davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-08
British Opposition Leader Is Viewed
At Fault in Talk With Kennedy

pied by a Republican Pres
ident.
Theoretically, the Congress,
being a coordinate branch
of the Government, might be
expected to have direct con-
tact with foreign govern
ments, but under the Con-
stitution the conduct of for
eign relations is defined as
strictly an Executive func-
ton. Little by little, however,
the foreign diplomats in
Washington, including Brit
iSh ambassadors, have de-
parted from the old rule.
The blame, therefore, is not
to be placed on the President
nor on the Secretary of De-
Tense, but on Mr.. GaitSkell
himself, for he alone made
the decision as to whether he
would enter into a discussion
with American officials on
current policies. 1t may have
been indiscreet for him to do
so from a British viewpoint,
but the President is hardly to
be blamed for trying to
win support in Great Britain
when anyone asks for his
views.
It will be recalled that
Senator Hubert Humphrey
of Minnesota and Adlai Ste
venSon, both prominent in
the Democratic Party, had
lengthy interviews with So
Wet Premier Khrushchev in
Moscow while President Eli
Senhower was in the White
House. Also, British opposi-
ton party leaders have con-
ferred with the Soviet Pre-
mier in Moscow from time to
time.
It is being limited in Lon
don that Prime Minister
Macmillan and Defense Min
lister Watkinson have been
displeased by President Ken
nedy's action in briefing Mr..
Gaitskell. This, of course,
introduces a very different
factor. For it is certainly
desirable that an American
President should not offend
the head of any foreign min
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-08
Big USlS Program in Rome Criticized
AS Emphasizing Our Weaknesses

ROME. - There is proba-
bly, no way the American
public can learn how its tax
money is being spent abroad
on various projects such as
economic and military aid
and the USIS. With the
papers filled to bursting with
the growing list of crises all
over the world there is no
space for the humdrum
activities Of Americas chief
exports.
But anyone living abroad
has an opportunity to see
first hand some of the uses
of American tax money.
Americans in Rome, for in
stance. are able to read about
Gas well as attend) the
activities of the USIS as listed
in the Rome Daily American.
Your reporter never
glances at this monthly an
nouncement without having
the greatest sympathy and
admiration for the cultural
attache. 1t must be the hard
est kind of work to think up
the many lectures, musicals
and such, and so unreward-
ing. There is no medal of
merit for this tedious work.
But the attache has plenty
of help. The USIS has in
Rome some rs American en-
ployes and a number of
Italians. The sole job of
these employees is to bring
American culture and infor-
nation to Rome.
Ask what the Romans can
didly think about our vast
expenditure for information,
culture and Sell America"
projects, they merely Shrug-
it's just a popularity of the
Americans and they have be-
come used to it.
Just to give some idea of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-08
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

It's great country. All systems CO. fact some Re-
publicans want to kdnap John Genn-and make the
two-party system CO.
Russia it can't accept motor tourists this
because all hotel booked Well, that's
provemen Used to be, motorists couldn't Russia
because all hotel rooms were plugged
Treasury Boss Dillon hints at income tax reduc
tons The theory that anybody smart enough the
go cent bracket too smart to get caught in it,
TV networks missed the boat Jacqueline KennedyS
trip India Think of the rating she'd get for guided
tour of the Tai Mahal
The moral of Glenn Pilot Powers cases
to be that there's more room at the top.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-08
RALPH McGILL
Meony and the Public Interest

of the contending parties.
The present ritual of bar
gaining is less and less bar
gaining and more and more
flexing of economic muscles.
1t will not sit we'll if manage
ment and labor, in their ne
gotiations, take on "a public
be-damned" image. That
they are beginning to appear
so to an increasing number
OF persons is undiSputed.
The younger leaders in la
Dor do not agree with Mr..
Meany. He presently has the
support of others who are of
the same vintage in labor's
hierarchy. But surely there
are enough responsible mem
berS and officers in the ALL
C1O to remind him that old
policies in organization are
not effective. There is admit
ted need for new procedures
and techniques. White-collar
workers annually increase, as
the 500 allied blue-collar
workers decline. The former
are not attracted by the old
methods and philosophy.
Mr.. Meany's criticism of
Secretary Goldberg reveals a
thought process quite out of
line with what the Secretary
really said, as well as with
the facts of our national life.
The public, or the national
welfare, represents a third
force in the making of labor
contracts that cannot much
longer be ignored. For a re-
SponSible leader of labor in
effect to deny its existence is
not reassuring.
A few days after Mr..
Meany's criticism he was sec
onded by a few industrial
lists. That some leaders in in
dustry and labor should Join
Mr.; Meany is equally dis
turbing.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-08
Foreign Visitors to the President

istry by secret conferences
with his political opponents.
1t may be that another rule,
long since abandoned, may
have to be restored. 1t pro-
vides that arrangements for
all meetings between distin-
guished foreigners and Amer
lean officials should be
handled by the foreign en-
bassies in Washington. If Mr..
Gaitskell, for instance, had
made his appointm e n t
through the British Embassy
here, it is conceivable that
there might have been less
objection to it in London.
But even so, the President
cannot be expected to sit by
and watch the Socialist
Labor opposition in Britain
fire away at his international
policies without using every
means at his command to
convince his critics of the
correctness of his own
policies in world affairs.
Mr.. GaitSkell, to be sure,
on his return from Washing
ton did brief the other mem
berS of the Parliamentary
Defense Committee in Britain
on what he learned from
President Kennedy and Sec
cretary Mcnamara. Nothing
was withheld from the British
government itself.
What really troubles the
British government, however,
is that the President is rep
resented as being somewhat
critical of the Macmillan
government in connection
with a lack of defense meas
ures being taken on the con-
tinent of Europe.
But it all boils down to one
important point-differences
between governments should
be ironed out by their respec-
tive foreign offices, and only
when this form of commune
cation breaks down should
controversies be brought into
the open. The risk the Presi-
dent runs in alternating the
Macmillan government is
more important for him to
take into account than win
ming friends in an opposition
party in Britain.
(Copyright, 1862
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-08

the job the cultural attache
has in Rome, here is part of
one months schedule of a
total of Is lectures, movies
and musicals. This particular
month was devoted to Ernest
Hemingway, which may or
may not seem strange to the
Romans, who know that his
first prominent novel was
written from the Communist
side of the Spanish revolu-
ton. The Italians fought on
the other side.
Movies of his books, Fare
well to Arms" THE Killers"
and THE Sun Also Rises"
also were to be shown, al
though they are dated. Then
there was a lecture series
called Homage to Ernest
Hemingway" in English.
Perhaps your reporter is
old fashioned and out of date,
but in his opinion such au-
thorS as Sinclair Lewis and
Zane Grey are better repre-
sensations of America and
American life. Zane Grey
may not have been a great
writer, and his writings not
cultural, but he did write
about our West and our ira
ditions. The Italians are great
fans of Western movies and
Western paperbacks sell in
Rome like hot cakes.
Our cultural attractions
for Romans during this par
ticular month were such lee
lures and roundtable discus
Sions in Italian as Current
Trends in American Music"
IAN Italian Teacher in an
American School," Implied
Factors in the Development
Of Cancer" Interpretations
of Experiences in America"
LAS Others Have Seen Us;
Some Disappearing Lady Wis
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-08
DORIS FLEESON

The public hearing afforded
Francis Gary Powers cast a
piercing light on the strange
gray world Of the cold war.
It was not even a hearing
in the traditional pattern but
a publication rite performed
by and for the benefit of the
American people.
Chairman Russell tacitly
acknowledged this at the out
set when he said that the
hearing was not in the ma
tional interest. He was stark
ly accurate: this is surely the
only country in the world
where a spy who failed would
be allowed to justify himself
in public.
The chairman added that
the hearing was in the in
terest of Mr.. Powers. This
was far too limited. Mr.. Pow
ers, through no fault of his
own, was identified with
historic. moment in time
when the country was pub
d icly Inundated and exploded
in a burst Of national indig-
nation.
b He just happened to be the
American pilot who by failing
in one spy mission gave the
spokesman for the enemy,
Soviet Premier Khrushchev,
ammunition for an inSolent
personal assault upon the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-08
CONSTANTINE BROWN
u. S. Cultural Efforts Abroad

itors," Domestic Manners of
Americans" and a round
table theme called "As Others
Have Seen Us; James Bryce
Examines the Strength and
the Weakness of the Ameri-
can System" reading from
the American Common
wealth." by James Bryce.
Somehow or other, it doesn't
seem logical that discussing
American weakness is a good
way to "sell America" AS
an American, I'd just as soon
keep that discussion within
the family. for at present
there is more than enough
criticism about the United
States.
Also, the cultural efforts
your reporter has seen in
other countries have often
seemed inappropriate. Out
side the African and other
underdeveloped nations, there
are few countries in Europe
which could not give cards
and spades to the United
States when it comes to cul-
ture. They had centuries of
art even before America was
discovered.
But in present-day Amer
lea, the emphasis seems to
be on destroying our small
and young culture and to
discourage any artists not
conforming to modern-day
SurrealiSt art. diScordant mu-
sic or obscene books. The
Europeans great monuments
were destroyed by bombs in
World War II, but they spent
vast sums and much volun-
teer labor of their citizens
to rebuild their churches, mu-
Seums and theaterS as they
were originally. Why, they
ask, do the Americans bull
doze their artistic and lovely
old homes to make way for
glass and cement eyeSores?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-08
AFL-CIO Chief Is Urged to Recognize
Consumers Role With Labor, Industry

tracts. This, he said, would
be incompatible with a free
society.
Secretary Goldberg, of
course, neither said nor i'm
piled such a role for Gov
eminent. He simply recog-
nized that collective bar
gaining more and more has
become an exercise in power
between two forces. The ma
tional, or public interest,
too often is entirely ignored.
Most of labor's leaders
know that one of their pres
ent problems arises out Of
the bargaining practices Of
recent years, especially since
1945. Unions and manage
ment have engaged in power
struggles, which, finally,
were settled without any re-
ference to the public welfare.
The total costs were passed
on to the consumer.
It is no secret at all that
the more knowledgeable
members of unions have
realized that wage increases,
per Sc, are not satisfactory.
If they mean an acceleration
of initiation, as so many have,
the extra pay soon is nulli-
fled by increased prices.
Even union members who do
not think in even the most
rudimentary economic terms
long ago became aware that
there was, somewhere, a third
force that moved in to make
many of the new contract
victories meaningless insofar
as net benefits were con-
cerned.
Secretary Goldberg'S sug-
gestion of a Federal role that
includes the national well
fare is not new. Recognition
of the national interest in
collective bargaining has
been evident. The Kaiser
Steel Co. has included it in
past negotiations. A public
panel has participated in
them. The results were good.
The public does have a di-
rect interest. 1t is, in a very
literal sense, as valid as that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-08
RALPH McGILL

George Meany, the square,
cut, stubborn man who is
president of the AFL-CIO,
easily could serve as a COM
posite picture representing
the popular image of the old
fashioned craft union leader.
His lifetime spans much of
the history of the AFL. It is
q life somewhat in the old
Horatio Alger tradition in
that he rose from the ranks
to become a national figure.
Twice in recent months,
however, Mr.. Meany has re-
vealed himself as a man who
seemingly has not compre-
hended the full impact of the
revolution now in progress in
the world and, of course, in
our own country. He still is
the tough, Self-made man of
fixed ideas. He does not like
change any more than do his
contemporaries in manage
ment.
Mr.. Meany's first error of
decision led to defeat. He had
sought to maintain the old
craft union attitudes toward
Negro participation, offering
a rebuke and a promise of
compromise TO his critics. He
later was forced to abandon
this position.
Now comes Mr.. Meany with
an unfortunate and untenable
criticism and rejection of a
theory advanced in a public
address by Secretary of Labor
Arthur j. Goldberg. Secre-
tary Goldberg proposed a
sound and necessary ingredi-
ent to be added to collective
bargaining. 1t is that the
Federal Governments role in
labor-management disputes
should be expanded to set
economic "guidelines" for ne
gotiations so that the national
interest may be protected.
Mr.. Meany, with what ap-
pears to be a painful lack of
imagination, sharply rejects
this. He tortuously interpretS
it as an attempt by the Gov
eminent to tell" unions and
COMPANIES how to write con-
Jackson advocate., 1962-08-25
State Federation coIored Women's
Clubs Represented AT Natl Cow.

from her wardrobe during the
National Association Arts and
Crafts Fashion Show. This Sec
ond time honor for Mrs. Lyells
came from having been listed
several years ago in the Pit
tsburg Courier as one of the
best dressed Negro women.
Models from % states togeth-
er with professional models
were also presented in this style
revue.
The Mississippi delegates also
attended the awards banquet
which had as guests of tn as
sociation Attorney General Rob-
ert Kennedy, 19 other high
ranking government officials
together with ambassadors from
Germany, France, Nigeria, Ga
hama, and Belgium. Mrs. Tay-
lor reports that the 1864 Bien-
nial Convention will be held in
Denver Colorado, delegates will
make an official report at the
annual meeting of the Missis-
sipi State Federation.
Jackson advocate., 1962-08-25

sometimes becomes an inordlnate
fascination with brain size.
However, putting this debate
aside, knowledgeable students OF
mans. development would be al
most certain to object to Mr.. Put
nam's sweeping conclusions even
if they agreed with DR.. Coon's
analysis. To maintain that groups
of human beings have remained
.ransfxed on the escalator of his
tory over 40 millennia is a ridicu-
lous sophistry.
Certainly racial experience and
development may be generally diff
ferent at any point in human his
tory.
But the capacity for learning in
people of all races is well estab-
lished. Margaret Mead displays one
of the most dramatic examples in
her examination of Stone Age New
Guinesns who mastered many Of
the intricacies of the machine age
in less than a generation. Brilliant
African students emerging from
European universities are another
example. So are Eskimos coming
out of a primitive culture and
quickly showing remarkable me-
chanical and mental aptitude.
Today's racial differences do not
involve the theoretical cranial gap
of 10000 years. ago that Mr.. Put
nam has whisked into the present.
They involve questions of educa-
tion, compassion, and commupica-
ton between men whose apparent
differences need to be met with
love instead of suspicion.
Jackson advocate., 1962-08-25
king Critic .

Continued From Page One)
Kennedy by another Negro
who described himself as the
leader of a Negro group seek
ing a sensible approach to the
race issue.
The criticism was levied by
Sam H. Moore of Birmingham,
who telegraphed the President
to "Consider the integration
issue on it's merits and recon-
mend a peaceful and sensible
approach tow -rd a solution
Moore, who is president Of
the 30O-member Sensible APP
proach to Negro Efforts (Same)
group, denounced the ministers
for what he termed praying
in public for the sake Of pub
licity." He said persons call
ing themselves ministers of the
Gospel are creating strife and
confusion between the white
and black races in this section
of the country"
Calling those who permit
themselves to be led by King
and the other ministers as
"weak-minded persons" Moore
Jackson advocate., 1962-08-25
Ford International Fellowship
Winners Honored AT Banquet
Trygve Lie Former UN Secretarv-
General To Be Guest Speaker

New York, Aug. 20 ~ Trygve
Lie, the first Secretary General
of the United Nations, will be
the guest speaker at a banquet
to be held in Dearborn, Michi-
gan on September s to honor 40
winners Of Ford international
Fellowships.
The banquet will be the high
light of a three-day conference
planned by the Institute of In
ternational Education with the
cooperation of the Ford Motor
Company Fund for this group
of outstanding scholars from all
areas of the free world. 1t will
be attended by distinguished ed
ucators, U.N. Ambassadors from
countries represented by the
students, the Detroit diplomatic
corps, and local civic and gov
ernment leaders.
"The purpose of the program
is twofold," said Benson Ford,
president of the Ford Motor
Company Fund, which supports
the Institutes Fellowship Pro-
gram by it's contributions. First
it will give the winners an op-
portunity to exchange views
among themselves and, second
ly, it will give the members of
our community a chance to
meet these potential world lead
ers of tomorrow"
Kenneth Holland, president of
the Institute of international
Education, and chairman of the
board that selects the award
winners, pointed out in a joint
announcement of the conference
plans, that the Ford Fellowship
Program is the largest program
of it's kind in the field of inter
national educational exchange
Launched in 1861, the program
provides promising graduate
Jackson advocate., 1962-08-25

The National Association of
Colored Women's Clubs held it's
35 bi-enniel meeting at Shear
ton Park Hotel Washington, d.
C. July 28-August 3rd.
This 100000 member organi-
zation headed by Ross L. Gragg
is the oldest and largest Negro
Women's Organization in the
world.
The initial meeting was held
at the 10Th Street Baptist ch.
on July 29th, this church is the
birth place of the organization.
Representing Mississippi, was
the president, Mrs. Willie Mae
Latham Taylor of Grenada.
Mrs. c.. R. Boyd 3rd vice pre-
sident of Alcorn College.
Mrs. Rubye Suits Luells and
Mrs. C. R. Williams, both past
president of the State Fed
Grafton are from Jackson, Mis-
sissippi. Mrs. Cora A. Jones,
and Mrs. Syney Lovelass of
Hattiesburg and Mrs. Sara Bell
Dean of Tylertown. The state
president, Mrs. Willie Mae La
than was selected to be one
of the Committee of 20 to visit
the White House August 2, to
meet President Kennedy and
present the picture of Abraham
Lincoln, a moments form the
Fredrick Douglass Home to be
placed in the Lincoln room of
the White House. Mrs. Taylor
states that President Kennedy
invited the group to visit the
Lincoln room, a privilege not
given to the general public.
Mrs. Taylor considered it a
distinct honor for her State to
be represented on the Commit
tee which made history, since
this was the first time, ant
Negro or Negro group ever
made presentation to the
White House. The Mississippi
delegates participated in the
convention workshops held a
the various departments of the
National government. Mrs
Boyd was appointed to serve or
the nominating Committee, ane
Mrs. Lyells chaired the Com
mite on resolution. By request
Mrs. Lyells modelled selection.
Jackson advocate., 1962-08-25
Roland havs...

CONTINUED From Page One)
national musical life and his
long and outstanding career
as an American singer.
The presentation, made by
MANN president Kenneth b.
,Billups at a special Honors
Might ceremony, also bestows
ION Mr.. Hayes honorary life
membership in the associa-
'tiOn. Other musicians pre-
viously recognized in this
way have included Leontyne
Price. Metropolitan Opera
soprano and John Work, Fisk
University choral conductor.
Mr.. Hayes, who first sang
in public when as a boy he
led the congregation In a
country church near his
Georgia home, went on to
eminence as a lieder singer
in Europe and the United
States.
Jackson advocate., 1962-08-25
Arrest u Sun.
marchers In
North Carolina
Statesville, North Carolina

Statesville, North Carolina l
twenty-five demonstrators we're
arrested Sunday when more thar
1900 Negroes marched in four
North Carolina cities protesting
racial segregation in chain res
taurants.
All % were arrested in States
vile. Police reported no incidents
In the marches that took place
here and in Raleigh, Durham
and Charlotte.
The marches were held to pro-
test segregation mainly at How
ward johnson restaurants ano'
came two weeks after a warning
from James|F Farmer. head of the
Congress Of racial Equality that
the operation would begin againsf
the chain restaurants.
: About 500 persons joined in the
march here. Those arrested in !
eluded eight women.
In DurhaE, SOC SOC Negroes attend
ed church rally and. joined in
motorcade to a restaurant wher|
they sang hymns and prayed. /
similar demonstration took plac|
in Charlotte where seven picket
walked in front of one restauran
Spokesman for CORE ar
the National Association for tt
Advancement of Colored PeopA
said two demonstrators were mil
treated by police. Statesville p
lice Chief w T. Ivey said he hs
no information to back up tt
report.
The CORE spokesman said II
demonstrators were SreSte.
even though the Negroes were
state-owned property along Int
state 40 and that the were M
ordered to leave the scene befor
the arrests were made.
After the arrests, Negroes gat
cred at the police station ar
sang hymns.
Jackson advocate., 1962-08-25
Beating OF 80.

CONTINUED From Page One)
police. He said he wanted the
units TO- come from outside the
Cairo area.
RAYMOND Harth, an attorney for
the NAACP, said Sunday that ra-
.cial discrimination in Cairo was
"at least as bad as Albany, Ga,
and probably worse. From what
I've seen and heard, it's probably
worse than some places in Mis-
iissippi."
We're going to ask the COVER
nor to intervene" Harth said.
He's been to quiet about this"
The Rev. Blaine Ramsey, vice
president of the Cairo chapter OF
the NAACP. said. There viii nat
be demonstration if the COVER
nor promises 10 intervene in
Cairo and effect a peaceful solu-
ton to the situation"
NAACP leaders were incensed
by the beating of six Negroes and
a white girl Friday night outside
a roller skating rink near Cairo.
Four white persons were arrested
after the incident and charged
with aggravated assault or as
sault with deadly weapon.
Those hurt were among SO dem
onstrators at the rink, which has
been one of the prime targets of
the two-month-long integration
movement in the Cairo area.