davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-03-27

ment official predicted that
test suits would be on the
dockets in at least 40 Of the
so States within a month.
Such a case already has been
filed in Maryland and a COM
panion suit Is under discussion
in Virginia.
Set Off BY Tennessee
The kernel Of yesterdays 60
ruling by the Supreme Court
was the assertion that ag-
grieved voters may file-and
Federal courts may hear and
decide-complaints that spe-
cific methods of legislative ap-
portionment violate the Federal
Constitutions guarantee of
equal protection Of the laws as
expressed in the 14th Amend
ment.
Until yesterday, the Federal
courts had refused to enter
what Justice Frankfurter once
Evening star., 1962-03-27

Whoever shot first, 1t seems
clear enough that the reaction
of the young troops in the
square was the result Of sud-
den panic. No one, as far as
can be learned, gave the order
to fire.
Most certainly, responsible
authorities had adequate means
of breaking up the demonstra-
tion without resorting to ma
chine guns.
Until yesterday the action Of
the French army in Algeria
could be justified on grounds
it was necessary to break the
force of the OAS. Fighting in
the suburbs of Bah el Oued and
Oran started after a full-scale
attack by OAS forces and a
formal declaration Of war.
Despite relatively heavy
casualties on both sides, the
results have been significant in
terms Of the prisoners taken,
arms captured and the urgent
Evening star., 1962-03-27
BY CROSBY S. MOVES

Foreign Correspondent of The Star
ALGIERS, Mar. 27.-Tension
is dangerously high in this city
today. after a series of bloody
clashes between the army and
street mobs that has left Al
dead and 100 wounded.
Since early morning, crowds
have been gathering at the
point Of the most serious en-
counter near the main square.
1t was here that troops sud-
denly opened UP with machine
gun fire on demonstrators,
leaving the street Uttered with
dozens of casualties.
Congealing pools of blood are
still on the pavement amid the
splintered glass of store fronts.
On each of them flowers have
been placed, tied with red,
white and blue ribbons.
In one bloodstained store
front is a pair Of women's
shoes and a stained silk hand
kerchief. A card beside them
Evening star., 1962-03-27

demonstration was called in
defiance of warning from the
prefect Of police. 1t is claimed
that GAS commandos fired
first from a balcony overlook
ing the square-not only on the
troops, but on the crowd itself.
This version is hotly disputed
by many eyewitnesses.
Some shots we're indeed
heard from the balcony. but
whether or not they started be-
fore the troops opened fire is
not clear.
The same authorities may
well be asking themselves if
there is not a point at which
the use of force in situations
of this kind defeats its pur-
pose. So far as many who
watched yesterdays events are
concerned, the shooting into a
crowd Of unarmed civilians was
a disastrous accident which
could have tragic consequences
for the outcome Of the strug-
gle for peace in Algeria.
Evening star., 1962-03-27
Living Costs
Hit New Peak
Index Rise Led
By Food Prices
BY the Associated Press

Higher prices for foods pushes
living costs up three-tenths oi
l per cent in February to 8
new record.
It was the first increase In
the Governments living costs
index in six months and the
largest increase since last July.
In announcing it today,
Robert Myers, deputy commits
sioner of labor statistics, said,
however, that the increase did
not appear to signify a new
price uptrend. He forecast
continued stability but said
March living costs probably
also will show some increase.
The February increase put
the consumers price index at
104.8 per cent of the 1957-59
base period. This was nine
tenths of per cent higher
than a year earlier.
Food prices rose during the
month by six-tenths of per
cent, and were the most i'm
portant cause for the overall
increase. Food prices had been
expected to go down instead of
up, but Mr.. Myers said they
were influenced by winter
storms in Southern States, par
ticularly in Florida and Texas.
Higher prices for household
textiles, sporting goods and
clothing also contributed to the
advance.
AS a result Of the rise in liv-
ing costs approximately 5000
workers will get 1-cent-an-h hour
pay increases under labor con-
tracts that adjust pay rates to
living cost changes. These
workers are mainly employed in
aircraft and missile firms.
The Labor Department also
announced that the after-tax
earnings Of the average factory
worker heading a family of
four rose slightly in February
to $84.41 a week. This was a
record for the month but some
what lower than the all-time
record set in December.
Evening star., 1962-03-27
Alabama May Act

need to restore the authority
of law and order.
But yesterdays incidents
could play directly into the
hands of the OAS.
There can be no question
whatever about the public reac-
ton in Algiers - the funeral
of the Al victims of the Shoot
ing is certain to result in a new
emotional orgy by the entire
European population of
Algiers. Even in France itself,
criticism Of the authorities here
seems inevitable.
The reaction Of the French
army is most uncertain. From
the beginning it has been clear
that many officers and men
were performing duty here that
was highly disagreeable to
them, to say the least.
Quite clearly there are limits
to what the army can be
ordered to do. The general dis
gust today suggests that this
limit may have been reached.
Evening star., 1962-03-27
THE NEW LOOK
IN SWINDLING

METHODS Of unscrupuIous mem
bers Of the home improvement, outo
repoir and other businesses ore spot
lighted today by SyIvio Porter. Reed
the second in her series Of articles
on the Iotest pitches and frouds in
her column todoy on the Business
Poee, A-20.
TEXTBOOKS hove come Of oge,
Leslie J. Mason, Southern California
professor, writes. The new books re-
fleet ond interpret the oge in which
we live and ore replacing the old
fashioned ones, he soys in the lotest
in his series, "Noson On Educoton."
Reed him today on the Feature
Poee, A-l9.
SHAD FISHING, a spring postime
for fishermen on the Potomac ond
Roppohonnoek Rivers, hos been 60
ing on in Florida since November.
Reod Stor Outdoor Editor chorles
CovelPs column on fishing in St.
Johns River near Sanford, Fla, on
Poee AIS.
Hove The Stor Delivered to
Your Home Dolly and Sunday
Diol Lincoln $1,000
Evening star., 1962-03-27
AMERICAS IN TRANSITION
Mexicons' Suspicious
Color Ties With u. S.

He was referring to the
Mexican War of 1846 48
brought on after United States
annexation Of Texas. The Mex
lean capital was occupied by
North American troops, and
Mexico ended up ceding what
are now New Mexico and Cali
fornia to the United States for
SIS million.
When Attorney General Rob-
ert F. Kennedy recently told
Indonesian students that this
war was "unjustified" and mot
"a very bright spot" in United
States history, howls Of protest
rose from Texas. But the re-
mark drew front-page head
lines and discreet editorial
plaudits in Mexico.
The Alamo Little Known
until I went to college in
Texas I had scarcely heard of
the Alamo" said a prominent
Mexican editor. IF Mexican
school children hear about the
Alamo at all, it is simply that
several hundred rebels were
killed in a minor battle there. p"
On the other hand, he found
that Gen. Winfield Scott, who
headed the United States forces
in the Mexican campaign, is
better known in Mexico than
in the United States.
And few people in your
country" he continued, "have
ever heard of our revered boy
heroes of Chapultepec Castle,
who wrapped themselves in the
Mexican flag and leaped to
their deaths from the parapets
rather than surrender to the
See ALLIANCE, Page AS
Evening star., 1962-03-27
Cherry Blossoms
May Catch Fete
About April 6

Washington's cherry bios
SONS will begin blooming about
April 6, in time for part of this
years National Cherry Blossom
Festival, a National Park Serv-
ice horticulturist predicted to-
day.
The flowers won't be in full
bloom until April II, however.
if the current temperature pat
tern remains, George w.
Robey, assistant chief horticul-
turist for Region 6 of the serv-
ice said. The festival is being
held April 3-8. the golden an
niversary of the tree paintings
along the Tidal Basin.
Mr.. Robey warned that
probably the Towering trees
will show just a faint tint Of
color by the 9Th.
Evening star., 1962-03-27
STREET OF THE MARTYRS


reads: "You who are French
what will you be in the new
Algeria?"
The Rue d'Isly already has
been renamed the Street of the
Martyrs of the 26 of March"
by someone with a can of white
paint.
Up and down the street the
blue letters "OAS" have been
scrawled on most shop windows.
Crowds surrounding isolated
groups Of soldiers guarding the
entrances of buildings argue
and gesticulate. Soldiers, silent
and grim, clutch their weapons.
In the middle Of the street
a captain of infantry tries to
make himself heard above a
chorus of protest: But I as
sure you, sir, no one was fired
on from the helicopters."
Since last night authorities
have been trying hard to
blame yesterdays slaughter on
the Secret Army Organization.
1t Is pointed out that the
Evening star., 1962-03-27
RULING EFFECTS
IN TWO STATES

The Supreme Courts ac-
tion has these local ramifi-
cations:
Maryland A suit to
force reapportionment of
the General Assembly is
pending before the State
Court of Appeals. The liti-
cation probably will be
carried into Federal Courts
if reapportionment is not
achieved through the State
courts ruling, due next
month. Maryland has not
been reapportioned since
1867.
Virginia-Gov. Harrison
has been urged to veto the
recently passed reappor-
tionment which urban
areas have called q "token
reshuffling. Proponents of
giving urban areas more
voting strength are talking
now of taking their case
into Federal Courts.
Evening star., 1962-03-27
A|giers Tied Up by Strike
In Protest Over n Ki||inqs
TroopFiring
Stirs Fury
OfSettIers

ALGIERS, Mar. q (AP).-
A protest strike gripped Al
giers today. called by the Euro
pean settlers in mourning for
the Al Europeans killed when
French troops fired into a
crowd demonstrating in sup
port Of the Secret Army Or
ganization.
Public transportation was at
a Standstill. Most European
stores were closed. No news
papers appeared. Banks failed
to open. The big outdoor mar
ket was silent and deserted.
There were reports that elec-
tricity would be cut.
Hundreds Of Europeans
strolled the streets and most
Of them seemed to head for
the street corner in front of
the main post office where the
shooting broke out yesterday.
II. addition to the Al settlers
killed, about 130 were wound
ed. Army casualties were one
killed and six wounded.
Some Of the strollers placed
modest bouquets of flowers on
the bloodStainS in the streets.
Gesture of Defiance
Only a few policemen and
soldiers were visible on the
streets. Reinforcements had
been sent in yesterday after
the Secret Army called for a
demonstration and a march
on the encircled suburb of Bah
ell Oued. Authorities banned
the demonstration, but the
crowds gathered anyway in a
gesture of defiance.
The clash appeared to have
draStically altered relations be-
tween the citizens of Algiers
and French troops.
Initial shock turned to ha-
tired among the European in
habitantS. Many of them
shook their fists at the soldiers
e and screamed over and over:
I "All we want is to remain
e French!"
. The settlers fury threatened
! to spark new outburstS of vio-
lence, particularly during the
funerals of the army's victims.
De GauIIe Gives Warning
Spokesman of the Secret
Army, which called the ILL
fated demonstration, predicted
grimly that President de
Gaulle's government will re-
gret this day." But Gen. de
Gaulle in a televised speech
from Paris warned the Secret
Army it could look forward
only to punishment for its
campaign to sabotage the cease
fire agreement between France
and the Algerian nationalist
rebels.
In all parts Of Algiers soldiers
and security police patrolled
the streets under the hostile
See ALGERIA, Page AS
Evening star., 1962-03-27

Lord Home gave strong support
to the Canadian proposal. He
then left for home, but said he
would come back any time his
presence is needed.
MIR. Rusk and Mr.. Gromyko
in their joint statement on
their Berlin talks said they
have made some progress" in
clarifying points of agreement
as well as points of difference.
They added that they agreed
to resume contact in an ap-
propriate way" after reporting
to their governments and con-
Sulting allies. These discus
sionS are expected to continue
through Ambassadors in Mos
cow and Washington.
Statement Quoted
Mr.. Rusk and Mr.. Gromyko
did apparently give each other
the impression, however, that
each believes it is important
to continue discussing the dis
pute in order to keep it from
getting out of hand.
The statement said:
"In connection with the
presence in Geneva to attend
the opening sessions of the
committee on disarmament,
the foreign ministers of the
USSR and the United States
have had a series of meetings
devoted to a discussion of the
German problem and related
questions.
Their conversations have
been both useful and frank,
and some progress has been
made in clarifying points of
agreement and points of diff
ference.
No Ground Given
"They have agreed to re-
sumo contact in an appropri-
ate way after reporting to
their respective governments
and after consultation with
their allies"
American informants said
that while neither minister
gave ground, the talks were
See GENEVA, Page AS
Evening star., 1962-03-27

Tile pOlIlCS OF agreemenC is Cnat
neither side wants to become
involved in a war over Berlin.
But neither side, it was re-
ported, made a change in ma
jor policy.
RuSk En- Route Home
The statement was issued
just before Mr.. RuSk and lead
ing members of the American
delegation took a plane for
Washington to report to Presi-
dent Kennedy that the Berlin
dispute remains highly danger
Gus though unlikely to explode
in the foreseeable future.
Speaking before the 17-na-
ton disarmament conference
today, Mr.. Rusk proposed steps
to reduce the possibility Of nu-
clear war and summarized
American views and proposals
in the disarmament field.
Canadian Foreign Secretary
Howard Green submitted a
draft declaration to the confer
ence calling for action by no
later than tomorrow on out
lawing weapons of mass de-
struction from outer space.
Rocket Claim Noted
Soviet Premier Khrushchev
has claimed that Russian sci
entists have created a "global
rocket" invulnerable to anti
missile defenses that can evade
American radar detection in
Stallations by attacking from
any direction.
Both the United States and
the Soviet Union in their pro-
posed disarmament plans in
cluded provisions reserving
outer space for peaceful pur-
poses.
Under Mr.. Green's declara-
ton the orbiting or stationing
in outer space of devices for
delivering weapons of mass de-
struction would be prohibited.
A nation would also be
obliged to give advance notice
to the United Nations of the
launching of space vehicles and
missiles.
British Foreign Secretary
Evening star., 1962-03-27
Dock Worker Strike
Hits japanese Ports

TOKYO, Mar. 27 (AP).-
Japan's major ports were nearly
paralyzed today as 10000 dock
workers struck for "a hours.
They are demanding legislation
guaranteeing stable employ
ment.
Transportation ministry Of
ficals said most shipowners had
their ships load or unload be-
fore today or delay their arrival
until after the strike.
Evening star., 1962-03-27
By DAVID S. BRODER
Star staff Writer

A shift in the structure OF
American politics as profound
as any in this century was
foreseeable today in the wake OF
the Supreme Court decision that
the Federal judiciary can re-
view the constitutionality of
the makeup Of State legisla-
lures.
The high tribunals interven-
ton in behalf of the city voters
fight for equality Of representa-
ton was viewed by political and
legal observers as an immediate
threat to rural forces contin-
ued control Of their last base of
political power.
If the country voters domi-
nation Of the legislature is
ended, the resulting political
change could alter not only the
generally conservative charac-
ter Of State legislation but the
distribution of responsibility
and power among city, State
and national governments.
1t is even likely that the basic
tenets and political strategies
Of the two parties will shift sig
nificantly as the impact of the
change becomes clearer.
Test Cases Shape Up
Some political observers said
it might be necessary to go as
far back as the debates in the
early years of the Nation over
ending property qualifications
for voting to find a controversy
whose outcome SO markedly af-
fected the development of
American politics.
By contrast, they said, his
torians are likely to set down
this century's constitutional
amendments for woman's suf-
frage and the direct election
Of Senators as minor in their
influence.
Speculation on the long-term
Of yesterdays de-
cision began to take shape as
reports rolled in from around
the country on voter groups
planning new court tests of the
fairness of the apportionment
of seats in their State legisla-
lures.
An informed Justice Depart
Evening star., 1962-03-27

MS Us rne tnlro OF seven orrlcIeS
based on q $1,000 mile trip through
lotin Anerico.
ern buildings that is modern
Mexico City, he tried to ex-
plain that curious American
complex" Mexicans have about
the United States.
II know that cliche about
elephants never forgetting has
never been proved" he said.
But sooner or later every
'gringo' down here discovers it
is true about Mexicans."
He put his finger on the
principal plight of United
States relations with it's neigh
Dor to the south. For United
States history has given Mexi-
cans much to remember. And
many claim that people north
of the border forget too
quickly.
The War of 1846-48
Rightly or wrongly, justly or
unjuStly. every Mexican lives
with the memory that the
United States took half our
territory in the last century, -
a well-placed Mexican official
explained. The statement came
out quietly, almost routinely,
as if it were an established fact
not worth disputing.
Evening star., 1962-03-27
BY GEORGE SHERMAN
Star staff Writer

"These Mexicans just never
forget" a somewhat bewtldered
United States official unused
while conversing in his sky
scraper office.
Looking out over a sea of
traffic, wide avenues and mod
Evening star., 1962-03-27
Possible Results

study group could result in ac-
tion by the Commissioners and
legislative proposals, or in new
budget requests to Congress,
Mr.. Shea explained.
The overall goal of the task
force is to ". survey the
organization and operations of
the public assistance division
and related matters in the De-
partment of Public Welfare" ,"
the Commissioners order said.
The task force was authorized
to recommend immediate ac-
tion in critical operational
areas. :"
The study OF the program of
aid to dependent children will
take up the question of whether
this relief category should be
expanded.
Last week, city welfare Off
cials estimated that expansion
Of this program could cost the
District from $3.5 million to
$11 million more a year.
The city currently gives aid
to dependent children whose
fathers are dead, absent or
lncapacitated. The question of
whether the eligibility regula-
lions should be eased has been
under discussion by the Com
miSsionerS.
Commissioner Walter N. To-
briner recently said that the
District should not bar a family
See WELFARE, Page A-6
Evening star., 1962-03-27
Some Points Clarified
By Rusk and Gromyko
U. S. and Russio to Continue Contact
On Berlin Problem THROUGH Enyoys

GENEVA, Mar. 27 (AP)-Secretary of State Dean Rusk
and Soviet Foreign Minister Andre Gromyko announced in
joint statement today that their Geneva talks have un
covered points as well as of differences
over Berlin.
Evening star., 1962-03-27
-INTERPRETN REPORT-
Power Shift in the Mokinq

called the political thicket" of
redistricting battles.
The landmark decision came
on the complaint of a group ot
Tennessee city voters about the
inequitieS in representation
that allegedly have resulted
from the failure Of their legiS-
lature to redistrict since 1901.
The high court did not rule
on the merits of their charges.
Instead, it sent the case back
for trial to the three-judge
Nashville District Court, which
had dismissed it for lack of
jurisdiction in 1860. The prob
able tenor of the district courts
ruling is indicated by it's COM
ment in its earlier decision
that Tennessee was guilty of
the clear violation of its own
constitution and the rights of
the plaintiffs" and "the evil
is a serious one which should
be corrected without further
delay"
Rhyme Is Attorney
Various ways in which the
court might correct the evil
were discussed by Charles S.
Rhyme, attorney for the Ten
nessee voters, and Solicitor
General Archibald Cox, who
argued in support of them on
behalf of the Kennedy admin
iStration.
They said the court, if it
finds the Tennessee Legislature
unconstitutionally apportioned,
could draft its own redistrict-
ing plan or force the legis-
lators to run at large unless
they devised a scheme it
deemed proper.
Reports from Tennessee to-
day indicated there was strong
pressure developing for a spe-
cial session of the Legislature
to draft a redistricting law that
might avert a showdown in
court.
Alabama May Act
Meantime, the echoes of the
Supreme Court decision we're
being heard around the coun-
try. Gov. John Patterson of
Alabama, one of the nine other
States where litigation is pend
See VOTERS, Page AS
Evening star., 1962-03-27
Drumu Critic Jay Cormody
is in New York for q series
Of reviews Of Broadway hits
and interviews with theuter
personalities.

On his ueendu for today is q
review Of "A Shot in the
Dork" the hit comedy. stur-
ing Julie Harris.
In Today's Star
Page A-1S
Evening star., 1962-03-27

This is the third Of seven articles
based on q $1,000 mile trip through
lotin Americo.
Evening star., 1962-03-27
We|fareStudy
Is Undertaken
By Task Force
Aid to Children
Among Principal
Items of Interest
o.~
u D1A1VG 1I1ND 4 1t1117
Star Staff Writer

established today by the Com
missionerS.
A major relief area to be
studied is the city's contro-
versial welfare program for
dependent children.
Named to the new task force
were Commissioner John B.
Job Troinins PIonned For Relief Re-
eipients. Poee BE-
Duncan, j. E. Bindeman, chair
man of the Public Welfare Ad-
visory Council; Gerard M. Shea,
the city's welfare director, and
Schuyler Lowe, who, as direc-
tor Of general administration
is the Commissioners top staff
official.
Mr.. Duncan, who has direct
supervision over welfare mat
ters in Washington, will be
chairman.
Shea Asked Action
Today'S action was taken at
the request of Mr.. Shea, whose
department has been under
fire from several directions
since last years budget hear
ingS before the Senate subcom-
mittee headed by Senator Rob-
ert Byrd of West Virginia.
The controversy has centered
on the relief program for de-
pendent children in which in
vestigators have found that
more than half the families
checked SO far were ineligible
under current rules.
The task force study, however,
will not be limited to this relief
category.
"The findings may result in
a complete recasting of our
current approach to the prob
lens Of public assistance" Mr..
Shea said.
After today's meeting of the
Commissioners, Mr.. Shea said
his aim was to have a report
completed within three months,
and hopefully within two
months"
Evening star., 1962-03-27
Weather Forecast

District and vicinity-Clear and cool TO-
night; low about SO. Sunny and continued
mild tomorrow. High, 81, at 2 pm. today;
low, SO, at $50 am. today.
Full Report on Pose BIZ
Evening star., 1962-03-27

Job Troinins PIonned For Relief Re-
cipients. Paee BE-