davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-01-08

rundown rural villages, I
talked with peasants, priests,
students, merchants and pol
iticians. All had one COM
mon interest and concern
America. Ever since such Po-
lish patriots as Pulaski and
KoSciuszko risked their lives
as well as their personal for
tunes to help in our fight for
freedom, Poles have looked to
America for hope and inspira-
ton. One out of every three
people I met over there have
relatives living in the United
States. eight million Amer
leans of Polish descent)
The Communist press new
er fails to print detailed &C
counts of racial incidents,
crimes of violence, and the
most sensational examples of
juvenile delinquency in
America.
For the most part the re-
ports are all too accurate
so incredible are the details
Of some juvenile gang ex-
cesses that they defy exag-
geration by Red propa-
gandiSts.
How does it happen, they
ask, that in a country such
as ours, blessed with the
worlds highest standard of
living, young people feel the
urge to roam the streets de-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-01-08
The Atlantic Convention

For the next fortnight or so begin
ming with today'S opening session, SO
distinguished citizen delegates from the
Is member nations of the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization will take part in
potentially far-reaching discussions de-
signed to bring about greater political
and economic cooperation within the
vast community that makes up the al
lance.
Nothing quite like this gathering has
ever before been held in the free world,
and it Is thus rather experimental in
character. Even so, although it is not
likely to accomplish miracles, its spon-
sors-the parliaments of the various
countries nvolved-regard it as highly
promising undertaking that can do much
to strengthen NATO, and promote ever
increasing unity within it, to cope with
the non-military aspects of the growing
Communist threat to mans freedom
around the globe.
Our American delegation-created
by Congress as "the United States Citi-
zens Commission on NATO"-iS the larg-
est of the IS now gathered in Paris. It's
co-chairmen are former Secretary of
State Christian A. Herter and former
Undersecretary William l.. Clayton, who
have co-authored a highly significant
report on foreign trade. Other members
(the group is evenly bipartisan) include
Vice Chairman Elmo Roper, Eric Johns
ton, and such additional outstanding in
dividuals as Hugh Moore, retired
manufacturer, and William Burden, ex-
ambassador to Belgium.
AS set forth in the bill establishing
the commission, these men (all congress
sional appointees) are mot in any way
to speak for or to represent the United
States Government" Nevertheless, be-
cause they constitute highly competent
group with lot of prestige, their work
at "the Atlantic Convention" can hardly
fail to serve good purpose They will
report in due course to both House and
Senate. Meanwhile, all of us have rea-
son to wish them well. Certainly, if this
unusual conference is fruitful in even
only limited sense, NATO and the free
world at large will be the stronger for it.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-01-08
Our Young Hood|ums Make Fine Red Propaganda

termined to commit mayhem.
Behind the Iron Curtain
juvenile delinquency is rela-
lively non-existent. In the
event that trouble does &C.
cur, instead of building great
er recreational facilities, hir-
ing additional probation Off
GERS or assigning more social
workers, the State arranges
for an appropriate workout"
in a salt mine, steel mill or
coal mine for the youthful
offender.
I certainly do not suggest
that we adopt such harsh
methods to combat juvenile
crime here in America but
I'm convinced that the Com
munist challenge to America
involves more basic consid-
eratlonS than merely a tech
biological race for superiority
in missile and space hard
ware.
Rudyard Kipling's eloquent
observation is particularly
significant today.
He wrote:
Nations have passed away
and left no traces
"And History gives the
naked fact of it
zone single simple reason
in all cases
"They fell because their
people were not fit"
George Twigg III.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-01-08
Need for PLANNING

The White House fortunately has
cleared up good bit of confusion over
when, and under what conditions, the
Bolling-AnacoStia air fields will be avail
able for non-military use. Now the ball
is squarely in the hands Of the Commits
SionerS, who must decide-and we hope
they do so without delay-the manner in
which this private development will take
place.
According to the Budget Bureau,
military flight operations will end at the
fields by next September. BY November,
the Government will be ready either to
sell the surplus land to private investors
for development or, if the District re-
quests, sell it to the city for an urban re-
neWal project. Under urban renewal, the
District presumably would formulate
plan for fairly specific land uses, then
resell the land to private investors for
development in accordance with the
plan.
While no decision has yet been
made, there repeatedly are strong doubts
at the District Building that urban re-
neWal Is called for in this case. Accord
ing to this line of thinking, the District
would be able to adequately specify the
uses Of land and the general form of
development through normal District
coming controls.
Certainly the need for urban renewal
at Anacostia is not as pressing as in the
Southwest, where dozens of blocks of
slumS had to be ripped down and thou
sands Of people relocated But all the
same, the National Capital Planning
Commission has cited several cogent rea-
sons in defense of the urban renewal ap-
proach. For one thing, tremendously ex-
pensive Improvements are needed along
the river to make the area disable for
private development, and the commits
sion feels this work would be difficult to
accomplish if it were left to several de-
velopment groups. Its most persuasive
argument, however, is that the 627-acre
area, Strategically located near the CEN
ter of the city, simply is too valuable to
be developed without determination,
through careful planning. of the uses
that will benefit the city the most Such
planning, the commission argues, is a
requisite for sensible coming in any event,
and it should deal beyond land-use with
the impact which the various develop
ment possibilities would have on such
community services as schools, highways
and transit.
Conceivably, we suppose, such plan
ming could be done without the use of
urban renewal. But the advantages of
such an alternative need to be spelled
out III clearer terms than they have been
thus far. And under no conditions
should the land simply be peddled off to
the highest bidder, without firm and
clear agreement on what would happen
to it.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-01-08

In these troubled days Of
political and economic strife
both at home and abroad, too
many Americans have grown
indifferent to crucial issues
and conditions. Among other
things they have lost-if they
ever had it-their capacity
for indignation. AS a new
conner to Washington who in
the short span of three weeks
has had his car broken into
and looted on one occasion,
maliciously defaced on two
others and been the intended
victim of an aggravated as
sault in the nighttime, I feel
qualified to add a fervent
amen" to j. Edgar Hoover's
"get tough" policy with re-
spect to young delinquents.
Whether it be the steady de-
cline of parental authority or
the increasing tendency of
misguided sentimentalists to
pamper and excuse teen-age
hoods, only disrespect and
contempt for law and order
can result.
Recently I spent three
months in Communist Po-
land participating in a grass
roots ple-to-people ex-
change designed to promote
international understanding
and good will. Travelling
through crowded cities and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-01-08
Sovogery Skin Deep

Harvey H. Hewitt appears
only able to see one side of
the coin, as for example when
he speaks Of the unspeakable
and unrestrained atrocities
committed by the black saw
ages in Katanga. He seems to
take delight in pointing up
the shortcomings of the dark
err races, apparently failing
to see or recognize acts COM
mitted by whites against Ne
groeS.
Where was Mr.. Hewitt when
the bus was burned in Ami
ston, when Emmett Till was
murdered, when Mack Parker
was lynched, when a whole
crowd of savage-appearing,
white adults assembled to har-
ass little colored children in
New Orleans, Little Rock and
other places, just to point out
a handful of Incidents?
G. M. Brown.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-01-08
School Aid Solution?

I think there Is a feasible
solution to the problem of
Federal aid to education, in
particular in its relation to
parochial schools, as follows:
/. Let the principal of each
parochial school notify the
appropriate local public
school authorities what non
religious courses (e. g., math-
ematics, science. languages)
his school wishes to give it's
pupils, indicating what grades
would be involved and the
approximate number of pu-
pills in each grade.
2. Require public school au-
thoritieS to provide for such
courses, by furnishing the
necessary teachers and in
structional materials.
3. These courses should be
regarded as an integral part
of the public school system,
at the expense and under the
control of the public school
authorities, with the same
textbooks as in the public
schools. Any provision for fret
textbooks or transportation
of pupils applicable to public
schools should probably be
available here also.
4. Federal funds should be
made available to help fl
nance these courses.
This program would meet
the demand that the State or
community should assist the
education Of children in pa
rochial schools, without the
use of public funds to finance
religious education or per-
hitting the spending of pub
lie funds by any religious Or
ganization. Hence it should
be acceptable both to those
who favor parochial schools
and those who feel it is I'M
constitutional for the State
to subsidize such schools.
Walter H. McClenOn.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-01-08
Bridqe Buff

My friends say I am hepped
on bridges. It's true; I think
they are wonderful. A week
ago my sister flew down from
Rochester, N. Y. and we drove
to Columbia Island and
parked at the fringe parking
place by the marina. We
hiked over the sidewalk of
the still unopened new bridge
to East Potomac Park. Halt
ing in the center of the
bridge, we gaZed at the
profile of Washington up
river, watched the opera
tions of the dredge, almost
ducked when the planes came
soaring in low to land at Ma
tional Airport. Walking back
at a brisk pace we worked up
a healthy appetite for a nice
lunch at a nearby restau-
rant. I recommend it. It's
much better for the nerves
than a tranquilizer.
Last Thursday I parked my
car in Alexandria and walked
over to the center of the new
Woodrow Wilson bridge for
the opening ceremonies. What
an inspiring occasion! What
a wealth of cooperative eff
fort the completion of this
beautiful bridge represented;
The peoples representatives
voting the funds, the public
officials making the plans,
the engineers, the contrac-
tors, the laborers skilled and
unskilled all working togeth-
er to unite the life on the
two banks of the river! What
an appropriate memorial to
the great Woodrow Wilson
who devoted a lifetime of en-
lightened effort to the bring
ing of peoples together. What
a pity that Mrs. Wilson was
not there to pull the rope
unwilling the memorial. But
surely she was there in her
brave spirit just before it de-
parted this world.
After the ceremony I
walked across to the Mary
land shore. I recommend this
walk, too, on a brisk winter
day to hardy walkers who
want generous doses of fresh
air to tone up their systems.
Later in the day I drove over
the bridge and back with my
wife and sister. I imagine not
many both walked over and
back and drove over and back
in their 10th year. So you
see I did my share to in.
augurate the bridge.
Yes, I'm hepped on bridges.
They fill me with a feeling
of exhilaration and pride of
being a member of the hui
man race that can accom-
plish such a work.
Carleton X. Lewis.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-01-08
Hopeful President

AS becomes a partisan political
occasion, Mr.. Kennedy's talk at the
birthday party for Ohios Governor Mike
Disable looked back with pride and to
the future with hope.
In his reference to such trouble spots
as Laos, the Congo and Latin America,
the President studiously avoided over
statement. Zone cannot say" he COM
mented, shat all these problems have
been solved" In this connection, how
ever, he reiterated what has become a
truiSm in our time. eve must not be-
come exasperated," he declared, with
the failure to solve all our problems over
night. We must be willing to seek the
long-term solutions over long-term
period with patience and determine
tion." If this is not quite the same thing
that Candidate Kennedy was saying
year and half ago, it is nonetheless
true, and is testimonial to the instruc-
ton which one receives in the facts Of
life during a 12-month period in the
White House.
Looking at the larger international
front, the President detected "the be-
ginning of the augmentation of the
Communist empire" and decline in So
Wet influence in Africa and the Middle
East. In contrast, he asserted, the West
ern world has received its greatest i'm
petus toward unity in history"
This cheering estimate is especially
interesting when read in conjunction
with Mr.. KennedyS contention that 1--WE
must continue to associate ourselves with
the emerging nations Of Africa, Asia and
Latin America as they strive for political
and economic independence"
The President did not say what he
meant by continuing to associate our
selves with" these countries. In the
United Nations during the past year,
however, we have associated ourselves
with them in proposals which were NOR
ally wrong and which we knew to be
inequitable. We did this in the hope of
enhancing our prestige among the
emerging nations" But If there was
any gain for us in this popularity con-
test, 1t was won at the expense of de-
terioration in our relations with older
and more stable allies. We do not believe
that this can be reconciled with the no.
ton that the Western world has received
its greatest impetus toward unity in his
tory.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-01-08
PARIS.

PARIS.
There is a kind of poetic
justice in the fact that Will
liam l.. Clayton and Christian
A. Herter are in Paris today.
AS Undersecretary Of State
Mr.. Clayton was one Of
the guiding spirits Of Amer
ica's greatest postwar initia
tive in the field of foreign
policy-the Marshall Plan.
AS Secretary of State Mr..
Herter gave his official bless
ing to the idea of a citizens
commission on NATO.
Today these two men are
in Paris as co-chairmen Of
the American delegation to
the first Atlantic convention
Of NATO nations. The con-
vention is a brainchild of
the citizens commission.
And, it is hoped, it may in
turn give birth to another
major diplomatic initiative
aimed at strengthening the
Western world.
The idea of the citizens
convention has been kicking
around in the United States
Congress and NATO circles
for more than a decade. For
years it was firmly Stymied
by John Foster Dulles, who
had little use for amateur ad-
vice Of any kind and who
saw a potential danger in
the notion that a congrega-
ton of prominent citizens
should meet to debate cur
rent Western problems. The
danger, which is still real
enough today, is that the
issues of national and inter-
national Importance might
be compromised if subjected
to uniformed and unre-
strained enthusiasts which
such an intercontinental con-
gress would be likely to gen.
crate.
Herter Boosted Idea
Mr.. Herter saw the prob
lem in a different and some
what more liberal light. Tn
der competent leadership, he
thought, a NATO citizens
convention could do no harm.
Indeed, on the theory that
papa doesn't always know
best, 1t might provide inval-
liable enlightenment to the
governments on some of the
most vital issues facing the
Western alliance. With Mr..
Herter'S backing the United
States Citizens Commission
on NATO was set up by an
act of Congress in 1860.
Other NATO countries fol-
lowed suit, and the present,
two-Week meeting of 100
prominent citizens hailing
from Is countries is the re-
suit.
1t is, by normal diplomatic
standards, a somewhat I'M
usual exercise. The congress
and its delegates have an
official status in the sense
that they are appointed by
their respective governments
and their expenses are paid
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-01-08

. The State Of Israel rep
reSents and speaks only on
behalf of its own citizens
and in no way presumes to
represent and speak in the
name Of the Jews who are
citizens of any other coun-
try"
E. Z'ev SufOtt,
First Secretary,
Embassy of Israel.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-01-08
Eichmonn Judgment

With reference to DR.. Max
Fischer's letter in your COL
umns Of January l, permit
me to state that nowhere in
the Eichmann Judgment did
the presiding judge claim
that the State of Israel is
the Sovereignty Of a
body polite called the Jewish
people," These are DR.. Fisch-
er's words. Neither is the
term sovereignty" or rep
resentation" used Of Israel in
relation to the Jewish people
in the judgment. What is
dealt with is the legal ques-
ton of the doctrine of link
ing point" The eminent au-
thority on international law,
Damn ("zur Problematic
DIES Voelkerstrafrechts~ is
quoted as follows: Penal
jurisdiction is not a matter
for everyone to exercise.
There must be a linking
point" a legal connection
that links the puniSher with
the punished" In this con-
nection, the presiding Judge
stated, as DR.. Fischer writes,
that "the connection be-
tween the State of Israel and
the Jewish people needs no
explanation, etc."
Israel's Prime Minister,
David Ben-Gurion, has made
IsraePs position on the rela-
tionship between the State
of Israel and Anne rica n
Jewry quite clear in his pub
lie exchange with the presi-
dent of the American Jewish
Committee in April 1861. He
stated that "the Jews of the
U. s., as a community and as
individuals, have only one
political attachment and
that is to the United States
of America. They owe no
political allegiance to Israel.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-01-08
WATCHING THE WORLD
By CROSBY 6 MOVES
Convention of Atlantic Citizens
Foreign Correspondent of The stor

out Of public funds. IT is
unofficial in that no dele
gate is authorized to speak
for anyone but himself.
Even the leaders are slight
ly bemused by the broadness
Of the directive urging them
simply to explore means by
which greater cooperation
and unity Of purpose may be
developed" within the West
ern community. And so far
as the American delegates
are concerned, they have no
idea to whom the final re-
suits Of the congress-if any
should be reported.
Strong Views Held
There should, however, be
no shortage Of intellectual
fodder dished up at the forth
coming sessions by the broad
assortment of politicians, in
tellectuals, business en-,
soldiers and philosophers in
attendance. Most of them
have strong personal views on
the future of the Western
alliance, and most will de-
mand to be heard. Among
the many delegations there
is a strong flavoring of in
ternationalist radicals favor
ing some form of federal
Atlantic union. Clarence
STREET., godfather and indie
fatigable lobbyist Of Union
Now, is wheeling around town
as if the convention repre-
sented the opportunity Of a
lifetime.
What may come of 1t all
in practical terms is any,
body's guess. The leaders are
anxious to avoid exaggerated
expectations and point out
that whatever conclusions the
congress may reach, they will
be valid only in their impact
on public opinion and in their
advisory effect on the various
governments involved.
If there is any one concrete
expectation that one can see
at this point, it is in the eco
nomic field. Most certainly
the congress will dramatic
Europe's growing unity and
strength, together with the
hope of other Western coun-
tries, including the United
States, for closer association
with the Common Market
group.
If it does no more than give
new expression and empha-
sis to this facet of the Allan
tic community the congress
will have served a useful pur-
pose. 1t comes at a time when
closer economic cooperation
could serve to mobilize pub
lie opinion behind the fight
to liberalize trade within the
group of nations represented
here. If so. Mr.. Clayton and
Mr.. Herter will have made no
small contribution to the sue
cess of the Kennedy admin
iStration and to the future of
the community of nations
which they have served so
long.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-01-08
A BOOK FOR TODAY
Mountain S History Makes Tall Tale
By DONALD MINTZ

THE SIERRA, by w. Storrs
Lee with illustrations by
Edward Sanborn. G. P. Put
MANS Sons; $685..
1.-THE Sierra" is an infor-
NAL and absorbing history of
the fantastic mountains that
are the spine of California,
mountains that at first
formed a cruel and awe-in-
spring barrier that was to
be overcome and bent to
mans will but that in
the end are the source of life.
For without the water from
the Sierra Nevada, California
would be a blighted desert.
These mountains are ex-
tremists. Their height is ex-
IRENE and so is the depth
of their SHOWS. The men who
first crossed them and the
later generations who ex-
tracted their gold and felled
their trees were as extrava-
CANT as the setting in which
they worked. And so the story
told by Mr.. Lee, a former
Dean of Middlebury College,
has the wild dash of the tall
tale about it. This, however,
is not fiction but fact, and
Mr.. Lee knows that the secret
Of vivid historical writing lies
less in the style of the his
torian than in skilled use Of
contemporaneous sources.
THE HIGH STANDARD
Of brigandage" in the noun
tains in the years after the
gold strike is told mostly in
the language of the brig
ands, their victims and the
local newspapers.
When the iawlessness be-
came too much even for the
rough-hewn Californians, the
Vigilance Committee system
of justice sprang to life.
The subtleties of the law were
alien to its mountain nature,
and there was widespread
criticism back in the effete
east. Here, the Sonora Herald
jumps to the defense: I'm the
old states where society is
properly organized and law
and order prevail, such a
course might properly be de-
nounced as 'mob-law' and
'lynch-law.' But criminals
and adventures from every
part of the globe have
flocked to California for the
past three years. -.
1.-The murderer, the assas-
sin and the incendiary lurked
around in open day. The peo-
pie we're compelled for their
own protection to take upon
themselves the responsible
ties they did. And what has
been the result? Law and or
der and justice again prevail,
security is given to life and
property, and numbers of vile
marauders have met the fate
they so richly merited."
And throughout the book,
the participants themselves
tell of gold and lumber, rail-