davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-08-04
WSTAS IN SCIENCE
Early Isolation Cause Warped Life
By THOMAS r. HENRY

DR.. Melzack now is pre-
pairing to place permanent
electrodes into the brains of
the animals and monitor
telemetered signals to find
out more about the cause of
the abnormal behavior. Many
theoretical questions about
the development Of behavior,
learning and pattern recogni-
ton will be examined by
these and other psychological
tests.
The result, Air Force
scientists believe, may have
considerable application to
human problems arising from
an environment of restric-
ton as on a prolonged space
flight.
The Milky Way galaxy, the
local aggregation of about
100 million stars, one of the
more insignificant of which
is the sun. now rapidly is
yielding the secret Of its
structure to radio astronomy.
This is revealed in a re-
port by DR.. Adward M. Pur-
cell, Harvard astronomer, in
a report prepared for a Con-
gressional Committee on ap-
preparations for support Of
science.
IF you look out on the
Milky Way at night" says
DR.. Purcell, you are look
ing edge-on into a pancake
of stars. This pancake is very
big. Think of the whole disk
as being very thin and flat.
A phonograph record would
be a good model If I took
that record and shrunk it to
the size of the earth's
diameter, making our disk of
stars about 5000 miles across,
you would have to use a
high-powered microscope to
find the earth in that disk.
Dust Blocks Vision
"We cannot see the whole
thing from here because, al
though light travels through
space without any trouble,
there is enough dust in the
pancake that it is pretty
opaque and you cannot see
the other edge with your eye.
If you could, the Milky Way
would be a more spectacular
sight, an extremely bright
band across the sky. Until
quite recently astronomers
had to deduce about every
thing they knew about the
whole pancake by just look
ing at the little piece Of it
nearby"
Evening star., 1962-08-04
Dim View of Home Rule

1t is difficult to understand
why there should be such a
persistent endeavor to secure
so-called self-government for
the District of Columbia.
The Constitution provides
that Congress shall exercise
exclusive" Jurisdiction over
the District of Columbia, as
the seat of the Federal Gov
ernment. Congress does not
have the power to delegate
this authority and it would
be highly undesirable for it to
do so. With all of the conten-
tion and strife already exist
ent with respect to crime
control, coming, redevelop-
ment, ETC.. when Congress has
still to be satisfied, imagine
what it would be if all of these
things were thrown into the
hands of "ward-heeler" poll
ticians representing many
divergent groups and views.
Pandemonium would result.
F. G. Campbell.
Evening star., 1962-08-04
LET'S Look at the Record

Among its devoted readers, the Con-
greSSional Record is more of morning
must" than breakfast for champions.
There are obvious reasons why this
is so. The members of Congress, for
example, not only like to read what
they have said (or inserted) but often
find 1t useful to learn what their col
leagues have said. Business and profess
Sional subscribers, including journalists,
often find 1t to be the only means of
learning what went on during the great
and small exchanges between the Ma
tion'S lawmakers. There are some, no
doubt, who read it for sheer entertain
ment, and others who are excited pleas
urably at finding their original compost
tions-aS submitted to their Senators
or Representatives appearing in full in
the catch-all appendix
On the part of all Of these who stop
to think, aSSuredly there must be admi-
ration for the Government Printing Of
flee and its highly competent job of
beating headlines of type-Setting, proof
reading, printing and delivering pub
lication in which accuracy is essential.
With all this, it would be difficult
to argue that the Record is sprightly in
appearance, or to dispute that it is some
times like searching through haystack
without daily index-to find the sub
ject matter of current interest. And
since making studies has become one
of the high fashions of both public and
private life in these days, it could be
worth $4,000 (the estimated cost to
make a study of the Record with
view to improving the formal, index,
Typography, organization and other as
poets" of this daily chronicle.
Even so, let us reserve the privilege,
also, of revising and extending our re-
marks" to warn against change only
for the sake of change, and to draw
the line against "cheesecake."
Evening star., 1962-08-04
Salute to q Neiqhbor

The United States has good reason
to extend sincere congratulations and
assurance of friendly assistance as an
other nation achieves independence
This one is Jamaica, birthday Monday
Largest Of the British West Indies
group, Jamaica has been progressing
during most of the post World War II
period toward a level of impressive
political maturity. Over much of this
period, the strongest leadership has been
contributed by Sir william Alexander
BuStamente, of Irish and Jamaican In
dian parentage. At 78, Sir william has
been serving as Premier Of the British
Colony and he will continue in this Of
flee under the new status of national
independence.
There are no uncertainties about
the near-term plans of Sir william and
his right-wing Labor Party associates
in government. He has announced al
ready that he intends to ask formally
for jamaican membership in the Brit
iSh Commonwealth, the United Nations,
the Organization of American States
and the International Monetary Fund
DiSdainfully outSpoken in his contempt
for communism, either Soviet or Cuban
brand, he has acknowledged the pos
Sibility that Jamaica'S application to
the U. N might be vetoed by the Soviet
Union. II don't care what they do" he
has been quoted. 1--WE are pro-American.
II by being pro-American, we are vetoed,
that is still our decision. And we are
anti-CommuniSt because we are. If the
United States were proc Communist, we
would still be Communist"
Along with being a tough-talker,
Sir William, and his associates, are
realiStS. Under current agreement,
the United States retains its rent-free
World War II bases on the island. 1t
is also the principal purchaser of ia
maica'S chief exports sugar
and bananas. With Communist
Cuba only 80 miles away, the BuSta-
mente government has indicated it
would like an even broader and tighter
security relationship with the United
States. In the economic field, it would
like increased technical and investment
help. Both forms of American aid, some
from private sources and some through
SONOAlAAAACAAI O11d1I1lC1O, 1ldNC DCCIl CA
tended in recent years and the prospects
seem good for their expansion.
Although Jamaica has an unem-
ployment rate of about 18 per cent, an
industrial development program has
kept the economic growth ahead of the
population growth. In 1850, gross domes-
tic product was estimated at $196.2
million, but in 1860 it had risen to $644
million. Per capita income is low, but
has been moving steadily upward. The
standard Of living is considered the
highest in the West Indies island group,
factor in the Jamaican vote last fall
to go it alone rather than dilute its
resources by trying to strengthen the
loosely organized West Indian Fedora
tion Against this background, Sir Will
liam and his people deserve best wishes
and reasonable help in pursuing their
aspirations.
Evening star., 1962-08-04

Recent analysis of Kills
Research Airplane data at
the NASA Flight Research
Center, Edwards, Calf, is
related to your July 29
editorial, Toward Dyna-
Soar" The analysis shows
that both Joseph A. Walker
and Mai. Robert M. White
are the fastest" pilot of the
Kills to date. Both have flown
faster than 1000 miles per
hour.
This seeming inconsistency
is due to an engineers PEN
chant for figuring everything
sixteen ways from Sunday"
Speed of high-speed flight
vehicles is usually computed
in both feet per second and
Mach number. Feet per Sec
ond" is an absolute guam
tity; Mach number" is a
relative" quantity, since it
refers to Speed-or velocity
relative to the speed of
sound in the air which the
vehicle flies through.
Mach number is a direct
function of atmospheric tenn
perature at the altitude at
which the vehicle is flying.
This temperature varies from
day-to-day for the same alti-
tude. Because of this, it is
possible that the same num-
Der of feet per second at the
same altitude can be more
or less than a given Mach
number.
This has happened during
the Kills flight program.
Last November 9, Maj.
White flew the Kills to a
speed of 6,0o5 feet per sec
ond which was equivalent to
a Mach number of M-6.04
on that day. On June 27,
1862, Mr.. Walker flew 5000
feet per second, but this was
equivalent to a Mach number
Of M-5.94 on that day. Mai.
Whites highest speed oc-
CURED at $500 feet, Mr..
Walkers at 100000 feet. Be-
cause of differences in at
moSpheric temperatures at
almost the same altitude on
the two days, Maj. White
attained a higher Mach num-
Der but lower velocity in feet
per second than Mr.. Walker:
Maj. White, M-6.O4 6.005 fps.
Mr. walker, Ms. "a 5000 fps.
James A. Martin,
Kills Program Manager,
National Aeronautics and
Space Administration Hu.
Editors Note: Our edi-
toridl, "TotDard Dynd-S Soar"
1Das not meant to suggest
that Maj. White had tlo1pn
faster than Mr.. Walker. Our
wording may hdue been
ambiguous. but iphdt tUe had
in mind tDas that the major
had tlotOn higher than any
OF his X-15 colleagues to
ddte.)
Evening star., 1962-08-04
BucoIic Backbone

The articles in The Star on
Rock Greek Park should help
stir public opinion to the i'm
portance Of preserving and
maintaining this unique park
in the heart Of our city. One
is seldom out of sight of
green grass and trees in the
Nations Capital. Squares
and parks in the city's down.
town area are little islands Of
green and comfort in what
otherwise would be a desert
of asphalt and concrete. Con-
trast the downtown section
of Washington with almost
any area Of Manhattan
island in the City Of New
York, where a person may
walk for two or three miles
and not even see a blade of
grass.
Destroy Rock Creek Park
and Washington as a city of
trees, lawns and flowers is
gone forever. Rock Greek is
the backbone of the city's
bucolic character. Here is
what John Burroughs, one of
Americas greatest natural
lists, said of Rock Greek
around 1865-1870:
Outside of the city limits,
the great point Of interest to
the rambler and lover Of ma
ture is the Rock Creek region.
Rock Greek is a large,
rough, rapid stream, which
has its source in the interior
Of Maryland, and flows into
the Potomac between Wash
ington and Georgetown. Rock
Greek has an abundance of
all the elements that make
up not only pleasing. but
wild and rugged scenery.
There is perhaps not another
city in the Union that has on
its very threshold so much
natural beauty and grandeur,
such as men seek for in re-
mote forests and mountains.
A few touches of art would
convert this whole region, ex-
tending from Georgetown to
what is known as Crystal
Spring, not more than two
miles from the present State
Department, into a park un-
equalled by anything in the
world"
Evening star., 1962-08-04

AOAOAA6CO AoO4dI1Oll carly III
life has weird effects on So
cial animals.
This is shown in a report
OF experiments by DR.. Ronald
Melzack of Massachusetts In
stitute of Technology, work.
ing under a United States
Air Force grant. The results
have just been reported
through the Air Force.
Three litters of beagles
were divided at three weeks
of age into a group Of eight
shut up in individual boxes
and q group of six which
were given a normal, happy
puppyhood on a farm. He
now is observing differences
in the behavior of these
groups. Early results show
that the puppies shut away
for six months are strange
animals indeed
Their department is in
fantile, erratic, excited, with
an unusual disregard for
pain. They will thrash about
excitedly. banging their heads
into objects, going into
"whirling fits" on the slight
est provocation, and even
poke their noses into a flame,
but without any sign Of
learning from experience or
being disturbed by it. They
ignore other dogs and are un-
responsive to human petting.
Further Differences
When these animals are
compared with their farm
raised litter mates in a
psychological apparatus de-
signed to test learning and
discrimination further dif-
ferences become apparent.
The restricted dogs take
longer to discriminate be-
tween a black and white card
and still longer to catch on
when the significance of the
cards is reversed.
Tests of pattern recogni-
ton have not been COM
pleted to date, according to
the Air Force report, be-
cause one of the farm dogs
suddenly underwent a pro-
found change in personality.
In all respects he began to
act like the restricted dogs
and even developed super
stitionS," such as always
turning around two times be-
fore responding to a stimulus.
The switch from the happy
puppyhood on the farm to q
college laboratory apparently
was too much for him.
Evening star., 1962-08-04
Power-Mower PeriIs

Thank you for your pic
torial layout in the Sunday
Star on the hazards Of using
rotary lawn mowers.
Several years ago I de-
veloped a sudden interest in
this subject. We came back
from vacation to find a leak
had developed in our creek
dam. I put on my heavy rub
ber boots to repair it and,
that done, took out my rotary
mower to cut the high grass.
I started the mower on a
slope. It was a particularly
safe, sturdy mower but my
right foot happened to be in
a slight depression and before
I realized what was happen
ing the mower had drifted
down and chewed a big hole
in the toe of my heavy rub
ber boot. I pulled off the boot
and was dismayed to see my
big toe and its neighbor in
bloody shreds. I limped to
the house and my wife called
the doctor. He had been an
Army doctor and is some
what given to violent Ian
guage on occasion. He ex-
claimed, Another of those
fools! OK. Rush
him to the Arlington Hos
pital Emergency room and
I'll phone a surgeon to be
ready to sew him up."
After losing the ends of my
toes I did some research. I
found that these modern sub
urban essentials ranked after
automobiles among the most
dangerous of American toys.
Some scattered local statistics
indicated an appalling total
loss of toes, fingers, and time.
A relatively small hospital
like Arlington averaged dur
ing the summer a case a
week. I called there one day
and was told four men with
severed fingers and toes
shared one room. I found the
la wn m o wer manufacturers
we're organized in the Lawn
mower Institute Of Washing
ton which has devoted much
effort to giving publicity to
methods of safe operation
and also to the development
of safer design. One large
distributor and manufacturer
had not Joined and my let
ter to the president of this
company began. Are you in
terested in fingers and toes?
I mean bloody fingers and
toes?" Now I am using one
Of their mowers. Bold print
Evening star., 1962-08-04
Woshinqton's IMAGE

The Attorney General
speaks of the crime situa-
ton in Washington, and
"the effect on the Nation of
the Capital City's reputa-
ton"
With all due respect to
Robert Kennedy. I do not
believe he and others realize
what the effect of the rising
crime rate here has and has
had on other sections of the
country.
The e fleet is far from
good. and it is hurting
Washington very much, and
hurting the Democratic Par
ty, as well.
I am a Democrat, and
have many good Democratic
friends all over the United
States. I can say that they
all. as far away as Idaho
and California, are astound-
ed that the crime situation
land they know that it is
largely Negro), is not dealt
with. forthrightly, once and
for all. They feel that hous-
ing. ETC.. is not the answer.
A friend in Boise, says, Even
if the administration feels
that 'soft-pedaling' the sit
uation will result in Negro
votes, this fall, they are real
ly fooling themselves, as far
as this State is concerned"
Voters and workers are
disgusted. They say that If
the Democratic Party can
not even clean up its own
doorstepS, in Washington,
then they have been miStak-
en- in their faith, and will
act accordingly at the polls.
South Dakota friends feel
that there is great judicial
laxity here - that criminals
are favored, that the Police
Department and decent citi-
zens. instead of being helped,
have roadblocks thrown in
their way at every turn.
Washington, instead of be-
ing regarded with affection
and pride, is now bel n g
viewed with apprehension as
a city not to be lived in. and
steadily growing worse.
This from good Democrats
and workers who have rev.
cred their party. for years. AS
one said, II feel as though
we all were rolling downhill
in an auto without brakes,
and without the driver S
hands on the wheel"
Evening star., 1962-08-04

Meonys Views
Apparently, we still have
far too many citizens who
simply cannot-or will not
use the old grey matter, and
who remain oblivious to the
risks of transmitting this
disease to their fellows.
A good case in point is the
testimony by AFL-CIO Presi-
dent George Meany to the
Senate Finance Committee.
According to The Star,
Mr.. Meany warned that or
ganized labor will withdraw
support from the admins
tration's tariff-cutting bill if
Congress rejects proposals
for special aid to workers and
companies hurt by competi-
tive imports. I quote from
your article: "Since Govern
ment action to reduce tar
ifs would hasten the de-
cline Of certain industries,
Mr.. Meany said, it is the
Governments responsibility
to help with adaptation to
the changing circumstances"
Yet-subsequently in the
same testimony, against the
protectionist viewpoint t
(again I quote):: "Mr. Meany
said high United States
wages are a 'bogey man."
Rising American pro-
ductivity more than offsets
high wages, he said, main
tanning that the United
States is more competitive
now, in terms Of unit labor
costs, than in 1858. We
can compete with anyone,
because we have the skill and
know-how to do it, he said"
If we :can compete with
anyone" then how and why
will Government action to
reduce tariffs hasten the
decline" of any industry?
And why is Government aid
to the damaged industries so
essential that if it is not OBJ
tanned, Mr.. Meany will not
support any part Of the pro-
gram?
Have you given any
thought to the comparable
military-power position, with
regard to the Soviet Union,
the United States will sink
into, if one of the damaged
beyond repair" industries
just happens to be basic
steel?
Gilbert J. BrOckman
Evening star., 1962-08-04
THE POLITICAL MILL
BY GOULD LINCOLN
Rockefeller Discusses federalism


vote its resources and atten-
ton to defense, foreign aid
and international relations.
In the decade 1850 to 1860,
he points out, national ex-
penditures moved from $40.3
billion to $77.2 billion, but
practically all of this in
crease went to defense. 9th
er national expenditures in
creased only "a per cent
from $27.l billion to $685.
billion. In the same period,
total State expenditures
jumped from $l3.2 billion to
$32.5' billion, an increase of
146 per cent. At the local
level, in cities of over $4,000
population, the outlay rose
from $40 billion to $12.3 bill
lion, a $50 per cent increase.
Urges Citizen Activity
The Rockefeller book is
not a campaign document.
In it. however, he has set out
many of his ideas of govern
ment. of the need for po-
litical activity by citizens, of
his disbelief in slogans such
as liberal" and "conserva-
tive" which he conten ds
have no real meaning today.
Briefly, he refers to his
own experiences as an execu-
tive officer under three Pres
identS, and his determina-
ton finally to seek elective
rather than appointive office
for public service. The re-
forms and improvements in
State government and serv-
ices which have been made
in New York during his ad-
ministration are given as ex-
amples of how the federal
system really works.
After declaring his belief
that the federal form of gov
ernment in the United States
has been a dramatic sue
cess" fulfilling all the hopes
OF the Founding Fathers,
Gov. Rockefeller explored the
possibilities of federalism"
for the free world indeed,
for all the world. He visual
lied 1t as an essential for the
nations not under the DOM
nance of the Communist
bloc. He voiced his opinion
that the United Nations has
great value although. as it
is now constituted. it has
not the power required to
preserve peace. He declared
the United States should be-
come a leader in a world
federal movement.
Just as the American fed
eral system invited the larg-
er and stronger States to
take the lead in showing the
Nation new political paths"
he wrote, so should this Ma
ton as a whole. along with
the more powerful free ma
tions, assume a similar role
of leadership in the world at
large"
The Governor frankly said
that in this year Of 1862 the
idea of a free, federalized
world may seem visionary"
But he added: I'm the year
1877. similar doubts and
fears surged up. And they,
too, turned on such words as
sovereignty, centraliSm, re-
striction." Madison and 9TH
er Federalists replied to these
cries of scorn so many years
ago: There is no other way
to bring order and to assure
freedom on this continent"
Mr.. Rockefeller believes that
the vitality Of the federal
idea is such that precisely
the same statement is equal
ly true today Of the world
of free peoples"
Evening star., 1962-08-04
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used il
letters carry lDriterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
terS are subject to condenSd-
ton. Those not used tDill be
returned only tDhen accom-
panied BY self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1962-08-04

of New York, in a book
THE Future of Federalism"
based on the Godkin Lee
lures he delivered at Har-
ward and published by the
Harvard University Press
reviews and brings up to date
the operation of federalism"
in this country. And going
beyond that, he visualizes
federalism as the hope of a
free world and the peoples
of that world. Further, the
Governor, who has been at
tackled in some quarters as
a liberal" on the radical
side, reveals himself as a
stanch adherent of States
rights, an opponent of a
dominant centralized gov
ernment in Washington and
a firm believer in a free
economy based on private
capitalism. Indeed, his fun
damental beliefs are those of
Jefferson, Madison and
Hamilton, the great advo-
Gates of the federal system
of government written into
the Constitution of the Unit
ed States. His beliefs are
theirs brought up to date.
To many people the word
federal" has come to mean
only tremendous power To-
Gated in the hands of a
bureaucratic government in
Washington, headed by a
President who is virtually a
dictator. Gov. Rockefeller
states the real meaning of
the federal idea. II refer" he
wrote, Ito the federal idea
broadly as a concept of gov
ernment by which a sover-
eign people. for their greater
progress and protection, yield
a portion of their sovereign
ty to a political system that
has more than one center of
sovereign power, energy and
creativity. No one of these
powers has the power to de-
Stroy another. Under the
Constitution, there are two
principal centerS of govern
ment power State and Fed
eral. AS a practical matter,
local government, by delega-
ton Of State authority un-
der the principle of home
rule, is a third such key CEN
ter of power" He makes it
clear that each must act
with responsibility, and in
cooperation, though still re-
tanning their individual re-
sponsibility to the people.
State Governments Expand
Gov. Rockefeller recognizes
IAN obvious challenge" to
the balance within the
American federal system by
the most dynamic forces in
our society social and eco
nomic needs, chronological
evolution. national peril and
governmental complexity," all
conspiring to compel a pitt
less growth in the centraliza-
ton of political authority,
whether we wish it or not"
But he denies that it is in
evitable, or that it has oc-
Cured.
He admits that, as the de-
mands of society have in
creased. the national govern
ment has become larger and
more deeply involved in State
and local affairs. He adds:
But the striking fact in our
domestic political experience
since World War II has not
been the growth of Federal
government, but the far
more rapid expansion of
State and local governments,
to meet wing social
needs"
The national government