davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Nome nugget., 1962-09-21

ST. LOUIS tR = A 76-year-old man, returning from a driving les son, crashed his car through the door of his garage Thursday and killed his wife.
 Mrs. Vim. Baumgartner, 72, of suburban Bellefontaine Neighbors, was pinned against the rear wall of the garage.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-13
Hamilton Resigns,
Kennedy Accepts

President Kennedy has &C.
cepted the resignation of Fow-
Ter Hamilton as director of the
Agency for International De-
velopment, the White House
said today.
Andrew T. Hatcher, associate
press secretary, said the resigna-
ton would be effective upon
the appointment of a successor
He said he did not know who
would be named to direct the
foreign aid program but denied
reports that the job would GO
to Sergeant Shriver, the Presi-
dents brother-in-law, now serv-
ing as director of the Peace
Corps.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-13
BY LEE M. COIN
Star Staff Writer

AFL-CIO President George
Meany reported today that
more than half the jurisdic-
tional fights submitted to the
labor federation's new internal
disputes machinery have been
settled voluntarily.
Mr.. Meany told the ALL
CLOS executive council 142
cases have been submitted by
affiliated unions to the ma
chinery established last Deem
Der.
OF these, he said, 70 have
been resolved through media
ton or mutual agreement, and
mediation still is in progress
in 81 other cases.
Efforts to achieve voluntary
settlements failed in AZ cases,
Mr.. Meany reported, and these
went to David L. Cole, who
serves as umpire.
Coles Findings
Mr.. Cole found violations of
AFL-CIO jurisdictional rules in
81 cases. IA Of which were ap-
pealed to the executive council.
No appeals were upheld, but
three still are pending.
Two unions have defied final
rulings, and are subject to raids
by other unions. They are the
National Maritime Union and
the Journeymen Stone Cutters
Association.
The council at this morn
ing's meeting unanimously
adopted a resolution condemn
ing the RECKLESS, diviSive and
ruthless raid" now being con-
Quoted against the Commune
cations Workers of America by
the Transfers Union, which
was expelled from the AFL-CIO
on corruption charges.
Support Pledged
Pledging moral. financial and
man-power support to the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-13
Meony Cites Efforts
For JurisdictionoI Peace

CWA. the council also unani-
mously adopted a resolution
supporting President Kennedy's
firm course" in handling the
Cuba crisis.
An AFL-CIO spokesman said
the labor federation is pushing
ahead with efforts to combat
unemployment by reducing the
standard work week to IS
hours, with double-t time pay
over the IS hours to discourage
over time work.
Showdown Postponed
Still on the agenda of the
executive councils meeting were
such topics as civil rights and
a controversy over selection of
an alternate delegate to the
International Confederation of
Free Trade Unions.
The council postponed indef-
initely yesterday decision on
the battle between Mr.. Meany
and Walter P. Reuther, presi-
dent Of the United Auto Work
ers, over the filling of a vacancy
on the council.
Mr.. Meany told a news con-
ference the council agreed to
leave this matter in the hands
of Vice President Reuther and
myself to see what we can
work out"
To Discuss Bias Charge
Postponement also may be
the councils method of han
ding the Meany- Reuther dis
pute over selection of Mr..
Reuther's alternate delegate to
the ICFTU. Mr.. Reuther chose
James B. Carey. president of
the International Union of
Electrical Workers, who wa S
vetoed by Mr.. Meany.
In the civil rights field, the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-13

tute for Sino-Soviet Studies at
1890 pm. Thursday at the
university library, 2023 q
street NV.
Wolfgang lombard, author
of Soviet theology Today" will
speak.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-13
7 canister, REA
Wage Settlement
Proposed by U. S.
By the Associated Press

A presidential emergency
board recommends today that
the Railway Express Agency
and the International Broth
erhood of Transfers negotiate
a wage settlement in the area
of 1923 cents an hour, retro
active to July /.
The recommendation is for
the same amount which the
company, last July, granted
employees represented by the
Brotherhood of Railway
Clerks.
About 5000 truck drivers
represented by the Transfers
Union are involved in the dis
pute. These drivers are located
in New York, Jersey City,
Philadelphia. Cleveland, Gin
cinnati. st. Louis, Chicago and
San Francisco.
The board recommended
yesterday that the company
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-13

binsky was expected to ask the
councils support for his
counter-attack.
A. Philip Randolph, the coun-
ellis Negro member, was consid-
ering pressing for removal of
Boris Shishkin as director of
the AFL-CIO's civil rights de-
|partment. Many Negro leaders
contend Mr.. Shishkin, who ap-
parently has Mr.. Meany's con-
fidence, is ineffective.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-13

council was expected to discuss
recent attacks by the National
Association for the Advance
ment Of Colored People on
AFL-CIO affiliated unions
charged with discrimination
against Negro workers.
One of the NAACP's targets
is the International Ladies
Garment Workers Union, and
'ILGWU President David Du-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-13

and the union negotiate ad-
justments in the existing
health and welfare benefits of
6,34 cents an hour, which
would be in the overall settle
ment of about 1923 cents.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-13
Luncheon-Lectu
On Communism Set

A luncheon-lecture entitled
"Is Communism Eroding?" is
being sponsored by George
Washington University's Insti-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-13
DC. Transit Wins
National Bus
Maintenance Award
18th Year in Row.!

The satisfaction that with winning award doesn't stem
from the presentation or the announcement but from pride
the about effort that made the achievement possible
Hundreds of maintenance trained and kful mechanics
work around the clock make DC Transit the safest public
transportation system the world thousand vehcles-buses
that travel the equivalent of trip the back in less
than week-are tested and checked from signal to tail light
to make your ride puts you at your destination in
the shortest possible time-withou delay with utmost safety
Awards aer-ater the achievement You can ride with
assurance, knowing that DC Transit System winning the
Maintenance Efficiency Award for by taking oday
Evening star., 1962-05-25
ga;
Churity Leader

Miss Mary Yandes Wheeler.
"a, who devoted her life to
charitable works, died Tuesday
at her home, 2O29 Connecticut
avenue.
Born in Berea. Ohio, she had
lived here for more than 81
years.
An active member of Church
of the Epiphany, Mrs. Wheeler
was a member of the board of
Epiphany Home for Elderly
Ladies here. She also belonged
to the church guild and
women's auxiliary.
She leaves her sister, Mrs.
Thomas c. Brown, of the Con-
necticut avenue address; two
nephewS, George Y. Wheeler II,
a radio consultant, 2510 Foxhall
road NV, and John R. Wheeler
of Florida. and two nieces, Mrs.
William N. Sturtevant, Sc Kali
mia circle NV, and Mrs.
Eugene N. Foss II, of Dedham,
Mass.
Services were held yesterday
at Church of the Epiphany,
with burial today in Allegheny
Cemetery, Pittsburgh.
Evening star., 1962-05-25
Lawyers Urged to HeIp
Speed Patent Cases

David L. Ladd, the Kennedy
administrations 35-year-old
Commissioner of Patents, last
night appealed for help from
lawyers in the patent field to
improve the work of his agency
Mr.. Ladd, speaking to a
meeting of the District Bar AS
sociation's Administrative Law
Section at the National
Lawyers Club here, said there
is much that patent lawyers
can do to reduce our burden. ("
He suggested that much of
the inertia" that has plagued
the Patent Office in recent
years, resulting in a growing
backlog of patent applications,
has been sanctioned by too
lawyers who too often
appeal patent examiners un-
favorable decisions merely for
purposes Of delay.
Mr.. Ladd said his agency
hopes soon to put into opera
ton recommendations con-
tanned in a recent Patent Office
management survey.
He said he hopes soon to get
with a planning and
section for the office,
one of the survey recommend
ations. And he said that by
September he is hopeful of
starting a more thorough orr
course for new patent
and develop a more
comprehensive career develop
ment program" designed to
keep employees with the office
longer.
Evening star., 1962-05-25
Conviction Upset
For Quiz Of Wife
In Robbery Trial

The robbery conviction of
Charles Dixon was reversed by
the United States Court of
Appeals here yesterday because
Of improper cross-examination
of Dixon'S wife during his trial.
A three-judge panel of the
appellate court noted that
Dixon had been convicted a
year ago of the robbery of
$1,752 from a D. c. Transit
employe. Dixon, found guilty
by a District Court jury, re-
ceived a jail sentence of three
to nine years.
His wife had testified on di-
rect examination that her hus-
band left their home here only
five minutes before the robbery
took place some distance away,
making it impossible for him
to have been involved in the
theft.
However, the court said that
the prosecutor in the case
during cross examination of
Mrs. Dixon-went beyond the
scope of the direct examination,
questioning her about matters
that "did not directly challenge
the truth Of anything she had
said in her direct testimony"
Since the trial judge admitted
this testimony as part of the
trial record, this resulted in
error plainly prejudicial"
to Dixon.
The three judge appellate
court panel therefore ruled that
Dixon should be given a new
trial.
Evening star., 1962-05-25
Mrs. Watkins, 81,
Mother-in-Luwof
Ex-Gov. Chandler

FARMVILLE. Va, May Is
(AP).-Mrs. Virginia Stephen
son Watkins. mother-in-law of
former Kentucky Gov. A. B.
Chandler. died in a hospital
here yesterday. She was 81.
Mrs. Watkins had been hos
pitalized for about two weeks.
She was a native of Dekalb
County, Ga, a member of the
Sunbury Chapter Of the Daugh-
ters of the American Revolu-
ton in Winder, Ga, a member
Of the Association for the Pres
ervation of Virginia Antiuui-
ties, the United Daughters OF
the Confederacy, and the
Blackstone CvaO Baptist
Church, where she had taught
Sunday school for a number
of years.
A funeral service will be held
at 4 pm. today at Ash Camp
Baptist Church, Keysville, Va,
with burial in the Ash Camp
Memorial Cemetery.
Evening star., 1962-05-25
Baldwin B. Bone, 20,
Former Adviser to SEC

Baldwin B. Bane, 70, a re-
tired executive adviser to the
Securities and Exchange Com
mission, died after a stroke
Wednesday at his home, 2347
Ashmead place NV.
Mr.. Bane organized and di-
rected the Federal Trade Com
MISSIONS Securities Division,
which administered the Secu-
rites Act of 1898, previously
serving as an attorney with the
FTC from 1922 to 1888.
When the SEC was created
by the Securities Act of 1894,
he became executive admins
traitor of the agency.
He became director of the
SECS Corporation Finance
Division in 1895. From 1852
until he retired in 1855, Mr..
Bane was executive adviser to
the SEC.
Mr.. Bane was graduated
Evening star., 1962-05-25
Bernstein Seen
For P. u. Post

Edgar H. Bernstein. president
of the Districts Young Demo-
cratic Club, repeatedly is the
principal contender for nomi-
nation to the city's Public Utili-
ties Commission.
One of the three commits
sioner posts will be open June
80 when the term of Harold A.
Kertz, a Republican, expires.
Mr.. Bernstein, 80, an econo-
mist, is being considered for
White House nomination to the
regulatory agency, according
to reports.
In addition to Mr.. Kertz, the
commission members are James
A. Washington, jr., chairman,
and District Engineer Commis-
sioner Frederick j. Clarke.
An economist with the Fos-
ter, Associates, firm here, Mr..
Bernstein, has specialized in the
public utilities field.
Mr.. Bernstein, of 1901 Clydes-
dale place NV, has both a
bachelors and masters degree
in economies from the Univer-
sity of Pittsburgh.
Evening star., 1962-05-25

was bench show chairman of
the Old Dominion Kennel Club,
and life member of Dawson
Lodge 16, F.A.A.M. Of WASH
ington.
In Tucson, Mr.. Scaggs was
a member Of the Pima County
Sheriff's Posse, being one OF
the first to make a four-day
ride from Tucson to Tomb
stone, Ariz.
He leaves his wife, Lucille
Cornish Scaggs of Tucson; a
daughter. Mrs. Robert o. Bige-
low of $500 Harrison avenue
Fort Washington Forest: his
mother, Mrs. Ida Jane Scaggs
and a sister, Mrs. Carena Day
nude, both of 1874 w street
Sc.
Funeral services were to be
at 1870 pm. today at the Sim
mons Funeral Home, 1861 Good
Hope road, Sc. with Grave
side military ceremonies at
Arlington Cemetery.
Evening star., 1962-05-25
Drug Firm Sues
On Product Name

The Bristol-Myers Co., a ma
tional manufacturer and seller
of antacid aspirin tablets, has
sued Dart Drug Corp. in Dis
trict Court for alleged infringe
ment of it's "Bufferin" label.
In a civil suit filed yester-
day, Bristol Myers alleged
Darts product called "Bufa-
tran" has a name confusingly
similar to "Bufferin." Bristol
Myers claims Dart intended
this.
The suit alleges that Dart,
which has a chain of stores in
the Washington area, used the
name "Bufatran" on labels and
in advertising to try to ap-
Evening star., 1962-05-25
Henry Hurtung, Developer,
Furniture Manufactured

Henry Hartung, 70, a former
Washington furniture manu-
facturer and Silver Spring real
estate developer. died wednes-
day in Orange Memorial Hos
pital, Orlando. Fla.
A native of Baltimore, Mr..
Hartung came to Washington
in 1886 to become a partner in
a furniture firm with the for
mer Hilda N. Miller, an interior
decorator. Later, they were
married, and she survives him
in Orlando.
After he retired from the
furniture business in 1910, Mr..
Hartung engaged in real estate
construction in Silver Spring.
He moved to Orlando several
years ago to become a semi
Evening star., 1962-05-25
WiIIium E. Thrift,
Business Broker

William E. Thrift, 81, a self
employed Washington business
broker, died in Prince Georges
Hospital Wednesday as a result
OF a fractured skull suffered in
a fall three weeks ago.
Born in Gloucester, Va. he
spent his early years in West
Point, Va, and came to live in
nearby Maryland is years ago.
Here he was a Vestryman at
st. Luke's Episcopal Church,
BladenSburg, and a member of
Lodge 179, F.AA.M.,. and Almas
Temple.
He leaves his wife, Emily, of
the home address, 2414 Lake
avenue, Cheverly, Nd.
Funeral services will be at
noon Monday at st. Luke's
Episcopal Church 4O06 Fifty
third street, Bladensburg, with
burial in Arlington National
Cemetery.
Evening star., 1962-05-25

from Randolph-Macon College
Ashland, Va, in 1911, and re-
ceived his law degree from
Washington and Lee Universe
ty in 1917.
A Mason, he also belonged
to the American Legion. He
was a member of the District
and American Bar Associa-
tionS.
He leaves his brother, Frank
Bane, of 2701 Connecticut ave-
nue., former executive director
of the Council of State Gov
Iernments and appointed to
head President Eisenhower's
Remember commission on
Federal, State and local gov
'ernments.
Services will be at 10 am.
Monday from Fort Myer
Chapel. with burial in Airing
ton Cemetery.
Evening star., 1962-05-25

retired citrus grower and apart
ment owner.
Mr.. Hartung was an hon.
orary life member of the Silver
Spring Elks Lodge 1877 and be-
longed to the Florida Citrus
Mutual. a growers group.
In addition to his wife he
leaves three daughters, Miss
Mary Ruth Hartung of Or
lando. Mrs. Dorothy Ashburn
and Mrs. Naomi Shook, both
of Baltimore; a stepdaughter
Mrs. Virginia E. Blocher, of /
Indian Spring drive. Silver
Spring; a son, Frederick A., of
Baltimore; a stepson, Frank B.,
of 1909 Piney Branch road,
Silver Spring, and two sisters
Pauline and Bertha Hartung,
both of Baltimore.
Services will be tomorrow in
! Orlando.
Evening star., 1962-05-25
Raymond L. Scoggs, 81,
Retired Kennel Owner

Raymond Lee Scaggs, GA, re-
tired owner Of the Upper Marl-
boro (Md0 Peter Pan Kennels,
died Sunday in the Veterans
Hospital at Tucson, Ariz., after
a brief illness. He had lived
in Tucson since his retirement
in 1916.
Mr.. Scaggs was a native of
the District and attended pub
lie schools and the Bliss Elec-
trical School. An active Boy
Scout, he was twice decorated
by President Woodrow Wilson.
While not of draft age, Mr..
Scaggs enlisted in the Army
Signal Corps in 1917, and
served with the occupation
Army in Germany. He partici-
pated in the Argonne and Cha
teau Thierry campaigns.
After World War I, Mr..
Scaggs owned his cwn electrical
wiring business in Prince
Georges County, before operat-
ing the Peter Pan Kennels. He
Evening star., 1962-05-25
Mrs. Marie D. BockstohIer,
Church Financial Secretary

Mrs. Marie D. Bockstahler,
financial secretary of Mount
Vernon Place Methodist
Church and formerly an as
sistant to ex Representative
Homer Ramey, Republican of
Ohio, died Wednesday at her
home, 2601 Sixteenth street
NV.
Mrs. Bockstahler came to
Washington in 1943 from her
native Toledo, Ohio, to join
Mr.. Ramey's staff.
She was member of Fort
Industry Chapter 391, Order
of the Eastern Star, of Toledo,
a past president of Vernon
McCune Post, American Legion
Evening star., 1962-05-25
Miles Spence Broy,
Attorney, Dies at 81

Miles Spence Bray. 81, an
attorney who once challenged
Arlington County's business tax
law and took it to the Virginia
Supreme Court. died Tuesday in
Arlington Hospital of cancer.
Mr.. Bray. represented by
another attorney. lost his ap-
peal in 1858 when the high
State Court upheld the courty'S
powers to impose taxes for
automobile license plates and
business and professional
licenses.
He had maintained a private
practice in Arlington since 1948,
and served as associate judge
of the Arlington County Court
in 1949-50.
Politically active, Mr.. Bray
had served as president of the
Evening star., 1962-05-25
Singleton M. Deffinbuuqh,
Silver Spring Insurance Man

the home address, 1904 Flower
avenue. Silver Spring: a son,
Robert. of 8420 Woodcliff court,
Silver Spring; a daughter, Mrs.
Margaret Anne Dove of Rome,
N. Y; a brother. Charles, Of
904 Sligo avenue, Silver Spring,
and two sisters, Mrs. Mary
Castles, 1882 Columbia road
NV. and Mrs. Margaret Nap
per, 1901 Wyoming avenue NV.
Services will be at IL am.
tomorrow at the Collins Funeral
1921 Fourteenth street
NV. Burial will be in Fort
Lincoln Cemetery.
Evening star., 1962-05-25

Auxiliary, of the White Shrine
of Jerusalem and Of the Ma
tional Pilot Club, a business
ladies' group.
Mrs. Bockstahler also be-
longed to the Woman's Soci-
ETY. for Christian Service of
Mount Vernon Place Methodist
Church, and to the Washing
ton Story League.
She leaves two sisters, Mrs.
Helen Klitzke of Toledo and
Mrs. Clara SEWERS of Rossford,
Ohio.
Services will be Monday at
8 pm. at the Eggleston-Mein-
ert Funeral Home, 1872 Main
street, Toledo.
Evening star., 1962-05-25

Arlington Democratic Club and
was on its executive committee
when he died. He lived at $50
North Nelson street, Arlington.
Served RFC
He served with the Federal
Government for Is years, first
with the Reconstruction FL
nance Corp. as an accountant
from 1932-37. and then as an
RFC attorney until I947. Dur
ing 1947-48, he served as Re-
gional Counsel for South Amer
lea of the Institute of Inter-
American Affairs in Lima, Peru.
A member of the District and
Arlington Bar Associations. Mr..
Bray also belonged to the Ar
lington Optimist Club.
A native of Daphne, Ala, Mr..
Bray received his BS and LIB
degrees from Southeastern Uni
verSity here. His ancestors
from Pittsylvania Coun-
ty, Va, to Alabama.
Headed Democrats
Mr.. Bray was past president
and a member of the executive
committee of the Arlington
Democratic Club and secretary
Democratic Club; secretary
treasurer Of Arlington County
Bar Association.
He leaves his wife, the for
mer Murel Cowsill of Washing
ton, now of the home address:
and three daughters, Karen
and Kanah Of the home ad-
dress, and Arlene of 1923 Twen-
ty-seventh street NV.
Memorial services were to be
at IL am. today at st. Georges
Episcopal Church. Arlington.
The family requests that ex-
pressions of sympathy be in
the form of contributions to
the Arlington County Chapter
of the American Cancer Soci-
ETY..
Evening star., 1962-05-25

Singleton Mountz Deffin-
baugh, So. a Silver Spring in
surance. salesman, died Wednes-
day after a heart attack while
fishing on Chesapeake Bay.
Born in Westernport, Md,
he moved with his family to
Silver Spring when he was 10.
He attended schools there and
in Takoma Park.
A member of the Silver Spring
Lions Club, Mr.. Deffinbaugh
was an avid fisherman and
knew most Of the Maryland
streams.
He leaves his wife, Anne, of
Evening star., 1962-05-25
House Action
Lifts Curb on
u. S. BUILDING

The House yesterday unani-
mously passed a Senate bill to
remove restrictions on the Fed
eral Government taking area
for Government buildings In
the District.
But an amendment to pro-
tect the power of Congress to
expand its own plant was
adopted. This sends the legis-
lation back to the Senate.
The Capitol architect and the
House Building Commission
would be furnished General
Services Administration build
ing plans before proposals go
to congressional committees,
under the House amendment.
The bill would permit imme-
diately the construction of $50
million Federal Bureau of In
vestigation Building on the
north side of Pennsylvania ave-
nue. in the vicinity of Ninth
street NV.
This site is outside the So
called taking" area reserved
for general use Federal build
ing. The area is bounded by
New York and Pennsylvania
avenues NV. on the north,
Delaware avenue S.W. on the
east, Virginia and Maryland
avenues projected to the Tidal
Basin southwest, on the south,
and the Potomac River on the
west.
The GSA could develop sites
anywhere in the city except
apparently on Capitol Hill un-
der the House version. A new
Library of Congress addition
is due to rise soon near the
Capitol.
Evening star., 1962-05-25

propriate the good will Of the
"Bufferin" label. ..-.
Named as defendants in the
suit, which seeks an injunc-
ton and damages, were Dart,
eight of its subsidiary stores
and Herbert H. Haft, described
as Darts controlling stock
holder.
Arthur Content, an attorney
who represents Dart, said that
the drug firm considers the
"Buffatran" name is "suffi-
GENTLY different" so that it does
not infringe the "Bufferin"
label.
Evening star., 1962-05-25

One hope to cut down on de-
lays in processing applications,
Mr.. Ladd added, is to develop
automated methods of checking
on whether an application con-
tains a new invention or is old
hat.
To this end, the Patent Of
flee is asking Congress for
$1.4 million research budget
for the coming fiscal year
twice what was in the past fis-
cal year Patent Office budget.
Evening star., 1962-05-25
AnuFatnuH

DAVIS. IDA LEAH. There will be
an unveiling Of q monument to the
memory Of IDA LEAH DAVIS. de-
voted mother and grandmother. on
gnoa; ma NAY lgS2 At I;30
lon, Mount Lebanon Cemetery.
Riggs and Adelphi rds, HyattS-
vale, Nd. Friends and relatives
invited. After the ceremony there
viii Be . eathering at o443 McBeth
s.. HyattSvtlls; Nd;
pAEIEL DAVIS. RUTH D POL
LOCK. 2O.25.26.27
FELKER, LOUIS. There will be an
unveiling of a monument to the
memory OF LOUIS FELKER on Sun
Gay, May 81, 1862, at l pm, at
the Ohev Sholom Cemetery. Friends
and relatives are invited
The FELKER FAMILY. 25,o7
NTTOWTTZ. JEAN c. There will be
an unveiling to the memory Of
JEAN c. NITOWTTZ on Sunday.
NAY %. 1862, at l pm, az King
David Memorial Garden. Lee hwy
Falls Church, Va. Friends and rel
ativeS invited.
HAROLD NITOwITZ.
2O25.26.21
sCHEER. FREDA. There will be an
unvslling Of a PLAGUE TO the memory
loved wife, on Sunday. May -. at
Cemetery. $500 Rises rd.. Hyatts-
vile. Nd. Relatives and friends
invited. JULES D. SCHEER. 20