davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-06

RAoAASo pun OAe AAA &ANA 1T
the best equipped settlement
will be on its own for at
least six months. E
Even a few years ago the
idea of any permanent, even
semi-permanent, settlement
would have been nearly abb
surd. but the difficulties are
being overcome, one after
the other. The greatest sim
gle danger at present. Ada
miral Dufek points out, is
fire. Burned buildings abso-
lutely essential for shelter
cannot be restored. For that
reason an Antarctic station,
as now set up, consists Of
several quite widely sep
arated buildings. This prob
ably always viii be the case.
At several bases there is a
refuge hut some distance
from the main diving quar-
tiers.
A problem Of Antarctic liv-
ing always will be water.
Even today 1t is expensive
for great effort is required
to get 1t. Men have TO 60
outside in the cold and dark
to dig snow, load 1t on sleds
and haul 1t to their build
ings. At United States sta
tons today tractors are used.
Sometimes. however, man
cannot venture out for days
at a time because OF the
billiards. or even because Of
the extreme cold. .
At the United States South
Pole station another way has
been found to get water. A
shaft. like a mine, has been
dug underneath the camp.
There ice can be dug and car
ried up to the snow meters.
Water. Admiral Dufek COM,
ments. actually is mined like
coal or iron. (,
Natural Refrigerator
The extreme cold Of the
Antarctic Is not all harmful,
Food placed In tunnels In the
snow keeps Just as II would
in the most expensive freezer.
Part OF the exhibit Is food
left by the British Can't.
Robert +. Scott In 1901 and
recovered In 1866. It was just
as good as ever. Likewise, be-
cause there is no moisture ex-
cept In frozen form; metal
does not rust and wood does
not rot.
There is every reasonable
prospect, Admiral Dufek saws.
that everything regarding
habitability Of the wasteland
win improve In the next few
years. But why should any
body want TO settle In the
earth's most uncomfortable
area2 The world Is getting
smaller and the population
enormously increasing.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-06
Birth Control Fund

John r. Graham
Evening star., 1962-04-13
Cost Increases
Since 1858

Third, it Is useful to repeat
here that hourly employment
costs have increased since 1858
by a total of about IL per cent
and that other costs have risen,
too. The net cost situation,
taking into account employ
ment and other costs, has risen
about 6 per cent since 1858
All this is without regard to
the new labor contract. When
costs keep moving upward and
prices remain substantially un-
changed for four years. the
need for some Improvement in
the cost price relationship
should be apparent.
Fourth, in view of the cost
increases that have occurred,
the thought that it costs no
more to make steel today than
1t did in 1858 is quite difficult
to accept. For U. S. Steel, costs
since 1858 have gone up far
more than the announced price
increase of yesterday.
Fifth, higher costs at the
same selling prices obviously
mean lower profits. Our own
profits of ST per cent on sales
in 1851 were the lowest since
1852.
Sixth, the increase of 3-10th
of a cent per pound in tht
price of steel adds almost neg.
ligibly to the cost of the stee
which goes into the familiar
day products that We use
Here, for example, is the
amount by which this price
change would increase the cost
Evening star., 1962-04-13
Reynolds Clarifies
Price Statement

NEW YORK, April 13 (AP)
R. S. Reynolds. jr., president
of Reynolds Metals Co., says
he had not intended to give
the impression that he was
justifying a price increase In
the steel industry.
He referred to a statement
made Wednesday in Richmond
Va.
II made the observation that
industry cannot continue to
have rising costs without in
creasing prices" he said in an
other statement released here
yesterday. This was intended
as a statement Of general prin-
ciple applicable to the alu.
minum industry.
by no means should it be
interpreted as passing judg.
ment on the justification Of
a price increase in the stee,
industry"
Evening star., 1962-04-13
Modernizotion
OF Equipment

NOIlC VI uS 10 uIld F" al e VI OllC
serious national problems and
no one is unsympathetic to
those in the Executive Branch
of Government attempting 70
conduct the affairs of the Ma
ton nationally and interna-
tionally. But certainly more
rapid equipment modernization
is one of the Nations basic
problems, as outlined by Secre-
tary Of the Treasury Douglas
Dillon.
Speaking before the Ameri-
can Bankers Association last
October, he said: More rapid
equipment modernization by
industry is vital to the success
of our efforts to remain COM
petitive in world markets and
to achieve the rate of growth
needed to assure us prosperity
and reasonably full employ
ment.
Il think it highly significant
that all the industrial coun-
tries of Western Europe-ex-
cept Belgium and the United
Kingdom-are now devoting
twice as much of their gross
national product to purchases
of industrial equipment as are
we in the United States. And
Belgium and the United King
dom-the two European coun-
tries whose economic growth
has Jagged in comparison with
the rest of Western Europe
are devoting half again as
much of their GIMP to the pur-
chase of equipment as we are"
What this all means is that
as a Nation we keep ahead
in the race among nations
through machinery and equip
ment, through good productive
facilities, through jobs that are
vitality linked to the industrial
stream. Surely our workmen
are as good as any in the world,
but they must have the tools
with which to compete. In
other words. we compete as a
company. as an industry and
as a Nation with better costs
and better ways of production.
Proper pricing is certainly
part of that picture and that
is what is involved here, how
ever it may be portrayed. Few
each individual company in our
competitive society has a re-
sponsibility to the public as
we'll as to its employees and its
stockholders to do the things
that are necessary pricewise,
however unpopular that may
be at times, to keep in the
competitive race.
Evening star., 1962-04-13
STEEL
Continued Fronn Pare A.

Continued From PAGE Al
Kaiser spokesman, reached in
Oakland, Calf. said he expect
ed no price decision this week
end or "in the immediate fu-
ture."
Inland is the industry's
eighth ranking company and
Armco ranks sixth. with
Kaiser considerably lower on
the ladder. Inland and Armcc
together account for about II
per cent of the Nations steel
output-a significant chunk
from the competitive view
point.
Blough Statement
Roger NJ. Blough, United
States Steel's board chairman,
told a New York news confer
ence yesterday that 1t would be
very difficult" for his company
to make the price increase stick
if several other companies re-
fused to boost their prices.
Inland is more modern in
its facilities than most steel
companies. Its profit record
lately has been better than
average. a factor that pre-
sumably would put 1t in a posi-
ton to avoid price increases.
Inland last year had net in
come of $54.7 million, earning
7.48 cents for each dollar Of
sales.
In a statement read to re-
porters in Chicago by Philip D.
Block, vice chairman of the
board, Inland said:
THE company has long rec
ognized the need for improve
ment in steel industry profits
in relation to capital invested.
1t believes this condition, which
does exist today. will have to
be corrected. Nevertheless, in
full recognition of the national
interest and competitive fac
tors. the company feels that it
is untimely to make any up
ward adjustments"
Block Close to Kennedy
Joseph L. Block, Inland's
boar dchairman, is on excellent
terms with the administration
and is a member of the Presi-
dents Advisory Committee on
Labor Management Policy. That
committee has been working on
a statement about non-infla-
tionary wage and price policies.
Mr.. Block, in Japan, was
quoted by the Chicago Daily
News toda vas saying that the
price increases shocked him.
He added: Even though. steel
profits are not adequate, we do
not feel that an advance in
steel prices at this time would
be in the national interest"
Evening star., 1962-04-13
TEXT OF STEEL STATEMENT
Price Action Necessary, BIough Says

NEW YORK, April IS
fAP).-Here is the tert OF
statement by Roger NJ.
Blouoh, chairman OF the
board of United States Steel
Corp, at a press conference
yesterday on the steel price
raise:
When the President Of the
United States speaks as he did
yesterday regarding our cor
poration and its cost-price
problems. I am sure a response
is indicated and desirable.
Let me say respectfully that
We have no wish to add to
acrimony or to misunderstand-
ing. We do not question the
sincerity of anyone who dis
agrees with the action we have
taken. Neither do we believe
that anyone can properly as
sumo that we are less deeply
concerned with the welfare, the
strength and the vitality of
this Nation than are those who
have criticized our action.
AS employees and stockholders.
We, along with thousands of
other employees and stockhold-
ers-both union and nom
union-must discharge faith
fully our responsibilities to
United States Steel: but as citi-
zens we must also discharge
fully our responsibilities to the
Nation. The action We have
taken is designed to meet both
of those responsibilities.
One of the Nations most
valuable and indispensable ply
sical assets is its productive
machinery and equipment. be-
cause its strength depends upon
that. I, among others. share the
responsibility of keeping a por-
ton of that plant, machinery
and equipment in good working
order.
To do that, our company, like
every other employer. must be
profitable. The profits which
any company has left over after
paying its employees, its other
expenses, the tax collector and
its stockholders for the use of
their resources, are the main
source of the plants and
equipment that provide the
work that thousands of work.
ers now have. Had it not been
for those profits in the past.
the millions with jobs in many
varities of business would not
have those jobs.
But that machinery and
equipment must be kept up to
date or no sales will be made, !
no work provided, no taxes
available and our international
competitive position. our bal
ance of payments. our gold re-
serve and our national growth |
will seriously suffer.
Evening star., 1962-04-13
Comments on Issue

Now, May I say several things
with respect to any misunder-
standings that have been talked
about.
First the President said,
when questioned regarding any
understanding not to increase
prices, I'VE did not ask either
side to give us any assurance,
because there is very proper
limitation to the power of the
Government in this free econ
omy."
Both aspects of this state
ment are quite right. No assur-
ances were asked and none
were given regarding price
action so far as I am concerned
or any other individual con-
nected with our corporation
Furthermore, at least in my
opinion, it would not have been
proper for us under those cir
cumstances to have had any
understandings with anyone
regarding price.
Second, I have said a num-
Der of times over the past
Evening star., 1962-04-13

month that the cost-price rela-
tionship in our company need
ed to be remedied. AS recently
as February Is, while the labor
negotiations were going on, I
referred in an interview to the
steadily rising costs which we
have experienced and I said:
And you're asking me how
long that can continue to in
crease and how long it can be
borne without some kind of a
remedy? l would give you the
answer that 1t is not reasonable
to think of it as continuing.
In other words, even now there
should be a remedy. If any ad-
ditional cost occurs, the ne
cessity for the remedy becomes
even greater"
This very real problem has
been discussed in recent months
with a number of individuals
in Washington. and I am at a
loss to know why anyone con-
cerned with the situation would
be unaware of the serious de-
terioration in the coSt-price
relationship.
In this connection President
Kennedy. in his letter of last
September 6 addressed to ex-
ecutives of the steel companies,
said:
Il recognize. too. that the
steel industry by absorbing in
creases' in employment costs
since 1858, has demonstrated
a will to halt the price-wage
spiral in STEEL"
I am sure that anyone read
ing the reply that I made on
September 13 to that letter
could not infer any commit
ment of any kind to do other
Evening star., 1962-04-13
STEEL
u. S. Steel Head Defends
Price Rise as imperative

on the white paper" which
the White House expected Il
issue later today or over thC
week end.
This document will be {
critical economic analysis oI
the industry's arguments fol
price increases, and will con.
tain point-by-point support fol
the Presidents stand that the
boosts are indefensible.
Mr.. Blough in a televised
news conference yesterday con.
tended that his company hac
to raise prices to get relief
from a cost-price squeeze. Only
by increasing profits, he said
can the company afford to buy
the modern machinery and
equipment it needs to hold
production costs down and
compete for sales.
He said costs have risen about
g per cent since the last gen.
eral price increase in 1858.
Mr.. Blough refused to discuss
the question of whether costs
per ton of steel have risen OF
fallen. The administration
white paper" will emphasize
the contention that rising to-
tai costs have been offset by
improved efficiency, so thai
costs per ton have remained
stable or have declined.
Unless unit costs of produc.
ton rise, the administration
will argue, there is no need tc
increase prices.
The white paper" also will
dispute Mr.. Blough's conten-
tion that profits must increas:
to finance investment in mod.
ern machinery and equipment
A big part Of such investment
should be financed externally
through borrowing or sale OF
stock, the administration will
argue.
Jury Probe Confirmed
Attorney General Robert F
Kennedy last night confirmed
that a Federal grand jury in
New York had begun an investi-
cation Of the price increases
He made the announcement
after Mr.. Blough had said U. S
Steel records had been sub
poenaed, but that he had re-
ceived no personal subpoena.
SubpoenaS also were served
on the Bethlehem Steel Co.,
National Steel Corp. and Jones
Il Laughlin Steel Corp, which
have raised prices, and on
Armco, one of the holdoutS.
The Attorney General re-
portedly said the grand jury
would look into two questions:
/. Whether the steel COM
Evening star., 1962-04-13
Responsibility
ToStockhoIders

Seven, 1t must be remem'
bered that the process by which
the human needs of people are
met, and the process by which
jobs are created. involve i'm
portantly the role of the in
Vestors. Only when people save
and invest their money in tools
of production can a new pro-
ductive job be brought into
existence; SO our Nation can
not afford to forget its obliga-
ton to these investors. Nor can
we, in United States Steel
who are responsible to more
than 325,000 stockholders-for-
get the many Americans who
have a stake in our enterprise,
directly or indirectly.
Over half Of our share are
held by individuals in all walks
of life; and no one of these
individuals owns as much as
two-tenthS of per cent of the
total stock. Most of the rest
is held by pension funds, insur-
ance companies, charitable and
educational institutions. invest
ment companies and trustees
representing the direct or in
direct ownership of large num-
bers of people in America.
have touched upon a few
matters here in the hope that
those who are so seriously con-
.cerned with these things-and
the public at large-will recog-
nize that there was nothing
irresponsible about the action
we have taken. My hope is that
this discussion of our respon-
SibilitieS, as we see them, will
lead to a greater understand
ing, and a more thoughtful ap-
'praiSal of the reasons for that
action.
Evening star., 1962-04-13

Ipanies got together and raised
prices in criminal violation
Of antitrust laws against price
collusion.
2. Whether United States
Steel so dominates the In
dustry that it controls prices
and should be broken up"
The Federal Trade Commits
sion and two congressional
committees also were investi-
eating the price increases, as
part Of the pattern of pres
sure.
Mr.. Blough told the news
conference he had no wish to
add to acrimony or misunder-
standing" but said he had to
dispute the Presidents charges
Of ruthlsssnesS and irresponsi-
bility.
Adequate profits, he said, are
necessary because machinery
and equipment must be kept
up to date or no sales will be
made, no work provided, no
taxes available and our inter-
national competitive position,
our balance of payments, our
gold reserves and our national
growth will seriously suffer-"
U. s. Steel has a RESPONSE
bility TO the public, to employees
and to stockholders to charge
proper" prices, however un-
popular that may be at times,
to keep in the competitive
race" he said.
Stating that he doubts the
steel price increases will revive
"inflationary psychology" Mr..
Blough said the cost added to
consumer products will be neg
! ligible. The increased cost of
steel in standard sized auto,
for example, would be $10.64,
he said, and the cost of steel in
a refrigerator would increase
by IS cents.
Federal Cost Discounted
! He estimated that the price
boost at most would increase
Defense Department procure
ment costs by about $40 mil
lion a year. President Kennedy
had estimated the increase at
81 billion.
Denying that United States
Steel was trying to hurt the
President, Mr.. Blough COM
mented. Il do not know any
thing about politics.
On the question of infla-
ton. he said: Our problem
in this country is not the
problem with respect to prices;
our problem is with respect to
costs. If you can take care
Of the costs in this country,
you will have no problem TAX
ing care Of the prices. The
prices will take care of them
selves"
Evening star., 1962-04-13

j Philip Block said he had not
been in touch with the White
House. He declined to comment
on whether he thought United
States Steel and other COM
panies would cancel their price
increases.
/ A. S. GlosSbrenner, president
Of the Youngstown Sheet &
Tube Co., told the Associated
Press in Pittsburgh that "only
time will tell" whether Inland's
decision would lead his COM
pany to cancel price increases.
Colorado POndering
The Associated Press said
the Colorado Fuel & Iron Corp.
had indicated it was consider
ing selective price increases
rather than the across the
board boosts imposed by eight
! companies.
| High administration officials
held a midday meeting at the
White House on the steel sit
uatlon, presumably discussing
procurement. antitrust actions
and other moves aimed at roll
ing prices back and retaliating
against companies that do
raise prices.
The administration was pre-
pared to reward Inland and
other companies that may Join
in holding the price line, mostly
by favoring them in purchases
of steel. Some of the compan-
les, now operating below ca
pacity, might reap big profits
by going along with the admin
istration and acquiring extra
business.
| Secretary Mcnamara said he
understood other Government
agencies were joining the De-
fenSe Department in trying to
channel steel purchases to COM
panies that hold prices down
to the old level of $3.50 per ton.
Defense Suppliers Affected
He said the Defense Depart
ment buys very little steel di-
rectly, but emphasized that his
order on procurement applies to
defense contractors and sup
pliers. He said contracts con-
tain clauses permitting the
Government to issue the pro-
curement order.
The effort to freeze out COM
panies raising prices, he said,
was designed to minimize the
effect of price boosts on de-
fense costs. If the price rises
stick, he said, the Defense De-
partment may be compelled to
stretch out defense procure
ment or seek supplemental ap-
preparations from Congress.
The Council of Economic
Advisers is co-ordinating work
Evening star., 1962-04-13

of steel for the following items;
Automobiles
Standard size, Sl0.64.
intermediate size, 1888.
Compact size, $6.83.
Toaster, .03.
Washing machine (wringer
type), IS.
Domestic gas range-four
burner. 10.
Refrigerator IT Gu. it., IS,
303 size food can, .005 cents
Evening star., 1962-04-13
Luehmun Is Shifted

Maj. Gen. Arno H. Luehman,
Air Force director of informa-
ton for the last five years, has
been appointed commander of
the 9Th Allied Tactical Force
at Izmir, Turkey. He will re-
place Maj. Gen. Edward w.
Suarez, who is retiring.
Evening star., 1962-04-13

than to act in the light Of all
competitive factors.
Evening star., 1962-10-04
Appeal Turned Down
In Briqhtwood Attack

The United States Court Of
Appeals today upheld the con-
viction Of Ronald K. Payne for
robbins and raping the man.
ager Of the Brightwood Spe-
cialty store in May, 1861.
Payne and an accomplice
were tried in District Court last
January. Payne was found
guilty on all three counts Of
an indictment charging rob-
berry. rape and intent to COM
nit rape. He was sentenced
by Judge Luther w. Young
dahl to 15-to-45 years in prison.
In his appeal Payne con-
tended he should be acquitted
on all counts on grounds of in
sanity. He also argued that
he should be acquitted on the
intent to commit rape charge
because Of insufficient evidence
and because the court erred in
its instruction and comment to
the jury"
The unsigned opinion handed
down by the Appeals Court
today reviewed the case, but
commented I'VE refrain from
reciting the unusually revolving
details. Suffice 1t to say that
the evidence showed Payne
committed the rape described
in count 2 and aided and
Evening star., 1962-10-04
u. 5. Asks Halt
In Dock Strike

NEW YORK. Oct. 4 (AP).-
Acting under orders of Presi-
dent Kennedy, Federal attor-
neyS today asked for a Taft
Hartley Act Injunction to halt
q longshoremen's strike that
has tied up shipping on two
coasts.
The move was made in papers
filed with United States Dis
trict Judge John F. X. McGohey.
The judge promptly scheduled
for mid-afternoon today hear
ing on the Government motion.
Lawyers for the international
Longshoremen's Association
were expected to oppose the
action.
Approximately $4,000 LILA
members struck early Monday
in ports on the Atlantic and
Gulf Coasts.
The Federal attorneys wasted
little time in carrying out the
Presidents orders.
Mr.. Kennedy acted after re-
ceiving q report today from the
three-man board he appointed
Monday to investigate the
walkout. Naming Of such a
board is the first step under
the Taft-Hartley law to halt
major industrial work STOP
pages.
Mr.. ,Kennedy's action cleared
the way for the Government to
seek an injunction in Federal
Court ordering the longshore-
men back to work for an 30
day cooling loft period.
Twice before Mr.. Kennedy
has invoked the Taft-Hartley
law to end shipping strikes
on the East and West Coasts
The shipping companies,
while offering wage increases,
have asked for negotiations on
increased productivity" as part
of the deal. The union has de-
manded a six-hour day with
no cut in the present eight
hour daily wage.
The board, in its report
gave President Kennedy this
|. conclusion to its deliberations
1T is evident that despite re-
lpeated meetings almost no prog
ress has been made toward ar
agreement. In this sense, tht
parties are worse off than they
were at a comparable time il
} 1859, for on that occasion they
had at least resolved a number
of fundamental issues"
The board was not called OF
to recommend terms Of a settle
I ment.
Evening star., 1962-10-04
Storm Aims
AtU. S., Now
A Hurricane

MIAMI, Fla, Oct. 4 (AP)-
Daisy, q flighty mass of swirl
ing winds that nearly blew
itself out over the week end,
swelled to hurricane force over
night and aimed toward the
Florida Peninsula.
Forecasters said the storm
packed churning winds of up
to rs miles per hour near the
center. Gales reached out $50
miles to the east and north and
so miles to the southwest of
center, churning up seas angry
enough to keep small craft
/ in port as far away as the
Bahamas.
Daisy's center was located at
latitude 24.5 north, longitude
68.6 west, approximately 760
miles east of Miami. The storm
was moving west northwest at
about 8 or 9 miles per hour.
Forecasters said the storm
would continue to increase
slightly and slowly and main
tain its present course and
speed for the next "a hours.