davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-09-25
s. Do You Want Communism to Crush Him3
LETTERS 10 THE STAR
Transportation Planners Pipe Dream

proportion Of trips that do
not begin or end in the down.
town area; these cannot be
served well by public transit.
Traffic crossing the District
line will triple by 1880, yet
only rs per cent Of the traffic
viii have downtown destina-
tions. For these reasons, even
the introduction of extensive
rail transit service would not
eliminate the need for a
greatly expanded highway
network"
The evidence against heavy
emphasis on rail transit is
just as valid today as it was
in 1859.
Adelbert w. Lee.
Your article Of September
2, detailing certain Of the
forthcoming recommended
tions Of the National Capital
Transportation Agency re-
called to mind the testimony
of c. Darwin Stolzenbach,
META administrator, when
he appeared before the Joint
Congressional Committee on
Washington Metropolitan
Problems in 1859, at which
time Mr.. Stolzenbach repre-
sented the Interfederation
Council Of the Greater WASH
ington Area.
A re-reading of Mr.. Stol-
zenbach's testimony, in the
light Of what your newspaper
reported on September 2, Is
most interesting. Referring to
the mass transportation sur
vey for this area, prepared by
official planning agencies at
the direction of Congress and
developed over a four-year
period by competent author
tiles on urban transpor-
tation. Mr.. Stolzenbach ap-
peared to take extra pains
to play down the role Of
freeways.
He said: %. the plan as
proposed in the mass trans
portation survey placed a
disproportionate emphasis on
private auto transport as op
posed to other forms Of
transportation and failed to
consider seriously public poll
icies that would tend to in
crease the utility of mass
transit relative to the auto
mobile"
This statement is extreme
ly significant in that the
Interfederation Councils
resolution, presented by Mr..
Stolzenbach, contained this
statement:
"The assumption that res
idents of the region will con-
tinue to increase their use of
the private automobile as
their urinary nnnde of intra-
Evening star., 1962-09-25
Little Red SchooIhouse Never Like This

I have a great deal Of re-
spect for today's secondary
school educators. Along with
cleverly cunning politicians
and gray market building
contractors, they seem to be
able to bamboozle progress
sively more money from the
simple taxpayer than any
other single group.
All this week, my two jun
ior high offspring have been
engaged in taking guinea
pig" tests, a creeping form of
formal conformism which
seems to have mushroomed
like an atomic cloud since
World War II; and If allowed
to continue, may well even
tually have it so that the stu
dents themselves are merely
fed into IBM machines each
year, and coughed out to
their parents in the order of
idiocy which the metallic
monsters dictate.
! have no statistics to fac
tually document the cost in
teacher time, administrative
expense, and student misery
and Illustration that go into
these aptitude, achievement,
Standardization, ability, Sc
quential progress, maturity,
malleability and other tests
which seem no more than
cunctatorial attempts to i'm
pede the normal progress of
education. But the shekels
shelled out annually by the
taxpayer for these automated
and asinine designations Is
undoubtedly phenomenal.
And what do they accom-
plish? In addition to the tax
dollars they so hungrily in
gest to support the time and
paperwork involved, they also
provide countless jobs for ap-
parently sub-teaching level
little young things fresh out
Of college, who are, for want
Of a better word. referred to
Evening star., 1962-09-25

A l0-rail transit line and
a triple express bus route in
the Washington metropolitan
area for $3.50 million? A pipe
dreaml Where, I would like to
know. does Mr.. Stolzenbach
get his mathematicians?
When the very able engi-
neers and planners studied the
feasibility of rail transit lines
for the National Capital
Region Transportation Plan
in 1859, they estimated the
cost Of a nine-rail system at
$876 million. The mileage
was considerably less than
that which appears to be in
volved in the recently pub
lished map Of the Stolzen-
bach Plan.
But, even more important
than initial cost, is the prac-
ticality Of a fixed-rail tram
sit system to serve the needs
Of the Washington area. The
planners who developed the
1859 study gave consideration
to a predominantly rail sys-
TEN, but ruled it out for these
well-justified reasons, I quote
from the 1859 report:
"The Washington area does
not provide the concentra-
tions Of residential develop
ment or downtown employ
ment needed to justify an ex-
tensive rail system, with its
large capital costs. 1t is true
that g substantial proportion
Of regional employment Is
located in downtown Wash
inton, but the downtown
area is much larger than in
most other large cities, and
1t cannot all be served direct
ly by a small number Of tram
sit lines and stations. The
suburban population is dis
persed over wide areas at
low densities, and there are
few heavily populated corri-
dors to provide the heavy pas
senger volumes necessary for
economical operation, such as
are to be found in other cities
where settlement has followed
rail lines or topography has
channeled growth. The pat
tern Of low-density develop
ment promises to continue,
since most Of the regions res
identS prefer to live in sub
urban developments of SINGLE
family homes. Where Develop
ment Is at a low density, ex-
press transit service loses
much of its time advantage
over the private automobile,
since most persons must
spend a considerable amount
of time in travelling to the
transit stations. Another fac
tor that limits the number Of
trips that can be attached to
express transit Is the large
Evening star., 1962-09-25

urban transport is made In
the report. II we are to avoid
wholesale vehicular conges-
tion as a consequence Of this
trend. 1t is obviously neces-
sary to find some means for
regulating the flow of auto
mobiles to the city center.
This will require the provi-
sion of more attractive al
ternatives as well as restric-
tions economic or police) on
the flow of traffic. Zoning
powers may Of course be used
as a control on the traffic.
generating uses Of land, and
thereby afford a means for
regulating some traffic at its
source"
The resolution also recon-
mended the Control" Of
traffic flow over highway,
rail and other routes Of the
mass transportation system
Of the region in the interest
Of control of congestion in
or through any part of the
region" and ito levy user
charges as one element in the
control of congestion"
The implication In Mr..
Stolzenbach's 1859 proposal
seems to be that the imposi-
ton Of user charges on high
ways leading into this city
and economic or police re-
strictions on the flow of traf-
fic might solve all our prob
lens Of congestion; In other
words, charge the user (the
motorist) so much for driv-
ing into the city that he will
keep his car at home.
1t may be that Mr.. Stol-
zenbach has decided that the
pyramiding Of charges on the
highway user or police re-
strictions on the users move
ment would not be palatable.
If. the NCTA's recommenda-
tions follow the line reported
in your September 2 article,
its administrator may feel
there is a much more simple
solution. That is: scrap the
freeways. Then, 1t follows
that the commuter will have
no other choice but to ride
a rail line or a subway. It's
Just as simple as that.
Mr.. Stolzenbach will learn
soon enough that you cannot
deny to the motorist the
freedom Of choice! People
will not be forced into using
a transit system that they do
not want. Our motor vehicle
taxes are going into a trust
fund for the purpose of build
ing highways and freeways.
We have every right to ex-
pect that these highways and
freeways will be built.
Henry HI. Smelling
Evening star., 1962-09-25

whether the Monroe Doc
trine has been cast into the
discard, and not many are
interested in replies that the
atomic era has made 1t inn
possible for the United
States to stand by that doc
trine.
Republicans are still count
ing, too, on the charge that
this Congress. though almost
2 to / Democratic in the
Senate and 3 to 2 Democratic
in the House, has accom-
plished little. They remem-
Der that former President
Truman made an effective
campaign in 1913 on the issue
that the 80th Congress, con-
trolled by the Republicans,
was q "do-nothing Congress"
The stock market slump, the
failure Of President Kennedy
to get any civil rights legis-
lation. medical aid for the
aged, and Federal assistance
to education on the statute
books, they feel, will all have
their effects.
Hopeful on Accomplishments
The Democrats insist that
the present Congress has
done a great deal - though
some Of the liberal Demo-
Gratis are critical because inn
portant parts Of the New
Frontier program have been
ditched at least for the time
being. They admit they are
not sure how far the Cuban
issue will cut. But they hope
that passage Of the Cuban
resolution by Congress, warn-
ing Castro and the Com
munistS this country viii not
permit the sending of arms
by the Communists to other
Latin American countries,
and against any aggressive
military buildup in Cuba, viii
blunt the charges made by
the Republicans Of weakness
on the part Of the Kennedy
administration. They are
counting on the passage of
the trade bill and several
other measures in this wind
up Of the session to get them
off the hook on the count Of
"do-nothingness."
Another question in the
minds of both Democratic
and Republican members Of
Congress Is how much will
the results in the guber-
Material elections affect the
congressional results? AS Of
today, Republican chances of
gubernatorial elections are
said to be right in a number
of States; for example, Penn
sylvania, Michiga an, New
York. Ohio, Wisconsin, Wyo-
ming and Connecticut -
States which, with the ex-
ception Of New York, have
Democratic Governors today.
Democrats, except for a
few of the most optimistic,
do not reckon on making
gains in the House. A sober
Judgment by most of them is
that when the election is
over the political line up will
be approximately what 1t is
today. They say that there
are 10 to IS districts where
Democrats may defeat Re-
publican incumbents and Is
to 20 districts where the Re-.
publicans may defeat Demo-
cratic incumbents. Republi-
cans take a different view,
ranging from capturing con-
troll Of the House to a gain
Of rs or 80 seats in that body.
Evening star., 1962-09-25
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
New Type Craft for Ocean Research
By THOMAS r. HENRY

scientific station drifting
through the Arctic ice pack,
which was "loSt" for nearly
six months, has been located
and reoccupied by the Navy.
1t will be used, perhaps on
through the winter, in var
ious Office of Naval Research
projects in acoustics, gravity,
seismology, and magnetism.
Last fall the ice island went
aground off Point Barrow,
Alaska, and was virtually
abandoned. A little later it
refloated itself and drifted
north and west into the Arc
tic Ocean. Early in Febru-
ary a Navy pilot spotted it
while on a routine flight.
Since its grounding and re-
launching the great ice slab
had decreased to about half
its former size but still
contained the former camp
buildings.
May Be Flight Stop
Late last February the
Navy landed a radioman and
two Eskimos by plane to re-
occupy this floating bit of
real estate.
1t may be used as q way
stop in flights to and from
another ice island, Arlis II,
which now is drifting farther
and further from Point Bar
row but is only a few hundred
miles from Fletcher Island.
The matter of resupplying
Arlis II, according to a Navy
report, brought about a near
tragedy last fall. A plane
flew to the island, and was
refueled from gasoline cans
previously landed there. Then
it took off again for Point
Barrow.
Then it was found that the
plane had been filled up by
mistake with fuel oil instead
OF gasoline. The mistake was
not discovered, however, un-
til the engines conked out
with the plane high over the
ocean in the Arctic night.
Fortunately. the pilot was
able to make q safe landing
on q bare ice floe. Within
a few hours another plane
was flown in and rescued all
hands.
Evening star., 1962-09-25

tions established as time moves closer
to November 9. Indeed, In the course
Of the pleasant little pledge-signing
ceremony, Chairman Charles P. Taft
Of the Fair Campaign Practices Com
mittee offered fascinating prediction
that there will be fewer smears this
year than the 81 so catalogued In 1858
but probably more than the 50 alleged
in 1860. How about so, Just to keep
things nvely2
Evening star., 1962-09-25
Answers to Questions
BY THE HAsKIN SERVICE

@. Did Longfellow write
the "Mr. Finney's Turnip"
poem?-P. M.
A. The authorship Of this
five-stanza poem is unknown.
1t was persistently attributed
to Longfellow, but he denied
the authorship in o letter
dated July II. 1881.
Evening star., 1962-09-25
THE POLITICAL MILL
Who Gains From, q Brief Compoiqn?
By GOULD LINCOLN

Members Of Congress are
going 10 have only q month
In which to campaign ac-
lively and continuously
for reelection, IL as now
predicted Congress ad-
iournS next week. Obvi-
ously, most members of the
House and Senate would
like TO get back home to
make their bids for votes.
This goes for Democrats
and Republicans alike. And
just as obviously, those
Democrats and Republicans
who hope to replace the in
cumbents are pleased to
have their opponents tied
by the leg in Washington.
II the adjournment comes
as late as October s, there
will remain just four weeks
before the voters 60 to the
polls. Spokesman for both
parties say they do not think
the late adjournment will
make much difference in
the general outcome. Some
Of them believe a brief, hard
campaign viii be more eff
fective than If the candi-
dates for reelection had
been at home since the end
Of July or August. They
have made their records in
Congress, and most of them
have been able to return to
their States and districts for
brief periods since their re-
nomination.
If there is to be any ad-
vantage, Republicans say it
should be with them, since
the Democrats have far
more candidates seeking re-
election than have the Re-
publicans. With one va
cancy, the House member
ship is divided between the
Democrats and the Repub-
licans-262 Democrats and
174 Republicans. The vacant
seat was held by q Demo-
crat. In other words, the
Democrats hold 80 more
seats than the Republicans.
On the other hand, more
than that number are DEM
ocrats from the old Solid
South, where, except for
seven Districts now held by
Republicans, all are Demo-
Gratis. While the Republi-
cans are hoping to gain sew
eral House seats in other
Southern districts, in the
vast majority, Democratic
nomination is tantamount
to election.
Local Issues the Key
There is strong belief
that a great number of the
congressional elections will
be won or lost on local is
sues, rather than national.
The country is generally
prosperous outside the dis
tressed areas such as are
found in West Virginia and
Pennsylvania coal mining
districts. This should be an
advantage to the Democrats.
But occasionally q national
issue becomes a local issue.
The Republicans are intent
on showing home the failure
Of the Kennedy administra-
tion to meet the Cuban stu
alton effectively. No one
knows how deeply this issue
will cut. But both Demo-
Gratis and Republicans on
Capitol Hill are getting a
great amount Of mail from
their constituents on the
subject. Many are asking
Evening star., 1962-09-25

The Navy has q new type
Of oceanic research vessel in
the Pacific.
II can sail in both hori-
zontal and vertical positions
- on its bottom or on its
head. In q vertical position
the craft will provide the
stable platform long needed
by oceanographers, especial
ly In rough seas where ex-
perimental equipment is not
always effective and accurate
measurements cannot be OBJ
tanned. 1t will be used for
studies of wave motion, ma
rine biology, internal waves,
sound waves and other ocean
phenomena. The first studies
will be of sound waves
through water.
The vessel is towed to sea
in a horizontal position and
then Tipped into a vertical
position by flooding its aft
section with sea water. Only
its four-story bow section
then remains above water.
To return the vessel to q hor-
izontal position, high-pres-
sure air blows the water out.
Ballast tanks and about 10
tons Of concrete placed along
the horizontal permit the
craft to flip right side up.
Accommodates Four
The vessel weighs about 900
tons. In the vertical posi-
tion research laboratories,
living quarters and engine
room are above water. Two
generators supply electric
power. Two watertight cy-
lindrical tubes permit the
crew-to-be to descend $50
feet below the water sur
face.
There are accommodations
for four persons and supplies
can be carried for one to two
weeks. Personnel are aboard
only when the ship is in a
vertical operating position.
All the electronic equipment
is housed in the research
laboratory which h contains
display, recording and proc
essing equipment. Hydro
phones are located at several
positions on the vessel for
listening to sounds trans
mitted from sources lowered
from the craft.
An unusual feature of the
vessel is that personnel in
the research laboratory can
maintain visual radio and
radar contact with surface
ships at the same time they
are measuring sound waves
in the ocean.
. o D
Fletcher's Ice Island, a
Evening star., 1962-05-09

ban talks first began ga years
ago.
The Soviet Union was hith-
erto regarded as sharing the
American and British view that
the French nuclear tests are Of
relatively minor Importance,
and could be taken care Of by
subsequent French accession to
q treaty negotiated By the three
main nuclear powers.
The new position presumably
means that all further test ban
negotiations are doomed unless
President de Gaulleis govern
ment can be persuaded to join
the three-nation talks. Gen.
de Gaulle maintains that q nu-
clear test ban is useless-and
unfair to France - without q
simultaneous ban on the manu-
facture and stockpiling Of nu-
clear weapons and delivery
vehicles.
Mr.. Zorin's statement fol-
lowed Immediately after ina
pasSioned appeals by Luis
Padilla Nervo Of Mexico and
Arthur Lau Of India for urgent
steps to end testing.
Evening star., 1962-05-09

have been seized and de-
stroyed. This measure was an
effort to cut down on MoSlem
casualties from BOBBY trapped
vehicles. Sixty-two MoSlems
were killed last week when a
booby-trapped car exploded on
the Algiers docks.
In Paris, the French cabinet
said judicial machinery will be
speeded up to bring terroristS
to trial more rapidly.
At the same time the cabinet
announced a change in the mil
itary command at Oran, an
other Secret Army stronghold.
Gen. Philippe Ginestet viii
replace Gen. Emile Cantarel.
Authorities sealed off a new
segment of Algiers to search
for Secret Army members, arms
and explosives. Similar searches
have been conducted in half a
dozen sections of AlgierS during
the past week without any ap-
parent effect on terrorist &C.
tivities.
Two Europeans were wounded
Evening star., 1962-05-09

Mr.. Zorin referred to the re-
cent French underground test
in the Sahara and declared:
There Is another power nov
testing nuclear weapons. This
power is refusing to take part
in the negotiations and has
never said it would adhere to
q nuclear test ban treaty.
The Soviet Union viii. not
sign any treaty on banning nu-
clear tests unless France Is q
party to It,"
France has never taken part
in the test ban talks. and has
boycotted the disarmament
conference since it opened
March IA.
The United States detected
the French nuclear test before
Paris announced it and Mr..
Zorin used this to support the
Soviet position that no inter-
national control system is nec-
essary to police q test ban.
The fact that the test was
picked up by the United States
bears out our assertion that
all tests can be detected by ma
tional detection systems" Mr..
Zorin declared.
The test ban negotiations are
deadlocked by the Soviet re-
fuSal to discuss any interna-
tional control arrangements
allowing for compulsory inspec-
ton Of suspicious earth tremors.
The United States and Britain
refuse to accept a test ban
without such a control system.
Mr.. Zorin's demand for
French participation was a re-
versal Of the position held by
the Soviet Union since the test
Evening star., 1962-05-09

dOWAA 0CGACt 64AA4Ay tCANOA AoAAA
pean youths and the syStemati,
were announced by the French
A spokesman for French
Fouchet outlined the measure:
least nine MoslemS killed in
pistol and machine gun attacks
by early afternoon.
The new measures are an ex-
tension Of methods attempted
in the past few weeks that
failed to halt the terrorist at
tackS.
The spokesman said, how
ever, that the number of mobile
gendarmes on duty will be mas
SiVely reinforced, and sections
of the city where the attacks
are worst will be systemati-
caliy sealed off. Troops and
riot police will enforce a total
curfew in such areas.
Europeans from 1S to rs
years of age will be put under
close watch, he added, and
pedestrians will be methodi-
cally searched.
The spokesman said nine
Europeans suspected of ter
roriSt activity were expelled to-
day. and more expulsions will
follow.
He said 160 cars Illegally
parked near MoSlem quarters
Evening star., 1962-05-09

today when three Moslems at
tackled them. Some reports said
the Europeans had blocked the
MoSlems' attempt to kidnar
another European. Several
Europeans have been spirited
away in recent days by Mos
lens, apparently in reprisal for
the continuing European terror.
One Of the Moslems slain to-
day was a 29-year-old woman,
shot in the Bah el Oued quarter,
q Secret Army stronghold.
Terrorists killed 43 persons
in the territory yesterday, in
cluding 36 in Algiers and six
in Oran. Twenty-seven per-
sons were wounded. Most Of the
victims were Moslems.
Evening star., 1962-05-09
500 Miles Without
Curve in Highway

PAINESvLLE, Ohio.-A mo-
torist can travel almost 500
miles-between Painesville and
BoSton-without encountering
a traffic light, a sharp curve,
or q steep grade.
He can do this by using the
New York State Thruway and
the Massachusetts, Turnpike.
Evening star., 1962-05-09
SOViets Insist
France Share.
In Test Treaty

GENEVA. May Q CAP).-The
Soviet Union declared today it
win never sign any nucleaF test
ban treaty without France.
>Soviet Deputy Foreign Min
lister Valerian Zorin an
nounced the new Soviet posi-
ton at q session Of the IL
nation disarmament conference
discussing the test ban nego-
tiations of the United States,
Britain and the Soviet Union.
Evening star., 1962-05-09
DESKS, DESKS, DESKS, DESKS

(STNES FOR HOWE AND oFFlcE)
From our impressive selection of
desks: this one in beautifully
matched American Wolnut 3ox60',
with filiereed mosonite nodesty
panel, only $lll.e5. Walnut double
pencil drower. $l7.e5. You can as
Evening star., 1962-05-09

semble oImost any kind of desk you
won't from our extraordinary choice
of ports, from 36'x72" executive
models to l9"x4s" writing desks for
the home. All in beautifully croined
real wolnut, fine-sonded and reody-
tool. Open weekday evenings till 8.
Evening star., 1962-05-09
French in Algeria Act
ToCut Down Terrorism

Drastic new measures TO cut
including surveillance Of Euro
sealing of sections Of Algiers-
today.
High Commissioner Christian
as terrorists took 9 toll of at
Evening star., 1962-04-05

Compare the superb
comfort of these Gold
Bond Cushioned Ok
fords! Leather covered
cushion insoles are per-
forated to let your feet
breathe" like "walk.
ing on a cloud"