davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-11-20
First Party of France

The voters Of France spoke In
brave voice last Sunday. In the first
round OF legislative elections, they gave
to candidates of President de Gaulles
Union for New Republic a share of
the popular vote nearly twice that (31.9
per cent versus IT'S per cent? won by
the UNR in the last comparable cleo
t1onS, in 1858. In doing so, they gave to
the UNR the first popular-vote victory
scored by any single French party over
the Communists since the end of World
War Ia result that understandably
prompted jubilant GaulliSts to hail the
Union as the new "first party of France"
AS for seats in the new National AS
Sembly, another round of voting next
Sunday will be needed to provide the
1lnaI allotment. Among those settled
without this requirement of a run-off,
however, the UNR now claims more than
90 clear victories and it scored a lead
IN nearly 200 other races. Either through
Single-party majority or by easily ar
ranged coalition, General de Gaulle will,
IN fact, have the clear support that he
asked-indeed, virtually demanded-in
the next assembly.
Aside from this swing toward the
austere soldier r-preSident-
better showing than he scored on a
recent nationwide referendum favoring
constitutional reform-laSt SUNDAYS
vote was most of all reputation of
veteran De GaulliSt haters and their ef-
forts to return France to a political
jungle of splinter parties. Badly beaten,
among this set, were former Premier
Paul Reynaud and more leftist former
Premier Pierre Mendes-France. Forced
into the run-offs, and each trailing his
Gaullist opponent, were Socialist leader
Guy Mollet and two others who Joined
in a four-party coalition to fight the
uNR specifically. For Mr. Mollet, also
former Premier, his prediction state
ment, that he would ask his Socialist
followers to support Communists If nee
eSsary to defeat GaulliSts in the run-off.
already has earned him credit" for
contributing to the initial UNR victory.
With all this, the Communist PARTY
remains trouble making factor. Even
while losing its number one position in
popular vote totals, 1t still gained in its
snare OF this vote, advancing from 1879
per cent IN 1858 to 218 per cent on
Sunday. But because its voting strength
is concentrated in several industrial
areas, 1t won only nine seats in the new
assembly and even help from the So
clalistS, II 1t is forthcoming, will leave
1t Tar behind in the legislative break
down. 5
Efforts at regrouping, born out of
desperation, probably will take place this
week among the De Gaulle foes. For
tunately, there is nothing in last Sun
days vote to encourage their embittered
hopes.
Evening star., 1962-11-20

lines with Interstate Commerce Com
mission consent, of course) raised their
fares 10 per cent when the tax was
abolished.
Yet it might be well to recall right
here-for there surely has been moan
ing and groaning at the ticket win
dows-that Congress main intent in
granting tax relief was to bail out floun-
dering railroads. In leading the fight,
Senator JavitS of New York called it
"life and death matter" Others figured
that, even If the additional revenue
meant $40 million the first year, Eastern
passenger train service still would go
500 million in the red.
Even so, there is glimmer in the
darkening day through which we still
listen for the locomotives plaintive call.
At one time, all our passenger trains
were losing as much as $700 million
year. This now has been chopped to
about $400 million, by dint of discon-
tinuing total-loSs trains and through
other economies. In this struggle of
vital part Of our life against rising costs
and other changes, we believe the pub
lie, when fully informed, will gladly turn
the tax tithe over to the railroads pro
vided they, in turn, say Thank you"
with an earnest effort to preserve and
improve service.
Evening star., 1962-11-20
AppI0uds Home Show

! wish to express my ap-
probation to The Star for
presenting the National Cap
ital Home Furnishings Show.
Never before have I had the
opportunity to see such an
imaginative exposition of
beautiful room settings fea-
turing every room in the
home. I particularly enjoyed
viewing the foreign rooms
created by the French, Dam
ish and Japanese Embassies.
Certainly, today when the
average Am erican family
spends more money for liq-
uor and tobacco than home
furnishings, 1t is an inspira-
ton to see the American
home and family life depict
ed with such beauty and good
taste.
I sincerely hope that many
parents will see this show
and be inspired to make their
Evening star., 1962-11-20
Fairfax School Board VS.. Supervisors

In reference to your edi-
torial, i'Loss Of Confidence"
we are dismayed by your in
ference that we were fired"
from the Fairfax County
School Board for anything
other than a single issue. In
an obvious attempt to
camouflage the issue, the
supervisors listed 6 specific
problem areas attributable to
the. ex-school board. Appar-
emily. only we five of the
Seven-member school board
were considered guilty of all
six. And by a strange COIN
cldence, only we five re-
jected the supervisors de-
mand to transfer the school
construction program to the
supervisors, and were fired"
No one can question the
basic soundness and quality
OF the Fairfax County public
school system. approximately
$3.50 of our graduates 60
on to higher education with
many accepted by the finest
universities in the country.
Twenty-one per cent of the
letters of commendation is
sued by Virginia for national
merit scholarships were re-
ceived by Fairfax students.
We recognize that our
small sacrifice in rejecting
the supervisors improper
proposal and thereby ensur-
ing our dismissal may not be
of great consequence to
many. However, we believe
that it merits considerable
thought by citizens of Fair
fax County.
We are surprised at your
acceptance of the statement
of the chairman of the board
of supervisors that all the
school board was asked to
surrender was supervision of
construction to the County
Department of Public Works.
This possibility was original
~ suggested by one of the
school board in a futile at
Evening star., 1962-11-20

Frederick w. Ford, an Of
ficial of the Federal Com
munications Commission, has
stated his objections to Ma
tion = wide broadcasting of
early election returns. That
practice, in his opinion, has
an influencing effect on vot-
ers in the Far West where,
because of time differences,
polls remain open later than
they do along the Atlantic
Seaboard.
"A good many voters like
to be on the winning side" "
he is quoted as having said,
"and will follow an early
trend, which could have a
decisive effect in a close elec-
ton" While it may be true
that some of us are plagued
by what is known as q band
wagon" complex, it seems to
me that to avoid that weak
ness one would also have to
rule out publication Of the
findings of poll-takers dur
ing the days and weeks Just
before Election Day.
Perhaps the situation isn't
quite so simple as Mr.. Ford
suggests. Wouldn't the un-
decided voter, for instance,
have some difficulty in cor
rectly choosing the ultimate
ly victorious candidate? In
Michigan, to cite only one
case, Gov. John B. Swanson
led in the early balloting but
when later returns were tai
lied, the gap narrowed with
George Romney emerging fl
nally as the winner. To, be
sure, commentators dis
counted the incumbent's ini-
tial show of strength but
how much faith would the
"bandwagon" voter place in
such an opinion?
Interest in elections is so
keen that it would be less
than fair to delay informa-
ton concerning them, the
Pacific Coast States notwith-
standing. Whatever the risks
or disadvantages, the present
system appears to me the
best conceivable arrangement.
Thomas G. Morgansen.
Jackson Heights, N. Y.
Evening star., 1962-11-20

@. Is there a name for the
kind Of tail a seahorse hasa
Il. B. ~
A. A tail that can grasp or
wrap around" an object is
called a prehensile tail. The
seahorse is the only fish with
a tail of this type. 1t spends
most of its time standing in
an upright position, its tail
wrapped around the stem of
a water plant.
@. Please identify Alice
Austen.-F. S.
A. Alice Austen was this
country's first great woman
photographer-but her pie
lures of everyday life in 10th
century America were not
discovered until 1851. She
died a year later at the age
Of 86, Miss Austen was born
In 1866 into a socially prom
inent Staten Island, N. X.
family.
Evening star., 1962-11-20
. VISTAS IN SCIENCE
NIT Reflects Light From Moon
BY THOMAS R. HENRY

Mans ability to reach into
space recently has been ad-
vanced greatly by a success
full experiment of reflecting
light from the moon.
This accomplishment at
Massachusetts, Institute Of
Technology has just beer
reported by the Air Force
which sponsored and partly
financed the experiment.
Bursts of red light were
projected toward a dark por-
ton of the moon in the Sec
ond quarter phase. The IL
Illuminated spot was so faint
that it could not be seen by
the eye, but the weak re-
flected light was detected and
measured by use of a tele-
scope and a photoelectric
cell. The experimental team
was headed by DR.. Louis
Smullin.
The development, says an
Air Force report, came as
an extension into the range
of visible light of earlier
work in the microwave por-
tion of the spectrum. Re-
Election of radio waves from
the moon was accomplished
several years ago but until
recently lack of a sufficiently
powerful source made use of
visible light beams impossible.
Promise for Future
Thirteen bursts of light,
each lasting about 2,000th
of a second, made the round
trip to the moon. They trav-
elled a total distance of about
100000 miles. Some of the
energy of the light beam was
scattered by the earth's at
mosphere on the way and
some was lost at the moons
surface.
The method used holds
great promise for the fu-
ture, says the Air Force re-
port. Among the fields which
its development will influence
are high performance radar,
communications and surveil-
lance systems, data-process-
ing and applied meteorology.
1t also will have applications
in the field of eye surgery.
"Still more distant devel-
opments," says the report,
can be imagined such as
its use for navigation of
space vehicles and weapons
for destroying missiles and
satellites, but major techno-
logical problems must be re-
solved to achieve these, re-
suits"
n n Il y
The Army has evolved
completely germ-free food. 1t
is intended primarily for
animals which must be kept
absolutely germ free for dis
ease and breeding expert
ments. This has been a prob
lem since investigations in
Evening star., 1962-11-20

they exercise through their
appointive power and the al
location of local tax revenue.
Under Virginia law, however,
the responsibility for school
construction is placed with
the Fairfax County School
Board. The REIMBURSEMENT
of that responsibility is at
the sole discretion of the
school board. No stretch of
logic can pervert this provi-
sion to mean that the school
board must submit to the
supervisors demand for con-
troll of construction under
threat of dismissal. Nor can
this provision be distorted to
mean the selection of a
school board to accomplish
this end.
The supervisors now real
ize that their action will not
be forgotten soon and no
longer find it politically de-
sirable to maintain their
original position. Any "rea-
Sonable" proposal by them
could have been presented in
a public meeting without the
necessity Of calling us to a
secret meeting at a private
home where they presented
their ultimatum.
We suggest that before The
Star decides what is best for
the educational system of
Fairfax County, it await
an objective investigation of
the Fairfax County construc-
ton program and the inves-
tigation by the Virginia Ed
ucation Association, or any
other objective investigation
of the firing of the school
board members.
We suggest that the ulti-
mate loss of public con-
fidence has been properly
garnered by the board of
supervisors in their grab
for power.
Theodore s. HeriOt, Hills
LOry, Merton s. Parsons,
Merritt F. Ruhlcn, Berge
ThOmasian.
Evening star., 1962-11-20

OAASoC AAAAOc WC4C Stdk VCNs ..
In the sterilization expert
ments at first food in paper
bags was placed in metal
containers which were steam
Sterilized. Investigators soon
found. however, that the
time recommended for Steri-
lization of food in these cans
was too short to ensure COM
plete purity and the time
required for complete sterili-
zation resulted in an unac-
ceptable loss in nutritive
value.
Process Described ~
Then Drs. Richard B.
Westcott and John A. Card
ner of the Army Biological
Laboratories at Fort Detrick,
Md. started their investiga-
tions. These have led to a.
completely successful steril-,
ization chamber. Food is
placed in stainless steel,
wire : m e esh baskets and
steam sterilized at 257 r for
20 minutes. All atmospheric
pressure then is removed
and the food allowed to dry
for Is minutes.
The sterilized food then is
placed in plastic bags which
are filled to about rs per
cent of their volume, sealed
and cooled to room. tempera-
ture.
No accidental contamina-.
tions have occurred at Fort
Detrick for more than a year
and the experimenters are
confident that at last they
have arrived, by the strict
est definitions, at real pure
food" 8
Evening star., 1962-11-20

tempt to find an area of
compromise. This suggestion
was rejected at that time by
the supervisors as inadequate.
Whatever criticisms may be
our due, no one has yet Sug-
gested that we are incapable
of understanding the Eng
lish language. The five dis
charged members represent
almost 80 years of school
board service with IL degrees.
We were informed, with no
possibility of misunderstand-
ing, that the supervisors de-
manded complete authority
over school construction be-
ginning with their employ
ment of the architect and
ending with the return of
the completed building to the
school board.
Our obvious objection was
the inherent conflict i'm
posed upon any architect at
tempting to be responsive to
school board criteria but en-
ployed by and answerable
only to the board of super
visors. The same analysis
holds true for all phases of
school construction. We are
enclosing our presentation of
the merits Of our decision
which we forwarded to the
supervisors in answer to
their demand.
Now, in the face of the
very deep concern expressed
by many Fairfax residents,
the supervisors are looking
for a convenient exit from
their untenable position. For
tunately, several civic leaders
OF outstanding integrity, in
an attempt to prevent an
open break, held direct con-
versations with members of
both boards and have not
been misled by the later
statements of the supervis-
ors.
We have always recognized
the board of supervisors ul-
innate responsibility which
Evening star., 1962-11-20
THE POLITICAL MILL
No Mandate for the New Frontier
By GOULD LINCOLN

the Congress in 1864 because
OF their good showing In the
gubernatorial elections. The
16 States which now have
Republican Governors COM
mand 176 electoral votes for
President, compared to the
129 total electoral vote Of the
States with Republican Cow
ernors prior to the last elec-
ton. He did not include the
10 electoral votes of Min
nesota where the result of the
gubernatorial election Is stu
In doubt. Rt
Return to Tradition Seen 4
'I am confident" Mr., Mil
Ter said, that those tradi-
tionally Republican States
where our gubernatorial can
dldates were defeated will re-
main solidly in the Repub-
lican column in the next
presidential election" He was
referring to States like New
Hampshire, Vermont and
Iowa. In Mr.. Miller's opin-
ion, the victory OF the Demo-
Gratis for Governor and Sena-
tor in New Hampshire was
due to the fact that the sit
ting Republican Governor OF
the State, Wesley Powell,
campaigned for the Demo-
crat and that the failure of
Representative Bass, the Re-
publican candidate for the
old Styles Bridges Senate
seat, to win was due to the
hostility of Mrs. Bridges who
had fought him for the sena-
torial nomination.
The success Of the Re-
publicans in States OF the old
South, where they elected an
additional four Republican
Congressman, was not be-
cause of the segregation or
esegreg a tion issue, the
chairman said, but rather
was due to the fact that the
New Frontier socialistic and
expensive programs were not
popular in that section Of the
country. Mr.. Miller insisted
that Republican candidates
in all sections of the country
will support the party,s ma
tional platform, which sup
ports civil rights strongly. He
pointed out, too, that the
Democrats had nominated
Senator Sparkman of Ala
bama to run for Vice Presi-
dent in 1852, and that the
great mass of Democratic
candidates for Congress and
for Governor in the South
were pro-segregation.
It is a fact, however, that
President Kennedy's action
in sending Federal troops
into Mississippi to uphold a
decision of the Federal court
in New Orleans that a Negro
must be admitted to the Uni
versity of Mississippi injured
the Presidents popularity in
the South. If this sentiment
persists, it may make it ex-
cessingly difficult for Mr..
Kennedy to carry some Of
those States two years hence.
But the Republican chairman
contended that the G. o. p.
in the past has carried presi.
Dental elections without re-
quiring support Of the South-6
ern States and that it may do
so in 1864. Fo
Evening star., 1962-11-20
Uneducoted Youth

Something has to be done
about the long unsolve d
problem of "drop-outs" in
school. More and more edu-
cation is needed by our
young people and yet we
find an increasing number of
teen-age students leaving e
school without graduating.
Some plan to return to
school, but once the move is
made, it seems the die is
cast and they do not return.
All parents should become
concerned about this Situa-
tion because those who drop
from school are not limited
to a neighborhood or an in
come group. This is an area
wide problem.
AS q possible solution to
this problem, I suggest a
forum be established consist
ing Of local personnel direc-
tors at each high school.
These men could explain to
teen-agers why their compa-
nies require a minimum of
high school education. Not
just seniors, but juniors,
Sophomores, and freshmen,
too. In this way. an impress
sion of the value of a di-
ploma will become known to
today's students, who will be
tomorrow's workers.
Industry needs the most
capable, educated workers it
can find and if our youth
continue to drop out of
school in record numbers,
then industry can only have
inferior workers, from the
standpoint of education. We
can no longer shut our eyes
and hope for a solution.
Something must be done.
Herbert r. Fountain.
Evening star., 1962-11-20

Republican Interpretation,
made by the G.. o. P.'s Ma
tional Chairman william E.
Miller, is that the election
results in the congressional
and gubernatorial voting
of 1862 by no means consti-
tute a mandate for the pro-
grams and policies of the
Kennedy New Frontier.
Rather, in Mr.. Miller's opin-
ion, the retulrns-the actual
voting in most parts of the
country-showed the voters
in favor of moderate" poll
cieS, a far cry from some of
the Kennedy proposals for
bigger and more centralized
government.
Chairman Miller, therefore,
will urge the Republicans in
Congress and out to Con
tinue their advocacy of a
system of sound government,
fiscal responsibility and in
dividual freedom" While adj
mitting that the congress
sional elections, in terms of
seats won by the Republic
cans, were below his expecta-
tions, the chairman insisted
that in terms of popular sup
port the count of actual
voteS-the Republican Party
demonstrated a tremendous
new vitality in significant
areas" He produced figures
to show that his party OBJ
tained 48 or more per cent of
the popular vote for Con-
gressnnen, better than 40 per
cent of the total popular vote
cast in the senatorial races,
and better than SO per cent
OF the popular vote in the
gubernatorial contests. Out
side the Solid South, a Demo-
cratic stronghold for nearly
a hundred years, the Repub-
licans, Mr.. Miller said, had
registered 49.6 per cent of
the total vote cast for Con-
greSsmen, to the Democrats
51.4 per cent.
Cites Percentage Gains
Chairman Miller laid great
emphasis on the Republican
candidates vote gains in the
big industrial States and
cities. He commented that in
five of the Nations seven
largest cities outside the
South, the Republican ticket
Jared better in 1862 than in
the 1860 and 1858 elections.
For example, in Philadelphia
the successful Republican
candidate for Governor re-
ceived 43 per cent of the
vote, compared to 81 per cent
received by former Vice
President Nixon in his race
against President Kennedy.
In New York City, Gov. Mel
son A. Rockefeller's vote was
As per cent of the total, while
Mr.. Nixon's in 1860 was only
81 per cent. In Cuyahoga
County, Cleveland, Ohio, the
Nixon vote was 40 per cent
and this year, Mr.. Rhodes,
the G. o. P. candidate for
Governor, received 81 per
cent-and two years ago Mr..
Nixon carried the State over
Mr.. Kennedy.
The Republicans, Mr.. Mil
Ter maintained, have greatly
improved chances for victory,
both for President and for
Evening star., 1962-11-20
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used If
letters carry tDriterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
terS are subject to condenSa-
ton. Those not used DiU be
returned only tDhen accom-
panied by self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1962-11-20

Bernard Whites letter
Arms for Israel" October
20) saddles the American
Council for Judaism with
views I expressed. My letter
reflected my personal opin-
ions and was no more a pol
icy statement of the Council
than of several other organ
izations to which I also be-
long and which have an in
terest in the questions I
raised.
My letter was not ad-
dressed to The Stars criti-
cism of the sale of missiles
to Israel but was in support
of Crosby Noyes' column
which stated that, good or
bad, the missile sale was a
temporizing effort which did
not get at the root of the
problem.
The Council took no posi-
ton on the sale. Far from
being a fringe group" the
Councils position that Jews
are not a nationality is prob
ably held by most Jews today.
Ned Hanauer.
Evening star., 1962-11-20
MARITIME Cap

AS a postscript to your
November 13 editorial en-
titled Real Missile Gap" I
respectfully suggest that an
other gap of increasingly
alarming proportions is being
overlooked generally. It is not
a slight of recent vintage. I
refer to the maritime gap"
between the United States
and the USSR.
The Cuban crisis has GER
tainly emphasized the contin-
uing need for ships-even in
the space age, Yet, the 1860
Russian merchant fleet will
double in size by 1865, triple
by 1910 and is expected to at
tain a 5 to 6 times increase
by 1880.
This accelerated fleet ex-
panSlon program OF the USSR
is in startling contrast with
the steady contraction of the
United States merchant fleet.
At the start of 1862, for ex-
ample, Russia had 220 ships
under construction or on or
der while the United States
had only IS.
In keeping with your
thought, the security of the
United States, among other
things, rests on our ability
to maintain a supremacy on
the high seas. But, unless the
obsolescence problem which
presently affects our mer-
chant fleet is soon corrected,
the Russians will surely close
the maritime gap and over
take us. Edwin M. Hood,
President, Shipbuilders Coun-
Gil of America,
Evening star., 1962-11-20

homes places where their
children can grow up in COM
Portable and attractive sur
roundings.
Evening star., 1962-11-20
Answers to Questions

A. reader can get an answer. hy
mail to any question OF fact by
writing The Star. information Bu-
reau, 635 F street NV, Washlngton
4, D. c. Please inelose return post
age or self addressed, stamped
Evening star., 1962-11-20
Votinu Influence

M. j. Sarsfield.