davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-03-28
Awaiting the Redistrictinq Suits

fleets rural control of State
election laws fully as much
as it does the custom of that
area.
The greatest prize, they
think, will be the suburbs,
which are in fact more great
ly under-represented than
the actual city limits with
their powerful minorities. It
has been responsibly esti-
mated that in any really
equitable reapportionment,
the suburbs would get the
lions share of the net har-
vest.
In this connection, it is be-
ing recalled that President
Kennedy made great inroads
into suburban strength
thought to be firmly Repub-
lican. He is President un-
questionably because of his
appeal in the big cities which
tend to be firmly Democratic,
but the mostly younger voters
in suburbia, more independ-
ent Of party than their elders,
also proved responsive to his
bid.
Many Republicans under
stand this and have tried to
combat it while the President
has deliberately sought to
bulwark his role as champion
Of the interests of such vot-
ers. How this tug of war is
going may be apparent in the
elections next fall.
Democrats plan to step up
their drive for organization
in such areas now. Republi-
cans have a blueprint on
which they have been slow
ito act; it may be the Court
has done them a favor by
its present nudging of State
legislatures which have neg
lected urban problems.
Evening star., 1962-03-28
Supreme Court Decision Viewed
As Rewriting of the Constitution

majority of a court which
seems fatally determined to
change the whole social and
political fabric of this coun-
try-on its own writ and
mandate.
1t may we'll be that such
changes should be made. But
they cannot rightfully be
made merely and solely by a
handful of men-six men in
this caSe-whose thirst for
reform has caused them to
falter in a high mission. This
is the high mission of a cool,
detached, imperSonal justice
which is the only true dis
tinction of the loftiest court
in all the world.
Losing this, the Court in
the end will lose, itself. And
this is the greatest tragedy
of all.
Well" it will be said, "if
the rural people have in fact
gained undue power and the
legislatures themselves won't
do anything about it. why
shouldn't the Supreme Court
step in?"
The ultimate answer is that
the Court should not "step
in" simply because it has no
right under the Constitution
to do so, a fact which until
now it has repeatedly recog-
nized over the long course of
nearly two centuries.
And the practical answer
is that the people themselves
must work out their own
difficulties here, however
long and hard the task, if we
are to maintain the Con-
stitution of the United States.
A bleak prospect? Yes. But
listen to Justice Frankfurter,
a great judge who a gener-
alton ago was the very
symbol of "radicalism" to
certain excited conservatives
but who has now proved him
Evening star., 1962-03-28
Apportionnent RuIinq AssuiIed

self a towering guardian Of
that best of all conservatism,
which is constitutionalism:
There is not under our
Constitution a judicial rem
edy for every political mis-
chief. In a democratic society
like ours relief must come
through an aroused public
conscience that sears the
conscience Of the peoples
representatives"
Not a thousand rotten
boroughs in the legislatures
can justify what is now hap
pening. For the Supreme Court
is being made the agent OF
a determined political drive
by urban interests to reverse
the balance of political power
and so make urban voter
hereafter OVerInaSCer rural
voter.
There Is nothing evil in
this drive; there is no
criticism in this column of
the motives or actions of
those who thrust this case
before the court. The busi-
ness of advocates is to advo-
cate. But the business of the
Supreme Court is to Judge
and decide, not what is
good" for country and peo-
pie but what the Constitution
and laws are-not what they
should be.
Evening star., 1962-03-28
Redistricting
Study Proposed

Senator Keating, Republican
of New York, wants the Senate
Judiciary Committee to deter
mine whether Federal laws are
needed to correct injustices in
laying out congressional and
State election districts.
He praised Mondays Su-
preme Court decision giving
Federal courts jurisdiction over
apportionment disputes and
said it emphasizes the need for
the study he suggested.
Senator Keating cautioned
against snap judgments as to
who will gain most from equi-
table apportionment and ex-
pressed his own opinion that
the suburbs would benefit more
than cities.
Evening star., 1962-03-28
WILLIAM S. WHITE

Men who have long tried
to hold the Supreme Court
in special veneration cannot
now deny that it is rewrit-
ing the Constitution and
meddling in politics to suit
the wishes of some-but only
some---of nine unelected men.
This is the central, the
true and tragic, meaning of
the new divided court deci-
sion claiming for the Federal
judiciary the unexampled
power to make its own de-
termination as to whether
seats in State legislatures
are nationally" apportioned
as between urban and rural
areas.
This extraordinary ruling
to their enduring credit was
ably and memorably opposed
by the two best legal minds
on the bench. Justices Felix
Frankfurter and John Mar
shall Harlan. On it's face it
is a good" thing. For it is
undeniable that rural voters
in many States have been
given disproportionate voices
in their legislatures by redis-
tricting formulas which pc
nalize city voters.
Thus, no doubt there will
be dancing in the streets of
the metropolitan centerS-in-
deed. in the metropolitan
centers in which this column
now appears. But those who
are celebrating this presumed
fall of rural dominance"
would do well to take a sec
ond thought and a second
look below the surface.
For something else Is
falling, too-the Constitution
of the United States as we
have known it. 1t is being
altered not by Congress and
people-the only constitu-
tional way for its alteration
but rather by a momentary
Evening star., 1962-03-28
DAVID LAWRENCE

Nikita Khrushchev reads
everything that President
Kennedy says, and vice
versa. 1t may be taken for
granted, therefore, that the
Soviet Premier will analyze
carefully a brief statement
which the President gave to
Stewart Alsop, who made it
the theme of a long article
he wrote for the current is
sue of The Saturday Evening
Post. The article itself is
entitled "Kennedy's Grand
Strategy" and the President
is quoted as having said:
II don't think most Ameri-
cans realize the way the
situation has changed. I
don't think many people
really understand the change.
AS late as 1854 the balance
in air power, in the nuclear
weapons, was all on our side.
The change began about 1858
or 1859, with the missiles.
Now we have got to realize
that both sides have these
annihilating weapons, and
that changes the problem.
OF course, in some circum-
stances we must be prepared
to use the nuclear weapon
at the start, come what may
"a clear attack on Western
Europe, for example. But
what is important is that if
you use these weapons you
have to control their use.
What you need is control,
flexibility, a choice"
There follows an explana-
ton of alternative courses
that might be pursued by
the President. While presum-
ably based on Mr.. Kennedy's
ideas, it is presented as
Mr.. Alsop's own analysis. He
gives, for instance, this out
line of Mr.. Kennedy's grand
strategy:
"The aim now is to con-
vince Khrushchev on one
point, and leave him un-
certain on another. This
country must maintain a
sufficient margin of supe-
riority in nuclear striking
power so that Khrushchev
Evening star., 1962-03-28
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

Russia threatens to test bombs if test bombs
because they tested bombs Old Marxs maxim wrongs
not make right but three will - if you get in first
and last.
Bobby Kennedy praises the Supreme Court decision on
State legislatures He's really jealous 1t took the judges
only day to enact hsoy biggest urban
The Army reports progress in developing nerve gas
the news from abroad gets any they sell out the
first batch overnight the civilian market.
The only mystery about Dick Nixon's book the six
crises in his life what the other were-besides
four that befell him on television.
Actually the best to make hay with OUR foreign aid
program to give the to the Russians distribute
and let them make the enemies
Evening star., 1962-03-28
Legal Actions in Many States Expected
In Wake of Supreme Court RuIinq

suits is in prospect in nearly
every State and the Federal
judges will soon start delin-
eating the new shape that
political life will take in the
urbanized America of the
space age.
1t is the foremost political
story Of the era and it is sure
to be a cliffhanger, for there
is passion as well as politics
involved. The opinions filed
by the justices afford ample
evidence that they are some
what emotional about it
themselves.
Justice Stewart, for exam
pie, in a concurring opinion,
chided Brother Harlan" who
dissented and Brothers
Douglas and Clark" who
also concurred. They had
Strayed so far from the sub
ject. he said, as to convey "a
distressing!y inaccurate i'm
preston of what the court
decided. His own idea is
that the court decided only
that it had Jurisdiction, that
the case before it was sub
ject to judicial consideration,
and that the complainants
had standing.
The political consensus
spills over into much broader
channels.
Above all, it expects change
change in voting patterns
and in the climate of political
opinion. They know that the
political tides flow much more
tumultuously in the newly
liberated city and suburban
areas. Southern seniority in
Congress, for example, re-
Evening star., 1962-03-28
Alsop Article on Kennedy Course
In Event of War Is Reviewed

will be certain that, if he
strikes first, he will receive
a devastating counterblow.
But Khrushchev must not be
certain that, where its vital
interests are threatened, the
United States will never
strike first. AS Kennedy says,
In some circumstances we
might have to take the ini-
tiative.' In these ways Khru-
shchev is to continue to be
convinced that 'global ther-
monuclear war is something
to avoid"
Reporters who asked at the
White House on Tuesday for
amplification of this were
told that it was merely a re-
statement of the policy of
the previous administrations
namely, that if convention
al forces became engaged in
war, the United States would
not hesitate to be the first
to use nuclear weapons SO as
to prevent Soviet forces from
overrunning Europe.
President Kennedy is,
therefore, represented as be-
lieving that conventional
forces must be increased,
that nuclear striking power
must be maintained at a
high level, and that there
must be flexibility in Amer
ican policy if a real crisis
builds up. This also is not
too different from the policy
of the Eisenhower admins
tration. In fact, the White
House statement says the
real change in American pol
icy is 'in the strengthening
OF orr defensive alternatives
to nuclear warfare"
Thus, there is a bigger en-
phaSiS now on conventional
forces, such as larger ground
armies, and also on the train
ing of guerrilla forces for
American expeditions such
as now are operating in
South Wet Nam. But, in the
main, the United States to-
day is depending on its nu-
clear strength as a deterrent
power. Indeed, the American
people have been assured by
high officials only this week
Evening star., 1962-03-28
Johnston Will Seek
Fourth Senate Term

COLUMBIA, S. c., Mar. %
(AP).- Senator Johnston. Dem
ocrat Of South Carolina, a
veteran of 18 years in the
Senate, announced yesterday he
will be a candidate for a fourth
term. 80
He will be opposed in the
June Democratic primary by
40-year-old Gov. Ernest r.
(Fritz Hollings. Gov. Hollings
already has launched his CAM
paign and indications are it
will be free-swinging affair.
Evening star., 1962-03-28
DORIS FLEESON

The struggle of urban vot-
ers against political domi-
lance by rural areas has been
joined by the Supreme
Courts decision in the Ten
nessee representation case.
The voter in city and sub
urb has been told by the JUS
tices that he can go to Fed
eral court for relief from his
political inequity. No assur-
ances about what will happen
next are included.
But the answers will soon
start coming. A wealth Of
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1962-02-09
China and the Error
OF the A-Bomb

| During World War II, my husband
| spent three years in Chiang's China.
| The plight of the Chinese people under
the cruel dictatorship of Chang Kali
shek was hopeless and helpless. At
| that time multitudes of Chinese, both
| workers and inte1lectuals, were eager
| ly embracing communism for the Com
| munists in China were attempting
| three things desperately needed by
| the people: eliminating famine, teach
| ing sanitation and thus eradicating
pestilence, and doing away with the
stagnating hold of ancestor worship.
The American President, Truman,
ended that war by bombing the Mongo-
loid peoples of Hiroshima and Naga-
saki. He did this despite the fact that
a petition was on his desk begging him
not to, and it was signed by the lead
ing nuclear physicists of the allied
Japan was near defeat when the
bomb was used. A simple demonstra-
tion of it's effectiveness to the Japa-
nese military would have ended the
war.
The people of the Mongo1oid branch
of the human race can never forget
that it was ON them we chose to test
the awful power of our atom, not on
the white Germans. Now we refuse
admission of Red China and a fourth
of the worlds population to the United
Nations. How long can we Keep them
on the outside, looking in?
The big bone of contention between
Khrushchev and Mao Tse- tung is
whether to co-exist or attempt to de-
stroy America. And we, like stupid
children, are filled with glee at the
ruction. If China develops The Bomb,
and they are pushing hard, we may
have little cause for glee. Strange as
it may seem to us, Russia with its
present policy of co-existence, is pro-
tecting us from China. Russia could |
give China the bomb tomorrow and |
simply let China do the fighting-what |
an easy way to bury us. Yet, in the |
last debate over admission of Red |
China, Russian strategy was ito ask |
for the expulsion of Chiang's China |
from the United Nations, knowing full |
well such a move would go down to
defeat.
BY refusing to admit Red China
to the United Nations, we, and Russia,
are pfIing bricks the wall of hate
between the MongoI0fd and Cauca-
sold branches of the human race.
What is Russia's present motivation
or keeping Red China out of the
United Nations? LIS 1T to build the walls
If hate higher and use China against
is? Or does Russia honestly feel China
leeds more preparation for responsible
membership i'm world government? We
Zee other nations joining without this
see page 2,
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1962-02-09
NY "Two-Bits Worth"

For over a half century 1 have been
a careful student of history, govern
ment and economics and having passed
the allotted three score and ten feel
that l should devote such time as re-
mains (before the old man with the
scythe catches up with me) to a few
comments on the conclusions reached
by that study.
So in that connection I want to dis
cuss two important American docu-
ments for which 1 have always had
the greatest admiration, and bring ont
some portions of those documents the
significance of which are often over
looked by the average citizen in the
contemplation of the whole.
First 1--WE hold these truths to be
self evident, that all men are created
equal, that they are endowed with
certain inalienable rights, among which
are life, liberty and the pursuit of
happiness" and to secure these rights
(along with others not specifically
mentioned) governments are formed
deriving their just powers from the
consent of the governed. Emphasis
and parenthesis my OWN.
The trainers of that document stated
in the clearest terms the function and
purpose of any just government and
while they mentioned only the most
important of those purposes, the Sc
pursuit of happiness, by the use of the
two words AMONG WHICH, they
left open the conclusion that govern
ment functions to secure other rights
not specifically mentioned.
OF the three rights specifically men
toned the first is probably of the
greatest Importance and few of our
citizens today place the full signifi-
canoe upon the fright to life" that
it fully deserves That right to life as
something for the government to Sc
cure, means, and was intended to mean,
more than just protection of the indi-
vidua1 from murder. To me and I'M
doubtedly to the trainers, it means
protection from hunger, want, I'M
necessary privation and preventable
Opponents of "the welfare state" are
fond of saying "the welfare state pro-
ponents think the world Cor the gov
owes them a living. True,
the government doesn't owe the citi-
zen a living but one of governm ents'
principle functions is to secure to
EVERY CITIZEN the best possible
living, and lest these opponents of the |
welfare state" assume that the citi- |
zen expects to live without effort on |
his own part let me say here that each |
citizen owes to his government a cor
duty to devote the best |
service of which he is capable, in |
whatever manner he is best qualified, |
20 enable that government to perform |
hat function, which is the reason for |
is formation.
Space forbds further comment at |
his time but unless as / said previous
y the man with the scythe overtak es
ne l will have more on this subject
HAMILTON, Mis-
o11la
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1962-02-09
Carter, Victim of Birchitis !?
Editor. The Peoples Voice:

Editor, The Peoples Voice.
Dear Sir,
I have heard that Paul A. Carter
the MSU professor who refused to &C.
cept the Birch sponsored decree against
the United Nations and who staged a
one-man UN Day march, is to be let
OUT. My information Cor misinforma-
tion) has it that his contract is not
to be renewed.
Now i find this difficult to believe,
but if true I am afraid we have a
practical application of all that mumbo-
jumbo about "Americanism" Free
Enterprise" and Republics. 1t sounds
good to be uneducated but when ap-
piled outside the area of lip, larnyx,
tongue, and ear we get a replica Of
totalitarian COON squads.
There really aren't enough deroga-
tory adjectives to describe such people.
Even if Prof. Carriers job is safe, I'd
like to toss a little virulent excretion,
consisting of birthstone molecules,
towards the right-wing dinosaurs just
on general principles. But this is no
longer possible since, as Edward p.
Morgan points out, anthropogists have
discovered that even the cavemen were
given to collectivism when facing a
common task, and they were compass
sionate towards the sick and injured.
Thus we need a new vocabulary with
which to classify our fossilized think
ers Perhaps one dealing with ameoba-
type organisms will do because on this
sub-level it really appears as if it is
everyone for himself. Real Iaissex
fafre! OF course, vocabulary suited
to the description of inorganic matter
would serve the best owing to the
difficulties involved in attributing con-
seriousness to the various elements of |
right-wing sediment Sincerely yours |
JERRY JACKSON, Billings.
PSI appreciate your paper, and
enjoy Hobart McKean's letters and
those of Leverne Hamilton very much
Also, given the pressures being put
on DR.. Renne and other members of
the University System, it must require
gall to issue syllogisms
conn Getting federal aid to the schools
with federal controls and bureaucratic
regirn entation of academic life Minus
the federal aid, what have we got in
Montana now?
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1962-02-09
How can a farm afford
the special services it needs?

Farming &. 4. like any other industry -.
needs the eficiencies and economies OF
specialized departments.
The farm business needs sales de-
partment and purchasing department
:. someone to counsel on Insurance.
and credit ;. and many more depart
ments to work out important problems.
If 1t weren't for cooperatives, most
farmers couldn't afford these special
lied services. Purchasing cooperatives
supply materials and products of high
est quality at lowest possible cost, Mar
keting cooperatives help improve the
quality of produce and sell it at the
most favorable prices. Mutual insur-
ance companies provide protection at
lowest cost. Credit associations lend
money for farm operations.
These cooperatives make farming
more business-like and more profitable.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1962-02-09
KOJM Havre Answers
McKeon Letter

Last weeks (Jan. 26) edition of THE
PEOPLES VOICE, a Montana weekly
newspaper, contained a letter to the
editor, which dealt with a recent radio
program broadcast by KOJM. The pro-
gram in question was the annual voice
of Democracy contest in which six stu
dents from the two Havre High Schools
read self written essays on the theme
What Freedom Means to Me-. The
letter to the editor criticiZing the pro-
gram and printed in THE PEOPLES
VOICE was signed by HOBART Nc
KBAN of Circle, Montana. The letter
is quite lengthy but in substance
here is what Mr.. Mexican believes.
From listening to the program and
the students who spoke, Americans are
unrealistic and living in the past when
it comes to freedom. He abhors con-
slant reference symbols of freedom
taken from American history :.
''mouldy tradition" he calls it. He SCOTS
at a comparison between freedom in
America and freedom in other lands,
clubbing our understanding of the lat
ter ais second hand information based
on fear and hatred. The writer rebels
at the thought that freedom has any
thing to do with free choice. In
direct quote, There never has been
and can never be free choice.
Mr. Hobart Mexican is pretty fed up
Will AMERICAN heritage.
Such foundations of freedom as
Washington, Lincoln, The Liberty Bell,
Paul Revere, The Declaration of INDIE
pendence and the Pledge of Allegiance
must cause him discomfort every time
they are mentioned. And why should
high school students be forced to .di-
gest such bits of mouldy tradition as:
l776 The Alamo The Argonne
Forest over There Pearl Har-
Dor June 9Th, 1914 Pork Chop
Hill. Or sing Yankee Doodle Over
There even-God Bless America.
Why not dispense with it all and
just say Freedom we got 1T for
nothing. No Mr.. Mexican, we do not
wrapping ourselves in the |
American Flag and chanting super
patriotic slogans. The sincerity of the |
flag -waver often dies with the calming /
of the breeze. We do advocate vigilance |
for the freedom we cherish today :.
and knowledge and respect that this
freedom was earned, safeguarded and !
passed on to us by those who went /
before. We do not live in the past
we live for the future but if we
are to stay on course we will be guided |
by the past. We do not say that Ameri- |
IAN freedom is the only freedom. There
Are many other nations, Canada and
Great Britain to be sure, whose free
iom is equal to ours.
If no other part, the last sentence
If Mr.. McKean's letter demands an
answer 1t reads: 1--WE are only free
when we obey and serve. In many
today this is precisely what
S offered the population. We can hear
dr. Khrushchev for example, "Obey
md serve me :. and I will give you
freedom. But disobey, and 1 will
axe your freedom away.
Among other things . American
reedom is freedom to write and ex-
'ress just such opinions as Mr.. Hobart
fcKean of Circle has done, freedom
or THE PEOPLES VOICE to print
his letter =. and freedom for radio
tations like KOJM to answer it.
TAN STEPHENS for North Montana
Company, Havre.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1962-02-09
The Readers Forum

The Forum" is open to all who
wish to express an opinion or present
facts on any subject. Limit 500 words.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1962-02-09
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The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1962-02-09

g Coop ADV. Council 1855