davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-01-14
THE IRREVERSIBLE DE-
CISION: 1939-195O. BY
Robert C. Batchelder.
(Houghton Mifflin: So

Probably nothing troubles
the American conscience so
much as the national deci-
sion in l945 to explode
atomic bombs over the peo-
pie of Hiroshima and Naga-
saki - unless it is the ma
tional decision of the postwar
years to defend this country
by threatening to drop even
more nuclear weapons on
more people.
Robert C. Batchelder is a
student of Christian ethics
who has had the courage to
examine the World War II
decision in the light of ethi-
cal standards and the mill
tary and political situation
that existed then and also
to apply his findings to mod
ern defense.
His ethically and mill
tarily sound conclusion is:
Thou shalt not attack non-
combatants directly"
The Alternative
Mr.. Batchelder is con-
vinced that the bombs did
shorten World War II and
caused less loss of life and
suffering than would have
resulted from an invasion or
victory through blockade and
bombing. Nevertheless" he
says, "even within the situa-
tion as it had developed by
August, 1945, alternatives
were still such as a
demonstration of the atomic
bomb against a large mill
tary installation in Japan,
followed by a stern warn
ing which probably would
have brought about Japan'S
surrender without the great
toll of civilian lives resulting
from atomic attacks upon
two large cities"
His alternative was not
adopted, he says, because
the war had degenerated into
a struggle to achieve mill
tary rather than sound po-
litical objectives and because
even the great majority of
Christian leaders had grown
to accept the deliberat tie
Evening star., 1962-01-14

tion Of social science tech
niques; a good photography
Though this is, unfortu-
nately, scattered through the
volume); some solid though
fragmentary new informa-
ton, especially from the So
called "Vassar studies" that
are a major foundation of
the book; and provocative
intimations Of the vast work
yet to be done in this field.
Given the number of con-
tributors, the range of COW
erage and length of this
volume, it is easy to manage.
1t is frankly edited in a man
ner that makes it possible for
the reader to find and read
only what he wants or needs.
HOMER d. BABBIDGE.
Mr.. BGbbidge is Uice preSt-
dent, American Council on
Education, and former assist
ant United States commits
Sioner of education.
Evening star., 1962-01-14
Other Books of the Week in Brief Review

Co.; So Revision Of an
earlier book "Romanticism
and the Modern Ego" by
one of the best of modern
critics.
THE SELECTIVE TRAVEL
Err IN PORTUGAL. BY
Ann Bridge and Susan
Lowndes. (McGraW-Hill
Book, Inc; $7.50O A re-
viSed edition of a travel
classic. There's been moth
ing like this on Portugal
before: History, commen-
tary, practical guide to
places and really useful
maps.
Evening star., 1962-01-14

hush your mouth, this is not
the case at all.
"Spencer's Mountain" is an
unblushingly happy novel
about happy people. Its CEN
trail figure is 15-year-old Clay
Boy, the smartest boy in New
Dominion High School. But
the hero is the father Of the
flock, Clay Spencer, a cusSing,
drinking, swearing man who
loves his wife and every last
one of his nine children, who
are increased to II by the
end Of the story. Clay is sus-
tained by his dream of a house
on the mountain, the one last
little patch of high ground
not yet swallowed up by the
soapstone quarry.
Early on, it seems inevitable
that Clay will have to sell his
dream to purchase his sons
education. And that indeed
is what happens. But the
lack of surprises does not de-
stroy the enjoyment Of the
story, which is full of high
comedy and simple pathos.
Mr.. Hammer sometimes skirts
the edges Of the abyss of the
obvious or even the corny.
but he always pulls back in
time.
The charm of the story is
in the telling, in a plain,
sometimes poetic style per-
fectly adapted to the mate
rial. It's scenes of epic noun
tain meals. rowdy clan gath
erings, and earthly humor. are
laced together with true feel
ing and much appreciation
Of the old-fashioned virtues,
to which all subscribe. except
for Clay-Boy in a fling with
a forward city girl.
Evening star., 1962-01-14

remarkable war experiences
in a most engaging way.
In the foreword, Mr.. Watts
straightforwardly comedies
that most of this book is
baSically trivial" 1t is, but he
has stated it in a way that
creates the atmosphere of the
times more vividly than many
more portentous war mem
oiriStS.
Mr.. Watts has the gift Of
involving the reader in his
experiences. He makes you
understand just the way it
was on September 3, 1899,
when he woke up to hear that
war was declared and set
about trying to enlist with
actor John Mills and another
friend. Although a London
journalist IN civilian life, Mr..
Watts ended up with a
Searchlight brigade. He never
understood the Searchlight
very well, but he makes you
understand the pettiness of
Army life, which in the hands
OF a martinez can be made
lntolerable. He also makes
you see the new recruits, like
Benson, the innocent farm
boy who found Army life
more comfortable and profit
able than the world from
which he had come"
Night Club Casualty
Mr.. Watts only involve
ment in violence was basi-
cally civilian. He was bombed
in a London night club, an
experience that he has re-
created so compellingly that
no one need write it again
for some time.
In time, Mr.. Watts moves
on to army propaganda and
finally to intelligence. In the
latter phase, he takes a lead
ing role in organizing the
affair Of Monty's Double, a
hoax pulled off with typical
British care for detail.
Evening star., 1962-01-14
ELEVENTH COMMANDMENT
Thou Shalt Not Attack
Non-Combotonts

bombing of noncombatants
which postwar surveys
showed did not pay off mill
tarily, much less morally.
The War-ending bombs on
Japan shocked Christians
back into their traditional
conviction that killing non-
combatants is wrong, but
Christian and most military
leaders also were convinced
that the next war would
necessarily be a cataclysmic
orgy of civilian killing. Chris
tianS faced, but still have
not resolved, the dilemma Of
finding a national defense
and obeying the wartime
eleventh commandment.
Mr.. Batchelder concludes
on ethical grounds that until
wars and armaments can
be abolished, the national
leaders have an obligation to
strive to limit wars, most
specifically to take enemy
noncombatants off the tar
get list.
Aiming Bombs Better
What Mr.. Batchelder did
not know at the time he was
writing his book is that
American military and politi-
cal leaders have arrived at
this same conclusion-large-
ly for military reasons-and
that during the past year
they have started the pom
derous process of shifting our
strategy away from the Ger
tain city-destruction built
into American nuclear-war
plans. A year ago the plans
under all circumstances of
all-out war were to hit mill
tary targets but aim the
bombs in such a way that
the bonus effect" of mass
city destruction could also
be achieved. Military men
for military reasons and ci-
william officials in part for
ethical reasons which add up
to a fervant endorsement Of
Mr.. Batchelder's theses are
joining to reject bonus
effect"
If the war does start. this
country will at least not be
the first to break the elev-
enth commandment.
RICHARD FRYKLUND.
Evening star., 1962-01-14

Will COluplSA IlSW 6IlNl-
ronmentS ;" The volume
rests upon the assumption
that scientific study of high
er education is essential to
its reform and improvement
and its thousand-and-more
pages contain some persuasive
supporting evidence.
This is a book intended
primarily for practitioners of
higher education, but a great
deal Of it will prove interest
ing and highly informative to
the lay reader. Of especially
great interest to general
readers is the "socioanalysiS"
of the American College by
David Riesman and Christie
pher Jencks, an admittedly
impreSSioniStic but nonethe-
less stimulating discussion of
the relationship of higher
education to the larger social
setting. The editors chap
ters, too, form an intelligible,
critical introduction to the
complexities, the inertia and
the dynamics of the Nations
system" of higher education.
He concludes that it has
promised more than it can
deliver.
College and Student
One Of the freshest con-
tributions of the book. from
the point of view of both
educators and parents, is its
treatment of the subject of
matching students with COL
legeS. T. r. Mcconnell and
Paul HeiSt reflect on the vir-
tually uneXplored but OBJ
viously important mix" of
a student body and the fit"
between student and institu-
ton. There are no answers
here, but plenty of food for
thought. Parents with pre-
conceived notions of what
constitutes a good college"
will be reminded that their
child is vital element in the
mysterious chemistry of
higher education, and those
who know their child will be
encouraged to help him
choose his college, with care,
If not with complete conf
dence. Conversely, colleges
and universities are served
notice that their admissions
practices are as inadequate as
their images" are miSlead-
ing.
Relying as it does on the
newer" social sciences, this
book will seem a little thin
in its portrayal of the Ameri-
can college. It's meager his
torical and economic dimen-
sions are obvious, and readily
acknowledged by the editor.
But this only goes to support
his thesis that the need for
integrated research on higher
education is both great and
urgent.
Rewarding Book
For more professional
readers, this volume holds
many rewards. 1t offers some
good models of the applica-
Evening star., 1962-01-14

in the United States. He put
it this way in his introduc-
ton:
an 1861 the American
people awakened as neUer
before to a sober realization
of the perilS that beSet our
Nation. Early complaints
about the harsh sound of
cdndor in the place of
compldcency gaUe 1Udy to a
grim determination to do
iUhateUer had to be done to
preserUe peace and free
dOm."
For the Nations we'll
being, he had better be right
about this.
L. EDGAR PRINA.
Evening star., 1962-01-14
TO BE REVIEWED

Reviews Of the following books
will oppeor on the editorial pose
Of The Stor this week:
MoNDAY-"The Thirties," ed
tied by Don Conedon. Simon &
Schuster.)
WEDNESDAY-"From the Marco
Polo Bridge TO PeorI Horbor," by
Dovid }. Lu. Public Affairs Press
FRIDAY-"WiIderness," edited
by DoVid Brewer. (Siero cIub.)
Evening star., 1962-01-14

been accepted as the most
authoritative general his
tory of England"
STATUES OF LIMITA-
TIONS. BY Denison Hatch.
tCowar d-McCann, Inc;
$500 Mr.. Hatch's method
is the outrageous caption
under a wildly appropriate
classic statue. 1t worked
beautifully in the first VOL
ume, "Statuary Rape" is
a trifle strained in this
one.
CLASSIC, ROMANTIC AND
MODERN. BY acques
Barzun. Little, Brown and
Evening star., 1962-01-14

and now, although he had
dabbled in poetry, he turned
with a late-arrived intensity
to the writing of plays. In
1914 he studied drama un-
der Baker of Harvard, and
thereafter deluged producers
and the copyright office with
his scripts.
In 1916, in Provincetown,
R. l.. O'Neill discovered by
accident the milieu in which
he was quickly to grow into
the country's outstanding
writer for the stage-the art
lists and writer's. breaking
with the contemporary moreS
of the American theater, were
congenial, and the facilities
for producing work of in
diViduality available. Bound
East for Cardiff" almost be-
fore Eugene knew what was
happening, was read, accept
ed, cast, rehearSed, and pro-
duced, and its success was
immediate. Four years later,
ONeill was to receive the
Pulitzer Prize for Beyond
the Horizon"
He fell in love with the
mistress Of his closest friend.
John Reed, the socialist, later
the author of Ten Days That
Shook the World" The af-
fair was an unhappy one,
and in its backwash he mar
ried a young widow, Agnes
Boulton. (HiS first wife, whom
he apparently never saw after
their marriage, had divorced
him. He became reconciled
with his father, who gave
him a fine house in Province
town, shortly before he died
in 1920. 1t is at this point,
when Eugene O'Neill was 80
years old, that the first VOL
ume of Doris Alexander's BIZ
ography closes.
y u 4
Miss Alexander is not the
happiest choice of author to
tell the life of a writer. She
approaches her subject in
starry eyed hero-worship, alb
ject and total; she eschewS
references and notes, al
though time and again what
Eugene said at a later date"
invites the questions when"
and under what circum-
stances" But the most un-
fortunate aspect of the book,
the wry irony of the tale
of a great writer, is the man
ner of its telling. Here is an
excerpt showing her style in
an account of circumstances
leading up to O'Neill's mar
riage:
Then Kathleen's parents
got wind of the whole thing
and marched up to face
Mama and Papa in their hotel
rooms and demand that some
thing be dore. In a way,
this brought Papa around al
most to Eugene's side, for he
got the idea that Kathleen
Jenkins and her parents we're
simply out to hook a rich
mans son, and much as he
thought Eugene to blame,
he thought that the girl was
more than a bit to blame too,
-. out for money. Then, too,
Eugene was in such a state,
his father couldn't be too
harsh with him"
Eugene O'Neill has still to
find his biographer.
Evening star., 1962-01-14
Revising Our College
System for q New Aqe
THE AMERICAN COLLEG

THE AMERICAN COLLEGE: Psychological and Social
Interpretation of the Higher Learning. Edited by hewitt
Sanford John Wiley & Sons; $10)
Social scientists their contributions
into the affairs of Others have at long last the
tools of their analytical trade their institutions
oms and historians have lately become interested in the
phenomenon of higher education and in this impressive VOL
of social psychologists and socoogists have
undertaken to shed light what makes Joe College
and when he does They concerned with he dan
possibility that basic institutions Of education
not preparng their students to live in cope
Evening star., 1962-01-14

that respect Mr.. Tully adds
little to our knowledge. But
for the reader who has not
studied widely about United
States behind-the scenes ac-
tivities abroad this is one
way to catch up. Unfor-
tunately, such readers catch
up also with the errors that
have crept into the open lit
erature on CIA. The officials
who could correct them can
not set the record straight.
EARL III. VOSS.
Evening star., 1962-01-14
BOOKS IN REVIEW
Eugene O'NeiI|
On Stage
BY DAY THORPE
Gtar ponI rritIn

THE TEMPERING OF EUGENE ONEILL. A biography by
Doris Alexander. Harcourt, Brace and World $3.50
In THE Tempering of Eugene ONel the first half of
tWo-voume biography of the playwright the son shares
the meght with his father and to lesser degree with his
mother and brother James ONel of the most
successful actors of his day. the beloved of his public the
admiration OF his critics and colleagues During the Civil War
ne had worked in clothing store Norfolk Va after
wards in his early twenties while practcng the trade of
lAecutter in Cincinnati. he decided to become actor
Evening star., 1962-01-14
READING AND WRITING
No Southern-Fried
Move, I, This Is Gay
BY MARY McGRORY
Star Staff Writer

The early pages of SPENCER'S MOUNTAIN, by Earl
Hammer r DIAL $450) give the reader the impression
he in for the usual southernfried setting is
miserable midtown in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Noun
tans Its cast composed of the
family. The scene hunt in which tabled white
deer is slain by 15yearold boy who is thus for
life"
So the reader thinks it will be the traditional Dixeand
Evening star., 1962-01-14
A Wartime Story
EngugingIy Told

Another example of how
you don't need much of a
story if you know how to
tell it is provided by MOON
LIGHT ON A LAKE IN
BOND STREET wv. w. Nor
ton; $3.95) in which Stephen
Watts relates his quite un-
Evening star., 1962-01-14
GENERAL

THE STORY OF AMERICA
IN PICTURES. By Alan C.
Collins. doubleday & Co.;
$3.50 A new edition of a
picture book which places
emphasis on the continuity
of the story rather than the
uniqueness or excellence of
reproduction of the photo
graphs.
AMERICAN ARCHITEC-
TURE AND HER
WRITINGS. BY Montgom-
cry Schuyler. Edited by
William H. Jordy and
Ralph Coe. (Harvard Uni
versity Press, 2 vols;
$12.50D A new collection
of the writings of a turn
of the century achitec-
tural critic who was an
advocate of the progress
sive Architecture" then just
beginning to appear. He is
remembered now mostly as
the only critic of the period
who was friendly to the
young Frank Lloyd Wright.
The chapters on the sky
scrapers are the most i'm
portant, those on the
homes Of the new-rich New
Yorkers the most interest
ing.
THE FIFTEENTH CEN
TURY. By E. F. Jacob.
Vol. 6 in the oxford His
tory of England. (Oxford
University Press; So 4
former professor of modern
history at Oxford, Mr..
Jacob has written this long,
scholarly history of Lam
caStrian and Yorkist Eng
land. The London Times
has called the oxford His
tory "a series which has
Evening star., 1962-01-14
J.F. s Authorship
Gifted With CIority'
TO TURN THE TIDE.

IO TURN The TIDE. by
John F.. Kennedy. Edited
by John w. Gardner. Fore
word by Carl Sandburg.
Introduction by President
Kennedy. (Harper & Bros;
$685.
There is wide agreement
that President Kennedy is
one of the most articulate
and literate men to occupy
the White House in a long
time. While not an outstand-
ing orator. such as Franklin
Roosevelt, his major speeches
read exceptionally we'll.
Logical without being tedious,
lofty without being pompous,
they are, above all, gifted
with clarity.
In his hand-picked collec-
ton Of Kennedy addresses
and statements made from
January through September,
1861, John w. Gardner has
not merely skinned the best
remembered words. His OBJ
ject in To Turn the Tide was
to select those which provide
a guide to the goals of the
Presidents first legislative
year.
The Main Thrust
How well Mr.. Gardner has
succeeded is for the individ-
ual reader to decide. But he
has one important person
on his side. In an introduc-
ton to the volume, Mr..
Kennedy declared that "in
my judgment he has captured
the main thrust of our efforts
at home and abroad"
The Presidents main con-
Germ has been the life-and-
death problems in the
foreign-affairs area, particu-
larly since his furry of action
against the recession in his
first months in office. This
division of concern is re-
flected in the speeches edited
by Mr.. Gardner.
The first year Of a Presi-
dents term is often the most
important insofar as his pub
lie utterances are concerned.
There is the new challenge,
the flow of new ideas and
plans and the bright goals to
be set forth. And while Mr..
Kennedy has many more
eloquent words still unsaid,
this is likely to be the case
with him.
1t is, therefore, a happy
thing that someone of Mr..
Gardner's acknowledged
skill has distilled from the
torrent of a new Presidents
words the most important
from what may be his rich
est, most productive period.
The sound of words, of
course, is not of paramount
Importance, although it can
give them greater or lesser
persuasive quality. The &C
ton taken and the progress
made in tire wake of the dec
larationS are what most cit
izens are concerned about.
"The Awakening"
Mr.. Kennedy has not at
tained every goal, made good
on every promise or perhaps
even held his own IN every
area. But he may be permit
ted the satisfaction he has
taken over the assertion that
his words have helped convey
and create an awakening"
Evening star., 1962-01-14

"Let every nation know,
whether it wishes US we'll
or ill., thot we shall pay
any price, bear any burden,
meet any hardship, sup
port any friend, oppose any
foe to assure the survival
and the success of liberty"
President Kennedy
in his Inaugural
Address.
Navajo times., 1962-05-02
Good News For Fishermen:
Pike Planted Al vu|Iecito

DURANGO--Six hundred pounds
OF Walleye pike. a total of 48fish,
were stocked in Vallecito reser-
Voir Tuesday night, according 70
Conservation Officer Enrol Ryland
of the State Department of Game
and Fish.
The pike averaged p pounds
each, but some weighed as much
as 10 pounds, Ryland said. They
we're 10 to "a inches long.
The pike we're brought to VAL
lecito from Bonny Reservoir near
Wray, in eastern Colorado, where
they were taken during spawning
operations.
We've planted small pike in
Vallecito before, but they didn't
take" Ryland said. "We hope that
these big ones will get a foothold
in Vallecito." Pike are a predator
fish and could help to cut down the
sucker population in Vallecito.
The truckload of pike arrived
here at midnight. following an all
day trip from Wray. They were
planted in Vallecito a S soon as they
arrived.
Two other paintings of trout
Navajo times., 1962-05-02

were made Tuesday. Ryland said.
ValleCito was stocked with 100, 500
German Browns, averaging about
two inches. And 500 pounds of
Rainbow, about 2, 500 fish, wereput
in the Pine river between Bayfield,
and Vallecito. The Rainbow aver
aged 8 to 10 inches in length,
Ryland said.
The Piedra river was also
stocked with about $500 Rainbow
about two days ago.
Ryland reported that Haviland
lake. north of Durango, is winter
killed.
'We don't know yet to what
degree the lake was winter killed."
he reported, ''and there are un-
doubtedly some game fish left, but
the fishing there will be poor the
rest of the sea son."
Navajo times., 1962-05-02
.ZAkI 30

BY BOB BREWSTER
Outdoor Editor, -
Mercury Outb0ards

It's old hat The story about
the typical fisherman who
swings his fishing rod like a
sickle, moving down those near
him and throwing lures all over
the north 40, yet catching bass.
It's old hat, and more often
than not false.
Ask anyone who consistently
catches bass. and he'll like as
not tell you that the more inn
portant skill in his repertory
is accuracy, the ability to drop
q half-Ounce lure on a target
no larger than a foot square
anywhere up to 5000 feet away.
1t hinges on the fact that an
old mOssback bass is a mighty
particular animal. He's not
smart, because his brain is only
IA knot to hold his spinal cord
from unraveling. But he's got
reflexes that just won't quit.
When a natural-lOOking lure
lands right in front of his nose,
as if it just fell out of the
tree that shades him, floats
there until the ripples disappear
and then gives a lifelike twitch,
the chances are good he'll
charge into it, madder than a
wet hen.
But splash around recklessly,
cast amateurishly SO the lure
shoots high into the air and
falls like a cannonball into the
water. and you have one fright
ened bass on your hands.
No doubt this is the reason
why SO many fishermen these
days are using light canoes or
cartop boats, pOwering them
with featherweight Mere so
and gliding around as silently
as an Indian on the prOwl,
searching for bass i'm quiet little
cOves and protected bays.
1t is in spots such as this
that accuracy pays off SO well,
for it is there that an expert
fisherman can pin point his
casts. dropping lures right next
to weed bed, just over fallen
tree into a calm spot, or next
to a stump that could give
cover to a lunker largemouth.
Which is old hat too. But
it works,
Navajo times., 1962-05-02

This automation we hear
so much about these days is
something that gets all the
work done while you just sit
there. When you were young
er this process was called
Mother" - Richard Mayer,
Jr., North Vernon lind Sun.
president Kennedy seems
determined to give out some
relief whether it is needed,
wanted or not. Seems to me
like waking a patient to give
him a sleeping pill. Char
ence Frost, Hobart (Okla.)
Star Review.
Navajo times., 1962-05-02
PROPOSED BUDGET

The Administration Division,
with the assistance of Division
Directors and Department heads.
presented the Navajo Tribal budget
to the Budget and Finance Com
mittee. The Budget and Finance
Committee is Recommending to you
proposed budget of $2O.8 $40, ,782
for Fiscal Year 1868 which is
$5,848, 238 less than our budget
for Fiscal Year 1862.
Of the $26, ,689, ,O12 in our Tribal
budget for 1862, we have expended
or obligated SIC, ,243, ,675 as Of
March q of this year.
The Budget and Finance Com
mittee is recon mending the use of
unexpended appropriated funds for