davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-21

HOLLYWOOD (NANA). -
Roddy Mcdowell, who used to
be a boy star, will produce and
direct the film version of the j.
d. SaIinger classic. Catcher in
the Rye" The boy will be
played by 15-year-old Kelvin
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-21
NO MONEY DOWN

when you make purchases on yom
Sears Revolving Charge Account.
Evening star., 1962-08-20
Public School
Cost Doubling
Is Foreseen
By the Associated Press

BY 1870, high-quality public
education in the United States
may reach a cost Of $685. bill
lion a year. the National Edu-
cation Association reports.
This almost doubling Of the
current figure Of $18.1 billion
assumes. the NEA said yester-
day. that practically all school,
age children will be enrolled,
the percentage finishing high
school will increase substan-
TALLY and teachers will be bet
ter prepared. better paid and
more numerous.
BY the end of the decade, the
NEA said. public school enroll
ments should increase from
about 1876 million pupils last
year to about 47.6 million. The
report said high-quality edu-
cation in 1870 calls for an av-
erage teacher salary of $9,71O.
In contrast. a report last Janu-
ary said the average teacher
salary for the 1872 school
year was $5,527.
Evening star., 1962-08-20
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

Ode to Stu Symngtons probe of minerals and George
Humphrey There smithy Stu who polished
old metals like He pounded forge to vaporize
George-but instead split his anvil in two
Senate approval Of the satellite is great break
for the erdeveloped countries They'll be burst
ing with refugees from American Soviet teevision
Khrushchev Lenin the first cosmonaut for his
brave flight into the future What's more his economic
theories still hold the record for weghtessness
Remember the good old days at the movies when only
cost you twobits to watch Cary r with the grand
mothers OF the girls he firts with for $1.75?
Profit squeeze bulletin In the old D. Rockef
Ter used to give his Dimes you don't catch George
Humphrey giving away his nickel
Evening star., 1962-08-20
Birth of an American Tradition

throughout the north coun-
try that Americans were bet
ter fighters than their in
vaders. They really weren't.
The rest of the war kept
proving that almost invari-
ably the unco ordinated
Americans had to have supe-
rior numbers in order to win
a battle. But because the
Americans began to think
they were good they began
to get good. The dropping
cause lifted its head and
reinforcements poured into
Gen. Gates Notifications on
Bemis Heights at Saratoga.
Johnny Burgoyne never
got beyond those fortifica-
tions. He had about 5000
effective men left when. on
October IL, about 1900
Americans swallowed up his
army. 1t was our first real
victory.
Well, after that, our an
cestors, being human, began
to eXaggerate that victory.
The legends of valor and tao
teal genius grew with the
distance.
But two big ideas began to
dawn on Americans. One was
that there was now a tradi-
ton to live up to-a tradi-
tion still in diapers, but
already a proud one. And
you couldn't serve that tradi-
ton by running away after
the first volley or wanting
to go home after the first
frost. And the other big idea
was that this was not a mere
collection Of jealous colonies,
thrown together momentarily
by a common enemy, but
that it was a country and,
more than that, that it repre-
sented ideals of human free
dom and dignity that were
worth sacrifice or even death.
In the Korean War the
Communists discovered to
their delight that while
brainwashing gained few
Communist converts it proved
sufficiently upsetting so that
almost one-third Of the
American prisoners "collabo-
rated" in some degree with
their captors. A captured Red
intelligence report stated:
Many American soldiers
have little concept OF moral
values and practically no
understanding Of American
political philosophy or tradi-
tions. Most of them feel they
have been forced into mill
tary service as into slavery,
and only want to get out"
Shades Of the confused
farm boys who perpetually
broke and ran and almost
lost our first war. As you sit
on the lovely hillsides of
Saratoga, you hope we're not
coming full circle.
Copyright, 1882
Evening star., 1962-08-20
Wilson Speech of so Years Ago
Has Familiar Ring in 1862

private an initiative. Our
task now is to effect a great
readjustment and get the
forces Of the whole people
once more into play. We need
no revolution; we need no
excited change; we need only
a new point Of view and q
new method and spirit Of
counsel"
There was in the political
vocabulary Of those days no
such phrase as New Frontier"
but an emphasis on the new
freedom" and on the high
cost Of living. Mr.. Wilson
said:
1T is not as easy for US to
live as it used to be. Our
money will not buy as much.
High wages, even when we
can get them, yield US no
great comfort. We used to be
better off with less because a
dollar could buy so much
more. The majority Of US
have been disturbed to find
ourselves growing poorer, even
though our earnings were
slowly increasing. Prices climb
faster than we can push our
earnings up.
There was, Of course, no
controversy at that time
about the AT&T and a world
wide communications system
by Telstar, but the words of
Mr.. Wilson seem strangely
familiar as he said:
IT am not one Of those
who think that competition
can be established by law
against the drift Of q world
wide economic tendency;
neither am I one of those
who believe that business
done upon a great scale by
a single organization-call it
corporation, or what you will
is necessarily dangerous to
the liberties, even the eco
nomic liberties, Of a great
people like our own, full Of
intelligence and Of indomi-
table energy.
Power in the hands Of
great businessmen does not
make me apprehensive, un-
less 1t springs out Of advant-
ages which they have not
created for themselves. Big
business is not dangerous be-
cause it is big, but because
its bigness is an unwhole-
some initiation created by
privileges and exemptions
Evening star., 1962-08-20
Changes in National Politics?

which 1t ought not to en-
Joy. -.
Il am happy to say that
a new spirit has begun to
show itself in the last year
or two among influential men
in business. Only q very
little while ago our men of
business were united in re-
sisting every proposal Of
change and reform as an at
tack on business, an embar-
raSsment to all large enter
prise, an intimation that
settled ideas Of property were
to be set aside and a new
and strange order Of things
created out Of hand.
The so-called labor ques-
ton Is a question only be-
cause we have not yet found
the rule of right in adjust
ing the interests of labor and
capital. ..
Here, again, the sense Of
universal partnership must
come into play If we are to
act like statesmen, as those
who serve, not q class, but a
nation"
History does not record
whether q majority Of the
American people approved all
these sentiments. For, while
Mr.. Wilson was elected in
November that year, he re-
ceived only Alb per cent of
the popular vote. Yet, due to
a split in the Republican
Party, he obtained 81.9 per
cent Of the electoral vote.
In 1916, when there were just
two major-party candidates
and some minor-party
strength, and an economic re-
cession due to the war was
prevalent in the Eastern
States, Mr.. Wilson was re-
elected. But he received only
49.3 per cent Of the popular
vote-just below Harry Tru-
mans 49.5 per cent in 1948
and John F. Kennedy's 49.7
per cent in 1860. They were
the only minority Presidents
Of the last 10 years.
The big issues of that 1912
campaign were based on criti-
cism Of the high tariff duties.
the rising cost Of living,
monopolies and credit con-
troll. Basically the voters re-
flected at the polls their at
titude on pocketbook issues.
Politics really hasn't changed
very much since those days
Of a half-century ago.
(copyright 1852.
Evening star., 1962-08-20

American supply were cut off
and food prices might fluctu-
ate, but mass starvation would
not be expected.
It Is not possible to Judge
whether American aid to India
has been producing reasonable
returns. Indians themselves,
however, are caustic in their
criticism Of the bureaucracy"
for having squandered the large
amounts Of aid provided. Who
could have done better no one
suggests.
John K ennet Galbraith.
American Ambassador, has re-
inforced his conclusion, how
ever, that the United States has
seriously miscalculated the ef-
fectiveness Of capital invest
ment alone in a developing
country when three other fac
tors are lacking.
These three factors are edu-
cation or technical Skills. $50
cial justice" meaning provision
of a fair share in the fruits
of development for the common
people, and competent admin
istrators who can channel di-
verse efforts into productive
lines.
Schools Improving
India has developed an edu-
cational system, but not enough
of one to boost the country
quickly into the goth century.
Giving all children a grade
school education still is a
dream.
AS for social justice, India
is remarkably free and demo-
cratic by Asian standards, and
commercially concerned with
assuring the lower classes a
share in the fruits of develop
ment.
But the disparity in skills be-
tween the villager and the
elite is so great a natural bar
rier to sharing the wealth that
social justice in India is still
a far-off goal.
Administrative skill in India
Evening star., 1962-08-20
Belief in InvincibiIity and New Unity
Were Stirred by Farmer Army in III
JENKIN LLOYD JONES

SARATOGA, N. Y.-Death
grinned and turned his back.
The excited Hessian soldier
fired too low. And Maj. Gen.
Benedict Arnold swayed from
his lathered horse and crum-
pied on the ground with a
bullet in his leg. Thus a hero
was saved-for infamy.
You stand on the sunny
knoll next to the quaint
monument. The monument
bears a carving of a mill
tary boot and on the other
side is engraved an account
Of the brave incident during
which the man wearing the
boot was wounded. But the
monument doesn't mention
the mans name.
You look across the daisy
spangled meadows rolling
down to the blue channel of
the upper Hudson. Far to
the east lies the haZy con-
fusion Of Vermont's Green
Mountains. Which one would
have been Mount Arnold?
When, on that afternoon
of October Z, 1777, the frus-
trated Benedict Arnold, de-
prived of his command as a
result of a personal quarrel
with Gen. Gates, roared out
onto the field without orders
immortality was very near.
He rallied the frightened
farm boys who were falling
back from the main British
bastion. Then in the cross
fire Of both armies he hur-
ried reinforcements to out
flank the Hessians in the
Breymann Redoubt. It was a
tremendous moment, and if
the bullet had only found his
heart, our country would be
sprinkled with Arnoldvilles
and Arnold Cities. The Colo
rado or the Columbia might
be known as Arnold River.
Benedict would be one Of
Americas most common first
names.
1t was 1876 years ago this
week end when it began to
dawn on Gentleman john
ny" Burgoyne that he might
be In a bit Of a jam.
He had left Quebec two
months before with 1000
seasoned British and HeSSian
regulars. a motley following
of Canadian woodsmen and
Indian allies. and 1873 gleam-
ing bronze cannon. He sailed
the length of Lake Cham
plain unopposed. He forced
the Americans to flee from
supposedly impregnable Fort
Ticonderoga by artfully
winching siege guns up the
"impossibly steep" slopes Of
Mount Defiance. An Ameri-
can relief column had been
quickly scattered at Hub
bardton.
Evening star., 1962-08-20

Indio, the worlds largest democracy.
hos been having even more thOn
its usual problems in recent months.
M. Voss recently visited the no
tion and discussed its problems
with citizens in oil woIks Of life.
This is the second Of seven articles.
Evening star., 1962-08-20
INDIA REPORT
BY EARL Fl. VOSS
Star Staff Writer

Malaria has left the village
scene in India, thanks to DDT
With a cooler brow and
fewer nightmarish nights, the
farmers feel more like getting
their bullocks and wooden plowS
out to the fields to cut shallow
furTows in the rain-softened
ground and plant the rice,
wheat and maize that feeds
most Of India's 440 million
people.
Food production has risen
40 per cent in the past decade,
thanks to better seeds, fertil-
izerS, irrigation techniques, and
the improved health Of peas
ants.
The economy has grown at
a rate Of 8 per cent a year. But
a population gain of 2 per cent
a year has kept down the in
crease in living standards that
might have been expected.
How does it happen, the visi-
tor asks the villager, that the
malaria which used to hit your
family this time of year has
disappeared?
DDT killed the mosquitoes
which brought it, comes the
prompt reply.
Source a Mystery
And where did the DDT come
from?
Few villagers know. Some
say it came from "the govern
ment." What government they
do not know. Some think the
local area government office
distributed it, but they are not
sure.
It Is Q rare villager who
knows that India's malaria
control and eradication pro-
gram was the work of Indians
under the guidance and finan-
cial support of the United
States.
Americans trained the key
personnel, supplied the micro
scopes and slides that helped
diagnose the malaria, provided
the DDT at the start of the
program, helped establish DDT
production centers, bought
jeeps and trucks, and pressed
the word-of-mouth campaign
to make India malaria con-
scious.
In the final analysis it was
Indian manpower which die
the bulk Of the job. The total
Indian contribution in salaries
of malaria-control staff, build
Evening star., 1962-08-20
DAVID LAWRENCE

Is there anything really
new under the sun-for in
stance, in the fundamentals
OF national politics?
The query came to mind as
tnls writer stood during the
week end in front of the
Governors summer mansion
at Sea Girt, N. j., where so
years ago-on August 7,
lsl2-it was his assignment,
as an Associated Press re-
porter, to cover Gov. Wood
row Wilson's speech accent
ing the Democratic Party's
presidential nomination. Mr.,
wilson had won it a month
before after an unprecedent-
ed struggle Of 46 ballots at
the Democratic National
Convention at Baltimore. A
relatively unknown figure in
politics, he had defeated the
popular speaker of the House
OF Representatives, Champ
Clark Of Missouri.
The address by Gov. VIII
son - delivered from the
porch Of the mansion to a
colorful crowd composed
largely Of prominent Demo-
Gratis in Congress and in the
party organizations through
out the country-resembles
to no small extent, as one
re-reads it today, the state
mentS by spokesmen Of the
Democratic Party Of the
l960S. 1t is always insisted
when comparisons like this
are made that circumstances
are different now" But are
they really? Here are some
extracts chosen at random
from that 1912 appeal to the
Nation to support the Demo-
cratic presidential nominee:
Plainly, it is a new age.
The tonic Of such a time is
very exhilarating. 1t requires
self-restraint not to attempt
too much, and yet it would be
cowardly to attempt too little.
The forces of the Ma
ton are asserting themselves
against every form Of special
privilege and private control,
and are seeking bigger things
than they have ever hereto
fore achieved.
Our difficulty Is not that
wicked and designing men
have plotted against us, but
that our common affairs have
been determined upon too
narrow a view, and by too
Evening star., 1962-08-20
INDIA REPORT
U.S.. Hell ps Curb Malaria,
But Gets Little Credit

big picture of American aid to
India.
Since 1851 the United States
has provided $4.3 billion worth
Of help to India, 80 per cent in
grants; 1875 per cent repayable
in dollars at low interest rates
stretching into the next cen
tury, and Sis per cent repay
able in local currency on lenient
terms.
Development loans from the
United States are financing
railways. highways, thermal
and hydroelectric plants, i'm
ports Of steel and other impor-
tant metals for industrializa-
ton, auto factories, fertilizer
plants. cement and jute pro-
duction facilities.
A few American firms, such
as Otis Elevator, Goodyear,
Firestone, Kaiser, Dayton Rub
Der, and Carrier Air Condition
ing, have established plants in
India.
Since 1851 the United States
has provided a half billion dol
lars in technical assistance for
India. more than $1.1 billion in
development aid and almost
$2.4 billion in surplus food and
other agricultural commodities.
Indian planners now regard
the surplus food as a stabilizing
reserve into which they can dip
in times Of shortage to keep
prices steady. Until two years
ago, however, the food was an
important supplement to India's
diet.
Evening star., 1962-08-20

Best Of all was Burgoyne's
grand plan. He would move
south to Albany. Gen. st.
Leger. with a force Of Tories
and Indians. would cross Lake
Ontario and come east along
the Mohawk Valley, paraly-
zing the frontier settlers. And
then Gen. Howe would bring
the main British army up
from New York ard the COL
onies would be cut in half
and the rebellion crushed.
1t was going to be quite a
lark, and to insure his pleas
ure Gentleman Johnny or
dered young British officer,
who had brought his attrac-
tive wife to remain in Ticon-
deroga as commisSary offi-
Ger. The wife went along with
Johnny.
But the Dutch-American,
Gen. Philip Schuyler. sent
axmen to fell trees across the
narrow roads. Progress slowed
to a mile a day. American
raiders burned the sparse
crops ahead of the advancing
British and drove off the
cattle. Worried now, Bur-
goyne sent an expedition
under the Hessian Col. Baum
to Bennington, VT. 20 capture
an American supply depot.
and that was when the
wheels began coming off.
In the first place. Gentle
man Johnny was so unim-
pressed by American fighting
ability that he gave Col.
Baum only 800 men to do
the job. And then Col. John
Stark, the old Indian fighter,
succeeded in arousing a supe-
rior force of Vermont and
New Hampshire farmers. And
then, 1876 years ago last
Thursday. when the clash
came four miles west Of Ben
nington, these farmers stood
their ground through two
hours Of hot fighting and fl
nally licked the tar out of
the HeSsians.
According to Burgoyne's
calculations, the mers
should have run. There was
a lot of difference between
shooting deer and standing
up to the rapid volleys of
highly-trained and disciplined
European regulars.
Besides, Americans hadn't
really thought Of them
selves as Americans. They
were Rhode Islanders or
Pennsylvanians or Virgin
ians. New York and New
Hampshire had almost gone
to war with each other over
the Vermont grants. A lot Of
Stark's men had never heard
the term United States"
But after Bennington,
word spread like wildfire
Evening star., 1962-08-20

is also exemplary, in compari-
son with other developing ma
tions.
The magnitude Of India's
problems is so staggering, how
ever, that the remarkably
skilled civil service is frequently
spread too thin.
Tomorrow: Agricultural Prob.
lens.
Evening star., 1962-08-20
Some Criticism

Despite the seeming enormity
Of the American food contribu-
ton, it does not mean the diff
ference between survival and
death for India, as the Indians
frequently point out. India
grows about 80 million tons of
grain a year and has been get
ting an average Of 2 million
tons from the United States.
Further belt tightening no
doubt would be necessary if the
Evening star., 1962-08-20

|
its usual problems in recent months.
M. Voss recently visited the no
tion and discussed its problems
with citizens in oil woIks Of life.
This is the second Of seven articles.
ings, locally produced DOT.
equipment and transportation
was $214.S million. The United
States spent $152 million. The
World Health Organization
contributed something over 50
million.
U. s. Specialists Aided
But the inspiration. impetus
and key ingredients came from
three postwar American Pres
idents, their Congresses, and,
primarily. from American spe-
cialiSts, working over the past
decade with India's competent
civil service.
The drag malaria was on
India's progress has largely
been forgotten. Before World
War II, 100 million people had
malaria each year and 2 mil
lion died from 1t.
Food production was only
one area adversely affected. In
the Bengal delta, jute fields
went untended and jute mills
bad to be closed.
AS many as Is per cent of
the working force in the tea
gardens Of Bengal and Assam
were laid low at the peak OF
each plucking season.
Malaria in a particularly
virulent form struck hard at
workers in coal, iron, mangan-
ese and mica mines Of eastern
India. An important railway
in Raipur was not completed
for decades because of the
ravages of malaria among the
working forces.
Construction of the Sharda
Canal hydroelectric and irriga-
ton project in Uttar Pradesh
was delayed for years because
the work crews were hampered
by malaria.
Life Expectancy Gains
Newborn babies could ex-
pect to live only 80 years in
the decade of the 194OS. Now
life expectancy at birth IS AZ
years.
The malaria control program
has been a shining success but
it is only a small part Of the
Evening star., 1962-08-26
Mr.. Simpson,
Miss Clark
Are Married

Mr.. and Mrs. Luther Clark
of Waukegan, Ill. announce
the marriage of their daugh-
ter Jacqueline to Mr.. Stephen
Milton Simpson. jr., son of
Mr.. and Mrs. Stephen Milton
Simpson Of this city. The
wedding took place August II
at Andover Chapel of the
Harvard Divinity School,
Cambridge, Mass.
The bride studied mathe-
mates at Massachusetts, In
stitute Of Technology. where
she held a National Merit
Scholarship. She was presi-
dent Of the freshman wom-
ems dormitory and secretary
of the Association Of Women
Students.
The bridegroom was grad
uated from Landon School
for Boys. Bethesda, and Yale
University. where he received
a bachelors degree in phys
les and was a member of Phi
Beta Kappa and Sigma XII.
He received his Ph.D. in geo.
physics from Massachusetts,
Institute of Technology.
After a trip to Fire Island,
New York, and Kinston. ia
maica, the couple will live in
Brighton, Mass.
Evening star., 1962-08-26
Lucille SWdnton To Head Group

Clubs annual convention held
here in Washington.
The newly-named chair
man thinks ToastmistreSs
training is valuable to all
women who may have to
speak publicly or serve as an
officer or committee chair
man of an organization.
In her own case. Mrs.
Swanton says. her Toastmis-
tress activities interested her
in a study of parliamentary
law, which led to her becom-
ing a registered parliament
tartan.
This in turn led to her
Evening star., 1962-08-26
Pyramid
Your Patio

For patio decoration, try
gay plants in clay pots ar
ranged in pyramid fashion.
Start with a large dracaena
in q 12-inch clay pot and
surround it with vivid
lantana in 6-inch pots, plac-
ing them in a circle around
the large pot-or. if your
decoration is to be used to
enhance a wall, in a semi
circle.
Next, place another circle
or Semicircle of 4-inch pots
holding white alyssum around
the pots of lantana. You can,
of course. substitute a host
Of other favorite plants. but
make certain to consult your
Evening star., 1962-08-26

Mrs. Lucille Swanton Of
Silver Spring has been elect
ed ToastmistreSS Council
Chairman for six States and
the District of Columbia.
Mrs. Swanton has served
as treasurer. secretary. pro-
gram chairman. parliament
tartan, historian. nominating
committee chairman, resO-
lutions chairman. bylaws
checking chairman. delegate
and club representative Of
the organization.
Last year she served as
planner and secretary to the
International ToastmistresS
Evening star., 1962-08-26
WELCOME BACK, MUMMY
Interest Galore

The change from texture
interest to surface interest
in fabrics, with emphasis on
softness. smoothness, inter-
esting colors and patterns is
causing comment this fall.
Evening star., 1962-08-26
Knit News

Knitwear Is bigger than
ever for fall, with fitted
jackets, gored skirts, redin-
cote coats, bubbly pull-over,
and leather trims proving
fashion fascinating.
Evening star., 1962-08-26
Take Your Pick

The contradictory fall
looks, one ultrafeminine, the
other boyish. the one all
Garbo and Mata Hari, the
other the cowboy are yours
to choose.
Evening star., 1962-08-26

serving as a parliamentarian
for the White House Confer
ence on Children and Youth
and also the White House
Conference on Aging.