davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-05-29
Unrest in Spain

Now that Spain's underground Com
muniSt Party has issued manifesto"
calling for countrywide demonstrations
against him, Generalissimo frances
government in Madrid probably will
find it easier to cope with the labor un-
rest that has been troubling it recently.
The unrest has been showing itself
for the past six weeks or so. 1t has taken
the form of off-again- -again strikes,
by miners and other skilled workers, in
scattered parts of the country. Signifi-
cantly enough, however, the strikes, in
volving only total of around 100000
persons, have thus far been quiet, orderly
and devoid of any anti-Franco political
rancor or any extremist desire to make
over the world or stir up trouble of a
sort that would play directly into the
hands Of the Kremlin.
AS a matter of fact, according to
knowledgeable observers of the Spanish
scene, the strikers involved in this sit
uation have not been expressing oppoSi-
ton to GeneraliSsimo Franco personally.
Their real grippe, or so 1t would seem, is
that their wages have not been increased
to meet the rise in living costs. And they
have also indicated-with the coming
Of spring, which tends to unleash pent-
up SatiSfactionS-that they are sick
of insufferable bureaucrats who have
turned a deaf ear to their grievances and
failed to initiate corrective action.
Accordingly, considered against this
background, the Spanish Communists
a numerically small minority-would
seem to be whiStling in the teeth of the
wind in calling upon the people of Spain
to engage in "a mass struggle" against
the Franco government The struggle,
as the Reds outline it, would involve
all kinds Of agitation, including not only
labor walkouts but also riotous street
demonstrations, eliminating In a gen.
eral strike designed to paralyze the
country and bring it to its knees in
preparation for totalitarian take-over.
However, as suggested by the rela-
lively tranquil character of Spain's
present labor unrest, the Franco regime
seems to have the situation we'll in hand.
At any rate, the people at large, even
though many of them may be getting
tired of the GeneraliSSimo, apparently
still find him acceptable-So much so
that there is ample reason to believe
that the Reds have greatly overreached
themselves in calling, in effect, for the
overthrow Of his government.
Evening star., 1962-05-29
Stronger Reserves

Your editorial entitled
Stronger Reserve ! Power" !"
indorsed q proposal which
has been disclosed only In
general terms and not yet
unfolded for eval1ation. Your
eagerness to take sides in
this controversial matter
puzzles us, as the other side
Of the story has not yet been
presented to the Hebert Com
mittee. The Reserve Officers
Association for some years
has contended for moderni-
zation under the slogan The
reserves ask only the right to
be ready" But we do not rec
ognize as modernization q
program to create new tur-
moil in reserves, reduce the
manpower by $4,000, abandon
the Nations investment in
training Of thousands Of men,
all without any promise Of
improvement in personnel
practices.
AS one Congressman put it:
If you can strengthen the re-
serves by cutting 10 per cent,
why not make them five
times stronger by cutting SO
per cent?
John T. Carlton,
Executive Director, Reserve
Officers Association.
Evening star., 1962-05-29
Those Travel Taxes

In tax laws, If not in the best die
tionarieS, the words temporary" and
permanent" are often synonymous.
This remains true as Congress engages
In its annual exercise of extending for
one more year from June 80 a rag-bag
collection Of so-called temporary excise
taxes, most of them dating back to the
Korean War period and some even to
the time Of World War H. The best
argument given, Of course, is that the
revenue is needed (every year, and that
a real overhaul and correction will be
undertaken some other time.
On this years go-round, however,
the House Ways and Means Committee
has introduced something new in voting
to discontinue as Of next January / the
10 per cent levy on tickets for travel by
railroad and bus and to cut in half the
same tax on airline travel. Since the
committee apparently is deferring until
next year any consideration Of admin
istration proposals for enacting Off
setting user charges If ticket taxes are
dropped or reduced, its present action
would mean loss in revenue. Even
so, in the light Of the widely publicized
economic troubles of the Nations trans
port industry, particularly in the
passenger-carrying function, the pro-
posal offers some hope of relief. 1t
should be approved by the Congress.
Perhaps some of the other temporary"
tax inequities can be dealt with next
year, or the next year after that.
Evening star., 1962-05-29
Segregated Theoters

Several demonstrations In
recent days against motion
picture theaters in Arlington
and Alexandria have drama
tized the fact that in North
ern Virginia, practically in
the shadow of the Lincoln
Memorial, there is not a sin
gle motion picture theater
(including drive-ins) that
admits Negroes except one
"colored theater" In Alexan-
dria.
In order to coordinate the
activities of all groups and
persons in Northern Virginia
that believe it is high time
motion picture theaters were
opened without discrimina-
ton, the Councils on Human
Relations of Alexandria, Ar
lington and Fairfax County
have formed the Northern
Virginia Committee to End
Theater Discrimination. Per-
NIT us the use of your COL
umnS to ask that church and
community groups sympa-
thetic to our position send
representatives to a confer
ence on theater discrimina-
ton to be held In the eve-
ming Of May 81. Contact the
Evening star., 1962-05-29
To DemiIitorize Space

Nothing could seem less likely than
that the Kremlin will respond affirma-
lively to Secretary Of State Rusk's call
for immediate action to place space
activities under strict international
control. Still, despite Soviet negativism,
the fact remains that unless such con-
troll is eStabliShed-and the sooner the
better-the heavens around us may
rather rapidly become an arena Of ex-
ceedingly deadly rivalry.
Thus, as he declared in his speech
at the Seattle Worlds Fair, Mr.. RuSk
has taken "Somber look at what could
happen, and he does not like what he
has seen. "The frontiers of space" he
has warned, might be pierced by huge
nuclear-propelled dreadnaughts armed
with thermonuclear weapons. The moon
might be turned into a military base.
Ways might be found to cascade radio
active waves upon an enemy. Weather
control might become a military weap-
on" and there might be other spatial
developments potentially capable Of en-
dangering the whole of civilization and
even the life of the world.
In saying this, Mr.. Rusk has recalled
the bleak history Of the nuclear arms
race, and he has gone on to add: Nov
we are in the earlier stages Of another
scientific, technical and human adven-
ture as staggering to the imagination as
the unleashing of the atom, and as
challenging to mans ability to organize
his affairs with at least modicum of
good sense" And that challenge will be
adequately met only If the nations
particularly our own and Russia-sol-
emnly agree to effective international
regulations and cooperative procedures
to keep outer space from becoming
theater Of war and to exploit it only for
peaceful uses designed to benefit all
humanity.
Secretary Rusk has argued elo-
quently for an early agreement along
these lines. Unfortunately, however,
even though they have indicated inter-
est in working with us on nonmilitary
ventures like weather satellites, the
RussianS-judging from their unyield-
ing opposition to effectively policed
disarmament of any kind-still Seem
altogether disinclined to show that
"modicum of good sense" that will be
needed If the demilitarization Of outer
space is ever to be more than a wish
full thought.
Evening star., 1962-05-29
Victory q Bad Word?

The State Department seems to US
to have gotten itself quite awkwardly
tangled up in semanticS 1t has done so
by having its censors delete victory"
from a number of speeches by high
military officers and by replacing that
word with the phrase defeat of Com
muniSt aggression" ......
AS explained in a special report
submitted by Undersecretary George
Ball to the Senate "muzzling" investi-
CATION, the reason for the deletion is
that victory has a militariStic and
aggressive ring less suited than the sub
stituted phrase to describing our ma
tional detectives 1t also implies an all
or~nothing' approach leaving no room
for accommodation"
Well, this strikes us as a lot of
nonsense. What would have happened,
we wonder, If such censorship had pre-
vailed in the days of John Paul Jones,
for example, or David GLASGOW Farra-
gut Would Don't tread on me" have
been changed to read, please try to
avoid stepping on my toes? And as
for Damn the torpedoeS! Full speed
'ahead!" - would that have become,
Watch out for those things, boys, and
proceed with caution?
There is good reason, of course, for
clearing important speeches through
the State Department and most of the
resulting modification very probably is
sound. Even so, to strike out victory"
has all the earmarks of being Nerv-
Gus Nellie absurdity. This seems the
more true because the word is so fire.
quently used by our potential enemies
loops! sorry, we mean Mr.. Khrushchev
and his friends) to predict the ultimate
triumph Of communism everywhere in
the world, including America.
Evening star., 1962-05-29
Health of Pilots

THE chicken before the
egg or the egg before the
chicken" project to deter
mine physiological age as
compared with chronological
age is something that ap-
parently has become neces-
sary for the Federal Avia-
ton Agency to investigate ad
extremum, ad infinitum.
Possibly this may be because
FAA itself arbitrarily set age
so as a barrier beyond which
no airline pilot could hold
his job.
Charles Yarbrough reports
about this investigation by
way Of his personal expert
ence with a research exam
ination by the FAA. 1 wouldn't
know how old Mr.. Var
brough is physiologically but
I judge his writing by read
ing it, not by how he plays
with blocks at the FAA.
Individuals who are care
fully screened for clinical
good health are not poor
heart, circulatory or weak
brain risks when they reach
age so chronologically. A fair
way TO judge q clinically
healthy aviator's perform
ance would be by the way he
checks out on intricate flight
checks-not with blocks.
Any time, it is possible
that FAA may discover what
a clinically healthy pilot Is.
Robert E. Trimble
Evening star., 1962-05-29

undersigned at so. 5-5825 or
Mrs. Anderson, KE. 6-9357.
We also ask that all SYM
pathetic individuals m AXE
known their opposition to
continued discrimination to
the companies that own all
of the indoor theaters -
Alexandria Amusement Cor
poration, Alexandria, and
Neighborhood Theaters, Inc,
Arlington.
The theater managements
have indicated that discrimi-
nation is required by the Vir-
ginia seating law. This OBJ
lection can not any longer
be maintained in good faith.
Two decisions of the Supreme
Court this year are decisive.
Noel Hemmendinger,
Chairman, Northern Vir-
ginia Committee to
End Theater Discrimi-
nation.
Evening star., 1962-05-29
A Blow for Culture

An open season of sorts
seems to have been declared
on a few prominent Ameri-
cans hardy enough to de-
mand that steps be taken to
enable our Nation and its
Capital City to become equal
to others in the arts and to
take the role intended by
Presidents Washington, JEFF
ferson and the other Found
ing Fathers.
Mrs. Arthur Goldberg has
been roundly criticized be-
cause she said artists should
be given tax depreciation al
>lowances like owners Of oil
wells and textile factories.
She even said artists should
have a roof over their heads
like other Americans.
She also called for enact
ment Of the bill sponsored
by Senator Wayne Morse,
and co-sponsored by Senator
Hubert Humphrey and Reps.
Harris Mcdowell and Frank
Thompson for the Demo-
Gratis, and Rep. Carroll D.
Kearns, to set up q special
fund from District taxes to
defray part of the expenses
of the National Symphony,
the Corcoran Gallery, the
Washington Opera Society,
etc. other United States
cities provide financial aid
for the arts. A study by the
Library of Congress which
Congressman Mcdowell re-
quested showed that Hagers-
town, Maryland, spends $12,-
500 for the arts; Washing
ton, $4,000; st. Louis, $780,
600; Baltimore, $4,000;
Philadelphia, $789, 900; and
San Francisco $815, 900.
Congressman Widnall has
been criticized for daring to
suggest, in a humorous vein,
that the National Symphony
should have equal time with
a comic at the Government
owned Carter Barron Amphi-
theatef.
Since Congress authorized
and paid for the Carter Bar
ron, 1t would be remiss If it
did not from time to time
question how well this pub
licly-owned facility was car
rying out the functions Civ
en- 1t by the Congress.
Before those Americans
who have dared to raise their
voices in behalf of the arts
become discouraged by the
flax and fall-out their sound
proposals have run into, it
would be splendid If Presi-
dent Kennedy established by
Executive Order an advisory
panel or task force to develop
short and long-range plans
for cultural development in
the District and the Nation
at-large.
There have been some re-
ports that this was in the
pipelines. If 1t happens, it
would be wonderful If the
President appointed leading
educators, such as Father
Gilbert Hartke, DR.. Howard
Hanson, of the Ea I'm a n
School of Music, and DR.. C.
Howard Kase, of the Uni
versity of Delaware, to such
a panel or task force. In
fact, such cultural leaders
should make up or constitute
half of the panel to assure
the American people that
Americas cultural purposes
would be fully served.
WaShin0f0n 0hSnrvor
Evening star., 1962-05-29
Montgomery Taxes

D. M. Corbett's letter states
that the people Of Montgom-
cry County, especially those
with fixed income, are furi-
Gus over the latest real estate
taxes. He then calls for the
defeat Of those who, year
after year, have hiked taxes
to their present unbearable
levels.
Well. apparently the vot-
ers Of Montgomery County
are a patient lot and anx-
ious to be sheared further by
the high tax, free-spenders
who have been supported for
office (the council by the
voters. Not only were incum-
bents re-nominated but also
those Of the same ''high tax"
philosophy nominated and
the more conservative and
budget-minded defeated.
I do not believe that citi-
zens of Montgomery of mod
est income, or of fixed in
come, are happy over the
support given these "high
tax" politicians who have
been too long at the public
trough. However, in the face
of certain pressure groups
and organized efforts by such
groups on behalf of these
high tax" advocates, these
citizens can WELD Just so
much weight at the poll.
] suggest to these citizens
Of Montgomery County con-
cerned with confiscatory tax
levels. that a taxpayers al
lance" somewhat like the
one in Fairfax County, be
formed. Such a group would
police the proposed budgets
to eliminate the fat, and the
frills and furbelows in our
school building programs.
and exercise a more judicious
selection and Endorsement of
County Council appoint
ments. I will be glad to join
in the formation of such a
group, open to Democrats
and Republicans alike, which
might be called Taxpayers,
Inc" Are there any Of like
mind?
william A. Nealey.
Evening star., 1962-05-29
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
MorveIs of Space Ship Instruments
BY THOMAS R. HENRY

the nature of bacteria such as
exist everywhere on earth.
To detect these q microscope
Of special design is being
combined with the televiSion
camera. These instruments
are being constructed espe-
cially for research in the bio
logical sciences. It is appre-
ciated that they must be In
quite different form than
those used in laboratories on
earth.
Another Of the life detec-
tion devices. is based on the
Identification of metabolic
carbon dioxide by means of
the radioactive isotope of
carbon, life's chief element,
Carbon IA. The radioactivity
is monitored by q special
counter and the. count is
signaled to earth. If organ
isms are present, for example,
on Mars, and If the produce
radioactive carbon dioxide,
like earth organisms, there
will be obtained on earth a
flattened curve typical of
microbe growth In a culture.
The Mars organisms will
be brought into some kind
of a culture medium, it is
hoped. by means Of q tethered
projectile which sticks out a
sticky string about 100 feet
from the device. A capstain
immersed in the culture me-
dium winds the string into
the broth and thus accom-
plishes the innoculation. The
device is about the size Of a
pint jar and weighs less
than 2 pounds.
Some studies can be made
Of a strange environment
Of space and the other
planets by artificially simu-
lating to planetary atmos-
pheres here on earth.
Stimulation Studies
Only major environmental
component which can Be re-
produced only in part is
space radiation. Because Of
the heavy particles in cosmic
rays, the space spectrum can
be studied fully only in space
itself.
Stimulation studies involv-
ing micro-organiSms and
lower forms of plant life now
are under way under direc-
ton of the National Re-
search Corp. Results are
expected to reveal what
the likelihood is of extra
terrestrial life and what kind
of organisms can be expected
algae, lichens and
moses. There is now a list
Of 18 possibilities to be looked
for on Mars.
Evening star., 1962-05-29
THE POLITICAL MILL
Politics AfIome in -Four States
BY GOULD LINCOLN

Important political de-
cisions for Democrats and Re-
publicans will be made in
four States in the next 10
days. First In Texas, where
next Saturday the Demo-
Gratis will vote in the run
off primary for the nomina-
ton Of a gubernatorial candi-
date. Connecticut Republi-
cans get down to work-in
a State convention-on q gu
Observation-Disclosures ticket
June 4. In California, Demo-
Gratis and Republicans will
nominate their candidates
for Governor and for Con-
gress in June 5 primary elec-
tions. And Massachusetts,
Democrats viii go to the mat
in q so-called primary State
convention to indorse candi-
dates for Governor, Senator
and other high State offici-
ais.
Bitter Fight in Texas
The Texas run-off pri-
mary climaxes a bitter intra-
party fight. Former Secretary
Of the Navy John Connally,
a close personal and politi-
cal friend Of Vice President
Lyndon Johnson, ran first in
a race in which Gov. Price
Daniel was nosed out by Don
Marlborough, q liberal of the
liberals, for second place. In
Texas picking winners before
the votes are counted has
been b dangerous exercise in
the past. Nevertheless, the
Connally supporters are con-
fident their man will win over
Mr.. Marlborough, who though
in the same party faction to
which Senator Ralph w. Var
borough belongs, is no kin of
the Senator. Mr.. Connally re-
signed months ago from the
Kennedy cabinet to make the
race for Governor. An effort
has been made by supporters
Of Mr.. Marlborough to paint
Connally as opposed to the
Presidents programs while
Mr.. Marlborough is 100 per
cent for the New Frontier.
The charge, however, has not
stood up.
How the votes cast for Gov.
Daniel and others in the first
primary will now divide up
will tell the tale. Some of
them may just sit on their
hands and vote Republican
in the November election.
Others, supporters of Gen.
Edwin A. Walker, a member
of the John Birch Society
and ultra-conServative, may
avoid the primary next Sat-
urday and wait to vote for
him If he runs as an inde-
pendent in the general elec-
ton. But, take it by and
large, Mr.. ConnalIy is ex-
pected to maintain the mate
rial lead over Mr.. Yar-
borough which he had In the
primary May 5, or even in
crease 1t. Observers doubt
the Billie Sol Estes case will
have any effect on the re-
suit. though Estes was a
supporter Of the liberal fac
ton.
The Republican State Con-
vention in Connecticut next
Monday and Tuesday will
bring g. showdown In q hot
race between John Alsop Of
Avon. president of an insur-
ance company, and former
Representative Edwin H.
May, jr., for the gubernatorial
nomination. Both side S
claim victory. though Repub-
Evening star., 1962-05-29
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used If
letters carry tDriterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
ters are subject to condenSd-
ton. Those not used 1UiH be
returned only tDhen accom-
panied BY self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1962-05-29

Marvellous automatic re-
cording and observing In
struments are carried on
space satellites. They can do
almost anything a man could
do and in some cases their
abilities are quite beyond the
human.
But even more remarkable
ones now are under construc-
ton, or improvement, at the
Goddard Research Center.
There is, for example, the
wolf trap" designed by DR..
Wolf Vishniac, now Of the
University Of Rochester. The
device, after being landed on
a planet will suck in a soil or
air sample which will be used
to innoculate a culture me-
dium. Subsequent biological
activity caused by growth of
any organisms in the culture
then is detected by cloudi-
ness or change in acidity in
the medium. It viii be valu-
able for detecting any life on
Mars, the moon or Venus.
Certain complex organic
molecules emit light waves in
the ultraviolet whose plane of
vibration rotates as the light
travels. Such optical rotation
can be used to identify some
Of the complex molecules
which are associated with life.
Thus, detection of this rota-
ton in light from Mars would
be an important indication of
life there. An instrument for
measuring this rotation now
is being developed.
Miniature Laboratory
Perhaps most complex Of
all is the "multivator" devised
by the Nobel prize winner
DR.. Joshua Lederberg. 1t is,
in a sense, a miniature bio
logical and chemical labora-
tory, designed to make "a diff
ferent biological and chemi-
cal observations of micro
organisms.
The mass spectrograph,
commonly used for analysis
Of inorganic materials can
also be used to identify COM
pounds related to life proc
esses. A special type for this
purpose now is being devel-
oped at Massachusetts, Insti-
tute Of Technology. A high
resolution TV camera would
detect plants and small ami
mails if landed in an area
where larger living forms
were abundant. The Goddard
Research scientists, however,
have little hopes of this.
There Is every reason to be-
lieve that any life forms
found viii be microscopic, Of