davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-03-18
Disputed Flights

Observers noted, however, that
even as the Soviet leader spoke,
Russian planes continued to fly
in the Western air corridors to
Berlin. Their flights did not en-
danger the Vests rights, and
there was no harrassment Of
Western planes. 1t was obvious,
however, that the Russians were
trying to dramatiZe the insta-
bility of the whole Berlin stu
alton.
And last weeks dropping Of
aluminium strips in the air-a
crude attempt to upset allied
radar-was still another attempt
to upset the allies, and perhaps
force a peace settlement. In Ge-
neva, Mr.. Rusk had sharp words
with Mr.. Gromyko over the Soviet
tactics, but there is no indication
they will stop.
Evening star., 1962-03-18
On Self Help

Representative Judd, Republican
Of Minnesota, a consistent sup
porter of foreign aid and an
archfoe of communism. told Mr.
Hamilton that the committee had
heard that AID was under con-
siderable pressure to allocate more
funds without insisting on the
self-help criteria that we wrote
into the law" last year. Then he
declared:
IT think you have got to let
a few Of these countries go to the
the Communists so they and the
others will understand that the
United States will not be MIXED
by simply posing the threat that
they might go Communist If the
aid is withheld"
Democratic Representatives
Farbstein, New York, and Hays.
Evening star., 1962-03-18
Economic Aid

Thus, it can be seen, the PreSi-
dent is seeking some 5000 million
less than Congress has authorized
for military aid-the part which
usually has easier sailing in legis-
lative waterS-and considerably
more for economic assistance.
In the latter category, he in
cluded bid for $500 million as
a first payment on a four-year,
So billion fund he wants au-
thorized for the Alliance for
Progress for Latin America. This
was, he said, "the only major
change" proposed in his message.
Because the fund for Latin
American development was the
new departure this year, he de-
voted a good deal of his relatively
short address to Congress to the
subject.
Mr.. Kennedy asserted that there
are changed attitudes of peoples
and governments already notice
able in Latin America because of
our bold new approach. He added:
"The alliance has fired the
imagination and kindled the hopes
of millions of our good neighbors.
Their drive toward modernization
is gaining momentum as it un-
leashes the energies of these mil
lions; and the United States is
becoming increasingly identified in
the minds of the people with the
goal they move toward: A better
life with freedom"
Evening star., 1962-03-18
Dividing Lines

The two sides were divided on
several major points. These in
cluded:
Number of inspections - The
Soviet Union would allow only
three inspections a year of sus-
pected explosions. The West
wanted minimum of IL.
Inspectorate The West envis-
aged a neutral impartial admin
istrator of the inspections. The
Soviet Union proposed a "troika"
which would give the Russians
veto over any inspection pro-
cedure.
Control stations - The West
wanted at least 10 control sta
tions (out of a world total of
1900 on Soviet territory manned
by impartial observers to record
any unusual seismic disturbances.
The Russians demanded that all
stations in the Soviet Union be
headed by Soviet citizen.
These differences - especially
the "troika" proposal that was
sprung on the West last March
indicated that the Russians were
stalling on test ban agreement
This was made official last Sep
tember when the Soviet Union
broke the moratorium and tested
in the atmosphere.
1t now seems clear that the
Russians resumed nuclear tests in
an effort to achieve a major break
through in nuclear weapons devel-
opment. President Kennedy &C
knowledged on March 2 that the
Russians achieved success on light,
tactical weapons, and were work.
ing on an anti-missile missile, the
"bogeyman" of nuclear warfare.
An ANN could end the present
nuclear parity and make the
other side liable to atomic black
mail.
Evening star., 1962-03-18
Prods Loggords

Inc PRESIDENT, Tor MS part,
prodded both sides. He told
Tuesday night reception at the
White House observing the first
anniversary of the Alliance for
Progress that "those who possess
wealth and power in poor ma
tions must lead the fight
for those basic reforms which
alone can preserve the fabric of
their own societies." Because, he
warned, those who make peaceful
revolution impossible will make
violent revolution inevitable"
The next day, at his news
conference, he urged a reporter
who wondered whether time
limit on reforms should be set
after which American aid should
be withdrawn, that I'VE should
have some sense of perspective
about the alliance" which, "after
ALL" was only formally organized
last August at Punta del Este,
Uruguay.
The big question remains: Will
Congress show the same patience
the President has exhibited?
In matters of this sort it rarely
does. Representative Otto Pass
man, chairman of the House Ap-
preparations Subcommittee on
Foreign Aid and a perennial foe
of big programs in this field, had
one word for Mr.. Kennedy's $40
billion overall request: "Pre-
posterouS.
That the requested program will
be cut almost goes without say
ing. How much is the more
pertinent question.
Evening star., 1962-03-18
Two Motives

Observers believe that the quick
Soviet refusal had two motives:
l. To allow it the freedom to
test again as soon as its recent
series is evaluated fully.
2. To show the West that prog
ress can only be made at the
summit level. Implicit in Mr..
Khrushchev's rejected plea for a
summit meeting was the state
ment that only he could make
any major concession to the West.
In coming weeks, the Soviet
Union can be expected to attempt
to reap a propaganda harvest over
the American tests.
Mr.. Gromyko indicated the
Soviet line on Wednesday when
he said the American decision is
a sinister cloud looming on the
horizon" Mr.. Rusk replied, how
ever, that the recent Soviet tests
did not make the noise of a
cooling dove"
Evening star., 1962-03-18
DISARMAMENT

The Soviet Union and the
United States agree that there
should be general and complete
disarmament" and they agree
that this should be accomplished
in three stages.
In the all-important details,
however, the two sides agree on
nothing. The differences are so
great, in fact, as to make dis
armament hardly a real posi-
bility.
Last Wednesday, Mr.. Rusk and
Mr.. Gromyko outlined, in broad
terms, their countries views on
disarmament. These are the major
differences:
INSPECTION
The United States wants veri-
fication by international inspec-
ton of arms destroyed and troop
cuts, and arms retained and
troops retained in each stage OF
disarmament. The Soviet Union
refuses inspection of what is re-
tanned.
FORCE LEVELS
The United States wants Amer
ican and Soviet armed forces to
be reduced to 81 million in the
first stage The Soviet Union sug-
gests IL million in the first stage.
Both sides agree in later stages
to reduce forces to levels neceS-
sary for internal defense only.
DELIVERY VEHICLES
Mr.. Rusk called for a cut in
delivery vehicles (rockets, bomb
ers) of 80 per cent in first stage.
The Russians want all vehicles
abolished in first stage as well as
all foreign bases dismantled.
INTERNATIONAL FORCE
Mr.. Rusk called for action to
prevent surprise attack. He sug-
gested international control
points, as well as an international
peace force. The Soviet Union does
not provide for such check points
and proposes that national forces
be part of the United Nations
forces in the third stage.
DISARMAMENT ACTION
The United States says that as
soon as a first stage is agreed
upon, disarmament should pro-
ceed. The Soviet Union wants no
disarmament until the entire,
elaborate three-stage treaty is
signed.
DISARMAMENT COMMISSION
The United States wants an i'm
partial administrator heading an
enforcement agency which takes
its orders from a multi-nation
Evening star., 1962-03-18
THE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
Geneva: Issues That Separate

The 17-nation disarmament
conference began its work in
Geneva last week.
For 26 years, Geneva's Palace
of Nations has stood as a symbol
both of mans aspirations for
peace and his inability to achieve
it.
In the late 193Os, the League
of Nations moved into this beau
tiful structure which is dedicated
to peace among nations. Despite
mans best intentions, however,
the palace served only long enough
to be the Leagues tomb.
In 1855, the palace played host
to the first cold war summit. But
the spirit of Geneva" that
emerged was just as illusory as
the hopes generated by the old
League.
Last week, II nations took their
places in the palaces main cham
ber for the opening of a United
Nations-sponsored disarmament
conference. Mans hopes again
were high, but his expectations
slim.
Evening star., 1962-03-18

tional inspection teams to make
n-the-Spot tests.
Since the Soviet Union in re-
cent months has proclaimed in
ternational inspection a synonym
for espionage" the new plan was
doomed to rejection. 1t was re-
jected by Semyon K. Tsarapkin
within two hours of its receipt.
The only conclusion left: The
United States will resume tests
in the atmosphere next month.
Evening star., 1962-03-18

which is to be captured on the way
to durable peace"
But he told his television audi
ence that the Soviet Union was
not planning any rash unilateral
action that might lead to increased
tension in Central Europe. The
Soviet government, he said, docs
not adhere to some fatal deadline
for the conclusion of a German
peace treaty"
Evening star., 1962-03-18

Ohio, also wanted the Government
to push harder to see that reforms
accompany the largess.
Mr.. Hamilton assured the Con-
gressmen that funds were obli-
gated only after pledges by the
various countries were redeemed
or satisfactory progress toward
this end was demonstrated.
Evening star., 1962-03-18
Main Points

The conference will probably
last for months, but developments
in the initial week seemed to cast
an ominous cloud over its future.
These were the main points:
. The United States and the
Soviet Union both offered plans
for general and complete disarma-
ment. Like previous plans, how
ever, the two sides positions
seemed too far apart to hope for
any real agreement on this all
important issue.
. On the collateral issue Of
nuclear test ban, the Russians
turned down new Anglo-Ameri-
can plan almost Immediately. This
meant that unless there is some
radical policy change by the
Soviet leaders, the United States
will resume tests in the atmos-
phere in mid-April.
o No progress was made in the
Big Three foreign ministers con-
ference that took place last Mon
day and Tuesday. The main po-
litical issues separating the ma
jor powers remain as dangerous
as ever.
Evening star., 1962-03-18

the nuclear test question has al
ways aroused considerable public
interest.
Evening star., 1962-03-18
DISARMAMENT ACTION
DISARMAMENT COMMISSION

The United States wants an i'm
partial administrator heading an
enforcement agency which takes
its orders from a multi-nation
The frontiersman., 1962-11-01
University Seeks He| p In
 Compiling Early Newspapers

bute material for the compiling of reliable records of early newspapers in Alaska, can con- tact Mrs. Mclean by writing or telephoning the College of Arts and Letters, University of AL aska, College, Alaska, or by telephoning her at GLobe22701 after 5:30 p.m., Monday thro- ugh Friday and all day on Sat urday and Sunday.
 Mrs. Mclean, a graduate student in English literature and journalism, has taught lit- erature at the Fairbanks Main Junior High School for the past four years. In addition, she has been advertising manager and editorial staff member for Jessen's Weekly, published in Fairbanks for a statewide read ership. She also has had arti- cles published in national me dia.
 The Farthest North Press Club, the Alaska Press Wo- mans Club and the National Press Women's Club have rec ognized her as a professional news writer and have included her on their rosters.
 Mrs. Mclean received her Bachelor of Arts degree in May, 1860 from the University of Alaska.
The frontiersman., 1962-11-01
[jIE7M7L3S] i! S]ipi1 1S 1oR 1oi

tarling piles. A production tax on minerals is just.
 The fisherman and his fam fly is essential to our econ- omic development and should be encouraged to build his home here, and it should be a good home. Essential gear should be exempt, to such amount as to allow good standard of living. The fisher mans contribution is based on his catch and should be on a graduated scale. The license tax gives him protection and preferential right to engage in the greatest harvest of natur- al products of our countries. The tax on nonresident fish ermen should be high enough to make it necessary for them to establish homes in Alaska. Year round fisheries would de- velope, thereby, greatly in- creasing our population and keeping a greater portion of wealth in Alaska, and contri- outing greatly in making Alas ka self supporting. The gradu- ated tax on pack, raw fish, and certain gear tax can easily place the burden on those most able to bear it.
 The license on business, trade occupations, etc, should be on a nominal fee-plus gra- duated tax on amount of busi- ness done during tax year. A broad tax base is necessary to the tax collection system should be revised and simplified so the cost of collection would be re- duced to a minimum. The col lection machinery should be di- vorced from political appointed offices.
 Alaska needs people to helr develop our natural resources Industrial development will follow quickly to supply the needs of those engaged or en- ployed in the building o1 roads, air fields, power pro- jects, reclamation service, ano searching out our natural veal. tn in minerals and oil de. posits-and placing on opera. tional basis; either by private or federal agencies.
 Research laboratories to de termine necessary methods fol conservation of our natural re sources. All these agencies art in the program for Alaska. Oul government alone is able tt carry out such a program. Fed. eral funds are noW-or about te be provided for, and our peo. pie are eagerly planning tt meet conditions such a pro. gram entails upon. Our schoo system, health department, anc housing facilities; all of which are sadly inadequate.
 Our financial establishment. are ready to support only those lines of business that can col
The frontiersman., 1962-11-01

lect the most of this wealth at the largest profit, no matter the final result, unlimited support if it can get the most money in the shortest time. Basic indus tries that tend to build per- manently are left to struggle along without local support or aid in any manner, while the lush harvest of government funds are here.
 The farmers, the fishermen, and the prospector and small miner must go it alone. The one Federal Agency, that the farm CT can get any aid in develop ment of a farm, has so revised or set up rules and require ments for funds, that only mere handful of would be farmers" can expect aid for developing a farm.
 The revision of the land laws, to make it possible for acquiring land has been so slow that the thousand pros pective farmers who have come to Alaska have been sadly dis allusioned the past three years and most of them must turn to employment on some govern ment project and await the op- ening of land suitable for farms. Meanwhile the thirty or forty thousand newcomers to Alaska must be fed on imported food stuff at higher and higher cost than ever before; and the few agencies really interested in farming development in Alas ka must renew their faith in American people and pray for a revision of the land laws and aid from our Alaska financers.
 Sincerely yours,
 M. D. Snodgrass,
 Palmer, Alaska
The frontiersman., 1962-11-01

man, revealed the following in- formation.
 Present interest lies in trac- ing the history; personages con- nected with publishing, edit ing and circulation; presses us- ed and their origin, entry into the country; and similar data. Much of this information has been lost; however, a great deal can still be compiled from the memoirs of Alaskans. The geo. graphic area on which emphas- is is being laid now is the Up- per Yukon watershed, includ- ing Eagle, Circle, Porcupine and Rampant"
 Any information Alaskans of the present day or Alaskans of previous years can offer about newspapers of the Upper Yu- kon watershed area will be ap- preciated and incorporated in- to the study" Mrs. Mclean stated. She also promised, Or iginal material will be handled carefully and when possible, reproduced before return to the donor-owners. If desired by the owners, the material will be re- tained by the University of AL aska and added to the archives on this phase of the history of journalism in Alaska"
 Persons wishing to contri-
The frontiersman., 1962-11-01
DEAR EDITOR:

DEAR EDITOR:
 When we tax the home, farm and improvement, we are bid ding for cheap shackS and tenn porary construction. We penal ize the builders of good homes. Permanent construction is inn possible - when a person Is penalized by a tax that only adds greatly to the cost of liv- ing. A 10000 dollar exemption on real property tax, would re- suit in the building of good farms and the encouragement of industrious people. Ameri- can people want security in their homes and business.
 Business property above the value of $25,000 dollars can stand reasonable tax rate, and based upon the earnings of such property, no reasonable person can ask fer immunity to all taxation. A graduate tax on such property is fair for all when we need farmers to help build our National security, 1t does not seem to impose a pro- perty tax when all informed people know that farming in Alaska must be subsidized if we want to get land into pro- duction quickly. The cost of clearing virgin timber land and putting it into production at the present time is between $250 and $500 per acre. It has taken ten years to clear and de- velop a twenty-five acre farm for the best of the early set tiers, and thirteen years to clear forty acre tracts with all modern machinery of the fifty remaining colonists subsidized by our government. We now have some "A grade A dairy farms, a half dozen poultry farms, and as many vegetable gardens whose gross annual production is between $5,00( and $12,000. Net returns from these farms seldom reach $2,. 900. Nearly all are still in the | process of development, a: much of their concentrate .feec must be shipped from the state: at very high costs, and exces sive freight charges. The stat. is not subsidizing any of these operations, but by taxing then you will add to the cost of de. velopment and operation. Min. ing industry faces many of the same high cost of develop. ment and operation; therefore l we allow them certain exemp. ton on production and a grad uated tax is imposed.
 Mining should bear its share of the taxation as soon as i produces basic wealth anC leave only deserted mine ol
The frontiersman., 1962-11-01

COLLEGE - Compiling reli- able records of early newspap- CTS in Alaska is the current en- deavor of graduate students in the English Department, Col lege of Arts and Letters, Uni versity of Alaska.
 In seeking the help of Alas kans throughout the state, Mrs. Dora Mclean, graduate stud ent and former neWspaperWo-
The frontiersman., 1962-11-01

Anchorage, Alaska
 October 25, 1862 SUBJECT: REPORT UPON A PROPOSITION TO RE- LOCATE THE STATE CAPT. TAIL"
 (Prepared by Juneau
 Engineers and Architects) DEAR EDITOR:
 THE UNDERSIGNED PRO- PERSONAL EN GINEERS s, AND ARCHITECTS, BELIEVE THAT THE SUBJECT RE PORT DOES NOT:
 1. Represent all facets of a bona-fide Engineering Analy- sis.
 2. Represent the majority views of Alaskan Engineers and Architects.
 3. Represent any official view of the AMERICAN SO- GETTY OF CIVIL ENGINE FRS. AMERICAN INSTITU- TIE OF ARCHITECTS, OR ALASKA SOCIETY OF PRO- PERSONAL ENGINEERS. IT IS REGRETTABLE AND CANNOT BE CONDONED, THAT THE NEWS MEDIA, PAID ADVERTISEMENTS AND VARIOUS ORGANIZA- TONS IMPLY OR STATE THAT THE REPORT" WAS PREPARED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF OTHER THAN JUNEAU MEMBERS OF THE VARIOUS PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES.
 ss/Arthur R. Jacobs, PEE.
 M. R. McEntire, ALA.
 Allen N. Corthell, PIE.
 Robert N. Hoffman, PIE.
 John L. Cerutti, PEE.
 Don Coolidge, ALA.
 Arthur M. Bunnell, Reg.
 Arch.
 Lucian A. Cassetta, ALA.
 M J. Pendergrast, ALA.
 Charles w. Tyrck, PIE.
 Paul B. Crews, PIE.
 Joe L. Hayes, PIE.
 John L. Bennett, PIE. The above signatures are on file at the office of Robert. N. Hoffman and may be verified at any convenient time if so de- sired.
 Very truly yours,
 Robert N. Hoffman, P. k.
The frontiersman., 1962-11-01
Page IF - The Frontiersman Thursday. November l. 1862

In 1875 Puget Sounds 14 shipyards launched Il sailing ships and one steamer.
The frontiersman., 1962-11-01

EDITORS NOTE: This was originally written in l949. and recently submitted to the Frontiersman. as ii appears timely fodaY.)
The frontiersman., 1962-11-01
REALISTIC

REALISTIC
 Making fewer resolutions, backed by more resoluteness, helps the man who wants to reform.
The frontiersman., 1962-11-01
But you'll see it plain when you have a loss

The Big Difference in insurance is the continuing, personal atten- ton of an independent insur- ance agent. He's free to be on your side when you have a claim because he represents not one but several insurance compa- nies. He'll help you get prompt. fair payment.
 Who wiH make sure you get
The Adak sun., 1962-07-02


 the 22rd of June and assumed command as Commanding Officer, Marine Bar- racks on 50 June 1862. The Major listed in the Marine Corps in March of lo42. He served almost all d World War IT in the en- listed ranks. During this period, he served as a Drill Instructor at Ma rine Corps Recruit Depot, San Diego, California, and also wi til g Defense Battalion on Johnson Island in the Pacific.
 Major WYNN was commis toned as a 2d Lieutenant in June of 1945 and at the end Of World War. IT was stationed with Marine Forces at Guam.
 From .1946 until 1850 he served a. board ships and wi th the 1st Marine Division. The Aajor anded with the lst Marine Division at Inchon and participated in all of the early Korean campaigns.
 Upon transfer from Korea, Major WYNN was assighed duty with a Hese1ve Unit at Columbus, Ohio. From Colum-- bus, he moved to N1rine Corps Supply Center at BarstoW, California for a short period prior to returning to Fleet Marine Force duty with the Sd Marine Division loca ted on OkinaWa.
 In 1858, he attended the Officers 8 Junior School at Gyuantico, Virginia. The Eajor was transferred to g cross training Aviation assignment wi tn 8 helicopter group at l4arine Corps Air Station, Fl .Toro, ,aanta Ana, califor- nia, in 1859. ="
 Returning once more to the lst Ma rine Division at Camp Pendl eton, Cal- ifornia, Major WINN has been serving the past two years as S-4 Officer (5upply-Logis stics) of the 7th Marine Regiment and as Commanding Officer of the lst Battalion, 9th Marines.
 Both the Major and his wife gre from Walla Jalla, Washington. Nrs. Vim and Bob, their seventeen year