davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-30

The action Of the Supreme
Court banning prayer, nom
UNCONVENTIONAL and non-com-
pulsory, from the public
schools Of New York is plac-
ing the High Court in greater
jeopardy than the school
children-in jeopardy Of loss
Of respect. President Kennedy
seemingly recognized this
when he commented at his
recent press conference: "The
Supreme Court has made its
judgment. A good many peo-
pie obviously viii disagree
with it; others will agree with
it. But ! think it is important
for US, II we are going to
maintain our constitutional
principle, that we support
Supreme Court decisions even
when we may not agree with
them"
The Supreme Court has
commanded great respect. 1t
has been regarded in the past
as a great tribunal. a Defend
err Of the Constitution of the
United States and the Amer
lean people. 1t is in danger
Of losing such respect in the
minds Of many. This school
prayer decision is only the
latest to arouse criticism. The
court repeatedly has been
criticized in recent years for
striking down State lines and
with invasions Of States
rights. 1t has been criticized
for striking down State laws
under which criminals and
Communists have been pros
ecuted and found guilty. It
has been criticized on the
ground that it 'arrogates to
itself law-making privileges.
as well as the destruction Of
State laws, and Of extending
Federal jurisdiction in realms
which many believe are re-
served to the States under the
Constitution. It has been &C
cused Of straining interpre-
tation Of the Constitution be-
yond a reasonable point.
This is a situation not con-
ducive to respect for the
court. The indignation which
its school prayer decision has
aroused should make its i'm
preston. Common sense, as
well as legalism which relies
on hair-splitting, is a valu-
able asset in construction Of
the Constitution.
Atheistic Effect Feared
Americans, from colonial
times, and more particularly
since the War Of the Revolu-
ton and the formation of the
United States, have been
strongly in favor Of the prin-
ciple of separation Of church
and State. But it does not
follow that the Government
Of the United States should
be denied the right to recog-
nize God. That the Govern
ment should in effect be
atheistic or even "neutralis-
TIC" Yet it is argued this
would be the effect Of the
Courts decision If CARED to
the ultimate degree.
OF course, it is urged by
some that this decision is
narrow, that it is confined
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-30

Study OF the nervous sys-
TENS of animals and their
Unborn abilities now Is giving
many clues to engineers,
especially designers of scien-
tific apparatus.
This is explained in a bull
letin just issued by the
Arthur D. Little Co. Of Cam
bridge. Mass. closely asso-
ciated with Massachusetts,
Institute of Technology.
For example, mechanisms
used by many marine ami
mails to maintain buoyancy
are serving as guides for sub
marine and ship designers. A
good case in point is that
Of the Portuguese man-of-
war which has a gas-filled
float and sensory cells that
tell it when to secrete enough
gas to keep it floating at the
surface. The buoyancy Of
the squid is regulated by the
density of water in the body
fluid which, in turn, is regu-
lated by the body's produc-
ton of more or less ammonia.
Chemical Possibilities
1.-THE body structures of
higher animals" says the re-
port, reveal unusually re-
fined structural engineering
features which may be put
to human use. The mechan-
ical engineering Of the pump
that is the heart and the
valves in the blood vessels
is of a high order. The biol
ogist can see in them posi-
bilities for new mechanical
devices.
For example, a movable
pile fabric might be con-
trived using the mechanism
that makes hair stand on end
or the crest of a bird to rise
and fall. A wall hanger could
be worked out from the de-
sign elements that permit a
woodpecker to support its
weight by its opposed claws
and the tip of its tail.
There are chemical posi-
bilities as well. For example,
the starfish secretes a Wis
cous adhesive which works
under water. The chemical
principles involved sh oul d
lead to the design Of new in
dustrial adhesives.
Organic che mists and
pharmacologists have long
been working on new drugs
which are only slight modi-
fications of existing biologi-
cal compounds. This ap-
proach is particularly useful
in the synthesis of anti
biotics and in programs for
cancer chemotherapy.
1.-THE iridescence of bird
feathers and many shells fol-
lows because the materials of
which they are made are ar
ranged in a pattern forming
a miniature diffraction graf
ing that breaks up reflected
light into its color compo-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-30
LETTERS TO THE STAR
BHckbots and Bouquets for Supreme Court

Due to space limitotions. the let
tiers on this and the opposite pose
conclude, for the time being at
leost, the debote on the Supreme
Courts school prayer decision.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-26

ton choose to row him across
the Potomac?
1.-TWO IriShmen.
More on the Irish
"And who did Washington
choose to get through the
British lines? His ace spy,
Fitzsimmons-an Irishman.
And what did they call the
Massachusetts line in the War
of Independence? It was often
called the Irish line"
He won still another cheer
when he added:
"And now we can share our
pride that an Irishman is presi-
dent of the United States"
Mr.: Kennedy was frequently
asked if the President would
make a pilgrimage to his
ancestral home in County WEEK
ford. He replied that he knew
nothing of the Presidents plans
but that he was sure he would
be happy to make the trip il
he could find the time.
Once again he refused to say
whether he Is a candidate fol
the United States Senate anc
repeated his promise of a state.
ment of his plans by early April
Inside a local hotel Mr.. Ken.
nedy met 16 of his Irish rela.
tives and talked with them fol-
half an hour.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-26
BY the Associated Press

Elderly persons 65 or older
make UP over 8 per cent of the
Nations total population anG
Is per cent of the voting-age
population, the Population Ref
erence Bureau reports.
The bureau, a private re-
search group. in a survey re-
leased last night noted that
in contrast, the 65-and-ovel
group in 1900 made up only
4 per cent of the population.
Based on 1860 census figures
1876 million of a population Of
1898 million were in the 65-
and-over bracket. This rep.
resented a 10-year increase OF
34.7 per cent in the elderly
group. nearly double the 1876
per cent growth rate of the
population as a whole.
The bureau estimated thai
as of today there are 1875 mil
lion people in the Nation, II
million IS or older.
Proportionately, New Eng.
land and the Great Plains have
the Heaviest concentration Of
elderly inhabitants with the
Mountain and Southern States
lowest.
Within the elderly group, So
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-26
TedKennedy Ends Trip,
Believed in Senate Race

ton to succeed in public life
In conversation he minimized
the political significance of his
trip. But his visit to Ireland
though mainly a sentimental
trip to the home of his ances-
tors, gave him the chance to
produce a couple of crowd
rouSing speeches. They seemed
aimed as much at the Masssa-
chusetts voter as at his Irish
listeners.
Speaking in New Ross, the
Southern port from which his
great grandfather sailed tc
America more than a century
ago, Mr.. Kennedy said his mis-
sion was to tell the Irish of the
great feeling of affection sc
many of my fellow citizens Of
Massachusetts, and the United
States owe to you"
Then he steamed up thu
crowd with a slap at the British
and the centuries of oppressive
legislation from which he sale
Ireland's struggle for freedom
was born. He added:
! who did George Washing.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-26
9PerC entof Population
Over IS, Study Shows

Fper cent are women, As per cent
men, although females make ur
81 per cent Of the general pop
ulation. In contrast, non-whites
make up II per cent ef the total
population but only 8 per cent
of the elderly.
The bureau reported the
growth in proportion of IS.
and-over citizens has had two
main effects.
First, it has brought a great
increase in groups and activ-
tiles made up of and conducted
by or for the elderly. These in
clude such things as special
housing centers, spreading
practice of geriatric medicine
programs for training and hir-
ing older workers. special &C.
tivities clubs for senior citizens
and growing concern about
such things as medical care fol-
the over-64s.
Second, the increasing pro-
portion of elderly has been &C.
companied by an increase ir
the UNDERGO group to make the
overall dependent or semi-de.
pendent population niue h
larger in relation to those In
the most productive working
years.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-26
THE FEDERAL SPOTLIGHT
Army Civilian Employees in Area
Rate High in Use Of Sick Leave

Roosevelt, Democrat of New
York, both of whom are OPP
posed to the provision and voted
against it in the House.
Il
DEFENSE COOPERATION
AS part of the Kennedy adj
ministration's new labor-man-
agement policy in Government,
the Defense Department has
provided a rent-free office in
the Pentagon concourse to the
American Federation of Gov
eminent Employees Council of
Defense Lodges. The office is
located near the Pentagon Post
Office at the far end of the
arcade of retail stores and near
radio station MARS.
It will serve as a convenient
information center for the 20
AFGE defense lodges in the
Washington area and provide
office space for the council Of
ficers. Council conferences and
lodge meetings will be held
there.
CAPITAL ROUNDUP The
American Society of Training
Directors has given it's annual
awards to Raymond Cornwell,
District Government; S. Walter
Hixon, jr., National Aeronau-
tics and Space Administration
and Josephine Butler, John
Marcoot, John McCracken and
Martha Shedrick, Bureau of
Labor Statistics. Horace
Long has received the Ali
Forces exceptional civilia r
service award. Nays
David Taylor Model Basin has
given superior accomplishment
awards to William Balough
Lawrence Cox, Alfred Jacobs
Frederick Metzger, Henry Rim.
lex, Charles Sprinkle, Johr
Stephenson, Charles E. Brown
James Linskey, Edward Rohrer
Calvin Slaton, Mrs. Dorothy
CLANCY, Chalice Baker, Clar.
, ence Crum, William Wilder
George Gould, Mrs. Normarit
Patton, John Brandau anc
Daniel Dixon.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-26

plan that disappoints him is
that it does not provide suffi-
cient pay raises for lower-grade
Government and postal jobs.
He said he will join in the
effort to make these increases
more adequate.
William Doherty, president
of the National Association of
Letter Carriers, said the adj
ministration's pay proposal for
Ilower-salaried postal and Fed
eral workers is "far too low"
Calling the administrations
proposals "woefully weak" Mr..
Doherty said the administra-
ton hes compounded its error
by expecting those employees to
wait until January, 1868, to re-
ceive even the pittance that is
being offered them"
Mr.. Doherty declared, Let
ter carriers and other Federal
employees need a stable pay
raise, not next year, not three
years from now, but NOW"
Il y
GOOD CHANCE-There's a
good chance that the House.
Senate conferees will knock out
the provision barring Govern
ment employee union member
ship for employees in the Labor
Department handling the well
fare and pension plans dis
closure program.
Government employee union
leaders are fighting the provi-
sion since they feel it could set
a dangerous precedent whereby
Congress could bar additiona.
groups of Federal employees
from union membership.
Senate conferees appointed
to meet with House conferee;
on the welfare and pension
plans disclosure bill (the House
d. adopted the controversial pro.
viSion) have promised Fedora
: employe leaders they will d.
: everything they can to elimi,
nate the provision.
! Also encouraging to employt
leaders is the fact that HOUSE
conferees include Chairman
Powell of the House Labol
Committee and Representative
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-26

Foreign Minister M. A. H. Luns
before leaving The Hague to-
day. He refused to say whether
he had offered any suggestions
on the Indonesian dispute. Mr..
Luns said they had a good
and friendly exchange"
Arrives From Bonn
Mr.. Kennedy arrived in The
Hague yesterday from Bonn.
Soon after his arrival he and
his wife had tea with Queen
Juliana at Huis Ten Bosch her
palace on the outskirts of the
Hague. Last night the Attorney
General dined with top govern
ment officials and West New
Guinea was the chief topic OF
after dinner discussion.
Before sitting down with the
Foreign Minister today Mr.
Kennedy paid formal calls on
Premier Jan de Quay, Justice
Minister Albert Herman, World
Court President Bohdan Wini-
arski of Poland, and Philip c
Jessup, the United States men,
Der of the court.
Mrs. Kennedy, meanwhile,
made a sightseeing tour of the
Hague, Delft and Amsterdam
Before leaving West Germany,
the Kennedys drove the Is miles
from Bonn to Cologne yester-
day to attend mass at the
famous Cologne cathedral.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-26

KINGSTON, N. Y, Feb. 26
(AP).-Three skindivers died
yesterday when a mud slide
trapped them 100 feet under
water in an abandoned stone
quarry and their air supplies
ran out.
A fourth diver, who made a
daring attempt to rescue them,
was reported in fair condition
at a hospital today, suffering
from shock. He knew his own
breathing apparatus was defec-
tive when he made the rescue
attempt.
Dean Delbene, treasurer OF
the 1,000-member Illinois Coun-
Gil of Skin and Scuba Divers
an affiliate of the Underwater
Society of America, called the
deaths Of the three men "def-
initely the worst tragedy in the
history of scuba diving" Scuba
divers take their air tanks with
them, instead of receiving all
from above through a hose.
One Air Force Man
Those asphyxiated were: Jack
Lepinski, q, of Wakefield
Mich, a United States Ali
Force man who had been at
tending courses at an Interna-
tional Business Machines Corp
plant here; David Lasher, 80
and William Mills, ST., As, both
of this city on the Hudson
River.
Under treatment at Benedic-
tine Hospital is Gerry Klemm
~, of Kingston. who attempted
the rescue.
The quarry is 8. miles from
here in a desolate area.
The prelude to the tragedy
had started when eight mem.
bers of the Ulster County Skin.
divers Club went to the quarry
a favorite spot for skindivers
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-26

DUBLIN, Ireland, Feb. &c
tAP).-Edward (Ted) Ken
nedy, the Presidents 30-year.
old brother, today wound up 6
tour that has been part of his
political education and boarded
a plane for home. to put thai
education to the test.
Mr.. Kennedy. although max
ing the ambiguous noises ex-
pected of American politicians
left no doubt here that he is
a candidate for the Massa.
chusetts Senate seat vacated
by his brother.
His last engagements of hi
three-week trip to Israel anc
Europe were a visit to the
United States Embassy anc
lunch with Irish PreSiden
canon de Valera.
Speeches Reused Crowd
Mr.. Kennedy showed her
some of the qualities that tool
his brother to the top-goo'
looks, lucidity, and determine
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-26

General had nothing specific
to discuss with them.
Mr.. Kennedy told reporters
he was in general encouraged
by what he had seen on his
trip that has included stops
in Japan, Southeast Asia, Ger
many and the Netherlands. In
answer to a question, he said
In areas where I have been
I think we have been making
a great deal of progress"
Before setting out for Paris
on the last leg of his world
tour, Mr.. Kennedy told news
men at The Hague he felt
United States prestige abroad
had been boosted since his
brother became President.
Mr.. Kennedy had a 7O-min-
ute conference with Dutch
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-26
BY JOSEPH YOUNG
Star Staff Writer

Army civilian employees in the
Washington area use more sick
leave than their colleagues in
the rest of the country.
This is the finding of the
Army Department, the Govern
ment's second largest employer,
in survey made of sick leave
use by its 100000 civilian en-
ployes.
Army's civilian employees in
Washington use about Is per
cent more sick leave a year
than Army's civilian workers
outside Washington.
Army's civilian workers here
use an average of 81 to II
hours of sick leave a year.
Army officials say they don't
know why sick leave is used
more in Washington than else
where, but they are making
studies to find out why.
They suspect that one rea-
son is that supervision in the
field over sick leave use is more
strict than it is in Washington.
Incidentally, Army's increas-
ing interest in the problem has
resulted in a 25 per cent re.
duction in sick leave use by it,
employees during the past two
years.
PAY COMMENT - What
they're saying about Govern
ment pay raises:
One of the House Democratic
leaders is predicting to his col
leagues that a rs per cen
Government and postal en-
ploye pay raise will be enacted
effective July l this year, with
a possibility of a two-year steE
increase, 5 per cent effective
July l and S per cent next year
Representative Broyhill, Re
publican of Virginia, a membe
of the House Civil Service Com
mittee, praises President Ken
nedy's Federal pay reform plal
and says he will give it hi
active support"
Mr.. Broyhill said the onl,
aspect of the Presidents pa,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-26

to their explosive dispute ovel
West New Guinea. He said hi
got the impression on his visit
to Indonesia that the Indone-
slams will not attack and are
willing to negotiate with the
Dutch.
Mr.. Kennedy will visit Pres
ident Charles de Gaulle and
Foreign Minister Mauric {
Couve de Murville tomorrow
He told reporters at the airport
he and his wife Ethel are "just
here to see Paris and I only
wish our stay were longer"
United States Ambassador
James Gavin, with Mr.. Ken
nedy nodding agreement, ex-
planned the visits with Gen
de Gaulle and the Foreign
Minister were merely courtesy
calls and that the Attorney
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-26
hreeSkindivers Killed
In Stone Quarry Trap

because the WATERLOO feet
deep at spots-doesn't freeze
in the winter.
Mr.. Lepinski, Mr.. Lasher, Mr.
Mills and Mr.. Klemm entered
a narrow tunnel and made
their way to the dark quarry
shaft $50 feet inside a hill.
Sharp Drop
The quarry shaft drops off
Immediately from the end OF
the tunnel at about 20 degrees
from perpendicular. A number
of rooms, more than 100 feet
long, lead off the shaft at diff
ferent levels.
Mr.. Klemm's oxygen regula-
tor did not operate properly
and he remained at the top to
hold ropes tied to each of the
others. When they failed to
give the customary periodic
tugs on their ropes to let him
know they were all right, Mr.
Klemm rushed outside and told
the other club members to cal
police. He then sped back into
the tunnel. put on his owr
defective apparatus and divec
into the pool to search for his
companions, who had a one.
hour air supply.
Mr.. Klemm found then
partially buried in mud. The
bodies of Mr.. Lepinski anc
Mr.. Lasher were lifted to the
surface on rope. Police anc
firemen tried for two hours tc
revive them.
The rope attached to Mr.
Mills waist broke as the other
divers tried to lift him. State
police will try to recover his
body today.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-26

leg, lay before a tobacco shop.
A Moslem girl in expensive Eu-
ropean clothes Graded his head
in her lap waiting for police
and an ambulance.
Indiscriminate Attacks
Sirens walled through the
center Of town. Police jeeps and
armored scout cars mounting
50-caliber machine guns rushed
back and forth.
Police said there were no
more ambulances available to
pick up the dead. only the
wounded. Some corpses re-
NAMED in full view Of passershy
for about an hour.
Over the week end at least
Sc persons were killed in what
seemed to be indiscriminate
attacks by Europeans and
Moslem terrorists. The Sat-
urday toll was 80, and another
26 were reported killed yes
.terday.
Some 800 Moslem students at
the University of Algiers went
on strike, protesting that police
protection against the Secret
Army terrorists was not ade-
quate. Mail delivery men also
continued a strike for more
protection which they de-
manded after seven postmen
on their rounds were shot last
week.
Delay of News Seen
Informed sources said Alger-
ian leaders attending the secret
conference of the National
Council in Tripoli probably
would hold up announcement
of their acceptance Of peace
terms until Rebel Premier Ben
Youssef Ben Khedda returns to
Tunis, permanent headquar-
tiers of his National Liberation
Front (FLN.
The French cabinet already
has approved the agreement
to end the 712-year war.
The 81 members of the rebel
Parliament have been holding
secret day and night sessions
since their arrival in Tripoli
last Thursday. AS last nights
session ended. Ferhat Abbas.
former rebel Premier and a
leader of the FIN, limited
agreement was near.
In one of their heaviest at
tacks so far, commandos of
the Secret Army organization
fired bazooka rockets into a
French military police bar
racks last night at Maison
Caree, a suburb Of Algiers, set
ting gasoline storage tanks
ablaze.
Early reports said at least 10
persons were killed or wound
ed in the attack.
Guns Delay Fire Engines
Fire engines summoned to
fight the raging fires were
blocked by machine-gun fire
for nearly an hour. The French
Army rushed six heavy tanks
and a score of other armored
vehicles into the area.
Firemen finally quelled the
blaze which had spread to an
ammunition dump, touching off
many cartridges. The glow of
the fire was visible in Algiers
and the exploding bullets could
be heard in the city.
President Charles de Gaulle
told fellow villages in Colon
bey-les- Deux-Eglises yesterday
that the Algerian conflict may
near close within a few days.