davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-19

ton, to relieve Catholic par
ents from the burden of sup
porting parochial schools, and
to permit schools receiving
Federal and State funds to be
controlled by the people who
pay for their support, why
not ask Congress and State
authorities to provide funds
for the purchase of all Cath
Ollie school bull din G S
throughout the United
States? Then let the local
vernm e n is bring these
schools into the public school
system with public school
teachers, textbooks, and cur
riculums. With the money
received, the Catholic Church
could set up additional pro-
grams of religious instruc-
lions in their churches on
Saturday and Sunday, thus
permitting Catholic children
to receive their religious in
structions in church and their
secular education in public
schools, as do most American
children.
T,aSfar T, Kimhle
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-19
In Lieu of Death Penalty

Senator Morse has proposed, as a
substitute for execution, that life i'm
prisonment without possibility of parole
be made the maximum penalty for what
are now capital offenses in the District.
There is much to be said for this pro-
posal.
The death penalty is opposed by
different people for different reasons.
From the standpoint of effective law
enforcement, however, a major consid-
Grafton is that juries seem increasingly
reluctant to return verdictS which can be
expected to result in death sentences.
It is possible that provisions for life SEN
fences, without parole, might be an an
swer to this problem. A life sentence
would also make it possible, through
exercise of the Presidents pardoning
power, to rectify those rare miscarriages
of Justice in which an innocent person
is found guilty of capital offenSe.
One objection to be anticipated is
that a sentence to life imprisonment all
too often has meant something less than
that. For one reason or another the
criminal has been released after serving
a term of years, and the effect of this
may be to cancel out the protection
to which the public is entitled. Under
the Morse proposal, however, a life
sentence would mean life sentence,
and unless there is some valid objection
which does not appear on the face of
the matter his amendment merits
serious consideration when the Senate
this week takes up a House bill to mod
ify the Districts mandatory death pen
atty law.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-19

@. In United States Gov
ernment-graded butter, what
is the difference between
Grades A and B?-F.
A. Highest quality butter,
made from high-quality fresh
sweet cream, is United States
Grade AA, and next below
this comes Grade A, also
made from fresh cream. Grade
B is usually manufactured
from selected sour cream. It
is described as readily &C
ceptable to many consumers
though it lacks the fine fresh
flavor of the two top grades"
Q. Why does building a
fire against a big rock some
times crack it?-K. N.
A. If a rock is heated very
hot and then cooled quickly,
it may break 'or crack. Rocks
are poor conductors e heat,
and the heated or coolet lay
erS expand and CON-" -"
different rates, res-4.A
breaks or cracks. A big rock
can sometimes be broken into
pieces by keeping a fire burn
ing against it all around it
until it is very hot, and then
throwing a. stream of very
cold water on the rock.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-19
THE PASSING SCENE
By WILLIAM S. WHITE
Where Politics Is Out of Bounds

Mr.. Kennedy's panied re-
Spouse was to point out that
the Republicans in Congress
have been kept intimately
abreast of everything being
done in South Wet Nam.
This was unhesitatingly con-
firmed by the Republican
Senate Leader, Senator Ever
EFT Dirksen of Illinois.
In California, Mr.. Nixon
wholly repudiated the COM
mittee's action, saying: II
don't agree at all with any
partisan or other criticism
of the United States buildup
in South Wet Nam. I
support President Kennedy to
the hilt, and I only hope he
will step up the buildup and
under no circumstances cur
tail it because of possible
criticism"
All this suggests that both
national committees may at
last be required to mind their
own normal partisan business
and get out of foreign affairs
which is the business of all
the country and of neither
party.
Interference Always
Such an outcome. if it is
not too much to hope for,
would be a very good thing.
Interference in delicate and
dangerous foreign crises by
any national committee, any
time, is automatically bad for
these reasons: Neither COM
mittee really knows what it
is talking about in this area.
Neither bears the slightest
public responsibility. Either is
thus quite capable of injuring
the country - and its own
party, for that matter.
Only the men elected by
the people have a constitu-
tional duty-and a constitu-
tional responsibility-in these
life-and-death matters. And
whichever set of elected Off
Gals happens to be in the
minority - in this case. the
congressional Republicans -
is entirely capable OF looking
after itself and the legitimate
interests of its party.
Our system opens every
issue but one to every form
of partisan politicking. That
one, national security, is and
always was out of bounds to
mere political party COM
mitteeS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-19
Premature

Delegate Blair Lee III of Montgom-
cry County is justified in opposing at
this time resolution which would put
the Maryland Legislature on record in
favor of building high-level dam on
the Potomac at River Bend. AS he says,
the resolution is completely prema-
ture"
Certainly Maryland is under no
compelling pressure to take such an
action now, and it is surprising that
the resolution has gained support from
the powerful Legislative Council of the
State. The controversial River Bend
proposal is only one Of several possible
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-19
A BOOK FOR TODAY
Landmarks of FotefuI Year Revisited
By DONALD MINTZ

that so-called progress does
in fact bring undesirable
change along with it. This
is only sensible, and Ameri-
ca has never taken the les
son as seriously as it should.
But there are times when
this objective. historical
thought is pushed out by
what seems a querulouS
search for a past that never
was. And often these out
bursts are almost Immediate
ly forgotten and contradicted.
We are informed, for ex-
ample that when people
found their problems too
difficult, they turned to some
paternal power, like govern
ment or mass opinion. If
this is so, then the growth
of big government is prima-
rily the result of emotional
immaturity.
But a few pages later we
are told that it is a weak
ness in American democracy
when it is possible for a
Senator from Wisconsin and
a governor from Arkansas to
Subvert American national
policies and impair good will
for America in every foreign
country" This statement and
more particularly the indirect
reference to Governor Fau-
bus, is hard to interpret other
than as a plea for more Fed
eral power for reasons that
have very little to do with
maturity or the lack of it.
Mr.. Valentine believes that
the basic question of 1918
that asked whether a large
democracy, immersed in in
dustrial growth could de-
velop a culture that would
lift its people above vulgar
ity, scientific materialism,
and economic determinism"
is essentially the basic ques-
ton of today. 1t is hard to
disagree. The book is in
many ways a fine one, and
it is too bad that it is flawed
by flashes of thoughtlesS hos
tility that result in such
things as the implication that
scientific materialism" has
more to do with vulgarity
than with physics.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-19

For the first time. there
are encouraging signs that
the amateur secretaries Of
state in our two national po-
litical committees may be
persuaded to quit laundering
about in critical foreign pol
icy matters.
During the Eisenhower ad-
ministration the Democratic
National Committee had the
bad habit of irresponsibly
popping off now and again
about the international moves
of a Republican-led govern
ment in a very dangerous
world, The elected Democratic
leadership in Congress-with
which Mr.. Eisenhower was
fully cooperating all the
while - never liked this. but
was never able to stop it.
During the present Demo-
cratic-led government, in an
even more dangerous world,
the Republican National
Committee has occasionally
been popping off in much
the same way. Again, the
elected Republican leadership
of Congress - with which
Mr.. Kennedy has been fully
cooperating all the while
has not liked it. But these
leaders, like the Democrats
before them when the shoe
was on the other foot, have
not been able to do much
about it.
Now, however, circum-
stances have greatly changed.
President Kennedy has
stepped IN TO DO publicly
something which he had in
fact privately thought for
some months ought to be
done. In effect, he is openly
instructing the Democratic
National Committee to lay
that pistol down when it
comes to foreign crises, as
Stunning that the Republican
committee will do likewise.
The titular head of the
Republican Party, Richard
Nixon, has instantly COOP
Grated.
Aid Secrecy Refuted
What brought matters to
a head was a recent charge
by the Republican committee
that the Kennedy admins
tration was being "secretive"
about American military as
Sistance to the anti-Commu-
niStS in South Wet Nam.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-19
1918, AMERICA BETWEEN
TWO WORLDS, by Alan
Valentine. 240 PIP. (The
Macmillan Co., So.

The last full year before
the outbreak of World War
I-19l3-is surrounded by an
aura of nostalgia. 1t was
the last year of the proverb-
ial good, old days. Or so we
sometimes like to imagine.
But in reality there is new
er year in which one period
comes to an end and an
other begins, for historical
forces work slowly and over
lap with great complexity;
the ordering of occurrences
into neatly arranged chrono-
logical units tells us more
about the workings of the hu-
man mind than about the
course of human events.
Alan Valentine, who was
president of the University of
Rochester until 1850 and
since then has spent much
time in public service, is we'll
aware of this. And he knows
too that looking at history
in cross-section is like look
ing at stained slides in an
elementary biology labora-
tory. Neither is a useless or
foolish procedure, but both
ignore the fact that life and
history are fundamentally
dynamic processes that can
not be willed to a stop.
AND so while 1913" cen
tiers on that last year of
peace, it is concerned with
the great trends of American
development, trends whose
roots thrust deeply into the
10Th century and whose cur
rents are by no means spent
in 1862.
The Federal Reserve Act of
1913 was an important event
in the history of the attempt
to control business cycles.
The Underwood Tariff Act,
which reduced the average
duty rate by some 26 per cent,
was passed in 1918 as was the
Sixteenth amendment, which
empowered Congress to levy
income taxes.
These landmarks, impor-
tant as they were, are never
theless symbols of the vast
adjustment society was max
ing to the social and econo-
mic forces of mass produc-
ton and egalitarianism. This
adjustment is the real sub
ject of 1913"
Mr.. Valentine offers re-
markably clear summaries of
the state of industrial rela-
tons in the second decade
of the goth century, and the
process that forced the farm
er Ito become a specialist
technician in the production
of goods from the soil"
There are entertaining sur
veys of the feminist move
ment and the sorry state of
urban politics, and more i'm
portant, a persuasive section
on the vast and partly insidi-
GUS power of standardization
which changed "the common
man (of the 18th century
philosophers to the average
man (of today"
And yet it is just at this
point that ones reservations
become insistent, for Mr..
Valentine appears to assume
that the modern, standard
lied "other-d directed" man is
a degenerate descendant of
some sturdy progenitor who
made up his own mind about
everything.
INDEED, there is a curious
ambivalence about the book.
Mr.. Valentine emphasizes
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-19

oCCduoC Vic NO1lSG1GQGLOIl
is held in such high esteem
by Americans, politicians
often cloak their doubtful
political positions in consti-
tutional garb. This is one of
the Oldest devices used by
politicians when trying to
form public policy on contro-
versial issues. This is the
game that President Ken
needy is playing when he as
serted that constitutional
provisions forbid Federal aid
to parochial school children.
Although he now cites the
Everson Case as forbidding
aid to church-related schools,
it is interesting to note that
for a number of years after
the Everson decision CFeb-
ruary, 194D, Mr.. Kennedy
sponsored bills in Congress
providing such aid (e. g. Ken
nedy Bill H. r. 1898, 81st
Congress-. Since setting his
sights on the presidency,
however. Mr.. Kennedy re-
versed his position and sac
rificed the civil rights of pri-
vate and parochial school
children on the altar of po-
litical eXpediency.
Political decisions are made
for political reasons and not
constitutional ones. No one
knows this better than that
clever politician President
Kennedy. I, for one, would
like to see the President come
out from behind that "wall
of separation" and face up
to the alleged constitutional
questions fairly and squarely.
Why is it, for instance,
that the President has no
difficulty in urging a Federal
college-aid bill which pro-
vides direct grants to all
American colleges (including
church-related ones), and yet
declares that such non-dis-
criminatory aid cannot be
given pre-collegiate educa-
ton?
Can it be that the Presi-
dent has found a distinction
between levels of education
in a Constitution which does
not even refer to education?
Is there really a high wall of
separation for the lower
levels and a low wall or no
wall for the higher levels of
education?
James A. Miller.
X X * X
Cardinal Spellman's state
ment that in the event of
Federal aid to public schools
at is the eventual end of
our parochial schools" seems
to be a call for help. In 1949
during the controversy with
Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt, Car
dinal Spellman stated, 1--WE
are not asking for general
public support of religious
schools. Under the Con-
stitution we do not ask nor
can we expect public funds to
pay for the construction or
repair of parochial school
buildings or for the support
of teachers, or for the main
tenance costs. :" Unless
the distinguished cardinal
has changed his mind since
1949, he must feel uneasy in
his position of opposition to
the constitutional provisions
forbidding aid to religious
schools.
To relieve Cardinal Spell
man from his uneasy posi-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-19
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used it
letters carry 1DriterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
tiers are subject to condenSa-
ton. Those not used 1Dill be
returned only When accom-
panied by self = addressed.
stamped envelopes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-19

The Evening Star of last
Friday quite erroneou sly
placed my name among those
present at Union Station to
say goodbye to Ambassador
Lechuga of Cuba. I had no
reason whatsoever, either
official or personal, to be
present on that occasion.
Neftali Ponce Miranda
Ambassador of Ecuador
Editors Note: The Star re-
gretS the error
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-19
Value of Tests

President Kennedy recently
ordered preparations to be
made for a possible resump-
ton of nuclear tests in the
atmosphere. A new series of
atmospheric detonations is a
prospect which no one well
comes. Yet in the light of
cold war realities, it is a
prospect which must be faced.
Last September the Soviets
blasted a 3-year moratorium
agreement with a series of
no fewer than so atmospheric
nuclear shots zone of them
exceeding so million tons of
TNT). In August the Soviets
made confident statements
about the results of these flu
ture tests. Their confidence
may well have been based on
the results of earlier, clan
destine tests with smaller
yields. 1t would have been
relatively easy for the So
viets to conceal such blasts
in the vast areas of Russia
between 1858 and 1861.
We must not permit our
selves to fall behind the So
VETS in the development of
nuclear weapons. So far the
Reds have refused to accept
Western proposals for an ade
quately policed ban on nu-
clear tests. Obviously our adj
versary has not ruled out nu-
clear war as a means Of
achieving its goals. We must,
therefore, do our duty to our
selves and to the free ma
lions which depend on a
strong America. And we must
not permit KhruShchev's
clamoring for a summit con-
ference, or the disapproval
of world opinion" or the
noisy peace" elements with
in the free world to weaken
our resolve.
Calvin G. ZOn.
4 Il i II
I take great hope from the
fact that you printed Selma
CAROLS letter, TESTS OPP
posed" We do not accept
our fate without a display of
resistance" It is not "too
late to examine this dilemma
of destruction"
Also, 1.-THE Week in Per-
spective" says: "A nuclear
test ban treaty would {.
achieve some very signifi-
cant goals. A successful
treaty would prove that East
and West could solve a cru
cial problem relieve mu-
tual suspicious lead the
way to solution of other ma
jor problems"
We must not keep adding
fuel to the fires of war by
sending nuclear fallout into
the atmosphere. We must
find a way to gain the conf
dence of other nations that
we do not want war.
Is there a governmental
laboratory with intelligent
people researching for peace
as they research for new
ideas for war? Are there
experiments and tests for
peace? If we spent l per
cent of our defense budget
for this most important de
Tense PLAN" think what it
would mean!
Joan B. Sandberg.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-19
Answers to Questions
BY THE HASKIN SERVICE

A reader can get an answer, by
mail, to any question Of fact BY
writing The Star Information Bu-
reau, 635 F street NV. Washington
4, u. Z. Please inclose return post
age or Self-addressed, stamped
envelope
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-19
New Frontier

The New Frontier, like
the old frontier which trav-
eled by wagon train to devel-
op the unknown trails of the
West, is the living spirit of
men seeking the monumental
solutions to the problems in
the jet travel age. They are
young men with courage and
vision. They are men with
families who want to defend
the principles of the Amer
lean dream for their grand
children, as did the men of
'76 who entrusted the future
generations with the trust in
God which was brought to
the shores of America by
those seeking freedom from
oppression and persecution
for religion.
Dorothy Denison.
y y y \
Somehow or other, I
thought our frontierSmen
would come up with a bright
idea or two as to how to
solve the farm surplus pro-
gram. Instead, they have re-
sorted to the age-old carrot
and-stick game. If the farm
er accepts a complexity of
restrictions and controls, he
wins a subsidy; if not, he is
rewarded with a massive
thump on the rump.
Angus Sinclair.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-19
Mistaken Identity

Lester L. Kimble.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-02
IN STORE
THIS WEEK
AT

lid WEN
AT
MnAum/
+@Mh9n
Monday through
Friday, Miss Peggy
Francis comes to
demonstrate the art
Of making festival
candles, an ort cre-
oted in Austria by
her ancestors. See
her demonstration in
Lamps, 9TH Floor,
Washington.
Monday through
Saturday, Corbosco's
tolented Mr.. Jeff Hor-
rocks shows you how
to make beautiful
Corolin fruit or flower
arrangements for the
holidays. The Gift
Shop, 9TH Floor,
Washington.
Monday through
Saturday, enjoy the
ossistonce of Miss
Ann BiIgore, as you
choose gifts of cuJ-
tured peorIs. Repre-
senting the Imperial
Cultured PeorI Syn.
dicote, Miss BiIgore
hos q wealth of
knowledge TO share
with you. Fine JeweIrX
lst Floor, Washington.
Saturday, for thrills
and excitement, see
the sixth round of our
A. c. Gilbert Minio-
ture Cor Rocing Con-
test, in the Toy Store,
9th Floor, Woshing-
ton.
This Week, bring
the youngsters to see
the fun and frolic go
ing on in our ami
moted Christmas win
dows on F ST. They'll
see Christmas Gus
toms of many lands
depicted by living
dolls. Animated win
dows at our Mary
land and Virginia
stores, too, add TO the
fun of Christmos.
This Week, Santa
reiens in. q wonder-
fUI new Wolk-throueh
Christmas. window.
It's on our llth and
9 Streets corner and
children can walk
right into this won
derlond from our 9
Street boIcony.
This Week, extra
evening hours for
gift shopping. Our
Washington Store is
open Monday through
Friday $50 am. TO
900 P.m.; Saturday,,
$50 am. 10 600
pm. -. Chevy Chose,
Wheaton PIozo, 7
Corners and. Alex
ondrlo ore open Mon
dovthrouoh Soturddy,
Evening star., 1962-01-05

the Communist East Berlin
wall, then being built, be
knocked down by the West. He
said Gen. Watson has con-
firmed to the White House that
he made no such recommends :
tion.
The Stars story reported that
sources here said the recon-
mendation that the wall be
torn down had been made by
the Berlin commander and that
by the time it had been dis
cusSed with the British and
French governments the mo-
ment for action was past. This
was based on statements by
sources previously found reli-
able and was supported by in
formation obtained by a Star
reporter in Berlin shortly after
the wall was built.
Evening star., 1962-01-05
Laos Bottle Believed
Intended to Scare u. S.

VIENTIANE, Laos, Jan. 5
(AP) The Royal Laotian gov
ernment today issued another
communique reporting fierce
fighting between government
and rebel forces and reinforce
ment of the rebels from Com
munist North Wet Nam. 1t
was the second such announce
ment in "a hours.
Informed Western military
sources, however. said they had
no confirmed evidence of such
a resurgence of military activ-
ity in the long dormant civil
war. United States military OBJ
servers are in the field.
There was speculation the
communicates, authorized by
Gen. Phoumi Nosavan, were
aimed to start a new war scare
in retaliation for pressure by
the United States on Premier
Prince Boun Gums conServa-
tive regime to accept a coali-
tion government under Prince
Souvanna Phouma, the neu-
tralist premier designate. Gen.
Phoumi is the strong man of
the government, which depends
on the United States for most
of its revenues.
The price of gold surged up
80 per cent in this gold-trading
kingdom in the wake of the ma
tional banks suspension yes