davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-11
CAMERA
CALENDAR

YMCA FoToCRAFT CLUB, Tues
day, 8 pm. 1916 Twelfth street
NV; color slide competition: also
preparation for GWCCC spring
Photographic salon.
NATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHIC so.
Getty, Wednesday. 8 pm. National
Museum, Tenth and Constitution
avenue NV. Guest speaker. George
Tames, Making Prize-Winning Pic
lures" Mr.. Tames began his career
as q photographer in 1888 with
Time-Life here and is now with the
New York Times. Sunday magazine:
He set a record for consecutive first
place winnings, including the grand
award last year, in competitions OF
the White House News PhotoRra-
piers Association. Members may
submit four black-white prints for
Judging prior to 8 pm.
SILVER SPRING CAMERA CLUB.
Thursday. 1913 pm, Silver Spring
Library on Colesville road. Vernon
Wertz will give demonstration on
Seeing Lighting"
USDA PHOTOGRAPHIC ROUND
TABLE, Graduate School, Friday, 8
p.m., Room 1905, South Agriculture
Building. Analysis and screening by
members prints and slides for: ID
GWCCC Inter Club Competition and
~ Second annual Ansco Contest
for Camera Clubs.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-11
A Musical Tour

The world of folk music
and the like is an engaging
one. It represents a stable
portion of the inexhaustible
record production and has
many followers. For the ad-
diets and the growing num-
bers of converts, here are
some echoes from around the
globe:
HUNGARIAN STATE
FOLK FESTIVAL: Chorus
and orchestra under Imri
Csenki - (Monitor) - from
the first notes of the Kallo
Double Dance by Zoltan Ko-
daily it Is evident this is the
very heart Of Hungary. The
ensuing Wedding in Ecser by
Maros, Bottle Dance by Gull
vas, The Grapes Are Ripe by
Farkas and The Spinning
Room by Gulyas throb with
this indomitable Nations will
to live and love. Exciting and
inspirational.
BEST LOVED FRENCH
SONGS: Martial Singher,
baritone, with chorus and
orchestra under Anton Paulik
-(VanguarO -Singher long
has been a leading figure in
operate and concert singing.
Washington knows him we'll
in both roles. Here he al
ternates with the chorus in
II songs, many of them quite
familiar to Americans, such
as the opening World War
I drinking and marching
song, La Madelon. There are
patriotic songs, drinking
songs, songs OF satire and
love. And all done to the
hilt.
EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
SHAKESPEAREAN SONGS:
April Cantelo, soprano, with
the English Chamber Orches-
ira, Raymond leopard con-
Quoting - G'Oiseau-Lyre) -
In a pure, unaffected voice,
Miss Cantelo runs through
IA songs mostly by 18th Gen.
fury composers moved to set
music to lyrics from Shake
spearean plays. This is a
charming example of works
by John Christopher Smith,
Haydn, Arne and others.
ACCORDIORAMA: Pro-
gram by the Hohner Ac-
Gordon Symphony Orchestra,
Rudolf Wuerthner conduct
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-11
BY HERMAN SCHADEN
Star Record Critic

Your attention is called to
fresh and powerful evidence
that there no longer exists a
"big three" in Americas
orchestral world.
No longer can there be ex-
cluded from the exclusive
elite such symphonic groups
as the Cleveland, Pittsburgh,
Detroit and Minneapolis en-
tries. And of course that
applies most emphatically to
our own National Symphony.
Bringing all this into sharp
focus is a new Epic release
of the Cleveland in the first
recording of william Wal
tons Second Symphony and
Stravinsky's Firebird Suite.
1t bears out what music
lovers can learn directly next
Saturday night when George
Sell brings his Clevelanders
to Constitution Hall: This
is a magnificent symphonic
instrument.
About the record, may we
suggest to anyone who has
SHE'D away from Walton's
music before: Give this a try.
If it includes echoes from
his astringent and contro-
versial First Symphony, they
are only incidental to a fine
composition teeming with
energetic, colorful harmonies
in the outer movements and
an elegiac middle movement.
And the Firebird! Whether
you have it or not, it would
be worth repeating here for
this most brilliant perform
ance. Yes, the Philadelphia,
Boston and New York orches-
tras, sometimes known as the
"big three" are good, too.
- a.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-11
PHILATELIC NEWS
Haiti Malaria Design
Work of Artist Here
BY BELMONT FAIRIES
Star Stamp Editor

The design for Haiti's
Malaria Eradication stamp
has been prepared by a
Haitian artist now working
in Washington.
Vergnaud Pierre-Noel, a
designer in the visual aids
section of the Pan American
Sanitary Bureau, developed
the design as a contribution
to the anti-malaria cam
paign.
It shows a malaria eradi-
cation sprayman with a small
girl in a Haitian setting. The
10 confines denomination
includes the World Health
Organization seal and MA
laria Eradication" in French.
The figure of the spray
man is based on a photo
graph by Maxine Rude Of
Arlington.
Mr.. Pierre-Noel's art work
Is intended for reproduction
by steel engraving. Date of
issue for the stamp has not
yet been announced, but it
will be within the April Z
December 81 period set by
the World Health Organiza-
ton for philatelic participa-
ton in this years malaria
eradication program, in
which more than 80 coun-
tries are cooperating.
Mr.. Pierre-Noel, who re-
ceived his diploma from
l'Ecole Central de Damien
(the University of HATH,
also studied graphic arts at
Columbia University in New
York and on an Argentine
fellowship in Buenos Aires.
He designed most of the
stamps issued by Haiti in the
1940s, including sets for the
Third Inter-American Carib-
bean Conference (194D; Our
Lady Of Perpetual Help,
Patroness of Haiti (1942);
Admiral Hammerton Killick
(l943); United Nations Re-
lief for War Victims 1944;
Red Cross C1945); Jean
Jacques Dessalines (1947O ,
and the Centenary Of Port
au-Prince 1880.
Since 1852 Mr.. Pierre-Noel
has been with the Pan Ameri-
can Sanitary Bureau, region
al office of the World Health
Organization here, as a de-
signer Of its publications,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-11
BY A. J. WEDDERBURN
Contributing Writer

SoHbriputiuB WElteT
Random thoughts on a
cold winters day..
On mottled prints: If, for
no apparent reason, your
prints come out of the de-
veloper with a notified look
first check the expiration date
of the paper. If printing pa
per becomes too old before
use it will produce this eff
feet. If this is not the case
then it may be that you over
exposed the print, another
common cause of nothing.
Uneven development will play
the same trick so take pains
to see that the developing
print is fully submersed in
the solution at all times.
On test strips: These will
save both time and money,
as well as prevent feelings of
impotence.
Before making a final print,
cut a length of the same pa
per you will use and lay it
in position on your printing
easel or frame so that a rep
resentative portion of the
light and dark areas will reg
lister.
Then develop this strip and
study it well before using
an entire sheet of paper.
If you note that the ex-
posture was off in one or more
respects you can correct for
this when making the prints
you will keep.
Then save the test strip
and file 1t away with the neg
alive. Put all pertinent data
on the strip so that even
years later you will be able
to make reprints from the
same film without wasting
more paper on unsatisfactory
prints.
On the use Of hair dryers
in photography: These handy
little gadgets, snatched quietly
from milady's boudoir, can
serve nicely in the darkroom,
especially if you have more
than one roll of film to proc
ess in a reel-type tank. If
you have ever tried to insert
a roll of film in a wet reel
you know what we mean. Just
direct the drier's stream of
warm air on the reel. It will
dry thoroughly in just a few
seconds. You can also use
the drier if you are in a
hurry to dry out a strip of
negatives.
On getting sharp mirrOred
images: Many a camera fan
has taken great pains to focus
his camera on a mirror and
then, to his great surprise,
found that on the developed
negative the image was not
sharp at all. The answer is
simple but not readily ap-
parent unless you know the
story. Focusing for the dis
lance from camera to mirror
is not enough. Instead, focus
for the distance from
camera to mirror PLUS the
distance from the reflected
subject to the mirror. Easy,
isn't it?
On Out-Of focus enlarge
ments: Even though you may
have a sharp negative in your
enlarger, sometimes the prints
will be somewhat out Of focus,
With an autofocus enlarger
the machine itself may be
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-11
CAMERA ANGLES
Some Hell pfuI Hints
On Picture Mokino

suspect. Occasionally it will
get out of killer and need an
adjustment.
But if you focus the en-
larger by hand 1t is possible
that the trouble stems from
having your lens stopped
down too far. When focusing
it is best to have the lens
wide open-then close it down
after you are sure the image
is sharp.
A further possibility is that
your eyes are not as good as
they once were and you need
glasses or a new prescription
for your glasses. As a final
thought. take a closer look at
the negative. Perhaps 1t isn't
as sharp as you thought it
was.
On cable releases: These
fine little accessories, that
allow you to get away some
distance from your camera
while tripping the shutter.
work beautifully as long as
you take proper care of them.
A cable release, particularly
the long one, is often ruined
by being bent or kinked in
use or when carelessly thrust
into a gadget bag. This de-
vice is just a length of wire
that travels through a pro-
tective sheath. Should the
wire become bent or kinked
it will either jam in the COW
ering sheath or force its way
through the wall Of this cover.
Be careful with it and it will
give many years of service.
On composition: Good
composition is just good taste
in the arrangement of the
objects in a scene you are
about to photograph. Take a
good long look through your
viewfinder before swapping a
picture. Shoot only after you
are entirely satisfied that
what you see in the finder will
satisfy you in a print made
from the negative. Otherwise
move your camera to differ
ent angle or level or move
the person who is the prin-
cipal subject. After all is
said and done, each picture
you take reveals your own
personal taste and ability as
a photographer. So give
thought to correcting the
composition before not after
the shutter clicks.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-11

The multicolor photogra-
vure set printed by Harrison
& Sons of London includes
the Pietro Ann1goni portrait
of Queen Elizabeth II and
features a variety of scenes,
flora and fauna associated
with the islands.
A special panel of the new
stamps sprepared with the
cooperation of the Crown
Agents will go on display in
the Philatelic and Postal
History Division of the
Smithsonian Institution
Wednesday.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-11

She also wears elaborate side
ringlets which are puffed out.
This Greek style was adopted
because the first emperors
favored archaic tastes. One
curl escapes to fall spirally
beneath her ear, a conceit
which she and her contem-
poraries handed down to
future generations.
VERNON BIGSBY.
The Washington NunliS-
matte Society, whose men,
berS haze prepared this series
OF articles, mill dnSaUer QueS-
tionS on coins or paper
money addressed to NumiS-
matte Notes, The Sunday
Star, Washington 3, D. C.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-11
Ansco Handbook

A new de luxe 60-page
Graphic Arts handbook is
being offered by Ansco, a
division of General Aniline &
Film Corp, Binghamton, N.
Y, to aid in shop techniques
and guide those who want to
know the story behind prod
uctS and how these materials
may be used to best advan-
tage. The booklet is available
at camera Graphic Arts
dealers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-11

but he has continued his in
terest in the stamp field.
x Il 4
Arlington Club Elects
Gilbert Corwin was elected
president of the Arlington
Stamp Club last Wednesday
night, succeeding DR.. Paul
F. Dickens, jr. Kenneth
Whitfield is the new vice
president and Mrs. Esther
Kidwell, secretary-t treasurer.
y Il II
Stamps for the Wounded
Herman L. Neugass, vice
president and store manager
for Lansburgh's, has agreed
to handle Washington area
contributions to the Stamps
for the Wounded program.
Stamps, albums, catalogues
and other accessories are
needed for work at Walter
Reed Hospital. Any such con-
tributions may be mailed to
Mr.. Neugass at his home,
1888 Fulton street NV, or
he can arrange for bulkier
material to be picked up if
you call him at FEE. 3-6842.
4 u Il
First Day Figures
First day covers totaled
$685. $3.50 when the Accent New
Mexico Statehood centennial
stamp went on sale January
6 at Santa Fe. In all, 462 ,254
stamps with a value of $18,-
490.16 were sold on the day
Of issue.
ShOwgard Mounts
An American-made stamp
mount is being used for
mounting the official collec-
ton of the Crown Agents in
London, according to A. j.
E. Davis. the Crown Agents
representative here. It is the
polystyrol Showgard Mount
made by Vidiforms Co., Box
TAB, Brooklyn l, N. Y.
4 \ Il 4
New Issues
CANAL ZONE-A 4-cent
multicolor stamp commence
rating the 50th anniversary
of the Girl Scouts will be is
sued March IL.
The central design of the
Girl Scout badge is super
imposed on a tropical scene
of camping on the shores of
Gatun Lake. The stamp has
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-11
SEARCH FOR
RARE COINS

Woodward & lothrop will buy rare
coins ond coin collections for Gosh.
We ore olweys in the market for
large or small amounts Of any mo-
teriul needed in our stock including:
U. S. gold, silver and minor coins
Of all types and oil dotss.
U. S. lorse size Paper money as we'll
as Confederate and Colonial issues.
General foreign coins in oil metols
from both ancient end modern eovn-
tries.
Bring your eeins 10 our coin depart
ment for our inspection, and offer
and immsdiote payment, or ship them
by registered mail or Roilwuy Ex-
press. We will submit our offer 10
you az once and keep your coins in
toes pending your decision,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-11

been printed in bronze, green
and blue on the Giori press
-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-11

A valuable book for you, only
LIS. "APproisins and Selling
Your Coins" A complete Illus
troted coiolosve Of U. S. coins
and bills and their Gosh premi-
UNI values, as we'll as the COM
Plete eoinose Of conado. Hard
cover, handy size, fully illus
tr1ted. l76 pages. This stundord
quality book Of The Coin end
Currency Institute will be con-
stontly consulted. With it you can
approise coins yourself and esti-
mate their Gosh volue 10 you.
LIS, plus l5e shipping charge.
, 1962-07-09
Job Printing
E. Stanley
glee, London.

Mr.. Van Wallaghem
served as Executive Vice
President of the Virgin IS
lands Telephone Corpora
ton for almost three years.
He came to st. Thomas
shortly after TITS purchase
Of the telephone company
anr has guided the improve
ment program as well as
the new automatic dial sys-
tenn which is scheduled to
go into service this fall.
, 1962-07-09
Virgin

Virgin -.
tional delegates attending
the eleven-nation parley of
Junior Chamber Interna-
tional in St. Thomas from
July q through 20.
, 1962-07-09
FAC
R~e-apportic; 1ment

Re-apporticament
Members-at-Large; three
from the Districts Of St.
Croix and st. Thomas and
one member from the Dis
trict Of st. John realistic,
as the NeWs-C current claims.
That is, will it give an equal
voice in the halls Of our Lee
gislature to the peoples of
ST. Thomas and st. Croix;
or will it throw complete
control Of the Legislature
into the hands Of one island
for decades to come.
The position taken by Senator
Alexander and myself was taken
in a confidential cable addressed
to Governor Paiewonsky in Wash
ington. We outlined our views to
the Governor, as titular head Of
the Democratic Party Of the Vir-
gin Islands. Mr.. Alexander and /
spoke in our capacity as State
Chairman and National Commit
teeman, respectively. Senator Luz
cinda Millin joined in the commu-
nication as Democratic National
Committeeman for the Virgin
Islands.
We told the Governor that we
were deeply concerned over the
possible passage, by Congress at
this time, of legislation providing
for a reapportionment Of the vot-
ing structure in the Virgin Islands.
We urged that the proposal be held
over until the next session Of Con-
gress, so that it could be given pro-
per study, as we found that a ma
jority Of the people; particularly
on st. Croix, did not understand
what the legislation was about.
orMeover, it was felt that the i'm
mediate enactment Of the legisla-
ton would put the island of Saint
Croix at a distinct disadvantage.
Since Governor Paiewonsky's re
turn to the Virgin Islands yester-
day, / have correspondent with him
making my position Enthusiastically
clear.
As for the st. Croix News Cur
rent. what it has to say is of
very little importance, since It in
no way represents the views of the
people Of ST. croix. Even its mast
head, claiming that it is St.Croix
newspaper published in Christian
sted, st. Cfoix, is fraudulent. It is
published outside Of st. Croix and
It represents the views of those
outside Of st. Croix. Certainly its
position regarding legislative re-
apportionment cannot be consi.
dered as in the best interests of
, 1962-07-09

FoR SALE
FORD CONSUL
FORD F
FORD ANGLIA
GALA JEEP
Excellent condition; can be
seen at
LEO'S GARAGE
Christiansted
8 COMPLETELY
Furnished Efficiencies
overlooking Frederiksted
NEW {
$s5 to $l25.OO monthly
Phone F'sted Is
, 1962-07-09
FOR SALE

,243 Cal. Savage
Lever Action Hi-Power Rifle.
Like new.
P. o. Box lO6
, 1962-07-09

FOR SALE E
Mahogany Bed complete
with lamp
l Dresser
5 pc Living Room Suite with
2 tables & lamp
Dining Set Mahogany Table
and 4 chairs
1G. E. refrigerator IS Gu #.
| G.E. Electric Range
/ Silvertone Washing machine
l New Kerosene Stove
Jose vazquez : F a4s 2 rings
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-22
WHERE
AND WHEN
Current Theater Attraction
and Time Of Showing

Stage
National Theater-Dark.
Carter Barron Amphitheater
Johnny Mathis, the Lime
liters, $3.50 pm.
Olney Theater - Arms and
the Man." $3.50 pm.
Shady Grove Music Fair -
"Brigadoon;;" $3.50 pm.
Washington Theater Club -
Period of Adjustment" $3.50
pm.
Ambassador -'Merrill's Ma
rauders;;" 1880, $3.50, $50, TAO
and 9:45 pm.
Apex - Tomorrow Is My
Turn" l. 8, SOS, 7::2O and GAO
pm. ..---
Capitol - "Reprieve;;" Has
am, LAS, 3:45. 5:45, 7:45 and
9:45 pm.
DupOnt-'La Notte;;" /, $40,
$50, 1885 and GAS pm.
Keith's - Road to Hong
Kong" 11:45 am, las, $3.50,
$50, 7:50 and 9:55 pm.
MacArthur-"Whistle Down
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-22
The Cast

les which have become pretty
much his life work.
He plays Grants intellec-
tual handyman. a refugee from
the economics faculty of Prince
ton who gives a fresh Tilt to
lines that are not fresh, and
manages a genuine zest in his
relationship to the psychiat-
rist who is his constant COM
panion in almost every play
and movie.
The other standard charac-
tiers are played by such as
Audrey Meadows, Alan Hewitt,
and Dick Sargent. They will
make it seem just like old
home week for addicts of pic
lures of Grant chasing girls
like Miss Day, the most chaste
ever.
FULL CIRCLE: A whole
half-generation, or some such
fraction. has grown up since
one of the traditional summer
entertainments of the area was
one called the Going Native
Revue"
These were always summer
features of the Capitol thea
ter's stage shows back in the
days of vaudeville, the last one
Of which was staged IL years
ago.
Well, that much explained,
the news today is that there
is going to be a renewal of
Going Native" this one as a
feature to be presented at Red
skins half-time performances
under the direction of Joel Mar
COILS, a one-time creator of the
old shows at the Capitol.
Gifted performers. specialist
or ensemble, are invited to
apply for addition rules at the
Redskins office, 729 Ninth
street.
MEMOS: Secretary of Com
merce Luther Hodges will be
the leading celebrity at the
25th anniversary opening of
North Cardinals famed SYM
phonic drama, 1.-THE Lost Col
ony.". The first of Paul
Green's epic spectacleS will
open at Manteo on July /. . d.
Gian-Carlo Menotti who super
vises the annual Spoletto fes-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-22

, the Wind" e:I5. 7:55 and s:5C
pm.
Metrop olitan - "Merrill's
Marauders;" HAS am, las
3:45, 5:45. 7:45 and 9:45 pm.
Ontario - World of Com
edy;;" LIS, $40, 5, 6:45, $3.50
and 1920 pm.
Palace - "13 West Street; "
1915, 2:10, 4:05, 6, 7:50 and
GAS pm.
Playhouse-"Advise and Con-
SENT" II, 2::30, 5, 7:30, 10 pm.
Plaza-"Five Sinners" HAS
am. lie, ESQ, ABS, $40 and
$50. Sneak preview, 8:05 pm
Town - That Touch of
Mink" 1915, 2:15. AIS. 6:l5,
8:15, 10:15 pm. and 1915 am.
Trans-Lux - advise and
Consent" 1880 am, 2, 4:3O,
z and $3.50 pm.
Upt0wn-"West Side Story"
$3.50 pm.
Warner-"El Cid" 2, Sis
and $3.50 pm.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-22

da's Baronet theater embark
ed upon an Alastair Sim COM
edy festival. Seven Of the
British stars films will be
shown. THE Sky Above, the
Mud Below" will be the Plaza
Theater's next attraction. start
ing June 90.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-22

tival in Italy each summer, has
a super special for 1862. =. This
is Roberto Rossellini's first
stage play, after years Of ex-
elusive commitment to the
movies. It's a comedy, Il
Carabinieri," by Sicilian play
wright, Benjamino Joppolo,
set to open June %. A Spo-
letto success would assure its
going on to Rome.
Starting yesterday, Bethes-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-22

quarry a VlrCuOuS, attractive
working girl in flight from a
rich playboy type whose object
is-not matrimony. Most of the
time. at least lately, this charm
ing rogue has been Rock Hud-
son. This time, Miss Day is
taking the postgraduate course
with Cary Grant (who else?)
as her instructor.
The choice of Grant, one
suppoSes, is to prove that no
matter how cunning or exper-
fenced her pursuer, Miss Day
is catchable only at the foot
of. an altar. THAT Touch of
Mink" does prove this, but not
a whit more convincingly than
it proves that every laugh in
this kind of chase picture has
become terribly familiar.
Director Delbert Mann, the
resourceful chap whose film
career started with Marty"
has tried to avoid the creation
of. this impression.
His success, however, is
limited more or less to the
pictures geography. Miss Days
flight course this time is be-
tween New York and Bermuda.
The latter is one of the few
, places to which Miss Day has
not previously been pursued.
Its selection gives the farce a
little flip; not much but a
little.
Grant, a tycoon wallowing
in millions, gets the idea that
Miss Day would be just the
companion for Bermuda when
his car splashes her with the
contents of a New York gutter
on a stormy day. Her conf
dence in the invincibility of her
virtue, built up in so many
other farces like this one, in
spires her to take him up.
The details of what follows
this titillating agreement are
too familiar for further repeti-
ton. Suffice it to say that
while they are falling into
place, one by one, Director
Mann tries to keep the picture
moving at a hypnotic pace and
to make the most dazzling use
Of the films lavish, potentially
sinful scenery. He is reason
ably successful in both, but
not in hiding from the specta-
tor that poor Doris could use
a rest.
1t is an interesting aside in
favor of THAT Touch of Mink"
that its most amusing char
acter Is neither Of the princi-
pals. The mechanical is evident
in both their performances.
Oddly, this is not so in the
case of Gig Young despite
the fact that he is playing
another of those funny psychot-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-22
THE PASSING SHOW
Now It's Cary Grant
Chasing Poor Doris
BY JAY CARMODY
Drama Critic Of The Star

Although it is predictably summers pop
ular cinema volities That Touch of Mink at the Town
theater raises question.
This relates to whether Doris Day really the most
overchased heroine in the history of what called sophisticated
comedy?
after another poor Doris is sheer