davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-11
India:
Chinese Ahead

Prime Minister Nehru headed
off a split in his own party last
week by accepting v. X. Krish-
ma MenOn's resignation from
the cabinet.
The first phase Of the unde-
clared Sino-Indian war is Just
about over. After three weeks of
intermittent fighting along the
Himalayan frontier, the Chinese
forces have accomplished their
main strategic detectives. These
include:
. Occupation Of almost all the
$4,000 square miles it claims in
the Ladakh region of northwest
India. This area, virtually unin-
habitable and barren of any veg
citation, separates Sinkiang Prov
ince in China from Western Tibet.
In 1857, China secretly built a
connecting road across the area
and has ever since refused to
withdraw from the territory which
the Indians claim as their own.
. A demonstration to the In
dian public that the Chinese army
is stronger in the Himalayas than
the Indian forces. This has been
shown not only in Ladakh but
by the ease with which Chinese
forces have crossed the Mcmahon
line in northeast India. The
Chinese claim $4,000 square miles
of land in midas northeast, re-
flsing to abide bv the Mcmahon
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-11
National Scene

Continued From Page B-1
before she died she had won over
many of her critics with her
warmheartedneSs and selfless
humanitarianiSm, although many
still did not agree with her liberal
political philosophy.
President Kennedy, who along
with two former Presidents,
Dwight D. Eisenhower and Harry
S. Truman, attended funeral
services at Hyde Park, N. Y, yes
terday, led the Nation in mourn
ing her passing. Expressions of
sorrow came from all parts of the
world from persons of high and
low rank. But Adlai E. Stevenson,
her great friend, perhaps put it
best, borrowing from an old say
ing:
"She would rather light candles
than curse the darkness, and her
glow warmed the world
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-11
Harm Government

Last week the magazines execu-
tives, and a German colonel &C
cused of supplying the informa-
ton, were still in Jail on the
vague charge of suspicion Of
treason and bribery. The arrests,
however, instead Of strengthen
ing the government, may have &C
complished the opposite.
The Free Democratic Party
whose good will is necessary for
the Adenauer government to re-
main in power, threatened to re-
sign from the coalition cabinet
because FDP Justice Minister
Stammberger was not Informed
that the raid was to take place.
His deputy - Christian Demo-
crat - did know, and this led
to speculation that the arrests
were politically motivated.
The Socialists also responded
sharply, charging "Gestapo tao
tics" in the raids and demanding
the raiders be fired. Chancellor
Adenauer angrily denied anything
but the best of motives. Never
theless, he was faced With a politi-
cal crisis on the eve of his Novem-
Der IA trip to Washington.
If the Free Democrats left the
Government, Mr.. Adenauer would
be faced with his first cabinet crisis
since his coalition government took
power last year. It would have
weakened his position in Washing
ton and it would have focused even
more publicity on the whole unsav-
DRY case.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-11
Indio-Chino Chronology

191+England fix midas northeastern frontier
known the Mcmahon Line China initiated but ratified
the 1914 northwestern boundary,
tention, was fixed in the 10th century.
April 1954-India and China sign
April 1955-At Bandung
China and India join u other countries in urging "absenon
from the exertion other formulate
five principles Of co-eXstence.
November 956-Chnas Premier Chou Ena visits India and
praises Sino-Indian cooperation
March, 1959-Revolt breaks against Chinese Tibet he
Chinese had
sympathy lies with Tbetan India
asylum to the Dalai Lama
June 1s5e1ndia recognizes Tbetan government-n-exe
August 1959Neru Chinese showing
large parts Of India Chinese territory and declares the Nc
Mahon Line midas firm northern the 28th
Nehru declares that Chinese the border
clear of aggression and sends troops the Northeast
Frontier Agency.
September 959-nda publishes Chinese India
of aggression" and repudiae the Mcmahon Line.
November Enai 25mle detartzed
along the 2500mie frontier Nehru the suggestion
Indian Communist Party Nehrus position the border
controversy On the goth Nehru that Chinese with
drawa from the disputed pre-condon of negotiations
December 1959-Chou Enla proposes
India evacuate nine outposts Nehru rejects this.
February 1960Nhu invites Chou Ena to New Delhi for talks
April, 196O-Chou-Nehru after five days.
to continue talks, however.
January l96-Defense
stupid attitude endangers peaceful coexstenc and asserts
that will do everything she resolve the dispute
conference in 1860 China occupies 10000 square miles
Indian territory.
November se1nda claims further Chinese aggression in Ladakh
lists IL China miSbehavior April 1860
Nehru asserts India is building border defenses
May 1962Nehu Chinese withdraw from the disputed
and talks after demitarized is established
July widely separated Indian positions and
China protests Indian aggression" on the same day.
August necessary
before talks dscloses incidents
1s62-Fghng breaks the goth Chinese troops
into both the Northwest Frontier Agency and Ladakh
October the coOdinaed twOfront offensive
which continues yet
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-11
Consolidating Gains

With its apparent military SUI
periority, Peking last week began
a heavy diplomatic offensive to
consolidate its gains.
1t offered New Delhi a package
deal which, If accepted, would
mean Indian recognition of
China's Ladakh claims in return
for China's acceptance of the Nc
Mahon line in the northeast. This
would suit Peking's strategic OBJ
jectives but would lead to loss
of political prestige for Mr.. Nehru.
China backed up its truce Of
fer" with a rapid buildup in the
Himalayan area. The crude mes
sage was clear: Either New Delhi
accepts Peking's offer or it faces
an extension of the Hinalayan
war into India itself.
So far, the fighting has been
contained within the disputed
border areas. If China chooses to
extend the conflict, it could have
grave international consequences.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-11
Action Taken

Mr.. Adenauer and his advisers
recognized that public opinion in
Western countries responds with
alarm to any incident that is rem
iniscent of the Hitler days. Thus
the Socialist "Gestapo" charges
could not be CLOSED over.
To quiet his critics, Mr.. Ade-
nauer on Monday fired his justice
deputy. Walter Strauss, and put
the deputy of defense on indefi-
mite leave of absence. BY the end
of the week, the political rum
blingS had been muffled. pending
completion of the security inves-
legations.
Der Spiegel'S executives we're
still under detention, however. as
a result of the courts refusal to
grant them bail. The magazine
is still being published, its circu-
lation 100000 higher. 1t Is Just
as nasty as ever.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-11

line which was drawn in 1914 by
a British-dominated conference.
The present conflict was pre-
cipitated by steady Chinese occu-
patton Of land claimed by India.
This "nibbling of Indian land"
as one Indian official has called
it, finally led to counter -meaSures
by Prime Minister Nehru this
year.
Mr.. Nehru ordered the Indian
army to force the Chinese from
Indian territory. The Chinese de-
cided to attack on october 20
probably to prevent the Indians
from accomplishing this objective.
In their anger and surprise at the
successful Chinese attack, the In
dian people looked for a Scapegoat.
He was not hard to find.
V. K. Krishna Menon, the de-
tense minister, is the most con-
troversial Indian politician. He is
Mr.. Nehru'S closest adviser, but
has been considered by most peo-
pie as too left-wing and too pro-
Chinese for midas good. This
rising tide of anti-Menon senti-
ment led Mr.. Nehru to make two
difficult personal decisions.
First, he denoted him two weeks
ago from defense minister to min
lister for defense production.
When this did not quiet the
critics, however, Mr.. Nehru last
week accepted Mr.. Menon's resig-
nation from the cabinet, a polite
way of firing him. Mr.. Nehru
said Mr.. Menon's continued pres
ence in the cabinet might split
the government at this grave time
in Indian history.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-11
Pokiston Pledge

Her CENTO allies - namely
the United States - have urged
Pakistan to issue a pledge not to
invade Indian Kashmir while
India has its hands full with
China. This would free Indian
troops for use against China. But
Pakistan so far has refused. Pres
ident Ayub Khan believes such
pledge would recognize the legiti-
macy of midas claims in Kash-
mir, something he refuses to &C
knowledge pending plebiscite.
Ironically, Nationalist China,
perhaps Peking's bitterest foe,
agrees that the Mcmahon line is
a fraud. In a statement last week,
Taiwan said she agreed with
Peking'S claims but not her meth
DDS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-11
a REPORT FROM NEW DELHI
India Finds Out Who Her Friends Are

on October II, its central execu-
tive asked members to follow the
Picking line on the Sino-Indian
border dispute. But at least 6
of its 81 state units revolted. The
Cpl headquarters in New Delhi
and houses of Communist leaders
were attacked by angry mobs. At
last, the Cpl National Council
felt forced to pass a resolution
condemning Chinese aggression"
Hailing "magnanimous offers"
of arms aid by friendly countries,
Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari,
Swatantra Party founder and the
first Indian governor general.
said: I'VE have not been giving
hitherto the treatment which
these friendly countries deserved
from us. In the times of emer-
gency, all differences should be
made up. We must be able to dis
tinguish who are our friends and
who are our enemies. We have
been taking friends as enemies
and enemies as friends"
On Non Alignment
Mr.. Nehru is not expected to
drop non-alignment but he will
never again persuade his people to
have faith in the words Of the
Communist powers. If this con-
flict with Communist China drags
on, the essential aims Of the In
dian policy will become indistin-
guishable from those Of the de-
fenSive alliances which Mr.. Nehru
has continually deplored.
The economic and financial i'm
plications of this new venture are
enormous. A major military eff
fort, required against the Com
munist Chinese. will involve very
heavy expenditures to expand
roads and air transport facilities,
construct bases and equip the
army with modern weapons.
midas foreign exchange re-
serves are only $500 million. India
is probably the most highly taxed
country in the world, if one takes
its poverty into account. In
creased taxation would press hard
on the very poorest part Of a
population whose annual per cap
ita income is only $72. The alter
native is to rely on inflationary
financing, which would also bur-
den those least able to pay.
If Mr.. Nehru buys arms to pre-
serve midas non-alignment, the
Indian people will have to repro
duce the spirit Of England after
Dunkirk if they are to overcome
the challenge which confronts
them.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-11
Continued From Page B-1

Continued From Page B-1
reluctance to fight 5000 miles
away from Russia-has gained
him support among the moderate
elements in the Soviet bloc. 1t
also, however, has intensified the
split with Red China on theological
grounds. The Chinese have called
the Cuban withdrawal another
Munich.
To explain the withdrawal, Mr..
Khrushchev and Soviet propa-
gandists presently are calling for
renewed efforts at peaceful CO.
existence" Western officials, as
well as Soviet diplomats, expect
a relative period of tranquility in
coming months as a result of the
Cuban affair.
Before the present crisis, the
Soviet government had promised
no Berlin action until after the
American elections. Experts be-
lieve that Mr.. Khrushchev told
his East European allies last week
that he again was postponing any
decision on the German question.
A Soviet Communist Party
Central Committee meeting has
been called for November 10 in
Moscow to discuss urgent eco
nomic matters. Mr.. Khrushchev
is known to be concerned with
the rate Of development of Soviet
and bloc economies and he may
use this breathing space to con-
centrate on his internal problems.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-11

And since midas military has
proved no match for the Chinese,
it puts non-aligned New Delhi at
a distinct disadvantage. Never
theless, Mr.. Nehru has refused to
yield to the Chinese demands. He
rejected the truce offer without
hesitation.
AS long as he refuses to be-
come a full partner of the West,
Mr.. Nehru can only hope to get
limited amounts of aid. Thus, last
week Mr.. Nehru announced he
had asked the United Nations
to free his $500 troops in the
Congo so they could be returned
home. This would harm the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-11
The Soviet Giant:
A New Perspective

when Mr.. KhruShcnev said there
could be on-site inspection in
Cuba, he would be able to deliver.
When Premier Castro baked, It
was popularity assumed he was do
ing so with Mr.. Khrushchev's con-
nivance.
Top U. N. sources, including
American sources, do not think so.
They believe Premier Castro did
just what he appeared to do: He
OVERRIDE Mr.. Khrushchev.
Premier Castro depends heavily
on Soviet support, but Moscow
needs him, too. Without him, So
Wet political and theological pene-
tration of the Americas would be
set back a decade.
And Mr.. Castro has an alterna-
tive to Soviet help: Red China.
Peiping constantly reminded him
of the fact this last week. Peiping
cannot provide the same economic
and military backing-but then,
Moscow has not proved to be q
particularly firm reed either.
Red China's independence from
Moscow was never more apparent
than it was last week. Peiping
actually accused Mr.. Khrushchev
publicly of adopting IAN appease-
ment policy" toward the United
States.
While the rest of the Commu-
mist world was trying to save Mr..
Khrushchev's face by hailing him
as peacemaker, Peiping was say
ing his actions will in no way
insure world peace"
Red Chino's Role
Meanwhile, Moscow was charg-
ing publicly in the U. N. that Red
China's attack on India would
serve only the "imperialists. That
Chinese attack was emerging more
and more as a threat to Soviet in
terests-but Moscow was clearly
unable to do anything decisive
about it.
1t is q vivid demonstration of
Moscow's limited diplomatic
power. The Kremlin's vacillation
is not the behavior of o world
colossus.
The lesson of Soviet limitations
cannot have been lost on neu-
tralists In Asia and Africa, though
evidence of its impact has not yet
become apparent. It certainly was
not lost on India.
The only important tangible ef-
feet of the Cuban crisis here at
the u. N. has been to strengthen
U Thant of Burma and make him
virtually a shoo-in for a regular
five-year term as secretary gen.
eral. The "troika" is dead.
What the West hopes will be
the ultimate effect will be emery
ence of genuine neutralism - a
neutralism which is not always
half way between East and West,
but which makes genuinely indie
pendent judgments on the merits
of each case.
The principal barrier to such
neutralism in the past has been
Soviet intimidation; and from
now on, Mr.. Khrushchev's scowl
can scarcely have quite so much
terror for the world.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-11
Aid From West

The United States and Great
Britain have told India they would
supply her with needed weapons.
But so far, India has insisted
that she is not part of the West
ern bloc, and that she is buying
these mortars and automatic
rifles. midas reluctance to align
herself with the West is due large
ly to a hope that the Soviet I'm
ion will use her good offices to
restrain China.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-11
BY WILLIAM r. FRYE
Contributing Writer

AADetihB "ElIcI
UNITED NATIONS, Y-The
Soviet Union stands exposed be-
fore the world as a monster with
feet of clay.
This is the single most striking
result of the diplomacy of the past
fortnight, in the view Of expert
enced observers here.
No one is writing off Soviet mil
1tary power, or minimizing the
Kremlin's capacity to make trou-
Bile in the world. But the exag-
gerated picture Of a virtually all
powerful giant before whom the
world had to quake has been set
in new perspective.
There was a time, in the late
1950s, when it was fashionable to
speak of a missile gap" a state
OF affairs due to arrive in the
early 1960s when the Soviet
Union would have such a prepon-
derance Of atomic striking power
that 1t could virtually write its
own ticket in an East-West show
down.
On Bloc Voting
If the Cuba crisis did nothing
else, it laid to rest, finally and
unequivocally, the missile gap"
The Soviet Union does not have
an advantage in nuclear striking
power-and knows it. This fact,
long accepted as hypothesis, has
now been proven in practice.
Moreover, drastic limitations on
Soviet diplomatic power have also
been demonstrated.
Few informed people have ever
accepted the oversimplified popu-
lar image of a Kremlin as puppet-
eer and its satellites as helpless
marionettes. Yet the spectacle of
the Soviet bloc voting as unit,
talking Except for Red China and
Albania) as a unit, and eternally
processing itself an unshakeable
monolith has tended to generate
acceptance of the myth.
Actually, as Fidel Castro has
so wildly reminded the world,
communism is polycentric. The
relationship between Moscow and
the satellites is constantly being
renegotiated-not, of course, as be-
tween equals, but not as between
master and abject slave, either.
Satellites which are geographic
cally contingent to the Soviet
Union, and hence under the thumb
Of the Red Army, have no power
of secession; Hungary learned that
in 1856. But they are not bereft
of bargaining power. They can
and do-influence Soviet policy
and action - some more so, of
course, than others.
When Castro BoIked
Even Walter Ulbricht of East
Germany, considered to be on one
Of the shortest leashes, has put
meaningful pressure on Premier
Khrushchev on Berlin. Bulgaria
has Just gone through an up
heaval in which a Khrushchev
faction succeeded in purging an
obstreperous group of Maoists.
Much Of the world assumed that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-11

edness Of the German army,
based, the article indicated, on
highly authoritative sources.
These embarrassing revelations
Of classified reports led to an in
veStigation by the federal attor-
ney's office and the subsequent
arrest on October 20 Of Der Spie-
gels Publisher Rudolf Augsteir
and four other top executives. In
addition, the police raided the
magazines offices, and seized
their contents. The writer Of the
controversial article was arrested
in Spain and released only when
he promised to return to Germany
voluntarily.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-11
A REPORT FROM NEW DELHI
By NARANJAN S. UPPAL
Contributing Writer

NEW DELHI.-No country can
rise to true nationhood until it
has suffered to preserve itself.
The test presented by the Chi
nese border aggression is stirring
India from apathy and Incidence
and repairing her divisions and
is a necessary and timely ordeal.
In its hour of need, India is
finding its true friends. The gov
eminent and people are examin-
ing past policies and the United
States and Britain are emerging
as the biggest winners.
India had been living in q
dreamland Of its own, as Prime
Minister Nehru confessed, IAN ar
tificial situation of our own crea-
ton" Stunning power blocs and
hugging non-alignment would
pay big dividends in the long run,
India had felt. Sometimes giving
the appearance of leaning more
toward the Soviet bloc in inter-
national parleys, India eulogized
non-alignment but opposed for
nation of a third force"
Where Are the Friends?
Now the biggest question on
Indian lips is: Where are our
friends - Egypt, Ghana, Yugo-
slavia and IndoneSia?"
The silence Of these non
aligned friends" has disillusioned
many Indians. Ghana President
Nkrumah has openly expressed
his distress" at Britain's decision
to supply arms for Indian defense.
Egyptian President Nasser's first
proposals for cease-fire were an
echo of Picking, though his. sec
ond proposals had tinge of OBJ
jectivity. President Tito of Yugo-
slavia has not replied to Mr..
Nehru's letter on Peking's new ag-
erosion. Indonesia President ST.
karno has not uttered q single
word in midas favor.
The Chinese invasion, the Rus
sian refusal to grant even diplo-
matte support and the apathy of
the neutrals have jolted India.
Indians feel, with rightful an
guish, that they have been de-
serted by those who claimed to
be friends of India.
Against these "desertions." the
prompt response by the United
States and Britain with arms aid
and expressions Of unalloyed SYM
pathy has heartened many. Mos
cows attitude, Indians feel, is a
useful lesson to neutrals who look
to the Kremlin as a potential
ally.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-11

Asoka Menta believes that ito
keep out of the cold war while
the flames Of a hot war beat on
our forces has to be our lot for a
considerable time" Jan Sangh
Leader Vajapayee, however, has
asked for an open alliance with
the Western countries.
The Communist Party Of India
is facing the biggest dilemma of
its life. In secret circular, issued
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-11

U. Ms Congo operation, but Mr..
Negru has few other sources of
trained manpower.
Much of midas army is sta
toned on the Kashmir border of
PakiStan, near the Ladakh
area. However. hostility between
Pakistan and India is so intense
over Kashmir that there seems
little chance that Mr.. Nehru will
be able to withdraw his forces.
PakiStan is a member of
CENTO, and thus eligible for
American help in case of invasion
from China, and yet, Pakistan
tends to side with China in the
Sino-I Indian dispute. Pakistan
public opinion feels India is the
more dangerous threat to Paki-
stan security.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-11
On Test Ban

. Many observers expect prog
1ess to be made toward a nuclear
test ban. The United States an
nounced its tests had ended last
week, and Mr.. Khrushchev said
his would stop on November 20.
Thus there is some reason to sup
pose 1t is in both countries inter-
est to have a ban now. Soviet
diplomats are emphasizing the
Soviet Unions interest in the
proposal made in September at
the Pugwash conference. This
called for automatic devices in
stalled in "black boxes" to be
placed in the soil of aech nuclear
country.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-11
Castro Status

. Mr.. Cartso'S status is the most
shaky Of all. His prestige is now
quite low in Latin America, and
his refusal to allow U. N. inspec-
tors on his soil has alienated
several non-aligned countries. BY
not complying with the Khru-
Shchev-Kennedy agreement, Mr..
Castro has bitten his own tongue.
For now the United States does
not have to pledge non inter-
ference in his affairs.
Undoubted ly, Mr.. Mikoyan
pointed this out, but the I'M
practicable Cuban leader has not
yielded.
Moreover, Mr.. Castro undoubt-
edly realizes how precarious is his
position now that the Soviet Union
has indicated it would not come
to his aid in case of showdown.
This may lead to an effort by
Cuban officials to try and reach
some agreement with other Amer
lean countries.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-11
A Note on Anger

Anybody can become angry
that is easy; but to be angry with
the right person, and to the right
degree, and at the right time,
and for the right purpose, and in
the right way-that is not within
everybody's power and is not easy.
Aristotle in NicomdcheGn Ethics.