davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-08-25
Auqury in Ghono

1t is not surprising that the Angli-
can Archbishop of West Africa and the
Bishop Of Accra have both been uncere-
moniously thrown out of Ghana. Their
offenSe is clear enough. They have told
the young people Of the country that
President Nkrumah is something less
than god and that he has outrageouSly
interfered in church affairs.
So these highly placed clerics have
been deported. They have offended Mr..
Nkrumah. And nobody, of course, can
offend him-politically, religiously or
otherwiSe-without inviting trouble of
the most serious kind. AS for Mr..
Nkrumah himself, he is undeniably a
dictator who puts all his major oppo-
nentS in Jail. More than that, he is
man apparently intent upon convincing
his relatively primitive compatriotS that
he Is truly divine. Nothing else can ac-
count for his rather stomach turning
campaign to persuade his countrymen
that he is holy beyond compare, that
he will never die, and that everybody
must therefore regard him as a god
against whom no criticism can be toler-
ated.
Ghana is one of the more advanced
Of Africa's emerging" nations. But
quite obviously, as the kicked-out
bishops would surely testify, it is still
immature and volatile, and quite capa-
BILE of blowing up politically, despite the
Accra relationships harshest acts of
suppression. In that respect, the de-
portation of the bishops may be but a
mild augury of serious trouble to come.
Evening star., 1962-08-25
Science Inspiration

The recent defeat by the
House Of a measure allot-
ting cash awards to winners
Of the National Medal of Sci
ence scarcely seems designed
to hearten or encourage tai
ented young Americans. BY
way Of justification, Iowa's
Representative H. R. Gross
maintained that injecting a
monetary factor would have
the effect Of cheapening the
project.
Isn't it evident that avail
ability of such funds could
prove of immense benefit to
the recipient who wishes to
pursue advanced scientific
work? Today's lengthy period
OF academic preparation, with
its staggering expenses, often
results in the wasting Of abil-
tiles that should be conserved.
Burgeoning talent cannot al
ways reach fruition if eco
nomic considerations intrude
too insistently.
Reports from the Soviet
Union indicate that maxi
mum support is forthcoming
to those who show evidence of
creative potentiality. Can we,
in our own and the free
worlds interest, afford to fol-
low a less realistic course?
Thomas G. Morgansen.
jackson Heights, N. Y.
Evening star., 1962-08-25
THE WORLD TODAY
Soviet Chips Away at Berlin
By JAMES MARROW

from Berlin, not with the
East Germans. The West re-
fuses to recognize the East
Germans as the legitimate
government.
It would, for the West
Germans, have been a highly
unpopular thing for the West
to do.
Stain tried to break the
agreement he made by block
aiding Berlin in 1913. In one
move he could have gobbled
up the city, if the West had
let him. 1t didn't. 1t broke
the blockade. For some years
there was comparative quiet.
KhrushcheV Resumes
Then Mr.. Khrushchev in a
less sudden and dangerous
way tried to repeat what
Stain did.
He said he wanted the
Allies out Of Berlin. He said
he wanted it to be a free"
city in the heart Of East
Germany, although no one
could have any illusions 1t
would remain free long.
Then he threatened to sign
a peace treaty with East
Germany. If he did, it would
mean the West would have
to deal with the East Ger
man Reds whom they still
refused to recognize.
And, If the East Germans
laid down new conditions for
access to Berlin, or tried to
shut the West out altogeth-
er. and If the West tried to
batter its way through. 1t
would mean war with East
Germany and Russia, too.
Over the years, Mr.. Khru-
shchev did some incredible
threatening and backSliding.
For instance, he set a six
months deadline for signing
a peace treaty. Then he let
that pass and said it didn't
matter.
Last year he intensified his
demands. The West, as al
ways, said it would not aban-
don the people Of West Ber-
lin, that it had agreements
with Russia to stay there.
Then on August Is. 1861,
Mr.. Khrushchev tested the
West. He threw up a wall be-
tween East and West Berlin.
If the West had battered
down the wall one Of two
things would have happened:
Mr.. Khrushchev would have
backed up or there would
have been war.
But the West did nothing.
In this test of wills, Mr..
Khrushchev won. Now he's
forcing the West into an
other test by pulling the So
Wet commandant out Of East
Berlin. His next move may
be a peace treaty with East
Germany. AP.
Evening star., 1962-08-25

severe personality disorders.
These and other problems
exist not only in Virginia,
but across the Nation.
It is with full knowledge
Of these limitations that every
judge in Virginia and in
many other States must face
the 15-year-old youth who
stands before him. The Judge
must then decide whether to
make a sincere effort at re-
habilitation with limited re-
sources or to brand the child
an adult criminal and con-
demn him to the peniten-
tiary. This is a difficult de-
cision for any Judge, par
ticularly when he is apt to
face public criticism no mat
ter which way he decides.
Cries Of judicial leniency
sound hollow when one ex-
amines the inadequacies and
crowded conditions that ex-
ist in juvenile and adult cor
rectional facilities across the
Nation.
A pointing Of fingers across
the Potomac in either dice
ton is scarcely worthy Of
public comment. Certainly
the dramatic escapade Of a
particular youth is of legiti-
mate public interest and con-
Germ. There are, however,
many serious and chronic
problems in the area Of crime
and delinquency that cry for
sincere and sustained public
study and action. A little
public response at budget
time would also help.
Donald A. Barrow,
Director Of Social Work,
Evening star., 1962-08-25
Responds to Sevoreid

Eric SeVareid'S colum
When Progress Isn't Prog
reSS," struck a responsive
chord in me when he conSid-
cred buses to be mo less de-
structive Of human dignity
than a cattle wagon" When
a human being rides a
crowded bus for 11a hours a
day, five days a week, he
must during that time be-
come a zombie. The air in
buses reeks of engine fumes
even when windows are open.
These 71a hours OF zombie
existence during each week
can't be considered other
than either the beginning Of
purgatory or a foretaste of
hell.
William P. Connolly,
Evening star., 1962-08-25
Free Speech and Pressure Groups

A press dispatch from To-
peka, Kans.. reports the Or
ganization Of an economic
boycott by farmers against
business firms who are mem
bers of the Committee for
Economic Development. What
Is the grievance? Simply that
the Committee for Economic
Development, a private, non-
profit, non-partiSan research
group, recently issued a re-
port on the farm problem in
which it recommended,
among other things, that
one-third Of the farm popu-
lation should be shifted to in
dustrial and commercial oc-
cupations within the next
five years.
The philosophy behind the
boycott is that because the
Committee for Economic De-
velopment has put forward
for public discussion a pro-
gram for the solution of the
farm problem which these
farmers do not like, there
fore they should punish the
member firms of the COM
mittee by a concerted boycott
Of their products. Among the
firms which are the target of
the boycott are the Ford Mo-
tor Co., John Deere Tractor
Co., Sears Roebuck, Mont
gomery Ward, General Mo-
tors and Pillsbury.
Undoubtedly the firms af-
fected by the boycott will not
be intimidated, and the
chances are that the boycott
will sooner or later collapse
without doing much damage
to the affected firms. Never
theless the organization of
the boycott is an alarming
sign Of the spread of the
presSure-group mentality into
a new area Of American life
the area Of political discus
sion hitherto protected by the
sacred obligation to main
Evening star., 1962-08-25

is pressure group politics
the sort Of politics which en-
abled the Anti-Saloon League
to put over prohibition
against the will Of the ma
jority Of the American peo-
pie, the sort of politics which
is connected with the scam
dalouS passage or repeal Of
legislation at the behest of
a small group.
Pressure group politics is
an abuse Of both the legis-
lative and the electoral proc
esSeS since it interferes with
the legislators freedom of
Judgment and with the voters
freedom of Judgment at the
polls. But this abuse, tenn
pered to a degree by the
counter-abuSe of the filibus-
ter (Which permits a legisla-
tor to outfox a powerful pres
sure group by facing two
ways at one and the same
time) has long been accepted
as a normal feature of Amer
lean political life.
And now the pressure prorn
mentality, having served to
corrupt political debate in the
legislative halls, has moved
into the wider field Of public
discussion and seeks to cor
rupt that field as we'll. Since
there is a Federal law on the
statute books to punish con-
spiracieS to deprive persons
OF the enjoyment and exer-
else Of their civil rights, it
is the duty of the ATTORNEY
General of the United States
to invoke this statute against
the organizers of the farm
erS' boycott directed against
the CED member firms. The
right of free speech is one
of the most sacred civil rights
the individual possesses, and
we must not allow it to be
trampled upon by the eco
nomic intimidators.
Benjamin Ginzburg.
Evening star., 1962-08-25

The electrodes, OF which
the rats will be unconscious,
will be implanted in areas
known to serve specific func-
tions, such as sight or hear
ing. The first intensive
studies will be made Of the
visual cortex at the back Of
the cerebral cortex, which is
the brains seeing area. With
out it stimuli to the eyes
would be meaningless. 1t must
combine and interpret them.
To Study visual COrtex
Up to now these waves"
indicating electrical activity
in brain centers, have had
little meaning. Only quite
generalized patterns could be
observed and these seemed
to have no correlative in be-
havior. The projected expert
ment will permit direct proc
essing Of brain form data
while the experiment is in
progress. The implanted elec-
trodes will be linked through
an amplifier directly to the
computer. If the investigator
notices some anomaly in the
wave pattern brought about
by some stimulus, he can
reapply the stimulus immedi-
ately and see If the same
pattern reoccurs.
The computer, now being
assembled, can handle infor-
nation from eight electrodes
simultaneously. Most Of the
work done on wave patterns
In the past has considered
only gross areas Of the brain.
"One of the first expert
ments," says an Air Force
report on the project" will
be a study Of the visual cor
tex. The observers will study
patterns caused by brief, low
intensity stimuli, such as
that from a low intensity
light, to measure the ex-
panSion outward within the
brains neutral structure of
the wave form created by this
light. The pattern Of expan-
sion may furnish clues to the
brains overawing capability
to retrieve and recall in
formation. The expanding
wave moving outward from
the visual cortex stimulates
other centers and these, in
turn, influence still others in
an entangled web of activity.
"Our understanding of the
physical, chemical and math-
ematical properties Of the
brain today is just about at
the level we would expect to
find in a 10th century phys
icist when confronted with
a modern electronic computer
and asked to explain its op-
Grafton"
Most Of the work will be
carried out at Massachusetts
General Hospital in Boston. 4,
Evening star., 1962-08-25

tain freedom Of speech. If
the invasion Of the pressure
group mentality is not ar
rested, the time may soon
come when no American will
be able to open his mouth to
propose a reform or to seek
to correct an abuse without
inviting upon himself eco
nomic reprisals by organized
groups who are displeased by
his words.
The setting up Of economic
groups for concerted or COL
lective action Qabor unions,
trade associations, co-opera-
tiveS, etc. serves a moral
function in economic life be-
cause such groups help redress
the inequality Of bargain
ing power between isolated
individuals on the mar
ket place. Even so society
has had to impose limits and
restrictions on the use Of the
collective economic power
which can be mustered by
group organizations. With
the increasing role of Gov
eminent legislation in eco
nomic affairs, the groups or
ganized to do battle in the
market place invaded the
halls of Legislatures and tend
ed to become pressure groups
lobbying for legislation they
desired and fighting legisla-
tion they opposed.
There was nothing wrong,
Of course, with putting for
ward the points of view of
the various groups on legis-
lative isSueS-it is only in
this way that the soundness
OF proposed legislation can be
tested. But many of the
groups passed from peaceful
methods of persuasion to the
use Of threats to take con-
certed political action at the
polls against those legislators
who were not persuaded by
intellectual arguments. This
Evening star., 1962-08-25
Answers to Questions
By THE HASKIN SERVICE !

@. Why was Ten Sleep,
Wyoming, so named?-M. D. -,
A. The name of Ten Sleep
is said to have been bor- =
rowed from the Indians, who
reckoned time and distance
in sleep. The site was ten
days travel from Fort Lar
annie and the same distance
from the Yellowstone Park
area.
Evening star., 1962-08-25
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDriters' correct
names and addresses. All let
ters are subject to condenSG-
tion. Those not used tpilI be
returned only tDhen accom-
panied By self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1962-08-25
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Results of MoIfunctioninq Brain
BY THOMAS R. HENRY

DR.. Jekyll and Mr.. Hyde,
and their occasional near
counterparts in real life, can
be the result of abnormali-
ties in brain behavior.
This has just been an
nounced by DR.. Edward De-
wan Of the Air Forces Of
flee Of AeroSpace Research.
DR.. Dewan, says an Air
Force report, has found q
striking similarity between
brain waves and q physical
phenomenon known as mon
linear oscillation" This Is
well known to physicists.
The similarity leads to a
theoretical explanation not
only Of double personalities
but Of such mental condi-
tions as hypnosis, awareness
Of the flow of time, and
emotions induced by music.
Epilepsy can be induced"
says the report, "by various
mechanisms-electric shocks,
flickering lights and drugs.
Sensory inducement, as in
the case of lights flickering
at certain frequencies, has
been experienced by many
persons in the form of dis
orientation. It can occur
when strong sunlight is
viewed through revolving
propeller blades, or among
the leaves Of a tree when
driving. All these seem to
fit into the linear oscil-
lation phenomenon.
Experiments Suggested
DR.. Dewan's study has led
him to suggest a number Of
experiments, designed to
learn more of the gross elec-
trical properties of the brain.
Some Of these involve meas
uring the effects of certain
drugs and comparing the re-
Sulting brain-wave data with
correlated mental events.
One of the interesting as
poets Of this theory is that
it makes definite predictions
and hence is easy to test.
Focusing of attention, the
phenomenon Of conscious
ness itself. and even the null
tiple consciousness Of the
Jekyll and Hyde type, may
all be related to various as
poets Of DR.. Dewan's model.
The possibilities, it is
stressed, remain to be exper-
mentally tested. The tests
are expected to throw new
light on various types of
brain seizures and may well
be revolutionary for the whole
field Of psychiatry and psy-
chology.
The most intensive study
Of brain waves" yet at
tempted is planned by the
United States Air Force Of
flee Of Aerospace Research.
Rats with electrodes per-
manently implanted in their
brains will be the expert
mental animals and a light
ming fast electronic computer
will be used for instantane-
GUS analysis and interpreta-
tion Of observations. The OBJ
jective will be to determine
any changes in brain-wave
patterns and whether they
are accompanied by any
changes in behavior Of the
animals. Similar changes
presumably can be assumed
for the human brain.
Evening star., 1962-08-25

Bit by bit over the years
by talking, retreating, push
ing on Berlin-Russia has
made the West back up and
even laid the groundwork for
q showdown crisis.
Its latest move is Just one
more step on that long road.
This was in replacing this
week the Soviet commandant
in Berlin with an East Ger
man military chief.
1t isn't pleasant for the
West to accept the thought
it has been stiff-armed in
its tracks. but here are two
prime examples Of it:
l. Chancellor Adenauer of
West Germany tried to keep
alive in his people the idea
they could be reunited with
their fellow Germans in
Communist run East Ger
many. The Eisenhower ad-
miniStration called for re-
unification, too.
Neither Mr.. Adenauer nor
this country was thinking in
terms Of q Germany united
under communism. And, Just
because they weren't, what
they said about Identification
was empty talk, and moth
ing more, and for this rea-
son:
Premier Khrushchev
wasn't thinking in terms Of
q Germany united under
capitalism and allied with
the West. The reality was
that unification couldn't
happen in the foreseeable fu-
ture.
Mr.. Khrushchev battered
the West into acceptance Of
this reality.
He told Mr.. Adenauer to
reconcile himself to the ex-
iStance Of two Germanys as
an "indiSputable fact" He
said Russia would not per-
NIT unification that elimi-
mated socialism" (meaning
communism in East Ger
many.
Forces Berlin Issue
2. Mr.. Khrushchev, mean
while, forced the West to
think Of a problem more real
and immediate. This was
Berlin.
Under post war agree
ments Berlin-110 miles in
side Communist East Ger
many-waS divided into four
zones, one each to be occu-
pied by the United States,
Britain, France and Russia.
The Soviets. who did and
do control East Germany,
guarantee d the West the
right Of access to the city
people and supplies through
and over East Germany.
By this arrangement. the
West would deal with the
Russians on travel to and
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1962-01-27
Benton Says IBM Will
Open Lab in Fort LauderdaIe. Fla.

The Federal Systems Division
of the International Business
Machines Corporation of Rock
vile has announced plans for
an expanded technical capability
with the establishment of an
additional engineering labora-
tory at Fort Lauderdale, Fla,
to develop advanced military
control and space support sys-
TENS.
Federal Systems Division
President Charles Benton, jr.,
said, 1--WE are leasing this facil-
ity in the midst of the growing
Florida technical and industrial
community concerned with U. S.
space and defense efforts. This
expansion into a temporary
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1962-01-27

at an awards luncheon at 1915
pm. February Is at the Statler
Hotel in Washington.
Co-sponsors of the awards, in
cooperation with the Washing
ton Jaycees, are the Chesapeake
and Potomac Telephone Com
pany, the Potomac Electric
Power Company and the Wash
ington Gas Light Company.
Final 10 winners - five in
administrative and five in scien-
tific or technical were chos-
Ell from a group of 81 semi
finalists. A total of 70 nomina-
tons was submitted by various
government agencies and de-
partments of the Federal gov
eminent.
The panel of judges included
Supreme Court Associate JUS
tice Tom c. Clark, chairman;
Attorney Louis Johnson, for
mer Secretary of War; Donald
Bittinger, president of Wash
ington Gas Light Company;
Lloyd Miller, executive vice
president of American Tele-
phone and Telegraph Company;
and Dwight Taylor, vice presi-
dent of American Airlines.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1962-01-27

of Commerce.
County residents named as
winners are:
Theodore II. Reed, Glencove,
director of the Washington
Zoo: DR.. Andrew G. Morrow,
Rockville, chief of the surgery
branch of the National Instit-
utes OF Health; Jack w. Smith,
Rockville, chief of management
informations system, U. S.
Navy; Thomas G.. Sorensen, Be.
thesda, deputy director for pol
icy and plans, U. S. Informa-
ton Agency.
Lewis M. Branscomb, Bethes-
da. chief of the atomic physics
division, National Bureau of
Standards; John P. Craven, Be
thesda, chief scientist for the
projects office, u. S. Navy; and
Dwight A. Ink, Silver Spring,
assistant general manager, US.
Atomic Energy Commission.
Winners will receive plaques
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1962-01-27

facility-and eventual selection
of a permanent location - will
continue to make us increasing
ly responsive to the most adj
vanced government require
ments for electronic informa-
tion-handling and control sys.
TENS in space and defense"
Benton said a group of Fed
eral Systems Division engineer
ing personnel specializing in the
development of military cleo
tronic systems will begin to oc-
cupy the Fort Lauderdale lab.
oratory in April. In the follow
ing Is months approximately
500 engineering personnel will
move into the new center.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1962-01-27
ALLAROUND

ALLrAhUUNU
PARIS (UPD-Georges Car.
pentier of France was the only
fighter of record to campaign
in all weight divisions from fly
weight (112 lbs.) to heavy
weight (above 175). He won
the light heavyweight title.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1962-01-27
Seuen COuntians Win
Flen,ning Awards

Seven Montgomery Countians are among the 10 win
in the Arthur S. Flemming Awards program honor
ing outstanding young in the Federal government
Announcement of the winners made by j. Nit
che Brown president of the Washington Junior Chamber
Evening star., 1962-09-09
THE RICHEST ORANGE FLAVOR IS SKIN deep Ann
THAT'S WHERE TANG GETS ITS new NATURAL HAvnR

Amazing but true: The richest orange flavoris
not IN the juice, not in the pulp, but locked in
the rind OF tree -ripened oranges. And that's
wheFe TANG gets its new natural flavor. IT'S the
best tasting TANG that ever happened.
And TANG-the instant breakfast drink-stiII
gives you more vitamn than fresh or frozen
Evening star., 1962-09-09

orange juice. plus important vitamn A.
so, tor breakfast tomorrow mix decantenuI
OF New Natural Orange Flavor TANG tonight
Serve ice-cold in the morning.
BY the way, better try New Natural Grapefruit
FLAVOR TANG too. Tart-sweet, very refreshing
and nice change of taste.
Holmes County herald., 1962-11-29

forum. Johnny Baker from
Mississippi State University
will be the guest speaker.
Young Baker is president of
the BSU at the college and
plays the end position in foot
bali at Mississippi State and
is an All-Southeastern Con-
ference player. Linday O'Rear
will direct the singing and
Edwin Sudduth will serve as
pianist for the group.
The juniors will meet in
the auditorium of the MethO-
dist Church. James Edward
Young, a ministerial student,
will be the guest speaker. He
IS president of BSU at Hol-
mes Junior College where he
is a sophomore. Mrs. Alleen
Dunn is associational leader
and will be in charge.
Mr.. Holder states, every
Baptist family in the county
is invited to come out and
help make this the biggest
IN" Night in the state.