davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-05-22
Overcrowded Airwoys

It has become obvious from even
the most casual reading Of international
air travel advertising, which is most
inviting at this time Of year, that the
competition among flag carriers of a
dozen or more nations Is becoming in
creaSingly intense. For the carriers
themselves, the results are not assuredly
profitable.
In the case of North Atlantic travel,
where the heaviest competition exists,
the Civil Aeronautics Board has now
ordered re-study Of how to make three
American flag carrierS-Trans World,
Pan American and Seaboard World (an
all-cargo service)-less competitive with
each other and more competitive with
foreign lines. Duplication of services
into the same cities is one Of the major
profit-cutting factors in operation of
the American lines, and a CAB staff
study has recommended a revision of
certificates to eliminate some of this
overlapping. The board already has
found, incidentally, that the total Amer
lean share Of the transatlantic air
trade has been dropping percentagewise
in recent years as foreign flag lines
have increased in number and improved
their competitive facilities.
1t is by no means a simple matter
to revise operating patterns in a way
acceptable to three competitors. Even
so, the earnings of the companies them
selves show the need for corrective ac-
tion. One alternative, a merger between
Trans World and Pan American, already
has been discussed informally between
the two lines. II this does not come
about, the CAB effort may provide the
only other logical choice. AS in purely
domestic transport, fewer strong car
riers may render better service and
greater value to the national interest
than too many weakened ones.
Evening star., 1962-05-22
Fine Senator Retires

The wholly unexpected announce
mept by Senator Prescott S. Bush, Con-
necticut Republican, that he will not
run for another term is bad news. And,
as was to have been expected, the po-
htical rumorS have really taken wing.
Senator Bush, who is 81, did not
quite say that he is retiring because of
poor health. Instead, he said he is tired,
and that he doesn't have the strength
and vigor" for another campaign or
another term. He added that his doc
tors advice reinforced his decision to
withdraw.
Mr.. Bush'S probable opponent would
have been HEW Secretary Ribicoff.
They opposed each other for the Senate
In 1852, Mr.. Bush winning by about
$4,000 votes in a total of more than a
million. So, had they been pitted against
each other again this year, another
hard fight would have been certain. In
this respect, Mr.. Ribicoff is the bene-
ficiary Of Senator BuSh's decision. The
loser, and we say this with no thought
Of diSparaging Mr.. Ribicoff, is the SEN
ate, and, indirectly, the country. Mr..
Bush has been fine Senator and we
are sorry to see him retire.
Evening star., 1962-05-22
Too Many People?

Although there Is nothing baSically
new in 1t, the report published the other
day by the Center for International
Economic Growth serves as yet another
grim but timely reminder Of the po-
tentially grave problems inherent in the
swift pace of the worlds increase in
population. Looked at from any angle
social, cultural, political, economic,
military, etc.-the prospect is far more
threatening than promising.
Thus the center'S report somberly
emphasizes this portentouS fact: That if
human beings keep on multiplying as
they have been since the end of the Sec
ond World War, the present global popu-
lation of approximately billion will rise
to total of well over billion in the next
40 years. And after that, within a COM
parable period Of time, 1t will increase to
at least IL billion.
Actually, many studies Of the sub
ject suggest that these figures are high
ly conservative. Whether they are or not,
however, there can be no doubt that
the entire world faces a challenge of
the first magnitude as regards the num-
berS of people who will be dwelling on it
in the relatively near future. The chal-
lenge, obviously enough, has to do with
such widely varied things as food, houS-
ing, education, automobile traffic, law
enforcement, monStrouS urbanization,
and the balance Of political and mil
itary power between nations and con-
tinentS. Clearly, not too long from now,
within the lifetime of our children,
these and kindred matters could be-
come things full Of catastrophe posi-
bilitieS.
So good luck to our children as they
get ready to take over the world. Mean
while, however, we elders must deal with
certain problems as Of the present mo-
ment, and these include the question of
extending foreign aid to those very
countries-in Africa, Asia and Latin
America-where the population "explo-
sion" proceeds at pace that tends to
make futility Of such aid. How can it
really help If the recipients multiply out
of all proportion to the aids planned ef
fectiveneSS? In foreword to the CEN
ter'S report, Eugene Black, head Of the
World Bank, has summed up the Situa-
ton in these words: "The present surg
ing increase in population . threatens
directly the success of =. the interna-
tional development effort which is at
tempting to provide tolerable living
standards to that two-thirds of man
kind which is now always in want"
There are some experts in this field,
of course, who deplore the pesSimiStic
view. They feel, for example, that here
in our own country, which may well
explode" into population Of around
800 million in the next 35 or 40 years,
the general effect of the growth will be
good, and they argue that the earth as
whole, If properly cultivated, is fully
capable of making reasonably good
life possible for many billion more hu-
mans than exist at present. Refreshing
as such optimism may be, however, it
does not alter the fact that our world
assuming that some calamitous epidemic
or all-out nuclear war does not depop-
ulate it-has very real reason to be
deeply worried by its increase in num-
hers
Evening star., 1962-05-22
Aqqressor Sukorno

Although still only minor in char
acter, the shooting engagements be-
tween Dutch troops and invading
1ndoneSians in West New Guinea could
easily build up into full-Scale warfare.
The danger will become acute If Presi-
dent Sukarno and his "neutralist" gov
ernment in Jakarta continue to scott
at the idea Of negotiating with the
Netherlands for a genuinely Just and
peaceful settlement.
Mr.. Sukarno, who has so often
paraded himself as bitter foe of war
and a Stalwart champion of peace, has
been following an increasingly ugly
and belligerent line in this situation.
Actually, by sending paratroopers and
other military contingentS into West
New Guinea, he has committed a fla
grant act Of aggression, even though
the numbers Of the invaders are quite
small thus far. AS for negotiations, he
has diSdainfully reaffirmed that he is
willing to talk with the Dutch, but only
on his termS-only on terms under
which the Netherlands would agree in
advance to surrender the territory to
him.
This is as prepoSterous as it is ar
rogant, the more so because the Dutch
have effectively argued as follows:
There is no movement for independ-
ence in Netherlands New Guinea; there
Is no movement for affiliation with
Indonesia among the indigenous popu-
latinn Whot fha NatharIords ,1rooo.o,
to do Is to continue to develop, through
process Of education, free political
consciousness which is a prerequisite
for ultimate self-determination. What
1ndoneSia proposes is simply that a
territory and a people, which have no
ties with 1ndoneSia whatsoever, should
be annexed by Indonesia, and once and
for all be deprived of self determine
ton"
Nevertheless, despite the counter
felt nature of Mr.. Sukarno's claim to
the territory and his VOW to "liberate"
1t, the Dutch are ready and willing to
negotiate with him on the basis of our
country's mediation proposal. That is,
they are ready and willing to place
West New Guinea under the admins
tration Of the United Nations and to
let IndoneSia take it over in due course,
provided that the people involved (num-
bering about 100000, and still mostly
primitive) vote in favor Of such take
over in plebiscite supervised by the
U.N.
Mr.. Sukarno, however, wants no
part of this plan. Instead, he insists
that West New Guinea be turned over to
him without any prior self-determining
vote by the inhabitants. This is high
handed stuff that makes a mockery Of
everything he has said in the past about
his "peace-loving neutraliSm." The fact
is that he is guilty at the moment of a
brazen act Of aggression, and the U. N.
ought to try to put bride on him lest
his recklessnesS lead to serious warfare.
Evening star., 1962-05-22

Your May IA editorial on
Philippine war damages stat
that you share the dismay Of
Philippine officials over the
unjustified repudiation by
the House Of the ~$73-million
debt still owed the Philip
pines under terms Of a 1916
war damage reparationS act"
AS one Of those who op-
posed the bill I wish to make
clear a number Of points. In
the first place, rejection Of
the bill should in no way be
considered an act unfriendly
to the people Of the Philip
pines, who are held in the
highest regard by virtually
all members Of Congress.
Secondly, members who voted
against the bill did so for
very good reasons.
The Philippine Rehabilita-
ton Act of April 80, 1916,
authorized $400 million to be
paid on private war damage
claims. The act stated that
all claims up to $500 should
be paid Immediately and the
remaining funds put to pro
rata payment Of larger
claims-up to a maximum Of
75%. Within its $400 million
budget the Philippine War
Damage Commission was able
to pay roughly $3.50 Of the
claims above $500. The $73
million which was asked in
the bill recently defeated in
the House would have raised
the level Of payment to indi-
vidual claimants from 52.5%
up to the 1870 maximum.
The 1916 act did not COM
NIT the United States to pay
ing claims up to 759o, despite
what some have alleged. Ra-
ther, the 75qo was considered
a maximum figure. The
reason such q commitment
was not made in the bill Is
that most members consid-
cred the 1946 act as funda-
mentally designed to use pay
ments to individuals as the
best means Of getting the
war-torn Philippines back on
its feet. 1t was not considered
primarily a private claims
bill. The members felt that
after the spending Of the
$400 million q further judg-
Evening star., 1962-05-22

The question concerning
whether or not the premiated
design, in the competition
for a memorial to our late
President, Franklin D. Roose-
welt, will be authorized is
now before Congress. The de-
sign was unanimously diSap-
proved for erection in WASH
ington by the Commission Of
Fine Arts, the official body
to which Congress looks for
advice concerning such mat
ters. No one, insofar as this
writer knows, has questioned
the ability or the integrity
of the distinguished members
of this commission who were
selected to be "well-qualified
judges Of the fine arts" as
stipulated in the act of Con-
greSs creating the commits
sion in 1910. During the more
than five decades of its serv-
ice to the Nation, the Com
mission Of Fine Arts has held
the responsibility of deter
mining. on behalf Of the
Congress, whether or not
works Of art, in the broadest
sense of that term. are
worthy to be built or placed
in the District Of Columbia
and, under certain circum-
stances, elsewhere in the
United States and abroad.
The seven gentlemen, who
serve as members Of the
commission, are appointed
by the President; they serve
without pay and carry out
their duties with considerable
sacrifice Of time and effort.
When they arrive upon de-
cisions it Is only after pro-
longed and thoughtful dis
cussion. based upon many
years Of experience with a
thorough knowledge of and
a sympathetic attitude
toward the Nations Capital
and with a dedicated desire
to keep it the most distin-
guished city in the world.
This writer served as a
member Of the Commission
Of Fine Arts for more than
eighteen years (1932-1950)
and as the chairman from
1887 to 1850; this period Of
his service covered the full
span Of years that Mr.. Roose-
Evening star., 1962-05-22

Velt served as the Ch1ef EX-
ecutive. 1t was this writer's
privilege to have talked with
Mr.. Roosevelt many times
concerning plans for build
ings and memorials in Wash
ington and he can testify to
the fact that the President
was possessed of uncommonly
good taste in artistic mat
ters. In this area he was con-
servative and discerning, as
may be judged by many ex-
presSionS Of opinion in mat
terS related to the arts that
he made during his years in
the presidency.
Mr.. Roosevelt anticipated
that there would be those
who might desire to erect a
monument to his memory.
Realizing this, he expressed
his thoughts to Mr.. Justice
Frankfurter, as stated clear
ly by the justice some
months ago in an article in
the Atlantic Monthly. For
his memorial, Mr.. Roosevelt
indicated to Justice Frank
furter, he desired a simple
block Of granite with q mod
est inscription carved there
on; he wished for nothing
ostentatious.
The question that imme-
diately arises is, why, in view
of Mr.. Roosevelt's request,
does a commission accept
the decision Of a jury that
selected q design which, this
writer believes, would have
been Objectionable to the
person it is proposed to me-
morialize? The writer as
sumes, Of course. that the
commission on the memorial
was apprised Of Mr.. Roose-
velt's wish. 'as expressed
through Mr.. Justice Frank
furter.
Others, distinguished and
competent to render opin-
ions, have expressed them
selves concerning the pre-
MATED design as being un-
worthy Of Mr.. Roosevelt, as
incongruous Tin that it would
be uniting as a companion
piece to the distinguished
memorials to Washington,
Lincoln and Jefferson), as
lacking in distinction and
durability Git is proposed to
Evening star., 1962-05-22

mfrared sensing devices, ra-
dar capable Of making meas
urements Of cloud structure,
and high speed, high ca
pacity digital computers.
"The scientific community's
appreciation of the vast scope
OF the fundamental problems
in the atmospheric sciences"
says a National Academy of
Sciences report, :" is heightened
at a time when, by fortunate
coincidence. adequate tools
for observation and analysis
are ready for application.
The idea Of such a ma
tional center, according to
the report, "arose out of a
consensus within the atmos-
pheric sciences community
that rapid progress in the
field was unlikely without the
existence Of laboratories ca
pable Of broader, more con-
centrated research than a
single university department
can have, either in facilities
or manpower.
The center will have a per-
manent staff of about 800
men, together with visiting
scientists from all over the
world basically interested in
weather problems.
Heart Of Idea"
"The heart of the idea,"
says the National Academy
report, "is development of an
intellectual center, an extern
sion of the traditional uni
versity system, where scien-
lists may gather to consider
and attack various aspects of
some of the sprawling, but
crucial problems in the
weather sciences. The actual
working program Is being
built around the interests of
individual scientists who
plan their own programs and
help recruit their own teams.
"a concerted attack on any
major problem, such as a
theory Of long-range predic-
tion, demands that interac-
tions among scientists span
almost all categories Of in
terest. The goal is to build a
community of science with
out formal departments or
divisions place where the
maximum amount Of easy,
informal cooperation among
scientists may occur natur-
ally. The underlying belief is
that such a milieu will help
to stimulate the conception
and growth of basic and eS-
sentially new scientific ideas
to replenish our scientific
capital"
About a dozen visiting sci
entists are expected to spend
from one to three months
each year at the center.
Evening star., 1962-05-22
LETTERS TO THE STAR
FDR Memorial Contrary to Late Presidents Wishes

build the several reinforced
concrete slabs of varying
heights to more than one
hundred feet and in plan to
arrange them in random
juxtaposition one to an
other), and as ugly.
Mr.. Roosevelt was essen
TALLY a simple man; this
writer, who learned to know
something of his taste In
artistic matters, believes that
he would cringe if he should
view the loosely arranged
huge reinforced concrete
slabs that a few, possibly mis-
guided, souls wish to erect
to his memory. The pre-
MATED design, If built, would
stand as a memorial to the
commission on the memorial
that now places its recon-
mendation before the Con-
gress, to the jury Of selec-
ton and to the designers, but
never, in the writer's opinion,
to Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Gilmore d. Clark
Looks like the New York
group will attain their objec-
tive in the Roosevelt Memo
rial eight monoliths to be
erected in West Potomac
Park in spite of objections
raised by the District Of CO.
lumbia. Wonder what Con-
gress will do about 1t. If
this proposed eyesore is erect
ed near our Washington
Monument and the Lincoln
Memorial it would be a sacri-
lege and a desecration of
those beautiful memorials.
Maybe they'll string wires
between the eight wash
boards for the birds to rooSt
on at night and change the
name from West Potomac
Park to Startling Park. And,
as for the statue Of Franklin
D. Roosevelt they will erect
in one corner, it would be a
fitting gesture If Franklin D.
would be standing on a ped
estal, with arms raised and
his eyes looking up to the
skies, saying (chiseled in the
granite beneath him): Good
Lord, I never expected to end
up in a junk-yard!"
A. J. HendIey, Sr.
Evening star., 1962-05-22
THE POLITICAL MILL
Will Democrats Draft Wuoner?
By GOULD LINCOLN

on a candidate at this date
is really advisable. Such a
selection would place Gov.
Rockefeller, who already is
campaigning the State, in
position to open fire and
concentrate that fire for
months to come. Some party
strategiStS believe it better
to keep the Governor guess
ing about his opponent.
Display-the-C candidates Plan
Mayor Wagner, almost i'm
mediately after his with
drawal announcement and
talk with President Kennedy
in Washington, said that it
would be a good plan for the
party to take a number of
candidates and move them
about the State, so they could
show their faces and give the
voters a chance to look them
over and decide.
Among the names ad-
vanced for the gubernatorial
nomination are former Post
master General James A,
Farley, former Representative
Franklin D. Roosevelt, jr.,
Paul R. Screvane, deputy
mayor Of New York; Frank
D. O'Connor, Queens County
district attorney; Represent
ative Samuel S. Stratton of
Schenectady, the first to
throw his hat formally in the
ring, and District Attorney
Frank Hogan. There are also
an industrialist or two and
a couple of judges. None of
them have actually stuck out
their neckS - except Mr..
Stratton. 1t seems unlikely.
too, that they will join in any
pilgrimage about the State
to sell their wares. So, in the
end, it will be the delegates
at the convention and back
of-the-scenes activities of
party leaders that will settle
these nominations.
Democratic nom nations
for Governor of New York
often have provoked des-
perate convention battles. In
1854, for example, Franklin
D. Roosevelt, jr., clashed vio-
lently with the forces of Av-
erel Hartman, backed by
the then Tammany boss.
Carmine G. De Sapio, now
dethroned by Mr.. Wagner.
and Mr.. Hartman won. And
earlier still, a knockdown-
drag-out battle was fought
by State Chairman James A.
Farley and the late President
FRANKLIN D. Roosevelt, each
OF whom had his candidate
for the gubernatorial nomi-
nation-a battle won by Mr.
Farley. In 1858, there was no
question about the renomina-
ton Of Gov. Hartman, but
the Democrats tore them
selves open over the selection
OF a senatorial candidate.
District Attorney Frank Ho-
gan, with the backing of Mr..
De Sapio won.
The Republicans already
have begun a Campaign
against Democratic boss
ISM" charging that Mayor
Wagner and the Kennedy
administration will make the
selection of the party's gu
bernatorial and senatorial
candidates when all the cards
are down. The mayor and the
kennedys will do their best
to get away from such a
charge. 1t hurt the party in
1853
Evening star., 1962-05-22
Disputed Philippine War Damage Claims

ment would have to be made
as to whether the Philippines
could best be assisted by ad-
ditional war damage pay
ments to individuals or
whether other forms Of aid
should be utilized.
In 1850 the highly-re-
spected Bell Mission to the
Philippines concluded that
further war damage pay
mentS to individuals would
not contribute materially to
economic development in the
Philippines and that continu-
ing assistance by the United
States should be for develop
ment projects in agriculture
and industry related to the
specific needs Of the Philip
pine economy rather than as
additional war damage pay
mentS to individuals" The
majority of the members
have concurred in this view.
The Philippine War Damage
Commission was allowed to
pass out of existence in 1851
and for over 10 years no
funds have been authorized
to pay war damage claims.
Our aid has been put in
stead into specific programs
which would have direct rele-
vance to aiding the Philip
pine economy. Incidentally,
since the end Of the war we
have provided over a billion
dollars in economic aid to the
Philippines.
The recently-defeated bill
had little relation to the past
rehabilitation or future eco
nomic growth in the Philip
pines. Instead, it was de-
signed in such a way as to
give windfall profits to a few
powerful business interests in
the Philippines. While about
half the funds would have
been divided among some
80 = odd thousand smaller
claimants, the other half of
the $73 million would have
gone to 223 corporations and
"a individuals who would each
have been given over $25, 900.
Eighty three corporations
would be given amounts in
excess of 100000 apiece.
Passing such a bill would
have been windfall legisla-
ton of the worst kind.