davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-08-26
In q Mountains Heart

Strong men met in the heart of a
mountain on recent day to embrace
each other, to laugh, to sing, to exchange
toastS, flags and souvenirs, and to boast.
They had good reason, for they had
contributed another dramatic chapter
to mankind's history of indomitable de-
termination to build-not to destroy.
On this occasion, 1t was Frenchmen
and Italians, engineers of great skill
and workmen Of simple muscle, who
had Joined in blasting away the last
partition Of rock in seven-mile tunnel
under Mont Blanc, Europe's highest
peak and brooding sentinel above the
French-Italian frontier.
AS with most of the worlds great
construction featS, this is one for the
purposes Of peace-not war. It is one
that will cut the time and dangers of
motor travel-touriSt or commercial
between two neighboring countries,
and it happens at moment when the
bonds Of unity and friendship among
West European nations are taking on
unparalleled strength. The piercing of
Mont Blanc was the dream of an
engineer more than century
ago, and was revived by another of the
same imaginative stamp shortly after
World War II. 1t became paper COM
mitment of French and Italian govern.
mentS in 1858. Since then, men have
been working and II have died - to
turn dream into reality. In way, what
this will mean to travel Of any kind in
the future is not as important as what
it means today in terms of sharing the
pride of the men who did the Job.
Evening star., 1962-08-26
Darkness in Cuba

More rumorS than hard news come
out of Cuba these days but when the
rumors and such facts as are available
are Sifted down there is little that bodies
good for the Cuban people or for the
overall American community in the
near future.
Two things appear certain. One is
that there has been a substantial in
crease in shipping traffic from Commu-
mist ports to the onetime Pearl of the
Antilles. It is estimated that sixteen
Red-flag ships docked in Havana in
late July, with cargo and passengers
rather loosely identified here as equip
ment and technicianS. In announcing
that IS more Communist bloc vessels
currently are en- route toward the island,
our State Department has expressed
its opinion that the past and present
cargoeS include military hardware and
communications equipment but not,
as far as it knows, the facilities for set
ting up rocket or missile bases.
The second development, revealed
in one Of the surprisingly infrequent
public harangueS of Fidel Castro in re-
cent months, was the announcement
that the So-called land reform program
"a keystone of the revolution by
which the Cuban peasants were to be-
come proud owners Of the farm proper
ties which they worked was being junked
in favor Of government ownership of
these same lands and the system of COL
lective farming which has been such an
admitted failure in the Soviet Union.
This is not, Of course, the first or only
betrayal by Castro of his own revolu-
tionary promises. Obviously diShonored
long ago was his pledge to give his
people the privileges of democratic gov
ernment.
At his recent news conference, Pres
ident Kennedy referred to the Com
muniSt bloc shipments, but added that
there is no evidence as yet that they
include personnel or equipment that
might be modified for aggression
against a neighboring Latin American
country. Accepting this, the possibility
remains that the arriving technicianS
include personnel qualified to train,
control or command a paramilitary
police force to serve as guardians of
this Communist outpost in the Western
hemisphere. The fate of people, how
ever brave or desperate, who attempt
alone to rise against this form of cap
tivity has been revealed in other Com
muniSt-controlled lands. The light of
freedom may not have been finally
extinguiShed in Cuba, but it is growing
DINNER and DINNER
Evening star., 1962-08-26
The PoIIock Issue

Those Baltimore Democrats who
have been closely allied with James H.
(Jack) Pollack have good reason for
becoming restive about the association.
And it is no great surprise that several
of them, as the Baltimore Sun has re-
ported, plan public split with him.
1t is somewhat surprising, however,
that Carlton r. Sickles of Prince
Georges County, the Democratic candi-
date for Maryland's at large congress
sional seat, has permitted his Republican
opponent, Newton I. Steers, to make an
issue out of the fact that Mr.. Pollack
Endorsed a slate containing Mr.. SickleS'
name during the recent Democratic pri-
mary
Mr. Sickles says he wants the sup
port of all voters except outright John
Birchers or Communists" goal which
is not unusual in the case of anyone
running for office And there is no
reason to doubt his statement that he
has not talked to Mr. Pollack since the
primary, and did not solicit his sup
port. But he is quite wrong in saying
Evening star., 1962-08-26
Another Ghost Rider

They've all galloped away by now
the film cowboys whose horses hoof-
beats synchronized to the heartbeats
of young Americans in movie theaters
all over the land. Hoot Gibson, the last
of the Big Five, has Joined Tom Mix,
William S. Hart, Harry Carey and Buck
Jones in the Good Guys Heaven.
They were real he-men, those pio-
neer flicker cowpokes. They rode before
they learned to act, they did their own
stunting, took their own spills. And
if they couldn't Groom note, it prob
ably was better that way. Some Of them
earned fabulous money, but they earned
it with honest toll, and no kid in 10
cent balcony seat ever begrudged them
penny.
Long after today'S new tangled TV
types have faded away, Hoot Gibson
will remain a part of every boy now
over 40. Courageous to the end, he has
Joined the Ghost Riders in the Sky
the two -fisted types who wore spurs and
kissed their horses instead Of girls.
Evening star., 1962-08-26

that Mr.. Pollack is not an issue In his
current campaign. Mr.. Pollack is being
made an issue almost daily by Mr..
Steers, who has called Mr.. Pollack just
about everything in the purple language
category, in referring to the earlier
Endorsement of Mr.. SickleS.
If Mr.. Sickles chooses to brush this
kind of talk aside as ''low-road" cam
paigning, he is, of course, free to do So
But he could also remove any doubts
which Mr.. Steers may have raised in
the public mind by clear and forceful
Reputation of the Baltimore politician
The choice is his to make.
Evening star., 1962-08-26
Capitol Hill Visto'

The Federal Government
has strange ways of carrying
out the recommendations of
the National Capital Plan
ming Commission and Re
gional Planning Councils
Year 1000 Plan" for regional
land use. There was hope on
Capitol Hill that after the
wrecking crews had demol-
ished the block from First
street Sc. to Second street
Sc. on Independence that the
area would be left open. Many
envisioned grass or play
grounds, or just an open area
for a psychic relief from the
crowded building and the
monumental architecture"
at least until the Government
got ready to begin construc-
ton.
The Federal Government
responded in the past week by
inclosing the area with a
Evening star., 1962-08-26
100 Years Ago

The Second Battle Of
Manassas, or Bull Run. was
fought in the final days of
August, 1862. This encounter
grew out Of Gen. Lees plan
to strike a devastating blow
at Gen. Pope's Army Of Vir-
ginia before it could be
bolstered by reinforcements
from McClellan's Army of
the Potomac. The battle was
touched off on August %,
1862, when "Stonewall" Jack
sons men attacked a portion
Of Pope's army at Groveton,
Va. Two days before, Jack
son had burned Pope's main
supply depot at Manassas
Junction, but not before
giving his threadbare, foot
sore. half-starved troops a
chance to load up with the
best food and equipment the
Union had to offer. The Star
Of August %, 1862. said:
". Taking advantage Of
McClellan's movement, of the
roundabout route by which
he is going to support Pope,
the Rebels are rapidly throw
ing their whole strength
against the Army of Vir-
ginia. They are apparently
making a giant effort to con-
quer our defensive force and
thereby capture Washington,
before the bulk of McClellan's
army can avail for the rescue.
Generals Lee and Jackson
have been shrewd enough to
see their advantage and are.
to all appearances, profiting
by it. The retreat Of
our army and the advance OF
the Rebels in overwhelming
force, are no longer secrets"
Pope, who not long before
had boasted he had never
turned his back on the enemy,
had retired to the north bank
of the Rappahannock, falling
back some 18 miles. The news
that the Federals had suf-
fered a second defeat at
Manassas was slow in reach
ing the public because cor
respondents had been barred
from the battle zone for two
days by War Department
orders. First reports in this
paper indicated Pope had
things we'll in hand. The
Star of August 80, 1862,
Evening star., 1962-08-26
City Islands

There must be q hundred
or more circles and squares at
street intersections in the
District, intended to COM
memorate famous individuals
in our Nations history. Most
Of these are, figuratively, is
lands of land surrounded by
moats Of traffic and. gen.
orally. few pedestrians get
out to these islands. AS an
example, I wonder how many
pedestrians daily cross Ward
circle at the intersection of
Massachusetts, and Nebraska
avenues in relation to the
number of motorists who
drive by.
It seems to me 1t would
be a good idea to place signs
at the eye level of motorists,
so that they might know the
purpose of the statues and
identify the circles with
names. Not only would such
plaques help to preserve the
memory of the people after
whom the islands were
named, but also these would
help our thousands Of tour
lists find their way around
Washington.
My idea is basically one
Of communication. If we're
going to put names on
things, let the names be read
by the people that should
read them. If we're going to
try to honor people, let's
honor people by putting the
testimonials in q spot con-
venient for the majority Of
people to read.
Richard England
Evening star., 1962-08-26

quoted a Pope dispatch: I'VE
fought a terrific battle with
the enemy yesterday, which
lasted with continuous fury
from daylight until after
dark. We have lost not less
than 5000 men killed and
wounded, and from the ap-
pearance of the field. the
enemy lost at least two to
one. Our troops behaved
splendidly. The battle was
fought on the identical bat
tlefield Of Bull Run. which
greatly increased the en-
thusiasm Of our men. :"
The Star of September l,
1862, suggested the Confed-
crates were just about licked:
". The fact that the
enemy did not seek to renew
the engagement yesterday >. &.
augurs either that he has
suffered so much or is so
short of munitions, food. ETC.,
as to be incapable for the
time being of taking ad-
vantage Of his success the
day before. The (enemy)
fired cut UP railroad iron
for cannon balls, and are
living on hard crackers and
coffee made of roasted
wheat. :" A New York
Tribune correspondent who
was on the scene described
the fierceness Of the fight
ing at Second Manassas in
The Star of September 4.
1862: ". I have heard the
musketry of the best con-
tested battles fought in Vir-
ginia. and I say unhesitat-
ingly that the fire (here)
was the heaviest of any. Talk
of yolleys. rolls and crashes!
II was all these continually
accumulating, piling upon
each other in mighty swell
ing volume-the wrestle of
rushing tornadoes such as
chaos may have known L
Evening star., 1962-08-26
Behind Cubo's S Curtain

After reading your story
on the possible presence of
Russian soldiers in Cuba, and
the lack Of confirmation by
official American sources, is
there any doubt by the
United States Government Of
the feasibility Of such mill
tary help to the CastroS?
Whether these military
personnel are or are not
members Of the Red Army,
or just a segment of the le-
gion Of Communist adven-
turers from different parts Of
the world. doesn't make
much difference. AS far as
they are militarily trained
men, they represent a seri-
GUS menace to the peace of
the entire hemisphere. They
constitute a foreign army Of
occupation in Cuba. which is
a flagrant violation Of inter-
American treaties and a blow
to the American policy Of
nonintervention in Cuba.
We must remember that
Che Guevara had already
announced that in case Of
any armed action against
Castro, there will be not only
Cuban soldiers defending his
regime.
Can there be truth in that
Cuban joke about the angry
United States Senator who,
speaking in 1870, is telling
his colleagues: IF that rascal
Castro and his aggressive ad-
visers take a further step be-
yond Jacksonville, we will
show them who the United
States are!"
Evening star., 1962-08-26
Newsy Frontier

Over the past several
months, I have grown &C
customed to finding a picture
Of one or more members Of
the Kennedy family on the
front page Of The Star -
our youthful leader vigorous
ly rocking, Jackie waterski-
ing, Caroline on Macaroni,
Bobby. at his desk, recruiting
bus drivers for freedom rides,
Brumus. our first dog. at
tended by a pretty secretary
at the Justice Department
(the lucky dogD. These have
been as much a part Of the
front page as your masthead.
But several times lately I
have had to dig as far as
page six to find a photo Of
the first family and I would
like to know what goes on
here? I am sure that Arthur
jr.. Pierre ct al. are as dis
appointed as I at this new
attitude and perhaps a word
Of warning is due the person
in charge of placing the
Kennedy daily pictures-such
continued indiScretion may
lead to a horrible fate for
him - the ultimate punish
ment - someone might Just
push him fully clothed into a
swimming pool. So get those
Kennedys back on the front
page!
James J. Matthews.
A current picture maya
zine reports that the Ken
nedys object to any mention
of the pushing Of guests into
Robert Kennedy's swimming
pool. After all, we had
craftsmanship" in the previ-
Gus administration, so why
shouldn't we have dunk
manship" in this one? I
applaud. Not only do our
New Frontiersmen get them
to the brink" but in they
60. In other words. progress
is the order Of the day.
Milton G.. Graham.
Evening star., 1962-08-26

The freshest breeze that
has blown across the off-edi-
torial page of The Star in
years is that stirred up by
Jenkin Lloyd Jones.
His column Of August 20
Is good enough to be printed
In the history texts used in
American public schools. And
I wish that 1t could be. For
here is a man who not only
knows what he is talking
about but has a deep feeling
for those homely virtues like
patriotism and conviction
and courage which seem to
be currently out of fashion.
And what a pity that is.
And what a pleasure it is
to read a man who is not a
special pleader for a cause"
=. other than the cause Of
all Americans. I did not know
there were any American
originals like him left
around. And I'm so pleased
to know there Is at least one
who will still be heard.
Where did you find this
provincial? He must be from
somewhere out in "the great
outback" Of America. for you
could not possibly find that
kind Of thinking. or writing,
along the bar Of the Nation
al Press Club where every
man is buSily rewriting the
copy of the man next to him.
No. Mr.. Jones must be an
outsider. Otherwise he could
not possibly be that original.
John M. Virden,
Colonel. USAF (Ret.).
Associate Editor
Army. Navy, Air Force
Journal and Register
Editors Note: Mr.. Jones
also Is a member of the
Press Club. although not an
habitue. He drops in period
ically to hear "the widest,
most improbable rumors in
the world" While he does
most Of his writing in Tulsa,
where he is editor Of the
Tribune. we were not exag-
gerating when we referred to
him in a recent front page
box introducing his column
as a dynamic, globe-trotting
Oklahoma editOr,")
Evening star., 1962-08-26
Person-to-Person

David Braaten's article
Sunday. August 19, is against
the Bell Systems change to
Misunderstanding.
I am a college student but
during the past three months
I have been working as a
telephone operator. I am sure
that any anti-digit dialer who
spent Just one day working
as an operator would quickly
change his mind about all
number calling.
Mr.. Braaten states, "As-
suming. for arguments sake.
that two people exist who can
make these two words
Mitchell and MutuaD sound
alike and still communicate
with other people by tele-
phone " These people
do exist. I know because they
have been my customers.
This article indicates the
writer's lack Of knowledge Of
the confusion brought about
by letter exchanges, For eX-
ample. q customer will dial
AP when he has been told
the exchange is ALPINE.
Mistakes in pronunciation
cause people to confuse BR
with PR, BA with DA, SP
with ST, TR with DR., etc.
Mr.. Braaten presents no
valid arguments against the
two major reasons for the
change. These are: More
telephone numbers will be
possible with the combination
Of numbers instead Of letters.
Also. it will greatly reduce
the amount of confusion
caused by misunderstanding
Of letter exchanges. The
article also ignores another
good reason presented in the
booklet, which is, by increas-
ing the number Of potential
central offices in each dialing
area. ANC permits an increase
in the number Of telephones
you can reach without having
to dial a three-digit area
code"
Drena Mundell.
Evening star., 1962-08-26

clergyman entered. Another
delegate commented after
ward, 1T was obvious that
this was a morning when
every heart desired prayer.
The preacher. taking his
place behind the desk. first
opened the prayer book and
after reading the prayer an
nounced that he would read
the 35th Psalm. He read
slowly with no show Of dra-
mates - Bring forth the
spear and stop the way
against them that pursue me.
Say unto my soul. I am thy
salvation. And on he read
through the entire majestic
psalm! The effect was over
whelming. 1t seemed that the
sacred words had been writ
ten for this day. Men bowed
their heads and wept. Then
the minister offered an ex-
temporaneous prayer which
greatly moved the kneeling
patriots. Said John Adams.
"It was a prayer worth riding
a hundred miles to hear. 1t
had such a sublimity Of style
and sentiment and sensibility
of the scenes and business
before us that even the Quak-
ers shed tears" Joseph Rice
whispered to John Adams
that the Congress had never
decided on a more mastery
stroke Of policy than that
of opening Congress with
prayer.
The Reverend Mr.. Duche
was still performing the
sacred duties Of Chaplain
when the Declaration Of In
dependence was passed. In
his first prayer after the
Liberty Bell rang out he
asked, "Give them wisdom
and counsel and valor in the
field, defeat the malicious
designs of our cruel adver-
saries. Be Thou present, God
of wisdom, and direct the
counSels Of this honorable
assembly. All this we ask in
the Name Of Jesus Christ,
Thy Son and our Savior"
In all this record. and in
the historic fact that in the
constitutional convention,
Benjamin Franklin's motion
was passed unanimously that
every days session be begun
by calling on God for guid-
ance, it is perfectly evident
that in the minds Of the
founders religion was the
very breath Of our national
life. No one in that inspired
company even thought of
questioning that! God was
their guard and their guide!
Their deep concern was that
no one church should ever
be set up as the official ex5
preston of that acknowl-
edged religion.
This was the faith Of our
fathers and is the faith today
of those to whom they tossed
the torch of freedom to wor-
ship God. 1t is a holy faith!
And. as a great hymn Of the
universal church puts it
Faith OF our tdthersl We tDiH
strive
To tDin all nations unto thee,
And through the truth that
comes from God
Mankind shall then be truly
free.
Faith OF our fathers, holy
faith!
We mill be true to thee till
death,
Evening star., 1962-08-26

Pen names may be used II
letters carry DriterS' correct
names and addresses. Al let
terS are subject to condensd-
tion. Those not used mill be
returned only when accom-
panied BY self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1962-08-26

rough wooden fence-painted
green. I wonder what their
immediate plans are for the
lot and how the fence adds to
the vistas Of the Southeast. II
this is the green space"
called for in the NCPC-RPC
plan, then the plan must be
open to considerable inter-
probation.
Evening star., 1962-08-26
SPIRES OF THE SPIRIT
Faith of Our Fathers
BY DIR. FREDERICK BROWN HARRIS
Chaplain of the United States Senate

In the beginning of our
Nations life. the founding
fathers framed the Declara-
ton of Independence and the
Constitution of the new re-
public. Among the vital pro-
visions of the Constitution
is an article which declares
that there shall be no "estab-
liShment of religion" 1t
seems perfectly clear that
what that phrase is meant
to convey Is that there shall
be no branch of the church
established in any place of
preferment or dominance. 1t
is evident that what this
article is talking about is not
religion but the church.
AS we listen to those who
in the vanished yesterdays
deliberated in independence
Hall, there seems a present
day tendency to confuse
their faith and their fear.
Their faith was in God the
Father Almighty. Without
equivocation they state that
again and again. Their fear
was that any particular
group who worshipped that
one God should endeavor to
bring about an establishment
Of their sect as the recog-
nized church. That, the
founders said, must never
come to pass in these United
States.
Thus spoke the Declaration
signers and the Constitution
trainers!
There is q world Of differ
ence between the State and
religion. and the State and
church. In an old hymn book.
used q hundred and more
years ago. and which was
being entombed in the cor
nerstone Of an imposing
Gothic Church. I found GER
tain verses once sung Justify
at camp-meetings by the
people called Methodists.
One verse declares
They sing and shout and
iDork the best,
And labor most for endless
rest.
! hope the Lord tDiH them
increase
And fill the earth NTH
MethodistSi
Well, even II that soaring
ambition were fulfilled
which the Lord forbid-it
would not warrant any es-
tablishment of that brand Of
religion or any other.
Turning from the con-
fused and confusing COM
ments Of today, let us join
the assembly of that immor-
tai group meeting in Phila-
delphia. When 1t was pro-
posed there that there be a
session of prayer every morn
ing before entering upon the
daily grind" and that a GER
tain minister be invited for
that purpose, one delegate at
once raised the question Of
church. He said, I'VE are
co-mingled sects: we are
Episcopalians, Congregation
alists, PreSbyterians. Quakers.
Baptists. How could we
join in the same act Of wor-
ship?" Then, UP rose John
Adams declaring that he did
not belong to the same de-
nomination as the minister
it was proposed be invited to
pray but that he was no bigot
and he could hear a prayer
from a gentleman Of piety
and virtue whatever his de-
nomination. He then moved
that the suggested Reverend
Mr.. Duche, an Episcopal
clergy man, be requested
henceforth to open the Con-
gress with prayer.
In the entry of September
7, 1774, we find recorded,
agreeable to the resolution
of yesterday the meeting was
opened with prayer by the
Reverend Mr.. Duche." Be-
cause of the false rumor that
the British had bombarded
Boston there was an atmos-
phere of tenSeneSs as the
Evening star., 1962-08-26
FROM THE STAR FILES.

believe there cannot be a man
who heard or participated in
that awful tragedy but
counts (it) the severest
fighting he ever knew. :"