davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-10-14

land of "a million people was
champing at the bit, eager to
race ahead.
People call Munoz Gel Vate"
the bard. The 64-year-old
governor has a poetic bent, and
his Operation Serenidad" il
lustrates that.
"Our idea," he told me, "is
to make the economy serve the
human personality. This is the
opposite of the Soviet idea,
which makes the human per-
sonality subordinate to the
economy"
The idea, he says, is that
there must be no hunger, no
distressing poverty, growing ed
ucation. Serenidad also means
protection and fostering of a
heritage of old Spanish culture,
so the people will not be over
whelmed by the modern gilt
ter of success.
80 Per Cent Literate
Operation Commonwealth
meant taking fullest advantage
of close ties with the United
States and the special relation
ship to the mainland which
freed the island from Federal
income taxes, permitted it to
collect its own customs, gave it
access freely to the worlds
greatest market.
Operation bootstrap accom-
plished things like this:
The island is more than 80
per cent literate. In terms of
extent of education it is more
literate than any Latin Ameri-
can nation.
Life expectancy is abou t
equivalent to that of the United
States.
Since 1949, about 800 new in
dustrial plants came in. The
per capita income rose in that
time from $272 to $700.
Industry Expanding
Slums are being pushed back.
Even the slumS, unlike those in
Latin American nations, have
sewers, lighting, running water,
other amenities.
Per capita, Puerto Rico is the
best United States customer,
Evening star., 1962-10-14
Ry WILLIAML. RYAN

Associated Press special Correspondent
SAN JUAN, Puerto Rico, Oct.
13-Less than q generation
ago in Washington, Puerto
Rico's situation was considered
hopeless, next to impossible.
Today Latin Americans sit up
and take notice of the little
fellow of the Caribbean. He
has left them far behind in
terms of wealth distribution
and per capita income.
The onetime "poorhouse of
America" is booming, on its
way to greater things, an eco
nomic sensation. And its as
cent lifting it out of the ranks
of undeveloped areas, was a
matter of life, liberty and the
pursuit of happiness.
Operation Bootstrap," Gov.
Luis Munoz Marin told me.
"was a means of life, of at
tacking pove rty. Operation
Commonwealth was a means of
insuring liberty. Operation Sc
renidad (serenity) was the
pursuit of happiness, of finding
ways of catching up with it,"
WindfalI From Ruin
Operation Bootstrap did the
job. Operation Commonwealth,
marking a status granted
Puerto Rico 10 years ago by
the United States, gave the
island a boost out of the cate
CORY of colonial status. Opera
ton Serenidad is the search for
means of enjoying the achieve
ments.
During World War II a liq-
uor shortage on the mainland
put Puerto Rican rum in ma
jor demand and brought a $780,
million windfall to the island.
THAT was our Alliance for
Progress" the Governor says.
The money was invested in
development. Then, after the
war, came new impulses. First,
Puerto Rico was granted the
right to elect its own governor.
In 1852, it got commonwealth
status, and it was on its way.
THAT was the beginning of
our revolution without bull
let's" said Governor Munoz.
Evening star., 1962-10-14

importing a billion dollars a
year in goods, exporting $500
million.
BY 1875, say enthusiastic
leaders, there will be 1000 new
industrial plants.
There is a big future in such
things as electronics, and in
petrochemicals, to create arti-
ficial raw materials to, compen-
safe for lack of natural re-
sources in an island poorly
treated by nature.
Puerto Ricos experience has
drawn $4,000 observers from 125
nations, the bulk from under
developed countries of both
hemispheres, to learn how it
Evening star., 1962-10-14
IN WORLD SPOTLIGHT
) Puerto Rico, Once 'Poorhouse, Now Booming

was done. Many have been
astonished at the rapidity OF
the accomplishment.
The island hopes to plan an
increasingly important role in
United States ties with L tin
America. Ten years ago it had
nothing to sell there. Today
it has things to sell and Latin
Americans are interested GUS
toners.
"Yes," Gov. Munoz told me
with a broad grin, I'VE have
some Communists here in
Puerto Rico. I believe there
are just about IS of them. I
don't know what they do with
their time"
Evening star., 1962-10-14
IN WORLD SPOTLIGHT

After q trial and error period
in which the government in
vested in industry, private en-
terprise was considered the
most likely bet. Plants were
sold to private investors. What
once was a hand-to-mo
agrarian economy, in an island
almost barren of natural re-
sources, became gradually di-
versified.
A big help was Puerto Rico's
exemption from United States
federal income taxes. Any in
dustry which came to the is
land got freedom from taxa
ton for 10 years. If it 10
Gated in a particularly unde-
veloped area of the island, it
got a 13-year break.
In addition, the Korean war
with its accompanying state
side labor shortage gave added
incentive to industries to To-
cate in Puerto Rico.
Tourism was encouraged. In
the 1940s, a hotel built by the
government on a gamble by
Teodoro MoscoSo now United
States Alliance for Progress
Chief-was called "Moscoso's
Folly. 1t paid off. Last year
tourism brought $66 million.
BY 1870 the government hopes
the figure will be nearly triple
that.
Emphasis on Stability
The administration stressed
mostly honesty and political
stability, encouraged training
of industrial personnel, raised
local aspirations, instilled a
feeling of local self-respect and
a stake in the economy and
government. Once Puerto Rico
had a problem common to
much of Latin America: lack
of skilled people because of an
aversion of educated men to
working with their hands.
Puerto Ricans changed that by
providing adequate rewards.
But, Gov. Munoz asserts, the
most important ingredient in
the success was people. Distri-
button of goods and wealth
was the key. 1t changed atti-
tudes and psychology. The is
Evening star., 1962-10-14
Arlington Ford

1917 N. Moore st. IA. 7-7s9o
THIRD '62 hardtop. all power.
air-cond. 6S6 miles on speedo. To
settle estate S3,995. RA. 6-2945.
5,fa; S5. rs. TIL THAcRER iSE MOTORS, 18th
and R / ave ne La 9-ll00
Evening star., 1962-10-14
Do you use coal?

Get famous blue Coal"
Americas leading anthracite,
from the largest coal supplier in
the area - Griffith Consumers.
Evening star., 1962-10-14
ROYAL MOTORS
MPERIAL-PLYMoUTH

IMPERIAL-PLYMO
CHRYSLER- R-SIMCA
400 Georgia ave, NV, ia $4,000
WILLYS JEEP '52 station wagon.
good cond in and out. Runs we'll.
Asking S295. UN. 4-0465.
WILLYS JEEP 81 station wagon,
4-cyl.. overdTive, r. and h. excel
lent condition, S1,295. can fl
nance, LO. 5-O720.
Evening star., 1962-10-14
AUTOMOBILES FOR SALE

RAMBLER '56 Super 4-dr. sedan,
str. stick, w/6-cyl. engine, perf.
running cond., wonderful on gas,
doesn't burn oil. 10000 actual
mi. since new never damaged or
rust spots, good tires, orig. red
finish gray interior, in excel.
cond" truly dependable 2nd ,,; car;
sell $40, no less. please only
really interested persons INQUIRE
touay only. See by appt, pnone
546-413S.
RAMBLER 1862 Classic 400
wagon. Just bought must sell.
5000 miles. Gold, all extras.
Power reel. bucket seats, belts,
once in lifetime buy $500 cash,
take up payments. SP. 2-6s65.
RAMBLER '62 American sedan,
economical. like new, ", ,73b:
RAMB. '55 4edr. Factory air. Red
and white. New inspect. Good
cond. S275 or best offer. cL. g.
0f44.
sTUDEBAKER 80 Lark IS" station
auto. trans, low mi. immaculate
payment, Payments at bank.
II. - II A1b 44NS'
1440 St. NV. DE. 2-4s00
STUDEBAKER 1886 President VS..
auto, equipped. black and white.
S595. STAR LIGHT MOTORS,
INC, 2504 Bladensburg I'd. ne.
LA. 9-9SS7.
STUDE. 81 Champ. sport coupe.
Very clean. in excellent condition.
$500. Call anytime 474-778S.
STUDEBAKER '52 2-dr. sedan,
clean. r. and h., stand. trans, good
tires, Just passed d. C.. inspection.
Pvt. owner. Must sell today. Bar
gain. LU. 4-26l1.
STUDEBAKER 1858 4-dr. COM
mander. Auto. trans, clean and
in excel cond. $500 or best offer.
UN. 4-390S.
TEMPEST '62 wagon, left over.
never used. S2.505. FLOOD Pom
TIAC. 1921 Conn.
TEMPEST '62 convertible, fully
equipped In good condition. Low
mileage. Canary yellow. S2,645.
Evening star., 1962-10-14

RAMBLER 1850 CROSS COUNTRY
STATION WAGON. CUSTOM +
AND H, LUGGAGE RACK. ETC.
WORTH MORE. S1.3SS, SlSS
DOWN OR TRADE. KIRK MO-
TORS, 1000 GEORGIA AVE, ia.
Evening star., 1962-10-14
JACK
BLANK
USED CARS

40|"'GS S4so 14th st. NV.
THUNDERBIRD '6l, factory air
cond, like new, S3,375 Will ac-
cept car in trade. Wo. 6-464s.
THIRD 80 hardtop. white, air
cond., excel. cond. only 10000
mi, / owner, all leather int, ST.
495. WO. 6-1155.
THUNDERBIRD SO. Full power,
auto. transm., r. and h.. Wv.
tires. 8 tops. 81 .695. OR. 4-9370.
THUNDERBIRD 80 Black, r. and
h., D. S., p. b., red and white up
hols. Call 671-970S. RE. 5-9S60.
THUNDERBIRD 80. Black, r. and
offer LITTLE CARS, LTD. 1900
wisconsin ave.
THIRD 81 conv.. good cond., ST.
si5 or best offer, 921 -5490.
THUNDERBIRD '62 Landau. Fac
tory air cond. plus many extras,
silver mink exterior with black
landau top and silver mink inte-
mat leaving country. $3.50 or
best offer. WO. 62654 week end
23424l4 weekdays.
T-BIRD 81 hardtop coupe, white,
power steering, power brakes.
beautiful interior. on sale. S2,795.
Capitol Cadillac-OldS Co.
1929 22nd st NV. FE. 7-2600
THIRD 80 hardtop, white, p,s,,
cruiseomstic. r. and h., Wv. tires,
10000 actual miles. one owner,
like new; S2.495.
Arlington Ford
1917 N. Moore st. ia. 7-7s9O
THIRD '62 hardtop. all power.
settle estate S3.995. RA. 6-2945.
THIRD 81 conV., full power.
S3.fis5. THAcRER MOTORS, 18th
and R. I. ave. ne. La. 9-1100,
THUNDERBIRD '62 white. red in
terror, 4 mos. old, must sell this
weekend, $4,000. 462-0756.
VALIANT 1861 "V-2OO' 4-dr. Sc
dan, auto, r. and h., 81 .595.
Sellers Sales & Service
622S Baltimore Ave. on Route l
Bet. Hyatts., Coll PIX, WA. 10000
VALIANTS 80. New official cars.
Below dealers cost, station Tag1
ons and sedans. Call FRED
FREDERICK, 776-7373.
NABIhNL ~ N-Nb s--ul. lldIh-
top, r and h., stand. drive, buck
ct seats, $1,S95.
ROYAL MOTORS
AL-PLYMOUTH
CHRYSLER-SIMCA
400 Georgia ave, NV. ia. 9-290O
VALIANT '63 station wagon v
200, auto. trans, r. and h., fac
tory air: never driven: sacrifice
2,Sa5; phone 5SS-9322.
VALIANTS-'62 200" 4-dr. sedan,
auto, drive; :; and h. s1.795.
drive, r. and h.. S1,500 MR.. NYE,
LA. $4,000 weekdays.
VALIANT 80 4-door. One owner,
like new, new-car warranty, must
sell immed. Call FRED FREDER-
ICK, 776-7373.
VALIANT '6I, Woo . dr., r. and h.,
stand. drive, real nice, S1095.
ROYAL MOTORS
IMPERIAL-PLYMOUTH
CHRYSLER-SI
4100 Georgia ave, NV, ia. $4,000
WILLYS JEEP SO station wagon,
good cond. in and out. Runs we'll.
Asking S295. UN. 4-0465.
WILLYS JEEP 81 station wagon,
4-cyl. overdrive. r. and h.. excel
lent condition, S1,295. can fl
nance. 10. 5-0720.
Evening star., 1962-10-14
JACK
BLANK
USED CARS

USED CARS
4s2- 1900 AID. 4-s50O
3460 14th st. NV
PONTIAC '62 Star Chief. factory
air. Never sold. Never used S3,
295. FLOOD PONTIAC, 422l Conn.
PONTIAC '62 Bonnie. Vista, factory
air, never sold, never used. S3,573.
FLOOD PONTIAC, 422l Conn.
PONTIAC 80 STAR CHIEF 4-DR.
IMMACULATE ONE-OWNER CAR.
ALL ORIGINAL INSIDE AND
OUT. HYDRAMATIC, r. AND H,
POWER EXTRAS, NEW-CAR
TRADE. KIRK MOTORS, 1000
GEORGIA AVE, ia. 9-4S00,
PONTIAC 50 Catalina 4-dr. 9-pass.
Verv good cond. Bronze in color.
C1 COZ
Evening star., 1962-10-14
AUTOMOBILES FOR SALE


PONTIAC 81 conv.,. r, and h.,
auto. trans, new top, de luxe
int, good running cond. 5000.
RA. 3-5457.
PONTIAC SO starchief sports Sc
dan, new tires, low mileage.
S1,395. 30l-PA. 5-4176.
PONTIACS. '5s hdtp. coupe. I'M
mac. S7g5. 80 Catalina, stan.
trans. 81 Pos. '5S convertible SS95.
JACK PRY, 10th g. Pa. Sc.
PONTIAC 80 Bonneville cpe. PSI
p.b., auto. trans, r. and h., white,
$3.50. RE. 6-2465 aft. D pm.
PONTIAC 62 4-dr., full equipment,
demo. sale, S2,757. FLOOD Pom
TIAC, 1921 Conn. -
PONTIAC 81 Bonneville sports
coupe, fully equipped. Very good
condition. White with red interior.
~ SQb
Evening star., 1962-05-20
Study No. 43o707

In the heat of freeway controversies,
nothing calms the passions and sootheS
the nerves like another study. So that
purpose at least will be served by the
agreement Of the Maryland Roads Com
mission, the District Highway Depart
ment and the Federal Bureau of Public
Roads to contract for an expensive six
month feasibility" study of routes for
Superhighway from Maryland through
Northwest Washington.
According to Montgomery Planner
Donald E. Gingery, this will be "a COM
plete and final study" to decide once
and for all where to put the so-called
Northwest corridor" freeway. After so
many years and so many other studies,
we have nothing but admiration for his
optimism. But our guess is that in the
GOODNESS Of the fall months six months
from now the old fight will wax once
again as hot as ever. 1t is hard to believe
that the data this study will turn up
even admitting that some of it will be
new data-will lead to an early or easy
resolution Of this granddaddy of all
Washington area highway battles.
Evening star., 1962-05-20
Khrushchev on Our Side?

According to Radio Sofia, Nikita
Khrushchev, speaking to Bulgarian
farmers in the Dobrudja area, has said
that President Kennedy has committed
IAN imprudent action" in ordering
American troops-at the urgent and
wholehearted invitation of the Royal
Thai government-into Thailand In
addition, the satellite Red radio has
quoted Mr.. K. as saying that the Thai
people are being robbed of their "free-
dom" by the "imperialiStS" of the United
States.
Beyond that, reporting from OBJ
nova in Bulgaria, Western news corre-
spondents have written that the Soviet
Premier-again addressing a group of
farmers, described as seeming to be
ignorant Of places like Laos and to be
quite puzzled by his wordS-has (1)
berated Mr.. Kennedy for IAN unwise
decision" and (2) predicted as follows:
THE Americans may be there Is years
because they don't understand and won't
get out. But they will be kicked QUIT
is just question of time 1t would
be best for the Americans to give up
their role as the international police
man.
Although it may not be especially
significant, the interesting thing about
all this is that it constitutes, for Mr.
KhruShchev, markedly restrained and
temperate language in a potentially
explosive situation. If only for reasons
of propaganda, he could have given
voice to much harSher words in the hope
that they might do some good for him
and Red totalitarianiSm among peoples
who have too quickly forgotten the
Kremlin'S savage repression of Hun
garyS 1856 revolt for freedom. Yet, even
including his mendacious remarks about
American oppression" of the That's, he
has spoken moderately compared to
country'S policies.
1t may be true, of course, that there
is less than meets the eye in this phe-
nomenon. Still, assuming that the diff
ferenceS between Peiping and Moscow
are as serious as some say, one might
speculate that the Kremlin conceivably
may see some virtue in the Presidents
action. In any case, we live in such a
changing and often strange world that
we cannot rule out the possibility, how
ever remote, that the Soviets secretly
are pleased to have us move against the
danger Of a Red Chinese attempt to
conquer Southeast Asia Certainly the
Kremlin has good reason not to welcome
such conquest, and the temperatures
Of Mr.. KhruShchev'S words may be &C
counted for accordingly.
Evening star., 1962-05-20
African Visitor

An African revolutionary who re-
mains quietly steadfast friend Of the
Western world will be welcome visitor
here in the next few days. Felix Hou-
phouet-Boigny, President Of the Ivory
Coast Republic, is doctor of medicine
by profession and political leader by
family custom and by the choice Of his
people. Before his country became inde-
pendent of France in 1860, DR.. Hou
phouet-Boigny had served in the French
National Assembly, in government min
iStries and as member of the French
delegation to the United Nations. Al
though the Ivory Coast elected not to
remain within the French Community
after independence, one of the first
actions of the new Presidents govern
ment was to sign a bilateral economic
and political agreement with France.
French technicians fill many posts in
the management of Ivory Coast affairs.
Dr.. Houphouet-Boigny has described
the United States as "the most solid
democracy in the world" His own coun-
try qualities as one of the most solid
democracieS in emerging Africa.
Evening star., 1962-05-20

last year, but the House has sent its
measure over for adjustment Of certain
changes. Under both plans, the school
fare would continue at 10 cents, or half
the lowest adult fare, with the District
making up the difference. The subsidy
would not be paid. however, if the COM
pany'S earnings reached the 4.9 per cent
level approved by the Washington Met
ropolitan Area Transit Commission. The
earnings today are reported to be slightly
under that figure. Only enough of
the possible subsidy to bring the earn
ings to the permissible level would be
paid-a fair arrangement for all con-
cerned
Evening star., 1962-05-20
Shifting the Subsidy

Since it is public policy, here and
elsewhere, to grant fare concessions to
school children, it follows that the loss
of revenue involved logically should be
a charge against the general public.
Yet, under the system that has pre-
vailed here for many years, the cost Of
cheaper fares for students has fallen
upon transit riders only. That is because
the transit company passes its loss along
to its full-pay customers in the form of
higher fares. However, under a bill
passed by the House, the burden of sub
sidizing school fares would be placed
where it rightly belongs-on the general
public, not on just segment thereof.
The Senate passed a similar bill
Evening star., 1962-05-20
Mr.. Byrd Opens Fire

Chairman Byrd Of the Senate FL
nance Committee has dropped a real
blockbuSter on administration hopes for
two OF It's favorite tax proposals. with
holding levy on dividends and interest,
and credit for business investment in
new machinery and equipment. Mr.
Byrd opposes both.
There are special reasons, of course,
why the firm position" of a single
Senator signifies more in this instance
than is normally the case. Over a long
period Of years, the Virginia Democrat
has become recognized as an outStand-
ing authority on fiscal legislation. AS
such and as chairman Of the committee
handling this legislation, he is quite
influential in Senate consideration of
measures in this field.
In taking his position against the
Withholding plan, Mr.. Byrd subScribes
to vigorously expressed criticisms. In
brief, they are that administration of
the plan would be complex, if not
lmpracticable and unavoidable; that it
would overtax people least able to af-
ford 1t for extended periods, and impose
ing citizens, the businesses charged
with the taX-collecting chore and even
upon the Internal Revenue Service itself
in handling exemption claims, refunds
and so forth. Instead of embarking upon
this highly questionable experiment, or
at least before doing so, the Senator
recommended full trial Of the auto
matte data processing system which the
IRIS already is installing. In this con-
nection, Mr.. Byrd cited earlier Govern
ment testimony that use of this system
would increase Federal revenue by $5
billion"
On the investment credit plan Mr
Byrd referred to the broad range of
ppoSition-including that of industry
itself. He emphasized particularly that
it would be discriminatory in many
respects, including gift of benefits to
companies that happened to be willing
or able to make capital investments at
the right time as against those lacking
investment funds or having no valid
business reason to expand or modernize
production facilities. In it's uneven ap-
plication, the Senator said the plan
would result in a tax windfall to some
companies and nothing to Others AS
the alternative in this instance, he urged
reliance upon liberalization of depre-
citation allowanceS-already promised by
the Treasury Department.
This opening shot by the Finance
Committee chairman is, to say the least,
bad news for the Kennedy administra-
ton. But we think the Senator is right.
Evening star., 1962-05-20

bolster McClellan's line. Jack
sons valley Campaign" is,
of course, q classic in mill
tary annals. The Star of
May "a, 1852. and for several
days thereafter reported
Jackson's 16,000-man army
had routed a smaller Federal
force at Front Royal, pushed
the bluecoats out of Stras-
burg and Middleton, and fin
ally the praying general
drove Banks out of Winches-
ter and put him in full re-
treat towards the Potomac.
%. The enemy are under
stood to be advancing from
Winchester to Harpers Ferry, "
Banks wired President Lin
coin from beyond Martins
burg: ". We all passed
the Potomac safe, men, trains
and all, I think, making a
march of IS miles. :" And
again from Williamsport, Md.
50. The loss of men killed,
wounded and missing d.
since the march from Stras-
burg . I am unable to re-
port, but I have great graft
fication in being able to state
that, although severe, it is
much less than might have
been anticipated. considering
the great disparity of the
forces engaged and the long
matured plans Of the enemy,
which aimed at nothing less
than the entire capture of
our force. The Substan-
tial preservation of the sup
plies is a source Of gratifi-
cation. We had a forced
march of So miles, IS of
which were performed in one
day, subject to constant at
tack in front and rear and
flank. (This evidently
referred to the cavalry of
Turner Ashby, one Of the
South's greatest horse-Sol-
diers.) Notwithstanding the
panic of teamsters and the
mischances of river passage.
the train lost not more than
so wagons. :" (They must
have been well-loaded, for
Jackson's troops gleefully re-
trieved q mountain Of badly
needed munitions and sup
Evening star., 1962-05-20
Aid for Aqed

The king-AnderSon bill Is
a step in the right direction,
but it does not cover enough
ground. No matter how much
medical attention old people
receive, the final result is
death. and here the bills
benefits end.
The King Anderson bill
should be enlarged to include
burial expenses which the
average oldster is no more
able to pay than medical
costs. How much more merci-
full it would be for the sor-
rowing survivor to have costly
burial arrangements also TAX
en- care Of by social security.
Paul McIlvane.
\ =
The Sunday Star article on
the Kerr-Mills Law states
that it had been estimated
to cost $142 million in Federal
funds for the first full year
and that only about SAB mil
lion had been spent in a
period of nine months or at
the rate Of about $57 million
a year.
1t further states that only
about half of the States have
put the program into effect
and that of the money spent,
92% of it was expended in
only three States. Imagine
what the effect will be when
the other AZ States get into
the act.
The article says only four
tenths of ~ of eligible per-
sons are receiving aid. So
less than one half of one
per cent are costing at the
rate of about $57 million.
If only 500 Of qualified
persons received aid land that
is a very fair percentage in
this age group 1t would boost
the payments to about So
Dillon. Emma M. Everstine.