davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-08-09

organizations in the sustained
desegregation efforts.
The first demonstration In
three days came yesterday in
the form Of a lunch counter
sit-in, resulting in the arrest
of two Negroes.
Fifteen more Negroes were
Jailed today after they picketed
with anti-Segregation signs for
about As minutes In the down.
town area. They were arrested
for refusing to obey officers
when crowds began forming
along sidewalks. Police said
they asked the picketers to
leave because Of the possibility
of trouble.
Oppose Injunction
Long-sought Federal help
materialized yesterday in the
closing hours Of q seven-day
hearing on the city's effort to
outlaw marches, boycotting,
picketing and other protest
activities.
Justice Department attorneys
argued against the Injunction
in a brief filed with Federal
District Judge j. Robert Elliott.
The attorneys questioned
Judge Elliott's jurisdiction and
said that even If he had au-
thority to proceed. injunctive
action would still be precluded
by fundamental principles of
equity"
City officials. the brief con-
tended, should be required to
comply with desegregation rul-
ings before the court further
considers the complaint"
Decision Held Up
The hearing ended with
Judge Elliott announcing:
"At this moment. I'm not
Evening star., 1962-08-09

expressed deep concern for the
effect the Army conflict might
have on his drive to get Argen-
tina's stagnant economy NOV
ing again.
Army Split
The Army crisis stems from
the military's custer of Presi-
dent Arturo Frondizi last April
and the subsequent forcible
recess Of Congress and annul-
ment of the March elections in
which followers Of ex-dictator
Juan D. Peron scored sweeping
victories.
The move split the Army into
several factions. One opposed
the move altogether as uncon-
stitutional. Another indorsed
the hard line against the
Peronists but pressed for an
early return to constitutional
rule. Still another urged an
outright military seizure of
power.
Rival Army factions came to
the verge of shooting in late
April. Gen. Enrique Rauch,
tough cavalry commander, sent
tanks to the edge of Buenos
Aires and demanded that Gen.
Raul Poggi. then commander
in chief and instrumental in
Mr.. Frondizi's overthrow, give
Mr.. Guido a freer hand toward
restoring constitutional govern
ment.
Shooting was averted and
both men resigned. Mr.. Guido
then named Gen. Loza to the
War Ministry. A relative un-
known politically, Gen. Lozs
tried to restore Army unity
through strict discipline. But
the commanders were more in
terested in politicking thar
soldering.
TOranzO Sparks Revolt
Maj. Gen. Federico Toranzc
Montero. pint-sized command
er of the 4th Army Corps
sparked yesterdays rebellion
He drove to the remote city o1
Jujuy, 800 miles northwest oi
Buenos Aires, proclaimed him.
self Army commander in CHIEF
and demanded that Mr.. Guido
fire Gen. Loza.
Other com m a ders an.
nounced support of the rebel
and accused Gen. Loza of WELD
ing iron-fisted, one-man rule
over the Army.
Evening star., 1962-08-09

Senator Goldwater, Republican
Of Arizona.
Senator Goldwater wanted to
know how policies advocated
by Gen. Taylor in his book
squared with policies of the
new administration.
Senator Goldwater said Gen.
Taylor's book indicated that the
general advocated a "city bust
ing" general war strategy while
Secretary Of Defense McNa-
mara had indicated in a recent
speech that the administration
had shifted to a strategy which
would attempt to spare Soviet
cities provided the Russians
spared American cities.
Conditions Held Changed
Gen. Taylor said the question
involved secret targeting plans
and could not be answered in
public. But he did say that
conditions had changed since
he wrote his book and that he
would have to revise his views.
In answer to further Gold
water questions, Gen. Taylor
said that he believed use of
small nuclear weapons in Eu-
rope would not necessarily re-
suit in a general nuclear war.
Gen. Taylor said also that he
would have to restudy his past
plea for a / million-man Army.
Army strength now is at $780,
900, about 100000 more than
at the time Of Gen. Taylor's
retirement.
Asked how his policy of
flexible response" differed
from the late Secretary of
State Dulles policy of mas
sive retaliation" Gen. Taylor
said that late in his career
Mr.. Dulles told the Joint Chiefs
Of Staff that the existing weap-
ons and strategy were made
quate to give the country the
flexibility it needed.
Avoids Bomber Question
Gen. Taylor agreed that the
no-city nuclear war strategy
requires the use of more versa
tile, manned bomberS at this
time, but he avoided saying
whether he believes bombers
will continue to be needed into
the foreseeable future.
He did not know whether
another military adviser to the
President should be appointed,
he said, because such a post "is
a personal matter with the
President"
Gen. Taylor said he had al
ways favored strong strategic
nuclear forces as we'll as small
tactical nuclear weapons. His
book. he said, criticized "an i'm
balance" in forces.
Sees Overemphasis
There was an overemphaSiS
on the development of nuclear
forces, particularly strategic
nuclear forces, during his years
as Army Chief of Staff, he said. I
THAT trend seems to be re-
versed." he said.
In his book, he said, he
pointed out that the chiefs of
staff of the individual services
have a dual function-that of
military commanders of their |
services and also that of mill
tary advisers to the civilian |
leaders. -..
Gen. Taylor was named to
succeed Gen. Lyman L. Lem
nitzer, present jos chairman |
and former Army Chief of
Staff, who has been appointed
supreme commander of United
States forces in Europe as well
as NATO chief.
Evening star., 1962-08-09
Pyramid Outdone

Grand Coulee Dam contains
more than seven times as much
masonry as the Great Pyramid
of Cheops in Egypt.
Evening star., 1962-08-09
U. S. Action Stirs Hope
Of Georgia Negroes

ALBANY, Ca, Aug. (AP).-Federal intervention in
Abanys long bitter neraon fight renewed the hopes
OF Negro leaders today after city officials again slammed
the door on biracial talks.
Clergymen from other States continued pilgrimage to
Albany joining Albany Negroes and about outside
Evening star., 1962-08-09
ToyIor Denies He Plans
To Push jos Chances
By RICHARD FRYKLUND
Star Staff Writer

Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor assured Senators today that
he is not returning to the Pentagon "a for
change"
Gen. Taylor, military adviser to the President
nominated by Mr. Kennedy to be Chairman of the Joint
Chiefs of Staff The Senate Armed Services Committee
Evening star., 1962-08-09

expressed deep concern for the
effect the Army conflict might
have on his drive to get Argen-
tina's stagnant economy NOV
ing again.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-22
British Criticism
Quoted by Tuss

MOSCOW, Dec. % (AP).-
The official Soviet News Agency
TasS had this comment today
on the Kennedy Macmillan
talks:
British public opinion re-
CARDS the outcome of the Mac
millan-Kennedy talks in the
Bahamas as a failure for Brit
ish diplomacy.
The more sober-minded
commentators admit that even
had Britain succeeded in OBJ
tanning the promised American
Skybolt missile, this would not
have meant at all that she
could become an independent
nuclear power
THE British press is unani-
nous on one point: The Mac
millan-K e nne dy agreement
means that Britain will have
to increase still more her mill
tary expenditures, which, as it
is, put a heavy drain on the
treasury, particularly If one
considers the colossal sums
spent for the development Of
the British Blue Streak missile,
which was later dropped, and
the Vulcan bombers to carry
Skybolt missiles"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-22
Judge Dismisses
Indignation Suit

GREENVILLE, S. c., Dec. %
(AP) The suit of a Charles
ton Negro seeking admission
to all-white Clemson College
has been dismissed, but there
is little doubt that the ruling
will be appealed promptly.
Il still want to go to Glenn
son." was the only comment
o. Harvey CAN'T, 20, the Negro
architecture student who sought
to break the racial bar at
Clemson.
South Carolina Is the only
State which has not given
ground in some degree toward
school degeneration.
Fast action by Mr.. Gantt's
attorneys would make it pos
Sible for the United States
Fourth Circuit Court of APP
peals to pass on the appeal
before the start of the next
school term, late next month.
United States District Judge
C. C. Wyche threw out Mr..
Gantt's complaint yesterday on
grounds he failed to comply
with rules and regulations at
Clemson when he made appli-
cation to the school.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-22

washington. hes Cne 1UCn
man to be in charge of giving
and loaning United States
dollars to friends and allies
around the world since the
Marshall Plan was launched in
1913.
At the swearing-in cere-
monies, Secretary of State
RuSk read a message Mr.. Ken
nedy had sent from Nassau:
This brings my congratula-
tons and thanks as you take
over a still more challenging
assignment.
I'm sure my troubles with
AID are over, and l hope that
yours will never begin"
The group attending, mindful
of the sharp attacks some Con-
gress members have aimed at
the foreign aid program, plus
the problems of juggling re-
quests for aid from the worlds
trouble spots, laughed at the
Presidents message.
The 43-year-old former Har-
ward economist said he tackles
his new job with the feeling
that foreign aid money must be
spent "frugally, prudently" and
with maximum return for our
outlays."
Mr.. Bell, a one-time admin
istrative assistant to former
President Truman, plans to
leave Wednesday on a three
week tour of some countries
which are major recipients of
United States foreign aid, in
GLIDING Korea, Formosa, Wet
Nam, India and PakiStan.
At the same time it was
learned from informed sources
that Mr.. Bell has no plans for
a shakeup in AID. There was
an administrative and person.
mel reorganization under Fow-
Ter Hamilton, New York attor-
ney, who had the job a little
more than a year before re-
signing last month. Prior to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-22
Po|aris Offer
Interests Paris

PARIS, Dec. % (AP) Some
French officials termed today
the American offer of Polaris
missiles highly interesting.
They said a preliminary study
indicated 1t met some of Presi-
dent Charles de Gaulle's de-
mands on Western nuclear
strategy.
These officials fastened to
add that thus far Gen. de
Gaulle has not reacted formally
to the offer and that it was
doubtful whether any quick re-
Spouse could be expected.
President Kennedy sent a
personal letter yesterday to
Gen. de Gaulle offering to pro-
vide Polaris missiles to France
on the same terms agreed upon
with British Prime Minister
Harold Macmillan.
Under terms of the Nassau
agreement the Polaris- equipped
forces would be used for inter-
national defense of the West
except where he (Macmillan)
may decide that supreme ma
tional interests are at stake"
French officials saw the Po-
laris offer and the loophole. in
use of the weapons as an i'm
portant change in United States
policy.
They said that. applied to
France, this may indicate
agreement with Gen. de
Gaulle's desire to push forward
his independent nuclear force
but also to try to tie 1t to
common defense strategy.
Gen. de Gaulle wants con-
troll of his nuclear force first
of all to protect Frances own
interests, and secondly to boil
ster Western defenses.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-22

that there we're several shake
ups in the various agencies
which have handled the for
eign aid program.
Informed sources also said
the Kennedy administration
will again ask Congress for
about IS billion for foreign as
SiStance. That was the request
this year and Congress sliced
almost 81 billion from it.
Mr.. Bell will receive $22, 500
a year, the same as his salary
as budget director.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-22

along the coastline. Cold
wave warnings were up for a
huge area of the central third
of the country for tonight as
far south as Northern Texas
and Oklahoma and along an
eastward line from Missouri TO
Upper Michigan.
Temperatures will plummet
to 20 below zero in North
Dakota and Northern Mime
sofa by dawn tomorrow, the
Weather Bureau said.
The American Automobile
Association reported that most
major highways from the Dis
trict were pasSable, but snow
covered, slippery and wet.
Most of the highways were
being Sanded ana the use of
chains was advised for some
roads. The speed limit on the
Ohio turnpike was reduced to
40 miles per hour.
The Weather Bureau warned
that a surge of Arctic air NOV
ing into the Middle Atlantic
Coastal States late tomorrow
night and Monday will create a
cloudy and quite cold" Christ
mas in the Washington area.
Yesterdays storm struck on
the last day of autumn. 1t de-
veloped from two low pressure
systems which moved in from
the South and West and from
a high pressure system from
New England. The mantle of
snow was spread all the way
from the Carolinas to New
England and from the Atlantic
as far west as Nebraska.
The official measurable fall in
the Washington area was So
inches. Snow depths in Virginia
ranged from several inches to
ii in some mountainous Sec
tons. The fall in Central and
Western Maryland measured 4
to 6 inches.
Runways Sanded
National Airport runways
were being plowed and san0ed
so arriving aircraft could
operate with a minimum of
delay.
The traffic situation in the
District was eased yesterday
when Government employees
were excused from their desks
two hours earlier than usual.
Policemen were called to work
up to two hours earlier than
they had been scheduled, and
others remained at their posts
beyond the regular time TO
direct the homeward flow of
traffic. Traffic was heaviest at
3 pm, but police reported no
unusual tieups or serious
accidents.
The Districts emergency
street parking ban was lifted
at 1880 am. thus opening up
streets. designated as emer-
gency snow routes, to parking.
All major streets were reported
paSsable and crews continued
to salt and sand others
throughout the day.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-22
Condition of Green
Continues Critical

PROVIDENCE, R. l., Dec. %
(AP) Former United States
Theodore Francis
95, remained in critical
condition at Jane Brown Hos
pital today although he has
emerged from a coma.
Mr.. Green, Oldest man ever
to serve in the Senate, was hos
pitalized Wednesday. His doc
tor said he had suffered a
series of slight shocks comph-
Gated by pulmonary infection.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-22
Tshombe Raps
j. ). Mission
Sent 10 CONGO

ELISABETHVILLE, Katan-
ga, Dec. % (AP). - President
Noise ,Tshombe's government
has Joined in the protest made
by some Leopoldville deputies
against the arrival in the Con-
go of a United States military
mission.
I'VE protest against the neo-
colonialist maneuvers which
are against the interest of the
American people," said a COM
munique issued by the presi:
dental office here last night.
The communique also said
Katangans have the right to
demonstrate, "even if these
demonstrations are against a
great foreign power interfering
in African politics"
Windows of the United States
consulate were broken in a
demonstration Thursday.
I'VE have always had friend
ship for the American people,
but for the last two years we
have been victims of State De-
partment policy" the commu-
nique said.
Interior Minister Godefroid
Munongo referred to the tear
ing down Of the American flag
in the incident as IAN accident
beyond our control"
THE United States President
himself dirties the American
flag by violating principles of
liberty and fraternity upheld
by his predecessors" Mr.. Mu-
nongo declared.
Extreme Nationalist members
of the Parliament in Leopold
vile, foes of Congo Premier
Cyrille Adoula, accused the
United States yesterday of try
ing to establish a military base
in the Congo with the conniv-
ance of the United Nations.
1t. Gen. Louis w. Truman,
head of the United States mis-
sion, conferred in Leopoldville
today with Gen. Joseph D. Mo-
butu, the CongoleSe army COM
mander.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-22

18th General Assembly session
just ended.
Mr.. Stevenson said the eight
man mission led by 1t. Gen.
Louis w. Truman had been
sent to strengthen United Ma
lions Secretary General U
Thant's plans to end the seces-
sion of Katanga Province.
But Mr.. Zorin accused the
United States of embarking on
"the road to direct subversion"
of U. N. principles.
This cannot but lead to
serious complications of the
situation inside the Congo and
outside" he said.
Won't Pay Bill
Mr.. Zorin declared anew that
the Soviet Union has no inten-
ton of paying any part Of the
$40 million-a-month Congo bill
which prompted the Assembly
to schedule a special session
next spring to deal with the
threat of U. N. bankruptcy.
Mr.. Zorin charged that the
Assembly had no legal right to
station the 18,000-man U. N.
force in the Congo and insisted
that the matter should be
handled by the Security Coun-
Gil where the Russians WELD a
veto.
The arrival of Gen. Truman
and his mission in Leopoldville
was accompanied by an anti
American burst of criticism
from opposition members of
the Congo parliament there
yesterday.
Extreme nationalists charged
the United States was prepar-
ing to set up a military base
in the Congo, and called on
Premier Cyrille Adoula. whose
friends in parliament have been
dwindling, to explain his de-
pendence on U. N. support.
No Red Intervention Seen
Gen. Truman said he would
meet with military and other
officials to see what kind of
United States military equip
ment would be useful to the
U. N. force. He said his mis-
sion did not foreShadow the
sending of United States troops
to the Congo.
Some elements Of the Congo
Army have been reported ia
vorable to accepting Soviet
weapons and launching an Of
1enSlVe on Jnelr own 10 crush
Katanga's secession.
Mr.. Stevenson said as far
as he knew there had been no
Soviet intervention IN the Con-
go and added, II hope I am
properly informed"
He predicts an agreement
before Christmas that will
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-22

wind up the Cuban crisis. He
said he expected the United
States and the Soviet Union
will end the matter by filing
statements with Mr.. Thant.
Mr.. Thant has warned that
the u. N. cannot survive as an
effective force, unless members
lay aside political differences
and help pay the $3.50 million
Congo debt.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-22
List Letters Found

BUDAPEST, Dec. % CAP).-
A diary and "a letters written
by Composer Franz List, dat
ing from 1865. have been found
in Szekszard, a small town in
South Hungary. They will be
published soon.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-22
CONFERENCE
Kennedy, Macmillan
Aqree on A-Forces

under an agreement that she
would buy 100 of the Skybolts.
Technical problems and costs
mounted to the point that the
President decided the United
States could not get its moneys
worth by going on with the
project.
The British, counting on Sky
bolt to maintain their nuclear
power. raised such a Juror that
Mr.. Kennedy offered early in
the Nassau talks to continue its
development If Britain would
pay half the future develop
ment costs, estimated at about
5000 million. Production of the
missiles the British wanted
would cost much more.
Mr.. Macmillan decided not
to accept this offer because of
uncertainties regarding final
costs and doubts that technical
problems plaguing the program
ever could be overcome.
Hound Dog, an operational
American air-breathing missile
with half or less the range ex-
pected for Skybolt, was reject
ed as an alternative because of
technical difficulties in adapt
ing it to British bombers.
This left Polaris as an al
tentative to Skybolt, and the
way the accord worked out
made it much more than that.
In the American view, Sky
bolt already was out of date
anyway because it is associated
with manned bombers which
the Pentagon high command
considers have life limited to
the 1960s. The Polaris subma-
rine weapons system, however.
is given survivability" rating
far in excess of bombers, ex-
tending into the 1980s.
For the British, the SWITCH
over from bombers to atomic
submarines as the firing plat
form for nuclear weapons will |
take some years to complete.
One informed guess is that it
will be 1869 or perhaps 1870
before the Polaris equipped
British forces are deployed on
NATO assignment as envisaged
by the Kennedy Macmillan |
agreement. viewer, the
United States viii begin supply
ing component parts to the
British almost Immediately.
The presumption of Ameri-
can officials is that the British
will develop their own atomic
submarines for the Polaris
missiles.
Cost estimates on the mis-
siles themselves, without the
warheads and submarines that
make them a weapons system,
were not available. But a !
PolariS submarine equipped
with Is missiles and all that
goes with them costs the United
States about $160 million.
Britain's nuclear power now
depends on dropping gravity
bombs with nuclear warheads
from planes and nothing in the
Nassau agreement affects this.
But experts believe nuclear
forces depending on bomber
delivery Of a warhead over a
target have a very limited life
because of the nature of Soviet
air defenses.
1t is in this context that Mr..
Macmillan's agreement to make
all the Polaris missiles Britain
gets from the United States
available for inclusion in a
NATO multilateral force APP
pears to mean the end of an
independent nuclear power role
for Britain.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-22
President Thanks Bell
Jests at AID Troubles
BY the Associated Press

David E. Bell has the testing best wishes of President
Kennedy in his job head Of the United States Foreign
Aid Program.
Mr. Bell formerly Mr. Kennedys director of the budget
sworn in yesterday director of the Agency
national Development of the major headache jobs