davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-18
Moss Can Mean
Poor Aerution

1t has become a common
practice to designate any soil
in an unhealthy condition
usually with a growth Of moss,
as a "sour" soil, and to attempt
to cure the condition by apply
ing lime. Most generally this
unhealthy condition is not due
to a too high degree of acidity
but to improper moisture condi-
ton. poor aeration or lack of
plant food.
Soil situated In shady areas,
such as are usual on the north
side of the house do not dry
out properly and therefore are
poorly aerated. This condition
is unfavorable to the growth of
plants but usually will not be
improved through the use of
lime.
Luxuriant growths Of moss
have been found on strongly
alkaline or sweet" soils.
Lime should never be used
without securing accurate in
formation as to the degree Of
acidity or alkalinity Of the
soil.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-18

fort on the property also can
be greatly alleviated by proper
use Of shade trees. A tree
located to shade the west wall
and roof Of a house will help
to keep indoor temperatures
more moderate. Wall and roof
temperatures may be reduced
by 20 to 40 degrees, and the
well known "attic furnace"
largely eliminated.
Plants can be used to make
the SUN work with you and not
against you. Shrubs and lawns
do this by surrounding your
home with plants which are
many degrees cooler than pave
mentS in hot weather. Noise
and dust also are absorbed by
shrubs, thus keeping the home
quieter and more private, as
we'll as cleaner.
NurSerymen know many
other ways to use plants for
more comfortable living. The
home owner can have plant
awnings, cool pergolas. planted
with lovely climbing vines and
roses, as well as walks which
keep much cooler than solid
pavement.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-18
Maryland Agents
Offer Bulletins

Maryland county agents have
supplies of the following bull
letins:
Pre-emergence crab grass
control (Mimeo 2D.
Japanese beetle control
methods (Leaflet 20).
Suggestions for Fruit Cul-
ture in Maryland" This bulle-
tin deals in fertilization re-
quirements.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-18
Poison Fruits

From Mrs. j. P. B., 5619 N.
Thirty second street. Arlington,
Va. I have been told that the
fruits of the Jerusalem cherry
were poisonous? What other
fruits or flowers growing in this
area might be poisonous2 An
swer-The fruits of the Je-
rusalem cherry contain a pois-
nous alkaloid. However, they
are bitter and I have yet to
hear Of a child eating them.
The fruit Of the yew are pois-
onous. The wild cherry leaves
when wilted are deadly. Plants
commonly grown here that are
poisonous If eaten include the
meadow saffron (Colchicum
autumnale). lily-of-the-valley
larkspur. English ivy, daffodils
and castor-bean. However, the
likelihood of injury is small.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-18
ROSE SOCIETY
COMPLIES LIST
OF VARIETIES

The Potomac Rose So
ciety has released a new
publication which gives the
list Of recommended vari-
cites Of roses for this area:
directions for the plant
ing of a rose bush (illus-
trated). and the pruning of
roses as they suggest. In
addition much useful in
formation Is given on the
care and growing Of roses
in this area. Copies Csc
each) may be obtained
from c. C. Montgomery,
1908 Forty-fifth street
NV, Washington 16, D. C.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-18
Peach Fall

From F. A. H., ATOP Kurtz
road, Mclean, Va. our 5-year-
old peach tree blossoms freely
and the peaches when they
reach the size Of a. marble die
and fall off. What is the cause?
Answer-It may be due to wet
feet" the water table in the soil
too high because of lack of sur
face drainage. This loss of fruit
also may be because of borer
injury? An examination of the
tree is the only way this can be
determined.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-18
HoIIies

From Mr.. E. S., 4615 N.
Thirty-fifth street, Arlington,
Va. How can the sex Of a holly
tree be determined? When is
the best time to plant them?
Answer-The sex can be told
only when they are in flower.
The female holly flower has a
large pistil and rudimentary
stamens. The male has a rudi-
mentary pistil and large
stamens. Early April is a good
time to plant the hollies, al
though If balled or in a pot
the planting time may extend
into September.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-18
Burberry Bushes

From r. G., 800 Compton
avenue, Laurel. Md. Is it feasible
to move 10-year-old barberry
bushes? If so when and how
should they be cut back: An
swer-The bushes move very
easily in the early spring-as
soon as it is dry enough to
dig them. Cut the tops back
very severity, the 10 or 20 inches
you suggest is about right. Bar
berry are best pruned each
spring to keep them compact
and attractive.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-18
Rose Queries

From Col. P. E. S., II Old
Hickory road, Fairfax, Va.
When should nitrogen be spread
on a sawdust mulch? Barnyard
manure around evergreens and
roses? Compost? My rose which
are heavily mulched still have
leaves and look bad? Answer
Suggest waiting until late March
to add nitrogen to the sawdust
mulch. The timing of an ap-
plication of manure to the beds
depends somewhat upon the
stage Of rotting. Fresh manure
is often put on the rose beds
in late fall SHOULD not touch
the canes) and the coarser ma
terial spaded under in April
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-18

SSlObS bbSNSS 0VbS"
NoKESVILLE, VIRGINIA
MeMiehoel Service Center, Inc.
lyric $4,000
MANASSAS, VIRGINIA
Woyland-knisht, Inc.
Empire SOIL
PURCELLVlLLE, VIRGINIA
Whitmors & Arnold, Inc.
eDeewood s-7l23
ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA
Wilbor Iroctors, Inc.
$3.50 jefferson Davis Highway
Oils 4-6os0
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-18
QUESTION BOX
FOR GARDENERS

or raked away. Well rotted ma
nure may be spread at any,
time. The roses apparently were
mulched too early and did not
mature before cold weather. The
only action to be taken-prune
back to live wood in the spring
March IS or later.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-18
Hedge Cutting

From F. r. S.. 211 Forty
forth street NE. Would it dam
age a tall hedge to cut it back
at this season? Answer-All
hedges may be cut back at this
season although the evergreen
hedges may look a bit moth
eaten" until the new growth
hides the stubs. Cut back to at
least 6 inches below the height
at which you wish to maintain
the hedge. The new shoots that
come should be cut when they
are 3 to 4 inches long to slim
ulate branching.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-18
Lime SWeetens Soil

If the soil is acid, add lime
to sweeten it. If it isn't acid
enough, add oak leaves or the
needles of pine, hemlock and
other evergreens.
Among plants that like acid
soil are BURBERRY. rhododen-
dron and azalea.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-14

the United States as q world
power; it started both Cuba and
the Philippines on the road to
national independence.
Interestingly enough, the Nom
roe Doctrine was not invoked
either in the proposals for in
tervention or in the war itself.
President Mckinley did not ap-
peal to 1t in his war message;
the House did not mention it,
and the Senate barely alluded to
it, in the debate on the war
resolution.
A decade later came another
and this time minor - challenge
that did seem to involve the ia
nous doctrine. In 1910 q group
of American businessmen who
owned substantial property on
Magdalena Bay In Lower Califor-
mia began dickering with a Japa-
nese syndicate for the sale Of their
land. Possession of this land would
have given the japanese q first
rate harbor not far from our own
naval installations on the Pacific
Coast. It was, on the surface,
private transaction and not-So
one might assume-the concern of
either the American or the Japa-
nese Government. But this was
nese government. But this was
moving towards world power, and
when the issue Of Japanese land
ownership in California was acute.
Lodge CoroIlory
Here was perhaps the closest
analogy to the Russian plan to
acquire a fishing" harbor on the
coast Of Cuba. The ever-alert
Henry Cabot Lodge of Massa-
chusetts promptly introduced a
resolution which has since come
to be known as the Lodge Corol-
larry Of the Monroe Doctrine. 1t
asserted simply, and sweepingly.
that when any harbor or other
place in the American continents
is so situated that the occupa-
ton thereof for naval or military
purposes might threaten the !.
safety Of the United States, the
Government Of the United States
could not see without grave con-
Germ actual or potential posses
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-14

continent without endangering
our peace and happiness. If these
phrases are not clear cut-they
leave us with questions about the
meaning Of such terms as tex
tending" their system, or Inter
position" - they are certainly
broad enough to cover Communist
infiltration and control.
But that is not the end Of
the matter. For the Monroe Doc
trine contains two other provisions
that we must not overlook-Two
provisions that our critics will not
permit us to overlook. The first
of these is the assertion that our
policy towards Europe is mot to
interfere in the internal concerns
of any of its powers" Certainly
since 1951--if not long before
we have so interfered, and clearly
we propose to continue to inter-
fere in this manner. And the sec
ond assertion in the doctrine is
that as for European states "our
policy remains to consider
the governments de facto as the
legitimate government for U.S."
It is therefore bit risky to in
woke the Monroe Doctrine in the
present crisis. For If we cite one
part of that doctrine, our enemies
abroad can cite other parts, and
while this may not disturb us
overmuch it will certainly weaken
our case in the eyes of the world.
Can we In fact have our doctrinal
cake and eat it too? Can we insist
on that section of the doctrine
which repudiates the extension Of
European systems" to America,
without being" called on to live UP
to that other section which re-
quires us to keep out of the in
ternal affairs of Europe? And
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-14

the Chinese her determination to
inch forward until her traditional
boundary in the ares has been
reached. China's nibbling has been
stemmed. She has yet to be ouSted
from her illegal occupation,
If there is q war on midas
Himalayan border, as it might be,
it will be an interminable war.
Neither side can count on defeat
ing the other. China can bring to
bear bigger resources and larger
numbers. But midas professional
army is full of patriotic fervor.
1t can be counted on to give an
excellent showing in keeping with
it's great traditions.
1t is midas estimate that 1t
would be difficult to keep the big
powers out. This would imply that
though India is relying, for the
time being, on her own strength,
she would not be averse to seeking
assistance from potential friends.
One thing is clear. India is
briskly preparing for the dire
eventuality Of war. Innumerable
new roads have been built linking
the plains with the mountain
passes through which alone, In
most cases, the Chinese can come
in appreciable numbers. This has
been an Herculean task.
New Airport
A new airport has also been
built in the foothills Of the Hima-
layas in the Punjab. This is the
latest base from which the Indian
Air Force operates primarily to
supply high mountain posts where
Indian soldiers keep vigil.
Some Of these posts are 1900
feet high where sleep is difficult
and movements firing. Soldiers
wear oxygen masks. It takes them
days to get used to the rarefied
mountain atmosphere and the sun,
which, seemingly gentle, burns.
It is estimated that to keep one
soldier on this front, 40 are needed
to support him at the base and
along the route. This type Of Or
ganization has seldom been estab-
hshed before.
A large portion Of the Indian
army is now stationed in the
Kashmir Valley or around 1t, to
respond quickly to an emergency.
Many thousands Of soldiers are
stationed In Ladakh itself.
This is also true of other border
areas, the State Of Uttar Pradesh,
Sikkim, Bhutan and the North
East Frontier Agency where, too,
China is pressing with all its
weight, laying claim to large slices
of India.
The alternative to preparation
for defensive war is ignoble re-
treat and a give-away Of terri
tory. This India rejects. Indian
experts hold that the military po-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-14

Within a few months Chinese
Communists occupied Peking. In
dependent India was among the
first few countries to recognize
the new regime.
Friendly Atti:a1is
Two reasons guided hex in this
move, Cnina was her immediate
neighbor. To proclaim its friend
ship for a neighbor seemed good
in itself.
Secondly, India wanted the
Chinese regime to feel that it was
born in a friendly world among
trustworthy neighbors. In this
way, it was hoped, it would be
possible to introduce q sense of
security among the Chinese rulers
so that they could behave nor
mally at home and abroad.
1t was partly with this expec-
tation that India sponsored the
recognition Of the Chinese regime
by other countries with whom its
influence counted.
1t brought Communist China
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-14
Fact and Fiction

In the realm of history, the
moment we have reason to think
that we are being given fiction in
stead OF fact, be the fiction ever
so brilliant. our interest collapses
like . pricked balloon. To hold our
interest you must tell us some
thing we believe to be true about
the men who once walked the
earth. 1t is the fact about the
past that is poetic; just because
it really happened, it gathers
round it all the inscrutable mys-
terry of life and death and time.
Let the science and research Of
the historian find the fact, and let
his imagination and art make
clear its significance. &c. NJ.
Trevelyan in History of England.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-14
The Thnqs That Make India and Red China Enemies

nese Are Brothers" 1t was shouted
in Peking and Delhi. wherever In
dams and Chinese met.
Indians genuinely believed that
India and China should and would
live in peace to demonstrate the
virtues of 'co-existence to a di-
vided world.
Illusion Sheltered
The illusion has been dramat-
ically shattered and the swing to
unsentimental reality is now far
removed from midas fondneSs for
China.
1t was in 1859 that the Indian
public was let into the secret that
like thieves at night, the Chinese
had built a military road across
the Aksai Chin Valley Of Ladakh
and occupied a large portion of it.
The government, too, did not know
about it until the occupation had
been completed. So inaccessible
is the territory that the road was
built before the aggression was
discovered. The effect of the an
nouncement was explosive.
Mr.. Nehru explained that he
did not release the information
earlier in the hope that peaceful
solution of the dispute could be
found by agreement between the
two countries without public ex-
element on both sides.
Series of Intrusiohs
The loss could not be hidden
much longer when China began
to indulge in a series of intruSions
along the rest of the Indian bor-
der. On July 80. 1859, India
discovered the presence of Chi
nese armed detachment in Indian
territory in the region of the
Pangong Lake in Ladakh and a
Chinese camp at Spanggur. Both
places lay well within the Indian
frontier.
Then came the news that an
Indian police party of six men on
reconnaissance duty within the In
dian frontier was arrested and
taken into custody by the Chinese.
This was followed by other and
more violent intruSions in the
same year, at Khinzemare in
North East Frontier Agency on
August Z, at Migyitum on August
rs and at Longju the next day.
Somber Waning
In the process, China proclaimed
that mo section of the Sino-
Indian frontier has been formally
delimited -. that the So-called
Macmohan line was set forth in
the past by the British imperialists
unilaterally and has never been
accepted by the Chinese govern
ment. 1t. Of course, cannot be
regarded as legal"
With this somber warning final
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-14

where do you draw the line be-
tween external and internal af-
fairs in Greece, Turkey, Pakistan
and other allies? And what of
that phrase in the doctrine which
pledges us to recognize the de
facto governments Of Euorpe -
East Germany, for example - as
"the legitimate government for
u.s."
But there is still another con-
sideration that should give us
pause. During the generation since
Franklin D. Roosevelt came to Of
flee the United States and her
sister states of Latin America
have hammered out a series of
amendments to the Monroe Doc
trine as well as new principles of
hemisphere conduct. The Mon
row Doctrine is no longer a uni
lateral affair.
As early as 1888 at Montevideo,
the United States subscribed to a
resolution prohibiting the nations
of the Americas from interfering
with each others internal or ex-
ternal concerns. In 1896 the dec
laration of Buenos Aires stated
bluntly that ANY differences or
dispute between the American
nations, whatever its nature or
origin, shall be settled by the
methods of Cancellation or full ar
bitration. or through the opera
ton of international justice" The
declaration Of Lima of 1888 re-
affirmed this position in even
stronger terms. The conference at
Rio in 1947 drafted a collective
security agreement under which it
became the duty of each member
to assist in meeting armed attack
by any country against any Amer
lean country. These principles
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-14
On Cuba: A Better Course Than the Monroe Doctrine

have been reiterated in SUISSE
quent Pan American conferences.
Thus the Monroe Doctrine has
been transformed into a multi
lateral policy. We can invoke it,
to be sure, but we are bound to
do so only in consultation with
and cooperation with the repub-
lies of Latin America. If this
works a hardship on us, it Is a
hardship of our own making.
New Insights
New situations, however, bring
new insights. Communist infiltra-
ton into Guatemala in the early
SOS brought a fortnight state
ment from the Caracas confer
ence of 1854 to the effect that
"the domination or control Of the
political institutions of any
American state by the inter-
national Communist movement
would constitute a threat to the
sovereignty and political indie
pendence of the American states
and would call for a meeting
to consider measures in accord
ance with existing treaties" And
the Pan American conference at
Costa Rica in 1860 specifically re-
pudiated the attempt Of the
Sino-Soviet powers to make use
of the political, economic or social
situation of any American state"
an attempt-Said the resolution
correctly-"capable of destroying
hemisphere unity and endanger-
ing the peace and security of the
hemisphere
The United States, then, will do
we'll to forego reliance on the
Monroe Doctrine in its effort to
deal with Soviet penetration into
Cuba and rely on principles that
are at once more relevant, more
fundamental and more generally
accepted. Three of these are avail
able.
Cd The numerous declarations Of
hemisphere solidarity in the face
of the Communist threat and the
requirement of hemisphere con-
sultation and action.
~ The Lodge Corollary to the
Monroe Doctrine-really an indie
pendent principle-which asserts
that acquisition of naval or mill
tary bases in this hemisphere by
an outside power is an unfriendly
act.
And, go the fundamental prin-
ciple of national security and of
the responsibility. within the
framework Of the law, for the
security of our associated nations.
which is generally recognized as
an inherent right in all sovereign
states. 1t is to this indeed that
President Kennedy wisely appealed
in his historic statement of Sep
TENDER 10:
''Unilateral intervention on the
part of the United States cannot +,
currently be either required or
justified, and it is regrettable that
loose talk about such action in
this country might serve to give
a thin color of legitimacy to the
Communist pretenSe that such a
threat exists. But let me make
this clear once again. If at any
time the Communist buildup in
Cuba were to endanger or inter-
fere with our security in any way
or if Cuba should ever at
tempt to export its aggressive
purposes by force or the threat of
force against any nation in this
hemisphere, or became an often
sive military base for the
Soviet Union, then this country
will do whatever must be done to
protect its own security and that
of its allies"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-14

into the Banding Conference
which conferred additional re-
spectability on Peking. Here Chou
En,lai signed, with others, the
Panchsila, the famous five prin-
cipleS of coexistence. This seemed
to be a gain.
Year after year, India moved a
resolution In the United Nations,
proposing Communist China'S
membership. For years India
seemed to act as China's broker.
Indian delegations visited China
trying to learn the Chinese way
of economic development. Chinese
delegations came to India.
Nehru Welcomed
Mr.. Nehru was invited to Picking
He received a kingly ovation. MIR.
Chou En-lai, likewise, came to
India. He was embraced by Mr..
NehrL The photographs made a
great impression.
Out of all this effusive demon
stration of mutual friendship, a
slogan grew up: Indian and Chi
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-14

ly fell midas fond hope Of peace
with China which has repudiated
the validity of the entire border
between the two countries, estab-
hshed by negotiation and sancti-
fled by tradition. It proved that
to China nothing was sacred ex-
cept right established by force.
The question is legitimately
asked: why is China so grossly
mistreating its best friend?" The
puzzle cannot be easily solved.
AS far as one can make out,
China is following a master plan
of expansion toward the Indian
Ocean and its first objective is to
gain possession of the entire
Himalayan range before moving
south into the historic Indus and
the Gangentic Valleys.
Weakest Sector
1t is in the process of swallowing
Ladakh. for it is India's weakest
sector, exceedingly difficult to de-
fend. While advancing menacingly
on this front. it is pressing as
hard as is possible on the rest Of
the mountainous border, whose
validity, in any case, it refuses to
recognize.
One Indian view is that in pur-
suing this nefarious course, China
is following her traditional policy
of expansionism. The tradition
came into play every time there
was strong imperial government.
Now It is motivated by a totali-
tartan Communist apparatus,
stronger, more centralized and
more regimented than any pre-
vious Chinese regime.
China has a strong sense of
cultural superiority and a belief
in its primacy. Even before they
came to power, Communists looked
upon Mr. Nehru as ''the pillar of
the anti-Communist movement