davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-01-14
Rights for Indians

With all the excitement
and clamor being whipped up
over civil rights, I have yet
to hear a voice being raised
in defense of our most neg
lected ethnic group - the
American Indian.
Our ancestors came here
over 300 years ago and pro-
ceeded to push the Indians
westward in the wake of
bloody battles, broke
treaties and treachery, sur
passed only by the Nazis and
Communists of this century.
The Indians of today are still
on reservations while their
conquerors live wherever they
please.
I am in favor of equality
for all Americans including
the American Indian.
AS long as we are so gen.
erous in our foreign aid CPo-
land and Yugoslavia) why
not appropriate some funds
for the welfare of our fellow
Americans? After all, charity
begins in the home.
Perhaps the American In
dian needs an interest group
such as a National Associa-
ton for Advancement OF
American Indians to present
their case to Congress.
James s. Will.
Evening star., 1962-01-14
That Flexible CeiIino

That statutory ceiling by which
economy-minded legislators have hoped
for years to inhibit Government spend
ing and limit the national Indebtedness
seems to have about as much rubber"
in it as bad check 1t is about to be
stretched again-lifted, that is, from it's
present temporary" level of $298 billion
by administration request.
1t is virtually certain that any
voice of protest will be raised more in
sorrow than in anger. For there is
little alternative, if there is to be a
ceiling, to raising it high enough to
permit the Government to meet its
financial obligations. It's failure to do
so would be worse than the frequent
and almost farcical exercise of setting
ever-higher limits" on the amount of
permissible debt. Stringent economy
apparently is not an answer acceptable
to administrations that have managed
to chalk up deficits in Is out Of the last
81 years, and to the congressional
majorities that have aided and abetted
the practice of paying bills with bor-
roWed money.
At this point, the problem is real
enough. The debt is only slightly below
the $298- billion ceiling-which seemed
high enough when Congress raised it
from $293 billion last summer-and
seasonal fluctuations in revenue collec-
tions indicate that additional borrowing
will be essential between now and the
end of fiscal 1868. If there is any ques-
ton left as to what Congress should do,
since it will not compel the Government
to live within its income, perhaps it is
whether the self-deception of debt
control by fixing an illusory ceiling
should not be abandoned.
Evening star., 1962-01-14
Mr.. Almond Bows Out

At the end of his term as Virginia'S
Governor, j. Lindsay Almond, jr was
presented with a handsome automobile
by his friends. This was nice gesture
which doubtless was appreciated by the
outgoing Governor. 1t is our guess, how
ever, that Mr.. Almond will cherish more
highly the knowledge that, when the
chips went down in Virginia's fight
against school deSegregation, he did
what was both right and what had to
be done.
There is room for debate over the
wisdom of Mr. Almonds tactics in this
matter. He continued to preach the seq
regation doctrine long after he knew
that segregation in the public schools
was doomed. He did this because he
believed that the people of Virginia we're
not ready for desegregation-tha be-
fore accepting integration, they would
have to be persuaded that massive re-
sistance" was folly and futility, that
their choice lay between some integra-
ton and no public schools.
When in his judgment the appro-.
pirate time had arrived he came down
Squarely against massive resistance and
on the side of freedom of choice" This
cost him heavily in terms of personal
relationship with old friends and allies
in the Byrd organization Even so, we
suppose, he might have moved and per-
hapS should have moved sooner. But the
fact remains that he was the instrument
primarily responsible for saving public
education in his State from the prospect
Of disaster raised by the massive re-
sisters. And as he left the Governors
mansion, this knowledge must have been
real source of pride and satisfaction.
Evening star., 1962-01-14
Capital Punishment

The most deplorable part
Of the law of 16 of our States
is the fact that a man can
receive the death penalty for
major offenSes without leni-
ency in regards to age. We
are becoming barbarians
when a minor cannot be
treated with any more le-
nienCy than a man twice his
age.
1t is unthinkable that a boy
IA could be tried and SEN
fenced to the death penalty,
but it has happened in the
past, in which cases little re-
gard was given to age. Execu-
ton of minors is little more
than murder, but, as in the
past, it will continue to hap
pen. l fail to see what good
could possibly come from the
execution of a man of any
age, let alone a minor. True
an offender must be punished,
but not by taking away that
which no man has the right
to take away, life. In the years
to come we can only hope
Evening star., 1962-01-14
Ultimate Automobile?

The word from Detroit Is that
the turbine-powered car may be just
around the corner And If advance
reports of versatility, simplicity and
economy of operation are reliable,
most motorists will welcome the revo-
lutionary automotive development.
In the wake of tests of turbine
driven cars by Ford and General
Motors comes the news that ChrySler
plans to get public reaction to the
innovation by putting from so to rs
of the windmill" automobiles in the
hands of customers in 1868. Officials
of the company indicated that volume
production may depend on how the
customers and the public generally
receive the new power system.
Among the obvious advantages,
Of course, is the elimination of about
four-fifths of the parts making up
the conventional reciprocating engine.
There would be no radiator and hence
no danger of freeze-ups. Oil changes
would become unnecessary, it was
stated. And, best of all, almost any
thing that burns could be used as
fuel-from regular gasoline to kero-
sene and alcohol. Even French per-
fume could be used," an exuberant
spokesman declared-perhapS with a
thought to the fume problem from
some fuels. The burning, expanding
gas would whirl the blades of a tur-
bine, which, in turn, would be geared
to drive the wheels of the car.
There are disadvantages to tur-
bines, too. For example the blades,
revolving at speeds of up to $4,000
revolutions per minute, could create
a noise which might be difficult to
muffle. And the fume-control prob
lem also may be hard to solve. The
pros and cons of the system un-
doubtedly will be we'll threshed out
when the new cars are given road
tests in regular traffic. Anyway, that
prospect of using most anything for
fuel is a powerful incentive for giving
the turbine-powered cars a chance to
show what they can do.
Evening star., 1962-01-14

a single minded earneStneSS
that forms an admirable eX-
ample, and makes assurance
of the ultimate restoration of
the Union doubly sure. Mr..
Stanton's nomination under
the circumstances is but an
other evidence that the Pres
ident realizes the obligation
resting upon him to conduct
the war in non arti S n
spirit; to bring to his aid all
his country'S resources that,
being made available, may be
likely to strengthen his hand
for his country's good. Mr..
Stanton is no politician -
never having taken part,
great or small, in any poll
tical affair whatever. The
country owes to Edwin M.
Stanton more than to any
other living man the fact
that the revolution did not
become a fait accompli ere
President Lincoln was sworn
into office; and we predict
that in calling him to his
aid at this time, President
Lincoln will redouble the
power of the loyal masses
who originally voted against
him, to aid the patriotic and
sagacious measures with
which he is now laboring to
put down the rebellion. :"
Stanton went right to work
He asked Congress to hold up
military nominations until he
could study the list. He talked
business with the Committee
on the Conduct of the War.
He made hard and fast rules
on how his office would op-
crate. Cameron had people
dropping in at his home at
all hours to advise him on
how to run the war. Stanton
said there would be no more
of that. Instead of giving
members Of Congress six days
a week at his office, as Cam
eron had done, he would see
them only on Saturdays. The
: rest of the week the new Sec
retary intended to devote
strictly to fighting the war.
A real shocker was Stanton's
announcement that all Off
Evening star., 1962-01-14
Man of Influence

To put it mildly, the opponents of
a Glover-Archbold parkway have picked
up an influential friend in Senator
Mansfield of Montana. For as Senate
Majority Leader, Mr.. Mansfield pos
SeSSeS powers of persuasion which make
somewhat superfluous the bill he has
introduced to ban any highway from
the narrow, string -bean-like confines
of Glover-Archbold. A frown from him
would be quite sufficient to throttle
amy appropriation of funds for such a
parkWay-if indeed the Senator feels
strongly enough on the matter to frown.
And apparently he does. Mr.. Mans
field cuts through the intricate legal,
eSthetic and engineering entanglementS
of the Glover -Archbold controversy with
just nine words: II do not want a
highway in that park" AS a resident
of an area near the park, the Senator
of course is not entirely diSintereSted
spectator. Unlike some highway battles,
however, the opponents Of this park
way are not limited to those who live
near it. Many believe the undeveloped
and overgroWn stretch of ribbon-like
park is fulfilling its highest purpose in
its primeval state.
We are not one of them. No doubt
the gorge of Glover -Archbold affords
a pleasant view to those who live along
its borders. But certainly its use is
limited Nor is Washington poor in
wilderness areas which are much more
worthy of preserving. On the other
hand, carefully designed parkway
would by no means consume the en-
tire park, but would afford thousands
Of motorists every day the pleasure of
driving amid lovely surroundings "a
Evening star., 1962-01-14

with the aid Of a cane,
dragged himself to the door.
How HI. appearance had
changed since the day he
strode confidently down the
center aisle of the Senate,
bringing the huge text of the
Treaty of Versailles. For this
last appearance he wore a
high hat, and summoned all
his ebbing strength for a
dignified impression. One who
was there relates that after
apologizing for his initial
emotion, he fired up and
spoke like an implacable Old
Testament prophet. Here
exactly are his closing words,
Il cannot refrain from saying
just one word more. l am not
one of those who have the
least anxiety about the tri-
umph of the principles l have
stood for. That we shall pre-
vail is as utterly sure as that
God reignS." Woodrow Will
sons valedictory to his coun-
trymen was virtually This,
too, shall pass"
Always upon the desk of
the late Arthur H. Vanden-
berg was that quartette of
monoSyllables. For him that
desk motto was a constant
reminder that the days
shouting headlines are likely
to make a noise all out Of
proportion to their impor-
tanCe. When close associates
asked about those words on
his desk which were, This,
too, shall pas" the Senator
explained that they reminded
him that it is well to remem-
ber that both criticism and
praise are transient phenom-
ena of public office, and
that by keeping those four
words in mind the twin dan
gers Of deep depression be-
cause of hostility, and of eX-
ceSsive eXultation because of
praise may be avoided.
When the end of this public
servants pilgrimage was
nearing, it was mine to sit
by his side as he trod the
Via DoloroSa Of his dear
companions translation, and
at his request to conduct her
funeral service. In those dark
hours we talked together of
that Holy One who. in the
ShadoWed garden with the red
cup in his hand cried,
Father, if it be possible, let
this cup pass from me-" But
soon he was hanging dead on
two crossed beams of wood.
Yet that, too, passed into the
most radiant glory of the
ages-the Reign of the Risen.
over whom death has no
dominion. And SO ...
When some great SorroU, like
q mighty riUer,
Flo1US through your life 1Uith
peace destroying poWerS
And dearest things are SWept
from sight forever
Say to your'heart each trying
hour: This too shall
pass.
For no night is eternal, and
however dark the hour, morn
ing is on the way.
Evening star., 1962-01-14
Imperfect Is Riqht

The President, in the course of his
report on the state of the Union, said
that the United Nations is "our instru-
ment and our hope" in keeping the
peace. And then he added: II see little
merit in the impatienCe of those who
would abandon this imperfect world
instrument because they dislike our
imperfect world"
This strikes us as an imperfect
analysis of the reasons why many people
are losing confidence in the United
Nations
1t is true, we suppose, that most
0f us dislike" this imperfect world.
Only the village idiot could think it is
:he best of all possible worlds. But this
has very little to do with the public'S
iisenchantment with the U. N. If the
President really believes that the dis
affection can be attributed merely to
1islike of an imperfect world he is
deluding himSelf-and helping to dig
the U. MS grave.
The reasons, we think, go deeper
The United Nations will not retain
respect and support in this country if
1t is to be influenced by considerations
OF eXpediency as opposed to principle.
The distinction between that which is
right and that which is wrong must
be made. The clamorous and often
irrational demands of the so-called
"neWly-emerged" countries cannot be
satisfied at the expense of Justice to
other countries. The U. NJ must not
become sounding board and vehicle
for Communist propaganda-aided and
aoetted by delegates from the mon
aligned" countries who ought to know
better, but who apparently do not.
Above all else, as we see it, the
United States must not let itself be
caught up and swept along in the
treacherous currents that are running
through the U. N. 1t was wrong for us
to support the resolution on Angola-a
resolution which we knew to be in
equitable but which we voted for in the
hope of harvesting some good will in.
the Afro-ASian bloc. We were wrong
in voting for the unjust resolution of
November "a on Katanga because we did
not want the CongoleSe representative
in the U. N. to ''go home empty-handed >"
Our guess would be that not too
many Americans, as of this time, want
to abandon" the U. N. But the number
will increase, and increase rapidly
unless there is change for the better
in the U. N. itself. Mr. Kennedy, instead
of blaming it all on dislike of an i'm
perfect world, should be insisting upon
and leading the demand for such a
change-especially as far as the role of
the United States in the U. N. is
concerned.
Evening star., 1962-01-14
u. N. Bonds

Before the American people
are asked to subscribe mil
lions of dollars to a United
Nations bond issue to keep the
organization going, it would
seem only fair that the tax
payer should be told a few
details about the U. N. budget.
In theory, the secretariat
staff is supposed to be re-
cruited from every member
nation in fair proportion. OF
course, qualifications neces-
Sary for the job must be taken
into account. Members of
the staff become international
civil servants. They receive
salaries, benefits, and privi-
legeS far beyond those re-
ceived by the highest ranking
professional or government
servants in the member coun-
tries outside the Unite d
States: Home leave for staff
members and family every
couple Of years to any spot
on the globe; liberal pensions,
allowances for education of
children; and many, many
other benefits that would be
unknown to civil servants in
any country.
Then, too, it would be in
tereSting to know the cost of
furnishing and maintaining
the offices of the secretariat.
AS a one-time member of
one of the U. N. specialized
agencies, familiar with the
philosophy that nothing is too
good for this group of elite
servants, the bothering ques-
ton is this: Who pays the
bills for this unaccustomed,
lavish standard of living? I
am forced to answer my ques-
tlon by saying most of it is
paid by the same old Ameri-
can taxpayer who does not
sink ankle deep in wall-to-
wall carpeting in his own Of
flee as he struggles to make
the dollars to provide the
pensions, the home leave the
education for the children OF
the U. N.
If an itemized budget for
housekeeping expenses" Gin
cluding all the above-men-
toned benefits) at the U. N.
were published, and then a
plebiScite we're to be taken,
what chance would the bond
issue have?
]. Macquarie Antill.
X x \ Il
President Kennedy is re-
questing approval of a 500
million bond issue for the
United Nations.
Is this for continued war
in the Congo, convalescence
for the United Nations or fu-
neral expenses?
Francis C. Peters.
Evening star., 1962-01-14
School Aid Debate
James S. Will.

Under the caption, school
Aid Solution?" the letter from
Walter H. McClenon proposes
that certain classes in what
are termed "nonreligious
courses leg, mathematics,
science, Languages" in paro-
chial schools be taught by
teachers provided by public
school authorities and that
the classes "be regarded as
an integral part of the pub
lie school system, at the ex-
pense and under the control
of the public school author
tiles, with the same textbooks
as in the public schools. Any
provision for free textbooks
or transportation of pupils
applicable to public schools
should probably be available
here also"
Does Mr.. McClenon think
those of us who are tax
payers (but not Rom a n
Catholics, who do not use
the public schools but who,
as loyal American citizens,
are willing to pay taxes to
maintain our free public
schools, open to all children,
are going to accept such a
Subterfuge as he proposes?
That would result in the
joining, not the separation,
of church and state.
I am opposed to the giving
or using of any of my tax
money to pay for any part
of the operation Of any pa
rochial or private school or
college, whether operated by
my church or any other
church or private group.
If the taxing authorities
give any public money to de-
nominational schools or COL
leges to pay for buildings,
etc, where so-called nom
religious courses are taught,
that frees that amount Of
money of the particular re-
ligious group, which they may
use to provide additional pa
rochial schools or colleges
where religion is taught.
Why are Roman Catholics
the only ones unwilling to
pay for sending their chill
dren to their church schools?
I know their church author
tiles forbid them to send
their children to the public
schools with a few eXcep-
tionS if the bishop approves, !,
but no law of this free coun-
try requires them to accept
such clerical domination or
control. If they accept it, let
them pay the cost of their
submission and not ask me
and other taxpayers to help
them foot the bill.
Ernestine Matthews.
Evening star., 1962-01-14
Virginia Delegates

Under the recommended
tions of the Virginia Com
mission on Redistricting,
which may well be the max
imum obtainable from the
Legislature, the Fairfax-Falls
Church district, with a pop
ulation of 285,194, gets 4
members of the House of
Delegates, or one Delegate
per 1929 people. Arlington
County has three Delegates
for a population of 163,401,
or 54,467 people per Dele
gate. If Falls Church City
merges with Arlington Coun-
ty the Legislature probably
would move it out of the
Fairfax district and into the
Arlington district. This would
leave the Fairfax district
with a population of 275,-
002 or 68,751 per Delegate
and would give the enlarged
Arlington district a popula-
tion of 1883, or 57.864 per
Delegate. The city of Ports
mouth with a population Of
114,773 gets 2 Delegates, max
ing a population per Dele
gate of 57,387, so it will be
seen that combining Falls
Church with Arlington would
not put its district too far
out Of line and would allevi-
ate the surplus in the Fair
fax district. This surplus
would be alleviated still fur
ther if the new Arlington
City, resulting FROM a mer-
ger Of Arlington County and
Falls Church City, were to
annex that part of Fairfax
County lying northeast of
Route 7 (the LeeSburg pike T..
This would also enable a
fairer apportionment of the
congressional districts, which
is now hampered by unwill-
ingnesS to split Fairfax Coun-
ty.
Charles w. Cobb, jr.
Evening star., 1962-01-14

pleasure which for some strange reason
has come to be frowned upon as of
no Importance whatsoever). AS the
years roll on, Furthermore, the desir-
ability of such parkway will increase
with the growth of traffic. For that
reason, we hope that Senator Mans
field will not press legislation which
would attempt now to forecloSe forever
any possibility of a Glover-Archbold
Parkway.
Evening star., 1962-01-14
100 Years AGO

President Lincoln made an
important change in his cab
met a century ago one
that had direct bearing on
the outcome of the Civil War.
He named Edwin M. Stanton
to succeed Simon Cameron as
Secretary of War. Lincoln had
been dissatisfied with Cam
eron's conduct for some time,
and when he eaSed him out to
become Ambassador to Rus
Sia, it was made to appear
that the new assignment was
Cameron's own choice. The
Star of January IA, 1862,
said: ". Cameron is un-
derstood to have been anX-
iouS to escape the oner-
Gus and constitution-wearing
duties of the War Depart
ment, and has taken the op-
portunity occurring through
(Cassius M Clay'S request
to be recalled from st. Pc
tersburg to exchange his
present position for one in
which he may find the relax
alton necessary for his
health. :" The appoint
ment of Stanton was popular.
A Democrat, he had served
as Attorney General under
Buchanan and had prodded
the President in to action
when the ship of state was
riding rudderless into the
shoals of disunion and armed
rebellion. Stanton had firm
views on the conduct of the
war. He was annoyed be-
cause the Union Army was
doing so little and was in
favor of a tough, agrees
sive policy. The Star said OF
Stanton's appointment: THE
selection of Stanton does &.
credit to the Presidents saga
city and enlarged patriotism.
1t was, for the most part
through Stanton's energy,
emphasis and clear mind
that the temporizing policy
of President Buchanan, in
the latter part Of his admin
istration, was changed to one
of vigor against the rebellion.
Since the accession of PreSi-
dent Lincoln, the latter has
had no warmer or more eff
cient supporter of his patri-
otic efforts to repreSS the
rebellion than Mr.. Stanton,
who may be taken as a fair
representative of the great
loyal mass of the people who
though not voting for Mr..
Lincoln in the late presiden-
tial election, have supported
him and his war policy with