davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-24
q Proclamation Defines
4 Prohibited MoterieI

Estates for appropriate DISPOSE
ton"
The Presidents proclamation
defined prohibited materiel as
surface = to surface missiles;
bomber aircraft; bombs; air-to-
surface rockets and guided mis-
siles; warheads for any Of the
above weapons: mechanical or
electronic equipment to support
bor operate the above items;
and any other classes Of mate
riel hereafter designated by the
Secretary of Defense for the
purpose of effectuating this
proclamation"
The President kept his sched-
ule today clear of any meetings
Except those concerned with
the efforts to halt what he
called the building up by "the
fSino- Soviet powers of an often
sive military capability in Cuba,
Including bases for ballistic mis-
siles with a potential covering
most of North and South Amer
ica."
He met at 10 am. with a
group of u key advisers desig-
mated as the executive commit
tee Of the National Security
Council. And he called Demo-
cratic and Republican congress
sional leaders to a 5 pm. meet
ing at the White House to re-
view developments at the end
of what may go down in history
as a most eventful day.
Sent in 5 Minutes
The Presidents proclamation
was sent to ships at sea and
armed forces headquarters in
volved in enforcing the quar-
antine within five minutes after
it was signed last night.
And just as quickly. instruc-
tons went to American Am
bassador Foy Kohler in Moscow
to deliver a copy of the proc
lamation to the Soviet Foreign
Office. And a copy was delivered
here to Soviet Ambassador
Anatoli Dobrynin.
Officials said similar notices
went to all world capitals and
that the Voice of America was
broadcasting the proclamation
throughout the world.
Avoids Blockade"
The Presidents proclamation
avoided the use of the word
blockade" which generally is
associated with a state of war.
Instead, it used the word
"interdict," which is defined in
Webster's New international
Dictionary as to forbid or pro-
hibit. 1t also spoke of measures
to prevent" delivery of often
sive arms to Cuba.
Officials insisted that the
United States is not In a state
of war with Cuba-or Russia.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-24
.PENTAGoN
Peril to Guantanamo
Seen Unlikely Now

to use any force necessary to
carry out the quarantine.
He said there were about Is
Soviet ships heading toward
Cuba now. about 10 or IL in
Cuban ports and another Is
are moving away"
The Soviet ships are merch-
ant vessels and are not travelling
in convoy, according to the De-
tense Secretary. 1t is more as
If they were moving in a stream
toward the island at varying
distances of separation, he
said.
at is a fair assumption that
some of the vessels are carry
ing offensive weapons to Cuba. +"
he continued.
Asked if any Of the Red ships
were escorted by Soviet naval
vessels or by submarines, Mr..
McNamara said he would not
disclose American knowledge
of the movements of Russian
ships.
In addition to the Is Russian
merchant ships Cuba bound,
the secretary said there are a
substantial number of other
ships under other flags en- route
to the island.
Vessels Warned
A Navy message radioed to
ships at sea, warned that
blockade operations - and
possible reactions by the
Communists - may make
Windward Passage, Yucatan
Channel and Florida Straits
dangerous waters"
Ships were advised to use the
Mona Passage between Puerto
Rico and the Dominican Re-
public instead of the Windwaro
Passage between Eastern Cuba
and Haiti. They also were
told to stay close to the Florida
Keys while passing through the
straits of Florida, and to hug
the Coast of Mexico's Yucatar
Peninsula while steamine
Strough Yucatan Channel.
/ Mr.. Mcnamara said he knew
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-24
POLICY
Continued From Page AL

Continued From Page Al
and associated material to
Cuba"
Officials explained that the
10 am. deadline was set so as
tuxive time for formally notify
ing countries whose shipping
nay be affected so they can
take steps to comply with the
older. The Navy Immediately
radioed q warning to all ships
that the seas around Cuba may
become dangerous. a
sAinerican forces were directed
tD use whatever force is neces-
sar2 to carry out the presi-
dential orders.
"Any vessel or craft which
falls or refuses to respond to
og comply with directions shall
III subject to being taken into
custody" the proclamation de-
dared.
kIt added:
"In carrying out this order,
force shall not be used except
i'll case of failure or refusal to
COMPLY with directions, or with
regdlations or directives Of the
SECRETARY of Defense issued
Hereunder, after reasonable eff
fbrts have been made to COM
diunicate them to the vessel or
craft, or In case of self-defense.
d any case, force shall be used
only to the extent necessary.
Directs Measures
EThe Presidents proclamation
directed the Secretary of De-
fense to "take appropriate
measures to prevent the de-
livery of prohibited material to
cuba, employing the land, sea
ahd air forces of the United
States in cooperation with any
forces that may be made avail
Able by other American States"
"Any vessel or craft which
nay be proceeding towards
cuba" it added, may be inter-
Sented and NAV be directed to
IDENTIFY itself. its cargo, equip
Isaent and stores and its ports
Of call, to stop, to lie to. to
submit to visit and search. or
to proceed as directed.
k"Any vessel or craft which
fails or refuses to respond to
II comply with directions shall
Ke subject to being taken into
custody. Any vessel or craft
which it is believed is en- route
d Cuba and may be carrying
prohibited materiel or may it
Self constitute such materiel
hall, wherever possible, be d.
fected to proceed to another
destination of its own choice
and shall be taken into custody
II 1t fails or refuses to obey
Mch directions. All vessels or
craft taken into custody shall
be sent into a port of the United
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-24
Continued From Page Al

Continued From Page Al
States quarantine of Cuba. He
called the organizations inter-
American defense pact a scrap
of paper only valid for those
following in the flock of i'm
perialism."
Mr.. Castro, who had mobil-
lied Cuba's military forces
right after Mr.. Kennedy's
blockade announcement, was
80 minutes late for his ad-
dress.
President Osvaldo Dorticos
dressed in a militiaman's uni
form, and other high govern
ment officials sat in the studio
as an announcer introduced
Mr.. Castro. The announcer
said the Prime Minister was
speaking "at a particularly del
icate moment in.the history Of
the world"
Mr.. Castro quickly empha.
sized he would tolerate no out
side interference on the ques.
ton of arming Cuba and i'm.
piled it was the United States
that had forced him to arm
I'VE will acquire the arms
we feel like acquiring" Mr.
Castro said, land we don't have
to give an accounting to the
imperialists. Cuba has the
fright to arm itself and defend
itself, and we have had to de
so: What would have occurred
if we had not been armed al
the time of Giron Beach,"
This was a reference to the
invasion of the Bay of Pigs by
a force of United States-backec
Cuban exiles in April, 1861.
Henry Morgan Recalled
Likening Mr.. Kennedy's
blockade to the tactics of Henry
Morgan. the 18th century pirate
who operated in the Caribbean
Mr.. Castro asserted:
This is an act which very
soon will have repercussions in
all the nations. It is a viola
ton of the sovereign rights Of
our country and of all peoples. ,
Mr.. Castro's voice rose to 9
shout as he declared the United
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-24
.PENTAeoN
continued From Page al

Continued From rage Al
vice Admiral Alfred Ward
commander of the I'd Fleet.
Mr.. Mcnamara said the
5ntted States forces assigned tc
Rai off Cuba from further ship
Mehts of Soviet offensive weap-
ons have been designated Task
Force 1856.
: He would not disclose the
lumber of men or ships en-
Gagged in forging the ring
around Cuba but said Task
Force 1856 consists of carriers
cruisers, submarines and other
major naval units.
& Aircraft from East Coast and
Gulf Coast bases also are or
search missions over the At
hntic to help surface vessels
With the Job of intercepting al
ahibs of any nation that may
be on a course to the island.
The Defense Secretary also
disclosed that orders to begir
Enforcing the quarantine were
dent to fleet units at ITO las
might've minutes after MIR
Kennedy signed the proclama'
ion to interdict delivery OF. Of
tensive weapons to Cuba. Fol
hcurity reasons, the task force
orders will not be made public
1 Defense spokesman said.
{ Will Apply Force
The essence of the orders. MI
Mcnamara said, is that Amer
scah warships will communicate
with Soviet or other vessel
they encounter on the higl
seas bound for Cuba and re
quest them to stop to accept in
spection and search.
IF they do not heed the re
quest, force will be applied,
he said.
He said the orders were tina
d minimum amount of fore
With a minimum amount Q
damage to vessels and personne
be applied, but that the navs
commanders have the authorit
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-24

States will not stop at q block
ade and declared:
Cuba will not be an easy
victim. We will know how to
defend ourselves. We have
taken the measures to resist
and repulse any aggression
from the United States. Listen
to me well!"
MIR. Castro spurned the United
States plan before the U. N.
Security Council to send U. N.
observers to see that Cuba
complies with Mr.. Kennedy's
demand that Soviet offensive
weapons be dismantled and
removed.
1--WE reject all types Of in
vestigations, no matter where
they come FROM" Mr.. Castro
said. Cuba is not the Congo.
We will not diSarm."
Only once did Mr.. Castro
mention the Soviet Union,
which warned the United States
against the blockade, alerted
its armed forces and, in the
past, has threatened to defend
Cuba with its rockets should
the United States attempt an
invasion.
Attitude Called Lesson
Without elaboration. Mr..
Castro said the serene atti-
tude" of the Soviet Union
should be a lesson to the i'm
peralists.
Mr.. Castro said the Cuban
people were not worried by Mr..
Kennedy's warnings. This ap-
parently referred to Mr.. Ken
nedy's statement on the haz-
ards to, Cuba should offensive
military preparations continue.
However, there was a rush on
food shops by housewives ap-
parently fearful of new short
ages. There was a brisk sale of
candles, useful in blackouts
and power failures.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-24

of no new or immediate menact
to the American base at Guam
tanamo Bay. Cuba.
He listed four categories O.
missiles or missile sites tina
have been detected in Cuba
These are:
/. Surface : to = air limited
range missiles. probably for ali
defense.
2. Sea surface to surface
missiles, mounted on patro.
boats.
| 8. Mobile medium range bal
IIistic missiles, with a range Of
100 miles, the presence Of
which precipitated the Cubar
crisis when American recon-
Nuisance planes photographed
the sites.
4. intermediate range ballis-
tic sites now building but prob
ably not ready for operations
These missiles, when opera
tional, have a range of more
than 1000 miles.
Asked if any Of the Soviet
missiles in Cuba could be
launched at the United States
now, Mr.. Mcnamara replied:
at is fair to assume that GER
tain systems are operational
now. t-
I'VE have identified systems
that can only operate with nu-
clear warheads. Therefore, we
assume that the nuclear war
heads are there"
Ready for Red Planes
A reporter asked what woult
be done to neutralize the mis-.
sile sites already located ant
identified through the aerial
photos.
Further action would be
taken" said Mr.. Mcnamara
without celebrating.
He was asked about the pos
sibility of Russian planes or
submarines carrying offensive
weapons to Cuba.
1--WE have issued instructions
about Soviet planes but I can't
discuss them" Mr.. Mcnamara
said. He also declined to de-
scribe methods to be used II
Red submarines are encoun-
tered in the blockade area.
He also said, in answer to a
question, that the quarantine
order does not prohibit Russian
personnel from proceeding to
Cuba.
There are no plans now, be-
You'd contingency plans long in
effect, to disperse American
military headquarters. Mr.. Nc
Namara said. He also said
there was no move afoot to re-
strict dependents of American
servicemen in other world trou-
BILE spots. such as Berlin.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-24
Too Drastic

Some observers viewed the
small nation action as a sign
that the United States might
not get the support it hopes
for if it takes its case to the
109-nation General Assembly
Many nations which strongly
oppose both Cuba and the So
Wet Union feel a blockade is
too drastic a move and risks
a head-on collision between
the United States and Russia.
Council debate started yes
terday with an exchange OF
recrininations between tn c
United States, Cuba and the
Soviet Union.
United States Delegate Adlai
Stevenson urged the l1-nation
body to act at once before the
Soviets swallow up the world
piecemeal.
Mr.. Stevenson charged that
the flow of Soviet missiles and
other offensive weapons into
Cuba is a grave threat to
the Western hemisphere and
the peace Of the World"
Will Meet Aggression
He said the United States is
prepared to meet aggression
with resistance and force with
force"
Soviet Deputy Foreign Min
lister Valerian Zorin countereC
that the United States block
ade is a reckless act which
brings the world to the brinl
of nuclear war.
Mr.. Zorin branded as "com
pletely false" United State.
charges that the Soviet Uniol
has based offensive missiles il
Cuba.
Cuban Ambassador Marie
Garcia Inchaustegui demand
ed that the United States cal
off it's blockade of his nation.
I'VE ask for the immediate
withdrawal Of all ships ant
planes sent toward us VI
ask for a cessation of all inter
ventionist measures" Mr.. Gar
cha declared.
The United States introduced
a resolution demanding thai
the Council order the Soviet
Union to pull out all offensive
weapons it has sent to Cuba
The proposal Is believed Il
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-24

have the seven votes needed to
pass the Council, but it is GER
tain to run into q Soviet veto
The Russians put in a counter
resolution calling on the
United States to end the block
ade and start talks with the
Soviet Union and Cuba tc
"normalize the situation" and
remove the threat Of war;"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-24

Harvard LANCE called the
United States blockade "very
far-reaching In a situation
where there is no war between
Cuba and the United States"
Swedish Papers Critical
In Sweden, many newspapers
we're critical of the American
move. Said the liberal Elk
.pressen:
by resorting to a blockade
against a free and independ-
ent nation, Kennedy has placed
United States power interests
above the principles Of freedom
and independence Of nations"
In Denmark, Copenhagen's
liberal Politiken said the Amer
lean blockade could lead to q
chain reaction.
Both sides have reSorted TO
dangerous expedients," it
warned.
Irish newspapers predicted
that Mr.. Kennedy's measures
against Cuba almost certainly
will bring Soviet reprisals,
probably in Berlin.
In Belgrade, President Tito
said a way out Of the Cuban
situation "can be found only
in searching settlements by
peaceful means and not by
resting on force" He called
for q solution through the
United Nations.
The official Chinese Com
munist Peoples Daily threw
Red China's support behind
the Communist powers in the
Cuban crisis, declaring that
China's $50 million people
"have always stood stanchly
on the side Of the Cuban
people"
Political Motive Seen
In Cairo, the authoritative
Daily AL Ahram suggested Mr..
Kennedy's move, was meant for
internal consumption-with an
eye on congressional elections.
The World Council Of
Churches in Geneva expressed
grave concern and regret over
the blockade. A statement
signed by its chairman, DR..
Franklin Clark Fry of New
York; vice chairman, DR.. Ernest
A. Payne of London and general
secretary, w. A. Visser't Hooft,
Geneva, said the organization
is opposed to "unilateral mill
tary action"
In Wales, two student teach
ers went on a hunger strike to
protest the blockade.
British philosopher and 1lu-
clear disarmer Lord Bertrand
Russell fired off kilograms to
Washington and Moscow, tell
ing Mr.. Kennedy civilized man
condemns" his action and ad-
vising Mr.. Khrushchev to use
caution.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-24
Soviets Return Copy
Of Blockade Notice

Pictures in the papers showed
various factory organizations
gathered with banners saying
hands off Cuba"
Pravda, the Soviet Commun-
list Party organ. laid in an edi-
torial that the United States
has assumed the ''role If the
worlds policeman" end is spin
ming provocative webs around
Cuba"
1.-THE latest actions Of the
United States administration, .
the paper wrote. "are the logi-
cal contamination of this crimi-
nal plan which the Kennedy
government inherited from the
Eisenhower administration and
which was supplemented at the
EPentagon's bidding.
"COwardIy Beasts"
"Such actions constitute a
direct resurgency Of piracy and
international brigandage man
kind hoped to have parted with
forever after sentencing at
Nuremberg and Tokyo the main
war criminals who were respon-
sible for unleashing World War
III for the crimes perpetrated
against peace and humanity"
Unlike the somewhat re-
strained wordage In the Soviet
government declaration yester-
day, Pravda spilled out its
firiest words. ..-.
1.-THE American ruling quar-
tiers are acting like cowardly
beasts" said the front-page
editorial. ".Ihey know that
peace-loving peoples will brand
them with ignominy and there
fore are lying and lodging.
President Kennedy'S sound and
television broadcast was sheer
falsehood and hypocrisy"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-24
Turks Halt Leaves

ISTANBUL, Turkey. Oct. "a
(AP).-The Turkish army was
reported today to have Cancelled
all leaves for units in the East
ern sector, along the border
with the Soviet Union.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-24
u. N.

Continued From Page Al
would pay any attention to an
appeal addressed only to it
But the group-made up of ma
tons from Africa, Asia, Europe
and Latin America-was hope
full that a general appeal to the
United States, the Soviet Union
and Cuba might ease the situa-
ton.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-24
INVASION
Continued From Page Al

NUAAtAAAuCu EIVm age M
sitions at Guantanamo Bay,
available in the present crisis.
The need for Marine expedi-
tionary units in a naval
blockade has not been made
clear by the Pentagon. In ad-
dition, reports of large-scale
troop movements persist from
such widely scattered military
bases as Fort Meade, Md; the
Florida Keys and Camp Pen
dleton, Calf, headquarters Of
the LIST Marine Division.
GAS Resolution Cited
Another clear hint that more
drastic action is being contem-
plated came in a resolution
adopted by the Organization Of
American States yesterday.
The GAS called on all Amer
lean republics to take whatever
individual and collective action
deemed necessary Ito prevent
the missiles in Cuba with Of
fensive capability from ever be-
coming an active threat to the
peace and security of the con-
tinent" as well as to stop the
flow of offensive weapons from
the Soviet to Cuba.
American officials chung tc
a slim hope that diplomatic
action, particularly through the
United Nations, might lead tt
dismantling Of the threatening
Soviet bases in Cuba without
an invasion of the island be.
coming necessary.
Senator Russell, one Of the
most influential Democrats ir
the Senate, is understood tt
have made a forceful argument
at the White House Monday
that invasion would be more
effective than blockade as the
initial step, if it has to be done
eventually.
Backed Up President
Senator Russell declined to.
day to discuss these reports
but from other sources it wa!
learned he made his position
clear at the White House.
Once the decision wa!
REACHED, however, to proceed
with the blockade was thu
initial step, Senator Russell anc
all the congressional leaders
backed up the Presidents de-
cision.
Some of them took the view
today that the President'l
speech to the Nation left NJ
doubt that the United Statei
intends to do what is necessary
to eliminate this missile threa
to the Western Hemisphere.
One of them said no tim
limit was put on the diplomatic
efforts that are being mace
through the U. N. to have th'
missile bases removed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-24
Major European Allies
Back Actions on Cubo

LONDON Oct. "a (AP) .-America's major NATo allies
lined up today behind President Kennedy Cuban blockade
Scattered demonstrations expressions Of misgng mean
while underlined the of millions waiting tense for
the next ~ - II.
Britain West Germany and italy backed the American
stand There was no official the French position but
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-24

ETCSlQCIlb 1ACLl1ICAy o. 0ANoo05S
supporting his actions in the
Cuban crisis and predicting the
Soviet Union will not go to war.
British Foreign Secretary
Lord Home, calling the situa-
ton "tense and raw" said Brit
ain will support the United
Nations $50 as to try to bring
the danger of this particular
area under control"
Adenauer Backs Move
Chancellor Konrad Adenauer
of West Germany went even
further. He said his country is
ready to share all risks arising
out of the United States stand.
"The situation is grave and
there could be repercussions in
Berlin" he added.
italian Premier Amintore
Fanfani told Parliament: ITALY
cannot but offer its solidarity
to the United States"
At the same time, he indi-
Gated Italy pins its hopes on
the United Nations to ease the
crisis. AS Mr.. Fanfani spoke,
left and right-wing deputies
roared at each other across the
chamber and all but came to
blows.
Hundreds paraded in Rome
yesterday shouting pro-Ken-
needy slogans, while 5000
marched in industrial Milan
protesting the blockade.
In London, 1000 demonstra-
tors stormed the United States
Embassy last night screaming
Hands Off Cuba, ""Viva'Fidel, I"
and Kennedy to He'll" They
were beaten back by police on
the steps of the building. More
than 100 were arrested.
In Oslo. 80 members Of a
Ileft-wing Socialist student group
staged a silent demonstration
in front Of the United States
Embassy. They carried posters
reading Hands Off Cuba"
In Ottawa, IS STUD ents
marched in front Of the So
Wet Embassy chanting Cuba
81, Russia No."
Moscow Demonstration
About 100 sign-carrying Rus
sian youths staged a 75-min-
ute demonstration outside the
United States Embassy in Mos
COW to protest the American
actions.
Police dispersed the demon
strators, who were mostly OF
high school and grade school
age.
Later, another group Of stu
dents marched on the Embassy,
and their ranks Swelled to
about 500.
Squads Of police rushed up
but the demonstrators broke
through their lines at one point
and surged UP to the gates OF
the Embassy.
A couple of youths threw bot
ties of purple ink at the yellow
facade of the nine-story build
ing which stands within sight
of the Soviet Foreign Ministry.
No windows were broken.
The police, shouting "po do
nam" Ego home), finally herd
ed the crowd back to the center
of Tschaikovsky boulevard. The
demonstrators stood in the cold,
whistling in deriSion and chant
ing slogans under the watchful
eyes of the police.
Embassy officials had feared
the demonstration would swell
into a violent outburst by thou
sands, as has occurred before.
They battened down the lower
floors of the nine-story build
ing and moved all employees to
upper floors.
With unanimous voice the
Soviet press condemned the
United States move and warned
that America is playing with
fire.
American forces throughout
Europe were on the alert, and
the United States nuclear sub
marine depot ship Proteus
slipped out of its Holy Loeb
base in Scotland for a secret
destination.
Norway's Foreign Minister