davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-08-12
G. 0. p. Doubts

The projected program ran
into the immediate doubts of the
Republican leadership. Both
House Leader Halleck and Senate
Minority Leader Dirksen said it
couldn't be done. Mr.. Halleck
said some of it shouldn't be done.
Objects of his particular ire were
the feed grains control proposal,
the youth corps employment and
the public works authorization.
Both minority spokeSmen said
they hoped the Democrats were
right when they said they wanted
to close the session by September
Is but they were very doubtful.
Blame for the lack of showing
by the Congress was distributed
freely. Mr.. Halleck called it a
sorry session" and House lead
ers of both parties pointed the
finger at the slower moving Sen
ate for holding up things. Even
President Kennedy was indirectly
in the camp of the critics with
remarks at a press conference. a
week or two ago when he cited
the length of time legislation had
in clearing Senate committees.
Congress as celebrating body
offered during the week an ex-
ample of its pace. Action was
finally completed on a bill au-
thorizing a $170 million project
to bore a tunnel under the Rocky
Mountains and bring water from
the western slope of the CONT
mental Divide to the eastern
slope. It had passed the Sem
ate as early as the Eighty-third
Congress and had been before the
House, off and on, since 1858.
Evening star., 1962-08-12
Farm Debate

In the coming months, the
agricultural debate will dominate
the European scene. There are
MAJ. Englishmen who feel there
is no reason for Britain to worry
so much about the relatively
prosperous "old dominions." There
are many Europeans who feel
Britain's entry at all costs is i'm
portant for the eventual political
union of Europe.
The negotiations, of course.
have Importance beyond the
Market and Britain. If Britain
joins, it is a forgone conclusion
that the European neutrals-
Sweden, Switzerland. and Austria
will be allowed associate mon
politicaD membership. And If
England is accepted. it probably
will mean progress toward Presi-
dent Kennedy's conception of an
Atlantic Alliance.
The key to whether Britain
enters is probably held by Frances
Charles de Gaulle. He is known
to look obviously at Britain's
claims to being part of Europe.
He feels England looks first to
her Commonwealth, then to Amer
Tea, and finally to the Continent.
This could dilute the power of the
Market, Mr.. De Gaulle believes.
Evening star., 1962-08-12

The pairs general behavior was
enough to interest the New Zea-
land security men, apart from re-
ports they were receiving from
New Zealanders who had been
approached by the Russians.
Security was told that the Rus
slams were attempting to get
information on Western defense
secrets from businessmen by offer
ing commercial contracts as
bribeS.
Newspapermen reported to secu-
rity that money had been offered
for information on the same
subjects.
The prime objectives Of the two
Russians were, according to later
reports from New Zealand, to gain
secret information on:
. Australia's operations at the
Woomera Rocket Range in South
Australia.
. Royal Navy and United States
Navy anti-submarine devices.
Q The United States nuclear test
series at Johnston Island.
The New Zealand Prime Minis
ter interrupted a budget debate in
the House Of Representatives to
announce that the Russian pair
had been expelled.
THE removal of these two off,
cials was requested because they
had been engaged In espionage"
Mr.. Holyoake told the House.
Evening star., 1962-08-12
THE NATIONAL SCENE

the departmental meetings and
whether there were any political
considerations in them.
Earlier last week, the subcom-
mittee headed by Senator Nc
Clellan, Democrat of Arkansas de-
veloped a story Of practically no
coordination, and perhaps q high
measure of inefficiency in the
Agriculture Departments inves-
tigation Of the Billie Sol Estes
case. At least it brought out at
least two investigations that were
being conducted at the same time
without one office knowing what
the other was doing.
Evening star., 1962-08-12
Hollywood:
A Sad Story

Marilyn Monroe, Hollywood's
most glamOr0us star, was found
dead Of an overdose Of sleep
ing pills.
The comment ranged from the
Vatican newspaper to Moscow's
Izvestia to the Rev. Billy Graham.
1t all centered on the sad news
of the story Of a moving picture
queen who had achieved incredi-
BILE popularity and financial Sue
cess only to find her life empty.
after all. 49,
The Marilyn Monroe saga was
another example Of how Holly
wood rivals its own products in
the private lives of its stars. An
unwanted, illegitimate child who
was shunted from one orphanage
to another, Marilyn fought her
way into pictures. She was dis
armingly frank and simple. When
a widely distributed nude calen.
dar for which she has posed ap-
peared to be a threat to her ca
reer she outrode the bad publicity
by this explanation: "I needed the
money for food" SO
The moving pictures she made
were SO successful and so popular
and the star was so dazzling In
her voluptuouSness that for q
long time nobody thought to con-
slider whether she could act. Then
critics began to say that she had
a genuine talent as q comedienne.
1t was not far from that point
to the clown-into- Hamlet theory
and the word went out that Miss
Monroe actually was q very In.
tellectual woman and yearned for
higher things in the theater.
Three unhappy marriages com.
plicated her private life. Career
troubles appeared. too. Psychiat-
riatic treatment followed. Tnus
there was sadness and even shock
over her death from an over-dose
of sleeping pills but it fit into
the pattern Of her life. a.
Official inquiries began and
there arose the unusual circum-
stance Of the appointment of a
suicide team" of psychiatrists to
determine what happened.
But the mystery remained.
Evening star., 1962-08-12
On NucIeur

On the touchy issue of military
policy, Gen. Taylor said he was
not against the use of nuclear
weapons. Rather, he said he ia
vored a flexible weapons policy.
If an attack is made on Berlin.
for instance, he wanted to be
able to push the Russians back
with conventional weapons, with
out having to use nuclear weapons
Immediately. He is afraid that
given the choice of using nuclear
weapons or not fighting, the
United States might become para
lyzed with indecision.
Gen. Taylor emphasized that
the United States would retaliate
with nuclear weapons if Europe
was threatened seriously. This
was meant to allay the fears of
European statesmen, mainly in
France and West Germany, who
doubt the United States would
use nuclear weapons if American
soil was not bombed.
In essence, Gen. Taylor sup
ported the views of the admins
tration: To use conventional
forces where possible. Then, if
necessary, the nuclear arsenal.
The administration also favors
hitting selected non-populous tar
gets first so as to reduce the ef-
fectS of a nuclear war. Such
thinking is repugnant to many
people. but it probably is necessary
in a nuclear age.
Evening star., 1962-08-12

in their own. They were the first
Russians stationed in the coun-
try to ever do this, and so drew
attention to themselves by their
very actions especially at
tention from the New Zealand
security service.
The security men noted, for ex-
ample, that Mr.. Andrew often
went out at night in a car with
ordinary number plates and not
diplomatic plates. They also noted
that the car was not garaged
where he lived, although there
was a vacant garage there.
The car also was a Holden,
manufactured in Australia by
General Motors, and a car that,
because of severe import restric-
tions against the make by the
New Zealand government, would
quickly call attention to itself.
Then there were Mr.. Andrews
car smaShes. In little more than
Is months the Soviet diplomat
was involved in six accidents, two
Of them serious ones.
Lovish Entertaining
The lavish splaShes the two
Russians made in entertaining
and in buying also intrigued the
security men. Mr.. Andrew, for
example, openly boasted that he
received Els a week in New Zea-
land approximately $21O in a
country where the average worker
is lucky to earn ELS (about $40.50).
Evening star., 1962-08-12
A Meeting

The inquiry pointed quite def
nitely to one meeting and one
figure in the Agriculture depart
ment.
The meeting was on January 6,
1862. At that meeting, the decision
was reached to suspend an Agri-
culture department order revok-
ing the Estes cotton allotments
transferred from other states.
The figure involved was no less
a person than Under Secretary of
Agriculture Charles Murphy, in
whose office the meeting was held.
Also at the meeting were two
members of Congress who have
acknowledged receiving contribu-
tionS from Estes, Senator Var
borough and Representative Ru-
therford, Texas Democrat. Mr..
Rutherford, in arranging the
meeting, said it seemed that Estes
and others involved in the cotton
allotment deal were being "cruci-
fled"
Evening star., 1962-08-12
Drugs:
Action

The Senate Judiciary Com
mittee last week gave swift ap-
proval to several White House
proposals for tightening drug
laws. Welfare Secretary Cele-
breeze announced tougher drug
test rules. A House committee
scheduled emergency hearings
for August 20 on . drug bill
The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic
Act of 1888 established the basic
methods under which new drugs
today must win Government ap-
proval before general sale.
Congress was anxious to avoid
shackling scientists, so it gave the
Food and Drug Administration
almost no say in how drugs could
be developed and tested on ami
mails or humans. 1t gave the FDA
no authority to question If the
drug was effective. And 1t forced
the FDA to act within go days of
a new drug application; If the
agency was silent, the applica-
ton automatically became effec-
tive after that deadline. (For story
on the background of the 1888 law
see Page D-30
In 1862 the thalidomide furor
demonstrated that drug controls
were outdated. It threatened more
incidents of this kind unless some
thing were done to protect con-
Sumers.
Thalidomide, a sleeping drug,
has been blamed for deformities
in thousands of new babies in
Europe. A United States survey
last week found 207 pregnant
women had taken the drug in this
country, but none so far had
given birth to deformed babies
and most of the babies involved
had been delivered.
1t was close call. The William
s. Merrell Co. of Cincinnati had
Evening star., 1962-08-12
THE CASE OF TWO DIPLOMATS
By v. A. SYME
Contributing Writer

04ONEI, AuSCralla. Ivan
showed his face-if not his full
hand-in tiny New Zealand last
month when two Soviet diplomats
were expelled for alleged spying.
The New Zealand government
took swift action, linking the ex-
pulsions with attempts by the
Russ ms to gain information
about Western security secrets,
including the United States nu-
clear tests at Johnston Island.
The Russian Charge D'Affaires
IN New Zealand, I. N. Ivanov,
was invited to the Prime Minis
ter's office in Parliament House,
wellington. There he was handed
note personally by the Prime
Minister, K. j. Holyoake, saying
that diplomatic status would no
longer be given to the two diplo-
mats, Vladislov Andrew and Nj
colai Shtykov.
Mr.. 1vanov received the note
on Tuesday. On Wednesday, he
later told the press, he ordered
the two diplomats to return to
MOSCOW. Both men were accom-
panied by their families.
Mr.. Andrew, 80, was CONNER
cial Counselor to the Soviet Le-
cation in Wellington. Mr.. Shtykov
was the Second Secretary at the
Legation. Both had built UP a
reputation in New Zealand as
mixers. Friendly, affable, they
were on first-name terms with
more New zealanders than any
previous Soviet diplomats.
Their Diplomatic History
Mr.. Andrew took UP his du-
ties at the Legation on March
18, 1861. He Immediately Joined
forces with Mr.. Shtykov, who had
taken up his post on October IA,
1860, and the pair, with their
wives, began leading a gay social
life.
But they had not come to New
Zealand equipped for such a task
Fellow diplomats who remembered
their arrival also remember both
men as being dressed in typical
Russian suits, almost in the style
of the gay '20s.
Soon, however, local business
men and their wives took the
friendly Russians shopping, and
before long Mrs. Andreev-a reg
ular hostess at Legation parties
was the envy of many New Zea-
land women for her dresses.
Soon both the Russian men had
won regulations as being among
the best dressed men in New
Zealand.
Good Communists can afford
to dress like the big capitalist"
Mr.. Andrew was known to boast.
I'VE Russians can afford to dress
better than big capitalists in a
capitalists country"
Sow Businessmen
The pair mixed freely with
leading businessmen, using pro-
posed lucrative commercial con-
tracts to gain entry into top cir
cleS. But the Russian reputation
for thorough preparation fell
down somewhere, either accident
ally or Intentionally. Common
talk among businessmen was that
Mr.. Andrew, despite his post
as commercial counselor. lacked
basic business knowledge.
The pair also made themselves
more than agreeable to newspa-
permen. putting no barriers be-
tween themselves and the free
press.
The gay diplomats moved freely
in New Zealand, visiting private
homes and entertaining lavishly
Evening star., 1962-08-12
Prime Minister'S Words
"Of this. the government has
conclusive proof"

The Prime Minister added: BY
Illicit means, including the offer
Of gifts and money, they have
endeavored to obtain information
to which they were not entitled
and which could not legitimately
be acquired by accepted diplo-
matte channels.
THE information they sought
was Of q security nature affecting
New Zealand's defense and ex-
ternal relations.
I'm all the circumstances the
government concluded that, in
view Of the activities Of these two
members Of the Soviet Legation.
it would not be In the interests
Of national security to permit
them to remain in New Zealand
any longer" Ts.
At a later press conference Mr..
Holyoake said that so far as he
knew no information Of value had
been gained by the two diplomats.
He said Australia "and several
other countries" had been noti-
fled Of the case before his an
nouncement to Parliament.
Asked If New Zealand would
be breaking off relations with the
Soviet Government because Of the
case, the Prime Minister replied
curtly-"That is entirely a mat
ter for the Soviet government"
Evening star., 1962-08-12

Scored Premier w. A. C. Ben
nett of British Columbia once de-
scribed his political beliefs as
conservative policy without the
nuisance of democracy" But
there is nothing conservative
about Caouette-and for practi-
cal purposes it is Mr.. Caouette's
idea that must be counted in
judging what Social Credit stands
for in the national political scene.
Initiation Policy
He claims the economy is stag
mating because people haven't got
enough money to buy all that is
produce I'VE can get more
money into the hands of the con-
Sumers," he says, "by increasing
the Bank of Canada's monetary
supply instead of imposing extra
taxes, or by deficit financing and
borrowing. We will abolish mis-
cry amidst plenty. We can wipe
out Canada's debt Just as it was
created-by the stroke of a pen" !"
Social Credit prosperity would
be based on the speed with which
paper money could be printed and
put in the hands of the people.
Everybody but the Social Credit
ers is aghast, forecasting a great
and uncomfortable orgy Of price
initiation, as happened in Ger
many in the early 1920s.
Social Credit theory is in es-
sence a something for nothing
proposition, promising to provide
for the peoples needs and wants
out of the gap" between high
national production and substan-
TALLY lower national income.
The wide gulf between the
Conservatives and the CreditiStes
presages a life of perhaps 10 days
for the newly-elected Parliament,
and then another general elec-
ton in November that political
strategists believe would favor
the Liberals to form the next
Government.
Evening star., 1962-08-12
Continued From Page D-1

SOnLlnueu FROM rage D-l
Agreement is still lacking on
the Commemorative agricultural
goods, principally wheat and
animal products.
Q The Markets program calls
for protected agricultural system,
in which Market farmers are
guaranteed a high price for their
products. This is to stimulate
production and make the Market
self-sufficient in food. Britain
wants a lower price on food stuffs
to allow the Commonwealth ma
tions, to export to Europe with
out having to pay costs Of a high
protective duty.
. The Market has agreed to fol-
low a reasonable" course, but
has not given a firm guarantee
to England on how it will treat
the Commonwealth agriculture
goods in 1910. England feels that
without such a guarantee, Parlia-
ment may not approve Britain'S
admission. The fruitless debate on
what is reasonable" led to the
breakdown in talks last week.
Evening star., 1962-08-12
Estes:
Basic Issue

The Senate investigation of
the Billie Sol Estes case neared
a crucial point last week as the
inquiry turned to high-level
Agriculture Department actions
involving the PecOs (TexJ oper-
atOr.
Since late June, the Senate in
vestigations subcommittee has
been attempting to unravel the
Evening star., 1962-08-12
The CASE OF TWO DIPLOMATS
Expelled by New Zealand for Espionage

Meanwhile, the Soviet Charge
D'Affaires was having problems.
He at first refused to discuss the
reasons for the departure from
Wellington Of Mr.. Andrew and
Mr.. Shtykov. beyond saying that
he had ordered them back to
Moscow.
He quickly developed case Of
influenza, sending out q message
to one reporter that he could not
see him because of his illness.
Later, however, he relented, and
said he was sure that Moscow
would not break off diplomatic
relations with New Zealand.
Describing the two men as "in-
experienced diplomats" Mr.. Iva
nov said 1t was not easy to say
anything about the position, but
he felt it was "the result Of un-
pleasant and great misunder-
standing"
After an initial refusal to CONF
ment in Sydney on the expul-
sions, both the men directly con-
cerned gave way and made state
ments saying that it was all q
mistake.
Net Result Small
Said Mr.. shtykoV: mfr.
Holyoake is completely wrong.
There will be repercussions and
great trouble about this"
Mr.. Andrew showed that at
least he had picked up something
from his short comparatively
stay in New Zealand when he
waved his hands across a pile Of
newspapers and said, Succinctly:
Bloody stupid"
The net result Of the whole
case appears little on the
surface.
The New Zealand authorities
apparently are satisfied that the
two diplomats failed to ferret out
any vital information. It is not
known what the United States did
in reacting to it, but 1t Is known
that Australia frightened up its
security precautions, with all
counter-espionage plans smartly
overhauled, especially as regards
the immense Woomera Rocket
Range. 1907
In another age, where gunboat
diplomacy ruled. the case Of the
gay diplomats may well have been
written off as an unfortunate ex-
perience, revealing the fact that
some cads had managed to break
into the diplomatic field. l~
DipIomots as Gentlemen 3.
But in that age all diplomats
were expected to be gentlemen.
and usually acted as such.
Now mistakes are not made
lightly nor are rank anna
teurs sent to any country to en-
gage in espionage activities.
By the pains the two diplo-
mats took to draw attention to
themselves it would seem they
must be an exception. with an
amateur brand stamped upon
them very deeply. Or perhaps.
fired by dreams Of glory. they
acted on their own initiative.
But New Zealand, keeping very
much to itself in the Pacific and
thousands Of miles away from
Australia's rocket range. United
States nuclear blasts. and royal
naval anti submarine secrets,
would seem an odd place for two
aspiring spies.
A country Of two million. known
to be fiercely loyal to all the con-
cepts Of Western democracy and
one of the staunchest strong
holds of the British Common
wealth, New Zealand would apA
pear to offer little to attract ac-
tive espionage agents.
Evening star., 1962-08-12
The Military:
New Regime

Gen. Maxwell d. Taylor was
confirmed last week as the new
chairman of the Joint Chiefs of
Staff.
When he retired from the Army
in 1859 after a policy disagree
ment with the Eisenhower Admin
istration, Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor
wrote a book, THE Uncertain
Trumpet" This was not unusual.
Most good soldiers write their
memoirs, and some, like Gen.
Taylor, are quite outspoken in
their criticism.
Gen. Taylor wanted a radical
Evening star., 1962-08-12

mystery Of the Billie Sol Estes
story.
After a long series of public
hearings, often laborious, the sub
committee last week neared the
high point of its inquiry into what
has become the Kennedy Admin
iStration's most embarrassing do
mestic situation.
After building up a repetitious
record that the Agriculture De-
partment's left hand did not know
what it's right hand was doing in
the way of investigating Estes,
the subcommittee finally got down
one basic thing:
Just why did the department
suspend the cancellation of Estes
pooled cotton allotments in the
face of evidence which seemed
to subcommittee members as over
whelming that the aIlotments
were obtained illegally?
Evening star., 1962-08-12
Some Surprises

While Agricultural Department
officials have defended the delay
in cracking down on Estes, the
subcommittee members appeared
to have a different idea. There
were indications that the suba
committee was ready to spring
some surprises in the public
hearings which have been going
on since late in June.
With John c. Bagwell, general
counsel of the Agriculture De-
partment as the witness, these
subcommittee laid the ground
work for calling Mr.. Murphy, per-
haps this week to explain why
certain decisions were reached in
Evening star., 1962-08-12

Continued From Page d.
The former was expected to face
possible White House veto even
if it is passed. On the other hand,
the increase in postal rates has
been long sought by the admin
istration.
Evening star., 1962-08-12

then again on Thursday. The
Richardson-M Merrell Co., parent
of the Cincinnati thalidomide
maker. was selling around $52.50
a share late in the week from a
high Of $102 earlier this year.