davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-01-17
What F. D. r. Wanted

The Walter Russell statue of the
Four Freedoms stands in Florida in
memory Of Colin Kelly, one of the first
great American heroes of World War
II. 1t matters little now, therefore, that
the model originally was created as
memorial to Franklin D. Roosevelt.
What does matter, however, is how
infinitely more fitting and appropriate
memorial to the late President this
statue would have been than the weird
collection Of graveyard slabs that the
Roosevelt Memorial Commission wants
to build in Potomac Park. According
to Sculptor Russell, the concept of
the Four Freedoms was selected by
Mr.. Roosevelt himself as one which
he hoped would be embodied in his
memorial.
Perhaps this wish still might be
fulfilled In some new form. Eventu-
ally, we suppose, the matter will have
to be decided by Congress. We hope,
in any event, that the final decision
is more representative of the man and
will be more gracious addition to the
Nations Capital than the monstrosity
now being advanced.
Evening star., 1962-01-17
Obscenity RuIinq

The Supreme Courts refusal to
review the conviction of six Baltimore
booksellers under Maryland's obscenity
law should be appraised in the narrow
context of the facts of that particular
case. 1t means, presumably, that the
justices were satisfied that the five
"girlie" magazines in question were
obscene within the proper meaning of
the law, and were therefore not pro-
tected by constitutional safeguards. 1t
does not necessarily follow that the
high court will take the same view, if
and when it gets the case, of the con-
viction in Montgomery County of man
who sold "Tropic of Cancer" That con-
viction, too, will have to be judged on
its individual merits.
Still, those people (and there are
many of them) who are disturbed by the
traffic in pornography can derive some
comfort from the refusal to review the
Maryland case. It is not always easy
to draw the line between obScenity and
work of literary merit. But the Mary
land ruling clearly indicates that there
is point at which filth for filth'S sake
can be suppressed if the people, acting
through their legislatures, want to
suppress 1t.
Evening star., 1962-01-17
Against u. N. Bonds

President Kennedy's ex-
pressed purpose to secure
congressional authority to
purchase up to $100 million
worth of United Nations
bonds is in an attempt to
patch up a sinking ship
which is already aground on
the rocks of impotence and
inefficiency.
The continually demon
strated impotence of the
United Nations, and the now
more than ever manifest in
tent of many of its members
to proceed unilaterally when
ever they so desire and to
give only lip service, and lit
tie of that, to the high ideals
and peaceful purposes set
forth in its charter make the
Presidents plan completely
unsound economically, and
brings our own country closer
and closer Il economic col
lapse. And to what avail?
No action of the U. NJ, spe-
clfic or general, offers any
hope of achieving the pur-
poses for which the United
Nations was created. Katanga
and Goa are only two ex-
amples which prove my point.
E. r. Ballinger.
Evening star., 1962-01-17
Expand the City Court

The latest proposal for charging
the authority of the Municipal Court
has such substantial support from
judges and lawyers that it merits care
full consideration by Congress. The
planned expansion would have the two
fold advantage of relieving congested
District Court of many non-Federal
cases and Of enchancing the prestige
of the city tribunal.
The proposed reorganization of the
city court, as recommended by COM
mittee of bar association representa-
tives and judges, would extend its
Jurisdiction over civil cases from those
involving $4,000 to those of up to
$4,000, would give it subpoena powers
in radius Of 100 miles of Washington
and would change it's name to the
District of Columbia Court of General
Sessions. District Court dockets thus
would be eaSed through the transfer
of much local litigation. No other Fed
eral district court handles such cases.
The subpoena provision would clothe
the city court with authority similar
to that possessed by District Court.
The Judicial Conference already is
on record in favor Of an enlargement
of the Municipal Courts Jurisdiction.
Although the District Bar Association
has not yet acted on the plan, its pres
ident, Edmund D. Campbell, was chair
man Of the committee which prepared
the recommendations. Any such trans
fer of cases might entail the adding
of judges to the local tribunal pos
Evening star., 1962-01-17
Gag the Senate?

A Senate subcommittee
will soon begin hearings on
alleged censorship or muZ-
zling Of the military by some
anonymous civilians in the
White House, Pentagon and
State Department. Some OBJ
servers predict the hearings
will continue for months, per-
haps for the remainder of
this session of Congress, with
untold harveSts of publicity.
1t will be alleged that these
civilians tried to restrain
some of the military from
telling their troops how to
vote (also all civilians with
in reach). from public off
the-hip statements affecting
United States foreign policy,
and from public and vituper-
ative criticisms Of United
States domestic policy.
This is all quite incredible,
even in 1862 with the mill
tary-industrial complex at its
zenith of power. In this coun-
try, have the military ever
had the power to tell their
troops, or us, how to vote,
or to make public statements
affecting our foreign policy,
or to publicly damn our do
meStic policy? No. Do they
now have the power to do
this? No. Should they have
this power? No. Then what
is the shouting all about, with
the halls of the august United
States Senate lending dignity
to an inquiry that appears
more suitable for possible dis
ciplinary action within the
Defense Department? Could
it be that a few generals and
admirals, and especially two
or three Senator generals or
general-Senators in the Sen
ate, are after a few million
dollars worth of free public
ity to further their illiberal
philosophy?
J. Sam Mewhinney, jr.
Evening star., 1962-01-17
Wild Blue Yonder

If Columnist Drew Pearson is right,
1t follows that Virginia's Senator Byrd
Is a Scoundrel and that the bill to
regulate the tax bite on Du Points
diveStiture of its General Motors stock,
as decreed by the Supreme Court in its
recent antitrust ruling, is thoroughly
1niquitouS piece of legislation.
Mr.. Pearson, however, is not right.
In this particular flight into the wild
blue yonder he is about as far off the
beam as a man can get.
He says that the bill which Sen
ator Byrd is sponsoring as chairman Of
the Senate Finance Committee would
reverse the antitrust case and the Su-
preme Court" This is complete nom
sense. He also says that Democratic
Senator Byrd is "championing Federal
relief for millionaires," that the biggest
tax break under the bill would 90 to
members Of the Du Pont family through
= holding company called ChriStiana,
and he implies that the Virginia Sen
ator is trying to perpetrate this out
rage to reward Du Pont and General
Motors executives for political contri-
buttons made to Republicans.
: Among pertinent facts which the
eolumniSt ignores are these: This bill
Is not measure that Senator Bryd
personally is trying to ram" through
Congress in the dark of the night. A
nearly House Ways and
Means Committee, after hearings, re-
ported 1t out at the last session and
It was approved overwhelmingly in the
House. The Senate Finance Committee
Endorsed it with only two dissenting
votes. The Treasury and Justice De-
partments, while presumably not en-
thuSiaStic about the measure, have
said they have no objection to it pro-
vided 1t is made clear, as has been
done, that there is no intent to impose
any particular method of stock diveSt-
iture on the courts.
What about the millionaireS? I'm
der this bill the big stockholders in
Christiana, according to Senator Will
liamS, Republican of Delaware, will pay
practically all of the tax in event Of
diveStiture to its stockholders. Also
according to Senator Williams: 1.-THE
more than $4,000 employees of the Du
Pont company who purchased stock
under their company's stock purchase
plan-and most of that stock has been
purchased since 1950-will be exempt
from all taxation under this bill I'm
der this bill we shift the tax burden
to those who the committee feels are
best able to pay the tax-that is, those
who have the least cost factor and the
largest amount of gain"
This is a complex measure and
there are, of course, arguments against
it, such as those advanced by Senators
Gore and Douglas. It is also very
important measure, however, and it
should be voted up or down on its merits
mot on the baseless suggestion that it
is something dreamed up by Senator
Byrd to further line the pockets Of a
handful of Republican millionaires.
Evening star., 1962-01-17
Boys Club Policy

News reports Of "negotia-
tions" on further Government
support of the now segre-
gated Metropolitan Police
Boys Clubs are fraught with
sinister and dangerous sug-
gestions of retrogression. We
who fought so hard in the
late fifties to eliminate the
Metropolitan Police Boys
Clubs as a symbol of segrega-
ton andreactionr nrecollect that
strenuous efforts were made
by citizen groups and the
District Commissioners to OBJ
tain from this organization
a change in its policy of seq
regation; that its adamant
position for segregation re-
suited in an injunction suit
against it and the D. C. Com
misSioners based on the
clubs segregation policy while
subsidized by the District
Government contrary to its
own orders and policy; that
in the Court of Appeals the
question was never decided
because the plaintiff had be-
come of age.
It should be noted that at
present the D. C. Commis-
sioners still support the rem
nants of the Metropolitan
Police Boys Clubs through
donated office space, assign
ment of police officers and
the furnishing Of utilities and
facilities, all violative of Gov
eminent policy.
That the race-conscious
leopard has not changed its
undemocratic spots is sug-
gested by the fact that the
negotiations" seem to be
begging down on the timing
of total desegregation. Liberal
citizens will not be fooled by
promises without action, by
change in policy without i'm
plementation, by variation OF
viewpoint without proof.
1t is submitted that when
gains have been made, negot-
iations are not in order to
move backward. Before asking
more Government support,
this organization should COM
pletely desegregate its pres
ent clubs, its camps, its staff
and its policy-making board
of directors.
Eugene Davidson.
President, Central North
west Citizens Association.
Evening star., 1962-01-17
Furnishing Criminals

In his letter, James Boyer
makes an appeal for leniency
In cases Of minors convicted
of capital crimes. This is the
same bleeding heart attitude
that encourages juvenile
hoods to commit atrocities
with little fear of retribu-
ton. A great many people
fail to properly assess the
enormity Of the crime prob
lem. This Trojan horse in
side our gates has sent forth
a stream of savagery bent on
destroying the last vestiges
Of order.
Mr.. Boyer feels that civili-
zation will come to the coun-
try only after we abolish
capital punishment. This is
patiently false. In 1858, the
State of Delaware outlawed
the death penalty, only to re-
impose it three years later.
Many liberal-minded teach
ers have led their high school
civics classes in censure res
olutions for capital punish
ment, while in 10 years, crime
has increased five times
faster than the population.
Time is running out! Civil
lization should not apologize
for defending itself against a
tidal wave of lawlessneSs.
Misuse of the death penalty
is infrequent. Those who
main and murder should be
made to know that corporal
punishment or execution is
the just and certain fate
that awaits them,
Ronald II. Harner.
Evening star., 1962-01-17
Man of Initiative

A critic Of Federal pay
quoted the Presidents words
ASK not what your coun-
try can do for you: Ask rather
what you can do for your
country"
The critic then goes on to
argue the pay raise question
as though Government work.
ers are an unreasonable
grasping group.
1t seems to have escaped
the notice of this critic that
the man who uttered these
words has taken the initia-
tive on the Government pay
question and is the first Pres
ident in the history Of this
country to do so.
Harold L. HaIpert.
Evening star., 1962-01-17
A BOOK FOR TODAY
Inside Land of the Risinq Sun
By DONALD MINTZ

the firm belief in German
victory in Europe and the
equally firm belief that the
United States would not op-
pose Japanese Southeast
Asia policy by force.
The latter view was not
without some basis. In 1887,
President Roosevelt had ap-
peared to threaten sanctions
against Japan in the famous
quarantine" speech, but it
was not until September 26,
1910 that shipment to Japan
of scrap iron and steel was
embargoed, and the freezing
of japanese assets in the
United States did not take
place until July 26 of the fol-
lowing year.
internal organization Of
government seems a matter
of no significance beside
these questions of global
strategy, but Professor Lu
makes it clear that confused
lines of authority and the
constant squabbling within
the Japanese armed forces
were in fact matters of grave
Importance. Professional
military men of distinctly
limited viewpoint were in al
most constant de facto con-
troll of the government during
these critical years, and there
is considerable support for
Professor LUIS implied view
that had this not been the
case. the end result might
have been different.
THE INTERPRETATION
OF much of the material Of
Professor LUIS book, which is
based on extensive work with
the archives of the japanese
Foreign Office, is still con-
troversial. In his preface,
Professor Lu has been kind
enough to the general read
er to indicate that his idea
that the Tripartite Pact
Germany, Italy and Japan
was directed almost solely
against the Soviet Union
ra ther than against the
United States is not ortho-
dox.
Other areas Of disagree
ment are outlined by Herbert
FeiS in a brief but most in
structive foreword. Doubtless
the scholars who will prob
ably form the bulk of Pro-
lessor LUIS audience will not
need these warnings, but
they are an uncommon and
exceptionally praiseWorthy
courtesy to what one hopes
will be the substantial num-
berS of general readers who
will find it worth their while
to retrace Japan's route to
Pearl Harbor and ultimate
calamity. For past events,
properly interpreted, can be
portentS of the future.
Evening star., 1962-01-17
WATCHING THE WORLD
Discrimination Crisis in KremIin
By CROSBY S. MOVES
Foreign Correspondent OF The Stor

been pursued in varying ways
with considerable practical
success. The original purpose
has been accomplished. But
at the same time, among the
consequences of this policy
has been a growing ideologi-
cal split which has placed the
Russian leadership at odds
with such diehard tradition
aliSts as the Red Chinese
and AlbanianS and caused a
strain in virtually every other
Communist party of Europe.
There also are signs that
Discrimination with all that
it represents has developed
a momentum of it's own
which threatens to escape
the control of it's inventor.
The removal of Stain from
his tomb, for example, was
not Mr.. Khrushchev's own
idea. The number of
speeches made before the lat
est Congress amounted to
condemnations of the Stain
era broad enough to include
Mr.. KhruShchev himself. Re-
Gently there have been var
ious signs, including the par
tial rehabilitation" of for
mer Premier Molotov, which
suggest that safe limits have
been reached and brakes are
being applied.
Tougher Soviet Line?
Does this, If true, portend
a major turn of Russian pol
icy toward a tougher line for
both domestic and foreign
policy? In theory, at least,
that possibility cannot be
ruled out now that the orig.
inal reasons that dictated de-
Stalinization have largely dis
appeared and the problems
caused by continuing the pol
icy become more pressing as
time goes by.
Nevertheless, most top Rus
sian experts here would reply
with a conditional no. The
liberalization that Mr.. Khru-
Shchev has brought about
and especially his emphasis
on keeping world peace-cor-
responds, these experts be-
lieve, with the passionate will
of the overwhelming mass of
Russian people. AS leader Mr..
KhruShchev is more respon-
sive to this popular will then
to abstract doctrines of party
theorists. Other things being
more or less equal it is be-
heved that Mr.. KhruShchev
would prefer to carry on in
the direction that he charted
at the start.
A condition, however, is that
the policy continues to pay
dividends in practical ways.
Mr.. KhruShchev, like any
other political leader, can
not survive indefinitely if his
policies result in failure, either
domestically or in the foreign
field. This is why the recent
setbacks in Soviet industry
and agriculture could have
such Importance in shaping
new Russian policy decisions
in other areas. This is why
also, in the opinion of the
experts here, it is so i'm
portant not to confront Mr..
KhruShchev in Berlin and
elsewhere with the harsh al
ternatives of complete defeat
or total war.
Evening star., 1962-01-17
Education and Fate

President Kennedy, at his latest
news conference, has given voice to
JuStifiable concern over the relative
positions Of the United States and the
Soviet Union in educating technicians,
engineers and scientists to cope with
all the great challenges and opportu-
mites of our superintendent age.
The most recent study of the subject
carried out by Nicholas Dewitt of Har-
ward, and published by the National
Science Foundation - amply confirms
earlier surveys indicating that our
country is seriously tagging in this field.
Thus, although the Dewitt report
is by no means peSSimistic, although
1t suggests that our American educa-
tional system may prove in the long
run to be better than the USSR's. it
warns that the latter is now gradu-
ating two to three times as many
scientific, engineering and technical per-
sonnet as are our own colleges and
universities. Further, wholly apart from
the superior numbers, this Russian
output is equal to ours in terms of
quality. At any rate, that is Mr.. De-
Wits finding, and Mr.. Kennedy has
used statistics of his own to emphasize
the potential gravity of the situation.
In these circumstances, it is under
Standable that Mr.. Kennedy has called
upon his Science Advisory Committee to
review past studies Of the problem and
report to me as quickly as possible on
the specific measures that can be taken
within and without the Government
to develop the necessary and we'll
qualified scientists and engineers and
technicians to meet our society's COM
plex needs" Actually, there already
exists a quite excellent survey of the
problem-a survey made two years ago
at President Eisenhower's direction, and
offering the following recommendations,
among others:
A vast revision of the curricula
Of our educational system, with special
emphasis on mathematics, the sciences
and languages, (2) continuous search
for gifted young minds, (3) steps to
guarantee that such minds get all the
schooling they merit, az action to
increase both the quantity and quality
OF our graduating scientists and engi-
neers, (5) drive to end the dangerous
shortage of competent teachers, and
(6) doubling of the present annual
outlay on education-to total of $50
billion.
Certainly, in view of the fact that
our population is increasing at rate
Of about 80 million every ten years,
there can be no doubt that action
along these lines is sorely needed to
insure that we do not become a poor
Second-best, educationally, to the So
viets. AS to that, these following words
from the 1859 report to Mr.. Eisen-
hower-words spoken by Alfred North
Whitehead, the distinguished mathe-
matician- -philospher-seem well worth
quoting again:
In the conditions of modern life the rule
is absolute: The race which does not value
trained intelligence is doomed. Not all your
heroiSm, not all your social charm, not all
your wit, not all your victories on land or at
sea, can move back the finger of fate. Today
we maintain ourselves. Tomorrow science will
have moved forward yet one more step, and
there will be no appeal from the judgment
which will then be pronounced on the un-
educated.
Evening star., 1962-01-17
Trade Battle

10 on the trade battle" was
a moderate assessment Of the
stakes Of industry, labor and
agriculture" in the proposed
new tariff program.
Much more is involved
than the so-called pocket
book" issue.
1t would pit the American
high-wage, mass-production
system, which has generated
and supported our highly
successful productive system,
against a newly rising COM
petitor with an impact that
could produce cataclysmic
results. This would be true
not only with respect to ia
pan, but perhaps even more
so with respect to the pro-
posed free-trade proposals
with the Common Market
countries.
The high-wage, masS-pro-
duction system was peculiar
ly American but we have
now exported 1t. In doing so
we have exposed it through
tariff reduction to the effects
of the same element of COM
petition, the eradication of
which was the basic purpose
of our minimum wage and
maximum hours laws, the
outlawry of child labor and
the elimination of sweatshop
conditions.
This exposure Is not yet
complete, even under exist
ing tariff reduction laws. The
returns from what has al
ready been done are not yet
all in, not nearly so; and
those that are in are far
from reassu1.ing. The emf
grafton of our industry has
already reached considerable
proportions and the end is
not yet.
To increase the exposure
beyond the present degree
will be to invite the collapse
and demise of the American
system. The high wages In
this country, impatiently
borne by many who have to
pay them, have had the
function, among other things
of providing and upholding
the purchasing power needed
to clear away the goods pro-
duced by industry and to
avoid their accumulation in
back-breaking inventories.
If it is the intent merely
to confront labor with a for
midable foreign challenge Sc
that wages in this country
may be held down by threat
of foreign competition, the
club is too big and too lethal
for its purpose. 1t is not
something to be played with
To think that we car
climb down from our high
wage ladder when everything
is attuned to it within this
country effective demand
for the output of our fac
tories, taxes for the support
of the government, credit
and debit obligations - anc
to act on such a premise
would be unforgivably un-
realistic.
And surely we cannot hope
to confront the Russian eco
nomic menace with a broken
back.
o. r. Strackbein,
Chairman
Nationwide Committee ol
Industry, Agriculture anC
Labor on Import-Export
Policy