davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-19
Too Big a Gamble

Secretary Of State Dean Rusk and
William c. Foster, who is running our
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency,
are men whose Judgment is entitled to
respect. In our opinion, however, Sena-
tor Jackson, Democrat of Washington,
wins the argument with them on the nu-
clear test-ban issue.
Allowance should be made for the
fact that the testimony on this question
by Mr.. Rusk and Mr. Foster has been
censored. In published form, the views
which they expressed before a subcom-
mittee of the Senate Armed Services
Committee may not fully and accurately
reflect their real judgment.
Still, according to the published re-
ports, they said they favor complete or
partial ban on nuclear testing by the
United States and Russia because, for
one reason, it might discourage Red
China from developing nuclear weapons
OF its own. Senator Jackson, stating his
belief that the Chinese are capable of
producing nuclear weapons, spoke UP in
sharp disagreement. II think we would
be kidding ourselves" he said, if we told
the American people that, If we get an
agreement with the Soviets on a test
ban, the Chinese won't test"
We are on Senator Jackson'S team.
The Chinese Communists are undoubt-
edly capable of producing nuclear weap-
ons, and no agreement on test-ban be-
tween the United States and Russia holds
promise of stopping them from doing SO.
Furthermore, it should be noted in this
connection that the Russians, far from
agreeing to test ban, may be vigorously
stepping up their output of long-range
missiles. This is the import of recent
story by The Stars Richard Fryklund,
who covers the Defense Department, and
logic seems to support this view. Mr..
KhruShchev's reaction to our firm stand
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-19
Time to Act

After all these years of dreams and
plans for National Cultural Center,
there is high excitement that the time
to- act is finally at hand. Just 10 days
from now, the closed-circuit telecast of
AN American Pageant of the Arts" link
ing Washington with most Of the other
major cities of the Nation, will officially
launch the vital first phase of diver
sified campaign to raise the millions of
dollars necessary to build the Center on
the banks of the Potomac.
The mounting interest in the telecast
is enormously gratifying. For while the
two-hour televiSion show will feature
the leaders of the Nation and the great
est stars Of the performing arts ever as
Sembled, this is more than a fund
raising benefit. 1t will serve as an in
valuable vehicle to explain to people
everywhere that the Center is to be es-
Sentially national in character show
case for the best creative efforts of the
Nation, for the benefit of audiences from
all parts of the country.
IN real sense, however, the partici-
patton Of Washington area residents
holds key to the success of the Novem-
Der 20 event. The degree of enthusiasm
expressed here will be evidence that the
Washington community is willing to do
Its part. And 1t will be carefully watched
elsewhere. Surely no one in Washington
needs by now to be reminded of the ire
mendous asset which the Cultural Cen
ter will become to life in the Nations
Capital, or for that matter, of the gap in
cultural facilities which for so long has
distinguished Washington ANONYMOUSLY
from the other great capitals of the
world.
Plans for the closed circuit telecast at
six university campuSeS of the area, at
Loew'S Capitol Theater, and at the In
dian Spring Country Club In Montgom-
cry County, are progressing well. The
critical event, however, is the $10O-a-
plate banquet at the District National
Guard Armory, where substantial por-
ton OF the televiSion program will orr
g1nate, and which President and Mrs.
Kennedy will attend Representatives of
the business firms of the Washington
area, and every other individual who can
DO SO, should join them-in order to as
sure that the $500 Armory seats are
completely filled. Nor, for many, will the
cost be great, since most of the price of
the tickets is tax deductible
There has been very little opportunity
in the past for most Washingtonians
to advance the Cultural Center in any
fashion. This is the chance to do so, to
enjoy an evening of Superlative enter
tainment, and to exhibit spirit of Gull
tural maturity which, we suspect, is far
more important to our growth as a Ma
ton than most Of us have realized.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-19
A BOOK FOR TODAY
It's a Small World With Many People.
By DONALD MINTZ

FERTILITY AND SUR
VIVAL: Population Prob
lens From Nautilus to Mao
Tse-tung. Translated from
the French of Alfred Sauvy
by Christine Brooke-Rose.
232 pp., illus. (chartS,
tables, maps. (Criterion
Books, Inc; $7.50)
1t is impossible to imagine
a book more vigorously and
ruthlessly logical than Ger
tility and Survival" "Con-
striction always creates an
evasion myth" says M.
Sauvy, and his present pur-
pose appears to be the de-
struction Of the myths about
overpopulation and under
development not by bombast
and propaganda but by their
conformation with over
whelming facts.
The population expansion
in the underdeveloped coun-
tries is neither qualitatively
nor quantitatively similar to
that in 10th century Europe;
the more or less automatic
solutions Of the last century
there will not reappear. If
they did they would not work.
Can the movement (the
rhythm Of population in
creased continue for long? Is
there any need to worry
about it?
1.-THE simplest knowledge
enables us to answer these
two questions easily: To the
first, no.
ITO the second, yes"
M. SAUVY, Director Of the
National Institute of Demo-
graphic Studies in Paris, be-
gins with a careful definition
Of the problem. Terms like
population explosion" are
too vague to be useful. Nor
is he much worried by alb
solute population figures; 1t
is the rate of increase and
the accompanying economic
phenomena that are the
source of concern.
Further, the situation
varies from nation to nation,
from area to area, and each
must be analysed separate
ly. Nevertheless, the general
disparity between developed
nations and under-developed
nations is vast: Fourteen
per cent of men have SIS per
cent of the income, whereas
"a per cent have only 20 per
cent. It is evident that
conflicts between social
classes have become far less
important than conflicts be-
tween nations"
This situation is viewed
not merely as deplorable but
as dangerous for the entire
world.
What, then, are the solu-
lions M. Sauvy examines?
They are many, but most
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-19
Inside South Africa

Robert Lanes recent letter
on the Republic of South
Africa asks: HAS the Union
government ever encouraged
the Africans to become edu-
cated?" The answer is "Yesl"
The progress made in the
Republic of South Africa in
Bantu primary, secondary and
university education far ex-
ceeds that of any other Afri-
can state or territory. At
present four out of every five
Bantu children are at school.
Each year there are 100000
new pupils and complete lit
eracy will be achieved with
in this generation; there are
500 school boards and 4,500
school committees on which
Bantu parents serve; there
are $4,000 Bantu teachers
and 48 training colleges with
a current enrolment of 5000
student teachers. In 1860
there were more than 1000
Bantu undergraduates and
three new university colleges
providing education for the
XhosaS, the Zulus and the
Northern Bantu peoples.
With reference to allega-
tons of abuse and genocide,
I would mention that the
Bantu population in South
Africa increased from 4,697,-
600 in 1911 to 10,808,O00 in
1860. This is due not only to
the cessation of er-tribal
warfare, but also to the free
medical and maternity serv-
ices introduced for the Bantu
by the South African Govern
ment.
The Baragwanath hospital
which serves the Bantu pop
ulation of Johannesburg and
its environS, is the largest
and best equipped in Africa
and the best in the world.
In social and medical Serv-
ices, housing and education,
South Africa per capita of
its Bantu population spends
considerably more than any
other State of Africa about
six times more!
Within the last two years
there has been rapid and or
derly progress of the differ
ent B antu peoples to full
self-government. The first
Bantu homeland to attain
this democratic development
is the Transkei where the
Transkeian people will take
the positive step towards at
tatnment of self government
early next year. This policy
finally enviSages a number
OF autonomous Bantu ma
lions alongside, and in CO.
operative association with,
the white nation-a. South
African commonwealth.
WiIlem I. Grobler,
Information Counsellor,
Embassy of South Africa.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-19
Tells Teen-Aqers

An "Open Letter to a Teen
Ager," handed out at a PTA
meeting in Manassas Park.
Va. typifies the dynamic"
leadership of our little COM
munity. Signed by L. D. Har-
ris. chief of police, Town of
Manassas Park, the letter
says:
Always we hear the plain
tive cry of the teen-agers:
What can we do? Where can
we go?"
1.-The answer is. Go
home!
Hang the storm windows.
paint the woodwork. Rake the
leaves. Now the lawn. Shovel
the walk. Wash the car. Learn
to cook. Scrub some floors.
Repair the sink. Build a boat.
Get a job.
Help the minister, priest
or rabbi. the Red Cross, the
Salvation Army. Visit the
sick. Assist the poor. Study
your lessons. And then when
you are through-and not
tired read a book.
your parents do not owe
you entertainment. Your vii
lage does not owe you rec
reation facilities. The world
does not owe you a living.
You owe the world some
thing. You owe it your time
and energy and your talents
so that no one will be at
war or in poverty, or sick,
or lonely again.
I'm plain simple words:
Grow up; quit being q cry
baby; get out of your dream
world; develop a backbone not
a wishbone. and start acting
like a man or a lady.
I'm a parent. I'm tired Of
nursing, protecting. helping,
appealing, begging, excusing,
tolerating, denying myself
needed comforts for every
whim and fancy, just because
your selfish ego instead of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-19

must be rejected as vain.
The notion that medical
progress ought to be restrict
ed as a means of reducing
population, for example, is
antihumanitarian and there
fore impractical.
Two solutions survive the
initial examination. First,
there is the economic solu-
ton, which consists in in
creasing the means Of sub
sistence at least as fast as
the number Of human
beings" Second, there is
the "demographic solution"
that is, "a showdown in the
growth of population, which
means -. a reduction in the
number of births"
THESE ARE VIEWED as
complementary and interde-
pendent. There are, however,
no panaceas. Each is replete
with fantastic difficulties,
and M. Sauvy is again at
great pains to demonstrate
the impoSsibility of ready
made solutions.
At every turn the obstacles
appear virtually insurmount-
able. The problem is to sepa-
rate these from those that
are literally so. No pet project
survives unscathed. Many
Americans will be especially
interested in the brief dem
onstration that land reform
under some circumstances
can produce urban starva-
ton.
Not that M. Sauvy is
against land reform or other
programs. He feels however
that we have a tendency to
blind ourselves to the diff
culties of programs we feel
desirable, and we may there
by destroy at least part of
their effectiveness. His ulti-
mate purpose is to point out
those approaches which have
the best chance of success
and the difficulties which
they may be expected to en-
counter, and at the same
time, to clear away a priori
theological notions which un-
necessarily restrict vision.
The reader will do well to
bear in mind that the book
was originally published in
1858. The discussion of Com
muniSt China's approach to
Topographic problems is at
least partly outdated as is
the short section devoted to
contraceptive pills. =
Then. in the midst Of all
this coruscating brilliance is
a curious and gratuitous SEN
tence that appears to laud
Belgian administration in the
Congo. A trifle to be sure,
but a warning to those who
ignore the authors own abb
torrance of dogmatism and
are tempted to make him a
household god.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-19
WATCHING THE WORLD
By CROSBY S. MOVES
Foreign Correspondent Of The Stor
.NATO-Cubon Analogy Bockfires
By CROSBY S. NO
Foreign Correspondent Of The Stor

the whole Administration,
evidently think it does.
There is no reason" the
NATO parliamentarians were
told, why the NATO coun-
tries cannot maintain con-
ventional forces that are at
least equal to those in East
ern Europe"
Theoretically-in terms Of
population and gross national
product-Mr. Ball may be on
solid ground. But for a large
part Of his audience, and for
virtually every observer in
Western Europe today, Moth
ing seems more unlikely than
a serious attempt to do what
, the Kennedy administration
Is prescribing for the alliance.
NATO today disposes Of
some % divisions in various
stages Of strength and COM
bat-readiness. BY conserva-
tive estimates, the Red army
alone is made up of $50 COM
bat-ready line divisions, 100
Of which are stationed in
Europe. This number, it is
believed, could be doubled
within a short time after the
outbreak Of war.
Situation Reversed
To many NATO leaders,
the idea Of trying to close
this colossal gap in conven-
tional arms is preposterous.
To these people, MIR. Balls
argument seems to overlook
the vital geographical factor
in the Cuban experience:
That the showdown took
place in an area of maximum
American strength and Rus
sian weakness.
The lawful dilemma" Of
choosing between nuclear
weapons and retreat most
certainly existed in Cuba, but
the dilemma was Mr.. Khru-
shchev's. In Europe today
and for the foreseeable flu
ture, the situation appears to
be almost exactly reversed.
Even if, by some miracle,
NATO was able to match the
weight of the Communist
conventional power that con-
fronts it, Cuban conditions
and our flexibility Of re-
Spouse there would hardly be
duplicated. The best that
could be done would be to
ellmlnaCe the clear superior
ity of conventional forces"
Mr.. Khrushchev enjoys in
that area today, making the
nuclear dilemma as awful for
one side as for the other.
Since this is certainly not
the case today and will not
be for many years, there are
those who question the wis
dom Of making such a point
Of the Cuban lesson. For
some, Mr.. Balls arguments
will raise new doubts about
the credibility of a nuclear
deterrent too terrible to use.
And the fear is that the per-
son who will draw the sharp
est conclusions from the /.
Cuban lesson may be Mr..
Khrushchev himself.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-19

on Cuba certainly encourages the belief
that Russia is weaker than the United
States in overall nuclear strength. The
Russians, Of course, may or may not try
to overcome or reduce our lead. But the
safety of the West rides on our super
iority, and we do not think any CANDLES
should be taken, either with respect to
Russia or Red China, which might cut it
down. a5,.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-19
H0mm0rskioId Stamp
WASHINGTON sNn

! am a stamp collector and
) I think the Postmaster Gen
eral did quite right in order
ing an additional printing
OF the stamp with the Ham
merSkjold error.
A number Of countries are
suspected of deliberately is
suing stamps with errors"
for the purpose of arousing
interest in the stamps of their
country and adding to their
treasures.
Since many collectors seek
completeness in whatever
they collect, they are obliged
to pay high prices for these
errors" or have gaps in
their collections.
The United States with its
enormous sales to collectors
cannot afford to sacrifice
their good will by permitting
even a semblance of skull
duggery.
There is one lesson collec-
tors might learn from this
affair. When you find some-
thing good, cash in on it fastl
George ID. WatrOus, Jr.
y 4 + =
The Government has gone
into the stamp counterfeiting
business, because any fraud
is just as much a fraud if it
is promoted by the Govern
nent as by any other body.
The year 1884 is closer
than you think when big
Brother" can stoop to slap
down some little man in the
rare stamp category"
so that every 12-year-old
boy can have a rare (sic)
Stamp!" That idea is so
ridiculous that it is unac-
ceptable.
Perhaps the Government
can go into the production
OF Civil War period pots and
pans; it seems to me they
are OF excessive value-and
antique copper should be no
production problem. Every
one could be an ANTIQUE pot
owner - guaranteed by the
United States to be of Civil
War manufacture!
The new Stamp Act" is
more odious than the old.
FOrlOrn Hope
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-19
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDriters' correct
names and addresses. All let.
ters are subject to condensG-
tionA Those not used iDiH be
returned only Dhen accom-
panied By self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-19
PARIS.

The effort to apply the
lessons Of Cuba to the mill
tary situation in Western
Europe is running into con-
siderable resistance among
the armchair strategists of
NATO.
The effort was launched at
the closing session Of NATO
parliamentarians' m e e ting
last week by Undersecretary
of State George Ball. AS one
of the chief planners of the
Cuban operation, Mr.. Ball
spoke for the administration
with unquestioned authority,
even though what he said
raised plenty of eyebrows in
his audience.
Mr.. Balls main argument,
based on the Cuban expert
ence, was for a massive--one
might say almost astronom-
tcal-increaSe in NATO'S
conventional military power.
Given the present nuclear
superiority of the West, he
argued, the risks likely to
arise in the future are not
those Of massive nuclear ex-
change. They are likely, on
the contrary, to take the
form Of localized political
and military pressures for
which a wide variety of re-
sponses short of about nu-
clear war would be appro-
pirate. And since NATO
forces, at the moment, are
inadequate for this increased
spectrum of military
choices" these forces should
be increased.
Familiar Plea
This Of course is a familiar
NATO doctrine. The plea for
stronger conventional forces
in NATO goes back many
years. 1t is given new en-
phasis, perhaps, by the APP
pointment Of Gen. Maxwell
Taylor as Chairman of the
Joint Chiefs of Staff. But it
is precisely in relation to the
Cuba experience that the
argument pressed by Mr.. Ball
ran into serious trouble.
Why was it, he asked his
audience, that in Cuba
the United States was able to
"modulate and attune" its
response so as to limit the
risk of nuclear war?
Surely" he replied, ut
was because we had the abil-
ity to deploy as required a
very large variety of land, sea
and air forces in the fashion
necessary to accomplish the
taks at hand. Because we had
a clear superiority Of con-
ventional forces, we were
never confronted with the
awful dilemma of having to
utilize major nuclear weapons
or to retreat from our objec-
tive"
Does this "lesson" have any
realistic application in West
ern Europe?
Mr.. Ball, and presumably
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-19

common sense dominates
your personality, and think
ing, and requests"
Charles L. Rowe.
Jackson advocate., 1962-11-10

pilot project and hopes to estab-
lish similar Institutes in all the
II districts.
Chief of the village where the
school is located has provided
100 acres of land for school use.
The Kenama district govern
ment has made available a trac-
tor with trailer, truck, cement
and other building materials.
Government Of Sierra Leone
has contributed a prefab house,
a landrover, and two prefab
dormitories.
DR.. Holland will be accom-
panied by Mrs. Holland on the
flight to Africa DR.. William H.
Martin, dean Of faculty at
Hampton Institute, who work
ed with DR.. Holland in the preli-
minary survey two years ago,
will leave November 16 to study
the personnel requirements for
future plans.
At the request Of the United
States government, DR.. Holland
and DR.. Martin will go also to
Nigeria to examine variety Of
educational programs.
Jackson advocate., 1962-11-10
Hampton Pres. . .

(Continued From Page One)
demic subjects is provided at
the training center.
Robert Rice, former assistant
dean Of faculty at Hampton
Institute, is principal at Ken
anna and Mrs. Rice teaches
home economics and child care.
Melvin Johnson, Hampton alum
nus, teaches agriculture.
"In setting up the program
DR.. Holland said, 1--WE felt that
it should be functional in nature
and that high priority should
be given to the application Of
educational experiences to COM
munity living. Therefore, the
curriculum grew out Of the iden-
tifiable needs Of the rural area,
and those receiving instruction
are expected to return to their
home communities with their
knowledge and improved skills. y
He cited, as an example OF
only one Of the challenges in
the program a preliminary
survey that revealed infant
mortality in Sierra Leone il
500 after six months.
"There is a definite need for
continuing work in maternal
health, hygiene, child care, and
nutrition" DR.. Holland continu.
ed. "The various foods consti.
tuting a balanced diet are avail.
able, but there is evidence OF
malnutrition due to lack OF
knowledge Of diet in the will.
ages"
In a recent U. S. Department
evaluation of the program, the
Hampton staff was described as
"bubbling with enthusiasm
energy and plans" and receiv.
ing full support of the commu.
nifty and government.
The government of Sierra
Leone is using the school as 6
Jackson advocate., 1962-11-10
|.AkA'S Plan
Workshop

Beta Delta Omega Chapter Of
Alpha Kappa Sorority announc-
es its second workshop for Sat-
urday, November 8, at Jackson
State College Education Build
ing from 2 : 6 o'clock p. m. This
workshop, sponsored for the
benefit of active members, of
the sorority has as its theme
"Sisterly Unity Sorority
Strength. Highlighting the
session will be an address by
Soror Julia Purnell, Southeast
ern Regional Director and can
didate for Supreme Basileus.
Other participants will be
members of Gamma Omicron,
Gamma Rho, and Gamma Phi
undergraduate chapters and
Beat Delta Omega graduate
chapter.
Soror Carolyn Washington is
basileus of the host chapter and
Soror Sarah Lang is chairman
of the workshop planning COM
mittee.
Jackson advocate., 1962-11-10

the Congo working on research
problems related to insect con-
troll, livestock husbandry, soils,
erosion, fertilizer applications,
and general crop improvement.
Milk production is said to be
promising in the eastern section
of the Country, but little is pro-
duced elsewhere. Under a Food
for Peace agreement announced
last Nov. the United States has
sold the Congo SIS, 100000 worth
of dairy products totaling 49,
678,000 pounds of dried and can
ned milk, cheese, and butter for
Congolese francs.
In addition, wheat, rice, corn,
poultry, canned fruit, and tobac-
CO are being shipped to the
country under the agreement
which covers purchases and
ocean transportation valued at
a total of $2O,4O0,OO0.
Vice Premier Sendwe said
Congo farmers produce a large
part of their food plus coffee,
cotton, palm oil, and rubber for
export. He plans to spend six
weeks in this country observing
agricultural and industrial pro-
duction methods. His tour has
been arranged by the African
American Institute.
The high Congo official was
accompanied to Beltsville by
Vladimir DeGraves, an official
interpreter of the State Depart
ment; and Sherman Briscoe,
USDA information specialist.
Mississippi 1862.
One of the outstanding fea-
lures of the Bel Air Estates is
that no two houses will be ex-
actly alike and the designs will
be varied in each New Unit.
The houses being constructed
for sale will range in price
from something over 100000 to
around $15,O0O.0O. More expen-
sive houses will be constructed
at the request of the buyer. No
rental houses will be constructed
anywhere on the estates.
The construction features in
cluded rear electric wiring and
underground telephone wiring
and is now complete with all
other facilities.
The Estate provides for some
300 units and when completed
will be valued at more than $4,-
100000.