davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-11

Henry H. Snelling's letter
quoted C. Darwin Stolzenbach
back in 1859 when he testi-
fled for the Interfederation
Council in favor of a rail
rapid transit system for
Washington and generally
against committing by motor
vehicle. At that time Mr..
Stolzenbach was chairman of
Interfederation's Specia |
Committee on Mass Trans
portation. He is now admin
istrator of National Capital
Transportation Agency and is
preparing a rail mass transit
plan for the approval of Con-
gress. At the 1859 hearing he
was quoting a resolution that
his committee had prepared
for the Interfederation Coun-
Gil.
Old files on the council
reveal original desires Of Mr..
Stolzenbach as to how the
public should go to work or
travel about the Washington
Metropolitan Area. The first
draft of his proposals were
much more anti-automobile
and anti-bus than the final
resolution and his later teSti-
mony. The original draft of
the 1859 resolution used such
phrases as these:
1t is obviously neces-
Sary to find some means for
excluding the additional
automobiles from the city
center. The 1859 Mass
Transportation Survey Re
port of the National Capital
Planning Commission places
undue emphasis upon auto
mobile transportation and
fails to slider public
policies that would reduce
the utility of the automobile
relative to mass transit"
Among the early recon-
mendations for action drafted
by Mr. Stolzenbach are these:
To control the design and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-11

construction of Federal-aid
highways within the Wash
ington Metropolitan region.
To control traffic flow over
highway, rail, and other
routes of the mass transport
tation system Of the region,
in the interest Of control Of
congestion in or through any
part of the region. To con-
troll parking for the same
purpose. To levy user
charges as one element in
control of congestion, and as
a source of revenue for the
operations of the mass transit
corporation.
There is a school or cult of
aging prophets who go about
the city talking to civic
groups. symposiums, panels
and forums at every oppor-
tunity expounding the phi
losophy that the American
people must quit using their
automobiles and that they
should commute on "two-rail
rapid transit" These people
go to all types Of meetings
and gatherings and constant
ly advocate the "Poppa knows
best" philosophy that urban
people should not have the
pleasure and convenience of
personal transportation in the
American family car. but
should be induced or required
to ride in mass transit We
hicles, particularly electric
rail SubWays. They would
allow the commuters to ride
a car or bus part way, but
then riders must transfer to
a rail train in the outskirts.
They call this the model
split" method of committing.
Luckily. Congress in its
wisdom did not buy" this
philosophy, and in setting up
the National Capital Trans
portation Agency in 1860 did
not include many of Mr..
Stolzenbach's earlier recon-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-11

close look at this bill. Generally, 1t is
the intent Of Congress which controls
the meaning of bill, and Congress most
certainly did not intend to enact the
monstrosity which the ACLU emissions.
AS far as we can ascertain, the intent
was merely to straighten out some kinks
In the existing law. But, Just on the
chance that something has been slipped
through, Mr.. Kennedy doubtless will
want to make careful check before
signing or vetoing H.R. 4670.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-11

mendations. Congress did not
reject the 1859 Mass Trans
portation Survey Report.
Congress did not give the
National Capital Transporta-
ton Agency any powers over
the m otorist or highway
developments, and it did not
empower the Meta to veto
highway and bridge projects.
NCTA'S recent efforts to kill
long-planned bridge and
freeway projects would indi-
cate that Mr.. Stolzenbach has
forgotten the difference be-
tween his original desires and
what Congress enacted in
1860.
Surely the common sense in
Congress and in the Mary
land and Virginia Legisla-
lures will not permit any Of
the dreams Of this cult for
the restoration of a pede-
strian society" to be enacted
into law.
Herbert P. Griffith.
1t just is not economically
feasible to build enough free
ways to accommodate every
one who insists on driving his
own car rather than using
public transportation. other
countries found this out a
long time ago and are now
building more subways. For
example, in London they are
just starting a new 10-mile
subway extension although
they already have an elab-
crate system, as they found
it was the only solution to
cope with increasing congeS-
ton.
Apparently, some think 1t
is a greater evil to have to
walk a few blocks to the
office than to have thousands
of people uprooted from their
homes so that suburbanites
can drive to work in splendid
isolation. John r. Waechter.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-11

The mice were sacrificed
over periods Of three to SO
days after the flights. Each
of the SO brains examined
had received an average of
about seven hits. Intensive
microscopic examination Of
these brains yielded no evil
dence whatsoever Of damage
attributable to cosmic radia-
ton.
Results of the Labrador tests
remain to be analysed but
it is believed they will show
no major differences from
those of the Minnesota mice.
The high altitude. however,
may result in some changes.
The average American
woman today can expect to
live five to seven years long
er than the average male.
This has been reported by
the Population Reference Bu-
reau here on the basis of lat
est statistics.
Normal life expectancy
from birth not only is consid-
erably greater for females
than males, but greater for
whites than for colored, both
male and female. The gap be-
tween the sexes now is getting
constantly bigger, the report
by DR.. Robert C. Cook, di-
rector of the bureau, points
out. There will be steadily
more and more widows in the
American population.
Fewer Pregnancy Deaths
complications of preg-
nancy" says the report, nov
cause fewer earlier deaths for
women. simultaneously there
are more deaths from acct
dents and from heart and
certain other diseases which
afflict more men than wom-
en-. The racial gap has been
narrowing as the application
of medical advances becomes
more widespread.
THE white girl baby born
today can expect to live "a
years and the white boy ST
years. The non-white girl can
expect Sc years Of life and
the non-white boy 81 years"
The country, says the re-
port, normally has more boys
than girls, but many more
elderly women than elderly
men. Comparable statistics
are not available for other
nations but apparently. says
the report, the trend is the
same throughout the western
world and probably in Rus
STA. 1t is hardly apparent as
yet among uncivilized peo-
pies.
But e world largely Of old
women still remains. Dr..
Cook says, far In the future.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-11

When President Kennedy
ordered the Army into OK
! ford to put an end to the
riots at "Ole Miss" an i'm
ponderable entered the polit-
ical situation for 1864, and to
a lesser degree by far for 1862.
1t is far too early to predict
the effect on President Ken
nedy's chance Of victory for
reelection in the States Of the
old Solid South. But one re-
suit seems certain: the re-
nomination of Vice President
Lyndon B. johnson Of Texas.
Such denomination may well
have occurred had there been
no "Ole Miss" riots. Now he
becomes the indispensable
man If Mr.. Kennedy Is to do
as well in the South-where
Kennedy collected 81 presi-
Dental electoral votes in 1860.
Indeed, 1t was the campaign
ing Of Mr.. johnson and his
presence on the ticket that
saved Texas and several other
Southern States for the
President in the election two
years ago. The most recent
Gallup poll on Mr.. Kennedy's
popularity, taken just before
the riots at "Ole Miss, I"
showed that he had lost 5
percentage points in his pop
ularity rating throughout the
country, and that most Of
the loss was attributable to
the sentiment expressed in
the South. Things were get
ting tense even then.
Earlier in the Kennedy
administration there were
rumors and reports that lib
erals among the Democrats
of the North would be pleased
to have Vice President john
son eliminated from the
party's national ticket in
1864. 1t was even intimated
that such action would please
the Kennedys. But nothing
the President has ever said
bore this out. He has used
the Vice President on many
important occasions. One Of
the most important was the
johnson trip to West Berlin
many months ago when the
morale of the West Berliners
was at a low ebb because they
feared the United States
might be pressured into let
ting them down.
Needs SOuth's MOderates
But today 1t Is imperative,
If President Kennedy is to
win the votes for reelection
in the Southern States, that
he gain and hold the support
of the so-called moderates on
the race question there. Vice
President johnson in any
mans language is committed
to a square deal for the Ne
groes and should be so recog-
nized. He can be a strong
voice again for President
Kennedy in the South. And
for that matter in the North.
Mr.. johnson will be in a pos
sition to rally the moderates
to the Kennedy banner, par
ticularly his own section Of
the country. And 1t seems ap-
parent that his leadership in
Texas-the most populous
State in the South with the
largest electoral vote-will be
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-11
THE POLITICAL MILL
Kennedy-Johnson Ticket in 1864
BY GOULD LINCOLN

further cemented In the No
vember elections.
Former Secretary Of the
Navy John B. Connally, jr.,
a close political and personal
friend Of the Vice President.
is an odds-on favorite to
win election as Governor Of
Texas. Mr.. Connally won the
Democratic nomination over
opposition of the liberal Var
borough faction of the party.
At the time, there was much
comment that If Mr.. Connal-
ly was defeated, 1t would be
a real blow to Mr.. Johnson's
prestige. A defeat for Mr..
Connally in the general cleo
ton would be an even more
severe blow. But 1t is not
in the cards. A late Belden
poll Of sentiment a ong
the voters in Texas gave
Mr.. Connally SO per cent,
Jack Cox, the Republican
candidate, % per cent, and
undecided 10. per cent. The
Bel6en polls have a reputa-
ton for accuracy in Texas
elections.
Conducts Strong Campaign
Already Vice President
johnson has been campaign
ing vigorously for the Demo-
cratic gubernatorial and con-
gressional candidates in this
years elections. He has been
in the Midwest and the Far
West. He has agreed to go
into New York to aid the
Democratic candidate for
Governor, Robert M. Nor
genthau. Speaking in New
York Tuesday night at the
annual dinner in honor Of
the memory Of the late Gov.
Alfred E. Smith-a nonpar-
tisan affair for raising funds
for charity - Mr.. johnson
expressed his own forceful
views on politicians who seek
to make religious bias and
race hatred issues In politi-
cal campaigns. "Only ex-
tremists want to nourish a
basic division in American
life. That is why no politi-
can can long succeed who
appeals for support on the
basis of selfishness, class
interest or hatred Of other
Americans because Of their
creed and color"
Up to date, there has been
little to indicate that the
"Ole Miss" riots and the
sending Of troops into Mis-
sissippi by the President will
have material effect In the
coming elections. Republic
can candidates for congress
sional seats in the South,
with few exceptions, believe
that Mississippi will not af-
feet their chances, one way
or another. Whether this
issue, if it is to be an issue,
will gain Democratic can
didates more votes IN North
ern States where there are
large Negro populations the
effect is not clear either.
The Negro vote in recent
years has been overwhelm-
ingly in the Democratic
camp. Neither the President
in his campaigning nor the
Republican leaders in theirs
have mentioned the troubles
at "Ole Miss"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-11
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Two Varieties of Sleep and Dreams
By THOMAS r. HENRY

There are two kinds . Of
sleep hind brain and fore
brain.
They are accompanied by
two kinds of dreaming. OF
one the dreamer has some
awareneSs Immediately on
waking. OF the other he is
unaware.
The two can be distin-
guished by eye movement OBJ
served during the dream.
This has Just been report
ed to the American Associa-
ton for the Advancement Of
Science here by Drs. Ralph
j. Berger and Ian Oswald Of
the psychomedicine depart
ment of the University Of
Edinburgh. TIL cir expert
ments were carried out under
an American grant.
Breakdown of Tests
Fast eye movements indi-
cate a forebrain active dream
and slow ones a hind brain
passive dream of which there
will be no recall.
zone of u.s." says the re-
port published by the aSso-
citation, awakened eight VOL
unteers from periods of rapid
eye movement 103 times dur
ing 81 nights. Dream recall
occurred in 80 instances.
Fifty dream reports were
classified as active and in AZ
of these cases the rapid eye
movements had been OBJ
served. Thirty nine were
classified as passive dreams
and the significant eye move
ments were lacking. The
Judgment was based on fire.
quency and size of the eye
movements throughout each
10 to 20 minute period prior
to the time the subjects were
awakened"
Brains of mice subjected to
intense cosmic ray lombard
ment in the stratosphere ap-
parently are unchanged.
This has been reported by
the United States Air Force
Ionospheric Physics Labora-
tory, based on exposures dur
ing high balloon flights in
Minnesota and Labrador.
The Minnesota tests, says
the report, were made by
carrying a total Of So mice.
Attitudes were maintained
between 10000 and 100000.
Each mouse was housed in a
separate fiber glass sphere.
The head of each animal
was maintained in a fixed
position so that its center
point was known. Thus 1t was
possible to calculate the
number of cosmic rays reach
ing the brains.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-11
Girls Princess Coats

Comp. Value 14.77. In a smart bas-
ket-weave of wool-and-nylon in lilac
only. Shawl overcollar may be re-
moved. Sizes 3-6X 40
in group. "
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-11
Reuther Asks $40 Top
u. s. Aid in Elections

cation into politics-and build
a stronger America. :.
"A voter who made an in
vestment, no matter how small.
in a Federal campaign, will
have a greater desire than ever
to take part in the political
process, to learn about the can
didate, to participate in the
campaign and to cast his vote
on election day."
Under Mr.. Reuther's plan
candidates and parties could
not incur campaign deficits,
borrowing money payable after
an election. It would mean an
end to 500 campaign dinners.
Cite $40 Limit
And it would mean, as some
of Mr.. Reuther's union men
pointed out privately, that
wealthy Joseph P. Kennedy
could contribute no more than
the $40 limit to his son, Presi-
dent Kennedy.
Under the plan a citizen, in
a presidential year, could con-
tribute up to $40 each to one
presidential candidate, con-
gressional candidate and sena-
torial candidate, and to either
the party of his choice or an
independent political commit
tee (uncommitted to any can
didate)-for a $40 maximum
total. OF this, $50 would be re-
turnable via the tax credit.
In congressional election
years, there would be an over
all $50 maximum, with up to
$40 each to a congressional
candidate, senatorial candidate,
and to a party or independent
committee.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-11


Union leader Walter P.
Reuther proposed yesterday
taking big money influence out
of American politics by setting
a $40 limit on contributions
and having the Government
kick in toward campaign costs,
In a program submitted in
behalf of the Auto Workers
labor union he heads Mr.. Reu-
ther also called for extending
free radio and television time
to qualified candidates for
Federal offices, free mailing
privileges, and a limited Fed
eral subsidy to supplement
campaign contributions.
Mr.. Reuther filed the plan
with the Commission on Cam
paign Costs established last
October by President Kennedy
who said then that large fl
nancial contributions of those
with special interests are
highly undesirable" The COM
mission is headed by Dean
Alexander Heard of the Uni
versity of North Carolina.
Would Get Credit
Under Mr.. Reuther's plan a
campaign donor would get 80
per cent of his contribution
back as a tax credit. If he
contributed the maximum $40
to a candidate for Congress,
for example, the income tax
withheld from his next pay
check would be reduced by SO.
Our proposal will not only
take corruption out of politics, I"
Mr.. Reuther said. 1T will put
citizen participation and dedi-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-11
THE !|; ;!3s; u
Thrift
SHORES

NATIONALLY FAMOUS
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COTTON KNlTWEAR!
Marked irregulars by the fam
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4. Crew Neck Pullover. If perfect, 1.19
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4. Vee-Neck Cardigan. If perfect, 199.
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8. Children's LOngies. In combed cotton,
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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-11

Comp. Values S.99-4.99. One-pc. ny
lon snow suits with knitted wristlets
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trimmed hood. Sizes n 90
2, 8 and in group. IT,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-11

S0ooo8oonNoH -
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Reductions in our own Winter stocks,
plus a special purchase Of
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Girl TOTS Flannel Coats
Comp. Value 9.97. OF imported Ital-
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Removable white collar. Hat includ-
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Girls Princess Goals
Comp. Value 14.77. In a smart bas-
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only. Shawl overcollar may be re-
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Tots Washable Toppers
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Boy Tots Eion Suits
Comp. Value 3.97. OF linen-look
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Children'S Car Coats
Hooded, quilt-lined cotton car coats
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Long zippered front. Orion acrylic
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Comp. Values 3.99-4.99. One-pc. ny
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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-11
Children'S Car Coats

Hooded, OUTLINED cotton car coats
in styles for both girls and boys.
Long zippered front. Orion acrylic
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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-11
Boy Tots Elon Suits

Comp. Value 3.97. OF linen-look
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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-11
Tots Washable Toppers

OF Orion acrylic fibers or nylon-
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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-11
CHILDREN'S OUTER.
WEAR FOR NOW AND
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Reductions in our own Winter stocks,
plus a special purchase Of
new Spring coats.


Comp. Value 9.97. OF imported Ital-
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Removable white collar. Hat includ-
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in group. Navy only.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-19

-AAA @APkSA RAN~7CAb 81 dAc
which the State loses one Of
three House seats in January.
Mr.. Tupper's margin was
roughly 5 to 3 in yesterdays
primaries.
He will compete in Novem-
Der against former State Rep
resentative Thomas l. May
nard, who beat school principal
Clyde Bartlett 2 to 5 for the
Democratic nomination.
DoIloff Wins
In the only other major
contest Maynard c. Dolloff won
the Democratic nomination for
Governor with q razor-edge de-
cision over National Committee
man Richard j. Dubord.
Mr.. Dubord didn't concede,
on the basis of unofficial re-
turns, saying he wants to see
the official tabulation, avail
able in about two weeks, before
making any statement.
Mr.. Dolloff, former State
Grange master, will contest re-
election Of Republican Gov.
John H. Reed, who was unop-
posed yesterday.
In 627 Of the States 631
precincts, Mr.. Dolloff had 49,
2S6 votes and Mr.. Dubord
1887.
The missing precincts are
tiny. with only 10 enrolled
Democrats among them.
The virtually complete 1st
district vote gave Mr.. Upper
IS, 242, Mr.. Garland 1886, Mr..
Maynard 1913, and Mr.. Bart
lett 5,733.
Garland Comedies
Conceding defeat for a second
term, Mr.. Garland called on
Republicans to close ranks be-
hind Mr.. Upper. who also Is
a House freshman.
Mr.. Upper, a 41-year-old
lawyer from Farmingdale, asked
November support from voters
who want prudent and pro-
gressive legislation" He at
tributed his victory over Mr..
Garland to my basic principles
and political PHILOSOPHERS of a
moderate liberal approach"
Like Gov. Reed, the I'd dis
trict congressional candidates
Representative McIntire, Re-
publican, and william D. Hath
away. Democrat-had no OPP
position in the primaries. Mr..
McIntire has represented the
present Sd district for five
terms.
PORTLAND. Me-. June 10
(AP) Names voters have APP
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-19
Shell Endorses Nixon;
Gets No Commitments

the @. o. P. delegates to the
1854 Republican convention.
The second: A Nixon pledge
to cut 5000 million from the
next State budget.
Mr.. Shell said that he pre-
sented his views" on these
subjects to Nixon at the meet
ing last night, but he added:
There were no requests made
or any offers rendered or re-
ceived by Mr.. Nixon or myself. ]"
Mr.. Nixon had said earlier
that he wouldn't make a DEAF
with Mr.. Shell--although MIR.
Nixon obviously needs the votes
of the 35 per cent of the Re-
publicans who cast ballots for
Mr.. Shell. In November Mr..
Nixon will face Democratic Gov.
Edmund c. (Patl Brown in
a predominantly Democratic
State.