davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-09-09

to try to measure the risk. We
carefully investigate every report
that comes to us, and take what
ever corrective action is neces-
sary. At the extreme. we suspend
or penalize the pilot or controller.
At the least, we find out what
happened, and publish the find
ings."
Mr.. Halaby is proposing to hire
1900 more Government employees
in his agency. He asked Congress
for an FAA budget of $791 million
for the 1868 fiscal year, SCI mil
lion more than 1862, including
SIS million for Federal grants to
local airports.
"They don't need that many
people," Gen. Quesada said. 1--WE
should take care of the natural
growth of aviation by increasing
efficiency, not by increasing bu-
reaucracy."
But Mr.. Halaby said the extra
money is mostly for air controllers
and maintenance men needed to
operate and service additional air
navigation and communications
equipment being put into service.
Congress provided for new tow
ers and service centers and radar
stations" he said. Nov we have
to man them"
Gen. Quesada claims that his
successor hasn't been as tough"
in cracking down on air safety
violations as the former admin
istration. Mr.. Halaby replied that
there has been no relaxation in
inforcing the rules. but there has
been greater assurance Of a fair
hearing and due process" for the
accused.
FAA figures show there were
Evening star., 1962-09-09

my voice whether they could see
me or not. Listenl He shouted
hoarsely through the night. to q
passing truck. Hey, what outfit
is that2' Company c Of the 18th
Infantry, General Roosevelt q
hearty voice called back"
Theory Of Discipline
The 1st Division was q good
outfit, hard hitting but demand
ing Of reward. Its commander,
Mai. Gen. Terry Allen, and Roose-
welt. his assistant division COM
mander. were similar in many
ways. Discipline to them was al
most not essential to success in
battle. They felt their personal
leadership and inspiration were
enough to win. They we're un-
orthodox in many ways. They led
Evening star., 1962-09-09
Changes in Air Safety Program Holly Disputed,

compiled worldwide aircraft cas-
ualty figures through 1851 pur-
porting to show:
In piston planes Of the DC 81
type, four out of every 100 planes
manufactured has been totally
destroyed in accidents; the
destruct rate Is one every so days.
or around one every 100000 flying
hours.
The loss rate in turbo-prop
planes of the Electra and Viscount
types increased to five out Of every
100 manufactured, q loss rate Of
one every six weeks or per 100000
hours; the cost Of the planes in
creased significantly to around IS
million per aircraft.
Preliminary experience with pure
Jets shows q destruct rate Of one
a month or one every 100000
hours; the cost Of the planes has
gone up even more. to round $40
million per aircraft.
FAA safety officials claim these
figures are not significant. that
the true yardStick should be the
number of accidents per 100000
flying hours or per 100 million
passenger miles flown.
Other Viewpoint
BY the yardstick of 100000 fly
ing hours, the rate Of air carrier
accidents in piston planes declined
from 30 in 1855 to IL in 1861.
The rate in jets dropped even
more dramatically from 8.6 in 1855
to 80 last year, and 2.9 so far
in 1862.
The fatal accident rate this year
per 100000 flying hours has
amounted to 2-10ths Of ! per cent
in piston planes, and 4-l0ths of
/ per cent in turbine aircraft.
An FAA official pointed out: "The
Jet engine has a lower factor Of
mechanical failure than the piston
engine. At the outset Of this ad-
ministration, Halaby appointed
three major task force to make
recommendations. One. called
Horizon" proposed national avi-
alton goals. Another, called
"Tightrope," suggested new regu-
latory and rule making proce-
dures for FAA.
The third. called Beacon" pro-
posed that FAA should build its
own air traffic control system
with radar beaconS and computers
at an estimated cost Of $500 mil
lion, instead Of using Jointly with
the military the SAGE system al
ready installed at cost Of more
than 81 billion.
All the persons who served on
these task forces" came from
outside the Government. QueSada
claims some of them represented
special interests" seeking to sell
something to the Government, or
trying to influence FAA regulatory
policies.
Evening star., 1962-09-09
Peace Corps Success
lmpresses Imitotors

enlightening its Colonial areas
with a generous influx of young
volunteers who will be willing to
take thankless Jobs without con-
cern for rewards or advancement.
lsruel Has Corps
Israel already has a Peace
Corps operating in Africa and
Italy is planning g to establish
training programs for African
technicians. More than 35 ma
tions have shown interest and
each of them is studying the
Peace Corps concept and the
United States operation to learn
how it can be adapted to local
requirements.
After all the interested countries
meet in Puerto Rico next month
and these far-flung efforts are
launched, Peace Corps missions
into undeveloped countries are
likely to assume a different aspect.
The countries which need help
will apply to an international
secretariat whose officials will
summon a consortium of the
countries that are interested in
making it available. The specific
teaching talents needed in each
place will be provided from the
pool of volunteers whose services
have been offered by the partici-
pating countries. These foreign
adaptions Of the Peace Corps may
develop before a domestic version
materializes in the United States,
which is quicker to .countenance
a federal army of do-gooders
abroad than at home.
But the movement is on here
too and it seems certain to de-
velop because the intrinsic vail
dity Of the Peace Corps concept
has been quickly and solemnly
established at home as well as
abroad.
Evening star., 1962-09-09

Regarding project Beacon, he
said ''it would be naive to expect
anything from this group except
to throw away what we've got,
and start all over. If this were
done every time the administra-
ton changed hands, it could cost
the taxpayers billions"
He said that bureaucracy likes
to have its own system without
regard to cost" whereas both mill
tary and civil aviation should be
able to use the existing radars,
computers, and air traffic control
facilities of. the existing SAGE
system. ~. ..te,
FAA claims that the Beacon re-
port showed it would be less ex-
pensive to design, and build a
whole new system for civil avia-
tion, than it would be to adapt
the SAGE military system for COM
mon use. But the Kennedy admin
istration has not yet asked Con-
gress to appropriate any funds
for the proposed new FAA system.
Special Interest choree
As for consorting with the.
special interests" he is supposed
to regulate, Halaby said:
II travel in the field at q rate
Of 100000 miles a year. I have
frequent talks with airline pilots
and general aviation groups. I 60
to our centers and towers and
regional headquarters. Most of
these places were never visited
before by the FAA administrator.
We're not here Just to regulate,
but to serve the public"
Finally. some Congressman are
becoming interested in the in
surance aspects Of air safety.
Preliminary investigation by the
House Commerce Committee In
dicates that most of the nations
airlines are insured by one of two
general Syndicates, each represent
ing consortium of private in
surance companies who share the
risks, with clauses in policies
prohibiting them from suing one
another. g
Gen. Quesada claims that the
public is getting "gypped" on air.
line trip insurance, because air.
port operators lease their insur-
ance concessions to the highest
bidder, with no competition be-
tween insurance vendors at the
airports.
Mr.. Halaby said he didn't know
about this, "but it's an intriguing
idea" He said he would like to
see "the best insurance at the
least possible cost" If there is
any fixing or restraint of
trade, he said. it could be the
basis for a Federal antitrust ac-
ton. But the FAA administrator
added: 81 don't believe the Federal
Government should be fixing in
surance rates"
Evening star., 1962-09-09
Modern Music

7 have q rather one-track love
IN quartettes. After listening to
whatever others, it is pure delight
to hear Haydn turn loose and
show definitively how the thing
should be done. OF all the great
ones, Beethoven's gives me least
pleasure. Sinful fellow, eh?' I
suppose so, but there it is. The
other day I heard the Philhar-
monic do Roussel's Third: -
strange stuff, I don't understand
It. 1t reminded me of Wortman's
cartoon of a woman leaning out
of & tenement window, and calling
across the court: Hey, Annie,
how do you tell when sauerkraut's
gone bad9" From Selected Letters
Of Albert Jay Mock (Caxton Press)
Evening star., 1962-09-09
By PAUL MARTIN
North American Newspaper Alliance

A controversy over air safety is
fostering in aviation circles.
Exponents of conflicting points
of view are Najeeb E. Halaby, AZ,
Federal aviation administrator in
the Kennedy administration, and
Gen. Elwood r. "Pete" Quesada,
SO. who held the same job under
former President Eisenhower.
Both are pioneer pilots who
have flown modern supersonic
jets. Each is we'll acquainted with
the people and problems of both
civil and military aviation.
Mr.. Halaby was a Los Angeles
lawyer and test pilot. He was Sec
retary treasurer of Aerospace
Corp, technical adviser to the Air
Force on missile and space prob
lens. He served as vice chairman
of White House study group in
1955-1957 which recommended
creation of FAA.
World War II Leoder
Peppery pete Quesada led the
allied tactical air force in Europe
during World War II, and later
became commander of all United
States tactical aircraft. Now in
retirement, he is best know as
pilot of the Washington baseball
club. He also is a director of a
number of corporations, including
American Airlines.
He took over as the first head
Of FAA January /, 1859, after the
new agency was created by Con-
gress, upon the recommendation
of Gen. Edward P. Tied" Curtis of
Rochester. N. Y. q vice president
of Eastman Kodak Co., who
served in 1956-1958 as Gen.
EiSenhower's special avia ion
adviser.
Mr.. Curtis made a report on
funds and facilities that would be
needed for air safety in the jet
age during the next 20 years that
won him a Collier trophy. Gen.
Quesada says "it was an excellent
report" and that practically
every one of its recommendations
was implemented."
Policy Quondory
The controversy between Que
sada and Halaby is over what
the new administration is doing to
change the policies and pro-
cedures at FAA as laid down in
the Curtis air safety program dur
ing the Eisenhower regime.
This is a matter of great public
interest, since it affects the serv-
ice, safety and expenses of all
who travel on the civil airlines of
the Nation, as well as costs to the
taxpayer for aviation subsidies.
Gen. Quesada claims that under
Mr.. Halaby's management, the
FAA is slipping back under con-
Evening star., 1962-09-09

1922 violation reports filed in Is
different categories but affecting
primarily arimen's certificates in
1859, compared to 4,603 during the
last year of the Eisenhower ad-
ministration in 1860, and 1913
during the first Kennedy year in
1861.
Mr.. Halaby said he couldn't ex-
plain the drop in reports last
year, but he was going to find
out. He thought maybe certificate
holders were being more careful,
or that the FAA inspectors were
separating the "willful" from the
'unintentional" violations Of safe
ty regulations.
Proficiency Increases
More air miles are being
flown" he declared. "The prof.
cheney of pilots is increasing.
Maintenance standards on air.
craft have improved generally.
Our inspection and surveillance
has increased. Even though the
airlines are carrying more people.
the number of fatalities per pas
senger miles flown has been i'm
proving.
''The accident rate is not in
creasing with the number of near
misses reported by any means.
1861 was one Of the safest years
in aviation history. I don't be-
lieve that 1862 will be a bad year
We have frightened up on Federal
regulation of nonscheduled air.
lines. We have stringent new laws
against the skyjacker. But there
are still too many air drunks who
are disorderly and dangerous in
flight"
British aviation experts have
Evening star., 1962-09-09
A Soldiers Story: Roosevelt Style

In 1943 Quentin's name was no
longer banned. Ted was men-
toned when he became sick in
London. ~
Mrs. Roosevelt says: who YVES
responsible for this strange edict
and what was behind it will prob
ably never be known"
Crippled by Arthritis
By the time he reached Sicily
for his second invasion, Teddy
was using cane because Of artfi+
ritis. He had two teeth broken BY
a mortar fragment in Sicily. He
made junior officers ashamed be-
cause Of his physical and mental
stamina. Before Christmas Ia
1943 he Joined the French Army
near Casino in the cold, muddy
and bloody fighting Of the Itali-
an mountains. When he left, Gen.
JUN said, "all French soldiers in
the army know and love you"
After his third H-hour assault
with the French in Corsica In
1943, Bradley called for Roosevelt
to come to England and prepare
for the Normandy assault. He
must have been the Oldest man in
the invasion.
Prior to D-day Roosevelt came
Storming into q battalion COM
mander's office and asked in ef-
feet. What the hell are you wor-
rying about?" plans, plans,
plans" was the answer. To which
he replied: Whatever your plan
the boys are Just. going right in
there and throw in all they've got.
What d oyou want with all Of this
paper2" a
Bradley wanted Roosevelt to 90
in with the 4th Division on Utah
Beach because it was q green,
untried outfit. When he heard
Bradley tell the Officers that they
would have ringside seats at the
greatest fight in history, Ted re-
sponded: "Ringside hell! Wen be
in the arena" ass =.
Letter to His Wife
AS time ran out he wrote to
his wife, as soldiers often do on
the eve Of battle: We've had q
grand life and I hope there win
be more. Should 1t change at
least we can say that in our years
together we've packed enough for
10 ordinary lives. We've known
Joy and sorrow. triumph and dis
aster. all that goes to fill the pat
tern of human existence"
Onto Normandy beachhead and
Teddy went about his usual busi-
ness Of defying the enemy single
handed. With his cane and fight
ing spirit, Roosevelt charged all
over the beachhead. He inspired
green, poorly trained citizens and
regulars to victory.
In another area the Goth Divi-
sion faltered. Bradley called up
Gen. Walter Bedell Smith, Eisen-
hower's chief Of staff. and said
he wanted to give Ted command
of the Goth. The next morning
"Beedle" called back and said Ell
senhower had given his blessing
to the assignment. 1t was too late
Ted had died Of q heart attacl
during the night. :.
Bradley wrote: Roosevelt haC
earned q division command as few
men have but we had waited toe
long. He braved death with on
indifference that destroyed its ter
ror for thousands upon thousands
Of younger men. ! have never
known q braver man nor q more
devoted soldier"
Evening star., 1962-09-09

A@@A@eAA4 G-~AA~4s A&-AA&AA&&~AA4 VIVA
writtsa for ths Associated Pzsa
This Thursday there win BE- an
anniversary little noticed any
where. It is the 18th anniversary
Of the birth of Theodora Roose-
velt. jr, whose epitath should
say: zone Of Americas great citi-
zen soldiers"
But he is hardly remembered
for that distinction. And the rea-
son is relatively simple: His name
was Roosevelt and he was the son
Of another President BY the name
Of Roosevelt.
Gen. Roosevelt went to his
death on Utah Beach as q lowly
brigadier general without COM
mand. His only desire In life was
to be q division commander and
he was destined never to attain
Evening star., 1962-09-09

that distinction. He had Q pre-
monition he would die in battle.
He told his friends in the old 1st
Division he would. He also told
them he would never be q divi-
sion commander. And that 10 tte
story of this story.
After fighting in World War I,
Roosevelt returned to civilian life.
Like his father, Theodore Roose-
velt, 26th President Of the United
States he was a great hunter.
And he was interested in finan-
cial. political and governmental
affairs. He made speeches in ev-
cry presidential campaign for the
G. o. P. and didn't endear himself
to a distant cousin in the White
House, Franklin D. Roosevelt.
In writing to his wife in 1910
he said: "I dislike greatly the
governments Of Germany, Italy
and Russia and do not believe
in appeasing any Of them. Al
though the interventionists ap-
parently do believe In appeasing
Russia, I consider her crimes as
equal with those Of Germany and
Italy as q strong neutral we
would be Of inestimable help at
the peace table" 20
Back Into Service p"
TR jr. maintained his commits
sion as a reserve officer and went
back into service in April 1941
with his old outfit of World War
I, the 1st Division. He was o regi-
mental commander.
His widow in her book, DAY
Before Yesterday" gives some So
bering thoughts on peacetime re-
serve service: She wrote he, kept
his commission as q colonel by
going "out as often as necessary
for the dreary drudgery Of peace
time training with troops in the
field, which Of course had meant
giving up summer vacations" i,
When the first major American
landing was made, the regular
Army's 1st Division was logically
among the assault troops. TR jr.
was with it.
When Oran was holding out
after its surrounding heights had
been captured, Roosevelt attached
Evening star., 1962-09-09

the Big Red One into battle with
success.
Their success and lack Of dis
eipline posed q problem for high
er headquarters. The 1st Division
felt it could do anything and win
the war alone. Such was not the
case and times had changed some
from the World War ] method
when one division could break out
Of the trenches and win q cam
paign single e-handed.
When the victory in Tunisia
came In May. 1913, the division
set out to celebrate. En- route
back to q rest camp. according
TO Gen. Bradley's "A Soldiers
Story they left a trail Of looted
wineshops and outraged mayors. I"
In Oran the division ran
amuck." Bradley continues. Other
divisions heard Of their liberal
liberation policy. The clubs were
closed to front line troops and
the Red One "swarmed into town
to 'hberate' It a second time, T"
Bradley continues.
The other divisions wondered
out loud what they could get by
with. also. Naturally, higher
headquarters had to put down
the uprising and, Of course, the
problem arose of what to do with
Allen and Roosevelt, who had no
fear Of higher headquarters and
openly displayed their hostility
Bradley and Gen. Dwight D. Els
enhower. supreme allied COM
mander, recognized their talents,
their bravery and their accom-
plishments.
On Into Sicily
After an uneasy retraining pc
riod Bradley admits the division
should have been given q rest
and unwinding period on the
beaches with q chance for some
good times and relaxation) the
division went on to Sicily. There,
as always when the battle cry
sounded, the 1st Division deliv-
cred with Allen and Teddy using
personal leadership to accomplish
the missions assigned.
Allen would have been all right
II he had had q tough disci-
plinarian IS an assistant. Like
wise, Roosevelt would have beer
an even greater leader had he
had q disciplinarian directly
above or below him. Bradley says
he and Ike agreed in Sicily that
"Ted's easy indifference to disci-
pline would probably limit him tc
q single star" Hes too soft.
hearted to take q division-toC
much like one Of the boys" Brad.
ley concluded.
Roosevelt's widow, in her book
touches on the mystery of hov
her husband was, treated in tn,
North African Theater. In ,
qualified release No. ] 397
which was ''for official use o
censors only" the Armed Force
stated: There is q specific stoI
on the following: z-t- g
Brig. Gen. Theodore Roosevelt
and his nephew (really his son
Quentin Roosevelt;
Mr.. Henry Wallace. jr., the so
Of the United States Vice Presl
dent"
Many stories were censored. A
a result 1t was little known tha
he had been awarded almost q
combat medals given by the Unit
ed States. In addition, he receive,
the French legion Of honor twic
and five palms on his croix d
guerre.
Evening star., 1962-09-09

Among the brave soldiers Of
World War III, few were more
remarkable than 9 brigadier
general who bore the same last
name as his cOmmander-in-
chief. Here an editor-and ma
jor general in the National
Guard-draws q warm anniver-
sary portrait Of Theodore RoOSe-
welt, jr.
Evening star., 1962-08-05

a reception at the Officers
Club.
Among the invited guests
are: The Secretary Of the
Navy, the Chief of Naval OPP
erations, senior military Of
ficerS of all services. and her
successor, Capt. Viola B. San
ders.
Capt. Collins career has
bridged the whole history of
the WAVES, with many i'm
portant "firstS" to her credit.
In 1912, the year women be-
came a part of the Navy,
she was chosen as one of the
original 129 WAVES selected
for the first officers train
ing class at Smith College.
During World War II,
Capt. Collins was one of the
first two women officers sent
to Pearl Harbor to make
plans for the assignment of
1000 WAVES in that area.
For this assignment, she re-
ceived the Bronze Star.
Another First
Last year Capt. Collins
became the first WAVES di-
rector to be married while
holding the post. She even
achieved the traditional am
bition of all WAVES-to wed
a Navy man, marrying Rear
Admiral Howard L. Collins,
now retired.
Becoming director of the
WAVES in August, 1857,
Capt. Collins has the per-
Sonal magnetism of the born
leader. Just 5 feet 5 inches
tall, blond, with blue eyes.
she is Soft-voiced and femi-
nine. At the same time, she
has the skills and executive
ability needed for the han
ding of this important job.
With a title Of assistant
chief of naval personnel for
women, her job has been to
advise the chief of naval
personnel on matters per-
tanning to the WAVES. She
formulated policy in regard
to their welfare, interpreted
the role of women in the
Navy to the public and saw
that the Navy's woman-power
was efficiently used. One of
her pet projects has been
collecting historical material
for a special WAVES sec
ton in the naval curator's
office.
In her five years as direc-
tor, Capt. Collins has faced
no recruiting problem. The
WAVES now take only one
in every four applicants.
But even if there weren't
this many available, we
wouldn't lower the quality
bars just to meet our quo
tas," she says.
Learning Look
Recent publicity photos
have avoided scenes of the
WAVES marching. AS public
relations director, it has been
Capt. Collins opinion that
the WAVE must avoid an
unattractive military appear
ance, have a learning look
on her face, and make a con-