davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-24

officer of the Institute Of
Higher Education, last week
in New York.
DR.. McGrath, who togeth-
er with Prof. Willis ]. Wa
ger of Boston University had
just published Liberal Edu-
cation and Music" a re-
search study issued by the
Bureau of Publications of
Teachers College, Columbia
University, had some harsh
things to report about the
current state of American
music education.
Sciences Neglected
He found that in nine of
the rs schools of music he
and his colleague had stud
led, no work at all in the
sciences and the social SCI
ences was required for the
Bachelor of Music degree.
AS for the specific gravity
and weight of the curricu-
lum offered music majors,
performing musicians, and
future teachers of music, the
word he used in discussing
the matter was "pitiful."
He charged that musicians
are being consistently de-
prived Of a sound liberal
education, and that their
general background is con-
sistently inferior to that of
other professional men and
women.
No Immediate Solution
AS an example, the Nc
Gratn wager study notes
that the National League Of
Nursing Education considered
a $3.50 division between the
liberal and the professional
components Of the college,
level nursing curriculum the
norm back in 1850, while
the National Association of
Schools Of Music today feels
that a mere IS per cent of
general educational content
Is sufficient.
The solution?
None in the regular four
year curriculum, said DR..
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-24
NEWS OF MUSIC
Do Music Majors
Lack Good Schooling?
By IRVING LOWENS
Star Music Critic

Would you say that college students Of today maorng
In music getting first-rate general education?
their schooling nonmuscal subjects equivalent
that received by other specialists such engineers,
physicians and dentists?
Are they just well suited most other college
graduates their place in contemporary society
responsible informed citizens?
The answer, according to former United States Com
missioner Education is resouning emphatic mo-
So said DR.. Earl j. McGrath, at present executive
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-24
LATEST TV INFORMATION

Televison programs for the week are listed in Tv
Magazine with Sundays Star Following supplementary
information received after Tv Magazine to press
400, WRC (D-Decade of Crisis CPre-empted last
week. The University of Maryland presents discussion
of science and disarmament
900. WTTG (5)-Open End " K. Krishns Menon.
Indias defense minister interviewed by David
kind Pre-empts the scheduled discussion on The
of Literature"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-24

McGrath. To squeeze a full
program of liberal arts, music
specialization, and teacher
training into the usual space
of time was an impossible
task"
The only way out was five
or six years of college prep
aration instead of four, &C
cording to the investigators.
So next time you happen to
be speaking to your favorite
young music teacher and he
doesn't seem quite up on the
latest currents in existential-
list philosophy, or his knowl-
edge of the Van Allen belt
appears somewhat Sketchy,
you'll know the reason why.
= = =
Stravinsky's SOth Birthday
Despite the scholars, Igor
Stravinsky celebrated his Both
birthday last Monday, June
18, and not on June II, the
day he was born.
He spent the day quietly
in Lubbock. Germany, and
paid a visit to the church
where Bach was once organ
list.
Meanwhile, Robert Craft
(who is accompanying the
maestro as usual was con-
Quoting three of Stravinsky's
Greek ballets-Orpheus,
Apollo, and Agon-in the
Hamburg Opera House.
Stravinsky returned to the
United States Immediately
after his birthday, arriving in
New York on June 10. His
latest tour included North
Africa and the Middle East
as well as parts of Europe.
=
NEWS FROM HERE-The
Wreckers, Polish jazz combo
which helped make the re-
cent Washington Jazz Fes-
tival international, appear
today on the CHS television
network show, Who in the
World (WTOP-9, 9.30-10:00
p.m0. The group is travel
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-24
FIN Stations
WHFs-FM-ioz.J Nc. tstersSl-
40 to midnight MsH.-Fri.;


WAMU-FM-ss.S Me.-4p.m. to II pm.
Msn.-Fri.; 4 pm. to II pm. Sunday.
W0I-FM-ss.1 Me.-s:eo an. TO midnight.
WFAN-FM-100.3 Me- an. to midnight.
WEDc-FM-1oi.1 Me.-2l-hOur operation.
WeMs-FM-1o3.s Me.-24-h0ur OperstisH
eXeept I:3o an. to midnight on Sunday.
WeTs-FM-s1.s Me.-7;3o to 10 pm. Mon.-
FIJI; $50 to 4 Pm; Sunday, 5 to 10 pm.
WXRA-FM-I0s.s Me.-17 Hson to midnight.
WMAL-FM-1o1.3 Me.-sa. 10 1;ls an.
WPec-FM-ss.5 Me.-s an. to Il pm.
WJMB-FM-s4.I Me- an. to midnight.
WeAY-FM-ss.s Me.-s an. to midnight.
WAVA-FM-10s.1 Me.-s an. 10 II pm.
WRc-FM-s3.s Me.-s:3o an. 10 I an.
WT0P-FM-ss.3 Me.-s;2s an. to 2:Io an.
WAsH-FM-s1.1 Mia to 17:15 an.
WeTB-FM-so.1 Me.-Silent until october.
WPRW-FM-1Oe.1 Nc. $50 an. to midnight
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-24
PROGRAM OF EVENTS:
AT STATE HOUSE (DAHY)

AT STATE HOUSE DAILY
ORIGINAL DRAFT OF EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION m
uNColNS HANDWRITING
Second DO Of Gettysburg Address Civil War Small Arms Exhibit
Original Annapolis Surrender Document
Original Letters Of President Lincoln Mrs. Lincoln Lee and
General Lees Comp Chair Admiral Buehunun Confederate Uniform
Civil War MedieuIDentu Kit Distinctive Civil War Oil Pcintnos
Exhibits from Maryland Historical Society and Peoe Museum
Exhibit from eueh Of the Tdewuter Counties
Original Cunier und Ives Prints Of Civil War Period
Exhibit Of Roood eommemoune their I3st anniversary
Moonds famous Silver Service. originally presented to the Uss
Maryland in 1906 Eoeh County recognized in this Silver
service.
AT CITY DOCK
Army AmphibiOus Vessels Uuy onIy)
AT u S. NAVAL ACADEMY
Floating Exhibit Of NGT and Marine Corps Modem Weapons
Missiles and Rockets throughout Exhibit You are invited
aboard This Al naval vessel
AT U. S. NAVAL ACADEMY MUSEUM
General erunts Sword
Ship Models Of Monitor and Mmoek famous War Croft
Hundreds of Other Distinctive Displays
SPECIAL EVENTS PM, JULY
House of Delegates Characteristic House
Portrayal Of Chief Justice Roger Brooke Toney presiding famous
Civil War Trial Of TN Re Merrymun"
(eost Of ehorocters from coIvert County,.
1880 PM, JULY
The Ceremony Of Flags Of the stutes"
Preceding
Gigantic 4th Of July Municipal Fireworks Display
at Studium
All Events Free-Seats for Everyone at Stadium
Fine Public Facilities
PLENTY OF FREE PARKING
Spend 4h Of July in Annapolis visit Sute Capitol
earlier in week. You will be cordoy received An interesting
educational program for young and old Cwus you Also
examples of the armed might Of the United Stues
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-24
FRIDAY

UNITED STATES AIR FORCE SYM
PHONY ORCHESTRA, Capt. John F.
YeSulaitis, conductor. Soloist: James
Keene, violin. The Watergate, $50
pm. Overture to Russian and
Ludmilla. Glinka; Concerto No. .
in D Minor, Wieniawski: Dances of
Galanta. Kodaly: Espana Rhapsody,
Chabrier: Gold and Silver Waltz,
Lehar;- Selections from Ny Fair
Lady, Loewe.
UNITED STATES ARMY BAND, Capt.
Gilbert Mitchell. conductor. Solo,
lists: Robert Lewis, euphonium
Leslie Quinn, baritone (vocaD
Capitol Plaza, 8 pm. Washington
Grays March, .Grafulla; Overture to
La Cenerentola, RoSsini; Colonial
Song. Grainger: Molly On the Shore.
Granger: Andante ct Allegro, Barat
Slavonic Dance No. 8, Dvorak; The
gree Lance March, Sousa; Selections
from The King and l, Rodgers;
Shalom. from Milk and Honey, Her
man; L'Ultima Canzone. Tosti:
Finale, from West Point Symphony
DVOrak
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-24
WEDNESDAY

NORTHWESTERN SENIOR HIGH
SCHOOL BAND, Michael ROnca,
conductor. Magruder Park. Hyatts-
vile, s pm Program not available.
UNITED STATES MARINE BAND
Can't. James King, conductor. Solo,
lists: Arthur Lehman, euphonium;
Joseph Leo, clarinet; William Jones,
baritone (vocaD. Capitol Plaza, s
pm. March and Procession OF
Bacchus, from Sylvia, DelibeS;
Overture to the Merry Wives Of
Windsor. Nicolai: Original Fantasia,
Mantia; Jerome Kern Fantasy,
Hunsberger; Solo de Concours,
Messenger: Voices Of Spring Waltz,
Strauss: Pledge of Allegiance, Csc
sar; capriccio Espagnole. Rimsky-
KorsakoV.
JAZZ CONCERT: The Charlie Byrd
Trio; Joe Rinaldi and his Sextet
the Masters, Frank Mickey TropeZor,
leader. The Watergate, $50 pm.
Program not available.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-24
THURSDAY

TNITED STATES MARINE BAND,
1t. Anthony Mitchell, conductor;
Ballet Petite Company, Dolores E.
Kehr, director; Jackson Weaver,
narrator. Concert for young people.
Watergate, 1880 pm. Windjammer
Overture, Ansell: Kingdom of the
Sweets, from Nutcracker. Tchai-
kofieff; Sandpaper Ballet, Anderson;
The Typewriter's Song, Anderson
The Sorcerer's Apprentice, Dukas
Woodwind Wonderland, Bizet, Dukas
Borodtn, White, Rimsky- KorSakoff
Prokofieff.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-24
PROGRAMS OF THE WEEK

Grams March, Pares; A Walt Whit
man Overture. Lloyd: Lincolnshire
Posy, Granger: Concerto in Q for
Two Trumpets. Viyaldi; The. Foun-
dation March. Goldman; Selections
from West Side Story. Bernstein;
Solo de ConcourS, Rabaud; La
Fiesta MeXicana, Reed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-24
SUNDAY, JULY l

For further details, consult next
Sundays listingS.)
ROBERT CLARK, organ. Washington
Cathedral, 5 pm.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-24
TODAY

YVONNE w. HUNTLEY, piano. Barker
Hall, YWCA, Seventeenth and X
streets NV. 4 pm. Program not
CATHEDRAL CHOIR OF MEN Paul
Twn aI.TDsf,on conductor and organist.
Prelude and Fqsue in c. Bach; Bach;
Magnificat, Morley: Nunc dimittis,
Morley; Rejoice in the Lord Al
Ways Caustqn; All Things Come Of
Voices. Byrd; ALA Breve. Bach.
ST. LUKEs EPISCOPAL CHURCH
SHI0ik. Willis 4. Hines, director.
Ruth Pitts, contralto; HuEh Carey,
robert Norris, baritones: st. Luke's
street NV, 6 pm. o Sorrow Deep.
Brahms-Douglas: o How MY Heart
Reloices. Brahms-Douglas; Let Moth
ING Eyer GEieve Thee. Brahms;
Brahms: Excerpts from A German
Requiem, Brahms.
GLADYS STEIN piano. National GAL
i sioyt Of Art, 8 pm: Sonata in B.
G. Op. SO (Waldensteinj, Beethoven:
SSohsta in c Minor, op. Posth..
UNITED STATES MARINE BAND, 1t.
COL Albert Schooner, conductor.
Soioists: Richard Sullivan. trombone;
hooert Stuart. marimba: William
Jones Jones baritone lvocaD, The Water
olympians, Linn; 1st movt., Italian
| symphony, Mendelssohn- kline; swan
Lake Tchaikovsky; Atlantic Zephyrs,
F F1lmonfi Garney ysi in Pesth. List;
bourin Chinois. Kreisler; Selections
From Carousel. Rodgers: Largo al
faetotum. from the Barber Of Sc
vile. Rossini; Polka and Fugue,
from Schwanda. Weinberger.
TOMORROW
UNITED STATES NAVY BAND. 1t.
anthony Anthony b a: MITCHELL. Conductor
William Arsers. horn: Ben Mitchell
Morris tenor vocal. Capitol Plaza,
Fantasia Impromptu, Chopin: Sor,
cerer's Apprentice. Dukas; Stone.
Steel and Dominion's Pass. Meyero-
witz; the Farms Of Home, Meyero-
THE MOZART TRIO Gee Meredith,
soprano; John Yard, baritone; Joseph
Collins, baritone; Alfred Neumann,
piano.. The Phillips Collection, $50
pm; A program OF vocal works by
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart La lib
x. $40; Mi lagnero, K. 437; Nun,
Liebes Weibchen, K. 625; Due pupiiie,
*. 439: Sc lontan, K. 43S; Luci care,
K. 346; Mandina amabile, K. $50;
| Che accidenti!, from 10 Sposo De-
from Apollo l. ayscinth TX K. 81: 50; O Bel
mannern, from The Magic Flute,
<. $50: Papageno, Papagena, from
The Magic Flute, K. $50; Eli via,
buffone, from Don Giovanni, K. 527;
La CT darem la mano, from Don
Giovanni K 527; All tact, linguistic
core, from Don Giovanni, K. 527;
DaS Banded, K. AL,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-24
The Governor Of Maryland
J. MiILard TaweS

extends
cordial invitation to you, your family and friends
to attend
The TidetCater Counties Civil Var Centennial
Annapolis, Maryland
during the period
June thirty to July fourth
nineteen hundred and sixty-trco
All displuys free Ond open dolly from um until pm
Free Purkns NOMone Corps Memorial studum in Annapolis
Shuttle buses from parking oil Annapolis display points and
return
PROGRAM OF EVENTS:
Displays At Stadium
Replica OF Glenn Space Cop Ful-SeuIe PoIuris Missile
sue sue Modern Weapons Display Of
Civil Wor Fuin OF B. and o. Army and Air Force
Kolrood Uuly onY
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-24
PLENTY OF FREE PARKING

pend your 9TH Of July in Annapolis visit your Sute Capitol
earlier in week. You will be eordoy received An interesting
educational program for young and old Owuts you. Also
examples of the armed might Of the United Stutes
Evening star., 1962-04-23
Supreme Court Refuses
Recorder Use Appeal

Of Reginald c. Jackson, who
claimed the evidence against
him should have been sup
pressed because of unnecessary
delay between arrest and a
court hearing.
The District case marked an
attempt-rejected by the high
court-to extend the Mallory
rule. which bars confessions as
evidence after unnecessary de-
lay, to evidence collected while
the defendant was in a jail cell.
The evidence was the de-
velopment of a fingerprint on
a cigarette package, which po-
lice said they saw jackson
throw from a car. The pack
age, police testified, contained
10 capsules later revealed as
heroin.
In another case from the
District the Supreme Court left
standing an appellate decision
that a resident of Switzerland
with a half interest in an
Italian firm during World War
II was an enemy" under
American law and his Ameri-
can assets could be seized.
The case, brought by the ex-
ecutor for the late Carlo Won
Wedekind, was an action to
recover asome $1.1 million taker
by the Alien Property Custo-
dian.
Evening star., 1962-04-23

day, they found dozens Of pack
ages of clothing and canned
food and other foods awaiting
them.
People Just came and drop
ped the things off at the hotel
desk and said to give them to
the Boyds." said Miss Ann
Jones, a caseworker for the
Travellers Aid Society.
Miss Jones said Mr.. Boyd
knew he was given the Citi-
zenS Council offer "as a hoax.
but he holds no grudge. He is
Just delighted to be here to
make a new life for himself"
Mr.. Boyd said $l55 a month
in welfare aid the family was
receiving in New ORLEANS was
cut off last December 16 when
a doctor who had been attend
ing him for pneumonia pro-
nounced him fit for work.
He said he had been unable
to find work and had accepted
some aid from neighbors until
he decided to take the Citizens
Council offer.
DR.. Edward s. Lewis, execu-
tive director of the Urban
League of Greater New York,
said the Citizens Council had
done "a very vicious trick .
designed to embarrass the
North"
The Urban League is dedi-
Gated to improving the lot Of
Negroes and other minority
groups.
Evening star., 1962-04-23

finds they had reported by
radio to the anxious persons
waiting in the moonlight at
the mouth Of the cave.
Charles Mcclure, a leader
of the rescue unit, said Il don't
think the tracks mean much.
Things remain in q state of
preservation in a cave like this
and they could have been made
10 years ago." Candy and gum
wrappers also might have been
there some time.
The search began about 2
am. yesterday. Rescue squads
from half a dozen counties and
towns in the area examined all
passages on the near side of
the subterranean lake without
finding a single clue.
This is very puzzling," said
Mr.. Mcclure. 81 can't under
stand it. If they are in tfN
cave they have to be on the
other side of the lake"
The three students all OBJ
tained Eagle rank as Explorer
Scouts and were described as
being able to take care of them
selves. Mason and Huddleston
attend Emory University in At
danta and Bartee is a student
at Presbyterian College, Clin-
ton, S. c.
Evening star., 1962-04-23
NoCriminuI Case
Seen in ScuffIe
Of z Policemen

No criminal charges will be
filed against two policemen
who scuffled in police head
quarters last Thursday.
Edmond T. DAILY, chief United
States attorney in Municipal
Court. said the fight between
Robbery Squad Detective Mich
olas Beltrante and Pvt. Royce
Givens, of the Missing Persons
Special Investigation Squad,
was IAN internal affair" and
involved no criminal act.
Mr.. DAILY said neither Of the
plainclothesmen wants to pros
ecute the other and there
appears to be no criminal case
here" He said he would leave
any disciplinary action up to
the police department.
Deputy Police Chief Edgar
Scott said the men fought over
Mr.. Beltrante's release as chair
man of the policy committee
for the Policeman's News Asso-
citation.
The fight in the Missing Per-
sons Squad room sent both men
to the Washington Hospital
Center briefly for minor injuries,
Evening star., 1962-04-23

the courts earlier reapportion-
ment case, he said the dilution
of the worth Of his vote resulted
from affirmative discrimina-
tory action rather than mere
legislative inaction as In
Tennessee.
The court, for the SECOND
week in a row, handed dowr
no opinions. The last opinion
from the court was given out
on April 8 and on that day
there was only one.
Court observers believed that
the illness of Justice Frank
furter, who had been hospital
lied with a "stroke-like" condi-
ton since March 5, was having
a marked effect on the courts
production.
A court spokesman said the
latest medical report from
George Washington University
Hospital showed that Justice
Frankfurter is continuing to
improve and his condition is
most satisfactory.
His physicians, a spokesman
reported, have not set any date
for his release from the hos
pital but they have every ex-
pectation that he will be able
to resume his duties on the
court in due time"
Evening star., 1962-04-23
SEATOLuunches
Weeks Exercise:
U. S. Pilot Lost

BANGKOK. Thailand, April
% (AP).-A United States Ma
rine Corps jet fighter crashed
today while taking part in
SEATO exercise Air Cobra.
The pilot was killed. A
United States spokesman con-
nected with the exercise said
the crash occurred 125 miles
north of Bangkok and that
Identification of the pilot was
being withheld until his family
has been notified.
Air Corba, involving air and
ground units Of the Southeast
Asia Treaty Organization, got
under way this morning. The
aim is to test SEATO's tactical
air power in support of ground
troops fighting q mock enemy
Jet fighters and bombers from
the air forces of the United
States, Britain. France, Aus
tralia and Thailand took off
from Bangkok and other That
bases in support of Thai, United
States and Australian troops
battling an enemy" force ir
Thailand'S north and north
eastern border area. Ground
units included specialists ir
guerrilla warfare.
In an accompanying exercise
the United States aircraft car.
rier Bennington and the Aus
tralian carrier Melbourne
steamed out of Manila Bay to
demonstrate before SEATO dig.
nitaries close cooperation be-
tween ships and planes of the
two nations. Eleven escort yes.
Seis also participated.
Evening star., 1962-04-23
FAMILIES
Continued From Page Al

- OAAA ~ ~ ~
we thought we would afford an
opportunity to go to a Northern
area where conditions are sup
posedly better" Mr.. Singel-
mann said.
He said the council tasks nc
questions" of the Negroes and
does not require them to sign
anything or agree not to re-
turn.
If any of them do return, he
said, this will prove our point. u
Louis Boyd, an unemployed
Negro longshoreman, and his
wife and eight children whose
fare to New York was paid by
the council last week, have re-
ceived many gifts, including
$100 contributed by members
Of the Concord Baptist Church
of Christ where the family at
tended Easter morning services,
the Associated Press reported.
Mr.. Boyd decided today from
among four job offers to accept
a $100-a-week position as q
handyman with Medical
Development, Inc, Of Jersey
City, N. ]. A spokesman for the
firm, which manufactures
medical electronic equipment,
said that under present plans
Mr.. Boyd could eventually be-
come a freight loader and then
q truck driver.
When the Boyds returned to
their hotel from services yester-
Evening star., 1962-04-23

targets along the canals at sc
miles an hour.
AS they touched down near
the hamlet of Ap My Qui tc
unload troops, bursts Of enemy
fire came from the banks of an
adjacent canal, raising SpurtS
of dust near idling machines
The Wet Cong also fired on the
helicopters as they passed over
the junction of two canals.
u. S. Guns Return Fire
No helicopter was hit. They
were on the ground in the var
iouS landing zones less than
three minutes. American gun
ners returned the Communist
fire whenever their craft came
under attack.
During the morning, a group
of Army helicopters circling in
on target surprised a running
group Of Wet Cong in a large
field. The Wet Cong guerrillas
were evidently so confused they
Evening star., 1962-04-23

before must realize now the
government is still very much
in control here"
Wet Nam Colonel Commands
The operation was carried out
under the direction of Col.
Huynh Van Gao, commander of
the Vietnamese Army's 7th
Division. Col. Gao said he had
requested the unusually heavy
support after receiving intelli-
gence that about 300 Wet Cong
had moved into the area. A new
artillery post under construc-
ton in a nearby district was
attacked by Communist forces
three times in the last week.
Besides the United States
Marine helicopter company, the
57th United States Army He'll
copter Company, stationed in
Saigon. participated.
After leaving the staging
area here, the big H21 troop
carriers skinned along to their
Evening star., 1962-04-23

ran in several different direc-
tions, without firing a shot.
Vietnamese troops pursued
them into woods, capturing
several and a large stock Of am
munition.
The operation technically
was concluded at the end of
the day, although troops were
left in the province and an
other operation is being
planned.
Large-scale mopping up ac-
tions have been conducted in
Kien Phong Province in recent
weeks. some Of which have
been aimed at opening COM
municationS canals obstructed
by Communists. Assisting in
the Easter operation was Col.
Frank B. Clay, senior United
States Army adviser to the 7th
Division. Col. Clay's father,
Gen. Lucius D. Clay, is the spe-
cial presidential adviser on
Berlin.
Evening star., 1962-04-23

of physical evidence that the
three were lost in vast Case
Cave near this North Georgia
town.
The only real clues to the
presence of William Bartee, 20,
and James Mason. 81, both of
Atlanta, and Martin HuddleS-
ton, 10, of Daytona Beach, Fla,
were three jackets found at
the mouth of the cave and a
car parked nearby.
About 4 am. an experienced
team Of cave explorers from
Atlanta entered the cave and
began a thorough search which
they estimated would take six
hours.
James Storey, who heads the
group. said they had explored
the cave many times. II don't
see how an experienced cave
explorer could get lost in this
cave" he said.
Discovery of candy wrappers
and footprints on the opposite
side Of a 75-yard-wide subter-
ranean lake about a mile from
the cave entrance spurred the
hunt for a time last night.
But a nine-man civil defense
rescue unit came out Of the
cave and said there appeared
to be little significance in the