davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29
Costly Punctuation

The most bizarre space-age cpl
sode OF the week hung on an
equally unrelated art - that of
sentence punctuation. Scientists
disclosed that the reason q Venus
shot veered off course last Sunday
and had to be blown up was a
missing hyphen.
Experts failed to include the
hyphen in feeding data into a
computer that controlled the
spacecraft's flight. It's absence
caused the wrong radio signals
and a veering flight.
Cost of the destroyed vehicle:
$18.500 900.
Elsewhere in aeroSpace develop
mentS, two unions needed PreSi-
dent Kennedy's plea to delay a
strike for go days against missile
and aircraft makers. About 100, 900
workers are involved.
Not so successful was an admin
istration formula presented by
Labor Secretary Arthur Goldberg
to break the deadlock between
Eastern Air Lines and the Flight
Engineers union.
His plan: Submit all issues on
pay to arbitration, and settle the
jet crew dispute on the basis of
an earlier TWA pact. The union
went along with the idea, but
Eastern refused. At weeks end,
most Of the lines 1924 daily
flights across the Nation were still
grounded.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29
TeIstor:
FHibuster

Use of TelStar to transmit
televiSiOn overseas was hailed
as a archaeological success on
Monday. But a Senate wrangle
erupted later over public YER
suS "private" operation of the
satellite.
The presidential press confer
ence, never a very intimate affair
since TV cameras made their en-
trance in the Eisenhower era,
took on an enormous new dimen-
sion last week.
Some 100 million Europeans
watched President Kennedy field
questions from reporters on nu-
clear tests, medicare, a tax cut
and the gold drain.
While the possibility of an in
ternational incident through some
slip of the tongue must bring grey
hairs to State Department off,
Gals, the historic event went off
smoothly. Networks soon switched
to less hazardous shots of Mount
RuShmore. a herd of buffalo, and
a boy eating waffle pie at the
Seattle Fair, during the telecast.
What began as a scientific feat
turned sour at the political level
four days later. Directing to a
bill permitting private industry
to share responsibility for the
communications satellite with IN
Gle Sam. Senate liberals began a
filibuster.
The tactic blocked action on
money bills to operate the Gov
eminent. farm bill, and a huge
S48.1 billion defense appropria-
ton measure. Party leaders were
confident of ample votes to pass
the administration-backed satel-
lite bill, but the Senate's right of
unlimited debate promised a new
log1am in an already tagging Con-
greSS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29
Red Agents Find Conodion Passports Easy to Get

spying case of last year, when two
convicted Soviet agents were
wrongly identified at first as
Canadians on the basis of their
legally issued, but illegally OBJ
tanned, Canadian passports.
Leon Trotsky reached Mexico on
a false Canadian passport, and
was killed by one Jacson-Mor-
nard Mercador who, ironically,
also carried a Canadian passport
that was originally issued to
someone else.
Tito Even Hold One
Even Marshal Tito of Yugo-
Slavia, during his days as an
agent provocateur for the old
Moscow-b based Comintern, carried
a bogus Canadian passport.
When an inconspicuous cipher
clerk named Igor Gouzenko
walked out of the Soviet embassy
in Ottawa in 1945. with 100 tell
tale documents, his dramatic and
sensational revelations exposed
one of the best-organized, most
dangerous Communist spy net
works ever to operate in the West
ern world.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29

from $627 million to STA billion
from yearly foreign aid bills. AS
an example of what may happen
in 1862, the House last year ap-
proved $4.3 billion aid authorize
tion-but a month later passed an
appropriation of $50 billion.
In other action last week,
Kouse-Senate conferees approved
a $3.7 billion authorization for the
civilian space program, only SAB
million short of an administra-
ton request. 1t includes $1.3 bill
lion for manned space flight, in
GLIDING a moon expedition by
1870.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29
Cut 300 Acres First Day
By ERIC GEIGER
Contributing Writer

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS agents
have considered Canada an i'm
portant and convenient base of
operations for more than 30 years.
Canadian passports, in particu-
lar, have enjoyed immense popu-
larity with Soviet spies and have
opened doors for them for many
years.
The latest counterfeit Cana
dian" who travelled with an
OttaWa-isSued passport was DR..
Robert Soblen, the convicted So
Wet spy who jumped 100000 bail
in New York. He tried to get into
Israel carrying a passport belong
ing to his brother Beras, a Mont
real engineer who killed himself
in 1857.
Con Get II in the MoiI
The fact that Soblen carried a
Canadian passport may have es-
capped the attention Of most
Americans but it started a minor
controversy in Canada and has
brought renewed demands for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29
Personnel Problems Stir Pentaoon

seas exchanges slightly in order
to make American goods competi-
tive with foreign.
Thus far he has failed to permit
payment of the extra $50 per
month authorized for critical en-
listed specialists in all services in
hopes that they will remain in
service. These men can get $50 or
$50 per month only and then I'M
der very complicated rules which
make civilian life look mighty
good to many.
Money or Men?
Money is again the major prob
lem, although most military Off
GERS would gladly swap a few guns,
tanks or planes from their tight
budgets if they could have the
specialists remain on duty for
longer periods. If this happened
they would get more from their
tremendous training investment
which in some cases ranges as
high as $4,000 over a four-year
enlistment during which the man
may work on his job for a year or
less.
This summer Congress author
lied an increase to SIG per day
in per diem money paid to per-
sonnet who are ordered away from
their home station on duty. Mr..
Mcnamara, in a move to save dol
lars, decreed that these people
must live in military quarters and
eat in military meSses whenever
possible while away. regardless of
the extra time required to get to
these facilities. In addition, he
said that they would pay standard
prices for military meals served
in transit. The result is that a
man flying in a Government plane
must now pay $2.25 for a cold box
lunch If he is in the air at a
normal meal period.
Mileage Allowance Juqqled
The latest blow came when
travel mileage between duty sta
lions was juggled so that a man
driving his car from Washington
to the West Coast and carrying
his family now gets about 500
less for making the trip than he
did before July /.
The man takes a cut because
his travel distance is now figured
by highway, rather than rail, but
there is no consideration given to
the fact that it costs him more
to travel by road, roughly 10 cents
per mile, and that he must pay for
his lodging and food en- route
from his mileage allowance.
In addition, his highway mile
age takes into account all toll
roads which offer the shortest dis
lance between cities, but he can
not collect the cost of the tolls in
addition to his mileage allowance.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29
The Budget Cutter

AS chairman of a House APP
preparations subcommittee handl-
ing aid money, Mr.. PaSSman has
done his bit to puncture the bloat
each year. He claims to have
trimmed well over S. billion from
aid bills since 1855.
Under his rule as chairman, the
12-member panel has slashed
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29
BY TED ]. BUSH
Contributing Writer

The resignation of two original
members of the Defense Depart
ment's top secretariat under the
Kennedy administration leaves
significant void in the vital per-
sonnet area on Defense Secretary
McNamara's staff.
Elvis j. Stair. who left his post
as Secretary of the Army June
30 to become president of Indiana
University and Carlisle P. Runge,
who leaves July 81 to return to
the University Of Wisconsin, were
the only "people-thinker" types
in the senior Defense Department
posts.
The rest Of the top-level per-
sonnet, and the requirements for
both Mr.. Stair and Mr.. Runge, are
"number-thinker" types trained in
business and finance, economics,
corporation law and science. They
are experts in balance sheets, fl
nancial statements, pure and ap-
piled research and organization
charts, but not people.
Mr.. Runge and Mr.. Stair.
though both lawyers. have been
associated with people through
education throughout most of their
poSt-college careers. Mr.. Runge
was an assistant United States
District Attorney in Wisconsin be-
fore he turned to teaching law.
The former Army Secretary
majored in American literature as
an undergraduate and then stu
died law as a graduate student
before turning to education.
Money and Personnel
AS the Kennedy Administration
heads for the halfway mark of
the current presidential term. per-
sonnet looms big as a military
problem.
Mr.. Mcnamara has frequently
said that his instructions from
the President were simple: First,
find what this country needs in
the way Of a military force and,
second, build this force at the
lowest possible cost.
Most will agree that Mr.. Nc
Namara has done much to boil
ster our military. Within the
service, and among some civilians,
it is agreed that he has cut costs
at the expense Of the military per-
sonnet. Many also believe that
his military personnel programs
have been the weakest part Of his
total effort to build the necessary
force.
Mr.. Mcnamara got some tough
breaks during the early months of
his regime. He inherited balance
Of payments problem caused by
tremendous dollar expenditures
overseas and the Berlin crisis was
thrust upon him during the sum-
mer of 1861.
His approach to the gold-dollar
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29
Federal Pay Hike

Signed into law was a welfare
bill placing new emphasis on re-
Mobilization. The measure raises
public assistance payments by
$40 million a year and offers a
way out for the hopeless repeater"
families on the dole year after
year.
The House Post Office Commit
tee also cleared the way for a $12
billion raise spread over two years
for IL million Federal employees.
But it rejected a scheme by the
President to create q "supergrade"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29
Bio Defense Fund

Armed with such statistics,
President Kennedy early this year
asked Congress to appropriate $40
billion for foreign aid in fiscal
1868. 1t was the biggest aid re-
quest since EiSenhower's $5.1 bill
lion blockbuster in 1858.
Congress has slammed the door
on many administration requests
this year in domestic schemes such
as medicare, but it has voted with
a non-partisan spirit in foreign
affairs, including trade, the Peace
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29

planted the long, lovely avenue
Of elms that lead up to the brick
house he built in 1947. All seven
of his children went to the one
room school that still stands at
the edge of his wheat fields. He
remembers the mortgage foreclos-
ures in the late Twenties, the dust
storms in the Thirties, the Ku
Klux Khan cross that burned at
crossroads in town when they put
up the first Catholic church in
Grant. In good times and bad,
he kept faith with the farm.
Cut 300 Acres First Day
By 4 o'clock the wind came up
and the first cloud appeared in
the sky, but the cutting continued
until the sun finally dipped in q
pink slate sky and the evening
star rose up in the West. More
than 300 acres had been cut.
"Wheat's getting tough now,
better shut them off," Julius called
to his crews. 1t was 8 pm. after
cutting for IL straight hours, the
boys headed back to town for a
big steak and hot shower.
Mrs. Kumor and Mrs. Pfiefer
had elaborated on another mas
sive supper: freshly killed broiler
chicken, a tasty white gravy,
platters trimming with corn,
beans, salad, hot rolls and home
made pineapple upside down cake.
Julius and Joe caught the 9
o'clock news on television, then
relaxed over their big cigars while
Vicky went to the upright piano
and played Failing Waters" her
favorite, ION Top of Old Smoky"
Joe's favorite, and a little song
about dolls and princesses that
made the little Pfiefer children
get up and dance.
As the Night FoIIs
The wheat surplus may be with
us long time, as Leo believes,
but it made you wonder if there
ever will be a surplus of people
who love the land and thrill to
the sheer exertion of physical
labor.
When the clock in the hallway
chimed 10, the house already had
settled down to sleep. Shorty, the
dog, curled up in his bed at the
end of Joe's avenue of elms. A
Burlington freight sighed in the
distance. Without the blare of
traffic, without even the head
lights of a car for miles in any
direction, the night seemed hushed
and mysterious, the sky immense
and close and sprinkled with mil
lions of stars. While the COM
bines slept, the prairie once again
became the province of the badger
and the night hawk. Save for the
heat lightning flashing in the far
off sandhills, nothing stirred.
If you were farmer, or Gov
eminent agriculture official, you
could almost hear the wheat grow
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29

Editors NOte-The relentless
red herd Of combines has begun
its bOrder-t0-border trek. Here,
where the sky stretches over
the endless amber grain, meet
the forces of a great American
drama and a great national
problem. Both merge in human
terms when a reporter from the
city rises with the sun and, for
the first time, sees the unfOr-
gettable spectacle of harvest
time In the wheat belt.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29
Continued From Page Ell

Continued From Rage Ell
underdeveloped nations from
Cuba to Afghanistan. Communist
aid pours into projects ranging
from grain elevators to diamond
prospecting advice.
To those who criticize the out
lays in the United States. foreign
aid defenders point to Greece, the
first country rebuilt after World
War II under the program. Today
Greece is stable. Its living stand
ard is rising. 1t is a pivot in any
defense of the Eastern Mediter-
ranean. In the last election,
Greeks voted IS per cent anti
Communist.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29
By HUGH A. MULLIGAN
AD Nauefaaf,tra yuritor

GRANT, Nebr.-Wheat Farmer
Joe Kunor wiped the sweat of
Q harvest day. from his wind
blown brow and gazed out across
the golden prairie.
What he saw pleased him i'm
menSely.
Eight painting combines, bright
red in the morning sun save for
their enormous yellow wooden
reels, moved through the billowy
acres of grain like sturdy ships of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29

problem was Of the balance
sheet" type. He tried to get Ameri-
can service personnel to buy more
in the military exchanges and less
on the foreign markets. In doing
so, he tried to substitute American
for foreign products then available
in overseas exchanges. Exchange
prices went up. personnel bought
more "in town" than they had
previously and the dollar problem
was not helped. In fact, it was
hurt and, as one senior officer
said, The loss in exchange profits
cost a lot of ball diamonds and
American picnics overseas which
had formerly been financed from
these profits"
Those Who Sacrificed
There was little apparent
thought given to the effect on
servicemen's morale when the mil
itary was asked to make big sacri-
fees to save dollars while Ameri-
can tourists including Govern
ment officials and their wives
could spend unlimited amounts of
money.
Then came the Berlin foul-ups.
The Army and Air Force prob
lens on recall we're aired in the
papers. Dependents of all services
were stopped from travelling to
Europe at Government expense as
a precaution against getting mill
tary families caught in Europe If
a war started. When the crisis
eased, the travel ban was extended
to cut down the dollar expendi-
lures by military overseas. The
ban was lifted on June /.
In his zeal to make regulations
apply equally to all services, Mr..
Mcnamara ordered all travel by
dependents to Europe stopped. He
ignored the fact that 81 per cent
of the dependents in Europe were
Of Army and Air Force personnel
there on long tours. The Navy and
Marine Corps, which use European
duty to give men an opportunity
to live with their families between
assignments at sea, were hit too.
The result was a blow to their
morale. Some men were forced to
spend three consecutive tours
without their families.
During this same period Nc
Namara missed several chances to
give the military some balancing
rewards" He blocked an increase
in allowances for housing by Or
dering a new study of the situa-
ton, although studies made dur
ing the early months of his tenure
indicated such an increase was
long overdue. The last increase
came in 1852 and that was short
of the rise in rentals based on
1912 prices.
Some observers believe he
muffed a chance to help the
dollar problem by substituting over
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29

The six cents per mile author
lied is not the maximum allowed
, by law, either. The rate could be
hiked to 10 cents-but it has not
been. Another So million is thus
shaved from military income in
an era Of increasing prices.
All Of these decisions have
ignored the people thinking"
aspects of operating the Defense
Department. Each one was made
with an eye on the total dollar
cost of the Defense Establish
ment. The decisions ignored the
back door" losses which come
when a man in whom $50 900 for
training is invested the cost Is
above 100000 for pilots-goes
home because he can earn more
money as a civilian and not have
the inconvenience of military
life.
Housing Increase Delayed
The Secretary did get a new
law which will give military per-
sonnet an average 1875 per cent
increase in their housing allow
ance. but he held up the effective
date for six months to save $160
million in his fiscal 1868 budget.
In testimony before Congress he
admitted that the increase is past
due but held out for the money.
saving later date.
There is strong evidence that
neither Mr.. Stair nor Mr.. Runge
ever were pant Of the inner circle
of Mr.. McNamara's administration
in the Pentagon. 1t is clear that
both were requested to leave. Mr..
Stair was the goat for the Army's
recall fiasco. which both he and
Mr., Runge as Army and National
Guard reserve officers respectively,
could foresee.
Mr.. Runge apparently tried
hard. but he never could impress
the defense chief with personnel
needs. He was loyal to his boss
and never complained, although
at one point reporter asked him
a question about reserve releases
and Mr.. Runge exploded saying,
Il can't answer that because they
never tell me a thing"
Another reporter observed last
year that Mr.. Mcnamara would
probably make some great decis-
ions and some terrible ones during
his time in the Pentagon. The
Secretary may be headed for some
more Of the latter type unless he
gets somsone in his office who
understands that the United States
military establishment must have
good men as we'll as good weapons
to be effective and that men
capable Of understanding modern
weapons are also capable Of re-
alizing when their creature com
forts" are being sacrificed in order
to make the numbers come out
even on a balance sheet.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29

aimed at attracting top executives
to Government.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29

And, significantly, one of the
networks purposes was to forge
and obtain false Canadian pass
ports.
The Gouzenko case caused
Canadians for the first time to
fully realize the extent of Com
munist espionage activities in
their country.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29
Other Incidents

SInSI INCIDENTS
Other eye opening incidents
followed in rapid succession.
Toronto Communist Sam Carr
was jailed six years in 1949 for
uttering a forged passport on be-
half of Soviet agent.
And in 1855 a spy-ring was ex-
posed at the Czechoslovak legation
in Ottawa which used blackmail
in its attempts to recruit agents
among political refugees from be-
hind the Iron Curtain.
ASyear later G. F. Popov. second
secretary of the Soviet Embassy in
Ottawa, was expelled for trying
to get secret information on a jet
interceptor which was then under
development.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29
Quick Lunch Break

Lunch for the harvest hands
was a 15-minute break for
sandwich, tomato, a peach and
a glass of milk, served on the
tail gate of Julius pickup truck.
Leo headed back to his house and
sat down to a hot meal of ham,
peas, potatoes, salad and straw
berry shortcake. His pretty wife,
Charlotte, shushed their two small
children so Leo could listen to the
weather, the market prices and
the news, as he did every day
at noon.
The man on the radio was tell
ing about an organization called
the Committee for Economic De-
velopment which was recommend
ing that at least two million
farmers quit and find something
else to do. Leo didn't say any,
thing. but like everyone else
around the table he must have
been thinking.
What would it be like for old
Joe to leave the farm? When he
came there 40 years ago, in
answer to the World War 1 Slo-
gan Go West, Break the Sod and
Win the War" only the windmill
and the house Leo occupies stood
on the land.
Twenty five years ago, Joe
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1962-07-12
Awards Given
To Club Women

The Cerebral Palsy Associa-
ton of Montgomery Co... pre-
sented it's Silver Award to two
local woman's clubs at the
recent annual meeting.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1962-07-12

ried a star crescent bouquet of
t e h cred carnations inter
spersed with white velvet
leaves.
Miss Muriel Chamberlin, New.
port, N. H., the brides cousin
was her maid of honor. Her
pink organza gown was floor,
length, and she wore matching
net mits and headband. She
carried white-feathered carna.
tons and pink sweetheart roses
attached to white lace fan.
Miss Mary Jane Middleton,
Jacksonville, Fla, was the jun
ior bridesmaid. Her full-length
gown was of light blue and she
wore matching mits and head
piece with a short veil. Her
flowers were white-feathered
carnations and blue delpheniums
attached to white lace fan.
The brides sister, Marie, was
the flower girl. She was dressed
in a blue floor-length organza
gown and carried a basket of
pink, blue and white flowers.
The groom chose Paul Hess,
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1962-07-12

bouquet of tinted shasta daisies.
Ronnie Sauder, tour-year-old
son of Mr.. and Mrs. Leroy
Sauder. was Bible bearer. He
was attired in a small summer
tuxedo similar to that worn by
his father and the other grooms-
men.
Mr.. Leroy Sauder, Takoma
Park, was best man. Mr.. Don
aid McAdams, Takoma Park,
Mr.. John L. Ford, Olney and Mr.
Carl Schneider, Silver Spring,
brother of the bride. were
groomsmen. Ushers were the
Messrs. Lester Mohr, Aaron
Slater, Robert Hayes, Dennis
brother of the groom, all of Ia
koma Park, and Mr.. Rolf Me
man of Iona Linda, Calf. Jun
ior ushers were Gregory
Schneider and Dennis Rochester,
brothers of the bride and groom
respectively.
Mr.. Dale Corner OF Takoma
Park was organist, and accom-
panied Mr.. Leroy Peterson,
violinist, and Mr.. Charles Pierce,
baritone, in program of we'd
ding music.
A reception was held in the
auditorium of nearby Takoma
Academy, of which the bride is
a graduate. Here a fountain
pool of brick and natural stone,
with floating flowers, had been
built before a mural of noun.
tain and stream descending to
the pool, and around which an
indoor garden of Towering
vines and groups of small tables
and chairs invited the guests to
linger over refreshments.
The brides mother wore q
gown and matching hat of pale
blue silk organza; her corsage
was a single white orchid sim
liar to that in the brides bou
quet. The groom's mother chose
frock of turquoise embroid
cred silk over taffeta with yelled
hat to match and wore a cor
sage of fragrant white roses