davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-07
u. S. Hit GuodoIconoI
20 Years Ago Today

ficient level area for the con-
struction Of a major airstrip.
1t was a beautiful green
South Sea isle-and it was
rotten. 1t stank with the &C.
cumulated decay of centuries.
Its jungles continually dripped
of moisture and its swamps
crawled with germs Of strange
tropical diseases.
The Marine landings were
Unexpectedly easy. The Ma
rines overran the airstrip, re-
named Henderson Field, and
the Japanese camps, where
breakfasts were found on the
tables.
The battle for Guadalcanal
didn't really begin for several
days when the Japanese re-
turned in force. And 1t didn't
end until the last contingent
Of Japanese were driven from
the island on February 8, 1913.
Marine casualties were 1902
killed. 1910 wounded. The
Army lost $50 killed, 1,289
wounded. Some 1850 Japan
csc died on the island.
Guadalcanal was the proving
ground for the Marines in
World War II.
There they learned the awful
loneliness of the battlefield
when the Navy was licked In
the battle of Savo Island and
for days they were left unpro-
tected from enemy attacks BY
air and sea.
They learned from the enemy
the tricks of jungle warfare:
The SniperS tied to the tree
tops; the BOBBY trapped bodies
OF friend and foe; the infiltra-
tors who feigned death and rose
to attack from the rear; the
cries Of "help!" from the
jungle in precise English.
They learned, too, that the
japanese were not invincible
by meeting and hurting back
the wild. noisy banzai charges
of the crack Ichiki detachment
and the Sendai division, the
small brown men in baggy uni
forms who rarely surrendered
but fought to the death.
The lessons of Guadalcanal
were carried on to other places
on the bloody road to Tokyo
Tarawa. Peleliu, Two Jima. But
always, Guadalcanal comes
first.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-07
By TOM HENSHAW

AesoSAebeo FEess NeNsAeatufes uEitcI
Through the pre-dawn mists,
the island mass rose mysterious,
menacing and dark against the
moonlit sky as the invasion
fleet stole around its western
cape.
Water swished against the
prows of the ships and there
was the murmur of muted con-
versation among men Of the
First Marine Division.
At the first streaks Of dawn,
the big guns of the cruiser
Quincy crashed the overture
and shells burst among the
palms and jungle and Japanese
camps on the island.
Moments later, greenclad Ma
rineS went over the side, scram-
bled down swaying cargo nets
into the landing boats and
showed off toward the beach.
The Navy communique, issued
later the same day, August Z,
1912. was terse and uninforma-
tive, yet it electrified a nation
that was sinking into despair
1t said:
United States naval and
other forces have attacked
enemy installations in the
southeastern part of the Solo,
mon Islands in force and the
attacks are continuing"
After eight months of gal
liant stands and CALLING retreats
at Bataan. Wake Island, Singa.
pore and the East Indies
America and her allies were al
last starting the long road back
1t was some time before the
precise point Of attack emerged
from the moraSs of rumor anC
secrecy. Then it became 9
household word: Guadalcanal
The Solomon Islands, a 900.
mile long chain, sprawl atoI
the continent of Australia
pointing directly at the alice
lifeline between America anc
Australia.
The japanese reached Quad.
alcanal at the tip of the Solo.
mon chain in June and pre-.
pared to spring south on the
Australian flank.
Clearly. the time to stor
them was the summer of 1912
And the place to do it was
Guadalcanal.
Geographers knew Guadal-
canal as a $500 square mile
island of mountains, jungle and
sandy beaches, peopled by
dark. fuzzy haired Melanesians
ruled by the British and noted
for its coconut plantations.
Military strategists, porting
over their meager maps, saw il
was one of the few islands in
the rugged Solomons with suf-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-07

ply and orbital maneuvering
rockets. This part is jettisoned
just before re-entry. hence the
need for a small supply in the
cabin.
The air" will be carried as
liquid oxygen, and will provide
a 100 per cent oxygen atmos-
phere at 5 pounds per square
inch, as in Mercury. Water
will be made in a revolutionary
new power unit, called a fuel
cell, which creates electricity
by combining hydrogen and
oxygen into water. The fuel
cell oxygen is carried sepa-
rately from the breathing
oxygen to avoid a disastrous,
chance over-use for one pur-
pose or the other.
Makes 2 Gallons Daily
The fuel cell, with a rated
capacity of 2 kilowatts. can
produce water at a rate of one
pint per kilowatt hour of cleo
tricity produced. At normal
power rates in orbital flight,
the cell will make about a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-07

gallon a day-a tight ration
for two men. but enough.
This dual role of power and
water Supplier was not the
only reason for selecting the
fuel cell. The device is also
far lighter than an equivalent
power supply using even the
most efficient batteries.
Carbon dioxide from breath
ing will be scrubbed" out of
the atmosphere with lithium
hydroxide, a method proved
on the Glenn and Carpenter
flights. The question of how to
deal with other air impurities
is still under study; some
lightweight version of a sub
air purifier probably
will be used. But one thing is
certain: The mo Smoking"
sign will be on throughout the
flight.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-07
Fishing PartY Set

The annual fishing party of
the Traffic Club of Washing
ton, D. c. will be held Satur-
day from 3 pm to 9 pm. at
the Rod N Reel, Chesapeake
Beach, Md.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-07

The recent action against Big Steel,
says Eisenhower, might be the dan
ger signal this country needs"
In a Post exclusive, Ike warns
about the Federal Governments bid
for greater powers. He claims the
Administration helped trigger the
stock-market crash. Calls the space
program "a mad effort to win a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-07

menu, much of it preserved by
the freeze drying process. will
give the men some $500 cal
cries a day. or about what a
man in sedentary work re-
quireS. The food will be avail
able so the spaceman can eat
at regular mealtimes or snack
frequently. as he desires.
The problem of the "crum-
bling cookies"-w hich vexed
Scott Carpenter in orbit-ap-
parently has been overcome.
Such goodies will be packaged
in a clear, cellophane-like film
m a de of methyl-cellulose, a
substance used in bulk food
supplement. This taSteless
wrapper is eaten with the
cookie. thus avoiding crumbs in
the cockpit and disposing of
the litter, all at once.
Air, Water in Package"
Air and water, except for a
few hours supply needed dur
ing re-entry. will come from
the big equipment module"
that also carries the power sup
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-07

Tomorrow: The Gemini mis-
ion.
The Nome nugget., 1962-06-04
1 ACCIDENTAL BALLOONISTS
 SOAR UP TO 1l,500 FEET

| JOAh UT lO i,1VU IEE A l NASHVILLE, Tenn. tR -- Two
 young balloonists from the Uni-
 versity of Minnesota, who said they
 hadn't planned to go up at all, found themselves soaring 1l,5O0 feet above Nashville
 Tracy Barnes, former sky-diving paratrooper, said he and his part fi5sT, il5ss GSGixtT, @ ing the balloon to friends at south Nashville residence Friday. "A gust of wind came along and knocked the balloon loose from the rope moorings and suddenly we were going up" he said. They weren't unprepared for flight, however.
 We had on parachutes, but we didn't have any oxygen, and I knew that if we reached 15,000 feet we would have to bail out. I was telling Lee how to use chute at the same time we were struggling with the valve.
 The valve that controls the flow of hot air into the nylon balloon causing 1t to rise wouldn't close. When at 11.500 feet they finally got it turned off. their descent was so rapid they had to turn it on again to slow the drop.
 They finally eased their craft, 70 feet tall and 46 feet in diameter. over treetops and, barely missing some high voltage lines, into the backyard of a west Nashville apartment house. The crosstown trip took one hour.
 We weren't frightened said Barnes, who boasts of so ascents. But an apartment house sunbather was.
 The boys looked calm as every thing, but was scared to death, z said Mrs. L. Engledow. At first 1t looked like men from Mars, Tn strange looking orange suits and white balloon as large as the house" "
The Nome nugget., 1962-06-04

' ' i. !. < -H5l-,' : 9l|
 I1Ii' i' A I'. [ Y t-| [ I| l.1 '. Ia s- -|4|I I
The Nome nugget., 1962-06-04
Change Bus Map

LIVERPOOL, England !9 The I.ivennnnI I Rlls Cn is fn chance . bus map in the center of the city following complaints from the local income tax office.
 The map describes the tax of fices at Seafield House, Seaforth, as an institution for mental defectives."
The Nome nugget., 1962-06-04

THE HoNDAss ARE COMING |
Evening star., 1962-12-27
Donovan Denies Cuba 7 AXIS
Were Mastermlii mliinl'ded. by U.S..

vealed some Of the difficulties
he encountered during the pro-
tracted negotiations leading TO
the dramatic release of the
prisoners. ~ sF'' rt'.
He said he had been in great
pain from bursitis Of the shoui-
der during the october phase of
the negotiations in Cuba. .
There were no oral pain
killers in Cuba at that time, +"
he recalled. II was getting in
jections every four hours for
2h days from a Cuban horse
trainer over there with. some
thing they use on animals.
When I got. back to Miami. I
was running a 102-degree tenn
perature and had an infection
in my hip the size of q base
ball. The doctor ordered me
into a hospital for a week when
I got home" &.,. -
Evening star., 1962-12-27

Floyd Patterson. The first
round knockout was the earliest
in which the heavyweight title
ever changed hands.
Blond, shapely Marilyn Mon
roe. movie star symbol of sex,
was found dead in her bed Aug
ust 5, her hand holding q lifted
telephone receiver. an empty
bottle Of sleeping pills nearby.
The coroner's report ruled it
death by sedative drugs, prob
ably suicide" and noted she
had had severe fears and fire.
quent depreSsions."
John Steinbeck received the
Nobel Prize for Literature in
1862. the sixth American to be
so honored. DR.. Anders Oster-
ling Of the prize committee
termed Mr.. Steinbeck's 1861
novel. "The Winter Of Our Dis
content" in "the towering
standard" Of his best-known
novel from the depression,
THE Grapes Of Wrath"
Jacqueline Kennedy has been
chosen woman newsmaker for
the second straight year. She
showed how she's been redec-
Grating her home on TVS
hour-long "a Tour OF the
White House with Mrs. John
F. Kennedy" spent an August
vacation on Italy's Amalfi
coast. And. ever interested in
culture, she unveiled an archi-
Evening star., 1962-12-27

Batistianos, as Batista fol-
lowers are called. appear mors
outSpoken after a period OF
sinking in the shadow OF their
toppled idol.
There is sharp division be-
tween Batistianos and other
exiles. This rift has been a
powerful factor in making
united action against Castro
difficult.
Batistianos call political
rivals "arrepentidos" or RE-
pented ones" This refers "a
their turn against Mr.. Castro
after supporting his revolution
against Gen. BatiSta.
An indication OF persistins
animosity was a remark by
Panchin that II wouldn't call
Miro Cardona even a repented
one"
He referred 10 DR.. Jose Miro
Cardona, Mr.. Castro's first
prime minister and now presi-
dent Of the Cuban Revolution
ary Council. which has the tacit
recognition Of the United States
Government and some others
as the ranking anti-Castro
body.
Panchin, former congress
Evening star., 1962-12-27
New Jersey Cow Tops
z Guernsey Records

PRINCETON, N. J. (AP). -
A talented COW named Rosalayr
Masters Mary May has pro.
duced enough milk in 305 day,
TO supply one person with three
glasses a day for more thar
36 years. She also set a new
national butterfat record for al
breeds Of cattle under s years
Of age.
According 10 the New Jersey
Guernsey Breeders Association
Mary May put out 9,2l6 quarts
Of milk with a butterfat con-
tent Of $50 per cent. with
twice-a- day milkings In the
305-day test period. Her pro-
duction topped the last ouern-
sey record IN this class by 55s
quarts.
Evening star., 1962-12-27
Secrecy Vital

He said he was sorry 1t was
necessary to work In an at.
mosphere of secrecy in the me-
gotiations with MIR. Castro but
that he considered this most
important to the success of the
mission.
Il didn't even tell the Cuban
Families Committee some of
what was going on In Havana
and they didn't want to know"
he said. IF they didn't know
they couldn't tell their families
and friends something that
might have imperiled the re-
lease. When 1t was necessary
for me to talk from Havana to
my people in Miami, I used
only coded messages"
Mr.. Donovan said he also
wanted toclear up another mis-
apprehension about the last
stages Of the exchange.
Castro did not demand that
he be permitted to send three
inspectors to look at the cargo
Of the African Pilot" he de-
clared. II suggested it to
strengthen my hand. I felt If
they could see for themselves
that the stuff was being as
sembled and loaded, my
chances of getting the boys out
of Cuba would be enhanced. /"
His job is not over yet, Mr..
Donovan said. There still re-
mains the matter of the %
Americans In Cuban jails for
whose freedom he is negotiat-
ing. -s $50
The State Department said
yesterday he is acting as "a
humanitarian, not representing
the American Government"
Evening star., 1962-12-27

the documents from banks in
New York, Gen. Clay in WASH
ington and Montreal. There
were difficulties, too, In getting
telephone calls through TO
Havana.
Meanwhile. Mr.. Castro was
being difficult. He had permit
ted the first two plane -loads to
take off but he was holding the
last three planes-including
those carrying the leaders.
At 3 pm, the Montreal bank
got the word to the Cuban bafak
that the $2.s million could be
released on written authoriza-
ton from Mr.. Donovan. The
last three planes took off and
the Cuban prisoners were home
for Christmas. ---.~
Evening star., 1962-12-27
Lost-Minute Scramble
To Pay Castro Related

former general counsel of the
Treasury; and Robert B. An
derson, former Secretary Of
the Treasury, began calling
members Of the sponsoring
committee for money pledges.
Deposited I'm Montreal
Gen. Clay managed to bor-
row some money against fu-
ture pledges. This was depos-
tied in the Royal Bank Of
Canada, Montreal.
The scramble was. virtually
completed by noon but 1t took
several more hours to get all
Evening star., 1962-12-27
Cuban CHARGES
Listed Against
23Anlericans

Most Of the 2S Americans
known TO be held in Cuban
jails for alleged crimes are
charged as "counter-revolu-
tionaries."
James B. Donovan, the New
York attorney who arranged the
exchange Of l,ll3 Cubans cap.
tured by the Castro regime In
the abortive April, 1861, inva.
sion Of Cuba for food and med.
ical supplies, believes he has
Premier Castro's agreement ir
principle for the release Of the
% Americans.
Most Of the Americans are
under sentences ranging from
10 to so years. and are held
on the Isle Of Pines.
State Department Informa-
ton on the home towns and
circumstances Of the arrest oi
the % Americans Is incom.
plete. Here are the names
charges, places Of detention II
known and sentences imposed;
Tommy L. Baker, Dothan
Ala; counter revolutionary
Isle Of Pines, 80 years.
James r. Beane, Franklin
Vile, N. c., Isle Of Pines. 80
years.
George r. Beck, Norton
Mass, counter revolutionary
Isle of Pines, 80 years.
Leslie Bradley. Minneapolis
plotting invasion Of Nicaragua
Isle Of Pines, 10 years.
Daniel Carswell, no address
crimes against the nation, Isle
of Pines. 10 years.
Eustace Danbrunt, no ad-
dress, crimes against the ma
ton, Isle of Pines, 10 years.
Rafael DelPino, Miami, Fla,
counter revolutionary, Isle oi
Pines. 80 years.
Robert John Gentle. Cleve-
land. counter revolutionary
Isle of Pines, 10 years.
Afford E. Gibson, Mount Gil
cad, N. c., counter-revolution-
airy, Isle of Pines, 80 years.
Donald Joe Green, Clover, 8
c., counter revolutionary, Isle
of Pines, 80 years.
Juan Pedro Koop, born In
Cuba, no address, counter-revo-
lutionary, Isle Of Pines, 80
years.
Peter John Lambton. Nassau
counter revolutionary, Isle o1
Pines. 20 years.
John v. MARITIME, no address
counter-revolutionary, Isle o1
Pines, l3 years.
Richard Allen Pecoraro, nc
address, counter-revolutionary
Isle Of Pines, 30 years.
Dario Prohias Bello, Jem
Springs, N. Mex, counter-revo-
lutionary, Isle Of Pines, II
years.
Leonard L. Schmidt, no ad.
dress, counter = revolutionary
Isle Of Jines, 80 years.
Edmund Taransky. no ad.
dress. crimes against the ma,
ton, Isle of Pines. 10 years.
Austin F. Young, jr., Palm
Beach. Fla, counter revolu'
tionary. Isle Of Pines. 80 years
Martha O'Neal (nee Ponce d.
Leon). Orlando. Fla. awaiting
sentence for crime against tn
nation.
Howard L. Rundquist, Sal
Antonio, Tex, awaiting sen
tence for crime against the ma
ton.
Jack O'Jalvo, Los Angeles, ar
rested December, 1861, in San
tiago, no word Of charges.
Ramon Williams, home II
Cuba, counter revolutionary
no prison listed, IL years.
Alberto German Sanchez
home in Cuba, no prison listed
~ years.
Evening star., 1962-12-27
Cuba Releases
Non-InvIader

MIAMI, Fla, Dec. n (AP)-
One Of the 922 persons who ar
rived in Florida today aboard
the freighter African Pilot was
not an invasion prisoner rela-
tive but q man who had been
In q Cuban prison himself for
the past 18 months.
He is Guillermo Ara Alfonso,
a former Havana attorney, SEN
fenced to 20 years impriSon-
Iment on charges resulting from
an attempted escape to the
United States.
Appealed to Castro
Mrs. Virginia Betancourt, a
member Of the Cuban Family
Committee, was overjoyed when
she learned Mr.. Ara had been
permitted to make the voyage.
She said she had spoken To
Fidel Castro a few days ago
and asked that Mr.. Ara, q
brother Of a good friend Of
hers, be released.
Mr.. Ara's brother. Jose, lives
In Miami.
Mr.. Ara was delivered TO the
ship by Cuban authorities yes
terday without being singled
out as anything but some re-
turning family's relative.
He went TO his assigned COM
partment and spent the night
sitting against q steel bulk
head, declining use OF a cot
which was offered him.
II sat on the floor this way
for 10 months in Isla de Pima
prison. One more night would
not matter" he said.
Escape Thwarted
Mr.. Ara said he and a
woman friend attempted 70
flee tn eisland in q motorboat,
but were discovered by two
patrol boats and fired upon
Both he and the woman suf-
fered leg wounds, Mr.. Ara
said. He said the woman later
escaped from q hospital, but
he didn't know where she went
Mr.. Ara said prison officials
came 10 him at 1880 am. yes
terday and without any cx-
planation put him aboard a
Cuban airliner for International
Airport at Havana. He said
Ga officials gave him a suit
OF clothing and took him 10
the ship by car.
Mr.. Ara has three sons and
two brothers in Miami. Two
sisters. a brother and his wife
'are still In Cuba.
Evening star., 1962-12-27

Pope John XIII convened
the 2lst Ecumenical Council,
first since 1870, at the Vatican
on october IL, its goal being in
ternal church renewal. Also in
1862 he instituted the first
change in the heart of the
Mass in 1900 years, made the
first train trip by a Pope in
100 years, raised the College OF
Cardinals to an all-time high
of 81. A few days after his 8lst
birthday November 25. he was
taken i'll with a gastric disorder
Marilyn Monroe Recalled
Sonny Liston became heavy.
weight champion Of the worlc
in two minutes and six seconds
Sept. 25. in a Chicago match
September 25 in a Chicago
match with two-time champion
Evening star., 1962-12-27

the Alliance for Liberty OF
Cuba. a large organization pre-
dominated by so-called Bats
tianos, and headed by 85-year-
old Gen. Generoso Campos
Marquetti.
Panchin. who is divorced
lives with his 24-year-old son
Juan, who works In a restau-
rant and attends the Univer-
sity OF Miami. A brother of the
Batistas, Hermelindo. is in
Cuba. Another. Juan, Is dead
Evening star., 1962-12-27

for the bulky foods the Cubans
originally wanted"
Mr.. Donovan said that after
the crisis ended two members
of the Families Committee (Al-
varo Sanchez, jr>, and Mrs.
Berta Barreto de los Heros)
went to the Isle Of Pines and in
spected the prisoners confined
there. They returned with bad
reports of the Cuban prison.
ers' physical condition, and Mr..
Donovan said 1t then became a
goal to get the prisoners out by
Christmas. .---t.
THAT was three weeks ago"
the New York attorney said,
land there wasn't time for Just
two companies to do the job.
There were a thousand and
one details to iron out. So !
came to Washington and went
to the Pharmaceutical Manu-
facturers Association, repre-
senting more than 200 drug
companies. I explained the sit
uation to them. '.. F..-
Troubled by Bursitis
'They agreed to cooperate
but required assurances, un-
derstandably, that the ex-
change would be legal as well
as in the national interest. The
Attorney General did see two
representatives of the compa-
nies and did give them the as
surances they wanted. Mr.
Kennedy also reaSsured them
they would not be violating the
Logan Act, which prohibits un-
authorized discussions with
foreign governments and as
sured them the donations
would be tax deductible."
The lawyer, who also nego-
tiated the swap with Russia OF
Soviet spy Rudolph Abel for U-2
pilot Francis Gary Powers, re-
Evening star., 1962-12-27

A group Of prominent Amer
leans - including Gen. Lueius
D. Clay and Attorney General
Robert F. Kennedy-scrambled
to raise $2.9 million in cash for
Fidel Castro at tl1e last stage
Of the Cuban prisoner ex-
change. '''sr
AS more details Of the money
raising effort came out today,
Deputy Attorney General Mich
olas deb. Katzenbach said 1t
was believed that the money
would greatly improve the
chances Of getting out the
Americans still held by the
Castro government.
THE money" he explained,
has shown Castro that the
Americans have acted in good
faith throughout. If anything
had gone wrong, including fall
ure to turn over the money,
it would have set back the
chances Of freeing the Amert-
cans"
Promised by Committee
The $40 million was prom
ised by the Cuban Families
Committee in return for the re-
lease Of so wounded Cuban
prisoners last April. The pris-
oners were released ION credit"
The negotiators were aware
that the money had not been
forthcoming. But they hoped
that Attorney James B. Dono-
van could blend the debt into
the $50 million worth Of drugs
and food promised in return
/ for the l,ll3 prisoners.
Last Saturday. however. Mr..
Donovan reported that he was
afraid he might have to pro-
duce the money before all the
prisoners were released.
/ On Monday. according to
Justice Department officials,
John Nolan, q Washington at
torney who was helping Mr..
Donovan with the Cuban nego-
tiations. flew back from Ha-
vana 10 Miami for a am.
conference with Justice off,
cials.
He reported to Louis over
dorfer, head OF the Justice De-
partment's tax division, who
was in Miami for the prisoner
exchange. that Mr.. Castro felt
the deal depended on getting
the cash.
Donovan Stalls Castro
He said Mr.. Donovan had
stalled Mr.. Castro on Sunday
by saying that the banks were
closed but. he continued. Mr..
Donovan was afraid Mr.. Castro
would hold back some Of the
prisoners-including the leaders
If the money was not forth
coming.
With the bulk Of the prison.
ers still In Cuba, Federal and
private officials faced the pos
sibility that Mr.. Castro would
yell bad faith" and stop the
exchange.
Mr.. Nolan called Mr.. Kat
senbach in the pre-dawn hours
In Washington and the Deputy
Attorney General passed the
word along 10 Attorney General
/ Kennedy.
Mr.. Kennedy called a friend.
who agreed 10 put UP 81 million.
Gen. Clay, the leader Of the
American sponsors Of the Gu
ban Families Committee. took
IL from there. b,
! Gen. Clay, Robert knight,