davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-09-15
Kings Park Shows Homes

and economy Of gas ap-
pliances."
The Richmarr firm or its
predecessor companies under
the same principles has been
building in the Washington
area since 1853 and in that
time has constructed nearly
1000 homes.
Directions to reach Kings
Park. as furnished by the
builder, are:
"Out Shirley highway to
Route 236. right on Route
236 to Annandale. left on
Ravensworth road / mile to
Braddock road, right on
Braddock road to Kings
Park on left"
For an Approximate loca-
ton of the community in the
Washington area, see No. "a
on map. Page 2 Of this
section.
Evening star., 1962-09-15

homes in the community and
has another 200 under con-
struction Of a total Of l,10o
planned for the 445-acre
area.
Discussing aspects Of the
community and homes that
he feels Festival visitors will
find interesting, a spokes-
man for the builder said:
"a 91k-acre park site has
been decided by the builders
to Fairfax County for the
use of residents Of Kings.
Park. Every home is equipped
with 100-ampere electrical
service with circuit breakers,
copper piping and land
scaped and sodded lots. The
homes have been selected as
Forecast Homes by the
Washington Gas Light Co. to
demonstrate the effectiveness
Evening star., 1962-09-15
Bethke Brothers Exhibit MoydoIe

and are currently on their
sixthl and have done several
hundred home remodeling
jobs as well.
Directions to reach the
Maydale homes. as furnished
by the builder. are:
Prom Silver Spring: Out
Evening star., 1962-09-15

Route 20 across New Hamp-
shire Colesville road inter-
section S.6 miles to left on
Briggs -Chaney road Zone
block then right one block
left on Briggs Clancy road
l.s miles to Claude lane. right
one block and left on May
dale drive to homes.
For an approximate location
Of the development in the
Washington area, see No. 4
on map, Page 2 Of this sec
ton.
Evening star., 1962-09-15

Bethke Brothers. Inc. is
exhibiting a Fall Festival Of
Homes entry at 14805 May
dale court, in Maydale. Sill
yer Spring.
The firm has two homes
there, both Of which are
ramblers and Of the firms
own design. The brick-and-
frame dwellings have three
bedrooms and two baths. One
is currently completed and
the other still under con-
struction.
Evening star., 1962-09-15
Photo Credits

Photographs Of most Of
the homes pictured in
this section were made
by Stor Stoff Photos-
rophers George Dsnor,
Harry 6 o o d m o n and
WiIIord VoIx under the
direction Of Robert 2.
tcy) Perkins.
Evening star., 1962-03-25

FALLS CHURCH AREA-3-bedrm
brick rambler. Large liv. rm. with
firepl., sep. din. rm., large kit.
full bSmt. 112-acre lot. Extras in.
clude storm windows, wall-to-wal
carpeting, washer, Anchor fenced
area for children. Assume 4kaet
loan or tHA S21 $50. CAROLINE
L. CAMPBELL. AGENT. JE 3.
1882. Ewes. and Sun, JE. 3-9067
FALLS CHURCH-S1. 500 down and
Sis mo. for 4-bedrm. Cape Coo
with wall-to-wall carpeting Isl
floor. Full bsmt.. tiled, wjpaneled
rec. rm. and padded bar. Fenced
in yard. S16,95O. JE. 4-0952.
Evening star., 1962-03-25
Sleepy Hollow
$27,950
OPEN 12-DARK

JUST 2 YEARS OLD-Lovely 4.
bedrm., ,2h-bath brick rambler
with picture windows overlooking
beautiful wooded areai Full en-
trance hall, de luxe wall-oven
kitchen with adjoining 15-ft. BAY
WINDOW FAMILY ROOM. Large
dining area plus spacious living
rm. with sliding door. picture
window opening to rear deck porch
with lovely view! 8 nice bedrms.
terrific closets, and . tiled baths
completes lst floor. Ground-level
bsmt. has 30-ft. recreation room
Fireplace and sliding roor open
ing, to rear -patio), 4th bedrm., "a
bath and lots Of storage area.
School bus at door. Clean as a
pin-vacant-ready to move in!"
Ewes, ia. 5-S540.
TO INSPECT: Down Sleepy Hollow
rd.. from Seven Corners, Just past
swimming pools on right, to Fern
lane (entrance to Sleepy Hollow
Woods. Turn right 10 METZLER
rOpen" sign on right (9310 Fern
lane).
METZLER-Realtors
"'Our. 40th Year in Real Estate"
S4l' Lee hwy. JA. 5-7575
Evening star., 1962-03-25
HOUSES FOR sALE-vA.

Mclean, by oWNER-GI assump.
ton. As bedrms,. 3 baths, .
firepls., S25,950 Ell. 6-6036.
MCLEAN, VA, 1901 McFali road
4-bedrm, 2-bath split-level home
Assume large 494fo trust. Priced
S25,00G BRODIE g. COLBERT
INC, REALTORS, FE. 7-2l2l, MR.
CASSIDY, Ell. 6-3263.
Evening star., 1962-03-25

FALLS CHURCH - BY OWNER,
4l2?c first. ,Sl20 per mo. Split
rm., fireplace. built-in intercom
and Hi-Fi system, carpeting.
Brick patio and barbecue and
redwood fence. Call SE. 4-9560.
Evening star., 1962-03-25
NEW BRICK RAMBLER with car

NEW BRICK RAMBLER with car.
port. storage locker. patio, 4 bed.
rms DE- Is fgl GanS FitnSen finished WfS oisS rss
washer split foyer entrance. 4tt
bedrm., 3rd bath roughed in. Ex.
cellent value at S23,950. Better
see It! TRI-COUNTY REALTY
INC, 1853 w. Lee hwy, CIR. $4,000
Evening star., 1962-03-25
HOUSES FOR SALIVA.
FALLS CHURCH CITY--bcdrm

FALLS CHURCH, Williamsburg area
Rent beater, 3-bedrm. perma-
stone and alum. rambler on extra
large level fenced lot. Walk tc
schools $3.50 dn. FHA or assume
4h% 81. S14,950. JE. 3-956l.
Evening star., 1962-03-25

STONE HCME-1 ACRE
Extra-laree kitchen. firepl.. total
cash needed is only 1895. Price,
Sl4,500. BROWN & BROWN
REALTY. JE. 4-OO41
Evening star., 1962-03-25
gerachis

REALTY CO.. INC. JE. 2-2314
RAMBLER have attrac. custom
built. l2-acre. conv., CIA, Wash
Pent.. S22,500. WE. S-6697.
FROM S38,95O to S37,-
$50, and now anxious owner says
"sell for S36,5O0 or best reason
able offer" Beautiful brick BIZ
e level with huge living room,
separate dining room, big bed
rooms, 3 full baths, paneled day
light family room with fireplace
and diversified 2-car garage. IF
6aN'r TINS 1sk,T KToM 4 RARsAlN. o15S sEX wE I
BARR REALTY INC. ia. 4-335C
Evening star., 1962-04-22
IN FIC lion
Ferdinand Joins Ranks
Of Tales RetoId in Latin

"Leningrad Plot" of the late
'40S in which the intellectual
elite of the Northern city
was Systematically eliminated
by the late, no longer
lamented Number One man
down in Moscow. The book is
admirable on so many counts
that it is hard to assign a
first cause for enthusiasm:
the immediacy and authen-
ITCHY with which the char
acters are translated" from
their Russian source; the
virtuoSo mechanics of the
multiple flaSh-back technique
which could have been so
cumbersome and is, instead,
so effective: the authors
profound insight into the
psychology of courage and
the psychology of cowardice.
This is an exciting and highly
original piece of work that
Immediately establishes Mr..
Salisbury's mastery of his
new field. RUTH HUME.
Evening star., 1962-04-22

iron ring of Christian gloom
with all the constraints.
obligations. solemnities, rites
and ceremonies native to
those made captive by the
cross"
But Harry Donner is a joy
full even eXuberant Christian
soldier. His zeSt and high
heartednesS carried him
through the seminary as a
comparatively aged under
graduate and through the
sometimes dubious joys Of
bringing the consultations Of
faith to tight-fisted Pennsyl-
vania Dutch.
Harry Donner is really a
great boy, with a boys en-
thuSiaSms and energy. He
finds his greatest satisfaction
in miniStering to the miners
in the coal-towns. If his joy
in life was infectious, and his
heart absolutely pure, he had
also the occasional insensi-
tivitieS of his kind. His wife
never had a new dress, and
his three sons were shamed
by his easy acceptance Of
charity.
But Harry Donner was be-
loved by his people and his
family because he was, as his
son calls him. "a simple,
honorable man"
Evening star., 1962-04-22
Collision at Seq
Wrecks Morale
In FictionuI Navy

COLD RIVER. BY Donald
Pfarrer. (St. Martins Press;
$4.50D
Cold River tells of the dra-
matte collision between the
destroyer Kucera and a small
tug. Of the four men aboard
only one is saved. Here, un-
fortunately, the drama stops
for although the tragedy was
adjudged an accident due to
negligence by the tug, the
rest of the book is devoted to
the guilt feelings" of the Ku-
cera'S officers.
The Executive Officer of
the Kucera, Marcus Hecht, is
a frustrated leader" who
worries about mans RESPONSE
bllity to man but can not
determine why this is impor-
tant for he believes in souls
but not in God"
Ensign Ben Frazer who was
coming the ship is in love
with Deborah, sister of 1t.
Harry Wisburn who sacrificed
his life in rescuing the tugs
only survivor. Ben is obsessed
by guilt about the collision,
his friends death, his love for
Deborah. a brother who died
in the 40'S. and numerous
small subconscious quilts.
Gold River" inspires only
one abiding thought-thank
God that this is fiction and
not the Navy.
PEGGY HERBERGER.
Evening star., 1962-04-22
New Kind of Detective Story
SIeuthinq for the AirIines

eating a crime committed
when the aircraft was five
countries away and only dis
covered when the plane
landed in their bailiwick.
The cases and the investi-
CATION of them take the
reader on a fascinating world
tour as Mr.. Fish deals with
gold smuggling into India,
diamond smuggling through
Tehran, narcotics smuggling
out of Hong Kong and a
raid on London's own air
port. The author sets the
stage and introduces his
characters with engaging
simplicity while giving the
reader a behind-the-scenes
look at a competent investi-
gator on the job.
MIRIAM GUTENBERG.
Evening star., 1962-04-22
Shakespeare Fete

In honor Of Shakespeare's
anniversary, April %, the Fol-
ger Shakespeare Library has
published THE AUTHOR
SHIP OF SHAKESPEARE"
by James McManaway, which
proves once again. if proof
were needed, that Shake
Speare wrote his own plays.
1t may not convince the Ba-
conianS and other cultistS,
but it convinced us Of what
We already knew.
Says Mr.. McManaway,
There is no problem of
authorship for those who
have read Elizabethan drama
in a setting of Elizabethan
literature and history"
There was never any ques-
ton in our minds, and now
that we have read Mr.. Nc
Manaway's excellent PAM
phlet. there is less.
Evening star., 1962-04-22
THE LAWLESS SKIES by

THE LAWLESS Sk1ES py
Donald Fish. &c. P. Put
MANS Sons; $3.50
Donald Fish was nearing
. so and had behind him more
than Is years service with
, Britain's New Scotland Yard
and MIS- when he Joined
B.O.A.C. to pioneer in estab-
fishing the worlds first air
security organization.
His adventures in airline
sleuthing from 1916 until his
= recent retirement not only
make first class whodunit
. fare but provide convincing
evidence to support his re-
current theme: That organ
lied crime is rapidly moving
into international air travel
where lack of law covering
crimes in the air enables
the syndicates to operate in
comparative safety.
o, Again and again, Mr.. Fish
: and his force exercised both
great ingenuity and dogged
detective work to pinpoint
smuggling air travellers and
the organization be hi n d
smuggling airline stewards.
In case after case, however,
> the sheer inadequacy Of the
. law to cope with crime in the
, air allowed the culprit to
escape unpunished.
. Local police sometimes lent
: their authority to Mr.. Ffsh's
a Investigations but more often,
! he and his men had to go
it alone because local police
weren't interested in investi-
Evening star., 1962-04-22

allait-il faire dams cette
galere?", he did have a friend
named LIE Bret (his first
biographer), and lastly he
indubitably was not only an
excellent playwright but also
the author of Voyages to the
Moon and the Sum-" Rostand,
it can be seen, was not tied
down by facts, but he man
aged to get a large number of
them into his play. Futher-
more, the character of Rague-
neau may have been sug-
geSted by a passage in "The
Voyage to the Moon" in
which pastry is paid for not
with money but with poems.
The two books are satires,
after the manner Of Rabelais
and Swift, on Cyrano's world.
War, religion, justice, preju-
dice, provinciality are treated
with irony that is facile and
sparkling and wit that is
always amusing. This is no
book resurrected for the Eng
disappearing public MERELY
because of the appeal of a
well-known name; it is an
addition to the literature,
which however large will al
ways be too small, Of ridi-
cule of the foibles of man
kind.
Cyrano on the moon says
that he is from the earth.
The denisons Of the new
world know that he is ly-
ing, and the priests, who pro-
test that they are on the
earth and that Europe is on
the moon, make him recant.
Like Galileo, he is glad to
with the right words in the
proper places he can recon-
cile himself to any mans
religion.
Mr.. Aldington's translation
seems to be good-it is GER
tainly fluent and idiomatic.
Evening star., 1962-04-22
A Tale of Cruel
Gossip Spreading
CALL HOME THE HEART.

CALL HOME The HEART.
BY Elisabeth Ogilvie. INC
Graw-Hill; $4.950
Among the rottener fruits
of the fall of man is the
irresponsible cruelty of the
gossip-monger. There is a
certain morbid fascination in
the spectacle of otherwise re-
spectacle citizens who for a
monetary glow of self-impor-
tance will eagerly spew out
slanderouS rumorS about
their oldest friends. This is
the theme of a thoughtful
and beautifully written novel
about the people of a small
island in Penobscot Bay.
The heroine, a woman of
great wisdom and compass
sion, not only tries to defect
the evils released by the
clacking tongues of the
townsfolk but even manages
to find a rational explana-
ton for their unattractive
behavior.
Elisabeth Ogilvie is an ex-
pert at evoking the atmos-
phere of the Maine seacoast
and the qualities. good and
bad, of the enigmatic people
who live there.
RUTH HUME.
Evening star., 1962-04-22
PAPERBACKS
THE SHORT STORIES OF

THE SHORT STORIES OF
JAMES T. FARRELL. BY
James T. Farrell. (Gros-
sets Universal Library;
$3.50 This collection Is q
composite of three volumes
of short stories; Calico
Shoes and Other Stories"
"Guillotine Party and
Other Stories" and Can
All This Grandeur Per-
ish?" Fifty-two in all.
THE MOZART HANDBOOK.
Compiled and edited by
Louis Biancolli. (Crosset's
Universal Library: $2.95.D
Combining the features of
biography and guidebook.
this handbook offers a
guide to the music of
Mozart, and a book of
leisure reading on his life
and times, his love and
letters.
A MES TEP HENS
READER. Selected with
an introduction by Lloyd
Frankenberg. macmillan
Paperbacks: $1.95D Brings
together selections from
Stephens major works,
many of them out of print.
Evening star., 1962-04-22
Speaker Royburn
Suou in Work

D. B. Hardiman. longtime
aide of the late Speaker Ray
burn, is taking a short sab
batical to write the biogra-
ply of his boss. MI. Rayburn
knew about the project of
his associate, a former Texas
newspaperman and legisla-
tor, and encouraged it. Mr..
Hardiman will not try to put
Mr.. Rayburn in the perspec-
tive of history, but only to
present a picture of the man
he knew. It may not be the
most objective biography you
ever read. Mr.. Hardiman re-
garded Mr.. Sam as "the per-
sonification of the antique
virtues"
Evening star., 1962-04-22
,Cyrono de Bergeroc's Verse
In q Modern, New Version
VOYAGES TO THE MOON

VOYAGES TO THE MOON
AND THE SUN. BY Cyrano
de Bergerac. Translated
and with an introduction
by Richard Arlington.
(Orion Press; $6)
His nose looked like neither
that Of Coquelin nor Walter
H m pden, but was more
like q parrots beak. Hafen
SlawkenbergiuS in de Nasi"
maintains that during his
lifetime he was quite unknown
for his nose, that on the con-
trary the basis Of his fame
was his sword. Richard
Arlington, in his introduction
to the present volume, adds
the further iconoclastic in
formation that he was not a
Gascon at all, and that even
the noble name de Bergerac
was an assumed one. Finally,
it is questionable that his
death was caused by a lackey
with a log of wood; it was
the result, more probably, Of
syphilis.
= However, not everything in
Rostand's "Cyrano de Ber-
gerac" sprang from the dra-
matiSt'S imagination. Much
of the Cyrano known to the
goth century through the
popular romantic comedy
comedies with the historical
man, born in Paris in 1919,
baptized Savinien de Cyrano,
and died in 1865. He was an
extraordinary swordsman in
a day of experts (his fight
against 100 opponents at the
Porte de Nesle is probably a
fact), he was a member Of
the Gascony Cadets of Car
bon de Casteljaloux, he did
effectively forbid the actor
Montfleury to appear on the
Partisan stage, Moliere did
steal from him and make
famous the line "Que diable
Evening star., 1962-04-22
Striking Portrait
Of Mr.. LincoIn's
Secretary of War

STANTON: The Life and
Times Of LincOln's Secre-
tary Of War. BY Benjamin
P. Thomas and Harold M.
Hyman. (Alfred A. Knopf;
$3.50.
One is wary of still another
book on another contempo-
rary of Abraham Lincoln.
However the biography of
Lincoln's War Secretary, Ed
win McMasters Stanton, by
Harold M. Hyman, associate
professor Of history at UCLA.
is to be recommended, if for
no other reason, as an in
tricate portrait Of a complex
and controversial man.
In American history Stan
tons role is a prominent one.
He served under four PreSi-
dents yet ended his career
in a mixed manner, credited
for his competence as Secre-
tary of War, suspected Of
duplicity towards Lincoln
and others with whom he
worked and criticized as a
prime force for the impeach-
ment of President Andrew
johnson.
But Stanton's alleged role
in Lincoln'S assassination is
discredited in this book and
his interest is the impeach-
ment proceedings is more
adequately defined than in
previous studies.
His private life is no less
interesting than his public
one. An asthma victim since
youth, he worked against the
odds of poverty to obtain an
education and study law. He
gained a reputation in civil
and constitutional law as
well as successfully defend
ing Daniel E. Sickles in his
famous trial for the murder
of his wife's lover.
This judicious account of
a much maligned life is
really the smoothly combined
efforts of Mr.. Hyman and
one of Lincoln's most popu-
lar biographers, Benjamin T.
Thomas who died in 1856.
IN. A. STEERS.
Evening star., 1962-04-22
Educational
Eggs All in
One Basket
SUFFER, LITTLE CHIL-

SUFFER, LITTLE CHILL
DREN. By Max Rafferty,.
Devin-Adair; So
In our time, Max Rafferty,
tells us, We have put all our
educational eggs in one bas-
ket, in the basket of science.
And what about our whole
educational system, from
teachers up through admin
istrators? He has caught
them bowling low before the
great mediocrity" and sac
rificing our children to him!
Mr.. Rafferty, would have
us put our educational eggs
in the basket of learning and
culture and root out the
PhiliStine from our midst.
Throwing out his chest and
speaking out as an educator
for the stubborn noncon-
formity" of the individual,
Mr.. Rafferty, points his chalk
at the individual-the "be-all
and end-all" of his profess
sion.
Sympathize as we must
with some of his basic as
sertionS, his manner Of speech
tends to make us smile in the
wrong places, as when he de-
scribeS those iridescent en-
titles called personalities,
transient as glancing sun
beams. :" In another mood
he pulls before us the "tri-
umphant slob." On both oc-
casions he is referring to our
children and doing the cause
Of poetry no conspicuous
good. -INNA UHLIG.
Evening star., 1962-04-22
In Praise
OF Father

In contrast to Miss
Laverty's Celtic flamboyance,
Conrad Richter's honest prose
seems somewhat drab and
homespun. But his book, too.
is full of deep feeling and
appreciation of a superior
parent.
Harry Donner was a store
keeper in his late 30s when
he received a call" to serve
the Lord. His son Johnny,
who tells the story and who
grew up like Mr.. Richter to
be a writer, deplores this bent
of his fathers and feels the
Evening star., 1962-04-22
Widely Varying Views
On Disarmament

ers, like the three-year test
moratorium.
Third. negotiated agree
mentS on arms control and
disarmament. Unfortunately,
the consensus" which stands
on the middle ground in the
disarmament argument suf-
ferS, like most consensuses,
from a painful amount Of
diversity. Each reader can
decide for himself how best
to resolve the differences
and. if he wishes. second
guess the President, his Sec
retary of State, and disarma-
ment advisors.
EARL H. VOSS.
Evening star., 1962-04-22
ARMS AND ARMS &C

ARMS AND ARMS SOAN-
troll. Edited by Ernest w,
Lefever. CPraeger; $6.750
DR.. Lefever and The Wash
ington Center of Foreign Pol
icy Research have provided a
long-overdue single volume
symposium Of the widely
varying views on disarma-
ment.
There is at least as much
fuzzy thinking on this sub
ject as on other major issues
before the world today. Even
clear thinkers can drive logi-
cal thought progressions to
opposite conclusions on dis
armament.
Here, between two covers,
are the best-reasoned posi-
tionS of most of the leaders
of the diverse debate, from
Khrushchev and Kennedy to
Kahn, Wiesner Senator
Humphrey. Kissinger, Sohn,
Bethe and Teller, even Ber-
trand Russell.
A Symposium
This is much more than a
primer. 1t is the diStillation
of thinking among some of
Americas topmoSt experts
and a yardstick against
which we all can judge the
various disarmament pro-
posals likely to emerge in
this decade of the sixties.
Mr.. Lefever has found a
growing consensus of mod
crates. he writes in the OPEN
ing chapter, who embrace
neither extreme. They are
neither ban the bomb. nor
build the bomb enthusiasts.
These moderates advocate
military stability through a
gradual lowering of arms
levels to be achieved in three
ways, DR.. Lefever said.
First, partial unilateral
measures by the United
States and the Soviet Union
to reduce the menace of
their military establishments.
Second, "tacit agreements"
between major nuclear pow
Evening star., 1962-04-22
A FondIy
Recalled
First Lady
GRACE COOLIDGE AND
HER ERA. BY Ishbel Ross.
(Dodd, Mead & Co.; So

Enormously popular as a
First Lady, Mrs. Coolidge
seemed to relish the role
when she was mistress of the
White House.
Yet, when her husbands
administration was over, she
put Washington behind her.
Only once-in December,
1884, when she was motoring
South with a friend-did
she make a return visit, &C
cording to Miss Ross; and
then Mrs. Coolidge wore
horn trimmed glasses as a
disguise. Although they drove
to the entrance of the
White House and looked in
on the SmithSonian's First
Lady gown collection, she
succeeded in escaping recog-
milton from all except a
traffic officer who had been
one Of the Marines on duty
on the presidential yacht,
the Mayflower.
Perhaps the clue to her
personality was her great
Difference to her husband.
"Unruffled Harmony"
"She was a wife with per-
feet understanding of one
of the most individualistic of
American Presidents" Miss
Ross writes at the end, sum-
marizing a theme that re-
ours throughout the book.
Howard Chandler Christy,
whose painting of Mrs. Cool
idge in a red dress with her
white collie at her side be-
came a favorite on the White
House walls, said he had
never seen such "unruffled
harmony" as existed between
Grace and Calvin Coolidge.
AS friendly and outgoing
as her husband was silent,
Mrs. Coolidge was recognized
as a political asset early in
his career. But hers was al
ways a background role. Even
when he made his historic
announcement that he did
not choose to run again for
the presidency, Miss Ross
writes that she was one of
the most surprised persons
In the country. She learned
Of it quite accidentally after
her husband had come home
for his lunch and then gone
off for his afternoon nap.
Well GrOOmed
Mr.. Coolidge was devoted
to his wife, however, one of
the manifestations being his
great pride in seeing that
she was always beautifully
dressed, especially for state
functions.
There were occasions, too,
when Mrs. Coolidge asserted
herself. "She greatly en-
deared herself to the baseball
loving public in 1924, the year
in which the unlucky Wash
ington Senators won the
World Series from the New
York Giants" Miss Ross re-
calls. THE President accom-
panied her to the game. The
score was 3-3 in the ninth
inning, with Walter john
son pitching, when the Presi-
dent rose to leave. His wife
clutched at his coattails.
Where do you think you
are going?" she exclaimed.
You sit down.
Saw Senators Win
Calvin sat down. The
Senators went on to win the
game and the series in extra
innings. Had he left the
field the fans would have
been slow to forgive him"
Not only does this biogra-
ply supply a wealth of anec-