davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-03-18
CALENDAR
CAMERA

o,MStANsaFSSEsfHESs. MAsH1SsESE sSc1EHH Mondsy. OF :
pm, GsA Auditorium on between
NV. Leonard, schoenteld Of Tech
nicolor wiz demonstTists nTaiecsor the R;Ts RS%
RasEe' Msc Saehns s%m AKsSies SGen Of Gs5SSa sSne
birds" 16-mm color by Martin Slas-
ss5s ,Sa6d %sS BY BfHsnS GsH. asHsfff deeisffns e
10 best international films" will be
April 27 at Woodward g. Lothrop
Chevy Chase auditorium.
rEIssE ER.E STATE sTsT pt SAMEfAA Ayatfs1ilF: SEIB;
Buiidins 1iisfins' Association. $5o5 Asmliton
petition, "Closeups," both mono
chrome and color. Aiso' slides by
YMCA FOTo-CRAFT CLUB, Tues
qfx; YMxcA. Psi Disie. iTvit TSeiith o' Street NV.
Modelling session.
OLD DOMINION CAMERA CLUB.
torfum. Ha Lee highway near diebe road.
AasE Arnold v TaySg gse ssas Ssck MEMS snd We
NATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHIC so;
CIETY, Wednesday, 8 pm, Natural
stitution avenue NV. Miss Bronette
Ehrlich will present her photo, essay,
"a Century at Harpers Ferry" Next
Saturday marks the gath anniversary
OF the society which began with
three members and now has l7O. the
largest and one OF the Oldest camera
clubs IL this area: II y is sdn,nlI affiliated
America. For membership apply to
Miss Argyle Crump (JA. S-14SD.
WASHINGTON FILM SOCIETY,
Thursday and Friday, S:15 pm.
Freer Gallery of Art. passion OF
Joan Of Arc" Dreyer: 1920 star
ring Nine, Falconetti. DAY of the
Dead" (Mexican) starring Charles
and Ray Eames. March 10, p.m.'
film journalism workshop for mem
bers at Unicorn Cafe. 171O Seven
teenth street NV: Films, Of 1888
ton Of the Maharaja of Kashmir
(1926), both by Col. Herford Cowling,
AsC. Channel 20 production Of
The Cabinet of DR.. Caligari' was
postponed to March 20, 8 pm, mon
itorinK at Yorktown High School,
North Arlington.
ARTS CLUB, 2017 I street NV,
exhibits of priZe-winning prints and
color slides Of several area camera
clubs. Hours, IL am. to pm.
daily through Friday.
COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY WORK
SHOP, Syracuse University. June II
to Is. Limited to rs. Apply to Fred
A. Demarest, School Of Journalism,
Syracuse University, Syracuse 10,
N. Y.
Evening star., 1962-03-18
CLUB MEETINGS
TODAY

TODAY
National Capital Match
Collectors Club, 2 pm, Con-
gressional Hotel, 300 New
Jersey avenue Sc. Match
cover exhibit: Foreign Gov
ers" and auction.
MONDAY
Northern Virginia Stamp
Club, 8 pm, home Of Will
liam H. Woddrop, 5400
Youngblood street, Mclean,
Va. Talk by Jesse B. Thomas,
Railroad Cancellations of
Japan"
TUESDAY
international Society for
Japanese Philately, Wash
ington Chapter, 8 pm, Par
ish Hall, st. Columba's
Church, 4201 Albemarle
street NV. PHILOSOPHY of
Stamp Collecting and Album
Arrangement" talk by Boris
Mandrovsky.
WEDNESDAY
Collectors Club Of Wash
ingtOn, 8 pm, Odd Fellows
Temple, 419 Seventh street
NV. Auction.
Montgomery Coin Club, 8
pm, Perpetual Building As
sociation, 8710 Georgia ave-
nue.. Silver Spring, Md.
THURSDAY
Silver Spring Philatelic So
ciety, 8 pm, Community
Room, Citizens Building and
Loan Association, Pershing
drive and Fenton street, Sill
yer Spring, Md. Stamps of
Greece" presented by Harry
P. Dodge and Cecil Davey.
SUNDAY, March rs
Associated Stamp Clubs Of
the Chesapeake Area, 2 pm,
Odd Fellows Temple, 419
Seventh street NV. Wash
ington Philatelic Society is
host. Donation auction.
Evening star., 1962-03-18

ters, 1155 Sixteenth street
NV, starting Tuesday and
continuing through March 20.
The exhibit, from the collec-
ton of Richard M. Lawrence
of Decatur, ILL.,, will be open
to the public daily from 8
am. to S pm. during the
141st national meeting of the
American Chemical Society.
New Issues
UNITED NATTONS-Four
definitives will be released
May Is. Denominations are
/, 3, 5 and II cents. The s.
cent will be steel engraved,
the other three in multicolor
photogravure.
The 1-cent design by Kurt
Plowitz shows the u. N. seal
and q link with the words
ITO live together In peace
with one another"
Ole Hamann's Scent de-
sign features the U. N. flag
in blue.
Renato Ferrini of Italy pre-
pared the scent design
showing hands holding to-
gether the letters "U" and
IN"
Evening star., 1962-03-18
Shiloh Stamp Uses
RifIemun Desiqn

A striking design by Noel
Sickles of Westport, Conn.,,
featuring a single rifleman
crouching behind a tree
stump, will be used for the
Battle of Shiloh stamp.
The Accent commemorative,
second in the Civil War Gen.
tennial series, will be issued
April Z at Shiloh, Tenn.
The drawing is in a style
suggesting a rapid battlefield
sketch rather than finished
art work. Such sketches by
Winslow Homer and other
artist correspondents pro-
vided the basis for the steel
engravings which are typical
illustrations of the magazines
Of the period.
The frameless design will
be printed in black on a
Evening star., 1962-03-18
CIVIL WAR CENTENNIAL

peach petal pink paper, re-
calling that an important
phase of the battle was
fought in a peach orchard
where the Confederate fire
was so heavy it sent broken
blossoms floating down on
the bodies beneath the trees.
Mr.. Sickles' design was en-
graved by Matthew D. Fen
ton, who did the rifleman,
and Howard F. Sharpless,
the lettering and numerals.
An initial printing Of 100
million has been authorized.
The pictorial portion of
the first day cancellation will
show the Shiloh National
Military Park emblem, two
standing soldiers.
Addressed envelopes for
first-day cancellation may be
sent to the Postmaster, Shiloh,
Tenn, with remittance for
the cost of the stamps. The
outer envelope to the post
master should be marked
First Day Covers Shiloh
Stamp" and must be post
marked no later than April 2.
4 \ -
First Day Schedule
In addition to the Shiloh
stamp, four other Accent
commemorative will be is
sued in the next six weeks:
March 80 Malaria Eradi-
cation, Washington 13, D. c.
Deadline for covers March 26.
April 11-Charles Evans
Hughes, Washington 13, D. c.
DeaOllne April b.
April 25-Seattle Worlds
Fair, Seattle l, Wash. Dead
line April 81.
April 30-Louisiana State
hood, New Orleans IL, La.
Deadline April 25.
4 4 4 4
Chemical Stamp Display
A four frame topical ex-
hibit Of stamps relating to
chemistry will be on display
in the lobby of the American
Chemical Society'S headquar-
Evening star., 1962-03-18
151,115 Students
Draw ST Million
In College Loans

A total Of 151,l15 students
borrowed nearly ST. million last
year under the National De-
fense Student Loan Program to
help finance their college edu-
cation, Health, Education and
Welfare Secretary Ribicoff has
announced.
Among the students were
1879 from the District who
borrowed $914,230; 1878 in
Maryland borrowing $878,703,
and 2,575 in Virginia borrowing
$1.O7S,O44.
third Of the total were
women.
Since the program began in
February, 1859, Mr.. Ribicoff
said, 238,092 students have bor-
rowed $130.6 million. It is ex-
pected that about 10000 will
have chalked up an additional
sos million in loans during the
current academic year.
The average loan last year
was $470, as compared with
$438 in 1959-1960, the first full
year of the program. In the
current year, the loans are ex-
pected to average about $500.
Undergraduate and graduate
students are eligible for loans
if they are enrolled full time
at an institution participating
in the program. They may bor-
row up to $1,000 in an aca-
demic year, and $4,000 over the
college career.
Evening star., 1962-03-18
PHILATELIC NEWS
PtiILATELIC NEWS
Girl Scouts to Get Stamp July "a
At 50th Anniversary Roundup
BY BELMONT FAIRIES
Star Stamp Editor

The Girl Scouts will have
a commemorative stamp for
their 50th anniversary this
year.
Postmaster General j. Ed
ward Day made the an
nouncement and showed a
preliminary sketch of the de-
sign Monday at the Scouts
seth anniversary luncheon
held in the Senate Office
Building.
The stamp will be issued
July "a during the 14-day
Senior Girl Scout Roundup
to be held from July 1929
at Button Bay Park, 25 miles
southwest of Burlington VT.
A tent city for 10000 Scouts
and counselors will be set up
between the foothills of the
Green Mountains and scenic
Lake Champlain.
Designed by Ward Bracket
of Westport, Conn.,, the
stamp, picturing a Girl Scout
and the lower portion of an
American flag, will be
printed in red.
The denomination is 5
cents, in the expectation that
Congress will approve a
postal rate increase effective
July /. The bill, passed by
the House, is now under con-
Sideration by a Senate COM
mittee.
Printing of the stamp will
be delayed as long as pos
sible if passage of the leg
islation is still in doubt late
in the spring. The stamp was
held to a single color to
simplify a last-minute shift
in denomination should that
prove necessary.
Evening star., 1962-03-18
CAMERA ANGLES
BY A. ]. WEDDERBURN
Contributing Writer

Processing your own films
is not only easy to learn, but
1t will save you considerable
expense both in time and
money. Instead Of waiting
days to see your latest snap
shots you can view the mega
tives in a matter Of minutes
then print only the good ones
and discard the ones that
might cost you for worthless
prints otherwise.
It used to be that a dark
room was essential for film
processing. Then the pho
tographer would pass his
film back and forth through
three trays of solution, with
the aid of a red safelight if
his film was orthochromatic
or in total darkness with
pan" film.
With the introduction Of
modern processing tanks that
allow all but the actual film
loading to be carried out in
the light the job has become
simplified to a degree that
anyone can handle it with
ease.
Any well-built clothes closet
can serve for the place to
load the film into the small
reel type tank that you will
be using. Test it by going
inside, closing the door with
outside room lights out) and
waiting for about S minutes.
If, after that time lapse,
you can see no light leaking
in at any point the closet will
be a safe place to load your
film into the tank.
3 Bottles for 3 Solutions
First on the agenda is the
preparation of three bottles
of processing solutions. One
will be the developer to bring
out the, latent image, the
second is called "short-stop"
which instantly curtains fur
ther action Of the developer
and the third is known simply
as the fixing solution that
makes the image permanent.
You can buy the chemicals
ready-mixed so that all you
need do is add water and
stir until all the ingredients
are dissolved. Then place
each solution in a properly
labled bottle to prevent
mixups later on.
To get the work under way
pour into the tank the proper
amount of developer and
check the temperature to
make sure it meets the rec
commended requirements. If
not it should be adjusted to
Evening star., 1962-03-18

ciety Of International Law,
1928 Massachusetts, avenue
NV, with Masao Nishikawa,
a Fulbright student from the
University of Tokyo, as speaker
Has Fund Drive
Mr.. Nishikawa will under
take opening research work on
the Far East, which the in
stitute will conduct during its
interim period, before he re-
turns to Tokyo in September
To finance its initial activity
pending full scale operation
for which it is negotiating fol
foundation support. the insti-
tute is conducting a local drive
to raise $1,000. Checks may
be made payable to the insti-
tute and mailed to its tempo
rary address, $40 Eighteenth
street NV.
Prof. Carl G. Anthon, head
Of the History Department o1
American University, is the
Institutes president. DR.. Hall
garten, one of the first area
historians to view the mass Of
captured documents in the
early 1950s, is ce-ordinator Of
studies.
The institutes board has
drawn up a detailed prelimi-
nary research program, cover
ing particularly the period!
of the Weimar Republic anc
the Hitler Reich.
Evening star., 1962-03-18
CAMERA ANGLES
Processing YourFiIms
Saves Time, Money

the correct temperature be-
fore proceeding with the next
step-that of placing the
tank.
The one total darkness op-
Grafton comes at this point.
After you close yourself in
the closet recover the pro-
tective paper covering from
the film and then roll the
film onto the reel Of your
tank according to instruc-
tionS that come with it.
Now lower the reel into
the tank containing the de-
veloper and raise and lower
it two or three times to in
sure full and even coverage
of all parts of the film. Then
place the cover on the tank
and the lights may be turned
on for the rest of the proc
essing.
Commence timing, pro-
vided with the film instruc-
tions, when you turn on the
light. Then agitate the tank
from time to time during
development by using a
Swirling motion. Some tanks
have agitator knobs or han
dies that perform this step
by manual operation.
After your film has been
in the soup for the right
length Of time, pour off the
developer solution-back into
its bottle. Then pour the
short-stop solution into the
tank through the opening in
its top.
Second, Third Baths
Just IS seconds is enough
time for the second bath
with continuous agitation.
Then pour off this bath into
its bottle and pour in the
hypo or fixing solution. The
time that the film should
remain in the fixer depends
upon its type and you should
follow instruction carefully
in this respect. Agitate as
before and then, when time
is up, pour off this bath
into its bottle.
At this point remove the
cover from the tank and
place it under q spigot,
allowing cool water to run
into and out Of the tank
for about 80 minutes.
Finally. hang your film up
to dry. Wipe off both sides
with a sponge to remove
large droplets Of water. A
hair dryer or electric fan
will help speed drying, but
in any event in a short time
you will have your negatives
ready for inspection and
printing.
Evening star., 1962-03-18
NUMISMAT|C NOTES
Muximilion

When we think of emperors
we are likely to think OF
Europe or Asia, but we have
had emperors closer to home,
among them Maximilian Of
Mexico.
Benito Juarez, a liberal Of
pure Indian blood, had won
full control of Mexico in
1859. In 1861 Congress sus-
pended payment of interest
on the national debt for two
years and France. Spain and
Britain agreed to a military
Intervention.
The United States, deeply
involved in the Civil War,
was unable to enforce the
Monroe Doctrine and Vera
Cruz was occupied. Britain
and France soon withdrew,
but Napoleon III Of France
pressed ahead with his plan
to overthrow the republic
and in 1868 French troops
occupied Mexico City.
Napoleon offered an i'm
perial crown to Archduke
Macmillan, brother of the
Emperor of Austria, and the
following year Maximilian
and his wife Carlotta arrived
to take the throne. Although
Macmillan was not person.
ally unpopular, his authority
never extended beyond the
reach of the French bayo-
nets.
With the end Of the Civil
War, the United States put
pressure on Napoleon to
withdraw his troops from
Mexico, a pressure backed by
the battle-t e sted Union
Evening star., 1962-03-18
Photographic Society
Has Big Membership

Photographic Society Of
America is the worlds largest
Photographic organiza-
ton, with a globe-circling
membership Of more than
$500 amateur camera fans
and 1900 affiliated camera
clubs. It's members live in
every State of the Union and
in 70-odd foreign countries.
Evening star., 1962-03-18

been made the seat of the In
stitute.
It evolved in the course of
five years work, completed last
year, to screen and microfilm
tons of German and Japanese
documents which fell into
Allied hands. Washington his
torian George w. F. Hallgarten
headed q "pilot" committee of
scholars and researchers which
has worked toward the research
institute.
Will Conduct Research
Through a staff Of special
lists, the organization will con-
duct research, concentrating in
the first five years mainly on
the microfilms but gradually
expanding its investigations to
documents from other nations
and IN other languages.
The institute also will be a
service organization, furnishing
scholars the world over with
information from documents
stored here and maintaining
indexes and guides to docu-
mentS elsewhere.
It also plans local seminars
to be attended by area univer-
sity students and out-of-town
scholars and students studying
documents illustrating the re-
cent history of foreign nations.
The first special seminar
discussion, at s pm. Tuesday
will take place at the head
quarters of the American So
Evening star., 1962-03-18
Mount CurmeI Group
Elects Officers Today

The Restorers Of Mount Car
mel in Maryland will elect Of
ficers at their annual meeting
at 3 pm. today in the home Of
Mr.. and Mrs. Thomas j. Mac
kavanagh, 1912 Custer road,
Bethesda, Md.
The organization is restoring
the Mount Carmel Monastery,
near Port Tobacco, Md, site
of the first Catholic convent in
the United States. It dates from
1890.
Evening star., 1962-03-18
CITIZENS
MEETINGS

Meeting announcements
must be In the hands OF the
Civic Calendar editor BY noon
Thursday OF each tDeek to
insure publication In the
column on Sunday. Those
received too late 1Dill not be
used separately unless there
Is some special ne,Ds SigniH-
canoe attached to them.
Walter N. Tobriner, president
Of the District Board Of Com
missioners, will speak before the
Chevy Chase Citizens Associ-
alton at 8 pm. tomorrow at
the Chevy Chase Community
Center, 5601 Connecticut ave-
nue. NV.
Other civic groups meeting
this week, all at 8 pm. unless
otherwise noted, are:
TOMORROW
| Interfederation Council Of Citizen
observation-disclosures Room, Dis
trict Building. 14th and E SITS. n. "
Yates Cook, executive director Of tn
Federal City Council, will speak.
Civic Association Of Temple Hill
Inc.-Temple Hills CMd.) Schoo
Members of the Washington suburba
Sanitary Commission viii speak.
Lincoln Park Citizens Associate ton
Epworth Church, 1905 East Capitol s.
Bloomingdale Civic AssOcia ton
Tabor Presbyterian Church, End an
8 sts. NV.
Southeast Civic soelation-Payn
School, 18th and C SITS. Sc.
Capitol View Civic Association
Richardson School, SD and Blain
sts. ne.
Chillum Heights Citizens Association
-5401 New Hampshire ave. NV.
Fort Davis Citizens Association
Evening star., 1962-03-18
'Monchurio Occupation
Due Study by Institute

review Of Japans occupation of Manchura the light
OF German and Japanese documents captured World
H. will be project taken by the Institute
Documentary Research on Foreign Nations
With microfims Of millions Of records Of the former Axis
available at the National Archives Washington has
Evening star., 1962-03-18
Plus 105 Different
BRITISH EMPIRE "a

bRITISh EMPINE &@C
New 1852 stamp exhibition souvenir sheet
fSeru London = oficial reproductions Of 5
famous commemorative. Covers IS years
- includes ROYAL WEDDING, EUROPA,
SCOUTS. OLYMPIcS, SILVER JUBILEE.
Most exciting page for any albuml
PLUS - fabulous collection of los differ
ent British Empire = 98 yr. old / penny
red QUEEN VICTORIA, issues from hard
to-get colonies Tristan, obsolete Volcano
Island) - more. Export price = only 24f to
introduce bargain overseas approyals.
IMPORT DIRECT - SAVE 20 - 60ss
Buy direct from London where dealers
buy - this money-Saving l4-day approval
way. Exciting offers. low prices.
Send 24t Ia unused US. Stamps (ne sslael
Satisfaction guaranteed. Ask for Lot us.
BROADWAY APPRoVALs, LTD.
50 Denmark Hill, London SEES, England
Evening star., 1962-04-25
YOUR
MONEYS WORTH
High Cost of Writing Letters
~ SYLVIA PORTER

The average cost of a busi-
ness letter written by an aver
age salesman in the United
States today is $1.97-an all
time high, SO per cent above
1858 and IA per cent higher
than in 1860.
This average-to be disclosed
soon by Dartnell Corp. in its
Office Administration Service
and revised office Managers
Handbook - is based on what
appears to be modest estimates
of salaries. Dartnell, for in
stance, places the salary of a
good sales correspondent" at
SIPS a week and of a secre-
tary able to take dictation and
type at $76 a week. Judging
by the salaries of good" execu-
tives and competent" Secre-
taries I know, the estimated
cost Of a single business let
ter by a top management man
might be almost doubled and
still not be an undue exagger-
alton.
Conservative as the $1.97 fig
ure may be, when you multi
ply it by the thousands of let
ters sent out each year by an
average business concern, the
total expense becomes far
greater than the average busi-
nessman suspects.
Dartnell'S analysis Of the
cost and its advice on how to
Evening star., 1962-04-25
E@o,@ a"4zM#E1 Ss%o44.,.s5 ESs:; a*"Y:5
EXCERPTS

Accelerated economic activity in Northern and
Central California in 1861 was reflected in an
other year of rapid growth and progress for our
Company. Continuing an unbroken trend of
many years, new high records were established
for sales of gas and electricity and for operating
revenues.
Expenditures for construction amounted to
1928 million in 1861, exceeding those of any
previous year. To finance this outlay the Com
pany sold securities from which it received net
proceeds of about $123 million, the balance
being provided from internal sources Con-
struction expenditures for 1862 are estimated
at $221 million.
The most notable development of the year
was hereceipti in December of the first Canadian
gas into our system through the facilities of the
Alberta-C California project Access to the vast
reserves of natural gas of Western Canada has
thus become reality for our Company. The
project makes available much needed supple
mental source of energy for Northern and Gen.
tra California and is of great significance in the
future outlook of the Company. This $500, ,OOO,-
600 project represents an outstanding example
of economic cooperation, based on the principles
of international comfy and mutual response
bility, between Canada and the United States,
and substantial benefits to the economies of
both countries will flow from it.
Electricity, of course, continues to be our
principal business. During 1861 our electric gen.
Grating resources were augmented by the COM
pletion of 100000 kilowatt unit at Pittsburg
Power Plant, which brought the total installed
capacity of this plant to 1920, 900 kilowatts In
addition, we have under construction or author
lied for completion before the end of 1865,
2,S48,0O0 kilowatts Of electric generating capa-
city in conventional steam, nuclear, geothermal,
and hydro plants.
Stockholders have been advised from time to
time of the Companys activities, commencing
in 1851, in the field of nuclear power. Research
and development during this period has, we be-
ieve, justified our early conviction that nuclear
energy holds great promise as an economic
source of electric power, particularly in the rea-
lively high cost fuel area in which we operate.
Evening star., 1962-04-25

A $4,000 klowatt nuclear unit is now under
construction at our steam plant near Eureka,
about 250 miles north of San Francisco, which
will be completed this year.
In last years report it was stated that we
were continuing our studies looking to the con-
struction of large scale nuclear plant close to
the San Francisco Bay area. In June 1861 we
announced our intention to construct 325 900
kilowatt nuclear unit at Bodega Bay, about so
miles north of San Francisco. Construction on
this plant will start late in 1862, provided all
necessary governmental approvals are obtained
We feel confident this plant will produce power
at cost substantially competitive with that
from conventional steam unit at the same
location.
Without in any way minimizing the problems
we face, there are reasonable grounds to view
the outlook for the Company with optimism.
We are privileged to serve highly diversified
area which is growing rapidly and in an orderly
manner. We operate modern and efficient
plant which has an average dollar age of about
eleven years. We have competent personnel
alert to the needs of our customers Our financial
condition is sound and we enjoy the confidence
of the public.