davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-14

North Western Railway may abol-
ish telegraphers' jobs after giving
the union 80 days notice. The
ruling is binding.
While only one railroad is d.
rectly affected. the ruling could
set a pattern for the solution OF
similar disputes between the Order
of Railroad Telegraphers and
more than two dozen other roads.
Beyond this, it is another in a
growing pattern Of decisions by
neutral experts - arbitrators,
mediators and finders which
say, in effect, that chronological
progress must not be halted by
freezing jobs and that affected
workers should be aided by en-
ployers to cushion their losses.
The big test Of this pattern Is
on the line in the battle between
the Nations railroads and the big
unions of operating employees. A
presidential commission has rec
commended the gradual elimina-
ton of 10000 jobs, most Of which
are now held by diesel firemen,
and that these men be given sep
aration allowances and retraintng
rights. The roads have accepted
the recommendations, but the
unions are bittery opposed.
Whether Government, public
and management pressure will
succeed in overcoming union OPP
position remains to be seen.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-14
Politics.:
High Gear

President Kennedy and former
President Eisenhower grabbed
the spotlight last week as the
fall election campaign stepped
into high gear.
President Kennedy already has
done more campaigning in an off
year election than any Chief
executive in American history.
He has been to nearly every
section of the country in the last
month or so. He has concentrated,
however, on the areas where
Democratic candidates in key
States need particular help. He
plans, moreover. to enjoy the
stimulating experience OF the
stump in every remaining week
end before the voting on Novem-
Der 6.
At the same time, two former
Presidents have been highly &C
tive, too. in behalf Of their
parties.
Dwight D. Eisenhower, eschew-
ing the opportunity to belt the
administration in the vulnerable
foreign affairs area, got in some
good ticks on domestic issues. And
Harry S. Truman, while not draw
ing the press attention that his
White House successor did, was
giving 'em (the Republicans
hell" in his patented style.
For Mr.. Kennedy, it was a week
of feverish. motion to cover a
crowded speech making schedule
Pittsburgh, Newark. N. j., New
York City. Indianapolis and Louis
vile were included.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-14
Changes Due

When the fighting was over this
year, administration leaders were
privately and publicly acknowledge
ing that the program has not
been organized and administered
in the best way and that some
criticism Of it was justifie d.
Changes may be forthcoming.
On series Of other measures.
such as the omnibus tax revision
and, farm bills. the President got
only q piece Of what he wanted.
1t was on domestic welfare leg
iSlation, however, that Mr.. Ken
nedy received his stiffest and most
Disappointing rebuffs. Aside from
the housing bill. which was a clear
victory for him. instituting as it
did a new moderate-income pro-
gram, and the new $1.25-an-hour
minimum wage measure, he Jared
badly.
Congress was willing to listen
to Mr.. Kennedy and the political
realities echoing from back home
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-14
Labor:
Feutherbed

A Presidential arbitrator last
week ruled that the Chicago
g. North Western Railway could
abolish teIegraphers' jobs with
80 days notice to the union.
There has been for some time
a consensus among Government,
industry and labor that automa-
ton will be-if it isn't now-one
of the major domestic problems
of the Sixties.
Already the new chronological
revolution is being held RESPONSE
BILE in large part for the pockets
of unemployment that dot various
sections of the country.
But while there has been agree
ment that a growing profile m
exists, there has been a sharp diff
ference of opinion between indus
try and labor on how to meet it.
Industry has been fighting
against "featherbedding -unnec-
essary jobs demanded by certain
unions-and insisting that 1t have
more 'flexibility in management
controls. The unions, on the other
hand, have resisted the elimination
of these "non-work" jobs, assert
ing that such a move would
threaten the security of all their
members,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-14
G. o. Criticism

Later, at Denver, he said he was
terribly tired" of hearing the $50
called brilliant" young men Of the
New Frontier running down Ameri-
ca and of hearing their brassy
and boastful words and watching
their bumbling actions"
Mr.. Kenndy has several specific
aims in his campaigning for more
(progressive) Democrats. He Is
especially interested in denying
the power base of the governor
ship of Pennsylvania to the Re-
pubncans. The Governor has more
than $4,000 patronage jobs at his
disposal. This could help swing
the State and its large bloc of
electoral votes from the Demo-
cratic column in 1864 when Mr..
Kennedy seeks reelection, If the
G. o. P. wins.
He also wants to do all he can
to keep New York Gov. Nelson
Rockefeller's notwithstanding
that he will not be beaten-below
the Governors 573,000 margin over
Averell Hartman in 1858.
If Mr.. Kennedy fails in this
endeavor-and he was in New
York City on Columbus Day trying
to build up Robert Morgenthau,
Mr.. Rockefeller's opponent-the
Governor could nail down the Re-
publican presidential nomination
and give the President a good run
for the White House in 1864.
The President also would like to
see another possible threat to
Democratic control of the White
House eliminated this fall. This
would be former Vice President
Nixon, who is locked in a bitter
struggle with incumbent Edmund
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-14
Hopes Dimmed

Then came two developments
which cloud the picture and dim
the hopes for unbroken peace at
Ole Miss.
On Tuesday, Mr.. Meredith dis
carded the role of a quiet, knowl-
edge-seeking student and dropped
a bomb" in the lap of the Army
which has been protecting him.
Early that morning, he told q
Justice Department information
officer that he wanted to issue a
statement to the press. This he
did. In it he charged that the
Army in the oxford area had been
"resegregated" and that Negro SOL
diers had been "purged from their
ranks" and given such mental
duties as garbage collecting.
Army Secretary Vance, in q
statement that was challenged in
part by newsmen who had been
on the scene, declared that dur
ing the difficult period when troops
were first employed in the Oxford
area Negro soldiers were not used
on patrols in order to avoid I'M
necessary incidents"
He added that on October 6,
when the situation stabilized,
orders were issued that Negro
military personnel would be used
in the performance of all normal
functions in the units in all opera
tons"
The actual situation. according
to news reports from oxford. was
this:
Negro soldiers. fully armed. were
used on patrol at the outset of
the disturbances. Their presence
Continued From Page CT
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-14
Some He Lost

But it said mo" on a series of
major new welfare items, which
the President had promised in his
election campaign and for which
he fought hard from his White
House command post.
Thus, Federal aid to education
was rejected by the House, largely
because of the private-parochial
school conflict. The Senate
turned down medical aid to the
aged under social security and the
House disapproved the plan to
create a cabinet-level Urban At
fairs Department. The Presidents
mass transit program and his re-
quest for standby powers to cut
taxes should a recession threaten
also foundered.
Why didn't Mr.. Kennedy have
better luck with the 87th? Many
reasons have been offered.
o He inundated Congress with
requests land messages, some OF
WHICH WSIC CI1b1CAACd VA O4AC 1AAAA
or poorly organized, and he pinned
the absolutely vital" tag on too
many of them.
Q The administrations haison
with Democratic leaders in Con-
gress on occasion left much to be
desired, causing the lawmakers, at
times, to be miffed.
Q There was no great demand
from the generally contented folks
back home for the defeated well
fare programs.
Q The conservative coalition OF
Republicans and Southern Demo-
Gratis in the House, bitterly OPP
posed to greater Federal spending
and Federal "encroachments" into
new areas of control, was often
too formidable to overcome. The
fact that Southern Democrats
also hold the craftsmanship of sew
eral potent Senate committees did
not help, either.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-14
Berlin Priority

Officials say Soviet sGrategists
may intensity the Berlin and
Cuban situations at the same
time, hoping the United States
will be forced by public sentiment
to concentrate on Cuba. The adj
ministration insists, however, that
Berlin is still the top priority.
To deter Mr.. Khrushchev from
taking such a step. the admin
istration has been putting out
warnings to the Soviet leader.
Diplomats have been working in
the Allied capitals to arouse the
same concern there.
Bonn, Paris and London, how
ever, do not anticipate an early
crisis over Berlin or Cuba. Lately,
there has been a certain amount
of confusion resulting from Berlin
Mayor Willy Brandt's visit here
10 days ago.
Mr.. Kennedy told Mr.. Brandt
that he would welcome some
German initiative in the continual
diplomatic probes with the Rus
slams, and this was interpreted
by some Socialists as support for
their party against Chancellor
Adenauer's Christian Democrats.
Mr.. Adenauer has been against
any Allied diplomatic initiative,
if it means any sort Of concession
to the East German government.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-14
Ole Miss:
Setbucks

Negro student James Meredith
charged on Tuesday that Army
units in the Oxford, Miss, area
had been "resegregated." Army
Secretary Vance denied it.
After the violence and blood
shed on the night of September
30-October / and the second
thoughts of many residents of Ok
ford and students at Ole Miss,
the indignation of James H. Mere
dith, while still bittery resented,
was being gradually, if reluctantly.
accepted as a fact of life.
The town and university were
becoming quiet again, although
Federal marshals and Army troops
were still to be seen in imposing
numbers. There were a few Incl
dents, such as the tossing of a
rock through a window Of the
university cafeteria at a time Mr..
Meredith was eating there.
But there was growing hope that
things were returning to normal.
Many of the $4,000 Army troops
were withdrawn; so were all but
a score or so of the more than
500 Federal marshals. Mississippi
moderates began to speak up more
frequently.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-14
THE FOREIGN SCENE
Cubon Policy Critics
Forcing the Issue

High administration officials
indicated last week that despite
American anger over Cuba, Ber-
lin remains this cOuntry's major
international concern. They
warned that Soviet miscaIcuIa-
ton in Berlin could lead to a
nuclear war.
Premier KhruShchev once de-
scribed West Berlin as a painful
bone in his throat; thus, his de-
termination to force the allies out.
Many Americans, including some
members Of Congress, feel the
same way about Cuba.
Just 80 miles from Florida,
Cuba infuriates American pride.
Thousands of Russian techni-
clans, the construction of anti
aircraft rockets, and the belliger-
ent tone of Cuban statements have
all tended to infuriate many
Americans.
The Kennedy administration has
said many times that Cuba poses
no threat to the United States.
Indeed, United States Navy planes
patrol Cuban waters daily, keeping
a close watch on military develop
ments in the island. So far, all
installations there are reported to
be defensive.
Despit this reinsurance, the
cry cor lnues to "do something
about G1ba." The American Le-
gion on Friday called for an
armed invasion Of Cuba. With
elections less than a month away,
politicians, mostly from the Re-
publican side, have seized upon
Cuba as an emotional political
issue.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-14
18th Congress: Bills Enacted

The following is a list of the major legislation the 87th
Congress enacted in its years on the scene
Aid to depressed 1894 million for battling pockets
of chronic unemployment the United States.
Minimum Wage-Rased the national minimum rate from
an and extended coVerage 10 so mhon
workers.
Social minimum benefits for retired workers
from S33 to $40 permitted men as well as women TO
Get benefits on reduced raised widows benefits
Peace CousEstabished corps volunteer workers to labor
and train others in underdeveloped countries
Alliance for $500 million to get the Pre
dents special Latin American program OIL the ground
n C. yote-Set up machinery permit District residents to
participate in presidential elections
Housrp Provided for cost nearly 50
billion continuing expanding old programs and establishing
a new for moderate Income housing.
Tax ReysOn-The first revision eight this
incentive tax credit TO spur investment
in new plant raised levies individual and corpo
rate earnings regulations for business
deductions.
Trade The Trade Expansion Act Of gave President
unprecedented authority reduce substantially many tariffs
and to eliminate altogether also provided for
import duties.
regulated space communications system for telephone
television purposes
Postal Rate-Inceased to postage for fstcaSs mail
cents for airmail, and to 4 cent for postcards
Drug Conro-Set tighter controls and dbu
requiring information to Side-eects on LABEL
Foreign Abducted $50 billion of years Dropped
Poland and Yugosava from INSTRUMENTATION
category.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-14
THE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
The 18th: Checkered Record

The 87th Congress staggered
to adjournment yesterday after
the longest continuous peace
time session since 1949.
When the 87th Congress con-
vened for its first session on jan
uary 8, 1861, 1t marked the first
time that the national legislative
body and the White House were
controlled by the same party since
the 83d Congress adjourned on
December 2, 1854.
President Eisenhower used to
decry, in his last six years in the
White House, the fact that the
Government was split and that
it was therefore, difficult to carry
on the Nations business effective
ly. Still, the people gave this Re-
publican chief three straight DEM
ocratic congresses.
President Kennedy came to the
White House on January 20, 1861
with high legislative hopes. He
had resounding Democratic ma
jorities in both the Senate (65 to
$50 and the House 1852 to 174).
Although Mr.. Kennedy had
squeaked through in the presiden-
tial race against Republican Vice
President Nixon, the new COM
mander-in- chief and his subordi-
nate generals of the New From
tier appeared, statistically, at
least, to have golden oppor-
tunity,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-14

and lose sight of the greater
threat to the peace in Berlin.
The administration does not
want to become overly involved
in Cuba now, since this might
disrupt NATO unity at bad time.
This is known to the Russians,
and observers believe Moscow may
keep up its provocative behavior
in Cuba, if only to harass the
United States.
Certainly, the Soviet announce
ment last month of the fishing
port to be built in Cuba was
meant to irritate American public
opinion and weaken the hand of
the administration. Some observers
think Mr.. Khrushchev may be
equating Cuba and Berlin, looking
for some sort of deal, such as
trading Cuba for Berlin. Such a
deal, however, has been ruled abb
solutely out of the question by
American officials.
A more dangerous. possibility,
however, is that Mr.. Khru-
shchev, not willing to go to war
over Cuba, may think the United
States also would not fight over
Berlin. To prevent this miscalcu-
lation, several top American Off
Gals, from Secretary of Defense
Mcnamara to Attorney General
Kennedy, have warned that nu-
clear war would be the result OF
an attack on Berlin.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-14

terday, he called for the election
of progressive" Democrats who
would support his welfare bills in
the new Congress.
He warned that If the voters
failed to do this the new Congress
would "be in the control Of a
dominant Republican-c conservative
Democratic coalition that will de-
feat progress"
Mr.. Kennedy has been down.
grading the Eisenhower record re-
peatedly and last week the former
President replied sardonically in a
speech at Boise, Idaho.
IT am sick and tired of people
telling the American people they
did nothing for eight years"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-14
Asia: War
Of the Giants

A sharp clash was reported
last week in the disputed Dor
der area between India and
China.
In less than a month, the long
Himalayan winter will begin. All
along midas far north, snow
and ice will make most of the area
inaccessible until next April.
1t is here, in this barren noun
famous area, that the two giants
of Asia-India and China-have
been waging bitter war Of words
for more than three years, pune
tuated by an ver-increasing use
of force.
Basically, the Chinese h ave
claimed $4,000 square miles OF ter
Continued on Page CO
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-14
Key Decision

It was also a week in which the
President made key decision. He
attacked on the political stump
for the first time conservative
members of his own party in Con-
gress-these would be Southern
Democrats for the most part. With
Congress then ready to adjourn,
he apparently felt he had little to
risk at this point and something
to gain UP North.
In q speech at Pittsburgh yes
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-14
Bright Spot

The bright spot for the Presi-
dent was, Of course, passage of the
Trade Expansion Act Of 1862. This
measure gave him wider powers
than any President has had for
cutting tariffs and promoting
freer trade. Even here, however,
the original bill was diluted some
what by perhaps necessary COM
promises with the protectionists.
Historians may very well agree
with Mr.. Kennedy that this is the
most memorable piece of legisla-
ton approved by the 87th. The
fabulous success Of the European
Common Market undoubtedly con-
WINGED many lawmakers that the
United States must liberalize it's
trade practices to live in this high
ly competitive world.
There was one element in the
trade bill which caused the adj
ministration and some Republic
cans pain. The House, demon
strating that it, too, has a voice
in foreign policy. insisted against
the Presidents wishes that Com
munist Poland and Yugoslavia be
dropped from the most-favored
nation category for the first time
since the end of the war.
This will hurt Yugoslavia, par
ticularly. Its exports of zinc to
the United States are expected to
suffer.
Congress also backed the Presi-
dent rather strongly on three other
innovations he recommended. 1t
established the Peace Corps to aid
underdeveloped countries, provided
funds for the Alliance for Progress
(aid to Latin America) and ap-
proved q communications satellite
bill which guarantees private en-
terprise q role in the peaceful uses
Of space.
As to foreign aid, always a con-
troversial matter. Congress served
notice that 1t was getting tough
er and tougher. It cut presiden-
tial requests heavily, voting APP
proximately $50 billion each of
the two years, not unsubStantial
amounts.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-14
In the Middle

The Government has been rath-
er in the middle. In the last
couple years it has come round to
the idea that "featherbedding"
must be eliminated and techno-
logical advancement abetted but
that, in the process, protection
must be accorded the affected
workers - retraining, early PEN
sions and the like have been sug-
gested,
Last Tuesday, new ground may
have been broken in the struggle
to find ways of solving the prob
lem of progress and protection"
In an action which may have
a far-reaching. pebble = in the
pond effect. presidential arbi-
traitor ruled that the Chicago &
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-14
Schroeder Here

To clear up any misunderstand-
ing, German Foreign Minister
Gerhard Schroeder arrived in
Washington last night. and Chan
cellor Adenauer is due on No
vember 7. Mr.. Adenauer seems
to follow harder" line on Berlin
than does Mr.. Schroeder.
Mr.. Khrushchev has put off any
action on the German peace
treaty until after the American
elections" Since the elections are
on November 6, Mr.. Adenauer's
visit may fall at a very crucial
time in East-West relations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-14
Final Drive

But things do not always turn
out as a look backward over the
two years of the 87th, which had
tedious. frustrating, even en-
barrassing, month-long drive" to
adjournment, will show.
It was largely Democrat-vs.-
Democrat in squabbles over such
things as peanuts and private
pension plans and which chamber
should originate money bills that
presented a picture Of Intellectual
lawmakers as the President hit the
campaign trail In the last few
weeks to stump for the election of
more Democrats to the House and
Senate.
The 87th adjourned late yes
terday afternoon, but many Of
its members in both Houses lad
journed" days before that, partic-
ularly those who are standing for
reelection on November 6, scarce
ly more than three weeks hence.
At the end, it was a struggle to
obtain a quorum in both the
: House and Senate. In fact, the
House had to recess Friday be-
cause it failed to do so. kilograms
brought a sufficient number Of
members back yesterday.
Now that the record has been
written. the pundits and party
propagandistS are evaluating it.
The popular yardstick used is the
one which compares what the
President asked and what he ac-
tually received.
The consensus appears to be
that a quite independent Congress
gave Mr.. Kennedy considerably
less than he asked and expected.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-14

on such emergency aid legislation
as funds for areas Of chronic I'M
employment, higher social security
benefits, aid to dependent children
and temporary unemployment
payments.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-14

(Pat) Brown for the governorship
of the pivotal State of California.
The race is considered a toss-up.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-14

Books, C-5-Hobbies, CO
C-7-l0-Music and Art, Gil
Schools, c-l2-Rodio, C-l2
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-01

A4lI4HZ
Afternoon, Cont.
2:3o @ AWARD THEATER.
Drama. "Birthright" Eli WaIIach stars
q MEET THE PROFESSOR.
Public Affairs Guests are professors:
Sanford Dornbusch SOCIOLOGY. Stanford
University; Houston Smith PHILOSOPHY,
N. |. IT,; Ethel AIpenfeIs tanthropoIoy.
N. Y. w.. and Perley r. Aver tsociaI
change, Bera colIeee) Final show of
the season.
300 g THE CHEATERS.
Drama. John Ireland stars
a THE BIG PICTURE.
History "Patterns of History" docu-
mentary on limited war and the problems
It involves.
q BASEBALL Cont.
800 @ FOUR JUST MEN.
Crime. Dan Daley stars
q ABC NEWS SPECIAL.
Public Affairs. coverage Of President
and Mrs. Kennedys visit to Mexico. ABC
News correspondents are Bill Lawrence
and Paul Good.
3:55 @ DOCTOR REPORTS.
Talk. Or. James Watt Subject: Vene-
real Disease"
400 q DIMENSION FOUR.
Public Affairs. Guest: District En-
elneer Commissioner Gen. Frederick
Clarke.
Cd METROPOLITAN MOVIE.
Iva Hours "The Window" lo4o
Bobby DriscoIl. Arthur Kennedy, Barbara
Hale
q ISSUES AND ANSWERS.
Public Affairs. Guest: viii Wilson, At
torney General Of Texas land the Ma
tons ton authority on the pilIv col