davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-01-28
Bold Action

"At rare moments in the life
of this Nation an opportunity
comes along to fashion out of
the confusion of current events
a clear and bold action to show
the world what it is we stand
for. Such an opportunity is be-
fore us now. This bill, by en-
abling us to strike a bargain
with the Common Market, will
strike a blow for freedom"
President Kennedy, in His Message
to Congress on Trade and Tariffs.
Evening star., 1962-01-28
Space:
Postponed

Americas first man-in- orbit
shot was postponed yesterday
because Of poor visibility. The
Ranger moon rocket, fired Fri
day, will miss its target.
"The sky is low, the clouds are
mean :"
So wrote Emily Dickinson and
there were millions of Americans
huddled around their television
and radio sets yesterday during
the countdown at Cape Canaveral
who realized the poet Of a more
leisurely age is also value in the
space age.
An unexpected low cloud cover
thick and stationary-blanketed
Americas big space base and
forced postponement of our first
attempt to put man into orbit
of the earth. Sufficient visibility
for optical tracking is a require
ment of the program.
1t. Gel. John H. Glenn, jr.,
USMC, had sat strapped in the
Mercury capsule for four hours
when the project leaders decided to
scrub the shot. Another attempt
may be made this week.
Evening star., 1962-01-28
THE FOREIGN SCENE
Does Punishment
Work on Nations?

The United States last week
urged the rest Of the Organiza-
ton Of American States to take
strong action against Com
munist Cuba.
Several leading Latin cOun-
tries, however, were reluctant to
support the American stand as
the OAS foreign ministers
meeting nears its completion.
What is known about Cuba to-
day was known in August, 1860,
when the OAS foreign ministers
held their last meeting in San
Jose, Costa Rica.
The Declaration of San Jose,
issued at the close of that meet
ing
Rejects the attempt of the
Sino-Soviet powers to make use
Of the political, economic or social
situation of any American state,
inasmuch as that attempt is
capable Of destroying hemisphere
unity and jeopardizing the peace
and the security of the hemi-
Shpere.
"Reaffirms that the Inter-
American system is incompatible
with any form of totalitarianism."
Cuba was not mentioned by
name, but it was thoroughly un-
derstood that the declaration was
intended as a sharp rebuke to
Cuban Premier Fidel Castro for
accepting Soviet military aid, and
threatening the rest of the hemi-
sphere with his Red agents.
Evening star., 1962-01-28

ment bill, with four Democrats
joining a solid Republican COM
plement of five members, led
quickly to ock-'em, SOCK 'em
political warfare.
Asked about the Rules Commit
tee defeat at his news conference,
the President said he would sub
init the plan to Congress under
his Government reorganization
powers, which provide that unless
one Of the two houses of Congress
votes against the proposal within
go days, it takes effect auto
matically,
Evening star., 1962-01-28

Latin American trade goes to
Cuba.
The sanctions, themselves how
ever, it is argued, would serve to
isolate Cuba in the community
of American nations and make
it's Red affiliation even more OBJ
viouS.
The OAS ministers have served
as jury all week. They have
heard a moving speech by Mr..
Rusk, a dramatic defense by
Cuban President Dorticos, and
moderating speeches from the
seven major countries that still
have diplomatic relations with
Cuba-Mexico, Brazil, Argentina,
Bolivia, Ecuador, Uruguay and
Chile.
Basically, these "moderating"
forces believe that any collective
action against Cuba will be more
harmful than beneficial. They
argue that economic and diplo-
matte sanctions will not cause
Cuba to give up communism.
Evening star., 1962-01-28
Soviet Support

These diplomatic and economic
sanctions would not crush Cuba
since she is being amply supported
by the Sino-Soviet bloc. In fact,
only seven Latin countries still
. have diplomatic relations with
Havana, and less than per cent
Evening star., 1962-01-28
Political Row

The vote in the Rules Commit
tee on the Urban Affairs Depart
Evening star., 1962-09-23
Decision on Slabs

The giant slab" design of the pro-
posed Franklin Delano Roosevelt Me-
mortal, slated to reach the floor of the
House for approval or disapproval with
in the next several days, may not pre-
cipitate the most significant debate Of
thessession. But it certainly should pro-
duce the most heated. '
For this is an issue involving taste,
where there is no middle ground. Critics
of the design, and there are many, have
eft no epithet unturned in expressing
their dislike Of the towering, concrete
tablets. It's champions, and there are
many. have been no less emphatic in
their praiSe-and their diSdain for the
eSthetic iliterates (they feeD who dis
agree with them. Members Of the House
Administration Committee, who had to
decide whether to pass the issue along
to the House, did so by the whopping
majority of IL to 10.
Our opinion of the design has been
expressed before We think 1t is awful
mainly, as the Fine Arts Commission
has said, because it would be hard to
imagine an architectural creation more
strikingly incongruous in the setting Of
West Potomac Park. There is no dis
agreement as to the desirability of a
fitting memorial to Franklin Roosevelt
in that lovely section of park, but surely
the Roosevelt Commission can do better.
The Senate, it should be noted, has
not Lifted finger thus far in regard
to the proposed design. Asked why, one
House member ventured the opinion
that they were probably holding up in
the hope that we would kill it off over
here" We hope so, too.
Evening star., 1962-09-23
Good News for FBI

For nearly 5000 FBI employees in
Washington, it is welcome news that a
Senate-House conference has agreed
on $12-million appropriation to launch
new and much-needed building on
Pennsylvania avenue. With good cause,
the confereeS saw the necessity for
uniting all elements of this vital agency
under one roof. AS efficient as it is,
even the FBI-Spread-eagled over six
Washington locationS-iS handicapped
at times when minutes are precious.
We hope Congress and especially the
House will recognize this, and vote the
funds that will give the FBI It's new
building and also give Pennsylvania
avenue of certain face lifting.
Evening star., 1962-09-23
FROM THE STAR FILES.
so Years Ago

Actress Sarah Bernhardt
took a dim view of women
participating in politics when
she was interviewed in Lon
don so years ago. The Star
of September %, 1912, quoted
her: II am prejudiced for art,
it is true, because politics
offers nothing worth while to
the nature of woman. The
vote, yes; that might we'll be
allowed to women, for it is
really ridiculous to see a
great artist debarred from
voting while a man who
knows nothing above sweep,
ing a staircase is allowed the
franchise. The modern wom-
an is an increasing power all
over the world, and there are
many openings where she
might WELD a divine influ-
ence. The temper of men diff
fers much from that of wom-
en-. The latter are charming,
but they do not create any
compact enthusiasm in an
audience. Men are chiefly re-
Sponsible for enthusiastic au-
dienceS, and it is the same
thing in politics. Voting does
not mean real politics and
cabinets and parliaments are
better without women. Art,
literature and the drama are
living and passionate, and
that is where women are
needed at their finest. :"
Evening star., 1962-09-23

Every lover Of freedom rejoiced in
learning that 20 more East Germans
had escaped from their oppreSSors by
burrowing under the hated wall and
joining forces with the West. The ruse
was particularly rewarding because the
number OF escapes was the largest
despite intensified security measures
since the wall went up Is months ago.
But it would have been better for
all concerned had the fugitives kept
the triumph to themselves. Even had
1t IN time leaked out, the repercussions
would not have been so violent. nor the
damage so great, as they turned out to
be.
After rains and flooding had de-
Stroyed the tunnels usefulness. an
agent OF the escapes announced the
flight at press conference. But that
wasn't all. In an act certain to inflame
East German police and soldiers, the
news was broadcast over the wall
ThuS, 1t was hardly surprising that
the duped East German forces, stung
by the tauntS, engaged West police in
a tear gas battle, heightening tensions
IN an already explosive area. Whatever
the motive-propaganda, braggadocio,
or an earnest desire to lift the hearts of
other East Germans-the question
arises Who profited by such tactics?
Surely not the other prisoners of the
communists who, in probing for weak
nesses IN the wall, will find their task
none the easier as result of sharper
police surveillance
Evening star., 1962-09-23
A Just RuIinq

1t will be sad day in this country
when people are fined or sent to jail for
failing to do that which they are power
less to do-even though Federal court
has ordered them to do it. Justice may
be blind, but surely it is not that blind.
Involved, of course, is the fight over
admission of James Meredith to the Uni
versity of Mississippi When Mr.. Mere
dith attempted to register he was turned
away by Governor Ross Barnett, who
had been appointed by the State College
Board as acting registrar.
The Department of Justice, how
ever, chose to proceed against the
University's Chancellor, its Dean and its
regular Registrar, contending that they
were in contempt of court and should
be punished accordingly. Federal Judge
Mize rejected the Justice Departments
request, holding that the university Off
cials were powerless to effectuate the
court order to enroll the applicant.
Assistant Attorney General Burke
Marshall, who is handling the case for
the Government, says he will carry the
contempt action to the Fifth Circuit
Court of Appeals tomorrow, and one
hesitateS to predict what that court
may do. Even Mr.. Marshall is quoted as
saying, however, that he thinks it would
oe unfortunate" to Jail anyone. This is
understatement. 1t would be worse than
unfortunate; it would be outrageous to
Jail or even to fine the university Off
cials. Nevertheless, this is what the
Department of Justice will ask Of the
appellate court.
In the appeal, contempt charges also
will be pressed against the members Of
the State College Board who named the
Governor as acting registrar, and 1t
seems to us that this is proper, for they
may have been parties to the violation.
But the real offender is the Governor
himself Why is he not being proceeded
against for contempt?
If the Attorney General heSitates
for political reasons to lock horns with
a State Governor in legal battle which
could result in the latter being sent to
Jail, that is understandable. But the
cause Of justice is Shabbily served when
the. Attorney General, as an alternative,
urges the Federal courts to punish inno-
cent people. We can think Of nothing
hat is more likely to bring into dis
repute both the Department of Justice
and the courts themselves.
Evening star., 1962-09-23
100 Years Ago

FOR monCnS a1Cer the ClVl
War started, President Lin
coin was prodded by North
ern editors to free all slaves.
including those in s tes
warning with the Fe deral
Government. The New York
Tribune's Horace Greeley de-
manded that the, President
not only free those held in
bondage, but use them in
the war effort. I'VE cannot
conquer 10 millions of peo-
ple," wrote Greeley, united
in a solid phalanx against
us, powerfully aided by
Northern sympathizers and
European allies. We must
have scouts, guides, spies,
cooks, teamsters, diggers and
choppers. ;" To this Lin
coin replied: ". My para
mount object in this struggle
is to save the Union, and is
not either to save or to de-
stroy slavery. If I could save
the Union without freeing
any slave I would do it, and
if I could save the Union by
freeing some and leaving
others alone I would also do
that. What I do about sla-
very, and the colored race, I
do because I believe it helps
to save the Union. =" Then
on September %, 1862, The
Star front-paged a "prelim-
mary" proclamation by the
President, ordering slaves
freed in Confederate States
on New Years Day, 1858. 1t
read in part: g. That on
the first day of January q.
all persons held as slaves
within any State, or desig-
mated part of a State, the
people whereof shall then be
in rebellion against the Unit
ed States, shall be then,
thenceforward free; and the
Executive Government of the
United States, including the
military and naval authority
thereof, will recognize and
maintain the freedom of such
persons, and will do no act
or acts to repreSs such per-
sons, in any efforts they may
make for their actual free
dom. ;" This meant that
after January /, every area
in the South under Federal
military control became free
soil" territory, with the Union
Army obliged to recognize
and maintain" emancipation.
There were hosannaS from
most, but not all, Northern
Evening star., 1962-09-23
Hiqhwoy Disruption

Last June, the House Appropria-
tions Committee made plain that its
decision to withhold construction funds
for the eastern section Of the inner loop
freeway resulted mainly from the con-
Germ expressed by the Commissioners
over rehousing displaced families. 1t
emphasized, however, that this action
was not to be construed as an effort to
destroy the freeway system" in Wash
ington. Accordingly, the House cleared
funds for the planning and construction
Of other District freeway projects, in
cluding the Three Sisters Island Bridge
Now however, pressure is being
exerted on the Senate to block the
Three Sisters Bridge as well-to accom-
pliSh, in other words, that which the
House agreed should not be done.
Fortunately, the Senate District Ap-
preparations Subcommittee, headed by
Senator Byrd of West Virginia, has
before It ample evidence of the need to
advance this project. In a recent letter
to Chairman Byrd, Senator Randolph Of
West Virginia, writing as member of
the Senate Roads Subcommittee, made
the valid point that the present high
way program - including the Three
Sisters Bridge fully anticipates the
construction Of new bus and rail transit
facilities and, indeed, that If these
should not be built, it would be neces-
Sary to expand the Washington area
freeway program as now planned. In
urging the imperativeness Of keeping
the highway program on an orderly
schedule, Senator Randolph had this to
say: "If the present highway program
is suspended until there is determina-
ton of what can be done with subway
system, no provisions will have been
made for the ever-mounting motor
vehicle traffic that is not and never
will be susceptible to subway travel"
These are meaningful words. For
no evidence has been produced by any
one to contradict the assertion Of Dis
trict officials that, regardless of transit
proposals, more bridge capacity across
the Potomac is essential for motor
vehicular traffic. Nor has there been
evidence of location other than the
ALIcC OlSGcTS 1SldIlQ SlCe WHICH would
be as suitable from the viewpoints of
topography, traffic service, residential
dislocation, or cost.
There is another consideration,
barely mentioned, which we think also
argues perSuasively against unneces-
sary delay. 1t is simply that an orderly
program of highway construction,
stretched over a number of years, will
greatly minimize the disruption to daily
traffic. The fact is that relatively few
major highway improvement projects
are under way in Washington today.
Yet any motoriSt who has encountered
them during rush hours can attest to
the frustrating and time e-consuming
traffic jams they create. An intolerable
mess would result If it should become
necessary to concentrate the bulk of the
massive interstate freeway construction
program, which must inevitably be built,
within brief period of time.
The Byrd subcommittee is expected
to complete its deliberations on the
District budget within the next few
days. We hope that its report will serve
to expedite the unduly delayed freeway
construction program.
Evening star., 1962-09-23
Ear to the Ground
Milton A. Mandel.

Massachusetts, Democrats
now have the best Senatorial
candidate that money can
buy, and this Government,
by magazine cover and
slogans. now gets another
image: The Three Muske-
teers. The next seismographic
rumble could be the Pilgrim
Fathers registering their SEN
timents.
Margaret Radcliffe GOOch.
To one who rejoiced at the
election of a man to the
presidency whose political
philosophy and dynamic
leadership seemed so in con-
cert with the times, 1t is dis
couraging to witness the re-
suits of the recent Democra-
tic primary in Massachusetts,
The selection of the Presi-
dents younger brother as a
candidate for the Sena t e
was, in my opinion, an un-
precedented display Of poll
tical coercion, an affront to
the Senate, and a mockery
Of our American political sys-
TEN.
The choice presented to
the people of Massachusetts,
was quite clear: select a man
who has served the State
and the party in an elective
office for ten years, or select
a man who has no creden-
tials other than the fact that
he is the Presidents brother.
1t is quite obvious that no
efforts were spared to i'm
press upon the people where
their best interest lie. The
career of a young man was
callously cast aside to make
way for the heir apparent. "
Evening star., 1962-09-23

newspapers. Some editorial
lists thought Lincoln had
made a mistake-that the
move would swing border or
neutral States to the South's
side; that the President was
turning a war for the Con-
Stitution into a battle against
the South's rights and liber-
ties. Other newspapers. in
cluding this one, printed the
news of the proclamation
without comment. On Sep
tember "a, 1862, The Star
noted that the Republican, "
a rival morning paper here,
was Sin its usual unhappy,
Snarling, envious mood to-
ward its neighbors. We
wish our neighbc- better di-
geStion and a more amiable
temper. The Republican says:
The Star of last evening was
as silent as the grave upon
the proclamation of the
President. 1t is too much of
a courtier and too long ha-
bituated to kiss the foot that
is on the throne to be ready
to condemn an act done by
a President who is actually
in office. But while heSitat-
ing to condemn the Presi-
dents action, The Star equal
ly hesitates to approve it.
That paper enjoys private as
well as public patronage and
the proportion of the popu-
lation of this m e tropolis
which dislikes the Presidents
proclamation is too large to
be raShly offended. :" The
Stars editor snapped back in
print: "The Star is silent on
the subject of the Proclama-
ton simply and plainly for
the reason that whatever
doubts we may have as to
the wisdom of the policy en-
tered upon by President Lin
coin, to urge them now that
that policy is a foregone
conclusion cannot be advan-
tageous to the national cause.
Our great impending danger
at this juncture is from di-
vided counSels."
Evening star., 1962-09-23
Starting at the Top

The Stars editorial. Start
ing at the Top" relative to
the Massachusetts, senatori-
al race, is a little shallow in
depth. For, unwittingly, per-
haps, it omitted several signi-
ficant points.
True, the editorial noted
that both Democratic Party
candidates we're young, with
no or limited experience; also
that they come from promi-
nent and wealthy families.
Young Mr.. Lodge, Republican.
also edged out his older rival.
Thus. perhaps, a new age is
dawning in American poll
tics. For. in the only contest
of youth VS. age and expert
ence, the man with the ex-
perience lost. American voters
choose men they know, like,
have confidence in; they do
not operate by any hallowed
or hand-carved personnel cri-
terra.
Voters know that expert
ence is a great teacher, but
intuitively they are measur-
ing the pupil. Many political
hacks have years Of expert
ence, but they have no po-
tential for craftsmanship.
1t Is likely that the Amer
lean voter is looking for en-
ergy and vitality and talent
with possibilities instead of
slogan and cliche spielefs and
leaners waited to decision by
pressure breezes and vote
counts.
To those who believe in
democracy, the right to run
for and hold office Is not
a matter Of wealth or the
lack Of it, but a matter of
citizenship. Isn't it note
worthy that the American
voter does not "penalize or
reward" a man for the state
Of his economic birth or the
size of his bank account? d?
Stature in the United States
Senate has been given to the
man and not related to his
personal fortune or the lack
of it.
Moreover, on the second
time around, voters have an
opportunity to affirm wheth-
er they have chosen wisely
or well.
AS to why Ted" Kennedy
won in a landslide, you left
out a most important fac
tor. Young Mr.. Mccormack
inadvertently did it. There's
an old adage in business
You don't sell by knocking
your competitor"
And what venerable Sen
ator would agree that a
freshman" entering the
chamber is starting at the
top?"
MilfnHa A Marnd
Evening star., 1962-09-23

as might be true Of other candidates Of
the two parties. But this is more than
offset by the fact that both of these men
are extremely articulate, able campaign
ers, with sufficient differences in their
views and in their alliances to make for
clear and forceful issues. 1t is contest
which deserves the closest attention
from the residents of the State.
Evening star., 1962-09-23
Showcase Campaign

1t should be of interest to Maryland
voters that the Voice of America has de-
cided to record details of the congress-
man-at-large race between Republican
Newton I. Steers and Democrat Carlton
r. Sickles, to be reproduced overseas as
one of two-part series, entitled, "Anat
omy of an Election" The choice, we
think, is a good one. In the liberal-vS.-
conservative category, Mr.. Sickles and
Mr.. Steers are not as far apart, perhaps,
Evening star., 1962-09-23
Good and Bad News

I am deeply concerned
about the values that we
teach our children. News
papers, television, and movies
are very important teachers.
Newspapers tend to put the
more sensational news on the
first page. Too often much of
this is robbery and violence.
We have to turn to the in
side pages to find news Of the
good that people do.
BY this choice on your
part and on too many of the
readers parts. you are en-
phasizing crime, giving it
page one Importance. This
says to our youth, "If you
want to be important, COM
NIT crime"
Why not give the good
deeds people do. the quiet but
vital human interest stories,
more Importance on the front
page? Let the good speak.
Yes, we still need to be
aware of the evil in the
world, but too many Amer
leans have developed a dan
gerous apathy about crime
because their eyes and ears
have been blasted with news
of 1t for so long.
Your Sept. IS. Power Of
Faith" item should have been
on the front page, especially
when there are so many base
ball fans in this country.
Even though 1t was on the
inside, I appreciated 1t be-
cause of its message and be-
cause 1t very nicely illus
trated the sermon I preached
Sunday.
I hope that you will give
this matter careful consider
alton.
Lawrence H. Mason,
Pastor, Wesley Grove M. E.
Church, Gaithersburg, Md.