davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-09-07
DAVID LAWRENCE

For the next so days busi-
nessmen. labor leaders and
stock market experts as
well as politicians-will all
be trying to guess what the
outcome Of the elections will
mean to them. VIII the
stock market crash If the
Democrats gain seats? viii
II go up If the Democrats lose
seats?
Certainly, one Of the most
important congressional elec-
tions in a half-century is
just q few weeks away. If it
goes one way-increasing the
Democratic membership
will be regarded as discour-
aging by businessmen. and
they may feel their future
planning will be impaired.
thus continuing a period Of
economic stagnation. If, on
the other hand, the Demo-
Gratis lose seats, especially in
the House Of Representatives,
the result could produce a
feeling Of optimism and con-
ceivably start a business
boom.
This Is because business
men will interpret a loss Of
Democratic seats as a defeat
for the little group Of advis-
ers of the President who
have led him into paths that
have brought dismay and
Illustration among business
men concerning their future.
The conservative bipartisan
coalition in Congress would,
of course, be strengthened
If Republican members were
added.
At present writing, 1t would
appear that there is a sub
stantial amount Of economic
discomfort in the country
which is usually translated
into votes against the party
in power. The Presidents rat
ing in public-opinion polls
recently has shown a marked
decline.
President Kennedy is plan
ming to take the stump to
help elect Democrats. but
this maneuver could prove to
be a political mistake. For
Evening star., 1962-09-07
BeIIigerent Senators Believed Forcing
Presidents Party to Meet Issue

and the administration in
recognizing the threat Of
Spanish power in Cuba"
Democrats who will have
to answer such attacks in
Congress doubt the replay
idea. but they agree that
Americans are uneasy about
the advent of Soviet techni-
clans in the rich island so
close to the American shore.
"Cuba is our Achilles heel
in foreign policy" acknowl-
edged a Kennedy spokesman.
Everywhere else the Presi-
dent is in command of the
situation and is widely sup
ported. People recognize the
danger Of being too aggres-
sive about Berlin, Southeast
Asia is far away and so Is
Africa. But Cuba is so close
and no one believes Moscow
would go to war for her"
What is generally perceived
also is that Mr.. Kennedy is
on the defensive regarding
Cuba because of the Bay Of
Pigs fiasco. He shouldered the
blame like a man and Presi-
dent should; his first speech
about it was brave. But
the w-through has been
weak while the exodus Of
Cuban refugees mounts and
the Russians in undetermined
numbers head for Havana.
The Alliance for Progress,
designed to weld the Latin
and South American coun-
tries into a strong co-partner
in this hemisphere, has not
succeeded in doing much of
anything. Military juntas
here and there suggest it may
never get well launched and
cast doubt on the real
value Of military aid to the
Americas.
So far, it is the conserva-
Evening star., 1962-09-07

GENEVA, Sept. z (AP).-
The 17-nation disarmament
conference began a two-month
recess today after adopting a
mo progress" report to the
United Nations Assembly meet
ing in New York September
Is.
After six months of discus
sion the conferees had pro-
duced a wordy preamble to a
general disarmament treaty
and apparently nothing else.
Today's report to the assem-
bly,, which authorized the con-
ference, was worked out by
conference Cochairmen Arthur
H. Dean Of the United States
and Vastly v. Kuznetsov of the
Soviet Union and is a brief
factual account Of the pro-
ceedings since the current
meeting began March IA.
Nearly all delegates expressed
regret about the conferences
failure to make any headway
on issues of disarmament, in
cluding a treaty banning nu-
clear weapons tests.
Calls On Russians
Mr.. Dean appealed to the
Soviet Union to join the West
ern powers in bringing about
disarmament, which he called
a substitute way of maintain
ing national security"
He warned that something
must be done soon to halt the
arms race before the will to
do so degenerates into despair. .
Mr.. KuznetSov said that "i1
one filters the sea Of words
pronounced here" in nearly
700 speeches and digs the
Evening star., 1962-09-07

.MAMowe eIs
Evening star., 1962-09-07
DORIS FLEESON

In a fresh outbreak Of bel
ligerence toward Castro's
Cuba, Senators are all but
telling President Kennedy to
furnish the troops and they
will furnish the war.
He is unlikely to oblige,
but he and his party will
have to meet the issue in the
campaign. With his accus-
toned candor, Senator Barry
Goldwater has sounded the
tocsin for the attack.
The Goldwater pronounce
ment is the more interesting
in that "a hours earlier
Republican Senate Leader
Dirksen had said that Cuba
was not a campaign issue.
Moderate Republicans may
be expected to side with
Senator Dirksen, and to that
extent the issue will be divi-
Sive Of their party.
Indeed, Senator Goldwater
seemed to be replying to Sem
ator Dirksen when he said
the American people have
made the Soviet build-up a
campaign issue and nothing
the leaders of either party
can say" will change the sit
uation. Senator Goldwater
even seemed to have in mind
that famous message of the
late william Randolph Hearst
to artist Frederick Reming-
ton just prior to the Span
ish-American war.
Remington had cabled
Hearst he could find no war
to paint. The publisher
cabled back orders for Rem
ington to furnish the pic
lures and he would furnish
the war. The situation today,
according to Senator Gold
water, is "a replay" of 1898
when the American people
were far ahead Of Congress
Evening star., 1962-09-07
GonzuIez' Opponent
Quits House Race

SAN ANTONIO, Tex, Sept.
Z tAP) DIR. s. Thomas Green
burg, Republican, Representa-
tive Henry B. Gonzalez Repub-
lican opponent in the Novem-
ber election, withdrew from the
congressional race yesterday.
DR.. Greenburg, president of
Incarnate Word College. was
nominated by write-in votes in
the Republican primary May S.
Evening star., 1962-09-07
DORIS FLEEsoN
Cuba Gets Into the Campaign

tives in both parties who
constitute the Goldwater po-
litical shock troops. But it is
a tempting issue for many
since it allows free complaint
without responsibility for ac-
ton. Also, the careful cam
paigner can bring in his
favorite target, the State
Department, avoiding the
challenge direct to the Presi-
dent.
Evening star., 1962-09-07
More U. S. Food
Slated for Congo
Rr the A.sociated Pres

The Agriculture Department
will provide the Congo with
an additional $S,25o.OOO worth
Of farm products under the
Food for Peace program. The
value includes certain ocean
transportation costs.
The Congo will pay for the
commodities in its own cur
rency, some Of which may be
used for economic development
there. Included are dried whole
milk. non-fat dry milk. canned
milk, butter and cheese.
This brings to 1904 million
the value of farm products fur
nished the Congo since last
November.
Evening star., 1962-09-07

return trip. But they did not
return as chaStened and PEN
itent allies of the reformers.
purged now Of their evil ca
pacity to run a party.
They retained the ability
for practical leadership, an
ability which the reformers
had not got and will never
get. But the party. if that is
what it had become, was now
in other hands, and those
who could lead had nothing
now to lead. So they re-
turned. the old bosses, only
to watch in melancholy sat-
isfaction the crumbling Of
the dreams Of the reformers,
knowing very well what was
bound to happen. The re-
formers-Mrs. Eleanor Roose-
velt, former Gov. Herbert
Lehman and others-were
themselves fated to break
apart.
The self-righteousneSs. and
ineptitude of most Of their
SruSading colleagues became,
at last and at times. too
much even for Mr.. Lehman
and for James Lanigan, the
Greenwich village leader
who had worked to great
avail in the unseating of the
Old Guard. For Mr.. Lehman
and Mr.. Lanigan have, at any
rate. two things in common:
A sense Of fairness and toll
erance, and an adult political
skill.
Now the position is that
four Democrats, none ter
ribly we'll known, are earn
eStly vying for the Demo-
cratic gubernatorial nomina-
ton and thus for the honor
Of being soundly defeated by
the Republican Governor,
Nelson Rockefeller, in No
vember. 1t is said darkl y
among some Of these as
pirants that the fourth, Ro-
Evening star., 1962-09-07
162 Bi-Election Comp0ign Viewed as One
OF Most Inportont in HoH-C Century

there are some observers who
believe his intervention in the
current campaign on an active
basis viii result in lining up
votes against the Democratic
nominees for Congress. This
is because many voters will
tend to express their resent
ment in regard to certain po-
licies of Mr.. Kennedy by vot-
ing against the very congress
sional nominees he indorses.
One Of the biggest in
fluences today against the
Democrats in the northern
States emerges from the con-
troversies that have arisen
over taxation. Thus, Mr..
Kennedy's espousal of med
ical care for the aged would
seem at first glance to be an
advantage for him politically
with the older citizens. But
this is offset to a large ex-
tent among those same
groups by the antagonism
created by the proposal to re-
quire savings banks and other
institutions to withhold. for
tax purposes. portions of the
interest and dividends due in
dividuals.
Even though the measure
passed by the House-is not
likely to be enacted into law
in the current tax bill, there
is every reason to believe it
will be revived in January,
and if the Democratic ma
jority in Congress has been
augmented. the chances Of
passage Of this particular
provision will be increased.
This is but one of many
far-reaching proposals on
taxation that will play a
part in the coming congress
sional campaign. Thus, the
recommendation from a high
Treasury official that citi-
zens no longer be permitted
to get a deduction for in
terest payments on mortgages
on their homes was side
tracked by Congress. The fact,
however, that it had strong
support from Mr.. Kennedy's
advisers has aroused fear
that, If a larger number Of
Democrats are elected in No
vember, the proposal will be
Evening star., 1962-07-22

A priest who works in the
barrios told a reporter that
families as they are known
elsewhere, scarcely exist.
THE men can't support a
family or accept responsibility.
From month to month they
drift from one woman to an
other. leaving each one with
more children" he said.
Fe y Algeria. charity spon-
sored by Venezuelan Roman
Catholics. estimates there are
at least 10000 abandoned chill
dren in the Caracas Ranches.
Alliance Program to Aid
Recently an Alliance for
Progress program was an
nounced with the goal of elm
mating the ranches by 1875.
More than $210 million will be
spent through the Caracas city
government to build $4,000 liv-
ing quarters. More than 5000
are scheduled to be built dur
ing the first year along with
sewage and other facilities.
Antonio Cruz Fernandez, d.
rector Of the Municipal Office
Of Urban Planning, says it is
not q complete solution, how
ever. He said national unem-
ployment must be cured and
that agrarian reform and in
dustrialization programs must
be the final answer.
Evening star., 1962-07-22
India Warned
By Red Chinese

TOKYO, July 81 (AP).-Red
China again warned India to-
day mot to make wrong cal
culations" in their border dis
pute.
The New China news agency,
quoting the official Peiping
Peoples Daily, said: "The Chi
neSe people have never been
intimidated by any threat of
imperialism and the reaction
aries. Do the Indian authori-
ties really think that China
will submit to the Indian threat
of force?"
The official newspaper said
a clash along the border has
so far been avoided only be-
cause the Chinese troops have
refrained from hitting back
at the intruding Indian troops. "
Evening star., 1962-07-22
Unrest Breeding
General Strike

BUENOS AIRES, Argentina,
July 81 (AP) II have never
joined q strike in my life, but
this time :" said reSentful
Juan Andres Correa, q 24-year-
old clerk in the Argentine law
courts.
This time" should be Au-
gust /, when a nationwide Az
hour general strike has been
decreed by restive leaders Of
the powerful General Confed-
Grafton of Labor to emphasize
the growing discomfort Of eco
nomically pinched Argentines.
Mr.. Correa is not a member
of the confederation. But his
salary has not been paid for
more than two months now,
and his wife has Just had a
baby. His trouble is minor
compared to that Of q growing
number Of workers laid off by
metallurgical and textile plants.
Most Argentines-and even
seasoned professional politi-
clans are now coming around
to believe it-are not too wor-
ried about their country's po-
litical status. with a president,
Jose Maria Guido, who Is
neither a dictator nor q con-
stitutional ruler, with military
leaders suspected Of running
the whole show. .
But they are worried about
their money and their salaries
and the terrific cost of living
which by some estimates has
rocketed so per cent in a year.
The confederation-the once
mammoth labor organization
i of dictator Juan Peron, and
which even now boasts three
million MEMBERSHIPS not been
able to stage a truly paralyzing
general strike in a year. But
this time, the decision to strike
at the start Of the month. seems
unanimous.
Economy Minister Alvaro Al
Sogaray is now after help from
the United States, through the
Alliance for Progress and other
means, to bolster Argentine
finances. But he has stated
Eagain and again that foreign
cooperation should only be a
supplement to Argentina's own
sacrifices and efforts.
His friends say he is deeply
worried that, if no foreign help
is forthcoming, Argentina's s
economy and its whole way Of
living will be at stake.
Evening star., 1962-07-22

technicians are blasting and
digging their way through a
forbidding desert Of granite to
realize that ancient dream.
This is the Aswan high dam,
16 times bigger than Egypt's
Great Pyramid and the proud
show piece of President Mas
ser's socialist revolution, which
celebrates its 10th anniversary
Monday.
Up to now, 21a years after
President NasSer set off the
first dynamite blast, no con-
struction blocks the sweeping
current here, 450 miles south of
Cairo. But nightly on the east
bank, when the heat drops from
its daytime temperature of 12O
degrees, lights flare across the
desert and growing Soviet
power shovels chew 1000 tons
Of rock from the granite cliffs.
Bypass Being Dug
The digging is for a mile
long bypass canal. When this Is
complete, with tunnels for IL
giant electric turbines, two cof-
ferdams will be erected and
work on the main dam begun.
Target date for finishing this
wall, rising $40 feet from the
sandy riverbed, is 1868.
Cost Of the project is $1,162,-
900 900. The Russians are put
ting up 1924 million.
Most Of the Russians come on
at sundown and work through
the night. The day shifts do the
dynamiting and overhaul ma
chinery.
give months ago we were
behind schedule because OF
faults in the equipment" said
Ibrahim Zaki, Americ a n :
trained engineer who is deputy
director Of the project. Nov
these problems are solved and
we have caught. up."
Soviet boring rigs were de-
signed specially for Aswan. But
Evening star., 1962-07-22

Egyptians say much of the
equipment was cold weather
machinery that broke down in
the heat. until alterations were
made. One engineer called it
big and bulky. like everything
Russian, but good"
Size Overwhelming
The overwhelming size Of the
project can been seen from the
300-foot cliffs on the river bank.
Against an endless desert of
sand and granite, 25-ton trucks
or electric shovels that bite off
chunks the size of an American
sedan look like toys.
The dam is to give Egypt an
additional million acres of
farmland and provide cheap
electricity for industry. So great
will be the results, the govern
ment claims, that the project
will earn its cost in two years.
In Aswan itself, a dusty town
where gull-like felucca boats
glide past the eucalyptus trees
and the Aga Khan's tomb,
changes are already apparent.
Population has almost doubled
to 50,000-in 10 years.
Evening star., 1962-07-22
DATELINE CARACAS
Rancho DweIIers
Economic Problem

CARACAS, Venezuela, July 81
(AP).-A belt of squalor and
mocks the modern glitter
Of this fantastically wealthy
city, the capital of the worlds
biggest oil exporting nation.
More than 100000 illiterates
of mostly Indian blood-many
half starved and half lf-clothed-
exist in battered shacks called
ranches.
Ranches tester on surround
ing hills like rubbish piles, in
ravines which cross through the
city, or in the most plush resi-
Dental areas.
Some of the younger rancho
children run naked in the dusty
settlements. Older ones shine
shoes or simply beg on the busy
downtown boulevards.
Quarter Of Population
Rancho dwellers make up a
quarter of the Caracas popula-
ton but most came from the
interior region near the Andes
mountains.
City officials say thousands
more come each year. seeking
jobs or an easier way Of life
in the big city, despite admoni-
tions of the government to stay
where they are.
But it's easy to build a
rancho" said one official. "You
can pick a scrap pile and get
discarded corrugated metal
sheets for the roof, blocks for
furniture and box wood for
walls. They sometimes improve
their place as they find more
material"
Heating is no problem in
tropical Caracas and rancho
people keep the tin roofs intact
despite torrential rains, by pill
ing rocks on the top.
Families Scarcely Exist
A rancho mother of sever
showed a reporter her one.
room dirt-floor shack. She
made coffee on an ancient but
clean kerosene stove. Where
was her husband?
He left before Juan JoSt
there was born" she answered
Evening star., 1962-07-22
DATELINE ASWAN
Egypt's Big Dam
Is Going Ahead

ASWAN, United Arab Repub-
lie, July 81 (AP).-Four thou
sand years ago a pharaoh named
Amen Mem Haat dreamed of
harnessing the mighty Nile
River to bring prosperity to the
peasants Of Egypt.
Today a swarm Of 1900 Egyp-
tians and $40 sweating Russian
Evening star., 1962-07-22
The AP World Spotlight
First Swap
Olive TV
Due Monday
15-Minute Shows
Will Be Watched
By 200 Million
BY EDDY GILMORE
Associated Press Staff Writer


LONDON, July 81. Europe
and the United States will try
On Monday to bounce the
worlds first formal exchange of
live televiSion shows off the
orbiting satellite Telstar.
British TV officials estimate
200 million persons on both
sides of the Atlantic will watch
the swap.
The European Broadcasting
usa4on said in Geneva each Of
the eaSt-west programs would
last Is minutes.
The transmission from the
United States to Europe is
scheduled between 8 and $3.50
pm. EDIT. The second part of
the program-from Europe to
the United States-will follow
ct about 6 pm. EST. All three
United States networks are
planning to carry both broad
casts live.
123d and 124th Orbits
America will aim its pro-
gram at Telstar on the satel-
Mte,s 123d orbit. Europe will
beam its contribution at the
TeIstar on its 124th orbit.
Europeans are expected to-
see part of President Kennedy's
news conference and a concert
b. the 350-voice Mormon Tab
ernacle choir on South Da-
kota's Mount Rushmore.
The British Broadcasting
Corps ace commentator, Rich
ard Dimblely, will be master
of ceremonies for the European
side and will speak, of course,
IN English. Americans should
view a varied and exciting mix
tnre of old and new from the
Old World. Here's a preview
Of the country-by-country Of
fering:
Britain The famous Beef
eaters of the Tower Of London
in medieval uniforms, Magma
Carta at the British Museum.
Big Ben clock atop the Houses
OF Parliament, a lifebcat put
ting out to sea at Lands End
and Britain's hovercraft gliding
on q cushion of air across the
waters of the Solent, between
the Isle of Wight and the main
land.
Austria-The white Lipizza-
Iier stations of Vienna's famed
Spanish riding school. This was
q spectacle that Mrs. Jacque-
line Kennedy especially asked
to see when she visited Vienna
with the President last sum-
Iner. Three cameras will pick
UP the horses in action from
the heart Of Old Vienna.
School chief Col. Alois Podkaj-
SKY, will lead the snow-white
horses and their riders in their
Split-second drill.
1taly-Closeup views Of Mi
chelangelo's paintings in the
Vatican's Sistine Chapel a view
Of Rome's beautiful colosseum
at night, fishing off the Sicilian
coast and a glimpse of Richard
Wagner'S opera Lohengrin from
an open air theater amid the
ruins of the Roman baths Of
Caracalla.
France--Gay scenes Of Paris
spectacular Champs Elysees,
one of the most beautiful thor
oughfares in the world; the
Arch of Triumph; a visit to the
Louvre Museum, home of the
Mona Lisa; and a sequence on
the French news agency,
Agence France PreSse.
West Germany-Scenes at a
big steel mill at Duisburg in the
industrial Ruhr. with the fea-
ture a closeup shot of a huge
bast furnace in operation.
throwing fire into the night
skies.
Sweden-Scenes from Gaelli-
ware above the Arctic Circle.
These will feature the Lapp
people and reindeer.
Switzerland-Shots Of the
European center for nuclear
research.
The European show also may
include an offering from Bel
grade, capital Of Yugoslavia.
Evening star., 1962-07-22
DATELINE STOCKHOLM
Difficult Choice
Facing Sweden

STOCKHOLM, Sweden, July
q (AP) High prosperity and
full employment are what you
find in Sweden today. But there
is creepisg imitation, too, and
the nation is gripped by fear
that the good time it has en-
joyed since World War II may
be replaced by a hard fight for
economic survival.
Prosperous Sweden faces the
prospect that it may be isolated
from the booming European
community developing from the
Common Market. This could
lead to a political and economic
crisis here.
What will happen If this
nation of 71a million is ex-
cluded from the six-nation
Common Market which may
eventually embrace Britain and
JULIET COuIltIlC lCS:
Hard Questions Appear
Heartsearching questions and
comments come from steel and
farm workers and from bankers
and industrialists reflecting the
acute concern of Swedes over
this prospect:
will there be a crisis and
will I lose my job?"
Many small industries will
be killed off and the big indus
tries will be hard hit"
Sweden will be squeezed in
the middle. Norway and Den
mark will be trading with the
West and Finland has heavy
trade with the East. Well be
caught in the middle"
Sweden, like neutral Austria
and Switzerland, is seeking
association with the Common
Market. But there is opposition,
Evening star., 1962-07-22

because these countries are
politically neutral. There Is
some concern in West Europe
that any such association
would dilute the political as
poets Of the Treaty Of Rome,
the charter Of the Common
Market.
Can't Have 1t Both Ways
Some West European leaders
insist the neutrals cannot have
it both ways: They cannot
benefit from economic integra-
ton without accepting the
drastic limitations accepted by
the other Common Market
partners to sovereignty in COM
merce.
So the outlook for the three
neutrals to win associate mem
bership in the Common Market
is doubtful. And Sweden thus
faces the prospect Of isolation
from the economic community
that may one day embrace
close to 800 million persons.
A flourishing foreign trade Is
vital to Sweden. In proportion
to population, Sweden'S ex-
change Of goods with other
countries is among the worlds
highest. About q fifth Of its
total production Is exported.
But IL Sweden is left outside
the common market, its indus
tries will face higher tariffs on
a large part Of their exports.
For example, about 40 per cent
Of Sweden's iron and steel ex-
ports go to common market ma
tionS.
Farm Products Hit Also
Sweden's agriculture SINH
larly would be hit. Nearly 80
per cent Of Sweden's exports of
agricultural products 60 to
West Europe. The Common
Market countries alone take 40
per cent.
So Sweden will pursue the
quest for associate membership
in the growing West European
trade bloc. But all political par
ties agree this country will not
apply for full membership in
volving acceptance Of political
obligations.
There is no doubt that the
SwedeS, if they must choose
between the Common Market
and neutrality, will take neu-
trality and with it an economic
isolation almost as acue as that
of the country during World
War II.
Evening star., 1962-07-22

pATELINE BUENos AIRES