davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-05-07
THE GREAT SIEGE hv

THE GREAT SIEGE by Ernie
Bradford. 2A4 pp., end
paper map. HArcourt, Brace
and World. $3.50.
Turkey suffered three spec
tacular military defeats dur
ing the course Of the six
teenth century. Two were the
failures of sieges: Those Of
Vienna In 1879 and Malta in
1865. The third was q naval
defeat at the Battle of Lei
panto in 1870. Less than two
decades after Lepanto. the
Ottoman Empire began to de-
cline rapidly. b.
"The Great Siege" by Ernie
Bradford, q writer who
spends as much time as pos
sible at deep water sailing, is
q vivid and thorough study
Of the violent assault on Mall
ia that occupied q good part
of the Turkish fleet and army
for four months during the
spring and summer Of 1865.
Exact figures are irnpossi-
BILE to come by and estimates
vary, but Mr.. Bradford's cali
culations lead to the conclli-
sion that the attacking force
numbered about 10000. There
were only 1000 defenders.
During World War II, Mall
ia was one of the keys to the
Mediterranean. Its strategic
position was no different In
the 10th century.
'"Within its magnificent
harbors," writes Mr.. Brad
ford, the Sultan would be
able to shelter his 1leets,
which would then be free for
the conquest Of Sicily and
Southern Italy. The island
was small, but it could be the
fulcrum to the lever with
which he might make the
Mediterranean q Turkish
lake. From 1t he could strike
at what a later war leader
called the soft underbelly OF
Europe
THE MALTESE ISLANDS
WERE HELD by the Order OF
st. John. to which they had
been presented by Emperor
Charles v Of Spain In 1880
To understand the siege, one
must understand the Order,
Mr.. Bradford's brief descfip-
ton Of its history and or
ganiZation, strengths ano
weaknesses In o perfect model
OF intelligent and lucid sum-
mary. ess 50
Indeed, this ability to pre-
sent essentials with complete
clarity and to draw the
sprawling facts into an alb
solutely logical structure Il
one Of Mr.. Bradford's great
strengths. and the quality
that makes the book such 9
pleasure to read.
The topography Of the is.
lands, the military organiza.
ton of the combatants, and
the course Of events them.
Evening star., 1962-05-07
For School Prayer

When / went to school, q
good many years ago. we had
devotional exercises for is
minutes every morning. We
recited the Lords Prayer and
sang a hymn. We also COM
mitted to memory the 23d
Psalm and Twelfth Ecclesi-
astes-meritorious as litera-
ture apart from any other
considerations and recited
them in unison on occasion.
All this did us no harm. In
fact we turned out to be
pretty decent citizens.
Opponents Of devotional
exercises would have q better
case If children received any
ethical training in the home.
but the records Of juvenile
crime and vandalism indicate
that a good many receive no
such training at all, quite the
contrary.
Compulsion? Isn't it. COM
pulsion when parents insist
on bringing up children In
their own image? It is rea-
sonable to excuse children
from devotional exercises II
the parents wish them to be
excused, but is it q valid ar
gument that such children
might be shocked to find that
they are in q minority? After
all, they win find it out SOON
er or later. and children are
resilient. Nonconformity Is
no, sin. I doubt that Roger
Williams or Anne Hntchin-
son ever worried unduly
about community opinion. q;
Somehow I had the idea
that America was a land of
religious toleration. Tclera-
ton has usually implied ma
jority respect for minority
opinion. But the majority OF
people in this country are
nominally protesting Chris
tians. If turnabout Is fair
play, why not liberation for
majority opinion too? Most
Americans probably favor de-
votional exercises in the
schools, and there Is certain
ly need for ethical training
somewhere along the line,
TmM GAwAaAmm
Evening star., 1962-05-07

measures. A.A. supplies only
the latter.
If Mr.. Mccarthy would like
to meet patients who have
been cured and freed not only
of their alcoholic addiction,
but of their underlying emo
tional problems. I would be
pleased to have him interview
some.
Michael NJ. Miller, MD.
Evening star., 1962-05-07
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDriters' correct
names and addresses. All let
ters are subject to condensa-
tion. Those not used tDtu be
returned only tohen accom-
panied By self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1962-05-07
A BOOK FOR TO-DAY
The Story Of q Turkish Siege
By DONALD MINTZ

selves are set down so, that
the reader is never confused.
notifications are described.
and there is q glossary Of the
most important military
terms Of the time. p
Mr.. Bradford devotes some
attention to the collective
personalities Of the forces in
volyed and their attitudes to-
wards $ warfare and each
othereI There lis q most in-1
teresting sketch OF. the char
acter and career of the brill
liant strategist and psy-
chologist who was the archi-
tect Of Malta's victory, the
Grand Master of the Order,
Jean Parisot de Ia Valette.
The victory was due to Ia
Vallete's skill, the valor Of his
men, and q few major Turk
ish errors. But as always,
Implanted and unexpected
strokes of luck also played q
role. All these factors are
explained and evaluated.
THE HEART OF THE
STORY Is the fighting itself,
and Mr.. Bradford's style is
equal to the challenge Of de-
scribing It: Nearly 1000
Turkish aruuebusiers spread
themselves in q great curve
from the water on Marsa-
muscetto. across the dip be-
low Mount Sciberras. over
toward Grand Harbor. They
opened q devastating fire on
the en1brasures Of the fort.
Ladders, scaling irons, and
improvised bridges made Of
rnasts and sparS were drag
eed down into that ditch
where the bodies of So many
Of the flower of the Sultan's
army were already black and
bursting from the summer
heat" 10y
Here is a Turkish charge.
"Piali's troops swept over the
ditch in front Of the ram
parts Of CASTLE. half filled
as 1t was with the rubble from
the walls. They burst into q
yawning breach where whole
sections of the main wall
had given way. Impatient Of
victory, they surged forward
into what appeared to be the
undefended space, only to
find themselves confronted
: by q further interior wall.
The troops who had
poured in through the outer
breach now came under o
withering fire from the gar
rison. Caught in that narrow
corridor between one, wall
and another, and unable to
turn back because the weight
Of numbers relentlessly
pressed them forwards, they
were slaughtered in. their
hundreds"
The Siege of Malta was a
major political as well as
military event. Mr.. Bradford
has done justice to all its
varied and complex aspects
with the most admirable q
clarity and sense ofstructure.
Evening star., 1962-05-07

@. What is the frog" type
of breathing that some polio
patients use? N. A. 7.a
A. The patient takes a lit
tie air in his mouth. then
forces it through the larynx
and into. the lungs with his
tongue. He repeats the proc
esS until he gets a full breath.
BY gulping air in this way
(as Q frog does) some IRON
hung patients have been able
to lengthen greatly the time
they could breathe outside
the iron lung. l"
@. Is the story Of the little
Evening star., 1962-05-07

without questioning that
public opinion surveys have
their undeniably useful as
pects,. it still seems permis-
Sible 10 wonder whether this
has not become q slightly
poll-happy Nation.
Any claim of whatever ma
ture that may be made these
days often is examined not on
the old-fashioned test of
whether 1t looks inherently
sound or unsound. Rather,
there is the simple touch
stone: What do "they"-and
they" means some unde-
fined group Of pollees some
where-Say about it?
Polling Is Easy
Is a proposed high policy
sensible or not on its own
essential facts? ANY pollster
firm will get you the answer,
by asking unknown numbers
Of citizens, including house
wives peering at the television
screen over the automatic
diShwasher and firemen mo-
mentarily at thoughtful lei
sure at the station house. s.
The replies are solemnly
added up and you have your
answer: Seventy one and
nine-tenths of the American
people believe such and such;
IL and three-tenths per cent
believe so and so, and the
rest kindly ask to be excused.
How many of the respondents
know anything about the sub
ject In the first place? On
this, the pollster's data are
silent. A,.-,...
And once all this tremen-
dously important information
Is in hand. the people re-
sponsible for making high
policy decisions will go right
ahead and make them, pre-
cisely as they would have
done had polling never been
heard Of.
Then there Is another form
Of polling-and surely the
oldest of them all. The poll
ticians in New York have
lately taken to running polls
frankly described as RE
publican polls" or Demo
cratic polls" Since these are
paid for strictly by the party
involved, hardy skeptics
might suspect that the poll
sters are not likely to turr
in results which will be
Evening star., 1962-05-07
Courtroom Shorts

isn't it a bit incongruous
that. in the Supreme Court Of
the United States, attorneys
for the Government show re-
spect by donning tails, while
spectators nonchalantiy stroll
into the courtroom In polo
shirts and Bermuda shorts2
Karen z. NTargOlis
Evening star., 1962-05-07

Dutch boy who put his finger
in a dixie to hold back the
sea fact or fiction2 L. L.
A. The boy was entirely fic-
tional, the creation Of Mary
Mapes Dodge. an American,
in "Hans Brinker: or. The
Silver Skates. However. o
statue to the boy was un-
veiled at Spaarndam, the
Netherlands, in June 1850.
The inscription at its base
reads: Dedicated to our
youth to honor the boy who
symbolizes the perpetual
struggle Of Holland against
the water"
Evening star., 1962-05-07

unforeseen complications beyond the
control of the workmen and the FAA,
the huge air terminal viii finally be. in
business by early fall. That should be
an occasion for real celebration.
Evening star., 1962-05-07
Questions and Answers
By THE HASKIN SERVTC

san set by man, to any question e fact by
acioss postage sfaddressed stamped envelope
Evening star., 1962-05-07

q. Is the story OF the little
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-02
New PIunt-Testin
Booklet Published

A new booklet entitled plant
Testing" which the more So
phisticated gardner might find
useful has just been published.
Printed by the American Pot
ash Institute, the handbook
features some Of the Nations
leading authorities on plant
analysis. It is designed pri-
marily as a teaching and re-
search aid rather than as a
popular application approach.
However. each article is con-
cluded with a grade yourself"
section Of true-false statements
from which the advanced gard
ner might find IL fun TO check
his score.
A copy can be obtained by
writing for PLANT Testing
Booklet, Dept. BE-, American
Potash Institute, ll02 Sixteenth
street NV, Washington 8,
D. G.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-02
Dunk House Plants

Many house plants suffer
from one or more Of the COM
mon plant pests-mealy bug.
red spider mite and the cycla-
men mite. These pests are not
easy to control at best and be-
cause the materials used are
more or less toxic and should
not be used indoors in q closed
room, their control must be
done with care.
Also. it should be noted that
the materials commonly used to
control these pests kill only the
adults = not the eggs or the
nymphs. Thus to be effective
they should be repeated at 4 to
s day intervals for at least
three times. Malathion. Ara
mite. kelthane, ETC.. are usually
obtainable.
Rather than spray It may be
advisable to dunk" the plants
in the solution, but do not
immerse the pot unless it be
necessary to get the solution
into the crown of the plant. If
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-02
PLANTS DAMAGED
BY BIG HORNETS

From wide areas have
come reports Of bark hav-
ing been torn off stems OF
lilac, rhododendron, an
dromeda and azalea, with
serious girdling resulting.
Similar injury has been de-
tected on branches Of birch,
willow and poplar.
DR.. Edward j. Duda, d.
rector Of Bartlett Tree Re-
search Laboratories, says
this is the work of giant
hornets, perhaps the larg-
est hornet in the United
States. The insects use
shredded bark for nests in
hollow trees or attached to
stone walls and caves of
buildings. Although the
damage to trees and shrubs
has been done, bark trac-
ing now may help. Next
August treat the stems Of
the favored shrubs and
trees with a DOT slurry to
prevent renewed damage by
the hornets.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-02
THIS WEEK
IN YOUR GARDEN

A bit Of respite from the
heavy rainfall gave gardeners
an opportunity to survey their
gardens during the past week
end. The soil in many areas
was too wet for bulb planting
or the setting out Of roses,
trees and shrubs. However, by
mid-week it was dry enough
for bulb planting and even
spading Of vacant areas.
Bulb planting should be
pushed whenever time and soil
conditions permit. Set the tulip
bulbs at least 6 inches below
ground level, otherwise they are
likely to divide and send up
several flower stems rather
than one tall one with q large
flower. Do not fertilize tulips.
That, too, may cause the bulbs
to divide and produce several
small flowers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-02
Crocus Abundant

Crocus bulbs (corms) seem to
be plentiful in. many stores.
They should be widely planted
to give the earliest spring color
to the garden. They are mex
pensive and viii persist for sew
eral years If the squirrels do not
dig and eat them.
A piece Of 1z-inch hardware
cloth may be laid over the
bulbs and will protect them
from squirrels and other hun
cry varmints. Set the bulbs
about 4 inches deep and space
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-02
Greens Show
Even Features
Currier-IVes

THE Beautiful Hours Of
Christmas" is the theme Of the
tenth annual Christmas Greens
exhibition Of the National Cap
ital Garden Club League to
to be held in the Unite d
States Botanic Garden. Mary
land avenue and First street
S.w.
The formal opening will be at
2 pm. December 4. The show
Is open to the public from 9
am. to 9 pm. on December 5
and from 8 am. to 4 pm.
through December 9.
Christmas decorations of all
manner will be featured, from
table and mantel decorations
to miniatures, half trees. and
large trees. Wreaths Of various
kinds. bells and even books
will be used as q theme. A
novel exhibit will be those car
rying out the Currier and Ives
prints. They may include fur
niture and accessories Of the
period as accessories.
Mrs. Francis L. Casey, jr., Is
chairman and Mrs. Thomas
F. Ladson vice chairman. Other
members Of the exhibition
committee are: Mrs. L. H
Kimmel, secretary; Mrs. Joe
White. treasurer; Mrs. George
G.. Lair, schedule; Mrs. Edward
McKie, staging; Mrs. John H
RixSe, jr., consultants; Mrs
Humphrey Daniel. jr., public
relations; Mrs. James c. Cook
hostesses; Mrs. Charles v
Shannon. entries; Mrs. Benja-
min Habberton, lettering, anc
Mrs. Louis Mayola, music.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-02


gardeners grow this rewarding
and frugal plant in q semi
shaded corner of the garden.
Handsome leaves bring forth
white or purple flowers which
are transformed into snowy,
pea7green pods over the sum-
mer months.
AS soon as the four or five
seeds inside the disks become
conspicuous, I pull the entire
plant and let it dry in a con-
venient place. I never wait I'M
til they become yellow and brit
tie. After they are harvested, I
forget them until I need some
thing light and ethereal for an
enduring arrangement.
Honesty" pays its biggest
beauty dividend as a simmer
ing, fragile group silhouetted
against a sunny window. Vince
you buy the dried lunaria. it
comes all stripped Of seed and,
as a rule, you select the strong
est stalks with the most plenti-
full silvery pennies. Actually the
weaker or less sturdy growth,
that with a more delicate char
acter, offers the greatest lee
way for an arrangement.
When you select from your
own harvest, you feel that you
would like to rub all the little
disks to remove the dark seeds
which snuggle under two outer
sheets against a silvery center
membrane. Don't, because a
variety Of appearance, q change
in light reflection and an in
teresting X-ray pattern Of dark
seed a gainst an Illuminated
background are all yours II you
leave some Of them in their
place.
When you arrange. begin by
concentrating entirely on a
pleasant loose silhouette above
any light container Of your
choice. I prefer using glass for
this arrangement because its
transparency adds to thu
fragile quality. I place a small
piece Of an adhesive white plas-
tic against a suitably cut stem
and press 1t firmly into the de-
sired place. This marvellous aid
eliminates mechanical troubles
by adhering firmly to the bot
tom the sides and other stems,
and I can reuse 1t.
After the outline Is TO your
satisfaction, unite the con-
tainer usually with your tall
lines. Take some heavily seeded
pieces Of the plant. cut them
short and place them in the
center toward the front. You
will achieve q degree Of sub
stance at the base and good
balance to control your fragile
wealth
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-02
Springfield Acres
PIuns Home Show

Four Springfield, Va, resi-
dences are included in the
Christmas Home Show and
Bazaar Of the Springfield Acres
Garden Club to be held from
/ to 6 pm. on December 8.
The home tour will begin at
$40 Cranberry street. where
maps and programs will be
available. Included also will be
artistic designs interpreting
six well known Christmas car
OILS. a horticultural division and
educational division.
Proceeds will go toward land
scaping the proposed Richard
Byrd Library.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-02
Spade for Vegetables

Spade an area now for the
early spring paintings Of on
ions, cabbage, lettuce. spinach
and peas. Chopped leaves and
partially-rotted compost spaded
under now will be decayed by
spring and the soil improved.
Do not attempt to rake or pull
verize the soil when spading at
this season. Frost will pulver-
lie it and q raking In the
spring will make 1t ready for
planting.
II the privet hedge needs
trimming it can be done now
without likelihood Of new growth
appearing which might be in
jured by winter freezes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-02
Forced Blooms Can
Brighten Winters Sere

giving the number Of bulbs in
each pot. For example, 1t is al
most standard practice to have
six tulips and three daffodils,
except the smaller ones, which
may call for five or six in a
pot.
Hyacinths are often planted
one to q 4-inch pot and three
to a 6-inch pot. The pots COM
monty used for forcing these
bulbs are usually referred to as
bulb pans and are quite shall
low.
The soil mixture for forcing
bulbs is usually made from
equal parts of garden loan,
sand and compost or peatmoss
To this might be added dehy-
drafted COW manure and bone
meal. The soil for the tulips,
however. should not have the
COW manure.
The tropicals need about the
same soil mixture. although
there is q wide difference OF
opinion whether q heavy soil
mixture is better than q loose,
airy one. Apparently the bulbs
are tolerant and thrive in ell
ther type.
Remember Tropicals
The tropicals should not be
overlooked since they common
ly may be brought into bloom
much earlier than can the tu-
lips, hyacinths, etc. This varies
between the different kinds as
well as divisions within q
group. It is now possible with
some Of the newer types to
have amaryllis in bloom by the
holidays provided they are pot
ted UP early enough. Bulbs
should be planted in warm (6O
to SIS degree) soil.
The Haemanthus is a winter
bloomer, and others may be
persuaded to appear in January
and February. Some Of the ten.
der bulbs, such as the nerinC
and the vallota, may not b
feasible because they want {
very cool situation.
One other point. Most Of
the tender bulbs should be KEEP
growing through feeding anC
watering to insure the bull
maintaining vigor and size fol
another seasons bloom. Man!
of them should not be watereC
after potting until new growth
appears. then watered freel!
and fed once every two weeks
Most window gardeners Civ,
the same care to their tulips
daffodils and hyacinths. How
ever, it is seldom worth thei
effort to try to keep the tulip
and the paper-white narcissu
for a second blooming. tn,
daffodils and the hyacinth
will respond and can be planteC
in the yard in the fall. They ar
usually too weak to be used TO
two consecutive winters o
forcing.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-02

them at least 4 inches apart.
1t is too late to take green
wood cuttings of roses and too
early to take cuttings Of ever
greens for roofing indoors. Late
December and early January is
the period for taking dormant
cuttings Of both the deciduous
shrubs and roses and of the
conifers and boxwoo1
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-02
GARDEN CLUB
ACTIVITIES

BIRCHwOOD CITY GARDEN CLUB
Thursday. pm; at home Of Mrs
Lois Ferguson, 5213 Fenwood avenue
Sc. annual Christmas party. Hostess
C MiHR ssGYst GARDEN CLUB. Thurs
day. s pm, in CheVerIy Md Tuxedo
School cafeteria, annual Christmas
CLEVELAND PARK GARDEN CLUE,
Monday, pm" demonstration on
Park Library, and on making Christmas
cookies December and at 10 am.
IL home Of Mrs. Eleanor Friedman.
sos siLv Rsfsh s isssss N'G GARDEN CLUB,
Monday, Z pm, Christmas workshop
and dinner, In Argyle Recreation Cen
ter. Mrs. Ruth Stitt Is hostess. Mrs.
Dorothy Keury program chairman.
KENWO0D GARDEN CLUB, Monday,
Workshop on ported plants for Chill
dren's Hospital and Christmas decora-
GARDEN CLUB OF COLEsvMLE.
MONDAY % a. cSssys
ton By MS. Floyd Smith,
BELTSvILLE GARDEN CLUB,
"wednesday; pm at Beitsyiil 1s,i El E,
schG b1n st raUs Re
Illustrated talk on Views of European
RoCK CREEK GARDEN CLUB,
Msdns ssrss s issS asoi st sS@s Of
srtts avenue NV. Demonstration. BY
NEIGHBORS, INC. GARDEN CLUB,
Wednesday, pm. at home Of George
e9lsma IS4 42S 0 STSs sIFset nv
DEN CLUB. Thursday, at home Of Mrs:
Lillian r. Mccoy. sos Columbia road
NV. Christmas arrangements dis
cussion BY Harvard w. Jones:
AV9NDALE GAkDEN CLUE CLUB. Tn T,,s
sens Bank Of Maryland, second floor,
Eastern avenue and Queens Chapel
road. Leroy M. Rubottom Of Hilkrest
Florists will give q Christmas arrange
CAPITOL HILL GARDEN CLUB,
Sunday. December .. 4-6 pm, annual
Christmas teas at home Of Mrs. John
cI is r. M Locke .n SsEG a
9n Fails Il 'e CSHHSujRcH GARDEN CLUE.
Tuesday, pm. at Mt. Daniel School,
Falls. Church. Va. Christmas. program
makins demonstratlon By Benton J.
Stone. Mrs. H. J. Trees Is hospitality
SARipEN CLUE OF CHEVY CHASE,
Grafton street, Chevy Chase. Nd.
Hostesses Mrs. Henry Ravensl and Mrs.
b. Francis Saul, James O. Cross as
sistant principal. Kensington Junior
High School, will speak.
WOODBRIDGE GARDEN CLUB. Tues
day, 8 pm. annual Christmas party
in educational building OF McKendree
Methodist Church, Rhode Island and
South Dakota avenues NE Talk on
decorations by Mary Allen Ellis.
WOODMO0R GARpEN CLUB
j. y r. FLOYD. crownWood road,
Dunlogsin, .Ellicott City, Nd. Christmas
recipe exchange, members 70 bring
FOREST GLEN GARDEN CLUE
Monday, 3 pm. at Glen carlyn. Ele-
mentary School. Mrs. Glen r, Wester
will give demonstration on Christmas
decorations Hostesses, Mrs. John
connally, Mrs. Lauritz styve and Mrs,
'WoopRIDSSE GREEN THUMBS
Sons = M. ~? jan, ssss. $50 Fa wei
second street NE.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-02
Fast Blooms

The forced lily-of-the valley
pips are one Of the easiest flow
ers to force for indoor bloom.
Place the pips in gravel, peat
moss or soil and set in a warm
sunny place. They will bloom in
about three weeks. depending
upon the warmth. Other bulbs,
corms and roots must be placed
in q cool, dark situation until
rooted before bringing into
warmth for forcing.
w. H.Y.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-02
Younqmun to Speak

w. H. Youngman. Star Gar
den editor, will discuss "An
African Safari-Places. People
and Flowers" tomorrow at 8
pm. before the Brookland Gar
den Workshop. The group will
meet In the home Of Mrs.
Charles Tucker, 5000 Seven
tenth street NE.