davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-02
Important Road

In effect, this means that China
would still retain It's part of In
dian Kashmir where 1t had con-
structed an important military
road linking Chinese Sinkiang and
Tibet. This Ladakh area is virtu-
ally uninhabited. and II was two
years before the Indians even
knew the Chinese had occupied
their land.
The cease-fire terms would re-
turn TO India It's land in the far
northeast south Of the so.called
Mcmahon Line seized by China In
the recent clashes. This land,
from a strategic point OF view. is
more vital TO India than Ladakh
since II is the gateway TO the VI
tai oil fields OF Assam.
The sudden Chinese cease-fire
was greeted skeptically in New
Delhi. but Indian forces we're told
not TO initiate fighting. Rein
forcements were sent TO the front.
and officials waited TO see II the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-02

governments of nations with rel
atively high per capita incomes
which are unwilling to collect the
necessary taxes from their own
privileged people?"
Perhaps Mr.. Bell will find some
OF these answers. He brings some
formidable credentials to the AID
post. He has worked on foreign
assistance programs as Budget
chief. And for three years, 1954-7,
he headed a Harvard advisory
group in PakiStan which helped
that young nation launch the
first of its five-year economic de-
velopment plans.
AS his successor at Budget
Mr.. Bell will remain there until
late In December to clean up the
new financial plan to be submitted
to Congress in January-Mr.
Kennedy named Kermit Gordon,
a member of the Presidents
Council of Economic Advisers.
Mr.. Gordon, as. former VIII
liafns College economies professor,
has served in the Office Of Price
Administration, the office of
Strategic Services and the State
Department.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-02
Labor:
Bearing Down

The machinists union struck
LOckheed's missile and space
plants across the country on
Wednesday, but returned to
work and negotiations on Fri
day after President Kennedy in
vOked the Taft-Hartley Act.
A Federal appeals court last
week upheld the right Of the
railroads to end "featherbed-
ding" jobs.
A special Presidential board rec
commended last September / that
several large aircraft-missile COM
panies grant a union shop If two
thirds of the employees voting APP
proved.
Under the union shop, all work.
ers in the bargaining unit would
be required to join the union
Three companies North Amer:
lean. Ryan and General Dynam-
ics-accepted the boards recon-
mendation and put the union
shop issue up to a vote. In each
case, the employees turned it down.
But one firm, the Lockheed Air
craft Corp. has refused to agree
to such a vote, as a matter Of
principle. The company feels that
no employe should be forced to
join a union. The International
Association Of Machinists (IAM)
on the other hand, believe that
workers who benefit from union
contracts should be required to
help support the union.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-02
Prestige at Peak

With Mr.. Thant's power and
prestige now at a peak. the Soviet
Union agreed with the United
States and the rest Of the U. N.
and voted on Friday for his ap-
pointment TO a regular term Of
office, due TO expire in 1865.
Ironically. Mr.. Thant's main
problem as secretary general is
the same one that led TO Mr..
Hammarskjold's death. Katanga,
led by obstinate and able Presi-
dent Tshombe, has paid little heed
10 the several u N. resolutions
calling for an migrated Congo.
With U. N. patience running thin,
and its budget even thinner, Mr..
Thant last week warned Mr..
Tshombe again that he faced eco
nomic sanctions II he persisted In
running his own course. Katanga
seeded in July, 1861. shortly aft
er Congolese independence.
The United States and Belgium
helped Mr.. Thant by informing
Mr.. Tshombe that they would
support any U. N. economic or
even military-action. Actually.
Continued on Page B-3
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-02

clear. With winter having set in,
fighting will be extremely diff
cult in the Himalayas. If India
can bolster its defenses, it should
be able to hold the present lines
for the rest of the long winter.
Indications are. in fact, tn a
China plans to conduct its next
phase by diplomatic means. Pres
sure will be bought on the Indian
government to yield its barren
northwest in return for a nom
aggression guarantee.
The Indian public, however, is
on a war footing. Emotions are
running so high that most OBJ
servers believe any compromise
is unlikely at present. Discour-
aged by the lack Of support re-
ceived from its former Soviet
friends, New Delhi may turn even
more to the West.
Indian diplomats are doing ev-
erything possible in Washington
to praise American help. and there
is a belief In high circles that
midas whole policy Of non-align-
ment may be altered. Only last
week, India surprised many OBJ
servers by voting in the U. N.
against Red China's admission to
an international atomic energy
conference.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-02

mate Of how many planes and
missiles the Russians had in the
first place.
But as most Cuban exiles have
said. there is no proof that more
missiles are not hidden in caves.
Indeed, several groups have issued
lists Of caves believed to contain
such weapons. AS long as there
is a doubt-and the bargain not
fulfilled-the United States will
not cease its air checks Of Cuba.
Nor will 1t make any promise not
to invade Cuba.
At his news conference on No
vember 20, Mr.. Kennedy said
there were no present military
plans against Cuba. but he re-
peated his call to Mr.. Khrushchev
to carry out his end Of the ar
rangement.
Mr.. Kennedy and Mr.. Rusk
questioned Mr.. Mikoyan during
his short visit here, and apparently
were not given any assurances
about inspection. He gave the i'm
preston that the inspection issue
might drag on like all the other
cold war debates.
Officials are watching events in
Geneva very closely to see II the
Russians agree to a nuclear test
ban treaty-generally considered
the easiest East-West issue to be
resolved. So far, the Russians have
not come forth with any concrete
plan, and many officials are be-
ginning to doubt the Russians
actually want such a treaty now.
They feel that in light Of the
American nuclear superiority, the
Soviet Union may be launching a
drive to improve its arsenal Fur
Their tests might be necessary in
this case.
Also. the officials do not believe
crisis is imminent over Berlin.
They think that until the Rus
slams improve their strategic capa-
bility, they will shy away from
a direct conformation. This is the
old feminist tactic, and these OBJ
servers believe that Mr.. Khrush-
chev is skillful feminist. In other
words. when the Soviet Union has
been weak, 1t has tended to re-
treat. When it was strong, it has
asserted itself.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-02

Chinese began their h e dule d
withdrawal beginning yesterday.
All indications were that they
would pull back, leaving New
Delhi with difficult decision.
If the Indians agree to the Chi
nese ceaSe-fire, they will gain val
liable time to rebuild their forces,
but may weaken their case for pos
session of the Ladakh area. Mr..
Nehru said yesterday that he OBJ
jected to yielding de facto control
Of Ladakh to China. He said
Peking must evacuate all Indian
territory before there can be talks.
Observers still were debating the
reasons for the Chinese cease-fire.
Many responsible officials believe
China had achieved her detectives
which probably we're limited to be-
gin with. Thus, China wants the
Ladakh area, and is willing to
trade the land it seized in the
northeast South of the Mcmahon
line) for the Ladakh area.
Peking may also have been
alarmed at the growing Western
involvement in the fighting-the
pledges of United States and Brit
ish help-but observers noted that
China had deliberately refrained
from a total attack and had linn
tied the fighting to the disputed
area.
The Chinese also knew that 1t
could not count on much help
from Moscow in its fight, and this
may have been a further reason
TO contain the conflict. Observ-
ers noted that China last week
dispatched diplomats around the
world in an effort to reduce the
anti-Chinese sentiment that re-
ett1fad from The ftohttan
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-02
Fair Request

President Kennedy had made It
publicly plain that he thinks the
machinists' request for a union
shop vote is fair and reasonable.
Presumably with White House ap-
proval. the Defense Department
has put the pressure on Lockheed
by suggesting that 1t can find
other companies TO give its mill
tary production contracts TO. This
administration pressure has been
unavailing. so far.
Last Wednesday. after several
months Of fruitless negotiations
on the point, 10000 machinists at
Lockheed plants and facilities
from Hawaii TO Cape Canaveral
struck. When pickets marched at
Canayeral and at Vandenberg Air
Force Base. Calf. breaking their
agreement-in the Governments
view-not 10 stop work at Gov
eminent space and missile install
lations. President Kennedy in
voked the Taft-Hartley Act.
After the Presidents action, the
machinists promptly returned 10
work. Mr.. Kennedy appointed a
three man board 10 investigate
the dispute and he will receive its
report tomorrow. He is then ex-
pected to ask the Justice Depart
ment TO seek Federal Court in
junction which would provide for
an 80-day cooling-off period be-
Continued on Page BE-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-02
Scare Approach

He must somehow come up with
some new arguments or new
ways to present the old. The
scare approach-the citing of the
danger of spreading communism
and the sometimes overstated
warnings that any cuts in what
the administration proposes would
damage our vital national secu-
rity interests-is wearing thin in
some quarters In Congress.
He must answer this question
recently posed by Chester Bowles,
the Presidents own adviser on the
underdeveloped nations of Africa,
Asia and Latin America:
why should the American tax
payers continue to underwrite
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-02
A Civil War

This led to civil war in Kash-
mir and the entry of forces from
Pakistan and India. A bitter war
broke out which ended only on
January l, 1919, when a cease-fire
under U. N. auspices was arranged.
Since then, India has controlled
two-thirds of the state, and Pakis-
tan the rest.
The U. N. has urged a pie
biscite that once was agreed to
by India, but since the Moslems
would probably vote for PakiStan,
India has refused to allow the
vote. India wants a status quo,
but Pakistan wants more than its
third of Kashmir.
The dispute has divided family
from family on the Indian sub
continent. 1t has weakened the
stability Of the area at a time
when Red China was strengthen
ing its armed forces. 1t also hurt
the economies of both Pakistan
and India since 1t forced both
sides to expend large amounts on
arms that otherwise might have
been unnecessary,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-02
Soviet Praise

Once this decision was made
the Soviet Union began to praise
the U. N. and its secretary general
This meant that for the time be-
ing at least. the Soviet Union
was dropping its proposals to re-
place the encouragement with
a three-man secretariat - the
"troika" plan.
Mr.. Thant was elected to a one
year term last fall after Mr.. Ham
marskjold's death in Southern
Rhodesia on a mission to the
Congo. The Soviet Union agreed
to the choice Of the Burmese Dip
lomat after lengthy backstage ar
guments, but still threatened to
press for its "troika" when Mr..
Thant's temporary term ran out
this year.
Since the "troika" made UP Of
a Communist, a NATO represent
tative, and a neutral would have
had to vote unanimously, the
West objected on the grounds
that a "troika" would be power
less In case Of crisis. The "troika"
proposal was seen in the West
and In many neutral nations
as a Soviet attempt to diminish
the U. MS role in international
affairs.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-02
Some Shipping

! But Mr.. Fowler, 1t is certain,
had hoped for more progress. He
had told President Kennedy he
would take the post for a year. He
knew he was stepping into some
thing less than an ideal situation
within the agency itself. Many
foreign aid officials wanted the
popular Henry r. Labouisse, head
of the International Cooperation
Agency, which was absorbed by
the AID, to get the top post.
In addition to the lowered mo-
rale of the personnel under his
command, certain Kennedy adj
ministration officials repeatedly
launched a sniping campaign
against Mr.. Fowler earlier this
year.
1t came as no great surprise,
then. that the tough-minded Mr..
Fowler informed the President
early In November that, having
finished the year of service he
had promised, wanted to resign
and return to his law practice.
Many names figured in the
speculation as to his successor,
but last Wednesday, as The Star
had forecast nearly two weeks be-
fore, the President named his
budget director, David E. Bell,
to the post.
Mr.. Bell, Harvard economist
and veteran of Marine Corps duty
in World War II, is known as &
good-natured man. The 6-foot-
4 former speech writer for
President Truman has had his
difficulties in Congress Senator
Byrd, chairman of the Senate FL
nance Committee, last June called
for his removal from the Budget
Bureau but his unruffled per-
sonality doubtless will face new
and more severe tests on the
Hill in his new post.
(The 43-year-old Mr.. Bell used
to, on occasion, go to classes at
Pomona College in California,
barefooted. When he goes to Con-
gress to defend large foreign aid
request he runs the risk of being
dubbed 1.-THE barefoot boy with
cheeky
Now he must run a foreign
aid chiefs grim gauntlet - Otto
Passman, Howard w. Smith, Frank
Bow. John j. Rooney and Allen
Ellender, to name a few Of the
programs critics.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-02

however, has not been completed.
This became clear last week when
sun-tanned Anastas Mikoyan
finally arrived in the United States
after "a days in Cuba. Officials
had carefully refrained from max
ing predictions until Mr.. Milkoyan
left Cuba. The reason for this was
that no one knew what Mr.. Miko-
yam was doing there for such a
long time-even missing his wife's
funeral.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-02
Real M-WM

The reason for the reluctance
Of Indian officials to transfer
their forces was that since India
and PakiStan became independent
In 1947 there has been more ill
will until recently between Pakis-
tan and India than between India
and China.
The trouble arose over the state
OF Kashmir, which is located be-
tween India and West Pakistan.
1t is $4,000 square miles of noun
tain and valley, inhabited by about
4 million people. 1t is the size
of Illinois with the population Of
North Carolina.
Kashmir was one of the prince
ly states" that led an autono-
nous existence under British rule.
BY the terms of the British with
drawal from the sub-continent,
the princes were free to Join
either India or Pakistan.
Culturally and economically,
Kashmir was closer to the Mos
lens of Pakistan. About II per
cent of its population was Mos
lem, and its main rivers all flowed
into Pakistan. However, its ma
haraja was a Hindu who finally
acceded to India,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-02
The u. NJ:
Positive Role

q Thant was reelected Sec
rotary General Of the United
Nations on Friday as another
round began In the U. Ms ef-
forts to end Katanga's seces-
sion from the Congo.
The Cuban detente once again
demonstrated the United Nations
value as a mediator between East
and West. If the big powers had
chosen to fight over Cuba, there
obviously was little the q. N.
could have done. Once war was
ruled out, however, the U. N. be-
came a very important channel of
communication.
AS a result Of the U. Ms role
In the settlement, U Thant's pres
tige as secretary general rose to
a level rivaling that of the late
Dag HammarSkjold, Mr.. Thant's
predecessor. Partly, this good for
tune was due to Mr.. Thant's i'm
mediate decision to thrust the
U. N. into the dispute, whether
the big powers wanted It there or
not. But more important, his
prestige zoomed when the Soviet
Union asked that the U. Ms good
offices be used to facilitate the
Russian withdrawal from Cuba.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-02
THE NATIONAL SCENE
Foreign Aid Job Shift
And New Technioues

President Kennedy announced
on Wednesday the appointment
Of Budget Director David E.
Bell as successor TO Fowler
Hamilton In the post Of foreign
aid administrator. Kermit Cor
don will be the new budget
chief.
If q public opinion poll were
taken to find out what high-rank-
ing post is considered to be the
most thankless and frustrating
one In Government, the result
could easily be predicted. 1t is
that Of administrator Of the
Agency for International Develop
ment-our foreign aid chief.
B The organization of the agency
itself admittedly is far from ideal;
the direction Of the program is
a matter Of considerable debate
within and outside the admins
tration and the continuous pres
sure for more appropriations has
provoked an increasing opposition
in Congress and rising howls from
the harrassed American taxpayer.
When Fowler Hamilton, a highly
successful Wall Street lawyer,
came to Washington a year ago
last october to head the new
agency which combined the vari-
GUS aid programs. he did not ex-
.pect to produce any miracle and
solve the aforementioned prob
lens quickly.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-02
THE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
India: World Rea|ignment

India and Pakistan agreed last
week to start negotiations
to end their 15-year-Old dis
pute over Kashmir. In that same
Himalayan region, Chinese
forces began their promised
withdrawal from Zines Of con-
troll" fulfilling their uniIateral
cease-fire.
One Of the ironles Of the Sino-
Indian conflict has been the de-
ployment of the Indian Army.
While ill-equipped and out
manned Indian soldiers were
fighting what Prime Minister
Nehru called "a game of life and
death" on the Chinese border,
nearly 80 per cent of the 800, 00O-
man army was guarding the
peaceful PakiStani frontier, in d.
vided Kashmir.
Even the most naive military
observer could understand the
consequences Of this situation. As
long as the cream Of midas army
was pinned down on the Kashmir
border, India could not devote its
full energies to the threat from
Peking. Help from the Unite d
States and Great Britain, no mat
ter how useful, could not take the
place Of trained Indian soldiers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-19
Historic u. S.
Diesel Company
To End Operation

ST. LOUIS, Oct. 10 (AP).-
The Busch Sulzer Bros. Diesel
Engine Co., which claims to
have acquired the first Ameri-
can rights for production of
diesel engines will cease opera
ton about May /, the company
announced Thursday.
The Nordberg Manufacturing
Co. of Milwaukee, Wis, which
has owned the 61-year-old
company since 1916. cited a
steady decline in business vol
ume at the st. Louis plant as
the reason for the shut down.
Adolphus Busch, then presi-
dent of Anheuser-Busch. Inc,
founded the plant in 1901. He
repeatedly purchased the first
American rights to make the
diesel engine from its inventor
Rudolph Diesel.
Mr.. Busch was in partnership
with the Sulzer Brothers of
Switzerland. The first diesel
engine made in this country
was installed at the Anheuser-
Busch brewery.
During World War II, the
company was cited for its pro-
duction of ammunition HOSTS
as well as engines.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-19
D. c. to Require
Auto Seat Belts
On 1864 Models

District drivers will be re-
quired to install safety belts in
the front seats of passenger
cars beginning with the 1864
model year, according to a rul-
ing this month by District Com
missioners.
An article on this page
Wednesday incorrectly implied
no seat belt regulation is on the
books for the District. Anthony
L. Ellison, chief of the Office
of Traffic Safety. explained
that the belts will become
mandatory next fall on 1864
models when they are intro
duced in showroomS. Any belts
sold after November II this
year must also bear the So
ciety of Automotive Engineers
stamp of approval. he noted.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-19

The Downtown Progress
Committees program is prod
ucing the first signs of down.
town rehabilitation in the new
office buildings, apartments
and other activity, he said.
Among the other organiza-
tions in which he had a long,
time interest, Mr.. Baltz cited
work of the D. C. Savings Bond
Committee of the Treasury, the
Southeast Hospital Group and
the YMCA foundation group.
He received the Cosmo-
politan Club award from P. Y,
K. Howay, chairman of tn e
clubs award committee and
was given an ovation by club
members.
Mr.. Howay recited the many
contributions of Mr.. Baltz to
the business and civic life OF
the National Capital.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-19
Reserves Reduction
Recorded as Routine

The reduction in reserve re-
quirements made the front
pages of most newspapers to-
day, but the financial district
viewed it only with mild inter-
est, the Government bond mar
ket edged higher. while the
stock market declined a little
more.
Bankers noted that the Fed
eral Reserve Board had de-
cided to accomplish a seasonal
increase in the credit supply
through a reduction in reserve
requirements rather than
through open market opera
tions.
But they said the routine in
crease was not large in relation
to the total credit supply
already available and COM
mented that in many sections
of the country, the demand for
loans is tagging behind the
credit supply.
However, in New York the
central market, and also in
Washington, loan demand has
held up fairly we'll and the
additional credit will be well
come if commercial lending
activity follows its usual course
in November and December,
they conceded.
The coming increase in the
supply of credit didn't seem to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-19
CHICAGO
LIVESTOCK

CHICAGO, Oct. 10 CAPl CUSDA) -
Hogs 1000: slow, butchers steady TO
rs lower, most decline on weight over
900 lbs; sows steady TO weak: shippers
took around 20 per cent Of salable
supply: = 200-220 ID butchers 1900
II. SO; around 1876 head at l7,75:
mixed l-3 l9O-250 lbs I6.50-17 40;
% 24O-2S0 lbs 16.25-16.75: mixed
Ia 32O-4O0 ID sows l4752l5.75; 2-3
400-575 lbs 13.75-l5.OO: bears 1880
Cattle 5000; calves 100; slaughter
steers uneven, generally slow. steady
to so lower. decline on weights under
200 lbs; heifeTS steady TO 25 lower;
cows and bulls steady; several loads
prime 1,l50-l 800 ID slaughter steers
~ OO-32 25; load prime $40 10 32.75;
bulk high choice and mixed choice and
prime l.l75-l .375 lbs 80. 50-3l rs
bulk choice l.lO0-l $50 lbs 29.25-
81 90; comparable grade 9OO-l,l00
lbs 2S 100000; load high choice and
prime 1915 lbs 1880; good 1850
$500; few loads mixed good and
choice l.O50-1 ,1@5 lbs $3.50; load
choice with few prime $50 lbs heifers
2s. so. most choice S59sl 900 lbs 81 90
1925; good "a 00-26.50; load mixed
good and choice 900 lbs 1913; utility
an6 commercial COWS l45O-1s.75:
Gamers and cutters 12.0O-l5 90;
utility and commercial bulls 1850
2O,OU. y