davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-09-06
RALPH McGILL
No Alternative to Space Spending

will be a required recruit
ment of students and an ex-
pansion Of schools and in
struction. (The Southern
States. which presently are
at the bottom of the heap
in things educational, will
fall farther behind If they
continue to be bemused by
racial prejudices and deter
mined on massive resistance
rather than massive efforts
to improve their posture in
education and the economy
Much of space education
will be concentrated for the
same reasons that exist in
the industrial and scientific
fields.
That the Nation will re-
ceive from the space pro-
gram an incredible, and
largely unimagined, by
product of enrichment in
electronic and scientific ad-
vancement is unquestioned.
There will be breakthroughs
in many directions-many of
them not even now seen as
possible objectives.
National security demands
Evening star., 1962-09-06
Presidents Cubo Settlement Interpreted
AS Willingness to Take the First Blow

attempt on their part to ex-
tend their system to any por-
ton Of this hemisphere as
dangerous to our peace and
safety: With the existing COL
onies or dependencies of any
European power we have not
interfered and shall not in
terfere. But with the govern
ments who have declared
their independence and
maintained it. and whose in
dependence we have, on great
consideration and on Just
principles, acknowledged, we
could not view any interposi-
ton for the purpose of op-
pressing them, or controlling
in any other manner their
destiny. by any European
power in any other light than
as the manifestation of an
unfriendly disposition toward
the United States"
Plainly. the Soviet Union
has political control of Cuba
today. The whole world has
seen how it has actually be-
gun to impose its system on
Cuba, which not only is a
part of this hemisphere but
is only 80 miles away from
the United States. This makes
it even more relevant as an
action that is dangerous to
our peace and safety"
Thus, the Soviet Union has
given a manifestation of an
unfriendly disposition toward
the United States" The So
Wet Union has officially ac-
knowledged that it has sent
armament to Cuba, and the
Washington Government rec
ognizes officially that this
armament can be used to
ward off any military action
by planes or naval vessels of
the United States. The So
VETS can also make Cuba a
base Of supply for subma-
rines.
The fact is, therefore, that
the Soviet Union has armed
Cuba to prevent the United
States from landing troops or
otherwise assuring that the
lives and properties Of its
citizens and Of other foreign
nationals be protected.
The Soviet Union has de-
Evening star., 1962-09-06
DAVID LAWRENCE

Has. President Kennedy
really disregarded, if not
scrapped altogether, the
Monroe Doctrine-the his
toric policy of the United
States for the protection of
the Western H e misphere
against European aggres-
sion?
The Presidents latest state
ment. upon being examined
carefully, reiterates delib-
erately what he said, in ef-
feet at a news conference on
, August 29-that he will not
uphold the Doctrine unless
there's an actual military in
vasion Of a country in this
hemisphere. He win not take
action in the face of Euro
pean Intervention in the
affairs of a Latin-American
country. He will accept a
military build-up by the So
Wet Union inside Cuba, for
instance, as defensive" in
that country. He will wait
for actual offensive prepara-
tions or operations before
taking action. He will, in
other words. take the "the
first blow" He will not in
tervene to save the people of
Cuba or Of any other Latin
American country from DOM
ination by a European power.
This is a distinct departure
from the words of the Mon
roe Doctrine, itself, and from
the action taken by several
Presidents of the United
States in past history.
The Monroe Doctrine says
nothing about avoiding ac-
ton just because European
problems may loom large at
the time. When Russia was
attempting to get a foothold
in the northwestern part of
this country, President James
Monroe expressed in his IA
nous message to Congress on
December 2, 1923, the Ameri-
can policy as follows:
I'VE owe it, therefore, to
candor and to the amicable
relations existing between the
United States and those Gu
ropean) powers to declare
that we should consider any
Evening star., 1962-09-06
Improvement
Complaints
Settled

Fifteen complaints involving
some $4,000 worth Of home
improvement contracts have
been settled satisfactorily by
Maryland's new Home I'M
provement Commission since il
started work June /, it was
announced yesterday.
John Owens. the commission'i
only investigator during this
period, reported that in eacf
case the work contracted fol
was completed or the home.
owners money refunded.
The law setting up the COM
mission was designed to dc
away with misrepresentation
and other sharp practices in
connection with substantial
home improvements peddled by
door-to-door statesmen.
1t requires contractors op-
Grating in Maryland to obtain
licenses by October /, under
penalty of a $4,000 fine. Jobs
amounting to less than $500 are
not covered, nor is swimming
pool construction.
Among the grounds for re-
fusal or revocation of a home
improvements contractors lie
ense are abandonment Of any
project contracted for; misrep-
reSentation of a substantial ma
ture by a salesman; fraud in
the execution of a contract,
mortgage or promissory note;
preparing or accepting any note
or mortgage for a greater mon
etary obligation than the value
Of the work; false advertising,
Evening star., 1962-09-06
Monroe Doctrine Disregorded?

fled the Monroe Doctrine and
has taken steps to prevent its
enforcement insofar as Cuba
is concerned by sending al
legedly defensive" armament
to Cuba.
President Kennedy, Of
course. does not know at what
moment the missile pads be-
ing erected for defensive"
purposes may be used for
offensive" purposes. The Of
ficially confirmed data show
that Soviet military "tech-
nicians"-at least $500 men
have actually been landed
in Cuba.
Under the circumstances,
the United States can, If it
wishes, ignore the Soviet mil
itary plans and land troops
now before Cuban missile
strength is built UP. or it can
wait-aS it did in Berha when
"the wall" was erected-to
deal with a more serious
problem that can develop
later.
If the United States Gov
ernment does not wish at
this time to land forces in
Cuba to assert the principles
of the Monroe Doctrine, then
the question arises as to what
steps this country could take
to manifest its feeling con-
corning the Soviet Unions
"interposition" in this hemi-
sphere.
The United States can an
nounce that it will sever dip
lomatic relations with the
Soviet Union unless all Soviet
military technicians are
withdrawn at once from
Cuba. This action would
mean the expulsion from the
United States Of all Soviet
diplomatic and consular Off
cials and the return Of all
United States officials from
the Soviet Union. 1t could
mean also the imposition of
an economic blockade by the
United States not only
against Cuba but against the
Soviet Union. All Latin
American states would be
urged to join in the same
move. It's the only way to
get rid of Communist infil-
tration in the Western Hem
isphere without bloodshed.
(copyright. 1882
Evening star., 1962-09-06
DORIS FLEEsoN
Measure, Called Hondout to Business,
Expected to Complicote Reform Plans

Each passing hour makes
it more difficult to remember
that the tattered legislation
being chewed over by an
acrimonious Senate was in
ttoduced in the name Of tax
reform and the restoration of
business confidence.
The end result presumably
win be given White House
room by President Kennedy
because a technically Demo-
cratic Congress enacted it. He
has little reason for signing
it, certainly the amount of
reform in it would do little
more in the way of revenue
than buy Caroline and her
cousin Tony some ice cream
cones.
The big problem it poses
for him lies in the future.
The President is welded to q
big program Of tax reform
combined with tax reduction.
His hope of achieving it in
time for his campaign for
reelection was a major rea-
son for his resistance to a
tax cut to help the economy
now.
AS he scans the 1862 prod
uct which is no longer a tax
bill but mainly a handout to
Evening star., 1962-09-06
CONSTANTINE BROWN
u. S. Leadership BIomed for Letting
Aggressors Win in Many Areas

tions Ambassador Steven
son, and more foreign aid to
India, the aggressor. Added
to this has been outright
hostility by Washington to-
ward Portugal, a staunch
ally.
The next example was our
hostility toward President
Tshombe of Katanga, a
strong Communist who
is apparently taking liter
ally. my friend said. the self
determination of all nations
guaranteed in the Atlantic
Charter. And then he went
on to mention the fact that
our longtime ally, Holland,
had been forced through
American pressure to give
up a small remaining part
Of her empire, Irian, and cede
these poor natives to the pro-
Communist president of In
donesia, Sukarno; even
though the Dutch were will
ing to permit the natives to
decide for themselves wheth-
er they should become inde-
pendent or join with the In
doneSians. You actually
made it physically impossible
for the Netherlands to send
troops to defend the natives"
he added.
Take Laos" he said. "Af-
ter stating early in 1861 that
Laos full independence was
a matter of life and death
for the security of East Asia,
YOU have forced the creation
Of a so-called neutralist gov
ernment. 1t will be a Com
Evening star., 1962-09-06

and disregard Of the building
laws.
The law also prohibits giving
any bonus or gift to the home
owner-of a value greater than
$2.50-as an inducement to
sign a home improvement con-
tract. Accepting or receiving
a false certificate attesting to
satisfactory completion of the
work is punishable by a $4,000
fine and /or a three-year prison
term.
The five commission men,
bers are Chairman George 1
Klein, contractors John L
Knott and Louis p. Mathews
Attorney j. Thomas Requard
and District Court Judge H
Martin Rosen.
Mr.. Owens said any Mary.
land homeowner who feels h
has been fleeced in a home i'm
provement contract should no
tify the commission at 81
Light street, Baltimore.
Evening star., 1962-09-06
RALPH McGHL

Space" not too surpris-
ingly, has become an Ameri-
can industry which already
is about the size of the total
automobile productive plant.
If we figure in the amount
spent on space research and
development, it is larger.
In contrast, one Of the
newest and largest industries
-aircraft-has bloomed and
faded within a relatively
brief span Of years. There
remains a modest military
demand for planes. Civilian
passenger lines are keeping
a slow flow of jet transport
on production lines. There is
a slowing of interest in going
ahead with supersonic craft
which could whisk one across
the Atlantic in three hours.
The economic effect Of the
huge-passenger capacity Jets
has not yet been absorbed.
There are too many empty
seats. Space is the new
dynamic.
: We are now talking about
spending $50 billion, perhaps
'as much as $40 billion, on
7"space" between now and
1870. This is so vast an
amount that the imagination
cannot take hold on it. Crit
les Of the PROGRAM have
sought to do so by breaking
1t down. They have pointed
out that with this money
teachers salaries could be
raised 10 per cent for 10
years, universities and hos
apitals built, and many other
progressive and needed moves
be made.
This is true. But it danger
ously oversimplifies the mat
ter. In the first place there
lis no alternative. In the sec
-ond, the money for teachers,
schools, hospitals and educa-
s ton generally, must be voted
and appropriated. To expect
a Congress which stubbornly
has refused to vote a COM
paratively small amount as
Evening star., 1962-09-06

business-one that business
seems distinc city uneager
about-he must ask himself
what his chances really are
for the big 1854 tax pitch.
His signing of the current
monstrosity will amount to
declaring open season on
that program. 1t he. can be
made to swallow what is be-
ing done now, few members
of Congress will feel it worth
while to stand at the planned
new barricades.
The wrangle now stretch
ing into the fall makes it
reasonable also to ask If
Congress, as presently or
ganized and constituted, can
really handle a major reform
Of the present inequitable tax
system. 1t has shown no taste
and less talent for the job
and its so-called leadership
on the issue will remain the
same next year, no matter
what verdict the electorate
renders this fall.
For it is a dreary fact that
there has been no real battle
either for or against the vest
ed interests who are afraid
to have the tax question
opened up for analysis and
change. Almost millions of
words - mostly ill-tempered
= have been spent on the
Evening star., 1962-09-06
DORIS FLEEsoN
Future Tax Problem for President

present debate with negli-
gible return.
Its value is not in the eco
nomic field but IN it's display
Of how the individual mem
bers are pulled and hauled
by their campaign contribu-
tors and their political i'm
peratives at home. A premi-
um is being placed on the
doctrinaire position whether
it is liberal or conservative.
1t is a tribute to Senator
Dirksen's political talents,
which are very considerable,
that he has been able to find
so much middle ground foot
ing that his colleagues have
had to take it with him.
Senator Kerr, the Okla
homa Democrat who Is han
ding the bill because the
rigidly conservative Senator
Byrd of Virginia couldn't
stomach its disproportion
and inadequancy. has appar-
emily been reading his press
notices. Their praise of his
undoubted power and ability
has gone to his larynx which
normally he keeps under de-
cent control in public.
His colleagues have been
hazed by him in ways which
simple self respect will force
them to remember after the
snickers Of the galleries have
died away. This win further
endanger the Kennedy tax
program to be committed to
Kerr leadership next year.
Evening star., 1962-09-06
Outlay of Billions Held Matter of Course
Because u. S. Must Move Into Field

aid to education to vote bill
lions for teachers and the
construction of universities
is totally unrealistic. 1t is
merely a pleasant exercise to
consider what could be done
with that much money.
Space does not permit an
alternative. The money will
be found to finance it,
because we must. We may be
called upon to reduce our
foreign expenditures. We may
if the September meeting of
the World Bank and the In
ternational Monetary Fund
fail to produce easement of
our balance of payments posi-
tion, be forced to take steps
which some of our friends
will not like. But we cannot,
and will not, fail to move
ahead with a really first-rate
space program.
Such a program will, in
time, sharply affect the al
ready distorted labor force.
The space program will, of
necessity, be concentrated in
a few companies for the rea-
son that only a handful are
prepared to take it. Not
many corporations have done
the necessary research, built
machines, trained the men,
and made projections. The
Government will, of course,
seek to do what it can to
spread the work, to assure a
huge network of sub-con-
tracing contracts. But no
country has a great number
Of companies, large or small,
adequately prepared with
engineers, physicists. chem
ists.. and electronic experts
in design, tooling and pro-
ductive genius.
A massive space program
also will tend to put new
pressures on education.
There are not now enough
students in the various
schools Of science. There
Evening star., 1962-09-06
Americas Low Prestige in Europe

munist government within a
year.
And now you tolerate cold
blooded murders by the East
Berlin Vopos right under
your eyes, while at the same
time you emphasize human
rights for peoples all over
the world.
we know that it is not
the American people who
have changed. I have been to
the States recently, and I
know from personal con-
facts that they still have
lofty ideals and are the same
people who did not hesitate
to shed their blood for the
sake Of freedom, and to pour
out untold billions to make a
better world. No. the change
has come with your leader
ship. They are now tolerat-
ing aggression because of the
new element of fear. Ameri-
cas- leaders of the past
never had a fear complex
why, you entered the last
two wars totally unpre-
pared. But that didn't stop
you from your determination
to stamp out aggression.
There is a growing feel
ing in Europe today that
henceforth they will have to
go it alone without Ameri-
ca. Their leaders do not find
it polite to say it outright:
but the fact is that many Of
them are now writing off
the United States as the
mainstay Of the remaining
free world. This is the kernel
of Americas low prestige in
the world"
Evening star., 1962-09-06

MUNICH.-Much has been
written in the last year by
newspapermen reporting from
Europe that the policies fol-
lowed by the United States
have brought its prestige to
the lowest ebb in contempo-
rary history.
In three weeks Of travel
through Switzerland and
Germany your reporter has
talked not only with respon-
sible leaders but also with av-
erage citizens. In this city
there was an occasion to
combine a social visit and a
political discussion with an
old friend who. since the
early days Of the American
occupation, has been a strong
advocate Of a pro-American
policy for Germany. To him,
America has always been the
world beacon Of justice and
human rights.
I shall try to present in
condensed form a long con-
versation which, in the mind
of this reporter, represents
the views Of not only Ger
mans. but of many European
leaders regarding Washing
tons new policies.
THE Europeans. my Ger
man friend pointed out,
have frequently misunder-
stood Americas policies. This
is inevitable among the
democracies who have diff
ferent conceptions concern
ing freedom. But we all be-
lieved that you would never
tolerate the real meaning of
freedom to be snuffed out
anywhere in the world. We
Germans know what it is to
lose freedom and cur civil
rights. And when you de-
molished Hitler for us, we
believed we could look to
America to lead the way for
our country to regain its
democracy. And we always
believed that you would con-
tinue to do your utmost to
prevent aggression - from
whatever quarter it might
come.
But in these last few
years. and especially in the
last few months, we have
suffered a sort of slow shock; !;
we nave reluctantly come to
the conclusion that you re-
gard aggression with equan-
unity, provided it Is per-
petrated by the Communists
or neutralists. You have es-
tablished the principle that
aggression can pay dividends
for the aggresSors."
He then began to emu
merate concrete cases. He
started with the little en-.
claves such as Goa, belong.
ing to Portugal on the Indiar
continent, which was COB
bled up by the Indian armie
overnight, needlessly remind
ing me that our only reaction
was some outraged word
from the lips of United Ma.
Evening star., 1962-09-06

we move forcefully. The re-
cent Russian orbits called
forth a Pentagon illustration
Of the presence in the heav-
ems Of "sword-of-Damocles
missiles" carrying high-me-
gaton bombs and capable of
being dropped on signal.
We will spend $50 or $40
billion on space because we
must.
(All Rights Reserved)
Evening star., 1962-09-06
SUNDAY MORNING
SEPTEMBER 9, 1000 AM.
Lower School Kindergarten through Grade 81

under a joint resolution of the United
States Congress, is the oldest and largest
Hebrew Congregation in the Nations
Capital. During the past one hundred and
ten years, it has been leading force in
the spiritual life of the community. The
Temple is centrally located for all resi-
dental areas of greater Washington.
Evening star., 1962-09-06
Massachusetts, Avenue at Macomb Street NV.
SATURDAY MORNING
SEPTEMBER s, $3.50 AM.
Upper School tGrades 6 through 81

The Congregation welcomes the men,
bership of new families in the city and
the suburbs, who share the insight of
American Reform Judaism. We believe
that, in order to conserve our traditional
religious values, our ancient worship and
religious education must face the chal-
lenge of new age. The Washington
Hebrew Congregation, founded in 1852
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1962-07-14
ForeeIosing On
$4,000 Home
OF campaneIIa

MINEOLA, LA Supreme
Court judge here has granted
q motion for q. summary judg-
ment which would allow
mortgage firm To- foreclose on
the $4,000 home Of Roy Cam
PAMELA in Glen Cove, I. !. J.
Mrs. Rutt1e. CalnpanehA e.
tranged. wife Of the baseball
figure, will have to move from
the home within three months
The Judge hs,stDed aside
complaints Of Mrs.. Campanella
that her estranged- husband r.
fused to masks payments q,
the honl,in. a etfert TO- Yorce
her and their Children {roaa
CONTINUED On Page Two)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1962-07-14
e Negroes Win
]. Hay Grants
For Top Promise

New York - Twenty-three
Negroes have been awarded Op-
rortunity Fellowships for 1862,
the John Hay Whitney Founda-
ton announced last week.
This year the foundation has
awarded Fellowships to 45 per-
sons in q states, Puerto Rico,
the Virgin Islands, Eastern
Carolines and Marshall Islands.
These awards are granted to
young men and women who
show superior promise and who
have been prevented by race,
cultural background or region
If residence from fully develop
'ng their potentialities.
In the Is years the program
has been In operation, awards
have been made to 2o7 Negroes.
Continued On Page Five)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1962-07-14
FIRST NEGRO TO AER0PAE RESEARCH PILOT SCHOOL SELECTED
Supreme Court
To Review
Sit-In Cases

WASHINGTON-Sit-in DEM
constructors convicted for tres
passing on privately owned
property in their sit-in activity
will get their cases heard and
ruled upon by the u. S. Su-
preme Court next October, it
has been announced.
Numerous cases involving
sit-in persons have been on the
high court calendar for many
weeks, it was learned. In most
instances they are appealing
southern court convictions of
trespassing, mechanism of
southern segregationists to
Illustrate sit-in students and
citizens protesting segregation
in public places.
Other cases on the courts
Continued On Page Eighty
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1962-07-14
President State School Board Saw
Negro eaehers May Be Squeezed
Out Jobs By Indignation Of Schools
Loss Of Jobs BY Some Negro Teachers
One of The Hazards of Indignation

Baltimore, Md. July 9 - The
President Of the State School
last week that some Negro
teachers may be squeezed out
of their jobs by the migration
of schools in some counties, but
added that he knew of no deli
berate discrimination against
Negro teachers in formerly all
white Schools.
The president, Jerome Hamp-
ton, Jr., said the Board was
concerned about the accusation
of discrimination, which was
made at a recent conference on
race relations.
"Of course we are concerned
about" he said. eve are con-
cerned about all matters that
effect education in the State"
But, he said, there had not
been a formal complaint to the
board about the plight of Negro
teachers in the counties. He call
ed the loss of jobs by some
Negro teachers zone of the haz-
Continued On Page Eight)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1962-07-14
Goldberg Names
Three Negroes
To Region Post

Washington Secretary of
Labor, Arthur j. Goldberg, last
week announced the appoint.
ment Of three Negroes as reg
ional industrial training advis-
ers in the u. S. Department
of Labor's Bureau of Appren-
ticeship and Training.
The appointees are Mrs. Amy
Continued On Page Three)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1962-07-14
King Decides To Spend IS Days In
In Jail Rather Than Pay Fine

Albany, Ga. July 10 - Rev.
Martin Luther King, was put
in Jail here today after refus-
ing to pay a fine of $175.00 as
a result of a trial growing out
Of his arrest on charge Of stag
ing parade without city per-
nit.
Upon being order to Jail after
refusing to pay the fine, Rev.
King. who has been tainted
from several sources in recent
weeks because he has never
spent anytime in Jail while
many Of his followers in the
non-violent movement has spent
prison terms, announced that
he would spend the As days in
Jail rather than pay the fine.
Continued On Page Two)