davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-04-13
SteeI's Soft Answer

Roger M. Blough'S reply to the
President was couched in language that
was both moderate and restrained
exercise in contrast which presumably
was not wholly unplanned. His soft
answer, however, was neither convinc-
ing nor does it seem to have turned
away wrath.
Mr.. BlOugh'S comment was essen
TALLY a reiteration and amplification
of the statement issued by United States
Steel when it announced its price in
crease Tuesday evening. The substance
of both is that higher profits are
required to provide the plant moderni-
cation and other things needed to
maintain the company in strong
competitive poSition-a view which is
hotly disputed by those who contend
that higher prices will reduce sales
and thereby injure steel in relation
to its competitors.
This is an argument which can
best be left to the experts, for the
layman is hardly competent to pass
Judgment on it. No such Difference is
called for, however, with respect to the
timing of the price increase and the
manner of its announcement. Mr..
Blough denies there was any colluSion
among the steel companies in the price
increase, and he insists there was no
political motivation as far as he was
concerned. Assuming both of these
statements to be correct, the fact re-
mains that the manner in which the
price increase was announced was
bound to be embarrassing to the PreSi-
dent, and it is difficult to believe that
this much, at least, was not foreSeen.
OF more Importance, the steel chair
mans statement was less than con-
vincing on the score of timing. Was
the increase really necessary at this
time? Was adequate consideration
given to the harmful impact which
price hike now could be expected to
have on the Presidents efforts to hold
the line against initiation? We are not
persuaded by anything which appears
in Mr.. BloughS statement.
This matter, however, is moving
out of the realm of public debate and
into the area of possible criminal
prosecution. And in this latter connec-
ton a word of caution is indicated.
The Federal Government, through such
agencies as the grand jury, the FBI,
the Department of Justice, the Federal
Trade Commission and the Treasury,
is in position to WELD enormous power.
ut can even rout reporters out of bed
at O'Clock in the morning) This
power should be exercised only to inves-
tigate a suspected criminal offense and
to prosecute the offender if evidence
of crime is developed 1t should never
be used as an instrument of retaliation
by an outraged President or an angered
Attorney General.
Evening star., 1962-04-13
Space and Secrecy

Our Government has done a sound
thing in opening up Cape Canaveral to
members of the United Nations Com
mittee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer
Space. Staged in connection with the
projected American launching of Brit
iSh satellite, this tour-the first of its
kind-haS had the worthy objective of
further promoting the idea of interna-
tional cooperation in nonmilitary spa
tiaI ventures
To that end, representatives of no
fewer than "a countries on the u N
committee, including six from the Com
muniSt bloc, have been given a close
look at what is being done at Cape Can
averal in connection with Project Mer-
curry and the general American man-in-
space program. They have been shown,
among other things, certain launching
pads and various other facilities related
to that program. In addition, they have
heard candid official briefingS on the
role played by the Atlantic Missile
Range in developing rockets for defense
purposes as we'll as for space explora-
ton.
This visit to Cape Canaveral, how
ever, has not been wide-open. On the
contrary, the touring U. N representa-
tiveS have had only swift and distant
glimpse, if any at all, of such facilities
as the launching sites of our military
missiles. AS pointed out by General
Thomas S. Power, chief of the Strategic
Air Command, the significance of such
missiles and "the possibilities of military
space operations are indeed staggering"
Accordingly, in his judgment, research
and development in this area constitute
Americas most important and urgent
national project" and it is project, of
course, that cannot safely be carried
out in a goldfish bowl for all the world
to See
In short, the precedent-setting in
ternational tour of Cape Canaveral
means that our space operations are an
open book only as regards purely nom
military projects. In other respects, the
book is to remain as closed as deemed
necessary for security fact under
scored by the Defense Departments new
restrictions on information regarding
reconnaissance satellites and kindred
military vehicles put in orbit This OBJ
viouSly makes sense in world still so
dangerous that national safety demands
a certain minimum of secrecy.
Evening star., 1962-04-13
New York's Disoruce

In November, 1860, the United Fed
Grafton Of Teachers went on a one
day strike in New York City This was
settled when the Board of Education,
after being told there would never be
another strike by city teachers, gave
collective bargaining rights to the
federation.
This no strike assurance didn't
amount to much. For now New York
has had another one-day teachers
Strike-thiS time over pay demands
which the city says it cannot afford
to meet. This latest strike was accom-
panied by minor riots staged by some
students. But why not? If the teachers
set an example of contempt for law,
why expect anything better of pupils?
A New York State law, the Condon-
Wadlin Act, prohibits strikes by public
employees. The superintendent of New
York schools and the president of the
city'S board of education had warned
that any teachers who struck would
automatically lose their jobs and could
be reinstated only subject to certain
penalties provided for and made man
datory by the law. So it remains to
be seen, now that the strike has been
called off in grudging compliance with
a court injunction, whether the law
will be enforced or ignored by the
responsible authorities
The responsibility comes down pri-
marily upon Mayor Wagner, whose rep
utation has not been built upon firm
dealing with hard-nosed labor leaders
AS with most politicians, he prefers
the expedient course, and so it is not
surprising to read a news report that
he has put his legal staff to work in
search of some way to allow striking
teachers to return to their schools with
dignity and without penalties" The
Evening star., 1962-04-13
Food for Red China

Some Americans who are
promoting the idea of giving
the Red Chinese our surplus
food stocks overlook the bulg-
ing relief rolls in our own
country and the hard-pressed
millions of taxpayers who are
struggling to keep themselves
off the relief rolls.
DictatorS do not feed their
starving peoples without ex-
acting strict adherence to tyr
amy.
Armies travel on their
stomachs. The Red Chinese
are Communists and de-
clared enemies of our beliefs
and way of life.
Let those individuals who
wish to feed the Red Chinese
go over and help those Chi
nese to understand the free
dom philosophy that has
inspired Americans to work
and create and build under
freedom. That is the only
lasting way to help any
people, enemy or friend.
Geraldine Berryhill.
Evening star., 1962-04-13

earlier warnings of the school author
tiles evidently are to be filed and
forgotten.
This is consistent enough with the
attitudes and standards which have
been steadily corrupting New York
City But no one can envy the future
to which this leads. If the law is winked
at in this instance, as it has been III
the past, the teachers, not to mention
other public employees, will be even
more difficult to deal with a year or
two hence. And if this prospect is not
enough, just wait until the current
crop of school kids grow up, with full
benefit of the example which has been
set for them.
Evening star., 1962-04-13
A BOOK FOR TODAY
Behind the Cloak of Soviet ESPIONAGE
BY DONALD MINTZ

question. If he is going to
Great Britain, he must be-
come expert not only in the
intricate mysteries of pounds,
ShillingS and ounces (as A. A.
Milne put it, but in the even
deeper secrets of cricket. In
short, he must be able to pose
as a native. This training
takes 10 years; it is obviously
worth every minute of it.
But his spies are on the
whole remarkably unselec-
tive. In effect, they seek to
make contact with some
craftsman in some factory
that has some military con-
tracts. Though Mr.. Hutton
does not say so, it appears
that the various atom spy
cases have given us a dis
torted picture Of the aims Of
Soviet intelligence.
IN THOSE CASES, agents
were seeking specific infor-
nation that could reasonably
be expected to advance Soviet
technology. But more often,
they seek information of a
more general sort, in fact
anything that increases
Soviet knowledge Of what the
West is doing.
Given the enormous size Of
the Soviet intelligence net
work, skillful use Of the
material it produces must be
very difficult, and a discus
sion of the evaluation proc
esses would be most interest,"
ing. But Mr.. Hutton does not
go into this. 1t may well be
impossible for him to do so,
but the omission remains re-
grettable.
Mr.. Hutton's ideas about
countermeaSureS are vague
and moderate. He does not
appear to suggest much more
than a modest increase in our
own counterintelligence work
and a general public aware
ness that we are faced with a
real danger. He seems to
believe that an open, demo-
cratic society has an inherent
disadvantage in this sort of
business.
1t is unfortunate that he
has not been more specific.
This is a subject on which
he writes with considerable
authority, and he ought not
retire from the debate at a
point where readers can draw
and justify-conclusions of
virtually any kind. School
for Spies" can be used to
support suggestions ranging
from adherence to the status
quo or even reduction of our
defensive measures to a dras-
tic extension of secrecy and
controls.
The book, then, Is interest,"
ing and important, but the
reader must bear in mind
that it covers only a portion
OF the subject of Soviet intel
ligence.
Evening star., 1962-04-13
Clinical Law

According to The Star,
United States Attorney David
c. Acheson is concerned over
a decision by the United
States Court of Appeals
which he thinks may in
crease acquittals because of
the insanity defense. He and
other Americans have good
grounds for such fears and
while they are about it they
might worry about their
constitutional rights and the
whole system of Anglo-Saxon
jurisprudence.
If the present trend con-
tinues, sane" or insane"
may be substituted for
guilty" or mot guilty" In
stead of courts of law with
judges. juries and lawyers,
We will have only super
clinics run by the men in
white who will dispense
judgment and treatment &C
cording to their own Freud
ian concepts. Instead of
prisons. where at least a
prisoner is given a definite
sentence and the right to
communicate with his law
yer, we will have super
mental institutions where
the patient" may be in
carcerated for life and where
he may contact the outside
world only if the pSychia-
tristS wish to let him do so.
In such a place he would
have no court of higher ap-
peal except God.
If the legal profession and
the American people want
those accused of crime to be
treated" instead of tried; if
they want to substitute men,
tai hospital prisons for our
present penal institutions,
which. bad as they are, have
distinct advantages over
most mental institutions; if
they wish to set up a power
full group of super-judges
lthe psychiatriStS) so that
their arbitrary decisions can
bypass established laws and
procedures set up to insure
justice for the common man,
then they should congratu-
late themselves. They are
making wonderful progress
in this direction.
Ruby Upton Curd.
Evening star., 1962-04-13
Steel and Initiation

If President Kennedy
wants to hold the initiation
line, then let him crack
down on some of the AFL-
CIO labor unions, instead of
condemning U. S. Steel for
raising prices to meet two
union-labor wage increases.
Also let him stop pouring
billions into the sagebrush
African countries, and let
him stop refinancing the
bankrupt, no good United
Nations. And how about the
give-away billions to the AL
lance for Progress? This
money will go down the drain
with nothing to show for it
but a new crop of millionaire
government heads. Only a
few crumbs will ever get to
the ones that need it.
Henry Gore Fuller.
Evening star., 1962-04-13
De GouIIe Taking q Risky Course
Foreign Correspondent Of The Stur

ment that in the future he
will rely more and more on
popular referendumS for set
ting questions of major po-
litical Importance. Along with
increasing presidential au-
thority, there has been a clear
implication of less and less
reliance on the parliamentary
system of government.
For some confirmed Gaul-
lists, these decisions are no
more than a reflection of the
generals political astutenesS.
Despite the overwhelming vote
of confidence given him last
Sunday, he is aware of the
highly ambiguous nature of
the affirmative vote. Many
perhaps the majority - who
voted yes to his Algerian pol
icy would have voted against
any further increase in presi-
Dental powers. An election
would have revealed the real
divisions within the country
and eakened Gen. de
Gaulle's personal mandate.
Criticism and Fears
Others, however, fear that
the President has been mis-
led into thinking that the
country as a whole will sup
port what would amount to
a dictatorial regime. Ac-
cording to the leftwing "Ex-
press:
For the President Of the
Republic the referendum
confirms that direct democ-
racy is favored by the people.
1t proves that existence of a
parliamentary majority and
therefore of new elections
are not necessary for good
government"
Says the liberal, sometime
GaulliSt Combat:
The departure of Michel
Debre is not merely the de-
parture of a man. 1t is also
the end of the form of de-
mocracy to which France has
been attached since 1875.
even though the last months
have singularly attenuated
it."
The harShest criticism of
all, however, comes from for
mer A b Sador Andre
Francois Poncet. writing in
the conservative Figaro:
IF these intentions are
confirmed" he writes, "if
they should be translated
into acts, they would meet
determined opposition. . "A
republican wave would rise
up against them. (The
country remains profoundly
liberal, attached to a respect
for the rights and liberties of
individuals, hostile to autoc-
racy whoever the autocrat
may be-"
Quite clearly in developing
his regime along increasingly
authoritarian lines, Gen. de
Gaulle will not have smooth
sailing along the way. For
the time being, while the AL
gerian peace still hangs in
the balance, a political revolt
at home is unlikely. But the
pressure is building. And
once Algeria is settled an ex-
ploSion could come quickly.
Evening star., 1962-04-13
Troubled AIqeriu

@AHAH ~ willy "C1C
screaming headlines, Secret
Army Kills 8, Wounds 9 in
MoSlem Hospital" 1t made
one feel indignant about the
Secret Army" But was it
the Secret Army? And
what is the Secret Army?
In spite Of the fact that
all the Europeans in Algeria
feel desperate about the be-
trayal of the Western World
and about the betrayal of
their own fatherland, they
are not desperadoes. Many
European Algerians have left
quietly the country they
created out Of nothing, vent
to Brazil, to wherever they
could go. Others will accept
the new set-up. It appears
that a few chose to fight.
But among those who fight,
a third force has infiltrated.
The actions of that third
force are now attributed to
the few who would rather
fight than give up their land.
These actions are ruthless
and completely deSpicable.
They very effectively achieve
the aims of the master brains
whose strategy was to put the
new force where it is.
The aim was to create so
much ill-will between the
French and Moslem popula-
tions that it would amount to
a very effective sabotage of a
fair, orderly election. In North
Africa life is cheap. A few
thugs paid to kill can escape
detection thanks to the ex-
tremely confused situation,
the impossibility for the po-
lice force to control the town
of Algiers.
Then, if enough ill-will and
disorder are created, it will
not be hard for the hidden
third force to come out in
the open at the right time,
under a different label ct
has already happened in
Cuba), and it will be like
watching puzzle being made
whole all of a sudden. Ev-
erybody will then know that
third force by its name:
communism. The Russians
are outstanding chess players,
outstanding strategists, and
quite aggressive. 1t is naive
to believe that they plan to
leave Algeria for the Alge-
rianS. They already have
their plan for taking over at
the earliest possible date. The
recent happenings lead to be-
lieve they are already in &C
ton.
incidentally, this is written
by one who before raising a
family in this country, lived
% years in North Africa, and
has friends there.
Mrs. j. de Launay.
Evening star., 1962-04-13
Costro's Ransom

Fidel Castro has handed
out another ultimatum. He
is willing to free the 1,179
Bay of Pigs prisoners in ex-
change for $62 million dollars
sorely needed by a dictator
responsible for an entire
country being on the verge
of starvation and economic
collapse. We all realize the
very serious plight of our
Cuban neighbors and I am
sure we all wish to see them
live under a free democratic
government.
However, I do not feel our
compassion for these people
should overshadow our good
sense. BY handing Castro
$62 million we are merely
handing him the means to
buy more Russian fighter
planes, tanks, artillery, small
arms, etc. Very little, if any,
of this money would be used
to feed the hungry Cubans.
1t is a very difficult choice
to make when human beings
are involved. But am sure
these prisoners would rather
serve their harsh sentence for
a short period of time rather
than enable Castro to further
build his military power and
thus prolong the agony of
the Cuban people. The
money might better be spent
for future expenses to free
Cuba from the clutches of
Castro and communism.
Mary E. McGillen
Il y 4
Nothing seems to be so ad-
vantageous to Castro as the
constant miSjudgment of
him both in the press and in
official circles of this coun-
try.
Now we are paying the
price of our idiocy. 1t is not
possible to deal with a Com
munist as you deal with the
classical human being. Both
Marx and Lenin have taught
them to lie as a matter of
principle.
CaStro'S ransom demands
are the result of evil educa-
ton not only in the Com
munist camp but in what is
called the liberal camp; not
only in the conspirational
cell. but in the university
classroom where education
has been stripped of any
moral content. Comte, Dar-
win, Marx. Lenin, Stain and
Castro are the product of the
Evening star., 1962-04-13

SCHOOL FOR SPIES, The
ABC of How RusSia's Secret
Service Operates by j. Ber-
nard Hutton. 222 pp., illus,
end-paper map. Coward
McCann, Inc; $685..
j. Bernard Hutton-which
Is not his real name-is a
Moscow ed, former
Czech Communist who now
writes on Soviet affairs for a
number Of British and Amer
ican newspapers. The pub
Usher describes him as "an
ex-Communist from Moscow's
spy school," Mr.. Hutton's
preface is somewhat ambigu-
GUS, but there is the distinct
possibility that this descrip-
ton rests on the erroneous
idea that the Lenin School in
Moscow (Which Mr.. Hutton
attended, and the Lenin
Technical Institute in Ver-
khovnoye near Kazan (Which
Mr.. Hutton probably did not
attend) are the same.
They are not. The latter
is a spy school-and what a
spy school ol!-whereas the for
mer is an institution for the
training of potential party
leaders.
School for Spies" is a
detailed exposition of the
organization of the KGB
(Soviet Secret Service) and
the manner in which it trains
spies for work abroad. This
discussion is followed by sum-
marieS of a number Of typical
spy operations including both
those in which some or all of
the participants were caught
and those in which they were
not.
MR.. HUTTON'S informa-
tion about the second kind of
operation is obtained from an
information bulletin put out
by the MVD (Soviet Ministry
of the Interior). The bull
letin is not intended for pub
lie consumption either in the
Soviet Union or the West.
But documents of this sort
cannot be protected, even in
a closed, totalitarian society,
and Mr.. Hutton, like other
SovietologiSts, manages to
keep himself well informed.
The training he describes
borders on the fantastic. But
it makes perfect sense and
its existence is indisputable.
After a normal, but hard
course in photography, radio
operation and cloak-and-
dagger methods in general,
the potential spy is sent to
an institution which seeks to
duplicate conditions in the
country in which he will live.
He speaks nothing but the
language of that country. He
lives in it's environment in
towns populated largely by
Communists who are former
citizens of the nation in
Evening star., 1962-04-13

materialism that has brutal
lied the human race to the
extent that we are ready for
our extinction from the face
of the earth. The spiritual
nature of man has been neg
lected for the blessings of
the atom bomb and the
cruelties Of the incineration
plants. There has to be a
revival of spirituality and
humaniSm before long, else
We are lost.
Joseph 1. Puente
Evening star., 1962-04-13
PARIS.

maneuver or a fatal misjudg-
ment of the mood of the
country? The latest decisions
of French President de GauIle
have touched off the hottest
debate over his peculiar brand
of personal leadership since
his return to power four years
ago.
Before last Sundays refer
endum it was widely believed
that a popular Endorsement
of Gen. de Gaulle's Algerian
policy would be followed
quickly by general elections.
The heavier the referendum
vote, it was thought, the
more certain it was that
the President would follow
through by diSsolving the
General Assembly and turn
ing once again to the people
for support. Indeed, the back
ing which Gen. de Gaulle
won from the leftwing politi-
cal parties in the referendum
was largely due to their ex-
pectations of profiting from
the elections to come.
In this, however, the left
wingers were grievously de-
ceived. 1t is now known that
there will be no elections.
Unless something changes
the picture, the present Par
lament will in all probability
serve out its full term which
runs until April, 1868.
Instead of elections, Presi-
dent de Gaulle has decided
on a change of government
by presidential decree. Pre-
mier Michel Debre, who has
served the President faith
fully If not entirely happily
for more than three years,
is on his way out. He will
be replaced by Georges Pom
pidou, former banker and
longtime collaboration of Gen.
de Gaulle. who unlike Mr..
Debre has never held any
elective office.
The result will be fulfill
ment of the generals dream
of government of "techni-
clans" - as opposed to politi-
cianS-responsible solely and
directly to him. 1t also will
mean inevitably q further
reinforcement Of the stature
of the President himself, who
will henceforth be his own
prime minister for all prac-
tical purposes.
Lessons Parliament's Role
Finally, both the post
ponement of elections and
the reshuffle of government
will result in further whit
tling down the role played
by a Parliament already re-
duced to near impotence
under the constitution of the
Fifth Republic. Not surpriS-
ingly the bitterest reaction to
the new turn of events comes
from Gen. de Gaulle'S own
party, the Union for the New
Republic, whose members see
in it the end Of their special
role as Intermediates between
the people and the regime.
For his part, Gen. de Gaulle
is making no secret of his
plans. The government re-
shuttle follows the announce
Evening star., 1962-04-13
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used If
letters carry writers' correct
names and addresses. All let
terS are subject to condenSa-
tion. Those not used tDiu be
returned only Dhen accom-
panied By self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.