davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-09
The Function of Profit

1t is passing strange, or something
worse, in this Nation that has achieved
unparalleled economic strength under
the private-enterpriSe system that there
is increasing need for explanation, even
defense, of the vital role of profit.
Seemingly lost to sight, either de-
liberately or through lack of under
standing, is the simple truth that without
reasonable hope of profit, in a free
enterprise economy, there would be
little incentive for capital investment
and small attraction for business ven
ture or expansion. An alternative, of
course, is totalitarian economy-where
capital is commanded by government
and operation Of business and industry
is function of the State.
In answer to questioning by ALL
CLIO President George Meany about the
specific relationship between profits
and jobs, Charles r. Sigh, jr., executive
vice president Of the National ASsocia-
ton of Manufacturers, has offered some
useful reminders of the place of profits
in the economic system of our choice.
ut is" he points out, business activ-
ity undertaken in the expectation Of
profit which creates jobs. If the profits
are realized, the jobs continue and per-
haps grow in number. If the profits are
not realized, the jobs and the companies
which offer them eventually disappear
Although the expectation of profit may
be land often is) disappointed, If it
does not exist the economic activities
which create jobs simply do not occur"
There is much more to Mr.. Sligh'S
discussion of the profit incentive, but
on one aspect he made another partic-
ularly persuasive point. 1t is in refer
ence to the position taken by most of
organized labor, and some others, that
the most effective economic Stimulant
would be to increase purchasing power
through tax relief in the lower brackets,
higher wages and Stepped-up govern
ment expenditures. His answer in
short, is that dispoSable personal in
come has been rising without a break
since 1889 yet we have persistent UNI
employment problem, that higher wages
without compensating increase in pro-
ductivity would increase unit costs and
prices, and that larger government ex-
penditures imply either heavier taxes
or initiation. To this, he added:
The fact is that dollars accumulated as
capital and induced to take risk ventures by
reasonable prospects for profit. act far more
as multipliers of economic activity than dol
lars injected into consumer markets.
Each dollar invested goes to work immedi-
ately to create jobs. not only in the enter
prise in which it is invested but also through
the purchase Of plant, equipment and mate
rails. The payrolls thus created add far
more to the consumer spending stream
and furthermore continue to add indefinitely
as people earn money from the new jobs
which have been created.
Economists, like people, tend to dis
agree. For our part, we do not consider
profit almost dirty word"-as former
President Eisenhower recently COM
planned. When management and labor,
along with government, cooperate in
creating conditions favorable to it, the
economy will benefit and job oppor-
tunities will expand.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-09
Montgomery Zoning

OIlc Oh IIlC LIIOSI 4II1pOl Id1lI
decisions facing the Mont
gomery County Council, at
the present time. is whether
or not to adopt and imple-
ment a 5-acre open spaces"
zone. AS a longtime resident
(33 years. and landowner in
the upper county, I approve
the proposed 5-acre zone and
hope it will be adopted and
applied to at least some
areas in the county. I hope.
also, that the County Council
will, in the near future,
adopt the proposed general
plan for the county which
provides for the preservation
of areas of low density or
open spaces between corri-
doris of dense development.
Certainly, it is time for a
change in the present con-
tinuous 1a-acre coming exist
ing in the major part of the
upper county. In a county
having as high an average
income as reported for Mont
gomery, it can certainly sup
port some areas of estate,
farmette or large lot (2-5
acre. zoning in addition to
the present 1a-acre coming.
This type coming is needed
especially in places that
should be protected from in
tensive development. For ex-
ample, stream valleys, thick
ly wooded areas, areas of
great natural beauty and, at
least, some Of our best farm
land. All of these areas can
not be purchased for public
parks nor should we allow
them to be developed inten-
Sively. The only alternative
is large lot or agriculture
coming.
Our present concepts Of
the rights of private owner
ship of land must change as
the population increases.
Modern ideas of land use
control must be accepted by
private landowners for the
overall public good. Land is
to be cherished, not wasted.
As asked by David Hume, re-
cent primary candidate for
Governor of Maryland, do we
own the land or do we hold
it in trust for the future?
Secretary of Interior Udall
aptly stated my feelings
when he said. =. The over
riding need of men for an
environment that will renew
the human spirit and sustain
unborn generations requires
some sacrifice of Short-term
profits" I say that Mont
gomery County should adopt
the 5-acre zone and apply it,
along with the l and 2 acre
zones, to protect at least
some of its remaining stream
valleys, fertile farm lands,
woodlands and wilderness
from intensive development
before it is too late.
H. B. Atkinson, Jr.
Germantown, Md.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-09
Dual Compensation

I wish to publicly thank
Chairman Murray Of the
House Civil Service Com
mittee for sponsoring a bill
to revise the Dual Compen-
sation Act.
Few people are aware OF
the discrimination involved
in the Dual Compensation
Act. This act bars all regular
officers of the military from
seeking and holding civil
service positions after re-
firing from the armed forces.
In the event a retired. regu-
lar officer, does accept Fed
eral employment he must,
under the terms of the Dual
Compensation Act, forfeit his
entire pension. However, his
counterpart, the reserve Of
ficer, can accept Federal en-
ployment, and does not have
to forfeit one penny of his
pension. He also retains all
military benefits, i.e., medi-
cal, commissary, and clubs.
Unfortunately when the
regular officer became a
member of the armed forces,
prior to World War II, he
was a career man, and in
tended to remain ION the
Job" until death or age
forced him into retirement.
He did not start an "associ-
alton" or union to protect
his rights. In 1857, Congress
passed the Hump Act, where
by, both regular and reserve
officers, are being forced into
retirement. Most of these
men are in the 1888 year
bracket and are having diff
ficulty finding employment.
We are now living in an
age of youth and civilian
employers are not hiring ex-
officers who have attained
the age Of so. The reserve
officer can always obtain a
Government job but the
regular" officer has no
place to go. Most of these
mem fought two hot" wars
and one cold" one and now
they are "out on a limb.
Letters to your Congress
men might help Chairman
Murray in his effort to re-
move this blight" from the
records.
Navy Wife.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-09
Virginia Hypocrisy
"Amen" to your editorial

AIIlcLl 10 your eQ1COTlal
"Absurdity in Virginia"
A few Sundays ago, I was
third in line at a check-out
counter in a Virginia drug
store. The first customer in
line was a man who bought q
6-pack carton of beer and
walked out. The second Gus
toner was a boy, about 9
years old, who dropped a
handful Of pennies, nickels,
and dimes on the counter to
pay for a baseball bat. The
cashier shook his head and
told the boy he could not
have the bat as it was
against Virginia law to sell
baseball bats on Sunday!
You can imagine the look
on that youngsters face as
he picked up his change.
Incidentally, I had no trou-
BILE buying a pair of sun
glasses.
The cashier and clerks
were disguised at having to
disappoint the youngster.
One clerk told me that if
Virginia collects taxes on a
certain item, chances are
that that item can be sold
on a Sunday. I don't know if
that is so; however, I under
stand that anyone can buy a
Virginia ham on Sunday.
Yet, a boy could not buy a
baseball bat-to the shame
Of the lawmakers of Vir-
GINA. Absurdity? Hypocrisy
is more like it. r. johnson.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-09
The RombIeHs)

Over the years I have en-
joyed the Rambler's column
and. like all of those who
read it, I was distressed to
learn of Mr.. Kennedy's i'll
ness. However, I would like
to express my sincere appre-
citation of the excellent COL
umn Myra Macpherson has
produced in Mr.. Kennedy'S
absence. She has caught the
spirit of the thing and I
know that even Mr.. Kennedy
must be pleased with what
she is doing. It is not easy
to take over an assignment
so ably handled by another
over the years. Incidentally,
the story Of Mr.. Kennedy and
his bearded friends was de-
lightful.
Mildred Cline Walden.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-09

The showing made by
George Romney, Republican
nominee for Governor in
Tuesdays Michigan primary,
although pooh-poohed by the
Democrats, demonstrated he
has the support Of his own
party to an unusual degree,
and that he may attract in
dependent and Democratic
votes next November. In his
race for the nomination Che
was unopposed except for a
write-in vote). Mr.. Romney
rolled up about 440, 900 votes.
His Democratic opponent in
the coming general election,
Gov. John B. Swanson. had
some $4,000 votes. He, too,
was unopposed.
In the recent past. Republic
can candidates for Governor
have run better than their
Democratic counter-parts in
primary electionS-and failed
in the stretch. But Mr.. Rom
ney, the man who made
automobile history with his
compact Rambler car, who
had q great part In bringing
about the writing Of q new or
revamped State constitution
still to be voted on. and who
has supported many civic
causes, apparently has made
a real impression on the peo-
pie.
Odds in His Favor
The betting which was
against his being elected Gov
ernor Immediately after he
announced his candidacy last
winter, has shifted. He is now
given better than an = even
chance.
Mr.. Romney Is q newcomer
in the field Of politics-as
was Wendell Willkie of Indi-
ana and Commonwealth &
Southern when he sprang
into prominence in 1910. He
is an attractive, hard Limiting,
Woodworking 54-year-old. In
fact. he exudes personality.
He has q flair for winning
friends-and some enemies.
Mr.. Willkie, projected into
the race for the Republican
presidential nomination, had
the backing Of virtually all
the big financial interests in
the country. Mr.. Romney,
when he entered the political
field this year. was anathema
to some Of the big money
bags in Michigan, leaders
among the producers of auto
mobiles on whose toes he
trod. He is as independent as
a hog on ice. He has criti-
cized both Big Business and
Big Labor. But as the months
passed. he made a more
favorable impression on
Michigan's industrialists. He
will have the opposition Of
Walter Reuther and the JAW
and strong opposition it
will be. On the other hand,
he got along well with labor
as president Of American Mo-
tors. Also. he handed the
JAW its first industry profit
sharing plan.
The primary voting shows
clearly that Mr.. Romney is
being given q clear field by
the Republicans. The voters
in the Crosse Point district
a well-to-do population
turned out Richard Durant.
a John Birch Society adher-
ent and a longtime Repub-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-09
School Prayers

The Supreme Court ruling
on prayers in the public
schools continues to be the
subject of much heated de-
bate. What amazes me Is
the persistence with which
the courts majority opinion
is misinterpreted.
Nowhere in the ruling, by
any possible Interpretation Of
the words used, does the court
prohibit the free exercise of
religious beliefs. What it does
hold to be unconstitutional,
as violating the establish
ment Of religion" clause, is
that the State, through its
school officials, should use
its considerable powers to
sanction any religious belief.
The crux of the matter, then,
is the tremendous influence
the State can WELD, directly
or indirectly. when it offic-
tally permits prayer services
to be held in the schools.
Prof. Charles S. Collier
asks. What harm or injury
was done or threatened to
anyone?," and then goes on
to carefully list all the pre-
cautions taken by the New
York authorities to ensure
that no such harm or injury
would occur. Perhaps he has
forgotten how clannish school
children can be. precautions
Notwithstanding, promptly
proceed to riducle and tor
ment those who do deviate.
Prof. Collier might reply
that no Supreme Court rul-
ing will eliminate such cruel
ty. But the point here is that
the State Of New York. by
establishing an official norm
in prayers. be they denomi-
national or non-denomina-
tional, is encouraging such
cruelty by automatically
singing out a minority which
does not conform. 1t anyone
wants to know how vicious
and sadistic such persecution
can become when it Is Of
ficially encouraged by the
State. I refer him to the suf-
fering Of Jewish children I'M
der Hitler's Third Reich, so
wildly described by Andre
Schwartz-Bart in THE Last
Of the Just"
Some commentators recog-
nize that the rights Of min
critics are involved in this
controversy, yet they glibly
dismiss the matter with such
a remark as, 1.-The majority
has its rights, too" We
Americans are proud Of our
tolerance and of our hatred
of injustice, yet there is
little ground for pride If our
tolerance extends only to
such inconsequential matters
as whether we prefer vanilla
to chocolate ice-cream, or
baseball to football, but re-
coils at including differences
in religion or race. And true
justice will only exist in this
land when every one of us
protests as loudly and We
hemently about an injustice
done to our fellow-citizen as
If it had been done to us.
DR.. Herman WE'LL
Visiting Lecturer in History,
University of Maryland.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-09
Dog Days

Many Of late have asked:
Is the Department of JUS
tice going to the. dogs? Now
it appears that the dogs are
going to the Department Of
Justice. Perhaps. at that,
a seeing eye" there might
not be amiSs.
We were not previously
aware that the duties of
pretty secretaries" included
walking dogs, and had inno-
Gently assumed they were
earning their salaries (paid
by our taxeS) by doing the
work required in the run
ming Of their various depart
ments.
If there is not enough work
to keep them busy. why not
save a bit here and there on
salaries, to add to the $50
fine our Attorney General
will undoubtedly pay now it
has been brought to his at
tention that he was break
ing a law in bringing a dog
into a public building. Or
are Kennedy dogs above the
law-and is ignorance of
same a defense-in privi-
legged cases?
If Mr.. Kennedy would hire
as dog-sitter and walker for
his lonesome pet one OF
those youths who turn to
crime because of lack Of en-
ployment, there might be
on the streets Of Washing
ton one less potential knife
wielder, thug and/or rapist.
Ex-DemOcrat.
Added to the administra-
tons Augean stables. we
now have a kennel in the
Justice Department.
John Stewart.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-09

by polio do away with him?
Certainly such wilful destruc-
ton of human life has no
place in a society which calls
itself civilized.
This tragic situation Is a
strong argument for better.
drug control.
There Is no moral argu-
ment for abortion.
Mary O'COnnor .MOriarty.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-09
Protests Abortion

In all the recent publicity
given to the Finkbine case,
there has been no mention
of the right to life of the
child whose existence is soon
to be ended by request of its
parents. This child is unborn
but nevertheless is a living
person, and should be en-
titled to protection from
what is nothing less than
murder. 1t is possible, though
still uncertain, that the
child is malformed but this
is no reason to destroy it. Do
the parents of a child crippled
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-09
THE POLITICAL MILL
Romney Takes Over State G. o.P.
By GOULD LINCOLN

lican leader, and put In his
place q supporter Of Mr..
Romney. Only last month.
Mr.. Romney declared that
he wanted no truck with the
John Birchers and that the
reelection Of Mr.. Durant
would be a reputation Of
himself. Mr.. Durant and his
organization were soundly
licked at the polls. Also
three extreme right-wing
members Of the State legis-
lature. two in the Senate and
one in the House. were de-
feated by former members
of the Con-Con Estate Con-
stitutional Convention), all
supporters Of Mr.. Romney.
The revamped State Con-
stitution has been made an
issue in the coming guberna-
torial campaign. with Gov.
Swanson opposing it and
Mr.. Romney supporting it.
The convention delegates
were elected by the people.
and they were almost 2-to-1
Republic nan election
which jolted the Democratic
Party and raised G.. o. P.
hopes. The proposed consti-
tuition will not be voted on
itself next November the
vote will come in April - but
it may have its effect in the
gubernatorial contest.
The Democrats have held
control Of the State house in
Lansing ever since @. Men
men c'Soapy") Williams was
first elected IA years ago.
He had a big hold on the
Michigan voters. They liked
him. And now they seem to
like Mr.. Romney, as opposed
to Gov. Swanson, who also
was Lieutenant Governor
during Gov. Williams sixth
and last term, and who is
colorless.
Can't Discount Labor
It would be foolish, how
ever. to discount the strength.
Of Walter Reuther, the JAW,
and the CLIO in Michigan
elections. They will put on q
strenuous campaign, it is
said, for the Democratic can
didates, as they have done in
the past. Indeed, they have
taken over In large part the
Democratic Party in the
State. Wayne County ODE
troit). where the labor union
element is largely concen-
trated. is the great Demo-
cratic stronghold whose vote
the Republicans in the out
lying areas of the State must
overcome If Mr.. Romney Is
to win.
Michigan. through the re-
apportionment Of congress
sional seats under the 1860
census, gained one additional
congressional district. The
Republican and Democratic
candidates for this House
seat will run "at-large"
(State-wide) because the
Governor and the Repubi-
can-controlled State legisla-
ture were unable to reach
agreement on redistricting
plans. This race win be
watched with interest. too.
The G. o. p. candidate is
former Congressman Alvin
Bentley. and Neil Staebler,
Democratic National Com
mitteeman. will oppose him.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-09
May Aid Psychiatry

The idea of the Oklahoma
experiments is to get men
away from all this into a
condition about as near death
of body and mind as can be
i'm a gin e d. Thus far, DR..
Shurley reports, there have
been three generations of ex-
periments. In the first series
the scientists themselves
served as subjects, making
sure that no harm came from
the procedure and improving
the techniques.
In the second series the
subjects were non-paid volun-
teers, mostly scientists, and in
the third series they were
paid, volunteer medical stu
dents and a few patients.
The experience to date, DR..
Shurley says, strongly indi-
Gates that the immersion
technique may well become a
useful tool in psychiatric ex-
animation and diagnosis. 1t
should prove of special value
in selecting men for long
space flights in which they
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-09
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDriterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
tiers are subject to condenSd-
ton. Those not used tDiH be
returned only iDhen accom-
panied BY self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-09
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Results of Living in 'Nothingness'
By THOMAS r. HENRY

will be subjected to some
what similar conditions.
At present records are be-
ing studied in efforts to find
various m entail conditions
which appear to have some
association with accounts of
experiences in this over
whelming nothingness which
might be compared to contin-
ued consciousness after death.
1t has been established to
date that the technique is
painless and that no mental
injury results from it.
Suicide now is the eighth
leading cause of death among
white men in America.
This is shown in a report
Of studies by Drs. Edwin s.
Schneidman and Norman L.
Farberow Of the psychiatric
staff Of the United States
Veterans Administration. 1t
is Of special significance
among war veterans under
VA care. Extensive Stats
tics are being collected, both
in veterans hospitals and in
the country at large.
In recent years the total
suicides reported in the coun-
try was 10000. Approx
mately 10000 were white
males and 5000 white wom-
en-. Most occurred between
ages Of 40 and SIS. Leading
causes Of death over the
country as a whole, in order
Of numbers, are heart dis
ease. cancer, accidents, in
fluenza and pneumonia,
hardening of the arteries,
diabetes and cirrhosis Of the
liver. Self-destruction fol-
lows close behind these, the
investigators statistics show.
The leading means are fire
arms, hanging, carbon mon
oxide from auto exhausts,
barhiturate poisoning and
drowning.
Practicable to a Point
Overall statistics on sui
eide" says the report, "are
in some ways similar to traf-
fic mortality figures. The Ma
tional Safety Council can
predict rather accurately the
number of traffic deaths over
a Labor Day weekend based
on exterpolations from pre-
vious years, but they cannot
tell us what we want to
know most-when, where and
who.
$50 with suicide statistics,
one gets a global picture but
it is an overall picture that
is not directly helpful in pre-
venting an individual sui
eide. Prevention involves g.
sentially the behavior Of an
individual"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-09
What About SobIen?

Does Britain have two codes for
dealing with undesirable aliens from
this country? If not, why did it deport
Nazi leader George Lincoln Rockwell
while convicted Soviet spy Robert
Soblen remains in a London cell, the
subject of ludicrous Squabble?
Long known for its patience with
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-09

NOAO1lOCCI cOJOuIuCIS LUZ
extended periods in moth
ingness" - absolute solitude
with nearly complete absence
Of sight, sound, smell, touch,
sense Of upwards and down.
wards, about everything that
makes up the everyday world
Of everybody-are subjects of
a far-reaching United States
Veterans Administration ex-
pertinent.
The method and some of
the results have just been
reported by DR.. Jay T. Shur-
ley of the VA hospital at Ok
lahoma City where the
experiment originated. The
subjects are kept suspended
in a tank Of water completely
shut off from the world
around them Tor periods OF
two hours or more.
"It is a matter Of common,
everyday observation" says
DR.. Shurley that every &C
tive, alert individual in the
course of q day is both the
originator and recipient Of
an uncountable number Of
physical energy exchanges of
widely variable quality and
in e n sity. These sights,
sounds, smells, and touches
which impinge constantly on
his sensory receptors have
long been the subject Of
mans daily preoccupation in
his need to ensure action cal
culated to safeguard his sir
vival, avoid pain and gain
comfort and FULFILL his indi-
vidual destiny"