davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-04-30
Target for Espionage

Writing in Nations Business mag
azine, FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover has
reminded American businessmen that
they may be closer than they realize
to personal involvement in the cold war.
Mr.. Hoover's thesis, and no doubt he
knows whereof he speaks, is that an "ex-
tremely high" percentage of Soviet Of
ficialS in the United States are skilled
and interested in deceptive form of in
duStrial espionage. Their objective, he
explains, is ito obtain-by begging, bor-
rowing or stealing-the industrial Sc
crets of American business" Their
tactics, he goes on, are the casual ap-
pearing ones of establishing social con-
tacts-sometimes including invitations
to Soviet Embassy functions-or of max
ing inquiries about purchase of Ameri-
can products. Under this Cover" there
may be opportunities to visit American
plants, to discuss production methods,
technical and scientific processes, and
often to do some research" into the
personal life Of the businessmen who
might be drawn into this seemingly
friendly relationship. Blackmail, he
warns, is not outside the Soviet strategy,
if and when grounds are found
The FBI director proposes several
ways in which American businessmen
may improve their defenses against this
form of seduction or attack-including
greater education in Communist aims,
the operation of Communist fronts and
the Importance of industrial plant secu-
rity. Perhaps the greatest value of his
article, however, is the reminder that in
the vitality important economic phase of
the cold war the obvious target of Soviet
espionage is American industry and the
know-how of those who make it work.
Evening star., 1962-04-30
A Bow to Sylvia

Long have l intended to
pay public compliment to Syl
via Porter for her column.
Your Moneys Worth" She
sets forth in clear, attractive
prose the intricacies of fl
nance and related affairs.
The Truth, in Lending"
proposal of Senator Douglas
illinois,, mentioned in Miss
Porter'S column, is eminent
ly worthy of adoption by the
Congress. AS many home
buyers can testify, the Fed
eral Government itself gives
tacit approval to some of these
practices. For example, in
terest on a three-year loan
is computed in advance on
the entire principal and add
ed to it. Then the total is
divided into thirty-Six pay
ments. If FILA underwrites
the loan, it, by not objecting,
approves such a pilfering
practice.
]. w. Haywood, jr.
Evening star., 1962-04-30
Broad PENNSYLVANIA

1t is ironic that traffic conditions
have deteriorated so swiftly on one of
Washington's finest and widest streets
broad Pennsylvania avenue. Anyone
who drives the downtown sections of the
avenue in rush hours is aware of the
Worsening conditions since the street.
cars stopped running. And the reason is
that 26-foot-Wide swath in the middle
OF the street re m aims nonSensically
blocked off, while the influx of buses
makes life increasingly intolerable on
the narrowed lanes remaining in use.
According to Highway Director Ait
Ken, help is on the way He plans to (A)
asphalt the street from curb to curb.
covering the old tracks, and OBJ reduce
the olocked-off strip from % to 16 feet.
A medlan strip, he contends, must be
preserved as haven for pedestrians
point, in view of the 1O7-foot width of
the avenue, which leaves little room for
argument. Nor, he says, will a median
strip Is feet wide be wasted. for he in
tends within this space to mark off H.
foot lanes for left turns in those blocks
where turning movements are per-
mitted
Thus, the highway director saws
motorists will be better off than thev
were before the streetcars were removed
with four lanes on each side for
through traffic and one for left turns,
instead OF previous grand total of four
Evening star., 1962-04-30

Since some Of the letters
to The Star seem to be more
biased than rational I feel
that someone must have the
courage to rebut the position
that retaliation is justified.
1t would appear to me that
it would be justified to re-
taliate so long as Israel prac-
ticed it. which is the i'm
preston this reader received
from the contents of the
letters aforementioned. My
reply may be summed up in
one sentence. Inasmuch as
retaliation is not a measura-
BILE quantity per Sc, it must
follow that they who advo-
cate retaliation must by the
self-same deduction accept
the premise that re-retaliation
is also justified ad infinitum,
and thus, another Arab-Is-
raeli war.
Possibly Israel, with a little
less aid and abetting from
the outside, may be a little
less aggressive or a little less
quick to be aggressive on the
inside. Another thing to re-
member, if my knowledge of
history serves me correctly,
is that the Arabs have as
sisted the allies in both
World Wars and in spite of
present appearances have
traditionally proven them
selves pro-Western in thought
and affection.
F. G. Subt.
Evening star., 1962-04-30
Cuban Ransom

In my opinion money con-
tributed toward the $62-
million ransom for approx
mately 1,179 prisoners in
volved in Bay of Pigs in
vasion last year will be the
same as giving aid and COM
fort to the enemy. The ran
som for each prisoner
ranges from $25 900 to $780,
600. Otherwise, a 30-year
prison term.
Around 54 disabled captives
have been released for pur-
poses of raising the $62 mil
lion. They are now touring
the United States to collect
the dollars. The very nature
of this project is nauseating
and downgrading. 1t is an
insult to the integrity and
patriotism Of the American
people. Our morals are being
tested.
Castro seeks to get millions
of dollars out of Americans
by announcing the ransom
will go for medicine and
food. However, Fidel - one
way or the other - will use
the currency to strengthen
communism's grip on Cuba
and spread communism
throughout this hemisphere.
Instead, let us citizens COL
lect $62 million to destroy
Castro and to restore free
dom and liberty in Cuba.
Mary Curtis.
Evening star., 1962-04-30
Waiting in Vain

In vain have I waited!
Where are the cries of pro-
test one would expect to hear
from the free press? 1t is
alarming not to see our news
papers register indignation
over the "Gestapo tactics" of
the Justice Department and
Mr.. Robert Kennedy; es-
pecially when practiced on a
fellow reporter. I most vigor-
ously oppose knocking on
American doors at 3 o'clock
in the morning and using po-
lice state methods of interro-
cation in the steel dispute.
Further, will Americans
stand silently by and lose
their precious freedoms? One
of our greatest Presidents,
Abraham Lincoln, was con-
stantly criticized by his mill
tary and almost everyone
else in public and private life,
yet I am sure that not one
of these people was court
martialed or sentenced to six
months hard labor, as our
two National Guar d S m e n
were. I know the sentences
were later nullified, in "ac-
cordance with the Easter
spirit" Have these things
actually happened in the
land Of the free" and no
strong voice defending our
basic rights was heard?
Marion Fayed.
Evening star., 1962-04-30
Deliberate Speed

Maryland Circuit Court Judge O.
Bowie Duckett, who previously had in
dicated some reluctance to do so. now
mas agreed to expedite ruling on the
validity of the present system of State
legislative apportionment since "every-
body feels this decision is so urgent"
There is good reason, as Governor
raves has explained, for the court to
act with all deliberate speed" If. as
expected, the circuit court makes an
early finding that the existing formula
violates constitutional voting rights, the
Governor intends to call a special ses-
sion OF the Legislature before June |.
when corrective legislation could be ap-
proved by majority vote Of the Senate
ana House OF Delegates. After June |.
under Maryland law, such a bill would
nave to be adopted as emergency"
legislation, requiring a three-fifths vote
of the Assembly. Perhaps it is too much
70 expect that a meaningful bill could
emerge before June l from the atmos-
phere OF bitter controversy which will
surround the issue in the Legislature.
But at least the effort should be made.
The hopes for an equitable reform will
De greatly advanced if the matter can
De decided by simple majority vote.
There is no reason, moreover. To
anticipate undue delay in the court
ruling. State officials, as we'll as Judge
Ouckett himself, apparently are in
agreement that malapportionment ex-
lSts TO degree which surely, under the
Maryland Court Of Appeals decision of
last Wednesday, must be corrected. The
major question is whether the court
Will find degree of "invidiouS dis
elimination" sufficient to require re-
apportionment of the State Senate as
well as Of the House of Delegates
Attorney General Finan repeatedly feels
realignment of the House would suf-
flee, although he says this is not
tlnal State position. We hope indeed
that 1t Is not. Actually, the degree of
lnequitable representation suffered by
urban voters is most pronounced in
the Senate. While it is not necessary
That Senate representation be based
automatically on population, some re-
vision certainly is in order.
Th1S, in any event, is a matter
which needs Qualification by the courts
before the Legislature acts. Governor
TaweS, moreover, in seeking a court
ruling before convening the special ses-
sion, is following the procedures sug-
gested by the appellate court. The
Legislature, as he points out, will be
faced with an "acute constitutional
void" If the present system of appor-
tionment is invalidated-a political vac
uum which the Legislature will be COM
PEELED by some means to fill.
Fortunately, a conference between
the parties to the legal suit has been
arranged by Judge Duckett for this Fri
day. In the meantime, Governor Tawes
sensibly has promised to begin work
Immediately on specific proposal
which can be placed before the Legis-
lature as soon as it meets Obviously
it would be desirable to reach agree
ment on as many points as possible
before the eapportionment issue is
thrown into an election-year special
session
Evening star., 1962-04-30
A BOOK FOR TODAY
By DONALD MINTZ

sanction the professional
Spy'S arsenal of villainy?"
The discussion of the or
ganization of intelligence and
espionage activities, the dis
tinctions that must be made
between legal and illegal
gathering of information,
and the chapters about Ju-
dith Coplon, Harry Gold,
Gordon Lonsdale, Rudolph
Abel ct al are intended to
throw light on basic ques-
tions.
One of these asks whether,
all questions of philosophy,
morals and long term histor-
ical processes aside "the
huge espionage networks . .
(are) worth the trouble?"
There is no firm answer to
this, but the attempt to fird
one leads to the considera-
ton of remarkably basic
problems about the nature
of human society and the
workings of the individual
mind. Mr.. de Gramont is all
too brief here, but the quota
tionS from George F. Kennan
and Malcolm Muggeridge are
most provocative.
SOME OF MR.. DE GRA-
MONT'S sources are the
printed writings of others,
memoirs, unclassified reports
and the like. Others are not
so open, presumably the GUS
tomary informed circles,
highly placed officials and
other members of the anony-
nous informant corps.
In collecting information
about at least one case, the
Berlin tunnel episode of
1856, Mr.. de Gramont seems
to have been victimized by
officials anxious to make a
success out of what was
widely considered a blunder
of remarkable obtuseness.
The discovery by the Soviet
signal corps of a CIA tap on
a main phone cable in East
Berlin caused considerable
distress in West Berlin at
the time because it appeared
virtually certain that the in
Stallation was technically in
competent.
The true identity and biog-
raphies of the Soviet Unions
master spies are often mat
ters about which opinions
differ. Mr.. de Gramont, for
example, gives his version of
the life and works of Gordon
Lonsdale who may have
been the CRU (Soviet Mill
tary Intelligence) Resident
for Great Britain" without
any indication that the last
word may not have been said.
These are small defects.
The books great virtue is
that it approaches vital
questions in a thoroughly Sc
rious and sophisticated man
ner while avoiding even the
slightest hint of sensation
aliSm.
Evening star., 1962-04-30
Literocy Tests

Referring to the proposed
"sixth-grade education" lit
eracy test for Federal voting,
will there be a Federal test
developed to determine who,
in this day of promotion-by-
age not by achievement,
really has a Sixth-grade edu-
cation? What far-reaching
effects this would have on
our various school systems
Dorothy Hodges.
Evening star., 1962-04-30
LONDON.

LONDON.
The British, who are in
clined to wonder why on
earth they bothered to build
their own bomb in the first
place, may still find some use
for it. In the complicated
give-and-take Of European
politics it could turn out to
be an ideal device for blast
ting their way into the
Common Market.
This line of speculation, at
least. is finding growing cur
rency in England. AS the ar
gument over an independent
nuclear deterrent for NATO
gets louder-aS France shoul-
ders its way into the nuclear
club-as Germany demands
a greater voice in its own Sc
curity-as England inches its
way toward the continent
the idea is gradually dawning
that Britain may hold the
key to the puzzle that has
Stumped the experts so far.
Because of its special posi-
ton Britain has been COM
paratively aloof from the
controversy over an inde-
pendent NATO deterrent. The
fear of some European lead
ers that reliance on American
strategic power becomes more
risky as the destructive po-
tential of both sides increases
causes little anxiety here. The
obsession that only a nation
having its own nuclear force
will be taken seriously in
the modern world arouSes
more pity than sympathy in
Britain.
Still, If their possession of
the bomb has spared the
British one set of complexes
it has burdened them with
another. Limited as it may
be. Britain's independent det-
errent has brought about a
feeling of special Vulnerable
ity in case Of war. 1t also
has convinced them Of the
danger of increasing the
number Of purely national
nuclear arsenals.
Above all, it has made
them aware Of the enormous
expense involved in keeping
a modern weapons system up
to date. At the moment,
Britain's nuclear striking
force depends on delivery by
jet-powered bombers. The ef-
fort to develop a new gener-
alton of missiles has absorbed
billions of dollars with highly
discouraging results. For
many people an independent
nuclear deterrent must be
rated as an expensive, dan
gerous and highly temporary
asset which Britain would do
well to unload at the earliest
opportunity.
The opportunity may, in
fact, come sooner than ex-
pected. When the NATO
ministers assemble in Athens
this week the problem Of an
independent NATO deterrent
seems likely to provide the
central theme of discussion.
1t is also likely that no
very startling decisions will
be reached. The solutions
Evening star., 1962-04-30
On Campaign Costs

The problem of financing
presidential campaigns is of
a greater order of magni-
tude than that of financing
others. However, it is not
the most urgent problem, and
certainly it is far from be-
ing the most serious problem
in the area Of campaign costs.
1t is significant that no
presidential campaigns in
modern times were lost for
lack of money. But innu-
merable campaigns for presi-
Dental nominations, as we'll
as for election as Senator,
Congressman and to lesser Of
ficeS, have indeed been lost
for this reason-for lack of
effective means to present a
case to the public.
The report of the Presi-
dents Commission on Cam
paign Costs embodies numer-
Gus recommendations that t
would help toward resolving
this fundamental problem. 1t
is unfortunate, therefore,
that these should be vitiated
by a suggestion that the pro-
posed tax credit and tax de-
ductibility be limited only to
contributors to the National
Committees and their desig-
mated instrument in each
State.
The tax credit and the tax
deductibility should be made
available to contributors to
all legitimate political COM
mittees. Otherwise, these in
centives will seriously and
adversely affect congress
sional. State and local can
didateS - by placing candi-
dates committees, citizens
committees, and bipartisan
campaign committees at a
competitive disadvantage rel
ative to the official party or
ganizations. This would
strike a severe blow at the
principle of voluntariSm in
American political life.
Increasing the control Of
the National Committees
over the entire political
process would not improve
the representative character
of the process. 1t would tend
rather to promote the kind
of indifference to public SEN
timent exhibited by political
machines in our big cities.
1t may be argued that CIV
ing a competitive advantage
to the National Committees
would have the effect of in
PRODUCING an element Of ra-
tionalization into the politi-
cal processes which would, in
turn, heighten party author
ity and responsibility"
But if such a greater meas
ure of party authority. is
sought in this country, we
would do we'll to consider
whether we really want it to
be accomplished through a
strengthened hierarchy of po-
litical bosses. These are the
least representative factors
in our political system.
George E. Agree,
Executive Director, National
Committee for an Effective
Congress, New York, N. Y.
Evening star., 1962-04-30
WATCHING THE WORLD
Use of the British A-Bon1b
BY CROSBY S. MOVES
Foreign Correspondent of The Stur

proposed so far-includinR
President Kennedy's offer q
five or more Polaris-armed
submarines under "NATO
command" - have aroused
little enthusiasm among
other NATO powers.
The basic problem is still
one Of the ultimate control
of nuclear weapons. Those
nations which are content to
rely exclusively on the
United States for their
nuclear protection see no
need for changing the pres
ent system. Those who de-
mand an independent deter
rent point out that under
any conceivable system of
control the ultimate decision
in using Seaborne missiles
must still rest with the
President of the United
States.
Among the major NATO
countries, France, especially,
has been hostile to all sug-
geStions for joint control of
American weapons. And the
fact that recent French re-
quests for help in develop
ing their own nuclear
weapons system have been
turned down by the admin
iStration has done nothing
to sweeten the atmosphere.
In this situation, the best
that can be done within the
NATO framework is to give
some satisfaction to the
West Germans when it comes
to control Of nuclear
weapons on their own terri
tory. The proposal to share
information with them about
the location and nature of
nuclear Stockpiles inside the
country may do something to
Soothe German feelings. But
it will fall far short of meet
ing the demands for an in
dependent force and will
leave the basic questions un-
answered.
Indeed, the feeling is
growing that no solution
within the NATO framework
can be found to the problem
which involves such a sweep
ing delegation of control by
the United States Govern
ment as is implied in a truly
independent NATO nuclear
deterrent. The alternative
that is now being suggested
here is a joint European nu-
clear force based on a pooling
of British and French efforts.
And, in view of the trend of
European politics today the
idea cannot be ruled out as
wholly impractical.
1t makes sense, particu-
larly within the framework
of the critical negotiations
that are about to begin over
Britain'S entry into the Com
mon Market.
Given French nuclear am
bitionS and a rapidly wasting
British asset, an obvious deal
suggests itself.
This week The London
Economist puts the question
bluntly: wis some kind of
gesture to France in nuclear
matters be required to get
this country into the Com
mon Market?"
Evening star., 1962-04-30
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used if
letters carry ,DriterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
terS are subject to condensG-
ton. Those not used tDiH be
returned only when accom-
panied By self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1962-04-30
The Secret War

THE SECRET WAR, THE
STORY OF INTERNA-
TIONAL ESPIONAG E
SINCE WORLD WAR III
by Sanche de Gramont.
515pp. G. P. Putnam's s
Sons. $5.95. "a Putnam
Award Book
In THE Secret War"
Sanche de Gramont, a Pulit-
zer Prize journalist now with
the New York Herald Tri-
bune, has undertaken a good
deal more than a retelling
Of some of the most celebrat-
ed postwar spy cases and dis
cussion of the size, nature
and activities of organiza-
tions like our CIA and NSA
and the Soviet KGB.
He has tried to work out
some ideas about the place
of espionage and counter
espionage in today's world in
general and more particular
ly about a paradox: that
totalitarian techniques can
be used to protect demo-
cratic institutions"
In fact, his first main task
is to make Americans face
that paradox squarely. Cuba
and the U-2," he writes,
have made public opinion
dimly aware of this basic
fact: the United States, like
the Soviet Union and because
of the Soviet Union, is prac-
ticing total espionage. 1t is
matching the Soviet Union
in the secret warfare of in
telligence just as it is match
ing it Cor trying to- in the
construction of miSsil e S.
There are few techniqueS
used by Soviet espionage that
American intelligence cannot
duplicate. The intelligence
organizations of the two
blocs are monolithic and
powerful, and work in a cli-
mate of secrecy and ruth
leSsnesS.
MR.. DE GRAMONT RE-
MARKS that "the revelation
that the United States was
waging an intelligence war
with as much vigor and de-
termination as the Soviet
Union shattered the illusion
of a moral cold war, a cru
Sade fought against 'godleSS
Communism The CIA's
record of duplicity and dirty
tricks put it in the same
league as Soviet espionage.
In shattering the illusion,
however, the problems of an
effective intelligence organi-
zation in a free society were
laid bare. Can a society that
believes in government by the
people, in the peoples right
to know, and in noninterter-
ence in the affairs of other
nations, send agents to spy
on foreign governments, sub
vert Soviet officials. and
Evening star., 1962-04-30
Fan Letter

I can delay no longer,
after reading Ruth Hume's
review of "Ferdinandus Tau
rus" telling you that I am
enjoying very much Mrs.
Hume's succinct comments
on the new books. She is so
full of quiet humor and yet
great understanding Of hu-
man nature that her briefest
review is actually a short
essay in its own rights. !
hope her three reviews in
last Sundays edition are in
indication that we shall see
an increasing number from
now on.
Mrs. Daniel Gaudiny.
Evening star., 1962-04-30
Kind Word on Arabs

Old Wharf Rat
The Nome nugget., 1962-04-11
Senate Agrees To SN, ,432,l9S Appropriation Bill

JUNEAU tR -- The Senate, hold ing the line against increases as well as cuts, completed legislative action on the big appropriation bill today. The final vote was 1928. The $89, ,432, ,198 measure now goes back to the House of Repre- sentatives for minor use-keeping action before it is sent to Gov. Wnl. Egan for his approval.
 The Senate, during the course of one and half hours work on the appropriations bill, cut down II amendments offered from the floor. Two of the proposed changes in volved cuts in the budget.
 It was very clear from the out set, however, that the Senate was in no mood to open the budget.
 Sen. Brad Philips put into words the feeling of the major.,4 rlem- bers of the Senate, Republicans and Democrats alike, when he said: T am opposed to any change in the appropriations bill, period. If we amend 1t in any way, the event ual figure is going to be higher, and that is all there is to it.
 Each and every vote was on a roll call, Several times, amend ments failed by the closest of mar gins, 10-10 tie votes.
 On final passage, the eventual lineup was:
 For passage: Sens. Bradshaw Bronson, EgnsrrOn1, McN eaIy, MIc. Nees, Metcalf, Nolan. Brad Phil lips, Vance Phillips, Smith, Walsh and Peratrovich
 Against passage: Sens. Coghil1, Greinnann, Hopson, Logan, Me- Nabb, Owen, Pollock and Weise.
 Sens. Elton Engstrom and Brad I'i isiis Hips had sv;ete<. against the bill before tine final vote was an nounced, realizing that the bill would fail on 1G-10 tie vote, they switched votes in order to pass it and keep it from being opened up.