davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-04-08

They knew that freedom isn't
freedom If 1t is confined to that
which is inoffensive; that there
is no freedom when controversy
has been abolished. This country
was not founded by towards.
There is the myth that security
is the highest social good. Well,
the most secure place in the
world is a prison. but who wants
to live there?
There is the myth I hesitate
to utter - so outlandish is it
that men and women are equal.
This is madness. The fight for
equality under law has led to a
conclusion which is biologically
and psychologically insupportable.
Men and women belong to diff
ferent races. as different as Eski-
mos and Hottentots. It is impos-
Sible for any man truly to enter
the universe of a woman, or for
any woman truly to grasp and
sense and empathize with the in
ternal structure Of the male.
Little Johnny sent a note to
the girl next to him in school,
a typical masculine note: Dear
Mary, I love you. Do you love
me? (signe0 Johnny" And he
got back from Mary a lovely,
feminine note: Dear Johnny, I
do not Underlined three times)
love you. Love Mary"
Unhappy Childhood
There is the myth that you
can explain neurotic behavior by
attributing it to an unhappy
childhood. But all childhood is
unhappy: all childhood is charged
with uncertainty and fear, with
conflict and Illustration, with un-
bearable rage and unattainable
desire. It makes little sense to
talk about unhappy childhoods
unless we ask why some people
emerge from childhood with their
productive capacities enriched.
while others remain paralyZed by
unresolved and infantile dilem-
mas.
There is the myth that it is
wrong to spank a child. Well,
for about thirty years, I think.
we were tyrannized by this cliche.
Now, assume that civilized peo-
pie don't say. Dear, let's have
some fun. Let's beat up the kids"
The relevant question, surely, is
this: If you are angry enough,
for whatever reason, to want to
strike a child, what do you do
with that anger? I submit that
If you do not spank the child,
the alternatives you leave him
are pretty horrible. For the child
knows that the parent is angry;
and what can the child think?
"Oh, he's mad; he's real mad.
If I were that mad, I'd hit; I'd
kick; I'd bite; I'd chew; I'd knock
him down; I'd cut him up. But
he doesn't. Oh how much better
he is than I. Will ever be that
good?" Or, Hes mad. He'd really
like to slug me. Why doesn't he
hit me? I know why he doesn't
hit me. Because if he ever let
go, he'd kill me which is what
I suspect he's been wanting to
do all along!" Or, when will
he become human? What do I
Evening star., 1962-04-08
Latin American
Tax IdyII Ending

long as possible because the soar
ing initiation diminiSheS the real
burden of the payment and the
penalties with each passing day.
The South American countries
are still a long way from a tax
system that is equitable by United
States standards. The tax take of
the Federal Government amounts
to l9 per cent of this Nations s
GIMP and the tax take of all
United States Governments-Fed-
eral, State, and locals 81 per
cent of the GNP. None of the
Latin countries are collecting
comparable shares of their ma
tional production.
The bulk of the tax revenues
in these countries derives from
customs duties, sales and excise
taxes, all of which are regarded
as backward in their distribution
of the burden by most tax spe-
cialiSts. The United States Gov
ernment obtains 78 per cent Of
its revenue from individual and
corporate income taxes but the
highest comparable figure in Latin
America is Colombia's So per cent.
Even Ell Salvador, under its new
laws, obtains so per cent of its
revenues from customs receipts
and only ia per cent from in
come taxes.
Tex Assessments
The United States AID agency,
watching these developments
closely, has been pleased to dis
Germ a readiness in most of these
countries to contemplate tax as
SeSSments upon land as a device
for revenue-raising and social re-
form.
Although moving to improve
their tax systems, the Latin coun-
tries have shown a marked re-
luctance to take strong enforce
ment steps. These are badly
needed because the average South
American is Skeptical of the
quality and stability of his gov
ernment and of the uses to which
his tax money will be put and
this skepticism encourages him to
avoid payment whenever possible.
In Ecuador for example less than
10 per cent of the total income
is reported.
But in the last year five coun-
tries-Brazil, Chile, Haiti, Ell Sal
vador, and Paraguay initi-
ated criminal penalties for evasion
and other steps are being taken
in places like Peru and the Ar
gentine to make the tax collector
more honest and responsible. The
United States is offering technical
aid to those who seek it and
three countries-Mexico. Colombia
and the Argentine are contem-
plating the use of Automatic Data
Processing systems similar to that
being installed here by the In
ternal Revenue Service.
The momentum generated in
the first year has raised consider
able hope that these countries
will progress rapidly toward the
type of tax structure which they
urgently need to support modern
and stable governments.
Evening star., 1962-04-08
BY CHARLES BARTLETT
Contributing Writer

. United States citizens who must
shortly step up to the tax COL
lector's window can take some
satisfaction from the fact that
the Latin American countries have
begun to take serious steps to
collect their own taxes.
The initiation of such an ef-
fort by these countries was a
prime requisite of the United
States agreement at Punta del
Este to provide the continent with
some $50 billion in aid and in
vestment in the next 10 years.
One of the basic goals of the
Alliance for Progress, enunciated
in the Charter of Punta del Este,
is: To reform tax laws. demand
ing more from those who have
most, to punish tax evasion
severely, and to rediStribute the
national income in order to bene-
fit those who are most in need
while at the same time promoting
savings and investment and REIN
VeStment OF capital"
The tax system has long been
marked as one of the most primi-
tive and corrupt of the Latin
anachroniSmS and the response of
the past year has been more
lively in this area than in any
other aspect of the Alliance.
EI SoIvodor's Reforms
All the countries have taken
some steps toward tax reform and
some. particularly Ell Salvador,
have achieved considerable prog
resS- through new laws and ad-
ministration.
Two countries. Uruguay and the
Dominican Republic, have adopted
income taxes for the first time
and a third country, Ecuador, is
pressing in that direction al
though the government which
initially proposed a direct tax that
was high for the wealthy and
low for the poor was voted out
of office.
A new tax in Ell Salvador, run
until recently by the rich for the
rich, has a bite which reaches
to 76.5 per cent on incomes of
$4,000 or more. This top bracket
affects only 80 individuals in Ell
Salvador but they produce 81 per
cent, of the revenue derived from
the. tax.
FL Salvador'S new law comes
the. closest of all the Latin coun-
tries to the United States top
bracket which takes 81 per cent
of income over 100000. But the
El Salvador law provides corpo-
rate income tax that takes a
maximum of only Is per cent
compared with the United States
maximum of So per cent.
Maximum in Brozil
In Brazil, now in dire financial
straits, the income tax has been
raised to a maximum of so per
cent and the corporation tax to
a maximum rate of % per cent.
A problem here is that people
delay payments on their taxes as
Evening star., 1962-04-08
On Finding ruh Abandon the Strait jacket Of Conformity

computers, nor aircraft; the most
practical things are ideas. 1t is
always from some curious alb
stract, "daydreaming" egghead
that our marvellous gadgetS come.
The contempt of practical"
men for curious men, or of real
lists" for lust theoreticianS," rests
on nothing more than ignorance.
The one thing that curiosity can
never be, is idle.
Now, the freeman, the curious
man, will always disturb his So
ciety, because he will always con-
front freshly what is conventional.
He will always dare to re-examine
what seems to others to be "obvi-
ouS." The writer and the thinker
are engaged in lifelong struggle
to free themselves from the
prisons of the familiar.
Isn't it an astonishing fact that
it wasn't until the fifteenth CEN
tury that men invented perspective
in painting. and tried to get others
to look into. and not just at,
picture? Isn't it astonishing that
it wasn't until the late nineteenth
century that painters had the
courage to do what every child
had done, land had beaten out of
them by fond teachers and par
ents) put colors into shadows.
Isn't it astonishing that it wasn't
until Cezanne that men dared to
try to reverse the illusion of per-
spective, so that a picture could
seem to come out toward us?
Doesn't it seem to you eXtraordi-
nary that it wasn't until the I'm
presSionistS that men discovered
that cool colors seem to recede
and warm colors seem to move
forward, and that color can be
used to gain the illusion of depth?
Today it is impossible for you
or me to look, to see, as we would
have looked or seen before strange,
curious, original and revolutionary
men taught us how to see diff
ferently from the way we did be-
fore. It's impossible to look at a
building, or bowl of fruit, with
out paying tribute to that new
vision which was given to us by
Monet, or Cezanne, or Picasso, or
Braque.
Historical Precedents
And if this is true in the field
of what seems so simple - the
visible, the real" that which is
right in front of our eyes-how
much more true is it in the arena
of ideas?
For how many thousands of
years did men see the sun rise
in the east and move across the
heavens? They saw the sun move,
just as we see the sun move. And
they assumed that it is the sun
that moves until someone, some
curious, dreaming, idle egghead,
surely long before Copernicus, took
an amazing, imaginative leap and
asked. Wait. What if I were on
the sun? Would it not look as if
it is the earth which is moving /?
And, if this is so. how do we
know which, in fact, is moving?
And how can we test it, how can
we find out, how can we prove
it?"
Throughout the history of the
Evening star., 1962-04-08

This is the text of an ad-
dress, "The Free Mind, made
by Mr.. ROSten at the National
Book Awards in New York re-
Gently. 1t was the best-received
address in the history of the
awards. Mr.. ROsten's latest book,
Captain Newman, MD" is on
the best seller lists now.
By LEO ROSTEN
We live among madmen. We are
surrounded by those who believe
in witchcraft. The most critical
problem which free men face to-
day is to get some of their CO.
citizens to liSten-t to listen to that
which seems to threaten them.
For the right to talk involves the
duty to listen.
We are all raised so that we
confuse a way of thinking with
the, way of thinking. We must all
try desperately hard-to see
things not as we are but as they
ares The function of the thinker,
the. scientist, the writer, the editor
indeed, the function of the free
man and the free minds, stub
bornly and painfully, to try to
find. truth truth as it is, not as
we want it to be, or hope it to
be, 1or prefer it to be. The wife
at the cocktail party who said
Indignantly to her husband, Oar
ling; don't you think you ought
to- stop drinking? Your face is
already beginning to get blurred"
suggests the singular capacity of
human beings to project onto the
outer world that which might
more properly be examined within.
10 be free means to have made
a deep and inconteStable COM
mitment to the self: to love ideas,
to examine them, to- explore them
no. matter where they lead; to
test what is new, even what is
threatening. For wisdom is not
much more than the capacity to
confront dangerous ideas with
equanimity.
Ideos Practical Things
Now, there is a special irony
in what I am saying. Not so long
ago, in these United States, the
target of political disdain and po-
litical contempt was that pathetic,
that unrealiStic, that useless per-
son-the egghead.' Everyone in this
room, I take it, is an egghead.
You may remember that our then
Secretary of Defense, in turning
down a project for basic research,
dismissed it with this historic
comment: Basic research is when
you don't know what it is you're
trying to find out" Now, aside
from the appalling syntax. which
suggests that the Secretary had
not taken the trouble to learn
how to construct a sentence in
his native tongue, no idea can be
more absurd; for If there is any
thing that research, or thought,
or. exploration are incapable of
being, it is useless. In one sense,
no experiment ever fails lit tells
us that some factors do not neces-
safily correlate).
The most practical things in
this world of ours are not
SGnamos. nor mechanisms nor
Evening star., 1962-04-08

think that, not only must we
be happy, but we must never feel.
depressed. Even worse-you must
feel guilty about feeling depressed.
Moods and Symptoms
We are no longer allowed to
have a mood without having it
interpreted as q symptom" We
are no longer permitted to be ill
without raising grave suspicious
that we are, in fact, "sick" Gas
in "sick-sick-sick"O. We can no
longer say that someone needs
help without meeting superior and
knowing smiles: Help" doesn't
mean aid, any more; it means
cure"
The purpose of life is not to
be happy-but to matter, to be
productive, to be useful, to have
it make some difference that you
lived at all.
I end this happy occasion with
a little creed, a creed to which,
in my judgment, all free men must
forever hold fast. We must for
ever oppose hysteria and error,
even when error is wrapped in
patriotism, even when error is em-
braced by those we like. We must
learn that those we like are not
always right. and those we don't
like are not always wrong: for
an idea has nothing to do with
who is for it or who is against
it.
We Must Leorn -
We must learn to seek change
without violence. Always change,
and never violence even in
words. much less in deeds.
We must try to understand each
other by reconciling ourselves to
the fact that most of us never
really mature; we simply grow
taller.
We must meet fanaticism with
courage, and idealism with eau
tion.
We must be skeptical of that
which is promised, but not proved.
We must be strong enough to
be gentle.
We must know that life will
always have unbearable stretches
of loneliness, and that we can
never truly be understood
by those who love us; that we
cannot completely understand
someone else. no matter how much
we want to. We must moderate;
therefore, our demands on others.
We must have the courage to
live without absoluteS, without
dogmas, the courage to seek imag-
inative escapes from the strait
jackets Of conformity, knowing
with Emerson "Whosoever would
be a man, must be a noncon-
formist."
We must learn to meet life in
a series of tentative and i'm
permanent approximations, know
ing that the final goals may never
be reached, that the last truths
may be forever unknowable, but
that life holds nothing more
precious than the process by
which. to the fullest stretches of
which man is capable, we stretch
the mind and the heart.
copyright, 1862, By Leo Rosten)
Evening star., 1962-04-08
BY ARTHUR WEBB
Contributing Writer

LONDON. - Britons, unlike
Americans, are not given long ad-
vance notice Of new taxes. They
are kept in ignorance until the
Chancellor of the Exchequer
makes his budget speech. Most
people regard the chancellor as a
sort Of financial dictator with ar
bitrary powers to raid banking
accounts and pay packets. OF
course it is not so simple as that.
1t Is true to say that the chan
cellor does have more sway over
British finances than any occu-
pant Of the White House ever
had on the form of the American
budget. This is because what the
President proposes Congress op-
poses II it thinks that the Chief
Executive is asking too much for
too ittle-and for wrong objec-
tives.
But in Great Britain Parliament
seldom upsets any Of the tax pro-
posals of the Chancellor Of the
Exchequer. Indeed, within a few
hours Of hearing his analysis of
the country's balance sheet it us
ually passes emergency regula-
tions legalizing the new taxes.
This enables the revenue COL
lectors to start assessing taxpay-
ers at new rates of income tax
and the customs and excise Of
ficers to charge new duties the
next morning.
1t Is all carried out automati-
cally. II there are any arguments
they take place after the event.
Usually the budget passes through
all stages without any vital
changes to receive the formal sig
nature Of the Queen three months
later. Rejection of the budget
would cause the resignation of
the cabinet and a general elec-
ton.
Unlocking the Box
Nothing so dramatic is to be
expected tomorrow when Mr.. Sell
wyn Lloyd unlocks his carefully
guarded budget box. An atmoS-
phere of secrecy and surprise has
always made budget day news
worthy. This year it may provide
some real shocks.
Following the tactics Of heavy
weight boxers Mr.. Lloyd has been
careful not to signal his blows.
But the political commentators
and economists have been prepar-
ing the country for a radical in
novation in British taxation. They
have predicted that in order to
get some extra revenue to meet
the pay claims Of government
servants, the heavy losses on the
railways and the increased cost of
the health service he must get a
new source of revenue. They con-
clude that the most likely one is
the capital gains tax.
This tax has long been paid by
Americans but the British have
never been asked to disgorge any
money made on the stock ex-
change or in real estate deals.
During the last 10 years hum
dreds Of millions have changed
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1962-08-17
Africa At A Glance

PLANS RESORT
Accra, (ANP)-A group Bulgarian
gneers working plans couns
BTA, reported
GETS NEW POST
Dar-Es-salaam Tanganyika (ANP)-John Mwaangale
the southern highlands after attacking the
subversve has been appointed secretary of the
National Housing corporation a npoHhcal job
CULTURAL EXCHANGE
Chicago (ANP)-Ogbuagu Ekumanxama cooperative
societies in the Ngeran ministry of labor received rsthand inform
operations officials Union
Credit in their downtown Chicago office
guest of the Illinois Credit Union League In July following orient
alton at Madison Wisconsin
PLANS EXPANSION
the Sudan (AP)-The University Of Kharoum will
buildings engineering
agriculture veterinary medicine to meet the expected in
according Sudan News official
buildings will be ready at the beginning Of the
university will also construct large building with
laboratories for the science faculty 1t will absorb about 4So
students
o. BONDS
United Nations (ANP)-Aaritana pledged buy 1852
pledges of 1oOOOOOOO dollars pledged by the United
States u, 1os 257 dollars
DANTE VERSION
Italy ANP)Egyptan Professor Hassan osman has
Comedy already Arabic translation
Of the Inferno" first of the comedys three parts
CUT-RATE UNDERTAKING
Johannesburg (ANP)-Afcan mdertakers this
country repeatedly complaining about
competition whites to conduct funerals for non The
takers cutting rates and whites are hiring outs In the big
pitfalls to get the bodies"
FLOOD AID
Brussels (ANP-The European
Somaand Dab
recently somalland will
get while Dahomey will get co. 900 dollars
MODERN HIVES
(ANPAlha Kaita minister education
assistance of the ministry Of agriculture has set modern
bee agculturist
menng Bookkeeping and the mnss aim of
putting efficient and mOdeed footing Kaia said
that the ministry Of agriculture encouraging bee
keeping nd glad that could help with it.
Bantyre Nyasaand (NP)-A African political party to
oppose alleged dictatorship Hastings Bandas ruling
Congress launched here 1t is
National which claims the
of per the territory's chiefs
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1962-08-17
PLANNING FOR TOMORROW

what
viii Tomorrow not promised
If anything say better plan
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1962-08-17
!, 900 STAGE
PROTEST AGAINST
NKRUMAH BOMBING

Acca, Ghana CAMP - More
than 5000 persons staged a mas
sive protest here against the at
tempted assassination Of President
Kwame Nkrumah as police pressed
their search for terrorists who
hurled a bomb near his car.
The explosion did not hurt
Nkrumah but a schoolboy and
three other persons, including two
policemen, were killed by the
blast. Fifty-six persons were in
jured, among them cabinet minis
tiers and senior government offic-
ials.
The demonstrators against the
bombings here carried placards de-
handing the death penalty for
the plotters." Previous plots have
been reported against the Presi-
dents life but this was believed
the first actual attempt to take
his life.
While police questioned IS per-
sons seized after the bombing,
Nkrumah rested in the northern
regional capitol Of Tamale. Eearli-
er, he underwent a precautionary
medical examination.
Messages Of sympathy were re-
ceived here, including cablegrams
from Queen Elizabeth and Prime
Minister Harold Macmillan OF
Britain.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1962-08-17
File No. 97569
ORDER FOR HEARING FINAL
ACCOUNT AND PETITION FOR
nTaTRTHUITTnN

STATE OF MINNESOTA
COUNTY OF HENNEPIN
PROBATE COURT
Re Estate of Margaret ophoven,
Decedent.
1T IS ORDERED that the final
account and petition for examina-
ton thereof and for distribution,
filed herein, be heard on Tuesday,
September 4th, 1862 at . o'clock
Pm. by this Court in the Court
House in Minneapolis, Minnesota,
and that all persons interested in
this estate present objections, II
any, why said petition should not
be granted.
This Order shall be published in
the Minneapolis Spokesman and
copies thereof mailed according to
law.
(SEAL)
WITNESS, the HON. MELVIN J.
PETERSON, Judge of Probate
Court, this LIST day of August,
1862.
ROSE FOSSEEN,
Clerk of Probate Court
Lindquist, Fraser & Magnuson
Attorneys
1910 Midland Bank Bldg.
(Spokesman, Aug. 10, II & 2D
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1962-08-17

everything in middle Of floor {.
wanted nothing but good nights
sleep foiled daughter cried
all night, wanted to sleep with
wife and I back to routine
tired should take another
vacation to rest up from first
vacation
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1962-08-17
Bible Loses Argument To
Bullets From Rifle

Bible Loses Argument TO
Bullets From Rifle
Landrrlm, S. c. CAMP - A
Landrum couple, Mr.. and Mrs.
George Arledge, were discussing
the biblical theory of the husband
wife relationship.
She argued the Bible says a
husband should respect his wife.
He said the Bible tells wives to
respect their husbands.
Suddenly the quarrel intensified,
police said, and he reached for the
family Bible as she grabbed a %
rifle.
Two shots were fired and Ar
ledge was hospitalized with a bull
let wound near the heart and one
In the cheek.
Mrs. Arledge was placed under
arrest.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1962-08-17

neither Of us could stop him, even
when his neighbor threatened to
leave him In the house, alone.
I win call him Joe D. He said
I know you and all Of MONS
friends look on me as that lazy
good for nothing son Of a rich,
doting mother! He said there isn't
but a part Of that true. I guess,
in her way, she does love me, but
I wish she would show me that she
does. All she ever does Is nag from
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1962-08-17
THIS NJ THAT
By Hazel Underwood
DON'T WAIT FOR TOMORROW

DON'T WAIT FOE TOMORROW
He going to be all that a mortal could be Tomorrow
No one should be kinder Drawer than Tomorrow.
A friend who was troubled and weary he knew
Who'd be glad Of a hft-and who needed it. too;
On him he would call and what he Tomorrow
Each morning he stacked up the letters
Tomorrow
And thought Of the folk he would delight Tomorrow
It was too bad, indeed, he busy today
And hadn't minute to stop his way;
More time I win have to give Others" he'd say
Tomorrow"
The greatest Of workers this man would have been
Tomorrow
The world would him had never seen
Tomorrow
But the fact Is died faded from vew
And all that he left here when living through,
Was q mountain of things he intended to do
Author Unlxonwn.