davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-13
DAVID LAWRENCE
The Constitution and Kennedy

separation, between the two
common markets. the one in
Western Europe, and the
other In the United States"
But the President really
did have a legal alternative.
Had he been adhering to the
treaty-making power given
him under the Constitution,
he could have negotiated o
treaty and, after affixing the
signature Of the United States
to 1t, he could have asked for
ratification by q two-thirds
vote Of the Senate.
It may. indeed. be ques-
toned whether, in order to
conform to constitutional re-
quirements, the President
isn't really obligated to get o
two-thirds consent by the
Senate anyhow when he
makes agreements with "a
countries involving not only
tariff duties but various con-
tingent actions, including
possible reprisals by the
United States against quotas
imposed on our trade by
other go ernmentS.
Should q subject Of such
transcendent Importance
affecting industries through
out the United States - be
handled by such a vague
process as were the agree
mentS made by the American
delegation at Geneva with q
total Of "a different coun-
tries? Certainly the trainers
Of the Constitution did not
intend that the treaty
making power, which requires
q two-thirds approval by the
Senate, should be by-pasSed.
The President has attempted
to exercise the very same au-
thority in o different way.
Such q procedure has never
been upheld by the Supreme
Court Of the United States.
If Congress, by q majority
Of both houses, can pass a
law delegating authority to
the Executive to make agree
mentS with foreign govern
mentS which are final, then
the whole treaty making
power, in which the Senate
has hitherto played q CO.
ordinate part. falls to the
ground. That's why it is
being asked: What has hap
pened to the Constitution
under the Kennedy admins
tration?
(copyrisht, 1852
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-13
DORIS FLEEsoN
President Feels Those Interested in Plan
Should Get to Work on Congress

President Kennedy has
promised to throw himself
into the fight for medical
care for the aged under the
social security system. He
hinted rather plainly, how
ever, that the people inter-
eSted had better get to work
on Congress.
He is sure, he said, that
they can get the bill to his
desk, provided they really
want It.. To prove his good
faith he will cheer them on
in person at . New York
rally May 20.
The President is bemused
by the fact that while polls
show his popularity at an
all-time high and he is almost
never denounced these days,
his program is begged down
in Congress but nobody COM
plains. Members to whom he
appeals for more steam be-
hind bills he wants cheer
fully assure him that their
mail on domestic issues was
never lighter.
The White House continues
to provide ammunition for q
later give-'em-hell campaign
against Congress; no day
passes without some new
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-13
Sponiord Sees Soviet Problem, Puzzles
Over US. and Wonders at Next Envoy

MADRID.-In the last Is
years this reporter has seen
GeneralisSimo Franco seven
times for interviews or, more
often. general talks. The
Spanish chief of state who
has had on his hands many
serious problems not 30
much from his own people as
from outside-haS over the
years lost none Of his buoy
ancy and keenness Of mind.
Now that Spain has been
definitely accepted in the
family Of free nations and
has become one of the es-
sential strategic supporting
points Of the Western de-
Tense system, his task from
the international point Of
view has become less burden
some.
From . conversation of
nearly an hour with El Cau-
dillo. 1t appears that he has
acquired q somewhat tran
quili1in9 outlook concerning
developments within the
worlds Infection center, the
Soviet Union. The many re-
ports he receives appear to
indicate that the great drive
Of the Soviet dictatorship for
technical education Of its
young people has necessi-
tated the creation Of schools
and universities Of q type the
USSR never had before.
Franco believes that In the
course Of years the new gen.
Grafton which has had moth
ing to. do with the Bolshevik
revolution may become suffi-
GENTLY enlightened to de-
mand social and political re-
forms which in the long run
will soften UP the present
harsh regime. He believes
that even today, despite its
arrogance, the Khrushchev
rule is becoming less harsh
than In Stains and Beria's
time. The demands for a bet
ter life by the young gener-
alton may eventually force
concessions to the masses.
There Is sufficient evidence,
according to Franco, to indi-
cate that, in domestic affairs,
the Kremlin boss is at this
very moment in warmer water
than he cares for. There has
been evidence Of growing dis
content with the drab life
imposed on the Russian peo-
pies since the revolution-not
in street demonstrations,
which are prohibited in the
Soviet Union, but in the in
ner councils Of the students
which are now, according to
Frances information, gain
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-13

ing an increasingly impor-
tant role.
While the Spanish chief
only skirted the vagaries Of
the policies Of the United
States and Britain which Of
fer one day a determined re-
sistance to the Kremlin and
then soften up at the slight
est indication of q smile from
Mr.. KhruShchsv, 1t Is obvious
that he is at a loss to under
stand the Anglo-American
foreign policy. 1t cannot be
peace In our time alone, much
as every free nation may
banker for that elusive ideal.
We must recognize that in
these days Of determined
stands. half measures and re-
versal Of policies will not IA
cilitate the attainment of
that goal.
Ostensibly the Spanish
chief Of state wants to believe
that the fine words expressed
by our official policy makers
are actually the expressions
Of our true policy. He is said
to have been very pleased
with Q warm speech made re-
Gently by Secretary Of State
Rusk during q visit to Madrid.
But Franco realizes that there
there are trends" within the
family Of unofficial policy
makers and advisers in the
White House and State De-
partment which run counter
to what seems to be the Off
cial policy.
And while he is not willing
to dwell on these contradic-
tions, he is aware Of a trend
in the United States that
ideologically America should
have nothing to do with
right-wing relationships and
should try by international
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-13
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Franco, the Allies and Moscow

permissible means - or in
ways to free peoples sub
jected to relationships" such
as exist in Spain, In Portugal
and some contend also in
France.
The Spanish officialdom is
interested in the envoy Wash
ington will send to Madrid to
renegotiate the 1858 agree
ment concerning our air and
naval bases in Spain. This
agreement expires in 1868 and
the matter of its renewal ap-
pears to interest the Madrid
officials more than those in
Washington.
Rumors have percolated
through here that in view of
the missile development the
administration intends to rely
on our missile potentials as
the main deterrent. There Is a
school Of thought among the
civilian advisers of President
Kennedy that the Spanish
bases have outlived their use
fulneSs. This is not shared
by the professionals who re-
gard conventional wars even
in Western Europe as a
definite possibility. And for
that purpose the bases we
have leased here and whose
lease must be renegotiated
soon are regarded as even
more essential than those we
have in the United Kingdom.
Spaniards are interested In
the diplomat Washington will
send to lay the foundation
for the new agreement. It
will be necessary, 1t is believed
by Americans and Spaniards
here, that the basic negotia-
tions be carried out by some
body who has the ear of
President Kennedy and suffi-
cient weight to make deci-
sions on the spot. A routine ,
ambassador who must submit
every little item under dis
cussion through channels" to
Washington is not the ideal
person for the Job. t..s
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-13
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

FEC Boss Newt Mnow finally has upgraded culture on
TV. On all channels get Teddy from Boston,
Jackie from Bombay Jack from Washngton-and Bobby
all
The Geneva disarmament conference opens. The Swiss
used to it. The minute they hear the first gavel Of
disarmament parey. they out and start cleaning
rifles.
First Repubcan-Dd you read Dick Nixons book about
the six crises in his fe? Second RepublcanDidnt
to- In the 80 campaign four Of them teevision."
The New Frontier calls its farm proposals an ABCD
program. ABCD-short for abracadabra.
The great blessing of modern education is that only in
the most backward schools do kids get the kind Of homework
that their parents are able to help them with
Defense Boss Mcnamara thinks the Arr1yS Nike-Zeus
anmissile missile isn't good Maybe not against
missiles but it's already shot down whole fleet Of BIOS
the White House.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-13
Supporting the Aged Care Bill

draft in the political bank;
II things 60 badly In foreign
policy or the economic indi-
Gators turn sharply down, the
voters will call it sharply.
They will blame the Presi-
dent for failing to provide
domestic cushions for them
to fall on. Republicans nat
urally will egg them on and
point to their own minority
status.
It cannot be said that the
President does not try to
bring pressure on his former
colleagues. He rarely eats o
meal without o few around
to be worked on with charm
and good food. A devoted and
hard working White House
staff tenderly looks after
their wants, Whatever their
views.
Some Of the least co-opera.
tive among them do not hest
tate to press on him their
demands for patronage, in
GLIDING judges and other IA
vors. Less Is said about 1t,
even in jest, than in previous
administrations.
So far all the kindness has
not produced brilliant re-
suits. It will be interesting
to see II the Presidents self
restraint lasts through his
first term and hard to believe
1t can 60 beyond it.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-13
Announcement of Plans for Tests There
Stir Memories of a Peaceful Visit in As

ant, it supported a population
Of about 50 persons.
Now, the atomic-nuclear
age nears Christmas Island.
One Of this country's prob
lens in resuming the tests,
which the Soviet experiments
made necessary, is that we
do not have any entirely suit
able place to hold them.
Our first postwar atomic
detonationS were held In the
Eniwetok- Bikini area. But
since 1947 these islands have
been part Of an area Of al
most 100 atolls that are under
a United Nations trusteeship.
Most members of the U. N.
do not want us to use them
for testing. Nor. for that
matter, do we. From the pure
~ pragmatic viewpoint they
are ideal. But every other
consideration is against their
use.
It would be necessary to
move the residents Of several
islands. We could not pro-
tect others from fall-out. The
bombs we will explode in the
anticipated coming tests will
be much more formidable
than those Of the immediate
post Hiroshima years. In 1854
fall-out from the smaller ex-
plosions fell on some Of the
Marshall Islands. There was
a tremendous backlaSh Of
protest and revulSion. Japan
already is protesting the
Pacific tests.
johnson Island is a rela-
lively tiny atoll and tests
from there will be difficult
to manage. Another sugges-
ton has been to conduct tests
from a task force at sea. This,
too, leaves much to be desired,
especially in the matter Of
recording results. I'VE may,
however, make at least one
or two from a Ship)
The Soviets, by their ex-
tensive experiments, made
necessary some Of our own.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-13

measure or maneuver ID.
rected toward the hill. What
is lacking Is results.
The House Ways and
Means Committee has most
major measures still under
its thumb and began trade
hearings only this week with
q scheduled list Of 275 Wit
nesseS. Chairman Mills has
indicated that night hearings
and other firing tactics might
sharply slash this grist; even
so 1t is hard to see how so
complex q bill can now
emerge until June.
Meanwhile, the Senate
waits. Majority Leader
Mansfield, apparently en-
barrassed by three weeks Of
inaction, has announced he
would call UP an anti-poll
tax bill which wasn't even
on the calendar. It isn't even
very controversial; civil
rights advocates think 1t not
very useful, either.
The President obviously Is
not being penalized now in
the minds Of the voters by
this kind Of drifting In
a Congress his own party
oStenSibly controls. But 1t
represents a kind Of over
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-13
RALPH MeGILL
Atomic Age at Christmas Island

We will be criticized by ma
tons which did not voice any
objections to Russian opera
tions. But this cannot be too
effective. The almost brutal
arrogance and interest Of the
Soviet nuclear testing were
unacceptable. To have decided
against further tests would
have been to invite conquest
and defeat.
The United States Atomic
Energy Commission said, in
December, that analysis of
the Soviet nuclear explosions
showed the U.S.S.R. had
made advances in some
areas, especially in yields (of
energy-to-weight-ratios) of
weapons in the megaton
range" It went on to say
that substantial progress
and much useful information
has been obtained by the
Soviet Union"
AS a result Of these tests
our experts now believe the
Soviets could deliver a missile
with a 3o-megaton warhead,
and possibly the 100-megaton
bomb Mr.. Khrushchev boast
ed he was having built. Our
evaluations indicate the So
VETS used a lead shell shield
on the 60-megaton warhead.
BY substituting a uranium
shell, our experts say, the
60-megaton bomb could be
boosted to 100 megatons.
Mr.. Khrushchev's insist
ence on q Geneva disarma-
ment conference was intend
ed, in part at least, to make
1t more difficult for Presi-
dent Kennedy to order the
nuclear tests. This made it
necessary for us to announce
test plans before the meeting
hoUtno DwnnflAnA Vn~a.,
did a maSterful job in re-
porting the most somber de-
ciSion he has been called
upon to make. But, even SO,
he could not tell US all the
CHASTITY facts Of nuclear ef-
fects. Neither the President
nor the people had any other
choice. The alternative was
the end Of the Republic.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-13
President to Mark
Alliances Year

President Kennedy celebrates
the first anniversary Of his Al
lance for Progress program Of
economic aid for Latin
America with q reception at
the White House this after
noon.
Press Secretary Pierre Sal
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-13

What has happened to the
Constitution under the Ken
nedy administration? This
question projects itself ma.
turally - a result Of the new
controversy that Is develop
Ing over the power of the
President to finalize tariff
agreements with foreign
countries.
Mr.. Kennedy seems to
think Congress can delegate
TO him power to make such
trade treaties through an en-
largement Of the present law
on reciprocal trade agree
mentS. But the issue is broad
er than tariffs.
II, for example, Congress
can delegate to the Executive
the treaty-making power on
tariffs without the necessity
OF ratification by the legisla-
tive body, then the power to
impose taxes or to change ut
will existing tax laws can
also be handed over to the
President. Yet the Constitu-
ton specifies that Congress
alone shall have power ito
lay and collect taxes. duties,
imposts and excuses"
The Constitution also says
plainly that the President Of
the United States shall have
power only "by and with the
advice and consent Of the
Senate, to make treaties,
provided two-thirds Of the
Senators present concur"
Within the last few days,
however, President Kennedy
has ignored the Senate's
rights and has merely sent
to Congress notification of
far-reaching agreements on
tariffs reached with the six
nations Of the European
Common Market and Is
other countries, including
Great Britain.
Never before in American
history has such a treaty or
agreement with so many
countries in the world been
withheld from formal SUBJ
mission to the Senate. The
document which reported the
negotiations to the House and
Senate does not even request
approval Of the pacts. 1t as
Sul1aes that the President will
get the necessary authority
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-13

niger said the President would
speak at the gathering in the
White House East Room where
he announced the Alliance for
Progress program in q speech
to Latin American diplomats q
year ago.
Those invited to the $50 pm.
reception included Ambassadors
Of all the Latin American coun-
tries except Cuba, various
members Of the Senate and
House and other officials.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-13
opposing of Treoty-hiokine Process
Held Not Intended by u. S. Founders

under q modification Of the
existing reciprocal trade law.
The Executive, Of course.
inherently possesses certain
powers to negotiate treaties
with foreign governments on
tariffs. This Is far different
however, from the authority
he has been using under the
reciprocal trade law, which
delegates power to negotiate
only within certain limits. 1t
permits, for example, q tariff
reduction Of 20 per cent to
be made, but no more. and
the President is supposed to
report to Congress those in
stances where his proposals
would depart from what are
known as peril points" in
industry. 1t 10 then I'D to
Congress to specify by law
whether it will sanction a
departure from these limits.
Mr.. Kennedy in his message
to Congress on March I, re-
porting on the new tariff
treaties, says that "our ne
gotiators were grievously
short Of bargaining power"
in the negotiations at Gen.
eva. This is clear proof that
the Executive branch OF the
American government has
been, in effect, negotiating a
treaty and has not just been
carrying out instructions
within certain limits, as COW
cred by the reciprocal trade
act passed by Congress in
1858.
The negotiations started in
September, 1860, but a dead
lock ensued. President Ken
nedy confeSses to Congress
that he deviated from the in
structions or limits contained
in the existing law, when he
says: ,....
Accordingly, after months
of negotiation and when no
other recourse was available
to save the situation. I auth-
orized our Geneva delegation
to offer new concessions on q
number Of items at rates
below the peril point find
tngS.
I'm taking this step, we
avoided the collapse Of the
Geneva talks and we held
open the way to q future Of
economic cooperation, not
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-13
RALPH McGILL.

when atomic testing Is
resumed, the test sites will be
British owned Christmas Is
land and nearby Johnson Is
land, . United States possess
sion." news item.
Names leap out Of the
newspapers and trigger rem
iniscences. In April, ls45, q
troubled plane, en- route from
Australia to Hawaii, put down
at Christmas Island in the
Pacific. The Air Transport
Command had . base there.
We waited in the transit mess
while mechanics worked on
an engine. Suddenly, In the
midst Of sunshine, rain be-
gan to fall. The sun, indeed,
Shone with such sharp bril-
lance that the swift, angry
passion Of the rain was made
beautiful with an iridescence
which moved UP and down
through the slanting, pelting
showers.
We talked with the men
stationed there of the
boredom, the fishing, the
swimming, the movies, and
Of occasional liberty in Ha-
waii. The rain stopped as
abruptly as it had begun.
The engine was ready. We
said goodbye and took off,
looking down on the beauty
Of the island, its beaches
cleaning white in the sun
and the waters thin blue
about the island but deepen
ing to the blue-gray color of
slate. There was hush-hush
talk in those days Of a mys-
ferrous atom bomb, but We
did not think Of it in terms
Of use.
Christmas Island is one Of
the Zine islands" 1t is the
largest atoll IN the Pacific,
including a land area of about
95 square miles. Until the
Second World War came, and
the airports became import
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-03
Black Muslin at Lorton
Upheld on Complaint

1T is sufficient here to say
that one concept of religion
calls for a belief in the exist
ence of a supreme being con-
trolling the existence of man.
That concept of religion is met
by the Muslims in that they
believe in Allah, as a supreme
being and as the one true
God" the Judge added.
Tension and Resentment
The Judge noted that Full
wood had complained to the
District Commissioners that his
rights were being violated. She
also recalled that in May, 1860,
Fulwood preached to some fell
low MuSlimS, calling the white
race liars, thieves and muir
derers," causing tension and
resentment among inmates Of
both races and tending to
breach the peace"
The Judge said that the
punishment of Fulwood as a
result of his complaint to the
Commissioners and his preach
ing to fellow Muslims was un-
reasonable.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-03
TODAY'S WEATHER REPORT

District and vicinity-Occa-
sional rain tonight, low in the
upper COS. Mostly cloudy and
cool tomorrow, occasional rain
likely.
Maryland-Cloudy and cool
tonight and tomorrow, rain
likely. Low tonight in the COS.
Considerable cloud
iness. showers and a scattered
thunderstorms tonight and
tomorrow. Low tonight in the
COS, warming tomorrow.
Lower Potomac and Chesa-
peake Bay-Mostly southeast
to south winds of 10 to 20
knots tonight, becoming east
erly tomorrow. Occasional rain
tonight and tomorrow, visibility
2 to 5 miles, except less than
/ mile in rain and fog.
Resort Areas Tomorrow
Chesapeake Bay-Scattered show
ers, with q high in the lower or
middle sos.
Skyline Drive Thundershowers,
with fair visibility. High about 80.
Nass Head and Cape Hatteras-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-03
Stove Fuel Blast
Burns Woman

Mrs. Marjorie Rhoden of the
5000 block of Midland street,
Springfield, is in critical con-
dition at Fairfax Hospital to-
day from burns she received
while pouring solvent on a bar
becue fire.
Mrs. Rhoden was admitted
to Fairfax Hospital yesterday
afternoon with burns over 80
per cent of her body. according
to hospital authorities.
She had been pouring an
alcohol-baSe stove fuel on the
burning charcoal when the al
cohol can exploded, Haywood
johnson, assistant fire mar
shall, said. She tore off some
Of her clothes, ran into the
house and rolled the living
room rug around her to put out
the flames, he added.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-03
Shimon Ends
Police Duty
On Pension

Inspector Joseph w. Shimon
retires from the Police Depart
ment today after 80 years.
The inspector, IS, who will
receive a S7,412 a year pension,
had twice requested immediate
voluntary retirement on May 5
and May 26.
Both requests were denied
by Police Chief Murray who
said it would not look good to
the public If the inspector re-
tired while the Mayflower
electronic eavesdropping case
was still under investigation.
Today'S date was set by the
Police Retirement Board.
Inspector Shimon has APP
peared twice, the last time
yesterday. before the grand
jury investigating the hotel
plugging" case. While he has
told police that he obtained
the electronic device used by
private detectives at the May
flower Hotel, he has explained
that he did it with the under
standing that it would be used
only to gather evidence in a
case involving possible bribery
Of a public official.
The electronic transmitterI
was found in the Mayflower
Hotel room of a San Francisco,
Calf, attorney in April.
Inspector Shimon was pro-
noted to his job in February,
1860, in a major change in the
detective organization of the
police department. In his work.
he helped to supervise detec-
ives assigned to the city's five
Inspection districts.
He had earlier served as
head of the General Assign
nent Squad. Inspector Shimon,
who joined the police force inl
1929, started out in the Traffic
Division.