davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-05
Two-Bit Operation

AS far as we know, there has been
no rash of complaints about the eff
cheney or the courtesy of the little
band of private businessmen who shep-
herd tourists around the United States
Capitol And the 25-cent fees they
collect do not severely dent sightseeing
budgets.
But these things do not make the
existing two-bit arrangement right. It
is wrong in principle to charge Ameri-
cans for the privilege of seeing the
processes of Congress and the historic
features of the Capitol. And even if
this were not so, it would be wrong
for fees to be collected privately. The
guides of the Capitol ought to perform
their services without charge to the
public, and they ought to be Federal
employees, whose activities are rigidly
supervised.
So we applaud Representative Doo-
ley of New York, the latest in long
line Of members to introduce bills to
do away with the See-for-a-fee system.
1t has become traditional, however, that
even such minor matters of Capitol
administration as this are decided not
by the Congress as whole, but by the
leaders of the House and Senate.
Mr.. Dooley has been around long
enough to know this, which is the
reason his bill calls for study" We
doubt, however, that the study" should
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-05
On AidinqCubo

At Punta del Este, the
United States pleaded With
Latin American countries to
halt the limited but signifi-
cant" trade between Cuba
and the rest of the hemi-
sphere, especially the flow
of arms"
The conference passed a
resolution calling for an en-
barge on arms trade between
Cuba and GAS members. Yet.
at present there is no arms
trade between Cuba and Lat
in America. The Commu-
mist bloc has supplied Cas-
tro with a superabundance
of weapons which he uses
to keep his disillusioned sub
jectS in line. In this light
the arms embargo resolution
appears to be Superfluous.
The resolution also directs
the GAS council to study the
possibility of an embargo on
non military trade. Eighty
per cent of Cuba's trade is
now with the Communist
bloc. And the United States,
not Latin America, is helping
this bloc to finance Castro's
regime. Communist Poland,
which has received $700 mil
lion in American aid, recently
extended to Cuba a $13 mil
lion, long-term, no-interest
loan. Our aid to Poland,
whose policy is dictated by
the Soviet Union, made pos
sible the Polish contribution
to Castro.
Our NATO allies carry on
a considerable volume of
trade, not only with Cuba,
but with the Soviet Union,
Red China and the Commu-
mist satellite nations. Sena-
tor Heating said recently: II
just cannot fathom the ap-
parent willingness of some
members of the free world
community to contribute val
liable equipment and know
how to the Reds which may
be used against all of us. :.
In a shocking display of a
double standard, nations
seemingly ready to ask the
ultimate sacrifice from their
young men are unwilling to
interfere with profitable
trade opportunities with the
adversary" AS part of a pro-
gram to restrict trade with
the Communist bloc, Senator
Heating suggested that the
United States and the NATO
members cooperate to arrest
trade with Cuba.
BY trading with Commu-
mist countries, the free world
not only holsters hostile and
tyrannical governments, both
economically and psychologist
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-05
For Once He's Rioht

Fidel Castro's denunciation of our
Governments total ban on Cuban i'm
ports suggests that this economic
weapon has inflicted a wound of
something more than the pin-prick
variety. The Havana dictator is prob
ably right, however, in saying that the
import ban, standing alone, cannot
prevent the spread of Castro-type revo-
lutionS through Latin America.
The ban on imports, principally
tobacco, will put a $36-million crimp
in Castro's annual dollar accumulations.
This is not large amount, when re-
lated to the $500-million trade exchange
IN pre-Castro days, but it is significant
factor when considered in conjunction
with Cuba'S rapidly deteriorating econ
omy. Certainly it is significant enough
to justify the White House assertion
that it will reduce" the capacity of
the Castro regime to engage in acts
OF aggression, subverSion or other VEN
lures endangering the nations of this
hemisphere
Still, as Florida's Representative
Cramer has said, this import ban alone
cannot be expected to bring down the
Castro tyranny, much less prevent the
spread of CaStro-like revolutions. For
economic pressure to be wholly effec-
tive, it must have broad base of sup
port This is why United States officials
hope our ban on imports and all sales
except food and medicines will be fol-
lowed by similar action on the part of
Canada, our other NATO allies and the
Latin American countries. The con-
finement of the Castro revolution to
Cuba is an even more difficult matter.
We can help through such programs as
the Alliance for Progress. But the pri-
mary responsibility rests on the Latin
American governments and people. If
they cannot or will not take the meas
ures necessary to maintain their own
free societies, not even the collapse of
Castroism will prevent the spread of
his revolution, with its ultimate die
tatorship.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-05
Ice Curtain Next?

The crash of the Geneva
test ban talks marks the end
of a farce, as The Star
rightly calls it. Also it may
mark the factual If not ver-
bal end Of the Antarctic
Treaty, which was hailed as
providing for and being a
model fer mutual inspection.
The black veil covering
Geneva shows that this was
a misconception. The Soviets
would never have signed it if
they believed in information
al inspection and controls.
Despite well-documented
opposition on the part of
civic, military, and patriotic
organizations and on the
part of Congress through the
years, the Antarctic Treaty
came into force June %,
1861. Those individuals in
the Government who were
persuaded to support it did
so because it represented for
the first time, it was claimed,
a workable inspection system
for both East and West.
However, those of the
press and in Congress who
reviewed Antarctic history a
bit perceived that here was
simply permission for the
East to inspect the West,
with no quid pro quo what
soever. Geneva's collapse de-
fines this as surely as if the
Antarctic Treaty had been
strapped at. the conference
table the other day.
Inasmuch as the Soviets
landed on the Antarctic Con-
tinent proper only in 1856
and then only as visitants
for the ICY, there was and
is no Iron Curtain area in
the Antarctic to be inspected.
However, with their admis-
sion to the entire Continent
as OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES they
have been quick in establish
ing bases making traverses,
and doing geological work,
supposedly as a foundation
for claims to territory there
in due time. That is only
natural on their part. But it
is not natural for the Free
World to be so supine as to
allow this denouement.
1t is to be hoped that Con-
greSS will promptly act on
measures that have been
pending that will rightly fill
up this vacuum. The propos-
ais were outlined effectively
in 1860 as preferable alter
natives to the treaty under
debate.
E. A. Kendall
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-05

OF New York City Depart
ment of Urban AffairsO.
The most recent evidence
at hand that the Depart
ment of Agriculture concerns
itself with urban interests is
the recent address of the Sec
rotary of Agriculture in which
he stated: 1.-THE Department
of Agriculture plays an ex-
ceedingly important role in
the daily life of every Ameri-
cannot just those who live
on the farm. Yet, the i'm
preston which many urban
families have is that the
Department of Agriculture is
concerned only with farm
ing and, therefore, rarely
touches their day-to-day &C
tivities."
Congress should therefore
first direct its attention to
the feasibility of bringing
tosether the problems of the
urban dweller into one ex-
ecutive department. Unfor-
tunately, too much political
emotion is being generated
over a proposed Department
of Urban Affairs (Which in
cludeS only a fraction of
urban affairs) and Housing
(Which includes only a frac-
ton of housing.
Thus the proposal has be-
come a symbol a political
symbol - and the public's
emotion is being directed to-
ward the symbol oblivious to
its faulty identification with
the problems of the urban
dweller. In the final analysis
these urban problems are the
problems of all Americans
and their voice in the high
est councils of government"
is the President of the United
States.
John C. Williamson.
Director, Department of Gov
ernmental Relations, Ma
tional Association of Real
Estate Boards,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-05

Inc quar- S eQlCOrlal OF jan
uary 81 on the proposed
cabinet-rank Department of
Urban Affairs and Housing
misses the point. The issue
is not ito pull together I'M
der one executive head a null
tiplicity of functions now
exercised by a variety of
agencies" The agencies
covered by the Presidents
reorganization plan No. / of
1862 are already under one
executive head, namely, the
administrator of the Housing
and Home Finance Agency.
The issue is much broader
whether it is in the public
interest to create an execu-
tive department which will
have the responsibility of cop
ing with the problems of ur-
ban jewellers which the Presi-
dent states ARE as complex
as they are manifold"
The few functions of the
Housing and Home Finance
Agency directly and immedi-
ately affected by the reorga-
nization plan don't begin to
cover the complex and man
fold problems of the urban
jewellers. However, when we
examine these problems we
discover that they run the
gamut of American life. Here
are a few of these urban
problems" cited by propo-
nents of a cabinet-rank De-
partment of Urban Affairs
before the 1860 Democratic
Convention Platform Com
mittee and in testimony be-
fore Senate and House
committees: Juvenile delin-
quency, water and air pol
luton, Slum clearance, hous-
ing, mass transit, aiEports,
public roads, relocation of in
duStry, education. immigra-
ton, public health, unemploy-
ment, marketing of agricul-
tural products, consumer pro-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-05
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used it
letters carry UriterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
tiers are subject to condensa-
ton. Those not used aDiH be
returned only aDhen accom-
panied By self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-05
Peace Corps Settling Down to Job
" CROSBY S. NC

from the volunteers. For
cats stake" began one letter
from a bush school on the
Eastern Region, what have
Sarge Shriver and JFK got
ten me into anyway"
But despite the prevalence
of such usual tropical dis
eases as yaws, sleeping sick
ness, worm infections and
malaria, no one during more
than four months Of training
in the country has fallen
seriously i'll.
A tour Of a half-dozen
Western schools with regional
director Murray Frank pro-
vides encouraging evidence
that the Peace Corps in Nj
geria, at least, is in business.
Mr.. Frank, a former social
worker from Chicago, spends
a good deal of his time on
the road these days checking
up on his charges and coping
with their various problems.
The job calls for a combina-
ton of country doctor, travel
ing salesman and father con-
fessor, and Mr.. Frank fills all
three roles with enthusiasm.
OF all the problems faced
by the Peace Corps at this
stage, loneliness and boredom
are the worst. And in this,
too, the regional director does
his hit. In a land where tele-
phones are few and far be-
tween, Mr.. Frank also acts as
a kind of social secretary for
the far-flung group.
Learning by Experience
On the basis Of their eX-
periences gathered during
their first four months in the
field, the volunteers have a
number of suggestions as to
how the Peace Corps train
ing program could be im-
proved.
Most think that the three
months of classroom work
at home is too long and that
it fails on the whole to pre-
pare the volunteers psyche
logically for the problems
they will find in the field.
A common suggestion is
that at least some part of
the program should be con-
Quoted under conditions sim
liar to those found in Africa,
either in Puerto Rico, or parts
of the United States less
comfortable than the campus
at Harvard or UCLA.
The project in Nigeria is,
of course, only a small part
of the Peace Corps program
and, since the project is so
far confined to teaching, also
one of the easiest. Success
here will be no guarantee of
success in other, more diff
ficult areas.
But a willingness to learn
from experience is necessary
in any international expert
ment. And from this point of
view at least, the expert
ment in Nigeria already is
paying valuable dividends.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-05
Real or Foncied Need for Urban Department?

lection, strikes, water, sewage
and snow removal.
The issue then is whether
it is practical to create a
Department of Urban Affairs
to devote it's efforts to cop
ing with the complex and
manifold problems" of the
urban dweller.
The reorganization plan
purportS also to bring the
housing functions of the Fed
eral Government into the
cabinet department. Here,
too, the plan falls woefully
short of its objective. The
veterans home loan program
and the Federal home loan
bank system together con-
tribute to SO per cent of the
Nations residential mortgage
financing. Yet, they are left
out of the grand design to
give the problems of urban
jewellers IAN adequate voice
in the highest councils of
government"
1t has been suggested that
because the Department of
Agriculture looks out for the
farmer. ergo, a Department
of Urban Affairs and Hous-
ing would look out for the
urban dweller. This analogy
does not stand up even I'M
der cursory examination. The
Department of Agriculture
concerns itself with a major
aspect of the economy, the
production and marketing of
food and fiber. Certainly the
marketing of agricultural
products is an urban interest
when one reflects the havoc
wrought when a teamster
strike Department of Labor
causes the hijacking depart
ment of Justice) of milk de-
partment of Agricultural
trucks using the interstate
highway system Department
of Commerce. to bring
nourishment Department of
Health, Education and We'll
fare) to the school children
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-05

cally, but also enables these
governments to extend aid
to Castro Cuba.
In asking Latin America
to halt its insignificant trade
with Cuba, we have placed
the responsibility in the
wrong place and have put
ourselves in a hypocrital
position. We and our NATO
allies are the chief offenders.
We should first cast the
beam out of our own eye be-
fore we try to cast the mote
out of the eye of our Latin
American friends.
Calvin G. ZOn.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-05
FRANCIS PARKMAN by
Howard Doughty. Ala PIP.

i ASfAANNAO AnkNWAN Dy
Howard Doughty. Ala PIP,
(The Macmillan Co.; $6.500
First Howard Doughty re-
marks that he is not an his
torian. Next he suggests that
his book, "a layman's ex-
animation" of one of Amer
ica's great historians, may
therefore have the value that
can attach to an outsiders
view" Then he presents us
with a masterpiece.
Today Francis Parkman
G823-1893) is best remem-
bered for 1.-THE Oregon Trail"
a book about his experiences
in the West at around mid
century. But his great work
is a series of eight volumes
which taken together COM
prise a history of the rise
and fall of New France" from
the beginnings of French ex-
ploration in North America
to the end Of the French and
Indian War and it's tragic
poStlude, Pontiac'S ConSpir-
acy of 1853.
Parkman was not q mod
ern historian whose work de-
rives its life from the skill
with which the sources are
allowed to speak for them
selves. Rather he was an
artist, who while scrupulous-
ly faithful to the sources,
sought to recreate events
through literature. The time
about which he wrote was
close enough at hand so that
it was possible for Parkman
to experience the wilderness
himself and to gather some
of the raw materials Of his
tory from personal contact
with its natural environ
ment.
AMONG THE MOST in
teresting of Mr.. Doughty's
demonstrations are those
showing how Parkman re-
worked his own impressions
of the wilderness as recorded
in his various journals into
the breath-taking descrip-
lions of nature and man
against nature of his histor-
ical writings. THE data Of
vivification," says Mr..
Doughty, ARE drawn from a
constantly deepening person.
al source"
This personal source"
however, was more than a
matter of contact with will
derness, for Mr.. Doughty
proves most adroitly that
Parkman's comprehension of
his subjects characters de-
rived ultimately from a COM
prehension of his own.
And so Parkman's life and
work are unified, not merely
juxtaposed, the former seen
from what will strike many
as an excessively theological
viewpoint both leading to and
interacting with the latter.
This is not to say that Mr..
Doughty, for all his talk of
Parkman's Goethean "dae-
mon," is carelessly subjecti-
visit. On the contrary, one
of his greatest virtues is the
precision with which he de-
fines and limits his various
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-05
A BOOK FOR TO-DAY
AMosterpiece About a Fine Historian
By DONALD MINTZ

basic positions, bringing
many different factors into
a careful and dynamic equi-
librium.
Parkman was a complex
man. a Boston Brahmin who
kept some of the values of
his heritage throughout his
life and rebelled against
many others and above all a
man who had a most I'M
BoStonlike devotion to a cult
OF physical activity and d.
rect combat with primeval
nature.
And yet he was ill for most
Of his life. This illness that
Parkman called "the enemy"
had some clear physical
symptoms, but, as Mr.. Dough-
ty remarks, "the indications
OF severe neuroSis are force
fully enough conveyed"
1t is difficult to know what
to praise most in this re-
markable book. There are
brilliant technical analyses of
Parkman'S style. There is a
brief section on Parkman's re-
lation to Romanticism that
Is a model of lucid scholar
ship and style. But perhaps
Mr.. Doughty's greatest en-
phasis and most exceptional
mslghts concern the precise
definitions of the opinions
and principles that were the
malnspringS of Francis Park
man and his work alike.
MIR. DOUGHTY has
taught English in a number
OF colleges and universities
and at present teaches Latin
in a private secondary school,
His style has the lucid
sonorousness that a thorough
knowledge of that language
Is supposed to bestow. Mr..
Doughty quotes Parkman on
decay and birth in the forest
and then says: But most of
all it is this central vision
itself that haunts us as the
ultimate rendering of some
thing we have seen beginning
to shape itself from these
wilderness pieces in Park
mans earliest writing-that
recurrent vision of the inter-
dependent strife of opposites.
the symbolic interplay of
beauty and horror, good and
evil, or here. most primordi-
ally OF all, of birth and death
that, in the symbolic vocab-
ulary of natural objects. is
the expression Of his sense
of the human, a metaphor
OF the psyche, and its pro-
lection of itself in mans sec
ond nature of culture and
civilization"
The prospect of an entire
book in that vein is per-
hapS frightening. But Mr.,
Doughty is a rhetorician, not
a disciple of Henry James,
Where crisp swiftness is need
ed, it is present, and the ebb
and flow of the language
perfectly in accord with the
ebb and flow of the subject,
AS history, as the history
OF history, as biography and
as literature Francis Park
man is distinguished con-
tribution, one that is likely
to endure.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-05
ChoIk's Trains

o. Roy Chalk's idea for an
elevated rail line in this area
is so good one can only Won
der in a baffled kind of way
why something like it has
not been worked out and put
into use long before. Having
lived in a city with mass
transportation facilities, and
also seen what happens to an
erstWhile attractive country
side when a fistful of free
way spaghetti is dumped on
it, I shall start saving my
SO cent pieces for fare and
be fervently cheering on Mr..
Chalk.
Mrs. Jesse E. Pond, jr.
Mr.. Chalk should concen-
trate on improving the D. C.
Transit we now have. It is
disgusting to ride the dilap-
idated, smelly buses used on
Connecticut avenue in the
rush hour.
Further in non-rush hours.
one stands a long time wait
ing for a bus, then two or
three appear at the same
time.
With each increase in fare,
our service has decreased. I
am a longtime resident of
the Connecticut avenue area,
and was born in Washington.
Therefore, I am able to COM
pare our present and past
service.
The 1882 million can be
spent in a more beneficial
way than on an elevated rail
system to Dulles Airport.
IenOra Aurhoch
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-05

be conducted, as he suggests, by the
Sergeants at Arms of the House and
Senate, since these are the officials
who administer the current program.
This is study" which Messrs. Mans
field and Mccormack could conduct
and implement in jiffy. And they
should.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-05

~-~~>-@~--~~-~~~-~~~
1.-THE incident in the long run
probably did more good than
harm. So far as the Peace
Corps was concerned it
taught them a good deal
about the sensitivities they
will be running into here. And
after it was over I think that
even those who organized the
protest realized that they had
carried the thing too far"
At any rate, by the time the
last Of rs volunteer teachers
settled into their new jobs
last week, the incident seemed
to have finally blown over.
Nowhere we're there any signs
OF hostility. And the news
papers that banner-headlined
the Michelmore story for
weeks on end were making no
new complaints.
For the volunteers them
selves, 1t was an anxious per-
iod when the coddling came
to an end and the months
OF training were suddenly
put to the hard test.
When the Nigerian Minis
try of Education handed
down its final verdict, the
group found itself thoroughly
scattered over the vast Nj
gerian countryside. Among
them eight have been as
signed to the relatively plush
federal area of the capital
at Lagos. Seventeen others
are at work among the bust
ling and industrious Yorubas
OF Nigeria's Western Region,
81 are in the East among the
LOO tribe. 81 have trekked
north to work among the
Moslem Hausa and Fulani
peoples of the plateau coun-
try.
Smooth Operation
On the whole, the opera
ton has begun as smoothly
as anyone could have hoped.
Nigeria is a country with a
long tradition of what is
known here as "expatriate"
(British) teaching. The new
co4-.2rs have added only a
small drop to the bucket
which calls for some 1000
man-years of expatriate
teaching to meet Nigeria's ex-
ploding educational needs
over the next 10 years.
There have been, to be
sure. a few generally good
humored yelps of anguish
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-05
RAnAN Nioerio

IBADAN, Nigeria.
Since the days of Margery
Michelmore. whose postcard
epic on the horrors Of the
Nigerian landscape nearly
blew the whole experiment
sky high, the Peace Corps in
Nigeria has absorbed a good
deal Of experience in the del
icate business of getting along
with Africans.
"As a matter of fact" says
a leading American official,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-05

Second Of Several Articles on the
Peoee Corps in Action.