davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-09-10
condid Sky Comerc

A Star story tells Of 40
photographs reported to have
been presented to the Federal
Aviation Agency by the pilots
buddies. the flight engineers.
Pictured were airliners being
flown by sleeping pilots, by
no pilots, but q hostess, etc.
All this may not be very
reassuring to the public. pos
sibly because Of an error in
timing. Had this come up
when the FAA was allowing
the public to be frightened
by the specter Of pilots heart
attacks (only the older ones.
that is) all sides might have
been working to better un-
derstanding.
The FAA could have used
the evidence" to show an
alarmed public that-given
an automatic pilot and q
flight engineer Tor hostess)
who would be handy with an
autopilot-k and q camera
most Of the time 1t wouldn't
make much difference II both
pilots dropped dead.
Vive Ia avion.
Robert Z. Trimble.
Evening star., 1962-09-10

pIoyment rate even though the number
Of jobless dropped. Actually, admins
tration spokesmen have referred to an
unemployed rate of per cent as being
compatible with their target Of "rea-
sonably full employment" For a total
work force of 1895 900. this rate would
mean about million jobIess.
Although on all counts these latest
figures are substantially better than
comparative ones for a year earlier,
there is the disquieting possibility that
once more the residue Of chronic unem-
ployment after a recession will hold at
higher -than-previous level. After the
1854 recession, for example, unemploy-
ment flattened out at about per cent,
and after the 1858 recession the jobless
rate settled at about per cent. The
average this year has been about SIS
per cent. The statistics pose a chal-
lenge, but the answers are far harder
to discern.
Evening star., 1962-09-10
Not q Byrd Man

- Representative Joel Broyhill has re-
peatedly carried the Tenth District be-
cause he has been able to hold the
Republican vote and also pick up the
votes Of a substantial number of con-
servative or Byrd Democrats. His OPP
ponent this year, Augustus c. Johnson,
thinks he has found a way to crack this
winning combination.
Mr.. Johnson says poll has indi-
Gated he will have a good chance to
win If he publicly disavows the Byrd
machine" and all its works. The theory
apparently is that this would attract
the votes of liberal Republicans.
Well, in politics as in all things,
every man is entitled to his own opinion.
It might be pointed out, however, that
Mr., Johnson will be running against
Mr.. Broyhill, not against Senator Byrd.
And our guess is that his public disa-
vowal Of Senator Byrd will merely serve
TO increase the margin of Mr.. Broyhill's
victory.
Evening star., 1962-09-10

A 19-day, all-expenses-paid tour of
six countries In the Mediterranean area
sounds like fine holiday award to most
desk-bound Washingtonians, govern
mental or otherwise. We hope, in fact,
that 1t has been so for the Lyndon john
sons-the Vice President, Lady Bird and
Linda Bird.
At the same time, news coverage on
the johnson trip made 1t clear that the
tireless Texan was working hard at pre-
senting an American image Of informal
ity, friendlinesS and understanding. 1t
is, no doubt, risky to attempt any evalu-
alton Of this sort of person to-person
exercise In diplomacy-and the diff
Guilty Is compounded in a part Of the
world where mass communication Is
sometimes primitive by Western stand
ards and acquaintance with a typical
American personality is relatively slight.
Many who saw Mr.. Johnson may not
have known exactly who he was, but
few could have been unaware that he
was there as friend from America.
AS for other aspects of his travel
his talks with government leaders in
Iran, Turkey and Greece, for example
there is reason to believe that the Vice
Presidents presentation of the official
United States viewpoint on matters Of
mutual interest assuredly has its values.
With all of these countries, adjustments
currently are being made in the nature
Of American assistance. There is, how
ever, no change in our fundamental mo-
tivation Of respect for their problems,
the efforts each is making to solve
them, and our intent to preserve rela-
tionships that have been meaningful
throughout the post World War II
period. This was Mr.. Johnson's basic
message, and those who received it
should feel reassured that he brought
1t to them in person.
Evening star., 1962-09-10

The nomination OF Thurgood Mar
shall as Federal Circuit Judge was, of
course, highly charged with political
considerations. Consequently, It is not
surprising that the progress Of this nom
ination through the Senate has been
slow and tortuous.
After a long delay, however, the
Senate Judiciary Committee, by vote
OF ii to 4, has favorably reported the
nomination to the Senate. Doubtless
this means that after a Spate of speech
making there will be Senate vote on
the nomination, and 1t almost certainly
will be favorable.
AS counsel for the National ASSo-
citation for the Advancement Of Colored
People, Mr.. Marshall was an ardent and
often caustic partisan. The most seri-
GUS specific complaint against him was
that he had said: when we colored
folks take over, every time white man
draws breath he'll have to pay fine"
This, certainly, is not typical of Mr..
Marshall's frame Of mind, and the man
who was the source of the quotation
says it was remark made in a spirit
of ''mordant humor."
The fact remains, Of course, that
Mr.. Marshall has been an articulate and
vigorous partisan in behalf of his race.
But other men who have been ardent
partisans in various causes have been
nominated and confirmed for places on
the Federal courts. This will be true, we
are sure, Of the Marshall nomination,
and we expect that, after confirmation,
he viii function as Federal Judge, not
as former counsel for the NAACP, or,
for that matter, as a partisan of any
other organization.
Evening star., 1962-09-10
Just in Case

Although there appears to be no i'm
minent national emergency as regards
Cuba or Berlin, Nikita KhruShchev's
craftsmanship in both places land else
where as welD continues to keep our
world on tenterhookS. As result, with
global tensions mounting instead Of
abating, the explosive possibilities in
herent in the situation fully warrant
President Kennedy's request to Congress
for standby authority to mobilize 10000
military reServiSts between now and the
end Of next February.
At the moment, of course, the
chances seem to be that no mobilization
of this kind will be necessary. But we
are living In rather unpredictable and
altogether dangerous age In which none
of us can be sure-from morning to
night or from today to tomorrow
whether the Kremlin Is prepared to ac-
cept the frightful risk Of precipitating
hot war by testing Americas will too
much, too far, too insolently, to a point
of irrepressible explosion, in Just such
center of recurrent crisis as Berlin, or
perhaps even in the Sovietized home
land Of the grievously betrayed and op-
pressed Cuban people.
In these circumstances, as the lead
ers Of both houses have been quick to
indicate, Congress can be counted upon
to give speedy and overwhelming bipar-
tisan approval to Mr.. Kennedy'S request.
True, the power to call 10000 members
of the Ready Reserve to active duty adds
nothing immense to the great regular
American forces already serving, in
combat status, here at home and around
the world. Nevertheless the Presidents
readiness to issue such call, with full
congressional backing, should help to
make clear to the Kremlin that the
United States intends to stand firm and
yield no ground wherever its vital In
terests are concerned, In Cuba, Berlin
or anywhere.
II Premier Khrushchev and his COL
leagues in Moscow think otherwise, they
are deluding themselves with a misap-
prehension and miscalculation that
could lead to the most terrible conse-
quenceS both for themselves and the
general peace of mankind. Certainly
they would be well advised not to under
estimate the neutrality-suspicious.
and practical alike-of Mr.. Kennedy's
latest message to Congress.
Evening star., 1962-09-10
BroyhiH on Riqhts

Recently the House COM
pleted It's action on the pro-
posed amendment to the
Constitution to prohibit the
use Of poll taxes in Federal
elections. The amendment
was approved by a vote of 295
to 86. It is with pleasure that
/ take cognizance Of the fact
that Joel T. Broyhill, our Re-
publican Congressman from
the 10th district Of virginia,
voted in favor of the amend
ment.
1t must be remembered
that this amendment deals
only with the elimination Of
poll taxes in Federal elec-
tions, and leaves to the indi-
vidual States the decision
concerning poll taxes for
state and local elections. The
amendment does not enforce
changes in purely State and
local matters, nor is such en-
forcement intended.
The principle Of the Fed
eral Government leaving to
the individual States that
which is purely a State mat
ter, and providing instruction
In those matters which are of
Federal concern, has always
been one of the primary
principles Of the Republican
philosophy of Government. I
congratulate the Congress-
man on his Nte for the
amendment.
Henry o. Lampe.
Evening star., 1962-09-10

With election time not far
off. 1t seems the proper time
for the voters to tell the
candidates what they want
In the way Of performance
and policy.
Foremost in my voters
platform would be q demand
for reduced spending and
taxation. the former to pre-
cede the latter. A 10 to 20
per cent cut in both would
satisfy me, as O voter, for
the immediate future.
Then / should like some
kind Of stability returned to
the American dollar to make
planning for retirement less
hazardous than at present.
This must come sooner or
later, so 1t Is better that we
do 1t ourselves on our own
terms than to have it dictated
by those nations to whom
we have given our substance.
Constant initiation is not
growth; 1t is merely erosion
brought about by overspend-
ing. And in time. II this so
year orgy Of spending Is not
reversed, our growth" will
become a collapse Of such
proportions as we have never
before witnessed.
I should like my candidate
to be pledged to restoring
constitutional government
with the proper relationship
between the branches Of gov
ernment. Congress should
make the laws for the execu-
tive and judicial branches to
carry out, not the reverse.
In my platform there is
provision for returning power
to the States aha communi-
ties where public servants are
under closer scrutiny by the
voters and where funds can
be spent without paying for
a round-trip via Washington.
Another plank would pro-
vide for the appointment Of
Federal court judges from
courts in States in which
they are to serve; and Su-
preme Court Justices from
State supreme courts, each
to represent q definite geo.
graphic section.
I would ask adoption Of the
so-called liberty amendment.
This would eliminate all
Government corporations
Evening star., 1962-09-10
Unemployment Challenge

The latest employment statistics,
for August, belong in what President
Kennedy recently described as the
mixed batch" of mid-1962 economic
indicators. Every major figure" Deputy
Assistant Secretary of Labor Seymour
Wolfbein told news conference, went
contrary to seasonal expectations"
For example: The civilian work
force, which was expected to drop by
736,000 as teenagers left the labor mar
ket to await reopening Of schools, rose
instead by $4,000 to 73,695,000 En-
ployment, expected to show a tradi-
tional August drop, this year by 27S,O00,
increased enthusiastically by 10000
to record total of 69,762,000 Unem-
ployment, instead of It's anticipated
drop of 100000, fell off by only $4,000
bringing the unemployed total down
to 3,932,OO0, but jumping the seasonally
adjusted rate from 5.3 per cent in July
to 5.S per cent in August.
Two unusual" factors were ad-
vanced in partial explanation for the
"freakiSh" figures. One was that the
mid-August count was taken in the
week when the automobile industry
was partly shut down for change
to production of new models IAN opera
ton that does not fall every year in
the same August week. The other was
an Unexpectedly large number of women
listed as unemployed in mid-August
though committed TO jobs as school
teachers in September.
Whatever the technical explana-
tions, however, there is reason for dis
appointment at the adjusted unem-
Evening star., 1962-09-10
WATCHING THE WORLD
Gen. De GouIIe's orocuIor Ambiguity

long-expreSSed dislike lof an
American dominated mill
tary command in Europe or
his determination to keep thf
bulk Of French forces undes
national control. There was
in fact. more than = hint in
his speech In Hamburg that
Franco-German military CO.
operation will provide the
ultimate substitute for the
present reliance on American
power.
No Outright Merger
Equally certainly, however,
De Gaulle is not suggesting
an organic cooperation"
along the lines envisaged by
the architects Of the still
born European Defense Com
munity. Anything but an in
tegrationist, Gen. de Gaulle
would be the last to propose
an outright merger Of ma
tional defense forces to form
the nucleus Of an all-Euro-
pean army Of the future.
When it comes to the ques-
ton of nuclear armaments,
the details become even more
fuzzy. Gen. de Gaulle, in
fact. did not even mention
nuclear weapons.
THE planning and crea-
ton Of armaments today" he
said, demand. in order to be
efficacious that scienti-
fic, technical, industrial and
financial means and capaci-
ties be brought into play, and
their scope Is growing wider
every day. France and Ger
many can better assure
themselves the means of
power by combining their
capabilities"
Here again the General In
probably proposing Ia one
sense more and in another
sense less than he seems to
be proposing.
Despite official disclaimers
in Paris over the week end
the statement almost Ger
tainly amounts to an invita-
ton to the Germans to con-
tribute their scientific, tech
nical. industrial and finan-
cial" share In the French eff
fort to develop . national nu-
clear armament. It almost
certainly does not mean that
Gen. de Gaulle Is proposing
to give Germany control OF
nuclear weapons once they
are built or q voice In their
use except within the Frame
work Of overall Franco
German military co-opera-
ton.
What emerges from this
revolutionary-s talk,
then. is all vague and tenta-
tive enough. For the time
being. so far as Gen. de
Gaulle Is concerned, 1t is only
necessary TO turn things in
the right direction and give
them q brisk oratorical
shove. In the style Of the
man. the details can be filled
in later when the specula-
ton has run its course. when
the reaction has taken form
and when the general has
had time to make up his
mind.
Evening star., 1962-09-10
LETTERS TO THE STAR

been setting prices, as If they
were entitled to an average
profit latter paying high
wages and after taxes) Of
1870 per cent on invested
capital. They call this
"target-rate -of-return pri-
cling" 1t is the same cost
plus system Of pricing used
in the public utilities. There
q government regulatory
commission determines the
proper rate Of return, but
apparently Mr.. Blough would
like to have this right extend
ed to companies. like the
U. s. Steel Corporation, and
the corner grocery, too. only
the latter couldn't make 1t
stick.
Sidney KOretx
Evening star., 1962-09-10
Aid forAaed

Now that the medicare bill
has been defeated, q substi-
tute is needed. Here are some
suggestions:
Give retired persons ex-
emption from all income
tax. excise tax and sales tax.
Permit the retired person
to make all he can.
Many retired persons are
healthy and capable of earn
ingi a good sum. They prefer
to work, and are happy do
ing so. 1t is always better to
allow q man to provide for
himself. Why should he wait
until the age of ~ to be able
to earn all that he can7
Stop giving billions to buy
the friendship Of other ma
tions. and use the money to
help the old folks who are
in need. They certainly de-
serve it. il anyone does, since
they have already contrib
uted so much to our society.
Proper Investigation could be
made before funds are allot-
ted.
Arthur II. Woods.
Phoenix, Ariz.
Evening star., 1962-09-10
News Analyst

On August 81, Inc SC8r
printed q brief news item on
page "A, headed "Pharma-
cists Had Thalidomide Pills;
seemingly innocuous and ap-
parently Of little import, it
was almost obscured by con-
tiguous, lengthier items bear
ing heads in much bolder
type. II my Interpretation
Of the apocalyptic signifi-
canoe Of this intelligence is
correct. this item should have
been displayed more promi-
nently.
The story revealed that the
Food and Drug Administra-
tion in its search for thalido-
mide had discovered q few
tablets on the shelves of drug
stores in Missouri and
Nebraska. In q puerile at
tempt to explain this. q
spokesman for the FDA
naively stated that this pal
pable anomaly is not illegal
inasmuch as a physician
investigator" Is allowed to
"entrust" q pharmacist with
investigational drugs to be
used subsequently upon pres
entation of q doctors pre-
seription. This statement (if
true) Is tantamount to q
tacit admission that the Food
and Drug Administration. an
agency Of the United States
Government. openly condones
putative collusion between
pharmacists and physicians
concomitant with potential
rebates or 'kick-backs." If
so, the situation Is astound-
ing to say the least. It
would be extremely interest
ing to learn the reactions Of
competitive pharmaceutical
houses who sell to the same
druggists, at wholesale. sim
liar drugs. Are the wholesale
prices on a par with those
charged by the doctor or are
they higher? As q corollary,
1t is not too fantastic to Wis
ualize q somewhat similar CO.
relationship between the local
mortician and the local doc
tor. In any event. the FDA
spokesman's use of the term
"entrust" Is at best an inept
euphemism attempting to
disguise the more felicitous
and opprobrious word CON
sign" with its obvious. COM
mercial connotations. What
ever happened to the Hippo
cratic oath?
Robert r. Dearduff
Evening star., 1962-09-10
Business Profits

Roger M. Blough, chair
man Of the board. U. s. Steel
Corp, In the September 2
This Week Magazine, says
that "some in government do
not seem to understand the
function Of profits" Some
businessmen don't either.
Mr.. Elouah fails to associate
profits with free competition
within the productive Sec
tor" to which he applies the
euphemisna, business COM
munity." He mentions COM
petition only in speaking Of
"the competitive potential Of
our Nation" forgetting that
he has just told us that
business" consists Of "al-
most five million units vary
ing In size from AT6T to the
corner grocery" Since no
centralized agency makes the
economic decisions, these
must be regulated by the
competitive efforts of five
million different concerns to
maximize that many profit
goals. The profit Of the
whole country" which Mr..
Blough talks about and for
which he wants cooperation
between government and
business Is something else. It
is the legitimacy Of private
profit which distinguishes
our capitalists system from
that in the Soviet Union.
which also seeks "the profit
Of the whole country"
Here's the way Prof. David
McCord Wright (The Key
nesian system, Millar Lee
tures) explains the function
Of profits: I'VE can think Of
the economic system as
corresponding roughly to q
perpetual election to decide
what shall be produced.
Money Is the votes. Adver-
tising Is the campaign lit
erature. and the election re-
turns. determining what
shall be produced and what
not, are profit and loss. II
people want more, say, BIZ
cycles. they will stop buying
certain other goods and
spend more money on BIZ
cycles. Profits In the bicycle
business viii 60 UP and more
bicycles will tend to be made.
Profits in other lines will
have fallen and labor viii be
switched out of those other
lines into bicycle making. OF
course, this is a much over
simplified account. Never
theless it does give the es-
sential mechanism of ad-
justment in a free exchange
or market system"
Business is not entitled to
q certain level Of profits as q
form of contractual income.
But some businesses have
Evening star., 1962-09-10
Opinion of Kennedys

A recent article in the
Saturday Evening Post by
Bobby" Kennedy. the junior
Attorney General Of the
United States. is headed "The
World Needs the Truth About
America" The article carried
a picture Of the young Attor-
ney General on q platform
looking across the Berlin
Wall and is captioned: "Au-
thor Kennedy examines the
Workers Paradise across the
Berlin Wall"
I was in Berlin on August
Is, the first anniversary Of
the wall. / witnessed rioting
and made inquiries Of the
people on the West side of
the wall as to their attitude
toward the Kennedys-all Of
them. Their attitude was not
good.
The Kennedys are looked
upon as being soft; that's
right, soft. very soft, on
communism and judging from
our experience with the Ken
nedys up to now. the West
Berliners have intelligently
appraised the Kennedys. They
are soft" on communism.
The record supports that
conclusion.
George z. stringfellOw.
East Orange, N. j.
Evening star., 1962-09-10

= ALAAO-
Ever since his famous 81
have understood you" to the
people Of Algiers In 1858. an
oracular ambiguity has been
the hallmark of Charles de
Gaulle's public utterances.
One is left with. the i'm
preston that the general at
all times understands every
thing and everyone. And the
other side Of the coin-as
the people of Algiers subse-
quently discovered-is that
no one at any time can be
very sure Of understanding
Gen. de Gaulle.
All Of this is by way Of
essential preface to any in
depreciation that can be
made Of the generals latest
public remerks at the Windup
Of his highly successful Ger
man junket.
1t may seem that what he
had to say about the future
Of Franco-German co-opera-
ton in the military field has,
in the present context, q
meaning 50 manifest that
anyone can understand 1t.
It may also seem that what
he had to say has the most
serious implications for the
United States and the West
ern alliance as q whole. And
yet the inevitable antiquities
and the inevitable doubts
remain.
Logical Extension
From what he said it is
clear enough that to Gen.
de Gaulle military coopera-
ton between France and
Germany Is q logical extern
sien Of cooperation in the
economic and political fields.
It Il part Of the general
movement Of the world"
which leads France and
Germany to understand that
they are "in every way COM
Elementary" to each other.
And that ''by fusing together
what they are and what they
amount to they can form the
base Of q Europe whose pros
perity, power and prestige
viii be equal to those Of
anybody"
The vision itself has never
been brighter and more
crystal clear. It is in details
Of how 1t may be realized that
the characteristic fuzziness
begins to reappear.
The aim, one Is told, Is to
achieve "one and the same
defense" against the common
threat presented by Soviet
Russia. This calls for an
organic cooperation" Of the
two armies similar to the
organic cooperation required
in the political and economic
fields.
All Of this must be In
terpreted In terms Of cur
rent 0aullist doctrine.
Whatever organic Coop
Grafton" may mean, It quite
certainly does not mean the
kind Of organic cooperation
that already exists within the
unified command Of NATO.
Gen. de Gaulle has not re-
treated an inch from his