davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-05-24

Monday May II. 1867, at the Dis
trlCt General Hospital GREGORY
MELVIN GRIMES, beloved son Of
Melvin and Cecilia Brandon Grimes
Of 255 l4th place ne. He also
leaves a brother. Tyron: two sisters,
Melba and Sandra Grimes: a grand
mother Edith Brandon, and otner
relatives and friends. Friends may
call at his late residence 255
18th place ne, on Thursday. MAY
- after 3 pm. where the rosary
will be recited at pm. Requiem
high mass will be sung on Friday
May %. at 10 am. at St Cyprian S
Church 18th and c SITS. Sc. In
terment Mount Oliyet Cemetery
Arrangements by Alexander S. Pope.
Evening star., 1962-05-24

HOLLAND. HATTIE c. on Monday.
May II 1862. HATTIE C, HOI,
LAND of 430 Newton place NV.
beloved mother of Mrs. Patricia r.
hlghtower, grandmother of Herbert
HightoWer, jr.. and sister OF Mrs.
Alice B. Roane, Mrs. Cornelius Pitts.
Miss Louise s. Queen, Mrs. Amy L.
Brown and William P. Thomas F..
Jemes J. and George W. queen.
Also surviving are other relatives
and many friends. After pm
Thursday. May "a. friends are in
yited, to call at the Mcclure Fu-
neral Home. 1920 9th st. NV.
where the rosary will be recited al
Z pm. Requiem mass will he ceIes
brated at the Shrine of the Sacred
Heart. 18th st. and Park I'd, NV,
al 10 am. Friday. May %. Inter
ment Mount Olivet Cemetery. "a
Evening star., 1962-05-24

WAGNER. OTTO n. On wednesday,
ts pitsl. oTro SO Ii " WAaNER aoSHasOaa Of fsoi H1Si
Argonne place NV. husband of Elsie
U. Wagner and father Of Elizabeth
mortal services viii be held at
Gawler's Chapel. 1853 Pa. ave. NV,
on Friday. Nav 25. at 12:45 pm.
Interment Arlington National Gem
etery
Evening star., 1962-05-24

HENRY, LOLA b. On Wednesday,
May %, 1862, at Freedmen's Hos
pltsl, MRS. LOLA B. IlENRY Of
go Madison st. ne. beloved sister
OF TeSsie Payne. Deter Anderson,
Mildred Chisolm. Beatrice EDWARDS
and Myrtle Davis; sister of Roland
boWers. Also surviving are other
relatives and friends. Remains
resting, at the John T. Rhines Co.
Notice OF funeral later
Evening star., 1962-05-24

Tuesday, May 22. 1869. Eric q,
HEINZ, Jr.. of Point Arena Air
Force Station, Calf. beloved son Of
the late Barbara Jean Heinz and 1t.
Eric Z. Heinz. He also is survived
by his grandparents. Mr.. and Mrs.
George B. Hughes and Mr.. and Mrs.
Kurt Heinz. Arrangements by
Gasch's Funeral Home Notice OF
funeral later.
Evening star., 1962-05-24

HURST. LEITHA. officers and mem-
!: !. u. ] q !
~ bers Of Clarendon Rebekah
AEN Lodge. No. IS, Arlington, Va,
NJ are requested to assemble at
IN the Green Funeral Home. Hern-
NlN don. Va. at 7:3O pm. Friday
Ny May 25. 1852. for the purpose
hI Of conducting services for our
D late sister. LEITHA RAY
~ HURST.
FLORENCE LOvLESS,
SELMA SMART. Secretary.
Evening star., 1962-05-24
Drafha

HURST. LEITHA R. Members Of
&k ls DagshtsTs Of Of Amer. Amsriea; are are
CE151 Green Funeral Home Hern-
vpXt7V don. Va. on Friday. May
NI IS. 1862. at 5 pm. 20 at
tend funeral services for our
late sister. LETTHA r. HURST
FLORENCE c. WILLIAMS 25
HOVER. WILLIAM. on Thursday.
May "A, 1902. WILLIAM HOVER,
Mr Hover rests st the Bernard
DaazsnSky & Sons Funeral Home,
1901 l4th 81. NV. Notice OF
funeral later.
JAMES. ELIZABETH. On Sunday. May
20. 1862. at her residence. l414
Bangor st. Sc, ELIZABETH JAMES.
Henry James. mes Mary small and Pris-
ella Robinson. Also surviving are
one brother. one sister. three grand-
children. ten Observation-Disclosures,
relatives and friends. After pm.
Thursday. May "A friends may call
at Lstney's Funeral Home 1881
Georgia ave. NV. Funeral services
and interment Columbia. s. c. -
KERN. GEORGE ROBERT. ST. On
WEDNESDAY, May %, 1862, at his
fHfsifsnes finsion vs So-' GeoRoE NSdis % RoBERT d At
KERN, Sr.. beloved husband Of Maria
r Kern. father of George Robert
Kern, ir;. Of washington. d. c.
S54s9 a s9 is reHss iqsTyed may sy tyf e T sFApS me
Ives Funeral Home. 2s47 wilson
blvd. Arlington, Va, where funeral
services Will be held on Friday,
woodstock. va. . nm. (EsTi.
kFTTLER, Nav r. 10y a9gIf Io5s On 3 kETfEE EqfFfHy
OF 6l4 Belle View blvd. Alexandria,
Va beloved husband Of Carrie
B. Kettler. father Of Edward L:
survived by one srandson, Edward
L. Kettler, II. Friends may call at
the S. H. Hines Co. Funeral Home,
390i l4th st; nv" W ts: after 3 pm pm.
itiesl Services at the above funeral
home on Friday. May 25. at . pm.
InteTment Prospect Hill Cemetery
LANHAM. CLARA NJ. On THURSDAY,
May "A, 1852. CLARA NJ. LANHAM,
Mount 5 Rainier. Ma; sister Of oeorse
e Lanham. Mrs. Victoria L. CLARK
son of Hancock Point, Me; aunt
Of Edward ]. Lanham, Louis A. Wal
den, Mrs. Gertrude Brookhank, Mrs.
Louise Bacon and Mrs. Dorothy W.
Lodge. Notice Of funeral later.
LUCAS. ELSIE NJ. On Tuesday. May
-. 1862. ELSIE NJ. LUCAS Of
2l6 Kentucky ave Sc, daughter
Of the late Clara Allen and sister
of Edward L. Crawford and ErneS-
other relatives and many friends
After 4 pm. Friday. May 25. friends
are invited TO call at the MCGUIRE
Funeral Home, 1870 9th st. NV,
where the rosarv will be recited
at S pm. Requiem mass will be
celebrated at st. Cyprian's Cath
olic Church. 18th and c SITS. Sc.
at 10 am. Saturday. May 2B. In
terment Mount Olivet Cemetery -
Evening star., 1962-05-24

BRYANT. BENJAMIN. Members of
e. - Boston Council No. ~.
kN1h Daughters of America, are
2& requested to meet at the
E1 Ives Funeral Home. 2Sil
NaaHY Wilson blvd, Arlington. Va.
Nl on Thursday. May "a, 1852,
~ at pm. to attend the
funeral services for our late brother
BENJAMIN BRYANT.
MABEL NJ. TURNER. Councillor.
N nRENCE e MIIIIAMS EecN-
Evening star., 1962-05-24
MnNTGnMERY lYANnEN RERGHEl

INANDEN BERGHEl,
GABRIELLE. On Wednesday, May
%. 1862, at her nome, 1922 Asbury
place NV. GABRIELLE tVANDEN
BERGHED MONTGOMERY, beloved
wife of the late James Montgom-
cry and beloved mother OF Mrs.
Jessie NJ McKeever and Richard
Douglass Montgomery. Friends may
call at the Bircn Funeral Home
3u34 NJ st. NV, after . pm.
Wednesday. May %. Services will
be at St. Paul's Episcopal Church,
243O K st. NV. on Saturday. May
2B. at 1l:30 am. 1nterment Fort
Evening star., 1962-05-24
HEINZ, IN BARBARA JEAN; suddenly, On

TUESDAY. May %, 1862. BARBARA
JEAN HEINZ of Point Arena Air
Force Station. Calf, beloved wife
the late Master Eric E. Heinz, jr.
she also is survived by her parents.
Mr.. and Mrs. George b. Hughes. and
a brother, Mr., Robert Hughes. Ar
rangements by Gasch's Funeral
Home. Notice Of funeral later
Evening star., 1962-05-24

ROSA, On Sunday. May 90
1869. at District General Hospital
ROSA WARD beloved mother OF
Leonard Ward. She also is survived
by four grandchildren and eight
law, Evelyn Ward, and devoted
friend. John Jones: other relatives
end friends. From g to 10 pm
Friday, NAV 25, friends may cal
at the Brooks g. Allen Funeral Home
18th st. and Florida ave. NV
where services will be held on Sat
urday. May %, at pm. Bishop
Samuel Kelsey officiating. Inter.
ment Harmony Memorial Park, 25
Evening star., 1962-05-20
Neutral Combodio

Since it was the farthest dis
tance from Hanoi, Cambodia es-
capped the cold war tensions, and
today is a neutral, developing
state. South Wet Nam and Laos
have been troubled from the start
with Communist subversion.
The situation in Laos was
further complicated by several
factors.
. The people had no history like
Cambodia and Wet Nam. Laos had
no traditions as a state, and its
mountainous terrain made COM
munications virtually impossible.
This made it easier for factions
to develop.
. In Geneva, the Pathet Lao
forces-supported by the Com
munists-were allowed to control
two northern provinces until a
unity government could be agreed
upon. No such government has
been created yet.
Q Three different factions have
competed for power. Each had its
own military force, and two have
been supported by foreign in
terests.
The three are the pro-Com-
munist Pathet Lao, led by Prince
Souphanouvong; the neutralists,
led by Prince Souvanna Phouma
and Gen. Kong lie; and the
royalist. pro-Western forces, led
by Prince Boun Gum and Gen.
Phoumi Nosavan.
Evening star., 1962-05-20
Four Are Out

Four administration men quick
ly we're out in the first waves of
publicity over the case:
James T. Ralph, former Assist
ant Secretary of Agriculture, who
had supervision over both the cot
ton and grain storage programs,
dismissed. by Secretary Freeman
for connections with Estes. Mr..
Freeman said Estes had paid some
telephone bills for Mr.. Ralph.
William E. Morris, former as
SiStant to Mr. Ralph who was fired
for being unavailable for queS-
tioning.
Emory Jacobs, former Deputy
Director of the Commodity Stabili-
Zation Service, who resigned but
denied any wrong doings.
Jerry R. Holleman, a former
Texan who was Assistant Secretary
of Labor. He admitted that he
took check from Estes for 81. 900
for living expenses. He resigned.
When the officials started de-
parting and when the news from
Texas kept rolling in that further
moves we're considered against
Estes, the tempo of the Washing
ton reaction mounted.
Evening star., 1962-05-20
Action Planned
These things were afoot:

These things were afoot::
Senator McClellan's Senate In
vestigating Subcommittee was all
over the place, plotting an in
vestigation into every phase of
the case. Estes himself was sub
poenaed.
The FBI assigned no fewer than
76 agents to work on the case.
The Internal Revenue Service
made known that it was looking
into Estes income tax returns.
The Justice Department was
checking the truth of his finan-
cial statements for bonding.
AS honesty in Government was
the big ethical issue raised in
this case, politics was the practical
effect.
The Republicans made fast time
with every development. They
called for Secretary Freeman's S
resignation, accusing him of drag
ging his feet When President
Kennedy expressed anew his trust
in Mr.. Freeman, they demanded
that the Secretary take a leave
of absence. Senator Mundt, OF
South Dakota, senior Republican
member of the Senate Investiga-
tions Subcommittee, said that
the Agriculture Department had
known since last July of Estes
cotton allotments deals and had
taken no action.
Evening star., 1962-05-20
Frdnce:
Prestige

Five members Of Charles de
Gualle's cabinet resigned last
week in disagreement with his
views on European political
integratiOn.
Four years ago this month,
Charles de Gaulle was summoned
from retirement to save France.
Since then, he has ended the AL
gerian War, raised Frances econo-
my, and most important to him,
boosted Frances prestige.
The last point, however, has
been done at the cost Of Frances
alliance with the rest Of the West.
principally the United States and
Great Britain. For in Mr.. de
Gaulle's mind, prestige in the
Twentieth century means posses
sion of nuclear arms.
And since the United States and
Britain both refuse to share nu-
clear secrets with France, France
has had to chart its own military
course at odds with the rest of
NATO.
This has led, also. to friction be-
tween France and its allies over
such policies as disarmament and
nuclear testing. France says it will
not stop testing until it perfects
Evening star., 1962-05-20
Political Unity

In his press conference Mr.. de
Gaulle said that Western Europe
must organize its political unity
on the basis of cooperation among
states. not integration or supra
nationality"
II have already said, and I re-
peat. that at the present time
there is not and canot be any
other possible Europe than a
Europe of states, apart of course
from myths, fictions, parades."
France will never allow its po-
litical course to be directed by
anyone else. Mr.. de Gaulle has
said, and that is why he is against
supra-nationality, which implies
majority rule. His view is una
nimity when national interest is
at stake.
In the immediate future, Mr..
de Gaulle believes French West
German solidarity is the key to
the security and prosperity of
Western Europe. He sprinkled his
conference with sarcastic thrusts
at the Anglo-American efforts to
settle the Berlin crisis with the
Russians. He had no interest in
the disarmament conference, and
he showed no enthusiasm for en-
larging the Common Market to
include England or anyone else.
Evening star., 1962-05-20
Political Dangers

The President was aware of the
political dangers inherent in such
a case as this in any year -
especially in this election year
and in his press conference re-
marks on it he was careful to
point out that Estes got his first
Government grain storage con-
tracts in 1859 Cunder the Eisen-
hover administration and that
S. million of the So million fees
the Government paid on the con-
tracts were received by Estes
prior to 1861, when Mr.. Kennedy
took office.
While the President was natur-
ally defending himself and his as
sociates against what he conSid-
erS a possible misinterpretation
for political purposes, he was by
no means minimizing the need
for action. Bracing for more
revelations and no one doubted
that there will be more, many
more, perhaps-he said:
I'VE intend that the personnel
of the United States Government
will meet the highest ethical
standards possible and when they
do not, action will be taken"
It was a strength of our Gov
ernment that - as often in the
past - we had a system which
Continued on Page CO.
Evening star., 1962-05-20
In Thoilond

Thailand, member of the
Southeast Asia Treaty Organiza-
ton, shares a common border
with Laos, and fears that if the
Pathet Lao takes all of Laos,
its turn might be next. This
led, in turn, to the dispatch of
United States forces last week.
The best intelligence reports in
Washington indicated that the
fighting was over except for oc-
casional guerrilla sorties. There
was no sign that the Communists
plan to attack Thailand or to
break the cease-fire further.
What then, led to the present
crisis in Southeast Asia, and what
are the prospects?
The dissolution of the French
Indo-China empire in 1854 left
much of the area still suffering
from chaotic economic, political,
and military policies.
The prof. Communist forces in
Indo-C China, principally centered
in Hanoi, and led by Ho Chi Mini.
tried to expand their influence in
the rest of the area. The 1854
Geneva treaty gave North Wet
Nam to the Communists but
South Wet Nam, Cambodia, and
Laos were supposed to be inde-
pendent and free.
Evening star., 1962-05-20
Ministers Quit

The repercussions from this con-
ference were immediate. Since the
Popular Republican Movement
(MRP) is the leading exponent of
a federated, integrated Europe,
five MRP ministers were forced
to resign from Mr. de Gaulle's
cabinet. They had Joined his cab
met on the belief he would modify
his European views. He has not.
The Benelux nations, long in
favor of strong federated unity,
took Mr.. de Gaulle's statement
calmly, and again repeated their
own views.
President Kennedy was asked to
comment on Mr.. de Gaulle's re-
marks at his own press conference.
Mr.. Kennedy discreetly avoided
being involved in the question OF
European unity, but had strong
remarks on nuclear weapons.
I'VE do not believe in a series
of nuclear deterrents," Mr.. Ken
nedy said. "Once you begin.
nation after nation it seems
to me that you are moving into
an increasingly dangerous situa-
ton. First France, then another
country, then another, until very
solid and I think, effective defense
alliance, may be somewhat weak
ened."
Evening star., 1962-05-20

United States forces were
sent to Thailand last week in
the aftermath of the broken
Laotian cease fire.
Along the Thailand side of the
Mekong River, United States
Marines, their uniforms muddy
and their rifles unfired, pitched
camp last week. They were
relatively few, but were ready to
fight if Communist forces invaded
Thailand.
On the opposite side, in the
Laotian capital of Vientiane,
peasants-gaily costumed in holi-
day dress. their faces painted red
and black fired rockets in the
air and celebrated for three con-
Secutive days. 1t was their annual
fertility festival in honor of the
great Buddha and the forthcom-
ing rainy season.
The two different Mekong
scenes symbolized clearly the con-
flicting forces in Southeast Asia
today.
The United States troops, 1000
advisers" in South Wet Nam and
about 5000 combat forces in Thai
land, represent the Vests inten-
ton to prevent that backward, but
strategic area of the world from
being used as a Communist base
Of operations.
Evening star., 1962-05-20
Tempers Gained

On Tuesday, Secretary of State
Rusk met with Soviet Ambassador
Dobrynin to discuss the situation.
Mr.. Dobrynin repeatedly repeated
Mr.. Khrushchev's pledge on Laos
neutrality.
BY the end of the week, tempers
were calm and there were signs
that a political situation might be
arranged in Laos.
Prince Boun Gum was on his
way home from Taiwan and Prince
Souvanna Phouma was heading
for Vientiane from Paris. With
his army disabled. it seems that
Boun Gum may finally agree on
a coalition cabinet in which the
neutrals would control the key
posts.
At his press conference, PreSi-
dent Kennedy said that the Gov
ernment's main objective was to
bring about such a government
and to avoid the great hazards"
of war in that area of the world.
He said the loss Of Nam Tha was
not critical, and hoped the cease
fire could be preserved.
Evening star., 1962-05-20
Chinese View

A great deal, of course, depends
on the Russian Chinese view of
the situation. Some people feel
there is a rivalry between the two
great powers for prominence in
the area. The Chinese, some ex-
perts believe, would like to con-
quer all of Laos, but the Russians,
for various economic, political and
military reasons, would prefer to
neutralize the country.
Soviet diplomats in Washington
tried to convince journalists and
officials last week that the fight
ing was only of limited nature
and that the Soviet position was
the same as ever.
Prospects are for continued
American buildups in Thailand,
aided by token contingents from
Britain, Australia and the Philip
pines, perhaps. And if agreement
is possible, the three Laotian
Princes may finally settle on a
neutral cabinet. The question is
whether neutral" is synonymous
with Communist" The That's
and Wet Nam are anxiously wait
ing to find out too.
Evening star., 1962-05-20
The NAzo4 SCENE THE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
In Fomiior Pattern A Second Ca|mer Look at Laos

Revelations, accusations and
inquiries multiplied last week in
the case Of Billy Sol Estes, the
Texas boy wonder financier
whose spectacular fall involved
Government officials and pri-
vate dealers alike.
The Kennedy administration
found itself last week in the midst
OF its first big-scale scandal.
The President himself was phi
losophical about it.. He said:
I'VE have over 100000 en-
ployes a good many that
people take advantage of or at
tempt to influence them to seek
private gain. Some succumb.
Most do not.
"Improprieties occur in a good
many different kinds of life,
whether it's with labor, manage
ment, government. Not all peo-
pie are able to withstand these
preSSureS. -"
WaShington's memory went back
to other administrations and their
troubles: the deep freeze and mink
sensations of the Truman era, the
incredible Sherman Adams-Ber-
nard Goldfine friendship tha t
shook the Eisenhower regime.
Evening star., 1962-05-20
Familiar Pattern

The pattern was familiar too.
First there were rumors, next a
confirmation of an isolated fact
or two. then the gradual emerg-
ence of an idea that was greater
than the whole of rumor's parts.
The Texans case assumed legal
standing on April 5 when he was
indicted by a Federal grand jury
on charges of defrauding finance
and investment companies by
raising money on mortgages on
liquid fertilizer tanks that never
existed.
After that came the deluge for
the man whose multi-million dol
| lar empire had made him the
friend of political big-wigs, a
heavy contributor to Democratic
party funds, and a man conspicu-
GUS even in Texas for the magni-
tude of. his operations.
He was, first of all, a farmer
on scale truly Texan thousands
of acres with a concommitant fer
tilizer business Che cornered the
market in northwest Texas for a
liquid fertilizeD the reasonable
side business of grain storage Che
received So million in storage
fees); the dealing in cotton acre
age allotments Che had a way of
buying up allotments from other
! farmers and turning them to his
advantage). These major activi-
ties were accompanied by such
left-hand projects as running a
newspaper and even an undertak-
ing establishment. In Pecos,
Texas, Mr.. Estes Was The Man.
Evening star., 1962-05-20
ThuiIond Defense

Last week end, President Ken
nedy met with his top military
and political advisers. Their de-
cision was this:
. Laos is indefensible militarily.
If the Pathet Lao wants to cap
ture the country, the Unite d
States cannot do anything with
out entering on a full-scale war.
o Thailand, however, is defens-
ible, and might be Red target if
Laos fell. Thus, sending of troops
to Thailand at the Meking River
would show that the United States
would stand by its allies and
would show that it was not re-
treating from its commitments. It
probably was safe since war is
unlikely there.
. Politically, the Laotian situa-
ton was an internal matter None
of the armies involved was nom
Laotian. Thus, sending of Ameri-
cans to Laos would break the
Vienna agreement with the Rus
slams and might force them to
send troops to that area.
Q Diplomats reported that the
Russians pledged their desire for
a neutral" Laos. And indications
were that the initial "war-scare'
Evening star., 1962-05-20
Threat Widespread

1t is said with emotion in the
Pentagon that if Southeast Asia
goes Communist, the security of
such countries as Malaga. the
Philippines and Singapore is
threatened. If the West abandons
Thailand and Wet Nam, then
Burma and Cambodia, presently
neutral, may be overwhelmed by
the Chinese dragon.
And yet, the American effort
is often a frustrating one. The
people in this far-off corner are
by and large untouched, un-
familiar, and unconcerned with
the problems of the cold war.
In Laos, the most uncivilized
of the former Indo-China states,
life is easy. Food is abundant,
and military operations are ways
of life. only for the mountain
tribes in the far north where Laos
borders North Wet Nam. 1t is
also where the Communist forces
have their largest support.
At present, the cease-fire in
Laos, broken by the Pathet Lao
three weeks ago, is again in ex-
istence. The Pathet Lao have
taken two towns in northwest
Laos, formerly controlled by the
pro-Western royalist forces, but
have made no effort to attack
the major centers of Vientiane
and Luang Prabang.
Evening star., 1962-05-20
Empire FoHs

But after the indictment his
whole empire fell apart:
The Agriculture Department
ruled that he violated Federal
Federal cotton marketing quotas
last year with acreage allotments
acquired Illegally in a series of
land deals. A penalty of $554,000
was assessed.
The State of Texas instituted
an antitrust suit charging that
he illegally cornered the West
Texas liquid fertilizer market,
using funds he received for stor-
ing $50 million worth of Govern
ment surplus grain.
The exact way in which Mr.
Estes was able to involve hun
dreds of individuals (mostly farm
ers) and at lease % finance COM
panies in the manipulations which
led to the uproar in Washington
was a genuine mystery. The world
of financial manipulation is hard
enough to understand and the
farm allotment storage complica-
tions add nothing toward Clarity
ing this case. Washington's eye
was caught at first by the news
paper reports that some undue
influence in Washington was ex-
erted in helping Estes build his
empire.
The Republicans were quick to
say that it couldn't have hap
pened If the Department Of Agri-
culture had been vigilant enough.
This was echoed in an unusual
revelation by an official in the
department itself who told the
press that he had reason to be-