davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-09-14
Memorable Anniversary

r Thomas Garrigue Masaryk, founder
Of the Czechoslovak Republic, died Is
years ago today, believing he had laid
the foundation Of the only durable de-
mocracy in Eastern Europe. 1t did, in
deed, survive the inroads Of faScism,
only to fall prey to the long tentacles
of communism.
A patriot as well grounded in de-
mocracy's principles as our own Jeffer-
son, Masaryk is still the inspiration Of
those trapped behind the Iron Curtain
as well as champions of freedom every
where. Educator, philosopher, states
man, MaSaryk In the words Of one ad-
mirer taught the nation to accept de-
mocracy as the only modern and salts
factory way Of public and private life" :"
He was humanitarian who spent a
lifetime seeking, and living, the truth;
fighting for his country's liberation
while gently teaching the creed of
Love thy neighbor as thySelf" We join
with the Council of Free Czechoslovakia
in honoring the memory Of a noble and
eloquent man, who said: "If people
could understand each other, we should
have had democracy at one stroke;
without mutual understanding, without
tolerance, there is no freedom. Only
when we are completely truthful and
open with one another can we learn to
know one another; but without love
there is no truth; without truth and
love we cannot know our fellows"
Evening star., 1962-09-14
Insanity Hazard

1t came as a surprise, at least to us,
to read that defendant accused of
crime in Maryland might be found not
guilty by reason of insanity, and then
walk out Of court a free man.
This is not quite as bad as it sounds.
In Maryland, the test Of insanity In a
criminal case is whether the accused Is
able to distinguish between right and
wrong. If he can, he is sane. If he can't,
he is insane and, Of course, is not GRIM
inally responsible for his offense.
At the time of trial, however, the
court must be satisfied that the defend
ant is mentally competent to stand
trial" Essentially, this means that he
must be Of sufficiently sound mind to
understand the nature of the proceed
ings and to assist in his own defense.
Obviously, 1t seems to u.s. a person might
meet this test while being still of un-
sound mind in today's meaning of that
term.
There is further Safeguard" in
the sense that the Judge or jury could
find that the defendant was insane un-
der the right-wrong test at the time Of
his offenSe, and that he is still insane,
in which case he would not be released.
There is also very real possibility, how
ever, that jury might acquit a man
under the right-wrong test, although he
was not really sane at the time of trial,
and that he would be turned loose in
Maryland. incidentally, the same thing,
as far as we can ascertain, is true in Vir-
ginia.
There Is move afoot in MARYLAND
to do something about this potentially
dangerous situation A Maryland Bar
Association committee, headed by Judge
Dulaney Foster, has recommended that
a person found not guilty by reason Of
insanity should be committed to men,
tai institution for tests, treatment and
observation. After six months, the in
dividual could apply for release, and the
court, depending upon the testimony Of
the psychiatriStS, could either release
him or continue his commitment. This
sets up procedure similar to that In
Washington. and the interests Of the
Evening star., 1962-09-14
Marching Through Georgia

General william Tecumseh Sher-
man has long since gone to his reward.
But something not wholly unlike the
host he once led was marching through
Georgia on Wednesday. This time it
captured the State and routed the polit-
ical forces Of bigotry and intolerance.
This picture should not be over
drawn. The walls of hostility to inte-
grafton in Georgia have not been top
pied. This was evidenced In the easy
primary victory scored by Senator Her
man Talmadge, who certainly is no foe
Of segregation. But the fact remains
that the people of Georgia, freed from
the Strangling influence of the county
unit rule, rose up and naSSively re-
jected former Governor Marvin Griffin,
who promised, without ever quite saying
how, that he would stem the tide of in
tegration. For their next Governor
they chose Carl E. Sanders, youthful
State Senator and former University of
Georgia athlete, who never before had
run in Statewide election. And they
chose him by an Overwhelming major
ity-a majority so large and so dispersed
that he might have won under the now
outlawed unit rule. i,
Sanders ran as a moderate" and
described himself as segregationist.
He knows, however, that the tide can
not be wholly stemmed, and thus the
outlook in Georgia is for period of
slow, painful and difficult adjustment.
The vote shows, we think, that most
Georgians prefer this to the blind, bit
ter and ultimately futile resistance for
which Mr.. Griffin stood, or claimed to
stand.
1t has been almost century since
General Sherman marched through
Georgia. That was long time ago. But
one of the significant aspects of his
conquest finally is beginning to mani
fest itself
Evening star., 1962-09-14
Judge Davis in Trouble

This weeks political upheaval in
Georgia spells nothing but trouble for
the Mayor of Washington" Repre-
sentative James C. Davis. When the
votes were counted, Judge Davis had
polled 74,889 to 76,707 for his politically
unknown opponent, Charles Longstreet
Weltner. Two also-rans received about
1900 votes.
Twice before, Judge Davis has
trailed in popular vote In his district,
only to emerge as winner under the
unit rule. But the courts now have
knocked the unit rule in the head, and
Judge Davis, in runoff on September
26, must win a clear majority Of the
popular vote. The also-rans this week
were liberals" and Judge Davis cannot
expect to pick up any Of their votes.
On the other hand, he has stuck to his
knitting in Washington instead of going
home to campaign during the primary.
A vigorous effort in his district on his
part could make a difference between
now and late September. There is an
other uncertain factor Apparently a
substantial number of qualified Negroes
didn't vote in the primary. Presumably,
they planned to vote Republican in the
general election. But there's nothing to
stop them from voting in the runoff,
and there's little doubt as to who would
get their votes.
This, to repeat, adds up to the con-
clusion that Judge Davis, after eight
terms in Congress, is in trouble. But
he's a tough man in the clinches, and
he hasn't been counted out yet.
Evening star., 1962-09-14
Thworting Justice

Officials of the Teamsters Union
have as much right as anyone else to
lombard members of Congress with tele-
grams in opposition to legislation. There
is very little substance, however, to the
argument Of the union in its latest
saturation attack on the so-called OBJ
struction-of-iuStice bill now pending
before the House.
This bill has a single purpose: To
close a loophole in the laws which al
ready (but to an inadequate degree)
make 1t Illegal for anyone to threaten
or otherwise intimidate citizens who
witness or have other evidence con-
corning the commission of Federal
crimes. Under present law, the protec-
ton Of the witnesses applies only after
court proceedings have actually started.
AS Attorney General Kennedy SAYS:
Experience has shown that potential
witnesses are often inundated.
threatened, or coerced when a matter
is IN its investigative stage, prior to
the initiation Of proceeding. This
obstruction, which is not now Federal
offense, prevents the initiation of pro-
ceedingS and is therefore inimical to
the true administration of Justice"
According to the Teamsters. this
simple extension of Federal law some
how poses threat to the Individual
rights and privacies" of citizens. How
so? And what citizens? The fact is
that the Senate has been careful to
define precise limits to the application
OF the law. And the House Judiciary
Committee has further confined its
coverage to Investigations by the FBI,
the Bureau Of Narcotics and the Inter
nal Revenue Service of nine specific
land all very Serious) Federal crimes.
Indeed, in doing so, we think the House
committee has watered down the bill
too far.
There Is still time for the committee
to reconsider these restrictions before
the bill reaches the House for a vote.
We hope that 1t sees fit to do so. The
paramount need, however, is to complete
congressional action on the strongest
possible bill during this session. The
Senate version was approved more than
a year ago. Failure of the House to
act could only give comfort and assist
ance to those whose aim is to thwart
justice.
Evening star., 1962-09-14
A BOOK FOR TODAY
Scepter Now a Meaningless Symbol?
BY DONALD MINTZ

dition and form a core of
continuity in our institu-
tions. They are privileged
persons and their positions
are not as a rule affected by
changes In government. 1t is
untrue to say, as some inn
petuously do, that their ex-
tstence makes democracy q
humbug, but the more de-
tailed knowledge we have of
the daily working Of our Sys-
tenn, the clearer it is that
much that the public as
surnes to be decided by their
electe d representatives is
really managed by persons
whose names may not even
be known to the public"
Mr.. Martins conclusion is
conservative and clear. He
has no use for adulation of
what he calls the "TV mon
archy." He believes that "the.
Monarchy could still be re-
spected and indeed loved, as
hereditary presidency of the
nation and Commonwealth.
But If it maintains itself as
head of a social class and
vanishing economic order, it
can only be a symbol of the,
past and not become part Of
the new England that waits
to be born"
FROM TIME TO TIME,
one feels that merely to read
the book is to interfere in
the internal affairs Of an old
and well loved ally. Thus,
though 1t Is astounding to
read that the Queens tax
position is a subject shrouded
in the deepest mystery. we
feel that this sort of thing
is really not for us.
Mr.. Martin briefly consid-
ers the advantages Of a con-
stitutional monarchy in the
abstract, comparing them to
those that accrue from elect-
ing a ceremonial chief of
state. Though the snobbery
that surrounds the crown Is
well nigh impossible when the
chief Of state Is elected for
a limited time, Mr.. Martin
nevertheless tends to agree
with the distinguished psy-
chiatrist. Ernest Jones, that
the monarchy is to be pre-
ferred, provided it adapts it
self to modern conditions.
Despite the American title
of his book, Mr.. Martin be-
lieves that the magic Of the
monarchy is gone for good
and ALL" The story Of how
this has happened necessarily
mingles political and histori-
cal material of general in
terest with personal informa-
ton about the crown Of dis
tinctly limited interest.
Evening star., 1962-09-14
LETTERS TO THE STAR.
Hindsiqht and Foresight on Communist Cuba

ing one-seventh of the land
surface of the world, with the
third biggest population and
fantastic natural resources,
with importation much less
vital to Russia's economy
than in the case of the United
States. Theoretically, there
is no limit beyond which the
threat of Communist Gu b q
can grow, If Khrushchev's
gamble pays off. Cuba itself
is not essential to Khrush-
chev's plans; he can back
down in the face of deter
mined resistance, perhaps
even secretly grateful to be
rid of the drain on the our
rent Soviet economy.
The time is past for 20/20
hindsight; II. for instance,
the United States had only
honored its pledge for tn e
second air-cover in the Bay
of Pigs" invasion. 1t is axio-
matte that broken promises,
while Immediately injurious
to those promised, are often
more harmful in the long run
to those people or govern
ments who have given, and
retracted, their word. And
time Is running out for us.
without terrible future cost,
to honor our pledge. given
through the Monroe Doctrine,
to'our American allies.
Barbara d. McGarry.
In your editorial, THE Poet
and the Bear" you express
in the first and in the last
sentences hope" a..
Betwixt and between, I
wonder: (A) Why should the
Poet have heard" the Bear
at all on the subject mat
ter of political import-re-
garding which he now reports
to us what the Bear
thought; and (B) at what
point, in our relations with
a country hostile to us, do
the chips" come down?
Have we not habitually -
rather than never" - run
from a fight" until, having
been overtly attacked. we
have had no choice? Did we
not let the German war-lords
and the Japanese war-lords
think, and are we not now
letting Premier Khrushchev
and Premier Castro-think
we are too liberal to fight?
Quo usque. =? QUEEN ad
finemP CHow far? To the
bitter end?l.
Stanley X. Hornbeck.
Evening star., 1962-09-14
The HorseIess Carriage Is Here to Stoy

also trucks which carry much
of the produce and commodi-
ties which are required in a
great metropolitan area.
Without freeways, truck traf-
fic is slowed down to a crawl,
transportation costs are
multiplied. and the time con-
sumed is greatly increased.
OF even greater signif-
icance, however, is the ques-
ton, who will use the rail
line and subway If 1t is built?
With the ever-increasing
number of automobiles that
are being manufactured and
sold. there is no assurance
that the purchasers of these
vehicles are willing to aban-
don their cars and pay to
park them at huge parking
areas and transfer to the rail
line.
The experience of the sub
way in. Toronto is a classic
example of the fact that a
subway does not attract any
appreciable number Of COM
muters who formerly travelled
by automobile. Every year
since the opening of the
Toronto subway there has
been a reduction In the num-
ber Of passengers riding the
subway running into the mil
lions.
One final question to be
answered: How will the rail
lines and bways be
financed?
1t Is estimated that the pro-
gram to be recommended by
the National Capital Trans
portation Agency will cost a
billion dollars which is.
roughly, equivalent to a thou
sand dollars per resident. Will
the taxpayers accept this in
creased tax burden?
In contrast. the financing
Of the highway program is
already provided for in the en-
tire amount ($870 million) j..
All of this highway money
is being paid from taxes on
the highway user.
Before we slow down the
freeway construction pro-
gram that has been planned
for the National Capital Re-
Evening star., 1962-09-14

entire water supply. which
Castro could accomplish
without notice, would force
the base into a position of
dependence on shipped in
supplies of water. Still
simpler. and more to be
guarded against. would be the
introduction of biological
methods through water con-
tamination. Others maintain
= that the procedure of con-
tainment" should be left to
the OAS, which heretofore
has shown great reluctance
in dealing with Cuba, man.
aging with q scant two
thirds majority to expel
Communist Cuba from the
organization.
Historical precedent would
seem to be with those ad-
vocating a blockade by the
United States Navy to pre-
vent Cuba from becoming a
total Soviet military base. AS
a kind of Berlin Blockade"
with roles reversed, it would
include blockade by air, and
underwater. II reports are
valid as to Cuba's buildup as
a Soviet submarine base.
Within the last is years, the
United States Sixth Fleet has
brilliantly supported the
Truman Doctrine in the case
Of Greece and Turkey; and
the United States Seventh
Fleet has contained the east
ward encroachment Of r e d
China beyond the Formosan
Straits.
Castro's Soviet masters.
while going through the spe-
cious motions Of assisting his
government, are obviously
paving the way for a COM
plete Soviet "protectorate."
Undoubtedly. If at this late
date Castro would show some
vestige of independence or
variance from the Mosco ow
line, he would meet his fate
at the hands of a Soviet t
agent in the guise Of a
counter revolutionary" to
make the protectorate more
complete. And, no matter
who aims the guns the facts
remain that Cuba is 80 miles
from Key West. 400 miles
from Cape Canaveral, and
750 miles from the Panama
Canal - and is the first
Communist stronghold, daily
growing more entrenched, in
the new world. Behind this
island looms the shadow Of
the worlds largest state
Satellites excluded, occupy
Evening star., 1962-09-14
WATCHING THE WORLD
Berlin, Cuban Positions Compared
BY CROSBY S. NOYE
Foreign Correspondent Of The Star

overtly Communist govern
ment. It is. in fact, hard to
escape the conclusion that
Mr.. Khrushchev has delib-
erately sought to place him
self in exactly the same ex-
posed and dangerous stra-
tegic position in Cuba as the
allies find themselves in
Berlin.
Since Mr.. Khrushchev, as
Poet Robert Frost discov-
cred. is no fathead, it is rea- 7
sonable to ask what on earth
he has in mind.
At first glance. perhaps the .
idea Of an eventual horse
trade is intriguing. Undoubt- :
edly despite whatever he may {
say to Tass, Berlin is q great
deal more important to Mr..
Khrushchev than Cuba is.
Conceivably he may have
been led to believe that the
opposite is true of the United
States and that If he came up
some day with an offer to
scuttle Mr.. Castro, the allies
would be willing to liuuidate
its position in West Berlin.
AS a practical man, however,
it is hard to believe that he
could be so n1isled as to
think the West would be In
terested in any such PROPOSE
ton.
A better explanation may
be Mr.. Khrushchev's own
estimate of the weakness" of
the Western position in Ber-
lin.
Two Possible Conclusions
He may see it. in fact, as
a tremendous asset to the
West and q devastating LA
bility to the prestige of his
own country. 1t is not only !
that Berlin thrusts an ideo- .
logical beachhead deep with ,
in his territory. 1t also is to
all the world a dramatic DEM
onstration of the fact that, ,
for all his threats and prom-
ises, he is powerless to re- ;
duce this position for fear of
starting a nuclear war.
If this is the case, then the
Russian operation In Cuba
begins to make considerable
sense. By installing himself
in a similar position off the
American coast Premier
Khrushchev may hope to re-
dress-in propaganda terms
at least-the great advantage
which the West has enjoyed
in Berlin. BY trying to make
1t appear that his threats
have prevented an American
attack on Cuba he may hope
to put the United States in
in a position of equivalent
impotence In the eyes Of the
rest of the world.
The hypothesis, perhaps, Is
too fragile to build on very
far. But If 1t is correct, two
rather obvious conclusions
suggest themselves. The first
Is that Mr.. Khrushchev
won't allow pressure on Ber-'
lin to get out Of hand. The
second is that his commit
ment to Cuba and his threats
to the United States may be
a good deal more serious
than is generally supposed. :
One defense against the
Russian ploy, of course, Is
to keep the American comG'
mitment to liberate Cuba
well below Mr.. Khrushchev's
commitment to liberate Ber-I
lin. This the administration
so far has wisely done. But
given the pressures at work
and the stakes involved the,
danger in the present situa-
ton is all too evident.
Evening star., 1962-09-14

THE MAGIC OF THE BRIT
ISH MONARCHY by Kings
ley Martin. 1872 pp., illus
Atlantic-Little, Brown ant
Co., $4.75.
q" Most Americans are aware
that in the past the reigning
monarchs Of Great Britain
exercised q good deal of
power. They are also aware
that monarchs who used
their power in an excessively
displeaSing fashion were sub
ject to loss Of their heads.
In "The Magic of the
British Monarchy" Kings
ley Martin, former editor Of
the New Statesman. does not
extend our knowledge of de-
capitation, but he does show
that in recent times, the
Crown has exerted far more
influence than we are gener-
ally aware.
Presumably this is the CEN
trail thesis Of his book which
was published in Great
Britain under the title The
Crown and the Establish
ment." The examples cannot
be drawn from the most re-
cent history, for, with a few
minor exceptions, state Sc
crecy Is such that no one
even knows whether such ex-
amples exist. Mr.. Martin can
take us to the end of World
War I, however, and he
shows that the Kings views
of strategy were unfortu-
nately given great weight.
1T is IMPOSSIBLE to say
what the Queen thinks about
the Common Market for ex-
ample, If indeed she thinks
anything. Plainly it is i'm
possible to suggest that she
has had had anything to do
with the formulation of Brit
ish economic policy towards
the continent. Mr.. Martin
does not suggest that she in
any way influences current
affairs.
But he is deeply interested
in the Establishment, and
he feels that it is supported
by the Crown. But what is
the Establishment?
Probably the best defini-
tion of the Establishment" "
writes Mr.. Martin, "is that it
is that part Of our govern
ment that has not been sub
jected to democratic control.
1t is the combined influence
Of persons who play a part
in public life. though they
have not been appointed on
any public test Of merit or
election. More important
still, they are not subject to
dismissal by democratic
process. They uphold q ira
Evening star., 1962-09-14

To those who are looking
forward to the report of the
National Capital Transporta-
ton Agency in November as
an answer to all the trans
portation problems in the
National Capital Region, I
would point out the fact that
a rail transit and subway
system at best can provide
only a very limited portion of
the transportation need In
the area.
For example, II all the
automobiles coming into the
central city during peak Pc
riods were eliminated and the
commuters forced to use mass
transportation. 80 per cent
of the automobiles would still
be operating on the streets
and highways of the National
Capital Region.
Thirty or 40 years ago,
most of the committing was
between the central city and
the suburbs. Today, only a
small portion Of the commut-
ing is between the central
city and the suburbs. Most of
it is between various portions
Of the region including such
points as the Atomic Energy
Commission near Gathers
burg. Maryland and the Gen.
trail Intelligence Agency at
Langley, Virginia.
A rail line :. Is static. Its
principal value would be to
transport people from point
A to point B. Its ability to
meet the transportation prob
lem is accordingly limited to
a narrow corridor. Bus trans
portation. on the other hand,
is flexible and when operated
on freeways. can be organ
lied to pick UP passengers in
residential areas. carry them
to freeways and thence by
express routes to a point near
their destination with q min
imum of inconvenience a n d
delay.
Another comparison be-
tween rail lines and subways
on the one hand and freeways
on the other is that the lat
ter accommodates not only
automobiles and buses but