davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-23
Transit Appraisal

A recent minority report
on the Urban Mass Trans
portation bill saying that
when a mass transit sys-
tenn Cd. C. Transit) gives the
people what they want,
private enterprise can OPP
crate and improve its system
completely out Of the fare
box and in addition make a
modest profit" is true enough
in this particular situation,
but unfortunately Is only
half the story.
Capital Transit Co., from
1866, paid over $40 million
in gross receipts tax, gaso-
line tax, bus mileage tax, real
estate and other miscellaneous
taxes. Before the transit
strike in 1854, the Commits
sioners even refused to rec
ommend elimination Of the
gross receipts tax $500, 000),
which would have given the
company a little margin for
bargaining. D. c. Transit
pays none Of these taxes.
Besides tax exemptions,
D. C. Transit now receives a
direct subsidy from the tax
payers under the profit
guarantee arrangement re-
Gently enacted under the
guise Of IRE equation Of
Fares for the Transportation
of School children in the
District of Columbia" so
that the transit profits are
no longer completely out of
the fare box. In order to
make possible an adequate"
return in view of an antici-
pated increase in the cost Of
operation, the company is
guaranteed the percentage
return on operating expenses
plus income taxes established
in the last rate case. The
current return on such eX-
penses is SIT per cent (4.92
per cent on gross operating
revenues after taxes).
The news that the net
income of D. c. Transit for
the first four months is off
and that the operating ex-
penses have increased is OBJ
viouSly not causing any loss
of sleep on the part of the
management, because the
company's guaranteed in
come is now directly pro-
portional to it's operating
expenses. The more expense,
the more income.
Under the new formula,
continuation of the annual
dividend of 100 per cent of
the capital stock investment
($500,00O appears to be as
Sured.
A curious thing about the
working of our public utility
holding company act of 1885
is that the ownership of
Capital Transit by the North
American Co., with its geo.
graphically separated sys-
TENS and conservative divi-
dend policy, was held to be
illegal, while that of D. c.
Transit by absentee owner
Trans Caribbean Always
with its geographically sepa-
rated systems and liberal
dividend policy, has never
been questioned.
The country needs to boil
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-23
THE AMERICAN COLLEGE
AND UNIVERSITY. a His

THE AMERICAN COLLEGE
AND UNIVERSITY, a His
tory by Frederick Rudolph.
SIC PIP. (CKnopf Publica-
lions in Education, Law
renee A. Cremin. Consult
ing Editor.) Alfred A.
Knopf, $6.75.
college administration Is
a business in which trustees
are partners, professors the
statesmen and students the
customers" This thoroughly
modern-and just as thor
oughly Embellishments
came from the mouth of
Francis L. Patton in 1888,
and the occasion was the
good doctors Inauguration as
president of Princeton. Yet
today, Princeton is one Of the
few American institutions Of
higher learning where one
can be sure that statements
like that are not made.
1.-THE American College and
University" by Frederick Ru-
dolph, q professor of history
at williams College, goes far
beyond President Patton and
Princeton. 1t is no less than
a general summary Of the
history Of higher education
in the United States. At first,
one might consider this a
handy subject for a single
volume. Not so. The topic is
vast and complex. Some 500
pages are sufficient for only
a very broad outline of the
main trends. Professor Ru-
dolph's outline is cogent and
well written, and there is
good reason to be grateful to
him for a fine survey of a
relatively neglected subject.
In the beginning, there was
Harvard, founded in 1886.
Early Harvard, like all colo
NAL colleges, bore remark
ably little resemblance to
modern institutions. OF
course its purpose was to
serve the sons of the aris-
tocracy. But nothing could
have been further from it's
aims and thoughts than that
combination of qualities now
summarized by the catch
phrase, intellectual excel
lence."
GEORGE III put it we'll.
The function of the colleges,
he said. was ito guard against
Total Ignorance to in
still just principles of
Religion, Loyalty and a Love
of Our Excellent Constitu-
ton"
But in America, there were
many ideas of what con-
stituted "just principles of
Religion" and the tendency
with which we are still af-
flicted to support a vast num-
Der of Intellectual, little COL
leges can in large measure
be traced back to the desire
of each and every sect to
instill its own "just princi-
pies" in its own youth. For
this and other important
reasons the anti-intellectual
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-23
PARIS

PARIS
As might have been ex-
pected, the resignation Of
Supreme Allied Commander
Lauris Norstad has set off
a storm of confused specu-
lation in Europe about pos
sible changes In basic Amer
lean policy toward NATO.
The speculation is famed
by equally confused talk Of
a rift between Gen. Norstad
and President Kennedy. It
is based on little more than
the generals admission in
his letter Of resignation that
his reasons for leaving were
rather involved" and his
subsequent silence. But it
has not been dispelled by the
tributes which have been
pouring in, some Of them
from men-such as French
President de Gaulle - with
whom the general has been
feuding more or less pub
lcly for years.
The guesswork as to what
this rift may amount to
covers a wide range Of improb-
abilities. To some, it appears
that Gen. Norstad is resign
ing in protest over plans to
cooperate in building an
independent European nu-
clear deterrent. To others, it
is exactly the other way
around.
At the very least, the change
is being interpreted as the end
of an era and of many of
the comfortable assumptions
on which NATO has been
built. At the worst, it is taken
as the first step toward
American military diSengage-
ment in Western Europe
step for which a great ma
jority of Europeans are
woefully unprepared.
Their Own Fault
All this, no doubt, is highly
exaggerated and distressing
to leaders of the Kennedy
administration. 1t is also
very largely their own fault.
Admitting that nuclear
strategy is a touchy and highly
complicated subject, the I'M
happy fact remains that no
one has done more to add to
the general confusion on this
subject than the administra-
ton leaders themselves.
The confusion applies with
special force when it comes
to American nuclear policy
for NATO. Whether the all
lance as such should have a
nuclear role to play, what
this role should be and how it
can be controlled and CO.
ordinated with the nuclear
forces of the United States
are questions to which the
administration is obviously
devoting a great deal Of Seri-
GUS thought these days. But
If any clear answers have
emerged, they have not been
reflected in recent high
level utterances beamed this
way from Washington.
Gen. Norstad's position on
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-23
WATCHING THE WORLD
By CROSBY S. MOVES
U.S.. Needs to Clarity NucIeur Views
Foreign Correspondent Of The Stor

these questions has at least
had the virtue Of being I'M
derstandable. His concern
has been with the existing
military and political needs
of the alliance. He was one
of the first to argue the ne
cessity for a NATO nuclear
force free of exclusive Ameri-
can control. And he also has
pleaded fervently for an in
crease in NATO's conven-
tional strength. which in a
crisis would provide a tenn
porary alternative between
defeat and about nuclear
war.
Whether these policies will
survive Gen. Norstad's de-
parture. however, Is very
much in question. Particu-
larry in the matter Of nuclear
policy, recent statements Of
Defense Secretary Mcnamara
have raised doubts in Europe
as to the intentions Of the
administration. And these
doubts have not been resolved
by the contradictory state
ments from Secretary OF
State Rusk or subsequent
Celebrations by Mcnamara
himself.
De-emphaSis Feared
So far as most Europeans
are concerned, the general
import of the administration
line is to de-emphasize the
importance of NATO'S nu-
clear role in favor of a build
up of its purely conventional
force. The idea of the original
"Norstad Plan" for a strong
land-baSed force Of inter-
mediate-range missiles in
Europe has apparently been
strapped. Today, there is
speculation that tactical
nuclear weapons already as
signed to NATO forces may
be withdrawn and the nu-
clear defense of Western
Europe will be concentrated
in the fleet of Polaris armed
submarines under exclusive
American control.
From these conclusions,
unfortunately, it is a short
step to the suspicion that
the administration is also re-
vising its basic commitment to
defend Europe with nuclear
weapons commitment on
which all NATO strategy has
been based from the begin
ming. In France, this suspicion
will be taken as justification
for an independent nuclear
deterrent which Gen. de
Gaulle considers essential to
the security of Western Eu-
rope.
This reaction, no doubt. is
the last that administration
leaders in Washington had
hoped for. 1t may well be
based on a number Of totally
false assumptions about
American plans. But If it is
to be avoided, the current
confusion must be cleared up.
And for this a clear new state
ment Of American policy is
urgently needed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-23
VerndcuIor Mass

on Catholic Church language
surprisingly omitted any ref
erence to the official position
and function of Archbishop
Dino Staffa, who recently Wis
tied this country. Then Mr..
Groak takes The Star to task
for being pro-Latinist.
Archbishop Staffa is a
member of the Consistorial
Congregation in the Roman
Curia. 1t is one Of the duties
Of this congregation to carry
on and enforce the rulings Of
the Council of Trent pertain
ing to the curriculum Of mi
nor and major seminary
studies for the training of
Roman Catholic priests
throughout the world. The
Star contained an adequate
mention of this function on
July 10.
A professor accompanying
Archbishop Staffa pointed
out that there has been a
tendency in the past 80 years
to depart at times from the
Latin texts in theology
classes, and lecture in English
or other national languages.
In cooperation with the
Bishops, the ConsiStorial au-
thorities in Rome are simply
attempting to uphold the
high standards of Roman
Catholic clerical education in
the Latin rite laid down by the
counter-reformation which
was done at Trent four CEN
turtles ago. This will in no way
take away from the present
trend of permitting the lay
man wider use of his native
language in divine service.
Keep an eye and ear on the
coming Ecumenical Council
and you will find a further
advance in liberal use of the
vernacular for laymen.
Walter j. Shank.
The desire of many Cath
olicS to have a vernacular
mass is nothing new; consid-
cradle discussion has been
given the matter; the article
in Jubilee's January issue is
only one of many articles
published recently on this
topic. a. ii
The fact remains, however,
that the proclamation by
Pope John XIII, "Veterum
Sapientia," is the latest and
only official proclamation by
the Vatican on this matter in
recent years. The tone of this
constitution is unmistakable:
not only is Latin in the SEM
inaries to be intensified but
the use of Latin in services
other than the mass is to be
increased. While many talk of
the changes that will be made
as a result of the coming ecu
menical, it is foolish to be-
lieve that the council will re-
verse a stand taken by the
Holy Father only this year.
E. T. Groak is incorrect
when he states in his letter
that The Stars view of the
Latin vernacular controversy
is overly conservative. The
Star has merely been pre-
senting the position which
the Pope himself has taken.
M. O'TOOle.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-23

the First Amendment is in
direct contradiction to what
the amendment meant to
its authors.
On the very day (Sept. "a,
1880 that the House rec
commended the First Amend
ment to the States, it also
urged the President to
recommend to the people Of
the United States a day Of
public Thanksgiving and
prayer to be observed by
acknowledging with CRATE
full hearts. the many signal
favors Of Almighty God, es-
pecially by affording them
an opportunity to establish
a Constitution of government
for their safety and happi-
ness"
The First Congress au-
thorized the expenditure Of
public money for the serv-.
ices Of chaplains in the two
Houses, a practice which has
continued without deviation.
James Madison, the one man
who had the most to do with
the drafting of the First
Amendment, was a member
of the congressional commit
tee which planned the chap
lain system for Congress. The
First Congress also provided
for chaplainS in the Army
and this recognition and sup
port of religion has been reg
ularly extended. and multi
piled by every Congress fol-
lowing. The policy Of sup
porting religious education
among the Indians was also
inaugurated by the First
Congress at Washington's
recommendation. Subsequent
Congresses continued this
policy and for over 100 years,
Protestant ministers and
Catholic priests and nuns
were paid by the Govern
ment to bring religion to the
Indians.
In view Of erroneous claims
made in regard to Thomas
Jefferson's position concern
ing the First Amendment, it
is interesting to recall one of
Jefferson's actions which is
a complete rebuttal of the
allegations of the Supreme
Court. On October 81, 1903,
President Jefferson submitted
to the Senate a treaty con-
cluded with the Kaskaskia
Indians dwelling in the
Northwest Territory. The
treaty contained the pas
sage: "And whereas the
greater part of said tribe
have been baptized and re-
ceived into the Catholic
church, to which they are
much attached, the United
States will give annually, for
seven years one hundred dol
lars toward the support of a
priest Of that religion, who
will engage to perform for
said tribe the duties of his
office, and also to instruct
as many of their children as
possible, in the rudiments of
literature. and the United
States will further give the
sum of three hundred dol
lars, to assist the said tribe
in the erection of a church. +"
Funds from the public treas
ury for the support of q
Catholic priest who would
perform the duties of his
office" Chat is, celebrate
mass, administer the sacra-
ments, etc., as well as edu-
cate the young. and for the
erection of a Catholic church
hardly conform to what we
are today told about Jeffer-
sons wall of separation be-
tween church and state"
Where has this alleged
constitutional principle OF
absolute church-state sep
aration come from? In his
opinion in Zorach v. Clauson
Q952), Justice Jackson made
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-23

Pen names may be used If
letters carry tDriterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
tiers are subject to condenSd-
ton. Those not used tDilI be
returned only lUhen accom-
panied By self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-23
"A Study in NeqIect'

Alfred S. Trask
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1962-07-13

SchmitZ, of Sachsenhausen; and
Kurt Uhlenbroock, of Auschwitz.
Many big-time Nazis, Robinson
reports, are hiding abroad. They
include, he said:
Fritz Suhren, former command
ant of Sachsenhausen and Ravens
brueck, who escaped from deten-
ton.
: DIR. Joseph Mengele, notorious
AuSchwitz doctor, who lived for a
long time under his own name in
Argentina and is now hiding some
where in Latin America.
DR.. Robert Schumann, response
BILE for steriliZations in Auschwitz,
now chief medical officer in
Ghana.
Prof. Horst Schumann, also re-
sponsible for sterilizations in
AuSchwitz and Ravensbrueck.
HANS EISELE, of Dachau, ap-
parently in Egypt with other Nazis.
Karl Klingenfuss, former Nazi
Foreign Office official.
Siegfried Uiberreither, gauleiter
of Syria, believed to be in South
America.
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1962-07-13
Officers Installed
Bv Hur Zion
Congregation

On Saturday evening, June 16, at
the synagogue, A w. First ST.,
ScottSdale, Rabbi Maurice A. Lazo-
wick installed the following officers
of Har Zion Congregation: William
Greiff, president Nanny Goldie,
vice president; Fred Sohn, treas
urer; Jay Dushoff, secretary.
The following board members
were installed: Norman Fink, Hell
en- Marshak, Leonard Singer, Al
bert Perlman, Harry Michaelson,
Sol Kotz, Jack Sheinbein, Elliot
AXel, Henry Salmon, Herbert
Danz, Henry Kane, and David
Beitman.
EX-officio trustees are Shell Gay
lor, president of the Mems Club,
and Mrs. d. Beitman, president OF
Sisterhood.
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1962-07-13
Six Eichmunn Cohorts Face
Trial; Other Nozis Probed

vengeance, and are not victor
trials, they are conducted by the
Germans themselves, Robinson
notes, adding that Western Ger
many has. come to the conclusion
that the existence of large num-
bers of 'murderers among us is
detrimental to good government
and the development of democ-
racy."
A parallel action on a smaller
scale has started in Austria, the
VIC leader reports.
Other Eichmann collaborators,
including Alois Brunner, are in
hiding and some, including the
brothers Hans and Rolf Guenther
and Ernst Moss, are missing. The
fate of the majority of Eichmann's S
aides is unknown. Brunner was
Eichmann'S representative in
Greece, France and Slovakia; the
Guenther brothers were on Eich-
mann's staff in Prague.
ROBINSON names other big-time
NaziS either under investigation or
facing trial:
Nazi Maj. Gen. Wilhelm Hoppe,
who made most of Poland "juden-
rein. Hoppe lived for many years
under an assumed name as a di-
rector of a chocolate factory and
was arrested only recently.
NaZi Maj. Gen. Karl Wolff, chief
of staff to Himmler and later SUI
preme SIS and Police Chief in
Italy, who arranged daily ship
ment of 5000 Jews to Treblinka
death camp.
1t. Col. Wilhelm Hahn, Warsaw
district security police command
er, who "prospered after the war"
and was arrested in Hamburg.
Heinz AuerSwald, Warsaw Ghetto
commissioner, who returned to his
law practice after the war.
Richard Baer, the last command
ant of AuSchwitZ, and Robert Null
ka, adjutant for AuSchwitz' infam-
Gus commander, Rudolf HoesS, who
was executed in Poland
Erich Neumann, chief of the Nazi
security police in Holland and Bel
gium.
Himmler'S chief adjutant, SIS.
Gen. Werner Won AlvenSleben-
Gustav Richter, Jewish expert
for Rumania.
A NUMBER OF doctors who per-
formed So-called medical expert
ments on Nazi victims and select
ed candidates for the gas cham
bers have also been arrested, in
Otto Adams, of Buchen-
valid and Sachsenhausen; Otto
Haupt, of Stutthof; Heinrich Rind-
Of Maidanek; Emil
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1962-07-13
z Million Jews
In Israel Now

NEW YORK = The 2-millionth
Jewish citizen of Israel arrived in
the country last month, and the
Jewish population has thus been
trebled since the states birth.
This was revealed by Prof. Rob
erto Bachi, director of the Gov
ernment Central Bureau of Statis-
tics, at press conference.
The population on May %, 1861.
was 2,179, ,491, Bachi said-1 ,932 1857
Jews, 170,8S0 MoslemS, 5O,543
Christians, 24,2S2 Druzes and 1,479
others. Jews made up SO per cent
of the total.
At the end of March 1862 the
population, including Arabs and
DruzeS, was 2,260,700.
Bachi said the non-Jewish popu-
lation has increased by SO per cent
in little over a decade. One of
every five children in Israel is
non-JewiSh, he said.
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1962-07-13
JTA News In Brief

zAGREB Yugosavia-A monument to the the
Jews of this town who murdered Nazs unveiled
here The inscription the memorial states that the
been tortured by the Fascist Amaeites."
ues OF British Jews warned that the problem Jewish
ton into France from Algeria other North African
ust be regarded most serious question every
pOint-reIef, welfare, religious cultural"
NEW YORK-Approximaey has been contributed by
the National Foundation of Temple Ssterhoods
throughout the country to enable
10 and IL to participate leadership institutes
and regional conclaves by the National
Temple Youth.
TEL AVIV-A Hreeman delegation the
diamond industry
Israeli diamond industry especially used for polishing
diamonds for the jewel
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1962-07-13

Gottlieb C. Simon, son of Mr..
and Mrs. Louis Simon of TIT w.
Lewis, is among the 81 American
students who are en- route to ISra-
Ell to spend a year of study at the
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
under the American Student Pro-
gram.
The American Friends of the He
brew University sponsors the pro-
gram. Simon is a student at the
University of California.
The 1962-63 progra is the
largest in the eight-year history
of this educational undertaking.
The 81 students come from 3S col
leges and universities throughout
America. They represent IT states.
with 2 students from Canada.
The 26 young men and 35 young
women were selected by the Amer
lean Student Program Committee
of the American Friends of the
Hebrew University, under the
Craftsmanship of Prof. Oscar 1.
Janowsky. The program has the
cooperation of the Jewish Agency
Tor Israel and of Israeli cultural
representatives. 1t is designed to
enable American students to sa-
vor Israels culture at first hand
and to contribute to a better un-
derstanding in Israel of American
and American Jewish ideals and
institutions.
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1962-07-13
Dr.. Nussboum
ZOA President

WASHINGTON - DR.. Max Nuss-
baum of Hollywood, veteran Zion
iSt leader and Rabbi of Temple
Israel of Hollywood, was elected
president of the Zionist Organiza-
ton of America at the closing ses-
sion of its 65th annual convention
at the Hotel Willard. He succeeds
Max BreSSler of Chicago.
The new president during the
past two years served as chair
man of the National Executive
Council of the ZOA, ruling body of
the organization between conven-
tons.
He is the author of a number
of works on philosophy, Zionism
and Jewish literature.
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1962-07-13
Brandeis To Train

WALTHAM, MASS. - Brandeis
University will begin a program in
September to train social workers
for leading roles in community
mental health planning.
The program, underwritten by
annual grants of $34, 900 from the
National Institutes of Health, will
be conducted by faculty of the
Florence Heller Graduate School
for Advanced Studies in Social
Welfare.
Under the grant, five social
workers will be selected annually
for two years of graduate training
that will emphasize research and
planning in the prevention of such
community problems as juvenile
delinquency and drug addiction.
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1962-07-13

NEW YORK-In addition to ex-
Nazi Col Otto Hunsche on trial in
Frankfurt, justice is catching up
with another five Eichmann collab-
orators, according to report pre-
pared by the World Jewish Con-
greSS.
About to be tried or under in
vestigation are Eichmann's trans
-portation. chief, ex-Nazi 1t. Franz
Novak, who, with Franz Slavik, of
Eichmann'S unit in Hungary, has
been arrested in Austria; Hermann
Krumey, deputy chief of Eich-
mann's Commando, Wilhelm Zopf,
and Erich Doehner of Eichmann' S
office in The Hague, Holland. ALI
the last-named NaZis are under
arrest in Germany.
ALSO UNDER arrest in Ger
many is Harry Wentritt, inventor
of the mobile gas murder vans
which preceded the gas chambers.
The report on the prosecution of
Nazi criminals was prepared for
the executive of the World Jewish
Congress by DR.. Nehemiah Robin
son of New York, director of the
organization's Institute of Jewish
Affairs.
Several hundred other Nazis are
under investigation in connection
with wartime crimes, and Robin
son notes that "such an effort
would not have been undertaken
if there were not large numbers
of important (NazD criminals un-
punished"
THE TRACKING down and trials
of these Nazis are mot based on
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1962-07-13
Two Have Ports
In Alice PIoy

Appearing in a forthcoming
Children's Theatre production,
Alice in Wonderland" will be
Paul Feiler, son of Mr.. and Mrs.
Benjamin Feiler of 1901 N. 18th
Ave, and Clifford Spiegel, son of
Mr.. and Mrs. William Spiegel,
1108 w. Campbell. Pauf viii ap-
pear as the Mock Turtle, and Cliff
ford has the role of the King.
The production will open July 1S
and run for two consecutive week
ends at the Children's Theatre,
10th st. and E. Sheridan