davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1962-07-06
Tribal strife threatens stability
of newly Independent Burundi, Rwanda

also stayed out of strictly
political matters. Not even
the Christian Democratic
party can claim the special
support OF Catholics, who lead
all the other parties as we'll,
except the Moslem one.
But last April, Bishop
Michel Ntuyahaga of Usum-
bura denounced the murders,
banditry and false rumors
preceding independence. In a
radio address, the Bishop
pointed out that 'there are
men who use politics to serve
their personal hatred" and
declared: "These men sin
through calumny and murder,
and endanger the lives of
innocent people whom they
deceive and carry away"
Bishop Ntuyahaga spoke
against the background of the
murder of four members of
a Christian trade union. They
were repeatedly killed in re-
taliation for the assassination
of Prince Louis Rwagasore,
Prime Minister Of Burundi
and son of Mwami Mambutsa.
The murders of the four
Christian trade unionists were
attributed by some to mem
bers of the Uprano party,
which represents the ruling
class of Burundi. Christian
trade unionists have aroused
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1962-07-06
Eastern rite Mass can
be memorable experience

particular church is truly Ca.
tholic it is best to consult
your pastor before attending.
For many of the faithful
it is a memorable experience
TO assist at a Mass of the Or
iental rite, and to receive
Holy Communion under both
species. In doing so a great
appreciation is derived Of the
unity and diversity of the
Church. In taking advantage
of this opportunity a better
understanding will be achiev-
cd of the meaning of univer-
salty within the the true fold.
In witnessing a Divine Lit
urgy Of an Eastern rite a new
vista of the equality and
catholicity Of all rites of the
Catholic Church will be real
lied. 1t is a privilege which
every Catholic can and should
use in order TO increase his
knowledge of the Catholic
faith.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1962-07-06
Fr. EDWARD ZAVELL

One OF the most fire.
quent questions asked by
interested Catholic lay
men is "Can a member Of
the Latin or Roman Rite
assist at Mass of the Byzan-
tine Rite or for that matter of
any Of the Eastern Catholic
rites?" The answer of course,
is, yes, you can attend.
AS IT HAS BEEN an &C,
cepted practice for an East
ern Catholic to attend the
Mass and 90 TO confession and
to receive Holy Communion
in a Latin Rite Catholic
Church, so too a Catholic Of
the Latin Rite can fulfill his
Sunday obligation by attend
ing the Mass or Divine Lit
urgy Gas il is sometimes deslg-
mated in the East) of any rite
of the Catholic Church. He can
also 90 to confession and re-
Ceive Holy Communion in that
same rite.
II Is the wish Of the Holy
Father that Catholics should
acqualnt themselves with the
various rites of the Catholic
Church. Therefore, they are
To get the most in effic-
iency and safety out of your
car, says the Columbus Auto
Club, remember to think be-
fore you drive-and while you
drive. Your car if you keep
it in good mechanical condi-
ton, will do what you ask il
TO do. But it is UP to the indi.
vidual driver TO make the
proper decision at the proper
time. You have to supply the
brainpower TO 90 with your
cars horsepower.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1962-07-06
USUMBURA. B undi

d INA, VI uIlul
-(NC)-TWo of Africa's
most Catholic States-one
of them this continents
only free nation with a
Catholic majority-have join
ed the growing ranks of in
dependent African countries.
They are the Kingdom of
Burundi, where independence
on July l was marked with
a solemn Mass, and the neigh
boring Republic of Rwanda
to the north, which has one
of the worlds fastest growing
Catholic populations.
BUT THE future looks
gloomy for both new nations,
and many observers here fear
a repetition of the violence
that followed the granting of
freedom to their neighbor,
the Congo, two years ago.
Burundi and Rwanda are
each the victims of bitter tri-
bal strife, political struggles
and economic instability caus-
ed by initiation and meager
resources.
Earlier this year Catholic
Relief Services - National
Catholic Welfare Conference
had to bring in tons Of food
stuffs to avert famine in parts
of Burundi. In addition, some
5000 Of the 1900 European
administrators and techni-
clans who helped to run the
countries prior to freedom
were estimated to have left
by independence day.
The new central African ma
tons we're formerly joined
together under the United
Nations trust territory of
Ruanda.U rundi, administered
by Belgium. Before World
War |, the two were ruled by
Germany.
independence came after
the U.N. General Assembly
voted SO to 0 to grant the
countries freedom separately.
The two nations are about
equal in size and population.
Each is approximately the
size Of Maryland and has
some $500, 900 people.
THE FIRST European did
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1962-07-06

encouraged TO learn more
about the Eastern Catholic
Rites, to visit such churches,
and if possible to attend the
Divine Liturgy.
Care must be taken to make
sure the church is a Catholic
one. II, in the name of the
church, the word Orthodox or
Independent or National is
used then it is not a Catholic
Church. Moreover, if these
terms are used in conjunction
with the word Catholic, then
likewise it is not a church Of
the Catholic faith. Examples
of names of non.Catholie
churches observed in various
cities include "St. George
Greek Orthodox Catholic
church" or est. Nicho-
las Independent Catholic
Church." or "St. Stephen Ma
tional Catholic Church Such
churches are not in commun-
ion with Rome.
BUT CHURCHES designat-
ing a certain rite or racial
group are usually of the Cath
Ollie faith if the terms men
toned above are lacking.
Whenever a church is speci-
fled as Hungarian Catholic or
Ukrainian Catholic, Byzantine,
Catholic or Greek Catholic
then il is almost without ex-
ception a Catholic church. If
there is still doubt whether a
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1962-07-06

the UN.
Efforts by Catholic authori-
ties to keep Rwanda'S tribal
strife from affecting the
Church have been only part
ly successful, mainly among
the Bahutu.
AS the ruling class, the
Batutsi reaped most of the
benefits Of the early educa-
tional efforts of the Church
and still make up a large
majority of the Rwanda
clergy. Missioners note that it
is a sign of the depth of the
Bahutu's faith that they con-
tinue to accept the authority
of the Batutsi clergy, while
fighting their former rulers
in all fields save religion.
The Batutsi priests have re-
sisted the temptation to use
their position to the advant-
age Of their acknowledgment
and remain loyal to Church
authorities.
Many Batutsi laymen, how
ever, are bitter about the re-
cent turn of events and tend
to blame the Church for it.
The Church is held respon-
sible for the end of BatUtsi
feudal rule and the rise of
Bahutu influence because it
was the first to raise its voice
to champion the oppressed,
proclaim the laws of justice
and preach racial equality.
In Burundi, development
toward freedom has come a
little more peacefully in the
absence of tribal conflict.
Tribal strife is less because
of widespread intermarriage,
which is a rarity in Rwanda.
In Burundi, tradition even
compelS its Batutsi kings to
marry a Bahutu wife.
THE CHURCH there has
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1962-07-06

directly through the Batutsi
chiefs, headed by the myami
(king).
The advances of recent
years, particularly the educa-
tional progress brought by the
missionaries, made the Ba-
hutu increasingly aware of
their plight and eager to es-
cape it. One result has been
OutburSts Of violence, which
seriously shook the power of
Batutsi. About 100000 of
them have gone into exile in
neighboring countries.
Another result was the or
ganization Of political parties,
most of whose leaders are
Catholics, to achieve peace
fully the Bahutu goals of
greater equality and free
dem. One of these parties,
the Movement for the
Emancipation of the Hutu
PARM E won an
overwhelming victory in the
July, 1860, elections of local
officials to replace the Batutsi
chieftains who had previously
run village affairs.
Many PARMEHUTU leaders
were given posts in the pro-
vlsional government the Bel
gians set up last fall to pre-
pare for independence.
VIRTUALLY ALL the lead
ers of the short-lived Bahutu-
controlled government we're
practicing Catholics who in
corporated their religious be-
liefs into the constitution
they drew up. Church mar
riages were recognized, and
divorce and polygamy were
outlaWed.
Last August, the Belgian
authorities had to discharge
the PARMEHUTU-d
regime after the failure of
efforts to include all RYAN
da's parties in the govern
ment. The inclusion of all
parties in preparation for
elections was demanded by
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1962-07-06

not reach this area until 1896
and mission efforts were not
begun until this century. Slow
at first, the growth of the
Church has been especially
swift in the past quarter cen
fury. Today conversions are
so numerous-Baptisms total
well over 1000 a month -
that there is a priest shortage
despite the fact that native
vacations are plentiful.
More than half of Burundi's
people are Catholics. Baptiz-
ed Catholics now number l.
327, 000-an increase of about
a million in the past 25 years
and there are 1853, 900 per-
sons taking Instructions prior
to Baptism. There are $4,000
Protestants, 10000 Moslems
and the rest Of the people are
pagans.
Rwanda has 655, 900 Catho-
lies and 266 900 catechumens.
1t also has 139, 900 Protestants
and 10000 MoSlems.
Each new nation has an
archdiocese and three do
ceses. Three of Rwanda's Sees
are headed by native bishops,
as are two of Burundi's. The
former has 1T African
priests and the latter 81.
MISSION PROGRESS is not
likely to be set back by indie
p%endence, observers here be-
lieve, unless the feared out
break of violence becomes a
reality. AS long as three years
ago, the Bishops of Rwanda
themselves called for indie
pendence based on the prin-
ciples of religion and social
justice, and none of the politi.
cal parties in either country
has voiced open hostility to-
ward the Church.
Although the Church has
remained aloof from the poll
teal struggle leading to indie
pendence, it has inevitably
been affected by it in nations
with so large a proportion
Of Catholics and in whose de-
yelopment it has played so
large a part.
In Rwanda that struggle has
been intertribal and violent;
in Burundi it has been based
mainly on family loyalties
and remained somewhat less
turbulent.
Tribal conflict in Rwanda
broke out in 1859 into wide
spread rioting and pillage,
which was condemned by
RWanda's Bishops in a pas
toral letter denouncing all
manifestations of hatred and
vengeance and calling for an
end to tribal anim0sities. In
August, 1861, Archbishop An
Dire P%erraudin, WIZ, of Kab-
agyi called for an end to re-
neWed violence. and last
Easter a joint pastoral by
Rwand as Bishops declared
that "all who organize arm
ed attacks are criminals"
RWANDA's PEOPLE are
divided among three tribes:
the Batutsi aristocrats, a race
OF giants, many of whom are
seven feet tall; the average
size Bahutu peasants and a
small group of pygmy no
MAIDS.
The Batutsi came here from
Ethiopia in about the 18th
century and established a
feudal regime that virtually
enslaved the Bahutu, who
make up close TO IS per cent
Of the population. Germany.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1962-07-06

the antagonism of some seq
ments of this party, which
apparently fear that the
unionists' emphasis on social
justice may weaken the hold
of the ruling classes.
Bishop Ntuyahaga is a
member of the Batutsi tribe,
mainstay of the Uprona party.
Missioners in Burundi have
expressed fears that some
party leaders, even though
they are mostly Catholics, are
being misled by communist
propaganda or are trying to
use communism as a means
of self-adVancement.
, 1962-05-12
First Clinic Under
geological Program
Set for MoY Is

The Public Health Services Of
the Health Department will con-
duct the first clinic under It's new
geological Screening Program on
Friday May 18th, The cline zllc..
is free, is for all women who are
Is years or over, o., who have had
a child.
Women who fall within these
groups are invited to attend the
clinics where they can get a fest
to help make sure they don't have
cancer Of the cervix. The proce-
dure will include a pelvic exam
nation and the use of the Pap
Smear Test.
The Pap test is a quick, painless.
simple procedure by which cancer
or other poor health conditions of
the cervix can be found early-the
time when the chances of cure are
very good.
In ST. Thomas, the first clinic
will be held on Friday, May 18th,
and on every 1st and 3rd Friday
thereafter from 81 in the morn
ing and from "A in the afternoon
Appointments for the service IN
St. Thomas should be made by
calling the Public Health Services
Of the Health Department at 79l
In st. Croix, the last geological
Cancer Screening clinic will be
held on Friday, May 25th, and on
every End and 18th Friday there
after, from 9-12 and from "a.
In st. Croix appointments should
be made by calling the Public
Health Administrative Assistant at
go ).
The Health Department is urg-
ing all women to use this oppor-
tunity to help themselves in the
fight against cancer.
, 1962-05-12

courses such as music and art; "a
Improvement of recreation areas:
~ Purchase Of adequate libraries
these are on order); 6) Limita-
ton of holidays SO that the school
year contains the required number
Of days; I'd The regular publica-
ton Of school newspapers and year
books; (8l Encouragement of re-
search and additional professional
education for teachers.
The Board established 8 stand
ing subcommittee:
/. Buildings, Grounds, Mainten-
ance, including new construc
ton
2. REORGANIZATION, certi-
1cation, training, leave
3 Scholarships, loans and grants
4 Budget
5. Curriculum
s. Health, Recreation, Guidance &
Discipline
4. Accreditation
s. Other educational systems--pri-
vate, ~parochial, adult education
and vocational education
g. Liaison with legislature.
, 1962-05-12
Severed Citizens Of
P r. Come Here For
Wedding Ceremony

Ceveral residents of Puerto Rico
visited here several days ago, some
for the first time, to attend the
wedding of Deanna Mercado and
Clyde Farrelly.
They are: Luis Mercado, uncle Of
the bride; her aunts, Mrs. Esperan-
"a Rivera and Lolita Cuevas; her
cousins Monserrate Guzman and
Lydia Guzman, Carmen Gloria AL
zuiri; Mr. and Mrs. Mano1in Cuevas
Leticia Santos. and Mercedes Ri
vera. Miss Rivera is a beautician.
All said they enjoyed their visit
to st. Croix and will return at
every opportunity possible.
, 1962-05-12
Grinding Season for
Sucur Cone to End
Announces

The Virgin Islands Corporation
has announced that the 1862 sugar
cane grinding season will end late
in May.
Sugarcane growers has been no.
tilted that can will be received
through May 18th.
, 1962-05-12

60 and Ruandi- Urandi. Their work
is varied as the people to whom
the minister: Nurseries, kinder
gartens, schools and colleges. dis
pensaries, hospitals, ophanages, le-
p~rosaria, and social service. They
number over 1900 Sisters Of all
races, spread over four continents.
, 1962-05-12
ST Croix Citizens Assn.
To Meet Next TuesduY

The St. Croix Citizens Associa-
ton will hold a public meeting on
Tuesday, May is at the Claude o.
Markoe School in Frederiksted at
8 PM, it was announced by Mrs.
Nora Amritt President.
Purpose Of the meeting will be
for a discussion of the new Real
Estate Property Taxes.
Everyone is invited to attend.
, 1962-05-12


The Board met with the
teachers of ST. Croix in an
informal evening gathering
at the Christiansted High
School on Wednesday, and
on Thursday made an IN
spection tour of the schools
in Christiansted. The Board
members who participated
were: Mrs. Eldra Shutter
brandt, Chairman, Mrs. vi
Wan Anduze, Mrs. Rachael
Colby, Herman Wouk, and
Rev. David Bratsch.
The following actions
were taken by the Board at
its meeting:
Five teachers were grant
ed leave without pay in or
der to pursue graduate ed
ucation: Manuelita Robes,
Jean D. Larsen, Joseph Fer
gus, Elizabeth Jaeger, and
Roy Sewer.
Twenty-three applications were
granted for scholarship aid on the
basis of need, to attend courses at
Catholic University Extension
Branch in st. Croix: Dolores
Abramson, Lorna A1lick, Vertilee
Bailey, Maria Centeno, Olivia Cruz
Eva FQIDSS, JOoS 6d1S1o,
lGarvey, Joyce Harris, Ada James,
Olive Klyvert, Patrick Lucas, JUS
tho Navarro, Jessica Nelson, Eu-
genio Rodriguez, Cephus Rogers,
Melvin Romney, Penelope Turn,
Sister Van Langendonck, Sister
M. /. Van Gestel, Henrique Wal
colt.
Miss Jane Tuitt, Assistant Com
missioner of Education, presented
a progress report on accreditation
Of the high schools by the Middle
States Association of Colleges and
Secondary Schools. The following
gaps remain to be closed in order
to achieve accredited status: Cd.
Reduction of class sizes to not
more than 80 pupils per teachers
(2) Preparation of curriculum out
lines and guides in each depart
ment; ~ Introduction of cultural
, 1962-05-12
CoroIYn Lee Leeds in
Miss Cdribbeun Of
1862 Contest

Carolyn Lee is currently in first
place in the race for Miss Ca
ribbean" Of 1862, sponsored by the
United Caribbean Youth. The win
ner Of this title will be the lucky
Miss who has sold the most votes
il a popularity contest, and will
be crowned during the United Ca
ribbean Youths Firt Annual Ca
ribbean Spring Festival on Satur-
day night, May 90, in the grand
Ballroom of the Roosevelt Hotelin
New York City.
"A resident of the Bronx, Miss
Lee, a granddaughter of Mr.. and
Mrs. Joseph Gibbons, native Of
Frederiksted, is in her first year
at Bronx Community College. Her
ambition is to be a social worker.
She is very active in the Girl
Scouts, holding many offices in her
troup, until she reached the age
limit. Her hobbies are reading and
painting. In addition to Miss Lee
there are IT contestants: Wilma Bel
lot, Joan Clarke, Philomena Gar
roway, Jeanette Greaux of the
Bronx; Beryl Danielson, Kathleen
Dottin, Joan Johnson, Article
Moorehead of Manhattan; Hughlus
Didier, Cinthy Dove Of Brooklyn;
Catherine and Hattie Florant,
Christine Hope, Maureen CBryan,
Andrea and Thelma Warner Of
Queens.
Both the contest and the Festi-
val are Embarrassing events given
by the United Caribbean Youth
for the benefit Of the Missionary
Sisters of St. Augustine.
The. United Caribbean Youth IS
an organization established in
New York City for the purpose of
bringing together the people from
the Caribbean area, residing there,
and their fellow-citizens Of the
United States. In order to accom-
plish a closer relationship and bet
ter understanding, the association
sponsors and promotes various So
cial and other activities.
It pays tribute and assists finan-
cially the Missionary Sisters of ST.
Augustine through whose long and
unselfish labors the Caribbean
Youth has received many educa-
tional and other benefits.
The Sisters of st. Augustine are
Roman Catholic Nuns especially
dedicated to foreign missions.
They have houses in several of the
United States, in the Caribbean Is
lands of st. Kits, Montserrat, An
tigua, Dominica, and the U. S.
Virgin Islands, in the Philippines,
India. Hong Kong. Formosa, Con-
, 1962-05-12
BOARD OF EDUCATION GRANTS
SCHOLARSHIPS TO AID % TEACHERS

The Board Of Education had its May meeting in
Government House on st. Croix, on Wednesday, May
9th, after an inspection tour Of the schools of Frederik-
ctod
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-10

ship from the left. Turmoil and
authoritarian atmosphere of a
military take-over create per-
feet breeding ground for covert
Communist infiltration of the
civilian opposition. Energy es-
sential for drastic reform is
diverted into endless intrigue.
The result is permanent in
stability which Squelches the
growth of democracy.
IF the military moves
against the constitutionally-
elected President of Peru, our
well-informed official here.
But he and others are not quite
sure what that swift" action
will be.
The most drastic retaliatory
step would be United States re-
fusal to recognize any "uncon-
stitutional' government in
Peru. Officials stress that this
action would not be taken
lightly, for a break in diplo-
matte relations has a stamp of
finality not easily removed.
Near Gripping Blow
Such a break would natur-
ally carry with it a second kind
of neutrality-suspicious. of
United States aid under the
Alliance for Progress. This
would deal a near-crippling
blow TO all current Peruvian
plans for bringing the country
out of the feudalism in which
it has languished for centuries.
In the first year of the AL
lance for Progress alone, Peru
received $66 million in loans
and grants, and much more
is in sight.
A third form of retaliation
under consideration is a hemis-
pheric foreign ministers con-
ference to condemn collectively
the action of the Peruvian mil
itary. Venezuelan President
Betancourt and Colombian
President Alberto LleraS Ca
MARCO are reported to have
agreed on such a course several
months ago.
In the interim their two
governments - plus Brazil :
have all made unofficial APP
peals to the Peruvian military
to abide by the election results.
If they do not, and a foreign
ministers conference should be
called. officials here admit the
most it could achieve would be
moral" pressure on Peru.
But officials here are eau
tiously optimistic that all these
lpressures and warnings have
had their desired effect on the
Peruvian military. They have
their fingers crossed that to-
days election will signal a ma
jor turning point in the strug-
gle for constitutional govern
. Iment in Latin America.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-10


Peruvian military establish
ment will accept the outcome.
But the problem extends far
beyond the borders of Peru.
Ever since the Argentine mill
tary overthrow President Ar
turo Frondizi last March, mil
itary rumblings against consti-
tutional order have spread
throughout the continent.
Clings to Power
In Ecuador military dicta-
torship was averted only when
President Carlos Arosemena
Monroy responded to military
demands to break with Castro
Cuba and Communist Poland
and Czechoslovakia. In Vene-
Zuela, where the bulk of the
armed forces remain loyal to
the government, President Ro-
mulo Betancourt has had to
put down two bloody revoltS
in the marines in the past
month.
The tremors extend into
Central America, where Guate-
malan President Miguel Ydi-
goraS FuenteS barely clingS to
power with support of the mill
tary. If that support wavers,
the Guatemalan President is
certain to fall before the civil
ian opposition almost totally
united against him.
For all these reasons the
United States is exerting every
possible pressure to prevent
Peru from becoming the next
link in the chain reaction of
military revolt.
Officials here believe the
greatest impact outside Peru
would be in Venezuela. There
the Communists are fighting a
war of attrition" against Presi-
dent Betancourt aimed at de-
stroying his strength in the
weary Venezuelan military. A
coup d'etat in Peru would be a
great incentive for Venezuelan
officers to follow suit and lend"
all the civilian squabbles which
plague the country with con-
slant bloodshed.
Five years ago, when die
tators in Colombia and Vene-
zuela we're overthrow almost
simultaneously, the trend was
away from military dictator
Ship" a worried official here
explained. Nov we are not SO
sure"
The crisis is acute for the
Alliance for Progress. The Ken
nedy administration has
pledged $40 billion aid over a
decade to stimulate economic
and social reform in Latir
America. But the premise il
that these reforms occur within
the democratic framework.
Policy-makers here fear tina
dictatorship from the right car
only open the gates to dictator,