davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-01-14
AdouIo Support

* BY and large, the Afro-Asian
bloc in the U. N. supported Mr.
Adoula. The recent U. N. action
in the Congo was based on a
desire to strength the central gov
ernment, and prevent a civil war
threatened by Communist support
of the Gizenga group.
- The United States has supported
the U. N. action partly in the
hope of combining the anti-Com-
munist forces in the Congo. The
recent cease fire and the Tshombe-
Adoula accord give rise to hope
that the secession may be over,
and Katanga may swing its heavy
economic weight behind the CEN
tral government.
In recent months, it was
, apparent that MI. Gizenga-al-
though theoretically desiring a
=, strong central government had
little interest in supporting Leo
= poldville. He has been holed up
in Stanleyville, and has taken no
part in the government of the
Congo.
Mutinies in nearby Kivu Prov
, ince last September were traced to
- Gizenga agents, and many OBJ
servers felt that the Communists
= were trying to foment a secession
{. Of their own. A Katanga victory
over the U. N. probably would
have meant the end of the Adoula
= regime, and a chance for Red
takeoVer.
Evening star., 1962-01-14
The Foreign Scene

Leopoldville to face charges that
he was planning a secession.
The order received unexpected
support from members of Mr..
Gizenga'S own group, apparently
desiring an end to the Congo
fractionaliSm, now that Katanga's
secession appears over.
Mr.. Gizenga has wavered on
whether to comply with the order,
but it seemed clear to observers
that his influence in his own
province, had been sharply re-
duced in recent weeks.
Angered by Mr.. Gizenga's at
temptS to interfere with central
government troops in Stanleyville,
the Chamber of Deputies ordered
his arrest yesterday. If he tries to
avoid capture, there is a strong
possibility that the U. N. may be
asked to help hunt him down.
The U. N. Congo command has
Security Council authorization to
use force if necessary to prevent
civil war, and presumably would
cooperate with the Congo forces
of Mr.. Gizenga tries to attack the
Congo troops.
Developments at the end of the
week seemed to indicate that if
Kantanga rejoins the Congo the
Katanga assembly is debating the
issue now-the Gizenga influence
can be discounted. This might
mean the return of order and
stability to the country, but such
optimism has appeared in the
horizon before, only to be blotted
out by unpredictable clouds of
strife.
Evening star., 1962-01-14
Power in the West

The undertaking will have
many aspects. For one thing, it
will involve the construction of
a 1,000-mile tie line linking the
power facilities of the Northwest
with California. We've been lag
ging behind in this field" said
Mr.. Udall, explaining that such
system was needed for bal
anced use of power, private and
governmental.
The program, which the PreSi-
dent is expected to present
shortly, also will involve what Mr..
Udall called fresh efforts" to
conserve water resources, the re-
building of forest lands, legisla-
ton to preserve the remnants of
the American wilderness, and
creation of system of water
fowl and wildlife refugees.
An important part will be
rounding out the National Park
System by the addition of such
wild coastland dunes as Michigan's
sleeping Bear Dunes and those
off the shores of Texas, areas
along the Ozark river, Utah's can
canyon lands and the prairies of
Kansas.
What Mr.. Udall is in hope of
seeing is the creation of a Youth
Conservation Corps to work on
problems of reforeStation, soil
erosion and the development of
park lands.
The Secretary, the great out
doorsman of the New Frontier,
sees this as the country's last
great opportunity in the conserva-
ton field. 1--WE are the out-of-
doors department" he says with
pride. And 1 take great encour-
agement from the act tn a t
American people are really return
ing to the land. We intend to
help them. This is one of the
really healthy signs in the
country"
Mr.. Udall, who climbed Mt.
Fujiyama on a recent visit to
Japan despite fears Of japanese
authorities that it was an un-
seasonable time to attempt to
scale the 12,395-foot peak, will
not let his duties keep him in
doors. He is planning field trips
and he may try some more noun
tain climbing. Il expect" he said,
Ito get around"
Evening star., 1962-01-14
BY CECIL HOLLAND
Star staff Writer

In the first year Of his labors
in the Kennedy administrations
vineyard Stewart L. Udall clearly
established homesteader rights to
one distinction: He became in
volved in more controversies
than any of his cabinet col
leagues.
None of it was earthshaking
and in times, perhaps, all of it
will be forgotten. But somehow
during the year the 41-year-old
Secretary of the Interior often
found himself in the headlines
in ways not too flattering.
At the outset of the new ad-
miniStration he jouSted with his
former Republican colleagues in
the House Rules Committee fight,
and stepped into some hot water
in selling tickets for a Demo-
cratic Embarrassing dinner.
In an undignified way he was
chased, dripping wet, from the
anglers Inn during the course
of a hike along the tow path
of the BIO canal, and beat a
-hasty retreat, by helicopter, from
the wheat field of an irate
Kansas farmer. More than that,
he set himself up as a critic Of
Washington's Statuary and was
challenged by those who have
greater fondnesS for marble than
he has.
Evening star., 1962-01-14
Not Seeking Trouble

If the public image" Of Mr..
rUdall has not been altogether
pleasing to his associates, the
Secretary himself seems uncon-
cerned about it all. He does not
regard himself as controversy
prone, nor does he consider that
he goes out looking for trouble.
ANY Secretary" he said, who
is an activist, who is trying to
oafford fresh leadership is inevi-
1tably going to become involved in
controversy.
y. The youthful-looking cabinet
officer, working in his office in
his shirtsleeVes, said this had been
true of all forceful secretaries in
the past. He was thoughtful for
a moment and added:
"This department is the guar
dian and trustee of the public
interest. If you do your job right,
you can't shun controversy"
The Interior Department, he
pointed out, has "a special in
terest and responsibility" in the
District of Columbia as the seat
of the Federal Government.
I'VE relish these contacts" he
said, because they give us
part in local affairs"
Mr.. Udall is quietly satisfied
with his ventures thus far on
the local scene, including his set
to with the Redskins chief.
Evening star., 1962-01-14
Loss to Reds

After several months of fight
ing, President Kennedy was forced
to admit that the United States
had overestimated Prince Boun
Gums capabilities. Instead of ex-
pelling the Reds, he lost half
Of his country to them.
This resulted in a change in
United States policy-a reluctant
desire to establish a neutral"
Laotian state. In his State-of the
Union, Mr.. Kennedy repeated his
hopes for a neutral and inde-
pendent Laos"
Premier Khrushchev agreed to
such plan last May, apparent
ly trying to avoid a big power
conflict in Southeast Asia. A IA
nation Geneva conference was
convoked, and it agreed on pre-
liminary means to enforce the
cease fire.
The conference, however, has
not been able to function salts
factorily so long as the Laotian
Evening star., 1962-01-14

is to step into a colony and in
effect govern it during the tranSi-
tion to full independence. Such
a capacity would help accomplish
all four of the above objectives.
The U. N. would require sub
stantial staff of trouble-shooters
in the office of the secretary
general, and money to pay for
them. 1t does not at present have
either. The United States, among
others, plans to urge that it get
them.
Temporary U. N. government
would provide a face-Saving way
out for the more enlightened
colony-oWn countries which
are willing to release their hold
ings but which have nailed them
selves to the thesis-in some cases
perfectly valid-that the colony
is not ready"
Holland has already urged such
a solution for New Guinea.
Eventually the more rigid colonial
rulers may feel obliged to follow
suit.
Some anticolonialists, too, for
their part, might be prepared to
accept U. N. tutelage. performed
with tact and subtlety, as a de-
vice to ease out the colonial
power. There is an immense prob
lem of pride, but most Africans
have confidence that the U. N.
would act in their interests and
release its responsibilities as soon
as feasible.
The 104-nation General As
sembly, which reconveneS tomor-
row, viii have peacemaking in the
colonies and steps to strengthen
the U. N. as the two principal
items on its order of business.
Evening star., 1962-01-14
Political Issue

20 .. His death in January, 1861, how
ever, did not end his influence.
In fact, his major programme
unity the Congo became the
major political issue in Leopold
vile. 1t was apparent that no
Congo government could count
Non much popular support unless
1T took action against the Katanga
government, supported by taxes
from Western mining companies,
Aand fortified by Western mer-
scenarieS.
=, Mr.. Lumumba'S political heir
was Antoine Gizenga, but Mr..
CiZenga never had the popular
appeal of his predecessor. The So
Wet Union for a while recognized
Mr.. Gizenga's Stanleyville regime
as the legal Congo government,
but gave this up when Mr. Gil
Zeinga agreed to accept the post of
Deputy Premier in the Leopold
vile government last summer.
The Communist view seemed to
be one of joining forces with the
Leopoldville group and then sub
verting it from within. The con-
tinued secession of Mr.. Tshombe
seemed to strengthen the Com
munist position, since it weak
ened the influence of the new
Premier Cyrille Adoula.
Evening star., 1962-01-14

stantial quantities in recent
months. 1t is also noted that Red
China has been active in certain
parts of Africa, among other
things training native saboteurs
and terroristS.
A possible moderating influence
is the recent discovery by Guinea
of a Communist plot to over
throw the government of Presi-
dent Sekou Toure. If the Africans
once were to realize that they
were being duped, rather than
aided, by Moscow and Peiping,
much might change.
But at present their fanatic
determination to get rid of
colonialism has blinded them to
virtually all else.
African wars of liberation"
could quickly take on nasty as
poets of race conflict. The white
rulers of South Africa have long
been sitting on a powder keg
which would certainly be touched
off in such an event.
Certain far-sighted U. N. dip
lomatS are attempting to head off
the disaster, first by a process
of education and second by a
series of proposals to modernize
and streamline the U. MS peace
making machinery.
United States delegate Adlai E.
Stevenson long has warned of the
critical danger inherent in the
distirtegration of colonial en-
pires. No empire in history ever
has broken up peacefully, he has
pointed out; in each case, war
has resulted as competing forces
have rushed in to fill the vacuum.
This is essentially what is hap
pening in the Congo. In a sense,
Evening star., 1962-01-14
Red Supported

Communist-supported Pathet
Lao forces are entrenched in the
strategic north, allied with the
partisans of former premier Sou
wanna Phouma, the country'S So
called neutralist leader.
In the capital of Vientiane,
troops loyal to Prince Boun Oum
are in command supported by
vast quantities of American mill
tary aid. In addition, the Laotian
economy - the most inflated in
the area - is backed almost en-
tirely by American dollars.
At the end of President Eli
senhoWer's administration, the
United States backed Prince
Boun Oum to the hilt, hoping that
his forces could defeat the pro-
Communists and the neutralists,
and swing neutral Laos over
to the West. This would bridge
the SEATO allies of South Wet
Nam and Thailand.
Evening star., 1962-01-14
Railroads.:
Big Merger

Directors of the Pennsylvania
and the New York Central on
Friday approved merger of the
two giant railroads.
While some individual lines
have continued to operate profit
ably, the railroad industry has
been sick for years and getting
Sicker.
The causes have been many and
not too hard to spot: Rising COM
petition from the private dutomo-
bile, buses, trucks and airplanes;
higher and higher labor costs and,
in some cases, poor management.
The cure for the roads red-ink
ailment has been less easy to find.
More efficient operations through
Evening star., 1962-01-14
SECRETARY UDALL AFTER YEAR
He Gets Around and Into Trouble

some of them are canonized in
marble or metal.
For most of the last year Mr..
Udall and his aides have been
working toward that end, This
has been time, he emphasized,
for launching new planning and
that has involved spinning
wheels quite a Bit" In this new
year Mr.. Udall expects to get
under way on what he called "a
new effort on the whole conserva-
ton front"
Evening star., 1962-01-14
ICC Must Approve

In the first II months of 1861,
the Central lost $159 million, the
Pennsylvania, $2.7 million. Wheth-
er two losers will make a winner
remains to be seen, but before
the lines get a chance to find out,
the Interstate Commerce Com
mission must approve the con-
Solidation. The Justice Depart
ment, which does not always look
with favor on mergers of big cor
porationS, may object. The rail-
road unions, fearing job losses,
already have.
Evening star., 1962-01-14
Helped Other Agencies
New Liberation War Planned for Africa?

it also explains Algeria, Angola,
Goa, and New Guinea. In each
case, old empires are breaking up
and new forces, directly or in
directly, are coming in to take
their place-to the accompani-
ment of violence.
The U. N. is trying desperately
to fill the vacuum in the Congo
and to prevent a direct East
West clash. 1t has eased the
transition to independence for
16.5 million people in trust ter
ritories, and is readying others.
But the problem is by no means
solved.
What are needed are:
. Means to reconcile what other
wise would be irreconcilable: The
determination of most colonies to
be free - Immediately, regardless
of readiness for self-rule, and the
stake of the world community in
minimum stability and order The
world cannot afford many more
Congos.
The U.N.'s Role
. Means to protect infant states
from Communist subversion,
bringing in its turn Western coun-
teraction-and the danger of war.
. Means to jolt, persuade, or
pressure colonial countries so
that in the goth century they
cannot cling to their old privileges
without touching off explosions,
as in Goa and Angola.
. Means to jolt, persuade, or
pressure anticolonial countries
into using peaceful means for
liberation.
One thing the U. N. should be
better prepared to do, many feel,
Evening star., 1962-01-14

to the War Department when it
was establishing its counterintel-
ligence corps.
He came to the immigration
service in January, 1941, to help
set up its inspection force, but
when the war came he went into
Air Force intelligence as a second
lieutenant and came out a lieu
tenant colonel.
After the war, he returned to
the immigration service as chief of
the New York Investigations divi-
sion and was carefully building
the cases against the racketeerS
when the late Commissioner Wat
son B. Miller called him to Wash
ington as his special assistant.
After serving for three years as
assistant commissioner for re-
earch, education and citizenship,
Mr.. Farrell was named assistant
commissioner for Investigations in
May, 1852. He was the first to
hold that position as inveStiga-
tlonS were recognized for the first
time as regular function of the
immigration service. He had been
associate commissioner for opera
tionS since 1858 when President
Kennedy named him to succeed
1t. Gen. j. M. Swing (retired) as
commissioner. He was sworn in
last week before 100 well-wishers
from congressman to judges. At
his side was the former Charlotte
Griedel, who became Mrs. Farrell
in November.
On the Crime Attack
AS an ex-investigator, he is en-
thusiaStic about Attorney Gen
eral Robert F. Kennedy's CO.
ordinated attack on organized
crime.
1--WE provide the additional
weapon of deportation, he ex-
planned. I'VE have our people
working with the Justice Depart
ment's organized crime section in
a number of cities.
I'VE are passing on as intelli-
gence anything we get on syndi-
cate or individual crime. Maybe
we can't deport them because
they have committed only one
crime but we can provide the
information to help prosecute
them for a second crime which
makes them deportable. We are
going where the mobSJers are and
Whre the little ones are who are
trying to be mobsterS."
Mr.. Farrell also plans to be
doing some travelling, although it
was being constantly on the move
that kept him single until he
turned SIS.
Il believe in getting out and
getting around" he explained.
"I've got to see what's going on"
Evening star., 1962-01-14
National Scene

better management and elimina-
ton of marginal services have oc-
caSionally cut losses. But this was
not the answer. In the absence of
any real help from the Federal
Government, either in loans or an
overall transportation program,
the big lines have turned toward
merger.
Last week, the directors of two
of the Nations largest, the Penn
Sylvania, with assets of $2.9 billion,
and the New York Central, with
$2.5 billion, agreed on terms for
history's biggest corporate merger.
Evening star., 1962-01-14
Long Experience as Investigator
Hell ps New immigration Head

Service Commission at 5000
year.
But I got a promotion" he
said, Il became a full-fledged
messenger at 5000 a year"
While he worked his way
through Georgetown, he found
time to star on the track team,
specializing in sprints and run
ming broad jump. Now SIS and
silver haired, he goes in for spec
tator sports with a particular
fondnesS for ice hockey
Groduote Of Georgetown
After graduating from George
town Law School in 1881 he be-
came a special agent for the FBI.
He stayed there only a year be-
cause he wanted to work in a law
office but he learned an operat-
ing system at the FBI that he
plans to emphasize in his new
role.
Like the FBI, Mr.. Farrell will
stress highly centralized in
veStigative system where agents
in the field maintain close con-
tact with Washington.
"A man in Denver may pick up
some information and try to
make the case alone" he ex-
planned. In Washington, we may
have the piece he's looking for or
he may have the missing link in
our case. I believe the only way
you can successfully beat organ
lied crime is with a highly CEN
tralized investigation. I done
believe it can be handled on
local basis. We're going to en-
phasize centralized investigations
in organized crime and subversive
elements"
After his experience with the
FBI and year in a private law
office, he learned another major
lesson of the successful investi-
gator - the pick and shovel"
day-to-day investigative job. At
the instance of another former
FBI man he went to work for
Secretary of the Interior Ickes.
In the course of his investigations,
he travelled through the Indian
country, delved into labor prob
lens at Boulder Dam and checked
on how well oil enforcement was
working out in Texas.
Helped Other Agencies
Between Investigations, Secre-
tary IckeS loaned him out to
other agancies in need of expert
help. He was loaned to a joint
committee of Congress investigat-
ing the Tennessee Valley Author
ity, to the Federal Communica-
tions Commission to investigate
applications for radio stations and
Evening star., 1962-01-14
In Sc. ASIA:
To Geneva

The United States last week
resumed economic aid to Prince
Boun Gums right-wing Lao
tian government after pressur-
ing him to meet again with his
rival princes.
For more than six months, an
uneasy ceasefire has existed in
Evening star., 1962-01-14
BY WILLIAM r. FRYE
Contributing Writer

UNITED NATIONS. N. Y. -
Certain crusading African states.
encouraged by India's seizure of
Goa, are mapping an African
antl-colonial war to "liberate" An
COLA, Rhodesia, South West At
rica, and other smaller territories,
1t has been learned here.
Ghana, Guinea, the United
Arab Republic. Morocco, and Mali
are among the principal expo
nentS of the plan.
They have formed an "all-Af-
rican" general staff composed of
h1gh-r a n king military officers
from national armed forces. Ger
tain of these African generals and
colonies were wanted by the U. N.
for its Congo operation, but were
said to be too busy with their
general staff work.
The plan to drive white rulers
out of Africa is very much in the
cocoon stage. 1t probably is little
more than contingency planning.
Whether it could ever be mill
tarily feasible is open to ques-
ton.
Evening star., 1962-01-14
Rhode Island Native

eve just went ahead and every
one seemed pleased when we
started getting results" he said.
I'VE got rid of some real bad
ones"
The new commissioner talks
with trace of New England in
his accent. He was born and
brought up in Pawtucket, R. l.,
but Washington has been his
home since 1925 when he came
here to attend Georgetown Uni
versity and got his first Govern
ment job. He was taken on as a
junior messenger for the Civil
Evening star., 1962-01-14
New Element

Events in the Congo have gone
. the other way, however, much
to Soviet disappointment. With
Katanga about to step in line,
the central government last week
turned its attention to Stanley
vile. The Chamber of Deputies Or
dered Mr.. Gizenga to return to
Evening star., 1962-01-14

felt the same way long before
he attained his present position
of eminence which lends a
stronger voice to his objections.
It is not that the former Arizona
Congressman does not entertain
proper respect for American
heroes, past and present. What
he would like to see is a little
more discrimination and the
elapSe of a decent interval to at
tain historical perspective before
Evening star., 1962-01-14

After some fancy trading Mr..
Marshall has turned up with an
experienced Negro halfback to
give some punch to next years
Redskins in their second year in
the new District Stadium. Il think
maybe Mr.. Marshall will thank
us next year." the Secretary said.
Evening star., 1962-01-14

Continued From Page B-1
found for arms, though, was the
Soviet Union. Soviet diplomats in
.Leopoldville so irritated other Con-
go politicians, however, that they
engineered Mr.. Lumumba'S arrest
and subsequent murder.
Evening star., 1962-01-14

princes can not decide among
themselves on a single Laotian
government.
Evening star., 1962-01-14
Ghono Importing Weapons

Nevertheless, the threat is being
taken seriously by many U. N.
diplomats, especially in the light
of Red China's proclaimed thirst
for wars of liberation" and Rus
sia's willingness to support them.
The African states most active in
the war planning are among
those considered furthest left in
their political orientation.
1t is noted that Ghana has
been importing weapons in sub
Evening star., 1962-01-14
The Stotuory Fight

Nor does he regret his stand
against Washington statuary. He
Evening star., 1962-01-14

Laos.
Evening star., 1962-01-14

Continued From Page B-1
ambitious undertaking, and much
of it will not be passed or even
considered this year.