davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-12
Pros and Cons of Freer Trade Principle

larger than the higher-level
ones we might succeed in
emptying the former as the
latter came up only slightly.
To those who would deny
that the example is ana
Joyous to the international
competitive situation, it need
only be asked what they
think would happen if we ex-
pose the workers who average
well over 50 per hour in this
country to the wares of for
eign producers who pay from
Is to IS cents per hour, TAX
ing into full account the
great rise in productivity
achieved abroad as a result
of the installation of from
$40 to $50 billion worth Of
modern machinery and equip
ment shipped to them from
this country in the past IL
years. Our productivity lead
has shrunk; but not so the
wage gap.
The restrictive trade pol
icy" that I suggest arises not
from fear but from ordinary
good sense and consists Of no
more than cushioning the
impact produced by bring
ing economies of disparate
levels together. This can
not be done in five years.
In this country it took 90
years for the cotton textile
industry to move from New
England to the Southland.
The migration may not yet
be complete. Two observa-
tions may be made: ~ The
economic disparity in point
Of wage levels was not as
great between New England
and the South as between the
United States and outside
competitors, and (2) Even so,
New England suffered dis
tress over the move. Had it
been undertaken in five years
time it would have produced
the "cataclysmic results" that
I mentioned as supervening
if we should do what is pro-
posed in the new trade bill.
Harmonious relations
among the Western powers
far from being enhanced
would be eroded.
Mr.. Bait would shy away
from the weakening crutch
of Government protection"
What would he say of mini
mum wage laws as a means
Of taking sweatshop wages
out Of competition, the out
lawry Of child labor for the
same purpose, ETC.? We can
not legislate for other coun-
tries. The only way to check
unfair import competition
and to assure fairness is
through tariffs and quotas.
Seen in this light "restric-
tive trade policies" would lib
crate domestic capital for
investment and rising en-
ployment in this country
rather than sending it over
seas to low-wage Ravens for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-12
Integroted Cabinet

President Kennedy has
chosen to open the 1862
campaign by recklessly play
ing politics with Americas
most touchy and serious in
ternal problem, the racial
issue. Because he has chosen
a Negro, DR.. Robert Weaver,
to head his proposed Depart
ment Of Urban Affairs he
feels free to yell "anti- Negro"
at any forces opposed to the
new department. Despite the
fact that the great majority
Of those opposing it have
stated with clarity on many
occasions that their stand
is based on merit alone-not
racial ground-the President
is determined to cajole the
opposition by dangling DR..
Weaver's race as a carrot on
a stick before their noses.
This is a serious insult to
DR.. Weaver and to the at
tempts being made at pres
ent by the members Of his
race to better themselves in
this Nation. The President
easily found room for filial
nepotism in the Attorney
General post and will shortly
have q vacancy in the Cab
met when HEW Secretary
Ribicoff returns home to run
for the Senate. A Negro
could ably serve in either of
these posts. However. it now
appears that one will come
to the Cabinet only when
the greatest amount of po-
litical juice has been squeezed
out OF his appointment.
n A-kL~ As
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-12
LETTERS TO THE STAR

agencies and recommend to
Congress amendments to the
licensing laws that will bring
these private agencies into
line with some Of the States
who have established high
ethical standards for the OPP
Grafton Of fee-ch arging
agencies.
Fred z. Hetzel,
Director, U. s. Employment
Service for the District of
Columbia.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-12
Job AqencyP Policy


The recent letter by Mar
tin Buxbaum, entitled Job
Agency R acket." merits
further Qualification lest
public employment services
be confused in the public
mind with private or fee
charging agencies.
Since 1888 the Federal
Government has maintained
a nationwide network of 1900
public employment offices
known as the United States
Employment Service and the
affiliated State services. The
primary objective of this
agency to the public is to
provide the machinery for
matching idle workers with
untitled jobs. In other words,
the public employment serv-
ices coordinate the job-seek-
ing activities Of the workers
with the employment needs
of the employers, within a
given community. There are
no fees or charges of any sort
assessed against the job ap-
plicant or the employer for
this service.
Not all of the fee-charging,
private employment agencies
in the District of Columbia
are guilty of the abuses out
lined in Mr.. Buxbaum's let
ter. Some of these agencies
are operated with integrity
on a high-level plane. They
suffer from the ill-repute
which the less conscientious
have brought to the industry.
Laws of the District regu-
lating the operation of pri-
vate fee-charging agencies
are VIGOROUSLY lax. The Dis
trict Commissioners might
well make a study Of the
practices of some of these
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-12
COLOMBIA, A

COLOMBIA, A Contempt
rary Political Survey by
John D. Martz. 1874 DID.
University of North Caro-
lima Press; $3.50.
1t has become increasingly
obvious that as time goes
by our attention is going to
turn more and more to the
nations to the south of us.
1t Is just as obvious that
our knowledge of these ma
lions Is at best woefully in
adequate and at worst made
up of ideas that are mostly
wrong.
And so reliable books about
the countries of South Amer
lea serve a pressing current
need. Whatever inherent
value they may possess is
accordingly enhanced.
Colombia" by John D.
Martz Of the University of
North Carolina, is an aca-
demic work in the decorative
sense Of the term. Its docu-
mentation is thorough al
most to the point of carica-
ture and its style, while not
complex, Is discouragingly
1nsipid. But it is careful, ap-
parently accurate and
thorough about selected areas
of contemporary Colombian
politics.
MIR. MARTZ begins with
a brief survey of elements
of national life" He tells us
that this was originally "a
lengthy section that was
substantially reduced .. on
the advice Of readers of the
first draft" These readers
doubtless were experts who
found themselves making
their way through a familiar
landscape, and their counsel
has done the general reader
a considerable disservice.
For Mr.. Martz' emphasis
is on politics, as his sub
title tells us, and he defines
the word to center on the
complex maneuvers of parties
and party factions. But these
events draw their significance
largely from the background
against which they are played
and which they seek to in
fluence. While Mr.. Martz
tells us that much of that
lost lengthy section" has
been transferred to the main
body of the narrative, the
background remains at most
Zig thy and tentatively
sketched.
The story begins in Au-
gust, 1916, when Mariana
Ospina Perez became the first
Conservative President Co.
lombia had had in 16 years.
There follows a careful and
most interesting discussion
of the bogotazo, the great
outburst of violence of April
9, 1913.
Colombian politicians re-
sponded with a National
Union coalition government,
a procedure that had a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-12
ACCRA. Ghana

ACCHA, Gnana.
A violent and possibly de-
cisive showdown over Portu-
gals African possessions is
brewing ominously today.
The prospect of a concerted
military move by several Afri-
can states against one or
more Of these Portuguese
territories is being taken SER
iously in certain Western
quarters here. Some, indeed,
believe that a repetition of
midas attack on Goa may
be imminent, with implica-
lions for Africa, Portugal and
NATO that are only too OBJ
vious.
If an attack is launched,
the most likely target is the
small enclave Of Portuguese
Guinea, squeezed at the tip
of Africa's western bulge be-
tween the Republic Of Guinea
and Senegal. BY its size and
location, Portuguese Guinea
Is far more vulnerable to
outside attack than the vast
Portuguese possessions of
Angola and Mozambique to
the south.
Nevertheless, plans also I'M
doubleday exist for direct mil
itary action against Angola.
At the United Nations last
month, Tell Daillo, the Gui-
mean delegate warned bluntly
that If the U. N. continued to
ignore its responsibilities,
1.-THE governments of the in
dependent states of Africa
will have no other recourse
than to consider concerted
action for the defense Of the
vital interests of their Afri-
can fatherland so gravely
thwarted in Angola"
In fact. even before Mr..
Daillo spoke his warning, the
plan for concerted action was
already under active consid-
GRAFTON. As long ago as last
April the so-called "Khatib
Plan" for the liberation of
Portuguese Africa was going
the rounds Of nationalist cir
cleS.
Calls for Meeting
Named for the Moroccan
minister for African affairs.
the Khatib Plan calls for an
Afro-Asian summit meeting
for the sole purpose of dis
cussing the question of
Portuguese colonies. The
meeting would draw up a
timetable for complete de-
colonization. If this time
table were ignored by Lisbon
AS most nationalist leaders
confidently expect - an
African expeditionary force
would be formed under the
high command of the Casa
blanca powers Guinea.
Ghana. Mali, Morocco.
Egypt and the provisional
Algerian government to sup
port militant nationalist
movements in the Portuguese
colonies.
Recent indications are that
the moment is drawing near.
A meeting in mid-January
OF the CNOPC in Rabat
Evening star., 1962-09-11

because of recent anti-Castro
developments in Washington.
This is not the first time
that such a device has been
used by the Soviet Union. In
the closing months of the
Eisenhower administration Pre-
mier Khrushchev personally
threatened on more than one
occasion to use Soviet rockets
against the United States If
this country committed aggres-
sion against Cuba.
Today's statement thus re-
opened an old theme in Rus
sian-American relations.
What may be significant
about it now. however, is that
it seems to mark a further de-
cline in the American-Soviet
relationship already heavily
strained by such events as the
unsuccessful efforts to find a
settlement for the Soviet
Western dispute over Berlin.
One hint that Mr.. Khrush-
Evening star., 1962-09-11
Voters Service
Bureau Opened
By Republicans

The Republicans formally
opened a Voters Service Bu-
reau at 1922 U street NV.
today.
In remarks scheduled to be
delivered at a ceremony late to-
day, William e. Miller, @. o. P.
national chairman, said the bu-
reau viii serve as a model for
similar Republican centers in
other parts Of the country.
I'VE intend to carry the
g. o. P. message Of equal op-
portunity, social justice, fiscal
responsibility and peace with
honor into every American
home" he said.
Evening star., 1962-09-11
2ShipsSheIIed,
Cuba Claims

KEY WEST, Fla, Sept. IL
(AP).-Havana Radio said to-
day a Cuban freighter and a
British cargo ship have been
attacked by what the broadcast
labeled a pirate ship.
No mention was made of
casualties or the extent of
damage.
The broadcast. monitored in
Key West, said the ships
were fired on off the northern
coast of Cuba, but did not
specify the time.
The Cuban vessel, identified
as the San Pascual, was hit 18
times and eight shots whistled
through the crews cabin, the
radio said. The British ship,
whose name sounded like New
Land" took Is hits, the Ha-
vana account said.
Destination Unknown
The British vessel may have
been the Trafalgar Steamship
Co.'S sugar cargo freighter
Newlane. In London, Trafalgar
said the Newlane left Havana
last night under charter. The
company said it did not know
the 7,043-ton ships destina-
ton because the charter had
been arranged by its agents for
the Caribbean area.
Havana Radio said the Cuban.
vessel was carrying q load of
molasses, the British freiellter
a load Of sugar for Socialist
countries.
Calling the alleged incident
"a cowardly attack against the
Cuban government" the broad
cast said a second British ship
with a name which sounded
like Apple Sultan"--escaped
the attack because it was de-
layed in reaching the area.
In Wake of Smelling
The radio did not elaborate
on its designation Of the al
legged attacker as a pirate ship.
The report came in the wake
Of an offshore shelling Of Ha-
vana August "a by anti Castro
Cubans. The youth who led
the August "a attack said last
week that ships with Commu-
mist flags would be considered
military targets. Juan Manuel
Salvat, the attack leader, made
that statement to newsmen in
Caracas, Venezuela.
Evening star., 1962-09-11
By JoHNM. HIGHTowER

oee@~@-s~N = ANS9e 1N@~~ "N%N~@
Russia's latest nuclear war
warning today reads more like
a statement to bolster the
morale Of the Fidel Castro gov
ernment in Cuba than to In
timidate the United States.
Whatever view Moscow and
Washington may take. Mr..
Castro and his followers may
be seriously worried about the
possibility Of some new. strongly
supported invasion attempt
now that they are openly taking
Soviet military assistance.
But in the circumstances
some such statement as that
which the Moscow government
issued today would be welcomed
in Hanava. It might very well
have been asked by Havana
Evening star., 1962-09-11
Ring of Arms Guards
Havana From Foe

Iyond the fence Russians sought
the cool shade Of trees.
Correspondents driving along
Cuba's northwestern coast
Sunday counted at least so un-
marked, Soviet-made trucks
driving in conveys. At the
wheel Of each vehicle sat a
young Russian. Some wore
sports shirts-mostly checkered
and brownish in color. Others
wore navy-blue slipovers with
a V-neck opening.
Cyclists Leave Convoy
Two conveys, coming from
the harbor Of Bahia Honda,
were led by Cuban police on
motorcycles. The trucks were
similar to those seen at Camp
Torrens, a former boys re-
formatory. where scores OF
young Russians are billeted
near a considerable number OF
communications vehicles.
The trucks were all painted
dark green, carried no license
plates and had no markings.
Two young Cuban soldiers
said some Of the Russians
speak some Spanish" They as
serted that new artillery
equipment recently brought to
Cuba ''is completely different
from what we had before" /"
Otherwise they remained tight
Tipped, hugging submachine
guns close to their chests as
they rode in the back seat of a
car.
In Havana militiamep and
women stood guard at the en-
trance Of most large buildings,
armed with the compact Czech
burp gun that has almost be-
come a symbol Of the revolu-
ton: la Metralleta." Posters
on office bulletin boards warned
the Yankees: IF they come,
they stay"
Should they" choose not to
come and ''if the Yankees can't
live 80 miles away from q
socialist country, let them
move"
Evening star., 1962-09-11
BY GEORGE ARFELD
Associated Press Staff Writer

HAVANA, Sept. ia veri-
table ring of fire now surrounds
Havana, following the current
bolstering Of Cuban defenSes
prompted by what government
officials term Yankee aggres-
sive tactics"
East of Havana, across the
entrance to the bay, a rolling
meadow separating the naval
hospital from La Cabana fort
ress bristles with antiaircraft
artillery. Similar batteries en-
placed on nearby Moro Castle
have been reinforced with
radar aiming devices.
Driving west, along the sea-
side Malecon drive, one sees
young gunners manning can
non on the front lawn Of the
Hotel Nacional. A few minutes
farther on, more guns poke
their barrels seaward, where
the Almendares River flows
into the Gulf of Mexico.
To the south. behind the
residential Cubanacan district,
antiaircraft batteries are
manned around the clock, only
minutes from parking lots
crammed with newly arrived
Russian jeeps and trucks.
West Of Havana, at the Bar
lovento yacht marina, long
barreled cannon mounted on
wheels point seaward. Detec-
ton equipment is nearby. This
battery Is emplaced near
homes housing young students.
Concrete Wall
Farther west lies Mariel. a
picture postcard port, nestled
deep inside a palm -fringed
bay. Here an entire pier has
been curtained off by a 10-foot,
concrete block wall, topped
with barbed wire. Watchtowers
rise above the four corners.
Beyond the walled-off area
some 20 young Russians
splashed in the bay. They
waved at passing cars and one
of them picked up a camera
and snapped q picture Of a
relatively new European car.
Farther down the main
highway a picturesque area
dubbed "Cayo Key Lenin" is
ringed by a wire fence. Cuban
servicemen armed with Czech
guns keep a sharp lookout. Be-
Evening star., 1962-09-11
INTERPRETIVE REPORT T--------------
Warning Meant to Aid Cubo

chev intends to keep the new
round Of angry argument with
in bounds. however, came in
reference to Berlin.
The statement, referring to
the forthcoming United States
congressional elections, said
the Soviet government is will
ing to take the United States
political situation into account
in considering its own Berlin
policies.
q. s. Avoids Troop Use
Some congressional critics Of
the administrations Cuban
policy have called openly for
the use Of force against Castro.
a fact Of which Mr.. Khrush-
chev and Mr.. Castro are OBJ
viously well aware. Neverthe-
less the record Of the Kennedy
administration going back to
last years abortive invasion
has been one Of avoiding in
volvement of United States
troops in q direct attack on ?
Cuba-obviously because the. .
administration fears q costly
breach in the United States
good neighbor relations should :
such a thing occur.
While Mr.. Khrushchev is
assumed here to understand
that Berlin is a far more Sc
rious source of danger than,
Cuba, it is not surprising that
Mr.. Castro would see his own
country as a potential source
of nuclear war and as q prob
able target of attack by the
United States.
In a statement which came
out about the same time as the
blast from Moscow, Mr.. Castro
said members of the American
Congress are bandits and Cuba
has been forced to take extra
ordinary defense measures. He
apparently sees a strong link
between Mr.. Kennedy's action
in asking standby authority to
call military reservists and
scattered demands in Congress
for the use of troops to smash
Castroism.
Evening star., 1962-09-11

ures to mobilize its armed
forces and is preparing for ag-
gression against Cuba and
other peaceloving states, the
Soviet government would like
to draw attention to the fact
that one cannot now attack
Cuba and expect that the ag-
Igressor will be free from pun
ishment for this attack. If this
attack Is made, this will be the
beginning Of the unleashing OF
war.
Evening star., 1962-09-11

Their responsibility has
into an instrument Of interna
he declared in an early morn
ing television address.
He quoted Congressman as
referring to Cuba as a peril 90
miles from the shores of the
United States. He asked If his
nation has not the same right
to brand the United States q
peril at an equal distance.
"They talk in terms Of their
security" he roared. "Ah, and
perhaps our security doesn't
count"
He said all Cuba's intentions
are peaceful.
No Masters Of World"
"We don't constitute q peril
Of aggression for anyone" he
said. "They talk as If they
were masters Of the world, they
talk as if they were owners Of
this continent. We don't un-
derstand this language"
Without specifically men,
tioning the Soviet arms build
up which has alarmed United
States leaders, Mr.. Castro de-
clared Cuba has been forced
to take extraordinary defense
measures Ito guarantee our
security"
The prime minister addressed
the closing session of a con-
ference Of municipal educa-
tional council at the Chaplin
theater. 1t was one, of the tar
gets of the August "a shelline
of Havana by a small band OF
anti Castro Cuban exiles. How
ever, the bearded leader made
no reference to the attack.
"Our reply to the threats OF
the government of the United
States and the hysterical ex-
hortations Of its senators to
attack our people is thiS-the
leaders Of this revolution are
ready to die beside our people, /"
he shouted.
Pledges No Retreat
"We win not retreat, we will
not vacillate, we will stand
firmly and we are able to pro-
claim serenely that we are
ready to die at our posts"
Mr.. Castro was interrupted
several times by chants OF
Cuba sill Yankee mol" And
"Give it to the Yankees hard!'
Let the shark make no mis-
take" he said, because this
time it could be the sharks
last mistake"
This was a reference to q
book, "The Shark and the Sar-
dines," written by ex-Presideni
Juan Jose Arevalo Of Guate.
mala. 1t deals with the United
States Latin American policies
depicting this country as a de-
vouring shark and the Latin
nations as sardines.
"The invasion Of Cuba by
Evening star., 1962-09-11

military forces would place the
United States among vulgar
delinquents," Mr.. Castro de-
.clared. "Its act would not differ
at all from the act of Hitler
when he attacked Poland.
ITO promulgate an invasion
of Cuba is nonsense, an in
sanity. In addition, the talk
Of a Cuban invasion has be-
come a demagogue's slogan on
the eve of the elections"
The broadcast was monitored
in Key West.
Evening star., 1962-09-11

such a base is not needed since
Soviet nuclear weapons can
reach any place on earth and
aid can be given to any coun-
try on earth directly from the
territory Of the Soviet Union.
"At the request Of the Cuban
government, and in response to
continued threats" the state
ment said, "the Soviet Union is
delivering to Cuba a certain
amount Of ornaments.
Cuban statesmen have asked
the Soviet Union also to send
military specialists and tech
.nicians to teach Cubans how
to master modern weapons.
Cuba does not possess such
experts"
Agricultural Workers !.
1t said "the number of Soviet
military experts does not COM
pare with the workers in agri-
cultural industry sent there" :
The statement did not specify
what types of ornaments were
being sent, but insisted they
were only for defense.
1t said it was not Cuban arms
which threatened the United
States.
"The revolutionary spirit is
what you are afraid Of. not
military means" the statement
said.
Warning against any sort of
aggression, the statement de-
clared that "only a madman
would think that it would be
hard only on the people who
were attacked"
This war would be 100 times
more dangerous than other
wars" it said. "and it would
bring to the people of the
United States not less, but per-
haps greater hardships than to
the country attacked"
Evening star., 1962-09-11
Lost Spanish Miners
End 3-Week Strike

OVIEDO, Spain, Sept. II
(AP).-The last 900 of more
than $4,000 striking Asturian
coal miners returned to work
today, ending the stoppage that
began three weeks ago. The
strike began with demands OF
some workers for Saturday
afternoons off.
Evening star., 1962-09-11
Castro Calls Members
Of Congress Bandits

KEY WEST, Fla, Sept. II (AP).-Prime Minister Fide
Castro today called members United States Congress
bandits and pirates and said they have turned
election political football
Their hresponsibty has converted the problem of
into instrument Of internal politics the United States"