davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-10-01
KENNEDY
Continued From Page Al

Continued From Page Al
the vigil with the Chief Execu-
tive. .....
The President did not get to
bed until about $50 am. today
and was up again at 8:45 am,
White House Press Pierre Sal
niger told reporters.
Working with the President
in his office and keeping in
touch with events in Missis-
sippi until $50 am. were his
brother, Attorney General Rob
ert F. Kennedy, and White
House aides P. Kenneth ODon-
nell, Theodore C. Sorensenr
Lawrence F. O'Brien and An
drew T. Hatcher, associate
press secretary.
The President had put off
his address for 21a hours, from
I7:30 pm. to 10 pm. (EDT). In
the interval, United States
marshals had installed Mr.
Meredith on the Ole Miss
campus, and Gov. Ross Bar
nett had acknowledged I'VE are
physically overpowered."
Mr.. Kennedy avoided any
dressing down of Gov. Barnett
by name. And, as he spoke
the students at the university
were ignoring the Governors
appeal to void violence.
Evening star., 1962-10-01
MARsHALS ROLE BLASTED
Southern congressman Call for Probe

sippi delegation in Congress
have representatives of the
Judiciary Committee go to
Mississippi to investigate.
In the House, all Of the
States six House members ex-
cept Representative Smith is
sued antoher manifesto. They
declared that their previous
warning to President Kennedy
against attempting to register
Mr.. Meredith as a student was
prophetic because tension has
built to the point of a holo-
caust."
"All this happened because
Federal authority insisted on
pressing for the registration
of one individual at Ole Miss,
although it is we'll known that
he has no genuine desire to
obtain the benefits of learning
available there" they stated.
Several other Southern men,
bers indorsed the Mississippi
delegations statement. Repre-
sentative Rivers, Democrat of
South Carolina, asserted thts
Mississippi lies PROSTATE to
meet demands by Field Mar
shall Martin Luther King"
Evening star., 1962-10-01
$4,000 Winner
At Dice Shot
By Poor Loser

A Southeast Washington
man has learned Just how dam
gerous a poor loser can be.
The winner" Robert E. An
derson, %, of 4004 E street,
Sc, told police he was shot in
the legs and robbed of $4,000
by one of the players in a dice
game at a home in the 4400
block of Ninth street NV. last
Monday.
Mr.. Anderson said the Incl
dent occurred as he was leav-
ing the game with his win
nings.
He said another player
asked him for $500 and then
added: Il hate to do this to
you, but give me the money"
Mr.. Anderson did not reply,
but continued walking and was
shot in the legs by the other
man who then robbed him of
the money.
Capt. Murray Kutner, COM
mander of the robbery squad,
said police have arrested a 23-
year-old man and will take his
case directly to the grand jury
because the holdup suspect is
presently on bond in connec-
ton with a narcotics case. y
Evening star., 1962-10-01

NEW YORK (AP).-Paul
Guihard, 30, the newsman who
was killed last night at the
University of Mississippi
worked in the New York bu-
reau of Agence France Presse
He also was a part time cor
respondent for the London
Daily Sketch.
President Kennedy expressed
today THE shock of the Amer
lean people" at the Staying.
The President sent a tele-
gram of coincidence to Jean
Marin, president and director
general of Agence France
Presse in Paris, which en-
ployed Mr.. Guihard.
Mr.. Kennedy told Marin:
Il want to express to you the
shock of the American people
on the death Of your corre-
spondent, Paul Guihard. last
night in oxford, Miss.
1.-The American people, 1 am
Evening star., 1962-10-01

States marshals handled the
situation.
In placing the blame on the
Judges of the appellate court
who ruled on the Meredith case,
Senator Eastland declared that
Chief Judge Ebert P. Tuttle
"aspires to be a Supreme Court
Justice. He has become Gov
ernment Judge, and that court
is largely responsible"
In the statement they sent
Senator Eastland, the trustees
said the Department of Justice
asked university officials yes
terday to warn students not to
assemble or demonstrate with a
threat of expulsion if they did.
The university officials ad-
vised the Senator that they felt
threats were not the way to
handle the matter. They out
lined a plan whereby on Sunday
night a special edition Of the
MisSissippian, the campus news
paper, would be distributed
early Monday morning. They
said they were preparing such
a paper with appeals in it from
various officials when they
were informed that Mr.. Mere
Evening star., 1962-10-01
CONGRESS
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Continued From Page Al
billion, which the House chop
ped down to $3.6 billion. The
Senate committee restore d
about two-thirds of this cut
but a coalition Of conservative
Democrats and Republicans will
try to trim 1t closer to the
House figure.
Another bill which could de-
lay adjournment is an omnibus
$2.2 billion authorization for
flood control, river and harbor
projects, which is still tied up
in the House Public Works
Committee.
Closely related to this meas
ure is the public works appro-
priation bill, which passed the
Senate today ahead of foreign
aid. Most of this money is fol
water projects authorized In
past years.
The House is expected to act
early this week on the postaI
rate increase bill, to which the
Senate attached pay increases
for Federal employees. The
House must decide whether tc
accept it as it stands, or seek
a conference with the Senate
Two New Frontier measure:
which seem likely to die are
the bills to create job oppor-
tunities for young people leav-
ing school, and to help cities
provide mass transportation.
Evening star., 1962-10-01
Court UphoIds
Conviction of
Fake Lawyer

The United States Court of
Appeals today upheld the con-
viction of Daniel Jackson Oil
yer Wendell Holmes Morgan,
who received a three-to-10-
year prison sentence for imper-
sonating a lawyer.
The 51-year-old ex-eonyict
asked the Appellate Court to
reverse the District Court
mainly on the grounds that the
sentence was "disproportion-
ately harsh in relation to the
essential nature Of the Of
Tense"
Morgan also argued that he
was incompetent to act as his
own chief counsel. Although he
hired a lawyer, Morgan led his
own defense during the trial.
He was convicted last No
vember on 13 counts of an in
dictment and faced a maxi
mum sentence of 110 years in
prison..
For a period of 18 months,
Morgan impersonated a real
lawyer, Lawrence Archie Har-
ris, formerly of Washington,
now living in Sacramento,
Calf.
Evening star., 1962-10-01
Newsmon Killed in Riot
Worked on His Day Off

sure, as well as the law-abid-
ing citizens in the State Of
Mississippi, share my sorrow
that this could have happened
in our country.
II hope you will convey my
condolences to his family"
Mr.. Guihard, normally a
desk editor, had been assigned
to the integration story on his
day off because his office was
shorthanded.
He arrived in Mississippi yes
terdsy, filed his first story
from Jackson, then proceeded
to oxford.
Born in London of a French
father and British mother, Mr..
Guihard had worked for the
French news agency for 10
years. He came here two years
ago for a four-year assignment.
He was a bachelor.
A novice playwright, he was
Evening star., 1962-10-01

dith would be brought to the
campus last night.
Time Not Appropriate
They said they advised the
Justice Department this might
not be an appropriate time "aS
the students were returning
from their homes in large num-
bers at that time and that we
have not yet had time to put
into effect the appeal to STU
dents which was planned fol-
late Sunday and early Monday
morning. The university was
informed that Mr.. Meredith
was coming anyway"
After describing the arrivaI
of Mr.. Meredith and the mar
shals, who surrounded the
administration building, the
report from the university
official continued:
LAS a natural consequence
students gathered in front o1
the Lyceum building to SCI
what was going on. Before Ions
you could hear the mchiding
giving college yells and, o.
course, occasional jeering. Some
of the mwere reported to have
flicked their cigarettes in the
Evening star., 1962-10-01
KENNEDY JOINS LIST
Washington Was First
ToCoII Federal 7 roops

President Kennedy's use of
troops in Mississippi is the
latest In a long series Of such
actions dating all the way back
to George Washington.
Washington used Federal
troops in 1894 to put down the
Whisky Rebellion. in which
farmers in Western Pennsyl-
vania objected to a liquor tax.
In 1899, President John Ad-
ans used troops in Eastern
Pennsylvania against rebellious
citizens who refused to pay
Federal taxes. John Fries was
arrested, and after several
trials, was pardoned by the
President.
Slave Act Riot
In 1888, President Andrew
Jackson threatened use OF
troops when South Carolina
"nullified" Federal tariffs.
South Carolina backed down,
and the notification statute
was rescinded.
Evening star., 1962-10-01
Polio Advisers
Called by Terry
By the Associated Press

Surgeon General Luther L.
Terry announced today he has
called his special advisory
committee on oral polio vac
cines to meet tomorrow. !
United States Public Health
Service Spokesmen said they
know of no particular reason
for the meeting other than for
the advisers to consider any
additional information that has
become available since they
met on September is, and to
take another look at the gen.
eral situation.
Tomorrow's meeting will be
the fourth for the group set
up by DR.. Terry to evaluate the
Nations experience with oral
polio vaccines and to make
recommendations.
Evening star., 1962-10-01

ed from the four -motored
plane and went to a telephone
with Mr.. McShane clutching a
fistful of dimes.
Soon seven Army trucks drove
up. The marshals, numbering
about 10 lined up near the
tracks in straggly military
fashion. They stood and waited.
A little later an Air Force
| Jet swooped down and dis
gorged Mr.. Katzenbach and
other Justice Department Off
cials.
After more telephoning and
comforting the officials and
marshals climbed into troop
carriers and three sedans and
took off from the airport.
Midway to the highway they
met a Mississippi highway pa
troll car carrying Col. T. B
Birdsong, State safety commits
sioner, and University Chancel-
lor j. D. williams. Another con-
ference followed and then the
caravan moved off.
BY this time hundreds had
gathered at the airport anc
lined the road leading intc
town.
Much to everyone's surprise
! the caravan turned abruptly
into one of the university gates
without opposition from the
State police guards. Within a
few minutes the empty troop
carriers came out another gate
and headed back to the airport,
The marshals quickly sur
rounded the administration
building, and three hours later
Mr.. Meredith was brought to
oxford He landed in a small
plane at the airport accom-
panied by John Doar of the
Justice Department and a mar
shall and was taken without in
cident through q gathering
throng along the road to the
university.
Reporters, not allowed in,
watched from the entrance sew
eral blocks away. They could
hear yells and cheers occa-
sionally and got frequent re-
ports from students who came
and went.
AS dusk came the mood OF
the crowd within the university
grounds and outside began to
change. At the airport Mr.. Nc
Shane was asked by a young
woman in torreador pants for
an autograph for her son.
A few hours later a mob
first of students and then OF
students and outsiders, was
crying for his blood.
Yoders Attacked
About dark reporters sud-
denly were allowed inside the
grounds. Television Gamer
man Gordon Yoder Of Dallas
and his wife, a native Of
jackson, Miss, were the firs1
to reach the university circle
Mr.. Yoder left his car tt
make pictures ami was set up
AS State police stood by III
went back tG his car, where botf
Evening star., 1962-10-01

frightening fashion as dark
ness came.
In a short while Mississippi
State police, several hundred
strong were withdrawn from
the immediate fighting area
and then moved off the
campus.
This left the marshals and
a small contingent of Army
engineers, sent here as a house.
keeping unit for the marshals,
to hold off the repeated at
tacks.
With State police gone the
entrances to the university
campus were left wide open and
anyone who wished could walk
down the darkened streets to-
ward the administration build
ing. The building was often
bathed in drifting smoke from
the bombs that had been set
off.
AS Unexpectedly as the Statt
police roadblocks were calleC
off. they we're restored foul
hours and As minutes later just
as the Regular Army forces
began appearing on the cam
pus.
This blocked off the univer
sity grounds from groups o
men who seemed to be heading
there in increasing numbers
Quiet Week End
The nights wild disorder,
came after an ominously quiet
week end here marked only BY
a few hijinks over Ole MISS
football victory over Kentucky
Saturday night in Jackson
the State capital.
Tensions began building up
when reports filtered through
the town that some move could
be expected soon to bring the
Negro student here for regis
trations.
Rumors flew thick and fast
and the tension grew as word
came that President Kennedy
had taken control Of the Mis-
sissippi National Guard. An
cry mutterings were heard then
and later about this action.
The State police, which had
disappeared from oxford late
Friday. returned in force early
Sunday. They sealed off the
campus and would permit nc
one except students and those
living on the campus. News
papermen who had been given
press quarters in the admins
tration building were denied
admittance.
Engineers Arrived
Early in the morning the
engineers had arrived at Gra-
ham Lake. Is miles from Ok
ford, and set up a housekeep-
ing camp for the marshals.
At 2 pm, amidst all sorts
of rumors, the marshals arrived
at the Oxford University air.
port. First a DC-6 and ther
four two-engine planes landed
and all were filled with mar
shals.
Chief United States Marsha
James McShane and his as
sitant, Jack Cameron, descend
Evening star., 1962-10-01
NucIeur Sub Safety

LONDON, Oct. (AP).-The
British Admiralty has issued
orders forbidding men serving
aboard nuclear submarines to
wear watches with luminous
dials. The order said such dials
emit a radioactive gas that
might affect instruments in
nuclear subs.
Evening star., 1962-10-01
Walker Aids Bonds
Fighting U.S.. in Oxford

of a file of soldiers as though
he were their inspecting officer
Finally, an Army officer
asked him to move. He refused
The officer ordered several
soldiers carrying rifles with
bayonets alongside hime
The soldiers held their bayo-
nets within inches of the for
mer general, but did not touch
him. The officer said some
thing to Mr.. Walker and he
walked off through the crowd.
Evening star., 1962-10-01

Senator Eastland. Democrat
of Mississippi, charged today
that the "bloodshed" at oxford
Miss, last night SIS largely on
the hands of the Fifth CIRCUIT
Court of Appeals"
He made the statement dur
ing Senate debate. in the course
of which Senator Morse. Demo
crat of Oregon, suggested that
if former Army Gen. Edwin
Walker took part in the campus
riot, all available legal action
should be taken against him
on charges Of inciting an in
Surrection."
At another point in the de-
bate. Senator Thurmond, Dem
ocrat of South Carolina. said II
would be we'll for a congres'
sional committee to investigate
what happened in Mississippi
yesterday.
Marshals Criticized
He made this statement after
Senator Eastland read a Ions
statement from the board OF
trustees Of the University oi
Mississippi, critical Of the way
in which the force Of United
Evening star., 1962-10-01
BY RELMAN NORM
Associated Press staff Writer

OXFORD, Miss, Oct. L.
Little Rock was a skirmish. Ok
ford is a war.
The riots just five years age
in the capital of Arkansas were
ugly and dangerous. In oxford
| the ugliness and danger is
magnified to a gigantic scale.
And one of the ironies OF
the situation here today is that
former Maj. Gen. Edwin A
Walker, who commanded the
Federal troops that took over
Little Rock, is on the opposite
side of the fence here.
Mr.. Walker whipped up the
students and others on the
campus of the University OF
Mississippi last night, when IL
became known that James H
Meredith, was on the campus.
After the Little Rock riots
Mr.. Walker said that he found
his duty there distasteful.
However, at the time, he was
the crisp and professional
soldier who gave no sign of his
feelings. He set up his command
post at the corner of Central
High School-the object of the
riots.
Contrasts in Size
The contrast is most marked
by the size of the operations
here. In Little Rock, it was
largely quiet three or -four
blocks from the school. In OK
ford today. there is little quiet
anywhere. On the contrary
there is a brooding sense of dis
aster.
Several days ago Mr.. Walker
said he planned to lead items
of thousands" of volunteers to
aid the cause Of Gov. Ross
Barnett.
But his only troops last night
were a band of students anc
other persons whom he led ir
a charge on the positions of the
Federal marshals.
They got within 100 feet but
the tear gas fumes repellec
them.
Gives Advice
Later, Mr.. Walker was giving
demonstrators advice on how to
counteract the acrid tear gas
fumes.
Mr.. Walker appeared on the
oxford town square during the
disturbance there today.
Mr.. Walker marched ahead
Evening star., 1962-10-01

he and his wife, who was driv'
ing, came under attack. Head
lights were kicked out. window
smashed and eventually thu
rioters began rolling the car tC
overturn it with Mr.. and Mrs
Yoder inside.
The State police took them
out and away as the moi
wrecked the car. Mr.. Yodel
also lost a camera.
At the entrance to the Ad-
ministration Building a Shreve-
port television man was man.
handled and an Atlanta Ca
reporter was struck with the
cry, Damn Yankee, 60 home" "
Three troop carriers, one
with a Negro driver, we're the
targets of some Of the rioters.
Flaming torches were hurled
at the canvas tops of the
trucks and the army men were
kept busy putting out the fires
1t soon became evident that
Attorney General Robert F.
Kennedy and the President had
sent too little a force to cope
with the situation and 1t was
too late for the moment to
get in supporting forces.
Edwin o. Guthman, the
Justice Departments public re-
lations officer who had come
to oxford, came out and said
in 10 minutes he would meet
with reporters at a nearby
motel for a briefing on what
had happened.
The briefing still has not
been held and the reporters
contacts with Mr.. Guthman in
side the administration build
ing have been by telephone.
The students and others kept
pushing in on the marshals
standing shoulder to shoulder
around the building. There
were cries, "tear gas" and the
marshals donned their masks
and took out their containers
and readied their tear gas guns
Then the order would come
"hold gas" and a little later
secure gas"
Order Came
All of a sudden the explosion
came. The order came ano
this time a cascade Of canister
and tear gas bombs fell amidst
the advancing students. "A
SQUAD of State police and news
men were caught in the fumes
Mr.. Guthman explain e d
later that Chief Marshal Nc
Shane gave the order after 9
piece of iron pipe had beer
hurled at a marshal and left
a big dent in his helmet liner
Inside the building Col. Bird
song was asking the Justice De-
partment officials if they
wanted the State police to re-
main. He was told they did
The Mississippi official recon-
mended that military troops be
called out and about $3.50 pm
(CST) the order for troops
went out.
Then the State police, an
gered because they were caught
in the first tear gas barrage
and resenting, it seemed, the
presence of the marshals, be-
gan withdrawing. Orders came
. up to them to keep back from
the firing line.
Conditions rapidly worsened
i Without the presence of the
, State police the attacks on thu
marshals grew bolder.
And more people, including
women and girls, were pour
, ing into the fighting area
There were advances ano
threats depending on the vol
ume of tear gas.
Evening star., 1962-10-01

the author of a one-act avant
garde comedy, "The Deck
Chair" 1t played about five
months off-Broadway last
winter.
Evening star., 1962-10-01

direction of the marshals from
a position across the street
fro m the marshals and some
of the cigarettes were reported
as being flicked on fabric COW
ering military trucks"
The university officials re-
ported that members of the
State Highway Patrol were
assisting the marshals and were
pushing the students back onto
the grass and seemed to have
things under control when,
without warning. the marshals
fired tear gas projectiles. some
of them at least fired point
blank at the students and high
way patrolment. This seemed
from all accounts, to have beer
unnecessary and illogical. This
/ is also not the way to use tear
gas. as any professional, we'll
trained la reinforcement officer
would know"
Investigation Proposed
Further on the university re-
port accused the marshals OF
"amateurism," poor leader
ship" and bad judgment.
] They suggested that the Missis-
Evening star., 1962-10-01

Troops we're called out to as
Sist marshals in getting An
thony Burns, a Negro, through
the streets of Boston and on
a ship during Fugitive Slave
Act riots in 1854.
During the Reconstruction
period, much of the South was
under military rule, and Fed
eral troops were used to put
down disturbances on a num-
ber of occasions.
The railroad strikes of 1887,
which brought on widespread
disturbances, brought out Fed
eral troops to quell them. pri-
marily on the basis of State
requests.
Coxey's Army in 1894 was
raised to demand Federal ac-
ton during a depression. In
one incident, President Cleve-
land ordered Federal troops
into action to subdue a mob
and recover a stolen railroad
train in Montana.
In the Pullman strike of
1894, enforcement of Federal
Court orders was a basis for
the use of troops in Chicago.
Interference with mail and
with interstate commerce was
also cited, but a broad order
enjoined Eugene v. Debs at
the time.
Evening star., 1962-10-01
Governor Protested

The Justice Department, in a
chronology of past troop use,
pointed out that in the Pullman
strike, the governor of Illinois,
John P. Altgeld, not only did
not request troops, but protested
against their use.
Troops continued to be used
on various occasions in strikes
through the early goth century.
Usually this was at State re-
quest, but enforcement of Fed
eral court orders was also used
as a reason.
President Hoover in 1882 used
troops to force Bonus Army
marchers off Federal property.
and troops took possession of
plants in the Montgomery
Ward seizure in 1914 under
President Franklin D. Roose-
welt.
The most recent use, of
course, was in September 1857,
when President Eisenhower sent
Army units to Little Rock,
Ark, under Federal statutes
which the Justice Department
said were direct descendants of
the law George Washington
sought.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-30
CongoIese
Attend
Seminar

Mrs. Philip Hammer, for
mer teacher at Spellman Col
lege in Atlanta, Ga. and
founder Of the Oasis" or
ganization that led the Strug-
gle for desegregation of At
lanta schools, will conduct a
three-day seminar. beginning
today, for IL legislative aides
Of the Republic of Congo
(Leopoldville) Parliament.
The seminar, sponsored by
the Overseas Education Fund
Of the League of Women Vot-
ers, will be held at the fund
headquarters, 1926 Seven
teenth street NV.
The fund was organized in
1947 to conduct programs for
foreign government leaders
and future leaders. Its Spoil
sors held their first seminar
last November for women
leaders from six South Amer
lean countries.
The Congolese team of six
legislative aides to Congolese
Sc n a t o rial representatives
and five aides of the lower
chamber (House) have been
studying administration and
government with the Depart