davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-09-30

is determined to remain in Berlin
and determined to brook no in
reference with its right to access
routes.)
Soviet responsibility for tensions
in Berlin is not simply a passive
matter-the fact that 1t won't
parley with the West. 1t demon
strated this last week when sew
eral of its fighter planes deliber-
ately flew dangerously close to a
Pan American airliner and an
American military transport.
When the United States protested
this "buzzing" at the Berlin Air
Safety Center. the Russians re-
jected it,
Evening star., 1962-09-30
Our Crisis

In a brief statement before the
question period, he pointedly re.
called his recent testimony before
a congressional committee that
"the crisis we face today in con-
nection with Berlin, I believe to
be the most serious that we have
faced since the end of the Korean
war"
Then, in telling what he had
seen on his trip, he mentioned nu-
clear weapons, depots and war
heads eight times in four para
graphs. Later, under questioning,
he made it plain that the United
States was prepared to use these
nuclear weapons and others to
protect our rights in Berlin If a
showdown came.
Some observers believe that
members Of the Kennedy admin
istration are burning over the OBJ
servation Premier Khrushchev re-
Gently made TO Robert Frost. the
Evening star., 1962-09-30

Peronistas freely elected in the
provinces, appears to be more
firmly entrenched than at any
time since he took office last
March.
The words appears to be" are
used advisedly because Argentine
politics, so sensitive to the pres
sures from the military, are vo-
latile and unpredictable.
AS q matter Of fact, Mr.. Guido
turned against those military
men who first lifted him to power
and is now supported by Army
and Air Force officers who feel,
like Mr.. Frondizi, that the Peron-
istas should not be barred from
Argentine politics,
Evening star., 1962-09-30
A BoIonce?

The question might be asked:
How can the maintenance Of the
arms balance be q one time
thing?
The answer may lie in the
comments of some observers who
say that, although the Kennedy
administration may feel guilty
about adding fuel to the arms
race in one Of the tinder-box
areas Of the world, it has its eyes
and mind on the congressional
and gubernatorial elections six
weeks hence.
Hawk missiles to Israel is an
action which is bound to be pleas
ing t0 large numbers of Jewish
Evening star., 1962-09-30
THE FOREIGN SCENE

picion Of mingling domestic poll
tics with q delicate question Of
foreign policy"
Meanwhile, the Arabs, while
they may be seething. have not
yet loosed the expected barrage
of anti-American statements. We
may hear about it in the United
Nations General Assembly and
sooner rather than later.
Evening star., 1962-09-30

poet. that Americans are too lib
eral to fight"
The McNamara statements
probably were designed to make it
clear to the Soviet boss that the
United States will fight and will
use what weapons are necessary If
pushed too far on Berlin.
Evening star., 1962-09-30

about the moral decline Of Ameri-
ca. The Legion Of Decency began
issuing its ratings that year, and
Mrs. Henry Morgenthau, jr.. wife
Of the Secretary Of the Treasury,
sat through 10 reels Of "Ectasy,"
q foreign film featuring the nude
pelt Of Hedy Lamar, before de-
Gliding it was indecent and NOR
ally dangerous.
A choote Senior
John F. Kennedy was a senior
at Connectieut's Choate School,
struggling to pass Latin and not
mar an otherwise good report
card. I'VE have definitely decid-
ed to stop fooling around" he
wrote his father. II realize how
important it is that I get q good
job done here If I want to go to
England"
John Glenn was 13 that year
and busy whiting q model Of
the China Clipper, the famous
airplane that had Just inaugural
ed passenger air service to Homo
lulu. Jacqueline Bouvier was 6
and winning her first big horse
show at Southampton, L. l.; q
young prosecutor named Thomas
Dewey was setting UP an office
in the Woolvorth Building to
crack the Murder Inc" case, and
the trial Of Richard Haupt-
mann was under way in a little
courthouse in Pennington, N. j.
tuberculosis was the leading
killer disease and polio the big
crippler. although cancer and
heart disease already were on the
way up the ladder. People talked
less about nervous breakdowns"
and more about ''neuroses."
There was no fretting about
intercontinental missiles or atom
ic fallout in those days, but those
who did worry about the state Of
the world hoped that Mussolini
wouldn't resort to poison gas in
the Ethiopian campaigns.
Supreme Court Troubles
1t was a year when Senator
Hugo Black lashed public utility
executives for pleading the Fifth
Amendment before his investigat-
ing committee, when the Supreme
Court was hung in effigy in a
number Of cities for declaring the
the NRA unconstitutional, when
President Roosevelt in a famous
letter to clergymen called on the
public to ask what the Govern
ment could do for them.
The public lived "out there in
radio land" which meant out
there in an America before tele-
vision, before long playing rec
ords, before the paperback rev.
olution in books, before the mass
exodus to suburbia.
Life was tough, but 1t had its
lighter side. For this was also the
year Of Gershwin's "Porgy and
Bess," Of Hitchcock's first thrill
er, "The 80 Steps," Of Becky
Sharp" the first full length
technicolor picture. Of Tobacco
Road" opening on Broadway, and
thrill seekers hurrying down to
Asbury Park, N. j., to see the
charred remains Of the liner
Morro Castle for a quarter, or
down to Coney Island to see the
"blue babies" in the incubators
on the boardwalk for dime.
Only ~ years ago. Less than a
generation.
These were the 30s-only three
decades back to the America that
was. but already a far time and
a far country from the America
that Is.
you can't 60 home again."
wrote Thomas Wolfe at the top
Of q manuscript as the decade
came to an end. Maybe not every
one would want to.
Evening star., 1962-09-30
Little Optimism

: There Is little optimism in
Washington that the Soviet will
change its mind. But Secretary
RuSk will have a chance later this
week to press the Western argu-
ment when he meets with Soviet
Foreign Minister Gromyko in New
York, where both are attending
the United Nations General As
senably meeting.
(The USSR wants to force the
Allies out of West Berlin. II the
Allies refuse to go, it has threat
ened to sign a separate peace
treaty with East Germany and
then give its puppets control over
Western access routes to the for
mer German capital. The West
Evening star., 1962-09-30
Argentino:
Guido On Top

The military rebellion ended
In Argentina last week and
newly strengthened President
Guido promised early elections.
President Jose Marina Guido, a
mild-mannered country lawyer
who was placed in office by mill
tary factions opposed to former
President Arturo Frondizi because
Of the latter's willingness to accept
Evening star., 1962-09-30
REPORT FROM THE UN
Gromyko Seeks NeutroIs' Aid on Berlin

persuade the Soviet foreign min
lister not to let Walter Ulbricht,
the East German puppet, get his
finger directly on the atomic-war
trigger.
Mr.. Ulbricht would be given
such power If q peace treaty
transferred to him unconditional
authority over Berlin access
routes. For the sake of Russia's
own security as well as that Of
the West, Mr.. Rusk argued, Mos
COW ought to keep directly in its
own hands certain residual power
over Berlin traffic.
Goes to Moscow
Mr.. Ulbricht then made q con-
spicuous trip to the Soviet Union
in August and was closeted with
Premier Khrushchev. Now Mr..
Gromyko has given the world the
results of that conference. The
answer Is "Nyet."
After Separate peace)
treaty is signed, the German
Democratic Republic and no one
else will be the master Of the
communications with West Ber-
lin," Mr.. Gromyko has told the
U.N.
He has seemed to acknowledge
a certain amount of nervousness
about the implications of this
policy. But he wants the West to
Evening star., 1962-09-30
Guido Talks and Acts

This was made plain by Mr..
Guido after the ultra group Of
anti-Peronistas In the military
were defeated in o brief battle
with rebel forces, largely made
up Of Army tank units and Air
Force elements. Ironically, more
civilians were killed CID and
Evening star., 1962-09-30

Social Security Act that year did
not deter the search for easy So
lutions. You hear q lot about
extremists right and left these
days-the Birchers and the Min
ute Men. the ban the bomb
groups and the better Red -than-
dead cult. In 1885 extremiSm in
America was more than Just a
lunatic fringe. This was Q time
when the fires Of zeal burned
, bright across the land. and SPELL
binding orators" boob bumpers"
as H. L. Mencken called them
promised heaven in a relief basket.
DR.. Francis z. Townsend, an
unemployed Long Beach. Calf,
physician. claimed IS million sig
natures on q petition to intro
duce his $200-a-month old age
pension plan in Congress. Father
Charles Coughlin, the radio priest
with the scheme for radical In
flation. had q weekly audience
rating Of 10 million listeners.
jim Farley figured Hney Long
would poll 6 million votes on the
strength Of his share-tl wealth
movement If he opposed FDR in
1885.
TriumviFote Feared
For q time it appeared as If
Father Coughlin, DR.. Townsend
and Sen. Long might combine
into an effective third party, but
an assassin's bullet cut down the
Kingfish before the triumvirate
could be formed. The President
heard the news at Hyde Park,
where he was dining with Father
Coughlin and q little known Bos-
ton financier, Joseph P. Kennedy,
who had just been named head of
the Securities and Exchange
Commission. As q Catholic, Ken
nedy was asked to help keep the
priest politician in line. At the
moment, he had his own prob
lens trying to convince the lib
erals that q fellow who had
made quite q killing in the stock
market could help regulate it.
In 1885, the Communist Party
in America doubled its member
ship to 100000. It was q time
when Earl Browder was hailed as
more Kansan than ALI Landori, I"
when dreamy visionaries were in
venting q Soviet Utopia ga sort
Of heaven" old muckracker Lin
coin Steffens described 1t in a
letter to merchant Edward FL
lene) and when what Whitaker
Chambers called "the great left
ward undertow of the thirties"
was sweeping q number Of prom
inent writer's into the party-or-
ganized American Writers Con-
gress.
A glance at the Negroes lot in
1885 shows how far we have come
in the field Of race relations. In
that year, when Negroes were be-
ing lynched at the rate Of better
than one every three weeks, an
anti-lynch bill failed again in
Congress.
The sos also brought about
vast changes in the social and
psychological structure Of the
Nation. This was the era that
beheld the first faint STRINGS of
progressive education, the rise Of
the behaviorist psychologists and
permissive PHILOSOPHERS, the ad-
vent of the Juvenile delinquent
and the public welfare addict. the
injection Of increasing doses Of
cynicisn and violence into our
mass media entertainments.
They didn't have the twist or
DR.. Ben Casey or little league
baseball back in 1885, but they
did have "The Music Goes Round
and Round" and bank night, lit
terbug contests and Orphan An
ME shake-up mugs.
There was concern then, too,
Evening star., 1962-09-30
BY HUGH A. MULLIGAN
Assoeiatsd Press stat Writer

Discordant echoes from q dis
iointed time:
The din Of PWA jaekhanmers
scooptng out Boulder Dam, and
the clank Of q million WPA
shovels digging thousands Of miles
Of new road.
Fireside chats. Dish night ct
the movies. Dizzy Dean and the
Gas House Gang. The furled UNI
brella and peace in our time. The
Scottsboro boys.
Knock, knock. Who's there7
Albee. Albee who? Albee downa
meetcha in Q taxi. honey"
Dust storms blowing away the
farms in the plains States. Cries
Evening star., 1962-09-30

Reading headlines heavy with
international threat, noting ex-
pIoding crime statistics, watch
ing the twist--an American
sometimes wonders; Il the Ma
tion moving forward, or back
ward7 Seen through mists Of
nostalgia, the past often seems
more noble, less frustrating,
refreshingly simple. But pick .
pivotal year from the Nations
past, say 1885. And now take q
closer look.
Evening star., 1962-09-30
Is America Moving Forward? A Look at the 30's

our responsibility as a world lead
er for maintaining peace every
where on the globe, it Is q little
difficult to realize the isolation
iSt mood of the country as little
ago as 1885.
In that year. according to q
Fortune Magazine survey, the
United States Army numbered
"l65,000 men. 81 generals. enough
rifles for one regiment and a
handful Of effective tanks"
In that year, when Japan
walked out of the London Naval
Conference because it wasn't al
lowed fleet the size Of Britain's.
when all Of Europe except Fin
land was welshing on its war
debts. when Capt. Anthony Eden,
the Lord Privy Seal, got nowhere
trying to coax Hitler back to the
League of Nations. most Ameri-
cans concluded that all wars were
the joint creation Of decadent
European civilization and greedy
munitions makers.
With q shrug, they wrote off
Europe and concentrated on
problems at home. There was GER
tainly no shortage Of them.
BY 1885 the worst Of the de-
preston was over. National in
come was up so per cent. Auto
mobiles enjoyed their biggest year
since the crash. FDR could proud
ly report in q fireside chat that
for the first time in SIS years
the country had gone through IL
months without q bank failure.
Things were looking up all
right, but the view was far from
sunny. The apple vendors were
gone from Wall Street, but in
their wake came Q million door,
to-door salesmen. Hoboes and
hitchhikers roamed the land. The
Nations forests rang with CCC
axes.
You could buy q pack Of ciga-.
rettes for II cents, q balcony
seat at Loew's for is cents, a
new Plymouth for $50, but a
high school principal made only
$1,000 q year, good secretary
$25 q week and 1t wasn't until
1888 that a minimum wage was
established at rs cents an hour
with provision for a gradual raise
to 40 cents.
Budget Comparison
AS q comparison Of Federal
budgets shows. our problem then
was salvaging q nation-not q
world. The biggest item In Roose-
velt's II billion budget that year
was $4,8 billion for public re-
lief and 1t was the biggest single
peacetime appropriation in his
tory up until then. The biggest
item in President Kennedy's S9.1
billion budget this year was $52.7
billion for defense. Between the
two budgets, our national debt
has jumped from .$2s billion to
$299.8 billion.
Public welfare, a Government
function now worthy Of q cabinet
post. was relatively new con-
cept in the sos. and the President
was worried about its effects on
the national morality. ITO dole
out relief in this way" he told
Congress In his State of the Un-
ion Message. ''is to administer a
narcotic, q subtle destroyer Of the
human spirit"
To avoid direct handouts and
provide some kind of useful work,
the WPA was created in 1895.
1t made work for four million
men, provided an inexhaustible
supply Of Jokes about shovel lean
ers and snow drift inspectors.
Social Security Pussose
Jokes about the depression
couldn't conceal the general un-
rest. Even the passage Of the
Evening star., 1962-09-30

Continued From Page B-1
when Cuban informants said that
rs persons out Of 800 rounded
up as suspects in an alleged plot
to assassinate Castro have been
shot to death by the Red regime.
Evening star., 1962-09-30
Dividing Line

Perhaps more than any other
decade. the thirties represent the
dividing line between the America
that Is and the America that was.
@ Viewed across the abyss Of time
and misted over the shimmering
light Of nostalgia, the past can
take different shapes for differ
ent observers. Many look back and
warn that the Nation is sliding
down g road to self-destruction.
Here we are in 1862, exactly
II years after the end Of World
War II, and even the most un-
fettered optimist sometimes finds
it difficult locating any signs Of
improvement in the condition Of
the world and its people.
The daily headlines, certainly,
hold little hope. A Soviet arsenal
Evening star., 1962-09-30

Of "The rivers rising, the rivers
risingl" In the Ohio Valley. Sit
down strikes. Race riots. Bonus
marches.
Wizened old men and stern
faced women. 10000 strong. filing
off chartered buses in Chicago
and fervently chanting:
Onward Townsend soldiers,
marching as to war
With the Townsend banner,
y carried on before. !"
The Kingfish, tie askew. boyish
forelock quivering with rage, roar
ing out his promise to make every
man q king. The radio priest call
ing for q holy war against "the
greed mongers Of Wall Street."
Some Strange Letters
Strange new combinations Of
letters: NRA, iva, REA, FILA.
sAAA-The New Deals alphabet
soup.
These were some Of the sounds
and signs Of the thirties: The
depression years. The isolation
years. The early Roosevelt years.
The coming Of the New Deal and
the changing Of the old order.
The anxious calm before the ter
,,rifying storms.
Historians are going back to
that restless decade in an at
tempt to learn something about
our time and place in history:
Where we've come, where we're
heading and whether anything of
value has been lost along the
Way.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-14
Press Women Sent
Protest to Adenouer

and Soviet Premier Khru-
shchev did on their visits to
Washington and open your
press conference to all &C
credited reporters"
A member of the White
House Correspondents AsSo-
citation said that at the sug-
gestion of P'erre Salinger,
press secretary to the Presi-
dent, the Chancellor had been
invited by the group to speak
and answer questions.
He added that the Chan
cellor had turned the invita-.
ton down to accept the one
of the National Press Club.
The spokesman said that a
member of the German En-
bassy had explained that DR..
Adenauer felt familiar with
the procedures and indebted
to the National Press Club
since they had honored him
on visits to this country from
the first time he came shortly
after World War II.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-14

The mans National
Press Club has issued a pro-
test to German Chancellor
Adenauer touched off by his
appearance tomorrow at the
National Press Club, which
will exclude women members
of the press.
The Professional Commit
tee of the club released the
following telegram sent to
the Chancellor at Blair House:
1--WE regret that you have
chosen to make your only
press appearance in Wash
ington before a private and
segregated club and turned
down the open press forum
offered by the White House
Correspondents Association
(this group does admit women
memberS)
Procedures at the Ma
tional Press Club are in vio-
lation of the concept of a
free press.
mon member reporters,
who may not attend the con-
ference on an equal basis,
represent newspapers across
the United States with a vital
interest in Berlin and other
problems confronting Ger
many today.
1--WE urge that you do as
French President de Gaulle
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-14
To Hold Meetinq

The Woman's Guild of
Sibley Memorial Hospital
will meet at IL am. tomor-
row in the auditorium adj
jacent to the Lucy Webb
Hayes School of Nursing.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-14
Swim Lessons

From November II to De-
cember 20 children's SWIM
ming lessons will be given by
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-14

the Young Women's Chris
tan Association of Mont
gomery County at the YMCA,
Indian Springs, Silver Spring.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-04-01

adequately ,policed test bar
treaty by that time. The Rus.
slams say they will undertake
a new test series of their owr
if the American explosions take
place.
Attest Race Feared
Conference delegates from
the smaller countries have
urged the two nuclear giants
to avoid starting up a nuclear
testing race.
Despite the existing disap-
pointments and the major
problems looming ahead. dip
lomats said the present dis
armament talks have gotten off
to as favorable a start as could
have been expected.
The disarmament delegates
are now getting down to de-
tailed work, where as the 1860
disarmament conference ar
gued for weeks over the mean
ing of words and never did
settle procedural problems.
United States Ambassador
Arthur H. Dean has checked a
move by Soviet Deputy Foreign
Minister Valerian A. Zorin to
have the Soviet draft disarma-
ment treaty taken up at once
article by article. Mr.. Dean
maintained there first must be
agreement on international en-
forcement before the treaty
writing work can begin.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-04-01
Allegheny Cuts
Fares Is Pct.

Air commuter service starts
today on Allegheny Airlines
flights between Washington
and Philadelphia at a Is per
cent reduction from regular
fares.
The airline, which flies is
air commuter flights daily
among the cities of Washing
ton. Philadelphia and Hart
ford, has set fares between
here and Philadelphia at $40
plus 10 per cent tax.
Nelson B. Fry, jr., senior
vice president and genera,
manager, said the new flights
are: Washington to Philadel-
phia, 1855 am, 1855 pm.
4 pm. and 6:45 pm. Philadel-
phia to Washington flights are
1890 am, 4:50 pm, SIS pm.
7:20 pm. sos pm. and 8:5C
pm.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-04-01
us. Military Observers Face
New Curbs in East Germany

regime, he asked to see a So
Wet officer
When he leraned the Soviet
officer was not coming, Mai.
Schneider ordered his driver
Specialist SIC Douglas Raab
of Richmond, Calf, to drive
on. The East German police
fired, blowing the two rear
tires. The two Americans had
to spend the night on the high
way.
Protests to Marshal
Gen. Bruce C. Clarke, the
United States Army COM
mander in Germany, protested
to Marshal Konev. Marshal
Konev said he was sorry, but
accused the Americans of ar
unspecified traffic violation
and said nothing about guaran-
teeing their safety in the
future.
Gen. Clarke called this I'M
acceptable and ordered Ameri-
can military escorts for the So
Wet military mission in Frank
furt. A United States spokes-
man pointed out, however. that
they are still free to move as
they please.
Marshal Konev's reprisal
went a step further-he or
dered that the Americans at
Potsdam must have permission
from his command to move out
of town at all.
The Russians acted Just as
they seemed to be letting I'D a
bit on their harassment in the
air. Yesterday the Soviets can
celled eight flights by military
transports scheduled in the
Berlin air corridors. There
were no such flights today
either. Communist jets we're in
the air over Berlin both days,
but this is not unusual.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-04-01

A spokesman for the United
States Army command at Hell
deIberg said, however, that the
Soviet order would have "lim-
tied impact" because the Amer
leans themselves had previously
decided to limit their own
movements in East Germany.
There was nc announced
limitation on the movement OF
British and French liaison mis-
sions, which also have head
quarters at PotSdam.
Marshal Konev'S order was
the Soviet move in a game OF
political-military tit for tat
that began on an East German
road near the Iron Curtain bor-
der March 20. One of the United
States missions Sedans was
halted by East German police.
Maj. William Schneider of
Beverly Hills, Calf, was in
charge of the car. Since the
United States does not recog-
nize the East German satellite
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-04-01

1orDaQe It's memDerS-half 8
dozen officers and a score of
men-to leave town without
permission of his high COM
mand.
The order went into effect
at once. This morning Col.
Ernest Won Pawel, chief Of the
United States mission, visited
Marshal Konev's chief Of staff.
When he came out, an escort
was on hand to take him back
to the lakeside villa at Pots
dam where the mission has its
East German headquarters.
It is not known If arrange
ments will be made so that
Col. Won Pawel and his men
can go back and forth between
their homes in Berlin and
PotSdam, only a few miles away.
The Potsdam villa has some
sleeping arrangements, but it
was not designed for that.
It was clear that mission Sc
dams could no longer roam the
narrow roads of East Germany.