davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-13
Reaction Fierce

From the first day, debate
over Western reaction to the
Communist move ragged fierce
ly. Yet no one in those early
days ever seriously considered
using force to break the bar
rier. And for all the inspired
afterthoughtS about VIII a t
might have been done at some
other time, no one has serious
ly considered it since.
In the year that has passed
the feeling of panic has grad
ually worn off. Today the wall
in downtown Berlin has the
look of massive permanence
about it. And even, here and
there, a slightly grotesque at
tempt at the cozy touch.
At the end of Sonneallee in
the workers section of Neu-
kolln, huge concrete urnS filled
with geraniums top the wall at
the crossing point reserved for
the few remaining West Ber-
liners mostly doctors and art
tists) still authorized to enter
the Eastern sector. Further up
at the Allied crossing point
known by its Army name of
Checkpoint Charlie, immacu-
late green lawns flank the i'm
pressive police-manned barri-
cades.
For the most part, however,
the efforts of the East German
authorities over the past year
have been of more practical
nature. Over much of its length
the wall now rises to height
Of Is feet or more, strength
ened with heavy masonry but
tresSes. In many places it is
backed by secondary defenses
Of concrete and wire-the in
terval filed with enormous &C.
ment blocks armed with spikes
to stop trucks from crashing
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-13
Block by Block

And then, block by block. the
wall went up all along the line
until the sight of East Berlin
was cut off and special stands
had to be built in the West for
people who hoped to catch a
glimpse Of relatives on the
other side.
One remembers the faces
Of East German masons work.
ing day and night under
guns Of the VolkSpolizei,
sloShing cement and piling on
blocks in the careless, desperate
manner of men building their
own tombS.
There was a sense of real
danger then and a frightening
uncertainty about what might
happen and what could be
done. The East German au-
thorities, clearly fearing a
mass uprising, wheeled up
their armor and clamped East
Berlin under a virtual state of
siege. Western leaders, obvious
~ caught unawares, put on a
public display of agonized in
decision while the crisis mount
ed.
To some the wall seemed q
crushing defeat for the West
and a possibly fatal blow to
the survival of the free city OF
Berlin. To others it was the
final damning proof of the
failure of the Communist re-
gime to halt the flow of refu.
gees which in early August had
reached a peak of nearly 1900
people a day.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-13

have detected to the West
nence about Berlin's wall that
bellies the periodic rumblings
of Nikita Khrushchev and his
miserable puppets in Pankow.
And it bellies. too, unfortu-
nately, the brave slogan
chalked on the wall at Ber-
nauerstraSse near the spot
where the walls first victim
| jumped to her death last Au-
gust %: "Es Gibt Muir Elm
Berlin. "-"There is only onS
Berlin"
across the wall during the last
year and the number shows no
signs of Stacking off. Indeed,
it sometimes seems that the
pimply-faced, brown-uniformed
youngsters standing guard
along Berlin's wall are there to
guard each other as much as
their civilian brethren.
OF those who have escaped,
most show an almost pathetic
eagernesS to pour out their
hearts to West German intel
| ligence officials. Many will
lingly take part in broadcasts
beamed at the East Zone, the
attitude being that If they are
caught they will be killed in
any case so there is nothing to
lose.
In East Berlin it seems a po-
liceman's lot is even unhappier
than in most places. Mostly
young (the average age of the
defectors is around 49,, Of low
intelligence and strangers to
Berlin, their social life is on
the bleak side. Obliged to wear
their uniforms at all times,
they have no contact whatever
with civilians in East Berlin.
The girls, they complain, re-
fuse to dance with them.
Most defections start when
the young Vopos finally find
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-13

because they have shown their
determination to remain free"
the generals said.
Soviet Jeeps Sighted
The East German Commu-
nists repeatedly doubled their
border guards. West Berlin
police sources also reported
seeing several Soviet Jeeps on
reconnaissance missions rare
sight along the wall.
The East German regime had
predicted that troublemakers in
West Berlin would set off
explosions on the wall today.
Many West Berliners turned
up yesterday evening to wave
across the wall to relatives.
Leaflets calling for a rally
in West Berlin this evening
were distributed. They were
signed by the Committee for
an Indivisible Berlin" Police
said the rally had not been
licensed.
West German President Helm
rich Luebke, in town for a week,
will address the German people
over radio and television to-
night.
West man Chancellor
Konrad Adenauer called on the
world never to forget the II
million people living as in a
prison in Red-ruled East Ger
many.
West Berlin's population was
also asked to stay off the
streets for one hour tonight as
a silent protest against the wall.
Neus Deutschland, the East
German Communist Party pa
per, claimed in a front-page
editorial that the building of
the wall had saved peace. It
claimed that last summer
crazy extremist" of the West
German government were try
ing to spread panic in East
Germany to prepare the way
for military rovocations and
an open attack. War threatened
for the fall Of 1861"
The wall cooled hotheads
and made the United States
ready to negotiate, Neues
Deutschland said.
THE negotiations have not
yet led to a conclusion but Ger
tain progress is unmistakable,"
it continued.
ION August 10, 1861 we saved
the peace. What has to be done
now is finally to secure it,"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-13
Escapes Go On

And still the escapes con-
tinue. In West Berlin the wall
may have become something to
be lived with and even-aS the
sightseeing buses testify-to be
exploited as a tourist attrac-
ton. To East Berliners it is
still very much a prison. And
the best designed prison pre-
sents an almost irresistible
challenge to its prisoners.
Since the wall went up last
August 5000 East Berliners
have applied through the
Red Cross for permission to
rejoin their families in the
West. OF these only 80
almost all of them elderly peo-
ple-have crossed the sector
boundary with the approval OF
the Eastern authorities. But
an estimated $500 to 4,00C
have crossed the border under
imminent peril of sudden death
in a mass demonstration OF
ingenuity, courage and desper-
alton that has had few paral-
lels in recent history.
In the beginning it was fair
ly easy, with large groups es-
Gaping through gaps cut in the
barbed wire barriers. Before the
windows of the houses were
bricked in, the West German
fire department saved the lives
of some 80 people jumping into
fire nets, sometimes literally
out of the clutches the East
German police. Along the banks
of the Teltow Canal, groups Of
swimmers nightly took the dar-
ing plunge-one couple making
it to safety pushing their baby
ahead of them in a bathtub.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-13
Stands As Symbol

But above all, in a city where
almost everything has a SYM
bolic significance, the wall in
all its massive ugliness. stands
as a symbol Of the contain
ment" of communism-all the
more striking in that it has
been imposed by the Commu-
nists on their own unhappy
subjects.
Psychologically it forms a
defensive barrier around West
Berlin that would be as difficult
to cross from one side as the
other, freezing in miles of solid
concrete the high watermark of
Communist advance. Or so it
seems on this first anniversary
There is a quality of perma-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-13
BERLIN
Continued From Page Al

Continued From Page Al
peared particularly enraged by
the sight of the wooden cross
inscribed I'VE accuse" beins
carried by West Berlin youths
The cross was draped in black
mourning ribbon and followed
by between 500 and 700 young.
sters walking slowly along the
wall chanting such slogans as
"Out With Ulbricht"-
East German Communist CHIEF
Walter Ulbricht. This demon
stration touched off the teal
gas battle.
Riot police eventually cleared
the crowd from the Wilhelm.
strasse area.
German motorists who trav.
eled the Hamburg-Berlin high.
way reported big movements Of
East German troops. They sale
tanks, armored cars and ar.
mored personnel carriers were
headed from Nauen, about q
miles west of Berlin, toward
the British sector border al
Stalker.
At least 5000 West Berliner.
were at various points alonl
the wall, witnesses estimated
Traffic and work had haltec
for three minutes in West Der.
lin to mark the anniversary
Freedom Bell Tolls
The Freedom Bell, modelled
after Americas Liberty Bell
tolled the beginning and the
end of the brief period. West
Berlin motorists nearly drowned
it out by honking their horns
What was planned by au-
thorities as quiet observance
of the anniversary erupted into
a noisy demonstration. At the
Friedrichstrasse the horn boot.
ing kept up for so minutes.
People streamed to the wall
They shook their fists, shouted
in chorus and waved to any
East Berliners they could see
Soviet soldiers in a Red Army
car caught in the stalled traf-
fic were booed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-13
Continued From Page Al

am, Senator Gore. Democrat
of Tennessee, one Of the op-
.penents, was pressing for an
early vote on his amendment
to make sure that the State
Department would conduct or
supervise all negotiations be-
tween this country and other
nations or foreign agencies in
connection with the satellite
communication system.
Senator LauSche, Democrat
of Ohio, has joined Senator
Gore in seeking to restore a
section recommended originally
by President Kennedy, which
says the proposed private sat-
elite corporation shall not
enter into negotiations with
any international agency, for
eign government or entity with
out a prior notification to the
Department of State. which will
conduct or supervise such ne
gotiations."
This provision was changed
in committee to provide that
whenever the corporation shall
enter into business negotiations
with respect to facilities, opera
lions or services authorized by
this act with any international
or foreign entity, it shall notify
the Department of State of the
negotiations, and the Depart
ment of State shall advise the
corporation of relevant foreign
policy considerations"
Administration spokesman
told the Foreign Relations CON-
mittee the bill, as it stands,
protects adequately the pub
lie interest and the Govern
ment's right to direct foreign
policy.
If cloture fails twice and
Senator Dirksen blocks any at
tempt to sidetrack the satellite
bill, it could upset the hopes OF
Democratic leaders to adjourn
Congress in mid-September.
The decision rests largely
with the Southern Democrats,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-13

through. The windows and
doors or buildings along the
sector boundary have been
bricked in and the buildings
themselves evacuated. Along
the whole periphery a no.
man's-land has been created
where no one can enter with
out special authorization,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-13

who had information on such
matters could get an investiga-
ton. But Senator Mansfield
said he would oppose any ef-
fort to delay the vote on clo-
tre.
Senator Marlborough, Demo-
crat Of Texas, told the Senate
it was its duty to lay aside the
bill until this charge Of bribery
has been investigated"
Senator Kefauver and Sen
ator Douglas Democrats Of
Illinois) brought up the mat
ter Of q series Of questions
Senator Long had directed last
Friday at Senator Moss Dem
ocrat Of Utah, another oppo-
nent Of the satellite bill.
Senator Long prefaced his
remarks at that time with the
observation that II should like
to ask the Senator from Utah
whether the telephone COM
pany has offered him the kind
Of proposal that it has offered
me?"
Moss Denies Overtures
Senator Moss replied that he
had had no such communities
tons.
Senator Long then asked
Senator Moss if he had had
proposals made to him that
he could own q telephone build
ing in his State and that the
telephone company would make
the loan and indorse the loan
to build a big building in a big
city in his State Just on the
assurance that the Senator
would give sympathetic con-
sideration to the company's
problem :"
Senator Long asked If there
also was mentioned "the prob
ability that he (the Senator)
would wind up eventually worth
S. million or SIS million"
Senator Moss replied no
proposition Of this sort or any,
thing akin to it had been made
to him.
Senator Long declined after
he had directed his series of
questions to Senator Moss to
amplify his statements to re-
porters who questioned him off
the Senate floor.
But after today's develop
mentS. Senator Long told a re-
porter when reached by tele-
phone. that he did not feel he
had been offered a bride.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-13
Morale Is High

The morale Of the people
after a shaky moment last fall
is as high as ever. Shops are
bustling, the tourist trade is
booming. the German version
of My Fair Lady is playing to
capacity audiences and Nit Elm
Klein BisSchen Gluk will be
going strong this time next
year.
Even in the East zone, intelli-
gence authorities have noticed
a significant change Of mood in
recent months. After a period
of black despair a spirit of de-
fiance of the hated regime of
Walter Ullbricht seems to be
reviving. Many people, it seems,
are now pinning their hopes on
an economic crisis in the CON-
munist zone to force revision OF
the whole German policy of the
Kremlin. In the meantime they
are counting on the firmneSs OF
the West not only in Berlin
but all along the line.
When recent speculation
about possible West German
credits for the hard-preSsed
Communist regime reached the
East Zone by way of Berlin's
Rias radio, there were $50 let
tiers of anguished protest with
in five days.
If anything, the wall, cruel
as it is, has had the effect of
stabilizing the precarious politi-
cal situation here. Today it is
seriously estimated that if it
came down without a concur
rent change Of the East Ger
man regime there would be 2
million refugees in West Berlin
at the end Of the first week
a frightening enough prospect
to give pause to the most
ardent advocate. of positive
action" on anyone's part.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-13
THE WALL
THE WALL
West Berlin Morale Is High Despite Barrier

Continued From Page Al
its society. And it is rare to
find a person without one or
more relatives living on the
other side Of the barrier.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-13
FILIBUSTER
Long Denies Offer
Of Bride for Vote

who consistently oppose limit
ing debate. At the same time,
most Of them favor the private
enterprise approach to the
satellite bill.
A few Southerners are ex-
pected to vote for cloture, and
if the others absent themselves
it will win.
Kefauver Sees Pressure
Senator Kefauver, Democrat
of Tennessee, leader of the op-
position to the satellite bill
said he knew Senators were
being asked to stay away, anc
said it is not fair to pressure
Senators to avoid their consti-
tutional duty to vote on i'm
portant issues.
The Southerners are not the
only ones who will be torn by
conflicting desires on the clio.
ture vote. Some of the oppo-
nents of the satellite bill, who
would like to see cloture fail
in this instance, have beer
leaders in the fight for new
anti-filibuster rules.
Senator Kefauver told the
Senate today that I'VE art
witnessing the biggest public
relations effort to complete Z
give-away on behalf of AT&1
and other monopoly corpora.
tons, which do not want the
truth known about this bill
Give us three weeks to de.
bate this bill and the Senate
will vote against it." Senator
Kefauver declared.
Probe Asked
Meanwhile filibustering Sen
ators today demanded an i'm
mediate investigation CT what
one Of them called a reported
bribery attempt. They asked
that all voting be held ur
meantime.
Senator Mansfield told Sen
ator Kefauver and others who
cited a statement by Senator
Long, Democrat Of Louisiana
last Friday that any Senator
Evening star., 1962-05-27
Home Front, May, 1862

Of the disloyal over the defeat
and slaughter Of . regiment
raised among the citizens Of
Baltimore. The excitement
was intense, and knOckdowns
frequent A secesh butcher
was Knocked down on Satur.
day night, and on Sunday
1.-TWO other menl were badly
beaten. lionel was protected
by the police, and when he
thanked them cries Of hang
him." hang him." resounded
all around him. The indie
pendent Methodist Episcopal
Church. at the Assembly
Rooms, suspended service be-
cause an attack upon them
was threatened. Mr.. Passano,
residing on High street near
Lombard, was hit by a brick.
inflicting a severe wound.
CUM GRANO SAILS.
We see no reason to be-
lieve the telegraphic stories
about the firing of women
from houses in Winchester
on our troops on their recent
retreat from that town. Nor
do we place implicit faith in
those Of the alleged unpro-
voked barbarity Of the rebels
practiced on Kenly's command.
Though they are brutal
enough in all conscience. we
require more than first tele-
graphic dispatches to make us
swallow those accounts. The
people in rebeldom, deceived
by lying stories per telegraph.
and otherwise disseminated,
very generally believe that
the conduct Of our troops to
their wounded is quite as
reprehensible as these &C
counts make the conduct of
theirs In these cases. All
know how unjust the asper-
siOns are upon our gallant
troops; and we should there
for recOllect that IL may not
be impossible that their al
legged brutality at Front Royal
may have been exaggerated.
Evening star., 1962-05-27
THE JUBILEE AND
THE PANIC.

Secesh in Washington
held a jubilee yesterday over
the exaggerated reports Of
JacksOn's exploits in the Val
ley. Thus, secesh suddenly
ceased for the nonce their
herculean labors to elect
their candidate mayor of
the Federal Metropolis, and
crowded the hotel halls with
radiant faces. Such hand
squeezing as occurred be-
tween them must have been
refreshing indeed after the
gloom under which they had
so long rested on account Of
the previous war news. -.
THE SITUATION.
The public, we are per
fectly satisfied. are needless
ly agitated and alarmed rela-
tive to the operations Of the
rebels in the valley Of Vir-
ginia, including Kenly's de-
feat and Banks retreat. -.
The idea of.a venture on
IJacksOn'sl part to cross the
river after Banks Is most pre-
pOsterous, as he must know
well that by this time b. has
been so reinforced, that be
could never get back into Vir.
ginia we're he to essay the
experiment. -.
DISTURBANCES IN
BALTIMORE, YESTERDAY
We CLEAN the following partic-
ulars from the Baltimore
American:
The news Of the defeat Of
the lst Maryland regiment
and the death Of Col. KenIy
caused q high feeling Of ex-
asperati0n, and this was in
creased by the open rejoicing
Evening star., 1962-05-27

THE effect of JacksOn's
l. audaciOus push down
the Valley Of Virginia was
unmistakable that week.
The Star reflected it in
the news and editorial
columns.
Evening star., 1962-05-27
From Winchester

at Front Royal too dogs later they learn their army has
covered 90 miles in the svon0 direction to the sae side
Of the Potomac. The only naeHtion Of the second major
bGtte Of JGcksONs driUe Winchester -0ppeared not
Uey cOmspicuoUsy in the edition Page One the
secondary neDs page Of The StGr in those dogs
A BATTLE AT WINCHESTER.
Gen. Banks Compelled 10 Retreat into MaFyIand-
The Enemy Advancing ON Harpers Ferry.
The enemy under Gems Ewell and( Allegheny John
SON with largely superior force battle to Cen Banks
yesterday Sunday morning at Winchester commencing
daylight Gen Banks fought them for six
treated in the direction Of Marinsburg with what loss
unknown.
The enemy are, is understood advancing from Win
chester Harpes Ferry Our troops there being
rapidly reinforced.
RumOr that Jackson is advancing support
Ewe and Johnson and there also statements that still
another force is behind him. Prompt arrangements have
been made to meet these emergencies truly reported
Official RepsFt frem Geaeral Banks.
HEADQUARTERS, Martinsburg May 25 24O pm
Hon. Stanton rebels attacked this morning in
great force Their number estimated at fifteen thousand
consisting Of Ewels and JacksOns divisions The fire Of
pckets began with light and followed up by the aril
THE STAR MAGAZINE WASHINGTON. D. c. MAY "a.
Evening star., 1962-05-27
IMPORTANT OFFICIAL DISPATCH
FROM GENERAL BANKS.
He Crosses the Potomac In Safety at
Williamsp0rt, with his entire
force, trains and all.
The Enemy Hestitates to Fellow Him,
lest they get in q tight place.

WLLIAMSPORT OAdl May b. To Hon. E. N. StGMtOn
SeetG Of War We believe that whole force trains and
all will cross in safety The in fine spirits and eros
sing in good order The labor Of last night fearful The
enemy followed last night march, but has not made
his appearance this morning The Of movements
South has unquesonaby caused them to look for their
safety Your dispatch read to the troops this morning
amid the heartiest cheers
Mp BANKS, Maj. Gen. Com'dg
Bonks eheeuuEness could not h0Oe been shared oy
WGshinOtOnians One d0y they read 0bo1t "repHtse
Evening star., 1962-05-27

ley until the whole lines fully under fire both
sides
The left wing stood firmly. holding its ground WE'LL and
the right did the for me when two regiments broke
under the fire Of the enemy The right wing fell back and
ordered to withdraw and the troops passed through the
town in considerable confusion They quickly
formed the other side and continued their good
order to Martnsburg where they arrived at 24O pm,
distance Of 22 miles.
Our wagOnl trains in advance and will the
river In safety Our entire force engaged than four
thousand.
Our loss considerable. that of the enemy hut
cannot now be stated
NJ p. BANKS, Maj Gen. Cong
J0cksOns plan had BEEN to cut off Banks' army BE-
fore could GET from StTasbusy to Winchester His troops
however could not resist lOOtiRg the huge Federal
sosV that feu to them at Front Royal The delay per-
mitted Banks to reach Winchester and prepare for q
pitched bottle And after he had been detected there
LOOting again pFOhibited effective pgssu and desuc
ton Of the Federal force The Rebels began the
Union commander ~CommissasY Banks. Up NORTH
owing to the uncertainty Of his performances and reports
some used his initials for nickname, Nothing
Positive" BGals.
NEXT SUNDAY: Rsbert T. Lee 10 the front
Evening star., 1962-05-27

publishing day nteTuened and then the net thing StGr
readers shocked to learn zoos that the Coederates
had the whole Valley to themseEpes.
The coastland times with which is combined the pilot and herald of Belhaven and Swan Quarter. [volume] (Manteo, N.C.) 1959-1973, 1962-02-09
PATRICIA COHOON INJURED
IN FALL FROM HORSE

COLUMBIA-Miss Patricia Ann
(Pat) Cohoon, daughter of Mr.. and
Mrs. w. Charles Cohoon of Raleigh;
formerly Of Columbia, sustained a
severe head injury when thrown
from a horse in North Wilkesboro
Tuesday, Jan. 80.
A student Of U.N.C., Pat was
Wishing her room mate Miss Re-
becca Lowe during the between
quarters leave. While horseback
riding she was thrown to the
ground.
In North Wilkesboro hospital her
condition was diagnosed, according
to her father, as conclusion. He
stated that she was unconscious
for some time and had partially re-
vived on Saturday, but was still in
a state Of shock. He quoted the
physician as saying she would
be unable to return to her classo~
for the remainder of the school
year. Pat was moved by ambulance
to Rex Hospital in Raleigh on Mon
day, Feb. 5.