davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1962-04-18

Mrs j. Frank Rogers has re-
turned home after II twu-wrril
Stay i'll the Southeastern Gen
cral Hospital. Lumbcrton.
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1962-04-18

Mr.. and Mrs. 7. A. Camp
bell and daughter Ann Man
ming. of Laurens. S. c.. stop
ped by the home of the Bob
Mearescs last week.
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1962-04-18

Larry Waddell. young son of
Mr.. and Mrs. Jamie WaddcIl,
is commissioning from an APP
pendcctOmy performed in Co
lumbuS County Hospital.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-16
European Force

Over the last two years, senti-
ment has increased for a Euro
pean nuclear force, in addition
to that Of the United States. Such
a force would combine the re-
sources of Britain, France, and
Germany. The reasoning behind
such a plan is this: What If
Europe is attacked and the United
States, afraid Of a nuclear war.
refuses to retaliate with its nu-
clear weapons? A European force
would not have to rely on Ameri-
can support.
The United States argues that
a European force alone would
never be great enough to deter
Russia, and would be useless in
case Of a nuclear war.
At last weeks meeting. the
United States tried TO meet Euro
peans halfway by. advocating a
multi-lateral sea-going force OF
surface ships armed with nuclear
missiles If the Europeans would
pay a heavy burden Of it, and
If a suitable command was Or
gained. BY the end Of the meet
ing. however, 1t was clear that
Defense Secretary McNamara's
plea for increased conventional
forces, as we'll as the multi
lateral plan, had evoked little
favorable response.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-16

West than does the rigid dogma
fist" line of Picking. And since
their trade is so intimately tied to
Moscow, it is not in the Eastern
European countries interest to
anger the Kremlin.
In the underdeveloped areas Of
Africa and Latin America, China
has tried to compete with the So
Wet Union for influence, but so
far, Moscow's greater resources
have given it the edge among the
Communist Parties. 1t is obvious
that Moscow's courtship of Yugo-
slavia is due in part to Belgrade's
influence in the nonaligned bloc.
Yugoslavia, however, has refused
to be drawn back into the Soviet
orbit. Tito treasures his prestige
in the world, and undoubtedly
will strive to remain independent.
He may elect to join CEMA-the
Communist equivalent of the Com
mon Market-since Yugoslavia's
trade with the Market countries
will be reduced as the Markets
external tariff is frightened.
Some Western observers believe
that ultimately the Soviet Union
will be forced to join forces with
the West against the threat from
the East. But this view, based on
historical precedents, has no pres
ent basis for fact. On the con-
trary, as Chinese power increases,
the Chinese view Of history may
become more similar to that OF
the Russians. leading to a
rapprochement.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-16
No Success Yet

AS the development and test
program progressed, however, it
became clear that the cost of the
system and the extremely complex
technical problems involved in
making Skybolt workable had been
underestimated. Last month, the
fifth straight test firing was an
admitted failure.
Soon the word began to be
leaked" at the Pentagon that De-
tense Secretary Mcnamara had
decided he would request no
new funds for Skybolt in the up
coming budget; that he was ready
to let the program die.
The weapons dismal test rec
ord was not the only, or perhaps
not even the principal, reason for
this tentative decision. Skybolt is
no longer as important to United
States deterrent forces as it once
was believed to be. The Polaris
has proven to be highly successful
and the Air Forces Minuteman
ICBM (which was declared to be
operational last week. is heavily
counted upon as deterrent
weapon.
Additionally, the effort to hold
down defense costs wherever it is
safe to do so is fiercer this year
than ever because President Ken
nedy wants Congress to cut per-
sonal and corporate income taxes
a hefty amount and he still looks
upon budget deficits-inevitable
as they may be this year and
next-with misgivings.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-16
THE WEST

There is a strong temptation in
some Western circles TO call the
Soviet Union loving" and
Communist China war -monger-
ing" on the basis of the polemics
Of the Sino-Soviet dispute. This,
as both Russian and Chinese poll
icy have shown, is inaccurate.
Recent Sino-Soviet history has
shown that the governments in
Moscow and Picking are both ra-
tional in their dealings with the
West. Certainly. Moscow has
preached moderation more than
Picking, but this is due, In part. to
the nuclear conformation with the
West. Picking, Of course. is inter-
ested in expanding outward-to
Taiwan. first, but also into South
east Asia, and into parts OF India,
Since Asian conflicts would by
nature be limited ones. China does
not fear an atomic attack in the
sense Russia does.
When 1t has been faced with a
determined show OF force, Picking
has retreated. II has yet 10 invade
the off-shore islands, and even In
India, II showed an unwillingness
TO engage In a total war that
would bring the West In as an ally
OF India.
The Russians have demonstrated
again In Cuba that they will react
strongly - or weakly - depending
on the Vests response. As long
as Washington seemed TO allow
Soviet influence In Cuba 10 grow
unchecked, Moscow kept pushing.
But when II became evident that
the United States would force q
showdown, Moscow retreated. This
is not a pattern. necessarily. But
most experts believe that firm
ness in places like Cuba impreSses
Mr.. Khrushchev that the paper
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-16
Chino's NucIeor Role

Moreover, while the Soviet
Union may give perfunctory sup
port to such Chinese demands as
admission to the United Nations,
there is little chance that China
can count on Russian military
support If 1t chooses, for instance,
to invade Taiwan. And the Rus
SLAMS probably will do all in their
power t. prevent China from be-
coming a nuclear power.
An atomic bomb in China's pos
session could touch off a world
war, involving not only the United
States but the Soviet Union as
we'll.
The bleak future Of Sino-Soviet
relations was emphasized yester-
day by the Chinese leadership. in
a 6.500-word reply to Mr.. Khru-
shchev's utterly outrageous" anti
Chinese campaign
Picking particularly was in
censed by the cordial hospitality
given Marshal Tito in Moscow
that renegade to Communism"
And. the Chinese defended their
thesis that imperialism is a paper
tiger"
Experts believe that China's in
vasion Of India has exacerbated
relations between the Soviet Union
and China. with Moscow feeling
that the invasion threatens 10
align India with the West, de-
stroying the lnroads made by
communism earlier.
India is one of the countries
where China and the Soviet Union
compete for influence in the Com
munist Party In most Asian coun-
tries, there are discernible Sine
and Soviet factions. with the
Chinese leading In North Korea
and Indonesia. North Wet Nam,
bordering on China. has remained
more or less neutral during the
Sino-Soviet rift.
In Europe, the tight unity Of the
Communist bloc has been largely
disSipated in recent years. While
still supporting Soviet foreign poll
icy. the satellite governments have
followed different internal policies.
sometimes playing Moscow off
against Picking.
But except for Albania. all the
Communist governments OF Europe
stand behind the Soviet Union In
the present schism. For one thing.
the peaceful co-existence" policy
allows the satellites considerably
more freedom in dealing with the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-16
NucIeor:
New Ideas

The Soviet government last
week said II would allow three
seismic stations on It's territory
rs part Of n total nuclear test
ban. The United States and
Great Britain said such sta
tionS could not substitute for
on-site verification Of suspected
tests.
The Geneva disarmament talks
have had two basic goals. One Is
the well-publicized. long-range eff
fort TO achieve total and complete
disarmament. The other is the
smaller-scale, short-range attempt
10 halt the arms race and pre-
vent a nuclear holocaust.
Experts generally believe there
are more possibilities In the Sec
ond category. Chief among these
is a nuclear test ban.
A test ban would not end the
arms race, nor would II solve the
worlds problems. II would be a
Continued on Page BIS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-16

their followers in other Commu-
mist camps.
AS long as Mr.. Khrushchev and
Mao rule their respective parties,
there is little chance for a heal
ing of the wounds. Most observers
believe that behind these two men,
there are others who will try to
breach the gap. There is consid-
cradle evidence, for instance, to
suggest that there are "rightists"
in the Chinese party who agree
with Mr.. Khrushchev on the dan
gers Of nuclear war.
But for the time being, relations
between the two giants probably
will remain at their present low
level. Presently, trade between
Peking and Moscow is very light.
with Picking relying on Moscow
for much of her oil, and Moscow
importing certain minerals and
manufactured goods.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-16
Trouble Points

On the basis of the Supreme
Soviet meeting, here is a summary
on the status of the major East
West points Of contention:
CUBA-Mr. Khrushchev indi-
Gated that Russia wanted a de-
tente in Cuba. Indications are
that the remaining 10000 Russian
troops will be withdrawn, and that
propaganda pressure will be put
on the United States to issue a
"no-invasion" pledge. He further
indicated that economic and de-
fensive aid will be continued to
Cuba in an effort to make it a
Latin American showplace.
BERLIN-Despite a conciliatory
speech by East German boss Wal
ter Ulbricht two weeks ago, Mr..
Khrushchev indicated that the
Soviet Unions main detectives in
Germany are unchanged-a peace
treaty with Germany and the end
ing Of the Allies occupation Of
West Berlin.
Mr.. Khrushchev, however, did
not press for treaty now, and
Foreign Minister Gromyko said
the next day that the Soviet Union
desired a negotiated settlement.
Observers believe that even If
Russia signs a peace treaty with
East Germany. 1t will not provoke
the West by attempting to force
it out Of Berlin. or by cutting off
the access routes. The threat of
war over Berlin-as in Cuba-is
uppermost in Mr.. Khrushchev's
mind.
INDIA-Mr. Khrushchev treaded
a tight rope in discussing the
Sino-Indian fighting. He did not
directly condemn either side, but
did say that India did not start
the war. Peking claims. Of course,
that 1t did. Moreover, Mr.. Khru-
shchev limited that the reason
Picking sought cease fire was
fear Of Western involvement.
There Is no sign that Moscow
plans TO take a direct hand in the
conflict. Undoubtedly. II will
avoid situations in which II
would have TO support one side
directly. since II can not afford
a direct military conformation
with Picking, nor does II want 10
lose all influence In New Delhi.
SOUTH WET NAM-Although
this would normally be In the
Chinese sphere OF influence. Rus
sian aid has predominated In this
guerrilla war. Mr.. Khrushchev
indicated that wars Of liberia
ton" would still be helped. and
so there is no indication OF an
end 10 this "subterranean war as
President Kennedy calls II.
GENERAL EAST-wEST RELA-
TIONS-Mr. Khrushchev seems
10 want 10 avoid a direct East
West clash. To this end. II is
expected that Soviet diplomats
will try 70 ease tensions in certain
areas-such as In Central Europe
while building up their strategic
forces TO the level Of the United
States.
Soviet policy Is notably flexible
and there is every reason 10 be-
lieve that a soft" policy today
can become a tough" one tomor-
row. Kremlin tacticians con-
stantly probe the West. looking
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-16
The WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
Rift in Communist World

At a meeting Of the Supreme
Soviet last week, Premier Khru-
shchev defended his govern
ment's policy on Cuba, and
attacked "dOgmatists" - pre-
sumably led by Peking-whO
advocated stronger action.
AS Nikita s. Khrushchev strobe
onto the platform at Wednesdays
session Of the Supreme Soviet, he
was accompanied by a guest Of
honor, Josip Broz Tito, whose
"revisionism" was once anathema
to the Soviet government.
After the applause died down,
the Yugoslav president took a seat
on the rostrum behind the
speakers podium. He listened
along with the 1900 deputies, to
Mr.. Khrushchev's denunciation Of
the "dogmatiSts" in the Commu-
mist movement who had criticized
his Cuban policy. 1t must have
been welcome words to Mr.. Tito's
ears, for only last week, Picking
the top "dogmatist" Of all-had
labeled him traitor to world
communism.
Mr.. Khrushchev's speech was
like none other in the history Of
the Soviet Union. In his own
rough manner, the Soviet premier
bitterly attacked the Soviet Unions
strongest ally. China. and China s
satrap, Albania. Their criticism
Of the Soviet Union" Mr.. Khru-
shchev said, echoed that coming
from the most reactionary, bel
licose circles of the West"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-16
Kennedy Line

At his news conference on
Wednesday, Mr.. Kennedy indi-
Gated quite strongly that the
British pressure was not having
any great effect on his attitude
toward Skybolt-at least up to
that point. Calling the missile
"the most sophisticated weapon
imaginable" and declaring that 1t
involved Engineering that's
been beyond u.s." he said:
I'VE put a half billion dollars
into it already. To complete the
system and to buy the mis-
siles we would want might require
SIS billion.
"The five tests have not been
successful, so that there really is
the question of how much it is
worth to the British and to our
selves to put in that kind of
money when we have competing
claims for our available funds"
The President, however, made
one apparent concession to the
Prime Minister. He said the
United States would make no
final decision on Skybolt until
after his conference with Mr..
Macmillan in the Bahamas next
Wednesday and Thursday.
What this decision will be no
one can say for certain at this
time. But Mr.. Kennedy and Mr..
Mcnamara. once they have made
up their minds, are not easily
dissuaded.
While one Air Force missile
program appeared headed for OBJ
livion last week another passed a
new milestone: The interconti-
mental Minuteman rocket was Of
ficially declared to be combat
ready.
The first 20 of these solid-fuel
rockets. emplaced in concrete I'M
derground silos at Malmstrom Air
Force Base, Great Falls, Mont,
joined the Nations strategic de-
terrent force on Tuesday. Current
Continued on Page BE-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-16
An UnbuIonce

Top Pentagon strategists argue
that as long as NATO's conven-
tional forces are weaker than the
Soviet Unions, a dangerous I'M
balance exists in Europe. The Rus
slams might feel safe in attacking
with non nuclear weapons, be-
lieving that the United States
would not answer = as 1t has
promised with nuclear ones
Washington says such Soviet mis-
calculation would, in fact, lead
to nuclear war.
If. however, NATO's conven-
tional forces were strong enough
to deter the Russians, some sort
of detente could be reached. Some
analysts even believe that If the
force level is reached, 3 pact with
the Russians on non-use b nu-
clear weapons could be reached.
The European powers have re-
Gently shown more interest in
nuclear weapons than in conven-
tional forces. Thus. France las
set out to build its own nuclear
strike force-despite the high cost
and United States criticism. Great
Britain, already a nuclear power,
does not want to give up its
strike force. The controversy over
Skybolt stems from British re-
sentiment at what It considers
American pressure to drop its
nuclear force.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-16
Slow Advance

Mr.. Khrushchev believes that
communism cannot advance
through nuclear war. 1t can only
advance slowly. He advocates
peaceful coexistence," the build
up of the Soviet Union as a sort
of Communist showplace, attract
ing the non-aligned nations to
the Red camp. BY reaching
detente with the West, he hopes
to break up the Vests military
alliances, and reduce the chances
for a war which would destroy
Russia.
Since he confronts the West
constantly China does not)-he is
fully aware of the Vests nuclear
potential. "If Imperialism is now
a paper tiger" he told the Su-
preme Soviet, "know that this
paper tiger has nuclear teeth. 1t
still can use them, and one can
not treat it lght-heartedly."
Mr.. Khrushchev argued that
instead of the retreat the dog
matists" charge him with, he has
saved Cuba for Communism.
"Cuba remains a beacon of Marx
lst-Leninist ideas in the Western
hemisphere. The impact of her
revolutionary example will grow.
The Government of the United
States has pledged not to invade
Cuba. The threat of thermo-
nuclear war has been averted. Is
this a retreat?"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-16
In the Long Run

Washington. OF course. has
given no such pledge. but the
substance OF Mr.. Khrushchev's
statement is true. II he had re-
fused, or even hesitated, TO give
in. Cuba would have been lost TO
Communism.
These public attacks, coupled
with the apparent rapproche-
ment with Tito. demonstrated the
changes in Soviet foreign policy
since Mr.. Khrushchev's first
espousal OF peaceful coexistence in
1854. They also demonstrated the
sharp divisions in the Communist
world that have grown since then.
The events pose several ques-
tons Of crucial importance, not
only to the nations within the
Communist bloc. but to the West
and the non-aligned nations as
we'll. This is how the situation
looked last week:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-16
NATO:
More Troops?

The United States again urged
its North Atlantic Treaty Organ
izatiOn allies to boost the size
of their conventional forces In
Europe.
The NATO defense and foreign
ministers usually meet twice o
year to discuss the major prob
lens that have developed within
the alliance. For the last several
meetings, there has been a con-
slant strain within the organiza-
ton, and last weeks meeting did
not reduce it.
Basically, the dispute centers
around the overall defense fol
the West. The United States, the
chief deterrent force to Commu-
mist expansion, believes that 1t
alone should be responsible for
the Vests nuclear force. Wash
ington argues that 1t is the only
nation able to afford the ire
mendous cost Of such arms, and
that by having control conferred in
one location, the West is not faced
with the command problem OF
getting all NATO's is nations to
agree on weapons use.
Washington believes, moreover,
that the European members Of
NATO should assume a larger
burden Of the troops stationed in
Europe. Presently there are "a
NATO divisions, Of which five are
American. The United States
wants Europe to supply six more
divisions - as NATO's command
calls for.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-16
THE NATIONAL SCENE
Defense Problem
Hinges on SkyboIt

The administration last week
made II plain 1t wants to scrap
the SkybOIt air. Launched balliS-
tic missile program, but Presi-
dent Kennedy, faced with roar
ing British complaints, said no
final decision would be made
until after his talks this week
with Prime Minister Macmil-
Ian.
The Air Force announced on
Tuesday that the first 20 solid
fuel Minuteman ICBMs are OPP
irrational.
In 1857, the Air Force, alert to
the prospect that its fixed land
bases would become increasingly
vulnerable to surprise rocket at
tack and anxious to extend the
life of its big bomber fleet, con-
WINGED the Eisenhower admins
tration that it should test the
feasibility of an air-launched bal
listic missile.
First called simply the ALBM
program, the new missile was
later given the more popular
name Of Skybolt. The feasibility
studies we're considered Satisfac-
tory in 1859, and development of
the proposed new weapon, a sort
Of airborne counterpart of the
Nays successful submarine
launched Polaris, was carried for
ward.
The British, who probably had
the idea first but not did have
the funds to implement it, dropped
their Blue Streak missile project
and worked out an agreement
with the United States to buy the
the nuclear-tipped Skybolt. 1t
wanted the new rocket to con-
tinue the usefulness of its only
nuclear weapon delivery system
and joy, the so-called "V"
bomber force of the Raj, espe-
cially the Vulcan II aircraft.
Skybolt was designed to snug
gle under the wings of the more
advanced of the Strategic Air
Commands B-52 series of bomb
ers-four to each aircraft. Its
range was listed at 1000 miles;
its speed at $500 miles per hour.
Its principal mission would be to
stand off at a safe distance and
attempt to knock out air defenses
so that other bomberS. carrying
loads Of hydrogen bombs, could
get through to their targets.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-16
Political AnqIe

The reason for this fear is that
the Macmillan government has
counted heavily on Skybolt to
maintain the integrity of its in
dependent nuclear force. Without
the American weapon, the Raj
bombers might be too vulnerable
to Soviet air defenses in the next
few years to remain as a credi-
BILE striking force.
The Labor Party long has criti-
cized the Prime Minister and his
party for insisting on such an
independent force.
AS the opposition in the British
government and in much of the
British press mounted, Secretary
Mcnamara flew to London to dis
cuSS Skybolt with Defense Minis
ter Peter Thorneycroft, on Tues
day. According to informed
sources, the meeting was one of
the Stormiest between high Off
Gals of the Allied governments
since the Anglo-French invasion
of Suez in 1856.
But when Mr.. Mcnamara left
for Paris and the NATO minis
Sters' conference a day or so later
there was no indication that he
had given any ground or had been
instructed by the President to do
so. There were reports that the
British turned down an alterna-
tive American offer to provide
the Raj with air-launchable
Hound Dogs. hydrogen-warhead,
airbreathing missiles with range
of 500 miles.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-16
British Worried

While all the aforementioned
reasons may explain the admin
istration's desire to scrap Skybolt,
they count for little or nothing
with the British.
When the intention of the
United States Government was
disclosed in published reports
from Defense sources, the bitter
howls heard from the vicinity OF
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-16
Left and Right

to the left, you will come out on
the right" Mr.. Khrushchev con-
tinued. For If you look objec-
lively at things, in the case,
during the period Of the crisis
involving Cuba, these people who
call themselves Marxists-Leninists
acted simply like people provoking
a conflict"
This type Of criticism-"sling-
ing mud at the Soviet Union
was completely irresponsible in
Mr.. Khrushchev's eyes. While
the Soviet Union was on the
brink of a devastating war with
the United States, Peking and
Tirana were acting like armchair
generals. And, Mr.. Khrushchev
added, they probably would pre-
fer to sit out such a war"
Mr.. Khrushchev was referring
to constant barrage of abuse.
published in Picking and Tirana,
during the Cuban ordeal. China
long has argued that communism
can succeed only by dealing
roughly with imperialists - that
the West is paper tiger" out
wardly tough. but inwardly afraid
Of war. Mao Tse-tung has ac-
cused Moscow - and Mr.. Khru-
shchev in particular-of acting
overly cautious in the face Of
Washington's "saber-rattling."
In the past most of this debate
was carried on OBVIOUSLY, in OBJ
scure party journals. in illusions
to Lenin's old writings. and
through attacks on Albania
(China) and Yugoslavia (Russia)
The Cuban crisis, however, forced
the issue into the open, and
brought on Mr.. Khrushchev's re-
buke of the "dogmatists."