davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-28
BY RICHARD FRYKLUND
star stair Writer

Both the Chinese Commu.
nists and Nationalist have
clear warning today that Pres
ident Kennedy. like President
Eisenhower, will oppose any
attempt to use force in the
Formosa Straits.
President Kennedy empha-
sized in a press conference
statement yesterday that his
policy on Formosa, the Off
shore islands of Quemoy and
Matsu. and the straits is the
same as that of the last ad-
ministration.
Exactly what action would
be necessary in the event of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-28
Kennedy Affirms Policy
OfU. Sin FormosoAr

He included one bit of flint
print just as President Eispn-
mower did during the 1888
crisis.
President Eisenhower made
it clear that the United States
would not remain inactive in
the face Of any aggression
action against the off-shore
islands which might threaten
Formosa.
Since it has been considered
in the past to be almost i'm
possible for the Communists to
attack the off-shore islands
without threatening Formosa
and the Pescadores Islands.
both of which are formally
protected by the 1854 Formosa
Resolution of Congress. it be-
comes clear that President
Kennedy plans to act in the
case of any aggression in the
area.
u. S. Opposed to Force
Asked if his position squared
with recent statements of Ma
tionalist Chinese President
Chang Kai-shek that the time
is ripe for an armed return of
his forces to the mainland, Mr..
Kennedy said that this coun-
try Is opposed to the use of
force in that area.
A 1854 exchange of letters
between the United States and
Nationalist China under which
the Chang government prom
Used not to attack the MAIN
land without American con-
See POLICY, Page As
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-28
DC. Tax Rise
Held Possible
New Realty Rute
Hinges on Budget
BY SAM EASTMAN
Star Staff Writer

District residents may be in
for another increase in the
real estate tax rate.
The possibility of a raise was
revealed today at a Commits
sionerS' meeting by Schuyler
Lowe, head of the Department
of General Administration.
Mr.. Lowe told the Commits
sioners he was Withholding a
recommendation on setting the
real estate tax rate until the
city's fiscal picture is less
cloudy.
The real estate rate and the
levy on business inventories
must be set annually by the
Commissioners. Congress has
control over all other taxes.
Budget Still Uncertain
After today's meeting, Mr.
Lowe said his statement on
the withholding of a real estate
rate recommendation meant
that the door is open to an
increase in this levy for the
fiscal year beginning Sunday
Mr.. Lowe noted that the
Districts spending and reve-
nue. amounts for the new fiscal
year are up in the air. The
Districts proposed budget has
passed the House only.
Also, Mr.. Lowe said, the city's
long-term borrowing request
for $75 million is still pending
before Congress and that there
is a good possibility that pay
raises will be voted for city
workers. E'-- .r..-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-28
Admits Errors,
But Denies
Special FdVOrs
Probers Told
Murphy Acted
In Good Fuith'
BY CECIL HOLLAND
Star Staff Writer

Secretary of Agriculture
Freeman today defended the
administrations handling of
the Billie Sol Estes case, but
acknowledged some errors and
shortcomings for which I
must assume responsibility"
In testimony prepared for a
Senate subcommittee investi-
eating the indicted Pecos (Tex)
operators dealings with the Ag-
riculture Department, Mr..
Freeman declared:
Il. No official or employe
now in the department is
known or can reasonably be
believed to have improperly &C
cepted gifts or other favors
from Estes.
%. Estes received no spe-
cial benefits as a result of IA
vored treatment from the De-
partment of Agriculture.
g. The Government has
lost no money through its BUSH
ness with Estes"
In a 50-page review of the
Estes matter. the Secretary said
Estes should never have re-
ceived extra cotton acreage al
lotments and his appointment
to a Cotton Advisory Board was
"a mistake"
However, Mr.. Freeman said
Undersecretary of Agriculture
Charles Murphy acted "in good
faith" in making the appoint
ment.
Adverse Report
The appointment was made
despite an adverse report from
the Agriculture DEPARTMENTS
personnel office which indi-
Gated that Estes faced possible
prosecution.
Mr.. Freeman disclosed parts
OF memorandum. dated No
vember 81. 1861, in which a
personnel officer wrote that
an investigation of Estes had
turned up information "suf-
ficiently derogatory in nature
that I recommend against
subjects appointment"
The memorandum continued:
Il realize that he has not yet
been tried for the alleged Of
Tense and may not be guilty
of any wrongdoing. However.
since the matter has been re-
ferred for consideration of
prosecution 1t appears avdis-
able to drop his name from
consideration until this matter
is cleared up"
Mr.. Freeman said the Under
secretary was consulted about
this matter. He considered the
memorandum. along with the
transfer of cotton allotments
and, the Secretary said. a
decision on the membership
question was withheld pending
disposition of the allotment
problem.
The OnderSecretary con-
cluded that Estes involvement
in the transfer problem was not
See ESTES. Page AS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-28
Weather Forecast

district and vicinity-Clear and cool to-
night. low in the middle SOS. Fair and
slightly warmer weather expected tomor-
row. High. SO. at pm. yesterday; low.
"a. at Z am. today.
Full Report on Page 81
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-28

Portiol Text Of President Kennedy s
Press Conference. Poee A. IA
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1962-05-17

new air conditioned house.
Your husband should have a
JOB else where and do odd
Jobs around the house for his
room and GARD. Couple
should have a car and refer
ences. We will provide a sit
ting room with TV, bedroom
and bath. Call VIII 2-2828.
1b20
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1962-05-17

HOUSE IN Munson Twp. -
On Auburn Rd., 2 miles
south OF Mayfield Rd., Spac-
iouS and pleasant, new bath
room and automatic oil heat.
3 bedrooms; 2 acre lot, shade
trees, scenic. Under $4,000.
Phone YE 2-2873. 2X21
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1962-05-17
SITUATION WANTED
MALE

HIGH SCHOOL boy would =
like work on a farm during
summer. (Within bicycling
distance of Chardon). Some
experience. Can operate trac-
tor and farm machinery.
Keith Miller AV 6-3525. 2x21
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1962-05-17

tourist or roonling house. Sc
mi commercial district on Rt.
6 and 20. Large lot. Phone
Cleveland HE 1-7430. 2p22
VACANT CORNER House, 7
rooms, 2 car garage, excell-
ent condition at 1886 w. Del
aware Ave, Toledo, O., So,
500. for q Il C k sale Phone
Cleveland HE 1-7430 for de-
tails. 3p22
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1962-05-17

BASS LAKE, Chardon large
living room, stone fireplace
wall to wall braided carpet
ing, 3 bedrooms, full base
ment, 2 car garage, 24O #.
frontage, $l7,900. Owner AV-
6-3427. 2x20
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1962-05-17

DISTRIBUTOR Wanted for
Geauga County. Write M.
Herak 1870 Grand Blvd. Euc-
lid II, Ohio. 1p20
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1962-05-17

WANTED - Mechanic for
service station. Primarily
for mechanical work but also
able to help in station when
needed. Phone P 9-7088 after
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1962-05-17
statesmen OR AGENTS

statesmen OR AGENTS -
Make $50 or more per day
in pleasant route work. Man
Or woman, part or full time.
Experience not required. AL
SO will train supervisor who
has sales experience. Write
Robert Watkins, 379 Freder-
ick St., Carey, Ohio. 2p21
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1962-05-17
HELP w A N 7 E D
FEMALE

WOMEN for cooking, salad
work, general kitchen, dish
es etc, mattresses and bus
boy over 81 years. Also main
tenance man. We are now op-
en- year round and have op-
portunities for good perman-
ent employment or part time.
Welchfield Inn, Rt. 422, WEIGH
field, 0. 2c20
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1962-05-17

WOMAN - Kitchen h e p.
Wash dishes, prepare veg
etableS 1900 pm. to 800 p.
m. Box 103 in care of the
Geauga Record 3X22
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1962-05-17

LARGE HOUSE at 5152 Sup
erior Ave, Cleveland can
be bought unde er $4,000.
Make offer, priced below ap-
praisal. Ideal spot for factory
clinic, convalescent, nursing,
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1962-05-17
SITUATION WANTED
FEMALE

TEACHER will tutor elemen-
tary school pupils in West
Geauga area. For informa-
tion phone Park 94117. 2x21
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1962-05-17
FOR ENT
APARTMENTS

ONE Apartment, down, mod
ern, 4 rooms and bath with
one bedroom, unfcrnished. 2
private entrances, automatic
oil heat, private basement,
garage. Within walking dis
tance of Chardon Plaza. Rea-
Sonable rent, see after / pm.
at 255 Center st. Chardon.
2x20
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1962-05-17

BABIES Crib and mattress :
$500; high chair, $1.OO; ir-
oning board, $50; water tank
and toilet, $500; 8 gal. spray
er, $500; floor lamp, $1.OO;
mating rug, $500; two win
dow awnings, $500; one large
hSead box, $1.50; one lawn
edger, $1.50; / two man saw,
$1.00. Phone AV 5-9494. 2X21
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1962-05-17

HOUSE WANTED - Couple
and one daughter, ten years
old, want to rent clean single
2 or 8 bedroom house in or
near Chardon or Chesterland.
Up to $40. Willing to sign one
year lease. Please Phone 1885,
1888. 2x20
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1962-05-17

WANTED TO BUY - Row.
boat, not nee cessarily in Al
condition. Phone AV 6-5361.
2X20
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1962-05-17

Continued on page IL
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1962-05-17
FOR ENT
MISCELLANEOUS

CONVENT location, for man
only. Call AV 5-3173. 3X20
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1962-05-17

needs work; Lawnmower, To
70 80" reel type, professional
model A l condition. Phone
AV 6-36l7. 2X21
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1962-05-17
FOR SA L E
MISCELLANEOUS

3 POUND Capacity Toledo
scale. Like new. Call 1885,
3673. 3X2O
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1962-05-17

HOUSE TRAITOR, 1857, 81 X
8. In excellent condition.
Awning included. $500. AV g.
5297 after 5 pm. tfn20
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1962-05-17

A door sedan, radio, hea-
ter, automatic. metallic
Blue" a good clean car
priced right!
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1962-05-17

BIRD CAGE with stand 81.
ChildS rocking duck S1.00;
Rug frame and stand $500;
lap rug fr a m e $500; mans
overcoat, ladies winter coat.
afternoon calls only please :
AV 6-1781. 2X21
Arizona sun., 1962-11-08
Mississippi Moves To Arizona

The elections Arizona history history ulu
the Republican Party will be aoe to live down.
minded Aonans and especially Negroes ana lhe
great majority Arzonans Mexican nationality Will not iorge
dsgrcefy nexcusabe behavior at the polls OF
tives of the Republican Party -,
The Negroes fortunately growing leadership of Ne
groes who will always Negroes and do not want be ays
else But the Spanish speaking people, who are legally wfte u
fortunately most of their leadership poentay ue
by evaporation" glad election day at the Behune
school where was asked to go look the situation TO see
Snansh former Democratic legislator who was evoehy
~ r. look into he situation and SITUATION, and dis
vicious one The lines being held up while Negroes
d Spanish people were being questioned harassed and
to highly illegal extent in an effort to SLOW GOVT le ing @
down what was heavily Democratic Vote
AT Dunbar School the tactics used by the Re
publican challenger aided and abeed by the Negro
members of the board At other precincts TINS same
being done AT Julian precinct rev ~ uese ] ad worse
same story Negroes and Spanish people ana
in that area on Monday bills had been distributed eng Ne
not TO be afraid to 90 and they would only be
asked credentials before they were prHeo ~
am told by candidate from Tempe that in Tempe Precm NO.
Dillon Republican challenger oeScfoeo as s oah,,
fooe an employee Arizona Public Service Co., Was rus
showing Spanish women and questioning them IN an alep
prevent Spanish people from voting ms my oiie M
was attempt Spanish people geney Iro
all future elections the Democratic fay mus ]
to see members of minority groups are not ln
dated in any
The most disgracefu thing about all this that the Negro
Republicans obviously approving these conservative Repb
attempting prevent other Negroes from Vone
Perhaps they know that they joining up with
hating Internationally hating members of the extreme rghst
movements who register Republican and vote Republican but call
themselves patriots their politics conservative Or are
these Negro Republicans willing their fellow Negroes who
a Democrats the Republicans win they can hope
with kind of status handou How can ney
feel that status bought such price anything but the hatred
of their fellow Negroes and the contempt of the same Republicans
persuade them to do this to Negroes ana spanish peo
Rev Brooks of Julian Board that only Mrs Susie
should his observation, not be included III us pe'S
of Negroes by Negroes
The NAAcPs rot Partisan organization although many OF
its members But the NAACP is deolcaeo us
other things to fight of treatment OF Negroes or any o
nor v any one of any religious nationality group
AS president of the Reverend Brooks proposes 10 get M
~ W. A. ROBINSON
Arizona sun., 1962-11-08

PHOENIX = Sam Goddard,
Democratic gubernatorial candi-
date, made free text books for
high school students a part of his
education program as he wound up
a tour of Maricopa and Pinal Coun-
ties here last night.
In his speech before he Phoenix
Salt River Valley District Associa-
ton of Negro Baptist Churches
convention, the Tucson lawyer
businessman declared, ITO see
that all our youths get equal ed
ucational opportunity, | favor the
states providing text books to all
high school students.
I'm convinced that our high
dropout rate is caused because
some high school students cannot
afford text books. Some lower
income families even have several
students in school at one time;
they cannot buy books and at the
same time provide food, clothing,
medicine and other essentials.
The former party chairman re-
peated his contention "Our youth
is still our most precious resource.
The cold war has seldom been
closer to us than this week with
Arizona sun., 1962-11-08
We Salute James Meredith
tFom the Chinese World = San Francisco

(Fom the Chinese WOrld-San FrahciScoI
The Chinese word OF tribute 10 olier ~ 'oe
n Meredith Negro student at the University Oh MISSISSIPPI
s more for America than is for me, the couraseous
vno man who literally fivetholssnd i've ou
Sand who often told reporters VINO merVe"e m
n b;S Ionesome room in the "Ole Miss dormltory
Meredith's act of herosm is not only Tor America = ~
all aucaans all lovers of democracy throughout e
IT is of more passing interest THAI the ony oeisn p
mort for the segregatonists and Meredths only rcS nave o
Of a corspicuousy antidemocratc character
Colin Jodan top in the British Nazi movement caDeo
and other segegalonst Wnle oclds III
Mississippi his congratulations your for the racial survival
of the white man.
In Lisbon Portugal the semoiciaI newspaper Diaro Da
spp the u S should quit advocating independence for black
Africa
Communist papers their coverage OF the story nave maoe
capital proof OF lack OF democracy III
America but played the firm stand OF our President ana
Federal Government in enforcing the law
By thus playing those democratic forces which Will yet
berae all mankind from the both right and left they
try cyncy false promises to oppressed peoples
Even in where racist preudices are still eoSpcu
ousy present the Daily said edtoray that The world IN
the real hero of the drama Negro named James
Meredith of the Korean war; Du IN OMou
battlefield" ),
Racists in Mississippi and elsewhere in the world should
know oored peoples of Asia are very conscious Oh Tie
issues stake in Oxford. ), -,
Said the China News, liberal newspaper OF Tape the oooo
od ON e camnu of Ole should make citizen the
Ined states hang his head 1t blrs the usually clear
image of United States 1t sets back the cause Oh he
World Segregation and racial prejudice have no place IN any
racy least of all in the United States -, e.. ,,
These we feel unanimous beliefs OF all treeoonov
eone everywhere heartily grateful that our PRESIDENT
giving his firm wise support
Arizona sun., 1962-11-08
San, Goddard Saws Free Books For Pupils

the events in Cuba. We deal with
deadly enemy that makes GER
tain that education has no limita-
tions. We cannot afford to do less.
He also strongly endorsed a state
minimum wage bill.
Goddard pointed out that the
Arizona House of Representatives
passed a bill HB SO which would
have set the minimum wage at
S.85 in 1868 and then to $1.25 by
1866.
IF we had had any leadership
from the opposition party, I'm
certain it would have gone further.
Those states which are moving
economically all have laws which
give them contented labor force.
THE beneficial consequences OF
floor on wages are obvious. Peo-
ple can better serve themselves
through improved health, greater
ability to educate their children,
provide for their old age and broad
en- the group paying taxes to sup
port our other services.
BEST of all, it takes people
off the Welfare rolls and shows
outside industry a general healthy
situation.
Arizona sun., 1962-11-08
Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity

Nashville, Tenn, now first year
medical student at the University
of Wisconsin Medical College, Ma
Olson, Wisconsin, and one of the
very few non-whites ever admitted
for medicine.
Underg rate Scholarship
Awards are: Reginald Lewis, Bal
timore, Md, senior student major
ing in Political Science at Morgan
State College, Baltimore, Md; Viii
liam j. Frazier, Gary, Indiana,
sophomore at Fisk University
Nashville, Tennessee majoring
Electrical Engineering; Hamilton
E. Holmes, Atlanta, Geo., senior,
University of Georgia, Atlanta,
pre-medical student; Claiming D..
Smith, Middleburg. Virg., junior,
Virginia Union University, Rich
mond, Va, junior student in Bio
Iogy;;. Jerome Az Atkinse~Newport
News, Virginia, junior student,
Electrical Engineering at Howard
University Washington, D. C.
DR.. William H. Hale, General
President of Alpha, and. President
of Langston University, Langston,
Okla, says that the fraternity is
studying the possibility of increas-
ing the $3.50 each to ST 900, but is
confronted with the great number
of deserving students. Therefore,
it might be preferable to double
the students covering more appli-
cantS.
DR.. Clifton R. Jones, Chairman
of Educational Activities Commit
tee, that made the selections of
the winners includes Mr.. Harold
Buckner, st. Louis, Mo-; Bishop
Marquis L. Harris, Atlanta, Ca;
Dr. Elgy S. Johnson, Dist. Teach
ers College, Washington D. c.; Mr..
Harold Jones, Berkeley, California;
DR.. Rayford Logan, Howard Uni
versity, Washington D. C; DR..
Lionel H. Newsom, Morehouse
College, Atlanta, Georgia; DR.. Gus
T. Ridge, Kentucky State College,
Frankfort, KY; Dr. Oscar w.
Ritchie, Kent State University,
Kent, Ohio; and Dr. Milton S. j.
Wright, Willberfarce University,
Wilberforce, Ohio.
Arizona sun., 1962-11-08
File Voter Suit, NAACP
Asks Justice Department

MONROE, La. - The NAACP
here called on the U. S. Depart
ment of justice to halt various
discriminatory practices being en-
ployed by the registrar of voters
against local Negro citizens in
Ouachita Parish. 1t asked the gov
ernment to file suit to protect
Negroes against these practices.
.NAACP President DR.. John |.
Reddix cited several areas Of mis-
treatment of potential Negro voters
in his appeal. They were:
Registrar Mae Lucky refers
to book in determining wheth-
er Negro applicants have correct
ly answered questions. The book
has not been seen.
The atmosphere in Ouachita
Parish Courthouse (Monroe) is
hostile. ION many occasions OUT
people have been told to leave the
building" Rev. Reddix asserted.
"Others have been told to leave
he hallway at once, while still
others were made to stand although
seats were available. -.
..-NAACP officials cited an ex-
ample of the difficult attitude" of
Mrs. Lucky, the registrar, when
she refused to allowfa young ,wom-
an to vote again because she had
married in the meanwhile and
thereby changed her name ..
NAACP voter registration spe-
cialists have been working with
Monroe and other Louisiana units
of the Association in recent months
in efforts to increase Negro voting.
Arizona sun., 1962-11-08

Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity con-
tinues the awarding of scholarship
and fellowship funds to college
and postgraduate. students based
on academic and extra curricuIar
attainments of the applicants.
This year, DR.. Clifton R. Jones,
Director of Educational Activities,
Alpha Phi Alpha, and Professor
of Sociology at Morgan State Col
lege, announced that the number
applying was higher than ever and
the competition greater in all ca
tegories since the first awards of
$1OO each to students at the Con-
vention in 1928 at Atlanta, Ga, and
now about % awards with a mini
mum of $450.00.
A few recipients of the awards
are: Carl E. High, Raleigh, N. c.,
graduate of Clark College, Atlanta
Ga. attending the University of
North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.
&C., studying for Ph. D in Business
Administration; Frederick A.
Christian, Lagos, Nigeria, West
Africa, graduate of Allen Universe
ty, Columbia, S. c., now at
Wayne State University, Detroit,
Michigan for M. A. degree in Para
sitology; Jimmie L. Franklin, Co
rinth, Mississippi, graduate of
Jackson State College, Jackson,
Miss, studying for M. A. in His
tory at the University of Oklahoma,
Norman, Oklahoma; Walter j.
Tardy, Jr., Detroit, Mich,
graduate of Tennessee A. & L.,
Arizona sun., 1962-11-08
CLASSIFIED

1852 Station Wagon for sale. Very
reasonable. AL 4-9537, 1921 S.
9Th Avenue. Call evenings.
ONE BR. FURNISHED HOUSE,
$1,000 per week, utilities furnished,
BAG E. Roeser Rd. Office No. 6.
967-2557.
CAPITOL HOUSE APARTMENTS,
Modern furnished, tiled bath, /
3R. laundry, excellent trsnsporta-
Jon. 1638-4O West Madison st.
ROOM FOR RENT. Call after 500.
AL 3-668S.
MADAM RAY. THE GIFTED
INDIAN READER AND PALMISI
and spiritual reader. She has heal
ed thousands in all walks of AfeS
You have read about this gifted
lady, in the newspapers, and hear
of her on the radio, She is now
located in this area, for the first
time. Don't fail to see her, she
will tell you about your past, pres
ent and future Love, marriage,
health, and business. Divorces,
wills, lawsuits and alcoholic spells
Evil influences of all kindSS Hap
piness, success, luck and numbers
She is a healer if you are sick
in body or spirit, worried in mind,
or in trouble she can heal you.
MADAM RAY can help you
without asking you questions, ,SSle
removes all bad luck : and Shao
spirits. with your eyes to see and
your heart to believe. She vii
tell you what you want to know
Open 8 am. to 10 pm. Every
day-.Private Reading Room. SSe
Habla Espanol. to d.
OF 35TH AVENUE AND WIER)
DONATION
Arizona sun., 1962-11-08

And all things, whatsoever
We shall ask in prayer, beiiev-
ing. We shall receive.
-(Matt. 21:22).
Through prayer our faith
becomes alive, strong, vital
and consistent. At all times
and under all circumstances
it upholds and inspires us.