davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-04-22

or drinks from vending machines daily, and it is
rare citified citizen who doesn't pass dozen coin
machines every day of his life It's an even rarer
urbanite who doesn't buy at least one item week
from machine even if the item is only sOft drink,
q pack of cigarettes a cup Of brewedtOOrder
coffee
Last year vending machines Of all types took in
sat billion in small change. This means that on
gross basis every single u S. coin Of any size went
through vending machine at least once. Ten years
from now vending machine estimated volume is 81
billion, or three times the total value Of all u S.
coins now in circulation With this smallchange
boom in mind, Treasury officials already have
started conferring with coin industry officials on
how many more silver pieces may have to be minted
to keep the machinery well fed.
Once pretty well limited to selling only small
change items, the vending machines have been
liberated for the sale of bigger and better Or at least
more expensive) commodities by the recent develop
ment of billchangng machines When first released,
in 1882 these machines could change only 81 bills.
Today they make change for anything up to $1O after
first scanning each bill eectronically and rejecting
counterfeits and pieces of paper There are even
machines now to convert American money into
foreign currencies
These change-making devices allow machines to
vend thousands Of different items and services for
every member ofthe family For example, Dad, who's
used to getting his lunch from machine, can now
start getting used to buying insurance, neckies, ice,
corsages, and even rewoOd from automatic vendors.
Mother can buy shampoo, cosmetics and nylOns for
herself well as blue jeans and Tshirts for Johnny
Evening star., 1962-04-22

PARK PHARMACY
Tokomo PuFk
PRINCE FREDERICK PHcS.
Prince Frederick
SEABRook PHARMACY
Ssabrook
SlAVlN'S RExAll STORE
lndion Heed
SPENcER'S VARIETY
#S7 Bsyons Rood
SUMAAIT MIL PHARMACY
Silver Spring
Evening star., 1962-04-29
Argentina:
Surrender

Argentine President Jose M.
Guido bowed to military pres
sure and annulled last months
elections in which Peronist
candidates won significant vic
tories.
On March 18, Argentina held
what was billed as a normal"
off-year election. Half Of the lower
house of congress and II of
Argentina'S % provinces were the
main posts on the ballot.
For the first time since 1855,
candidates loyal to ousted dictator
Juan D. Peron were allowed to
run for office, mainly because
President Arturo Frondizi believed
the Peronists would not garner
many votes. Previously they were
denied places on the ballot.
The Peronists, supported by the
majority of Argentina's working
class and opposed to Mr.. Frondizis
austerity program, proved sur
prisingly strong in the election.
They won half of the congress
sional seats (giving them one
fourth of the body and 10 of the
provincial posts.
Their victories in no way gave
them majority rule over the
Evening star., 1962-04-29
Obstacles Cited

All these statements, coming on
top of recent efforts by both sides
10 reduce tensions in Berlin add
cd up to quite relaxed atmos-
phere for talks. And yet, despite
the mutual cordiality, neither side
last week could report any real
progress on solving this thorniest
Of East-West issues.
& At his press conference. Mr..
Rusk emphasized that the "obsta-
Giles" were not minor. but were
crucial differences, going to the
heart of the cold war.
The SturdieSt roadblock to
agreement, Mr.. Khrushchev said
in an interview last week, was "the
presence of Western occupation
forces in West Berlin. 1t can
not be held that agreement is
possible without the solution Of
this question"
Mr.. Rusk agreed with Mr.. Khru-
shchev, for he said that under
present conditions, the West will
not give up these war-won rights
in Berlin.
This is mot negotiable" Mr..
Rusk said.
Basically, the West Berlin "oc-
cupation" issue has been the main
problem since Mr.. Khrushchev first
created the crisis in November of
1858.
Evening star., 1962-04-29
May Day

Grandstands are already in
place in MoscoW's Red Square
for Tuesdays annual celebra-
ton of May Day. Thousands of
Russians, gaily dressed in their
holiday best, will parade past
Premier Khrushchev and his
associates in the Communist
worlds most colorful all-day
extravaganza.
Actually, May Day is not a
Soviet invention. It is known
as Labor Day in most European
countries, and has been cele-
brated since 1882 when the
Socialist unions decreed it
day to press for social and labor
reforms. In the early years,
May Day was bitterly attacked
by most governments, but now
is an accepted part of the scene.
European Labor Day. how
ever, should not be confused
with the ritual of May Day
which once was an elaborate
celebration of the spring, but
now has become best known for
the Maypole dance.
Evening star., 1962-04-29
Civil War Fear

For a while, Mr.. Guido refused
to commit so undemocratic an
act, and there was fear two weeks
ago that civil war might break
out. Various army officers had
pledged support for Mr.. Guido in
his argument with the high COM
mand.
Eventually. however, Mr.. Guido
gave in to the military demands.
On Tuesday, on dubious legal
grounds, he cancelled all of March
18th elections, and said new ones
would be held soon. He also said
a new presidential election would
be held in 1963-angering many
who wanted an earlier one.
The Peronists had threatened a
general strike if their men were
not allowed to take office, but
on Friday. Andres Framini, the
top Peronist, said the strike had
been called off. He said-with
a bit of irony-that he would
seek legal means to protect the
Peronist rights.
Evening star., 1962-04-29
The Foreign Scene

concentrated on the status of West
Berlin. The Russians have talked
of granting some sort of interna-
tional control over the access
routes in return for demilitariza-
ton of West Berlin. The United
States has rejected this, but there
are many West German skeptics,
however, who fear that the United
States may eventually give in and
turn the city over the the U. N.
With the West gone from Ber-
line, many observers feel the city
would slowly become a Red satel-
lite. A western withdrawal might
also cause the West German gov
ernment to make some sort of
deal with the Russians to unite
its country, a deal" at the ex-
pense of the Western alliance.
In his meetings with AmbasSa-
dor Dobrynin, Mr.. Rush has been
emphasizing the Vests insistence
that its rights be recognized in
Berlin. Presumably, if the Rus
slams agree to these rights, sum-
NIT conference may be held later
this year.
Evening star., 1962-04-29

country, but their show of strength
frightened Argentina's military
leaders. The military men-both
army and navy-had forced ruth
less Peron to abdicate in 1855 and
seek asylum in Spain.
They feared that if the Peronists
were allowed to take office on
May l, this might again pave the
way for an eventual dictatorship.
President Frondizi, a moderate
politician, felt the Peronists were
no great danger, and opposed
any unconstitutional move.
In typical Latin American fash
ion, the military arrested" Mr..
Frondizi without any charge, and
imprisoned him outside of Buenos
Aires. Not wanting to break the
constitution flagrantly, however,
the military leaders allowed Vice
President Jose Maria Guido to
assume office. Their demands
were the same: Cancel the Pc
roniSt victories.
Evening star., 1962-04-29

by many as "the Establishment"
apart from and opposed to the
people.
And the MARKHAM Socialists are
an ever present threat. At present
they are outnumbered 81 in the
lower house of the Diet 1896 seats
for the government party to l42
for them but they were able to
mobilize street demonstrations
which forced the cancellation of
President EiSenhower'S visit a few
short years ago.
There is little apparent danger
that they will win power in the
foreseeable future. But there is
danger that they will force the
governing Liberal Democratic
Party to turn toward neutralism
in order to keep its majority.
The Socialists exploit several
major areas of serious disagree
ment between Japan and the West:
Evening star., 1962-04-29
Occupation Rights

: The West says that is has oc-
cupation rights in West Berlin,
and will not give them up until
a general peace settlement is
signed that provides for a Ger
many unified under free elections.
The Russians say the West
should recognize Germany is di-
vided, and that West Berlin should
be made into a free city" under
y. N. control. This would pave
the way for peace treaties with the
two Germanys.
In recent months, the West has
formulated a two-point approach:
/. If the Russians want to dis
cuss changing the status quo in
East and West Germanys, the West
would be agreeable to negotiations.
Thus, if the Russians offer to
make all Berlin-not just West
Berlin-a free city, this might
be possible. If the Russians want
only to change the status quo of
the West, this is not negotiable,
since the Vests rights are based
on its wartime victory, not on
Soviet permission.
2. If the Russians want to dis
cusS stabiliZation of the present
situation, the West is willing to
afford East Germany some recog-
milton in return for international
control of West Berlin's access
routes and for recognition of the
Vests rights in Berlin.
Since the Soviet Union does not
want to give up control over any
part of East Germany - or East
Berlin there seems no hope of
uniting Germany under free elec-
tionS.
Thus exploratory talks have
Evening star., 1962-04-29
Nigeria Gets Whole New VILLAGES

were set up in 1860 which are ex-
pected to turn out 500 scientifi-
cally trained farmers annually by
1888. These will be settled on
their holdings in the same four
year preparatory stages as in the
Eastern region.
But in order to get things
under way quickly, the govern
ment settled $50 farmers without
previous training between Oc-
tober, 1859, and March, 1861, in
13 pilot settlements. These farm
ers lease their 30-acre holdings
for 40 years at one shilling a
year. On a signed contract they
promise to farm according to gov
ernment directiveS, join q coop
for processing and marketing,
produce two different cash crops
and devote five acres to food
crops in order to feed their fam
lilies and provide some income
until the cash crops bring in
money. They also can bequeath
their holdings to but one heir.
The government lends them mon
ey for the house, tools and the
setting up of the farm-a loan
which has to be paid over is to
25 years.
Government officials are hoping
that the settlements will have an
influence on farming way beyond
their limits. Demonstrations by
agriculture extension officials
have had little influence in the
past. Now farmers in the sur
rounding areas can watch their
relatives and friends in the set
Elements and learn from them
that good crops are not the re-
suit of some obscure government
magic.
Evening star., 1962-04-29

fiShpond, post office, church,
tractor station, cooperative, mar
ket, processing mill and the house
of the agricultural extension Of
ficial.
The program includes a long
training period. Applicants must
have finished primary school and
be willing to work with others.
They will learn modern farming
techniques for two years in a gov
ernment farm institute. After
wards they will work for two
years in the settlement as farm
laborers. There they will sleep in
communal quarters, be fed from a
central kitchen, plant and tend
crops and receive wages.
At the beginning of the third
year in the settlement they will
be allotted their holding by ballot
and begin to support themselves
for another two years - under
careful supervision from their
own poultry and food crops. Only
in the fifth year, when the trees
are finally yielding income, may
they bring their families and man
age on their own. They will now
begin to repay the government
over the next IS years for the
cost of settling them, estimated
to be about $8,400 per farmer.
Legally they are tenants of the
government of Eastern Nigeria.
They can be evicted If they vio-
late any of the conditions under
which they were settled. They can
bequeath their holding to an heir,
but only to one, to prevent frag-
mentation.
The Western Region has a SIM
liar scheme which is already in
operation. Five farm institutes
Evening star., 1962-04-29

They want cash and the things
cash can buy. So they drift to the
cities where there are few jobs for
the unskilled.
Yet development into a modern
nation is impossible without a
healthy agriculture producing a
surplus to feed the cities and to
bring in needed foreign exchange.
Practically every African nation
has plans for agricultural devel-
opment ranging from small pilot
projects to mammoth multi-mil-
lion dollar schemes.
The farm settlement schemes
which the governments of East
ern and Western Nigeria are
launching are good examples.
They are designed to reverse the
trend of migration from the rural
areas by making life on the farm
more profitable and enjoyable, and
to increase the output of food
and cash crops through modern
techniques and large-scale culti-
vation.
Evening star., 1962-04-29

continue to expand their fine ef-
forts. go.
After the Senator from Illinois
has given me another lecture
about flowers, I hope he will try
to assist me in securing a few
and around the Capitol terraces.
and aroundt he Capitol terraces,
so that visitors will be able to
take a rest. I know the Senator
from Illinois knows how to build
benches, too; so I am prepared
to take my seat for the next
lecture.
The Wrong Doto?
Mr.. DIRKSEN. Mr.. President,
the Senator from Minnesota not
only pulled the wrong lever yes
terday, but he has been pulling
it all day and all night, assem-
bling all these data. He reminds
me of an agricultural specialist
who went to South Dakota and
visited a farm. Finally he got his
ire up and said to the farmer: II
don't believe you could get any
more than quarts of milk out of
that goat" The farmer said: "You
are so right. 1t isn't a goat; it's
a sheep"
Yesterday the Senator was talk
ing about flowers. Today he talks
about forsythia. Well, ! suppose
anyone who has had anything to
do with flowers knows that for
sythia is a shrub. The Senator
from Minnesota has spoken of
azaleas. With rare success, I have
tried to coax them out of the acid
soil. But the azalea is a shrub,
not flower.
The Senator speaks in glowing
terms about the delicate shades
of rhododendron. How wonderful
ly right he is, except that the
rhododendron is a shrub which
grows quite high. It is not a
flower at all. ...
Mr.. HUMPHREY. Mr.. President
have seen shrubs with their
blooms on occasion, even in the
acid soil. and when the blooms
are forthcoming, we call them
flowers that is, we simple coun-
try folk call them flowers. I can
not say what the professional
person calls them. But If the Sen
ator from Illinois does not think
the beautiful azalea is a flower.
he should talk to the ladies about
them, because they consider them
lovely blooms, lovely flowers, just
as they consider the blooms of the
rhododendron and other shrubs,
flowers, and blossoms Of beauty
and grace.
But I take the Senator's word.
His flowery language overwhelms
me, and makes me feel he knows
more about flowers than I will
ever know. will accept the state
ment of the senatorial professor
of horticulture.
Mr.. DIRKSEN. Whenever the
Senator from Minnesota can con-
vert the Senate or anyone else
who is rooted in the soil to be-
lieve that a flower is a shrub. I
will nominate him to the next va
cant seat on the Supreme Court
of the United States.
Evening star., 1962-04-29
In No Hurry

Mr.. Khrushchev indicated in an
interview with American publisher
Gardner Cowles, however, that he
was in no rush for a summit con-
ference now. He agreed with
President Kennedy and Prim e
Minister Macmillan that such a
conference should be held only if
some positive action would result
or, if war were imminent.
Mr.. Kennedy and Mr.. Macmil-
Ian, with a whole series of i'm
portant matters to discuss, talked
about a future date with Mr..
Khrushchev during their meeting
this week end, but agreed that the
time is not yet ripe. In the past.
Mr.. Macmillan has been more
pro summit" than the President,
but he, too, has been sobered by
May, 1960's summit failure In
Paris.
Evening star., 1962-04-29

spite the dissertation of the Sem
ator from Illinois expressing wor-
ry about frost and whether or not
these flowers would grow at this
time of year.
Then there is the Gallery pear
tree or pyrus calleryiana. A new
variety of it, released in 1860, is
now available. This blooms from
early April to mid-April. We have
lost the opportunity to enjoy these
beautiful blooms because of mis-
information such as expressed by
the Senator from Illinos.
Then there is the Pieris Japoni-
ca, or Andromeda, with its lily of
the vally type bloom. Andro-
media, the Senators will recall, was
an Ethiopian princess who was
chained to a cliff for monster
to devour. but was rescued by
PerSeuS, who married her. This
blooms from late March to late
April. 1t blooms right here in
Washington. We have lost whole
month because of the gardening
habits or horticultural knowledge
of the distinguished and able Sen
ator from Illinois, which was er-
roneouS.
Whw No DoffodiIs?
Then, 'or course, there are va
rieties of flowers that bloom from
early April, up to early May, in
this climate. They are the pansy,
the daffodil, and the tulip. want
to compliment the distinguished
Senator from Illinois for mention
ing the daffodil. He spoke about
how beautiful is the daffodil. Then,
why do we not have daffodils
planted around the Capitol? He
also spoke of the tulip. All over
Washington one sees tulips in
bloom at this time of year. We
could have had many tulips
blooming around the Capitol, and
thus honor one of our NATO allies,
Holland, at the same time. -.
Legend Of the Hyoeinth
Then there is the hyacinth, a
plant tabled in the classic my
thology to have sprung from the
blood Of Hyacinthus, youth be-
loved by Apollo and accidentally
killed by him. From his blood
Apollo caused the hyacinth to
spring.
Here again is a flower that
blooms in Washington, and one
we could have enjoyed during the
past month. It is derived from
one Of the great stories of mythol-
ogy. We could have had our
citizenry think about all this, had
these flowers been planted around
the terrace of the Capitol.
Then there is the crocus, which
will come up through the snow.
and the forsythia. a plant with
yellow bell-shaped flowers appear
ing before the leaves in the early
spring.
All these blooms and flowers
would have blossomed even before
April.
Among the woody plants, there
is the dogwood and the redbud,
with its heart-shaped leaves and
Evening star., 1962-04-29
Continued From Page

Continued From Page B-1
State Rusk said the Russians were
showing "reasonableneSS."
Mr.. Gromyko told the Supreme
Soviet that although there is
desire for a reapproachment
it is quite clear that many OBJ
stacles still remain to be over
cnroe "
Evening star., 1962-04-29
Restless Young Men
When It's Springtime on Capitol Hill
Excerpts from Senate speeches
on Thursday:

Excerpts from Senate speeches
on Thursday:
Mr.. HUMPHREY. Since yester-
day I have been doing some re-
search on the subject of flowers,
blooms, shrubs. trees, and plants.
While the distinguished Sena-
tor from Illinois (Senator Dirk
sem was quite flowery in his Ian
guage Tin a speech the day be-
fore), and while his dissertation
flowed like a brook following the
spring rains, I thought that its
objectivity was not quite equal to
its aesthetic quality.
The Senator from Illinois, am
sure, would enjoy visiting the Ma
tional Arboretum in Washington.
I have come prepared today with
information that will be of help
to my colleagues in case they wish
to explore this matter in more
detail. I have before me the U. s.
Department of Agriculture pam
phlet on the National Arboretum.
1t is Pamphlet No. 800.
I call the attention of the Sen
ator from Illinois to the fact that
the Arboretum is administered by
the Department of Agriculture
through the crops research di-
vision of the Agricultural Re
search Service. 1t was established
by act of Congress on March 4,
1927, and is located in the North
east section of the District of Co.
lumbia at M Street and Maryland
Avenue. I thought I would give
that as a guideline so that Sen
ators who may be interested in
visiting the Arboretum will not end
up out at the Stadium or Armory.
The purpose of the Arboretum is
to conduct research with woody
plants and shrubs and to further
public education with respect to
trees and shrubs susceptible of
cultivation in the climate prevail
ing in the Washington area.
Varieties Of Rhododendron
Here is what Senators would
see. For example, there is the rho
dodendron, with its handsome
white, pink, or ose-purple flowers.
The Cornell pink variety of the
rhododendron was developed by
the director of the National Ar
boretum, DR.. H. T. Skinner, when
he was at Cornell. 1t blooms
from late March to early April.
I believe there are about 20 va
rieties of the rhododendron that
grow in the Washington area, with
beautiful coloration. We could
have had these in bloom around
the Capitol. All these beautiful
blooms could have been here for
us to admire despite the profess
sional knowledge of the amateur
gardener from Illinois.
Then there is the Camellia ia
ponica, which was derived and in
troduced by a Jesuit priest, Father
Kamel, early in the 18th century.
1t has glossy evergreen leaves and
red or white double roselike flowers
and blooms from mid-March to
mid-April. We could have had a
whole month of these beautiful
blooms and flowers to admire, de-
Evening star., 1962-04-29
BY WILLIAM r. FRYE
ContTlbuting Writer

President Kennedy'S
decision to test nuclear weapons
in the Pacific is acutely un-
popular with the japanese people.
Coming on top of other major
Sources of Japanese American
tension restrictions on textile
trade. United States occupation
of Okinawa. Japan's desire to
recognize Red China. Alaskan
fishing rights-it places signifi-
cant strain on Japan'S ties with
the West.
How much more it would take
to jolt Japan into neutraliSm is
difficult for visitor to judge.
1t probably would take lot more
because Japan, under the
present government, is solid and
responsible anchor of the free
world in Asia.
But no one can guarantee the
future. Talk to government people
here, and you get the impression
Japan is with the West all the
way. Talk to the opposition So
cialists. with their MARKHAM lean
ings, and watch their Skillful
manipulation of many issues, and
you decide the free world had
better not take Japan for granted.
Along with India. Japan has
always been regarded as the
principal prize of the cold war
in Asia.
Economically Powerful
Japan has far and away the
greatest concentration of economic
power east of Moscow Though
its people are now pacifist to the
point where men in uniform are
only on the margins of reSpecta-
bility, Japan could again become
a center of military power.
Has the West won this key
prize? Many indicators suggest
that it has.
There are deep economic ties
which bind Japan to the West.
No less than one-third of this
country's export trade, for ex-
ample, is with the United States
Japan has been and is being
Westernized to an extraordinary
degree. Coming from the airport
to downtown Tokyo, there seem
to be more signs in English than
IN japanese. The kimono has vir-
tually disappeared from the capi-
tai in daytime. Tokyo'S traffic
jams are worse than New York'S.
Democracy appears to have
taken deep root. Political war
fare is utterly uninhibited. as in
pre-de Gaulle France. There is
complete civil liberty.
Yet when one looks more
closely, there are remnants of the
old near-worship of governmental
or bureaucratic authority-of the
'okami" tthe honorable above.D
Some press officers . better
described as anti-presS officers
zealously erect barriers between
newspapermen and big shots"
The government is still regarded