davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1962-11-30

Negro slaves than Virginia be-
cause their traders participated
in the slave trade from the be-
ginning. but slavery was not eco
nomically feasible in Massachu-
sets. There was no prejudice
against slavery, and some slaves
were there but neither the
farmer nor the fisherman nor
the shipmaster nor the ship
builder could use the unskilled
Negro accustomed to a tropical
cline. And this fact tended to
make the social fabric sound: it
was this which made society
democratic.
Not that New England had NO
class distinctions because even
in a democratic society there
are such. But the basis of the
class distinctions was differen,
from that in the South. In New
England the top class, the so
called aristocracy, consisted Of
the merchant who gained wealth
and influence through the very
important role he played in the
economic structure of society
and it included the Puritan
clergy be cause the Puritan
church was of the very fibre Of
New England life. Thus in Vir
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1962-11-30

scarce. Farming in New Eng
land re quire d diligence and
care, the kind Of care which only
the owner himself could give. In
addition. the system Of settle
ment was very different. In New
England it worked along with
the church which was all impor-
tant in the Puritan society in
holding community together,
rather than dispensing them
throughout the entire region as
in Virginia-township VS. county.
The township system influ-
enced political life the set
tiers; gathered in compact COM
munities, could meet together to
determine local affairs-this was
not possible in Virginia. Also it
influenced the development Of
education children Of a town
could attend a local school; in
Virginia the population was too
scattered to make such an instetu-
ton feasible. Also the deep re-
igious convictions of the New
Englanders required an educa-
tional system for it was neces-
airy for goodness that everyone
learn to read the Bible.
Towns Self Reliant
Because there was not COM
plete dependence upon imported
manufactured articles, thus not
the strong commercial ties with
the mother country, the New
England town strove to attain
: some degree of economic indie
pendence and imported nothing
which it could make for itself.
The village S h 0 e m k e r, the
blacksmith, the carpenter, the
miller, the weaver, the mason,
etc. played important parts in
the economy Of the little COM
munity.
Thus the economic life of 18th
century New England was di-
versified which added strength
to the economic system and
made for a wholesome society.
And it remained this way be-
cause New England did not fall
prey to the disastrous conse-
quences of slavery as did the
yeomen in 18th century Virginia.
In all the various pursuits we
have mentioned, the fundamen-
tai need was for skilled, not I'M
skilled labor In the tobacco
fields of the South, the African
slave answered every require
ment; in New England he was
unfit for any except few unes-
Sential jobs. Massachusetts, had
a better opportunity to secure
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1962-11-30

was the foundation Of the eco
nomic life Of the tobacco colo
MES for almost a century. The
fact that the term Of service for
fndentured immigrants was short
and that it was expensive were
of utmost importance to the eco
nomic and social life. It meant
that there never could be built
up a large supply Of labor, and
that kept the plantations small.
It was also reflected in the so
cial life - there was a strong
yeoman or middle class which
tended to make society. socially
and politically, democratic.
But this situation was to be
changed in the 18th century. AS
the 18th century drew to a close,
England at last began to share
in the slave trade. During the
first decade of the 18th century
more slaves were imported into
Virginia than during the entire
18th century by 1870 these
slaves constituted one-fourth of
the total population of Virginia.
Thus it was inevitable that slav-
cry would affect the entire So
cial, political and economic fab
ric Of Virginia. To some, the
presence of so many slaves
meant poverty and obscurity, to
others riches, prominence and
power. Those Virginians who
were unable to compete with the
institution of cheap labor, fell
into despair at home or fled to
frontier regions in hope of es-
cape; the small farmer, the
yeomen who had been prosper
GUS and powerful in the demo-
cratic society of the 18th CEN
fury. now lost their position of
eminence to the new group of
wealthy planters who gathered
unto themselves the leadership
Of the colony. The yeomen were
still numerous but now they
looked to the aristocracy for
leadership in both political and
| economic me ftorc
Golden Age of Virginia
And it was now that there de-
veloped the sophisticated planta-
ton society, the rise of the arts
tocracy of this new Age. the
Golden Age of Virginian civiliza-
ton. Now that the labor prob
lem was solved the economic
advantages lay on the side of
large-scale production; estates
increased in size; by 1744 Will
liam Byrd of Westover had &C
cumulated 10000 acres. 1t was
this, the vast fields of tobacco
manned by horde S of slaves
which provided the basis of the
brilliant civilization of the 18th
century planter-aristocracy. This
group of aristocratS was small
in number but very powerful;
wealth. education and political
supremacy marked its members
and through them society &C
Quired an aristocratic color.
With the large income result
ing from the sale of his crop the
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1962-11-30

The November meeting Of the
Judith Randolph Chapter. OAR.
was held at the home of Mrs.
Graves H. Thompson at Hamp-
den-Sydney with Mrs. Horace
Adams, regent. presiding.
Preceding the business meet
ing DR.. willard F. Bliss. profeS-
sor of History at Hampden-Syd-
ney College, was introduced by
Mrs. Edwin p. Lancaster. DR..
Blfes reviewed the book THE
Golden Age of Colonial Culture, !"
by DR.. Thomas jefferson Wer-
tenbaker, the foremost authority
or colonial civilization.
DR.. Bliss. who was a student
in DIR. Wertenbaker's classes at
Princeton University, gave a re
view of the book which was
necessarily limited because of the
time element. It will be remem-
bered that DIR. Wertenbaker was
visiting professor at Hampden-
Sydney several years ago, and
this fact contributed to the in
terest of the m m b e RS and
guests.
His review follows:
Professor Wertenbaker states
in the introduction to his book.
1.-The Golden Age of Colonial
Culture" that that age comedies
with the 18th century, especially
in the decades just preceding
the Revolution. It was then that
colonial culture, crude in the
18th century. reached its full
growth. And this Golden Age
was centered not in the Pied
mont or the Appalachian val
leys, but in the older commune
ties of the East. Thus this par
ticular work of his consists of a
portrayal of the cultural life of
the six large centers Of the east
ern seaboard or tidewater:: Bos-
ton. New York, Philadelphia,
Annapolis. Williamsburg, an d
Charleston. Thus. it is clear that
it is a difficult task to give a
brief and adequate review of
such book.
But, also in the Introduction
he gives us the basis for making
a comparison namely, that
culture in the col onies was
shaped by four major factors
foreign inheritance, local con-
ditions. continued contact with
Europe, and the melting pot.
And l am going to attempt to
show how these various factors
produced different civilizations
in America: specifically to make
a comparison or contrast be-
tween Virginia and Massachu-
sets. not just Boston and Will
liamSburg.
The settlers in Virginia soon
discovered that their soil was
peculiarly suited for the cultiva-
ton of tobacco. At first the ma
tive leaf was considered rather
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1962-11-30
The Golden AgeO Colonial Culture
ReUielued By DR.. Bliss AtDAR Meet

| unpalatable in comparison with
/ that of the Spanish West Indies
but in 1912 Capt. John Rolfe, by
setting out a small crop and cur
ing it according to the best
| methods. produced a tobacco
which Englishmen considered as
"strorg, sweet and pleasant as
any under the sum-" And so the
colonists turned to the cultiva-
ton Of that plant, almost to the
exclusion of all else despite Of
fetal efforts to diversity the
economy. Thus it was inevitable
that tobacco should prove of
prime Importance in molding the
economic and social life of Vir-
ginia.
Cheap Labor Needed
The greatest need of the to-
/ bacco colonies was for cheap
labor. Tobacco require not
skilled hands, but many hands.
With land to be had for the ask
ing, the only impeachment to the
rapid accumulation of wealth
was the difficulty of securing
adequate help in the tobacco
fields. Had the English during
, the early years of the 18th cen
fury shared in the African slave
trade. there can be little doubt
that Virg inia and Maryland
would have been from the first
swarming with black workers.
and the entire region divided up
into large estates. But Cue to
non-English monopoly of the
slave trade. slaves in large num-
bers were not to be had. Al
though the first Negro slaves to
set foot in English speaking
America were landed at James
town in 16l9, for 100 years the
number of Negroes was insig-
nificant. So the labor problem
had to be solved in some other
way.
Naturally the planters turned
their eyes to the poor and unem-
ployed of the mother country.
But it was no easy means to
transport thousands of laborers
from England to the planters on
the James and the Potomac. The
fare was far beyong the means
of the poor English laborer I'M
less some scheme were devised
to advance him credit. This
scheme took the form of inden-
tlre. The planters and their
agents agreed to pay the imni-
grants passage to America. and
he il turn bound himself to
make good the sum by working
after reaching the colony-usu.
ally four or five years. OF course
he had to surrender his liberty
for this period but when his
service was completed he found
himself a free man in new
country where land was cheap
and awges were high.
This system of immigration
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1962-11-30

with us today.
New England Life Different
Massachusetts, New Eng
land generally - was very much
different due to the religious
motives Of the founding fathers
and local conditions: soil, eli
mate. natural resources. The
soil of New England could not
grow tobacco or any other staple
crop to be exchanged for manu-
featured goods, and although a
surplus was produced in agricul-
tural crops it was not enough to
balance the necessary imports.
Therefore it was necessary for a
part Of the colonists to lay aside
the hoe and pillow and turn to
other iveihoods: the sea. The
countless cod and herring which
used for feeding grounds the icy
waters from Massachusetts, to
Newfoundland became an almost
inexhaustible source of wealth
to New England. The cod be-
came the symbol of Massachu-
sets; the cape which curls out
into the Atlantic bears its name
and very familiar is the old
couplet:
I'm the land of the bean and cod
The Lowells speak only to Cabots,
and the Cabots speak only to
God"
Modern version by Phyllis Nc
Ginley:
And here is dear old Boston,
The home of the family tree,
Where the Cabots converse with
the Kennedys
And the Kennedys talk on TV."D
BY 1864 more than 1900 boats
were engaged in fishing, and the
export trade of dried fish was of
prime Importance. And for these
activities the New Englanders
built their own ships; ship
building became a vital industry
and the merchant of the export
trade became an indispensable
part of New England society.
Agriculture in New England
was very different from that in
the plantation colonies. In New
England agriculture was inten-
sive rather than extensive. The
New England farmer expended
a great deal of labor upon his
small parcel of land; he had to
make his hard work compensate
for the meagre quality of the
soil and the shortness of the
summers. There was nothing in
New England comparable to the
wasteful system of agriculture
used in Virginia. Good land was
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1962-11-30

large tobacco planter was able
to reproduce, Is closely as local
conditions permitted. the pattern
Of successful English life. And
the ties between Virginia and
England were bolstered by COM
mercial intercourse. for Virginia
sold her tobacco in English mar
kets. Their clothes, furniture,
carriages, books came from
England; the shops were filled
with English goods and patterns.
They hunted the fox with hounds
as in England. The Church of
England. t h gu g h considerably
changed by the large parishes
and the scattered population of
the colony local conditions),
was the established church of
Virginia. Local officials, such as
the justice Of the peace, were
patterned after those in England.
This is true also in the mat
ters Of formal gard ems and
architecture. The 18th century
Virginia cottage was an East
Anglican house modified by local
conditions - climate, building
materials. etc. When Renais-
sance architecture. under the
leadership of Sir Christopher
Wren became the vogue in Eng
land, it was inevitable that it
would spread to the Chesapeake
Bay region. The Wren Building
at William and Mary, the Capt.
tol Building and the Palace in
Williamsburg. definitely COM
mitted Virginia to the new style
which came to be known as
Georgian because Of its populari-
ty in England during the reign
of the three Georges, and the
wealthy planters followed suit
with such beautiful Georgian
residences as Westover. Carter's
Grove, Brandon, and others.
The new wealth of the large
planter, together with his desire
to emulate the standards of the
British aristocracy. led him to
indulge more freely than ever
before in the arts, the pastimes
and tie learning Of the cultured.
His entrance into a life of afflu-
ence was manifested by his fine
dress, his stately mansion with
its elegant furnishings and elab-
crate formal gardens. Accompa-
nying this magnificence was a
lavish hospitality = the result of
wealth and isolation. the latter
the result of the plantation type
of settlement.
The lives of those outside this
favored circle were in great con
trast. The power, the place, they
had held in the 18th century was
gone: once they accepted the in
stitution of slavery they also &C
cepted the large planter and
Shareholder as their superior and
their ruler.
Thus slavery produced not
only highly polished civiliza-
ton = the Golden Age - in Vir-
ginia but it also brought poverty
and wretchedness and it also
created a problem which is still
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1962-11-30

BEFORE DECEMBER LIST, switch from clothes
line drying to Electric Drying. or replace your
non.eIectric dryer with modern, automatic
electric model, in your home, rented house or
separately metered apartment. Get any make
or model Electric Dryer or Washer Dryer from
your Authorized Live Better Electrically Appli-
arce Dealer. Have it installed now, in accord.
ance with VEPCO's offer, and VEPCO will pay
SIS Of actual installation cost. Call vEPCO for
an Authorized Dealer near you and ask him
tor details on this SIS installation saving.
Milford chronicle., 1962-07-27
Did Your Peonies
Bloom This Yeur?

Several people are concerned be-
cause their peonies did not bloom
this year, according to Ed Ralph,
associate county agent. This trou-
BILE has been noticed by home own
ers with one or two plants, as we'll
as commercial growers.
There are several conditions
which can cause pe6nies not o
bloom. Some are caused by diseases
while others are not. All of these
causes can be controlled if h e
proper practices are followed.
Botrytis blight is the most COM
mon disease of garden peonies.
When the new shoots are about 1
foot long, they wilt suddenly and
fall over. A brown or blackish rot
can be seen at the base of h e
stem. A gray mold usually develops
just above the ground line.
Small buds that are attacked by
this blight turn brown and wither.
Leaf-blight usually occurs a little
after the blooming season.
Control of this disease can start
now by removing the infected
stems and leaves and destroying
Milford chronicle., 1962-07-27
HARRINGTON
Mrs. Gary X. Smith
Phone Harrington 39S-803S

Miss Gail Melvin was entertained
at dinner and overnight Friday, by
Miss Virginia 10 Richardson.
Mr.. and Mrs. Carl Goetz and
sons returned home on Sunday,
after spending weeks vacation
in New York.
Miss Emma Richards of Sails
bury was the weekend guest of her
brother-in-law, Jack Pitlick and
daughter Sally.
Mr.. and Mrs. Charles Moore and
children of Wilmington were the
Sunday guests of Mr.. and Mrs.
Paul Grant.
of Third Street moved this week
to Ridgley,' Md, where they will
make their home temporarily.
Nina Jean Collins of Wilmington
is the guest this week of her
cousin, Miss Jean Graham.
John Farrel jackson of Whining
ton was the guest for a few days
this week with his aunt and uncle,
MIR. and Mrs. Tharp Harrington.
Mr. and Mrs. Granville Goslee of
Georgetown were the guests, on
Sunday, of Mr.. and Mrs. r. Harry
Quillen.
Mr.. and Mrs. David Martin spent
last week in Cape Charles, Vir-
ginia visiting with friends.
Mr.. and Mrs. William Evans of
Mcdonald, Ohio were the guests
last week of Mrs. Ruth Nernish.
Mrs. Francis Winkler entertain
ed the President of the Harrington
New Century Club, the Executive
and Program Committee at a
luncheon on Tuesday after which
a business meeting was held
Mr.. and Mrs. John Kolata of
Olean, N. Y. are the guests this
week of Mr.. Kolata's sister and
brother-in-law, Mr. and Mrs. Fred
Martin.
Milford chronicle., 1962-07-27
Flowers Need Special
Summer Attention

Roses and other perennials need
some special care during July and
August, according to Ed Ralph,
associate county agricultural agent
Roses need water regularly along
with handful of 5-10-10 fertilizer
now, and again the first week in
August. Apply by sprinkling h e
fertilizer around each plant d
mix it into the soil, Mr.. Ralph
recommends.
He said a mulch is also useful to
keep the soil temperature down,
hold the moisture and help control
weeds. Peat moss, composted leav-
es, and ground corn cobs are ac-
ceptable mulching materials.
Hardy chrysanthemums also
need feeding now and again n
August. A handful of 5-10-5 or 5-10-
10 worked in lightly around each
plant is adequate.
Spraying for insects and diseases
is also necessary at regular inter
walls.
Roses and NUNS both need to
be protected for best results. A
combination spray made of DDT,
malathion, karathane and parzate
will control most of the problems.
For display, perennials should be
staked up. Stake and tie the plants
before they bloom so they cannot
be injured by wind and rain. 1t is
not too late to fill vacant spots
with bedding plants, Ralph says. A
starter solution should be applied
when transplanting to help t h e
plants withstand the shock and to
Sp ee I'd normal growth. Plants
should be watered before and after
transplanting.
A mulch applies as soon as the
plants are placed in their perman
ent location will help retain mois-
ture and keep wedding at a mimi
mum.
Milford chronicle., 1962-07-27

Mary Margaret Masten of Will
mington is the guest this week of
Mr.. and Mrs. Tharp Harrington.
Mrs. Richard Dennis and son,
and Mr.. and Mrs. Robert Faulkner
and daughter are in Newark re-
cuperating from a recent automo-
bile accident
Mrs. Walter Long has returned
to her home after being patient
in the Milford Memorial Hospital.
Mr.. and Mrs. Howard Wagner
and Mrs. Gary Homewood spent
Sunday visiting with relatives in
Bel Aire.
Mr.. Enos Langrel1 returned
home this week after being a
patient in the Wilmington General
Hospital.
Mrs. Pauline Newton, Mrs. VIM.
Lemel, Mrs. Wallace Hanson, and
Mrs. George W. Hanson enjoyed a
trip ito Wilmington on Wednesday
and dinner in the evening.
Anthony Mainiero of Hazeltown,
Pa. was the weekend guest of Mr.
and Mrs. Jack Dill. Debbie a n d
Barbara Mainiero, after having
spent week with the Dills, ac-
companied their uncle home.
Miss Emily Collision of Whining
ton was the guest for a few days
this week of Mrs. N. ]. Harring-
ton.
Milford chronicle., 1962-07-27
FABULOUS SCHACHT

FORT LAUDERDALE, Fla. (AP)
AL SchachIt still wants to be
known as the Clown Prince Of
Baseball This is the 53rd spring
training for the former Washing
ton Senator pitcher who began
with Erie, Pa, in the Ohio-Penn-
sylvania League in 1910.
Schacht works out with the Yam
kee before games.
I'm in pretty good shape for a
69-year-old guy" says Schacht who
once won IL straight games at $4
a week and board in a summer
league at Walton, N. Y.
Schacht will put on his act at a
number of big league parks this
year. He played in Cleveland, Kan
sas City, Detroit, Baltimore a n d
Minneapolis-St. Paul last season.
In 1916 Schacht put up $4,000
for a New York restaurant. Recent
ly he turned down $1,175,000.
Milford chronicle., 1962-07-27

this weekend and so are Bing
cherries. Don't forget about sum-
mer apples for they are quite rea-
Sonable.
ALI citrus fruits are little high
er. Oranges are up to 3 cents a
dozen and grapefruits are up a
penny.
Egg prices are higher again this
week, the result of hot, dry wealth
er, tired hens, and a general Gull
ing of fiocks. Average prices, in
cluding the increase, are still con-
siderably less than a year ago.
Red meat supplies are near their
midsummer low. Hog marketings
will start increasing in August.
Pork supplies are expected to be
about the same as last year until
fall when they will drop below a
year ago. Beef production will also
start to increase seasonally in the
next few weeks. Light receipts of
lamb have pushed prices up to the
highest levels in recent years.
Milford chronicle., 1962-07-27
Delaware Food Market
Report
BY ANNE HOlBeRTOk
Agricultural Extension Service
University of DsIowors

Vegetable news is mixed. Re-
ceipts continue heavy but the drou-
ght has done much to hinder some
supplies. There are two reasons for
abundant marketings of many veg
etables. Earlier rainfall was suffi-
cient to sustain growth and devel-
opment. Also, irrigated acreage has
been expanding and now makes
up a significant share of producing
acreage. More rain is needed than
we have had if things are to con-
tinue to be abundant.
In the meantime do enjoy n d
take advantage of ample vegetable
supplies. Lettuce is of high quality,
whether it be Iceberg, romaine, or
Boston and prices are low. Other
salad choices include endive, ra-
dishes, green peppers, green onions
and tomatoes. Many stores are now
handling home grown tomatoes, if
yours doesn't ask them to. T h e
flavor is excellent and prices have
dropped quite bit. During week
end sales, look for prices to aver
age 13 cents a pound. OF the long
list of good buys be sure to check
the following: snap beans, egg
plant, summer squash, beets, cauli-
flower, cabbage, sweet corn, beets,
and potatoes.
Watermelon continues to m a k e
news in most fruit departments.
They are selling as low as SO cents
during special sales, the average
price is, however, 50 cents each.
Cantaloupes and honeydew mel
ons are also plentiful with quality
high.
Peaches are among the m o t
plentiful fruits, averaging IL cents
a pound. Plums are down in price
Milford chronicle., 1962-07-27

them. In the fall the debris from
the old stems and leaves should be
cut down below the soil level and
taken away or buned. Do not put
the infected debris in a compost
pile.
Sprays of Bordeaux mixture,
Captain or Zineb when the leaves
are about l foot high are recon-
mended for prevention of this dis
ease. Follow two weeks later with
another application and use a third
one if leaf-blight and buddhist Oc-
cur later.
Plants that are infected n o w
should be sprayed with one of the
fungicides mentioned above, after
the diseased or wilted portions are
cut off.
Failure of buds to open after
they have reached the size of a pea
is also associated with lack of
potassium in the plant, dry spells.
low temperatures during early
spring and root-knot nematOdes,
Mr.. Ralph said Other causes may
be too deep planting, infertile soil
and excessive shade.
For further information on or
namentals, call the County Exten-
sion Office at 856-2553.
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