davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-08

government is the Rastafarian
sect. There are thousands OF
RaStafarians, but they are q
diSorganized minority. One
leader who ran against a white
man in elections drew less than
100 votes. Some thrive on Mari
huana- inspired violence. Others
are peaceful; they preach love
and kindnesS-but with a cold
unsmiling sales pitch.
The roots of the movement
are in Ethiopia. One of the
members. who said he use tC
be known as John Burns, is
now called a High One in the
RaStafarians.
Were getting independence
from nothing" is his view. "SC
long as there is no equality anc
there are many poor, no nation
can honestly speak Of indie.
pendence, more so if they are
as small as we are"
His views were backed by g
handful Of companions, al
wispily bearded. wearing only
shorts, mostly shoeless and un'
kempt.
It's a long way from the
High One to Sir William Alex.
ander Bustamante.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-08
GouIart Urged
To End Crisis

RIO DE JANEIRO, July z
(AP).-Powerful pressure was
imposed on Brazil's quarreling
political leaders today to settle
the political crisis that has
rocked the nation for II days.
Newspapers of all political
compilations warned President
Joao Goulart and the leaders
Of the opposition conservatives
to make peace for the good of
the nation.
A m e m b er of the Goulart
cabinet said military leaders,
who met in urgent session yes
terday, had suggested to the
president that he take all pos
sible steps to resolve the crisis
within "a hours"
What concerned the press
and the military leaders was
this weeks food riots that took
10 lives. Anti Communist poll
ticianS were not alone in ac-
cusing leftistS and Commu-
nists Of setting off the rioting
while the political dispute was
at its height.
There is no food shortage,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-08

councils in the long history OF
the church were held not al
the Vatican but in various
cities.
Pope John has set as an i'm
mediate goal an internal re-
newal Of Catholicism and @
spiritual rehabilitation of its
approximately 500 millio n
members.
The Pope has emphasized
that the unity he has in mind
is not a confederation of Ro-
man Catholic, Protestant and
Orthodox churches but a re-
turn of Protestants and the
Orthodox to Rome.
Pope John has signified that
he expects the renewed Cath
Ollie church emerging from the
council to serve in itself as the
invitation attracting Protes-
tantism and Orthodoxy to "re-
turn not to the home Of 9
stranger but to your own, to the
fathers house which belongs
! to us ALL"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-08
Is, 700 Austria Doctors
To Strike for Fee Boost

resign and call for new parlia-
mentary elections. -
The doctors strike movement
originated in Vienna after the
insurance fund turned down
the demand to raise doctors
fees by IS per cent uner q new
contract.
Doctors throughout the prov
inces decided to join the strike
in support of their Viennese
colleagues. D.
The doctors said a physician
still gets only 6.82 schillings
(about Is cents) from the fund
for a call on a patient. =
$500 Under Contract
The average monthly income,
Of a medical practitioner was
estimated at 10000 schillings
($400) under the old contract.
The fund has some $500 doc
tors under contract to give free
services to the insured. Because
doctors in Vienna do not now.
have a contract, patients must
pay doctors in cash and then
try to get their money back
from the fund. The doctors
have increased their fees and
the patients have a chance Of
getting only part Of their bill
reimbursed. -
The strike, announcement
brought a wave Of protests from
trade unions. A union spokes-
man called the strike a viola
ton of public duties"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-08
AP World Spotlight: Behind the News

tie sport. but chess is winning
converts.
Sandal-shod visitors from
behind the Iron Curtain are
commonplace. Bootblacks have
learned that Czechs are more
generous than MuscoviteS.
The red flag, with gold ham
mer and sickle, shares the
breeze with the Cuban ensign.
From a pier in the bay the
legend peace and friendship, +"
in Russian letters. greets Soviet
sailors. Above it, in Spanish,
appears "Fidel-Khrushchev."
1t is 212 years since Russia
and Cuba made a 12-year
credit agreement. promising
the Castro regime 500 million
in machinery and equipment.
Mr.. Mikoyan promised Rus
STA would take a million tons
of Cuban sugar a year for five
years-at world market prices.
Until then the United States
was buying around million
tons a year and paying a
premium.
Trade With Russia
RusSian-Cuban trade this
year is set at $50 million pesos.
CThe peso officially is equiva-
lent to 81, but it's actual worth
in free exchanges is much lessO
The government says the
Russians will take 2.8 million
tons of sugar this year, at an
undisclosed price.
In 1858 when Mr.. Castro was
bringing to a close his campaign
against Dictator Fulgencio
Batista. only 2.6 per cent of
Cuba's exports went behind the
Iron Curtain. This figure has
risen to more than 80 per cent.
Approximately the same pro-
portion of the islands total
imports also halls from Com
munist nations. ...
Outside these cold figures
lies the technical training and
cultural exchange program.
Educational Exchange
More than 900 peasant youths
returned from Russia this
spring. after a one-year stay at
different agricultural techno-
logical centers.
Another $500 young Cubans
are studying in universities in
the Soviet Union. Still others
are in Poland, East Germany
and other Communist coun-
tries.
An undetermined number of
Russian, Czech, Chinese and
Polish technicians are working
in Cuba. Their projects range
from educational assistance to
vague, underlined advisory posts
in several ministries.
Soviet technicians are here
as agriculture advisers, but
their knowledge of tropical
farming is so limited that their
usefulness is doubtful.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-08

but the government in its fight
against initiation has imposed
price controls. Storekeepers
have been holding back food
supplies hoping to force price
increases.
In a statement, Mr.. Goulart
himself appealed to political
leaders to find a solution, say
ing "the suffering Of the peo-
pie" could drive them Ito des-
peration and the unforesee-
able" al
The political crisis arose
from what appeared to be q
routine resignation last month
of Prime Minister Tancredo
Neves to run for reelection to
Parliament.
The conservatives dominat-
ing parliament refused to APP
prove Mr.. Goulart's first choice
as a successor. Foreign Minis
ter Francisco San Tiagos Dam
tas of the presidents own labor
party.
Auro de Moura Andrade, -
conservative leader in the Sem
ate, then was approved as
prime minister but quit after
SO hours in a dispute with Mr..
Goulart. He said the dispute
was over his choices for mill
tary posts in the cabinet and
warned the crisis could lead
Ito the destruction of democ-
racy in our country"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-08

lolic hierarchy before the
throne of Pope John XIII.
There is much hope that
Christian unity lies beyond the
doors where 5000 prelateS and
theologians gather October II
for possibly six months of dis
cusSions and decisions in the
largest Roman Catholic meet
ing of all time.
Ecumenism-the movement
in Christian churches toward
rapport and eventual union
is bound to the aims Of the
council but is not the councils
chief reason for existence.
The gathering-to be known
as the Second Vatican Council
will be a council of discipline
for the internal church. The
first Vatican Ecumenical Coun-
Gil Q869-70 was essentially q
council of dogma at which q
long-held belief in papal infal-
libility on matters of faith and
morals was proclaimed a tenet
The 10 earlier ecumenical
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-08

VIENNA, July z (AP).-
Austria's 1900 doctors will &C
on q nationwide strike Mon.
day in q demand for an in
crease of fees from the sick
ness compensation funds, q
government-controlled health
insurance pool compulsory fol-
all workers and employees.
Only emergency teams will
remain on duty in hospitals
and first-aid stations during
the 24-hour walkout.
The strike, called by the
Austrian Chamber Of Doctors,
comes at the height of a major
domestic crisis which erupted
last week in a series of strike
threats from the country's
$4,000 postal employees and
$4,000 police and gendarmes.
The postal employees demanded
a substantial service bonus, the
policemen an increase Of sal
aries.
The postal strike, called dur
ing the absence Of Chancellor
Alfons Gorbach in Moscow, was
averted in a laSt-minute COM
promise which led to a split in
the government coalition.
Doctors Plea Refused
The government is expected
to decide early next week
whether it can cope with the
situation or whether it should
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-08
DATELINE VATICAN CITY
Renewal Is Theme
OF Church Council
By BENNETT M. BOLTON
Associated Press staff Writer

VATICAN CITY, July t.
The tiny papal state is under
going a securing and cleansing
as never before.
The sampietrini-the Vati-
cans nimble, wall-scaling
workmen are visible every
where cleaning and polishing
Weeks of toll have given a
cleaning new face of bronze
to the massive 30-foot central
doors of st. Peters Basilica.
All the renovating is in an
ticipation of the Ecumenical
Council Of the Roman Catho-
lie Church, the first in 80
years.
Renewal also is the theme of
the council itself, a worldwide
gathering of the Roman Cath
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-08

into the Organization of Amer
lean States, the British Com
monwealth-and the United
Nations.
A month or so ago Sir Will
liam forbade Russian sailors to
come ashore when two Russian
ships put in at Kingston. The
premier says Moscow may be
mad at him over that. Maybe
they will even veto Jamaica's
entry into the U. N.
II don't care what they do"
he says. I've done it and I'd
do it again.
I'VE are pro-American. If by
being pro-American, we are
vetoed, that's our decision. We
will accept it,.
"We are anti Communist be-
cause we are. II the United
States were pro-Communnist,
we would still be anti-Com-
munist."
Economic Growth Noted
Sir William, who has a ruddy
tan complexion, was born in
Jamaica rs years ago to an
Irish father and a mother who
was mostly Arawak Indian. He
is premier Of the colony, and
will be premier Of the nation,
as a result Of his party's VIC
tory in last April's elections.
His domain has 1.6 million
people. mostly black, in an area
mailer than Connecticut.
About Is per cent of the work
ers are unemployed, but eco
nomic growth is keeping ahead
of population.
A bank survey says the adj
vance of Jamaic's economy in
the last decade has been ex-
ceeded only in Japan and
Puerto Rico. Exports brought
some $170 million last year, but
heavy imports Of essentials left
an unfavorable trade gap Of $13
million. The figures, however,
do not include tourism, which
is reckoned to produce $50 mil
lion q year.
The main exports are alumni
hum ore and sugar. Jamaica
rum Is drunk around the world,
and its cigars are becoming
better known as the cuban
supply dwindles.
Feelings Are Mixed
Jamicans seem of mixed feel
lngs about their independence.
They will live it up next month.
when Princess Margaret comes
here to touch off celebrations.
But there are SOLDERING thoughts
about going on their own.
Doreen Darby, 81, a natural
sciences student at the Uni
versity Of the West Indies, be-
lieves independence could have
waited few more years.
THE country lacks The tech
nical skills required for indie
pendence." she asserts.
Vincent Barronnette, an eco
Monies major. considers ia
maicans politically mature
enough to guide their destinies"
but says:
We'll have to depend a lot
on foreign investment and
help"
One social problem for the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-08
DATELINE HAVANA
Russia Extends
Influence in Cuba
BY GEORGE ARFELD
Associated Press Staff Writer

HAVANA, July 7.-Olive-
green Russian trucks move
down the broad, sun-soaked
streets of Havana. along with
1860 American cars.
The Coca-Cola dispensed at
the Yuri Gagarian Cafeteria is
an imitation product.
Russian movies share double
bills with aging Hollywood pro-
auctions.
The Russian influence is evil
dent in Havana, but the casual
visitor might believe he was in
some Western city where the
clock stopped months ago.
Baseball is still Cuba's favor
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-08
Jomoico Is Next
Country Slated
For Freedom
Premier Bustomonte Pledges
Pro-Americun, Anti-Red Stand
BY ROBERT BERRELLEZ
Associated Press Staff Writer

Kingston Jamaica. July THE winds of freedom, lately
concentrated Africa heading back toward the Cab
beam jamaica ruled by Spain for 61 and then by
Britain for BOT, becomes independent August 6.
That will be big day for foot Sir William Alexander
Busamante premier hopes put his country
Evening star., 1962-01-31
Possible Boon to Parks
Seen in New Report

Counties in Maryland and to
Fairfax, Loudoun and Prince
William Counties in Virginia.
Park authorities in the nearby
Maryland and Virginia coun-
ties are engaged now in a race
against time to buy up available
land.
With a $4.8 million bond
issue, the Northern Virginia
Regional Park Authority is buy
ing land for neighborhood and
community parks, for Develop
ing stream valleys and for fu-
ture regional parks.
The Maryland Park and
Planning Commission has
budgeted this year for 1900
acres more in open spaces to
add to its $500 acres in Mont
gomery and Prince Georges
Counties. Its master plan pro-
poses a total acquisition of 40,-
900 acres by 1880.
But in both cases, the prob
lem is money. The longer it
takes the park authorities to
complete their programs the
more land prices skyrocket.
If Congress follows up the
ORRRC proposals with legisla-
ton authorizing grants, the
park systems could accelerate
their programs, and in the long
run save money.
In the District and the build
up communities of Arlington
and Alexandria money could be
used to develop existing recre-
ational areas.
Evening star., 1962-01-31

More parks and recreation
areas for the Washington area
could result from a report pre-
sented today to President Ken
nedy and Congress.
A recommendation by a spe-
cial commission calls for Fed
eral grants to States to pay 40
per cent, and in some cases
half, of costs of purchasing and
developing park lands for fu-
ture outdoor recreational needs.
This could be a real boon to
our area park needs" William
E. Finley, director of the Ma
tional Capital Planning Com
mission said.
A year 1000 plan for the met
ropolitan area by the outdoor
Recreation Resources Review
Commission estimates a mini
mum 100000 acres must be
added to the areas 6.000-acre
reserve to meet recreation and
conservation requirements.
The plan urges immediate
land buying for the future be-
fore the cost. if not the land
itself, gets out of reach.
Washington's 7,535-acre park
system is already well estab-
lished, with little room to ex-
pand. Subdivisions have COW
cred most of the open spaces
in Alexandria and Arlington
County.
For any siZable addition tc
the regions park system, plan
ners are turning to Mont
gomery and Prince Georges
Evening star., 1962-01-31
Driving, Walks
Lead Outdoor
Leisure Uses

Americans stick largely to the
simplest forms of outdoor rec
reation in their leisure time
pleasure driving and walking.
Together, the two account for
about AZ per cent of the total
recreational activity in the
country.
These results of the first de-
tailed Nationwide study of
what people do for outdoor
recreation were included today
in a report presented to Presi-
dent Kennedy by the outdoor
Recreation Resources Review
Commission.
1T is the simplest pleasures
Americans seek most" the re-
port concluded.
After automobile drives and
walks, the greatest amount of
recreation time is spent on
playing outdoor games and
swimming. Next in order, the
report says, are sightseeing,
bicycling, fishing, going to out
door sports events and picnick-
ing; then come nature walks,
boating other than sailing or
canoeing, hunting, horseback
riding and camping.
The outdoor activities rank
ing lowest with Americans are
skiing, mountain climbing,
skindiving and sailing, all
sports requiring special condi-
tions, skills or equipment.
In other findings the report
concludes:
/. Outdoor recreation par
Evening star., 1962-01-31
Douglas Decides Cohen
MAY Be Freed on Bail

tax conviction. 1t declined to
grant him bail for an appeal,
however.
Cohen was convicted Of in
come tax evasion in Federal
court in Los Angeles after a AZ
day trial. He was fined $50, 900
in addition to receiving the
prison sentence.
Cohen is now in jail at Los
Angeles.
This was the second time
Justice Douglas had granted
bail to Cohen after 1t was re-
fused by lower courts,
On October 2, Justice Douglas
granted Cohen freedom on
100000 bail pending action by
the Circuit Court of Appeals on
his case.
In announcing yesterday that
he would permit Cohen's re-
release on 100000 bail, Justice
Douglas said, while I am re-
luctant to disturb the judg-
ment Of my brethern below
(the Court Of Appeals, my re-
sponsibility to make an inde-
pendent examination Of the is
sues to be raised in the petition
for certiorari (the appeal to
the Supreme Court by Cohen)
cannot be delegated"
The Justice said the Federal
Evening star., 1962-01-31
FARM
Continued From Page Al

Continued From Page Al
to be made to support farm
income while surplus stocks
were being reduced.
A similar program for wheat
was recommended to reduce
wheat stocks to manageable
levels, improve the competitive
position of American wheat in
world markets, and maintain
the incomes of wheat produc-
ers."
For dairy products, the Pres
ident urged program designed
to reduce price support costs
from about $500 million a year
to $500 million a year.
New Milk Formula
Each milk producer would
be assigned a marketing base
equal to his marketings of
milk in 1861. The President
explained that the producers
marketing allotment for the
current year would reflect a
percentage of his base propor-
tionate to his share of the
Evening star., 1962-01-31

estimated commercial demand
and the quantities needed for
Government programs in the
national interest.
Producers who marketed milk
in excess of their allotments
would pay surplus marketing
fees on such milk, which would
be used to purchase and dis
pose of the surplus products
produced from excess milk.
To avoid an abrupt drop in
dairy farmers income that
would result from reducing
price support to IS per cent
of parity on April I as required
under present law, Mr.. Ken
nedy recommended continuing
price supports on dairy prod
uctS at the current emergency
level of $3.40 per hundred
pounds until December 81.
He also urged changes in
the cotton program. But the
new cotton legislation was not
included in an omnibus bill
sent Congress along with his
message today. Officials said
it would go to the Capitol soon.
Calling for a program that
would establish a Federal sup
port price for cotton grown
upon allotted acreage but per-
init efficient producers to grow
additional cotton at the lower
world price. Mr.. Kennedy
urged that Secretary of Agri-
culture Freeman be given au-
thority to:
l. Establish acreage allot-
ments at a level which would
produce the cotton needed for
domestic use land such portion
of the cotton exports as he may
determine"
2. Authorize growers to ex-
ceed their cotton acreage allot-
ment by up to 80 per cent, with
the cotton produced on the
additional acreage to be mar
keted under a plan which would
net the grower approximately
the world market price.
Getting away from the old
"Soil bank" idea of paying
farmers to retire acreage from
producing crops in surplus for
a year or two, the President
urged a program to take ad-
vantage of the unused acres to
supply "the growing demand for
outdoor recreational areas and
wildlife promotion, for wood
lots and forests, and for graz
ing"
Among other things, he
called for legislation to au-
thorize loans to help finance
farmers who wanted to devote
part of their acres to recrea-
tional business, such as
stocking a fish pond and
charging fees for fishing there.
He said his common sense
A B c D goals are Abundance,
Balance. Conservation, Devel-
opment."
Evening star., 1962-01-31

ticipation tends to go up with
income. The Jump is sharpest
at about the $4,000 a year
mark. From there on partici-
patton ste adily increases,
reaching a maximum in the
$500 to $4,000 bracket.
2. The most active adults are
likely to be the most educated.
This is particularly true in
automobile driving, walking,
sightseeing, swimming and
game playing.
Among occupations, profess
sional people are the ones en-
gaging most in outdoor recrea-
ton.
4. People living in suburbs
and in the country participate
more in outdoor recreational
activities than city people
People living further out tend
to favor camping, fishing and
hunting, activities that involve
"roughing it." City people
turn to pleasure driving, pic
nicking, sightseeing and, most
of all, swimming.
Evening star., 1962-01-31
PARKS

Continued From Page Al
establishment of wilderness
areas"
Shifting from Federal to
State or local control recrea-
ton areas serving particular
communities.
Charging fees for public rec
reation facilities.
The commission also reported
1.-The first task is to provide
recreation for the metropolitan
regions which have the biggest
population and demand for
recreation and the least space
for it."
1t added that highest pri-
ority should be given to "acqui-
sition of areas located closest
to major population centers
and other areas that are imme-
diately threatened. The need
is critical-opportunity to place
these areas in public owner
ship is fading each year as
other uses encroach."
The commission concluded
that there is enough land and
water acreage for recreation
over a quarter-billion acres
but most of it "is where people
are not"
In a news briefing before the
reports release, Mr.. Rockefeller
described the report as being
oriented toward people rather
than resources.
He said the commission, made
up of eight members of Con-
gress and seven private citizens,
had mot come up with mini
NUNS needed in acres or dol
lars" on purpose.
We're discussing principles
and tools and leaving to others
the question of how they will
be used" he said.
But commission member
Senator Anderson, Democrat
of New Mexico, said he be-
lieves bills will be introduced
following many of the reports
guidelines.
Many Of the commissions
proposals are also expected tc
show up in the Interior De.
partment's legislative program
scheduled for presentation te
Congress in a conservation mes
sage by President Kennedy or
February 81.
The Recreation Commission
was established by Congress
three years ago-and given ST.
million to work with-to inven-
tory the Nations recreation re-
sources for the first time in the
Nations history.
Members, besides Mr.. Rookie.
feller and Senator Anderson
are Senators Dworshak, Repub'
lican of Idaho, Jackson, Demo.
crat of Washington; Miller, Re.
publican of Iowa. and Repre-.
sentatives Saylor, Republican
of Pennsylvania; Pfost, Demo
crat of Iowa; Rivers, Democra
of Alaska and Kyl, Republican
of Iowa.
Private citizens appointed
by former President Eisen
hover are Joseph w. Penfolt
of Washington, Samuel 7
Dana of Ann Arbor, Mich
Mrs. Marian S. Dryfoos of Nev
York City. Bernard L. Orell o
Tacoma, Wash. M. Fredericl
Smith of Newark, N. j., ant
Chester S. Wilson of Still
water, MINI.
Francis w. Sargent, forme
commissioner of Natural Re
sources of Massachusetts,
the commissions executive di
rector.
Evening star., 1962-01-31

rules Of criminal procedure
provide that bail may be al
lowed pending an appeal to the
Supreme Court unless it 'sp-
pears that the appeal is friv-
olous or taken for delay"
Evening star., 1962-01-31
BY the Associated Press

Justice Douglas of tn e
Supreme Court yesterday au-
thorized release Of Mickey
Cohen, onetime Los Angeles
gambling figure, on 100000
bail pending Supreme Court
action on his appeal from an
income tax conviction. Cohen
is under sentence Of IS years
Imprisonment.
The United States Court OF
Appeals in San Francisco on
January II affirmed Cohen's