davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-15

sistant United States Attorney
Edmond T. DAILY said.
Mr.. Hoffa was arrested May
II after Samuel Baron, SO, a
field director for the ware
housemen's division Of the
union swore in a complaint
that Mr.. Hoffa had slugged
him. knocked him down twice
and showed him over a chair at
Transfers headquarters here.
Mr.. Hoffa has pleaded not
guilty to the charge, a mis-
demeanor.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-15
Guilty in SIuyinq

AKRON, Ohio, June is (AP)
Three common pleas judges
yesterday convicted Richard
John Stewart. 10, of first de-
gree murder in the strangling
of a Kent State University coed
in his home last september.
The judges did not recommend
mercy, so the verdict meant
death in Ohio Penitentiary's
electric chair.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-15
MOTORCYCLES
HARLEY-nAYInsoN lass Hmm

HARLEY DAvIDSON 1858. Hum
mer, good condition. S125. Call
Oh. 4-SS48.
JAVA 1856, good condition. S125.
Phone JE. 2-6286.
MOTORsCOOTER, Vespa "15O,"
1850. low MI, excel. cond., must
sell, S225 or best offer. OIL. A.
$500.
TRIUMPH $50 Twin. New electric
system, valves and rings. $500
or best offer. JU. 9-4204.
WANT TO BUY 2 or 3 used go
karts. Call IA. 5-I121 after 9
pm. only
1857 HID SPORTSER ------ $685.
1860 Jamaha Sports -- $3.50
1850 Yamaha Sports ---- $3.50
1859 BMW R-69 ---------SS $685.
1860 Super Rocket BSA $3.50
TRADES AND TERMS"
BLALOCK CYCLE CO. 933-1270
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-15
MACHINERY and EQUIP,

MACHINERY and EQUIP.
AIR COMPRESSOR, q h.p-, never
used. Also machinists chest with
tools. WO. 6-l35S.
BULLDOZER, 5-foot blade, oliver
OC4, excellent condition. 1h-ton
stake body truck. Colonial g.
52S7. Box 131. Riva, Md.
HUNTER WHEEL BALANCFR,
500. Wilco front end equipment
will train to operate, $3.50, steam
cleaner, $3.50. ia. 2-3ISS.
IHC INDUSTRIAL and cravier
tractors and equipment.
P. H. MOORE
U. .: 3Ol,. l Mile South of New so
Mitchellville, Md. CE. 6-SlSi
LOADER, Oliver O.C. 46. Abso-
lutely the best machine available
Tor close work around houses or
trees. Ideal for driveway work.
Only 1870 hrs. on this machine.
55ougnt py US new in late 1859.
ZIMMERMAN CORP, 9iG Bond
Mill I'd, Laurel. Md. 776-7S3S.
MICHIGAN 75-A motor, John Deere
440 loader hoe, Chicago pneu-
matte I25 air compressor with
air ar, t9olsS Call after 8 pm. at
sun SCOPE MOTOR TESTER -
Model SMT510. Like-new cond.
Very reasonably priced. Call Mr..
Morgan, FRIEND RENT-A-CAR,
Elk. $3.50.
1000 CASE LOADER, new eng, all
new ground wk. Trans. overhauled,
price, S1O,500. CIR. 3-5233.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-15

Treat Dod to q wonderful
selection of these fine sport
shirts. 6otiste prints, woven
'ploids, open weave piqUes,
printed broodcloths. Colors
galore. S,M,L,XL.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-15

in the Washington area in re-
cent years.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-15

AM TO BUY or 3 used go
karts. Call IA. 5-J12I after G
Evening star., 1962-01-30
War On TIE Waterfront

1t was inevitable that the proposal
to improve the Georgetown waterfront
through urban renewal would kick up
lively and vociferouS debate. The Ma
tional Capital Planning Commission has
acted wisely, however, in not permitting
this to deter the development of a plan
to show what urban renewal can do.
No one who takes the trouble to
wander up and down the narrow streets
between M street and the waterfront
can fail to notice the atmosphere of
obsoleScence. To be sure there are en-
claves of attractive row houses and reno
waited businesses. But these are islands in
an ugly sea of smoke, odor and noise.
While a handful of industries are flour
iShing, even majority of Georgetowners,
we venture to guess, would be shocked
by the idle and vacant warehouses and
factories. Yet it is obvious, particularly
In view of such natural assets as the
c. & o. Canal and the Potomac River,
that, once reclaimed, this could become
one of the fine residential, business and
recreational areas of the city.
Those who are hostile to urban re-
newal fear that it would take the good
with the bad and replace it with some
thing wholly out of consonance with the
rest of Georgetown. This, of course,
need not be so. All that is good could
and should remain. The most stringent
development controls could be imposed,
including, perhaps, the absolute control
OF architectural design by the Fine Arts
Commission. The opponents of renewal
propose that the canal should be i'm
proved and that waterfront park
should be created. Apart from that,
they say, rezoning would stimulate a
sufficient upgrading of the area. This
is an argument, however, that receives
little support from the past history of
zoning.
Whether all the problems of rec
lamation can be solved satisfactorily by
urban renewal, including an adequate
relocation of waterfront industries, is
uncertain. Quite obviously from their
past discussions, members of the Plan
ming Commission have some doubts.
But the potential advantages are sub
Stantial enough to find out, and it is
heartening that an increasing number
of prominent and Uniformed George
town residents are taking the position
that nothing can be lost by waiting to
see what an urban renewal plan will
provide.
Evening star., 1962-01-30
The Vacant House.

History Is filled with evidence that
one of mankind's most unconquerable
purposes is the pursuit of freedom. It is
determination that recognizes few
odds or obstacles against attainment,
few risks that are too great. And the
fact that whole nations may be held cap
tive for an indefinite time does not for
ever preclude their rising successfully
against their jailers.
In our time, the most dramatic of
wholesale impriSonments have been
those imposed by Communist arms-in
Hungary and East Germany, for
example. There is no hope at the mo-
ment that either of these countries is
within reach of escape, but it is indica-
tive of their own spirit of rebellion that
only tanks, guns, walls and barbed wire
hold them in check Even these are not
always enough, as story of recent days
proved.
1t was the story of a tunnel, started
in vacant house not far from the prison
side of East Germany's barbed-wire
frontier and opening a scant 80 feet
away on the side of escape. The digging
had taken fortnight of uncomfortably
careful effort. Twenty-eight East Ger
manS-men, women and children, rang
ing in age from 8 to II, and sharing the
flame Of freedom in their Souls"-made
it their escape route. The East German
police have closed it now, and repeatedly
will raze the house itself For them, it
is just as we'll perhaps that the house
should go-for though it may be empty
of residents it could never again be
vacant of meaning for those who look
through and past the barbed-wire bar
rierS to liberty.
Evening star., 1962-01-30
KremIin and Conoo

Inc hremlln, ever intent upon max
ing propaganda and stirring up con-
troversy, may have overreached itself
in calling for todays special United Ma
tions Security Council meeting on the
Congo. At any rate, the call has met
with generally hostile reaction in At
rica, including not least of all Premier
Adoula's central Congolese government.
According to the chief Soviet dele
gate, the meeting is necessary because
the U. N. has failed to use enough mill
tary force to GUST foreign "mercenaries"
from President Thsombe's Katanga
Province. Moscow's propagandists have
intimated moreover, that Mr. Adoula
and his colleagues are in some sort of
conspiracy with Western "colonialists"
and that o-Communist former Vice
, Premier Gizenga-now under protective
guard in Leopoldville-may be assassi-
mated at any moment. Clearly, this is a
line indicating that the Kremlin would
like to throw monkey wrench into the
progress being made toward reconciling
ex-seceSSionist Katanga and the central
government. Further, by indirection at
least, 1t casts aSpersions on the honor
and integrity of that governments
members.
. So Mr.. Adoula, who is scheduled to
visit the U. N. later this week, has un-
derStandably spoken out with consider
able Indignation against the Russians.
In Lagos, Nigeria, where he has been
attending the African summit" con-
ference, he has taken note of the fact
that Soviet diplomatic representatives
in Leopoldville did not consult him on
the matter, and he has gone on to say
that the Kremlin, in insisting upon the
special Council session, has resorted to
what looks "like a maneuver unfriendly
to our government" And in a special
message to Acting Secretary General U
Thant he has protested that debate at
the meeting "can only bring further
confusion and do harm to the interests
OF the CongoleSe people" at an otherwise
hopeful moment when he and Mr..
Tshombe are making real headway to-
ward reuniting the fledgling, crisis-rid-
den Congo Republic.
This sharp criticism of the Soviets
has received strong backing from the 20
countries at the Lagos summit" Fully
indorsing Mr.. Adoula's views, they have
voted unanimously for resolution voic-
ing misgivings over the Council meeting
and warning against any action, as
might be proposed by the Kremlin, "like-
ly to jeopardize the present good pros
poets for a solution of the Congo
problem" The warning should give pause
to the Russians. At very least, it sug-
gests that they have misread the feel
ings and uhderestimated the common
sense of large and important segment
of African leadership.
Evening star., 1962-01-30
Hemmed-in Students

On January IL an inter-
esting article on an educa-
tional experiment appeared
in your paper. This expert
ment, conducted by a Prince
Georges County principal,
dealt with pupil space re-
quirements. 1t found that
pupils were happiest when
each had approximately 20
square feet of space in the
classroom and that when
this area was diminished to
16.5 square feet per pupil,
they became definitely frus-
trated.
Since I am a teacher in
Montgomery County, I de-
cided to measure a few of our
own classrooms which seemed
to be overcrowded. I found
several instances where pu-
pills were allotted a scant 13
square feet and quite a few
instances where the space al
lotment was at the frustra-
ton level or only slightly
above. Besides this minimal
floor space, some of these
rooms have slant ceilings
which add to the hemmed-
in and frustrated feeling.
While categorical conclu-
sions cannot be drawn from
these experiments and COM
parisons, we can state that
even after allowing for
a margin of error, there are
clasSrooms in Montgomery
County where teachers are
expected to perform under
very adverse conditions. The
most that we can expect from
these crowded conditions is
frustrated pupils, disciplinary
problems and definitely frus-
trated teachers.
George @. Lee.
Evening star., 1962-01-30
Invaluable for Peace

The United Nations was
conceived in the idea that,
after the Second World War
and it's terrible cost in life
and treasure. it would be
possible to create a really
workable international or
ganization for peace with
justice. The U. N. charter
was written in San Fran
cisco in 1945 and great hopes
were expressed for its future.
1t was only a matter Of
months, however, until the re-
calcitrance of the Russian
Communist government came
into full view. 1t has pro-
gressed with each year. New
ertheless, the U. N. has proved
its value again and again
on the side of peace-fre-
quently on the side of the
free world.
The U. N. has fought one
war-the war to preserve the
Republic of Korea. The
United States provided near
ly all the armed forces and
the money to fight that war.
We took the lead. Because
of our position then in the
Far East, only we could take
the lead. We could have won
a decisive victory had the
conflict been carried to the
sources of the Communist
supplies. In the end, however,
the Republic of Korea was
preserved and has not fallen
to the Communists to date.
In that war the Red Chinese
provided men and the Rus
slams provided weapons for
the Communists of North
Korea.
The United States has
tried to make the U. N. a
real agency of peace. The
Communist bloc has tried to
use it only for propaganda,
and to stall off peaceful set
Elements in international dis
putes. This, however, is no
good reason for junking the
United Nations. 1t may be
necessary to revise the char
ter of the U. N, and wise
to do so. But unless the
world is prepared and intedns
to go to a hot war, the
United Nations is worth saw
ing.
Evening star., 1962-01-30
Suffering Cubons

There is widely held notion in this
country that the Cuban people, though
suffering under Fidel Castro, are at least
better off than they were under the
Batista dictatorship. This belief, how
ever, is contradicted by mounting evil
dence.
The work of the firing squads and
the mass jailings under Castro are mat
tiers Of common knowledge Now the
CubanS are being warned by their polit-
ical leaders to prepare for rationing of
the necessities of life. Even more reveal
ing is the testimony of one Ruben
Reynoso, former Argentine diplomat.
At one time Mr.. Reynoso was an
ardent Castro admirer-So much so that
he resigned his diplomatic post to assist
the Castro regime in Havana. But these
days, according to an Associated Press
dispatch from Mexico City, Mr.. Reynoso
is disillusioned man.
Cuba's laborers, he says, have been
virtually enslaved, and the same goes
for farm workers. Even so, he estimates
unemployment at about IS per cent And
all of this against background of hun
ger, terror, and dictatorship far more
rigid than any Cuban had ever known
before not to mention a shattered
economy, declining agricultural produc-
tion and rising military costs.
SaddeSt of all, according to Mr..
Reynoso is the probability that the Gu
ban people can do nothing to rescue
themselves They are too securely in the
grip of Castros Communist dictatorship
"a remorSelesS tyranny which makes
the Batista regime seem almost benevo-
lent in comparison.
Evening star., 1962-01-30
Corrects Critic

In Mr.. Getlein's review of
the printmakers' show he
leaves the unfortunate i'm
preston that the local art
societies exhibitions at the
Smithsonian this season have
been limited to members only.
This is not correct. The So
ciety of Washington Artists
annual exhibition, of which
the 68th was held in Octo-
ber at the Smithsonian, has
always been open to all art
lists within a 25-mile radius
of Washington whether they
are members or not.
In order to keep this show
as representative as possible
of the best work in the Wash
ington area, and to assure an
impartial selection, uncolored
by familiarity with the local
artists, we invite jurors from
outside the Washington area.
This season a most distin-
guiShed juror, Katharine Kuh,
art critic of the Saturday Re-
vic ~ of Literature and for
merly curator of modern
painting and sculpture at
the Chicago Art Institute, Sc
lected "a paintings and sculp-
lures from almost 600 entries.
Of these "a only 80 were by
members of tie Society of
Washington Artists.
Kathleen BruSkin,
President, Society of
Washington Artists
Evening star., 1962-01-30
Foreiqn Trade

In his TRADE Battle" let
ter, o. R. Strackbein express
ses fear of exposure" of the
American economy to more
foreign competition. He fears
"the collapse and demise Of
the American system" be-
cause of high wages in this
country. But he neglects the
implications of the term he
twice applies to it: "The
high-wage, 1nasS-production
system" Because of mass
production in this country
high wages result in low la
Dor costs.
Lower wages abroad do not
necessarily put American
firms at a competitive disad-
vantage. The higher wages
paid by the latter are paid
for more productive labor.
Labor gets higher wages here
because labor earns higher
wages, and employers get
more for their money than
foreign employers.
Do not confuse wage rates
and labor costs. Wage rates
are dollars per unit Of time
worked, while labor costs are
dollars per unit Of the pro-
duct of labor. Higher wages
for even higher productivity
means lower labor costs.
Sometimes, too, while wage
rates and labor costs are both
lower abroad than in the
U. S., higher foreign nonwage
costs often offset the wage
cost differentials. A Nation
al In dustrial Conference
Board study, costs and Com
petition, 1861" found that
frequently "U. S. manufact-
urers were able to offset their
labor disadvantage, relative
to other countries, by means
of savings in other cost sec
tors" Costs of materials and,
significantly, selling costs
we're higher in foreign coun-
tries.
Sidney KOretZ
Evening star., 1962-01-30
Fair Representation

The introduction of hills In Rich
mond the other day to reapportion the
Virginia Legislature UNDERSTANDABLE
evoked little enthusiasm from rural
members. It is heartening, however, that
advocates of the bills have by no means
abandoned hope for a revision during
the current session along the lines pro-
posed by commission appointed by
former Governor Almond.
These hopes rest on two factors. The
first is the fact that the commission,
which itself was broadly representative
Of interests throughout the State, took
great pains not to ride roughshod over
rural areas. Rather, it dealt primarily
with the most extreme inequities in
representation. Many localities are left
unchanged. At the same time, urban
regions such as Northern Virginia would
make significant gains If the commits
sion plan were adopted as a package,
about 48 per cent of the State population
would be required to elect majority of
the Senate, and about "A per cent to
elect majority of House members.
While below the statistical ideal, such a
ratio would place Virginians fairly high
on the list of fair representation in State
legislatures of the Nation
In order for this to be accomplished,
however, advocates of the bills believe
they will need the vigorous personal sup
port of Governor Harrison. Before leav-
ing office, Governor Almond indorsed
the commission findings, and urged
their adoption. Thus far Mr. Harrison
unfortunately has remained silent on
the matter. Some urban legislators, Dele
gate Kathryn Stone of Arlington among
them, repeatedly feel the reapportion-
ment drive might fare better at special
session of the General Assembly later ip
Evening star., 1962-01-30
Financing u. N.

My guess is that the pro-
posal that the United States
buy $1O0 million of U. N.
"bonds" is simply the OPEN
ing move to shoulder the en-
tire cost of this monstrosity
onto American taxpayers.
Once Uncle Sam has put
down his $100 million in the
old shell game, other nations
will at once hold back, say
ing that the money we have
put up will keep the U. N.
going so they will wait until
that is gone. The $100 mil
lion will soon be exhausted
and then Congress will be
asked to authorize the pur-
chase of more bonds" since
we are already involved and
must buy more to protect our
investment" Finally it will
get to the point where the
U. N. will assert that the
United States might as well
open the Treasury to it, since
other nations won't pay any,
thing and it's impossible for
them to pay any interest on
bonds" already issued. So
the argument will go-why
go through with the formal
ity of having to ask Congress
every time they need money?
One of the most absurd
arguments in favor of this
new shake-down of poor old
threadbare Uncle Sam is
that it will, somehow, force
delinquent members to pay
the money they presently
owe to the U. N. Since the
United States has put UP
over SIG billion for this out
fit since its inception and is
fully paid up, while 50 out of
104 other nations either re-
fuse to pay or simply don't
do it, they aren't going to
pay up because this over
taxed country puts up more
money. Quite the contrary,
the more we put into this rat
hole, the more they are going
to let us. Arthur w. Dew.
Evening star., 1962-01-30
Debates Book Ban

1t is with extreme regret
that 1 have noted develop
ments in Fairfax County in
regard to "Tropic of Cancer.
Now it is official-at least
temporarily-that censorship
shall be practiced by coercion
and threat.
Yet perhaps this is better
than the situation which has
prevailed at least commonly
for the past few months
within the county. Since
"Tropic" became banned in
Montgomery County, al
though not officially forbid
den in Fairfax. there has ex-
listed in many places a most
insidiouS albeit tacit kind of
censorship. Although not
banned, the book was yet not
carried by various merchants
out of fear of possible, though
at no time even limited, ac-
ton. There was a subtle
censorship of fear. And
Brentano's, subject of the
present controversy, is to be
complimented in resisting
this trend.
In addition, however, while
the county library system
carried copies of "Tropic,"
one applied to borrow a copy
only at the risk of scorn and
criticism (this the more
ironic because of the long
waiting lists.
Now at least we know
where we stand. One may not
like Robert C. Fitzgerald's ac-
ton but at least it will end
the situation of even more
corrosive censorship tn a n
what he has introduced: the
censorship by the individual
bookseller or libraria n
through fear or intimidation.
This, however, is not to
condone Mr.. Fitzgerald's &C
ton. Mr.. Fitzgerald's notice
that bookstores would be pro-
secuted for carrying "Tropic"
because he considers it OBJ
scene is an example of ar
bitrary banning in which one
individual imposes his stand
ards on an entire commun-
ity. Censorship by one indi-
vidual, regardless of how re-
sponsible he may be, is al
ways to be deplored.
The Commonwealth Attor-
ney however is to be highly
commended for his willing
ness to take steps to see that
the issue comes before the
proper judicial authorities.
He deserves our appreciation
for his agreement to Bren-
tano's request for a circuit
court test of the books al
legged obscenity.
One may only hope now
that the court in approach
ing the current vilifying at
tacks on this classic will be
guided by the premise that
the best possible censorship
is that of the individual
reader, not that of society.
Rudolph w. Nemser.
Minister, Fairfax
Unitarian Church.
Evening star., 1962-01-30
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Black Snow Phenomenon Explained
By THOMAS r. HENRY

brightness of these clouds
constantly increased until
stars of the second and third
magnitude could not be seen
in these sectors of the sky.
The clouds glowed with a
delicate, faint green light.
The predominant color of
auroras in temperate lati-
tudeS is red, resembling the
reflection of a distant fire.
Although these phospho-
resent clouds did not ap-
preciably change their posi-
tion in the sky, they appeared
to be moving, even alive.
The clouds extended higher
and higher and finally
reached the zenith. It seemed
as if about a dozen search
lights were moving through
the sky. From time to time
the column of light was
seemingly cut by something
similar to a colossal scissors,
but after a fraction Of a
second it fused again into a
single glowing column. The
entire sky was encircled by q
gigantic glowing corona.
Waves of Color
Running through this CO.
roma were flickering colored
waves, from a delicate
greenish-yellow to purple
lilac. The sector of black sky
in the south with the blue
Sirius, reddish Betelgeuse and
Orion'S Belt, emphasized the
bewitching beauty Of the
picture. AS night went on the
colors became calm and in
CerVenlng stretches Of black
night sky with their bright
stars became wider and wider
until the corona finally dis
appeared"
Another aurora is thus re-
ported: The sky unex-
pectedly grew red as If from
an immense conflagration.
In two to three minutes the
aurora intensified. It colored
a considerable part of the sky
in a full, dark, deep and
extremely rich crimSon-claret
Luminous bright rose-colored
pillars flared up and died
away against this back
ground.
"All this illumination re-
sembled hundreds of verti-
cally standing spindle-shaped
Searchlight beams, growing
narrow at both top and bot
tom. At this time the lower
part of the sky, in a narrow
band above the horizon, was
without color. The center of
the aurora was situated a
little below the pole star. The
rose-colored rays first rose in
the northeast and then
shifted to the northwest. The
combination of t he rich,
dark, crimson-claret back
ground and the bright rays
continued for about 20 min
utes. Then the bright rays
disappeared and the dark red
background became gradually
less intense"