davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-12
Who ApoIoqized in U-2 Incident?

for the U-2 flights being con-
Quoted by the CHA. MIR.
Fulbright said:
1.-THE gravest mistake was
made when the President as
sumed responsibility for the
flight. -.
"It seems clear to me that.
II chiefs of state begin the
practice Of personally ad-
hitting the violation Of each
others sovereignty the orderly
conduct of international at
fairs will quickly become i'm
possible-as, indeed, 1t did
become in Paris last month"
But in June 1860 it wasn't
known that the Democratic
Party's presidential candi-
date would be elected Presi-
dent in November and that
within q few months there
after he would be assuming
personally the complete re-
sponsibility for invasion" Of
the sovereignty" Of Cuba In
another secret operation with
which the CHA was identified.
There remains, moreover,
the broader and more signifi-
cant question which the
majority Of the Senate
Foreign Relations Committee
unfortun q tely ignored
namely, the position taken by
many legal experts on space
questions who declare that
it is not q violation of o ma
tons sovereignty to fly above
it in outer space and that
to fly IA miles above ground
can be considered lawful.
Certainly the new satellites
which America and the Soviet
Union have launched can
take photographs from great
distances in outer space.
Russia has publicly boosted it
had cameras aboard the
craft of both Gagarin and
Titov. Moscow press dis
patches have claimed these
were good enough to make
photographs showing the
difference between plowed
and unplowed fields on earth.
Maybe "the orderly con-
duct of international affairs"
now can be resumed since
espionage on the ground by
Abel-which was far worse
than just taking pictures in
space craft-has resulted in
a mere exchange Of two
individuals who took big risks
for their respective govern
ments but now are once more
free men.
Copyright 1882
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-12
DORIS FLEEsON
Negative Drift of Party in Congress
Seen Opposed in Harvard Lectures

In a series Of three speeches
at Harvard University. Gov.
Rockefeller has reasserted his
leadership Of those Republic
cans who acknowledge the
changing nature Of American
society and search for pro-
grams to meet 1t.
The Governors vehicle was
the Godkin lectures on fed
eralism established In mem
ory of O renowned editor of
the New York Evening Post.
Being intellectual exercises
they competed poorly for
headlines with the Powers
Abel exchange, Senator Thur
mond's private war with the
Marines and the unwilling of
George Romney as a poten-
tial Wendell Willkie in 1854.
They are politically i'm
portant nonetheless. They
show the Governor raising
a political standard in i'm
plicit opposition to the par
tvs negative drift In Con-
gress, a drift reflected by the
fact Senators Goldwater and
Tower lead all the rest in
popularity on the Lincoln
Week hastings.
Rockefeller began in q low
key with q defense of fed
eralisrn as an adaptable and
creative" form Of govern
ment, O. shared sovereignty"
always responsive to the peo-
pie. Acknowledging that the
national government was now
more deeply involved in State
and local affairs, he stated
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-12
Military 'Gogging' Quiz Praised

tive Department and both
sides maintained their proper
rights. McNamara's refusal
to let individual censors be
spotlighted for carrying out
his orders - If sometimes
carrying them out foolishly
has been upheld.
But the Senate rightly
forced him to base his action
not just on his own personal
wishes. He had to appeal to
the ancient principle Of
privilege by which the Execu-
tive Department can refuse
to give to Congress informa-
ton about non-criminal de-
partmental matters where
disclosure would make it i'm
possible to maintain bureau
cratic order and discipline.
Here there is no witchhunt;
here there is no whitewash.
This inquiry is going well
simply because Stennis is a
responsible man, Saltonstall
is a responsible man, and
Mcnamara is a responsible
man.
Put the same investigation
into the wrong Senatorial
hands, and assume an ar
rogant rather than a Coop
erative Secretary of Defense.
and we should by now be in a
nightmare of wild accusa-
tions from which the sole
gamers would be our Com
munist enemies.
Happily. only once has this
inquiry got off the track. This
was when committee staff
members - including one
under the personal charge Of
Senator Strom Thurmond Of
South Carolina-undertook a
tasteless cross-examination of
q group of Marines to find
out how much they were
against Communism.
All this was done without
the knowledge or consent Of
the committee itself. This
will not happen again, nor
will anything like it happen
again. Stennis and the COM
mittee will see to that-and
so will the United States
Marine Corps, which has
already raised the sound
point that if we can't assume
the loyalty of the ablest
fighting men in the world we
are in a bad fix, indeed.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-12

that State and local govern
ment had actually expanded
far more rapidly to meet So
ciety's demands.
That expanse. he next
argued, could be continued
regionally and perform better
than a Federal Government
too remote" to sense regional
concerns. He acknowledged
that the "surging tide" of
urbanism was federalism's
greatest challenge but did
not otherwise mention his
argument with President
Kennedy over an Urban At
fairs Department.
His finale. Federalism and
Free World Order" moved
him close to positions taken
by the Kennedy administra-
ton. He called for confedera-
ton of free nations to fill
what he called serious pol
itical vacuums, everywhere.
Such regional considerations
are imperative. he insisted,
because the United Nations
could not shape the new
world order which events
demands.
InaSmuch as the President
has put first on his program
his trade bill and co-opera-
ton with the European Com
mon Market, the Rockefeller
thinking could be of great
use to him. It at least made
the week end more CHEEKY
for the aides who must sell
the trade bill to Congress and
had really viewed with alarm
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-12

part of the earth's atmosphere
there are areas Of turbulence
in space. There are solar winds,
and these interact with the
earth's magnetism far out be-
yond what used to be regarded
as the 'lower boundary" of in
terplanetary space.
DR.. Heppner pointed out that
the earth is an active partici-
pant in the creation of space
weather" because of this inter-
action Of solar emission and
the magnetic field.
Charged particles in motion
constitute an electric current,
and an electric current Is also
a source of magnetic fields, "
he explained. 1.-THE field guides
the particles, the particles
create an additional field, and
the resulting new field changes
the motion Of the particles"
Work in space is giving new
insights into the very center
of the earth, DR.. Heppner
pointed out. Maps will be made
of the earth's magnetic field
during a 1963-65 World Mag
netic Survey" and these will
not only have immediate prac-
tical use in avigation and COM
municationS. (but) will also
provide q framework for ana
lysis of the motions in the
earth's core" he said.
Space Threat
A. fuller understanding Of
the earth's magnetism may
provide the key to prediction
Of solar flares, DR.. Heppner
added. Solar flares are streams
of energetic particles spewed
out by storms on the suns sur
face. At present they are view
ed as a great threat to space
travellers. partly because of
their unpredictability.
IF we had magnetometers
located in interplanetary space
continuously relaying back the
geometry and strength of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-12
Lincoln Rites Tonight

The WOman'S RELIEF Corps,
Department Of the Potomac.
Auxiliary to the Grand Army
of the Republic, will hold Lin
coin Day services at st. Mar
garet's Episcopal Church, Con-
necticut avenue and Bancroft
place NV, at 8 o'clock tonight.
Lloyd A. Dunlap will be guest
speaker.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-12
DAVID LAWRENCE

The American people were
not fooled by the self-right-
eous attitude assumed by Pre-
mier Khrushchev as he de-
manded an apology" from
the President of the United
States when Francis Gary
Powers was forced down in his
U-2 plane in May, -syJ. The
Soviet Premier used the in
cident as an excuse to break
up the summit" meeting In
Paris and to cause q further
estrangement In the relations
of the two countries as he
added tension to an already
serious crisis In world affairs.
But now. as the Soviet gov
eminent officially exchanges
its own master spy, Col. Ru-
dolf Ivanovich Abel, for the
American pilot, the question
may well be asked: "Who has
apologized to whom?"
It will be recalled that the
then Senator from Massa-
chusetts. John r. Kennedy,
as he campaigned for the
Presidential nomination in
the spring Of 1860, said that
he would have expressed
regret" This was construed
by many as the equivalent Of
an apology. Few people could
have foreseen that 1t would
become Mr.. Kennedy's func-
ton as President about 81
months later to approve the
exchange Of two prisoners in
what now is being interpreted
in Moscow at least as q move
toward the betterment of re-
lations between the two coun-
tries.
The case Of Col. Abel was
not emphasized very much
at the time of the crash of
the U-2. It was not generally
realized that he began his
spying in 1855 at just about
the same time that the secret
U-2 flights were begun. Abel
was arrested, in the summer
Of 1857 after one of his aides
detected. He was convicted
and sentenced to 80 years in
prison. The Soviet govern
ment said 1t was having
nothing to do with the case"
From that day to this, it has
not acknowledged that he
even works for the Russian
government. Today, however,
the Soviet government is put
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-12
Enborossments May Flow From Affair
Involving Powers, Abel and Politicians

in the position of officially
acknowledging its own spy
who actually stole American
defense and atomic secrets.
The deception hasn't worked.
For. during the entire time
that the Soviet premier was
denouncing Powers as a spy
though he never did more
than photograph from the air
as the Russians have been
doing-the Soviet govern
ment was maintaining a COM
prehensive spy system on the
ground in this and other
Western countries.
It is interesting to note that
the negotiations for the re-
lease Of the American pilot
began in June. 1860, when his
father wrote to Abel and the
latter suggested that contact
be made with a lawyer in
East Germany. This was the
forerunner of the now sue
cessful negotiations.
Some embarrassments may
flow from the whole affair.
Pilot Powers will be interro-
gated intensively and in
secrecy as to why he didn't
destroy his own plane and
give his life so as to prevent
capture. He may have a good
explanation. He will be asked
whether it is true, as the
Russians claim. that he was
shot down at a height Of IS
miles by q Soviet rocket and,
if so, how it happened that
his plane was virtually intact
and exhibited later by the
Russians. The CHA has in
sisted that the plane en-
countered mechanical trouble
and was flying at q height Of
only two or three miles when
forced down. The biggest risk
the Russians knew they would
incur was that Powers, If re-
leased, would tell the whole
truth. But they evidently so
much wanted Col. Abel re-
leased that they were willing
to pay the price.
The new development, Incl
dentally, makes q certain
report by the majority of the
Senate Foreign Relations
Committee filed on June Is.
1860, look somewhat en-
barrassing. In a speech by its
chairman, Senator Fulbright
of Arkansas, Democrat, Mr..
Eisenhower was pilloried for
taking public responsibility
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-12
Alumni Drive Planned

The 1862 alumni fund drive
Of the Greater University of
Maryland fund will be launched
at a dinner Wednesday evening
in Baltimore. DIR. Wilson H.
Elkins, president Of the Uni
versity, will be keynote speaker.
More than 200 Maryland
alumni are expected to attend.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-12

cation Of Is business leaders
and officials who are on q
goodwill mission to Peru.
Evening star., 1962-10-10
Bulgaria Grants
Right of Opinion

VIENNA. Austria. Oct. II
(AP). = Bulsaria's Communists
Party has decided to grant it
members full freedom o.
opinion in all party matters
the party newspaper Rsbot'
niehesko Delo said in its issue
received here yesterday.
The party said such freedom
hitherto curbed BY strici
disciplinary rules would b
the major aim Of q revision o.
the party's statute at its eighth
congress opening November
in Sofia.
"All revisions Of the statut'
will be a safeguard against at
tempts to revive the personalit!
cult" Rabotnichesko Delo de-
clared.
Western observers said thi
was an indication the Bulgarian
party, long q stronghold o
StaliniSrn, has joined the "de
mocratization" drive of othe,
East bloc parties.
Evening star., 1962-10-10
Photos Taken
On Ground,
Eastern Says
By the Associated Press

Eastern Air Lines says that
photographs supposedly show
ing its stewardesses flying air.
planes were taken not in flight
but on the ground.
The airline said that because
the flight engineer who pro-
duced the pictures refuses to
cooperate, 1t has gone as far
as 1t can in its investigation. u
Robert L. Turner, senior ex-
ecutive vice president, told the
Federal Aviation Agency, Row.
ever. that firm and positive
steps" have been taken to make
sure that there are not ever
circumstantial inferences In
the future that could reflect
on the conduct Of its flight
personnel.
Mr.. Turner and other East
ern officials conferred at length
with FAA Administrator N. E
Halaby, George Prill. director
/ of. the Bureau Of Flight Stand
ards, and Nathaniel Goodrich
FAA general counsel.
Mr.. Turner said the company
! is determined to get at the
Evening star., 1962-10-10

facts" in connection with pho
tographs identified by a flight
engineer, d. X. (Kit) Carson,
as having been taken on l8
Eastern flights between May,
1859, and July, 1861. During
this period Eastern operated
about 81 million flights.
The engineers are on strike
against Eastern. A key issue
in the dispute is whether pilots
or engineers should hold the
third place in jet cockpit crews.
Mr.. Turner said the implied
frequency of laxness on the
part of some cockpit crew
members was greatly exag-
gerated.
But even one case which
evidence can support is clearly
inconsistent with the COM
pany's detectives and policies
and contrary to the dedicated
performance of the vast ma
jority of the crew members,
he said.
Mr.. Turner said Eastern is
determined to "assess prompt
and proper disciplinary action
wherever the charges can be
supported"
He said that the photographs
contained implied accusations
against IA persons.
After exhaustive investiga'
tions, including the interroga'
ton Of flight personnel in
Evening star., 1962-10-10

volved, he said, 4 Of the IA
individuals have been tenta-
lively identified,
Mr.. Turner said the only
pictures showing a stewardess
were two. showing the same
woman in a cockpit seat.
80 far as the company has
been able to determine, they
were taken on the ground" he
said.
This steardress resigned In
November 1860 TO be married.
Eastern is continuing efforts
to locate her"
Evening star., 1962-10-10

with a new approach and phi
losophy now, well in advance
Iof my mandatory retirement
date in 1862"
Will Be COnsultant
He will remain as a consult
ant to the AP. He said he
plans no other employment.
Benjamin M. McKelway. ed
itor of The Washington Star
and president Of the AP, said
in a statement that the board
takes this opportunity to ex-
press for itself and for the
membership Of the Associated
Press our recognition and ap-
probation Of Mr.. Starzel's out
standing service.
During the two concluding
decades of his distinguished
APP career of "a years. his per-
formance as an executive and
| for the last IA years as CHIEF
executive demonstrated q high
order of leadership in con-
structiye planning and admin
istration of expansion of Ar
operations in this country and
abroad" Mr.. McKelway said.
THE directors are gratified
that Mr.. Starzel continues
after retirement to be available
| in a consultative capacity"
Frank H. Bartholomew, board
chairman OF United Press In
ternational, who was In Sar
Francisco, made this comment
last night:
Frank j. Starzel was a wire
service professional to his fin
gertips, and the industry viii
miss him"
Mr.. Starzel, after attending
Notre Dame and the University
of Iowa, worked on the lows
City Press-Citizen. Des Moine'
Register and Tribune, Bloom
ington (Ill0 Paragraph anc
Chicago Journal before join
| ing the AP in New York 1r
February. 1927
Bureau Chief In '3S
He worked successfully in the
feature service. as night city
editor and as a general newi
supervisor until his appoint
ment in 1885 as chief OF bu-
reau for Ohio, with headquar'
tiers in Columbus.
In 1912 he returned to New
York as a traffic executive. HI
became assistant general man
lager the following year, acting
/ general manager in May. 194S
land general manager in ccto-
.Sber OF that year. He succeeded
Kent Cooper, who had beer
general manager since 1925.
During Mr.. starzel's admins
tration, the APPS Worldwide
services have undergone a rec
ord expansion. The AP serve
Ii.74s newspaper members ant
other publications in tn
United States, 2,37l domesti
radio and TV stations an
more than $500 subscriber
abroad, including both publ
cations and broadcasters. tn
total, exceeding $500. repre-
sents an increase Of more thal
rs per cent since l94S.
4 The growth Of the APPS news
photo, feature and enterpris
services under Mr.. Starzei's di
rection has been accompanies
by notable chronological ex
/ pansions.
/ These include Photofax,.
l method of facsimile picturl
! transmission: !. teletypesetter.
device for transmitting news Of
perforated tape fed dfrectl!
Evening star., 1962-10-10

AulAy COIlcluCICu uCClSAOhs
/ The board today named Wes
NGallagher, assistant general
manager, as Mr.. Starzeps sue
ceSsor.
The appointment is effective
sat the end of this week.
- Mr.. Gallagher, 81, has been
with the AP for Is years, start
ing in Buffalo. He was a war
correspondent during World
War II, and was chief of bureau
for Germany from 1945 to
1851, when he was recalled to
New York as a general execu-
tive in charge of personnel.
~ ~. In 1858, as assistant general
manager, he also took over di-
,rection of AP newsfeatures.
Gould Also Retiring
Mr.. Starzel, So, Joined the
AP in 1929. He plans to retire
to his farm near South Lon
donderry, vt.
His announcement followed
by two weeks that of Executive
Editor Alan j. Gould, who is
to retire after 81 years in the
APPS top news post. Mr.. Gould,
who Joined the AP in 1922, will
retire February at SIS.
Mr.. Starzel reminded the
board at its meeting yesterday
that his decision was based on
reasons of which the president
of the Associated Press was in
formed three years ago, to be
effective upon the completion
of several major projects then
being undertaken"
with the contemplated de-
velopments nearing compile
ton" he continued, II am con-
vinced this is the appropriate
time for q successor to carry
forward
"It is in the organizations
best interests that it have the
benefit of younger direction
Evening star., 1962-10-10
Opening of Debates

A debate on Liberalism and
Christian Social Teaching" will
open the Duns Scotus Series at
$50 pm. October ~ in Francis
Hammond High School in Alex
= 80 7.s2s. .
andria, Va.
Evening star., 1962-10-10
APPS StorzeI to Retire
As General Manager

& NEW YORK Oct 10 AP)-Frank J. Starzel general man
of the Associated Press retiring after "A years as cne
&executve officer Of the worldwide service
e. The board OF directors holding its regular fa meeting
here announced that reluctantly accepts (h own care
Evening star., 1962-12-15
Guests Visit
Area Pu|pits

Guest speakers will occupy
the pulpits of several Washing
ton area churches tomorrow.
Brooks Hays, special assistant
to the President, will preach at
the IL am. service in West
minister United Presbyterian
Church, 434 Seventh street S.W.
Harland Cleveland, Assistant
Secretary of State for Interna-
tional Organization Affairs, will
speak at the $3.50 and IL am.
services in Cedar Lane Uni
tartan Church, 9601 Cedar lane,
Bethesda, Md.
DR.. Frank L. Laubach will
be in the pulpit of st. Johns
Methodist Church, Backlick
road and Woodland drive. North
Springfield. Va, for the II am.
service.
The Rev. Temple Wheeler will
preach at the II am. service in
Falls Church Episcopal Church,
South Washington and East
Fairfax streets, Falls Church,
Va.
The Rev. William M. Dyal,
jr., Of the Southern Baptist
Foreign Mission Board. will
speak at the IL am. service in
Briggs M m Orial Baptist
Church, 5144 Massachusetts,
avenue extended and at 5:15
pm. In Pennsylvania Avenue
Baptist Church, 5000 Penn
sylvania avenue Sc.
Evening star., 1962-12-15
Girl Friday Edits

Church secretaries too often
do not get the recognition they
so well merit.
But there Is at least one
church secretary whose worth
is fully realized by the minister
and members Of the church
she serves. She is Shirley Scott,
Of the Lewinsville Presbyterian
Church, Mclean, Va.
Her boss, the Rev. John Ora
ham, pastor Of the church, de-
clares Miss Scott is more Of a
minister in her vocation than
many of us realize, and whose
compensation comes In the
most part from the Lord"
Perhaps the easiest evidence
Of her handiwork for outsiders
to note is the attractive and
informative "Lewinsville Let
ter" for which she is mainly
responsible. according to Mr..
Graham.
It is indeed one Of the best
conceived and executed publ
cations for the term letter"
is a misnomer for the 15-page
pamphlet-to be found any
where. From the arresting COW
er, which has a picture Of the
church at its lower area,
through the numerous articles,
whose type is broken by imagin-
ative illustrations, the commu-
nication intrigues and keeps
the interest Of the reader.
One can well believe that Mr.
Graham's tribute to her for the
'long. long hours In keeping the
people informed and the sched-
ule ticking" is well deserved.
Evening star., 1962-12-15
CHURCH NEWS
XMAS DEADLINE

Church public relations
officers in charge Of send
ing notices about Christmas
events should note the fol-
lowing schedule for dead
lines at The Star:
Notices of Christmas eve
services will appear in The
Star this Saturday and
should be received by the
Religious News Editor no
later than Wednesday.
Notices Of Christmas Day
services will appear in The
Star on December "a and
should be received by the
Religious News Editor no
later than noon Friday.
Address releases to the
Religious News Editor, The
Evening Star, 225 Virginia
avenue Sc, Washington 3,
D. C.
Evening star., 1962-12-15

on behalf of the congregation,
handed the speechless clergy
man and his wife the keys to
a new 1868 Rambler. To make
the presentation more dramatic,
the curtain facing the court
yard was drawn back and there
stood the sleek white car.
When Mr.. Evans regained his
composure, he called the
memorable gathering "a terri
bly, humbling experience. I have
always had a growing sense of
wonder at being q minister.
Along with 1t has been q sense
Of privilege at being your min
lister.
II was 81 years old before
starting college. I thought be-
fore my freshman year, four
years more of college, three
years more of seminary and
then a church somewhere. I
wondered where 1t would be and
what kind Of people 1t would
have. I found-the best"