davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-15
Lesson for D. c.?

In view of current con-
troverSy over eXpresSway
development here, it may be
instructive to take a look at
what is being planned for
Chicago, a city already we'll
served by rapid rail transit.
There, a seven-year study,
costing $3.5 million. has out
lined the future transporta-
ton needs of the metropolitan
area. Recommended are ex-
tensions of mass transit rail
lines. express bus service and
moving sidewalks in the Loop
area.
Core of the recommended
tons. however, was the find
ing that many more express
ways were needed through
out the area to handle the
predicted increase in the
number of motor vehicle
trips. Specifically, the report
calls for 230 additional miles
of expressways at a cost of
SIT billion.
Also proposed is a major
program of providing grade
separations for major ar
terial streets with widening
where necessary. Perhaps the
Capital City could learn a
few things from the Windy
City.
Francis ]. Kane
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-15
At Long Last

The So-called Durham rule, which
established in this city new definition
of insanity in criminal cases, has been
a source of confusion and controversy
for eight years. Many trial judges have
commended that its meaning was not
clear to them or to jurors. It's defenders,
however, have said that the meaning of
the rule could not be misunderstood,
and, therefore, why seek to clarity that
which is already quite clear?
The effective answer to this con-
tention now has been given by the nine
judges who sit on. our United States
Court of Appeals, They have agreed,
so far as the essentials are concerned,
on a Qualification of the Durham rule.
1t seems to be meaningful Qualification,
and we agree with the following obSer-
walton of Chief Judge Miller in his
separate opinion: "The majority have
made worthwhile effort to clarity the
confusion engendered in the minds of
trial judges by the Durham case and
subsequent decisions. The effort may
succeed if the present majority opinion
is not whitfield away by this court in
subsequent cases."
There is not space here to go into
the details of the Qualification. In sum-
mary form, however, it may be said that
the opinion holds that the "some evil
dence" rule with respect to a showing of
insanity by criminal defendant re-
quires more than "scintilla" of proof.
1t further states unequivocally that the
jury is the sole Judge of the credibility
of all witnesses, including the pSychia-
tristS. And, borrowing language from
Judge Miller, it also says that sit is up
to the jury to decide whether what the
experts say in a given case amounts to
mental abnormality which Substanti-
ally affects the defendants capacity to
control his conduct and conform to the
law"
This, we think, breatheS into the
Durham rule substance and meaning
which should be of much assistance to
trial judges and juries. 1t apparently
will permit instructions by the trial
judge in language which can be under
stood by lay jurors This is long overdue.
What remains is the test of the eat
ing of this pudding. Judge Millers opin-
ion, not without reason, suggests GER
tain skepticism on this point
The Court of Appeals normally sits
in panels of three judges But through
the elastic process of Interpretation,
three judge panel can mutilate the ap-
parent holding of the nine judges in
this case.9 Consequently, before proclaim
ing that all is well, it seems wise to
await the resdlt of future decisions
bearing. on the Durham rule. If this
latest decision is not undermined, how
ever, the court has made very sub
stantial contribution to better law en-
forcement in the Nations Capital '."'
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-15
Hail and Farewell

The 87th Congress, bewitched, both
cred and bewildered, finally closed up
shop late Saturday and its members,
or at least those who were still in town,
headed for homeland election day.
The final session in the House was
marked by an extraordinarily bitter
attack on the Democratic leadership by
Chairman Cannon of the Appropria-
lions Committee, who is, of course, also
a Democrat. II have sat under 10
Speakers" he declared, land have never
seen such biased and inept leadership"
This blast was the outgrowth of feud
between the House and Senate Appro-
priation Committees, the issue being
whether the House should control both
appropriations and revenue-raiSing bills,
there being no controversy with respect
to the latter. When adjournment finally
came, this row remained unresolved,
and doubtless it will arise again to
plague the next Congress.
President Kennedy, for electioneer-
ing purposes, is going about the country
praising the record Of the 87th. Actually,
the. record is nothing for him to be
proud of. The Presidents biggest victory
came with enactment Of the foreign
trade bill! On this, however, he enjoyed
extensive bipartisan support Most of
his remaining major recommendations
were either materially watered down or
defeated. In addition, host of other
recommendations simply died on the
vine.
One reason for Mr.. Kennedy's
troubles may be found in the coalition
between Republicans and conservative
Democrats-a coalition which took
very dim view of many of the New
Frontier programs. Unless he can per-
suade the voters to send still more
liberal Democrats to Congress, however,
there isn't much the President can do
about this. But he can do something
about his own tendency to lombard
Congress with far too many legislative
recommendations. He must know that
most of these will not even be con-
sidered, and a little more Selectivity on
his part, or so it seems to us, might
produce better legislative results.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-15
Pilots 'SmeoredP
Aaron C. Butler.

The head of the flight en-
gineers union at the interna-
tional level and his few radi-
cal followers and supporters
will stoop to any deplorable
situation in order to force
their outmoded will on 9TH
erS.
I am referring to recent
articles and pictures dealing
with the so-called inattention
of airline pilots to their
duties in the cockpit of the
airplane in flight. Any low
down sneak with a camera
can bird-dog a person on
any job, from the President
of the United States to the
lowliest itch-digger, and
sooner or later come with
pictures that make the per-
son on the job appear to be
Sinking his duties. This
plainly appears as a dis
gruntled attempt to smear
the airline pilots.
I have flown as a flight
engineer for almost seven
years working with numerous
pilots. I can say that we'll over
SO per cent of these conscien-
tiouS and skilled mems in
tegrity is beyond doubt. The
public should consider the
publicity as insignificant.
F. A. Langley, jr.
Flight Engineer,
American Airlines
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-15
u. NJ. Disbursements

Senator Dodd recently per-
formed a service when he
brought to public attention
the fact that an estimated
$4,000 of United Nations
funds will be obligated to
train Russians for positions
with the U. N. This despite
the fact that the Soviet
Union has consistently been
in arrears on its payments to
the U. N. and refuses to
shoulder any of that organi-
zation's financial burdens in
the Congo.
If parliamentary proce-
dures entitle the USSR to
these jobs, then by all means
let's have Ambassador Ste
venson insist that the U. N.
not finance the training of
the Soviets who will occupy
them.
Joseph P. CappellO.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-15
Symphonic Send-OH

At $3.50 pm. tomorrow, Howard
Mitchell will raise his baton in Consti-
tuition Hall and another National SYM
phony Orchestra season will be under
way. If that sounds rather matter-of-
fact, it is so only because hundreds Of
workers and thousands of subscribers
have made it that way through devoted
effort and contributions.
Both workers and subscribers know
Washington would be a much poorer
place but for the improving men
and women of the orchestra, now de-
servedly rated among the Nations best.
It has become community undertak-
ing second to none, as exemplified by
these figures: $4,000 subscribers, of
whom $4,000 are children, and more than
10000 contributors to the sustaining
fund. No other city's orchestra oper-
ateS on that broad a base
Washington area music lovers are
fortunate to get this superb season,
attracting many of the worlds finest
solo artists, at what must be considered
bargain rates. Because of its $500 seat
ing capacity, Constitution Hall is top
scaled at 81, compared with $3.50 in
New YorkS new Philharmonic Hail.
Departing from custom, the orcheS-
ira is opening the season with one Of
the guest soloists, Vladimir Ashkenazy,
playing ProkofievS Second Piano Con-
certo. Winner of the 1862 TchaikovSky
competition, he is one of the most bril-
liant of the Russians. 1t should be a
rouSing start for the orcheStraS finely
programmed 32d season.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-15
Liberals Take Over

1t is reported that a poll
shows that the votes of new
corners into nearby Virginia
will be almost equally divided
between Mr.. Johnson and
Congressman Broyhill. That
is something about which no
one can complain, since
everyone has a right to vote
as he pleases. 1t is alarming,
though, to have this poll show
that many of these new
corners say that they will vote
Democratic or Republican
without even knowing the
names of the candidates, or
what the candidates stand
for.
The principal reason that
our country is in such a mess
is that the loyal, taxpaying
workers of the Nation divide
themselves into Republicans
and Democrats, walk to the
polls and cancel each others
votes and thereby make it
possible for a horde of theore-
tical liberals to march in be-
tween them and take over
the Government at Washing
ton, where they eat high off
the hog at the Government
feed trough.
Few people distinguish be-
tween millions and billions.
They both sound very much
alike. Few realize that if a
man had started to spend a
thousand dollars per day at
the time of the birth of
Christ, he would still have
many millions of dollars left
out of one billion dollars. And
yet the boys at Washington
blithely announce that tn e
space program alone is to cost
$25 billion.
It is all very well to seek
knowledge about the compost
ton of far distant planets,
but it should not be done on
borrowed money. We will
spend several billions on try
ing to get to the moon. The
temperature on the moon
goes well above the boiling
point of water in the daytime
and is very, very cold at night.
And yet we talk of setting up
stations there for human
habitation. If we must make
such explorations, other Gov
eminent expenditures should
be reduced so that it can be
a "pay-as-you-go" PROPOSE
ton and not be done at the
expense of the boys and girls
Of today who must pay for
our folly throughout their
future.
Further, the increase of
crimes of violence in Airing
ton shows that the criminals
of Washington will be spill
ing over into Virginia unless
we prevent it. 1t is the lib
erals who put the reformation
of the criminal ahead of the
safety of our women, and who
preach the doctrine that if a
person was "underprivileged"
in his youth, he automatically
has a license to rape, rob,
and kill at will.
Frank G. Campbell,
Independent Conservative
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-15
Analyses De GouHe

The French seem to me
to be more the victims of a
personality cult" than the
Russians under Stain. De
Gaulle's arrogance is based
on a popularity Stain never
knew. He is reminiscent of
Napoleon Though I under
stand he sees himself as
Joan Of Arc). His only guide
seems to be voices" endow-
ing him with a supra human
mandate.
No doubt many Americans
see democracy" in his prop
osition that the president of
France be selected by popular
vote. They should not. De
Gaulle's real purpose is not
to promote democracy, but to
circumvent the parliament
which lacks his certainty that
the United States will fail in
the crunch and that England
ought to be excluded from
the European union. He will
attempt to dictate" the cleo
ton of his successor, if his
referendum succeeds in set
ting UP the popular-vote me-
chanism. His choice of a Sue
cessor will be an autocrat like
De Gaulle, not a democrat.
Autocrats do not shrink from
elections when they have the
cynical assessment of popu-
lar intelligence which De
Gaulle makes.
This man. nevertheless, can
do true democracy a great
service. His European" pos
ture of bluff and grandeur
is precisely what it takes to
impress the autocratic Rus
slams. If De Gaulle had had
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-15
PARIS

FAfLIS
Dealing with new nations
is always a tricky business.
But it would be unfortunate
if the pretentions or the dip
lomatic unmannerliness of
the new Algerian government
succeeds in compromising at
the start it's relations with
the free world.
1t is not easy, of course, to
take lectures in international
morality from a person whose
claim as the father of the Al
gerian revolution rests large
ly on a couple of bank rob-
berries in 1858.
The fact that Ahmed Ben
Bella is topping off his visit
with President Kennedy by
a call on Cuba'S Fidel Castro
may strike many Americans
as a gratuitouS insult. His
presumption to the role of
Africa's chief anti-colonialist
hero is disturbing not only to
Americans but also to many
of his Afro-Asian colleagues.
And yet it should be re-
membered that in all this
Mr.. Ben Bella is by no means
his own boss. In New York
and Washington he may cut
a confident and impressive
figure.
But what he says and does
must be judged by the situa-
ton that exists in Algeria to-
day. And this situation is
anything but reassuring for
Mr.. Ben Bella and his
friends.
1t was not many days ago
after all that this newly in
dependent country was trem-
bling on the brink of civil war.
AS rival political leaders
wrangled bitterly, the unity
that bound Algerian nation
alistS together through seven
years of war threatened to
dissolve in chaos.
Ancient enmities between
Arabs and Kabyles flared in
to violence.
The 30,000-man regular"
army, newly arrived from
Tunisia, found itself fighting
units of unsubmissive local
guerilla "Wilayas".
That Mr.. Ben Bella a few
weeks later should h ave
emerged from this melee to
baSk in the glow of the inter-
national spotlight is a tribute
perhaps to his talent for sur
vival as well as to the disgust
of the Algerian people at the
prospect of continued con-
flict, But he also depends
very directly for his tenuous
hold on power on the support
of the regular army.
In the light of this de-
pendence, neither Mr.. Ben
Bella's behavior in New York
nor his schedule of courtesy
calls have caused much sur
prise here. The simple fact is
that if his visit to Washing
ton had not been counterbal-
anced by a gesture toward
the Socialist camp" the re-
suits could quite possibly
i. have been fatal for Mr.. Ben
Bella. - y
And much else that might
be Interpreted as rudeness in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-15

AS an American I find
sickening the attempt by the
family of Morton Sobell to
use their minority status to
arouse sympathy for their
convicted relative. But as a
practicing Jew I find even
more sickening the outrage
GUS manner in which they
have demeaned the most sa-
cred day in the Jewish CAL
endar by using it as part of
a cheap publicity stunt to
obtain Morton Sobell'S re-
lease.
On a day when most Jews
humble, hungry and penitent
stand in the presence of their
Maker seeking forgiveness
"for the sins which we have
sinned," the Sobells in their
colossal arrogance spend the
day promenading before the
White House seeking mercy
for Morton Sobell in the
name of everything he has
forSaken.
If Morton Sobell had spent
more time concerning him
self with the many Yom ip-
purim which preceded his
conviction he would not be
behind bars today. And if the
members of his family. so
eager for his release, would
spend a lot more time in
prayer and penitence and a
lot less time in hypocritical
and sacrilegious publicity
seeking I'm sure that God in
His infinite mercy would hear
them. The gates of re-
pentance are always open;
I don't know about the White
House. Barry S. Brown
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-15
Operation Cuba

Comrade khruShcheV re-
Gently analysed the Ameri-
can Government with words
to this effect: e. the Amer
lean people are too liberal to
fight over Cuba" a -
Examining this statement
along with the verbal action
we have thus far taken in
respect to hating the Soviet
Cuba fortress, the logical and
honest-type person would be
obliged to accept Khru-
shchev's diagnosis as valid.
We Americans may as well
face up to it and stop this
hyprocritical farce - telling
ourselves that we abhor
bloodshed too much to inter-
fere with the conquest STRAIT
egg of democracy's greatest
antagonist.
The majority of our Sena-
torial leaders and a number
of cabinet members plus
State Department officials
apparently are putting on the
witch-doctor's smock and
gloves, tip-toeing to the can
cerous patient on the bed and
saying: I'VE just can't OPP
crate on you now because it
would hurt you too much.
Well wait-maybe you'll get
better"
That's right. Well Just wait
until the malignancy has
spread throughout the whole
hemisphere.
If we don't operate now,
before it's fatally too late,
there won't be anything left
to operate on.
This new liberality" that
is Supplying our country's
leaders has got to be re-
examined for what it is.
There is no justification for
Communistic domination. Are
we to continue rationalizing
our false morality by saying:
We'll wait until there is no
alternative and then We'll act
with force?" There has been
for America no alternative in
several years. Yet, we seem
always capable of manufac-
turing some alternative such
as talking" negotiating"
and "appeaSing."
The "liberality" we are
presently experiencing is baS-
ically immoral, self-deceiv-
ing and Supplying. Comrade
Khrushchev has diagnosed us.
Are we to accept this mad
doctors words? We deal with
our local quacks with haste.
Why not this monster of
them all? r-4
Peace is not negotiable
when you deal with a maniac;
for his only end is to subju-
gate, and slaughter is the
only means he will employ
if he faces objections. Let's
not kid ourselves about
peaceful settlement" The
only remedy is to remove the
cancer along with the in
fected area.
The new liberality" is the
newest and deadliest species
OF cancer in existence.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-15

Mr.. Berle considers that the
Castro government is Just
such a regime.
A considerable portion of
the brief book is devoted to
a juridical discussion of the
bases of the inter-American
system. Mr.. Berle demon
strates that nothing in the
system obliges the United
States to refrain from de-
Tending itself from armed
attack, and he quotes from
Senate hearings to show that
IAN internal revolution, Der
hapS aided and abetted by
an outside state" may be
considered such an attack. In
the course of developing the
point, Mr.. Berle offers val
liable definitions of words
like "noninterference" and
independence" words that
tend to become slogans but
which must be maintained
as clearly understood, more
or less technical terms.
MR.. BERLE'S tough-mind-
edness extends to matters of
economic cooperation. He is
a firm believer in the ALI
ance for Progress and foreign
aid in general. He supports
the attempt to ensure that
such aid be properly en-
ployed. g. All requests
(for funds)," he writes
could be answered readily
enough by simple statement
of the conditions under which
United States funds would be
made available, as private
banks and private investors
state the conditions under
which they are prepared to
make investments in foreign
countries. Contention is
sometimes made that to state
such conditions is either in
Sulting' or economic agrees
sion or imperialism Some
Americans have even been
absurd enough to take this
sort of talk seriously, though
Latin Americans do not even
expect it to be taken serious
ly."
Throughout the book. Mr..
Berle draws on his remark
able knowledge of the life of
the great continent to the
south. There are fascinating
bits of information about the
state of the various educa-
tional systems, glimpses of
the results of the cultural
and social heritage of the
colonial period, and facts
about the economic mira
structure of these states that
now stand on the edge of a
remarkable economic devel-
opment.
Because Mr.. Berle is so
reasonable and well in
formed, because he is so COM
passionate and yet so utterly
free from softness, his brief
book will be welcomed by all
readers of whatever political
views who are interested in
a rational approach to pub
lie affairs.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-15
WATCHING THE WORLD
AIqerio Still on Brink of Chaos
BY CROSBY S. MOVES
FOREIGN CORRESPONDENT Of The Stor

the course of his American
visit is explained by the same
healthy instinct for self pres
ervation.
AS for the prospect that AL
geria will emerge soon as a
scourge of colonialism in AT
RIGA and champion of Arab
conflict with Israel, preten-
tions must be m e asured
against capabilities.
In the long run to be sure,
Algeria has the potential of
becoming the most powerful
state in North Africa, OUT
CHASING Egypt as the leading
power of the Arab world.
AS French Ambassador
Roger Seydoux pointed out to
the U. N. General Assembly:
I'm every field - fnfrastruc-
ture, industrial and agricul-
tural development, education,
health, training of an elite
France is leaving Algeria
with all the components for
a modern, well-equipped state
ready to play a major role in
competitions and in interna-
tional brotherhood"
And yet the sad fact is
that in all these fields-and
others besides = Algeria to-
day is in a sorry state in the
wake of disorder and eco
nomic prostration, its bright
promise and the carefully
calculated future already are
dangerously compromised.
Throughout much of the
country lawlessness and ter
rorism are still the order of
the day. Despite energetic
efforts to put down banditry,
violence, killings, kidnapings
and indiscriminate extortion
are still widespread.
OF the European commun-
ity in Algeria, on which the
economy of the country heav-
lily depends, more than $780,
900 have now returned to
France as refugees. And for
all the talk of French-Al-
gerian cooperation, many of
the remaining 100000 are
talking of leaving soon.
In the big commercial CEN
tiers, business is at a stand
still.
OF some $4,000 shops in
Algiers, only about 5000 are
still open. Shipping in the
harbor of Algiers is 20 per
cent of what it was a year
ago. There is a serious short
age of food. Bank deposits
have dropped from 3.4 bill
lion francs as of the begin
ming Of the year to $50 mil
lion. Unemployment-always
a serious problem-now &C
counts for an estimated two
thirds of the potential labor
force.
Militarily, politically and
economically, in short, the
situation in Algeria borders
on catastrophe.
One may hope that from
now on things may take a
turn for the better. But it
is clear that before Algeria
can play any constructive
role in world affairs, there is
still much to be done to put
its own house in order.