davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1962-01-13
Manager For
PLATTER" Dies
In Los Angeles

LOS ANGLES-James BattlStc,
-. road manager for the Plat
ters" died Jan. ?. lie was the
second member of the famous
singing group to be stricken by
death in the past six months.
Last July 4 Rupert Brankcr,
the Platters' pianist. director and
coach, was bludgconcd to death
near the corner OF Hoover and
42nd street. The killer, believed
TO have been bent on robbery,
has not been found.
Battistc. who has been ar
ranging the tours both in this
country and abroad died in Tenn
pie Hospital at 1870 am. after
suffering an heart attack. He had
been hoSpitalized for one week.
A native Of Baton Bouge, La,
Battistc suffered a heart attack
while on toui IN Mexico City
last October 30 and was hospital
lied there for one month before
he was allowed to return to Los
Angeles Nov. 30.
When the PlaticrS made their
most recent trip which took them
TO Japan. Battistc stayed behind.
His buddics returned on the
morning of his death.
Funeral services were held
at the Angelus Funeral
Home at 10 am. Burial was in
Lincoln Memorial Cemetary.
The we'll known bus. ess a.
gent is survived by his wife, Vic
kie, and five children.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1962-01-13
NAACP Now Has
Legal Basis For
Southern Fight

New York-Thc NAACP compile
ted establishment of a legal baS-
Is for protecting its members and
activities from judicial and leg.
islative attacks during 1861.
Robert l : Carter. fhe Assoc,.
atoms genera! counsel, address
ing IFS annual meeting here on
Jan z. added that the NAAcP
must now turn IFS atfentio
norfhward TO school desegrega.
ton. Jobs and housing"
He pointed out that recent de
cisions of the L. S. Supreme
Court have extended and more
firmly established the right OF
the NAACP's members not to
have their names revealed by
authorities.
Mr. Carter said that there is
no doubt. under law, that NAACP
may engage in peace.
full picketing and peaceful tao
ties aimed at bringing equal
treatment for Negroes from bust
ness establishments.
This same law also covers the
right of Negroes to use peace.
ful persuasion in order TO bring
home 10 their local community
the fact that discrimination is
being practiccd and should be
abolished"
The General Counsel indicated
that the United States Supreme
Court now has before il q case,
originating in Virginia, which
will determine such basic ques-
lions as:
can the NAAcP continue 70
finance civil rights litigation?
Can the NAAcP continue 70
urge Negroes 10 assert their
cons tifvtionsl rights in
court I?
can lawyers continue 70 act as
counsel in such NAAcP-spon-
sored cases with out them
selves, the NAAcP or IFS mem.
bers being guilty Of violating
the law?
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1962-01-13
Law Graduates
Pass Bar High

Recent statistics released by
the Wayne State University Law
School show that 90 per cent
of its graduates taking their bar
examinations for the first time
last September passed.
Sevenfy-two Of the rs who
took the exam were successful
The q6 per cent average COM
pered with o2.5 per cent for
September, 1860.
Figures for both day and eve
ming graduates were comparable.
OF the SO day students who took
the examination 81, or 96.2 per
cent, passed. OF the % evening
graduates who took the examina-
ton 81, or 95.5 per cent, were
successful.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1962-01-13
Patrick To Propose
Ban on Rent Cougmg

Councilman William T. Pat
rick, Jr, is preparing to intro
ducc an ordinance to curb arbl-
trary and outrageous rent IN.
creases in apartment or roomlng
house rents when Negroes move
in and whites leave.
Patrick also will propose
public hearing in order that eif-
izens will have the chance to
expose before the liberal Sd
majority in Defroits council Just
how rent gousins has become
a practice of some real estate
firms.
Tenants in several parts of
Detroit have brought the matter
to the attention of Patrick and
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1962-01-13
CORE Demon lz.ulgs
In Alabama Theatres
IS "Sit-In' At
8 Branches OF
Chain Stores

HUNTSVILLE, Ala.-CORE de-
monStrations flared at lunch
counters and drive-in theatres
in Huntsville, Ala.
Seventy-five members of Hunts.
vile CORE satin at the lunch
counters of six branches of chain
stores for more than an hour
Demonstrations occurred at the
Woolworth, w. L Grant, Muir
ply. Walgreen, Mcclellan, and
Sears Roebuck branches.
CORE Field Secretary Henry
Thomas reports that one white
customer said TO be the manager:
You might have done the Chris.
fian thing. III never spend snoth-
err penny in this store until Me-
sroes are served" A white youth
said. "oh boy, sit-in."
Inc previous evening COHE
members had participated in
drive-in demonstration at the
Parkview Theatre and at Wood
les Drive-In in the north Ala
bama community. Police officers
checked licenses of CORE mem
bers and of regular customers
alike. The resulting confusion
resulted in half-empty theatres.
Later. Thomas was stopped by
city detective Daniels who asked
for identification. Thomas show.
ed his CORE Field Secretary
Identification and insisted on
being addressed as mr.. Thorn
as"
Detective Daniels, replied, ITO
me you're Just a ---------.---.--.-.
:" Daniels spat on Thorn
as car but did use the term OF
respect.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1962-01-13
STEPPED : up PROGRAM
PLEDGED BY WILKINS
Mrs. Anna Merritt,
U.S.. Probation
officer

Mrs. Anna s. Merritt be-
came q member Of the staff
Of the United States Probation
Office here last week. Mrs.
Merritt, 1904 Psrkside, is
the first Negro woman in fhe
country 10 become a federal
probation officer.
She has been probation Of
ficer with Recorders Court
for II years.
A graduate Of Toledo Uni
versity, Mrs. Merritt also did
graduate work in social SER
vice at the University Of Mich
igan.
Richard Doyle, chief Y. s.
probation officer in Detroit,
said about II per cent Of the
cases handled by his office
involve women.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1962-01-13
DmgeH Stronger
ActI0n On HC Rules

some areas are either ignoring
the order or attempting to thwart
the government in protecting the
rights of the travelling public.
Il propose to scrutinize the sit.
uation to determine whether adj.
ditional legislative action is ne
cessary to assure early and full
compliance by all persons Of
this regulation"
Dingell pointed out that he has
urged the Attorney General to
step up his activity in enforcing
the administrative order and has
communicated his feelings on the
matter to the ice chairman.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1962-01-13

his fellow liberal councilman
Mel Ravitz.
Families will testify they re.
ceived eviction notices because
they struck against paying rent
hikes of as much as SIS to $50
a unit after the building changed
from an all-white to inter-raclal
occupants.
Atty. John Conycrs is drafting
the ordinance to be presented
TO Patrick.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1962-01-13
New Jobs For Negroes

NEW YORK - NAACP youth
units extended sit-ins for access
to equal public accommodations
to include a drive for job oppor-
tunities. during 1861.
The youth secured l66 new jobs
for Negroes in IL cities. Durham,
NC. led with 81 persons being
employed in local stores and
businesses in positions ranging
from sales clerks, to an assistant
supervisor and, in one case, a
buyer,
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1962-01-13

WASHINGTON, - Rep. John
d. Dingell this week urged far
more vigorous action" in the en-.
forcement OF the Interstate Com.
m cree Commission regulation
outlawing segregation in bus ter.
minals.
Although the Attorney Gen.
ersI has pushed 10 enforce The
Icc order ovtlswins segregation
in the use OF bus terminus! fseili.
ties for United States travellers
In interstate commerce, fsF
more vigorous action Is needed
for full compliance" he said. i.
Dingcll said lawless groups in
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1962-01-13
UnskiIIed Negro Worker
Hit BY Attenuation,
Bios

NEW YORK. - More than
half of all "unskilled Negro
workers in the country we're un-
employed for substantial per.
iods during 1861. Herbert Hill,
NAACP labor secretary, report
ed to the Associations annual
meeting here on Jan. 2.
He attributed the decline in
unemployment TO automation
and racial discrimination.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1962-01-13
Weaver Withdrows AS
NAACP Board Member

NEW YORK The withdrawal
of Robert C. Weaver, Federal
Housing and Home Finance Adj
ministrator, from membership on
the Board of Directors of the
National Association of the Ad-
vancemcnt of Colorcd People.
was accepted with regret by
the NAACP Board at its first
regular monthly meeting here on
Jan. 2.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1962-01-13
Mrs. Roosevelt Attends
NAACP Annual Meet

NEW YORK - Mrs. Eleanor
Roosevelt was among the $50
NAACP officers and members
who attended the Association 5
annual meeting here on Jan. ,.
Mrs. Roosevelt. who has been a
member of the NAACP Board of
Directors since 1915. remained
to attend the Board session fol
lowing the annual meeting.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1962-01-13
THE TWO WEATHERS.

1.-THE TWO WEATHERS.
DEVILS ADAkI-EvE LORD GODS (Cen. III.
etc., EXCESS HEAT. COLD etc. OF SATAN
BOUND: JUDAISM. re-. PR0TEsTANTIsM,
|MATERIA MEDICA. ct AL! The UNIVERSE IS
1907 The MANIFESTATION OF THOUGHT!
Gods Christ Scientist:
TN ATMOSPHERE OF LOVE DIVINE, WE LIVE.
AND MOVE. AND BREATHE" AND HAVE OUR BEING
l. CHRISTIAN SCIENCE HYMN
HEAVEN AT HAND - WITHIN YOU! E-x-c-L.U
sIvE REALITY OF GODS HEAVEN AND ETERNAL
LIFE - NO BIRTHS DEATHS. SIN. MATTER, HELL AND
THEIR FATHER THE DEVIL - GIGANTIC ADAM-EvE
FRAUDS AND MYTHS ! Genesis I:26: - MAN -
GODS IMAGE - DIVINE ~: GODS MALE AND FEMALE
IN ONE AS PER C-H-lL-D-L-E-S-S JESUS AND GREAT
EST. MARY BAKER EDDYS MORE THAN 40 YEARS!
v. 81: land GOD SAW EVERY THING THAT HE
THE ONE REAL PARENT CREATOR - HoNoRED
BY THE cH-L-D-L-Es-s CHRIST JEsUs!I HAD MADE
AND. BEHOLD. 1T WAS l---ES-l VERY GOOD!
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1962-01-13

a myth Of superiority on the
basis Of skin color.
Mr.. Young urged that Ameri-
cans reverse our norms and
make lncluSivcncss our virtue
cur value and our goal" rather
than "exclusivencss based on
other criterion that skin pigmen-
tation."
Continued on Page 81
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1962-01-13
MIRROR OF WORLD OPINION
1.-THE BEST BOMB SHELTER"

The Christian Science Monitor: as per The Canadian
Baptist (Toronfo)
After the worst bombing OF Britain during World war
u message came 10 Us from Christians there. "
said very simply Have fear for We enduring
IN the spirit of Psalm 81"
That is the spirit in which should live in these
dangerous days Let give in to fear or fafhless
faslsm.
See SHELTER, Page
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1962-01-13
THE NATIVE N0THINCNEss" OF
DEVILS ADAMS, Ewes, KNAvES, FOOLS. BORN
OF SINNERS. WOMAN. UNClEAN F.! (Job) :
TEENS PLAY CHICKEN ON RI TRACKS"

The State Journal, Lansing I2-28
CLEVELAND, Dec. 70 tAP)-A group of feen-asers
here have found way of playing Chicken Instead Of
hurting each other in cars they stand in the path of
railroad trains. The first to Jump clear is Chicken
See TEENS. Page
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1962-01-13
leonfyne Price
Replaced in Concert

The Nellie Watts Patron Of
the Arts announces that the
Leoniyne Price Concert has
been cancelled. Miss Price
will be replaced by baritone
William wsrfield. 9 pm. SUM-
dsy Feb. 4 81 the Scottish
Rite Temple.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1962-01-13
POLL ON FITNESS
ARE AMERICANS SOFT?
FEW ExERC else REGULARLY"

BY George Gallup. Director. American Institute IS
Public Opinion
Princeton. N. J. N Y Trib u22h,
|coD VIA HIS DETROIT TRIBUNE:
BY ANDREW F. FRuEHAUF. c.s.
THAT IS NOT SO IMPORTANT WE, JESUS ANpI
DECLARE that The FLESH PRoFTETH NOTHING.
|IT IS THE SPIRIT THAT oUIcKENETH Tue wopnc
THAT SPEAK UNTO YOU. THEY ARE SPIRIT AND
THEY ARE LIFE! John 663 re. 64
See FITNESS, PAGE z
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1962-01-13

SEE BACK PAGE FOR REVELATIONS OF
: EXCLUSIVE REALITY = ETERNAL PERFECTION
OF GODS CREATION = YOUR TRUE BEING =
AND EXPOSURE OF THE MYTHS = DEVIL.
HELL. SIN. BIRTHS. DISEASE. DEATH. WARS.
MATTER !! ADAM-EvE. MURDER0US CAIN.
JUDAS "CHASTLY FARCE" : POOLING SAUlS
VI TARSUS. 20 YEARS PLUS RIP VAN WRINKLE:
N0N-CHRIST SCIENTIST CLERGY LAYMEN.
LEADERS. MASSES
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1962-01-13
"CP FIRES ARE RULED ACCIDENTAL"
GREASE FIRE IN THE KITCHEN" STARTED
THE RESTAURANT FIRE

TIE RESTAURANT FIRE
Authorities said Friday the two Thursday night fires in
Crosse Ponte Farms-one in Al Green's On the Hill res
fauran the other in dry cleaners and hardware
we're absolutely accidental" lsAYs THE DEVIL j
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1962-01-13

WMUZ, 1885 FM., NOW HEARD AT 9:l5 AN.
INSTEAD OF 100 AM
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1962-01-13

king OF KINGS"
AT UNITED ARTISTS THEATRE A MASTERPIECE!
OF GENIUS f! WILL MOVE TO OTHER LOCATIONS
SOON. 3 HOURS = TOTAL TIME.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1962-01-13

Continued on Page 81
The Detroit tribune., 1962-02-10
VIC VET
SAYS

Q II am a widow Of World
War ii veteran who died early
this year, but am ineligible for
death pension this year because
insurance proceeds puts my an
nual income this year above
$1,000. the ceiling set by law in
determining eligibility for pen
son for widow with depend
cnts. Is it true, as I've been told.
that my two small children may
be eligible?
A. Yes. they may be. " there
is no widow, or IL the widow is
Ineligible. minor children Of the
veteran are eligible, IL the chiId's
annual income does not exceed
81 800, not counting his own
earnings. One child will receive
S35 a month; each additional
child adds SIS a month. An un.
married child is eligible until
sge l8, or until IL, if in an ap-
proved school.
O. My discharge from war.
time military service was under
honorable conditions, but later I
served another period OF active
duty and received a dishonorable
discharge. Could be admitted 10
a VA hospital?
a - The Sc ond dischsrae
wovIc not bar you from va hos
pifaIirstion. Under the eirevm-
stances, you still retain your eli.
slbiIity for medical benefits
which you gained through war
service. But you cannot be buried
in a National cemefsry.
Q-I am a peacetime veteran.
Am ! eligible to enter a VA DOM
iciliary?
A - Yes. bot you must be per-
mainly disabled, have been dis
ehsrsed for a disability incurred
IN line OF duty o.. be receiving
compensation for a erviee-inevr-
red or serviee-sssrsv}sed dissbiI.
ify, have no sdeqvsk means OF
support. be inespseifafed from
earning a living and meet Ger.
tain other reqvirmsnss.
The Detroit tribune., 1962-02-10
A SITUATION. =.
THAT Calls FOR AN INVESTIGATE

The following article BY John Dornberg was released
by the public relations department OF the magazine lhs
Month
Although this publication does not uphold shady dives
any anytime the following situation calls for an
investigation
American seryicemen ARE exporting racial violence
and segregation Europe wholesale. says the Marcn
issue Of the mex magazine This Month
John Dornberg IN an article titled Jim Gro" lraVes
Abroad writes. The problem has grown so steadily that
can no longer be ignored During twelve-monh perl
Cd alone s soldiers stationed in Western Germany we're
responsible for racial killings still unsoved hu
rlux klan letter campaign Hell as several knihngs
countless bar riots numerous assaults and bomb al
tack that involved white vs. Negro Gls.
Despite this record Of violence American military
authorities nave pa,ed ostrich The impression these out
bIrsts leave on NAIO ahe however is hardly favorable
to American foreign policy And that not the worst Of II
he effect they have on esprit de corps Of sercemen
day impair the defensive stance Of our overseas
forces
The situation IS complicated by the fact that seq
rcgaon being practced-on ofduty time For all prac-
teal considerations this beyond the reach of IS e.
>llan military we'll Nell as local British French
German laW Although racial discrimination illegal
inside the military services virtually restrictions regu-
ate the aord3l behavior seryicemen Once away from
camp GIs their lney free to practice as
and mmoyabie jim Crow way OF lite as they desire
The author instances OF riots involving
white and Negro soldiers that stem from segregation prac
tees Of cafes and inns These establishments the article
SAYS are patronzed exclusively By servcemen and native
civilians than questionable character There are
shady dives 1hte and shady dives for the coored
The pr0pretors they enforce the color lines because
the customers "3n il that way
The Detroit tribune., 1962-02-10
BY JOHN 3. SWANSON

As We look about our beauti-
ful state We can see evidence on
every hand OF mounting press
ures 10 white away more and
more Of our natural resources.
our best recrcaiional lands are
being denied to our people
We sec our cities growing.
stgawllng ana eon-umln more
md more Of our rual lands. and
industries presenting additional
demand. for land water and
timber
Michigan wants and needs 70
encourage such growth. but II
must be planned if our rccrea-
iicnal lands are not to be devas
lated
The t.mc fcr action is now
for the opportunities We have to-
Cay viii be gone in few years
As leasure time increases, we
need 70 utilize every approach
20 increase the recreation oppor-
tvnities for our people. Our mag
rificent highways make all reere-
alton lands more accessible, but
the pressing need for recreation
lands is for local and regional
parks near the concentrations Of
people they are 70 serve.
While the state has an obliga-
ton - acquire and develop such
lands many Of the recreational
opportunities are clearly the busl.
hess Of private and commercial
entcrprise-such as the expand
.ng SKIING industry. bowling and
trailer camping
In recent message TO Legisla-
turc. proposed several steps ]
believe TO be essential to orderly
and beneficial development of
our rccreational lands.
Development OF a program
Tor camp grounds on state game
areas. including land acquisition
wherever necessary in ST, Clair.
Livingston. Gratiot, Montcalm,
Ionia, Muskegon and Barry coun-
ties.
q Development Of forestry
camp grounds in Delta. Mackinac,
Menominee. Emmett, Charlevoix,
Antrim, Crawford. Grand Trav-
crse, Chcboygan counties and
Sturgeon River State Forest at
Carney Lake.
The Detroit tribune., 1962-02-10
Urges Use Of
Safety Belts

The second phase OF the big
gest safety billboard program
ever sponsored in Detroit is nov
Underway, with 81 business and
industrial concerns cooperating
in the program.
This phase is tied in with the
national program to promote the
use OF safety belts, Nearly LOG
billboards are carrying the illus
tration Of a little girl riding IN
an automobile. with the message
Keep Her Safe With A Ssfef,
Belt"
The third phase Of the three.
month program will start in
March, when fhe poster, Avoid
dish-Speed crowding" will be
erected. The first poster was
Traffic Sight Is Less At Night
Be Alert |"
The messages are tied in with
the Detroit traffic safety program
and have been developed with
the assistance of the Traffic
safety Association.
A national survey conducted
recently by the National Safety
Council showed that more than
% per cent of the cars in the
country were not equipped with
safety belts, although car own
ers for the most part agreed that
they were effective safety de.
wees. II was pointed out that
many organizations and private
companies were conducting cam.
paigns to promote the use oi
safety belts and that this was
having some effect.
One state in the nation, Wis.
consin, recently enacted a law
that all new cars sold after Jan.
uary |, 1862, must be equipped
with two safety belts in the front
seat.
The Detroit tribune., 1962-02-10

3 A stepped-up program for
public fishing sites in % differ
ent counties throughout the state.
I Extensive capital outlay pro.
lects al 20 state parks and recre-
alton areas 10 be financed
through the park free program al
ready authorized by the Legisla-
turc ! recommend that the re-
naming s5-miilIon Of the Si01
million total authorized by the
Legislature through the Issuance
cf park bonds be approved now.
have further suggested that
Michi IAN consider aquisition and
Improvement Of dams construct
Cd in past years by private con
Germs. but no longer in use today.
This would be possible through
cooperation with watershed ac-
t'vitles and responsibilities Of the
federal government. The waters
and surroundings could be de
'eloped for various recreational
activities
In addition. | have proposed
that Michigan explore arrange
ncnts with private firms and
fhe federal government to en-.
hance recreational development
on our rivers. since private devel.
opmcnts around our inland lakes
are 50 extensive il requires ex.
pensive effort to provide even
minimum public access to these
waters.
II is obvious that in our high
ly industrialized state we need
10 provide respite from the high.
ly productive labors of all our
people. or make a mockery of
our democratic detectives and
fail our moral responsibilities.
The Detroit tribune., 1962-02-10

This is an age in which
human thinking is being cor,
rected in A m erica ana
throughout the world. TINS
is an age in which the hu-
man race is learning tha'
there are no mistakes in d.
vine Principle. - in reality
God alone is mans life.
However. we must all
guard against prejudice IN
the minds OF men. Soul. the
true substance of life. brings
man under the law OF the
"ONE MIND" and our duty
is to give thanks TO God. IN
humility. for all of the good
He has bestowed upon us.
The divine Mind is able to
control 1erring human think
inc" through divine Truth
and Love.
Humanity is checking on
the weights and balances OF
matter and material beliefs
and finding them lacking BY
turning to Soul and Spirit
exceeding power TO solve
human problems is found
Mary Baker Eddy wrote.
(p. ATT. Science and Health
With Key To The Scriptures
Soul is the substance.
Life, and intelligence OF man,
which is individualized, but
not in matter. Soul can never
reflect anything inferior TO
Spirit"
MAN is the Expression Of
Cod"
The Detroit tribune., 1962-02-10

NEW YORK Notable I'M
provemcnts in some aspects Of
race relations and civil rights.
accomplished in the year Just
past. form the focal point Of the
National Urban League year-end
report. issued recently
Henry Stcegcr. NUL president.
in announcing release OF the four
page digest of the Leagues 1861
activities across the nation. drew
particular attention 10 the follow
ing excerpt from the Introductory
paragraph of the document. as /;
relates TO the advance noted
In some measure these gains
are due to a more positive lead.
ership excrted by the Executive
Branch Of the Federal Govern.
ment.
Courageous action BY dedicated
young people-Negro and white
land Federal concern that laws
be enforced made a tangible inn
provement in the public's atti-
Jude toward the Negros struggle
for first class citizenship"
Despite these gains. Mr. Steeg-
er said in referring to the year.
end roundup. the report discloses
also that Negroes are still boxed
out Of broad Job fields because
of discriminatory hiring as well
as by hostile unions" and the
fact that Negro graduates are
increasing faster than their alb.
sorption into job levels utilizing
their skills."
On the brighter SIDE. and spe-
officially with regard TO the i'm
pact Of the Urban League pro.
gram during 1851. the NUL pres
ident cited the following from
among noteworthy examples Of
advances reflected in the report:
u A conference Of executives
from so major corporations and
officials from ten Negro colleges.
held in New York last spring
under the auspices of the null