davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-10-07
Vital Role
OF Secretary
OF State
THE AMERICAN Score

THE AMERICAN SECRE-
TARY OF STATE. BY
Alexander DeConde. Fred-
erick A. Praeger; $4.50)
This is a useful book be-
cause 1t vividly illustrates
both the Importance and the
difficulties of the Secretary
Of State of the United States
and should excite q little
more understanding by the
American people Of the ter
rifle tasks facing anyone who
holds that impossible" post.
Prof. DeConde, Of the Uni
versity Of California, gives an
interesting account Of the
development Of the office Of
Secretary of State. He ex-
amines it from many aspects:
The responsibilities, powers
and limitations of the Secre-
tary Of State: his qualifica-
tions and bases for selection;
and his former position as
heir apparent and prime
minister under the President.
He discusses the Secretaries
he regards as figureheads,
although one might question
his choice Of one or two he
too easily places in that
category.
Expanded Responsibility
He concludes rightly that
only with a partnership be-
tween the President and the
Secretary Of State, with the
President having the ultimate
authority but not trying to be
his own Secretary Of State,
can there be truly effective
conduct of American foreign
relations. Although he quotes
sharp criticism Of the global
travels Of the modern Secre-
tary Of State, he admits that
the vastly expanded RESPONSE
bility and worldwide COM
mitments of the United
States, among other reasons,
have rendered it necessary.
Prof. DeConde defines the
outstanding Secretary as one
who has great ideas and
principles, who has been
given the power to participate
in the making Of important
decisions and to mold his
ideas into policy, and who
has the diplomatic skill and
craftsmanship to carry out
that policy in international
affairs.
Prof. DeConte attempts to
select the 10 best Secretaries
of State in order Of achieve
ment. One can quarrel both
with the rank he gives them
and with the fact Of making
the choice, for 1t Is difficult
to see how true comparisons
can be made between the
Secretary of State Of a CEN
tury ago, when we had no
commitments overseas, and
the Secretary Of today who
is enmeshed in relations with
more than 100 other nations,
the United Nations, regional
security organizations, and
alliances with AZ other coun-
tries. But the author can be
forgiven for conforming to
our national habit Of making
box-scores on every activity.
ANDREW BERDING.
Evening star., 1962-10-07
FICTION

THE LITTLE WORLD OF
THE PAST. BY Antonio
Fogazzaro. (Oxford Univer-
sity Press; So The first
novel to be included in OK
ford's Italian classics series
tells the story Of a family
in Lombardy.
LIFE ON THE MISSISSIPPI.
BY Mark Twain. (Oxford
University Press; $2.750
Mark Twain's classic (Wil-
liam Dean Howells said
Twain considered it his best
book now Joins "Moby
Dick" and Booker T.
Washington Auto
biography" in Oxford's ex-
cellent series Of small but
well made books.
Evening star., 1962-10-07

their vocabulary or trim the
heart out of their stories by
self imposed censorship /.
Short and long, these stories
and books have the power to
satisfy the child's natural
love for victorious adventure.
At the same time, without
shallow preaching, they en-
phasize the qualities of love,
honor and duty.
Indian Princess
ACROSS FROM INDIAN
SHORE by Barbara Robinson
Gothrop. $500 is about a
ten-year-old boy who loved
the woods and all the animals
in it, even skunks. Naturally,
Luke found it a burden to
buckle down to the chores
that big brother John insisted
should come first.
AS his tenth summer went
by, Luke worried and worried
about the real Indian Princess
who lived on the opposite
shore. If he didn't visit her
soon, it might be too late.
The Princess was 80 old that
her voice was crackly as dry
twigs on the forest floor. Her
skin was like a piece of
weathered driftwood, and she
moved as softly as any stalk-
Evening star., 1962-10-07
AMERICA AND THE WORLD

REVOLUTION. BY Arnold
j. Toynbee. (Oxford Uni
versity Press: $4.750
Among the books sure to
trouble the conscience Of a
conservative. and which ought
to trouble the consciences Of
all Americans, is Arnold
Toynbee's collection Of lee
lures concerned with
Americas leadership In the
world. Not the novelty Of the
views but their soundness
should disturb us.
Central to all the lectures
is this British historians con-
viction that the present battle
Of ideologies between the
United States and Russia
lacks enduring significance
except as part Of the much
broader struggle for social
justice-the movement to give
"the benefits Of civilization to
that huge majority Of the
human race that has paid for
civilization, without sharing
in its benefits, during the
first five thousand years of
civilizations existence"
Mass Suicide
This movement, he argues,
provided the force that made
audible the shot heard round
the world. It, rather than
political democracy, is the
spiritual commodity which
the world has admired in the
American Revolution.
Toynbee is, Of course, will
ing to grant that the battle
of ideologies may at any
moment gain a different
significance by plunging
humanity into mass suicide
through the use Of atomic
weapons. The only alterna-
tive, he argues. is establish
ment of a world state.
Glancing back through the
hall of mirrors that gives the
historian his unique perspec-
tive, he notes that the Roman
and Chinese empires were
world states, and that both
came into being as alterna-
tives to self-destruction.
This Is the kind Of view
certain to distress Barry
Goldwater, Ayn Rand, and
the OAR, but Toynbee's
perspective encompasses more
of both past and future than
these people customarily see.
Americans have not re-
Evening star., 1962-10-07

BIB SUR. A novel by Jack
Kerouac. (Farrar, Strauss
& Cudahy; $4.500
my work." says Mr.. Ke-
rouac, comprises one vast
book like Proust's except that
my remembrances are written
on the run instead Of after
wards in a sick bed" But the
trouble is that 1t must be
hard to sort out and objectify
remembrances on the run.
big Sur" is as shapeleSs as
dough. 1t relies on no
rhythm that can be detected,
and, lacking all points Of
Evening star., 1962-10-07

American Revolution and
in this book he presents
his own account Of the
attempt Of the Church Of
England to expand its
influence and establish it
self as the state church in
the American Colonies in
the period from 1889 to
IT'S.
GRECIAN CALENDAR. BY
christopher Rand. (Oxford;
$4.75.) After observing
both the Greeks and tour
lists for a year, Mr.. Rand
presents an introduction to
Greece for both the Greece
bound tourist and for the
proverbial armchair travel
er.
SKYHOOKS. BY Kurt r.
Stehling and William Bel
Ter. Doubleday; $4.950
The story of men and bal
looms from 1873 to the
present.
THE WAR IN THE AIR. BY
Gene Gurney, Major USAF.
Grown; $7.500 A pictorial
. history Of World War II
air forces in combat.
ALL THE WAY DOWN. The
Violent Underworld Of
Street Gangs, by Vincent
Riccio and Bill Slocum.
(Simon & Schuster;
$3.950 The story Of the
authors five years as a
street worker for the New
York City Youth Board.
THE GOLDEN ROAD. BY
Felix Riesenberger, jr. INC
Graw-Hill; $685. The
story of the c alifornia
Spanish mission trail. Lat
est addition to the "Ameri-
can Trails Series"
THE NATURE OF LIFE. BY
C. H. Waddington. (Athen-
cum; $4) The main prob
lens and trends Of thought
in modern biology.
Evening star., 1962-10-07
THE DESEGREGATED

THE Desc REGATED
HEART. By Sarah Patton
Boyle. civilian Morrow &
Co.; So
Contrary to the titles i'm
plications, 1.-THE Desegregated
Heart" is not q tale Of BIZ
racial romance. 1t is Sarah
Patton Boyle's personal &C.
count Of the Illustrations, the
anguish, the despair, the
loneliness and finally the
spiritual reward experienced
by this gentle born white
lady who became one Of Vir-
ginia's most militant cru
saders for integration. When
Virginia's leaders (and most
followers, tool were saying
never, never" to the Federal
courts, Mrs. Boyle was writ
ing articles such as South
erners viii Like Integration."
She badgered the local press
to use "Mr." and Mrs" be-
for Negroes names. She well
coined the first Negro to en-
roll at the University Of Vir-
ginia where her husband
taught. She filled letters-to-
the-editor columns with pleas
for brotherhood.
Unfortunately. crusades are
best described by those who
do not lead them. The cru
saders are so far out In front
they sometimes cannot see
what occurs to the rear.
More than once Mrs. Boyle
laments the inaction of 9TH
ers who secretly feel as she
does. She sorrows for those
who fear to speak out lest
they fall in social disfavor.
Possibly she was unaware Of
Evening star., 1962-10-07
Crusader for Virginia |ntegrotion

the Richmond State Senator
who stood before a packed
gallery at the State capitol
and vowed that his daughters
would stay right in an inte-
grated school. Or Of another
Senator from the southwest
part of the State who bluntly
told the same gallery that he
believed integration was
morally right. And in de-
scribing the ultimate demise
of massive resistance" Mrs.
Boyle mistakenly gives full
credit to the Federal courts.
It should hearten her to
learn that 1t was Virginia's
Evening star., 1962-10-07
Arnold Toynbee Surveys the Battle
Of IdeoIoqies Between Reds and U.S..

can representatives who can
not adapt themselves to liv-
ing among the people in
whose countries they serve,
wholesale rebellion against
Madison avenue, and full sup
port Of the Peace Corps. In
these ways America may yet
be able to "rejoin her own
revolution"
Why the Difference
The world is less likely to
succumb to totalitarianism
today than 1t was in 1910.
says Toynbee, but character
istically America was con-
cerned to remain neutral
while Nazi Germany made
war against the entire hu-
man race. Today, Americans
are threatening global de-
struction with atomic weap-
ons. How can we account
for the difference?
Toynbee's answer is that
we are afraid Of being hit in
the pocketbook. This reply
is oversimplified, Of course,
and Toynbee himself points
out that the characteristic Of
the American empire (what
else is it, he asks, with its
far-flung bases for all the
world like imperial Rome's
provincial outpostsO is that
it has paid generously for
what it has taken.
Candid Criticism
These three sets Of lectures,
delivered in the past two
years at universities in the
Western Hemisphere, offer
the insights Of a historian
whose historical philosophy
has become the best known in
our time. They are packed
with friendly but candid
criticism, and though they
jar the air-conditioned as
sumptions on which we sit,
we should study them care
fully.
AS American Congressman
start talking again Of invad-
ing Cuba, they can afford to
ponder the discrepancy be-
tween their outraged morality
when the Anglo Francois
raeli forces attacked Egypt
and their lack Of concern
with morality in writing off
an attack on Cuba as an ad-
ministrative fiasco.
Z ARTHUR COLLINS.
Evening star., 1962-10-07
New Books of the Fall Season in Brief Review

and the major poets them
selves, exclusive of Milton.
THE FIELDS OF LIGHT.
An Experiment In Critical
Reading. By Reuben Arthur
Brewer. (Oxford; $1.50)
This book offers an expert
ment in exploring the i'm
aginative structure of a
particular poem, play or
novel, as the surest and
most rewarding way to
reach a fuller understand
ing of a work Of literature.
A READERS GUIDE TO
THE CONTEMPORARY
ENGLISH NOVEL. BY
Frederick r. Karl. Noon
day; $l.95) A study which
attempts to define and
evaluate the main move
ments in the English novel
since Joyce.
FROM CHEKHOV TO THE
REVOLUTION. BY Marc
Slonim. (Oxford; $1.50O
Russian literature 1900
1917. This book reproduces
the first 10 chapters of
Modern Russian Litera-
tuue: From Chekhov to the
Present" published in 1853
and presently out Of print.
MAN ALONE: Alienation in
Modern Society. Edited and
with an introduction by
Eric and Mary Josephson.
Dell; 95 cents) A collec-
ton of writings by such
eminent contributors as
Marx, Fromm, Mumford,
Mills, James Baldwin, Will
liam Barrett, Dostoyevsky,
Bethlehem. Whyte and nu-
merous others.
A WEST WIND RISES. BY
Bruce Cutler. university
of Nebraska; S1.60O Bruce
Cutters narrative poem of
the "Marais des Cygnes
Massacre" which occurred
in a hamlet called Trading
Evening star., 1962-10-07

own Supreme Court Of APP
peals which first struck down
the resistance laws q few
hours before a Federal court
ruling accomplishing the
same end was issued. Per-
haps some of those silent"
Virginians we're busy under
mining the once-frantic
course that could have led
Virginia down the road to
Mississippi. And perhaps Mrs.
Boyle's narrative would have
more impact had it been
written by a daughter OF
Mississippi.
MARY LOU WERNER.
Evening star., 1962-10-07
GENERAL

THE SAVOY OPERAS. BY
w. s. Gilbert. With an in
PRODUCTION by Lord David
Cecil. (Oxford University
Press; $2.75O-This is the
first volume of two small
but well made ones which
will bring all of Gilbert's
libretti of the Gilbert and
Sullivan operas into a han
dy form. This one included
Trial by Jury" "The Sor-
cerer," III. M. S. Pinafore." 4"
THE Pirates of Penzance," +"
Patience" ''Iolanthe" and
Princess Ida"
USELESS MEMOIRS. BY
Carlo Gozzi. (Oxford Uni
yersity Press; $4.75)-This
is the John A ddington
Symonds translation of the
rare autobiography of the
brilliant We ne tia n play
wright. It was first pub
lished in 1877 and has long
been a connoisseur's item
as a varied panorama of
Venetian m a nners and
morals Of the 18th century.
THE DIARY OF ONE OF
GARIBALDPS THOU
SAND. By Giuseppe Cesar
Abba. (Oxford University
Press; $3.750-A 22-year-
old soldier with a talent for
writing jotted down his i'm
pressions of Garibaldi's
campaign in Sicily and on
the Volturno and it has
become a classic of war
writing. This is a new edi-
ton.
MITRE AND SCEPTRE:
Transatlantic Faiths,
Ideas, Personalities and
Politics - 1689-1775. BY
Carl Bridenbaugh. (OXford
University Press; $3.50.
Carl Bridenbaugh, profess
sor at Brown University,
believes that religion was q
fundamental cause Of the
Evening star., 1962-10-07
Mysteries

AS. Halloween approaches,
there is special appreciation
for the well-done story Of
mysterious happenings and
ghostly adventures. such as:
SAMSON CATCHES A
MYSTERY by Le Grand
(Houghton. So.
THE MYSTERY CARGO
by Jean Boutwell, Disl,
$2.75).
MR.. MYSTERIOUS AND
COMPANY by Sid Fleisch-
man Little Brown. $3.25).
HOLD-UP ON B0OTJACK
HILL by Marion Garthwaite
doubleday. $2.75).
ALFRED HITCHCOCK'S
GHOSTLY GALLERY (Ran-
dom House. $3.50.
Evening star., 1962-10-07
PAPERBAcKS

SEVEN FACES OF LOVE. BY
Andre Maurois. CA Dolphin
Book; 95 cents) Taking
love as the basic theme
Andre Maurois of the Acad-
emie Franchise, traces its
configurations in the
French mind and in the
works of seven major nov
elists over the course of
four centuries-Mme. de Ia
Fayette, Rousseau, Laclos,
Stendhal, Balzac, Flaubert
and Proust. (Reprint)
SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
POETRY. Edited by Will
liam r. Keast. (Oxfor d;
$2.25.) The 27 essays in
this collection discuss 18th
century poetry generally
Evening star., 1962-10-07
To Be Reviewed

The following books will be re-
viewed on the editorioI pose Of The
Stor this week:
MoNDAY-"The Hotehet Men, "
by Richard n. Dillon. Coward
Mcconn.l
WEDNESDAY-"Lost Tribes and
Sunken Continents" by Robert
Wouehope. University Of chieoso.l
FRIDAY - when It's Laughter
You're After" by Stswort Harrol.
University Of okIohomo.)
Evening star., 1962-10-07
FOR BOYS AND GIRLS
New Adventure oIes
Emphasize Courage
BY BARBARA NOLEN
ContributtnR Writer

The competition of movies and TV has thrown chal-
lenge to chdrens field to produce realistic
stories Teen-agers breaking down the barrier by reject
unor novel; and by reading more books originally
published for adults But what about the boys and girls
yet in their teens who also demanding more realism
and genuine adventure? Who is writing for them?
The best realistic adventure stories, those which offer
the most are being written by authors who respect the
Intelligence of their young audience who limit
Evening star., 1962-10-07
A Candid Account
OF Unrequited Love

kind Of pain into fiction.
Miss Athill has decided on
the more direct and difficult
approach for which she may
or may not be applauded by
her sister.
MARY McGRORY.
Evening star., 1962-10-07

Post in Kansas Territory
on May 10, 1858.
BY THE WATERS OF MAN.
HAITIAN. Selected Verse by
Charles Reznikoff. Intro
duction by c. P. Snow.
New Directions; $1.250
Evening star., 1962-04-20
Many Physicians
Leuvinq Britain

Great Britain is losing its
physicians through an annual
emigration equal to more than
a third of the country's crop
of medical graduates, the
American Medical Association
said today.
The ANA based its figures
on a report in the British
Medical Journal. The author
of the original report suggested
that the men may be emigrat-
ing because the country's Ma
tional Health Service is rel
atively unattractive to young
doctors economically. profess
sionally and Realistically"
From 1856 to 1860, the num-
ber of Britons entering practice
in the United States annually
rose steadily from 104 to 1872,
the ANA said.
Evening star., 1962-04-20
Hebert AssaiIs
Mcnamara on
ReOrgdnizing
BY the Associated Press

Representative Hebert, Dem
ocrat Of Louisiana, says Secre-
tary of Defense Mcnamara has
downgraded the military chiefs
and diluted the authority Of
the civilian service secretaries. "
Mr.. Hebert, chairman Of q
House Armed Services Subcom-
mittee. voiced the criticism yes
terday after hearing testimony
that the Defense Department,
rather than the Army, origi-
mated the announced plan to
reorganize and cut back the size
Of the Army's reserve forces.
The plan calls for disbanding
about 824 small units-some
only two-man attachments
and realigning larger outfits In
cutting $4,000 men from the
reserve strength and $4,000 9TH
ers from National Guard man.
power. Eight divisions would be
disbanded, with most of their
men regrouped into brigades.
The heads of the Army's
Guard and Reserve Bureaus
have reluctantly indorsed the
plan and Chairman Mahon,
Democrat Of Texas, of O De-
fense Appropriations Commit
tee has predicted Congress will
not approve it.
Mr.. Hebert likened Mr.. Nc
Namara to a military ruler who
overrides his advisers and then
gives them "a fair and i'm
partial trial before they are
hanged"
Carlisle P. Runge. Assistant
Secretary Of Defense for Man.
power. was questioned for the
third day about the plan. 1t
is expected to save about $6l
million by cutting manpower
Mr.. Runge said that with
changed military requirements,
there no longer is a need for
units equipped with antiair-
craft and similar outmoded
weapons. He said he person.
ally favors giving better equip
ment and training to priority
units, such as would be set UP
under the reorganization.
Evening star., 1962-04-20

shoots in the 80s regularly and
twice has shot q hole -in-one.
He is known in flower circles
for the quality of the hybrid
irises he raises. They have won
prizes in Worcester, his home
city, and Boston.
Mr.. Plumley is married to the
former Christine Larsen OF
Seattle, Wash, who had beer
dean of nursing at the Univer-
sity of California. They have
two daughters, Mrs. David
Ljungberg Of Holden. Mass.
and Mrs. A. Paul Arruda. jr.. OF
Waltham, Mass.
Evening star., 1962-04-20
Morkup Told
On Hearing Aids
BY the Associated Press

Senate investigators said
yesterday suggested retail
prices of leading hearing aid
manufacturers provide for
dealer marKups ranging from
SO to 304 per cent.
The Senate Antitrust Sub
committee said the data was
compiled from information
furnished by manufacturers
with sales of 81 million of more
in 1860.
Tables Of figures placed in
the record put the average
price paid by dealers for hear
ing aids at around $100 and
listed most dealer markups in
excess Of $50 per cent.
The subcommittee is invest
igating what Chairman Ke-
fauver, Democrat Of Tennessee,
has termed the high prices
for hearing aids.
Evening star., 1962-04-20
HEADLINE PERSONALITY
PIumIeyG Got OffTrom
And Started to the TOP

During 9 summer vacation in
his prep school days, H. Ladd
Plumley. new president of the
United States Chamber Of
Commerce. went out to look
for a job.
Getting off a streetcar in
downtown Hartford, Conn, he
went into buildings as he came
to them. The third was the
Travellers Insurance Co.
Somewhat to his surprise, he
landed a job as an $8-a-week
office boy. This was the begin
ming of a career which has
brought him not only to his
present position with the
chamber but also to the top of
the fifth oldest and 26th largest
insurance company in the
country-the State Mutual Life
Assurance Co. 1t has So billion
Of life insurance in force.
Whatever young Plumley's
surprise was in getting his job,
that Of his father, who was an
executive with General Motors.
was greater. He expressed
skepticism that his son was
doing anything worth So a
week.
A little later there was a
general pay increase in the
company and he received a So
a-week increase. Going home.
he said: See what they think
of me-"
Takes 1t up in Earnest
He went into the insurance
business in earnest after
Hotchkiss School and Williams
College. He took a full-time
job in Travellers group division
underwriting department. Ac-
cording to his friends, he still
is remembered there as "an
excellent manager of men and
a square shooter"
Early in World War II. Mr..
Plumley was the principal au-
thor Of the War Departments
group insurance rating plan.
He also worked on insurance
matters for the Marine Corps
and the Navy before he Joined
the Army as a major and
served in the fiscal directors
office here in Washington.
1t was only after the war
that he Joined State Mutual
Life Assurance Co. and organ
lied its group department. He
became the company's presi-
dent in 1851 after the death Of
George Avery White.
Always active in civic affairs,
the 59-year-old executive has
been a director of the United
States Chamber since 1856. His
biographical sketch reports
that he is convinced that bus
inesSmen must take their
know-how into the political
arena if freedom, incentive and
private enterprise are to be
preserved and strengthened"
CriticiZeS u. S. on Steel
In his position as head OF
the usually conservative busi-
ness organization, Mr.. Plumley
a tallish man with graying hair
and a forceful manner OF
Evening star., 1962-04-20
Rood Fund Checkup

The Bureau Of Public Roads
is sending inspectors to Louisi-
ana to check reports Of irregu-
larities in construction of Fed
eral-aid highways.
Evening star., 1962-04-20

FULL NAME-H. lodd Plumley.
CLAIM TO FAME-New pres
ident of the United Stotes
Chomber Of Commerce.
HoME-Worcester, Moss.
BIRTH DATE-Moy l3, 1902.
in Waterbury, Conn.
EDUcATloN-Hotchkiss School,
WilIioms College ID. A.. 1925.
JoBS-President Of Stote Mu-
tuoI Life Assurance Co.; chair
mon Of the boards Of Worces-
ter Mutual Fire Insurance Co.
ond Guorontee Mutuol Assur-
once Co. of America; lieutenont
colonel in charge Of Govern
ment life insurance section in
World War u; underwater ond
executive with Travellers Insur-
once Co.
FAMllY-Morried to former
Christine A. Lorsen Of SeottIe,
Wosh.; two daughters. Mrs.
Dovid E. Money! Liunebers
and Mrs. A. PouI tSuson) Ar
iudo. il.
HoBBIES-GoIf and growing hy-
brid iris.
speaking, faces a decided chal
lenge in carrying out his views
He wasted little time in ex'
pressing them. At a news con
ference yesterday when hi
selection as president was an
nounced, he spoke out on thu
administrations battle will
the steel industry over a pric'
increase.
He said the way Government
forces we're marshaled agains
the steel industry was "disquiet
ing" and that investors ar
worried "as to whether we ar
to have prices administered b,
the Government"
Mr.. Plumley, who will b
spending much time in Wash
ington, follows the Chamber
traditional point of view. He be
lieves that Government shoul
interfere as little as poSsibl
with business. But he also be
lieveS there must be co-opera
ton between Government an
business.
One of his first tasks will b
to try to promote that cooper
alton at the White House.
Coils in sos
Mr.. Plumley golfs and raise
flowers. On the golf course h
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1962-08-10
ERITREA: GOD And The ABCs

IN ADENGOFO. ERITREA, NOT ONE CATHOLIC IN 50
KNOWS HOW TO READ OR WRITE. The reason? ALDEN.