davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Navajo times., 1962-03-21

1000 miles per hour and space
craft with speed exceeding II;
OOO nlph were unknown.
These have been made possible
by ordinary men and women just
like those in the present graduating
classes.
McCorkle stressed that people
of genius are very rare, but that
the formula for success, available
to everyone, was that they "enjoy
their work, concentrate on making
the most of ba sic skiIlS. You are
needed and your sklls are needed.
Do not underestimate your capa-
bilities. 80
Selecting career was des-
cribed as determining a way of
life. Service to others was en-
pha sized as a key to success and
the more important the position,
the more opportunity is given to
serve others.
General McCorkle singled out
the Navajos as people who have
known deprivation and hardship
and through these had developed
new skills and made great ac-
compli shments. He said that ''in
Navajo times., 1962-03-21
Enjoy Work Concentrate On Basic SkiUs
General McCorkIe Addresses
School Graduating Seniors

1860, the Navajo people returned
from the Long Walk to an arid
land, and because of the dangers
and suffering they faced, they
were prepared to acquire the new
skills and vocations to survive and
grow"
Walter Olson, Assistant Area
Director of BlA, spoke on en-
ployment in the government SER
vices. He indicated wide fields
open in government work, includ-
ing Forestry, Library Science,
Economics, Fish and Wild Life,
Law Enforcement and Engineering.
These jobs offer good pay, op-
portunity for advancement, wide
fringe benefits, with one out of
every nine workers in America
holding job with the government.
Placements are made by examip-
arions, which are open to any in
terested person. There are many
jobs open through various agencies
to high school graduates.
The program received wide at
tention, including coverage on
KOB-TV newscasts.
Navajo times., 1962-03-21

General Charles M. McCorkle,
Commander, Kirkland Air Force
Base, was the keynote speaker at
the Junior Business Conference
held at Manuelito Hall in Gallup
on March IL.
The conference was held for
high school seniors, under the
sponsorship of the Guidance De-
Partment of Gallup High School
aud Manuelito Hall.
General McCorNe described
the many and varied vocations
available to the present graduates.
He stated ''Never before have
there been so many career pos
sibilities. With every invention
a multitude of new careers develop
just two years ago. open heart
surgery, aircraft with speeds of
Navajo times., 1962-03-21

basis for tuition. However, the
school would be open to all Nava-
10 and non-Navajo students who
are properly qualified.
The anthropology course is
planned as a summer course by
the Arizona State University and
the Tribal Parks Comni ssion.
Navajo times., 1962-03-21
urkeys Want
Hand Outs

Chief Ranger Damon and Ranger
Samuel Begay of the Tribal Parks
Commi ssion have been on turkey
patrol recently. The birds seemto
feel that being fed is preferable
to scrounging for themselves!
X X X X
Ranger Bobby Begay is now a
proud papa and we will give you
more details later.
X \ X X
Sergeant Richard George is on
leave but will be back in Tuba
City in time to meet the tourist
with his usual smile.
Navajo times., 1962-03-21
Documentary Film Made

special feature of the Junior Business Conference for
high school seniors held March IL Manueto Hall the
filming of documentary feature with Lorraine Cody Crown
point and Navajo Airman Harold Tsoi in prominent roles
The film, which made Manueito Hall
locations the reservation compared the Indian
of life and the Modern
The film will be shown throughout the United States and the
world show what the BA and the Tribe doing further
the education and progress of the Navajo people.
Navajo times., 1962-03-21
Cross Canyon Project Approved

Kinlinchee Chapter mas
unanimously approved thepro-
posed renovation and school at
Cross Canyon Ruins.
Sam Day iii said that this pro-
iect Will function under the Tribal
Parks COmmi ssiOn. He stated that
'sunder the agreement Navajo SUI
.aGs wossld be on a residence
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-12

A new tapped series featuring the
Boston Symphony Orchestra. Charles
Munich conducting. premieres on
channel to highlight the Tv pro-
gramming for Sunday. Aug. 10. CThis
list is compiled from available in
formation)
The Catholic Hour (l:30 pm,
WRC-D. A French documentary on
the life of st. Theresa Of Lisieux.
Wide World Of Sports Is pm,
WNGAL-7. The Gold Cup Hydro
plane race from Seattle; also the Ok
Ridge Hunt Club Horse show from
Darien. Conn.
Twentieth Century (6 pm. WTOP
-O. Crisis at Munich"-a report on
the 1898 Munich pact.
Follow The Sum G:30 pm. WAdAL
%. Keenan, Wynn, Eduardo Clam
ELI, guest stars. Chicago Style"
Repeat)
Ed Sullivan Show e pm, WTOP-
81. Thirteen professional acts. new
The Sunday Stor ~ Mosozins.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-12

corners to TV, are featured. Includes
the world champion accordionist, a
concert pianist. pop and classical
singers.
Boston Symphony Orchestra e
pm, WTTG-5). Charles Munich
conducting. Handel: Suite from
Water Music; Brahms Symphony
No. 2.
Hollywood Special $3.50 pm,
WMAL-D. Burt Lancaster in THE
Kentuckian." Repeat)
BONANZA 20 pm, wRC-4). Drama
concerning the youth Of Nobel prize
winner Albert Nicholson. Repeat)
GE Theater 20 pm, WTOP-9).
MY Dark Days-Prelude," part one
Of true story Of housewife who joined
the Communist party as an FBI
agent. (Repeat)
Show Of the Week 90 pm, WRC-
-. ''The Forgery" starring Arthur
Kennedy as q Dutch painter con-
victed of forging q painting attrib-
uted to Vermeer.
ashinston. D. C.. August u. 1862 s.
Navajo times., 1962-09-05
SICK HAVE TWO NEEDS

But, something else was ex-
pressed in the statement -Sorne-
thing that overShadows all other
Reasons tor the survival of Navajo
medicine. White and Navajo medi-,
cine are not just two different
methods of treatment, like chemo-
therapy and surgery. A sick per-
son has two needs: to be healed and
to be treated. In this instance the
latter had served the former, but
they are not the same. and the
ceremony Tor any way of t a king
care of the patient) is almost a.;
important as the actual success o
the treatment. And where the re.
suit is less satisfactory or ever
less dramatic, care comes COM
pletely into its own.
These essentials of disease
were brought home to me by nv
sojourns on the Navajo Reserva-
tion.
We have tremendously enlarged
the range of effective treatment.
both for the individual and the sta
tistical picture We have done so by
discovering and using measurable
facts. But we have not so mucn
extended the biblical age as en-
abled more and more people to
come closer to it. Once the limit
is near, or by irreparable signs is
discerned from far away, all pro-
greSS seems to have come to
naught. Discomfort. pain. fear.
weakness, decay and the specter
of death beset the patient the same
as his archaic brother, and his ex-
pectations from the physician are
not different.
Navajo times., 1962-09-05

old girl had been brought in suf
fering abdominal pain.
Her father pressed her head,
an old man massaged her abdo-
men by lifting the skin with his
fingers. woman meaded her legs.
The behavior of the girl was con-
spicuousy hysterical and there
was only minor resistance of the
abdominal muscles on palpatior
But she was pale and the pulse wa
so fast. irregular and weak, that
could not count it.
had to consider the posSibilit
of ruptured ectopic pregnancy an
urgently advised immediate trans
portation to the hospital. The fam
lily declined and declared their
intention rather to arrange for a
sing.
A few days later. ran into the
father who could express himself
in English. He reported that tn, y
had had a sing and the girl W
doing fine. And then he added {
approximate rendition( 1.-THE whi /,
doctor should study the medici
mans art, too. Then he would nt
both and would be better than ii
medicine man.
The viewpoint of a progressive
conservative Navajo could not have
been more SuccinCtly presented.
We must not assume that the man
had clear insight into the ply
choSomatic mechanism of this ana
similar healing. Although Some
Indian tribes believe that diseases
may come from untitled desires.
as whole it is a modern concep-
tion. If a Navajo has particular
sing performed, let's say becau.
he assumedly has stepped on be;
tracks, he takes this thing to G
literally true.
Navajo times., 1962-09-05
NOT A VACUUM

When / went out for the first
time, | expected that | would be
bringing aid 10 people who had
nothing IN the way of medicine.
i}ur. as others before M, quick
ly learned that ! had moi stepped
into vacuum. The Navalos have
a Well-developed medical system
OF their own and it has not van
iShed before the impact of rhe
white mans medicine. AT the Same
time the Navalos accept white
medicinel
CONDITIONS differ from plac4 t.
place on the Reservation and are
changing ~onsrantk 49, sometimes
quickly s0Ineti mes imperceptibly
Lukach hukai is NOT a town but a
center with a mi SSlon, school trad
ing post anC noW chapter house.
which together give an area OF
three TO toui thOuS and inhabit ants
Geographic entity fienlmed IN BY
mountains and the upper reaches
OF Canyon de Chiefly, Lukachukai
was not unit rec Gently easy TO reach
from the white mems highways
and, consequently, faithful to ira
dition Yet the inf nfiuence OF the
mission and the year long pre-
sence oi the dlspensary gave the
Navajos a favorable relation with
the white people and especi ally
with their medicine
Navajo times., 1962-09-05

(Reprinted from the Desert Ma
gazine June, 1862, with the per
mission of the author, Robert
Brandt. M.D.)
For the past six summers |
have taken a busman's holiday
from my practice in Cincinnati to
administer to the illnesses of the
Dine--the People--the Navaios.
am dermatologist, but on the
Reservation | aided in whatever
came up. | worked at the St. Isabel
Mission of the Franciscan F athers
at Lukachukai, Arizona, deep with
in Navajoland. ST. Isabel has dis
pensary stated by Hospital Sisters
of st. Francis Registered Nurses,
but there is no permanent doctor
stationed there. The nearest one
is SO miles away; the nearest hos
pital, 20 miles. Until recently,
both were reached over miserable
dirt roads.
The US. Public Health Service,
which had taken over tie admins
rr alton Of medical services to the
NaVajos just a year before my first
visit. IS doing an excellent job
but the obstacles are great. The
&c ervation is huge--2S. coo
square miies~-and tbinly popu
lated~-9O, 900 people
Navajo times., 1962-09-05

here. Hogan means home, and al
though cabins and houses are ap-
pearing on the Reservation, they
are not called by the same name,
and hogan alone can be used for
religious ceremonies. Only when
you see the family in the hogan c an
you understand how the family ties
bind the Navajo 70 his tradition.
And. like the hogan, the Reser-
vation is his home. Most other
tribes we're forced into reserva-
tions--the Navajos were permitted
at their request to return to their
land. In this beautifully forbidding
country they lived far removed
from the benevolent as we'll as
greedy intentions of the white man.
When the Reservation became
more exposed 10 the outside world,
different attitude towards the In
dlans. which inc luded respect for
their past, had emerged among the
whites.
Navajo times., 1962-09-05
PATIENTS BASICALLY ALIKE

The simultaneous ex. StenCe OF
white and Navajo m edIcine
appeared in a varied picture. de-
pending on the situation. AT the
dispensary the patients were anna
Zlngly strange by clothes. man
ners, and language. and there was
hardly day that something un-
expected did not happen But the
people who came we're baSically
like patients everywhere. and |
did not at first recognize that this
was only one side of the medal.
AT the regular clinics that we
held at some distances from the
mission. in small chapels or under
the SKY. the Navajos seemed more
on their own, and their idiosyn-
craSleS we're more in evidence. 1t
sometimes happened that patient
who had been present all the time
did not bulge until we had our
things put back on the truck. Then
he, or more often she, came for
ward to consult me, and we had to
open bags and boxes again. ObW-
ously. had TO be watched before
| could be trusted.
But, this strange world was
really impressed on me when |
saw my first patient in hogan.
Sheepskins on the ground and
chest-of drawers represented the
furniture, and there we're no toilet
faci lities. Such a place would be
slum in the city, but it is not a slum
Navajo times., 1962-09-05

tive who could not breathe. The
cauS was, the messenger re-
ported, that some time ago the
victim had stepped on snake This
patient was known at the govern
ment clinic where he had been
given Aminophy lime for aSthmatic
attacks. Taking this medicine with
her. the Sister arrived at the hogan
and found the patient in serious
attack. The family was crowded in
the hogan and a medicine man had
already started his sing, presum-
ably an abbreviated form of the
Snake Rite The medic alton was
administered and in due time the
attack ceased. Which "healer" re-
ceiVed credit remains unknown.
If ceremony is performed not
to heal a present disease but to
ward off a possible future one,
there is no knowing what woulc
have happened if the sing had not
been held.
Navajo times., 1962-09-05
TWO PRINCIPLES OF HEALING

TWO PRINCIPLES OF HEALING
In other cases. the two princi-
pies of healing are taken as alrern-
ariVes. The patient may first 90 to
the clinic or hospital and later have
a sing performed If the medical
treatment does not turn OM effeC-
tive or if. in his conception. the
impers0nal an5 cursory hospital
routine does not satisfy him Con-
Vcrsek. the medicine man may be
tried first, but ii he fails (several
attempts being permitteu) the pa
tlent "chan9es doctors
lhe medicine man, IL is obvious,
often tries to steer the patient or
has family towards the perform
ance of chant We must oppose
his interference where delay OF
ratlonal treatment would be harm
tul. but we should not start with the
sumption that the medicine man
> not sincere. Furthermore. we
white doctors can 90 farther in
healing the patient with the medi
cine mans cooperation Ii We want
che cnanterS 10 recognize the limit
ol their range, our approach must
be reasonable. exerting the slow
persuasion that is So essential
with rhe NaVaJos Most medicine
men know that 1B patient needs
a doctor and mostly sanatorium.
They appreciate TO some degree
the need for operations. and had
few medicine men as dermato-
logical patients
This does not mean that it is
always easy to underst and the rea-
sonine of the Navajo patient A man
came late in the evening with ex-
cruciating pain of an abscess on
his hip. He had been working in
Colorado where a doctor advised
him to return home for treatment.
After Demerol injection, which
put the patient at ease, | advised
him TO proceed to the hospital. But.
next morning | learned that he had
decided first to have a sing. was
puzzled. This man had worked off
the Reservation where he had had
contact with the white world. He
spoke English. He had consulted
two doctors and had obtained ex-
cellent relief Why then did he
follow the Navajo way 2 Or why had
he not done SO from the very start?
Is the answer not perhaps that
white physicians are known to give
quick relief, which a sing cannot
match for speed2
When it became clear to my pa
tient that a protracted effort was
needed that he had to travel to the
hospital and stay there for an in
definite time, it was no rejection
of the white doctor if the patient
first tried familiar procedure in
familiar surroundings. Under the
circumstances. the sing was
reasonable alternative.
Navajo times., 1962-09-05
NAVAJOS BROADMINDED

This broadminded and at the
same time selective attitude was
once formulated to me by a Navajo.
One evening was called over to
the dispensary where a 17-year-
Navajo times., 1962-09-05

patlent, who remains the real GEN.
ter OF the ceremony although prac-
tlcally hidden in brush shelter.
This situation stems from the
fact that for the Navajo there is no
strict SeparateneSS betWee
disease. misfortune, personalfail-
ure, conflicts and unhappiness.
They are all disturbances of the
harmony within, with their sur
roundings, and with the universe.
If disturbances occur, is it not the
most natural thing to have the har-
mony restored by the man who an
do it through appropriate cere-
monies, the medicine man?
The term medicine man is
misnomer, because this religious
healer rarely uses medicine in our
sense. "Singer" or "Chanter" is
a better title. The ceremony is
known as "sing" because chant
ing is its most important compon-
ent. (The celebrate sand painting
is not part of every ceremony
The necessity for ali lndi vidual
10 have Il sing is episode: the
necessity for sings to be held is
continual As an example: soon as
tht first frost occurs, the Night
Chants begin. one can say. taking
some liberty, that it is NOT so much
the patient who needs the sing, as
the sing that needs a plenr at
least III those ceremonies that at
tract also healthy participants. As
long as the Navajo religion exists.
There will be ritual healing.
Having followed SO far, YOU may
wonder how this old religion can
persist in the atmosphere Of the
MISSION Twas amazed myself when
attended my first Squaw dance
with + ather Bla8e, the superior at
Lukachukai The dancing seemed
tame, bur the singing, rhe beat of
The drum. and the E. tiickering light
from rhe big fire overaWed me.
And out ot rhe darkness came the
reVerent voices OF NavaJos greet
ing the Catholic priest | was con-
fused. bot be understood it, and SO
do the People
Navajo times., 1962-09-05
PRIESTS UNDERSTANDING

Ono of the most important fac
tors here is the attitude of the
Franciscan pri g SITS While, of
course, aiming at Fundamental
changes from rhe beginning q 1881
they have treated the old beliefs
with patience and standing.
One of them the late + ather Ber-
arc Halle. was one OF rhe outstand-
ing scholars not only of the Navajo
language but also of their religion.
He was SAID to know the ceremonies
better than some OF the medicine
men. and his spirit still prevails.
On their side. the Navajos, even
those that have not come over vet,
recognize that the white mans re-
ligion is in close alliance with his
technical proficiency. The Navajo
genius for compromise allows him
to have what he considers the best
of both cultures.
Yet, the ceremonial medicine
could hardly have survived if
demonStrable effect did not appear.
at least sometimes. We must ac-
cept the mdenable power of psy-
chosomatlc influences of which
have seen several examples. The
ceremonies cannot be described
in this article even in their main
features. but it is easily under
standable that the patient for whom
an elaborate. meaningful, and ex-
pensive ceremony is performed
the fuss that is made over him.
grows in self -esteem. The ritual.
impressive even to the casual
guest. sustains mood of spiritual
elevation and makes the patient
susceptible to the forces within
that strive toward healing.
The two types of medicine may
live side by side in a very real
sense. For instance. a patient that
comes to the dispensary may also
have sing performed over him.
No harm in double treatment!
One night messenger came to
the mission to get help for a rela-
Navajo times., 1962-09-05

SOUAW DANCE NEEDS PATIENT
The Enemy Way. originally
meant for the purifica alton of the
returning warriors. including their
greeting by the women, has devel-
oped Tor deteriorated) into a social
festivity that can be considered an
equivalent of a coming-out party.
The white visitor who knows it as
"Squaw Dance" is rarely aware
that each such affair starts with
Navajo times., 1962-09-05

culture. Ihey are good learners --
and GOOD sltters" who accept
what they think is good for thcgn.
bul cannot be forced into anything
they tend 70 reject
This is rhe framework within
which the Navajos we're able TO
maim ain much OF their medical
tradition The question arises:
Did they maintain IT while at the
Same time welcoming the white
doctor Navajo medicine. as med
iclne does among all people (pr!nl-
hive and otherWise) consists Of
both empirical and magical" eIe-
mentS. The former was never as
important among the NavaJos as
the latter and is now widely sup.
planted by our 50 obviously super -
Tor practice.
Il the sanitary part Of the white
man ( medicine IS less easily i'll
froduceC. II Is not because OF any
resistance on the part of the Ma
Valo, but because of habit, partly
derived from the scarcity Of water
Yet progress is being made. When
saw my first clubhouse. it seemed
odd that there should still be out
houses in the mid 10Th Century
Then, after had lived on the Re
Servarlon 4 short time, began
marveling that these people had
any outhouses at all One o' tne
most impressive advances ! have
wines Sed in my six summers is
the increasing number of these
temples of progress
Health educ alton is not without
interesting sidellghts, where again
old ana new co-exiSt. A woman
accused a Navajo medicine man of
coniuring flies on her. and then
added: Mrs. Wauneka has told us
that flies bring germs " Mrs
Wauneka is a leader among the
People and intensely concerned
with health problems.
The ceptance OF national
treatment does not do away with
the need for the ceremonies. for TO
the Navajo. healing is religion. Be-
cause healing is attemptedthrough
religious ceremonies, there are
few important ceremonies that are
not fundamentally healing rites.
The Night Chant (Yeibichai) lasts
eight days and nine nights, and as
it progresses, more and more
visitors arrive, expecting some
general blessing to flow TO them
selves--but the rite is held pri-
marily for one or two patients
Navajo times., 1962-09-05
DYNAMIC CULTURE

The Navajos have a dynamic
culture They are good learners
and 2ood s,tter5" who accept
what they think is good for thcIn
bun cannor be forced into anything
they tend 70 reject
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-03
~ KEY PREVIEWS

Jackie Gleason Show-Agan Fontaine as Crazy in
the Joe the Bartender sk best part of the show
Crazy enlarges the theme of politics and elections
7:30 pm. WTOP-9.
Roy Rogers and Dale Evans ShowAnoher round of foksy
tunes like Saddle Pals and l." 1.-The Kid With the Rip
In His Pants and Riding Old Paint" plus Cliff Arouette
as schoolmarm and prospector and the Smothers
Brothers songs. 1880 pm. WMAL-7.
The Defenders"The Bgamjst" Second half Of tonigts
drama gives Felicia Farr impressive to play and
it's the highspot of the hour The plot about man who
marries again without dvorcing his mentally Ill first
wife isn't quite beevable until that scene $3.50 pm.
WTOP-9,
GunsmOke-Western fans will enjoy the oddba character
in this He's naive, smple-minded trapper who
comes to Dodge City minus his partner, to resume a
courshp with the town seamstress The lady sells him
right down the river and though her actions may
too broad Srother Martin the trappe lays on thick
and well. 10 pm. WTOP-s.
Tonight's Movies
900, WRC A)-Saturday Night at the Movies Beneath
the 12-Mie Reef" The fathers of modern Romeo and
Juliet captains Of competing sponge-diving fleets
Robert Wagner, Terry Moore, Gilbert Roland, Richard
Boone C953). @ 4
1:OO WTTG (5Playhouse Five "Suez" The story Of how
the Suez Canal was built Tyrone Power Loretta Young
Annabela 1889.
11:15, WMAL G)-saturday Night Movie "Mogambo." A
white hunter leads safari into the African gorilla
try. Clark Gable, Ava Gardner, Grace Kelly $685. Il