davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-17
Mississippi Contempt

1t looks as though trial, which will
not be clearly political or judicial, but
which will be compounded of elements
OF each, is shaping up in the case of
MisSissippi's Governor Ross Barnett and
his deputy, Lieutenant Governor Paul B.
Johnson.
There seems to be no doubt that
Messrs. Barnett and Johnson have been
guilty of civil contempt of the Federal
Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals in the
case of James Meredith and the Univer-
Sity OF Mississippi. That they initially,
ooStructed the appellate courts order
appears to be clear enough. 1t also seems
possible, however, that they purged
themselves of the civil contempt. At any
rate, Mr.. Meredith is enrolled in the uni
verSity and neither the Governor nor his
lieutenant has done anything to get him
out. In this murky area, while the ques-
ton OF original guilt may be clear, the
fixing OF an appropriate penalty remains
IN an uncertain area.
1t is against this background that
the appellate court has ordered the De-
partment of Justice to file criminal con-
tempt proceedings. We doubt that the
department is very happy about this.
for 1t will be proceeding that entails
serious political and judicial questions.
For example, will Governor Barnett, If
charged with criminal contempt, be
entitled to trial by "a jury of his peers"
II so, he doubtless will be found not
guilty. If not, if at the inStigation of
the Department of Justice under the
command Of Federal Court, he should
be tried without a jury, he probably will
be convicted, fined and possibly sent to
Jail. A Federal judge can be as arbitrary
and as high-handed as the next man.
This, one may be sure, is not pros
pect which appeals to the President or to
his brother, the Attorney General. For
II Governor Barnett should be Jailed on
criminal contempt charge without a
jury trial the political consequences to
the Democrats in the South could be
serious. At the same time, a court, even
divided court as in this case, must be
able to assert its proper authority. We
find 1t very difficult, however, to look
without deep miSgiving on the prospect
that handful of Federal judges in a
criminal contempt case, without Jury
trial, can jail the Governor and Lieu
tenant Governor Of any State. (Does
anyone remember the fight over the
Federal anti-Strike injunctions?) If this
power exists, then Mississippi, for all
practical purposes, is being managed by
six out of nine Federal judges, respon-
Sible to no one, who sit in New Orleans.
This remains true despite the fact that
Governor Barnett apparently has been
guilty Of civil contempt, and is liable to
appropriate punishment for that offense.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-17
Agrees With Sevoreid

I agree with the statement
OF Eric Sevareid, II believe
1t the plain duty of Govern
ment to aid the chances of
survival by the most
thorough planning and most
detailed instruction of every
citizen in civil defense"
Nothing less is acceptable.
Congressional leaders must
give serious consideration to
an adequate civil defense to
save millions of lives that
otherwise would be lost in
case of nuclear attack. This
must be done as soon as pos
Sible.
AS a start on the instruc-
ton of citizens in civil de-
tense, I recommend Price
List 84-Atomic Energy and
Civil Defense" which may
be obtained free from the
Government Printing Office.
This price list contains
many useful and informa-
tive booklet titles. The GPO
publishes much material on
civil defense that deserves
careful reading.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-17
Let's Spell 1t Out

There is one small loophole In Fidel
Castro'S reported threat to shoot down
American planes engaged in reconnais-
sance missions over Cuba.
AS announced by Havana radio, the
Castro letter to acting Secretary-G Gen
eral Thant contained this paragraph:
ANY war plane which violates the SOW
eretgnty of Cuba by invading our air
space will be able to do so only at the
risk Of being destroyed by our anti-air-
craft defenSeS" The words "at the risk
of being destroyed" may be hedge
And again they may not. On October
q, according to the reports, a w. plane
was shot down while on photographing
mission over Cuba. And there seems to
be no doubt that there are Russian
furnished fighter planes and anti-air-
craft rockets in Cuba which are capable
of knocking down reconnaissance planes.
SO the risk" definitely exists. 1t is
our hope, however, that the United
States Government will make it unmiS-
takably clear-clearer than 1t has been
made up to this point-that we will
react Immediately to any attack on an
American reconnaissance plane. And
this reaction should take the form of
the destruction by bombing or any other
necessary means of the anti-aircraft
bases or fighters which might be used
against us. 1t is irritating to read that
members of the rabble which Castro
calls his militia are being permitted to
harass the Marines in Guantanamo with
impunity. But it is inconceivable that
Castro, or his Russian overlords, will be
permitted to shoot down another Amer
lean plane and get away with it.
1t is true, of course, that these
reconnaissance planes are violating"
Cuban air space. But they are violating
it for two reasonS-first, because Castro,
as tool of the Kremlin, permitted the
Russians to set up offensive weapons in
his country, and, second, because until
now he has refused to permit on-the-
ground inspection to make certain that
this threat to our security actually has
been removed. In this situation we have
no choice except to look to our own safe
ty. And if in this process it becomes
necessary to lower the boom on Fidel
Castro, the United States has the means
and we hope it has the will to do so.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-17
The 'SpiegeI' Affair

1t may we'll be that Der Spiegel
("The Mirror"), West Germany's live
Hest and most successful news weekly,
has tended at times to be sensational
to the point of responsibility. Even so,
that does not justify the kind of treat
ment accorded it recently by agents
of Chancellor Adenauer's coalition gov
eminent
For those agents, striking in the
middle Of the night, staged raids on the
magazines offices in Bonn and Ham
rested the publisher and four editors
on loosely defined charges of suspect
ed" treason and bribery. The charges
apparently were based primarily on the
publications recent article alleging
grave weaknesses in West German armed
forceS-an article viewed by some of
DR.. Adenauer's aides as having violated
national security and given aid and
comfort to the enemy.
Be that as it may presumably the
case will be tried in the courts) the fact
remains that the Strong-arm nature of
the raids and the arrests stirred up a
storm of protest throughout West Ger
many. Indeed, the incident has remind
ed so many people of Hitlerism and the
methods of totalitarian dictatorship in
general that the Adenauer coalition has
come close to falling apart, with its
membership of Free Democrats threat
ening to quit, and thus upend the Bonn
government, unless the two officials
chiefly responsible for the trouble were
fired.
Chancellor Adenauer lost little
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-17

time in meeting this demand. The two
officials have been cast into the outer
darkness. Now the Free Democrats
are threatening to join the opposition
Socialists in demanding the resignation
of Defense Minister Franz-Josef Strauss.
Thus, the political togetherness in
Bonn is being severely shaken, and if
there Is another incident comparable
to the treatment of Der Spiegel, the
West German regime would almost GER
tainly collapse and that would have the
most serious consequences for the At
lantic community as a whole.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-17
D. c. General

Your staff writer, William
Grigg reports unjustified
medical freeloading and CHS
cling at our tax-subsidized,
D. C. General Hospital. Both
local and out-of- town delin-
quents ignore honesty and
reasonable responsibility and
walk out without paying.
Something must be done both
to protect the deserving needy
and the bankrupt, voteless
taxpayer. AS things are now,
the chiseler calls the tune
and we the voteleSS pick up
the check.
Some ugly facts should be
faced and not diSparaged as
intolerant raciSm: Our whole
social welfare program should
be predicated on helping the
deserving, and underprivi-
legged. But, most unwisely we
have been so fearful of the
political blackmail of the ir-
responsible, that we allow
them to monopolize that
which they only should share.
D. c. General should not be
what it iS-in effect a segre-
gated tax facility boycotted
by our white underprivileged.
1t is not enough for our die
tatorial political masters to
say to the voteless, the COL
ored alone have the right of
free choice and effective
veto.
There is no reason why the
weary taxpayer must provide
all the answers to every
health security need. And,
there is even less reason why
those who contribute the
least, should not only bene-
fit the most, but Shun Ell
Their fair accounting or equit-
able distribution. Fair shares
for all, with honest account
ability and humane suffi-
cheney that neither lacks nor
cheats, should be the ideal Of
all social engineering. But in
this voteless community, the
undeserving not only call the
tune-they write the music.
Thomas E. MattlngIy, M. ID
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-17
Non-Pdrtison Issue

The law makes it clear that,
School Board elections in
Montgomery County, Mary
land, shall be separated from
partisan practices employed
by those seeking election to
political office.
Article II of the Annotated
Code of Maryland, Section
II, provides that all voting
for County Board of Educa-
ton members shall be con-
Quoted on a non-partisan ba-
Sis and on a general County,
wide ticket; no designation
OF party affiliation shall be
placed upon any petition for
nomination nor upon any
voting machine or paper bal
lot used in said election"
In the recent election, the
public, possibly through lack
OF understanding of the law.
overlooked principles laid
down by Article II. The iden-
tity of School Board candi-
dates became enmeshed in
the public mind with political
parties and partisan factions
in the community, thus max
ing it difficult for people to
select candidates on the ba-
sis of their knowledge and
understanding of public edu-
cation as separate from po-
litical issues.
There are no adequate pro-
visions for enforcement Of
the law. 1t, therefore, seems
necessary to call the matter
to the attention of the voters
In the hope that they will
protest repetition of the sit
uation.
Numerous methods are
employed by other States for
selection of school board
members. However, the pres
ent law for Montgomery
County is specific and should
be upheld. II change is de-
sired by the citizens, 1t may
be m a de through orderly
democratic procedures.
The selection of school
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-17
Fun While 1t Lasted

, Dr. Paul Dudley White, the youthful
76-year-old bicycle-riding heart special
list, probably will appreciate this story
more than most. Exercise and stay
young, the famed physician to former
President Eisenhower breaches. Well,
Thoma Edmonds of England at least
gave it good try-until some migrate
took away his bike. Resentfully, Thoma
bought another. Same luck At the Old
Folks Home, Thoma, kid of 81, has
found that he just can't have fun any,
more, to say nothing of exercise.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-17
Park Restrictions

The attitude of the National
Park Service as to use of the
various roads under its juris-
diction is bureaucracy in
its pureSt form. They are I'M
able to see the people for
looking at the public" Thus.
those who traverse it's high
ways in private cars may en-
joy the scenery; those who
must travel by bus or on foot
are denied access to them. The
public" for whom, supposed
ly, Rock Creek Park is pro-
vlded and maintained at great
expense, must find it very
difficult to take advantage of
this privilege. When you con-
slider the vast area of the
park, the average number of
persons using it is absurd.
Any suggestion that COM
muterS be allowed access to
the newer roads is greeted
with cries of horror, and I'm
sure they would be kept out
OF Rock Creek Park if posi-
BILE. However, I'll warrant Mr..
Wirth travels back and forth
to work through it. He'd be
foolish if he didn't, since it is
practically in his back yard.
Perhaps that is the answer.
Those who live on the edge
Of the parks, as we do, may
consider them their private
property. Thus the owners"
of Glover-Archbold Park feel
justified in barring use of the
park to others not so happily
situated, even though in that
case they must use it on foot.
L should think a program for
viewing all our parks by bus
should be an integral part of
the work of the National Park
Service. The parks should, in
a word, be made available;
and the drive to make them
unavailable should cease.
Anita T. Cox,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-17
Astounding Feat

The American Psychiatric
Association, which is usually
so vocal. articulate, and
knowledgeable about every
thing on the national scene,
is strangely silent about the
astounding feat of one Of its
members, Charles E. Smith,
chief psychiatrist of the Fed
eral prison system, Washing
ton, D. C.
1t seems that DR.. Smith
diagnosed Gen. Walker with
out ever having seen or ex-
amined him, on the basis of
newspaper reports and at a
distance of 1000 miles. If DR..
Smith has achieved a med
ical breakthrough which
eliminates the necessity for
examining a patient before
making a diagnosis, he should
make haste to share his dis
covery with his fellow physi-
clans. Think of the time and
money everyone can save and
Congress will not need to ar
que about medicare.
If he has not made such
a breakthrough, however, one
can only suspect that DR..
Smith is suffering from oc-
cult-power decisions which
are characteristic of advanced
stages of megalomania. His
fellow practitioners should
hasten to his side and, at
least, record his case-study
for poSterity.
In either event, DR.. Smith
has made medical history and
will be famous from now on,
in one way or another.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-17
Retarded Children

In these uncertain times
new paths of happiness and
hope now seem to brighten
the horizon for our mentally
handicapped children, their
families and the thousands
of brain-injured babies yet
to be born.
At the onset of Retarded
Children's Week November
1920 I thank the press for
focusing attention on men
tally retarded children dur
ing the last year. Your paper
has been especially kind in
covering this subject and
generally stimulating inter-
est in the welfare Of these
children.
There is no greater TRACE
dy, no greater pain for a
family than to see its retard-
ed child pushed from the
normal path of life. Mental
retardation takes a toll of
suffering and economic waste
unmatched by any other type
OF disability. Excluded from
the social and intellectual
life of his friends-not &C
cepted in our society - often
hldden-more often ridiculed
unable to find a place for
himself in the natural scheme
of things-he is not identi-
fled as belonging. He re-
mains an alien. Very often
these children who are most
in need of love are the least
lovable. They stand outside
looking in-always the out
cast.
The crusade for education
al opportunities and social
equalities to which the re-
tarded should be entitled as
a matter of birthright still
has a long way to go. But
through the effective mar
shalling of forces under the
mighty banner of the Ma
tional Association for Re-
tarded Children, with the
newspapers and television
educating the public and
with the understanding help
of countless allies in Con-
gress, major victories have
been won. Much remains to
be done however, and espe-
cially neglected areas have
been our State hospitals and
training schools for the fee
ble-minded.
The test Of our Nation is
to be found in the manner
in which it cares for its
weakest members. Innocent
retarded children are every
body's responsibility and no
oody's fault, Let's continue to
help them-not hide them.
Mabel Rock KapIan.
Director, The Cliffy Center
Arlington, Virginia
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-17

I propose that, as a sub
stitute for our present futile
gestures toward civil defense,
we undertake a series of mass
excavations of our large
cities under military direc-
ton. Through practice we
can learn to carry out this
difficult operation within
the few hours that will mean
life or death to a large frac-
ton of our population.
This plan, which offers the
only hope in the event of
nuclear attack, has probably
been considered by RESPONSE
BILE officials in the past.
There are reasonable objec-
tions: that the warning time
would not exceed a half hour,
or that rehearsals would be
too expensive.
The Cuban crisis has
changed the picture in an
important way. We have
learned to take the initiative
In matters affecting our Sc
curity. This cannot fail to
improve our estimate of what
the next "a hours will bring.
In any event it will be a
great comfort to know that
our cities can be emptied in
a few hours, should it become
necessary to take a firm
stand on another vital issue.
Admittedly the cost of each
rehearsal will be high in
terms of the loss of national
productivity and in personal
inconvenience. But the ability
of our people to face the I'LL
innate test with assurance
constitutes a national weap-
on comparable with an effec-
tive system of ballistic mis-
sile defense.
II. ]. Adams.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-17

board officials must not be-
come a foil for partisan in
terest. Montgomery County's
educational system deserves
better than that.
Mrs. c. M. Derryberry.
President, League of Women
voters of Montgomery
County.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-17
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Robot Papa Knows Best and Bach
By THOMAS R. HENRY

photocells. The number could
be increased indefinitely.
If an exact amount of light
gets through 1t will actuate
an electric current. The
amount, however, must be
very exact. Different amounts
for example, will be required
for a photocell representing
A and one representing B. 1t
never will be quite the same.
An A photocell will not react
at all to the precise amount
of light which will pass
through a B photocell. Quite
a different electric pattern
will be established.
This is the simplest sort of
example. Actually the discri-
minatory ability considerably
exceeds that of the human
eye. Take, for example, the
Bach recognition. Light from
a page of Bach music is flash
ed over and over again against
the photocells. There must be
a recurring pattern of Bach
notation with which the ma
chine becomes familiar. No
person, so far as known, ever
has been able to detect this
pattern.
Good at Fiscal Sorting
The particular pattern,
however, in all probability
does not recur in the nota-
ton pattern of some other.
composer, perhaps as dis
tinguished as Bach or per-
haps quite ordinary. Missing
the notation pattern the
machine Immediately sig
mails: This is not Bach. Two
thirds of the time it is right.
The apparatus seems close
to superhuman at any sort
of visual sorting task. 1t
teaches itself with a little
human help, as it has taught
itself to recognize the author
OF a particular sheet of
music, far better than any
human could hope to do.
At present, as described by
DR.. Borsellino, it is confined
to one of the five senses
sight. There are quite APP
parent possibilities, however,
OF extending it, in some
form, to the other human
senses. A mans world. after
all, is made up entirely as
what he sees, hears, smells,
touches, etc. What comes
through these senses is the
basis for all his deductions,
all his thinking.
The Italian physicists ap-
pear at least to have dupli-
Gated to some degree sensory
organization. The human
sensory' organization sends
supposedly electrical impulses
to the brain which effect
particular parts Of the brain.
Papa apparently is doing the
same thing.
The possibilities for tomor-
row seem beyond present i'm
Imagination.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-17
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used If
letters carry WriterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
tiers are subject to condenSa-
ton. Those not used toiH be
returned only Uhen accom-
panied By self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-17

should, the demand for tax
reductions as a stimulant to
get the country on the road
to an expanded economy came
from many quarters. The
United States Chamber of
Commerce, the labor unions,
and many Government eco
nomists advised an immedi-
ate cut. The President, at the
time, would not agree. There
was much talk about the diff
ficulty of getting favorable
action from Congress. The up
shot was a promise by Presi-
dent Kennedy to recommend
tax reductions to the new
Congress, meeting next jan
uary-reductions which would
be retroactive to the begin
ming of the calendar year
1868. He also promised to
watch economic conditions
and, If necessary, to call Con-
gress back into special session
for tax reduction.
Bigger Budgets
Since the Kennedy admin
istration came into office
January 20, 1861. the Federal
budgets have been increased,
the national debt has run
over the $300-billion mark
and the Congress has given
temporary authority for a
debt limit of 1908 billion.
Government expenditures
have risen not alone for ma
tional defense and space pro-
grams. The pay of civil Fed
eral employees has been in
creased. The number of these
employees, according to Civil
Service Commission reports,
has grown from 1858, 773 in
January, 1861 to 2,502,461 in
September, 1862. This is an
increase of 134.207 in a year.
and-a-half. The expectation
is that with new programs
and projects coming up. the
number of civilian employees
will be swelled to consider
ably greater figures. These to-
tails include the employees Of
all three branches of the
Government. The big increase
came in the number of EN-
ployes in the executive
branch, where indeed, the
great mass of Government
workers are employed.
Republicans, as we'll as
Democrats, are urging reduc-
tons in the tax burden which
has been great for years. For
mer President Eisenhower
has spoken out in support.
But he has also said there
should be compromising re-
auctions in Government eX-
penditures. Senator DirkSen
of Illinois, Republican leader
of the Senate, has predicted
that domestic affairs, partic-
ularly fiscal affairs. will be
the issues fought out in the
coming session of Congress.
He called attention to one
feature of the economic stu
alton rarely discussed by the
administration the cost
price squeeze. The biggest
costs are for labor, and la
boris wages are something
the Government speaks
mildly about, if it speaks at
all.