davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1962-08-03
The Church andC hHNhndom
Practical application of Christianity Of foremost concern

situation is due to three
great revolutions:
a. The relations between
State and Church. The EN-
peror Constantine was the
first ruler to take the Church
under his protection, SO be-
ginning a new era in Chris
tan history. 1t was the start
of the golden age, in which
all members of the State
were Christians. and Church
and State grew up along
side to form a Civitas Chris
tiana. Ideally at least, en-
peror and kings strove to
bring about st. Augustine's
City of God.
THE UNION of Church
ana State underwent its first
shock with the rise of ma
tion-states in Europe in the
10th century, and it ended
with the seculariZation of the
State in the Eighteenth. To-
day the Constantinian rela-
ton between Church and
State is exceptional, even in
Christian countries. There
are few governments that ac-
lively support the Church
and work in harmony with
her.
The change arose partly
through the secularization of
modern culture and partly
through a stronger sense of
the Church's autonomy. In
stead of the former close
harmony, we see a friendly
attitude, indeed, on the part
OF many governments, a neu-
trail one with others, and
overt hostility on the part of
quite a few. In communist
countries, Christianity and
Church are looked on as sur
vivals of a bygone age, and
themselves about to disap-
pear.
3D. The right of suprema-
cy of a worldwide Christian
culture is being called i'm
question. - AT the time of
the (First) Vatican Council,
and even till the outbreak of
the First World War, the
dominant Eur opean and
American culture was still
based on Christian princi-
Piles. Its ethical foundations
were not simply an echo of
the Gospels and the moral
teaching of the Church, but
were the outcome too of the
contact of Christianity with
the social, political. eco
nomic and cultural elements
of European and American
history. The peoples of Asia
and Africa held in admira-
ton the advanced civilization
of the West and Europe's
spiritual culture with its eth
ical roots. This worldwide
: regard for Christian Gull
ture" created. a favorable
prospect for the work of the
missions.
: THE is now
dramatically altered. The two
wars have destroyed the
prestige of western culture
in the eyes of the colored
races. At the same time, a
large part of the tradition
ally Christian white peoples
has fallen under communist
domination; and their gov
ernments work to replace
Christianity by MarXism. We
see how, not so far away, an
attempt is being made to re-
place the Christian meaning
of Christmas by an anti
christian theology. Even in
many democratic countries
of the free world a secular
lied culture prevails, indif-
ferent or inimical to Chris
tianity. The result is that,
there too, the Church is con-
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1962-08-03
INQUIRY CORNER
What does the Legion
mean by adoIescents?

@. AT what age does the
Church consider one eligible
TO see o movie listed for
adults? for adults and Adde'S
cents?
A. The Legion of Decency
listing is a service provided
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-20

She sold her wedding ring,
She sold her great-grand-
mothers quilts. She painted
bowls. chopped up kitchen
chairs for firewood. radiated
happiness, and said: You're
all geniuseS. Every one of
you" Two of the girls, Jean
and Kathy, have written a
book called Genius in the
Family" I don't like Ire
member-M omma books, but
this one is so good. so rich
with anecdotes about Mrs.
Godfrey, that l laughed until
the tears came, and some
times when the tears came,
they came to stay.
MOTHER SANG on radio
In 1924. Her announcer was
Norman Brokenshire. She
earned IS per program. One
day, Mrs. Frank Burr stopped
in at the house and Dor
rowed' a crocheted tablecloth
which required six months Of
work. The kids knew mother
planned to sell it for food.
Grace Burr" she said, can
have anything I own"
Mrs. Burr returned two
weeks later with a check. The
women had ratified off the
tablecloth. Mrs. Godfrey wept
an unusual thing for her
and used the money to pay
her husbands funeral ex-
penSes.
There was a genius IN that
family all right. 1t was Mrs.
Katherine Godfrey.
Copyright, 1852, King Features
Syndicate, lncD
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-20
ADVERTISEMENT
Now Many Wear
FALSE Teeth
With Little Worry

Eat. talk, laugh or sneeze without
fear Of insecure false teeth dropping,
slipping or webbing. FASTEETH
holds plates f1rmer and more COM
fnrtably. This pleasant powder has no
gummy, gOOey. pasty taste or feeling.
Doesn't cause nausea. It's alkaline
(non-acidJ. Checks plate odor"
tdenture BREATH. Get FASTEETH at
drug counters everywhere.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-20

METROPOLITAN
STORE MANAGER
OF THE MONTH
Tony Boyne

Manager Of the NARROW
Hgis.. Nd, store hos been
with Metropolitan Point
Co. two yeors, and lives
in 6erwYn Hgfs, Nd.
Evening star., 1962-04-23
An Economic Judgment in Steel

probation. This latter sum
is available for capital ex-
penditures and amounts to-
day to only a partial replace
ment of the capital we orig
inally invested. during pre-
vious years, in plant and
equipment that now is wear
ing out or becoming obSo-
lete. In fact, all this depre-
citation reserve and profit put
together has been less each
year than what we have been
spending for new plants. The
total profit we earned in 1861
didn't even take care of our
debt payment requirements.
So it was obvious that if
We didn't do better in 1862.
We would have to dig further
into this depreciation reserve
just to keep going"
@. Lots of people are say
ing you will have to cut your
dividends in 1862 - is that
SOP"
A. Stockholders and in
vestors play a vital part in
the free-enterpriSe system.
and the best way to shake
their confidence and either
limit or eliminate that in
vestment source is to cut
dividends.
@. How does this relate
to borrowing power?"
A. well, those who lend
you money must see before
them what is called a 'cush-
ion'-enough leeway between
the annual payment on your
debt and your annual profits
so that the lenders will feel
they have a normal margin
of protection if default oc-
ours. The profit squeeze
we're going through just
isn't healthy for US or for
the future of industry gen.
orally"
@. "One last question: 1t
has been said that what you
did was bad public relations.
Did you take into account
public reaction?"
A. There is never a right
time to tell somebody they've
got to pay more for their
products. But we neverthe-
less have to make our de-
examinations and judgments
on economic facts. Public
relations will not help us If
We cannot modernize our
plant and equipment fast
enough to enable us to COM
pete with European products
and to help us to keep our
prices down so that we can
compete with substitute
products in this country.
Nor will public relations help
us if we cannot earn enough
each year to pay back what
we have borrowed. When
you go broke, that's bad
timing and bad public rela-
tions, tool"
Copyright, 1892
Evening star., 1962-04-23
Kennedy Held Obligated to Reossure
Business, Restrain Ultro-LiberoIs

steel was iustifiable only by
special circumstances. When
other special circumstances
arise On the labor side of the
street the President will owe
it to the country to be no
less vigorous in his action.
His third obligation is to
sit down hard upon a few
ultra-liberal subordinates
within the administration
who are eXulting over his
''vlctory' over Big Steel. There
is no occasion for this sort
Of thing. But some of these
people ase speaking privately
as though the time had come
to bring back the more fran
tic policies Of the early
Roosevelt New Deal.
The President thus far has
resisted all efforts to recast
him in the Roosevelt mold.
He never was an uncritical
admirer of FDR's policies,
and has never had any inten-
ton to ape the one or to re-
store the other. Indeed. his
bittereSt opposition for the
presidential nomination came
precisely from ultra liberal
Democrats who alway
thought Roosevelt could do
nothing wrong and business
very little right.
Evening star., 1962-04-23
WILLIAM S. WHITE
Calming the Steel After-EHects

But if he is not careful
now, the ultra Liberals will
convince the business COM
munity that he is really what
he is not: A Roosevelt OF
the Sos.
The President should never
forget that the decisive part
of the public support for him
in the steel episode was not
from anti-business liberals.
Actually it came from pre-
cisely opposite quarters, from
pro-buSinesS conservatives
who realized that all business,
and indeed all conservatism,
would be harmed if steelS
price increase had been al
lowed to stand.
For had it stood, in the
face of the administrations
earlier cooperation with
steel in keeping down labor's
demands, field day for in
flationary demands by ir-
responsible labor leaders
would have been the sure
consequence.
The strike HAPPY labor
leaders would have needed to
say only this to their rank
and file: LABOR in steel
submitted TO administration
pressure to keep down its
demands-and look what
steel did with its prices once
the labor contract had been
signed. To hell with all re-
straints and all understand
ings with management"
Evening star., 1962-04-23
Bockers of Joseph She'll Seen Leaving
Way Open for Return to Nixon Camp

for Shell and the right wing
to come home after Nixon is
nominated as expected.
The story lies in Jones
delicate handling of the
candidate and faction which
had for several days built him
into some kind of back room
wheeler-d dealer. Apparently
it is not deemed appropriate
to burn any bridges for right
wing crossings into the Nixon
camp.
Jones himself admitted the
problem in his statement. He
said he had pointed out to
Shell that it would take 20
per cent of the Democratic
vote and 80 per cent of the
Republican registration for
any Republican to win in
November.
Nixon got that 20 per cent
in 1850; Democrats believe
he cannot do it in the State
race against Gov. Brown. So
far Democrats have managed
to keep their endemic fac
tionaliSm at a minimum;
they still can hardly believe
their luck that the opposi-
ton has picked up their bad
old habits.
Shell is of course making
it difficult for Nixon to take
him into a later Nixon cam
paign. He has said that
Jones spoke to him about a
job in a Nixon administra-
ton. He has also claimed
that five persons high in ma
Evening star., 1962-04-23

Dangerous feeling is stir
ring in the wake Of President
Kennedy's contest with Big
Steel and great care must be
taken lest the country suffer
from the emotional after
effects.
Clearly needed now is self
restraint all around-betweon
labor and business. between
the two political parties and
within the Kennedy admins
tration itself.
A special responsibility
cOnfronts the President.
His first obligation is to
make clear by deed as we'll as
word that he harbors no i'll
will toward either steel or
business generally. There is
no reason whatever why the
heavy governmental pres
sure put upon Big Steel to
reScind its price advances
should ever be repeated.
Big Steel was a special
case. and for these special
circumstances: 1t is the most
basic of all industries. It had
Just been greatly and undeni-
ably assisted by the President
IN Tending off excessive labor
union demands. And though
there was certainly no formal
commitment, the der
standing nevertheless had
been that if Mr.. Kennedy
succeeded in moderating Ia
bor's demand-as he did
then steel itself would go easy
on prices. 1t was against all
this background that steel
suddenly raised its prices.
The Presidents second OBJ
legation is resolutely to crack
down upon Big Labor when
and if the national interest
becomes similarly and pecu-
liarly involved in any ev-
cesSive Big Labor wage de-
mand upon management.
Presidential intervention in
Evening star., 1962-04-23

Politicians and the men
who finance their campaigns
got a good square look last
week at what it is like to try
to do business with the af-
fluent right wing of the Re-
publicans.
The least mysterious aspect
of the California primary is
that the States right-wingers
and their candidate for the
Republican nomination for
Governor, Assemblyman Jo-
seph Shell. want no part of
Richard Nixon. Because of
this Nixon is hurting for
money, although every poll
shows that Shell trails far be-
hind him with the voters.
With the primary only six
weeks away, Shell frightened
his campaign with a mystery
man" described as lone of
the top financial people in
the r epublica n National
Committee" This emissary,
Shell said, expressed fear that
too many Republicans would
stay home rather than work
for Nixon if Nixon were nom
mated for Governor.
Charles S. Jones. board
chairman of Richfield Oil
Corp, an intimate friend of
former President Eisenhower,
has now identified himself as
the mystery man." Jones
said he was not trying to
make any deals but wanted
to discuss the situation that
would exist among California
Republicans the morning af-
ter the primary.
He admitted to concern
about the attitude of some
Republicans" but not to the
pessimism regarding Nixon's
chances which Shell at
tributed to him. BY his ex-
tremely careful language, he
left the light in the window
Evening star., 1962-04-23
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

Khrushchev he's earned retirement will go
working You won't catch him joining the golden
with nothing to do but sit around Moscow and listen to all
that propaganda the radio.
The Government selects eight asronauts.
Air Force and Navy. The Navy the
new project as Snow White and the Seven Backups"
The Army sences Maj Arch Roberts for utteances
the OAR. If returned civilian life the major
Right-wing will give him long profitable as
the other Mister Roberts.
To whom may Problems problems everywhere
Problems of the bride and financial bust
boom Problems problems everywhere but stepped
in darker gloom than when to who and when to whom.
The big Washington dispute whether to muzzle the
generals has been settled to the satisfaction of all They've
decided to forget the generals muzzle major.
Evening star., 1962-04-23

company began a program to
modernize our plant and
equipment at a cost of ST.
185.o00.000."
@. Where did you get the
money!"
A. I'VE got part of it out
of surplus and depreciation
reserve and part Of it out of
profits after paying divi-
dends. The balance-about
S800,000,000-we borrowed"
@. why didn't you Just
sell more stock instead of
borrowing2"
A. Because, to pay divi-
dendS on your stock at 5
per cent. you would have to
earn 10 per cent before taxes,
which take about a half of
your earnings, whereas you
can borrow money at 5 per
cent and get a tax deduction
on half of the interest cost.
And that's one of the major
reasons why there has been
such a big limitation on stock
issues not only in our indus
try but in others as we'll"
@. But how do you relate
this to your pricing policy?"
A. I'VE make a five-year
forecast in our company as
we take a long-range look at
the economy. It's difficult to
do. but finally you must make
an economic Judgment based
on whether the market for
your product will take the
increase in prices and on
what your competitors will
do. This can only be based
on published information in
annual reports and on COM
mon knowledge as to markets
and also on financial data in
trade and financial journals
in our industry. We can also
make a reasonable calcula-
ton of the amount of depre-
citation reserve we are going
to have over period of time"
Q. What was your judg-
ment on this particular price
increase?"
A. I'VE felt 1t was a mod
crate one that could rapidly
be absorbed by our customers.
We had experienced a 6 per
cent deterioration in our
cost-price relationship even
before the latest wage in
crease. So a 3l2 per cent in
crease in prices seemed log
ical, since it was a bit more
than half of the deterioration
which had occurred"
@. How did you come out
your 1861 operations?"
A. I'VE made just a little
more than So million in our
company above our dividend
payments and above the
$210 million reserved for de-
Evening star., 1962-04-23
DORIS FLEEsoN
Right-Wingers in California

tional party affairs told him
the Republican National
Committee doubted that
Nixon could beat Brown.
The claim echoes remarks
by National Chairman Miller
at the conference Of Repub-
lican women in Washington
to the effect that Nixon
campaigned badly in 1860
and was still doing so in
California. Miller said later
he didn't know reporters
were present.
Evening star., 1962-04-23
DAVID LAWRENCE
Facts Behind Price-Rise Decision
Told in Question-ond- Answer Form

This is the inside story of
how an economic judgment
Of major importance was
made within the steel indus
try only to be upset subse-
quently by the political judg-
ment of the President of the
United States, backed up By
threats of criminal prosecu-
ton. The story is based on
several days Of reasearch
among many men in the steel
industry and economists who
analyze trade and financial
news.
It is perhaps best to pre-
sent the facts in what could
have been a dialogue between
an inquiring reporter and a
group of men who. sitting as
a finance committee, en-
deavored to make an eco
nomic judgment Just after
the contract with the Ma
tional Steelworkers Union
was signed. Here in compo-
site form is the result:
@. Did you assure the
President or anyone else that
you would hold the line on
prices?"
A. We not only didn't do
this, but we couldn't do it
without deliberately violating
the antitrust laws. We sat
down alongside our competi-
tors only TO negotiate with
the labor unions. We could
not mention prices either to
the union representatives or
to the men from the other
companies"
@. Wasn't it inferred or
wasn't it implicit that, if the
unions didn't get a big wage
increase, you as a group
wouldn't increase prices?"
A. I'VE gave no such prom
Use or inference to anyone.
The new increase of 10 cents
an hour for labor in fringe
benefits. it is estimated, will
cost our industry about $780,
100000 a year. Somebody
has to pay for this. This is
on top of the 80 cents an
hour increase in wages in the
last three years which we
absorbed without making any
increase in our prices"
@. But after all the pub
lie discussion of wage and
price stability, why couldn't
you go along?"
A. Because we have a re-
sponsibility to those who
have invested in our prop
erty. We have promised to
pay back what we owe. We
had to make an economic
judgment"
@. "On what was your eco
nomic judgment based?"
A. "On the simple fact that
three years ago we in our
Arizona sun., 1962-10-04

County Farm Bureaus over the
state are conducting what they
call Measure the Candidate
meetings. These are public meet
ings at which Farm Bureau MEM
bers question candidates for the
state Legislature on certain cam
paign issues.
Candidates are limited to answer
ing the questions asked, and strict
time limits, usually two minutes
per question, are enforced. Each
candidate answers each question
in turn.
Pima County Farm Bureau has
scheduled its "Measure-the-Can-
didate" meeting for October II.
Cochise County Farm Bureau held
its meeting August %; Pinal Coun-
ty Farm Bureaus was August 81;
and Yavapai County Farm Bureau
had its meeting September rs.
The meetings, part of Farm
Bureaus citizenship programs, are
designed to help voters evaluate
the candidates.
Arizona sun., 1962-10-04
Arizona's Voice
Of Agriculture

A reasonable reduction in cotton
support prices for 1868, with nc
cut in present acreage, was ad-
vocated by representatives Of the
Southwest Five-State Cotton Grow
ers Association at recent (Sept.
14) meeting in Phoenix.
The group recommended five
point program:
Cd No cut in present national
cotton acreage;
(2) A reasonable reduction ir
the 1868 cotton support price;
60 Recognition of the need fol-
one-price system for cotton;
(4) An immediate reduction ir
the price of cotton to American
mills; and
(5) Further reductions in the
price support level to farmers
contingent on increased consump-
tion and larger acreage allotments
The meeting was called because
of speculation that recent drop:
in the export market and losses
in domestic consumption might
cause an acreage reduction next
year.
Representatives said their recon-
mendations we're designed to make
domestic cotton more competitive
with foreign growth and synthe.
tics.
Arizona sun., 1962-10-04

Northern Arizona rancherS,
members of the Tall Pines Farm
Bureau, were assured by Forest
Service officials that the deferred
rest rotation grazing program
would not be forced on cattlemen
who lease ranges in national for
ests.
This policy was clarified at a
recent (Sept. 1920 meeting with
Forest Service that the ranchers
called in which to protest that the
program was proving inflexible
and uneconomical.
FS's rest rotation grazing pro-
gram involves the building of a
great amount of new fencing and
complicated movements of cattle
On set schedule, so that portion
Of the range may be rested.
FS officials also declared that
their program is voluntary, flexi-
BILE, and should be used only where
it would be physically practical
and economically feasible.
Arizona sun., 1962-10-04
LET'S DISCUSS ARIZONA Law

keep it beyond reasonable
time.
You are obligated to sur
render the merchandise if
called for in person by the
shipper or his agent within a
reasonable time. But you can
demand storage charges be-
fore surrendering the item. If
you mail it back at your own
expense, you very likely will
stay on the sender's mailing
list and will receive other ship
ments in the future.
There are postal regulations
governing unordered merchan-
disc, except where fraud is in
volved.
Congress is working on leg
islation that will cover the sit
uation. However, if you know
what is in the envelope or
package, you can write Re
fused" across the face of the
piece of mail and hand it back
unopened to the mailman. No
further explanation is required.
You don't have to accept any
class mail. Further, your re-
fusal probably will result in
the sender having to pay re-
turn postage.
A ruling by the Federal
Trade Commission holds it a
violation Of the Federal Trade
Act for a sender of unordered
merchandise to claim that
"the receiver is under obliga-
ton. to pay for or return
the merchandise. Hence, if
you don't use the merchandise,
you are within your rights in
refusing to pay for it.
If another persons mail is
improperly delivered to you,
do not open it, as such action
might make you liable to sew
eral legal penalties. Such mail
should be re deposited
in a postal box with an appro-
pirate notation thereon, such
as the proper address or mot
IA South Brown Street." show
ing the address to which the
mail had been delivered.
Arizona sun., 1962-10-04
October 4, 1862

Well Folks, l
They say that something
worth saying is worth saying
again and again!
Well let us say again that
we have something new at
"Reddy's Corner. That some
thing is beautiful new re-
frigerated display case and it
is now full of goodies.
We are always open before
breakfast and we stay open
late enough for you to get
that midnite snack, 6 am.
until / am. are our hours to
be open. i can't possibly
describe all the goodies, fresh
salt PORK, salami, iswieners,
shrimp cocktail and cheese
dip to name but a few 'Tis
best that ycI come by and see
for yourself.
AS Always
Just "Reddy'
Arizona sun., 1962-10-04

Suppose the mailman de-
livers to you a package con-
tanning a necktie, book, key
ring tags or a phonograph
record that you didn't order.
Either with it, or by later
mail, is a bill or request to
remit the price.
Do you know your obligations,
assuming you don't want the
merchandise? Must you re-
turn it? Must you keep it, or
can you throw it away?
Generally speaking, recipi-
ents of unordered merchandise
are under no obligation (a)
to return it; (b) to acknow-
ledge its receipt; (c) to pay
for it unless used; Cd to give
it particular care; or (e) to