davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-15
Job to Be Done

At one point in his surprising teSti-
mony on the inner loop freeway, Com
missioner Tobriner told the House Dis
trtct Appropriations Subcommittee that
even the most heroic efforts to assist
displaced families would be utterly
wasted because these people have no
place to co."
Since then, Mr.. Tobriner is reported
to have reversed his position once again
to the extent of supporting the 18th
Street (S.E.) leg of the inner loop, with
the understanding that decent replace
ment housing will be found for the dis
places. We hope this is the case.
For If his original statement were
accurate-and we are convinced it was
not-the question would not be one of
merely delaying single section of the
inner loop. It would mean that the
District might just as well forget its
entire freeway program, not to mention
the vital urban renewal projects pro-
posed for the years ahead and, for that
matter, even an effective rapid transit
system. Each Of these programs will
displace large numbers of people, some
OF whom will need low-coSt housing.
Engineer Commissioner Clarke re-
minded the subcommittee that while
the provision of adequate replacement
housing is difficult problem, there is
no reason to throw up ones hands in
defeat. AS he put it: 1.-THE capability
OF Washington to provide an adequate
quantity Of housing was demonstrated
in the decade from 1850 to 1860 when,
while the city lost population and dis
mantled approximately $500 units in
the Southwest, there was a net addition
OF more than $4,000 housing units"
Moreover, about As per cent Of the hous-
ing which would be demolished by the
east leg freeway was found by the 1860
census to be substandard in quality.
Charles A. Horsky, whose organization,
the Washington Planning and Housing
Association, is primarily concerned with
the plight Of low-income families, placed
the issue in perspective the other day
with these words: 81 do not believe we
need abandon any of our fundamental
planS-for the inner loop or anything
else -. We can relocate and rehouse
people displaced by government action,
including the highway program, If we
are willing to recognize what has to
be done and then get together and do it."
Fortunately the Commissioners al
ready have initiated steps to develop
an adequate relocation program. Now
that the issue has been raised so force
fully in relation to the inner loop, 1t
is hardly likely that any family would
be displaced from the Eleventh street
route until decent quarters somewhere
else were available. In recognition of
this fact, we hope that the Appropria-
tions subcommittee approves the neceS-
Sary funds for the east leg project to
proceed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-15
A BOOK FOR TO-DAY
Black NotionoIism: A Search
BY DONALD MINTZ

hammad are entirely I'M
armed.
In his view, the 'Q1ate" that
the movement breaches is not
much different from the view
of outsiders taken by any
chiliaStic religion. The unjust
world-in this case, the white
world-will be eliminated in
a dreadful holocaust, but the
catastrophe will be of super
natural origin, not the result
Of a human uprising. This
same Armageddon will place
all power in the hands Of the
colored races Of the world.
The strange religion Of the
group is described in consid-
cradle detail. DR.. Essien-
Udom points out that most
foreign Moslems dispute the
contention that Muhammad
is a Legitimate teacher Of
Islam. They say that despite
the use Of a few prayers and
occasional quotations from
the Koran, he relies mainly
on the Bible and that his
doctrines are directly OPP
posed to MoSlem doctrines
and purely a personal mat
ter" He adds-and here his
prejudices show that "the
Islamic Center supported by
Arab governmental in WASH
ington, D. c., has not failed
to stab the Muslims when
ever it can" Qn DR.. Essien-
Udom's photography, Mos
lem" refers to followers Of
Islam in general, Muslin"
to followers of Elijah Mu-
hammad)
The Nation Of Islam ap-
peals primarily to the alien
lated Negro masses. While 1t
does not relieve white society
of its responsibility for the
Negro ghettos Of the North
and the resulting psychology
ical damage, it insists that
the Negro community must
look to its own resources to
improve its moral and eco
nomic conditions.
While DR.. Essien-Udom's
Sympathies are clear, his lack
of knowledge about the gen.
eral history of minorities in
America emerges only occa-
Sionally from chance re-
marks. And this lack Of
knowledge limits his feeling
for the various alternatives
that may open for the Negro.
He does not, for example,
seem to understand that mil
lions Of people combine total
political loyalty to the United
States with the preservation
Of many aspects Of the cul-
ture of the "old country" and
a deep sentimental attach
ment to the land of their
ancestors origin.
But read with care, sympa-
thy and a sharp eye for in
ternal contradictions, BLACK
NationaliSm" is an important
contribution to the under
standing not only Of the Ma
ton Of Islam but Of q num-
Der of grave social problems.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-15
Israeli Issue

A few days ago a Washing
ton newspaper carried a large
advertisement by the Ameri-
can Israel Public Affairs
Committee, Of Washington,
based on a document said to
have been signed by a large
number of members Of the
House of Representatives,
urging a settlement of Israe-
li-Arabic difficulties.
1t is my understanding that
the basic cause of these diff
ferences is the fact that,
when the state of Israel was
created a decade or so ago,
the Arabs who had lived in
the area for roughly 1900
years we're driven out and
tn cir property confiscated
without compensation, and
that these acts, chiefly that
Of lack of reimbursement for
their property, is the basic
cause of the differences. I
also understand that the
United N ations repeatedly
has urged that Israel make
such reimbursement to the
displaced Arabs, but that the
recommendation as often has
been ignored by Israel.
Under these circumstances,
how can the Arabic nations
feel friendly toward the West
ern nations? Why does not
our State Department inter-
cede in an effort to have
such reimbursement made?
Col. c. l. Kephart.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-15
Scare Talk in Seattle

Republican National Chairman Will
liam E. Miller treated his party associ-
ates to pretty strong dose of scare
talk when he warned them during the
past week end that ''we'd better win
this year or we may never win again."
Presumably this is sort of psychology
cal warfare technique by which the
G. o. P. field commander hopes to whip
up his troops to a do-or-die effort in
the coming months, and 1t may, in fact,
help to register some victories. II it
has note of defeatism (long-term
Variety to it, no doubt Mr.. Miller and
other party spokesman will face the
future with customary political fortitude
regardless of the results next Novem-
Der 6.
Actually, speaking at a committee
meeting in the Worlds Fair city of Seat
tie, Mr.. Miller did have more positive
theme than "win-or else" His stated
goal is the Republican capture of the
House of Representatives plus the gov
ernorshipS in a half-dozen key States.
In House that currently is divided
263 to 174 in favor of the Democrats,
an outright shift to Republican ma
jority would be astonishing. Something
considerably less than that could be
interpreted as a meaningful party sue
cess. And precedent favors the G. o. P.
on this score, since only once in the
past so years, in 1884, has minority
party failed to make gains in the House
in the middle of presidential term.
AS for the governorships, now
standing at "a to 16 in favor of the
Democrats, even a few key gains at
that level could be Of great Importance
to the future grass-roots strength of
the Republican Party. And at this stage
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-15

A Baltimore Sun correspondent, in
an excellent report from Kasai in the
former Belgian Congo, has had this to
say: Even today, with the United Ma
lions solidly ensconced and the Belgians
dribbling back, the poor farmers in the
bush are faced with the bleak prospect
that conditions will get worse before
they get better. {. For most Africans
IN this vast province =. independence
has been sorry, hungry, bloodstained
mockery. So great is the disillusion-
ment that Congolese who once thought
sovereignty would mean an end to work
and poverty now plaintively ask mis-
sionarieS when this independence will
be over Hurt by initiation and the little
their money will buy, they talk dis
paragingly" Of the freedom that sud-
denly became theirS-with wild aban-
don and convulsion-two years ago this
month.
The views of these people consti-
tute kind Of pathetic footnote to the
history Of modern-day Africa and the
winds Of change" that are blowing
there, along with the innumerable and
inSufferably demagogic voices that
keep on insiSting-with a grim mixture
OF stridency and irrationality-that this
will be the best of all possible worlds
just as soon as the generally illiterate
and bitterly warning tribes of the Dark
Continent are declared to be ipdepen-
dent and fully qualified to become SOW
ereign members Of the United Nations.
AS the report from Kasai indicates, this
adds up to crazy and altogether tragic
distortion Of reality. 1t is something to
be kept carefully in mind as the u NJ,
particularly the Afro-Asian members
working in concert with the Soviet bloc,
keeps on voting in favor of self-rule for
peoples who obviously are not yet ready
for 1t.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-15
Bad Day in June

In a prominent place on
the front page of the Society
part of The Sunday Star,
some reporter on the Queens
birthday party at the appro-
pirate embassy would have
us think that Tennyson wrote
the line, What is so rare as
a day in June?" AS many
years as this old quotation
has been knocking around
America, it is hard to see
how anyone employed as a
reporter could attribute it to
a British poet. The real au-
thor was, of course, James
Russell Lowell, and the poem
is 1.-The Vision of Sir Laun-
fall" What a boo-boo!
The Star has a lot Of mis-
prints in the daily paper, to
which people are growing &C
cuStomed, but a week or two
ago it had the word "Artic"
showing plainly in an arti-
Gle in the Sunday magazine.
pertaining to arctic research.
Who does your proofreading2
Your janitor?
], G. Richardson.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-15
Not Only Baggage

AS q result OF the recent
airplane disaster in the Mid
west, in which over 40
lives were lost and which is
generally believed to have
been due to a bomb which
had been brought aboard,
there has been a demand that
all baggage of incoming pas
sengers be thoroughly in
Spected.
There certainly are other
fundamental things as well
as baggage which seem to
need careful inspection. Not
too long ago a plane, char
tered by the Government
from a company whose
planes had a very poor safe
ty record, crashed in lower
Virginia taking over 10
young lives of new military
personnel. There is a suspi-
cion that too many of the
aircraft chartered by the
Government to transport
military personnel to the
European and Pacific the
aters are sub-standard and
not "seaworthy."
Elizabeth ID. Fish.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-15
LETTERS TO THE STAR

ate arrangements not only to
fall back toward the James
River, but to fight Lee in
the coming battle. As he did
later at Antietam, he massed
his artillery on a plateau on
Malvern Hill where the guns
could concentrate on any
part of the field, the en-
placements being behind and
above the infantry.
When Lee attacked, his
army could not gain any
ground, and his losses were
so heavy that he broke off
the battle and retired to
Richmond to recruit and re-
cover. That Is the thing that
many writers about Stuart
omit from their narratives.
Incidentally. when Lee was
about to invade Pennsyl-
vania, Stuart rode off and
did not appear until after
Lee was engaged at Gettys-
burg. Charles Coulter.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-15
BLACK NATIONALS

BLACK NATIONALISM, a
Search for an Identity in
America. By E. U. Essien-
Udom. 367 pages, illus
trated. university of Chi
cago Press; $685.
The subject of BLACK Ma
tionalism" is less broad than
the title and subtitle imply.
For despite a chapter on the
history Of black nationalism
in the United States, and
passing references to this
or that group the book is
concerned first and foremost
with the Nation of Islam.
the so-called American Black
Muslims - its leaders and
tenets.
This Is all to the good.
Ever since 1859 there has
been discussion and concern
about the group. Yet solid
information has been hard
to find.
DR.. E. U. EsSien-Udom is
a Nigerian sociologist now on
the staff Of the Center for
International Affairs at Har-
ward. BLACK nationalism" is
a scholarly work. Judging by
its style and organization, it
may be a revision of the au-
thor's doctoral dissertation
for the University of Chicago.
Scholarly" is sometimes
supposed to mean lacking a
firm point of view" Not so
here. For while DR.. Essien-
Udom has gathered and eval-
uated information in accord
ance with the rules of his
profession, he interprets it in
the light of a clear personal
view.
Neither white nor Negro
middle class society,"" he
writes, "offers a way out for
the Negro masses" Earlier.
we are told that the world
view and philosophy (of the
Negro middle class is a naive
individualism, The road to
success for the majority of
them lies in trying to escape
psychologically from their
identity as Negroes and in
practicing an unmitigated
opportunism."
1t follows that DR.. Essien-
Udom is sympathetic to the
Separation - one is almost
tempted to say segregation
iSm"-of Elijah Muhammad
and the Nation of Islam and
shares at least some of their
hostility towards groups like
the NAACP and the Urban
League.
The great fuss about the
Nation of Islam has been
caused by the unbridled rhet-
oric Of its leaders and the
resultant fear that the move
ment breaches violence and
"b la ok supremacy" DR..
ESSEN = Udom demonstrates
convincingly that the ma
ton" is against violence ex-
cept in immediate self
defense. The guards who
move about with Mr.. Mu-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-15
PARIS.

EAGt4os
It takes no unusual skill
with q crystal ball to fore
see that the fate Of Algeria
may be decided well before
the vote on independence
two weeks from now.
Starting with the vote It
self, everything that is sup
posed to happen in Algeria
over the next year or 50 is
based on a number Of inter-
locking assumptions. And re-
Gently some of these basic
assumptions have been show
ing signs of coming unstuck.
So far as most people here
are concerned the result of
the vote is a foregone con-
clusion. A large majority is
expected to approve agree
ments worked out at EVAN
between the Algerian Ma
tionalist FIN and the French
government, providing for an
independent Algeria closely
linked to France by economic
and sentimental ties.
Once these basic agree
ments are ratified the time
table to be followed is clear
enough.
In theory at least, Algeria
would Immediately become
a sovereign and independent
state. In fact, however, since
there is no elected govern
ment, the transfer Of author
ity would take place over a
period of time. Full author
ity would not be assumed I'M
til the election of the Alger-
ian assembly and the for1na-
ton of a government after
the end Of July.
In the meantime, French
High Commissioner Christian
Fouchet would remain re-
sponSible for the French
Army in Algeria, which would
continue to guarantee the
security Of the state. In order
to reassure Europeans who
still fear a general massacre
after the proclamation of
independence, no sudden
withdrawal of French forces
is planned.
Instead, the army will be
withdrawn over a years time.
down to the level of 10000
provided for in the Evian
agreements. The first major
military move will be the
opening Of the heavily forth
fled frontiers with Tunisia
and Morocco and the gradual
entry into Algeria of the ma
tionalist army.
In all this process the
rights and guarantees Of
safety for the European pop
ulation are carefully spelled
out. AS a blueprint for the
orderly liquidation of the
long-standing and bitter CO.
lonial problem, the Evian
agreement provides a highly
workable plan.
Control Of FIN Is Key
Whether or not this order
ly schedule can be followed,
however, depends on whether
the moderate elements of the
FIN - who negotiated the
Evian agreements in the first
place-remain in control Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-15

Of the campaign, g. o. P. prospects are
considered reasonably bright in major
States now Democratic controlled
Pennsylvania, Michigan, Ohio and per-
hapS California-along with the prob
ability Of holding New York.
1t will be a shock to the Republi-
cans If they fall substantially short of
the customary mid-term gains. Even
in this event, however, it hardly would
assure that they would never win
again" Cheer up, Mr.. Miller.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-15
Day Care Centers

Inc ID. e. Department OF
Public Welfare is moving in
the right direction when it
sets UP relief offices in,
neighborhood centers. About
% per cent Of the persons on
relief live in the low cost
housing centers.
We also read that So mil
lion can be saved If the re-
lief rolls were freed of the
"chiselers." It would indeed
be money well spent If some
Of that amount could be used
for DAY Care Centers" to
enable the adults to work
while the children were prop
erly looked after. During the
war years and up to 1850,
the District had Federally
subsidized day care centers.
AS soon as Federal money
was withdrawn we closed our
centers. Other cities contin-
ued to run their centers,
notably New York City,
which now has 118 such CEN
tiers, the majority related to
low-cost housing. In fact no
housing program in New
York is approved without
making provisions for day
care facilities.
With the closing Of our
day care centerS, our relief
load aim ost tripled. For
about a year our Department
of Welfare has been refrain
ing mothers to get them off
the relief rolls. The program
has been handicapped by not
having day care available for
the mothers to use while they
worked. Are the children to
be left on the streets or are
they to Join the army of
key children" who are left
to their own devices while
the mothers work?
The Commissioners have
asked Congress for 500, 1000
to purchase day care wher-
ever they can find it. Actu-
ally the only group facilities
available through UGF funds
are oversubscribed. The
League of Women Voters of
D. c. and other organizations
asked the House Committee
on Appropriations to set up
one pioneer day care center
adjacent to or q part Of a
housing center. Again may I
hope that some part of the
money to be saved from re-
lief rolls be used for the
children, who are not to
blame for the faults and mis-
takes of adults.
Nettie POdell Gutenberg.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-15

planning to the visitors from
outer space that these huge
blocks are not the teeth Of
an ancient dinosaur but the
brain child Il use the word
brain loosely Of an earth
man.
M. M. Malloy.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-15

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDriters' correct
names and addresses. All let
tiers are subject to condensG-
ton. Those not used tpiH be
returned only Dhen accom-
panied BY self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-15
WATCHING THE WORLD
Tragedy Hangs Over Algeria

the movement and Of the
mass Of Moslem voters. In
the last few days q number
of developments have raised
doubts about this basic as
sumption.
Among the most impor-
tant Of these developments
has been the setback Of me-
gotiations in Algiers between
the moderates Of the FIN and
representatives of the Euro
pean community in Algeria.
Contrary to the general i'm
preston, these talks did not
simply amount to q parley
between the Algerian Ma
tionalists and the terrorist
Secret Army Organization.
Though some members Of the
GAS were present. so were
some Of the most liberal
members Of the European
community.
For its part, the French
government kept q benevo-
lent and hopeful eye on the
progress Of these talks. On
the European side they rep
resented the first glimmer Of
returning sanity after months
Of senseless violence. II any
reconciliation between two
communities Is to come
about, such meetings are eS-
sential. And their Importance
to what happens during the
referendum and Immediately
afterwards is only too obvi-
GUS.
Contacts Regulated
Unfortunately, however.
these contacts have now been
repudiated by the top leaders
of the FIN in Tunis. On his
departure for Q meeting in
Cairo, President Ben Yussef
Ben Khedda denounced
them as ''maneuvers tending
to sabotage the Evian agree
ments" maneuvers which
his government excludes
categorically."
In another statement the
FIN leaders blasted the eff
forts of Adventures" who
seek to insure their future
by burning schools and
universities, by numbering
women, children and liberal
Europeans"
Given the continuing ter
roriSt attacks by the GAS,
this reaction is understand
able enough. The immedi-
ate effect, however, has been
to strengthen the position
Of the extremists on both
sides and put an end, at
least for the time being, to
the first serious effort at
reconciliation.
The final result Of con-
tinued violence by the GAS
could be replacement Of the
moderate Algerian leadership
by extremist elements within
the FIN who are partisans
of a complete and final
rupture with France.
If this happens, the out
come Of the referendum on
July / and all careful plans
for what is to follow could
be blown sky high. And the
future Of Algeria along with
them E st
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-10
WHATS your reGEGge? Here's
a scientifically devised quis
that wiH measure if-nOf In
birthdays, bSsf In outlook
By ARTHUR HENLEY

Do THE NUMBER of years we've
been on this earth truly tell us how
old we are? No, according to geriatric
specialists and Psychiatrists. How we
respond to life situations generally =
our emotional outlook provides a
more reliable guidepost.
With the help of such experts
on aging, we've assembled ten ques-
tons that can tip you off as to how
old you are in the meaningfuI terms
of outlook and feeling. Check off your
answers honestly and find out! Don't
answer questions you're not sure off,
q. Do you enjoy remembering your
vacation more than you did the vaca-
ton itself? VEs0 MOTT
z. Do you find you have fewer emo
tional ups-and-downs? YES q NO q
>. Do you dislike parties and meet
ings? vEs u NO n
q. Does it seem summers are getting
hotter, winters colder? vEs q NO q
.. Do you avoid planning ahead?
YES @ NO q
Q. Do you strive for compliments?
vas q NO g
2. Do you find yourself more in
: terested in obituaries? VEsO NO q
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-10

q. Are you worrying more about
money and security? VEsO MoO
Q. Do you avoid new dishes when
dining out? VEs q NO
20. When you get an ingenious idea,
do you mentally pigeOnhOle it, plan