davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-08-02
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
GIoboI Study of Sun to Be Made
By THOMAS r. HENRY

as part Of the international
Geophysical Year program.
Points Of special interest as
outlined by the international
committee include upper at
mosphere climatology. dis
turbances in the upper at
mosphere, relations between
disturbances in the strato-
sphere and temperature, dis
tributions of ozone and water
vapor, upper atmosphere ra-
diation processes especially in
relation to ozone and water
vapor distribution, incidence
and nature of clouds in the
upper atmosphere and the
relations between solar activ-.
ity and the composition and
motions of the upper atmos-
phere. All this will be related,
so far as possible, to condi-
tions at the earth's surface.
Measurements will be made
of total ozone content and
distribution with particular
attention to ozone producing
regions above Is miles alti-
tude. It is urged by the COM
mittee that a worldwide
network Of launching sta
tions be established with
particular attention to the
Arctic and Antarctic, to the
subtropics and to stations
participating in the maxi
mum altitude balloon pro-
gram. Balloon ascensions will
be made every Wednesday
all over the earth and more
frequently during special
phenomena such as sudden
shakespeare warning and
during special geophysical in.
tervals.
Many AScenSiOns Planned
Monitoring of solar radi-
alton in all regions of the
spectrum outside the atmos-
phere is planned. 1t is urged
by the international commit
tee that special emphasis be
placed on establishment Of q
worldwide rocket sounding
network with rocket flights
made to maximum attitudes
on schedule. Balloon flights
will be made every day and
oftener If possible.
Observations will be con-
fined to physical phenomena
on the sun and earth which
are measurable in precise
terms. Many biological and
even physiological effects
of solar conditions are postu-
lated but these seldom lend
themselves to precise scien-
tific measurement.
Evening star., 1962-08-02
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry iDriterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
ters are subject to condenSd-
ton. Those not used tOiH be
returned only Uhen accom-
panied BY self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1962-08-02

Plans now rapidly are tax
ing shape for the IQSY-the
International Year Of the
Quiet Sun. 1t promises to be
about the most extensive
world cooperative scientific
program yet attempted. 1t
will be the year 1964-65 when.
all indications are, there will
be a minimum Of sunspots,
great flares on the surface of
the sun indicating great &C
tivity in the stars interior.
This minimum occurs once
in every II years.
The IQSY will be a success
sor to the recently complet-
ed International Geophysical
Year when sunspots were at
their maximum in which all
the major nations. especially
the United States and Rus
sia, took part quite harmoni-
ously. Literally tons Of data
Of all sorts were collected,
much of which remains to be
analyzed. This job probably
will require several years.
Plans for the Quiet Sun
Year have been indorsed by
the International Council Of
Scientific Unions which has
set up a special committee for
detailed planning and organ
ization. World data centers
are to be established and a
series Of world days designat-
ed when identical observa-
tions all over the earth will
be made.
Participating Countries
The American program will
be under the direction of the
National Academy Of Scien-
ces. Participating countries,
as now lined up, will be
Argentina, Belgium, Canada
Czechoslovakia, Den m ark
Finland, Fran ce, German
Federal Republic, Hungary
India, Ireland, Japan, Korea,
Malagasy Republic, the Meth
erlands, Poland. South Africa
Spain, Switzerland, Taiwan
United Kingdom, Unite q
States and Russia. Others
may join later.
It is admitted universally
that activity on the face oi
the sun has pronounced ef-
fects on conditions in earth
These, it is planned. will be
determined with as great pre-
cision as possible. The re-
search will extend into many
scientific fields which, off.
hand, seem quite remote. Tht
great squirt in Antarctic ex-
ploration, for example, came
Evening star., 1962-08-02

Your excellent article on
the formation of the Giles
johnson Defense Committee
has nevertheless left an i'm
preston on some people
which I would like to correct
This committee was organ
lied at a meeting of individ-
uals who had been invited by
other individuals. 1t was not
summoned or sponsored by
any church or organization
of any kind. The meeting
stemmed from conversations
among a number of us who
have employed the parents
of the Giles brothers, includ-
ing the former assistant pas
tor of Marvin Memorial
Church. where the parents
worked for 13 years. We con-
suited informally with a law
yer Of national Importance,
we discussed the case wher-
ever we went, and we found
so much general concern that
we were able to organize a
broadly based committee.
The organizations to which
some of the people attending
belong were mentioned SIM
ply to give a picture of the
depth and breadth of inter-
est in this case. No church
or other organization as such
had any part in organizing
the Giles-Johnson Defense
Committee, which is COM
posed Of individuals Of a
wide range Of opinions and
connections.
The enormity of the death
sentence under the circum-
stances of this case is what
has shocked people into &C
ton. Unfortunately, the whole
story Of this case cannot be
given in one newspaper item.
1t was not even revealed to
the jury. Considering the
seriousness of the offense
the trial was so short as al
most to merit the term per
functory." In two statements
to authorities before the trial
the girl indicated that one of
the accused had not bothered
her. There was no threat or
violence of any kind on the
part of the boys toward the
girl. There are other facets
to the case which make us
feel that we must do every
thing possible to save the
lives OF these two young men.
We are preparing a sum-
mary of the case which we
will distribute as widely as
our resources. permit. We
would welcome the moral
support Of anyone who would
like to add his name to our
list Of committee members.
We need the financial sup
port of anyone who cares to
contribute.
Mrs. Howard F. Ross,
Chairman, Giles johnson
Defense Committee.
Editors Note: The case
referred to in the letter in
wolves two Montgomery
County brothers who were
convicted and sentenced to
die on a charge of raping a
teen-ager0
Evening star., 1962-08-02

that brought about the So
called Reform Group, which
declared war on Mr.. DeSapio :
and the other bosses" and
helped renominate Mayor
Robert r. Wagner this year.
Mr.. Wagner has successfully
eliminated Mr.. DeSapio and
his friends. although Mr..
DeSapio still remains the
Democratic National Com
mitteeman for New York.
Under Mayor Wagner's lead
ership, too, the Democratic
State Committee ousted for
mer Democratic State Chair
man Michael PrendergaSt.
All Of which has left deep
wounds in the Democratic
Party of New York.
Decision for Democrats
The new Democratic lead
ership must decide whether
to take the chance Of being
charged, as was MFR. DeSapio,
of "boSsism" If it goes ahead
with a plan to pick Demo-
cratic candidates for Cover
nor and Senator a month
before election Of delegates
to the State convention at
which the nominations are
finally made. Could the State
convention under such cir
cumstances be called a "free
and open convention" and
Embossed?
One thing seems certain.
If the preconvention conven-
ton is held and it comes to
no conclusion about candi-
dates, but splits in a number
of directions, a demand that
Mayor Wagner, himself, be-
come a candidate for Cover
nor or Senator will become q
roar. Mayor Wagner, regard
ed as probably the strong
est candidate the Democrats
could produce, has shied away
from such a nomination.
In fact. he told President
Kennedy as well as the
Democratic State leaders he
wanted no part Of 1t. His
ambition has been to run for
Senator, an office held by his
father in the Roosevelt New
Deal days. He tried in 1856.
against Senator Javits, but
lost by 45S.0O0 votes. He
would prefer to run. it is said.
in 1864 against Republican
Senator Keating. Mayor
Wagner has said again and
again that he would serve out
his third term as Mayor. to
which he was elected last
November. He is returning
from a European trip this
week.
There are several candi-
dates for the Democratic
gubernatorial nomin alton
already working hard. among
them Representative Sam
Stratton Of Schenectady.
District Attorney Frank D.
O'Connor Of Queens County,
and Howard j. Samuels, a
Canandaigua manufacturer.
Two of them-Mr. Stratton
and Mr.. Samuels-have de-
clared themselves opposed to
a preconvention convention.
Obviously. they do not wish
to have themselves eliminated
by any group Of leaders. as
they may we'll be. before the
regular State convention is
held.
Maybe a preconvention
convention would be q good
sounding board for former
Postmaster General James A.
Farley and Franklin D,
Roosevelt, jr., who are re-
garded as potential nominees.
widely known in the State,
either for Governor or
Senator,
Evening star., 1962-08-02
THE POLITICAL MILL
By GOULD LINCOLN
A Pre-Conyention Convention?


Democratic leaders in New
York, apparently desperately
anxious to arrive at some So
luton Of their major problem
finding good candidates to
run for Governor and Sem
ator against Republican Gov.
Rockefeller and Senator Jaw
its-have come up with q
new wrinkle in politics. 1t
is to hold a preconvention
convention. At this unusual
convention all delegate can
didates for the regular Dem
ocratic State Convention
would be presently invita-
ton. Their job would be to
arrive, II they could. at a
consensus or a majority opin-
ion as to the strongest candi-
dates available. The ques-
ton naturally arises: II
the preconvention convention
picks the candidates. why on
earth should it be necessary
to hold a second convention?
The answer: The date Of the
State convention has been
set by law and that conven-
ton must make the Selec-
tions-also the law.
The proposal for a pre-
convention convention was
made first by William F.
Luddy, Westchester Demo-
cratic leader, and found fa-
vor in the eyes Of the new
Democratic State Chairman,
william McKeon. The DEM
ocrats have charged Gov.
Rockefeller and the Repub-
lican State Legislature with
playing dirty ball because
they set September 6 as the
primary date, at which dele
gates to the State political
conventions are to be elected,
This forces the Democrats to
call their regular State con-
vention for September 17-19
Since the general election
takes place November 6 this
year, the Democrats contend
they will be at a diSadvan-
tage. They will have only q
few weeks to campaign fol
and put before the voter;
their candidates-not to bC
selected until September IT.
l9-while the Republicans
have had their candidate.
ready to 60 for months. Gov
Rockefeller and Senator Jaw
its. they say. have been cam.
paigning all that time.
Chairman McKeon called 9
meeting of the 81 Democratic
county chairmen to pass or
the proposed meeting of po.
tential delegates to the State
convention-to be held about
mid-August. Fifty-five OF
the counties sent their chair.
men or other authorized rep
resentativeS. Unable to reach
a final determination regard
ing the proposal, the matte
was referred to a committe,
Of 10, with instructions Il
report back to Chairman Nc
Keon by August 8. And there
1t stands.
hecaH bOSSlSm Issue
The Democrats are mindful
Of the effective "bossisr
charge" which the Republi
cans hung around their neck
in 1858 after former Tam
many leader Carmine G. De
Sapio and other big count
leaders forced the nominatio,
Of District Attorney Fran
Hogan for Senator. a runninI
mate for the then Democrati
Gov. Averell Hartman, whel
Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt, for
mer Senator Herbert Lehma
and others belonging to tn
liberal wing of the part
wanted a liberal named 70
Senator. In fact, it was thi
action by Carmine DeSapi
Evening star., 1962-08-02

Gus than ever In that sense, Admiral
Gorshkov'S words, no matter how boast
full or inaccurate, are not to be laughed
off.
Evening star., 1962-08-02
farewell in Moscow

David L. Levy.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1962-10-26
Who's reading what?

only % were members of one or more
of the IL Catholic book clubs in the
US.
6. Realizing the recent impact Of
the quality paperback, the survey
asked how many the graduates had
purchased within three months of the
survey: 34.8 responded that they had
bought none, 32.1 per cent had pur-
chased n to three, 1877 per cent had
bought four to nine, and 12.4 per cent
had purchased 10 or more 1.-TWO per
cent did not respond).
z. Book reviews in diocesan news
papers are read regularly by only
1853 per cent of the graduates, "oc-
casionally' by 50.3 per cent, and "nev-
err by 1923 per cent.
8. The quality or the reading was
fairly high, but narrow in range, re-
flecting much more interest in the
currently popular and contemporary
books, rather than in books classical,
historical or profound" a summary of
the survey suggests. 1t added that
there wa IN amazingly high volume
of spiritual reading and an unusually
low proportion of fiction"
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1962-10-26
BY MSGR. JAMES TUCEK

VATICAN CITY - Transforming
the nave of st. Peters basilica into
the hall where the ecumenical couul-
Gil is now meeting was ar outstand-
ing achievement of architecture and
construction which may go unnoticed
in this city of architectural wonders.
The chief problem confronting the
engineer, Franceso Vacchini, when he
began planning the Council hall al
most a year ago was to provide for
the functional needs of the council
proceedings and assure the comfort of
the council Fathers while preserving
as much al possible the architectural
lines of st. Peters basilica.
There were other problems to cope
with after the major hurdles had been
passed. The question of acoustics had
to be solved. Emergency medical
services had to be provided. A COM
plete telephone system with switch
board had to be set up to provide for
communication from n end of the
Council Hall to the other with a min
imum of disturbance for the council
Fathers. !,
THE FINE Italian sense for beau-
ty - and this also was necessary for
preserving the architectural and ar
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1962-10-26
Why is the use Of statues
not q superstitious practice?
by Fr. Edward F. Healey

than to the Creator, but we venerate
the relics Of the martyrs in order the
better to adore Him whose martyrs
they are"
q. ] was trying to explain to a nom
Catholic friend the four marks of the
Church to show that it is the true
Church, but I was hard put to explain
where we get these marks in the first
place!
A. The basic idea is the require
ment that the Church as Christ estab-
lished it must be visible and c
nizable. 1t is a "city seated upon a
mountain" Matthew 5:14), based on
the authority given by Christ to the
Apostles duke 1915; Matthew %:
1920.
The four marks are derived from
the structure of the Church as shown
in the New Testament. The Church
as Christ established ii must be one
(e.g,John 1908 and 1915; Ephe-
SLAMS 4:4-6). The Church which
Christ established must be holy lie.
demanding and producing a high level
of morality and religious idealism)
and this is obvious from all the Cos
pels and such texts as Ephesians 5:25-
27. The Church of Christ must be uni
versal Tor catholic) leg. Mark 1915;
Acts 1:8, Matthew 24:14 and 28:19).
The true Church also must be apps
tolic lie. deriving its mission from
the Apostles) as seen in the whole
course of Christ's life and teachings
leg. Mark 1915; Luke 1916: John
20:21-23; Matthew 1918 and 28:16-
20).
These represent the principal Gre
dentials of Christ's Church which
must be the same Church He founded
until the end of the world.
The Roman Catholic Church has
these marks, it answers the descrip-
ton of the Church as it appears in
the New Testament and in Christian
Tradition. Books could be written in
development of these books land have
been), but ven a superficial study of
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1962-10-26

the New Testament should show an
impartial observer that we have n
strong case for Jul position.
q. What are the duties of the best
man at a Catholic wedding? What
should be the offering to the priest?
To the altar boys:
A. A recent book offers help in
many such situations. american
Catholic Etiquette" Kay Toy Fem
ner) states: "He oversees all the usf1~
ers . accompanies the bridegroom
to the church, waits with him until II
is time for the ceremony to begin -.
Prior to the ceremony, he gives the
altar boys their gifts At some
moment after the ceremony he must
find the occasion to give the officiat-
ing priest the offering from the BRIDE
groom"
The part he plays in the actual cere-
mony will vary from place to place in
small details but mainly he is the Of
fetal witness and so stands beside the
bridegroom for the ceremony and
hands the wedding ring Cor rings) to
the altar boy when it is time for them
to be blessed.
The same author states that the of
fering to the priest should be conn
mensurate with the style in which one
is celebrating the occasion"
A small point of courtesy is mem
toned in that it should be in a plain
white envelope with a note of some
such tenor as lin remembrance of
your assistance at a happy occasion"
The Fifth Synod for the Diocese Of
Columbus mentions fifteen dollars as
the ordinary offering for a Wedding
(High Mass.
The offering for the altar boys as
indicated in the above text (Fennerl
should be placed in a plain white EN-
velope too and "one or two dollars is
enough for each"
Send questions to Father Edward #.
Healey. Inquiry Corner, The Catholic
Times, Box 636, Columbus 16, O.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1962-10-26
INQUIRY CORNER

q. 1t seems TO me difficult to ex-
plain u use of statues and relics of
the saints. AS a student I am often
challenged on this point by the charge
that it is superstitions or magic.
A. In the unabridged dictionary
magic is defined as the use of a for
mula to force a deity to do something
or by the use of some secret force of
nature to achieve u wishes.
Superstition is defined as an IRA
tional attitude toward the super
natural, an ~unreasoning fear of the
unknown or belief in magic, etc. The
use Of statues and relics as approved
by the Church does not fit these def
nitionS.
st. Therese, for example, was a real
historical person. When a Catholic
prays before her statue or shows rev.
renee toward some relic of her body,
her clothing, ETC., he is not guilty of
magic or superstition.
We believe st. Therese is a saint,
a child of God who was unusually ho-
~ and is now with God in heaven. We
believe that God works through MEM
bers of the Communion of Saints and
that our love and respect for saints,
as shown by devotion in connection
with (not directly toy their relics or
statues, is pleasing to Him.
We do not attribute any blessings
to the relics or statues. We do not even
consider the answers to prayer in such
instances as coming from the saints.
They come from God through the
saint.
1t may be debated by non-C Catholics
II God acts in this way, but the inter-
Cession of Moses for the Jewish peo-
pie, of Nathan for David indicates
the idea of earthly or human agents in
Gods communication with man.
1t is abundantly clear from the New
Testament and Christian tradition as
seen in this quotation from St. Je-
rome (340-420 ADJ: "We do not
worship, we do not adore, we do not
bow down before the creature rather
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1962-10-26
Halloween is
still "a night
of miracles

Halloween is still a night of ma
gic and miracles for the impoyer-
ished children Of the world, thanks
to American school children.
The time Of the ancient pagan
harvest festivals was baptized by
the Church when she established
All Saints Day and All Souls Day,
but some of the harmless pagan ell
ements-such as apples, black cats
and costumes - remained, along
with some harmful ones, such as
vandalism.
IN 1850, a small Sunday School
class in Pennsylvania decided to
turn their efforts to construction,
rather than destruction, on Hal
loween. They collected pennies in
stead of candy and donated the $50
proceeds to the United Nations
Children's Fund.
Within IL years, the UNICEF
Halloween collection of small coins
amounted to 50 million per year.
Children from all over the country
were transforming their fun into a
gift of health and hope for the
worlds needy children.
Two million dollars seems small
in comparison to the amount spent
each year on space exploration,
but:
. One cent can mean the vaccine
to protect a child from tubercu-
loSis.
1.-TWO cents can supply a hungry
child with enough milk for 10 days.
. Three cents can buy p~enicillin
to cure a child of yaws, a Gripping
tropical disease.
. A nickel can buy enough DOT
to protect a child from malaria for
six months.
. A dime can buy so vitamin
capsules to save a child from mall
nutrition.
A quarter supplies antibiotics
to save a young trachoma victim
from blindness.
Maybe the kids wearing black
and orange UNICEF tags on Hal
loween don't know all this, but they
are concerned for their fellow man.
They know that their help is need
ed, so they are helping.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1962-10-26

and Giovanni Guareschi of Don Camil-
10 renown are but a few. Literary tai
ent is definitely not lacking.
Perhaps the selections are so hui
morless because they have been taken
from works of longer nature; few of
them were written by the authors to
stand alone as humorous pieces. TAX
en- out of context, the stories lack the
conference n expects; one feels the
same on the last page of the selection
as on the first.
A raise of the eyebrows, a shrug of
the shoulders, a sigh, and the reader
goes on to the next story in search of
something to tickle his funny bone
in vain.
BELIEVE Evelyn Waugh, Edwin
O'Connor and Bruce Marshall would
find it amusing to know that excerpts
of their larger works have been an
thologized in humor. Except for some
occasionally funny titles, Poor Ban
daged Children of Eve "Knocko
Minihan's Wake" "Can't Slip Any
Drugs to Sisters on Fifth Avenue"
the humor is too dry to be funny, the
satire too biting to be witty, and the
ordinary too ordinary to be anything
else but.
Could it be that the editors of
'Blithe Spirits had an inkling that
this "rich vein of humor" which they
had discovered had all the while been
fools gold?"
Could it be that they had a suspi-
cion that Catholic humor was more
profuse than they believed, and that
their present anthology left much in
the way of wit and amusement to be
desired.
The funniest sentence Of the book
is that of the editors to critics and
book-reviewers: IF you critics don't
think that this is a funny book, it
proves . that you r equity, cross
grained churls . Shame on you!"
John f. Bresch