davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-26
A BOOK FOR TODAY
By DONALD MINT7
Half the World Has, Rest Has Not

HUGE CHAPTERS of the
worlds history are summa-
rized in sentences and para
graphs: The accumulation of
capital in the Soviet Union
under Stain, the significance
for the Industrial Revolution
in Europe of the rise of a
powerful merchant class
especially after the Reforma-
ton, the attitudes of the
land-holding class in modern
South America, the reasons
for the political behavior and
foreign policy of the neu-
tralist nations and what may
reasonably be expected Of
them. The list goes on and
on.
The book, then, may serve
as a firSt-class introduction
to the present state of vir-
tually everything for teen
ayers who are just becoming
aware of the global environ
ment in which they live.
But there are several diff
ferent kinds of simplifica-
ton. Miss Wards summaries
are precise and all-inclusive.
Each of them therefore sub
Sumes-not merely exempli-
fies-a coherent group Of
facts and ideas.
AS a result, these clearly
expressed summary notions
can be taken as symbols,
the careful manipulation of
which reveals patterns and
trends not visible at lower
and more detailed levels.
Such manipulation therefore
also yields badly needed in
sights.
The book can thus be read
at many levels ranging from
the most elementary to the
most sophisticated. It's wis
dom should have an impact
from high school to graduate
school, from living room to
the highest council chambers
of the nations.
Barbara Ward is q learned
and clear-headed analyst in
formed by moral fervor and
an intense devotion to West
ern ideals. Her thought is
an asset of the free world.
To call a book essential"
is usually to abuse the word;
in this case it is perfectly
proper. 1.-The Rich Nations
and the Poor Nations" de-
serves a vast and attentive
audience.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-26
An Ally in Trade Battle

The United States Chamber of
Commerce has given President Kennedy
strong helping hand by it's indorse-
ment of the administrations program
for expanding free world trade through
a negotiated sharp reduction in exist
ing tariffs. Basically, the chambers
decision in this case, as voted by its
board Of directors, conforms to its
longtime support for reciprocal lower
ing OF tariff barriers as a means of
increasing international commerce.
However, the fact that the pending
administration plan emissions not only
deeper cuts but the complete elimina-
ton of certain tariffs has divided the
ranks of both industry and labor.
In the showdown that is developing
on Capitol Hill, and there is no doubt
that trade policy will be one of the
major issues of this session of the
Congress, the chambers official posi-
ton should carry substantial weight
with the legislators This prospect is
improved, furthermore, by the business
organizations announced plans to
solicit grass-roots support for the
administrations program through its
Arcade for citizenship Action rallies
scheduled in a dozen or more cities
from East to West Coasts in the next
few weeks. Any favor won by this means
is apt to be passed on Immediately and
directly to the related congressional
delegations.
Along with its Endorsement of the
free trade principle, the chamber quite
properly attached one qualifying re-
ninder. It was that reciprocal tariff
reductions alone do not guarantee an
improvement in our overall balance of
international trade. American producers
must remain competitive, and their
ability to do so is affected by such
factors as Federal budget policy, which
could stimulate initiation and higher
prices at home, and by wage increases
outrunning productivity gains. Price
restraint, in order to remain competi-
tive, depends in the first instance on
cost control. On this industry is entitled
to the understanding and cooperation
of both Government and labor If it is
to carry major burden of the trade
battle at home and abroad.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-26
Birthday Sales

The sickening annual desc
Grafton of Washington's
birthday was enacted here
once again. In this Capt.
tai of the United States,
named in honor of the Father
of His Country, the memory
of our first President meant
only a hunt for bargains.
A column or two reported
patriotic observances. Dwarf
ing these announcements
were pages of advertisements
enticing the public to "cele-
brate" Washington's birth
day with whiskey and beer
at reduced prices!
Washington's birthday has
become synonymous with
bargain sales. Greater ma
terial rewards mpted
those of Washington's day
to risk their lives for free
dom.
Merchants in the Nations
Capital-and now also in
other American cities - are
perpetuating the memory of
George Washington as 1.-THE
first in war, the first in
peace-and first in bargains.
]. ]. Perling.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-26

@. How many different gem
stones are there? What deter
mines whether a mineral Is
considered a gem stone?-
T. j.
A. OF the $500 mineral
species, only about 100 have
all of the attributes required
in gems. Gem stones must
have the qualities Of splendor
or beauty, durability, and
rarity. SpIendor in a gem de-
ponds on transparency, bril-
lance, luster and color. Lus-
ter depends on transparency,
refractivity and crystal struc-
ture of a mineral. Durability
is determined by hardness
and toughneSs. Rarity is a
major factor in determining
the value of a gem. There is
no sharp division between
precious and semi-precious
gems. Diamonds. rubies, sap
phires and emeralds are US
ually clasSed as precious
stones, and the others as
mi-precious.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-26
The Capitals Imoqe

The Sunday Star reported
that a committee of Govern
ment officials had drafted an
architectural policy to guide
the Government in its choice
of building designs.
1t is encouraging to know
that this problem is being
given serious attention. How
ever, when it is said that
"the policy calls for an end
to initiating architectural
styles. such as the classical
Greek" some thoughts arise
that can be summarized as
follows:
/. The classical style is a
traditional style intimately
associated with all of West
ern civilization. In using it
one is not necessarily guilty
of imitation.
2. The style is distinguished
for its clarity, order. sub
tlety and discipline.
3. Through the centuries,
it has shown great vitality
and adaptability, permitting
it to pass through several
stages, each with some char
acteristics Of its own, up to
the present time; and per-
hitting it also to adopt in
novations in technique as
well as design.
4. The value of traditions
as such seems to be recog-
nized in the policy recon-
mendations, as it is said that
Special attention would be
paid to Incorporating region
al architectural traits to re-
fleet the traditions of the
regions housing the build
ings." AS far as public build
ings In Washington are con-
cerned, the architectural ira
dition is classical.
S. There Is no reason why
we as Americans should feel
that the classical style is
something foreign. Like so
many things of classical orr
gin-for example, words in
our language-it is part of
our heritage.
6. The classical style can
be modified. 1t is not so
much the decorative features
that count as the essential
character. The use of Doric,
Ionic or Corinthian columns,
of porticos, entablatures, an
themions, ETC., are not of
deciding Importance. What
counts more is the balanc-
ing of volumes in a building,
the treatment and proper
tioning of its openings, the
texture of the surfaces, etc.
1t is conceivable that many
of the innovations of the
present day, both in design
and in technology. could be
incorporated in a building
that would still have a CLASH
cal character.
7. In Washington, the
building of structures, in
Guiding memorials and mon
uments, alien to the tradi-
ton now prevailing, should
be avoided. The same is
true Of paintings and sculp-
lures used in the decoration
OF the buildings. The over
all classical character of the
city should be retained.
Within this limitation there
is still a great deal of free
dom for creative architects
and artists. In fact, modern
art should benefit by the dis
cipline of such limitation.
Chester LEIGH,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-26
THE PASSING SCENE
By WILLIAM S. WHITE
Khrushchev's Phony Summit

disarmament, are going ahead
with testing"
OF course, he would never
add that the Russians, having
already reneged on the orig
inal test-ban pact and got in
as many new shots as they
liked, were now In very tidy
shape for quitting testing"
Still. he could undoubtedly
make some Roadway with
such an argument. however
spurious, because Of man
kinds aching yearning for an
end to the arms race.
Khrushchev Afraid?
At worst, he could torpedo
the conference before 1t had
begun-as he has done before
this-by saying that we had
made it pointless by resuming
nuclear tests.
If all this is his immediate
motive-and surely it is
what of his longer-term mo-
tive? This, in the view Of
some high authorities here, is
to try to interrupt our non
nuclear military preparations
by suggesting that they are
not needed.
Some here believe that
Khrushchev is really afraid
only Of our rapidly develop
ing non-nuclear power, on
the assumption that he is
never going to challenge us
to nuclear war. This non
nuclear power Is growing
much faster than most peo-
pie can realize, under the able
direction of Defense Secre-
tary Mcnamara.
We are now actually de-
veloping practical tactics to
fight-and to help local vic
Tins fight - Communism's
brush-fire aggressions, or
what Khrushchev calls wars
Of liberation"
We are reaching the point
where we can readily drop
small but fiercly competent
troop units. bearing arms so
simple that even the most
backward peoples can use
them, into these small but in
tensely hot local areas of
trouble.
Moreover, a high military
decision has now been firmly
made: Now. having the ca
pacity as well as the will, we
are going to fight this kind
of action wherever it is in our
national interest to do so.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-26
Peiping and Wet Nam

Red Peiping now has launched
shrill and threatful new propaganda
offensive against our country's efforts
to help South Wet Nam save itself from
Communist enslavement.
These efforts have been markedly
intensified in recent months for a very
good and very grim reason: The terror
istic Wet Cong Communist guerrilla
operations have been expanded to de-
gree that puts them on par with full
scale warfare being waged by an in
vading army. This army, whose home
base is Red North Wet Nam, and which
has the help of a corridor through Laos,
Is doing its dirty work with Sino-Soviet
guidance and support. In fragrant
violation of the 1854 Geneva agreements,
1t threatens to drag the South Wet
namese behind the Bamboo Curtain
development that would menace not
only neighboring independent states,
but the whole of free Asia, including
India, Pakistan and Indonesia.
It is because Of all this that our
country now has in South Wet Nam some
1000 soldiers under special new COM
mand headed by General Paul D. Har-
kins. AS President Kennedy himself has
emphasized, these are not meant to be
combat troops, but they have orders to
shoot back If fired upon as they carry
out their duties in connection with our
stepped-up program Of military assist
ance. This assistance involves a major
program Of training and support for
President Ngo Dinh Diem's 175,O00-man
army. American pilots, for example,
fly American helicopters to transport
units Of that army to regions where
there are Red guerrillas to be flushed
out and captured or destroyed.
In that respect, therefore, Peiping
has not exaggerated in asserting that
1.-The United States is already in an 'un-
declared war;" Actually, our Govern
ment has long since openly acknowledged
that that is the fact of the matter. But
1t is fact only because Red China and
the Soviet Union are joined in an OBJ
vious conspiracy to destroy Vietnamese
freedom as prelude to further con-
quest. If that were not the case, our
country would not be so deeply and
solennly committed as it is to the task
OF trying to save South Wet Mama
task that may take many years, and a
commitment that will not be dissolved
merely because the Chinese Commu-
nists now are making noises ominously
reminiscent Of what they said before
invading Korea in 1850.
Certainly, although this is situa-
ton full Of the most explosive posi-
bilities, the United States can hardly
retreat from it without seeming-de-
spite all its past brave words-to aban-
don the whole of Asia to the Red
totalitarianS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-26

Russian demands for a
phony summit conference on
disarmament have reached
the point Of maximum pres
sure. Thus, the United States
and the West again face q
point Of maximum danger.
It was never more impor-
tant for responsible people
here and in Allied countries
to encourage President Ken
nedy to stand steadfast in re-
fusing to enter such a con-
versation with Nikita
Khrushchev - on Khrush-
chev's terms.
Massive support is ready
and waiting for him in Con-
gress, in both parties. The
public could do its part, too,
by writing to the President,
by developing citizen interest,
and so on
What Khrushchev Is trying
to do is to hustle the Presi-
dent into a kleig-lit meeting
of heads-of state before the
slightest proper preparation
has been made at working
diplomatic levels and before
giving the slightest evidence
that the Russians would ever
agree in any event to true,
inspected disarmament.
Interior Motive
The i'm m dia tie motive
seems perfectly clear. It is to
bamboozle the United States
into not resuming its own
nuclear testing-though the
Soviet Union long since
broke the armistice. BY a
score and more new blasts, it
accomplished all it had
wanted to accomplish toward
weapons improvement.
If by emotional demon
STATIONS for peace" at any
price the President should
now be pressured into enter
ing an unprepared summit
conference, Khrushchev
would have us over q very
dangerous barrel.
At minimum he could use
the enormous propaganda
facilities of such a meeting
to proclaim that we must
show good faith" by indef-
initely delaying any new tests.
He would shout to the world:
you see, we Russians are
for quitting testing; but now
the Americans, in the teeth
of this great assemblage for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-26
Honorinq All

It is fitting thing that the
Distinguished Service Medal of the
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration has been awarded, from
the same platform and on the same
day, to Robert R. Gilruth as we'll as
to Lieutenant Colonel John H. Glenn,
Jr. For Mr.. Gilruth, as the top director
Of Project Mercury, has played an
inspirational and administrative role
Of major significance in the projects
achievements to date, including Astro-
naut Glenn's triple orbital flight.
Thus, in the words of the citation
read by President Kennedy at Cape
Canaveral, Mr. Gilruth merits the
thanks of the American people for
distinguished leadership of the team
Of scientists and engineers that carried
Project Mercury from its inception
to the successful accomplishment Of
manned flight in orbit The
achievements Of this project have
considerably enhanced the prestige of
the United States and reflect the
greatest credit on him and upon his
country" A modest man, who has
directed things with quiet but fornid-
able efficiency, Mr.. Gilruth himself
has been at pains to emphasize that the
honor accorded him is really an honor
accorded to all who have been part Of
the Mercury team" Colonel Glenn,
who owns Washington today, has made
the same point. Speaking for his fellow
astronauts, he has put it this way: II
know how many thousand people all
over the country were involved in
helping accomplish what we did last
Tuesday :. We all acted literally and
figuratively as team -. would like
to consider that I was sort of figure
head for the whole big tremendous
effort"
Colonel Glenn, of course, has not
been a figurehead; nor has Mr.. Gilruth.
But they both have been very definitely
part of great and enormously admir-
able cooperative American enterprise,
and the medals the President has
pinned on their lapels honor, as they
have said, not only themselves but all
who have contributed to the success of
Project Mercury.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-26
Man and Beasts

Surely the animal world
cannot be entirely protected
from pain. tragedy or catas-
trophe, any more than hui
mans can be spared these I'M
predictables. However, the
animals, the domesticated
ones in particular. live in a
world made and dominated
by humans. The Bible
teaches us that God gave us
dominion over all animals.
What kind of dominion? Is it
the loving dominion we exer-
else upon our children, who
often are just as helpless as
are the animals that share
the world with us? This is
how I would conceive this
dominion to be. Or is it the
right to use them carelessly
and thoughtlessly, to hunt,
to torture, to mutilate, sac
rifice and do whatever we
find expedient in order to
promote our health Il Won
der how much) and our we'll
being?
If the Bible does not mean
this, then my question is:
Where, when and how did
man conceive the idea that
he has the right to do all
these things? Upon what re-
ligious philosophy or moral
grounds does he stand and
how does he justify his in
EQUITY because that is what
these activities are If meas
ured by the thoughtful and
feeling standards by which
all religions teach us to live.
In this new era that is
dawning upon us, the era
which some modern philoso-
pher has termed as the Gem
fury of the common man and
his rights" is there q hope
that man will finally achieve
his full spiritual stature and
view the animals in their
proper perspective? That is,
creatures created by the same
loving creator and therefore
endowed with rights just as
inviolable as mans own?
Mrs. Paul A. Caldwell.
\ 4 Il
I am writing to spare some
unwary soul and for those
who do not heed the Don't
feed the animals" sign. A
nondescript white dog fol-
lowed me from my bus to a
transfer point the other
morning. En- route he picked
up a discarded bag from a
arry-out shop. Hungrily he
tore the bag open and bolted
a piece of bread left in it.
Poor dog" I thought with
growing compassion and hur-
ried into a nearby drug store.
II want a sandwich for a
hungry dog out there" I said
pointing. How about q hot
dog" suggested the clerk.
Sure, fine, make it two. No
mustard or relish" THAT
will be forty cents" I planked
down the silver and hurried
outside in time to see the
dog trotting down the street.
Call that dog" I command
ed a man nearby. Obediently
he whistled, called and ca
joled. The dog walked up to
the meat and rolls and stood
there cycling it. Go on, eat
it," we urged. He Smelled
it, turned one of the hot
dogs over, smelled it again;
curled his tail over his back
and trotted back down the
street.
Ethel T. Adams.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-26
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used IT
letters carry ,Driters' correct
names and addresses. All let
tiers are subject to condensa-
ton. Those not used ,oiH be
returned only iDhen accom-
panied By self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-26
Fight, Team, But Gently

For more years than we Ike to re-
member, cheerleader exhortations to
smash 'em," "bash 'em" and Skin 'em
alive" have been as much part Of
basketball and football games as the
plays themselves. And it has seemed to
us in our old-fashioned naivete that
these outbursts, along with such spec
tator responses as yells, horns and Bronx
cheers, were not only relatively harm
less but were all part of playing to win.
Now, it turns out, this is wrong.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-26
What Tshombe Wants

A New York Times dispatch says
that diplomatic observers in Leopold
Vile, capital city of the Congo, are "be-
wildered" by recent United Nations
statement sniping at Katanga President
Noise Tshombe.
This statement, though obscure In
origin, was issued by a U. N. press
spokesman, Dix Lehmkuhl, who said it
had been approved by Robert K A.
Gardiner OF Ghana, the new U. NJ chief
OF mission. Sarcastic in tone, the state
ment suggests that Katangese forces
may be preparing for new military
action, and asks: "Are we to conclude
from these recent Incidents that Mr..
Tshombe and his colleagues do not de-
sire to settle the Katanga problem by
peaceful means? Or do these motions
constitute just another step in the
Katangese ritual dance?"
If this last question is not merely
provocative in purpose, the U. N. can
readily obtain an answer. Mr. Tshombe
is in Elizabethville, Katanga's capital,
and is planning-he Says-to confer
with Congolese Premier Adoula in Leo
poldville "as soon as have got all the
necessary guarantees for my security"
Having been double and arrested
once before by the Leopoldville auth
critics, it is not unreasonable for Mr..
Tshombe to want guarantees now. He
says that the U. N. has given assurance
that he will not be arrested by Mr..
Adoula's central government, but that
he wants similar assurance with respect
to the Leopoldville Parliament. In this,
he may or may not be sincere. But the
U. N. presumably can find out by giving
the requested assurance. And If it wants
to get on with the Adoula-T Shombe
negotiations, rather than issue shipping
statements, this is what it will do.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-26
THE RICH NATIONS AND

1HE FOOH NATIONS. BY
Barbara Ward. 159pp. wv.
w. Norton & Co.; $3.75.)
Our world today is domi-
mated by a complex and
tragic division. One part of
mankind has undergone the
revolutions of modernization
and has emerged on the other
side to a pattern of great
and increasing wealth. But
most of the rest of mankind
has yet to achieve any of
the revolutions; they are
caught off-balance before the
great movement of economic
and social momentum can
be launched. Their old tradi-
tional world is dying. The
new radical world is not yet
born. This being so, the gap
between the rich and the
poor has become inevitably
the most tragic and urgent
problem of our day."
With these words, written
with the simple eloquence
that characterizes the best
British writing. Barbara
Ward of the London Eco
nomiSt outlines the material
with which her latest book,
1.-THE Rich Nations and the
Poor Nations" is concerned.
She begins by tracing the
ideas and developments that
led to the chronological So
ciety of the West. The
counterpart of this discus
sion describes the develop
ment of non-technological
civilizations and the man
ner in which they have come
to adopt some of the aims
and fewer of the means of
the science-dominated life of
our part of the world.
1T is OBVIOUS that the
poor nations will not remain
forever so. Two chapters are
therefore devoted to develop
ment, one to its political
aspects, a second to economic
factors. There is a section
on the Communist approach
to economic development and
finally a brilliant peroration
on the need for education in
the So-called under-developed
States and the manner in
which the West must respond
to their problems.
But before these poorer ma
tons can develop. they must
accumulate or otherwise &C
quire vast capital resources.
Miss Ward points out that
there are only two sources:
Their own citizens and the
technologically developed part
of the world. If the capital
is to be found internally.
standards of living that in
many cases are at the sub
sistence level will have to be
reduced. If it is to come from
the outside world, aid pro-
grams will have to be larger
and far better organized than
they are present, and their
burden will have to be more
widely distributed among the
chronological nations.
1.-THE rhythm Of growth"
writes Miss Ward, "is not
the rhythm of annual
budgeting appropriations.
Unless the Western nations
bring themselves to accept
the need for five and ten
year programs, they will even
waste what they do spend,
for it will not be geared
into a genuine strategy of
growth"
THE Rich Nations and the
Poe Nations" is based on
lectures given for the Ca
madam Broadcasting Corpo-
ration. 1t is very simple. as
good radio talks often are.