davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-12

West Germans and the few
Berliners the Communists al
low through their controls.
Where possible the Reds have
cleared open space on their
side Of the border to make a
strip on which escapes can
easily be spotted.
From a helicopter this strip
looks like a small road winding
around the city limits. The sand
is carefully swept.
From the air the barricades
have a chilling orderliness.
Thousands of concrete posts
are in straight ranks. Concrete
obstacles on roads make tidy
patterns. Frontier posts are
painted bright red and white.
Some 20 miles Of the border
is water. The Spree River runs
through the city center, the
Havel River along the west
border.
One bank Of the Havel is
lively with summer bathers, its
water crowded with sailboats,
launches and pleasure
steamers.
The other side is dead. There
are no bathers, since the bank
is cut off by three rows OF
barbed wire. The only craft are
police boats with machineguns
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-12
DATELINE LONDON
German Doctor
Exposed Druq
BY ANTHONY WHITE
Associated Press staff Writer

LONDON. Aug. 11.-When
the baby smiled for the Ger
man doctor it looked like any
normal. healthy infant-but il
had been born without arms.
The doctor was Widukind
LEM, q pediatrician.
Troubled at the frequency OF
such births In Hamburg, DR.
Lenz kept asking himself: What
is causing this horrible thing?
Why so many babies without
arms, without legs?
The question began q search
that gradually was to unfold
into the tragedy of thousands
Of women who took the drug
thalidomide.
The day was November IL
1861.
DR.. Lenz questioned the
mOLnef.
Had she eaten any unusual
foods during her pregnancy?
Had Taken Sedative
No. but she had taken seda-
tive pills repeatedly.
Which pills?
Contergan, she said.
This was a trade name OF
thalidomide. q drug developed
in Germany,
1t was the first clue.
Contergan was widely dis
tributed in Germany and wom-
en- in Britain were taking it too
and in probably q dozen coun-
tries besides.
The toll Of deformed babies
Is estimated at $500 in Ger.
many last year alone, in Britain
around 1000.
I'm the late summer Of 1876
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-12
APP World Spotlight: The News and What's Behind It

the flow continues at what is
considered the normal 100 a
day.
But Colonial Secretary
Claude Burgess estimates the
flow has tripled the last few
months. to more than 800 q day
or about 10000 q month.
Almost 100000 refugees
stormed barbed wire barri-
cades in q mass overland break
for freedom last May, but two
thirds Of these were intercepted
and sent back to China.
Most refugees prefer the
cramped, uncomfortable sea
routes because they are less
hazardous and strenuous than
the overland routes. Those re-
quire hours of trudging over
heavily patrolled mountains
and through brush. and the
routes are criss-crossed by
barbed wire barricades and
dotted with Communist and
British sentry posts.
It is considered physically
impossible to check every fish,
ing junk in Hong Kong waters
especially at night.
Smugglers Ruthless
Even when a boat-load Of
refugees is intercepted and sent
back toward the China coast,
there's nothing to prevent II
from turning around and max
ing another try.
The smugglers are ruthless,
one of the snakes" said.
They abuse and manhandle
passengers. Most Of them are
drug addicts.
What could we do?" he
shrugged. I'VE were completely
at their mercy"
Dozens Of travel agencies"
are engaged in human snug
Cling.
There is no fixed fare for the
Macao = Hong Kong passage
Charges are based on sex, age
financial status and dialect
spoken, and range from $50
to 500.
Women, considered more of 9
burden than men, pay higher
rates. Adult fares are lower
than children's. Smugglers de-
mand more money from
wealthy-looki refugees. And
people speaking the local Can
tonese dialect have a decisive
edge over those who don't.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-12
Anniversary
OF Berlin Wall
Is Tomorrow
Wreuths to Be Hung
On Burbed Wire
Dividing City
BY GEORGE HOLLYWOOD
Associated Press Staff Writer

BERLIN, Aug. 11.-At high
noon Monday traffic in West
Berlin will come to a three
minute halt. Workers will lay
down their taskes. The Free
dom Bell, a copy Of the Ameri-
can Liberty Bell, will toll.
On the barbed wire that
makes up part of the hated Red
wall, new wreaths will be hung.
The wreaths will commence
rate the victims of Communism
the dead, the imprisoned and
those separated from families
and friends by the wall.
1t is the walls first ami
versary.
On Sunday, August 10, 1861,
the Communist regime of East
Germany sealed off West Ber-
lin to stop its being used as an
escape hatch by thousands of
East Germans.
Guarded by 10000
They began with a few
strands Of barbed wire. In the
past IL months they have toiled
necessarily to build a fearsome
barricade of concrete and iron.
1t is guarded day and night by
10000 armed men with orders
to shoot down any countrymen
trying to get through it.
The barricade around West |
Berlin is one of the strangest |
objects ever built by man.
People from all over the
world have travelled to Berlin, |
ITO miles behind the Iron Cur
tain, to look at it. They nearly |
always say the same thing:
Unbelievable" Despite what
they have read, the pictures
they have seen, the first sight |
comes as a shock.
Robert F. Kennedy called it
"an admission of the failure of |
communism" Willy Brandt,
mayor of West Berlin, dubs it
madness in stone" West Ber-
liners call it "the wall of
shame" and have scrawled on
1t the letters K.Z.-the Ger
man abbreviation for concen-
tration camp.
The man who made it, Com
munist Leader Walter Ulbricht,
blandly calls it "a normal
frontier" The building of the
wall he simply refers to as 1.-The |
security measures of August |
49,"
This reporter has watched
the wall grow from the start. I
was the last person to drive
across the famed Potsdamer
Platz, once Berlin's busiest in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-12

States officials in Ottawa &C
knowledge they are not happy
over some Of the restrictive
measures in Prime Minister
John Diefenbaker's austerity
program aimed at reducing
Canadian spending abroad.
Since Canada Is the best Gus
toner for United States goods,
one of the sore spots south of
the border is the new sur
charge Of 5-15 per cent on
about half Of the goods Canada
imports. This measure Is in
tended to discourage imports,
but it also is designed to raise
about $500 million in revenue
on goods that come in despite
the levy. 1t is called a tenn
porary action.
Complaints From U. s.
Some United States manu-
facturers have complained that
the Canadian surcharges will
have the effect Of eliminating
American products from COM
petition In the Canadian mar
ket.
Another irritant to United
States business is the sharp re-
duction in the amount Of goods
Canadian travellers may bring
back to Canada. Particularly
hard-hit are retail outlets near
the border which normally rely
on substantial Canadian pur-
chases. Canadians may now
bring home only SIS worth of
merchandise on any one trip
instead Of 500 as before.
Senator Kuchel, Republican
Of California, charged recently
in Washington that the Cana
dian import levies will hit
States producing fruits, vege-
tables and meats for sale to
Canada.
Some Canadians also are wor-
ried by the governments pro-
tectionist efforts. j. Terence
Manley, vice president of the
Canadian Importers and Trad
erS Association, said recently
the program was bound to af-
feet Canada's trade relation
ship with many countries with
whom we have a favorable bal
ance Of trade"
Retaliation Invited
He added that the surcharges
may also Invite retaliation
from those countries whose ex-
ports are affected by these
taxes"
Arthur Temple, jr., president
Of the National Lumber Manu-
facturers' Association in the
United States. has urged Presi-
dent Kennedy to impose tenn
porary quotas on Canadian
softwood.
Devaluation of the Canadian
dollar has given Canadian ex-
porters a big advantage. United
States buyers in effect get a
discount Of about rs cents on
the dollar-the difference be-
tween the United States dollar
and the pegged Canadian dol
lar. The cheaper Canadian dol
lar also Is Turing United States
tourists in record numbers.
Latest trade figures show
Canada's foreign trade was
booming. Due partly to the de-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-12

valuation Of the dollar, Cam
ada's exports to the United
States In May were up 32.1 per
cent over the figure for May,
1861. Canada's United States
exports, however, still fell far
short Of her imports from the
United States.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-12

my colleagues and myself In
Hamburg had noticed a fire.
quency of malformed babies"
says Lenz.
One Main Cause
"The malformations were
repeated mostly in the same
form-there would be only one
main cause.
$50 I went out to look up
families and personally Ques-
ton them"
Within a few days DR.. LEM
turned up II babies similarly
crippled. -.
All II mothers told him they
had taken Contergan during
early pregnancy.
DR.. LEM contacted other
doctors and medical officials
in all the German states. He
told them what he feared. 81
BY November Is he was able
to tell the North Rhine-West-
phalia Society for Pediatrics;
There are indications that Con.
tergan is dangerous.
Noted In Australia ,
Almost simultaneously a doc
tor in Australia made the same
finding.
DR.. W. G.. Mcbride saw q
connection between thalido-
mide and the births Of several
deformed children.
He reported his suspicious
November 20 to the firm mar
keting thalidomide In Britain
and Australia.
In Germany. DR.. Lenz's re.
port to the pediatrics society
was q bombshell. The Chemie
Gruenenthal Co. had discov-
cred thalidomide in 1854 and
had tested in until 1857.
The drug had been given to
rats and mice to see II It was
toxic, to cats for possible eff
fects on blood pressure. to rab.
bits in case 1t caused fever and
to guinea pigs to exclude al
lergic effects.
Was Believed Safe
Thalidomide came through
these tests. 1t was q sedative
and hypnotic which seemed an
attractive alternative to more
dangerous barbiturates. Chill
dren had swallowed big doses
and suffered no Ill effects. ~
So Gruenenthal felt thai.
domide was safe. ~
In April, 1868, thalidomide
was marketed in Britain after
British clinicians put It through
controlled trials which ruled
it safe.
Why didn't the scientists
test for possible Ill effects on
the unborn?
1t wasn't the practice. Preg-
nant women were considered
to be In q biologically excep-
tional category and not suited
for such tests.
In Germany. after DR.. LEM
made his report. Gruenenttal
offered to tell doctors not to
prescribe the drug for preg.
nant women. This was not
enough. doctors agreed. and
all supplies in the hands Of
wholesalers, doctors and drug
lgists were called In November
20. 1861.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-12
DATELINE OTTAWA
Canadian Curbs
Provoke Fears
By MAX HARRELSON
Associated Press Staff Writer

OTTAWA, Aug. 11.-"Cana-
dian Sales in U. S. Menaced"
Ottawa Fears U. S. Drive
to Keep Defense Dollars"
Lumber Curb Pressure Rises
in U. S."
These headlines in Canadian
newspapers reflect an aware
ness that United States COM
petitors are resisting this coun-
try's buy Canadian" campaign
while Hobbies in Washington
seek curbS on Canadian exports
At the same time, United
The Mississippi enterprise. (Jackson, Miss.) 1938-current, 1962-03-17
Brondon Notes
Robert williamson, Agent

Mrs. Is. ID. RuShlng Will be
the guest of Rock Star M. B.
Church at service sponsored
by Deacon Shelby McLaurin.
The public is invited.
REMINDER: On March 10,
20, 81, at 7:30 P. NJ, there
will be G Service at the True
vine M. B. Church in Brand
on. Sis. Johnnie White will
speak on Monday night. Rev.
r. j. Napkins will speak Tue
esday night, Rev. w. H. Hines
will speak on Wednesday
night The public is cordially
invited.
SUNDAY, March Is, at 2:
P. M. Mrs. Johnnie White will
be the guest speaker at the
Wesley M. E. Church in
Brandon, the service being
sponsored by Mrs. Bertha
Carter-Jones. The public is
invited.
After a wonderful Home
coming Program at the Rock
Star Church, Mr.. and Mrs.
F. B. Benson and Mrs. Mary
Young from Carter High
School; Mr.. and Mrs. A. J.
Finch and Mr.. Wilkerson
from Wilkerson County Train
ing School enjoyed a delicious
dinner in the home of Mrs.
Bertha Carter Jones.
Mr.. and Mrs. Charles Bar
nett were happy to have as
guest last week, Miss Louisi-
ana Guy from Chicago, ILL.,,
mother of little Cynthia Town
send. Cynthia plans to spend
the summer with her mother
in Chicago. Miss Guy is en-
ployed at Charles A. Steven
son & Co., in Chicago.
A Shower was given in the
home of Mr.. and Mrs T.. q
Wright for their daughter.
Mrs. Ardean Floyd, who be-
came the bride of Mr.. Walter
Floyd recently. The couple
wish to express their thanks
to everyone for the many
lovely gifts received.
Mrs. Clara Mae Riley is
reported to be resting nicely
after returning home from
the Brandon hospital.
Miss Mary Bilbro is report
ed to be improving after un-
dergoing surgery at the
Brandon Hospital. Miss Bill
bro is home now.
Sympathy goes out to the
Johnson family in the loss of
their loved one, the late Mrs.
Lola Bell Johnson. May God
continue his blessings for the
johnson family.
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Davis
and sister, Miss Elizabeth
Davis of Gulfport was glad
to find their daughter, Bette
Jean Davis who also is a
niece of Miss Elizabeth Davis.
progressing in her studies un-
der the leadership of instruc-
tors at Carter High School
Little Bette Jean is now liv-
ing in the home of her aunt.
Mrs. Minnie Mae Minnor of
this city.
ROCK STAR M. B. Church
Home Missionary Society is
planning kitchen shower
party for Sunny Bears family
and his sister Jamie and
family whose household was
destroyed by fire. We are ask
ing any one who will to please
take part in the donation, and
leave your gift in the home
OF their grandparents, Mr.. and
Mrs. David holland by the
END of March. Thank YOU
Members of the Mt. Zion
M. B. Church are glad that
Sis. Elnora Dobson has i'm
proved greatly from a serious
illness. We pray she will con-
tinue to improve.
Mrs. Leroy Kelly spent last
week in the home of her
daughter, Mrs. Rubie Winters
who recently returned home
from the Baptist Hospital and
is now recovering nicely.
Mr.. and Mrs. Leroy Kelly,
Jr. and their son, Derrick.
who live in Jackson, Miss.
spent Monday evening in the
home of Mr.. Kelly's parents,
Mr.. and Mrs. Lerly Kelly, Sr.
of the Mt. Zion Community.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-08

lieve that you can balance the
Federal budget in the fiscal
year?
A. They are-I would think
they are not as convinced as
they were that we will be up
to $50 billion, but we will,
think, have a good chance, II
we carry out the steps I recon-
mended, of being close to $50
billion.
AS I say, we had the best
month, almost, in our history
in autos, housings are up, per-
sonal savings are up. Actually
consumer goods are moving
very fast. The one area which
is causing concern in the econ
omy has been plant investment
which has not been as high as
they originally hoped 1t would
be in January.
A Good Year Anyway
If we can, by the various tax
measures I have discussed, and
by other steps which may be-
come useful as time goes on
give sufficient demand so that
business can 60 into new plant
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-08
KENNEDY ENDS
NEWS FARLEY ON
LAUGH NOTE

To his own discontinue.
President Kennedy broke
the traditional way of end
ing his press conference
yesterday.
1t has been the unwrit-
en- assignment Of Merri-
man Smith, United Press
international correspond
ent. to wind up Presidential
press conferences with a
THANK you, Mr.. Presi-
dent" This is supposed to
come exactly 80 minutes
after the press conference
starts.
At Mr.. Smiths usual
Thank you, Mr.. Presi-
dent" yesterday afternoon,
reporters started running
for the door while Mr..
Kennedy was pointing his
finger to recognize another
queStioner.
The reporter asked him
whether he was doing any,
thing to heal a split be-
tween himself and Mayor
Robert Wagner Of New
York about the reelection
of Representative Buckley,
Democrat Of New York.
Amid a burst Of laughter,
the President grinned and
said, "Mr. Smith was right"
that is it was time to
end the conference.
He went on to say that
81 am for Congressman
Buckley and he mayor
Wagner) is for someone
else, and that is the way it
is going to be, I guess"
With no further Thank
you. Mr.. President" from
Mr.. Smith. Mr.. Kennedy
then ended the ress con-
ference himself by walking
ing away.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-08
Post Office to Bon
Small Envelopes

The Post Office Department
is banning very small and odd
shaped letters from the mail
beginning January /.
The size ban will apply to
envelopes less than AZ inches
long and 3 inches wide
Department officials yester-
day called it "a major prelim-
mary step toward standardiza-
ton of mail sizes-essential to
the most efficient use Of me-
chanization."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-08

investment. or will be persuad-
ed to, encouraged to, then we
can make this q very good
year.
1t is going to be, we hope,
q good year anyway. But I
don't think we can get to $50
billion unless plant investment
steps up beyond the projected
8 per cent.
Quite obviously, the sharp
decline In the market certainly
is bound to make it somewhat
more difficult, though it is
I believe there is very strong
there is very good vitality
in the economy and I think it
can be substantially boosted by
the steps I recommended.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-08
PRESS CONFERENCE COMMENTS
Kennedy Views Economy

Following are President
Kennedy's major press con-
ference comments yesterday
on td1es and the economy:
would like to say a few
words about our economic out
look and program.
I think most financial ex-
perts have realized for some
time that an overpriced (stock)
market could not hold up once
investors recognized that in
flation was ending. Price-earn-
ing ratios which averaged on
Dow Jones 23-1 could not be
justified unless there was heavy
initiation in prospect.
We have been working to
prevent initiation which gives a
very misleading and spurious
picture of economic health. We
must not permit the effects of
this adjustment, however, to
hamper the growth rate of our
economy, with which we have,
as you know, not been fully
satisfied.
Strengthen Recovery
While our recovery from last
years recession has been a
good one, production. profits
and employment are at all time
highs, and the prospects for
continued economic expansion
remain favorable. In view of
corporate and consumer cash
on hand, we should take every
appropriate step to make GER
tain that recovery is stronger
and longer than before and is
not cut short by a new recess
sion.
Taxation-In the first place,
our tax structure as presently
weighted exerts too heavy a
drain on a prospecting economy,
compared, for example, to the
net drain in competing euro
pean) Com m on Market ma
tions. If the United States we're
now working at full employ
ment and full capacity, this
would produce a budget sur
plus, at present taxation rates,
Of about So billion this year.
1t indicates what a heavy tax
structure we have, and it also
indicates the effects that this
heavy tax structure has on an
economy moving out of a re-
cession period.
We saw that after the SO
recession; we have seen it after
the 80 recession in the last
months.
Administration Proposals
One, a $1.3 billion tax credit
Of 8 per cent on new invest
ment in machinery and equip
ment, which will increase the
typical rate of potential prof
IT'S on modern plant expansion
in this country to the same ex-
tent, for example, as a 20-point
reduction in corporate income
taxes, from SO to 80 per cent
on the profits to be realized
from q new 10-year asset.
The tax bill containing this
stimulus and offsetting revenue
measures has been before the
Congress for well over q year,
and I am hopeful particularly
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-08

more effective way Of collecting
a tax. So that is not q new
tax.
Now, the other tax Of course
Is the tax on so-called tax
Ravens and on dividends and
on money which would put
those companies on a basis
comparable to American COM
panieS. This has been tied to
making it less attractive to
American capital to leave this
country. That is the purpose
of that amendment and I am
hopeful that it will pass, in as
close a form as possible to
what it was when we intro
duced it, because the gold flow
concerns us all.
But those taxes, in my opin-
ion, represent responsible ac-
tions, but what 1 was talking
about is that stimulus that will
be given by the total tax pack
age, putting all of this togeth-
err, to American business, plus
the depreciation, of course.
which represents, as I say, a
clear gain for business.
Unemployment Rate
@. Mr.. President, do you be-
lieve that the economy will
reach the 4 per cent unem-
ployment target that you have
set for mid-1963, with a bal
anced budget in the fiscal
year?
A. Obviously we are going to
have to wait and make a judg-
ment as to whether we are 60
ing to reach 4 per cent. We
are down substantially lower,
of course, than it has been in
unemployment, but it still is
not satisfactory, and I think
it would be impossible to make
a precise Judgment today about
whether we are going to reach
that figure.
Budget Balancing
@. Mr.. President, do your
economic councillors still be-
lieve that the gross national
product will reach $50 billion
this year and do they also be-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-06-08

I since March 29. I hope action
can be taken on it.
A bill to authorize Federal,
State and local public works
this year in areas of heavy I'M
employment, and provide
standby authority for the flu
ture has already passed the
Senate. Inasmuch as last years
temporary unemployment COM
pensation program has benefit
ed no additional unemployed
since April /, a pending bill to
extend that program for one
year should be passed by the
Congress before they go home.
Every week thousands Of peo-
pie find their unemployment
compensation exhausting, and
must go on public assistance,
and this should be a matter
Of great concern to all of US.
Welfare improvements
Improvements in our welfare
program to help those at the
bottom Of the economic ladder
passed the House on March Is.
Other pending bills, the trade
bill. the pay reform bill, and
others, will all have a bene-
fetal effect on our economy
once they are enacted by the
Congress.
There is no need for this
country to stand helplesSly by
and watch a recovery run out
of gas. We have a program
to boost it, and I hope that
all those who are concerned
about their stocks or their prof.
its or their jobs will help us
get action on this program.
I have full confidence in the
basic strength and economic
potential of this country and
the free world. We in the
United States. business. labor
and the Government, all of us
working together rather than
at cross purposes, must rise to
our responsibilities to maintain
the forward thrust of our econ
omy. The economic produc-
tivity and potential Of the
United States is the heart of
our strength.
Unemployment last month
declined. Consumer income
has been rising rapidly. New
homes are being built at q re-
markable rate. and this admin
istration intends to do its full
share of the task required to
realize our full economic po-
tential.
Ctiil being DRAFTED
Q. Mr.. President can you
discuss any thinking on rates
pr how far the reduction will
go that you intend to propose
in January? And second, sir,
If you don't get some Of these
provisions or proposals which
you regard as quite vital, are
you thinking in terms Of ask
dng Congress to return in the
fall If they don't pass them,
say. by mid-September2
A. Well, I think the tax, the
proposed tax bill you are talk
ing about for next January, the
work on 1t should be completed
later in the summer. So at |