davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29
More Trouble Due
Since acceptance of th

Since acceptance Of these terms
AS is nkely-would be a great
compromise by England, the Mac
milan government probably will
have difficult time at home.
Parliament will debate the terms
in August, the Commonwealth
ministers will argue against them
in September, and the Tory Party
Congress may put more Goals on
the fire in October. It will take
q great deal of political proves
in coming months to join England
to the Market.
The Market, of course, plans to
be a political as well as economic
union. The touchy problem of
union has bothered European
thinkers for years. Frances PreSi-
dent de Gaulle wants a loosely Or
ganized union Of "fatherlands,"
with no country losing national
sovereignty. The Germans seem to
lean toward this view. but the
Benelux nations want a stronger
federation, like the United States,
to rule Europe. The Italians seem
to be on the fence at present.
Obviously, If Britain joins the
Market, her position will have a
lot Of weight in any future politi-
cal union. For this reason, the
Benelux nations have wanted
Britain to be included in any po-
litical talks. Under strong Franco
German pressure, however. the
political talks will begin in late
September in Rome without
Britain. To ease the fears Of Bel
GUM, it is believed that Britain
will be informed Of the course of
the political talks even though
she will not take part in them.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29
MissiIe-Sub Active

In addition to nuclear weapons,
the Russians probably will give
their atomic submarines tactical
workout. Only last week Premier
Khrushchev visited a Northern
Fleet submarine base to watch a
demonstration of the first Rus
sian underwater missile firing nu-
clear submarine, the Soviet's an
swer to our Polaris-firing sub
marine.
There is nothing sinister about
these normal end-of- summer ma
neuvers. They do, however, under
line the tremendous and costly eff
forts being made by the Soviet
Union to catch up to the United
States in so-called sophisticated"
weapons.
Many experts believe that once
weapons parity is achieved dis
armament will be more than a
dream. This controversial theory
explains the Soviet fear of in
spection as a result of the in
ferior status of the Soviet arsenal.
Whatever the reason, there is
no doubt that the. Geneva dis
armament conference has begged
down again since it reconvened
two weeks ago. The Soviet de-
cision to hold another nuclear
series has exacerbated the situa-
ton, but there are other factors,
too.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29
Peru:
Stability

The military junta headed
by Gen. Ricardo Perez GOdOy
moved firmly in control of Peru
last week despite United States
criticisms.
There apparently are two con-
flicting views of the Peruvian
coup d'etat-one as seen by the
Peruvian man in the street and
the other as seen by the White
House.
From all reports, Peru has re-
sponded to the coup with con-
siderable apathy. Except for a few
student demonstrations, the mill
tary has moved into power with
little resistance, vocal or violent.
The American Popular Revolu-
tionary Alliance (Apra), which
had been elected to power before
the coup, scheduled a general
strike last Monday. This, too,
found little popular support and
even Apra leaders had to admit
it was an utter failure.
The leader Of the ruling junta,
Gen. Ricardo Perez Godoy, and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29
Foreign Aid:
Next Hurdle

Congress sent a $4.6 billion
foreign aid authorization to the
White House, only $2O6 million
under the Presidents original
request. But q tough fight
doomed over the actual money
bill which must follow.
The net cost of our military and
economic help to other nations
under foreign aid since 1945 to-
tailed $86.7 billion as 1862 began.
Although both Republicans and
Democrats bitterly complain about
it. this technique for keeping other
countries out of the Red orbit
seems more permanent every year.
In fact, Russia herself has used
foreign aid to WOO friends for more
than seven years. In 1860, and
again in 1861, she dispensed more
than 81 billion. In more than 20
Continued on Page E-2
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29

ditions in East Germany may
further deteriorate if he does not
bolster the shaky Ulbricht regime.
A peace treaty would indicate
to East Germans that thare is
no chance for unification unless
the Soviet Union wills it.
Such a unilateral peace treaty,
however, would not stabilize his
regime in East Germany. 1t will
remain as a symbol of a divided
Germany. AS long as West Ger
many prospers, and East Germany
hungers, Central Europe will be
a source of concern for both the
Russians and the other Eastern
European peoples.
From a long-range point of
view, the best policy for peace
might be one of neutralizing a
united Germany. But since Alch a
Germany without question would
join the West, the Communist
world will not allow 1t.
Mr.. Khrushchev also may be
under pressure from other Com
munist leaders who are embar-
raised by his long delays over
the treaty.
Up to now, Mr.. Khrushchev has
shown great caution over the Ber-
lin situation. He has pushed.
prodded, and pleaded with the
West to sign a German peace
treaty, but has avoided a show
down with a craftsmanship"
worthy of John Foster Dulles.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29
Ben Bella Bockers

Mr.. Ben Bella is more radical
than Mr.. Ben Khedda, but it is
not a doctrinaire radicaliSn. He
feels the Ben Khedda group COM
promised itself by giving too many
concessions to the French, and
that Mr.. Ben Khedda does not
represent the real feeling in Al
geria.
To his banner, Mr.. Ben Bella
has attracted all sorts of fol-
lowers. The moderate Francophile
Ferhat Abbas, as well as the ex-
IRENE revolutionary Col. Houari
Boumedienne, are both on his
side. Mr.. Ben Khedda is not we'll
known, and also is not q doc
trinaire moderate" When he as
Sumed the premiership, he was
considered a radical" and he was
replacing the moderate" Mr.. Alb
has who now Is in the radical"
camp.
Most likely, q compromise will
be reached, giving Mr.. Ben Khed-
da'S group some token strength
in an enlarged political bureau,
but investing the army-Ben Bella
group with the real power.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29
Called Vote Crooked

The military contends that the
recent election, which gave a
presidential majority to Victor
Raul Haya de la Tore, was
crooked. Mr.. Haya, an old Apra
revolutionary. is now considered
to be a moderate leftist. The
military arrested the aging Presi-
dent, Manuel Prado, two weeks
ago at the time of the coup. Mr..
Prado, however, was to be released
this week end when his term of
office expires.
The military says it will only
rule for year. and then turn
the government over to the
civilians. There are reports that
Mr.. Haya, a realist by nature,
has seen the futility Of fighting
the junta and has made a deal
which would allow his party the
right to take part in next years
election provided it does not incite
trouble against the military.
The principal reason for the
coup was a 30-year-old history
of bad blood between the military
and the once-radical Apra, whose
members have assasSinated several
army leaders over the years.
The calm in Peru, however, has
put the United States Is some
thing Of a quandry. President
Kennedy responded as soon as he
heard Of the coup. He cut Off
$81 million Of economic aid and
suspended diplomatic relations. He
also called home Ambassador
James Loeb. He was following the
democratic dictates of the Alliance
for Progress.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29
The Dilemma

His action gained him support
among liberal elements and criti-
cism from some conservatives. But
it had little effect, apparently, in
Peru.
Several Latin countries, includ-
ing Venezuela and Costa Rica,
backed the United States and
called for a meeting of the Or
ganization of American States to
plan collective action. q
But the big three Of Latin
America - Mexico. Brazil and
Argentina-have recognized the
new regime, and would block any
interference in internal affairs"
Clearly, the United States field
of action is limited. If it backs
down now, the move might be
interpreted as a defeat for the
principles of the alliance, and q
victory for Castro supporters.
If it persists in standing aloof
from Peru, the people who might
have gained from the $81 million
will be the losers. Clearly, some
compromise is necessary, and Am
bassador Loeb and high officials
are working on one.
Mr.. Loeb, however, may never
return to Peru. A well-known
liberal at home, Mr.. Loeb earned
the dislike of the Peruvian junta.
He was accused of lobbying in
favor of the Apra candidates.
One step might be to persuade
the military to call for elections
sooner than next June, and to let
civilians into the junta as soon
as possible. Argentina had a
similar coup a few months ago,
but Washington did not break off
relations because the military al
lowed civilians to run the govern
ment while it controlled the power
from the background.
The Argentine paradox was
pointed up on Friday when the
United States announced that
credits amounting to $500 million
would be granted Buenos Aires.
There must be many Peruvian
generals wondering how the Ar
gentines did it.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29
Troubled Georgia

Throughout his life, Mohandas
K. Gandhi emphasized that non
violent resistance, though it might
receive temporary setbacks, was
most effective in the long run.
Negro leaders who have studied
Gandhi's tactics found themselves
on test last week again.
The friction grew out Of a re-
straining order handed down the
previous week by Federal Judge j.
Robert Elliott banning protest &C
tivity over segregation in public
facilities in Albany, Ga.
The Rev. Martin Luther King
said he and other Negro leaders
objected to the ban, but would
obey. However, 100 Negroes and
one white man marched on City
Hall last Sunday night and were
promptly arrested.
On Tuesday, a Federal judge in
an Atlanta appellate court set
aside the ban, and police quelled
a new march. Georgia Governor
S. Ernest Vandiver said he would
send $4,000 National Guardsmen
into Albany to keep the peace, If
necessary.
At this point the spirit Of Gandhi
seemed to prevail. DR.. King can
celed plans to lead q mass demon-
stration. instead declaring q day
Of penance," and went through the
Negro section Of Albany urging
peace.
Thursday, the city was quiet, but
elsewhere police officials ha-
rangued Negro voter registration
rally in SaSser, Ga. No arrests
were made.
On Friday, DR.. King and q
others were jailed in Albany fol-
lowing prayer protests in front Of
the city hall. AS a sign Of the
widening political impact Of the
incidents, Governor Rockefeller Of
New York wired Attorney General
Kennedy asking him to assure the
personal safety of DR.. King and
his group.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29
Mills an Enigma

There was speculation at weeks
end that Chairman Mills of the
House Ways and Means panel had
scheduled the parade of 40 wit
nesses at tax cut hearings to stall
and perhaps defeat the idea. Mr..
Mills, like other Congressman, has
indicated he does not think the
situation warrants a cut now.
Another element is the growing
unease on Capitol Hill by some
Democrats over Mr.. Kennedy's
,preoccupation with political ma
neuvering. They complain he asks
for legislation such as an urban
affairs department and medicare
knowing that they cannot pass,
Just to create issues for Novem-
Der.
But both the White House and
Congress realize a tax cut is
political dynamite. So in their
separate waiting for July
data and listening to witnesses
the two branches are feeling their
way.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29

Secretary Of State Rusk and
Foreign Minister GrOmykO left
Geneva last week after they
failed to make any progress on
the Berlin question.
On Monday, the word went out
from Moscow warning foreign
ships and planes to stay out of
an area in the Barents and Kara
Seas from August 5 to october 20.
THE Northern Fleet" the an
nouncement said, Jointly with
rocket and air forces, will hold
exercises with the actual use of
various types of modern arms in
the Barents and Kara Seas in
conformity with the plan for
military training"
Since the Soviet Government
already had announced it would
resume nuclear testing. this latest
statement seemed to pinpoint the
start of the next series of tests
some time next week.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29
Rights:
Judges Speak

A Federal judge last week
q ordered Prince Edward County,
Va, schools to open their doors
to all children, regardless Of race.
In Albany, Ca, an uneasy truce
d reigned after a week of civil
disturbance.
, A quiet farming area having
tobacco as its main money crop,
Prince Edward County lies 10
miles southwest of Richmond, Va,
with little to distinguish it from
the States 81 other counties.
But it has been the focus of
national attention since 1859, the
year it shut down all public schools
rather than teach white and Negro
children under one roof. 1t is the
only county in the United States
to do this.
. To provide some kind of sub
stitute, white residents set up a
system of private elementary and
high schools. They offered to
provide private schools for the
nearly 1,700 Negro children, but
Negro leaders declined. For three
years, colored families have either
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29
Algeria:
Peace Search

Algerian troops, loyal to dissi-
dent leader Ben Bella, seized
control of Constantine and Bone
last week in the first armed
clash since independence.
Algeria still has the look of a
country under arms, three weeks
after its independence.
In Algiers. Berber troops loyal
to Premier Ben Khedda, patrolled
the approaches to the city watch
ing for any sign of attack from
Mr.. Ben Bella's well-equipped
army. In the European section,
French troops were on guard to
protect their remaining country
men against ransom-hunting and
revenge seeking Moslems.
Beyond the city limits, in the
Kabylia mountains, two mem
bers of Mr.. Ben Khedda's cabinet,
Belkacem Krim and Mohammed
Boudiaf were organizing guerrilla
forces to fight Ben Bella as they
had fought the French from the
same inaccessible fortress.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29

blood since independence. The
Western city of Oran had fallen
without a shot.
This had a SOLDERING effect on
both camps, and by the end Of
the week. representatives Of Mr..
Ben Bella and Mr.. Ben Khedda
were meeting in Algiers to seek
a compromise and avert a civil
war.
1t seemed to many observers
only a question Of time before
Mr.. Ben Khedda capitulated.
He already has agreed to the
formation of a political bureau
within the National Liberation
Front (FLN) which Mr.. Ben Bella
controls. This bureau would d.
rect the political activities Of the
nation since the FIN is by far
the largest party in Algeria.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29
Pulling Data

Mr.. Kennedy's problem is one of
timing. Most experts concede we
are not in a recession now. Indus
trial production and hourly earn
ings in manufacturing stayed level
in June. Total new construction
rose 4 per cent from May, though
private housing starts dipped IL
per cent. The same See-saw pic
ture was evident in other income
and production indexes.
There are still some figures
coming in that muddy the picture,
e.g., auto production last week
passed the 4 million mark for
1862. hardly a sign of a weak
consumer market.
AS Mr.. Kennedy put it.
"a. there are some indications
which are very good and some in
dications which are disappoint-
ing" So he hopes by waiting a
! few weeks to find If the Nation
is in plateau" or needs drastic
measures.
A hint that Congress may be
coming around to the latter view
occurred last week when the
House Rules Committee suddenly
took UP a 5000 million public
works bill it had kept pigeon
holed for two months. The Senate
has already passed a $3.50 million
version for this fiscal year.
Public works have one draw
back, however. BY nature they
are more cumbersome than a
broad tax cut. take more time to
pump money into the economy,
and do it unevenly. If emergency
action is needed next fall, it's
likely the big money will come in
slashed taxes for corporations and
individuals.
The parade of some 40 witnesses
before the Ways and Means panel
has an academic side. Many of
those teStifying behind closed
doors already have pumped for
a tax cut in public. But appar-
emily cautious Chairman Mills
wants 1t all on the record before
taking any action.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29
Pressures on Mr.. K.

A peace treaty in itself will not
cause any trouble. But if the East
Germans are given permission
or are ordered-to force the West
out of Berlin, or in any way in
terfere with the access routes to
Berlin. there could be serious
trouble.
Most Soviet experts believe Mr..
Khrushchev wants peace, and
hardly would sign a peace treaty
as an excuse for war. They feel
he is being driven to signing such
a treaty out of a fear that con-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29
Tension Rises

If he indeed does not want
fighting, he has many alternatives.
The West has made its position
known many times. Anything from
a status quo in West Berlin to
international control over the &C
cess routes would satisfy the West,
leaving Mr.. Khrushchev free for
any diplomatic maneuver with
Pankow.
The upcoming Soviet tests and
further harraSsment in the Ber-
lin air corridors five in the last
10 days-have increased tensions.
Last year, the Berlin Wall on
August 10, and Soviet tests on
September /, made war seem
around the corner. Another I'M
comfortable end of the summer
appears to be in store.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29
Time Was Won

The box score, 351 to 253, how
ever, was more encouraging than
the comments of the Tory back
benchers. 1t did allow Mr.. Mac
millan's government more time to
complete it's Common Market
negotiations. The British are in
the crucial stage of their talks
with the Market Six in Brussels.
Originally, the government
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29
THE NATIONAL SCENE
Political Hurdles
And Tax Cut Plan

The House Ways and Means
Committee began hearings
Thursday on a possible tax cut
to spur the economy. Several
witnesses were already on rec
ord publicly as favOring q cut.
President Kennedy Is expected
to ask for one next month If
Congress seems amenable to the
idea.
One of the most conspicuous
magazines these days in Wash
ington is a thin 32-page publica-
ton that sells for 20 cents a copy
at the Government Printing Of
flee.
1t. offers no photos, little prose,
and-for the layman-Some Of the
dullest reading of the year.
Its title is Economic Indica-
tors" collection Of statistics is
sued monthly from the clustered
offices of the Joint Economic Com
mittee. No best-seller, its total
circulation is only 1890. But
upon its contents next month may
hinge a multi-billio dollar tax
cut, resulting tide of red ink in
the 1868 Federal budget, and all
the political repercuSSionS that at
tend such massive fiscal action.
President Kennedy'S advisers
are almost unanimously in favor
Of a cut later in the year. But the
President declared at his press
conference Monday that he plans
to wait for the July economic sta
tistics before making a decision.
They will be made public early
in August, and duly noted in ECO
nomic Indicators"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29

his minister of government, Gen.
Juan Bossio. have proved to be
astute inSurrectionists. They have
suspended the constitution for a
month, but have done little to
infuriate the people. In fact, food
prices have dropped, and sugar
has reappeared on the market
place. both on the generals orders.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29
Berber's Pledge

Even if tomorrow those people
should occupy nine-tenths of AL
geria, even if only one-tenth of
the national territory remained
to us, we would still go on fight
ing" Mr.. Boudiaf promised.
Other leaders, less dramatic
than the fiery Berber, we're no
less concerned about develop
ments. Ben Bella forces in North
east Algeria seized the large cities
of Bone and Constantine, after
a short struggle, spilling the first
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29
September DeodIine

Last Thursday in Richmond,
Federal District Judge Oren r.
Lewis broke the spell. He ordered
the county school board to reopen
public schools next September
without regard to race or color"
The board must submit plans for
operating the schools early that
month. and consider applications
from pupils "at the earliest pos
Sible date"
Though the decree left some
confusion over how integration
would be worked out, it was clear
that Prince Edward ultimately will
have to comply-though the board
plans to delay through a court
appeal.
The schools, Judge Lewis wrote,
may not be closed to avoid the
effect Of the law of the land"
Actually, the Prince Edward case
has been before the courts in one
way or another for IL years. 1t
was one of five cases that reached
the Supreme Court in its 1854 de-
segregation decision.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-29

taught their children at home,
moved away, or worst of all, let the
youngsters remain without any
instruction.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-14
Developments

The anti-Cuban sentiment was
furthered last week by two sep
arate developments.
. In the United Nations General
Assembly, Cuban President Os-
Waldo Dorticos Tornado accused
the United States of planning a
naval blockade against Cuba. The
tone and content of his speech
angered Ambassador Adlai E. Ste
venson, who attacked Cuba for
its allegiance to the Soviet bloc.
Q In Havana, Premier Castro
seemed to be playing a cruel game
with the fate of some LOO pris-
oners captured during the April,
1861, Bay of Pigs fiasco. After
comforting with Attorney James
B. Donovan for five days, Mr..
Castro broke off the talks, and
Mr.. Donovan returned to Miami.
The talks may resume again this
week end. It is not known whether
Mr.. Castro is sincere in his ran
som offer.
To answer his "do-nothing"
critics, Mr.. Kennedy has an
nounced plans to impose an eco
nomic breakdown on ships that
trade with Cuba, whether from
the free world or not. The plans
most severe section would prevent
any ship from carrying United
States cargoes to Europe after
depositing goods in Cuba.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-14
Economic Effect

This is far short Of a naval
blockade, and 1t is hard to esti-
mate the economic effect it will
have on Cuba. Most likely, it will
force the Soviet Union to pay
more to keep Cuba going. Since
the Soviet economy is already
strained to the utmost, any addi-
tional costs will certainly hurt.
The ship boycott may silence
some critics of administration
policy. It already, however, has
aroused resentment in Great
Britain where British public opin-
ion almost unanimously thinks
Americans are acting Historically
over Cuba.
Britain argues that in time of
peace there should be no inter-
ference with shipping. This is a
long standing difference between
the Atlantic allies. Britain trades
freely in non-strategic goods with
the Communist world, while the
United States will not allow even
the most harmless goods to be
sold to Red China.
With Congress now adjourned,
the Cuban issue may finally lose.
some of its intensity. This will
please the administration, which
fears the American public may be-
come too fascinated with Cuba,