davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-08

tration Of the country still I'M
settled, the French army and
French civil service are still i'm
portant factors. The army will
guard the French installations
provided for in the Evian treaty,
but also will help the Algerian
government If it needs support in
any civil war. 1t is no secret that
the French would prefer the mod
crate forces to remain in power.
Behind the scenes. such leaders
as Egypt's NasSer and Tunisia's
Bourguiba are working to prevent
a civil war. The big powers are
keeping q discreet silence on de-
velopments. The United States,
for instance. has recognized Alge-
rias independence, but not q gov
eminent. Washington wants to
make sure who Is ruling before
committing itself. r...
Morocco's government has
leaned toward Mr.. Ben Bella, per-
haps seeking some of Algeria's oil
rich lands.
Most likely, the National Coun-
Gil will meet soon to thrash out
the differences. But with cleo
tions due in q month, there really
is very little for any provisional
government to do. The more radi-
cal wing-especially in the army
fears that q new government
may move more slowly than Is
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-08

time between the Agriculture
office managers in two counties.
Now under suspension, the man
ayers repeatedly received $4,000
for selling allotments to farmers
since 1859. A third county man
ager was paid $500.
This budding scandal may
bloom, for the FBI Is rummaging
around Texas 20 rice-growing
counties. It came to light when
one Of the managers died and a
woman clerk in the office, refus-
ing an offer to continue the
arrangement with another county
manager, blew the whistle.
Not to be outdone, the already
involved sugar legislation wound
up the week as the foundation
for yet another investigation. In
all the furious jockeying for
emium-payment United States
sugar quotas, no fewer than Is
foreign countries had lobbyists
scrounging through the Capitol
in quest for real sugar.
They got ito the tune Of
some $500 900, according to some
estimates. President Kennedy de-
plored this mooching through
non-diplomatic circles, he made
clear at his news conference.
Quick to take up the cudgels, the
Senate Foreign Relations Com
mittee slated a year-long investi-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-08
Khrushchev:
Desires Quiet

The 14-natiOn conference on
Laos recOnvened last week in
Geneva but Immediately begged
down over the migration Of the
rival LaOtian armies.
Premier Khrushchev's "fireside
chat" last Monday followed his
recent Balkan trip to Rumania
and Bulgaria. The Communist
chief, however, did not take up q
half hour of prime Soviet tele-
vision time simply to praise his
Socialist hosts. p,
Rather, he was plainly disturbed
by the renewed tension in the
Taiwan Strait area. In many
ways, his talk followed the same
course taken by President Ken
nedy a week before.
Neither leader expressed a de-
sire for hostility in the area, and
both said they would protect their
ally in case Of an attack. The
United States is pledged to sup
port Taiwan as a result Of a 1855
mutual assistance pact. Russia
Continued on Page d.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-08
Did Not Like Pact

The more radical wing of the
Algerian coalition was not pleased
with the terms Of the Evian cease
fire, but kept public silence until
last month.
When it became clear that the
Provisional Government was plan
ming on close ties with France,
Mr.. Ben Bella set out on a speech
making tour, calling for national
ization Of industries and immedi-
ate agricultural reforms-the con-
tent Of which differed from the
more moderate promises made by
Ben Khedda to the Europeans.
In the final weeks Of June, the
Moslem leaders came to terms
with the European Secret Army
Organization (OAS). The GAS
had been vowing a fight to the
end if an amnesty was not granted
all ito members by the new Al
gerian government.
Faced with a disruptive blood
bath, the Moslem negotiators
promised amnesty in return for
an end to the terror. The agree
ment was widely hailed outside
of Algeria as an indication Of the
Algerians' desire to live in peace
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-08

brokers acting as official sales
agents for the Commodity Credit
Corporation sold to themselves
$4O0 million worth Of Govern
ment cotton at prices averaging
81 less, and ranging UP to $40 a
bale less, than established market
prices" .-..-....
Mr.. Freeman wanted to point
out that this unethical, If not
strictly illegal, dealing in surplus
cotton was perpetrated under a
Republican administration except
for the last three months. This
drew little sympathy from some
committee members who. acting as
though they had been hoodwink-
ed, apparently wondered whether
they had heard suggestion that
twoNwrongs make a right.
The Secretary was careful to
vouch for the administrations in
tentions of recouping, if possible,
the $12 to SIS million the Gov
eminent lost through the cotton
sales.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-08

Tax Puzzle

President Kennedy last week
took a wait-and-see attitude on
the advisabiIity Of q tax cut
this year despite pressures from
business and labor.
If there is anything he is not
about to be, it's stampeded. Pres
ident Kennedy let this be known
at his Thursday news conference.
Leaving a comfortable loophole,
Just in case, he informed the Ma
ton he still basically holds to his
next January schedule for general
tax reform.
Not unmindful Of growing res
tiveneSs on the part of an un-
happy business community and
employment-minded trade unions,
Mr.. Kennedy promised to keep
a sharp eye on basic indicators"
to see whether hurry-up tax
slash is warranted.
He mentioned the recent United
States Chamber of Commerce rec
ommendation for hefty, immedi-
ate cuts in both corporate and in
dividual rates. Considered revo-
lutionary by its very source, the
proposal would reduce the tax
in top-bracket incomes from 81
to IS per cent, and embraces
Continued on Page DE-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-08
NATIONAL SCENE
Summer Fare Of Politics and Scandals

CATION into these and all other
efforts Of foreign governments to
Influence United States policy"
Touching this off was the rev.
elation that agents Of the late
Dominican Republics Dictator
Trujillo attempted to influence
Representative Cooley, chairman
of the House Agriculture Com
mittee, In the quest for sugar
preferences. Mr.. Cooley emphati-
cally denied giving the Dominic
cans, or any other country, the
privilege of secret meetings.
Mr.. Kennedy is trying to get
away, by stages, from the lobby
ist-drawing premium quota sys-
tenn of sugar purchases. But there
are friendly relations to be main
tanned with Latin American mar
kets, and Friday the Senate tried
to placate three Of the more un-
happy countries, the Dominican
Republic, Argentina and Peru.
with an amendment setting aside
additional quotas for them. The
bill must go back to the House
for confirmation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-08
Not Bad People

At the conclusion of one Of
Estes most damaging days,
Chairman Mcclellan told the
agents:
"I don't believe you are bad
people," and commended them for
telling the truth as victims Of a
bigger scheme to get rich quick"
But the Agriculture Department
refused to let the men resign and
instead suspended them-appar-
emily for life.
Up to this point the witness
chair had been occupied for three
days by the man in WaShington's
hottest seat-Agriculture Secre-
tary Freeman. A great deal OF
the time was spent in jousting
with Republican Senators Mundt
of South Dakota and Curtis Of
Nebraska, old hands at inquiry.
More heat than light was gen.
Grated as Senator Mundt de-
manded to know why Secretary
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-08
THE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
Algeria: Pangs Of Independence

Algeria voted overwhelmingly
for independence on Sunday.
The freedom celebrations last
week were marred, however, by
violence in Oran and q split in
the Algerian leadership.
Shortly after 10 am. Tuesday,
Algeria became the worlds newest
nation.
At that hour the joint Algerian
European Electoral Control Com
mission announced that the Off
cial vote on Sunday showed S.
975,581 yes votes to 1884 noes
on the question: Shall Algeria
become independent in corpora
ton with France?"
A few minutes later Abderrah-
name Fares, president Of the
Transitional Executive Council,
visited Christian Fouchet, the
French High Commissioner, to tell
him the results officially. Mr..
Fouchet returned the call and de-
hvered letter from President de
Gaulle recognizing the independ-
ence Of Algeria.
This brief, highly ceremonial
exchange brought an end to 1872
years Of French domination of
Algeria. 1t ended the seven-year
war of liberation that caused so
much hardship in both Algeria
and France. And it meant that
another insecure, violently ma
tionalist nation, had entered the
world arena.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-08
THE NATIONAL SCENE

First evidence of pay-0ffs was
. uncovered in the Billie Sol Estes
hearings last week. But that was
only the centrifuge about which
events swirIed faster and faster.
Senate investigators were hard
put independence week for time
to properly observe the high prin-
ciples that attended our national
birth. The subcommittee digging
into the Billie Sol Estes mess al
most lost the headlines to john
ny come latelies smelling out
fresh scandals in such assorted
commodities as cotton, rice and
sugar.
The Billie Sol story won out in
a photo finish only because two
detected Agriculture Department
agents from Eufaula, Okla,
'fessed up they accepted 81 ,640.80
of Billie Soils pyramiding, paper
ish wealth for transferring about
$50 acres Of Mcintosh County
cotton allotments to Estes Reeves
County (Texas) stronghold.
Chairman Mcclellan Of Arkan-
sas, sometimes the Indignantly
righteous prosecutor. quietly
coaxed from these neighbor-S State
Okies regulations Of previous
affidavits denying any payments
from Estes.
They told Of accepting SIS an
acre for locating and transferring
the allotments at the behest OF
Estes agents. Estes is accused
of using illegally obtained allot-
ments for building multi-million
dollar cotton-fertilizer-grain stor-
age empire.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-08
Nature of the Problem

BY late afternoon on Tuesday
the provisional government Of
the Algerian Republic, headed by
Benyoussef Ben Khedda, arrived
in Algiers from its exile in Tu-
nisia. This touched off three
days Of exuberant celebrations.
The festive air, however, could
not cover over the dire internal
problems facing the new govern
ment from the start-problems
which developed even before AL
geria's independence.
Part Of the trouble grew out Of
the Algerian revolution itself. To
succeed, the Algerians needed an
efficient, militant underground in
the Algerian cities, and a cadre Of
army forces to harrass the French
army in the countryside. Since
Algeria is so large, the war cost
France hundreds of millions of
dollars to fight, and made it
necessary for 100000 men to be
stationed in Algeria.
The militant Algerian leaders
were symbolized by Mohammed
Ben Bella, q ruthless commando
who despises France and has been
involved In underground activity
for 20 years. He spent most of
the Algerian war in q Paris prison,
caught through q French ruse
that forced his plane to land at a
French airfield.
His Imprisonment made him q
martyr to the Algerian cause, and
his release was one Of the main
factors in the accord reached at
Evian; q small town on the
Franco-SwisS border. He would
sever all ties with France and
wants immediate socialist reform.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-08

States and in Europe that the
cliche may become a reality in
the not too distant future.
A United States Of Europe" Is
an aweSome thing to contemplate.
It would be a single country,
about the size of the United States
Of America, with a productive
capacity equal to Americas. It
would no longer be an alliance
of France, England, Italy, Ger
many and others, but a single
state with one foreign policy and
one military force.
In partnership with the United
States. this united Europe could
more than hold its own with any
Communist threat, anywhere in
the world. The United States has
been urging the establishment of
a united Europe for several years,
but such affirmation was never
stronger than President Kennedy's
Independence Day speech - an
grafton that may become known
as a Declaration of Interdepend-
ence."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-08

Freeman had ordered a study Of
his and Senator Curtis CORE
spondence with the Agriculture
Department the past 10 years.
One word led to several thousand,
none very revealing, and the out
pouring was climaxed with a de-
mand from the South Dakotan
ito put up or shut up"
Senator Mundt wound UP by
educing assurances from Mr..
Freeman that, as far as he knew,
his department had punished all
known offenders by firing three
Washington and five field en-
ployeS. He thus contributed a
bit more to Agriculture Depart
ment embarrassment when the
Oklahoma payoff was revealed a
day later.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-08
Ask Unity Talks

These two leaders met In Paris
last week to discuss a whole series
of questions. ranging from Brit
aims application for Common
Market membership to Frances
outlook on nuclear strategy.
Mr.. de Gaulle strongly believes
that a united Europe must have
as its basis a tight Franco-Ger
man alliance. His views are shared
by Mr.. Adenauer, and both men.
want to press for unity while they
are still in office.
Thus, they asked again, in their
final communique, for a meeting
of all the Market countries to dis
cuss q political federation. Bel
GUM and the Netherlands have
baked at such a meeting until
Britain's application has been
dealt with. They believe that no
agreement is meaningful without
Britain's participation.
Many observers feared that
France might try to keep Britain
out Of the Market by making
terms Of admission impossible for
Commonwealth-conscious Britain
to accept. The communique, how
ever, expressed the "hope" that
England can be admitted to the
Market.
Mr.. de Gaulle firmly believes
that any European union must
be a realistic one, taking into &C
count centuries of national ira
ditions. He is against any United
States of Europe with a suprana-
tional body debating policy. He
wants a union of states which
would decide major matters by q
unanimous vote. This view is OPP
posed by the Europeans" such
as Henri-Spaak Of Belgium. but
it is probably the only way union
can be achieved at present.
Within the month, it should be
known whether Britain and the
Market can agree on the terms
for her admission. If they can, 1t
will mean one more step on the
long road toward what once
seemed an impossible goal. -
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-08
Terror in Orrn

In addition, the situation In
Algeria was not eased by a re-
sumption Of terror in. Oran on
Thursday. Oran, q heavily Span
ish city, has the most hostile
European population in Algeria.
In the midst Of the Moslem cele-
brations, gunfire broke out, and
strained tempers on both sides
exploded. The results: Ninety-six
persons dead, about 70 Of them
Moslems.
BY the end of the week, the
situation in Algeria was far from
clear. At the end Of July elections
are scheduled for q constituent
assembly which would take power
from the provisional government.
In the coming weeks, the follow
ing forces will be controlling
Algeria's fate:
The Transitional Executive
The Evian decree provided for
this nine-man body-four Mos
lens and four Europeans, plus
President Fares-to govern Algeria
until the elections set up q per-
manent government. Because Of
the threat Of civil war, the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-08

good" for the country. Revolu-
tionaries are by nature radical,
and the threat Of a coup d'etat
is always present.
A government unfriendly to
France could cause serious COM
plications. 1t Is not known, for
instance, what France would do
If q new government contradictS
Evian and demands withdrawal
Of French forces.
The next few weeks may set
the course for the new country
for years to come.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-08
Europa:
Union Talk

President Kennedy said last
week the United States looked
forward to q time when It
could form . concrete Atlantic
partnership" with . United
Europe.
European thinkers have been
talking Of European unity" for
SO long now that 1t is almost
q cliche Of world politics. And
yet, there seems to be grow
ing feeling in both the United
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-08
Ben Bella q Leftist

Mr.. Ben Bella's views are more
radical than those Of Mr.. Ben
Khedda, who is regarded as a
moderate. They also are more
radical than those Of the pro-
Western Ferhat Abbas, the former
premier of the Algerian rebel
government. Many people believe
that Mr.. Ben Bella is the most
popular Algerian leader, but that
his views are too far to the left for
many of the Algerian leadership.
The Ben Bella-type Of national
list could fight a war. and could
provoke world opinion. But it
could never force France to sign a
cease fire. When France began to
tire Of the long, drawn out war,
a group of moderate politicians
was needed to press Algeria's case
at the conference table.
These Algerians - generally
French educated-Spoke at the
United Nations and lobbied in the
major capitals of the world. In the
end, they successfully negotiated
Algeria's freedom from France.
The Evian cease-fire accord,
signed last March, was a model
Of moderation.
It provided safe guarantees for
the large urban European popula-
tions and listed a series Of steps
leading to Algerian independence
"ir cooperation with France"
The Algerian negotiators, led by
Mr.. Ben Khedda, followed a dis
tinctly moderate course. For ex-
ample, they allowed the French to
keep certain military bases. The
agreement called for French eco
nomic assistance to Algeria, as
well as joint French-Algerian ex-
ploration companies in the OIL
rfch Sahara
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-08
Saw 'Appeosement'

The militant wing Of the Al
gerian Front, however, led by the
AIN, the Algerian army, was
angered at the "appeasement" Of
the European killers. Apparently
this split led to a series Of events
on the eve Of independence. These
were highlighted by the following
actions:
o The top leaders Of the Algerian
army, with headquarters in Char
dimaou, Tunisia, were fired by the
provisional government for "crimi-
nal activities" The leaders were
believed plotting q military coup
against the provisional govern
ment once independence was de-
creed.
As q result Of the sudden anti
army move, several regional COM
manders, especially in outlying
areas, made statements supporting
the ousted leaders, and against
the provisional government. They
made no overt military move, but
this sent waves Of fear through
out the Arab world.
Q Mr.. Ben Bella did not take
part in the celebrations in Algeria.
He went to Cairo instead to seek
support from Arab leaders. 1t
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-08
Freeman Hits Back

But ex-Marine Freeman, a
battler all the way, had not de-
parted without leaving his mark.
Studiously he had brought to
Thursdays inquisition a state
ment on the General Accounting
Offices Monday exposure of the
first of the weeks new spate of
scandals.
This, too, involved the luckless
Agriculture Department. GAO had
revealed that from 1959-61
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-08
It's Texas Again

But it didn't end there. Texas
came into the spotlight again
as the Agriculture Department
acknowledged skullduggery in the
rice fields. Again the gimmick was
the transfer Of allotmentS, this
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-08
A Full Partner

Mr.. Kennedy asserted that the
United States looked upon the
trend toward European unity
with hope and admiration" He
said that such an interdependent
Europe would be "a partner with
whom we can deal on q basis of
full equality in all the great and
burdensome tasks of building and
defending a community Of free
nations"
The President was not specific
on how this concrete Atlantic
partnership" should be worked
out. And at his press conference
on Thursday, he continued to
speak in generalities. Basically,
Mr.. Kennedy's view is that II
Europe can agree on union, the
United States will be happy to
be its partner. A united Europe,
Mr.. Kennedy told his press con-
ference, might even want to pos
seSs its own nuclear striking force.
This, he said, is not to be ruled
out as a possibility.
Presently, the United States
controls the .nuclear power of
NATO. and has refused to give
up more than symbolic control
over a few Polaris submarines,
manned by Americans. The argu-
ment has been made that NATO.
is an alliance Of Is nations-"15
fingers on the trigger rather
cumbersome directorate in case
Of war.
A united Europe, Of course,
would have only one Finger" on
the trigger. The main hub for
any united Europe undoubtedly
would be the Common Market,
dominated by Frances De Gaulle
and West Ger1nany's Adenauer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-08

was not clear whether he was
seeking to Join the mutinous
officers, but several Of them
pledged support to him.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-08

with the half million Europeans
still in Algeria.
The coastland times with which is combined the pilot and herald of Belhaven and Swan Quarter., 1962-06-01
BUTTONS INLET
WILL BE CLOSED
-ENGINEERS SAY
Ash "Wednesday Inlet To Be
Closed BY October
McDuffie Vows

The Army Corps of Engineers
announced Wednesday that it
definitely plans to close the new
Buxton Inlet by the end of Oc-
tober. The announcement came
from L. c. McDuffie, Jr., Chief
of the Engineering Division of
the Corps office in Wilmington.
The decision on the controver-
sial inlet, created by the Ash
Wednesday Storm, follows
several petitions submitted by
Outer Bankers, some favoring
and others violently opposed to
the closure of the 6OO-foot cash
across .Hatteras Island.
McDuffie stated on Wednes-
day that his office plans to
advertise in June for bids on
closing the inlet. The engineer
chief indicated that he expects
to open bids on the work in
July and hopes dredging can
start in August. Present plans
call for the closing of the inlet
by the end of October, at an es-
timated cost of $225,OOO
McDuffie noted that his off
ice was proceeding on instruc.
tions to close the inlet and die
not plan to make a study OF
whether it should be left oper
or closed. He stated that the low
bidder will have to dredge 8
three mile channel through ths
shallow, sound water to get tc
the inlet, The dredging opera.
ton is expected to take about
six weeks, he stated.
Representative Herbert Bon.
ner had announced that the inlet
would be closed about two
months ago. The announcement
was followed by a swarm ol
controversy when a petition
from residents of Buxton, Avon
Rodanthe, Waves and Salve
containing more than 300 names
was sent to Bonner and othel
state and national officials OF
April 19 asking that the inlet bt
left open.
The petition, circulated by o
See INLET, Page Six