davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-20
Bar to Tshombe

I read in The Sunday Star
that our State Department
is not going to permit Noise
Tshombe to come to this
country to receive an award
from Young Americans for
Freedom. This award is for
the people of Katanga for
their stand against commu-
nism and President Tshombe
is to accept it for them.
We allow Cheddi Jagan,
Sukarno and other pro-Com-
munist dignitaries to enter
the United States. We even
roll out the red carpet for
them. But let one strong
anti-Communist try to enter
this country and we lock and
bolt our doors.
Robert S. Townsend.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-20
WSTAS IN SCIENCE
By THOMAS r. HENRY
Atmosphere Mirrors Plants Breath

decomposition of the organic
matter. Most of the energy of
the lightning bolt then may
be due to the upward move
ment of organic matter giving
rise to the charge produc-
ton. Whereas part of the
spectrum of the lightning bolt
can be interpreted as due to
the activation of gases 1t
should be determinable to
what extent burning of the
organic matter may be in
volved." Il
There are great tides in
the atmosphere but they are
hardly discernible at the
earth's surface. They are the
product Jointly of the gravi-
rational pulls of moon and
sun and heating by the sun.
This has been reported to
the National Academy of Sci
ences by DR.. Bernard Haur-
WITT of the University of Col
orado's High Altitude Observ-
atory.
At the bottom of the at,
moSphere, DR.. Haurwitz re-
ports, these tides manifest
themselves mainly as small
variations of atmospheric
pressure with periods of IL
solar and II lunar hours.
There also is a pressure os-
cillation of "a solar hours
which is distributed very ir-
regularly over the earth.
Meteor Trails Studied
Recently data have been OBJ
tanned on the variations at
attitudes of 80 to 100 kilo-
meters. There the variations
are much stronger than at
the earth's surface. The data
were obtained by observing
with the aid of radio tech
niques the drift of meteor
trails. -
From the observed wind
variations" says the report.
1.-The pressure variations at
these attitudes can be de-
duced. The computations
show that the pressure am
plitudes are five per cent
or more of the mean atmos-
pheric pressures at these
levels. If periodic pressure
changes at the ground were
equally large compared with
the mean surface pressure
they would completely over
shadow the irregular pressure
fluctuations associated with
weather changes.
THE diurnal and semi
diurnal pressure oscillations
at these attitudes show pro-
nounced season variations.
The semidiurnal oscillation
has its maximum in winter,
the diurnal in summer"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-20

backlog Of needed capital improvements.
Initiation, or acceleration, of work on
these, under competent safeguards, at
a time of declining business activity
could provide the double purpose of
providing employment and providing
facilities of genuine value. The Presi-
dents blueprint is good one. Congress
should write specifications that are COM
parably worthwhile.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-20

The breath" of plants re-
leased into the atmosphere is
the probable cause of the blue
haze which develops over
continents in summer. 1t con-
sists of submicroscopic par
ticleS which reflect especially
the short-wave blue light from
the sun. 1t also can be COM
bined into larger microscopic
particles producing darker
colored layers and develop
ing into so-called veil clouds.
1t also may be the basic cause
of lightning:
This thesis is presented by
DR.. F. w. Went, director of
the Missouri Botanic Gardens
at st. Louis, in a report to
the National Academy of Sci
ences.
The material is later pre-
cipitated with rain or snow
and may be a source of mat
ter from which petroleum is
formed. 1t also may have an
important part in the forma-
ton of lightning. A major diff
ficulty with his calculations,
DR.. Went says in his report,
has been that much more
organic material is released by
plants into the atmosphere
than can be accounted for in
deposits in the earth's crust.
Lightning Calorie Packed
But" he says, "a rough
calculation shows that the
amount of energy which is
released as lightning about
is billion billion calories a
year-is of the same order of
magnitude as the caloric val
ue of the volatile organic
matter released yearly into
the atmosphere. The POSSIBLE
ity seems to exist that thun-
derstorms remove part of this
organic matter again from
the atmosphere.
THE volatile organic matter
produced by plants is the only
material which has a move
ment up into the atmosphere
and does not return to the
earth as such. Most of the
energy of the thunderstorm
release of rain and hail
and production of winds
is due to normal meteorologi-
cal forces. The electricity of a
thunderstorm is a different
matter, since the electrical
energy is released in an ex-
ceedingly short time and
therefore must be accumu-
lated. This accumulation Of
energy occurs almost exclu-
sively over vegetated land
areas.
Il suggest, therefore, that
the charge production in a
thunderstorm is due to the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-20
THE POLITICAL MILL
By GOULD LINCOLN
Dirksen Victory Vital to G. 0. P.

J. Daley, Democratic boss Of
the city, may roll up for Mr..
Yates. But also Senator Dirk
sen has a record as a vote
getter in Cook County-Chi-
cago and many Of its SUBJ
urbs. He carried the county
by 5000 votes in his first
election to the Senate In 1850
and again in 1855 by $4,000
votes. Former President
Eisenhower was not on the
ticket in 1950-though he was
in 1856. And in 1850, Dirksen
defeated Senator Scott Lucas,
the then Democratic leader Of
the Senate.
To Watch Chicago Vote t'
President Kennedy carried
Illinois over former Vice
President Nixon with a scant
lead of 5000 to 5000 votes,
a lead which was rolled up in
Chicago. There were many
irregularities in the city vot-
ing, and the charge was made,
that the election had been
stolen" In the same election
Senator Paul Douglas. Dem
ocrat, was reelected by q
big vote and the Democrats
elected a Governor. All Of
which encourages the Demo-,
Gratis to believe they can de-
feat Senator Dirksen next
fall. A great deal will depend.
however, on how well the.
Illinois voters like President
Kennedy and his various pro-
grams. Mr.. Yates, the pro-
spective Democratic sena-,
torial candidate, has an all
most complete record Of sup
porting, by his votes, the
measures the President has
urged upon Congress. -
The Republicans in Chi
cago will try to see to it that
only an honest vote is cast
in that city. Because of the
cutlery against crooked vot-
ing in 1860, the balloting will
be under careful scrutiny. Mr..
Yates represents a Chicago
district. He was the choice
of Mayor Daley and his or
ganization after Adlai Stew
enson, United States Ambas-
sador at the United Nations,
declined a Daley invitation
to run for Senator. And the
Daley organization and Dem
'ocrats in the State generally
are trying to build up Mr.
Yates politically. He has not
been known in Statewide
politics. They think they car,
do the job successfully. Mr.,
Yates, a Chicago lawyer, is a.
quiet man compared to Sen
ator DirkSen, who is known
throughout the State and, in
deed, throughout the coun-
try. as a speaker and a cam
paigner. If Mr.. Yates wins.
he will be the first Jew to
represent Illinois in the Sen
ate.
A defeat for Dirksen is not
expected. But if it should
happen it would be a terrific
blow for the Republicans.
Further, such a defeat might
easily be accompanied by dis
astrous results for the G.. o. P.
in other big States. Sen Dirk
sen in this election will per-
sonify opposition to President
Kennedy's big-spending, big
government, and social well.
fare programs. which, as Re
publican leader of the Senate,
he will attack in Congress
and during the coming cam
paign.'
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-20

On April 10, voters in Hi
nois will go to the polls to
nominate two senatorial can
didates-one a Republican,
Senator Everett Mckinley
Dirksen, and the other a
Democrat. Representative
Sidney R. Yates. Both men
will have token opposition
in their parties primaries,
and both will be nominated.
The politicians on both sides
will be eagerly scanning the
size of the votes cast as an
augury of what may happen
next November when the gen.
eral election takes place.
In this mid-presidential
term election, no contest will
be more closely followed than
this senatorial race. 1t will
bring directly in opposition
the Kennedy administration
and the Republican opposi-
tion-for Senator Dirksen is
the Republican leader Of the
Senate and representative Of
the great Midwest territory
which has been a traditional
stronghold Of the G. O. P.
in many elections of the past.
Illinois sent Lincoln, the
first Republican President, to
the White House. In addition,
Illinois contains a great city,
Chicago, where the Demo-
Gratis usually have a political
Stranglehold in elections.
The fact that there are
many other offices, including
those for the House, for which
candidates will be nominated,
should help to bring out the
voters, even though the nom
nations for the Senate are
cut and dried and virtually
won already. This is true of
both parties. On the Repub-
lican side, just for example,
three veteran members of the
House are not seeking re-
election, and there is a big
scramble of candidates seek
ing to succeed them. Mrs.
Marguerite S. Church of the
18th District is bowling out,
and six Republicans are seek
ing nomination in this dis
trict lying within Cook Coun-
ty, which includes Chicago.
Noah M. Mason of the 18th
District is retiring after &c
years service in the House
and six Republicans are striv-
ing to succeed him. Repre-
sentative Robert Bruce Chip
erfield of the 10Th District
also is retiring after serving
"a years. Three Republican
candidates are seeking tc
represent this district.
Defeatist Idea Refuted
Such a voluntary exodus
of Republicans from the House
might be considered a sign
that the G. o. P. sun is set
ting rather than rising in the
Prairie State-and Democrats
may SO interpret it. But the
number Of Republicans seek
ing their places-in districts
which have been faithful to
the G. o. P. so long-seems
to answer such a defeatist
idea.
Both Senator Dirksen anC
Mr.. Yates are taking nc
chances. They are campaign
ing whenever they can gel
away from their duties here
Senator Dirksen is relying or
a big doWnstate vote-down.
state is any territory out.
side Chicago - to overcome
any plurality Mayor Richard
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-20
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used IT
letters carry 1DriterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
tiers are subject to condenSa-
ton. Those not used ,DilI be
returned only 1Uhen accom-
panied by self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-20
Police Shortage?

At $50 pm. on st. VAL
entine's Day I stopped on
Eastern avenue, across the
District line from Silver
Spring and dashed into a
store to make a minor pur-
chase. I saw a sign which said
"One Hour Parking" Unfor-
tunately, I did not read the
fine print-nor did I read the
other 3 or 4 signs that defy
Interpretation.
I came out of the store at
5:31 and found a police car
pulled up behind me with 3
police officers-I repeat 3.
Now then, I'm a compare
lively SLOW draw" and did
not propose to resist in any
way the presentation of the
Valentine that one of them
was making out for me.
Being a polite fellow, I said,
Thank you, Sir" when the
Valentine was presented. Be-
ing human also, I could not
help but think that in view
of the police shortage, I Won
dered why one or two of
the triumvirate couldn't be
spared to chase purse-snatch-
erS.
Also, although I can see
why $40 might pertain in the
mo Standing" area in the
downtown section, I Won
dered about the heavy charge
in the relatively light traffic
area.
The general unfairness of
things like this causes the
average suburbanite to avoid
the District whenever posi-
BILE. The net effect is loss of
revenue, which certainly con-
tributes to the distress area
conditions that pertain in
large sections of the District.
Being fair minded, I don't
mind supporting one police
man; but 3 is quite a heavy
load. C.. ]. NeSSer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-20

not live by bomb shelters
alone but by mems hearts,
if at all. Ralph S. Long.
Evening star., 1962-04-10
ZONING
County Years Ahead
On Apartment Land

argue that their hands are tied
The courts, they say, have ruled
rezoningS must be granted il
developers prove an error in the
original Zoning map of 1949, OF
that there has been a change
in the area to warrant higher
density use.
Citizens irate rezoning COM
plants have put the subject in
the platform of the Indepen-
dent Democrats, campaigning
to oust the incumbent Demo-
cratic administration in the
May Is primary.
The federation's Project
Marlboro report urging charter
government recommends a
number of new coming proce-
dureS. Among these is plac-
ing greater emphasis on
existing but undeveloped apart
ment. commercial, and indus
trial land when more rezonings
are sought for these uses.
Mr.. Mulligan has repeatedly
urged the commissioners tc
head off SPECTATORS by %
reasSessing land Immediately
after rezonings, and (2), auto.
matically reverting property
back to its previous zoning i
it is not developed within ;
reasonable time. say three o.
five years.
Evening star., 1962-04-10
Gas Price War
Seen Depending
On Independents

If the independent gasoline
dealers maintain their prices
as they have been, the likeli-
hood of a price war will dimin-
iSh, a spokesman for Washing
ton area dealers said today.
Paul v. Noonan, executive di-
rector of the Greater Wash
ington Service Station Asso-
citation, said there was no way
to tell how the independents
would go. But they haven't as
yet dropped their prices" hi
said. II think they're going tc
sweat it out"
He said he hoped the indie.
pendents would let the two
companies which are selling
lower-grade gasoline at re.
duced prices, Gulf and Sun Oil
fight it out with each other. HI
said that suppliers of gas II
the independents have not vel
dropped wholesale prices.
Another sign, he said, is that
two other oil companies which
lowered prices for a few days
last week, American Oil Co
Evening star., 1962-04-10
5 U. S. Planes Burned
In Laos, Reds Report

TOKYO, April 10 (AP) The
Communist New China News
Agency said today Five Ameri-
can airplanes were destroyed on
the ground in Laos by saboteurs
on April 3.
Quoting the radio of the pro-
Communist Pathet Lao, the
Red Chinese agency said the
planes were burned out on
April 3 during a storm by peo-
pie who found a way into the
airport"
The report indicated the air.
port was in Savannakhet Prov
ince in Southern Laos but gave
no other details.
Another Peiping mouthpiece
the newspaper Ia Kung Pao
blamed the United States fol
the failure of Laotian leaders
to agree on a coalition govern
ment and said war clouds are
hanging lower and lower over
Laos"
The withdrawal of the So
million monthly United States
economic aid to the Vientiane
government is nothing but a
smoke SCREEN" the official
newspaper said.
The United States stopped
the economic aid-but not Its
military aid-to the conserva-
Evening star., 1962-04-10
Speculation Blamed
RIGHTS
Continued From Page Al

Continued From Page Al
gress and ratification by at
least two-thirds of the States.
Gov. Harrison's request was
presented to the committee to-
day by Democratic Representa-
tive Tuck, a former Virginia
Governor. Mr.. Cellar explained
that "the considerable argu-
ment" did not involve the
merits of the resolution but
only as to whether the commit
tee should postpone action on
it, He said the committee
finally agreed mot to forestall
the Governor of a Southern
State from expressing his
views"
The chairman declared that
after the subcommittee hear
ing he would urge the full COM
mittee to move with all rea-
sonable dispatch and not tol-
crate any dilatory tactics"
Sees States Injured
In the Senate hearing, Sena-
tor Erwin told the Attorney
! General he construed the bill
as denying to North Carolina
the right to require a person tc
show that he can read anc
write provided he has a certi-
ficate showing he completed
the sixth grade in school.
. Mr.. Kennedy agreed with
Senator Erwin that, if all the
Evening star., 1962-04-10
Gen. Beach to Succeed
Trudeou in Research

Retiring 1t. Gen. Arthur G..
Trudeau will be succeeded by
his deputy. Maj. Gen. Dwight
E. Beach. as chief of research
and development in the Army.
the White House disclosed to-
day.
President Kennedy nomi-
mated Gen. Beach for tempo
rary promotion to lieutenant
general and Gen. Trudeau for
the permanent rank of lieuten-
ant general on the retired list.
The President also nominated
1t. Gen. Robert j. Wood, now
commander of the Army Air
Defense Command, for promo
ton to four-star rank in a new
assignment as director of mill
tary assistance in the office of
the Assistant Secretary of De-
fense for international Security
Affairs.
Gen. Wood succeeds Gen.
Williston B. Palmer, who is re-
turning to the retired list. Maj.
Gen. William w. Dick, jr., now
commander of the Sd Infantry
Division, was nominated for
promotion to lieutenant gen.
eral as successor to Gen. Wood
as commander of the Army Air
Defense Command.
In another nomination, the
President named Mai. Gen.
John H. Michaelis, now COM
mander of the United States
Evening star., 1962-04-10
Potomac River
Commission Aide
Is Appointed

Arnold C. Sternberg, Wash
ington attorney and member
of the Democratic State Gen.
trail Committee for the District
of Columbia, was appointed by
President Kennedy today as a
member Of the Interstate Com
mission on the Potomac River
Basin.
Mr.. Sternberg was named to
succeed Mark D. Hollis, who
has resigned. Members Of the
commission serve without COM
pensation.
Mr.. Sternberg, 81, is a grad
uate of the University Of Wis
consin and Of George Wash
ington University Law School.
He practiced law in Buffalo,
N. Y, before entering law prac-
tice here in 1858. He is chair
man of the Democratic State
Central Committees subcom-
mittee on District affairs. He
also is a member of the Jewish
Education Committee, Jewish
Community Council of Greater
Washington and vice president
Of the Lafayette Home and
School Association.
With his wife and. three
children. Mr.. Sternberg lives
at 5535 Nevada avenue NV.
Evening star., 1962-04-10

tive Laotian government in an
attempt to pressure Premier
Prince Boun Gum and the
strongman of his regime, Gen.
Phoumi Nosavan, to agree to
neutralist Prince Souvanna
Phouma's conditions for the
coalition. So far Prince Boun
Gum and Gen. Phoumi have
not wavered in their refusal
to let the neutralists take over
control of the army and the
police.
Ia Kung Pao said while the
United States Government was
declaring it would continue to
pressure Prince Boun Gum, "re-
ports from the Laotian front
showed that United States Of
ficers were directing attacks
against the liberated areas of
Laos and United States-piloted
aircraft were lifting war ma
terials to rebel forces in Nam
Tha.
Furthermore, on United
States orderS Thai forces
fighting together with the Lao
tian rebels have increased from
three to ten battalions. Air
planes with United States in
sigma have repeatedly intruded
into the air space over the Lao
tian liberated areas for recon-
naissance."
Evening star., 1962-04-10
CIereymen Clear
In Jackson Case

JACKSON. Miss. April 10
(AP).-County, Judge Russell
Moore dropped charges today
against is Episcopal clergy
men who had appealed breach
Of peace convictions stemming
from q desegregation attempt.
His action came on the rec
ommendation of special prose-
cutor Jack Travis, jr. The e
ministers were convicted earlier
in City Court.
The IL white clergymen-one
of them the Rev. Robert L.
Pierson. son-in-law of Gov.
Rockefeller of New York-and
three Negro clergymen were ar
rested September Is when they
tried to desegregate the white
waiting room of the railways
bus terminal.
Each was convicted and SEN
fenced to a $40 fine and four
months in Jail, and released
on $500 bond.
Evening star., 1962-04-10
DIVERS
Continued From Page A..

Continued From Page Al
their skindivers' flippers and
rubber suits. Mr.. Dickson said
there was some difficulty ex-
planning the difference between
a frogman and a skindiVer in
Spanish.
The three Washington men
said they will return home by
car on Thursday or Friday.
Release Came as Surprise
Their release by the Cubans
yesterday came as a surprise to
most people. including the
treasure hunters themselves.
First held in a house and later
given red-carpet treatment in
the luxurious Rivera Hotel in
Havana, the men were flown
to Miami with little advance
notice yesterday afternoon.
They had little to declare at
customs. Most of their equip
ment except the clothes on
their backs apparently went
down last Thursday when their
45-foot shrimp boat, Pisces,
sank on a reef off the barren
shore of Cuba's Oriente Prov
ince.
They were carrying small
Evening star., 1962-04-10
MoreMosIer1s
Slain in AIgiers

ALGIERS. April 10 (AP).-
A street incident here today
reflected key aspects of the
terrorist struggle that involves
Algeria's North African ma
jority, European settlers ano
territorial authorities.
Pursuing the rightist Secret
Army's campaign against the
prospect of Algerian independ-
ence, a gunman shot a Moslem
pedestrian. The MoSlem fell
seriously wounded.
A French gendarme-a ma
tional policeman - sought tc
intervene.
Another shot rang out and
the gendarme fell, fatally
wounded.
The killer escaped.
A Moslem was slain and six
persons were wounded in other
incidents in Algiers before
noon.
Twenty persons-19 Moslems
and a European-died in ter
rorist attacks throughout Al
geria yesterday.
Eight Moslems and ont
European were wounded.
Most Of the victims fell il
this capital, which also wa!
the scene of six plastic boml
explosions.
Four grena AIDES exploded
today in a police camp at Oran
in the west. No one was hurt
Gendarmes opened fire with
machine guns. but the grenade
tosserS escaped.
Evening star., 1962-04-10

Army in Alaska, for promotion
to lieutenant general as COM
manding general of the 5th
United States Corps in Europe
The White House also dis
closed that 1t. Gen. Lionel c,
McGarr. chief of the American
Military Assistance Group in
South Wet Nam, is retiring.
No successor has been named
for him.