davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-09
EAST GERMANY

II there is anyone living in
Eastern Europe who typified
Stain and Stalinism it is Wal
ter Ulbricht who has headed the
Soviet outpost since 1945. Fac
tories, collective farms. educa-
tional institutions, stadiums and
even an army regiment were
named for the 68-year-old lead
er. Momentos to Stain in East
Berlin included the major boule-
ward, Stalinalle (renamed Karl
Marxallee and Frankfurteralle).
The first Socialist city" and in
dustrial center on the Oder
River, Stalinstadt, became Eisen-
huettenstadt.
Ulbricht rejected the charges
that he had encouraged a per-
sonality cult, calling them merely
an expression of the theological
class war against Marxism-Len-
inism." He reported to the Gen.
trail Committee last November
that since 1856 his regime had
led decisive struggle" against
Stalinist practices.
The Committee absolved him
and party stalwarts refer to him
as an outstanding leader of the
German and international work.
ing class.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-09
How Plan Works

But the plan as a whole appears
to be set. Here is a recapitulation
OF its key provisions:
Q Eight divisions, four Guard
and four reserve, will be reduced
TO operational headquarters. The
units in these divisions will be re-
placed by brigades and other
needed nondivisional units.
o More than 1900 Guard and
reserve units, which are not re-
quired for mobilization. will be
eliminated. At the same time.
more than 1000 new units which
are needed, but which are not now
in existence. will be formed.
o Two types Of hieh-priority
forces will be created. One in
wolves units required 10 provide
support for active army divisions
In sustained combat. The other
is composed OF six. self-sufficient
National Guard divisions required
10 perform missions in the early
stages Of a war. The readiness
objective OF both types is 10 be
capable OF deployment within
eight weeks, with some TO be
ready In four.
In announcing his plan. Mr..
Mcnamara explained that II is
designed TO increase the combat
readiness OF the non-active units
and thereby add 10 the strength
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-09
Red Satellite Countries Lag in Discrimination

is a mistake" to think de-
Stalinization means that a Glib
eral current" is now developing
within the Communist Parties.
At the August 14-l6 meeting
the committee resolved that the
party finally liquidated the per-
sonality cult by expelling rs old
Stalinists from the party. The
most prominent Of these were
Matyas Rakosi- the dictator be-
fore the 1856 revolution who has
lived in the USSR since then
and his successor a party leader
in 1856, Emo Zero, who was de-
posed by the revolution. Also
the committee relieved Kar-
oily Kiss from the Politburo "since
he still does not clearly see the
incorrect practice followed by the
Central Control Commission
prior to 1855 and does not rec
ognize his own responsibility for
it," Obviously only Kiss has oc-
cupied prominent place in the
Kadar regime; Kadar's position
seems quite secure.
At the October 11-12 meeting
the &C revealed that Marosan on
September first rendered his res
ignation from the &C functions,
charging that feminist princi-
Piles" were ignored and collective
leadership" absent in the party.
For this "anti-party" attitude,
the former Social Democrat was
expelled from the &C and re-
tired. On the eve of the party
congress, therefore, Kadar's po-
sition appears quite secure.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-09
Army: New
Reserve Plan

Defense Secretary Mcnamara
announced on Tuesday a re-
organization of the Army re-
serve and a plan 10 increase the
combat readiness OF the Ma
tional Guard. The Hebert Com
mittee In the House indicated
its approval.
Robert 8. Mcnamara has been
hailed as the wonder worker OF
the Pentagon. His success In APP
plying cost effectiveness" yard
stick 10 weapons programs, in
his "take-charge" domination Of
the military. and In his demands
for facts and figures 10 support
plans and proposals have been
widely reported.
Another characteristic OF the
Secretary's which has been prom
inently displayed In his two years
as Pentagon boss is his tenacity OF
purpose. For example, despite
heavy congressional pressure he
had refused 10 broaden into full
blown programs the development
OF two extremely costly weapons
systems OF still = 10 be proven
merit. These involve the Air
Forces RS-70 bomber and the
Army's Nike zeus anti missile
missile.
But Mr.. Mcnamara tenacity
has a positive as we'll as a mega
tive side. And last week II APP
peared 10 have produced a sub
stantial victory In a highly con-
troversial area where others had
tried and failed. Involved was the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-09

The victim was to be Rudolf
Barak, who actually came onto
the scene after Stains and
Gottwald's death. Novotny
charged that Barak was guilty
of gross violation of socialist le-
gality" and large-scale pilfering
of socialist property. although he
said earlier that such abuses had
occurred between 1913 and 1858,
and Barak did not become Min
lister of Interior until Septem-
Der, 1858.
Barak is relatively young at 48,
rose rapidly in the party HER
archy. Earlier he was q ruthless
Stalinist, especially toward the
peasantry. the Catholic Church
and the Slovak nationalist, but
some observers believe he now
favored q moderate policy. How
ever. he was probably a threat
to the colorless Novotny.
Barak was expelled from the
party, then tried secretly by the
High Military Court April 1920.
He was given is years impris-
onment.
Actually If anyone is vulner-
able to "Stalinist" and cult"
charges 1t is Novotny himself. AS
successor to Gottwald, Novotny
has been the party chief for the
last 10 years and President since
1857. a record not wholly con-
sistent with the policy of "col-
lective leadership"
The Politburo decided that
name changes would be made at
institutions, enterprises and farm
collectives; displays in honor Of
Stain would be removed.
Perhaps nothing typifies the
Czecks more than the largest and
costliest Stalinist symbol in East
ern Europe-the 18,000-ton gran
tie monument on Letna Hill atop
the Moldau overlooking Prague.
Leading a group of Czech heroes
is a 95-foot, 9OO-ton statue of
Stain which took two years to
build by voluntary" unpaid
labor. The Austrian Socialist
paper Arbeiter- zeitung on Janu-
airy 10 said that when the de-
signer finally saw the 52-ton head
of Stain in position, he "prac-
ticed self-criticism" and commit
ted suicide.
A 24-member commission de-
cided that a building should be
constructed on the site to serve
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-09
Lesson to Pentogon

The Berlin Gallup Of 1861,
with its attendant mistakes and
inadequacies, provided lessons for
the Pentagon planners and
brought action to increase the
number OF combat-ready divisions
OF the Army from IL to l6, in
two separate actions. In turn.
this altered the original plan for
10 high priority divisions In re-
serve-to be ready for war In
eight weeks. TO the present, just
announced goal Of six such units,
all from the National Guard.
To help quiet congressional
critics. Mr.. Mcnamara and the
administration have accepted a
limit Of 100000 men as a total for
the Army reserve and Guard
instead OF $4,000 as proposed
earlier.
Additionally, Mr.. Mcnamara
abandoned his plan 10 close is
National Guard armories, agreed
TO add units the Governors said
they needed for possible help dur
ing natural disasters and provided
that the headquarters stats OF the
four Guard and four reserve divi-
sions which are being "realigned"
would be retained. assuring in the
process billets for a number Of
generals and colonies.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-09
BY JOHN J. KARCH
Contributing Writer

Extraordinary rumbles Of dis
cord can be heard across the iron
curtain" President Kennedy said
before Congress last January. This
was after the 22nd Soviet Party
Congress, held in October, 1861, at
which Party Leader Nikita Khru-
shchev publicly denounced
Stains cult of personality"
Mr.. Khrushchev declared that
Stain permitted abuses Of
power" that thousands of alb
solutely innocent people had per-
ished" during his time. and that
many party leaders, statesmen,
and military leaders lost their
lives" Brought into the open was
Moscow's rift with Communist
China and Albania.
The Discrimination" cam
paign included the removal of
Stains body from the Mauso-
leum, the renewed denunciation
Of the "anti-party" group Of
Molotov, Kaganovich and Ma
lenkov, and remaining Of place
names of districts, cities (for ex-
ample, Volgograd for Stalingrad) I,
towns, collective farms, and en-
terpriseS.
With the obvious exception of
Albania, all of the Eastern Eur
opean regimes sided with Mr..
Khrushchev and denounced the
"Stalinists" and the cult Of per-
sonality." What progress has now
been made in the satellites
toward discrimination to which
all the regimes had pledged2
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-09
Economy:
Remedies

The Labor Department re-
ported last week that the I'M
employment rate rose in No
vember to 5.8 per cent from
the SIS figure Of October. The
Commerce Department said in
dustry plans TO reduce Its
spending for new plant in the
first quarter Of 1868.
The rather stagnant state Of
the national economy has been a
concern Of the administration,
businessmen and labor leaders for
many months.
President Kennedy has taken
moderate measures in an effort to
speed up our growth in this area.
At his urging, Congress passed
the. most liberal trade bill in his
tory and approved a bill subsi-
dizing up to 7 per cent Of indus
try's expenditures for new plant.
Depreciation rules were liberal
lied, Government spending was
speeded UP, the jobless were given
extra benefits and many were re-
trained. Still the economy won't
move forward" as the President
pledged IL would,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-09
CZECHOSLOVAKIA

The epithets most characters
tic Of the Prague regime have
been THE model Satellite" and
more Stalinist than Stain" 1t
has been the most reluctant to
de-Stalinize.
Following the congress Party
Secretary Antonin Novotny adj
mitted that in Czechoslovakia
legality was violated and
abused" But this was during the
1a48-53 period. he pointed out,
and the onus was placed on Ru-
dolf SlanSky, who was hanged in
1852. The victor in that intra-
party struggle was Element Gott-
valid. President and party leader
until his death in 1858.
Novotny admitted that the per-
sonality cult began to appear"
in Gottwald's activities but, he
fastened to add, despite his
faults and shortcomings Gott-
valid will keep his place in the
history Of the party" Moreover
the Soviet Party organ Pravda
silenced all speculation by saying
that Gottwald was an outstand-
ing revolutionary. And, as one,
his remains were transferred on
October 9 from the mausoleum
to the national memorial along
side other Outstanding revolu-
tionary fighters" Present at the
ceremony was the Politburo. Mu-
steal renditions opened with the
national anthem, followed by
March Of the Fallen Revolu-
tionaries," and ended with the
"Internationale."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-09
World Opinion

On the international from I,
both Picking and New Delhi are
trying TO mobilize world opinion
on their side. A key voice in the
dispute is Moscow. which up to
steps OF support the Chinese. Last
cease-fire but has not taken any
stes TO support the Chinese. Last
week, Mr.. Nehru said that Russia
would send It's scheduled MIG
fighters TO India and build two
MIG plants.
These planes will be a minor
contribution in comparison with
the large amounts Of aid India
expects TO receive from the Unit
ed States and Great Britain. But
even token Soviet support is well
coined by Mr.. Nehru. He feels
that as long as Moscow helps
him. II will not turn against him.
And as long as he receives con-
crete aid from both power blocs,
he can still argue that India fol-
lows a policy OF "non-alignment."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-09
35-Hour Week

Big Labor is not seeing the i'm
pact, either. The higher jobless
figures provoked q new call for
the 35-hour week from George
Meany, president Of the AFL-CIO.
This increase is symptomatic
Of the very real and continuing
disease which affects our econ
omy," he said:
Serious as the unemployment
problem remains, the news Of
lower planned capital expendi-
lures by business perhaps causes
greater pain within the admin
istration. Such spending is con-
sidered a major element In the
performance of the national eco
nomic growth rate.
President Kennedy rejected the
advice Of some Of his advisers TO
try TO push a personal and cor
poration income tax through Con-
gress last summer. He preferred
10 wait until the January and
present the new Congress with a
tax cut-tax reform plan In one
package.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-09
Continued From Page B-1

Continued From Page B-1
nese. He indicated that he was
eager to talk with the Chinese on
ways to reduce tensions.
The Indians have no real need
for the Ladakh area, but do have
a vital interest in the northeast,
the gateway to the tea and oil
areas of Assam. Thus, the first
basis for a compromise already
exists-a swap of a small piece
of land In the northwest for q
Chinese guarantee Of the north
east.
This might be acceptable from
Q strategic point Of view but this
is impossible for New Delhi po-
litically. Under present condi-
tons. any ceding Of Indian
claimed land would bring down
the Nehru government. or so
weaken it as to invite political
chaos.
Another difficulty faces India
regarding its forthcoming talks
with Pakistan on the Kashmir
dispute. Pakistan apparently be-
lieves that with India preoccupied
with China 1t may be more will
ing to yield to Pakistani demands.
The Indians object to this inter-
probation, and 1t is likely that
long. hard talks may be necessary
before agreement is reached.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-09

Gomulka listed the millions Of
peasants who were victimized dur
ing the imposition of the kolk-
hozes collective FARMS. The Pol
ish leader went beyond Khru-
shchev's revelations and, signifi-
cantly, MoScow's Pravda carefully
censored his speech.
However, in Poland, Gomulka
indicated Discrimination had al
ready been achieved when the ex-
ternal forms of Stalinism were
eradicated.
Four years ago Warsaw erased
Stains name from the street
signs Of the famous Ujazdowskie
avenue, and Stalinogorod reverted
to Katowice, the industrial city
in Upper Silesia. And, Of course,
Warsaw is the only Communist
ruled capital which never had a
statue of Stain in its streets. BY
1859 the extremists - revision
lists" and "Stalinists" = were
crushed. However to what extent
will freedom be allowed in Poland?
The relative liberalism enjoyed
by the intelligentsia has been
controlled within certain bounds
beyond which Gomulka will not
tolerate it. 1t has been a kind
of carrot and stick tactic in OPP
Grafton. Between the Poznan
strike in June, 1856, until the be-
ginning Of 1857 the press enjoyed
almost complete freedom but since
early 1857 the party has exercised
increasingly more exacting con-
troll. Some officials-Premier Cy-
rankiewicz for example - have
continued to hold high positions
and others identified with the
Stalinist period have returned.
Rights granted to the workers in
1867 have been largely with
drawn, officials continually vio-
late the church-State agreement
and generally the regime pursues
policies that are basically those of
the other regimes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-09
On Tax Cut

There have been recent rum
blings that the administration is
now prepared TO separate the tax
cut from the reform proposals
and submit the former 10 Con-
gress first. The unhappy economic
news Of the last week undoubt-
eddy will make such q move more
popular In administration circles.
II might also make Congress more
agreeable TO a speedy action on
a tax reduction.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-09

West Point on Wednesday, Dean
Acheson urged that the Western
nations get on with the task Of
strengthening their military, po-
litical and economic alliances.
AS part Of this theme, the
former Secretary Of State had
some sharp words to say about
the United States allies. His in
tent was to emphasize that alone.
each nation had visible weak
nesses. but together, there could
be great strength.
In Britain, his criticism Of that
proud little island received more
attention than his speech as a
whole, especially the lines, Great
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-09
Cuba: Troops
Must Go, Too

The last Of the Soviet H-2S
Jet bOmbers were shipped from
Cuba last week. Washington
pressed Moscow to evacuate the
10000 Soviet troops still in
Cuba.
There has been a pattern to
the Soviet-American dialogue on
Cuba.
No sooner has the United States
achieved one objective than 1t
concentrated its diplomatic fire
on another one. First the missiles,
then the Jet bombers, and last
week, some 10000 Soviet troops.
No one knows for sure what
the troops are doing in Cuba. In
fact. until their number became
public last week, most people
thought the only Russians in
Cuba were the technicians who
operated the intricate electronic
equipment.
So far, however, Premier
Khrushchev has agreed to all Mr..
Kennedy's demands except on
site inspection and most observ-
ers believe that the troops will
soon be aboard ship, too. The
troops have to eat and they have
to be clothed, and II reports from
Cuba are accurate, there Is less
food in Havana than in the
meat-short Soviet cities. Most
likely, the troops we're sent to
Cuba originally to man the mis-
siles and act as their support
columns.
Mr.. Khrushchev repeatedly has
promised TO send the troops
home. II is not unlikely that he
has not had the ships available
they've been busy sending mis-
siles and then the Jet bombers
home.
The Russians, however, have
not carried out their agreement
on on-site inspections. They say
Fidel Castro won't allow IL, and
that they can't force him. WASH
ington doubts that Havana is
telling Moscow what TO do, but
is not overly concerned about
this.
AS long as no on-site inspec-
ton is permitted, Washington
does not have TO promise any
thing about guaranteeing Cas-
tro's safety. The overflights by
American planes as well as checks
at sea have provided Washington
with just about-if not more
all the information II needs about
the state Of Cuban arms. Checks
at sea last week confirmed that
all the known Jet bombers were
aboard ship-l0 days before the
expiration OF Mr.. Khrushchevs
promised deadline.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-09

mittee which is particularly in
terested in the reorganization,
said in midweek that the Nc
Namara plan contained "signifi-
cant" changes which meet his
groups criticisms and recommen-
dations.
The Defense Secretary has the
authority to order the changes
in the Army reserve program into
effect at once and he has done
so. But he cannot alter a States
National Guard without the APP
proval Of the Governor, although
he has many ways to exert pres
sure. Some Governors are not
happy with the new plan because
they feel their States may be ad-
yersely affected,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-09
The National Scene

reorganization Of the Army re-
serve and National Guard.
The Mcnamara plan was first
presented by President Kennedy
in message to Congress in May,
1861. 1t ran into heavy congress
sional and State house. opposition.
But time, events and a deci-
sion to make compromises to meet
a number of major objections by
the plans foes dictated changes
in 1t.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-09
BULGARIA

Party Chief Todor Zhivkov
criticized "the errors and erro-
neous methods" Of Stalinist
Vulko Chervenkov whom the
Central Committee expelled from
the Politburo for not assisting in
the liquidation Of the cult Of per-
sonality.
Chervenkov. at 81, was a Deputy
Premier, from which he was also
deposed, and former leader dur
ing the Stalinist period. He was
Prime Minister from 1850 until
April, 1856, and he led the party
during four of those years. Cher
venkov may have been the leader
of influential pro-Peiping Stain
lists who, Zhivkov said, are OPP
posed to discrimination.
Zhivkov announced that the
names Of all objects" which bear
Stains name should be changed
to wipe out the remains Of the
personality cult. Accordingly the
highest mountain peak. lakes,
bays, meteorological stations,
dam, power plants, industrial es-
adjustments, education insti-
tutes and streets were renamed.
and memorials to Stain were re-
moved. Last August the party
ordered the national anthem de-
Stalinized; it contains the pas
sage The great sun of Lenin and
Stain by its rays has enlightened
our way"
In the National Assembly cleo
tons last February no basic
change from the previous elec-
tons was evident. The typical
Communist-type ballot received
the practicable 500 per cent vote.
Stalinism continues and was one
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-09
THE INTERNATIONAL SCENE

Most British officials, however,
were not shocked or angered. Mr..
Acheson said only what they have
been saying for years. Britain
alone cannot claim to be a world
power.
. That is why Great Britain is
presently engaged in crucial
Common Market talkS-even at
the cost of certain Commonwealth
interests.
Britain's shaky position as all
independent power was further
nighlighted by reports from
Washington that the Pentagon
was considering dropping the
Skybolt balliStic missile system.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-09

capable Of being carried by Brit
aims own Vulcan bombers. The
Juror over the Skybolts Is sure to
revive the question of whether
Britain should have its own in
dependent strike force, or should
rely totally on the United States
or some future European COM
mand.
And as a final annoyance to
the British government, Philip
pine-led rebels tried to overthrow
the British colony of Brunei yes
terday. This colony in Borneo is
claimed by the Philippines but
the British plan to turn it over
to the Federation of Malaysia,