davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-04
THE U-2 AFFAIR
Powers Felt Odd Anxiety

to the letter and he was doing
so that day. But he was I'M
der an inexplicable anxiety that
he had not felt on his previous
flights.
After arriving in Peshawar
with about twenty members of
the supporting crew, Powers
and another U-2 pilot had been
subjected to a routine preflight
psychological examination. The
prime ingredient of a success
full overnight was a pilots
confidence in himself, his
plane, and his equipment. The
test was to determine who
would make the overnight and
who would fly a decoy mission
along the Soviet border and
back to Turkey. The two men
had been awakened three and
a half hours before takeoff,
served breakfast, and given
their assignments. Powers was
told he was to make the over
flight.
Later. Allen w. Dulles, direc-
tor of the CHA, studied the re-
suits of the psychological tests
and decided that, had he been
the agent on the scene, he
would not have sent Powers over
the Soviet Union that day.
Dulles realized that some w.
pilots were worried about the
See U-2, Page ALL
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-04
BY DAVID WISE and
THOMAS B. ROSS

Now alone in his plane over
the Soviet Socialist Republic of
TadzikStan, Francis Gary Pow
erS was nervouSly throwing the
mission switches at the des-
ignated points on his map.
Below, the earth was covered
by thick clouds, as if all life
had been blotted out. Yet he
knew the Soviet Air Defense
Command would be alive with
activity. The United States
had been flying into Soviet air
space with impunity since the
end of World War II. Stripped
down B-36 bombers started
making short generations after
the war, and by 1850 the RIB
Al, a reconnaissance version of
the bomber, was conducting
scheduled intrusions. In one
twenty-four hour period seven
teen of them had been over the
Soviet Union.
The Russians made sporadic
protests, but more often they
maintained an indignant ST.
lence because they could do
nothing about it. The W.
brought back photographs of
Soviet fighters rising to the at
tack only to mush out hope
lessly before they reached the
exalted altitude of the BLACK
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-04
By RALPH McGILL

Editor of the Atlanta Constitution and Star Coumnis
ATLANTA, June f. -. Atlanta and
Georgia were going to church when the
news first began to come by press wires and
transatlantic telephone calls 1t was a
beautiful morning. Some of the humid
heat had fallen before scattered showers
in the night and a breeze which blew in
the first hours after dawn. The sky was
new-waShed blue. The towering clouds
moved slowly and serenely
In some homes there were cables which
had been received asking relatives and
friends to meet the chartered aircraft at
the Atlanta airport
Then came the news 1t was at first
trickle, then it was deluge.
At many churches prayers were held.
They were, in some instances the first
news the congregation had of the disaster
at dozen or more churches. Relatives
and close friends were assisted, weeping
from the sanctuary to be taken home to
comfort or be comforted
Everywhere people asked "why?"
1t was an awesome thing to be con-
fronted with the ancient truth that in the
midst of life we are in death.
1t is difficult enough fact to accept
when it is an isolated, personal one. When
it occurs in the mass as in battle, the
loss of a Titanic at sea, the wrenching
crash of steel trains, or the explosive,
flame wrapped smash of aircraft, the
Shock nf il is one which makes COM
munity grow silent and put its mind to the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-04
Stock Prices Lower,
Trend to Normal Seen

reaching the kind of Stabiliza-
ton that many stock techni-
clans expect.
The decline affected most
sections of the list. A scatter
ing of issues held their ground.
Most losses were fractional.
A drop of more than IS by Du
Pont dragged at the averages.
Also influential in that respect
were declines of more than 2 by
American Telephone. more than
a point by United States Steel
and a full point by Standard
Oil New Jersey.
Polaroid slipped more than SIS
while Xerox dropped 81.
Chrysler Down
Down about a point where
Chrysler, General Dynamics,
Westinghouse Electric. Royal
Dutch, Chesapeake g. Ohio,
Radio Corp, international
Nickel, and Liggett g. Myers.
On the American Stock Elk
change prices declined with
some losses fairly sharp. Trad
ing was quite active.
Corporate bonds were mixed
with rails edging up. u. S. Gov
eminent bonds were unchanged
to a shade higher in very quiet
trading.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-04
Jouhuud's Fate
Up to De GuuIIe

PARIS, June 4 (AP).-The
French Supreme Court today
rejected an appeal by counsel
for ex-Gen. Edmond Jouhaud,
No. 2 leader of the terrorist
Secret Army sentenced to death
for treason.
Only clemency by President
Charles de Gaulle can now save
him from execution.
Jouhaud's defense attorneys
had appealed to the Supreme
Court to review his sentence
and grant a new trial.
The 57-year-oId former air
force general was convicted of
being a leader in the terrorist
Secret Army and of having
participated in the abortive
generals revolt in Algiers in
April, 1861.
His chief, ex-Gen. Raoul
Salan, escaped with a life sent
ence in a verdict which en-
ragged Gen. de Gaulle.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-04
Congress 'Goofing off,
Says Cosh-Wory Gross

blingly asSented to by Mr..
Gross, that there would be no
roll-call votes because mem
bers were away from Washing
ton mending their political
fences or voting in primary
elections.
Observers figure that there
have been no more than so
actual House sessions this year
during which legislation could
be voted on.
At the salary rate of 500, 500
annually, House members have
been paid at the daily rate of
about $126 for each day they
have been in session this year,
regardless of whether business
was transacted.
That's a lot OF pay for such
a short work week and work
day." Mr.. Gross complained. !
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-04

lady of espionage"-as it was
called in their military jour-
mails.
But operating under a top
priority provoked by the U-2
flights, the Soviet Air Defense
Command had been making
significant advances in radar
detection and anti-aircraft
missilery. Now, berated by
Khrushchev for having failed
to bring down the previous w.
flight, they had locked on
Powers plane the moment it
crossed the border.
And, in turn, the United
States was tracking him on its
network of powerful radar sta
lions along the perimeter of the
Iron Curtain.
Powers was preoccupied by
the precise skills of his trade.
He was a first-rate pilot, a
superb navigator, and an ex-
ceptional photographer. He had
always followed his instructions
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-04
BY the Associated Press

Representative Gross, Repub-
lican of Iowa, accused his col
leagues today of "goofing off
and not earning their pay"
He cited statistics to back up
his grippe that Congress is dilly-
dallying and that up to now
this has been the most do
nothing session I have seen in
the IA years I have been here. "
From the time Congress con-
vened last January until the
end of May, the House had
been in session a total Of IA
days and the Senate 10. That's
an average of about IS work.
ing days per month. to use the
term working day" loosely.
On many of those days, there
we're House agreements. grum-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-04
ATLANTA'S SUNDAY
Grief Spreads Across City

business of trying to understand the swift
transition of more than 100 men, women,
and children from life to death.
They didn't really want to CO." some
one said. Her husband said he would be
damned if he would go across an ocean
with group planning to look at art gal
lerieS. She could go on, he said, and she
went. Now he blameS himself"
ut was such cheap way to go to
Europe and they always had wanted to
go so they decided to go with the Art
Association members" said another
Il know three couples that did this
Their friends said, oh, come on, take some
of that money out of the bank, you old
Scrooge, you. Let's go see Paris before we
die You've heard the old saying, see
Paris and die. . ; Isn't it a macabre thing
that they should have said that-'see Paris
and die and now they are dead"
1t was busy day for priests and min
listers.
All Sunday afternoon they went about
Atlanta visiting homes where grief was.
There was not one who did not encounter
the sobping question, Why? Why? Why?"
The answer of one can be told. A
rector put his arms about a sobbing
woman. I'm the inscrutable mystery of life
and DEATH" he said gently, there is faith
or there isn't. Faith"is an assignment of
grief, though not of your sorrow. With
faith one can accept the painful reality of
loss, with faith one can accept the finality
of death. We are recreated, we live, we
die, we live again. In my Fathers house
are many mansions. If it were not so I
would have told you -
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-04

was no evidence of violence and
that the six were quiet, orderly
and polite. The opinion re-
iected she finding of the trial
judge that the mere presence
of Negroes in the white waiting
room was sufficient evidence of
a breach of the peace.
Two Got 3 Months
The would-be travellers all
received substantial sentences.
Two women who entered the
white waiting room we're each
sentenced to serve Is days in
jail and to pay a fine of $3.50
or serve another 80 days. One
of the men was given a 30-day
Jail term plus $3.50 fine or an
additional 80 days.
The other man IN the wait
ing room was sentenced to three
months in Jail and fined 5000
or an additional As days.
AS for the two men who did
not enter the station but were
convicted as principals, one was
sentenced to three months in
Jail and fined 5000 or an addi-
tional as days and the other
was sentenced to 80 days in
Jail and fined $500 Or an addi-
tional IS days.
In sentencing them. the
Louisiana judge said the sent
ences were motivated by the
courts desire ito do what il
can to maintain the relativel!
harmonious relationships in thi
community that have existed
in the past between the race
and to prevent incidents II
Shreveport that can have hardl
any other conclusion except tn
destruction of the relativel
J, See RIGHTS, Page A.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-04
Vocation Ships Visit
Only Communist Ports

BERLIN, June 4 (AP).-In-
formants report that ships TAX
ing East German vacationers
on cruises now make only Com
munist port calls, presumably
to limit the temptation to de-
feet. Earlier this year a num-
Der of East Germans jumped
ship at Tunis and CaSablanca.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-04
Greenland Has % 900

COPENHAGEN. Denmark,
June 4 (AP) The population
of Greenland, the worlds
largest island, increased by
one-fourth during the 1955-60
period to a total of 33,140, says
the government statistics de-
partment.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-04

NEW YORK, June 4 (AP).-
The stock market registered a
sharp dip in moderately active
trading early this afternoon as
prices went through an ex-
pected pull-back from their
best levels reached late last
week.
At / pm. the Dow Jones in
dustrial average was down 11.47
to 599.58.
Key stocks fell from frac-
lions to more than a point while
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-04

Woshineton's business bo-
rometer is decisiveIy infIu-
enced by fluctuations Of the
Federal poyroII. Government
poy hikes. Ioy-offs or hir-
ines effect Woshinetonion's
whether they ore Federal
employees or not.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-04

This is the second of IA articles con-
densed from the book. THE w
AFFAIR, which tells the story be-
hind the most explosive espionage
eose Of the 10th century. 9 Copy
right 1862, by Dovid Wise and
Thomos B. Ross. Published in New
York by Rondom House, Inc.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-04
Death Of 13Oin Paris Crash
Worst One-PIane Disaster
Most of Victims
From Atlanta
On Art Tour

PARIS, June 4 (ApJ.-The
grieving mayor of Atlanta ar
rived in Paris today to help
identify bodies of cultural lead
ears of his city, victims of the
worst single-plane disaster in
aviation history.
Mayor Ivan Allen set out soon
after an Air France jetliner
crashed as it took off yesterday
and burst into flame. A total of
100 persons we're killed-all 121
passengers. 8 crewmen and Air
Frances Atlanta agent.
Investigators studied reports
indicating the plane developed
some trouble as it roared down
the Orly Field RUNWAY for its
takeoff and the pilot tried I'M
successfully to brake to a halt.
All the passengers were
Americans and most were from
Atlanta and environs-members
of the Atlanta Art Association
en- route home with happy
memories and mementoes of a
three-week tour of European
art galleries and cultural sites.
Only 2 HOsteSseS Escape
Only two Air France hostesses
seated in the tail end Of the
big Boeing 707-were flung to
safety in the flaming crash at
Orly Field outside Paris. A
steward was pulled alive from
the flaming wreckage but died
in a hospital.
Mayor Allen hurried to in
spect the scene of the accident
Immediately after his arrival
in another Boeing TOT. He said
that along with Identification
of the bodies he would also ar
range for their transport home.
The mayor was accompanied
by Edwin Stern. assistant city
attorney of Atlanta. They were
met by officials of Air France.
Orly Airport, the Paris city
council, the Foreign Ministry
and the Ministry of Public
Works.
Pretty FRANCHISE Authie, one
of the hostesseS, said of the
crash: 1T was so fast, so sud-
den. didn't have time to
realize what going on"
Tried to Halt Plane
Witnesses said Capt. Roland
Hoche, one of Air Frances
most experienced pilots, ap-
parently tried frantically to
halt the airliner after engine
trouble developed as it roared
down the runway. but the
plane was going too fast.
The four-engine, $6 million
alrllner rose only a lew 1eeC, |
then plunged to the ground
and kept laundering ahead for
300 yards toward a cluster of
homes in a village bordering
the airfield.
Spouting flames, the Jet
smashed through a fence at
the end of the runway and
raced wildly over a rolling,
wooded slope before coming to
a halt at the doorsteps of
homes in the hamlet of Vile
neuve lie Roi.
The blast from exploding
fuel tanks startled the village
residents just sitting down for
See PLANE, Page AS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-04
Missile Blown Up as Attest Fails
Supreme Court Upsets
Conviction Of Riders
Votes II Without Hearing Arguments
To Clear 6 Sentenced OF Shreveport
BY MIRIAM GUTENBERG

The Supreme Court today reversed the convictions of
Negroes convicted breach the peace after
them entered bus station waiting reserved for white
people in Shreveport, La.
Neither the unsigned opinion the brief seeking high
court review specifically referred those
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-04

CoIumnist Joseph Youne's
column, THE FEDERAL
SPOTLIGHT. is first with the
news on whot the odminis-
trotion, Congress and Civil
Service ore doing for and
with the Federal empIoye.
In Today'S Star
Page A-2
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-04
Stock Tobles on Poee All

the volatile growth" stocks fell
more widely, International
Business Machines showing a
loss of about IL.
The ticker tape ran late but
It's worst lag was only 3 min
uteS compared with last weeks
maximum gap of 2 hours %
minutes between floor trans
actions and reporting on the
tape.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-04
House Group
Approves Bill
On Tariff Cuts
Mills Unit Backs
Kennedy Powers,
Rejects Substitute
By LEE M. COIN
Star Staff Writer

President Kennedy's tariff
bill was approved by the House
Ways and Means Committee
today.
The bill would give the Pres
ident unprecedented powers to
negotiate reductions of United
States tariffs in return for
concessions by foreign coun-
tries. and would authorize Gov
eminent aid to workers and
companies hurt by rising i'm
ports.
No basic changes were made
by the committee in the PreSi-
dents proposals for the Trade
Expansion Act.
Substitute Rejected
The committee today first
rejected by voice vote a Repub-
lican SubstituteU which would
have eliminated special aid to
workers and companies, and
then ordered Chairman Mills,
Democrat of Arkansas, to intro
duce the administrations bill
with amendments approved
during weeks of drafting Ses-
SionS.
The vote clearing the bill was
20-5 with the committees Is
Democrats being Joined by five
Republicans in favoring clear
ance. All the mo" votes were
cast by Republicans.
The bill would authorize the
President to reduce tariffs by
so per cent over five years.
Tariffs could be eliminated on
goods in some categories.
where the United States and
Europe's Common Market &C.
count for at least 80 per cent
OF world trade.
The measure would authorize
the President to reduce tariffs
on whole categories of goods
instead of requiring him to
bargain on an m-by Item
basis.
Trade Adjustment"
Instead Of relying primarily
on tariff increases to protect
American industries against
imports, the legislation in
PRODUCES the concept of trade
adjustment" The Government
would help refrain workers who
lost their jobs because of i'm
ports and increase their I'M
employment benefit payments.
Companies injured by rising
imports could obtain technical
assistance. loans and tax con-
ceSsions to help them adjust to
increasing foreign competition.
The House is expected to pass
the bill this month. The Senate
Finance Committee, begged
down with the administrations
tax legislation and other work,
is not expected to start hear
ings on the tariff bill until
about mid-July.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-04
JAZZ FESTIVAL
HAS BUSY CLOSE

THE JAZZ FESTIVAL closed
yesterday with q wide voriety Of
events ranging from gospel singing
to chomber music. For a review of
yesterdays activities. see Poee B-5.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-04

rTceuOm NlueIS Out The DTl6l
quoted them as saying they were
waiting for a bus to Jackson,
Miss. scene of the Freedom
Rider demonstrations last year.
The court acted without
hearing arguments in the case.
Referring to a previous deci-
sion in its first and only sit-in
; Justices Criticize Comments by
Stewart. Poqe As
case, the court said the only
evidence to support the charge
of a breach of the peace was
that those convicted were vio-
lating a custom that separated
people in waiting rooms accord
ing to race, "a practice not
allowed in interstate trans
portation facilities by reason of
Federal law"
Vote Is IL
In the sit-in decision, the
high court based its reversal on
the narrow ground that there
was no evidence to support the
conviction.
Justice Harlan said the
court should have heard argu-
ment on the case before acting
Justice Frankfurter, who is i'll
took no part. The courts vote
was thus I'll.
The courts two-page deci-
sion noted that four of the six
persons went into the white
waiting room and refused to &c
to the Negro waiting room
when approached by Shreve'
port police. The other twt
were arrested while sittinI
nearby in the car which hat
brought the six to the bus sta
ton.
The opinion noted that Their
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-04
Volume Drops Sharply

The sharp falloff in volume,
even from the moderating pace
of Friday, was a further sign
that the market may be return
ing to normal and possibly
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-04
Weather Forecast

District and vicinity Cloudy and cool to-
night. possibly with some drizzle, low about
Sc. Tomorrow partly cloudy and warmer
with chance Of afternoon Thunderstorm
ers. High, Y, at 3:15 pm. yesterday: low,
66, at 7:45 am. today.
Full Report on Pose 81
Evening star., 1962-03-30
ALGIERS
Continued From Page Al

Continued From Page Al
provincial regime, flew from
Paris in a French military
plane. Mr.. Fares went to the
fortified government head
quarters at Rocher Noir. 80
miles east of Algiers.
AS if timing it with his ar
rival, terrorists blew up a main
telephone cable, cutting all
calls to Europe.
Mr.. Fares heads the Alge-
rian- dominated 12-man board
that will run the North African
territory under the French
commissioner until the vote for
independence is held.
Algerian Rebel Premier ben
Youssef ben Khedda said in
Casablanca that the terrorist
campaign was faltering.
They are multiplying their
provocations but they have
failed" he said, thanks to the
calm of the Algerian people"
Mr.. ben Khedda told a news
conference the way will be clear
for cooperation between the
peoples of Algeria and France
when the "FasciStS of Algiers
and Oran are totally liqui-
dated"
Evening star., 1962-03-30
PouIing Accuses
U. S. of PUSHING
Armament Race

BERKELEY, Calf, Mar. 80
(AP).-Dr. Linus Pauling, No.
bel Prize-winning scientist OF
the California Institute OF
Technology, yesterday accused
the United States Government
of stepping up the arms race
DR.. Pauling, an outspoken op-
ponent of nuclear tests, ad-
dressed a crowded audience ot
the graduate students asSocia-
tion on the University of Cali
fornia campus.
He declared the current &C.
neva disarmament conference
holds mankind's only hope fo1
peace and survival, and added:
Il am opposed to unilateraI
diSarmament-and I fear the
militarist of the other country
But object to unilateral &C.
tion toward increasing the arms
race started by militarists ir
the United States"
DR.. Pauling derided fallout
shelters as "a crude deception
and form of militarism aimee
at lesSening opposition to the
arms race.
Evening star., 1962-03-30
Court to Trv
Ousted Syria
Criminals

DAMASCUS, Syria, Mar. 80
(AP)-Syria's top soldier saiG
today a peoples court will be
set up this week end to try
criminals Of the ousted Syrian
regime"
Maj. Gen. Abdel Karin Zah-
reddin, commander r-in-chief o1
the army. made this announce
ment in his first news confer
ence since a military coup Wed
nesday toppled the rightist gov
ernment Of President Nazem el
Koudsi and Premier Maarout
Dawalibi.
Gen. Zahreddin said the
court will be composed Of mill
tary and civilian members who
will be named by decree in the
next 48 hours.
In Beirut, capital Of neigh
boring Lebanon, it was esti-
mated 100 persons, including
Mr.. Dawalibi and three other
ex-Premiers, were under ar
rest.
Authoritative sources said
the other former government
chiefs held were Mamoun Kuz-
bari, Khalid el Azem and Sabri
ASSali.
Mr.. Ell Koudsi, the ousted
President. was reported to
have been freed after a brief
detention. According to one
source, he has returned to lis
native city Of Aleppo.
Evening star., 1962-03-30
FBI Chief Is Given
AMVETS Award

FBI chief j. Edgar Hoover
today was presented the
AMVETS Silver Helmet Amer
icanism award in recognition
of his contribution to crime
prevention and his devotion
to strengthening the American
way of life"
The award was made in Mr.
Hoover's office by AMVETS
past commanders Harold Rus
sell and Harold Berc. The
group voted the honor for Mr..
Hoover at it's 17th annual con-
vention last August in Louis
vile, KY.