davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-26

sion, we will have to take the
chaplains out Of the armed
forces, prayers cannot be said
in Congress, and the President
cannot put his hand on the
Bible when he takes the oath
Of office. The trainers Of the
Constitution meant we were to
have freedom Of religion, not
freedom from religion"
In New York, Francis Cardi-
nal Spellman said he was
shocked and frightened"
1.-THE decision strikes at the
very heart Of the Cody tradi-
ton in which Americas chill
dren have for so long been
raised" he declared.
New York Gov. Nelson A.
Rockefeller said he hoped lad
justments" could be made in
the prayer so that it could con-
tinue to be used in New York
schools.
However the Board Of Re-
gents which governs education
in the State said the Supreme
Court has ruled and we accept
1t with regret"
The five Long Island parents
who brought the suit more than
three years ago against public
schoolroom prayer say they're
extremely happy" about their
victory.
The parents, spanked by
Lawrence Roth of Roslyn
Heights, enlisted the aid of
the New York Civil Liberties
Union to bring the legal action
against the Herricks School
Board. The Herricks school
district includes several COM
munities in the new Hyde Park
area adjacent to New York City.
Mr.. Roth said he sought out
parents that he knew would
stand firm during the long
struggle. They were Steven
Engel. Mrs. Leonore Lyons,
Monroe Lerner and Daniel
Liechtenstein. who, with the
Roths, had IL children attend
ing schools under Jurisdiction
Of the Herrick board.
I'VE were heartily in favor
Of prayer, but we believed it
belonged in church and in the
home" Mr.. Roth said. 1--WE
believe that religious training
is the prerogative Of parents
and not the duty Of the State"
The Engels and the Liechten-
stems attend a Jewish temple,
the Lerners belong to the Ethi-
cal Culture Society and Mrs,
Lyons is a Unitarian. Mr.. Roth
said he was born into the
Jewish faith, but did not prac-
tice the religion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-26

face the music. One occasion.
Mr.. Cain said. was while they
were visiting the Estes Funeral
Home in Pecos. He said that
Estes, leaning on a casket, said
IF We can't work this out, I'm
not going to take the eaff.
I am going to get what I can
and get out" Twice, the wit
ness said, Estes referred to
leaving the country.
Mr.. Cain described Estes as
q name dropper who started
with President Kennedy and
went right on down" He also
repeated the testimony he gave
before the Texas court of IN
quiry that Estes said he would
need between 100000 and
100000 for payoffs If arrange
ments could be worked out with
the finance company to keep
his house Of cards" from fall
ing down.
Mr.. Cain said Estes men
toned no names in this con-
nection.
SOrkin Trip Cited
From another witness, the
subcommittee brought out that
Martin Sorkin, an economic
consultant here, applied for
steamship passage to Europe a
few days after subcommittee
investigators located in the files
OF Commercial Solvents in New
York letters from Mr.. Sorkin
relating how he had partici-
pated with Republican leaders
in a strategy meeting to make
plans for fighting the Kennedy
administrations farm plan last
fall.
The witness was Michael D.
Provan of the Waters Travel
Service. Mr.. Provan testified
Mr.. Sorkin applied for reserva-
tons on the IS United States
on June z for a sailing on June
IA.
The reservations. Mr. Provan
said. we're picked up the next
day, and Mr.. Sorkin sailed on
June IA. This was the day the
series Of Sorkin letters, ad-
dressed to Mr.. Wheeler, were
disclosed by the subcommittee
investigating the grain storage
operations of Estes.
Business and Pleasure"
subcommittee Counsel James
Naughton said he obtained the
letters on a visit to Commercial
Solvents offices on June 2.
Mr.. Naughton also said that,
in his passport application on
June 8, Mr.. Sorkin said he was
going to Europe on a business
and pleasure" trip.
The subcommittee learned
that Mr.. Sorkin had left for
Europe when it sought to ques-
ton him with regard to the
letters. The letters also indi-
Gated that Mr.. Sorkin had in
side sources Of information in
the Agriculture Department
and various congressional COM
mittees.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-26

J. Shehan, called the court de-
cision shocking.
Although I have not had
the opportunity to read the
full text Of this decision, the
action of the court seems to
me to be one more step toward
the complete secularization of
public education in the United
States he said.
"1t is bound to have an
effect on the whole culture of
this Nation"
Some Approve
While there we're many ex-'
pressions of protest, there were
other voices raised in approval
of the ruling.
DR.. Dana Mclean Greeley,
president of the Unitarian Uni
versslist Association, said the
Supreme Court has acted
clearly in support Of the prin-
ciple Of the separation Of
church and state as guaranteed
by the First Amendment.
"The court has recognized
that prayer sanctioned by the
majority must inevitably dis
criminate against the view
points of religious minorities.
Unitarians and Universalists
have additionally maintained
that the interests of religions
and OF the community are best
served when church and state
are clearly independent of one
another, both in organization
and in function"
Mr.. Pfeffer said he feels the
decision was consistent with
earlier Supreme Court decisions
that the Constitution requires
an absolute separation of
church and state and secular
public school system"
Mr.. Pfeffer ais went further
in his Interpretation of the de-
cision, saying that it makes it
clear that Federal funds may
not be used to finance parochiai
school education.
Bill Excludes Church Schools
This was in reference to the
administrators legislation for
aid to public schools with paro.
chial schools excluded.
Roman Catholic church lead.
ers have commended that church
schools should also receive aid,
President Kennedy has taken
the position that 1t would be
unconstitutional to grant aid
to religious schools.
Representative Thompson,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-26
The marveIS
of the
human hand

Why is any puncture of the
skin of the hand dangerous?
Why is the thumb 50 impor-
tant? How many notes per
second can q great pianist
strike?
Read ''The Marvels of the
Human Hand" and you'll
never again take for granted
the marvelously complex in
strument which sets man
apart from beasts. July
Readers Digest is now on sale.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-26

Democrat of New Jersey, a sup.
porter of the Kennedy schoo
aid bill-now bottled up in thu
House Rules Committee-Saic
II can see no analogy" between
the prayer decision and the
constitutionality of Federal aic
to church schools.
The same view was expressed
by House Republican Leader
HalleCk. The issues were not
the same. he said.
SOutherners Bitter
Southern members Of Con-
gress--angry over the courts
civil rights decisions-were Bit
ter in their denunciation of the
ruling.
"They put the Negroes in the
schools and now they've driven
God out" declared Represent.
alive Andrews, Democrat Of
Alabama. t..-..
But criticism also came from
above the Mason-Dixon Line.
Senator Bennett, Republican
of Utah, an elder in the Nor.
mon Church, remarked:
Il don't know how much fur.
Their we can go to forbid the
expression of even the simplest
acknowledgment of a belief in
God. How long will it be before
the daily prayer in Congress is
considered a violation of the
CONSTITUTIONS"
Javits Expresses Opinion
Senator Javits, Republican
Of New York, said he respects
the courts opinion as it relates
to schools and added:
There is plenty Of oppor-
tunity afforded to parents, how
ever, to inculcate religious
faith in their children at home
and at weekend religious
schools"
Representative Rooney, Dem
ocrat of New York, called the
court ruling Jasmine" and said
1T could put United States pub
lie schools on the same footing
with Russian schools" in which
mention Of q Supreme Being
Is not permitted"
Representative Grant, Demo-
crat Of Alabama, said, They
can't keep US from praying fol
the Supreme Court"
Graham, Spellman Shocked
Evangelist Billy Graham said
Of the decision: This IL an
other step toward the seculari-
zation Of the United States.
Followed to its logical conclu-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-26
ESTES

Continued From Page AL
the truth He did not re-
member on purpose or he for
got" Mr.. Cain said.
Mr.. Cain, for his part, testi-
fled he represented the finance
company and explained to him
that he had spent several days
with Estes. attempting to
gather facts and work out some
feasible plan whereby he could
pay the finance company"
When Estes was arrested on
Federal fraud charges and his
business enterprises collapsed,
a dozen finance companies were
left holding mortgages totaline
$22 million.
Mr.. Wheeler said Billie Sol
had called him about an as
signment which he had pre-
pared and filed of records that
indicated Billie was transferring
several millions Of dollars to
the Bank of Switzerland. and
he CWheeler) said that he had
better come out and talk with
Billie" Mr.. Cain testified.
Mr.. Wheeler then said he
had just returned from q five
week trip to Europe where
commercial Solvents Corp. was
establishing an operation in
Italy. Mr.. Wheeler said Com
mercial Solvents Corp. was
going to do business with the
Bank of Switzerland that
it matters got too bad for Billie
Sol, that Solvents could use
him as a consultant in Switzer-
land. Mr.. Estes Immediately
said, I think Brazil would be
better"
In his testimony, Mr.. Wheeler
fatty denied making such
statements.
Convinced Of Involvement
Mr.. Cain testified that he
discussed with Mr.. Wheeler
Billie Soils operation and in
Movement with the finance
companies for IS minutes. In
his appearance before the sub
committee, Mr.. Wheeler testi-
fled they we're alone together
for about five minutes.
IT was convinced one hum
dred per cent that Commercial
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-26

more schools. In the other, a
three-judge Federal court in
Pennsylvania ruled these prac-
tees unconstitutional.
A Montgomery County
spokesman said school officials
would confer with school board
members to decide whether to
ask a legal opinion. He said
II think wen be left in the
dark until the other cases are
decided Montgomery Coun-
tvs observances are optional
but practiced ''in the majority
Of clasrooms."
Prince Georges County Supt.
William S. Schmidt said:
I'VE have encouraged opening
exercises, and I'm sure that 90
per cent of schools have the
Lords Prayer and Pledge of
Allegiance" He pointed out
that the public school code
makes no reference to either
the prayer or Bible reading.
Procedure in Arlington
In Arlington, Ray c. Reid
said Il have made no survey
Of how many classrooms follow
procedures for opening the
day." Instructions to teachers
permit but do not require
Bible reading. without COM
ment, followed by the Lords
Prayer.
Fairfax County goes by a
1858 statement outlining an
"inspirational period not neces-
sarily religious in character.
according to q spokesman.
Alexandria has mo regulations
or suggested prayer" accord
ing to Supt. T. c. williams.
The matter Is voluntary"
too, in Falls Church, said Supt.
Irwin H. Schmitt.
Meanwhile. Richard X. Lyon,
president Of the Jewish Com
munity Council of Greater
Washington, said. I'VE are very
Braufied that the Supreme
Court has confirmed the stand
that the council took with the
area school boards last Janu-
ary."
Prohibition Requested
At that time, the council /
asked all the Washington area |
school boards to prohibit reli-
gious observances of any kind,
ION or off school grounds. and
whether optional or compul-
sorry"
I'VE feel confident" Mr..
Lyon said. that the decision
presages what will apply to
Bible reading and the Lords
Prayer" He stressed that the
council is particularly pleased
that Justice Black said that
there is nothing anti-religious
in supporting the principle Of
separation of church and State. !"
Mail to the District school
board has been running heavily
in favor of the current prac-
tices. Mr.. Schmidt said the ma
jority Of letters to the Prince
Georges school administration
have also been heavily in favor
of present informal observances.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-26
Buttleship Sold for $56

BRISTOL, England, June 26
tAP).-Skin diver David Lang
field has paid $50 for the Brit
ish battleship Families which
sank in 80 feet Of water 202
years ago. He says he wants
the ships cannons for his
gardens. -.4 .-.-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-26

Solvents was in this deal with
Billie Sol right up to its neck, a"
Mr.. Cain said. Mr.. Wheeler
told the subcommittee neither
he nor Commercial Solvents
knew that Estes was insolvent
and trying to work out some
thing with the finance COM
panies.
Mr.. Cain said he told the
chemical company president
that Estes was deeply involved
with the finance companies
and sought to find out what
commercial Solvents planned
to do since. he said he told
Mr.. Wheeler. the company had
secured claims on almost every
thing Billie Sol had except his
home and automobile.
Mr.. Cain testified he saw
Estes three times before the
Pecos operator was arrested
and after getting reports on
February % that the tanks on
which the finance company
had taken mortgages did not
exist.
Says Checkers Misled
Asked why the finance COM
panies failed 10 find out that
the tanks did not exist, Mr.
Cain said Estes had 1t down
so pat" that the checkers were
misled by false serial numbers.
He related how Estes kept a
supply of serial numbers
matching those on mortgages
and how he would send them
out perhaps as much as 200
miles away and have them
placed on tanks before the
investigators got there.
He'd have those checkers
running all over these flat
lands until they got sick of
checking" Mr.. Cain said.
He said the finance COM
panies checked and double
checked and followed all the
procedures in the finance field.
This man Estes conceived
a criminal scheme and carried
it out to the nth degree" Mr..
Cain said.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-26
PRAYER
Continued From Page Al

Continued From Page Al
with informal practices at the
discretion of individual school
principals and teschers.
Officials cited two other i'm
portant cases which the high
court has been asked to hear.
but which 1t has not yet an
nounced whether it will hear.
In one case, the Maryland
Court OF Appeals upheld read
ing Of the Bible and recitation
of the Lords Prayer in Balti-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-26
Aromuic Tuuoht

MONTREAL, June 26 (AP)
I-McGill University is expand
ing It's language department to
include Aramaic. the language
spoken by Christ.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-26
RUSK
Invasion Is Doubted
Aim of Red BuiIdup
Continued From Page Al

Continued From Page Al
clear weapons program, but he
gave assurances that America
stands ready to help build UP
a multilateral European nu-
clear force dovetailed with
American nuclear might. The
French we're cool to the over
ture, saying there was no need
to talk about such plans until
Frances nuclear force is a
reality, perhaps 10 months
from now.
Mr.. Rusk told Lord Home
that Gen. de Gaulle and Mr..
Adenauer had assured him that
Britain'S bid for entry into the
flourishing European Common
Market would not be vetoed for
political reasons. American
diplomats feel that Britain's
entry into the European Eco
nomic Community could pro-
vide the basis for setting up
an American backed nuclear
strike force within the frame
work of the Atlantic alliance.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-26
No Firm Plan Yet

Assistant Secretary of State
Robert Manning said Develop
ment of multi-nation European
nuclear deterrent was an evo-
lutionary process that would
require months of discussions
within the NATO Council. Mr..
Manning indicated that the
United States and Britain have
not taken a joint stand on
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-26
Funeral Home Visit

The lawyer said that, on four
occasions, Estes told him that
if some arrangements could not
be worked out he would not
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-26
Lord Regrets Decision

LVru regrets Decision
The Methodist bishop of the
Washington area, John Wesley
Lord, said he deeply" regrets
the decision.
However" added Bishop
Lord in a statement, "this rul-
ing was made necessary by the
unwise and unfortunate action
Of the Board of Regents of the
State Of New York, in creating
an official prayer, however
general that prayer might ap-
pear"
Broadly interpreted, this de-
cision will make unconstitu-
tional the reciting of the Lords
Prayer, part Of our great re-
ligious heritage" said Bishop
Lord.
The Roman Catholic Arch
bishop of Baltimore. Lawrence
The Detroit tribune., 1962-04-21
Alpha Phi Alpha Announces
$12, 900 In Scholarships

Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity
announces this years total schol-
arship awards of $4,000 with
$500 minimum to the selected
high school, college and post :
graduate students.
Requests for application forms
should be mailed to DR.. Clifton
r. Jones, Director of Educational
Activities, Alpha Phi Alpha Fra
ternity. Morgan State College,
Baltimore, Maryland. without de-
lay. College and post-graduates
are awarded on the basis of
grades and extra-curricular ac-
tivities.
High school winners are con-
sidered on scholarship along
with an essay not to exceed 200
The Detroit tribune., 1962-04-21

The second takes place on SUM-
day. April %. which will be
"YWCA Sunday" at Central Meth
odist Church when it honors the
sYW at its IL o'clock service.
Among the activities sprnsor-
ed by WV branches will be A
tour of the University OF Mic'ii-
gan for teen-age girls. The group
will leave Macomb Branch WV,
1890 Ten Mile Road, East De
troit. BY chartered bus al 8 am.
Monday. April %. returning at
5 pm. The trip is ,pcn TO all IN
tcrcsted girls and reservations
may be made at the Macomb WV.
An open house, "IWCA Show
Case" is planned by the Central
Branch WV, 2230 Witherell ST,
for Wednesday, April %, with
children's program beginning
al 2 pm. This will be followed
by a tea at 4 pm. honoring work
ers in the recent membership
drive Beginning at s.. Pm. and
continuing until $50, variety OF
events are open to the pubic
without charge They include ex-
hibitions of Hawaiian and North
American Indian dancing, travel
and homemaking films. fashion
show beside the pool, and swim
m.ng demonstrations.
On Thursday evening, April
26. members of the Lucy Thur
man Branch Brewster-Douglas
Breakfast Club will be guests OF
the Y.WiVc- At the downrlver
WV. 32ll Fort ST., Wyandotte.
Also scheduled at the downriver
WV are an art exhibit and open
house Sunday, April 2e. begin
ming at pm. which are open
to the public.
National YWCA Week will in
augurate new three-year theme,
The YWCA - Where You Can
Belong according TO Miss An
Meta B. Eldridge. metropolitan
executive director.
This years celebration is the
18th in the nationwide obser-
vance. II is a time when the
YWCA draws especial attention
to the national and local pro-
grams demonstrating how the WV
fulfilIs its commitment as wo-
mems movement. Miss Eldridge
said.
The Detroit tribune., 1962-04-21
by BETTY BARBER-Wsyne
County Extension Ageni-Home
Economics

An attractive and creative cen
terpiecc for your Easter table
may be made by decorating egg
shells attached to pieces of drift
wood.
To make the Easter egg tree,
begin saving egg shells. Select
two slender and graceful pieces
of driftwood with as many
branches as possible. Place these
in a piece of molding clay which
has been secured in the bottom
of a flat flower bowl. Dye the
egg shell halves in a variety oil
colors. Add bits of sparkle, beads
or other decorative trim. Hang
each half shell like a tiny UNI
brella from the limbs OF your
driftwood tree. Attach each she'll
umbrella to the tree with thread
Other decorations may be Gre
atcd by decorating the shells OF
hard-cooked eggs. A busy animal
scene can be created with few
colored eggs, construction paper,
beads and egg cartons.
Let your creative genius take
The Detroit tribune., 1962-04-21
Haze Il Good Breakfast

a "do-it-yourself" basis. The Sc
cret of success here is that there
must be prior planning to have
the food in the right place and
the child properly instructed.
Or. Anderson says "A hungry
child cannot learn as we'll as he
should and is at a disadvantage
in his relationship with others,
so send him to school with a
good breakfast eaten wifhouf
rush or tension"
Even for adults who are on a
reducing diet, three well-balanc-
ed meals are necessary. A well
balanced breakfast is a help
for those who are struggling to
lose weight.
The Detroit tribune., 1962-04-21

words, on the subject "My Lies
Goal and Why need Assistance"
The National President, DR..
William II. Hale, Langston, Okla
homa, says that last year set a
record for applicants and with
the May 18th deadline, a larger
number are expected to apply
due to the hoped for educational
upsurge of colored youth. II is
an established fact that with
training we are no longer denied
employment that was once refus-
ed us.
Winners of Awards will be no.
titled and published by June Is,
1862. Alpha Fraternity first made
scholarships available in 1888,
and each increasing year has
proven to have met a dire need
because of the low economic
The Detroit tribune., 1962-04-21

Groundbreaking for two ne
elementary schools and one adj
dition = totaling S3,670,000 =
took place on April l6, H.
and l8 at 3 pm. This is another
mart of the five-year building
program financed by the $780, ,OOO'-
600 earmarked in 1859 for new
Detroit public school construc'
ton.
The Howe Elementary addi-
ton. located at l043O Charlie
voix in the eastern section of the
CITY. got off to its official start
April l6. Designed to accommo-
date an additional 576 stu
dents. the addition will provide
kindergarten activities room and
kindergarten work rooms as well
as ten primary self-contained
classrooms. A multi purpose
gymnasium is also included in
the plan for total budget OF
100000. Scheduled for Novem-
ber 1862 completion, the plans
were drawn by Diehy & Diehy,
architects. The contractor is
Felker Construction Company.
On April II, the Harry B. Kei-
dan Elementary, designed for
l4lR students from kindergarten
through sixth grade, held publicly
its groundbreaking ceremony
The Detroit tribune., 1962-04-21
U-M Scholarships

ANN ARBOR = Seniors in $40
state high schools will receive
649 Regents-Alumni Scholarships
TO The University Of Michigan.
Dean of Men Walter b. Rea, chair
man of the Committee Of Uni
versity Scholarships announced
Wednesday
Over 100 applied for the
awards which are awarded an
nvsIly. Last year. 686 students in
392 accredited Michigan high
schools won awards.
The stipends vary according
TO financial need of winners,
ranging from an honorary $50 en-
trance award 10 a $500 per year
grant. Awards continue for the
normal length of each students
degree program if his academic
record justifies renewal
Each school in entitled TO az
least ore of the scholarships IL
a qualified senior applies. Also.
some awards are granted sf-larse
on the basis of Statewide COM
PARTON Of applicants from par
ficipaf.ng schools. There are no
limits on fhe number Of sppIi-
eanfs from, or awards TO. any
one school.
Continued on Page 81