davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-15
A BOOK FOR TODAY
Scholarly EvoIuotion of the Past
By DONALD MIMI
CHAPTERS IN WESTE RI

CHAPTERS IN WE STE RI
CIVILIZATION. Edited b
the Contemporary Civiliza
ton Staff Of Columbia Col
lege, Columbia University
Volume II; Third Editor
columbia University Press;
So
This is essentially o text
book intended 10 supply
suitable background read
ing to be used with the doc
uments in (the) source
books, "Introduction to Con-
temporary Civilization tn the
West"
These source books, in
turn, are the background Of
Columbia Colleges massive
and not uncontroversial-
course popularity known as
"CC."
Contemporary Civilization
Is not exactly history in the
traditional sense. It does not
conscientiously try to inform
the student about all the
major political events Of an
historical period. but rather
to describe trends and prin-
ciples, especially those that
seem still to be exerting
their influence In the world.
So, for example. the reader Of
Chapters in Western Civili-
zation" will get almost Moth
ing Of the complex history Of
the Balkans during the 18th
century. He will. however.
learn about great power con-
flicts in the area.
Similarly, there are no de-
tails about the military cam
paigns of the Crimean War.
But in his essay National
ism and the Nation-State
System: 1789-1870," Leonard
Krieger Of Yale notes that
"the remnants Of the con-
sentative concert Of powers
that watched over the dy-
nastic settlement of 1915 had
to be dissolved" and that the
Crimean War did just that.
Later, in an essay called
1.-THE Maturing Of the Ma
tion-State," Fritz Stern Of
Columbia remarks on the
damage the conflict did to
the rulers Of Russia, not as
q military defeat but because
of "the mounting evidence Of
corruption and inefficiency
which that war had brought
to light"
CHAPTERS IN WEST
ERN CIVILIZATION" and
the source book it accom-
panies, are the material for
the second half of the first
year Of the course" They
NOW cover aspects Of west
ern life and thought in the
10th century including the
period Of the French Revolu-
ton to the eve Of the first
World War"
The word aspects" is i'm
portant. BY jettisoning much
Of the traditional stuff Of
undergraduate history courses
the editorial committee has
made it possible to organize
events under large, concep-
tual rubrics and to spend
time on vital matters that
are Gus t o m arily lightly
touched and soon forgotten.
Thus in the first Of II es-
says by as many scholars,
Jacques Godechot Of the Uni
versity of Toulouse can dis
cuss the phases Of the French
Revolution and the signifi-
canoe Of each because he has
been relieved Of any need to
supply q detailed narration
Of events.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-15

The United States, after o
year-and-a-half of the Ken
nedy administration, has now
specifically and unapologet-
ically proclaimed q win"
policy In the cold war.
This Secretary Of State
Dean Rusk. q combat veteran
Of infantry, has done in a
speech before the Veterans Of
Foreign Wars in Minneapolis.
In the domestic sense ana
also in its relationship to our
future negotiations with the
Soviet Union, it is the most
important he ever delivered.
For IS months there has
been an almost constant
overtone Of criticism from
Republicans and others that
this country was committing
itself to something short Of
victory-to q "no-win" line.
For these same 10 months
the State Department, itself,
has been swept by undertones
Of debate between those who
cried for caution and those
who wanted q plain. hard
declaration saying that we
meant to do more than mere
ly to co-exist and survive.
The hard-liners have at last
won the long dialogue.
In this passage in Mr..
Rusk's speech in Minneapolis
there lies the heart Of their
victory:
I'VE have q simple but
transcendent goal. It Is, In
President Kennedy's words,
q peaceful world community
of free and independent
states, free to choose their
own future and their own
system, so long as 1t does not
threaten the freedom Of
others
This goal Of ours-and Of
most Of the nations Of the
world-and the Communist
goal are incompatible. This
global struggle will continue
until freedom prevails. 1t
goes without saying that our
purpose Is to win.
zone hears now and then
that we have q "no-win"
purpose or policies. That Is
simply not so. OF course we
intend to win. And we are
going to win. Our objective
is o victory for all mankind"
First by Top Civilian Official
Never before had any top
figure Of the administration.
outside the military. been
willing to say simply and
clearly that to win was our
purpose and our resolve.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-15
Coping With FoIlout

noOmluo serves 10 1luSCraCe
but one Of the innumerable
functions Of government for
public protection. It might
also serve to focus attention
upon governmental efforts to
reduce the far greater dam
gers that are present in the
potential for nuclear war
fare.
The possibility Of nuclear
fallout threatens q far great
er number Of children yet un-
born than would the entirely
unrestricted use Of drugs
such as thalidomide. To re-
duce this threat the Ameri-
can people maintain q 7aSt
and expensive military
guard. All agencies Of the
Federal Government are en-
ployed according to specific
capabilities in this area Of
public protection. All Of our
diplomatic and cultural re-
sources also are employed to
reduce the possibility Of Q
nuclear attack upon this Ma
ton.
But there are no means
that can be guaranteed ef-
fective. It is entirely possible
that the population Of the
United States could be sub
jected to the immediate le-
thai dangers Of nuclear fall
out-and to an effect upon
future generations, beside
which the consequences from
the use Of harmful drugs
would be insignificant.
Government - Federal,
State and local-has per-
formed its respective duty by
identifying a positive means
Of protection against radio
active fallout. Through the
National Fallout Shelter Sur
vey it has already located
places Of security for mil
lions Of people that could be
Immediately utilized.
The Nations news media
have performed a valuable
service in publicizing the
protective arm Of govern
ment as exercised against
the harmful effect Of thalid-
omide. Media, generally, have
only considered the purposes
and programs Of civil de-
Tense and public shelter in
negative aspects that cannot
fail to be associated with a
problem of such magnitude.
1t is believed that the pub
lie should have knowledge Of
means Of how to protect
themselves against a danger
that cannot be nullified by
our own internal laws and
regulations. The bitter pill"
of radioactive fallout may be
introduced to every commu-
nifty despite all efforts to
prevent it. We would not
have to swallow it if our
media Of mass information
might take q more positive
approach to the problem,
than is generally reflected
in news coverage Of develop
ments pertaining to civil de-
tense.
George NJ. Barrows
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-15
Satellites Value

Maybe 1t was q frivolous
filibuster," as your August 8
editorial states. but are we
not entitled to a statement of
the reasons why the admin
istration's satellite bill will
serve the best interests Of the
country? Are we being asked
to believe this because some
government officials say so?
Shouldn't they set forth the
criteria by which this con-
cluSion was reached?
Secretary Mcnamara, for
example, puts forth reasons
why the military services
would find q satellite system
useful. But that hardly is an
argument to prefer one sys-
tenn over another.
The way in which the term,
1.-The public interest,"" Is
uttered these days would lead
one to suppose that it had
some sort Of commonly
accepted meaning. But 1t does
not. At best, 1t seems to mean
what q given official con-
cludes. It is being used as q
justification, not q reason. An
important difference.
Surely you do not intend
to suggest that we are to
accept that q given decision
is Gin the public interest"
just because some high off,
cial says so.
I neither support nor
condemn the administrations
bill. The suggestion offered
here Is that the public II in
no position to evaluate the
merits Of the bill unless we
are given something more
than the ipse dixit Of New
ton Minow, the Attorney
General, and others.
Arthur s. Miller
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-15
Answers to Questions
By THE HASKIN SERVICE

@. Was actress Jinx Falk-
enburg born in South Ameri-
ca?-B. Y.
A. No. Eugenia (Jinxs
Faulkenburg was born on
January 81, 1919, in BARGE
Iona, Spain, where the fam
lily was living while her faith
er, an electrical engineer,
worked for Westinghouse.
When Jinx was three years
old the family moved to
Santiago, Chile, and re-
manned there for IS years
before returning to their
home state, California. -
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-08-15
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDriters' correct
names and addresses. An let
tiers are subject to condensa-
ton. Those not used iDiII be
returned only Dhen accom-
panied By self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-10
Test in the Pacific

Never before has there been a ther-
monuclear explosion quite like that set
off yesterday by the United States over
Johnston Island in the Pacific. Never
before has there been one of such force
equivalent to perhaps as much as 10
million tons of TNT) detonated at such
an altitude (Some 200 miles above the
earth). Small wonder that it converted
night into brilliant day at places as far
away as Hawaii and that the great flash
could be seen even in New Zealand
$500 miles distant
But this shot, of course, has not
been fired just for the sake of putting
on spectacular show of hydrogen
bomb pyrotechnicS in the heavens above
us. Far from it. The experiment has
been aimed at number of altogether
stern detectives, the chief among them
being these: % To measure the effects
OF high-altitude nuclear or thermonu-
clear explosions on the earth's magnetic
field and the Van Allen radiation belts
And (2) to learn more about how such
blasts affect communications, and about
how they might be used to jam radar
and deal both extensively and defensively
with the enormous danger of surprise
attack by intercontinental ballistic
missiles.
Thus this teSt-which may be fol-
lowed by others not unlike those staged
over Johnston Island in the summer of
l958-may be regarded as a develop
ment Of great Importance in terms Of
both pure science and the military
security Of our country. Certainly, if
additional experiments along the same
line Cat conceivably higher attitudes
and with more destructive force) will
increase the knowledge now available
to us and add to American military
might in the grim arms race with the
Soviet Union, then those experiments
ought to be carried out without hesita-
ton. And they ought to be carried out
as quickly and on as big a scale as our
best experts deem necessary.
In this connection, the people and
Government of the United States should
pay no attention-or at best only scant,
contemptuouS attention-to the kind of
international opinion" now being
voiced at the So-called World Peace
Congress in Moscow. For this Commu-
niSt-run propaganda show, in which
all sorts of thinking Americans
and BritonS are taking part, is a crude
demonstration of mass phonineSS and
hypocrisy vilifying America for its de-
fenSive reaction to the Kremlin's sudden
and ominouS violation of the teSt-ban
moratorium. 1t is primarily because of
that violation that our country is shoot
ing things off in the Pacific, and it
must, If need be, fire further shots as
long as the Soviets continue to reject
the idea of adequately policed dis
armament.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-10
Crime Fighters Exit

Harry j. AnSlinger, having reached
the compulsory retirement age of 70,
is about to retire, with colors flying,
from the crime front where he for many
years has waged relentless war on the
illicit drug traffic. But he is not through
fighting the narcotics racketeers. The
United States will continue to have his
services as its representative at inter-
national conferences of the U. N. on the
narcotics problem.
Although Mr.. AnSlinger has differed
with the American Medical Association
and some other groups on how to handle
drug addictS, the White House an
nounced that his retirement was VOL
untary. The controversy has been over
whether addictS should be treated as
victims of disease, as the doctors con-
tend, or as law violators, as the vet
eran head of the TreaSury's Narcotics
Bureau has insisted.
Actually, however, Mr. AnSlinger
often made 1t clear that he thought
addictS should be hoSpitalized instead
OF penalized-unleSs they had commit
ted crime, such as peddling drugs to
OOAASAo Va AOOOA41S VI W gam
narcotics or the money with which to
buy them. But he has opposed medical
proposals for clinics at which addicts
could be supplied with their drug needs,
legally. Since such clinics would re-
strict the amount of drugs used, he said,
the urge for more narcotics would lead
to further illicit activities
It is of interest that Mr. AnSlinger'S
successor will be his right-hand deputy,
Henry L. Giordano, who is known to
share generally Mr.. AnSlinger'S views
on means of combating the vicious drug
racket. Those of us who regret the i'm
pending exit of the vigorous and out
spoken commissioner will hope that his
successor will be as relentless and as
successful in sending the peddlerS and
other scum to prison or into exile.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-10

such facility has been long recognized,
and it is heartening that active dis
cuSsions toward its realization are under
way between business groups and Gov
eminent agencies. Some IL other pro-
poSals range from such obvious needs
as additional downtown motels and
hotels to "Disneyland"-t amuSe-
ment park. The job now facing Down.
town Progress, bolstered by the mass of
technical data it has received, is to in
corporate such proposals as are feasible
and desirable into specific plans on
which the community will be able to
render judgment.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-10
IS Million Visitors

The extensive analysis of Washing
ton touriSm just completed for the
Downtown Progress organization by the
Stanford Research Institute emphasizes
once again the tremendous Importance
of visitors to the local economy It's
findings should be of great assistance
to the various groups now at work to
revitalize the downtown section and,
in the process, to make the Federal City
more attractive and inviting place for
both the residents of the metropolitan
area and those who come here from all
parts of the Nation.
To those not fully aware of the
dimensions of Washington touriSm, the
statistics in the new report will be sur
priSing. Thus, for example, it estimates
that Washington in 1860 accommodated
more than 1874 million visitors, who,
during their stay here, spent an eSti-
mated 1929 million. The volume is eX-
pected to reach "a million tourists with
in the next eight years and, by 1880,
35 million, who, according to the re-
port, probably will spend between STA
million and 5000 million. The Stanford
researchers devoted much of their effort
to detailed analyses of the spending
habits of tourists, which will be of pri-
mary interest to the technicianS plan
ming the future growth of the city and,
more specifically, its downtown region.
There is broad general interest,
however, in their proposals for new
facilities which may be desirable, and
in some instances essential, to serve the
flow of visitors. AS expected, the highest
priority was given a visitor center
a focal point to which all tourists, in
Guiding school children, could turn for
orientation and guidance. The need for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-10

strong groups working outside
the party. What I said in my
original letter still holds.
What we need are more people
working inside the Repub-
lican tent and not so many in
the side shows and this goes
for the people to the right,
people to the left and the
people in the middle.
In closing allow me to take
exception to the remark in
your Sunday editorial which
indicates that you believe
that if the Republicans gen.
orally agree with my con-
cepts of a strong party, we
will be headed for disaster.
In 1860, for the first time in
my memory. every G. O.P.
incumbent Senator was re-
elected, and we added two to
our numbers and since then
one. We have lost only one
election, regular or special,
in the last two years in which
success was expected, and
that was in New Jersey. We
picked up over 300 new seats
in State legislatures, won
control over seven more State
legislatures and elected two
more Republican Governors
in 1860. Spectacular results
occurred in a Michigan con-
gressional district and New
York congressional district
where, while. we didn't win
them, we reversed the trend
long established to the point
that we lost them by less
than 2/10th of / per cent.
These results have been
achieved because of a more
united party, and I firmly
believe that this kind of
unity will take the House of
Representatives for us this
year and give us more men,
berS Of the Senate than we
now have and more Cover
nors. 1t isn't a question of a
hyphenated Republican
Party; it's a question Of a
united one and the letters
and kilograms I have re-
ceived thus far indicate that
the formulation of the Citi-
zens Committee is no more
popular with the rank and
file Republican than it is
with me.
Barry GOldwater,
Senator from Arizona.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-10
Financial State of the Nation

Your July 8 editorial,
Deficits and Tax Cuts"
quotes Senator Williams,
ranking minority leader of
the Finance Committee, as
saying: ITO cut taxes now,
in the face Of this continuing
deficit would be the
height of fiscal irresponsi-
bility."
The United States Cham
Der Of Commerce advocates
such tax cuts now but this
does not deter you from
agreeing with the Senator.
Lee M. Cohn reported in your
June 6 issue that tax cuts
are needed, even If they I'M
balance the budget, the top
Republican spokesman on
taxes said today" This
spokesman" was Represent
alive Byrnes of Wisconsin.
He is the most influential
Republican member of the
House Ways and Means
Committee, which handles
tax legislation, and is chair
man of the House Republic
can Policy Committee.
This is a subject worth de-
batting, but we start on the
wrong foot bandying about
charges of fiscal irresponsi-
bility." AS stated in a New
York Times editorial, there
is nothing moral or immoral
about achieving a surplus or
a deficit. But though it is
demonstrably clear that our
tax structure hinders eco
nomic growth, the moralists
insist that any reduction
awaits a balancing of the
budget. The result is a limp
ing economy and bigger
deficits"
In your June 7 issue,
Sterling F. Green asked Can
1854 Be Repeated?" Accord
ing to him, the question is
whether a tax cut in 1868
might have the same bene-
ficial effect that the last
one had in 1854. And whether
it might be preferable as a
stimulant to a rapid in
crease in Federal spending"
On october IA, 1854, Ga
briel Hauge, then admins
trative assistant to the Presi-
dent said, in San Francisco,
before the Commonwealth
Club of California: THE
Eisenhower conservative .
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-10
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Peculiarly of Mans Brain Waves
By THOMAS R. HENRY

will have applications to Air
operations.
Development of the Cloud
buster" has just been an
nounced by the Air Force.
Cloud layers and fog al
ways have limited air oper-
atoms. Aircraft have been
grounded, fields closed and
such operations as para
chute drops and search and
rescue operations halted.
Techniques for clearing holes
in Superseded clouds have
been under study for years
by Air Force scientists.
Highly variable results have
been attained. Recent prog
ress has brought the program
close to practical utility.
Early experiments showed
that such holes can be made
quite easily by dry ice seed
ing. Now the AT scientists
have developed a machine
that will make dry ice pellets
continuously from liquid car
bon dioxide stored in the air
craft. This is the cloud
buster"
Before its development
large blocks Of dry ice were
carried in the aircraft and
crushed into particles Of in
discriminate size for seeding
purposes. The ice tended to
evaporate in storage. 1t was
used wastefully and there
seldom were enough blocks
when they were needed.
How 1t Operates
The "cloudbuSter" makes
dry ice pellets by passing the
liquid carbon dioxide through
an expansion nozzle and then
compacting the solid dry ice
powder which is compacted
into the proper size. 1t makes
different sized pellets at the
touch of a lever, and varies
the dispersal rate from 2 to
20 pounds a mile while fly
ing at 100 knots. Successful
experimental tests were car
ried out recently over New
foundland. Other tests will
determine whether a single
pellet size and seeding rate
can be determined that will
dissipate all types of fog
and cloud. OF basic interest
will be the time required to
open a hole of given size at
a given dispersal rate.
The Air Force scientists
also are investigating the
formation of warm fog" and
stratus clouds which devel-
OPP in above-freezing temper
atures in all temperate and
tropical regions. The super
cooled clouds which form at
below = freezing temperatures
occur with increasing fire.
quency from the upper half
Of the United States north
ward to Alaska.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-10

Air Force sponsored expert
mentS are throwing new light
on the brain waves of men
and animals.
1t long has been known
that touch, sight and hear
ing produce definite changes
in the frequency and ampli-
tude of such waves. The size
goes down as attention to
the stimulus wanders and in
creaseS sharply with the
focusing on the stimulation.
The decrease indicates that
man is, in effect, partially
aneSthetized, blind and deaf
when he is not paying atten-
ton. AS he passes into light
sleep he is even farther out
of contact with his environ
ment and his brain responses
to stimulation become less
and less.
For a long time this loss
of sensation has been conSid-
cred strictly a phenomenon
within the brain itself. Now
the problem is under inten-
sive study by DR.. Elio Garcia
Austt of the University of
Montevideo, Uruguay with
United States Air Force sup
port. He is studying the prob
lem with humans, guinea pigs
and rats.
He has confirmed, says an
Air Force report, that in
vision, touch and hearing,
brain waves that are de-
creased in intensity when the
attention wanders also are
smaller along the various
sensory nerves right back to
the skin, the cochlea of the
ear and the retina of the eye
This means not only that
the brain is inattentive and
partially insenSitive but that
the paths and presumably
the senses themselves are
dulled.
Wide Applications
This dulling takes place
when the attention is focused
on some other stimulus. Thus
hearing may be poor if one is
busy tasting something. In
tense mental activity bluntS
all sensations and all path
ways and receptors for the
SenSorS.
The findings of DR.. Garcia
AuStt have very widespread
applications. Thus a pilot
cannot have very sharp vision
if he is mentally busy. A hus-
band does not hear his wife
when he is interested in his
television. A driver in tight
traffic may be almost totally
deaf to a traffic policeman.
These failures of percep-
tion," says the report, ARE
not actually consciously de-
sired. They happen because
that is how the nervous sys-
tenn works"
The findings, it is expected,