davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-18
The Issues as 270 Million indians Go to Polls

a determined effort to double its
vote, from IL million five years
ago to Is million" and, thus, in
crease its strength marginally in
Parliament, but substantially in
state legislatures. Only in West
Bengal, where alone it has suc-,
ceeded in forging a united 'front.',
with half dozen leftist groups,
has the Cpl given the call for
an alternative government" But
no Communist leader of any,
standing expects the bid to sue
coed because the party is pain
fully conscious of an almost COM
plete lack of support in BengalIs
villages. g..
Urbon Hindu Link
The Jan Singh boasts of no
towering personality and is
mainly linked with urban Hindu
politics. Some of its policies are
divorced from realities. Its slogan
of "Akhand Bharat," which means
forcible merger of Pakistan with
India, cannot be realized without
resort to war. And this the Indian
people are not willing to indorse.
The PSF is a halfway house
between the Congress Party and
the Cpl. 1t aims at the establish
ment of true democratic social
ism" 1t is largely a collection of
men who left the Congress Party
for varied reasons. z,
The Congress Party is by far
the biggest political giant DOM
mating the Indian scene. 1t is be-
deviled by internal factions. But
Mr.. Nehru'S magic still works He
has just finished whirlwind tour
of the country. He has talked
again of midas achievements
after independence. the power Of
science and technology and the
need to fuse modern thinking into
Indian traditions. These are old
phrases which, like some others,
he has uttered a million zines
before. But, for him, they still
have the meaning because he can
call up the image of a united
India
Mr.. Nehru remains very much
the darling of his people. He holds
his audience spellbound. For
though, unlike his own leader,
Mahatma Gandhi, he does not
symbolic each one of the Indians,
high and low, he is the last one
who epitomizes the glamour and
the passion of the Indian free
dom struggle A young old man
pushing hard and against heavy
odds for what he believes.
Under Mr.. Nehru'S guidance,
the Congress Party is expected
to romp home with a victory at
the polls. though, perhaps Eith
a reduced majority.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-18
Politics.:
Warming Up

Gov. Rockefeller of New York
last week blasted the Kennedy
administration on civil rights
and Cuba as the 1862 election
year political pot began to boil.
Up until very recently one of
the prime prospects for the Re-
publican presidential nomination
in 1864, Gov. Nelson A. Rookie
Teller, has stuck pretty much to
his own bailiwick, wrestling with
the problems of New York State.
He had given President Ken
nedy a chance to organize his
administration. And, doubtless,
he was saving his heaviest par
tisan shots fol- this year. He
stands for reelection in Novem-
Der.
Heretofore, Senator Barry Gold
water of Arizona has carried the
brunt of the Republican often
Sive, although former Vice Presi-
dent Nixon who, according to a
new national poll, is still the ia
vorite among G. o. P voters,
occasionally has Clipped in with
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-18

wart and the first Indian Cover
nor General, has now become a
sworn enemy of his old party and
is guiding his followers to over
throw it from its present pedestal.
He draws big crowds everywhere.
The SIP has, for the first time,
mounted from the right a total
offensive against the ruling party
on economic and political
grounds.
The SIP advocates the maxi
mum freedom for the people and
minimum freedom for the gov
eminent" "a 10Th century laissez
faire. Its slogan, Abolish the
Land Tax" appeals to the rural
people who form IS per cent of
the population. In foreign affairs,
it stands for complete alliance
with the West and for breach of
diplomatic relations with Commu-
mist China.
Although embaSsaSsed by Pc
kings incursions and Russia's de-
Stalnizstioo, the Cpl is making
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-18
The National Scene

criticism of some Kennedy policy
or program.
Last week Mr.. Rockefeller fol-
lowed up his outspoken opposi-
ton to Mr.. Kennedy's proposal
for a new Department of Urban
Affairs with singing criticism of
the administration on civil rights
and the handling of the "inva-
sion" of Cuba last spring.
He called the Democratic Party's
record on rights lone Of the most
cynical explorations of minority
aspirations" in American history,
suggesting that Mr.. Kennedy won
the election by making promises
to Negroes and then failed to keep
them.
AS for the Cuba affair, the Gov
ernor charged that the Presidents
refusal to use United States armed
forces to assure the success Of the
invasion" by Cuban rebels had
resulted in another defeat
UllC 1CCCllU Z ullUd OC EDUC COlI1CI .
ence of hemisphere foreign min
lister.
The Rockefeller offensive would
seem to challenge Republican
Senator Margaret Chase Smiths
earlier -the-week assertion that
Les ding possibilities for the
G. o. P. presidential nomination
are ducking the 1864 contest be-
cause they do not think they can
defeat Mr.. Kennedy.
Meanwhile, another nationally
known Republican has entered a
gubernatorial race. Senator Hugh
Scott announced last week his
candidacy in his home State of
Pennsylvania. A. fierce fight be-
tween the so-called "Old Guard"
Republicans and the more mod
crate element is in the making,
with the Senator, backed by for
mer President Eisenhower, lead
ing the latter group.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-18

so that the brand names will be
easier to remember.
The subcommittee also claims
credit for the fact that the major
manufacturers moved last fall to
reduce by Is per cent the price
on antibiotics which had remained
stable over a number of years.
The charge of price collision
which the subcommitte worked to
develop is left to the court de-
cision on a suit brought by the
Justice Department against three
companies last August.
Against findings that patients
in many foreign countries can buy
United States manufactured drugs
at prices considerably under the
domestic prices, the industry was
able to testify that wholesale pre-
scription drug prices have declined
7 per cent over the last IL years
against rise of over 26 per cent
in other wholesale prices.
Commercial Control
The crux of the legislative is
sue arising from the hearings con-
Germs the question of the degree
and duration of the commercial
control that company should
have over a new medicine which
it develops in its laboratories.
Proposals relating to other as
poets of the industry's operations
are being advanced by the Sena-
tor as a consequence of the hear
ings but none is as significant or
controversial as the patent queS-
ton.
He would encourage the pur-
chase of drugs by their generic
names that are available to all
manufacturers instead of by the
brand names which are the prop
erty of the companies which pro-
mote them. He would accomplish
this by empowering the Food and
Drug Administration to give Of
fetal common names to all pre-
scription drugs and requiring that
these be printed on the label in
the same size type as the brand
names.
Senator Kefauver further pro-
poses to license all drug manu-
facturers and to subject them to
plant examinations that go be-
yond the limitations imposed in
1858 law. This would provide
quality safeguards calculated to
discourage the doctors reliance
on more expensive brand name
products. He would also require
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-18
Public Support Cheers Thurmond

and carried four Southern States,
see himself again as a presiden-
tlal candidate?
Such questions, at this political
stage, may seem far-fetched. But
the spreading, noisy activities of
the so-called radical right, ap-
parently well-financed, cannot be
brushed aside. At the present time
they are disjointed lot. They
range from established conserva-
tive business organizations to
the John Birch Society and luna
tic fringes which are fanatical in
their zeal. But quiet efforts are
said to be underway to coalesce
the disparate elements into a
workable political entity.
If this comes to pass, or if
it doesn't, the ultra rightists, as
sometimes they are called, surely
will be a factor to reckon with
in the decade of the SOS either
at the national or State level.
Already this is so, as politicians
see it, in California, Texas and
a few other places.
Goldwoter's Role
Senator Goldwater, Republican
of Arizona, usually is looked to
as the leader of the conservatives.
But among some of the extreme
rightists at least, Senator Thur
mond is their real hero.
The Senator maintains a re-
serve that is hard to penetrate.
His spare figure is carried with
military erectneSS as BELTS a
major general of the Army. re-
serves. Spartan-like in habits, he
is careful of his diet and has a
fetish about physical fitness. In
his Senate office he keeps a set
of bar bells and an interviewer
may be startled by finding him
exercising with them, lifting them
rythmically over his head, while
responding to a flow of questions.
Eoriy Interest in Politics
His crusade against the menace
of communism, internal as we'll
as external, has been likened to
that of the late Senator Joseph
Mccarthy. The comparison finds
little favor with Senator Thur
mond. This is not something new
with me-" he says, 1--WE been
making speeches on this subject
for 80 years."
That would cover about all the
Senator's political life. He was
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-18
BY CECIL HOLLAND
Star Staff Writer

One day recently three men who
identified themselves as radio
ministers appeared unannounced
at Senator Thurmond's office. One
was from Los Angeles. Another,
his son, was from Chicago. The
third came from Minneapolis.
1--WE just want to see Senator
Thurmond and tell him what a
fine job we think he is doing"
they explained.
Each morning the postman
dumps a pile of mail in the South
Carolina Senator's reception room.
There are dozens of invitations
for him to speak. In the last few
months he has accepted invita-
lions from all over the country.
The telephone rings constantly,
bringing more invitations. A few
are accepted; many more are re-
fused.
In the Senate ''muzzling" in
veStigation which he inspired
Senator Thurmond may appear
like footballs lonely end as he
sits at the far right at the hearing
table, shuffling papers and wait
ing his turn to question the wit
ness. Few other Senators come
to his aid when he rises on the
Senate floor to defend the in
vestigation. On the floor and off,
he is left pretty much to himself.
If he feels any sense of ostra-
cism, the Senator concealS it. He
finds justification for his course
from expressions of support from
all over the country. Undeniably
his base of support has been
widened immensely beyond the
borders of South Carolina and a
few other Southern States where
he has been popular because of
his conservative views and his
stand against Indignation. And
this, in turn, has raised some
interesting questions.
Leader Of Conservatives
Does Senator Thurmond picture
himself as becoming the leader
of the county's conservatives, re-
gardless of party labels? Is he,
in his minds eye. the man on
the white charger to lead the
country back down the road from
what he considers a march toward
the welfare state? Does the Sen
ator, who was the 1948 States
Rights candidate for President,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-18
Drug Inquiry, One Of Longest
Ends With New Legislation Next

the FDA to pass on the safety
and effectiveness of all new drugs
before they are usSied.
The atmosphere is such that
most observers believe that these
proposals by themselves would be
likely to have swift enactment by
Congress. The emphasis on con-
sumner interest is running high
and the administration has echoed
the Kefauver proposal with rec
concentrations that are in some
respects stronger.
But these proposals are tied in
the Kefauver bill known as S.1552
to sharp and highly controver-
sial change in the patent laws,
Under the present code COM
pany which develops a new drug
has exclusive patent rights to it
for a period of II years. Mr.. Ke-
fauver is urging that the exclusive
rights be limited to three years
after which company would be
required to grant unrestricted Ii
censes to any qualified applicant
for royalties of per cent or less
for the remaining IA years of the
patents life.
Industy's Offensive
The announcement of Mr.. Ke-
favuer's patent proposal last fall
stirred the industry into spirited
counteroffensive. The Pharmaceu-
tical Manufacturers Association
urged it's member companies to
utilize their detail men" or trav-
cling statesmen to counteract Ike
fauverrhea" and a range Of ex-
perts from law school deans to
chemists appeared to testify in
opposition. Concentrating its de-
Tense on the patent provision, the
manufacturers took softer line
Of opposition to the drug regula-
ton aspects of the Kefauver bill
and drew from the Senator an
offer to negotiate the patents
question.
Senator Kefauver is not tempted
to drop his patents amendment
by the fact that he could prob
ably get the rest of his bill
through Congress without it.
The drug executives maintain
that Senator Kefauver's patent
proposal would stultify their in
centive to spend money on re-
search and slow or stop the mo-
mentum which has brought the
United States to leadership in the
pharmaceutical field. They point
to Italy, where patent rights on
pharmaceuticals were abandoned
in 1899, as an example of Q coun-
try where the incentive does not
exist and where new products are
not being developed.
Senator Kefauver maintains
that West Germany and Switzer-
land, both active in the develop
ment of new drug products, have
laws which require the immediate
licensing of other producers. He
says that the United States, Bel
GUM and Panama are the only
countries in the world which do
not exert some official form of
price protection for the purchas-
ers of medicines.
The manufacturers say that no
one is justified in being severe on
an industry which has provided
declining prices in an inflationary
period and has found means vir-
tually to end the threat of four
m jor scourges pneumonia,
syphilis, tuberculosis and infant
diarrhea in the past 20 years.
Senator Kefauver says they de-
serve special attention because it
is the only industry he knows
where the consumer who makes
the purchase is not the man who
places the order.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-18
Steel Talks:
Hopeful Air

Steel industry contract talks
between management and union
officials began last week in
Pittsburgh in an atmosphere of
hope and congeniality. Com
merce Secretary Hodges said he
looked for an early settlement.
The last time steel company
and union negotiators began talks
on a new contract they could not
reach agreement and one of the
worst strikes in the industry
history ensued, with the plants
shut down for lie days. This
was in 1859.
A Taft Hartley Act finding by
the United States Supreme Court
that the strike was threatening
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-18

born in Edgefield County, South
Carolina, which has produced 10
governors of the State. He &C
counts for this by the fact that
his home folks always have been
interested in politics. He himself,
he acknowledges, set his eyes on
the statehouse at 10 years of age.
1t was long and even tortuous
road school teacher, school
superintendent, lawyer, circuit
the Senate, with time out during
judge, governor and eventually
World II for Army service in
Europe.
He was first elected to the Sen
ate as a Write-in candidate and
then easily won reelection. In
the Senate he votes with the
Democrats to organize that body.
But in every other way he con-
ducts himself as an independent.
More than any other Senator
with Democratic label, he has
voted against President Kennedys
program. He described himself as
"a South Carolina Democrat"
whose principles are "juSt about
the opposite" of those of the ma
tional party.
While he thinks that a con-
sentative Republican like Senator
GoldWater would carry the South
i'll the 1864 presidential election,
Senator Thurmond shuns any
Identification as a Republican.
For one thing, the tag would
carry obvious political liabilities
in South Carolina. For another,
he sees little difference between
the Democratic and Republican
parties at the national level.
Both, he considers, have gone a
long way down the road toward
the welfare state.
Political Reodjustment
The Senator's fond hope. is to
see a political realignment with
the conservatives on one side,
drawing from both parties, and
the liberals on the other. It is
in this framework that Senator
Thurmond's preoccupation with
the Communist menace must be
considered.
With me-" he says, this is
cause-a vital cause. In my judg-
ment, the future of the country
is seriously threatened. 1t is
total threat, external and internal.
We have to cope with both"
He believes the public, by and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-18
BY NARANIAN S. UPPAL
Contributing Writer

NEW DELHI. - Indians are
now being asked by all political
parties to give their direct verdict
on the Indian Governments for
eign and domestic policies. At
stake is Prime Minister Nehru's
personal prestige, for he is the
main architect of these policies
and is the undisputed leader of
the ruling Congress Party.
This week the largest democracy
in the world with 210 million
voters is going to the polls to
elect, through secret ballot, the
Union Parliament and 10 of the
Is state assemblies. Two states,
Kerala and Orissa, had their mid
term elections recently. Only in
Kashmir, which enjoys a special
status within the Indian Union,
has political party boycotted the
elections. The Plebiscite Front
has announced that it would not
take part in the election unless
normal conditions are restored
and the future of the state is
determined through a plebiscite"
But the front has very little fol-
lowing.
Menon's Opposition
The Congress Party is in power
at the center and in all the states.
But the challenge to its suprem-
acy has been mounting steadily.
For the first time, Mr.. Nehru him
self is being opposed by a leader
of all-India fame, Socialist Ram
Manohar Lohia.
Another interesting contest is
in North Bombay where Defense
Minister Krishna Menon is OPP
posed by Acharya Kripalani, once
of the Congress Party, then of
the PSF, and now an independ-
ent. Mr.. Kripalani has now the
support of several parties and
even some congressman. His argu-
ment: The man, who is soft
toward Communist China and
gives the Indian foreign policy
pro Communist twist" should be
thrown out. Mr.. Nehru has always
campaigned for his party, never
before for an individual. But, in
Bombay. he has asked the people
to vote for Mr.. Menon.
An asset for the Congress Party
has been the recent liberation of
Goa from Portuguese administra-
ton. Despite previous promises,
this has occupied a prominent
place in its election platform.
Many anti-Congress eie1nen D,
however, still continue to lash the
ruling party for its "lethargy" on
the border dispute with COMMIT
mist China and soft policy" to-
ward the Communist countries in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-18
BY CHARLES BARTLETT
Contributing Writer

Senator Kefauver, Democrat Of
Tennessee, has wound up the
longest and perhaps the most
acrimonious set of hearings in
modern congressional history
they began in 1859 - with the
final session of the inquiry into
drug prices.
The Senator became the chair
man Of the Senate Subcommittee
on Autobiography in 1856 and
he has labored since to forge the
body, which has large staff and
an annual appropriation of more
than $750,000, into a sharp sur
gical instrument capable of prob
ing deep into the pricing policies
Of dominant segments of the Ma
tons industry.
He began his inquiry into the
drug manufacturers on December
7, 1859 in an atmosphere which
suggested that the businessmen
felt the hour of their own Pearl
A4oI OOl Wdo az lldllO.
This prediction has stood the
test of the intervening period.
The manufacturers have survived
the hearings and remain in sound
financial health but the pros and
cons of their practices have
undergone thorough airing
which has already produced sig
nificant change in some of those
practices, in consumer attitudes,
and in the Federal agencies con-
cerned with the industry. The
degree of change will be far more
extensive if the legislative pro-
poSals which have emerged from
the probe are enacted by Con-
gress.
Senator Kefauver has had ex-
perience with many dramatic Sem
ate probes on gangsters and the
Dixon-Yates contract and many
dull ones on steel and auto prices
and he and his staff were unques-
tionably pressing at the outset to
insure that their new effort did
not fall into the latter category
They set out to popularize their
thesis that drug prices are I'M
reasonably high and found some
of their techniques difficult to de-
fend against the charge of head
line-hunting. The Senator's best
defense Of the fairness of his
hearings lay in their great length,
which ultimately gave manufac-
turers chance to tell their side
of the story.
On Brond Names
On the issue of prices, the probe
served the main purpose of publ
cizing the industry practice of
giving patented brand names to
drugs being made by two or more
companies and of promoting those
brand names by heavy advertis-
ing expenditures approximately
"a cents o the sales dollar) until
they are more familiar to the doc
tors then the chemical or generic,
names of the drugs. This enables
a company with a well-knoWn
patent to hold the price up against
competition and yet command the
market since doctors seem to pre-
fer brand name by big COM
pany to the same product, gen.
erally-named, from smaller man
ufacturer.
While insisting that the physi-
clan should not be inhibited from
prescribing by brand name if he
feels the trademark provides add
ed assurance of the integrity of
the product, industry leaders
agreed last December to adopt a
procedure which will avert the
past practice of putting compli-
Gated generic names on new drugs