davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-09-25
Thurgood Marshall, u. S. Jurist

sons. He tried to make them
understand what this domes-
tic battle Of ours over civil
rights is all about, how far
we have come already and
how far we hope to 60. And
when he said we" he was
not talking about American
Negroes, he was talking about
America.
Perhaps others do not find
this either impressive or
humbling. If I do 1t Is be-
cause, when I try in imagina-
ton TO walk in their shoes"
I wonder that any sensi-
tive, intelligent American
Negro can avoid becoming q
neurotic enemy of this society
of ours. Whether the secret
lies in his genes or IN his
upbringing or in both I
would not know, but the es-
sential fact about Thurgood
Marshall is that he bears no
trace of this virus in the emo
tions. A Negro, he remains
a whole man in q society
half-sick from racial preju-
dice. Whatever his qualifica-
tions as a legal thinker-and
they must be considerable
Mr.. Marshall qualities as q
human being Of the first
rank.
Evening star., 1962-09-25
Stevenson Lends Campaign Hand

once Mayor Of Louisville but
last year, despite the Demo-
cratic State administration,
the city slipped its moorings.
Both the Mayor and the
county government are Re-
publican. Senator Morton's
supporters expect him to
carry the county by a sur
prisingly large plurality.
The Senator, himself, has
more stature by far than
most Republican candidates
in the South. At President
Eisenhower's instance, he be-
came chairman and therefore
chief national spokesman of
the Republican National
Committee from 1859 to
1861. That connection has
helped him in the financing
of his campaign and made
him much better known than
in his three House and one
Senate races
On domestic issues the race
is clear-cut. Mr.. Wyatt is a
liberal. once active in the
now moribund Americans for
Democratic Action. He can
be expected to back President
Kennedy strongly all the way.
Senator Morton is a domestic
conservative, but he has a
rational approach to inter-
national affairs. The rivals
are both good campaigners;
easy and knowing on the
hustings.
Evening star., 1962-09-25
Responsibility in Cuban Affair

April II, President Kennedy
made a fateful decision. He
said no to the use Of United
States planes. ..
with no air support, the
invasion soon began to run
into trouble. .. In the face
Of this situation, President
Kennedy took the wraps off
the Cuban fliers. On Mon
day noon he said they could
60 into action. But bad
weather interfered at first.
Finally, an air strike was set
up for early Wednesday.
"On Tuesday, however, the
situation continued to de-
teriorate. BY Tuesday
night. April Is, a crisis was
clearly at hand. Once again
there was an appeal to Presi-
dent Kennedy. On this night
the President, in white tie
and tails. was playing host
at a congressional reception
in the White House. He left
the party to confer with his
adVisers-both civilian and
military. Again it was pro-
posed to use United States
planes to save the invasion.
"This time the President
relented slightly. He con-
sented to using one carriers
planes for just one hour on
Wednesday morning - just
long enough to provide COW
er for the invaders to land
some supplies and for their
planes to make a quick
strike. United States planes.
still, were not to attack land
targets.
Even this limited plan
for United States aid went
awry. There we're commune
cations mixups. The Cuban
flyers mistimed their strike.
The United States planes
never got into action. And
anyway, it developed, 1t was
too late. BY sundown Of We'd
nesday, April 10, the invas-
ion was a failure. The in
vaders inflicted close to o.
600 casualties on Castro's
forces, suffered only a hum
dred or so casualties Of their
own. But without air sup
port, the invaders could not
hold out. Most of them wound
up as Castro captives."
Criticism and analysis in
retrospect by those who know
the whole story is concen-
trated today on one point
full authority should be CIV
en- in advance and a mill
tary operation should be
handled by military men
near the battle scene and
not many hundreds Of miles
away in the White House or
even in the Pentagon.
(copyriRht, 1g62)
Evening star., 1962-09-25
ERIC SEVAREID

Thurgood Marshall, the
history books will surely at
test, was the sharp but tenn
pered spearhead Of the great
movement which in this gen.
Grafton carried Negro Amer
leans considerably closer to
the citadel of full citizen
ship.
A man whose total public
Identification has been that
of a Negro fighting for the
constitutional rights Of
Negroes can hardly escape
becoming a symbolic figure.
But symbols do not make
judges; men make judges;
and what is worth thinking
about here is not the symbol
but the man.
The four Southern Sena-
tors Of the Judiciary COM
mittee who deliberately
stalled committee action on
the nomination Of Mr.. Mar
shall to the Circuit Court Of
Appeals, and then voted
against Judge Marshall. can
only have regarded him as
symbol and his nomination
as a symbolic case. They
have bitterly opposed the
Supreme Court decision on
school segregation as a wound
in both the flesh and the
spirit of the Constitution,
and they considered their op-
position to the chief instiga-
tor of that decision, there
fore, as q perfectly logical
expression of doctrinal con-
sistency.
In addition to this they
acted out of what they regard
as political necessities. Just
as many of the Northern,
big city Senators acted when
they voted in favor Of Mr..
Marshall. For them, too, the
bulking Baltimorean, who has
become one Of the most fa-
nous lawyers Of this legal
istic age, is a symbol and
perhaps nothing more.
All this was inevitable, but
1t Is a pity, and not only be-
cause it is wrong in spirit. 1t
is q pity in this particular
case because 1t is wrong in
fact; that is, it is a misin-
depreciation of the man. If
there are Southern Senators
who were against Mr.. Mar
shall because they believe he
will pass his judgments as
a Negro, II there are North
ern Senators who believe the
same but do not. for poll
tical reasons. care If he does
then both sides are in er-
ror. I say this on the basis
of an acquaintance with the
judge which has not been
intimate but which happened
to take place in circum-
stances sharply revealing OF
the mans cast of mind.
My first chance meeting
with Mr.. Marshall occurred in
London where he had arrived
in the company Of ToT
Evening star., 1962-09-25
POTOMAC FEVER
BY Pete Wyma
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

Vice President Johnson good jobs for
Why? They've consistently failed at their main Job Of trying
to get to amount to something,
Note to Democratic candidates Don't apologize for too
many Kennedys in office Just be thankful there still
more offices than Kennedys.
New model bulletin from Detro They're so luxurious
instead Of trading stamps they're giving away mink
belts with them.
On TV show, Republican leaders Halleck and Dirksen
disagree the Kennedy dynasty Haleck thinks 1t ought
to be torn down. Drksen is 1t brought up.
Progress note The Indians fire by rubbing two sticks
together Today to knde quick blaze you have to out
and rub two tenders together.
Evening star., 1962-09-25
Account of Command Decisions
Ii the Invasion Attempt Is Given

"a second air strike was
scheduled for Monday morn
ing, April II. 1t was to COIN
eide with the landing Of the
invaders. It was supposed to
finish the job Of wiping out
Castro's planes and to pro-
vide air support for the in
Vasion.
Secure in the assurance Of
air support. the invaders
went ashore In the early
morning darkness Of Mon
day, April II. Their landing
was successful: 1,400 armed
men reached the beaches Of
a place called the Bay Of Pigs.
"In the battle that followed,
Castro's troops suffered
heavy casualties. Castro's
tanks, coming up to the
battle, were sitting ducks for
an attack by air. Confidently,
the little invading force
waited for its air support to
arrive. Its leaders had as
surance Of that support. 1t
was provided in the pre-in-
vasion planning.
Hours before. on Sunday
evening, a small but potent
force Of B-26S was sitting in
readiness on an airfield 500
miles away Gin a Latin
American country, waiting
to take off for the Bay of
Pigs. Those were planes of
the invasion force, with
Cuban pilots. But those
planes didn't take off. The
reason: President Kennedy
forbade their use.
When the invasion began,
in the pre-dawn hours Of
Monday, the need Of air sup
port became apparent. Wor-
ried, the nonmilitary officials
in Washington who were
running the invasion went to
President Kennedy for q new
decision. They suggested that
United States Navy planes
from a United States aircraft
carrier be used to fly air
support for the invaders.
''In the planning Of the in
vasion-planning begun un-
der the Eisenhower admins
tration-the Joint Chiefs of
Staff had recommended the
use Of air support. President
Kennedy vetoed the idea. He
insisted that there was to be
no direct American partici-
patton. Now, with the out
come possibly hanging in the
balance, military and nom
military men Joined In re-
newing the plea.
"Once again, in the early
morning hours Of Monday,
Evening star., 1962-09-25
RALPH McGnL
New u. NJ. International School
Follows Some Rickoyer Precepts

Admiral Hyman Rickover,
who has been called, among
other things, a singing fly
on the hide of public educa-
ton, might be pleased with
the United Nations Interna-
tional School. 1t has what
might be called a selected
clientele, having been estab-
lished primarily to care for
the children of United Ma
tions staffs and the city's in
,ternational community.
The admiral became dis
enchanted with the level of
the United States elementary
and high school instruction
out of an intense personal
experience. AS the father of
the atomic submarine, he
found it necessary to teach
its children-the crews that
would man them. His expert
ence in trying to find enough
high school graduates among
enlisted men who would, and
could, take the necessary
training courses left the ad-
miral angry and shaken.
Educators tend to try to
dismiss the admiral's stric-
lures against the pablum Of
most public school eurricu-
lums as being too general or
as the resentments of a high
strung, testy man. But they
have not talked with him, nor
have they seen his damning
statistics drawn from actual
cases, nor visited his school
set up to repair the omissions
and failures Of the Nations
high schools.
The admiral recently testi-
fled at length before q con-
gressional subcommittee and
the, testimony and exhibits
Evening star., 1962-09-25
RALPH McGILL
Squirting Educational Pace in u. S.

often catch up with, or sur
pass, the fast starters.) He
insists that it Is not anti
democratic to have schools
for those who can proceed at
a faster pace. Such schools
would not, he argues, create
an educated elite. What they
would do, he believes, is to
provide the Nation with a
constant, necessary supply Of
good minds trained to do the
many imperative tasks de-
Evening star., 1962-09-25
DAVID LAWRENCE

President Kennedy In his
speeches likes to refer to his
troubles-particularly Cuba
as having been inherited"
from the Eisenhower admin
istration. Former President
Truman says in his political
outbursts that Mr.. Eisenhower
was a lazy" President. The
real question is not how much
time a President gives to golf
or yachting or campaigning
or social events. but how he
uses the time he does give to
official business-the kind Of
decisions he makes.
Members of Congress have
in the last few days put into
the Congressional Record a
lengthy article that was pub
lished two weeks ago in U. S.
News g. World Report giving
a comprehensive account of
the fateful decision President
Kennedy made when he first
withdrew and then-when 1t
was too late - actually ap-
proved air support for the
Cuban exiles in their inva-
sions of their homeland in
April, 1861.
Ever since that time there
have been attempts to blame
the whole fiasco on the
United States Joint Chiefs Of
Staff or on the Central In
telligence Agency. But Presi-
dent Kennedy told the truth
when he himself assumed full
responsibility. What hasn't
been generally known, how
ever, is how he came to make
the mistake he did. The ma
gazine article was the result
Of many weeks of investiga-
ton and research among Of
ficial sources, particularly
among persons who were in
the know at the time. Ger
tain administration officials
have since conceded the ac-
curacy of the article. 1t reads
in part as follows:
"a fateful decision, made
by President Kennedy on
Sunday, April 16, 1851, is ris-
ing now to plague the United
States. On that Sunday eve
ning,. an armed force of Gu
ban refugees, trained by the
United States, was at sea,
sailing secretly to invade FL
del Castro's Cuba. The Amer
ican President, a few hours
earlier, had given final ap-
proval to that invasion.
"Only the day before, on
April Is. a surprise attack by
BPS bombing planes belong
ing to the invaders had
knocked out all but seven
planes Of Castro's tiny air
force.
Evening star., 1962-09-25

make up a book Of disturbing
facts. It may be possible to
squirm out of some of them.
but the public document
should be required reading
for all school boards.
One of the Rickover beliefs
is that children are not all
mentally equal. (He knows
that some start slower and
Evening star., 1962-11-01
Films of More Than Routine Merit

"HENRY V"-Laurence Olivier in exciting
scrptiOn of the Shakespearean drama.
LOOK BACK IN ANGER"-Richard Burton in a dramatic
portrait of Brtain'S original angry young man.
"THE MUSIC MAN"-Lively musical Americana, with rs
trOmbOnes, Robert Preston and Shirley Jones.
"REAR WINDOW"-Grace Kelly, James Stewart and some
superior suspense by Alfred Hitchcock, reissued
SEVEN BRIDES FOR SEVEN BROTHERS"-Howard Keel
in a rOlicking musical, of HOIlywOOds best ever
Evening star., 1962-11-01

There are moments in Gig
OF" at the Playhouse when the
movie-goer may feel he is look
ing at the popcorn dispenser
rather than the screen.
Cheerfully, there are others
when Jackie Gleason is rescu-
ing the fine actor he can be
from the script he wrote for
himself in "Gigot." These are
the ones that skirt maudlinity
and there are enough of them
to pique even those to whom
Gleason is not simply an ad-
diction.
AS its title intimates, Paris is
the setting of "Gigot." Specif-
ically, this is one of those
neighborly, lower class hooks in
which the films hero, a noun
famous mute, pits a disarming
good will against the cheap
ugliness Of his fellow man.
1t is an uneven struggle for
poor Gigot who looks like an
untidy bundle of last months
laundry. Nevertheless, if life
has left him speechless, it has
not entirely robbed him of a
talent for coping. He has wits
to live by. These reward him
with the affection of the areas
cats and dogs, which he feeds,
and that of its children whom
he charms. He has this affec-
ton to fall back on when the
heartless adults treat him as
the neighborhood dimwit.
When the versatile, complex,
and inventive Gleason manages
to elude the sentimental one,
Director Gene Kelly has some
sound material to work on in
I"Gigot," Together, the two
manage Chaplin-like echos in
a number of narrative turns.
One of these is Gigot'S addic-
ton to funerals, including fl
Inally his own. Another is his
take-over of a barroom revel.
in which he proves the pre-
Sumed imbecile buffoon is a
genuinely talented clown. Still
another is an amusement park
sequence in which a couple of
youthful, muscular bullies dis
cover Gigot's gentleness has its
limits.
!, AS his own script writer,
Gleason is ruthless in demand
ing work of Gleason the actor.
The latter is almost never off
camera in "Gigot," a better
boxoffice idea than an artistic
one in those over-ripe moods
which kept turning up in the
film.
Evening star., 1962-11-01
WHERE
AND WHEN
Current Theater Attraction
And Time of Showing

Stage
National - Dark. Harold
starts November 5.
Arena-"Once in a Lifetime;
$3.50 pm.
Catholic University-"Char-
ley's Aunt; $3.50 pm.
Howard - Vaudeville. Mira
cles-Marvelettes; 2, 4:45, 7:3O
and 10 pm.
Screen
Ambassador - "Wh a tever
Happened to Baby Jane?";;
1875, AIS, 6::55 and 9:35 pm
Apex - Divorce Italia n
Style";; 1880. $3.50, 5:35, 7:35
and $40 pm.
Capitol-"Escape from East
Berlin; 11:55 am, l:55, 3:55,
5:55, 7:55 and 9:55 pm.
DupOnt-"Phaedra";; /, $40
$40, TAO and 9:55 pm.
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. Can
didate"; 1890 an, 12:45, $40,
$50. 8 and 1925 pm.
Macarthur - "a Matter OF
Who; $50, $40 and 9:55 pm
Metropolitan - Whatever
Happened to Baby Jane?";;
11:30 am, 2, 4:35, 7 and 9:4C
pm.
Evening star., 1962-11-01

''Divorce-Italian Style" is at
once an outrageous and wildly
funny movie.
1t asks the moviegoer not
merely to suspend disbelief but
to aneSthetize his conscience.
This is a stiff demand but un-
til proved otherwise. the as
sumption must be that sophis-
ticated adults will be able to
grant it.
The faintest qualm on the
part of anyone concerned with
its making would have left
Divorce - Italian Style" un-
made. A rueful thing this would
have been, too, for after all the
suffering everyone has been
through with La Strada," La
Dolce Vita" ETC., the Italians
owe the rest of us a lot of
laughs.
The basis Of the new film at
the Apex Theater, another with
Marcello MaStroianni, is that
Italian law makes no provision
for divorce. That part of the
marriage emony, until
death do us part" is an abso-
Lutte. This leaves it up to the
offended or merely disappoint-
ed partner to await the death
of the mate who bores him, or
who is unfaithful, m tally
cruel, over demanding, or
whatever.
And suppose this waiting
proves insufferable? That is
what the wild farce at the Apex
is about.
Mastroianni is a husband so
trapped in Divorce - Italian
Style" He finds his wife a cloy-
ing vulture, a rare type and
certainly an unbearable one.
So, in order to marry a young
er and more promising cousin,
he sets about diSpoSing Of his
mistaken first choice.
This is an extravagantly diff
ficult project, the more so since
MaStroianni is an ariStocrat
and must behave with at least
an outward grace. He may not
kill in either hot or cold blood,
but only with imagination and
a touch Of delicacy. Although a
Sicilian, a member of one of
Sicily's stormiest best families,
he may not drown his wife,
simply shoot, or push her into
a swamp.
Yet, it is while dwelling upon
the handicap of honor that he
comes upon the honorable So
luton of his dilemma. The dis
tance between his first impulse
and its ultimate destination is
long but never tiresome. 1t is
raffishly detailed, irreverent
wickedly amusing and always
cleverly acted.
Outside of Mastloianni, the
cast is largely unfamiliar. 1t
leaves little doubt, however,
that all Italians are joyous
comedians. And even less doubt
that Director Pietro Germi is a
vividly ieering jester.
Evening star., 1962-11-01

Town - "The Pigeon That
Took Rome; 1910, 2:10, 4:10,
6:10, $40 and 1910 pm.
Trans-Lux-"Boccaccio to-;
1880 am, 2:3O, $50, $3.50 pm.
Warner-"West Side Story:
2:40, $40 and $40 pm.
Evening star., 1962-11-01

Ontario-"The Longest Day.;
$3.50 pm.
Palace-"Billy Budd";; 11:15
am, l:20, $3.50, 5:35, 7:45 and
9:55 pm.
PlayhOuse-"Gigot"; IL, 2, 4,
6, 8 and $50 pm.
Plaza-"Secrets of the Nazi
Criminals; 1870 am, 1870,
1885, $40, 1850 and 10 pm.
Battle of Stalingrad";; 1880,
2:55, 5, 7:l0 and 9:20 pm.
Evening star., 1962-11-01
THE PASSING SHOW
Italian Farce, 81;
'Gigot,' ST y No
BY JAY CARMODY
Drama Critic of Ths Star

"GIGOT," goth Century Fox
release Of a Kenneth Hyman pro-
duction, directed by Gene Kelly,
screenplay by John Patrick from a
story by Gleason, music by Gleason.
At the Playhouse Theater.
Evening star., 1962-11-01

"DIVORCE-ITALIAN STYLE" a
Lux x-Vieds-Galatea Film release OF a
Franco Cristaldi production, directed
by Pietro Germi, screenplay by En-
MO De Concini, Alfredo GiRnnetti
and Gerni: music by Carlo Rusti-
ehelli. At the Apex Theater.
The Cast
Ferdinando Marcelin MsStroianui
RoSalia ----- DenielA Roeea
Angela ---- Stefauia Sandreln
Carmelo Patsne -Leopoldo Trieste
The Detroit tribune., 1962-03-24

Kenneth l.. Hallenbeck, direct
or Of the Huron-Clinton Metropo-
Titan Authority, announced today
that southeastern Michigan now
has a new lake at the upper por-
ton of Stony Creek Metropolitan
Park. new recreational site
covering over 3, 900 acres under
development astride the Macomb-
Oakland County line.
Heavy rains and melting snow
have supplied sufficient water to
iill-In the upper lake area at the
new park site. The lake stretches
north Of the new dam for one
mile and is located on both sides
OF 28 Mile Road about A miles
southeast of Romeo in Macomb
County.
Hallcnbeck pointed out that
inc Authority is pleased that the
lake has been formed and visitors
can view this new lake from %
Mile Road. However, he warns
visitors and area residents to stay
out OF the presently undeyeloped
PARK grounds since the shore
INES are dangerous and there are
ueep spots in the lake. This lake
VIII be lowered by midsummer 10
The Detroit tribune., 1962-03-24
Upper Lake Formed

permit continued work on the
lake bottom even though most OF
the trees and brush have already
been cleared.
"just a view of the lake shows
the tremendous potential OF TINS
newest Authority recreational
site" remarked Hallcnbeck. I'll
Will provide recreation in an
area dominated by rolling, hilly
countryside and enhanced by the
lake surface for boating, fishing
swimming and winter sports. Fa'
cilities. when completed, will also
include a wildlife sanctuary, ma
ture trails. Nature Center, picnic
table and stoves and roads Tor
scenic drives" he added.
Stony Creek Metropolitan Park
is not expected to be open until
sometime in 1864 and then only
for limited public use since facill-
ties will be gradually developed
as funds become available and
construction work is completed.
1--WE ask the public to cooper
ate with us as this new park is
constructed by keeping out of
future park areas except to drive
along 28 Mile Road to view the
new lake" concluded Hallenbeck.
The Detroit tribune., 1962-03-24

TALLAHASSEE - Coach Pete
Griffin, track coach at Florida
Ann University, has been flood
cd with invitations for his track
star Robert Hayes to compete IN
track meets.
Invitations have been coming
in from all over the country Tor
sprinter Robert Hayes and our
A4O-yard relay team ne SAID.
Hayes has equalled the world
record for the hundred yard dash
in his last two outings. He tied
the 90 record held by Frank
Budd of Villanova in the Florida
District AAU meet in Miami last
month. He had a 93 timing IN
the National Association of Inter
collegiate Athletics track and
field championship meet in South
Dakota last June. Budd broke
the record few days later.
The FAMU 440-yard relay team
The Detroit tribune., 1962-03-24
Hidden Planets
Return To View

ANN ARBOR - The planets
are returning to view. according
to University of Michigan as
tronomer.
Since the beginning of Febru-
ary. "all of the five naked eye
planets - Venus, Jupiter. Saturn,
Mars and Mercury were so
nearly in line with the sun that
they could not be easily seem
explains Associate Prof. Hazel
: NJ LoSh.
However. Venus has now moved
to the east Of the sun, ahd it
will remain in the western twi-
light for a short while after sun
set. "Bv the end of March. il
will be more than an hour behind
the sun, and may be seen as a
brilliant evening star very low
in the western sky" Professor
Losh says.
I'm the morning Jupiter and
Saturn make their appearances
low in the southeastern dawn.
BY the end of the month, Saturn
will be visible for about two and
one = half hours before sunrise
Jupiter, much brighter than
Saturn, will rise about an hour
before the sum-" Professor Losh
notes.
The Detroit tribune., 1962-03-24
Phillies Desegreguie
Training Facilities

PHILADELPHIA The Phila-
delphia Phillies reluctantly be-
came the last team to end biased
training facilities in Florida, this
week thanks to the local NAACP
branch.
A. Leon Higginbotham, presi-
dent of the local NAACP, ad-
vised John Quinn business mana
ger and Robert Carpenter, own
er - both of whom had insist
ed nothing could be done-that
his branch would picket the
clubs home games.
"If is obvious" the NAAcP
said. that the PhiIIies could OBJ
tain intesrsted housing fseiIi.
sies for their Negro baIIpIsyers
if they were willing to fight for
them Just as the other ball clubs
have DONE"
After reminding the teams Of
ficials that ''the matter has been
studied but no results have been
obtained" the NAACP called