davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-06

for passenger cars. The limit was raised
from IS to go miles an hour on four
lane, non-limited access highways.
The laws went into effect as the
summer season filled the roads with va
cationers and other pleasure-seekers,
some Of whom often forget speed laws
and common sense in their determine
ton to get where they are going as soon
as possible. In Virginia such motorists
had better give more time and atten-
ton to safe and sane driving practices.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-06
Let the Reckless Beware

Virginia is equipped to use some new
weapons In its war on dangerous drivers.
The weapons available for the first
time will be directed against variety of
reckless motorists, from those suspected
Of driving while drunk to repeated viola
tors Of the speed laws. The past General
Assembly authorized the new crack
down by courts and police in an effort
to reduce the heavy toll of dead and
manned on the State highways. The
effectiveness of the drive will depend,
OF course, on how well and vigorously
the new traffic-safety laws are en-
forced.
The most important addition to
Virginia's traffic laws Is the So-called
implied consent measure, under which
anyone driving in the State will be held
to have consented to a blood test if
arrested for drunken driving. Should
any driver refuse to submit to such a
teSt-except for good reason, such as
a. health condition-he will become sub
ject to 90-day suspension of his license.
A second such offense would bring
Six-month suspension. Unfortunately,
Tile law Was WdteTeQ GOWN uuQer pres
sure of opponents before passage could
be assured. For example, a two-hour
period was allowed for taking blood
samples and the accused was granted the
light to have his own test made for COM
parison with the States. To what ex-
tent these notifications may create
1oopholes can be determined only by
experience with the new law.
The Assembly also increased the
penalties for several types of reckless
driving, provided for a five-year loss
of license for any motorist convicted
for fourth time of major violations,
stiffened the rules for licensing of
drivers under Is, increased permit fees
to help pay for driver training courses
in the schools and required all 1863
model cars to be equipped with safety
belts for the front seat And to facilitate
movement of traffic over such specially
engineered roads as limited-acceSS high
ways of the Shirley type, speed limits
were raised from so to IS miles an houl
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-06

by many passages in the pre-
vailing opinions. For instance
Justice Black says.
1.-THE Establishment Clause
under the Free Exercise
Clause does not depend upon
any showing of direct gov
ernmental compulsion, and is
violated by laws which es-
tabliSh an official religion
whether those laws operate
directly to coerce non-observ-
ing individuals or not"
His extremely broad con-
cept of laws which establish
an official religion" Is def
nitely illustrated by his jul
dicial statement with regard
to the case Immediately be-
fore the court.
I'VE think that by using
Its public prayer system to
encourage recitation of the
Regents prayer, the State Of
New York has adopted a
practice wholly inconsistent
with the Esta Bills h m ent
Clause"
It is true that the opinion
does mention a few histori-
cal facts taken from the
18th and 18th centuries. But
there are no references to the
historical developments of the
goth century or even to those
OF the 18th century. It Is as
If a Supreme Court decision
on contemporary transporta-
ton problems were to be
reached on the basis of the
ideas and practices of the
horse and buggy age exclu-
Sively.
Internal evidence convinc-
ingly shows that the contro-
verified prayer used in the New
York public schools was
framed in a conciliatory and
philosophical spirit in an eff
fort to establish a very brief
school exercise to serve as a
recurring reminder of some
of the leading principles of
our national spiritual hertz
age. No student was required
to recite the prayer or even
to be present at school as
semblies where it was to be
recited.
If there Is to be any place
in our constitutional develop
ment for the Jurisprudence Of
relative rights" or for the
declaration of the preamble
to the Constitution that the
whole constitutional system
was ordained and established
Ito secure the blessings of
liberty" mot to work out
novel mathematical abstrac-
tons about liberty" quite
apart from any belief that
there are any such possible
ties as 'blessings"). then the
words of this New York pray
er which quote as the final
word seem to me to embody
its own true and best defense
on the constitutional issue.
Almighty God. we &C.
knowledge our dependence
upon Thee, and we beg Thy
blessings upon us, our par
entS, our teachers and our
country"
Charles S. Collier,
Professor Emeritus of Law
. George Washington Uni
versity.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-06
Courts Logic and Methods CHALLENGED

The recent decision Of the
Supreme Court in the school
prayer case" has caused q
startling intellectual commo-
ton as well as much genuine
religious discomfort.
Under the logic and "pol-
icy" Of this decision, the 10
words Of the anti-establish-
ment clause of the First
Acknowledgements shall
make no law respecting the
establishment of religion
are suddenly charged with
dynamic power to destroy the
whole regime Of harmonious
cooperation and mutual re-
spect between the churches
and the States which has
prevailed in the United
States. The logic and policy
Of the Engel decision will not
stop with judicial prohibition
Of prayers in school exercises.
Mr.. Justice Douglas, in
concurring with the majority,
states:
THE point for decision is
whether the Government can
constitutionally finance a
religious exercise. Our system
at the Federal and State
levels Is presently honey
combed with such financing.
Nevertheless I think it Is an
unconstitutional undertak-
ing whatever form it takes"
In a footnote, Justice
Douglas lists such lads" to
religion. There is compulsory
chapel at the (military)
service academies and reli-
gious services are held in
Federal hospitals and prisons.
The President issues religious
pfoclamations. The Bible Is
used for the administration
of oaths. There is Bible
reading in the schools of the
District Of Columbia, and
religious instruction Is given
in the Districts National
School for Boys. Religious
organizations are exempt
from the Federal income tax
and are granted postal
privileges. Up to defined
limits-15 per cent Of the
adjusted gross income Of in
dividuals and 5 percent OF
the net income Of corpora
tions-contributionS to re-
ligious organizations are
deductible for Federal in
come tax purposes"
Under Mr.. Justice Douglas
explicit declaration, all Of
these long established prac-
tees have suddenly become
unconstitutional. Thus the
decision is regarded by one
of its own judicial creators
as having a really revolu'
tionary character, and If fol
lowed out logically in othel
cases its harmful effect!
upon religious interests cal
hardly be ver-estimated.
Perhaps the most serious
criticism Of the decision ant
the prevailing opinions o
the court in the "schoo
prayer case" has to do will
the legal method and tn
legal logic of these prevail
ing opinions. The court ma
jority relies chiefly, if no
exclusively, on an outworl
type of conceptual logic. TIL
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-06
THE PASSING SCENE
Supreme Courts Divisive Ruling
By WILLIAM S. WHIT.

to be so alarmed. The other
is that every Presidential
hopeful In both parties viii
need to be aware Of this
alarm. For every one viii be
beset from now on by de-
mands to declare himself"
on this passionate question
so needlessly flung into the
arena of politics by the SUI
preme Court OF the United
States.
Even those who think the
court was right - in the
mechanically excited
and quite mistaken view that
any other ruling would have
somehow sanctioned some in
termixture of church and
State" - cannot blink away
these harsh facts Of political
life.
To what was surely an
adequate list Of ordinary
issues-the condition Of the
economy, the conduct Of for
eign policy-something new
and pointless has now been
added. For the people Of this
country are being divided In
a class struggle Of an ugly
kind which need not and
should not ever have &C.
CURED.
Value Tradition
On the one side are all
those who value tradition and
the old and gentle practices
including those who may
not themselves necessarily be
religious people. On the 9TH
er side are two sets: All
those who in their hearts
glory in the destruction Of
all tradition, believing not
in some change but in total
change, total change for its
own sake. And all those who,
while not consciously anti
traditionalist, read the doc
trine of separation Of church
and state so narrowly and SO
nervously that they see some
clergyman. of whatever faith
he may be. beneath every
little desk in every school,
house in the country.
Let those who salute the
courts decision now ponder
what it has really done. Is
the denial by that court Of the
right to say a small, nonSec-
tartan prayer in q school,
house worth what it will
cost? Is the Constitution
protected" by this amazing
intrusion into the intimate
private affairs of the people
and into the due and estab-
lished rights of the individ-
ual States?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-06
RUSSIAN FOREIGN POL

RUSSIAN FOREIGN POL
ICY: Essays In Historical
Perspective. Edited by Two
j. Lederer. 620pp. Yale Uni
versity Press; $40.
Between April 6 and 8 Of
last year q conference on
"a Century of Russian For
eign Policy: Studies in His
torical Perspective" was held
at Yale University. Papers
prepared for the conference
were circulated in advance.
1t is these papers, some of
them in revised and ex-
panded form. that make up
most Of the contents Of
Russian Foreign Policy"
There are II such essays.
The overwhelming majority
are by scholars connected
with universities, while two
are by Government en-
ployes Then there Is in
troductory matter by the
editor, Prof. Lederer of Yale;
a foreword by the dis
tinguished historian, George
vernadsky, and finally the
text of q brief address by
Ambassador George F. Ken
nan.
This material is divided
into five parts. The first.
somewhat mySteriouSly head
ed "Contexts," consists of
contributions that try to
make palpable the funda-
mental attitudes which Rus
STA and then the Soviet
Union brought and bring to
dealings with other coun-
tries, and those matters of
internal opinion and eco
Monies that had or have
considerable effect on for
eign policy.
The next section, "Forma-
ton Of Policy" deals with
the techniques and their
backgrounds involved in the
shaping of foreign policy
in Russia and the Soviet
Union.
Then, Instruments OF
Policy" investigates four
working tools, the military
propaganda, international
movements and techniques
of negotiation.
THE CONFEREES next
turned to a discussion Of
POLICY in Action" and q
series Of papers discuss Rus
sian and Soviet foreign policy
in specific areas Of the world
Finally. Retrospect anc
Prospect" comes to direct
grips with current matters ir
the light of the present
Soviet-American polarization
AS Prof. Lederer states
no attempt has been made
to avoid overlapping discus.
sion in the papers. Still les.
have the authors tried tt
arrive at a consensus.
The two factors, togethel
with the fact that the author!
have not presupposed {
highly detailed knowledge o
Russian history, incre ast
rather than diminish thu
interest of the volume for thu
general reader.
It Is fascinating rattle
than confusing to come acroS
the same event several time,
over, each time seen in {
different perspective as on
does with the Franco-Russial
rapprochement of the end o
the last century. for example
1t is just as fascinating t
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-06


lines of deduction and In
ference are very strictly
drawn, but the concepts and
the premises Of the reason
ing used are pictures taken
from the story books Of past
centuries and cannot be
recognized as realistic pic
lures Of social and intellec-
tual activity in the United
States today.
For instance, no reference
is made in any of the Su-
preme Court opinions to the
very powerful and widespread
movements which are so con-
spicuous at the present time
for the union Of all Christian
groups. This movement has
had great successes among
Methodists, Presbyterians.
Lutherans, and other for
merly divided denominations
in recent years. The relevance
of these unification move
ments to the actual religious
psychology Of the people Of
the United States today, es-
pecially among Protestant
Christians, Is obvious.
The opinion of Justice
Black barely mentions that
the New York Board Of Re-
gents composed the prayer
now under legal condensation
as a part of their '"State-
ment on Moral and Spiritual
Training in the Schools, I"
and they recommended and
published it accordingly. The
purpose was to meet a rec
ognized and demonstrated
need for moral and spiritual
education in New York, and
was obviously not an isolated
or capricious exercise Of bu-
reaucratic authority. But the
Supreme Court pays no at
tention to this general and
carefully considered educa-
tional purpose as revealing
the real meaning Of the
strictly voluntary school
prayer system" these State
officials wished to put into
operation.
Then, too, the court ma
jority in this important de-
cision seems to have aban-
doned the doctrine SO widely
accepted in the Jurisprudence
of our country that most
If not all. legal and constitu-
tional rights are relative and
not absolute, and that these
rights must be construed and
defined by considering and
weighing the interests and
claims Of one party or one
class group in a broad con-
troversy in comparison with
the like estimation of the
claims and interests of Other
parties and class groups
Such a comprehensive, flex.
ible, and impartial consider
alton seems necessary If thu
courts are to produce "sounc
decisions" and well-balancet
opinions. But the court ma
jority in Engel v. WHALE at
taches an absolute and I'm
limited legal value to tn
"anti-establishment clause
of the First Amendment
taken in an abstract all-or
nothing sense. This abstrac
character Of the courts rea
, soning can be demonstrate,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-06

An immense, shadowy and
unnecessarily divisive issue
has been added to this con-
gressional election year and
to the 1854 Presidential cam
paign year by the Supreme
Courts decision banning any
organized prayer in the pub
lie schools even If nom
UNCONVENTIONAL and volun-
tary.
The court has thrown a
great rock into the national
pond. This has been proved
in half q dozen ways since
its extraordinary ruling. But
how deep the rippleS run is
shown most strikingly in the
demand of the Governors of
the so American States
with only Gov. Nelson Rock
efeller of New York demur-
ring and abstaining from
voting-for a Constitutional
amendment to make clear
and beyond challenge" these
fundamental points:
That this Nation and its
people shall continue to
acknowledge their faith in
God and permit the free and
voluntary participation in
prayer in our public schools. "
This unexampled and BIZ
partisan action by the Gov
errors Conference may or
may not be a direct express
sion Of q massive public anx-
iety, on ethical and Consti-
tutional grounds, at the
course taken by the court.
This columnist believes it to
be Just that. But even If this
proposition be rejected as
improved, certain other
things are beyond reasonable
question.
Decisive Influence
One is that the Governors
of this country are on the
whole still closer to the peo-
pie than any or all national
functionaries In Washington
The other is that the Cover
nors, more than any or al
other sets Of politicians, holc
the decisive influence both
in the national nominating
conventions Of both parties
and in the practical cam
paigning which so helps tx
determine which States q
where in the Presidential
elections.
Two additional realitiei
therefore follow. One Is tina
by a staggering majority TIN
Governors of this countr.
are, to say the least, alarmed
at the course taken by tn,
court or believe their peoplI
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-06
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Of distinguished persons
whom these statues memo
riaIize as well as to the pa
triotic persons and organi-
cations who donated them to
the city I think arrangements
should be made for periodic
cleaning and repair!
Ed Burke.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-06
A BOOK FOR TODAY
Moscow's Vaccinations AnoIyzed
By DONALD MINTZ

learn, as one does in this
case, that authorities are by
no means always in agree
ment about fairly important
details.
However interesting the
purely historical material may
be, most of us will turn to a
volume of this sort with the
hope of finding something of
a guide to current Soviet.
actions and an augury OF
future Soviet policy. This is.
a dangerous area, and 1t Is
precisely here that we find
consi derable disagreement
and caution. No one is fool
hardy enough to hazard a
firm answer to the old Ques-.
ton of which aspects Of
Soviet policy are continuous
with those Of CzariSt Russia
and which are not. 3
IN ANY CASE, one dismal
aspect of the Soviet approach
is unique to it. AS Prof,
Richard Pipes Of Harvard
puts 1t: ." The Soviet gov
eminent does not recognize
in theory, and recognizes
only grudgingly and provi-
sionally in practice. the inter-
national state system on
which traditional foreign
policy has always rested and
continues to rest in the West.
This state system acknowl-
edges the coexistence Of SOW
ereign states as a normal and
permanent condition. Com
munism, however. views the
sovereign state and the in
ternational system as transit
tional phenomena, connected
with the capitalist mode Of
production and destined to
disappear with It," !
And, as Prof. Cyril E.
Black of Princeton points
out in a somewhat different
context, For those who hold
such a view (the traditionaD
security interests (of a state)
represent no more than min
imum detectives Of q defen-
sive character"
But this view Is under
pressure from that very sue
cess OF communism which Is
making it increasingly diff
cult to equate the progress
of the system with that of
the Soviet Union. Perhaps
more important are the prob
lens referred to by AInbassa-
dor KEENAN,: &c. for the
first time in history, the
greatest dangers that darken
the horizon of all peoples,
the Russians included, are
not ones that arise from the
malevolence of individual
neighbors, not ones that
could conceivably be exor-
cized by military coercion or
the political overthrow of
individual governments, and
not ones that could be ap-
probably diminished by the
expansion of the frontiers or
the range of influence of any
single political authority; q. {. .
I am referring, of course, to
the twin problem Of the
nuclear explosive and over
population"
It is in the nature of
things that Russian Foreign
Policy" cannot tell us how
the cliff-hanger will come
out. But it can help us to
understand the plot. Small
comfort, perhaps, but it is
unrealistic to expect more.
Navajo times., 1962-08-29
Center PreschOOl
Begins 9th Year

The Gallup Cooperative Pre-
school will ring the opening bell
for its 8th season on Monday morn
ing, September 10. at $50 m.
according TO David Barber. As
sociation president. Teacher-su-
pervisor of the program will be
Mrs. Lowell Hughes, Barber an
nounced. Mrs. Hughes, a graduate
of Antioch College, has taught
kindergarten and day nursery in
New York and New Jersey. She is
the wife of Dr. Lowell Hughes Of
the Gallup US. P.H.S. Hospital, and
mother of 3 children.
AS in the past. the Gallup Pre-
school is open to any 4 or 5 year
old youngSter residing in the Gal
lup area on a firSt-come basis.
Enrolment is limited to 20 child
ren. Applic ations may be obtained
at any time from the Gallup Com
munity Center, 200 W. Maxwell
Ave. or directly from the teacher
on Registration Days, Wednesday
and Thursday mornings, Sept. S,
and 6 when parents will have an
opportunity to view the facilities.
Tuition costs are held to a mini
mum, Barber noted. because the
facilities are provided by the Cen
ter and bee ause the parents who are
able to do so, assist the teacher.
A rich and varied dprogram tail
ored to the needs of the pre-first
youngster is being planned, accord
ing to Mrs. Hughes, to include
stories, dramatics, rhythm, and
song, painting and handicrafts. ex-
cursions to points of interest,
creative play. nature study and
introduction to science, re aiding
readiness exercises for kinder
garten level) and special parties
and seasonal events. "Our entire
program is calculated to excite the
interest and enthusiasm of the pre-
schooler in the adventure of learn
ing" Mrs. Hughes explained.
Interested parents may call UN-
3-5611 for further Information
about the Gallup Preschool.
Navajo times., 1962-08-29

$62 million monthly. Another $14
million monthly went to 500, 600
dependents Of these workers.
Recent surveys have shown that
many disabled workers delayed
filing claims more than 18 months
after they became disabled because
they were unaware that cash dis
ability insurance benefits were
payable under social security. For
every month over 18that the work
er delays applying for disability
insurance benefits, he loses
months benefits.
If you are disabled now or be-
come seriously disabled in the
future, your local social security
office will assist you in the COM
pletion Of an apple and will
help you secure the medical eW-
denCe and other information to
support your claim. The office will
also advise you of your rights under
the law and inform you of any pos
sible benefits to which you and your
dependents may be entitled.
To avoid the loss of benefits,
you are urged to get in touch with
your local social security office
at once. Do not risk losing disa-
bility insurance benefits by failing
to file for them. They are not paid
automatically; you must apply for
them.
Navajo times., 1962-08-29
Unhappy Tourist
Protests Diesel
Fuel Controls

SANTA FE, NEW MEXICO--
Vernon A. Wiedrick, a Canadian
tourist passing through New Mex
leo recently in his Mercedes 19O-
D sports car Ia diesel fuel burner)
fired a complaint to Jack Lacy,
new director of the Department of
Development, stating that when he
entered New Mexico from Ell Paso
he desired to purchase few
gallons of diesel fuel to get him to
Gallup, and on into Arizona, but
was asked by the local retailer to
pay five dollar fee for issuance
of a special fuel oil permit.
Since Wiedrick's Mercedes
could burn nothing but diesel fuel,
he paid the five dollar fee for a
Navajo times., 1962-08-29
Grace Chambers Weds
Manuel PeshIukui

Grace Chambers became the
bride of Manuel Peshlakai in after
noon ceremonies held at the Epis-
copal Chapel of the Good Sheperd
at Fort Defiance on Sunday. August
10
The bride is the daughter of Mr..
and Mrs. Buck Chambers of Can
ado, and the groom is the son of
Mrs. Minnie Peshlakai of Parker
and Mike Peshlakai of Crystal,
New Mexico.
Approximately fifty friends and
relatives were on hand to witness
the exchange of vows.
The newlywed couple will make
their home in Parker, where Man.
uel works as an operator on heavy
duty equipment
Navajo times., 1962-08-29
Social Security
Offers Disability
Pawn emf Benefits

Can you afford to lose upto $254
a month? Not knowing your rights
under the Social Security Act can
cost you that much in social Sc
curity benefit payments. This is
money that you will need for the
necessit of life if you, the family
breadwinner, suddenly find your
self to be too disabled to work
Furthermore, it is money towards
which you have contributed by
paying social security taxes onyour
earnings while you worked. Your
employer also contributed an equal
amount in social security taxes.
July 1862, marked the fifth
anniversary of the payment of cash
disability insurance benefits under
the provisions of the Social Sc
curity Act. Now, five years later,
1000 disabled workers were
receiving benefits totalling about