davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-18

service. The decision was not hard.
Hooking on with ICA necessi-
tated resigning from the commits
sion, and, when AID was formed
in October, he shifted to that
agency, each step requiring a new
swearing in ceremony.
Economic Agencies
Mr.. Rubin's job requires inter-
probation of one of the most COM
plicated laws on the books. AID
consolidates the functions of the
old Development Loan Fund, ICA
and some work of the Export-Im-
port Bank, most connected with
economic development abroad. The
agency handles both loans and
grants, including assistance to
maintain the economic and politi-
cal stability of governments
abroad. The lending activities are
both government government
and ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS in
duStry.
The agency also handles guar
antees of private investment over
seas, mainly against appropriation
by a foreign government. For
tunately, he conceded, the tele-
phone company property seized by
the Brazilian government had not
been guaranteed by AID.
Mr.. Rubin's major responsible
ties are interpreting the law to
insure that countries are eligible
for aid programs and making a
case before Congress. His is an
overall view of the agency opera
lions shared only by the admin
istrator, Fowler Hamilton, and his
deputies. He sees both the operat-
ing and policy functions, and has
a staff of IS when the office is
at full strength-but it never is.
Mr.. Rubin has to know some
thing about the programs in ev-
cry area of the world. He Travelled
for the State Department in Latin
America several years ago, went
to Bolivia and Nigeria last year
and to the Dominican Republic
only a few weeks ago. He says
he speaks "passable Spanish"
so Programs at Once
The scope of his job can be
seen from the fact that AID has
so programs going. These are pre-
pared in foreign missions, then
sent to Washington for approval.
After processing by program ex-
perts and regional assistant ad-
ministrator, the package" comes
to Mr.. Rubin for analysis, organi-
zation and presentation to Capt.
tol Hill.
Mr.. Rubin says If there can be
demonstrate results from the
five-year aid commitment Con-
gress has given the administra-
ton program, then it should not
be necessary to ask for any more
authority. Even if the President
had received everything he wanted
from Congress last year on aid, he
added, the White House still
would have required annual ap-
proval for grant funds, including
money to maintain the stability
of nation like Laos.
He points to Israel and India
as examples of what can happen
when a relatively undeveloped ma
ton applies aid funds wisely. In
dividual projects are no longer a
matter of concern there he said.
Key areas in the same category
may soon be Tunisia and Nigeria,
he added.
Mr.. Rubin, who keeps in shape
by swimming and playing tennis,
considers himself fortunate to
have had a varied and interest,"
ing life" At one point he was the
only private lawyer who had APP
peared before the reconstructed
International Court of Justice
(World Court.
His next venture may be a trip
to BuenoS Aires April 5 as an
observer at the meeting of the
ter-American Bank.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-18
Keeps Fighting

But the Strong-mlnded Defense
Secretary was not through. He
released on Thursday a detailed
statement of his reasons for want
ing to delay, until next year at
least. a decision on whether to
go ahead with a full weapons
system effort for the 2,000-mile-
an-hour plane.
After pointing out that two
Presidents and their chief scien-
tific and military advisers never
gave the BIO program their full
support-"in fact, the only con-
sistent supporter was the Air
Force itself'-the Secretary said
that the bomber was really no
more than a manned missile,
with none of the flexibility ad-
vantages generally attributed to
manned bombers.
Furthermore, the BIO is vulner-
able on the ground to surprise
missile attack, has less suitability
for airborne alert than the B-52
and is not as well equipped as that
plane to penetrate enemy de-
lenses. Finally, it was not designed
to carry stand-off missiles like
Hound Dog or the ballistic Skybolt
and would have been IAN ex-
tremely expensive aircraft"
Mr.. Mcnamara observed that
even the Air Force is now no
longer proposing the BIO in
bomber configuration, implicitly
admitting the correctness of many
of these reasons"
What the Air Force now recon-
mends is the RS-70, a plane which
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-18

which has been greater pro-
tection," in favor of new in
Strument which will provide lad
justment assistance to firms and
workers"
These firms and workers can
obtain protection only as "ex-
traordinary relief" - and after
they show that their industry has
made reasonable efforts to adjust.
Later they must show that the
adjustment assistance provided to
firms and workers has not sub
Stantially mitigated the condition
of idle facilities, inability to OPP
crate at a profit and unemploy-
ment."
ToiI-Woegine
For some years, there has been
a widespread suspicion among the
political liberals" and among the
manufacturing exporters that the
tail is wagging the dog in Ameri-
can trade policy. That is, that
very small number of domestic
industries which would be injured
by imports are holding back
much greater number of exporters
who provide many more jobs and
plenteous living standard raiserS.
The urgency now in getting the,
trade dog back to wagging its own
tail, rather than vice versa, is
produced by the swift emergence
OF the European Common Market.
The United States and Europe
could become bitter trade rivals
if any organized attempts were
made to keep each of them out
of the others markets. This could
lead beyond trade competition
into war.
To forestall this, the leaders on
both sides of the Atlantic have
agreed that the two great mar
kets should be closely enough
meshed so that whatever compe-
tition remains can be friendly.
ntro-lndusty RivoIs
Theres Is no more cut-throat
competition in the world than ex-
lists among rivals in identical in
dustries in the United States; the
same applies among intra-
industry rivals in Europe. Jobs
are won and lost in these friendly
economic wars. But adjustments
are relatively swift and painless.
No lives are lost. No great eco
nomic depressions are set in mo-
ton.
1t is the hope of United States
and European leaders to mesh
the two great industrial completes
west and east of the Atlantic
into a loose working arrangement.
The emergent semi common"
market of 500 millions of peoples
is the new promised land, where
not only milk and honey but
much broader creature pleasures
will be available for all.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-18
Philosophy

AS Mr.. Gardner has put it, the
Kennedy Administration is put
ting down the old instrument for
dealing with import competition,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-18

is increasing doubt as to whether
it will be the decisive one.
Representative Vinson, chair
man of the House Armed Services
Committee, convinced the Rules
group on Tuesday it should clear
the military procurement bill
which directs" the spending of
$491 million for the triple-sonic
bomber, recently redesignated a
reconnaissance strike" plane.
Mr.. Vinson, who says he is
tired of being shut out of Penta-
gon decisions, listened on Wednes-
day to a final plea by Mr.. Nc
Namara, who considers the ex-
panded program on the BIO to
be a waste of money and technical
scientific effort. The Georgia
Congressman was unmoved and
so a floor fight is in prospect
perhaps for tomorrow or Tuesday.
Evening star., 1962-09-10
Thont and Kennedy
To Meet Thursday

President Kennedy win have
U Thant, United NatCns see1s-
tary general, as his lunch1Sn
guest Thursday.
White House Press Secretary
Pierre Salinger said today that
the secretary general will be in
washington to see a number of
Government officials Thursday,
and the President had arranged
the luncheon session.
Evening star., 1962-09-10
Mrs. Roosevelt
Vetoes Candidacy
By the Associated Press

The nomination Of Mrs
Eleanor Roosevelt as q candi-
date for the United States
Senate from New York ha,
been suggested by Representa-
tive Celler. Democrat of New
York, but Mrs. Roosevelt ha.
rejected the idea.
At her home in Hyde Park
NY, she said, II couldn't pos
sibly consider 1t under any
circumstances"
Mr.. Celler, dean of the New
York congressional delegation
said the widow of President
Franklin d. Roosevelt would
be the strongest candidate the
Democrats could name for the
Senate seat now held by
Republican Jacob X. Javits.
Mr.. Celler indorsed also the
candidacy Of Robert M. Nor
genthau for governor Of New
York.
Evening star., 1962-09-10

modern methods Of intelli-
gence, but it often has backed
UP these sources with the pho
tographic evidence gathered by
U-2s.
For instance. the buildup
this summer Of Communist
armed forces on the mainland
opposite Formosa, was first re-
ported by Nationalist agents
operating in South China, and
then assessed In some detail
by radio eayesdropping.
Nationalist radio stations
monitored broadcasts by Red
Chinese Army units. As they
listened to the chatter Of hum
dreds Of stations, they found
well-known units broadcasting
from unfamiliar places, and a
strange organization broad
casting from places where
troops had not been before.
Story Pieced Together
The Nationalists pieced to-
gether a hypothesis Of large
scale troop movements.
The exact number and ma
ture Of the troops involved was
unknown for most Of the sum-
mer. however. because the
movements took place during a
long period Of cloudy weather
in many parts of South and
East China.
Since the U-2 photographs
were poor. the true nature Of
the buildup could not be deter
mined.
AS the summer wore on. how
Evening star., 1962-09-10

TOKYO, Sept. 10 (AP) =
Communist China today hon.
ored an air force unit for
shooting down a Nationalist
Chinese United States : made
U-2 reconnaissance plane over
Red Chinese territory, Peipins
Radio reported.
In Japan. newspapers fore
saw danger that U-2 incidents
would worsen international re-
lations and urged termination
Of such flights.
Red China has not disclosed
where or how the Nationalists
plane was shot down. Today's
broadcasts did not identify the
unit credited with bringing it
down.
Peiping said the official
commendation by Red China's
defense department read:
This victory was created
BY faithfully executing the in
struction of your senior Off
GERS. We hope you will try to
review your experience to
strengthen military equipment
and to offer blows against en-
emy planes which repeatedly
intrude into the Chinese terri
torial airspace. -"
The Japenese press saw dire
warnings in the new U-2 Incl
dent.
The newspaper Asahi said
the incident was IAN ominous
signal" Of worsening interna-
tional tension.
1t urged Nationalist China
Evening star., 1962-09-10
Chino Honors Air Unit
For Shooting Down U-2

and the United States to cease
such "peeplng flights" because
the "ominous wings are dam
aging world peace"
Yomiuri warned U-2 Incl
dents would provide Commu-
mist countries "a good excuse
for denouncing the United
States in the United Nations.
Evening star., 1962-09-10

Continued From Page Al
to Formosa Of President Ken.
nedy's military adviser, Gen
Maxwell d. Taylor.
Gen. Taylor said the chargC
was obviously untrue" He de.
MED all knowledge of tn.
Nationalist U-2 flights.
May Have New Missiles
Peiping's announcement die
not disclose how the plane wa
brought down.
A Defense Department Off
cial in Washington said thai
If the Reds bagged the plane a
its normal flying altitude o.
$4,000 to 10000 feet. they mus
have the latest ground-to-ail
missiles at their disposal.
Military observers in Taipe
said the Chinese may have &C,
quired Soviet air defense mis-.
siles Of the type the Russians
claim shot down American u:
pilot Francis Gary Powers owe
the Soviet Onion in May, 1860
There was also speculation
hat the Nationalist U-2 nigh
ave lost altitude because O
ngine trouble and come within
ange of Red antiaircraft guns
Assistant White House Pres
Secretary Andrew T. Hatche
said the State Department wa
looking into the incident anC
that word Of the Peiping an.
nouncement had been relayeC
to President Kennedy weel
ending in Newport, r. I.
A State Department spokes.
nan reiterated that no, UniteC
states planes fly over Com,
nunist China.
Peiping has frequently &C.
used the United States of air
pace violations. 1t issued 1T
212th warning against an al.
legged intrusion last week.
Evening star., 1962-09-10

ever, the flights became more
productive, and the Nationalist
Chinese were eventually able to
identify the army units that
had been shipped in South and
East China and to count their
numbers.
The U-2 finally clinched the
Nationalist estimate, that the
huildup was large but not men,
acing. this reporter was told on
a recent trip to Formosa.
Agents Numerous
Nationalist Chinese officials
reject the charge that they are
Spying" on the mainland. The
government in exile on For
mosa Is the legal government Of
all China. they maintain.
Therefore, they say. when
the Nationalists send agents to
the mainland or aircraft over
it they are only inspecting their
own country. The Communist
regime, Of course, does not ac-
cept this view.
If the U-2 overflights end,
Nationalist intelligence gather
ing will not suffer as much as
did American surveillance OF
the Soviet Union after Francis
Gary Powers was shot down in
May Of 1860. 1t Is extremely
difficult for the United States
to plant agents throughout the
Soviet Union, but the National
ist Chinese find it relatively
easy to do this in mainland
China.
Evening star., 1962-09-10
Navy to0pen
Polaris Sub
Base al Guam
sy the AsIOeiated Pres


The Navy announced today
it win base Polaris missile sub
marines at Guam, strategically
located in the mid-Pscific
about 1900 miles from Red
China.
The announcement gave no
date for moving the. nuclear
powered subs into the Pacific,
but the Navy timetable report
edly calls for posting the first
of them off Red China by late
next year.
The action win make the
Asian flank of the Communist
world Vulnerable to 1.4O0-mile
range hydrogen bomb rockets
carried by subs.
Each Polaris sun mounts Is
Of these missiles, and Admiral
Roy S. Benson. Pacific sub
force commander, said last
June as many as 10 Polaris subs
will be ranging the Pacific
within two years.
The Navy announcement said
Apra Harbor at Guam will be
the home port for a missile sub
marine tender like the Proteus.
which is now moored at Holy
Loeb in Scotland.
The Proteus serves the United
States submarines on patrol in
the North Atlantic within strik-
ing range of Russia and the
rest of Communist Europe.
The United States now has
nine Polaris subs in commits
sion out Of a planned feet Of
Al.
Next year, another nine Of
these missile-firine subs are
due to join the fleet
The Proteus is due to be re-
placed by the newly commis-
stoned sub tender Hunley late
this year or early next.
At that time, the Proteus
would be available for possible
movement into the Pacific af-
ter some overhaul work in the
United States.
In addition q third sub ten
der. the Holland, is being built
at Pascagoula, Miss. Plans
call for it to be ready in about
a year.
Submarine tenders are cap
able of any kind of sub repair
work, except a major overhaul.
They can service the nuclear
power plants of Polaris sub
marines.
Last April, the Puget Sound
Naval Shipyard at Bremerton.
Wash, was picked as the site
for overhauling Polaris subs to
be assigned to the fleet. Con-
currently the Navy selected the
naval ammunition depot at
Mangor. Wash, as the place
for fitting Of Polaris subs with
missiles.
Evening star., 1962-09-10
RESERVES

Continued From Page Al
require a declaration Of a ma
tional emergency an action
which would involve implica-
tions Of a most serious nature. 1"
President Kennedy has
made crystal clear his recogni-
ton Of the threats with which
Evening star., 1962-09-10

ar4 HaE
Griffin was governor between
1855 and 1858. The young
candidate is trying to- get II
across that honesty is the
issue in this campaign"
A Debate"
Recently. he held a televised
debate with Mr.. Griffin. al
though Mr.. Griffin wasn't
there. Instead. there was a
vacant chair next to Mr.. Sand
ers which carried a sign labeled
Griffin"
He produced a large photo
graph Of a $500 check he said
was paid to the then Gov. Grif-
fin by a man who had done
business with the State. The
check, it was said, had been
slipped to the governor in the
mems room Of the capitol.
Mr.. Sanders has also indi-
Gated his adversary manipu-
lated State funds in such a
way as to produce a prize bull
Never" Mr.. Griffin has
answered. have I seen a
dirtier or filthier campaign
conducted by a man who calls
himself q white Georgian"
Mr.. Sanders also has sale
this is the filthiest campaign
he's ever seen. Since taking
to the chair he has beer
charged by an obscure cit.
izen in GAINESVILLE with con.
spring to defraud a stock.
holder in a real estate firm.
Griffin Reports Bribe
In the middle of the confu
sion over who is charged with
what and when the next piec,
of documentary evidence" vii
be produced, Mr.. Griffin haI
come along with the tale HI
was offered money to get out o.
the race. He didn't take it. h
said.
To make matters even worse
one gets an impression there Il
a whole football team running
for either lieutenant governor
or controller general. All claim
they can move 'Jawja' for.
ward" while throwing mud a
one another.
But perhaps to the everIast.
ing credit of the candidates
no one has mentioned Quemo.
or Matsu or home rule fol
the District of Columbia. y
Evening star., 1962-09-10
GEORGIA


Continued From Page Al
fire. Slugs slammed into q
Dawson house last Wednesday
wounding John Chatfield. 20
of Bradford, VT, q member o.
an interracial voter registration
group.
Bullets riddled four Negrc
houses in adjoining Lee County
after q Negro church burned
mysteriously in that area sew
eral weeks ago.
The Student Nonviolent Co
ordinating Committee sent tele-
grams to President Kennedy
and Attorney General Kennedy,
urging an investigation Of the
burning Of the churches.
other Developments
Racial developments else
where:
In New Orleans, three boxes
containing dynamite sticks anc
long attached fuses were founC
in a street several blocks from
a Roman Catholic Church Sat.
urday night. They were turnet
over to the FBI and sent Il
Washington for study.
Discovery of the explosives
followed numerous false boml
scares in the Louisiana city
which went through a week o.
relative calm during the de-
segregation of public and
parochial schools.
Last night fire broke out in
a pile Of newspapers in the
basement of a desegregated
parochial school in nearby
Westwego but did not damage
the building seriously.
Catholic officials said 1t
looked like another deliberate
attempt to create tension. u
However, Westwego Police
Chief Sidney Guillot said it did
not appear to be the work Of an
arsonist and could have been
caused by kids Tipping q Gig
arctic through a broken win
dow"
Support Claimed
In another school develop
ment, Mayor Austin N. Volk oi
Englewood. N. j.. said Response
to a citywide poll showed that
a very large majority of the
people who responded
favored the neighborhooc
school policy and the policies
Of the Board of Education"
But, the mayor told a new.
conference. a petition has been
served on the Englewood Schoo
Board by the National Associa.
tion for the Advancement Of
Colored People which puts ths
entire Englewood matter be.
fore the State commissioner oi
education.
Integrationist groups staged
a three-day boycott of the pre-.
dominantly Negro Lincoln Ele.
mentary School last week pro.
testing racial imbalance in thu
public schools.
The neighborhood policy
called for pupils to attenc
schools nearest their homes
Last year this resulted in Lin.
coin being 90 per cent Negro.
Evening star., 1962-09-10

OTTAWA. = Candidates for
national office in Canada must
put up a 5000 deposit. return
able only II they poll more
than half as many votes as
the winning candidate.
Evening star., 1962-09-10

we are faced and the policy Of
this Government not to allow
the export Of Communist ag-
gressive purposes by force in
this hemisphere or in other
areas Of the world" Mr.. Nc
Namara said.
Period Of Tension
"It is obvious to all Ameri-
cans that we are in a period of
acute international tension. It
is also obvious that the forces
opposed to us have the capabil-
ity to precipitate crises, at the
moment Of their choosing, in
many parts of the world-and
that we must be able to respond
promptly and decisively."
The Secretary said the United
States at any time may face a
challenge requiring an immedi-
ate and effective response" and
that the enactment of the re-
solution would constitute "ap
indorsemen by the American
people Of our determination to
make that response. and pro-
vide US with the means to do
So"
Mr.. Mcnamara said the call
up OF reservists during q Berlin
lcrisis last year provided tangible
evidence of this country's
response when our vital secu-
rity interests are involved"
Since that time, he said. the
Army has added five combat
divisions to bring its total
strength to Is, the Marine
Corps has bought its active
strength to 10000 men, and
improvements have been made
in the operational strength of
the Navy and Air Force.
Before the Senate commit
tee met, Chairman Russell,
told newsmen he anticipated
quick action by his group. The
House Armed Services Com
mittee plans to hold hearings
on Thursday.
High administration officials
say the Presidents request is
based primarily on concern
over the tense Berlin situation
There also has been Specula-
ton that Mr.. Kennedy made
the move to show that the
United States is prepared to
meet any serious military
threat arising from the ship
ment of Communist-bloc arms
and men to Cuba.
When the Berlin situation
grew tense last year Mr.. Ken
nedy received in five days Sen
ate approval for q Gallup OF
reservists. The 147.000 reserv-
lists were released this summer
as East-West tensions ovel
Berlin eased.
Pentagon officials said Sat-
urday they are confident they
could put any new Gallup into
effect without most of the
problems they encountered In
1861.
Problems Unanticipated
They cited new automatic
record-keeping equipment, plus
steps taken to weed out mer
who should not be in the ready
reserves.
There were many complaints
last year from activated reserv-
lists who already had served two
or three years Of active duty
Defense Department officials
noting that the Presidents re-
quest specifically exempts those
who were called up last year
said there still are plenty OF
combat-ready reservists avail
able for future duty.
Evening star., 1962-09-10
Formosons Call us
UsefuIin Watching Reds
BY RICHARD FRYKLUND
star staff writer

U-2 flights Red China have been a valuable sup
pleent to program OF close Nationalist Chinese surve-
lance Of the mainland according to Chinese in
Formosa
The government Of Chang Kai-shek has received its
basic information all of the old and some of the ultra