davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-30

LAKE PLACID, N. Y, Dec. 20
(AP).-Cuban prisoner nego-
tiator James B. Donovan said
today an additional $500 rela-
tives of the released Bay of
Pigs prisoners were scheduled
TO come to the United States
from Cuba under his agree
ment with Premier Fidel Castro.
Mr.. Donovan told a news
conference that the relatives
would travel to this country on
the return voyages of Red Cross
ships carrying drugs and other
supplies to Cuba in payment
of the prisoners ransom.
The New York City lawyer
also said Mr.. Castro had raised
the possibility that he (Mr.
Castro would visit the United
States on a trip that would
include a speech to the United
Nations and the continuing of
negotiations for release of %
Americans jailed in Cuba on
grounds Of anti-CaStro activi-
ties.
Mr.. Donovan said Mr.. Castro
had not indicated when he
might visit this country.
But the negotiator said pros.
poets were very favorable fol
release of the Americans. Hi
said Mr.. Castro would give thC
signal for resumption Of nego:
tiationS and added that he ex-
pected this would come when
Mr.. Castro was assured, that
the fun ransom would be paid,
The negotiator, mentioning
at this upstate resort, said he
had no knowledge of any re-
neging by Mr.. Castro on the
agreement to allow additional
relatives of prisoners to leave
Cuba. 1t had been reported that
MIR. Castro was baking.
Mr.. Donovan said he expect
ed that Mr.. Castro would act
in good faith and would live
up to the bargain.
Nearly 1000 relatives of pris-
oners came to the United
States aboard the freighter
African Pilot. The vessel had
carried the first installment or
the ransom.
Mr.. Donovan said today thai
Mr.. Castro had agreed a tota
of $500 relatives could joir
the lib prisoners who wert
released at Christmas time.
Mr.. Donovan said the Ameri'
can Red Cross now was char
tering a second freighter II
take a second shipment o
drugs and supplies and return
with a second group Of rela
tives.
Each time a ship goes Il
Cuba with an installrnent Of tn,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-30

him the story of your courage
as he grows up.
1T is my wish and my hope
that some day he may be a
man at least half as brave as
the members of Brigade 2506.
Good luck"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-30
KENNEDY
Continued From Page Al

Continued From Page Al
Hundreds of small Cuban
and American flags waved In
the stands and cheers rang out
as it meant to be heard in Cuba
when the President added:
II can assure you that this
flag will be returned to this
brigade in a free Havana"
He then called for Mr.. Mi
randa, who had Rugged the
flag to his chest and slipped
through Castro lines to asylum
in an embassy in Havana, to
come forward, $50 we can meet
him"
After shaking hands with the
savior Of the brigade flag, Mr..
Kennedy explained: II wanted
to know who I should give it
back to-"
He spoke only in generalities
about the eventual liberation Of
Cuba.
But he declared: "It is the
strongest wish of the people
Of this country, as we'll as the
people of this hemisphere, that
Cuba shall one day be free
again."
"And when it is" he added,
this brigade will deserve to
march at the head of the free
column" sa
The President spared no
words In denunciation of the
Castro regime. He said Mr..
Castro had made Cuba a police
state" controlled by "a foreign
monarch" as much as it was in
the last century before it was
liberated from Spanish rule in.
the Spanish American War. He
spoke of the men he faced being
freed from Castro dungeons"
Lesson in FutiIity
Your conduct and your
valor," he told the men of Bril-
gade 2506, ARE proof that al
though Castro and his fellow
dictators may rule nations, they
do not rule people; that they
may imprison bodies. but they
do not imprison spirits . :"
The President declared his
faith that the majority of Gu
ban people today still hold
principle of freedom in their
/ hearts.
II am confident" he said,
that all over the island of
Cuba, in the government itself,
in the army, and in the militia,
there are many who hold to
this freedom faith who are
determined to restore freedom
so that the Cuban people may
once more govern themselves. "
He urged the exileS from the
Castro Communist dictatorship
to submerge any "momentary
differences" and work together
ito the united end that Cuba
is free, and then make free
choice as to what kind Of q
government and what kind Of q
country you freely wish tc
build"
Mrs. Kennedy, wearing 9
sleeveless pink dress and white
gloves, stood bareheaded anC
watched with apparent keer
interest as her husband in,
spected the brigade Of freedom
fighters.
She listened to her husband
speech twice-in English, ant
then in Spanish as 1t wa
translated by Donald Barnes
State Department interpreter
for the mostly Spanish-speak
ing crowd.
When her turn came, Their
. was no need for a translate
Except for non-Spanish speak
ing American newsmen) as he
words rolled out fluent Spanish
1T is an honor" Mrs. Ken
dney said, for me TO be toda,
with a group Of the braves
men in the world, and to shar
in the Joy that is felt by thei
families who for so long live,
hoping. praying, and waiting.
Il feel proud that my sol
has known the officers. He
still too young TO realize wha
has happened here, but I vii
make II my business to tel
NN ~
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-30
BY JIM BECKER and
ROBERT BERRELLEZ

Associated Press Staff writers
MIAMI, Dec. 90. - on the
doorstep Of a rambling ranch
style home in Coral Gables
Fla, Ulises Carlo, 81, tenderly
kissed his wife goodbye.
AS the tall, trim Cubar
walked down the steps, his TO-
year-old son, Ulises, jr., rar
and caught him by the hand.
Dad. the house keys" the
boy said, his face set in adult
seriousness. "I'll be the man oi
the house now. I must have
the keys"
In Miami, Rene Leyva, 40
read final proof of the days.
issue Of the newspaper Advance
but his mind was not on the
sheets. He was waiting for 9
telephone call. 4
Mr.. Leyya'S son, Eduardo, II
had volunteered for an anti.
Castro invasion force. Mr.. Ley.
va had told the organizers that
his son could go-if he coulc
go, too.
Telephone Rings g..
Now the telephone rang anc
a man told him they both coulc
go. Mr.. Leyva telephoned the
publisher and said he would bt
away for a few days :.
At the airline counter a,
Miami Airport, Raoul Arang,
was spending his last day be,
hind the desk. He smiled Il
himself. A.- 9f
He was tired Of standing, and
here he was, going off to learr
to be q paratrooper. That coOlc
be pretty hard on the feet, too
he thought.
1t was March Is. 1861.
A call to arms had runs
through the exile Cuban COM
munity, and men were gather
ing.
There was really no other
mission left for us in life but
to go back and liberate our
country" said Mr.. Carlo.
Il was not what you might
define as an anti Communist,
said Mr.. Leyva. II had felt that
socialism had some good points.
We were worried about Castro
then only as a possible dicta-
tor"
II thought If Cuba was to be
liberated, it was up to the Gu
bans to do it." said Mr.. Arrange.
Among Those Captured
They were among those cap
tured in the Inflated Bay of
Pigs invasion in April, 1861, and
finally released after 20 months
in prison in a $50 million barter
completed just before Christ
mas.
For most of the men in the
invasion force, the reasons were
the same.
II had to go. For I feel
democracy all over. I am Catho-
lie. And I love Cuba" said Ma
rio Santiago Abril, 20.
Recruiting had started the
year before. Training had be-
gun informally in some make
shift camps and with deterni-
nation and professional super
vision in others scattered
throughout Florida.
What was the American role
in the recruiting and training
Felix Santiesteban, rs, who
trained with Mr.. Leyva's bat
talon. said: Americans had
nothing to do officially with
our recruiting or training"
But other prisoners, who
asked that their names be with
held, said there were some Gu
ban recruiters who gave at
least the impression they were
representing the United States,
and particularly the Central
Intelligence Agency.
Recruiting Incentive
They said an incentive to re-
cruiting was the line that with
the United States behind it, the
invasion could not fail.
II never talked to any Amer
icans," said Mr.. Arrange. There
were many Cuban groups In
Florida talking about invasion
and I joined this one because Il
was the largest and seemed II
have the best chance o.
success"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-30

ana now, 10 say whether any
American warships or planes
aided in the invasion effort
IT saw one plane, :" said Mr..
Santiago. 1T was ours. 1t went
over on the 18th, on the way
to bomb an air base in Cuba.
I'VE were getting briefings
on the way over. We were
ready and we thought we were
going to win,
"At midnight they got us
up. We had got together to
throw away letters, pictures,
watches, rings, everything we
loved before going in to fight
for what we loved"
The men got into the boats
to go ashore.
"They were little runabouts
with cupboard motors. They
were shooting at us, machine
guns. 1t was thick" Mr.. Santi-
ago said.
Charged in Ranks
Prom the moment Of land
ing I lost all physical sensa-
ton" said young Leyva. 1T
seemed like I was watching
a bad movie. Their men came
screaming 'Patria o Muerte'
(Fatherland or Death and
then they fell dead. They kept
coming in waves"
"They we're in, closed ranks,
in the most amazing manner,
Mr.. Carlo said. "They finally
broke under fire, but scores
were killed"
Back at the armada, things
were going wrong.
AFTER the first boatload OF
troops got off, the unloading
equipment jammed," said
Humberto Sanchez, %, an in
fantryman who was waiting
to get ashore, ~ D.,
1.-THE Houston "a freighter)
was full of soldiers and tons OF
aviation gas, munitions and
other supplies" s q
I'VE thought the first Bag
heading for US that dawn was
friendly" Mr.. Sanchez said.
THE plane waggled its wings,
then roared In and strafed and
bombed us. One Of our anti
aircraft batteries jammed.
Ship Is Grounded
Rockets and bombs set the
Houston on fire. The skipper
ran her aground. The troops
jumped off, but into deep water
Men were drowned and others
were killed by the strafing."
Another freighter, the Rio
Escondido, was sunk.
Where was American air COW
er? Was it promised?
A group OF Cuban B-26 pilots
now in Miami insist that it was
They said they would not let
their names be used for fear
of reprisal from other Cubans
or United States authorities.
without fighter cover, we
could not make supply drops
and strafing runs in the B-26s
we had" a pilot said.
When we saw we were to get
no cover, we stopped flying
Some American crews tried to
convince us we would get pro-
lection. They put on a con-
vincing show. Six Of them took
off in three B-26S. / remember
they wore tan shorts and were
very casual. --....
"All of them disappeared. ?
4s ess.s ~
g Loss Proves Vital
The loss of the supplies was
to'prove vital, but at first things
went well on shore. ~ p
Nobody was scared. Every.
body around me was shootinf
when he needed to shoot, doing
what he needed to do. BY 4
o'clock the shooting was over
for a WHILE" MIR. Santiago said
I'VE saw a truckload Of WON.
en- militia approaching, firing
their guns in awkward fashion
We thought, This is warp We
blasted them with a bazooka
SHE'LL" Mr.. Sanchez said.
Castro must have suffered
1000 casualties in those first
few hours" said Mr.. Carlo
I'VE captured an important
highway leading into the beach
and a small airport"
I'VE dropped right on top Of
the Castro forces" Mr.. Arrange
said. AT first we figured some
one had tipped them off about
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-30

OO AL OAlC OPT hlS VI 10O1
when thousands had fled Fidel
Castro's regime to Florida, men
were converting on the Opa-
Locka Airport, an abandoned
Navy and Marine base near
Miami, in trucks and private
cars. .H 'e5
The trucks drove up along
side a row Of unmarked Amer
lean planes, and the men
climbed inside. BY now it was
dark.
I'VE flew straight to Trax,
an airfield high in the noun
tains of Guatemala" Mr.. Leyva
said.
The 49-year-old Leyva was
assigned to air force mainte-
nance and stayed behind,
Others went into combat bat
talions. Speaking of his young
son, Mr.. Leyva said:
Poor little Eduardito. He
looked so fraA and helpless in
training. He had always been
strictly a student, never an
athlete. He never even played
soldier in games.
Looked Self-ASsured
HE didn't know how to aim
q gun, or even fire one. But q
few weeks later, when he came
down from the mountain. he
looked strong and self-aSsured
like a real soldier. I was
proud"
Professional soldiers, many Of
them Americans, whipped the
men into shape.
II practiced parachute Jumps
with Americans" said Mr.
Arengo Il made five practice
Jumps. I didn't ask them what
they were doing there"
II cannot say II the Ameri-
cans were on active duty, or Of
ficially representing their Gov
ernment," said Mr.. Carlo.
AT first 1t was Cubans in
structing u.s." said Mr.. Santi-
ago. I'VE trained for about a
month. Then we started GET
ting ready to go to Cuba"
At the same time, men with
administrative Skills were or
ganizing the so-called Opera
ton 49," the code name for a
new government for Cuba.
The political chief of the ex-
peditionary force was Manuel
Artime, one of the original
anti-Batista revolutionaries who
broke with Mr.. Castro later on
the question Of communism.
Still Won't Talk
Even today Mr.. Artime will
not talk about the training, or
stories that groups of various
political hues struggled for con-
troll of the invasion.
Il didn't say things like that
even under pressure in Cuba. +"
he said. 81 was nominated by
the Cuban Revolutionary Coun-
Gil to be part of a plan that
seemed strategically correct.
The causes of the failure I'm
not prepared to talk about. be-
cause it might affect the return
to Cuba" E
DiSsension or no. the inva-
sion went forward, and few of
the men in it were aware of
any.
'.s''r came down from the noun
tains on April 49," said young
Levya. 1--WE were flown from
Trax to Retalhuleu. the air
base in Guatemala, and from
there to Puerto Cabeza in
Nicaragua.
1--WE arrived at night and
moved in covered trucks in a
convoy to the docks. We spent
the night and most of the next
day there. Many civilians, ven
doris, women and children, were
on the docks, and President
Somoza came down to visit be-
fore we sailed"
Had B-26 BOmbers
II stayed behind at an air.
field in Nicaragua to help tend
the bombers and equipment, "
the elder Leyva said. I'VE had
B-26 bombers."
Nothing much happened on
the way to Cuba" young Leyva
recalled. 1--WE were escorted
most Of the way by United
States destroyers. We expected
them to go into action, but they
didn't"
Omitted States military
authorities declined, both then
Jessen's weekly. [volume] (Fairbanks, Alaska) 1942-1968, 1962-06-13
By Jerry Botukett


fReprinted from the Anchorage Times)
Mrs. Emily Ivanoff Brown,
intensely proud of her Eskimo
blood and cultural heritage, says
the ways of the Eskimo people
and their unWritten native Ian
guage are being forgotten, and
she is concerned about the
situation.
She doesn't quite know how. to go
about it. but she wants to record
for future generations Eskimo mu-
sic and legend and the other things
that make the culture a distinctive
one .,sss.ss
Mrs Brown. for the past 20 years
a teacher at the Bureau Of Indian
Affairs school at Kotzebue, is a
widow who has raised three. sons
and insisted that they seek after
higher education. -
One OF the sons. Melvin. is a
freshman at the University OF Alas
ka and a member of the universe
tvs basketball team. He is major
ing in physical education and hopes
to obtain coaching job at ma
tive school on graduation, she says.
Apologies for Pride
She apoligized for speaking with
pride about her sons. 1T is taboo in
Eskimo to talk about the children
but dol can't help it," she smiled.
The reasoning behind that taboo,
she explained, is that shows of af-
lection tend to spoil the children,
when American. men 60 away they
hug and kiss their childfen-When
szn Eskimo man goes he just goes
and that's all. The young must learn
to take care of themselves"
Mrs. Brown has made number
of attempts in her own way to per-
petuate the Eskimo culture. the most
successful being the writing of a
Jessen's weekly. [volume] (Fairbanks, Alaska) 1942-1968, 1962-06-13

small book on Eskimo legend, the
proceeds of which went toward the
establishment of the new Kotzebue
public library.
The community formed an asso-
citation to promote the library, be-
lieved to be the first in northwest
ern Alaska.
Take Turns
1--WE all take turns sitting in the
library. and we recently joined the
state library association" Mrs.
Brown said. 49,,
She has encouraged the young
people to take up writing SO that
the story Of the Eskimos will be
told, but most have shown no en-
thusiasm for such an activity.
The extension of education to the
Eskfmos ironically isrs helping to
wipe cut their native tongue. We
have. to teach anr- classes jn. -En9-
lish and many of the young people
don't even know Eskimo any more
Mrs. Brown said. /. - - - y -
The teacher has number of ideas
about other problems with which
her people are confronted.
Someone ought TO impress on the
Eskimos the need for building fall
out shelters, she said. Many of
the people out there aren't con-
cerned and if another war comes
we're dead if we don't have shell
ters."
Ideal Shelters
The type of habitation which the
Jessen's weekly. [volume] (Fairbanks, Alaska) 1942-1968, 1962-06-13

The natives all have radios and
could run to the shelters from their
frame houses above ground when
word of danger came. These shelters
could be built without even paying
ST for Them" she said.
In the economic realm, Mrs.
Brown suggested that the Eskimos
might do well marketing the many
varieties Of berries which grow in
abundance in western Alaska.
I'VE have sweeter blueberries
than you have here and the noun
tains are full of them. We could
put them in plastic bags and freeze
them through some central clearing
place. This particular berry is rich
in vitamin G.
"We'd have to organize under the
new Area Redevelopment Admins
tration to do this. We also have
rosehips, cranberries. blackberries
and two kinds Of currants. There
are so many berries and the Eski-
mos don't even pick them any
more"
Mrs. Brown, in Anchorage on
business, said she wouldn't want to
live in the CITY.
Jessen's weekly. [volume] (Fairbanks, Alaska) 1942-1968, 1962-06-13
Next to Nature

1.-THE Eskimo people live next to
nature-they don't know time. In
your city, people worry about
money.
Its so interesting to live in west
ern Alaska = there are so many
things you can do. I wouldn't want
to live here"
Mrs. Brown says when she re-
tires she will not leave Alaska
Although she learned OF life Out.
side while acquiring her education,
she has no desire to return there,
except perhaps for brief vacations.
Her idea of retirement is to set up
a camp at some place like Shaktolik>
on Norton Sound, believed to be the
site OF the oldest Eskimo svillagc; in,
Alaska, and just fish or watch, the.
hunters go after the RIM. seals that
can be taken nearby.
81 love my country-it'sSa beauti-,
full place. Near Shaktolik there's a
river and you, can catch trout. /
would. like to just sit there in the
month Of June and look at all the
beauty"
Jessen's weekly. [volume] (Fairbanks, Alaska) 1942-1968, 1962-06-13
Anchorage Girl
Weds Local Man

A group of over 80 friends were
on hand to see Patricia Ann Martin,
daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Frank
Martin of Anchorage marry Theo-
dore James Clark. son of Mrs Mar
guerite Clark of Fairbanks.
The ceremony was performed at
the Zion Lutheran Church on June
by Reverend Raymond Ernst.
The bride. given by her father,
wore OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES staffata.
gown with chiffons ouerskirtand a
lace jacket with three-quarter
sleeves.
Lynn Chambers, a friend of the
bride. was bridesmaid.
Fred Sharp was the best man.
Following the ceremony, recep-
ton was held at the Church. Assist
ing with the reception were Sandy
. Clark. Gail Phillips. and Lynn
Chambers.
The new Mr.. and Mrs. Clark will
make their home at 70312 Tenth.
Jessen's weekly. [volume] (Fairbanks, Alaska) 1942-1968, 1962-06-13
BIN Nome Office
Ope,, June IA, Is

The June opening of the Nome
Information Office is announced by
the district manager Of the Bureau
of Land Management, Richard l.:
Quintus. =. j =. :
On Friday and Saturday. June IA
and rs, Daniel Jones, Fairbanks
Land Office manager, and Al Hol-
ley. operations manager, Anchorage
Land Office, win be. in the office,
located In Roeans le4 of the Federal
Building in Nome.
In April the Nome office was
manned by Mr. Jones and in May
by George Gustafson, Alaska town
site trustee. The next opening will
be July l2th and 18th, followed by
August 9th and 10, September 18th
and 18th and October 18th and 18th.
On these days persons wishing to
telephone the office may do so by
calling 443-2264.
Jessen's weekly. [volume] (Fairbanks, Alaska) 1942-1968, 1962-06-13

Eskimos have been encouraged to
give up-the barabora, built be-
meath the surface of the ground and
rooted over with sod-would make
an ideal shelter, she said.
Jessen's weekly. [volume] (Fairbanks, Alaska) 1942-1968, 1962-06-13

You better check, you may have
been Caught In The Sluice Box
Jessen's weekly. [volume] (Fairbanks, Alaska) 1942-1968, 1962-06-13

The type of habitation which the
The Adak sun., 1962-04-09
SATURDAY l. APRIL:

SATURDAY lA APRIL: . HOO CAPTAIN KANGAROO l:4O SHARI LEWIS
 2:OO COLONEL FIACK 2:3O SATURDAY SPORTS EVENT A:3O SHERIFF OF COCHISE $500 THE PRICE IS RIGHT 5:3O THE BIG PICTURE
 6:OO LATEST NEWS FILM 6:3O LAWRENCE WELK 7:3O HAVE GUN WILL TRAVEL 8:OO CHEVY GOLDEN ANN IVERSAR1 o:OO ANDY GRIFFITH
 o:3O MEET McGRAW lO:OO HARRINGTON HEATER
Evening star., 1962-05-20

Grace Lines Santa Mariana,
second Of four pasSenger-car
liners destined for service be-
Evening star., 1962-05-20

test in the amphitheater on
the beach on June II.
For the 146th year the In
dams of the little village of
Pala in the San Diego back
country" hold their Corpus
Christi fiesta June 10.
This areas Spanish fiestaS
carrying over from the days
of the Californoia dons and
ranches are among the, most
colorful.
San Fernando, which grew
UP around the walls Of the old
mission of that name. holds its
fiesta June 2 to 9. Glendale,
on the site of the old Verdugo
Rancho, holds the Days Of the
Verdugos June Z to 10.
Scots gather at Corsair Field
in Santa Monica June 80 for
the annual Scottish highland
games.
Shakespeare authorities and
fans will gather at San Diego
for the National Shakespeare
Festival held in a replica of
London's Old Globe Theater in
Balboa Park June IL to
September 9. A classic company
will present Othello, Henry ~
Part II, and Tanning of the
Shrew.
The biggest horse show in
the United States will be held
three times daily during the
Southern California Exposition
and San Diego County Fair
held beside the sea at Del Mar
June 90 to July 8.
Evening star., 1962-05-20
California Dons Its Best
Gurb for Spring, Summer

One Of the most beautiful
Of sights. the Rainbow Farms,
will be in full bloom during
June in Southern California.
And there will be many
other interesting and colorful
sights for the visitor. accord
ing to the areas All-Year Club.
They include an all-Marine
cowboy rodeo, a 146-year-old
Indian fiesta, a beach bathing
beauty contest, and two color
full Spanish fiestas.
The Rainbow Farms are some
5000 acres of flowers grown
in big plots like wheat in the
Lompoc and Santa Maria VAL
leys north of Santa Barbara.
They reach peak bloom acres
upon acres of Colds, blues, red,
magenta; sweet pea, petunia,
larkspur, poppies, marigolds.
They are allowed to dry and
harvested for their seed which
sprouts in most flower gardens
of America. Visitors are well
come to drive and walk the
roads beside the fields. I0mpoc
holds a flower festival June
% and "a.
Marines of Camp Pendleton
at Oceanside hold the worlds
biggest free-to-the public rodeo.
Only Marines can compete.
Also at Oceanside 40 beauti-
full bathing girls will compete
for the Miss Southern Cali
fornia of 1862" title in a con-