davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-03

DIX monCnS ago Mary CAN'T,
II, Of Ills Forty-eighth street
NE. had a probelm-but no
more.
Mary is a fifth grader at
Carver Elementary School,
Forty-fifth and Lee streets
NE. She is a bright student
but until last fall had trouble
with her school work. The only
place Mary had to study was
at home, and with two brothers
and three sisters milling around
plus a lack Of reference books
-Mary's grades were suffering.
When the school year started,
however, she began attending
a study hall at First Baptist
Church of Deanwood, one block
from Carver School on Forty
fifth street at Sheriff road.
The church began the study
hall two years ago with the
two-fold aim Of providing Car
yer School children a proper
place for school work and
teaching them how to study.
Here, Mary had the right at
mosphere. There were 80 other
children from the school with
her, but they were busy also. The
right reference materials were
handy - dictionaries, encyclo-
pedias and maps donated to- the
study hall by the church mem
bers and borrowed from the
D. C. Public Library.
Mary had supervision from
Mrs. Helen G.. Hairston Of 1928
Lane place NE, a retired Dis
trict school teacher who had
taught fifth and sixth grades
at Carver.
Work Improved
Mary's school work improved
so much through the study hall
that last week her brother,
Francis, 9. a fourth grader at
Carver, began attending the
sessions.
The Deanwood Church study
hall is the joint creation Of
the Rev. Andrew Allen, church
pastor, and Mrs. Villa Rogers
Of $500 Eighteenth street Sc.
Mrs. Rogers, who teaches health
and physical education at East
ern High School, first suggested
the idea to Mr.. Allen three
years ago while still a student
at D. c. Teachers College. Mrs.
Rogers, who has attended the
church since childhood. now d.
reefs the program.
The students 60 to the study
hall in the basement Of the
church's new addition, from
$3.50 to 4:30 pm. each week.
day.
Story Hour, Too
Most Of the time is spent
in actual school work but a
story hour is held once a week
plus a spelling bee on Friday.
Besides the written reference
materials, the students can go
to Mrs. Hairston for help. How
ever, to avoid teaching-method
conflicts, Mrs. Hairston does not
ATTEMPT to teach.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-03
MARYLAND
ASCENSION
BETHANY

ASCENSION MO.
7420 Ardmore Rd.. Landover Hills.
The Rev. Henry C. Schroeder. 500
$3.50. 11:00 am.
BETHANY ALC
b175 Silver Hill Rd. Sc. The Rev.
Frank o. Klein. $40 an. and
HOO am. $3.50 am.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-03

For further information concerning Lutheran Churches
Lutheran Inner Mission Society, 232-6373
Evening star., 1962-12-30
Mrs. Kennedy Changes PIons

There was the wife Of a visit
ing head OF state who insisted
that Mrs. Kennedy receive her In
person. Mrs. Kennedy had other
plans for the day. but a Peace
Corps mission. a foreign aid pro-
gram and Inter-American Bank
loan negotiations all rested on
the reception. So Mrs. Kennedy
not only changed her plans. but
took her guest on a tour OF the
White House and gave her q
present.
There are no let-ups IN Mr..
Dukes touchy Job. He had TO ar
range for a hotel In Knoxville.
Tenn, 10 accept Negroes when
the Prime Minister Of Nigeria Wis
tied the Tennessee Valley Author
ity. At first, the hotel agreed 10
take the Africans, as the Presi-
dents guests, but not American
Negroes In the group. When Mr..
Duke threatened TO make this an
issue with the President and the
Civil Rights Commission the ho-
tel gave In. but asked plaintively,
Swimming pool. too2" Swim
ming pool, tool" insisted Mr..
Duke.
Mr.. Duke told an interviewer
that his Job is to create IAN at
mosphere Of warmth and friendli-
ness. coupled with respect for"
United States institutions, peo-
pie, customs and way Of life.
I'VE don't change our customs
Evening star., 1962-12-30
Police Posts Questions

These proposals do not define
police posts" Could they be
manned, for instance; by Chinese
frontier guards" "a euphemism
for regular Chinese forces-and
II so, in what strength
All this clearly gives a good
deal more to Communist China
than TO India and corresponds TO
the Indonesian and Burmese po-
sitions In the conference. This re-
suit shows that the Indian mis-
sions. especially the one sent TO
Southeast Asia. failed TO convince
those Governments OF the essen
tial justice OF the Indian case as
the victim Of aggression. It also
suggests that Peking's increased
barrage Of propaganda has had
its effect.
The whole atmosphere in CO.
lombo had been vitiated by q
topsy-turvy feeling that Commu-
mist China had won the war and
India had lost II.
Accordingly, even the best Of
India'S friends among them la
bored under the inhibition that
they were striving more TO save
India's face than espouse It's case.
Those, who are disappointed at
the Colombo conferences failure
TO condemn Red China for It's ag-
gression against India, are OBJ
Evening star., 1962-12-30
Urge IndiOn Cooperation

S'SS tHutuH $O-OPeTutIoH
The Colombo proposals are go
ing to be vigorously pressed in
New Delhi and Peking not only
by Mrs. Bandaranaike but also
by others. Burma, the UAR and
Ghana are already reported to
have agreed to send their own
representatives. The line they will
advocate In New Delhi Is that
India, as the leading Afro-Asian
non-aligned country, owes 1t to
Afro-Asia to give favorable con-
sideration to this first Afro-Asian
effort to settle its own disputes.
The six non-aligned nations
clearly envisage that their good
offices be offered on a "continu-
ing basis" as there were refer
ences to the Colombo conference
as "a first stage" with intensified
efforts and more meetings"
leading to more successes" and
ultimately TO a final solution"
The Colombo proposals have
been discussed twice by the In
dian cabinet and are now under
detailed scrutiny in the External
Affairs Ministry. But Prime Min
lister Nehru's disappointment was
implicit in his remark that what
Is obvious TO us is not necessarily
obvious 10 the world"
According 10 Socialist Chairman
Asoka Mehta, "the aggressor and
his victim have been put on par
and a common approach adopted
toward both"
The first guarded Communist
Chinese reaction to the Colombo
proposals was given In q speech
by Foreign Minister Marshal Chen
III at a banquet last week. He
said the Colombo conference
reached agreement on an appeal
TO China and India TO settle their
border dispute peacefully. This, he
added, conformed TO "China's
peace policy"
New Delhi. never averse 10 nego-
tiations with honor. will be glad
TO welcome Mrs. Bandaranaike
and others. But their missions
may be more hopeful Of achieving
something II this Afro-Asian ef-
fort takes full account OF Com
munist Chinese aggression against
midas peaceful frontiers.
Evening star., 1962-12-30
Resentments Expressed

Professions and demonstrations
express resentment of the people
not only against their own gov
ernments but against the rich
and prosperous neighbor to the
north.
Even among admirers of the
United States there is a feeling
that part of Latin Americas trou-
bles stems from decades Of "ex-
ploitation" by United States in
vestors. This day has passed, and
United States investors are on
the defensive throughout the
hemisphere. But the result is
mixed, for capital has been driv-
en- away that is badly needed to
develop economies. The resent
ment remains.
Widely held, too, is a feeling
that the United States expects,
even insists, that Latin America
line up with the West in opposing
Evening star., 1962-12-30
FideI Confused?
The yellow Worms Moy Turn

Nevertheless, the now-free bri-
gade is more than the exiles have
ever had before to unite them.
Alpha 66 staged a couple of raids
but 1t is small. The Directorio
Revolucionario Estudiantil is mil
liant but the student members
are too young and controversial
Fidel himself seems in a state
of confusion as a result of his
abandonment by Soviet Premier
Khrushchev during the October
crisis. Exile sources report he is
turning back toward his estranged
friends of the July 26th Move
ment" and spends nights and days
arguing with the students at the
University of Havana.
His ransoming of the prisoners
for cash and supplies is under
standable, knowing Castro's char
acter, but his Christmas bonus"
release of the prisoners families is
not. He seems to have lost direc-
ton and purpose, however evil.
The man with q sense of his
tory, who wanted to be remem-
bered with Bolivar, appears to be
failing about as Batista did at
the end. He is more likely to be
remembered, when he is gone,
with Bruno Richard Hauptmann
than he is with the liberators of
the hemisphere.
Evening star., 1962-12-30
by ALAN EMORY
Contributing Writer

Soda biscuits. jade birds, bach
elors, paintings and whether or
not President Kennedy is wearing
an overcoat-such problems are
all in a days work for 47-year-old
Angler Biddle Duke, the tobacco
heir who handles the sensitive Job
Of State Department protocol
chief.
II the very important foreign
visitor does not smoke or drink,
Mr.. Duke must know 1t and warn
Mr.. Kennedy. All the pet likes and
dislikes Of the premier or prince
have to be on. file, such as the
chief Of state who thought he
would get cancer II he smelled to-
bacco smoke. or the one who had
to have soda biscuits with him
at all times.
Evening star., 1962-12-30
Reel Problems Remoin

THE greatest danger is that the
United States may think it won
the battle for Latin America in
the fall of 1852" said a Mexican
businessman. IF Castro had kept
his missiles the battle would have
been lost. Many governments saw
this and they supported the
blockade. But removal of the mis-
siles only prevented a calamity Of
the moment. The real problems
remain"
Colombia's President Guillermo
Leon Valencia said the real prob
lens are poverty and political in
stability.
Castro is only a symptom" he
said. Through the blockade the
United States kept the symptom
from getting out of control. But
the disease is still there"
Bright spots, meaning stable
governments and healthy econo-
mics, are hard to find. Few Of the
20 nations are without active
threats of anarchy. In many only
the open threat Of military force
keeps the opposition at bay.
Why does political turmoil and
instability thrive next door to the
most prosperous and stable ma
ton Of modern times?
Part Of the answer Is q lack Of
democratic processes which per-
NIT continuity and the orderly
transition Of governments. Set
tiers from Spain and Portugal
brought to Latin America none
OF the parliamentary traditions
which prospered on the East
Coast of North America.
I'm North America you learned
Evening star., 1962-12-30
Wanted: A Dynomie Leader

The attack at the Bay Of Pigs
was thoroughly botched. For this
President Kennedy has assumed
responsibility. But the blame must
be shared by the CIA, which mis-
calculated the force needed, and
the disunited exiles themselves.
For a leader, the exiles had
only DR.. Jose Miro Cardona,
Castro's first Prime Minister,
gentle, sad eyed law professor
whose son fought at the Bay of
Pigs. He was and is head of the
Cuban Revolutionary Council, but
he is roughly comparable to Jus
tice Hugo Black in terms of in
spired national leadership.
Exile leaders have urged Cuban
refugee men Of military age to
join the American armed forces,
but only an estimated 1000 have
done so. Many Of these were in
Miami to welcome the returning
members of the brigade.
Are you in the infantry?" q
Evening star., 1962-12-30

some Of the 43 border posts over
run by the Communist Chinese in
Ladakh since October 20. These are
the ones which lie north and east
Of the proposed buffer zone which.
also. is to come from the Indian
soil alone.
Evening star., 1962-12-30
By JERRY O'LEARY, Jr.
Star Staff Writer

Fidel Castro Ruz, who refers to
himslf as the Lider Marimo of
Cuba, may have made the mis-
take that will bring about his
downfall in freeing for ransom
the 1,1l3 prisoners of the Bay of
Pigs invasion.
Cuban exile sources say the
bearded Premier, in accepting a
ransom Of more than $50 million
in drugs. food and cash for the
rebels, made the same error COM
mitted by the unlamented dictator
Fulgencio Batista, when he set
Castro free in 1865.
IF Batista had executed Fidel,
there would have been no July
the 26th movement" a refugee
leader said in an interview in
Miami this week.
ITO look at 1t coldly, Castro
should have executed Manuel Ar
time. Jose San Roman and the
other leaders of the force that
landed at the Playa Giron on
April II, 1851"
Evening star., 1962-12-30

an oil painting Of a Chilean hero.
The State Department had
planned to give Senor Alessandri,
an art connoisseur. a pair of jade
birds, mounted on a marble base
with the presidential seal and an
inscription. However, beside the
saddle and painting this would
have looked mighty small in Of
ficial pictures of the presentations.
Some art books. q new volume on
the White House and a silver
framed picture Of Mr.. Kennedy
were added.
One Of Mr.. Kennedy's most
popular gifts TO a national chief
Is a silver desk set. This has
its propaganda value, since smack
In the middle is the United States
seal, and during the government
heads most thoughtful moments
a reminder Of this country is
staring him right in the face.
Mr.. Duke has maneuvered a sub
stantial change in the fashion Of
greeting important visitors, prin-
cipally to avoid the necessity Of
Mr.. Kennedy's going to the air
port. He has planned to have the
visiting chiefs fly TO a nearby city.
such as Philadelphia. and then
take a helicopter close TO the
White House, where the President
would be ready TO say hello as the
visitor first puts feet on WASH
ington soil.
The airport ceremony was shift
ed TO the White House In the ar
rivals Of Algerian Premier Ben
Bella and the Presidents Of Hon
duras and Chile.
Evening star., 1962-12-30

unemployment have left millions
struggling to buy bread.
But there is no shortage of
children. The 206 million popula-
ton is climbing by 2.6 per cent
annually, bringing even more
mouths to feed.
This is the real problem" said
an European diplomat in Rio de
Janeiro. "The people are hungry.
They want a better way of life
but things are getting worse"
Evening star., 1962-12-30
BY WATSON SIMS
Aa.ociatad pra., STAT wr,sav


The successful blockade Of Cuba
was a moment of glory for the
United States in its own back
yard. But only q moment.
The applause from the South
American nations was surprisingly
unanimous and gratifying. But
1t won't last. There is too much
restlessness and resentment south
of the border to make Uncle Sam
a permanently popular neighbor.
Years Of continuing strife and
instability lie ahead.
That Is the conclusion drawn
by this reporter from talking with
Government and private observers
in a dozen Latin American coun-
tries during and after the block
ade.
The resolute United States
stand against Soviet planes and
missiles brought this country its
most solid Latin American support
in years. United States prestige
scared.
But the Importance Of the dip
lomatic triumph appears easy to
overestimate and may not be last
ing. Discord between the United
States and its southern neighbors
will certainly come again, and
Latin America remains dotted
with economic and political VOL
canos which could spill over any
day.
Evening star., 1962-12-30
The Brigode q cotoIyst

No matter how badly Castro
needed the medical supplies he
got as a result of the efforts of
James B, Donovan and the United
States Government, the survivors
Of Assault Brigade 25O6 have now
become the catalyst for a CO.
hesive, unified force that anti
Castro Cubans have never had
before.
It was four years ago this Tues
day that Castro took power in
Havana-withoNt fighting a major
battle. At the outset, he was
wildly acclaimed both in Cuba
and the United States, but the
honeymoon soon ended as he
moved toward communism.
Cuban refugees streamed to
America and now more than
100000 Castro-hating Cubans live
in Florida, existing only for the
day Castro can be overthrown.
For more than two years, the
exiles have plotted and planned
against Castro in Miami, Wash
ington and New York, but they
have been frustrated by their
utter inability to agree on any,
thing except their hatred for the
man who has ruined Cuba. The
United States Government esti-
mates there are between 100 and
200 organizations in Miami alone,
all pulling separately.
Evening star., 1962-12-30
BY NARANJAN s. UPPAL
Contributing Writer

Ceylon Premier Mrs. Bandara-
make will embark this week on
a peace mission" which aims at
inducing Communist China and
India to enter into negotiations
and reach, according to her. a
lust solution which will not i'm
pair either the interests or the
dignity of the two countries"
At India's suggestion, she would
visit Peking first, for 1t is q large
area Of the Communist Chinese
mind which is terra incognita
while India's case need neither be
shrouded in ambiguous peace Of
fers" nor strengthened by ruth
less military offensives. She is ex-
pected in New Delhi on January 10.
The basis of her discussions will
be the proposals drawn up recently
by the Colombo meeting Of six
non-aligned nations-Ceylon, In
donesia, Burma. Cambo dia,
Ghana, and the United Arab Re-
public. These proposals have al
ready been sent to New Delhi and
Peking through a special Ceylon-
eSe envoy.
WeIl-Known Secret Proposals
Mrs. Bandaranaike's task is
unique and tremendous. II Is
unique because never before have
the non-aligned tried to settle
dispute In their own area. 1t Is
tremendous because six small or
medium sized countries, with a
total population Of under 200 mil
lion, are dealing with a dispute
between the two colossi comprising
1900 million people.
The secret" proposals, which
have leaked out, embody two gen.
eral principles: Firstly. nowhere
along the 2.500-mile-long front
will Indian troops be required 10
make any further Withdrawals:
secondly, In the eastern sector, the
Mcmahon Line will. in general, be
regarded as the ceasefire line.
In the Ladakh sector. the Com
rnunist Chinese will be asked to
withdraw 20 kilometers from their
1859 claim line. i.e.. the present
"line OF control The zone Of
disengagement 80 created will be
demilitarized under Joint civilian
control.
The status quo is more or less
accepted in the central sector.
In the North East Frontier
Agency. the Indian Army may ad-
vance 10 the Mcmahon Line. But,
contrary TO an earlier report, this
will not give them the right TO oc-
cupy Dhola or Jongju: these posts
are to be the subject Of negotia-
tions, with the expectation that
each side would retain one.
India would. thus. stand 10 lose
Evening star., 1962-12-30
Few Parties at Home

AS for his personal life. the pro-
tocol chief gets almost no chance
TO entertain at home. He makes It
a practice TO attend official func-
tons, but not social ones. to 60
TO a party on a National Day, but
not TO a party for a minor sub
official.
He has beefed UP his own staff.
having officers attached 10 the
Peace Corps and 10 the foreign aid
program. He has three assistant
chiefs Of protocol who accompany
visiting dignitaries on their trips
around the United States, while
Mr.. Duke himself almost always
accompanies the President on
overseas visits.
Evening star., 1962-12-30
Living Standards

Living Standards
A reason for their disappear
ance may be that governments of
The Man failed to meet 20th-
century demands for better living
standards, for one factor that
unltes most Of Latin America is
poverty. In many countries per
capita income is less than $500
a year and threatens to grow
smaller.
Overall, the economy Of Latin
America was weaker in 1861 than
in 1860. Prices of exports, notably
coffee, were lower. Yet costs of
imports increased. The output of
most countries declined. Initiation
had even the largest nations
stumbling. Brazil, biggest and
most populous of all, devalued its
currency. So did Chile, Colombia
and Argentina, where the value
Of the peso fell by almost half
Millions are without adequate
food and shelter. A midnight
stroller in Lima found scores of
children sleeping on sidewalks in
the shadow of plush hotels. In
Argentina, one of the great beef
producing nations, initiation and
Evening star., 1962-12-30
CeyIon Chiefs Peace Mission
Tough Test for the Non-AIiqned

viously being unrealistic. Such
denunciatory declarations would
have been pointless heroics mas
much as the Chinese are not
amenable to moral pressure.
Moreover, 1t may have been too
much to expect the conference
to be brave enough publicly to
censure China when Mao Tse-
tung Is virtually breathing down
the necks Of four Of the six par
ticipants.
Evening star., 1962-12-30
Rebels Release Seen
atefuI for Castro

reporter asked one Cuban soldier
in a United States uniform. NO."
he replied, "the underground"
The brigade that tried and
failed at the Playa Giron might
just do 1t. These young men. for
the most part, came back from
prison last week breathing fire.
But, more important, they came
back as a symbol that all Cubans
can admire and rally round. They
have an inspiring banner of blue
and yellow. They have a thun-
derous song, "Que Triste Estoy!"
They have esprit de corps.
The yellow Worms Moy Turn
1t was Castro himself who, un-
Willingly, gave the Brigade its
symbol - the color yellow. When
the beaten invaders were brought
before him after American air
support failed to come into the
fight, Castro called them "gusanos
amarillos yellow worms"
He forced them to wear yellow
shirts as a badge Of their Gin
fanny" But the prisoners adopted
the color as a mark of honor and
now thousands Of Cubans, within
Cuba and without, wear a frag-
ment Of the color to demonstrate
their opposition.
Enrique Ruiz-Williams, one of
the freed prisoners, said, HE
called us yellow worms. We told
him we accepted the name be-
cause these worms grow only
where something is very rotten"
Who has the stature to lead
the rejuvenated opposition to
Castrop Maj. Hubert Matos, 43,
is respected by most Cubans ex-
cept the die-hard Communists,
but he Is in prison. Mr.. Artime is
articulate and forceful but rather
young at 30. Former President
Manuel Urrutia, ousted by Castro
and living under guard, is re-
spected but lacks dynamism.
The truth is that the exiles now
have an organization that could
rally them to a single-minded
fight, but have not yet come UP
with leader to match the sort
Of appeal Fidel had when he
fought Batista in the mountains.
Evening star., 1962-12-30

communism while the United
States is spending great sums to
encourage such support elsewhere.
IF we could move halfway
around the world this country
would be flooded with Unite d
States aid" a Peruvian business
man said bitterly. Look at what
has been done for India, Afghani-
stan even Yugoslavia. Nehru
flirts with Moscow and you build
him dams, offer him planes. Cas-
tro flirts with Moscow and you
threaten invasion"
Latin Americans point out that
prior to 1860 only about 10 per
cent of United States economic
aid was spent in this hemisphere.
The Alliance for Progress was de-
signed to remedy this imbalance,
but in II months of operation it
has failed to win many friends.