davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-04-19

solid, liquid nor gas. The
other three are more or less
tightly constituted combina-
tions of atoms. Plasma is
sub-atomic. 1t consists of
electrons, protons or neutrons
and perhaps a dozen other
elementary particles - but
chiefly protons and neutrons
and the nuclei of atoms
themselves-which have not
combined into atoms and
molecules. They exist entire
ly as free entities.
Plasma is really an an
archy of matter. 1t is, to a
large extent, the matter of
interplanetary empty space"
which scientists of the Ma
tional Aeronautics and Space
Administration soon will
start exploring.
This plaSma supposedly
exists in enormous amounts,
in the extremely hot inte-
rior of the sun. There the
heat is too great to permit
atomic combinations, Ordi-
narily. it is confined there.
But about once a year there
are titanic explosions in this
solar interior. Great flares,
thousands of miles high, are
shot out into space from the
surface of the star. These
flares consist largely of
plasma. 1t enters the essen
tial vacuum of interplane-
tary space where it is most
likely to be encountered.
Unseeable and Untouchable
Man can have little realis-
tic conception of what this
fourth state of matter would
be like. It is described mostly
in mathematical formulae. It
is unseeable and untouchable.
Presumably, once in space, it
becomes extremely diffuse.
In the suns center, packed
with protons and neutrons.
it may be very heavy indeed,
Plasma, of course, would
not support life, as life is
known on earth. Atoms and
molecules of just the right
sort are required for any
plant or animal.
There is little question but
that within the next few
years, with the present pro-
grams of the National Aero
nautics and Space Admins
tration, as formulated at the
Goddard Research Center, a
great deal more will be learn
ed about this ia bulous
forth state Of m after"
which would be entirely un-
appreciable to the human
senses.
Evening star., 1962-04-19
VSTAS IN SCIENCE
Spocemen Seek Fantastic 'PIosmo'
BY THOMAS r. HENRY

Fantastic "plasma Crea-
ton" is of basic concern to
space scientists.
1t Is the evanescent, an
archist, invisible reality
which underlies everywhere
the visible, touchable Crea-
tion of the human senses. It
is the creation into whose
nearer edges space craft of
tomorrow can be expected to
enter.
The prospects have made
essential some closer calcula-
ton of comparative dimen-
sionS in this underneath
or up above-of atoms and
molecules, aggregations of
which comprise all things
man knows. The calculations
go a little beyond the brimidic
what every schoolboy
knows"
Smallest, simplest and
most abundant of atoms is
that Of the mother gas, hy-
drogen, ouA of which, prob
ably, all the others have been
built up in some mysterious
way or other. Now, according
to the calculations, one of
these hydrogen atoms COM
pares in size to a stone two
inches in diameter as that
stone to the entire earth.
Each cubic inch of air at sea
level contains many billions
of such particles.
Fourth State of Matter
Still one is only at the edge
Of the invisible. Each atom
is, in turn, made up of
smaller particles-electrons
protons and neutrons. Every
atom consists of a nucleus
made UP of tightly bound
protons and neutrons about
which circle various numbers
of electrons like planets
around the sun. The electron
is the smallest. It compares
in size to a tiny speck of
dust as that speck to the
whole world.
Man experiences three
states of matter - solid,
liquid and gas. These are
in all sorts of combinations
everything. But there is a
fourth state of matter which
he never experiences. It does
not exist on earth, except
very briefly and in minute
amounts, in laboratories. 1t
has just entered, with the
dawn of the space age, the
calculations Of physicists.
For it is, to a considerable
extent, the matter Of inter-
planetary space.
This is "plasma"-neither
Evening star., 1962-04-19
THE POLITICAL MILL
Kennedy's Friendly Voice
BY GOULD LINCOLN

President Kennedy's voice
at his press conference yes
terday was conciliatory-
more like that Of a cooling
dove-compared to the strid-
dent tones he used a week
ago to denounce the steel
companies for increasing
prices. He made no apology,
however, either for what he
had said or for what his ad-
ministration had done to beat
United States Steel and other
companies to their knees. He
insisted that the public inter-
est had been served when the
steel price increase was re-
Scinded. The President ap-
peared to be holding out an
olive branch, not only to the
steel industry, but business
generally, which had been
wondering when its turn, or
any part Of it, would come
for such drastic use Of in
fluence and power. He re-
cited a long list of things on
which he and the steel COM
panies and business saw
alike. And he also recited
what his administration was
trying to do to aid industry,
through tax credits on money
used to extend and improve
industrial plants and through
more lenient depreciation al
lowances.
While President Kennedy
was loudly applauded for his
courage and for being a
strong President" in his op-
erations against the steel
companies last week, there
has been a considerable surge
of resentment at the tactics
he used. He has been criti-
cized for using his powers to
fix the prices Of steel. He was
criticized for using the eco
nomic power to force United
States Steel and other COM
panies to abandon price in
creaseS which they said were
essential to care for needed
replacement of obsolete ia
cilities and plant extensions.
1t was charged he did this by
threatening to give Govern
ment contracts for steel to
companies that held the line
against the price increases
and by threatening to deny
contracts to companies that
insisted on the increased
prices. The Government is
a huge buyer of steel. He was
criticized, too. for lashing out
through grand jury in
veStigation and the threat of
punitive measures against
the steel companies.
Need Is Not Disproved
The Presidents apparent
justification was to preserve
the country'S economy, to
serve the public by prevent
ing increases in prices of
steel, basic in so many ways.
An increase in steel prices
would be a signal for price
increases all along the line,
as has been the case in the
past. Admitted that the an
nouncement Of the price in
crease by steel was ill-timed,
it has not yet been demon
strated that the increases are
not warranted.
The President said several
times yesterday that he has
no power to fix prices or
wages. It is evident that he
did have this power and used
1t against steel-backed by
loud protests from the public.
Evening star., 1962-04-19

Pen names may be used it
letters carry turiters' correct
names and addresses. All let
ters are subject to condenSa-
tion. Those not used Uill be
returned only lDhen accom-
panied by self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1962-04-19

When he was questioned on
whether he would move in
similar ways to prevent other
price Increases, however, the
President insisted he had no
power to fix prices or wages.
Indeed he would not say
what he would do in the
event a labor union demanded
excessive wage increases-in-
creaSes that could only make
price increases essential to a
continuance in business. OBJ
viously, he could not deal
with labor as he dealt with
the steel companies. He could
not threaten them economic
ally by producing strike
breaking workers. He could
not threaten organized labor
with punishment under the
antitrust laws, for labor
unions are not subject to
these laws. On the other
hand, organized labor can
threaten retaliation at the
polls.
Only Congress Can Act
Congress is the only body
which can deal with Big
Labor and curb it when it
threatens to strike, and does
strike, to compel higher
wages in violence to the well
fare of the country and the
general public. Beyond the
Taft Hartley Act, amended
by the Griffin-Landrum Act,
Congress has done nothing
about labor, save in some
particulars relating to ma
tional defense industries. Nor
does there appear much pros
pect it will. Senator McClel-
Ian of Arkansas, who con-
Quoted the Senate investiga-
ton of racketeering and COL
lusion between labor and
management, has introduced
bills to strengthen the laws
where work stoppages are
threatened in transportation
industries and at defense
production plants. The Ken
nedy administration has still
to recon m n d any laws
which would deal effectively
with paralyzing strikes.
Obviously the President
was seeking to convince busi-
ness he is not its enemy. He
said, in effect. that his ad-
ministration cherishes no i'll
will against the steel industry
because of last weeks battle
over prices. He is contem-
plating no punitive measures
against Big Steel which, he
said, had corrected its mis-
take and rescinded price in
creaSes. At the same time, he
said the grand jury investi-
cation would be continued to
see if the antitrust laws had
been violated and there had
been concerted price fixing.
But that was to be expected
the administration has to
go through with 1t, for OBJ
vious reasons.
BY and large, the President
gave business a pat on the
back, expressed his friend
ship and said the Govern
ment, business and labor
must cooperate for the good
of all the country-and that
this must be done through
collective bargaining, in
which the public has a tre-
mendous interest. He pre-
dicted that business profits
would be greater than ever,
and that investors, through
dividends, would receive their
full share.
Evening star., 1962-04-19
Errunt Mercy

There must be something
terribly and dangerously
wrong with our way of living
when we have stopped so low
in our reasoning as to con-
slider race or color at a time
of life and death. I refer to
the ambulance incident in
Montgomery, Ala. What a
headline for the world to see!
What a shining example for
our youngsters! white Am
bulance Called by Mistake
Refuses to Aid Injured Negro
Child" What a cruel display
The Nome nugget., 1962-05-11
BY WARD SIMS

log-jam favors of Aaskas the states primary election 14
 No less than PIP into primary Alaska this year
 House seats allotted district
 Only and IA Republicans will survive the primary and be around to fight it in the
 total of 1e candidates aspire to offices for Governor Secretary State Representatives
 Aaoh 40 candidates are seeking the 10 State Senate the 40 State House of Representative seats be decided
 Following complete candidates as compiled by Secretary of State Hugh J Wade's office:
 Newton Boyer Anchor Point George Eyer Anchorage William Egan Warren Fritz Anchorage; Martin Anchorage Pollock An choage; and Mike stepovch Fairbanks.
 Secretary Wad Juneau Repub- Giland Anchorage and Robert A Ross Anchorage Veac Anchorage Republicans Cook Anchorage Ted House of Representatives Democrat-Ralph ! Rivers Fairbanks Republicans Thomas Anchorage Henry Anchorage.
 For PeraHovich Klawock Qae-Alfred Widmari Klawock
 For State Senate District q p,Howard Bradshaw sika Ierstsn lM Mitrovicl sita; Leslie stka and Begic Spenard Gobert sraton spenard and Hansen cordova se '0nn rs, s lssyIs s ss.ss csd9ya n;.,, . Metealf Seward T Wright asAlex petrovich Seward; James Sailing m s;Ts For sas Dis1icf Brandon DllrSs,n Tibbes, Nakne; Zimn Naknek N Ludwigsen Bethel
 
 For Senate D>-John B Hall Fairbanks r) Paul Greinann ST, Fairbanks
 District Desnan. Unalslissi; Neal Foster Deng; John NusungnYa Barrow M Charles w.
 
 P: M. Nome Hl-- Wallace C. McIver
 For State District Gaz Iitteeld ckan G William K Boardman Ketchikan; Walter L. Kubley retchkan. Houss Il D,-NO candidate d-Jofn E. Longuorth, Petersburg. Cashel Ska; Andrew Hope Sitka Frank Booth Sixa; Mark Jacobs Sika; Massey,
The Nome nugget., 1962-05-11
ANOTHER FAILURE

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. R = An attempt to launch flashing light geodetic satellite into orbit failed yesterday when the second stage of the launching vehicle did not ignite.
 If successful, the satellite would have helped make more accurate maps of the world.
 The 355-pound payload was pro- pelled aIoft by Thor Able Star rocket. The early portion of flight appeared normal as the 79-foot-tall booster streaked swiftly from sight.
 However, the Defense Depart ment announced about 20 minutes later that preliminary telernetry reports indicate that the satellite had failed to go into orbit.
 By giving scientists a known point in space to be photographed against a background of stars, the satellite would have allowed them to make better measurements of the eartfl'S surface.
 The Defense Department has backup payload prepared and is expected to launch it within few months after yesterdays rocket trouble has been analysed and corrected.
 This was the second straight failure for Thor-Able-Star rocket, which earlier had been suc- cessful in placing a number of transit navigation satellites in orbit.
 This also was the fourth rocket failure in three days at the Cape. On Monday the first Centaur space rocket exploded in flight. We'd nesday Pershing and PoIaris were destroyed when they wander ed off course during pair of military launchings.
The Nome nugget., 1962-05-11
22 People File for 4 Offices in Aug u IA Primary Election

2 seas): dp-Douaas Gray Juneau Sweeney Juneau William Whitehead Juneau ds A. W. Boddy Juneau Linn A Forrest Jr, Juneau
 -Chares R. Burnett Haines Mml G eiregg Hanes; Morgan w. Reed Skagway GWfred
 Fe= State House Dis.r. Rana cordopa: Earl Barnard Gakona Robert Dan Leroy Duncan cordova dsoJames Roberts, cordova
 A Earl Combs Wasla Jalmar Kertla, GoJames D. Frey, Palmer Alfred V Hagen Wasia Eugene Reid
 For seats dD)H Andy Andrews An chorage William Brown Conroy Anch W Graham Anc Mike Gravel spenard Perry Green Anch Jennings Anch Charles Herbert Anch; Hisrand Kngel Anch Peter Laate Long Eagle River Moore spenard Moran Anc Homer Moseley Anch James Norene Anch Claude pau Anch M sekregg Anch Bill Sheffield Anch John Simmons Anc Asop Anch George c Anderson Anc Thomas A Fink, Anch Marjorie G. Fitzpatrick Anch Ralph Foster Jonathan Kendall Anch Bennie Leonard Anch Keith Miller, Anch Fsaa 4 oy an m Ans sads am Ans Gerald Jack R Simpson Aneh Harold sandberg, Anch Thomas Wharton, Anch; Jack H. White, Anch; William Wggins
 D-Raph E. Hidder Seward Fo-chaTles Cole ST. Seward; F Griffin, Seward Bucd
 For state House. District Fields Sterling; Yue Klcher Homer Francis Mullen sodona; Allan
 Tor State House District Deveau Kodiak GilpeIt A Javela Kodiak Charles Weir Kodiak A
 seal, Charles j. Franz, Port
 For Casperson Nk- ro stsis ess n s c Christian Bethel Edwards, Brink Kasiglul Howard " Elliott, Bethel
 For stafe House District Is Il Dart Manley es sp!ass James q gtGa Husa Grant H Peagsoa nsnana Harris Mercer Lsnits Quentin . Gualle Nenana Berry A. Stone, McCrath
 For state District D-Eugene Brazeau Farbank Thomas Covn Fbks Johnny Coonjohn Fb net A. Garrison Fbks; James M Hende Fbks; Chicken Edmund N Orbeck Fbks Donald P Fbks Philip Jr, Fbks Urban Rahoi Fbks Robert Sheldon Taylor Fbks; Gray lilly, Baggen Ebks Forbes T. Baker Fbks M Bnley, Fbks belle PTdy Braha Fbs Cliff Fbks Fort Yukon; Andrew Edge. Fbks Henger Fbks Hon Fbks; Harry E Merrhnan Fbks; Maurice Smith,
 For State House. District IT xebue; Jacob Stalker Kotzehue ohn E. cis ST.
 For State House. District 8 On-Grace A. Johnson.
 Slate Johnson monak. R1-No candidate.
The Nome nugget., 1962-05-11

First specific Mothers Day in the United States was not popu- lar success. Miss Mary Towles Sasseen, Henderson, Ky, school teacher, began holding annual ex- ercises to honor mothers in 1887.
, 1962-09-29
LAND DEAL

IS Acres for $4,000. Suitable for
dsvelopment. includes beach.
rights. 10 years to pay.
Sven Andefson Really
CRAFTSMANSHIP Sow
, 1962-09-29
CONVERTED sUGAAMILL

Comprising . bedrooms. 2 baths.
kitchen and living room. Sep
arate guest house. tool room
and garage. Numerous fruit
trees on 5 acres. 10000 terms.
Sven Anderson Realty
cHRISTIANSTED Sow
Navajo times., 1962-05-16
Girls OUf-Donced Boys
At Shiprock Hobby Show

The Shiprock Boarding School
hoSted an annual Guidance Depart
ment Hobby Show on May /, for
which most of the school turned
out, with cordial invitation to the
public to see the performances.
The young entertainers (all girls
dance team) who appeared at the
Gallup Indian Community Center
during a recent Seventh Annual
Amateur Arts and Crafts Contest
on April 10, won first place award
in the programs with their version
of the Sac-Fox tribal belt dance.
The group were representing their
Dorm-Three, and were sponsored
by Lucinda YazZie.
The boys dance team from
Dorm-One took second place with
their yer sion of the famous Eagle
Navajo times., 1962-05-16
Ft. Defiance
Sub-Agency
4-HCIub
Winners

The following are winners from
the Fort Defiance Sub Agency in
the recent Reservation wide All
Annual Contest held at Shiprock,
New Mexico, May As.
Blue Ribbon Winners and win
ners of All Jackets Jackets do
mated by the Navajo TribeE
From Fl. Defiance: Katherine
Dohozy, Public Speaking: Thomas
Kontz, Public Speaking: Dinah
Dohozy, Clothing Demonstration;
Sharon Ashcroft, Talent; Eva
Dahozy, Dress Revue.
Blue Ribbon winners only: Janet
N. Benally and Laura McCammon.
Dress Revue. Red Ribbon: Beverly
YaZhe, Apron.
HolbrOok:
Alyce Brown, Blue Ribbon anG
Jacket, Effie Kanuho. Blue Ribbon.
Greasewood: This group also
won red ribbon for talent-square
dancing) Marilyn McCrath, Blue
Ribbon. Clothing: Jean Gamble,
Red Ribbon, Clothing: Venora
YaZzie, Red Ribbon. Clothing.
Mexican Springs: Rea Sours.
Blue Ribbon, Foods: Arlene Be-
cent?, Blue Ribbon, Foods: Flea
nor Bitsie, Red Ribbon. Clothing:
Barbara Jean Bitsie, White Rib
bon, Clothing: Edgar Birsoie Jr.,
Red Ribbon, Leathercraft.
Navajo times., 1962-05-16

dance and were sponsored by Man
uel Benally.
The third place award went to
the dancers from Dorm-FiVe, who
did the Shield dance, sponsored by
Joe Schunkamolah.
The programs were judged on
poise, enunc iatiOn, costumes,
originality, organization and PLAN
ming, pupil development advantage.
and interest and enthusiasm for
activity. The Arts and Crafts were
judged for creative ability, color
coordination, balance, originality,
and pupil development advantage.
The Grand Ava rd was presented
to Dorm-Six for rachng up the
most requiredpoints ontheir hobby
exhibits and programs.
1t was evident that both the
pupils and the sponsors did put
The Lincoln times., 1962-09-13
Hurricane Season

Continued From Page 1-A)
lull in the wind lasting from a few
minutes to half an hour or more.
Stay in a safe place, make emer-
gency repairs during the lull if
necessary, but remember the wind
will return suddenly from the op-
posite direction, frequently with
even greater violence.
BE CALM
Last, but most important = be
calm! Your ability to meet emer-
gencies will inspire and help 9th
erS.
After passage of the hurricane,
the following safety measures will
prove valuable:
Seek medical care at the Red
Cross disaster station or hospitals
for persons injured during the
storm.
Don't touch loose or dangling
wires. Report such damage to the
light and power company, or near
est police officer. .,..s
Report broken sewer or wafer
mains to the water department.
Guard against spoiled food in
mechanical refrigerators if pow
er has been off any length of time.
Unless you are qualified to rem
der valuable emergency assistance,
stay away from disaster areas
where you may hamper first aid
or rescue work.
Drive automobiles cautiously.
Debris-filled streets are dangerous,
Sn keen your eyes on the road.
Along the coast soil may be wash
ed from beneath the pavement,
which may collapse under the
weight of vehicles.
Be alert to prevent fires. Low
cred water pressure makes fire
fighting difficult after storms.
Take down shutters and save the
lumber. Store in a handy place for
future use.
The Lincoln times., 1962-09-13
Vale Woman

Continued From Page 1-A)
ter-claim sought property damages
of $740.
After hearing evidence in the
case since Thursday of last week,
the jury deliberated only rs min
utes before returning its verdict
Monday afternoon.
1t found that Mrs. Rogers was
not injured or damaged by the
negligence of the bottling COM
pany or its driver, George Elbert
Smith of Caldwell County, and
that she, by her own negligence
contributed to her injury and dam
age as alleged in the firms ans
wer to her complaint. AS a result,
the jury awarded no damages to
Mrs Rogers. 1t further found
that the property of the corpora
ton was damaged by the neligen-
ce of Mrs. Rogers as the firm had
alleged in its counter-claim.
Evidence in the action tended
to show that Mrs. Rogers sought
to turn off the Old Shelby high
way in the path of the approach
ing soft drink truck Testimony
revolved around the distance OF
the truck from the car when Mrs.
Rogers sought to make the turn.
The Lincoln times., 1962-09-13
AWARDS TO BE GIVEN

Announcement was made today
by Duke Power Company of pro-
gram designed to recognize its
farm customers who achieve great
er efficiency by means of an all
electric operation.
The all-electric farm awards
program will become effective at
once, it was pointed out by James
L. Hallman, Duke Power Co SUI
pervisor of the company's Lincoln
ton branch office on N. Aspen st.
Awards to farmers who quail
fly include a custOmized, attrac.
tive metal outdoor farm sign
and framed certificate. In ad-
ditiOn, the farmers will be hon.
Ored at an awards banquet.
The banquet will be held early
each year for farmers qualifying
during the preceding year. Duke
Powers agricultural engineers
will inspect and determine if eli
gible applicants meet the pro-
grams specifications.
General requirements call for:
the farm residence to qualify for
Duke Powers all-electric rate, the
farm wiring and lighting to meet
prescribed standards, the farm wa
ter system to be adequate, and
electricity to be used for all farm
needs when practical.
In addition, there are some re-
quirements covering specific types
of farms.
Complete details on the pro-
gram may be obtained from any
Duke Power office, Mr.. Hallman
said.
w. B. Mcclure of Charlotte,
Duke Power President, in COM
menting on the All-Electric pro-
gram, said:
"This program is a continue.
tiOn Of our long established pol.
icy of working CLOSELY with farm
families in helping them obtain
the maximum benefits from their
electric service.
The Lincoln times., 1962-09-13
New Equipment
continued From Page LAY

Continued From Page 1-A)
made in the light of the new
Colored Recreation Center near
Oaklawn School which will soon
be opened.
The committee is composed Of:
Leroy Magnus, chairman; A. G.
Holland, Mrs. A. G. Holland, R. P.
Hayes, Mrs. Dorothy Link, Leon
ard Holloway, Mrs. Leonard Hol-
loway, Mrs. William Ellis, Mrs.
Martha Avery, Robert Holloway
and Mrs. Robert Holloway.
In other action, the board in
structed the town clerk and town
attorney to study the case of
Jack Shuford's sewer line which
was said to be in state of dis
repair and to see what legal steps
can be taken.
The board also voted to approve
the purchase of winter uniform
shirts for policemen.
The Lincoln times., 1962-09-13
Former Lincoln
Resident Dies;
Funeral Friday

Emmit Cody, 40, died Tuesday
in Pompano Beach, Fla.
Mr.. Cody was born in Lincoln
County Oct. 20, 1912, the son of
the late Silas Cody and Maggie
Schronce Cody.
The funeral will be held Friday
at $3.50 pm. in the Reepsville Bap-
tist Church. The body will lie in
state 80 minutes prior to the
service and burial will be, in the
church cemetery.
Surviving are his wife, Winnie
Cody; five daughters, Mrs. Nadene
Peeler of Ft. Lauderdale, Fla,
Mrs. w. D. Jackson of Margate,
Fla, Miss Rebecca Cody, Miss