davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-24
On Display in Paris

among the countless words written
about Europe'S Common Market and it's
impact on international economics per-
haps none has told as dramatic story
as that presented by an imaginative dis
play of consumer goods in a Paris de-
partment store. For there, in the
Galleries Lafayette, is the price-tagged
proof OF what this unique multi-national
experiment in free trading can mean in
making more and better goods more
cheaply available to more people.
For this exercise in merchandising,
the Paris establishment selected sixty
two different products of the six Com
mon Market countries. On the basis of
quality and design, as we'll as of lowered
prices, the store has identified these
exhibits as Champions of Europe" In
pushing their sale, Furthermore, it is
specifying the country of origin and
the price reduction that has taken place
since substantial lowering of tariffs
within the Six-nation bloc began in 1883
A few examples offer impressive evil
dence Of what this freer flow of goods
means to the Paris shopper For in
stance, an Italian-made womans rain
coat that cost $22 in Paris in 1858 is now
priced at SO, a French-made vacuum
cleaner that cost $46 is now priced at
$22, and German camera that was
marked $73 barely three years ago is
now tagged at $50.
One lesson to be drawn from this is
that the removal of artificial trade re-
strictions and before the Common
Market venture the West European ma
lions historically had maintained
variety Of import quotas and high
tariff barriers-haS opened the way for
the participating countries to concen-
trate more on the production and
marketing of goods on straightforward
competitive basis. On such basis, plant
efficiency and the productivity of ma
chimes and workers are best kept high
by Introduction of most modern tech
n1queS and facilities-a stimulus in itself
to gainful capital investment. The rec
ord high levels of industrial activity,
employment and rising personal incomes
in the Common Market countries DEM
onstrate the healthineSS of this open
market approach as replacement for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-24

former systems Of protection and ma
tional monopolies.
1t is significant now that other West
European countries are anxious to join
the Common Market bloc, ready and no
doubt able to test themselves and to
share their own markets in the same
fashion of direct competition. 1t is for
the same purpose, and with justifiable
confidence in American ability to
compete, that the administration has
asked authority to update our own trade
policies.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-24
Federal Formula

Commissioner Tobriner is right in
saying that efforts to achieve a new
formula for determining the annual
Federal payment to the District should
not be confined solely to legislation for
home rule.
AS he points out, home rule faces a
dubious future in this session. Con-
sequently 1t would be desirable for Sena-
tor Bible to pursue through other means
the strong interest which he has ex-
pressed in developing formula which
would insure that the Federal Govern
ment pays fairer share of the costs of
operating the Nations Capital than it
has in recent years.
But it also is true that no home
rule bill which is seriously considered
should lack very specific provisions for
an adequate Federal payment formula.
Indeed, the repeated failure to approve
such provisions is the root of skepticism
as to the workability of home rule.
For the basic question in home rule
Is not one of self-government This-in
the sense which it exists in other local
communities - the District can never
achieve, in view of the constitutionally
derived powers Of Congress to exercise
exclusive legislative control over the
Federal City. What is of pre-eminent
concern, however, is that any delegation
of legislative authority, no matter how
slight, be accompanied by the guarantee
Of adequate Federal support.
In submitting his bill on home rule
last summer, the President proposed a
complex new formula for the Federal
payment, providing about $40 million
annually, under which the money would
come from unappropriated funds in the
Treasury, without the specific approval
OF Congress or of its appropriations COM
mittees. We doubt that this is recon-
mendation Congress ever would buy.
When the Senate District Commit
tee conducts its hearings on home rule
next month, therefore, we hope that
Chairman Bible will endeavor to develop
and insert into the legislation Federal
payment formula which is realistic and
workable-one, furthermore, which also
could be considered by Congress indie
pendently Of home rule
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-24
Value of Poll Tax

The Government today has
so much say in what we do
that it is practically our
partner, and the Government,
after all, is only a majority
of the voters. If the average
voter is then our partner,
what would we want him to
be like?
The first thing we would
ask would be character, for
without character nothing else
is worth anything. We may
define character as living by
the Golden Rule. The second
thing would be judgment, and
we may define the difference
between intelligence and
judgment in this way: Intel
ligence is the ability to fol-
low a line of abstract reason
ing, while judgment is the
ability to apply correctly abb
Stract principles to concrete
situations.
The poll tax as used in Vir-
GINA has been an excellent
test for character and judg-
ment in the average voter.
In the first place, payment
is not enforced. The man who
pays his poll tax may not
have passed a character test,
but the man who refuses to
pay his poll taxa voluntary
contribution of less than half
a cent a day to the common
burden of. government-has
definitely failed a character
test. In the second place, the
poll tax must have been paid
six months before an cleo
ton. This involves foresight,
and foresight is one of the
prime factors in judgment.
The poll tax was originally
planned to keep the Negro
from voting. but the planners
planned better than they
knew. It has not kept the
qualified Negro from voting
in Virginia, but it has kept a
great many unqualified whites
as well as Negroes from vot-
ing. In the writer's opinion,
it is largely responsible for
the outstanding good govern
ment we have in Virginia.
Good government is not a
matter Of education or prop
erty, but Of character and
judgment.
Henry p TavInr-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-24
Americas Sweetheart

AS a movie fan of long
standing 1 was delighted to
see Mary Pickford represent
ed in Harold Heffernan's Sc
ries, Where Are They Now?"
When my father was chair
man of the Liberty Loan
Drive during the First World
War, I met the lovely star.
Along with Douglas Fair
banks, Charlie Chaplin and
Marie DRESSER, she sold bonds
here, and during those pre-
cious moments when I was
within touching distance of
these giants of the cinema
my native city was a veri-
table Hollywoc d-on-the-Poto-
mac.
The beloved actress who
delighted multitudes of ad-
mirerS in scores Of silent and
talkie films is still beautiful,
vital and inspiring.
John Landers Poole.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-24
Cause of Wet Nam

Recently, there has been a
flood of conflicting informa-
ton, favorable and unfavor-
able, to the cause of Wet
Nam. The attacks of the
unfavorable press on the
leaders and the government
OF Wet Nam seem to in
crease in vigor to the rising
tempo of the fighting in Wet
Nam.
When President Ngo Dinh
Diem visited the United
States in 1857, he was given
a hero's welcome, and the
press considered him the
GROWING success of a strong
ally. Suddenly, when the
Communist world decided to
broaden the war in South
Wet Nam by infiltrating
more trained personnel and
more equipment, President
Ngo faced a vocal crescendo
OF discomfort among the free
press. When the going got
rough, President Ngo found
the overcritical press aiming
as many guns on his back
as those of the Communists
aimed at his front.
If the fact that the large
majority of the electorate in
April, 1861, voted President
Ngo back to office is not
enough proof of popularity,
one wonders what is. Some
critics even interpret the re-
cent attempt on President
Ngo's life as evidence of I'M
popularity. Even the recog-
nized Saint of India, Mahat-
ma Ghandhi, fell victim of an
assassin, and the venerated
Abraham Lincoln succumbed
to the bullets of a malcon-
tent. Do these odious MUIR
ders reflect on the stature of
the victims?
1t is significant also that
the critics, however fierce,
did not question President
Ngo's integity.
One hears much about the
supposed weaknesses" of
South Wet Nam. What about
the weaknesses of the North?
Did the critics care to write
about them?
The Wet Namese ship Of
state is being violently
rocked by the Red sea. Is it
too much to ask that men
of good will weather the
storm together and minimize
the differences among them?
The well-meaning differences
of opinion are being used by
the Communists as a weapon
to discredit the cause of
Wet Nam in the eyes of the
world.
In the deadly struggle to
maintain peace, to preserve
freedom, to uphold the prin-
ciple of human dignity of
Wet Namese citizens, the
United States, Wet Nam, and
other nations are co-operat-
ing closely with each other.
The support given by the
free world press could be de-
cisive.
Madame Tran Van ChuOng,
Permanent Observer of Wet
Nam to the United Nations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-24
NucIeor Inspection

Regarding Russo United
States inspection possibili-
ties, inspection must be based
on good faith with suspicion
reduced to the minimum. If
the inspection teams in both
countries were composed of
equal numbers of Soviet and
American inspectors report
ing to a dual head of inspec-
ton in each country, could
not good faith be achieved
and suspicion be reduced to
the minimum?
AS a former chief of am
munition inspection for the
United States, I speak with
some background in inspec-
ton work.
Francis H. Miles, Jr.,
Colonel, USA (retired).
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-24
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Riddle of Crying Sub Crew Solved
By THOMAS r. HENRY

Crying over nothing hardly
is a characteristic of hard
boiled submarine sailors
but it can completely foil a
subs operations.
During the first sea trials
OF a new undersea boat last
year tears constantly were
pouring from the eyes of the
crew. This was believed due
to something in the internal
atmosphere but for a month
Naval Research Laboratory
chemists were unable to de-
termine the cause. 1t GER
talnly was not because the
men were particularly sorrow
full about anything.
At first the leading cul-
prits seemed to be decompo-
sition products from the as
bestos sealing compound used
on the super-heated steam
pipes, ingredients of the gray
green paint used on these
pipes, or decomposition prod
ucts from overheating the
steam turbine oil.
Cause Discovered
But after more than a
month of experiments the
Naval Research Laboratory
experts located the major
source, the engine room, and
then pin-pointed the cause to
be overheated turbine oil in
the oil centrifuge pre-heater
system. The pre-heated pipes
had been installed with q
slight inclination to the deck
to improve accessibility.
The tilt, it was found,
caused pockets of air re-
leased from the oil to collect
in the upper end of the pipes
in the vicinity of electrically
heated elements. The result
was poor heat transfer and
serious oil decomposition re-
suited. Some product of this
decomposition was making
men weep.
The difficulty was corrected
by installing vents on the
upper end of the oil heater
pipes.
Then a 30-hour sea test
verified that the cause of ex-
cessive lachrymation had
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-24
Spring and Space

AS the saying goes, one swallow does
not make summer, and so the free
world has reason to keep its fingers
crossed over the promise implicit in
Premier KhruShchev's reply to President
Kennedy's March 7 letter urging close
Soviet-American cooperation in nom
military Spatial ventures. Not in long
time has there been as affirmative
communication as this from Moscow.
but still, welcome though it is, it must
be greeted with large measure of
reserve.
To be sure, Mr.. Khrushchev has
couched his letter to Mr.. Kennedy in
friendly, propaganda-free language sug-
costing that he really means it when he
says that he and his colleagues in the
Kremlin are prepared to work with the
United States to promote human ad-
vancement in the universe around us.
To that end, he has indicated that he
fully supports the Presidents proposal
for joint efforts in the field of space
medicine and the launching of artificial
satellites for such purposes as develop
ing revolutionary global communica-
lions, improved weather forecasting and
the promotion of advances in naviga-
ton at sea and in the sky. Beyond that,
he has suggested that he is receptive to
Mr. Kennedy's ideas regarding possible
Soviet-American collaboration in at
temptS to put men on the moon, Venus,
Mars and other unlikely places among
the stars.
So far so good. But the United
States and the West as a whole should
keep in mind the generally dark and
duplicitous Soviet record. They should
also give due weight to the very real
possibility that Mr.. Khrushchev has
been sweetly reasonable about all this
has said ida" rather than "nyet"-
primarily because he feels, with good
reason, that our scientists are far more
knowledgeable about the nonmilitary
uses Of space than his are After all, our
country has sent into orbit many more
vehicles than the USSR has, and these
have sent back to our experts informa-
ton of a most valuable kind that the
Kremlin undoubtedly would like to have.
AS to that, however, from the security
standpoint, it is reaSsuring that the
President has named the distinguished
DR.. Hugh Dryden, deputy chief of the
National Aeronautics and Space Ad-
ministration, to represent our country
in technical talks with the Russians. No
American could be better qualified for
the task; scientifically and otherwise,
he is so we'll informed in this field that
it is hard to see how his Soviet counter
part could possibly pull the wool over
his eyes.
In any case, it is good to have Mr..
Khrushchev on the record as seeming
to agree with Mr.. Kennedys observa-
ton: "The tasks are so challenging, the
costs so great, and the risks to the brave
men who engage in space exploration so
grave that we must in all good con-
science try every possibility of sharing
these tasks and costs and minimizing
these risks" Although the Soviet Pre-
mier's affirmative response must be
taken with grain of salt, it seems posi-
tive enough to warrant some feeling of
hope now that spring is here again.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-24

been eliminated. Weeping
sailors are no longer q Navy
problem.
Il \ y
The Navy has constructed
an 180-foot conical shock
tube in which five-pound ex-
plosive charges have pro-
duced blast waves as power
full as those caused by firing
six of the most destructive
blockbusters dropped during
the second World War. The
waves are essentially noise
less.
For Laboratory Tests
The device installed at the
Naval Ordnance Laboratory
outside Washington is ex-
pected to predict the per-
Torrance and aid in the de-
sign of a 2,000-foot shock
tube in which a blast wave
from a 1,000-pound charge
can be amplified to corre-
spond to that from a nuclear
explosion of many kilotons.
Thus the Navy now has a
means of creating economi-
cally inside the laboratory
radiation-free blast waves of
nuclear size as often as de-
sired.
A blast wave from a five
pound explosive charge is
amplified $4,000 times, says a
Navy report. Such a wave es-
sentially duplicates that gen.
Grated by rs tons Of explo-
sives fired in the open. In
effect, the small charge shock
wave expands within the con-
fines of the cone in the same
manner that it would If it
were part Of a 75-ton blast
pattern. Almost all the noise
from these charges can be
muffled in the cone by bolt
ing a heavy metal cap over
the cones mouth. Pressure
gauges placed along the In
terror of the cone are used
to obtain blast wave meas
urementS.
1t is emphasized that the
shock tube is in no sense a
tactical weapon and it would
not be feasible to use it as
such.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-24
THE POLITICAL MILL
The Constitution and Politics
By GOULD LINCOLN

OAPA SAA1O SOd1 . 4OOT ICNCIos
al of earlier opinions OF the
highest court in regard to
the public schools. And it is
backed up by the desires of
many of the legislators who
hope to receive the support
of Negro voters in their own
States and districts.
The proposal for a consti-
tutional amendment outlaw
ing the poll tax as a prereq-
uisite for voting is sponsored
by a Southern Senator, Sen
ator Holland Of Florida. 1t is
not yet before the Senate.
although it has led to eight
long days of debate. Assur-
ance has been given that it
will be offered as an amend
ment to a bill to preserve
the home of Alexander Ham
ilton in New York as a ma
tional monument. First, it
is necessary to vote to take
up the Hamilton bill. IT a
real filibuster develops, anti
poll tax supporters will offer
their legislative bill in an
effort to supplant the con-
stitutional amendment. And
so it goes.
Groups Rap Amendment
Along with the NAACP, the
Americans for Democratic
Action, the American Jewish
Congress the Anti-Defama-
ton League, the Internation-
al Union Of Electrical, Radio
and Machine Workers, and
several other organizations
have issued a statement at
lacking the Holland consti-
tional amendment to Danish
the poll tax. They contend
that: "It is a traveSty to call
a constitutional amendment
a civil rights measure when
Congress has the constitu-
tional power to abolish the
poll tax by legislation, as the
Attorney General (Robert F.
Kennedy has testified" Mr..
Kennedy's statement, how
ever, doesn't coincide with
the view of many constitu-
tional lawyers and authori-
ties and members of Con-
gress.
The States which have lit
eracy tests of one kind or
another--also subject Of at
tack by the same forces-are
not confined to the South by
any means. They are Ala
bama, Arizona, California,
Connecticut, Delaware,
Georgia, Louisiana, Maine,
Massachusetts,, Mississippi,
New Hampshire, New York,
North Carolina, Oklahoma.
Oregon, South Carolina, Vir-
ginia, Washington and Wyo-
ming. It's another kettle of
fish entirely. Some Of these
States have tests which meet
certain problems. In New
York, for example, thousands
of Puerto Ricans, citizens Of
the United States because of
our ownership Of the island,
were not allowed to vote be.
cause they could not read a
simple paragraph in the
English language, although
they can read and write in
Spanish. The Kennedy ad-
miniStration - and Demo-
cratic Mayor Wagner of New
York-are interested in this
Puerto Rican vote, which is
a major reason for the anti
literacy test drive today. In
some Southern States literacy
tests have been used to pre-
vent Negroes from voting, the
Civil Rights Commission has
reported, in defiance Of the
Fourteenth and Fifteenth
Amendments to the Consti-
tuition.
Nevertheless, the question
remains: Shall the Consti-
tuition be amended as pro-
vided in that document or
shall it be changed by Con-
greSS and court opinion? An
important question.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-24
Guess Pat Doesn't Know This Is NonpoIitico Trip!
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry WriterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
tiers are subject to condensa-
ton. Those not used tuiI be
returned only ,Uhen accom-
panied by self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-24

United States, between Con-
gress and the Suprem
Court, has been battered in
recent years to an increasing
degree. Bloc voting in Con-
greSs and strained construc-
tions in the Supreme Court
have been the weapons. Mat
tiers that have been left to
the States in the paSt-ex-
cluded from the powers spe-
officially placed in the hands
of the Federal Government
by the terms Of the ConSti-
tuition - have been taken
from the States. The Fed
eral Government is reaching
out more and more to con-
troll public education, both
through laws enacted by
Congress and through deci-
Sions by the highest court.
And now the Congress is
wrestling with proposals to
compel States to eliminate
poll taxes in five States, and
literacy tests in 10 States, as
prerequisites for voting.
In the Senate, the effort
so far has been to deal with
the poll tax issue through
an amendment to the Con-
stitution. And the effort has
made so little progress, due
to filibustering tactics on
the part of many of the
Senators from the South
the five States which still
maintain poll taxes are Ala
bama. Arkansas, Mississippi,
Texas and Virginia - that
some Of the most liberal
Senators on both sides of
the chamber are now plan
ming to offer a legislative
bill as a substitute for the
constitutional amendment.
Amendments to the Con-
Stitution and legislation to
do away with or confine
literacy tests for voting
qualifications are in the
committee stage.
The Courts Role
The proponents of legis-
lation are the "hurry-up-
pers" - those who do not
wish the issues to go through
the process of winning two
thirds vote approval in both
houses of Congress and
ratification later by three
fourthS Of the States Of the
Union. They are those who
believe that the Supreme
Court as now constituted
would uphold the constitu-
tionality of the laws passed
by Congress doing away with
poll taxes and literacy tests;
that the court would find it
possible to stretch the So
called welfare clause of the
Constitution to cover the
ground.
The Supreme Court by its
1854 decision tore away the
right of a State to control
its public school system and
established the right of the
Federal Government to COM
pei racial indignation. The
Court so far has not asserted
the right of the Federal Gov
eminent to dictate to the
States the qualifications of
their voters. Only constitu-
tional amendments, properly
adopted, have dealt with the
questions of voting qualifi-
cations, first insisting there
should be no denial of the
right to vote because of race
or prior condition of servi-
tude. and second that women
should be granted suffrage.
In all other particulars,
such as age, property, taxes
and literacy. the decisions
have been left to the States.
The pressure for Federal
laws dealing with voting
qualifications in the States
comes now from the NAACP
the National Association
for the Advancement of COL
ored People, the same people
whose court cases against
State laws resulted in the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-02

old apprentice. John Baragrey and Stats
cotsworth are featured tSee On the
Air, page 81
a VOICE OF FIREST0NE.
Music Series. Guests: Metropolitan
Opera Singers George London and elanna
DAngelo; ballet Espanol xmenez-Vargas,
now on its second tour Of the United
States
q CANDID CAMERA.
Candid interviews
1870 q HOWARD K. SMITH.
News Analysis. "The Sino-Soviet Con-
fIct." Guests: Alexander DalIin, Kurt
London teWU). Donald Zagoria, A. D.
Barnett
q WHAT'S MY LINE?
Quiz. John DAILY, host.
HOO a NEWS q WASHINGTON.
80 H0LLYN00D'S FINEST.
Movie. Approximately Iva Hours.
"Dante's Inferno" 1887. Spencer
Tracy
On ELEVEN O'CLOCK FINAL.
World. Local News. Sports. Weather.