davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-01-17
FROM THE MAI

FROM THE MARCO POLO
BRIDGE TO PEARL HAIR
BOR, A Study of Japan's
Entry into World War III
by David j. Lu, Foreword
by Herbert Feis. 274 PIP,
Public Affairs Press, pub
lished In cooperation with
Bucknell University Press,
$4.75.
ut is not generally realized
that Japan entered World
War II with almost no hope
of victory" begins Professor
Lu, Director of the Institute
for Asian Studies at Buck
nell University. And he pro-
ceeds to ask the inevitable
question, why did Japan
enter into WARP"
He began to answer this
question by making a study
Of "Japan's decision-making
process" and ended by writ
ing a history of Japanese
foreign policy from the Sino-
Japanese War (the China
Incident" in Japanese par
lance) to the attack on Pearl
Harbor.
It was a difficult and try
ing time for Japan as for the
rest of the world and Profess
sor Lu has had to co-ordin-
ate changes in political views
and alignments in Japan
(Which below the cabinet
level are rather sketchily in
dicated here) with the i'm
mense complexities of Axis
tactics, most particularly
diplomatic activity vis-a-Yis
the Soviet Union.
A DIPLOMATIC HISTORY,
more or less by definition,
sends a variety Of important
questions off to the side
lines. Japan was and is a
highly industrialized nation
which must import raw ma
terials and export finished
goods in order to live. Jap
anese diplomats seemed to
assume that these necessary
conditions could be brought
about only by military and
or political conquest of China
and substantial parts OF
Southeast Asia. This as
sumption was one of the
mainsprings of Japanese pol
icy throughout the period
Professor Lu has clea arly
shown its operation without
however investigating its es-
Sence or its correctness.
AS Professor Lu sees it
Japan's tragic march towards
the attack on Pearl Harbor
was brought about by a va
riety of factors of varying
apparent Importance all of
which had the unfortunate
effect of reinforcing one an
other. Underlying the course
of events we're two major po-
litical and military errors;
Evening star., 1962-01-17
Mans Conscience

There was a time when q
mans conscience was a mat
ter between him and his
Maker. Any prodding which
came from that still, small
voice" was consideredpersonal
and private by the individual.
But if the recent designations
from the Metropolitan and
Cosmos Clubs are, as has been
suggested, a matter Of con-
SCIENCE" then it would ep-
pear from the press confer
ence approach to these res
ignations that a mans Con-
science today is a matter be-
tween him and his public.
AS I understand it, both of
these clubs are private clubs,
and have always maintained
a policy of segregation. 1t is
hard to believe that the dis
tinguished gentlemen who
have recently resigned from
these clubs were not fully
aware of this. So, it must be
that the still small voice was
sound asleep while they were
becoming members, and ap-
parently for some time there
after. Now, with changes In
their positions and status,
their consciences appear to
have suddenly awakened and
demanded that they be heard,
publicly. A nice private little
letter Of resignation just will
not do.
This is not intended as q
criticism of these gentlemen.
I believe in the still. small
voice and I applaud those who
have the courage to act &C
cording to their convictions.
These are the kind Of men
we desperately need in pub
lie life today.
But, with so much publicity
being given to these resigna-
tions from a private club,
one cannot help but wonder
if there is more to this than
just a matter Of conscience. "
After all, it is 1862, and 1864
Is not too far away. And I am
rather inclined to believe that
Bayard Taylor may have been
right when he said that "con-
science, in most men, is but
the anticipation of the opin-
ion of others"
Elsie King MOreland.
Evening star., 1962-01-17
LET TERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used u
letters carry tDriterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
terS are subject to condenSa-
ton. Those not used will be
returned only Uhen accom- =
panied By self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1962-01-17
PARIS.

PARIS.
Secretary of State RuSk
has told members of the Sen
ate Foreign Relations Com
mittee that he believes some
thing unusual is going on
behind the walls of the
Kremlin in Moscow. Members
of the committee reported
afterward that Mr.. Rusk
feels a major policy decision
may be in the works" at the
highest level of the Russian
hierarchy.
Kremlinologists in this
part of the world are very
much Of the same opinion.
For some time now a good deal
of high-powered speculation
has been going on as to what
these decisions might be and
how they will affect the West.
There is an impression
among some leading French
experts on Russia that the
soul searching of the Krem-
lin is closely tied in with
the process of "deStaliniza-
tion." The systematic cam
paign of destruction against
the former tyrant reached a
kind of macabre climax dur
ing the recent 22d Commu-
mist Party Congress with the
removal of Stalin's body from
his tomb. Since then there
are some indications that the
campaign has taken a new
turn.
The public proceedings dur
ing the Congress also cast
new light on the real sig
nificance of the destaliniza-
ton process. What started
out as a relatively simple
personal struggle for power
has assumed many more far
reaching implications for Pre-
mier Khrushchev and his COL
leagues.
In the beginning it seems,
Discrimination was little more
than a device to eliminate Mr..
Khrushchev's opposition. At
Stalin'S death a number of
others in the hierarchy, in
cluding Malenkov, Kagano-
witch and Bulganin, had con-
Siderably better claim as the
rightful heirs of Stain than
Mr.. Khrushchev. And since
it was impractical to destroy
these heirs the logical and
obvious thing to do was to
destroy their testator. This
reasoning led to Mr.. Khru-
shchev'S famous secret speech
to the goth party Congress
in 1856 in which the crimes
Of the dead dictator were
first denounced.
Khrushchev Tendencies
There also we're logical i'm
plications in the destaliniza-
ton process in the area Of
policy and doctrine. The rela-
tive liberality of Mr.. Khru-
shchev's brand of communism
may reflect to some extent
his personal tendencies as a
human being. But it is also
certainly true that this trend
toward liberalization has been
the inevitable counterpart of
the personal campaign of de-
Struction waged against
Stain and his works.
Since the beginning down
to very recent days, this pol
icy of discrimination has
Evening star., 1962-01-17

sibility not discussed in the committees
report. The issue of more judges prob
ably will be raised, however, when the
legislation comes before Congress.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-19
Tex Cut Plan
IsOpposed
By GuIbruith
By the Associated prs,,

John Kenneth Galbraith, cur
rently the United States Am
bassador to India, has come out
in opposition to President Ken
nedy's proposed tax cut in 1868
In q television interview yes
terday the Ambassador stressed
that he was speaking purely
as q private citizen and purely
as q Harvard economist"
"Or former Harvard econo.
mist" he added.
II think everybody knows
have never been very enthusi'
astic about tax cuts as q device
for it is an economic device" hi
said.
II have had the feeling that
we are going to have TO have
o large amount Of revenue for
both domestic and overseas
purposes and that the cutting
Of taxes in this situation Is not
the best form Of economic pol
ICY"
But I hasten to say that ]
speak purely as an individual
in that matter and with no
view Of being critical Of those
who have reached another de-
cision."
Mr.. Galbraith has announced
that he will return to his post
in New Delhi soon and will re-
main there "for the duration"
Of the border emergency.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-19
U. N. Group Acts
For Extension of
Arab Refugee Aid

UNITED NATIONS, Dec. Is
(A.-The Assembly's Specia
Political Committee voted yes.
terday to extend U. N. relief
and education programs fol
Arab refugees for two more
years. The vote was 1910
with Israel and CAMERON alb
staining. It represented q VIC
tory for the United States
which had sought in proposing
the draft to reach a realistic
compromise.
The resolution also calls on
the Palestine Cancellation Com
mission-Turkey, France and
the United States-to continue
its efforts to resolve the refu-
gee problem.
The U. N. program for the
million Arabs displaced In the
wake Of the 194S-49 Arab-Is-
raeli war is administered by the
U. N. Relief and Works Agency
for Palestine Refugees in the
Near East. It's mandate is due
to run out next June 80.
Two other draft resolutions
an Arab-backed proposal to APP
point q U. N. custodian to adj
minister Arab properties on
Israeli soil and on Israeli-sup-
porter appeal for direct nego-
tiations to settle all Israeli
Arab differences-were with
drawn by their sponsors after
passage Of the American draft.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-19
Dominicons Go Armed
As Free Election Neors

sANTo DOMINGO, Domini.
IAN Republic, Dec. 10 (AP) -
romorrow's election will be ar
experiment in democracy, but
Oominicans are carrying guns
lust In case.
On the streets Of this CAPT.
tal-approaching its first fret
vote In 38 years you hardly
can give anyone with even (
minor stake in the outcome {
typical Latin American greet
ing without embracing q hid
den revolver.
That's a measure Of the ten.
sion as Dominicans wind VI
the l9-month transition perioC
from the Trujillo Dictatorship
to representative government
Relative peace has prevailed L
the last several months, but the
strain was evident in somt
scuffling and shooting in thu
air last night. Helmeted riot
squads broke up the crowd.
Dispute Appears Settled
A sudden dispute that broke
out over the week end between
one Of the major parties anc
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-19
u. 5. Air|iftinq
Indian Troops,
GaIbraith Says
BY the Associated Press

John Kenneth Galbraith
United States Ambassador tc
India, says American C-13C
transport planes are flying In.
dian troops from the PakiStar
border and other areas to the
Himalayan front lines facing
Chinese Communist forces.
In a tapped television inter-
view CWTOP-CBS), yesterday
the envoy said the Indian army
was rather badly mauled" IL,
the Chinese attack on the
northeast frontier sector.
They lost the better part OF
one division and quite a lot OF
miscellaneous forces on the Sc
Pass" he said.
Mr.. Galbraith said Chinese
troops surrounded the Indian
division.
"A great many people got
back with their personal weap-
ons but lost their heavier weap-
ons :" he said, so they badly
needed this time to get other
forces into the area and to re-
organize forces to come back
and to re-equip them.
THAT, Of course, Is what
they have been using our
C-130s for-to redeploy their
troops from along the Pakistan
border, or wherever else they
are, into this area where they
are needed"
Mr.. Galbraith said that the
Chinese, since announcing q
cease fire late in November,
have withdrawn from the most
advanced position they took in
Eastern India.
How rapidly they are with
drawing and how far back they
will 60 Of course still remains
to be seen, but they seem to
have given UP some positions, :"
he said.
Mr.. Galbraith, home for con-
situations with President Ken
nedy. was to leave today for
the conferences now under way
at Nassau between President
Kennedy and Prime Minister
Macmillan Of Britain.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-19

has ruled that out as far as the
committee size Is concerned
the fight Is shaping UP Is q
real cliff hanger and q switch
of only q few votes could decide
the outcome.
Many Won't Be Back
An analysis Of last years vote
shows that:
1. Thirteen members who
supported Mr.. Rayburn viii not
be back because OF redistricting.
Eight who voted with Mr..
Smith won't return for the
same reason.
2. Eleven others who voted
for the increase were replaced
by members expected 10 vote
the other way next month.
Nine others who opposed the
change were replaced by mem
bers expected 10 support the
increase.
That would give the oppon-
ents q net pickup of seven votes
II all returning members stand
pat.
offsettinE that gain. how
ever. are 10 new members who
didn't replace anyone but were
elected 10 new seats created by
redistricting. Backers Of the
enlargement are counting on al
least - OF the newcomers. OPP
ponents claim q minimum OF
six.
That would be q net gain OF
seven votes for the liberals and
would offset the seven gains
claimed by the conservatives
through requirements and losses
from redistricting.
II could dump the issue
squarely into the laps Of about
IS Southern Democrats, includ-
ing IL Texans, who voted with
Mr.. Rayburn In 1861.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-19

the Roman Catholic church
appeared to have been settled
Juan Bosch. So, the party''
presidential candidate, signalec
his intention Of staying in the
race after q Spanish Jesuit re-
tracted his charge that Mr.
Bosch is a Communist.
The party, the left-of-centel
Dominican revolutionary party
won an extra day Of campaign.
ing-through today--to seek tt
erase what 1t called 1.-The Com.
munist stain" resulting from
the priests accusation.
The Roman Catholic hierar.
chy itself has officially pro.
claimed q hands-off policy to.
ward the election. but Mr.
Bosch said he felt the dispute
with the priest had cost hin
and his party votes in theil
rural strongholds.
The election shapes up as 9
left-right contest, with the Do.
minican Revolutionary PARTS
pitted against the large Ma.
tional Civic Union. represent.
ing the country's conservative
forces, 1t is conceded that ei-
ther Mr.. Bosch or DR.. Viriatc
A. Fiallo Of the Civic Unior
will emerge as president from Q
field Of five candidates.
Results Of the vote will b.
available "conclusively" within
three days or by Christina,
Eve, Emilio de los Santos, pres.
ident Of the National Electora.
Board, said.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-19

power in q struggle with Mr..
Senghor over economic policies.
The left-leaning Mr.. Dia was
held under guard in an annex
Of Mr.. Senghor's palace but
he is expected to be moved to
Goree Island off Senegal, once
q slave-trading center.
= People Apathetic
The capitals 100000 people
appeared generally apathetic
about the recent crisis, which
involved mainly the politicians
and q handful of military lead
ers.
Several hundred SenegalesG
watched the deputies-somt
wearing European suits, other
long colorful robes and rel
fezes-arrive for the Nationa
Assembly session in big blacl
limouSines.
Although the original con.
denination motion against the
Ola government was voted by
only 4S Of the 30 deputies, so
deputies were in the Assembly
today denouncing the impris-
ofaed ex-Premier.
.Senegalese soldiers in the
camouflage uniform Of French
pafatroops guarded the white
walled Parliament building.
Worn out after two sleeplesS
nights, Mr.. Senghor left once
the session began. Noticing
Andre Peytavin, the only
Frenchman In the Senegalese
government, standing in q cor
ridor outside, he shouted to
him:
."You should be in session
with the others. ID. The future
Of the country is being de-
clded."
Mr.. Peytavin was Public
Works Minister in the Dia gov
eminent.
Mr.. Dia had split with Mr..
Senghor over economic policy
and tried TO abolish the As
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-19

sembly to head off q pend
ing motion Of cenSure.
Throughout yesterday, para
troopers had surrounded Mr..
Dia's home in the Medina sector
of Dakar where he was con-
ferring with five Of his fol-
lowers.
After the Assembly took away
Mr.. Dia's immunity from ar
rest. the troops moved in and
seized him.
A short distance away from
Mr.. Dia's residence, thousand,
Of Senegalese massed around
the presidential palace to chez
Mr.. Senghor. He came out II
the palace balcony and thanked
the people for their support.
The National Assembly voted
l5l-0 with 3 abstentions tt
abolish the office Of Premier
and make the French-educated
Mr.. Senghor head Of govern
ment as well as chief Of state.
Referendum Okayed
The Assembly also author
lied Mr.. Senghor TO submit
constitutional revisions to the
electorate in q national refer
endum.
After the Army and gen.
darmerie pledge support, Mr..
Senghor moved swiftly to crush
what was building up into q
revolt or attempted coup d'etat.
He named two OF his loyal fol-
lowers as Justice Minister and
Communications Minister, and
took control of radio Senegal.
The country remained calm
Mr.. Senghor proclaimed the
day q legal holiday, closing
government offices, banks and
most business. Released from
work, thousands Of people con-
verged on the presidential
palace toward the end Of the
afternoon. They seemed In q
light-hearted mood.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-19
Hospital Stoy
Ordered for Kerr
By the Associated Press

Senator Kerr's physician has
recommended that Senator
Kerr remain in Doctors Hos
pital for an extended period
the Senator's aides report.
There has been some sus-
picion Of a cardiac disturb
ance," the aides said. ThG
Oklahoma Democrat, who is 66
entered Doctors Hospital, or
Sunday for treatment of what
was described at the time as 9
virus infection and for q ply
steal checkup.
DR.. James L. Heating Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-19
Kennedy Backers See Gain
In Rules Committee Fiqht

Representative Reuss, Demo
cdat Of Wisconsin, spokesman
for q group Of liberals seeking
the increase, said he figured
his side has the votes 10 win
He said II would be "a photo
finish" on q companion drive
10 curb the Rules Committees
power by limiting It's ability Ia
hold up legislation indefinitely
Opponents OF the increase
led by Representative Howard
w. Smith. Democrat OF Virginia
chairman Of the committee
sought hopefully for assistance
from Democratic Representa-
tives Vinson OF Georgia and
Cannon Of Missouri. who voted
for the increase two years age
at the behest OF the lats
Speaker Sam Rayburn oil
Texas.
Won BY Five Votes
Mr.. Rayburn, who died q year
ago. won the fight by q 2i7-to-
ala vote. He had staked hi
prestige on the outcome anc
some oldtimers voted with him
for personal reasons.
Mr.. Vinson declined 10 com.
ment on his stand In the forth.
coming battle. but sources clos,
10 him predicted he would vott
with the conservatives.
Mr.. Cannon wouldn't sa!
fatty that he would oppose tn
increase but commented signif'
icantly:
II supported Sam Rayburn
/ didn't feel that way"
Mr. Cannon was credited
generally with having per.
suaded several Missouri col.
leagues 10 support Mr.. Ray.
burn.
Unless q compromise 4
Ireached--and Chairman Smith
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-19
$46.e Million Ship

Basic cost Of constructing the
nuclear vessel Savannah was
1855 million, with another $ll.s
million for necessary appurte-
nances. training, administrative
and construction support ex-
penditures.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-19
ny In. Associated Press

Leaders Of a drive TO head
off conservative control Of the
House Rules Committee think
President Kennedy has given
them the ammunition TO win
the battle.
They claim q 10-vote edge
II a fight over enlarging the
committee takes place in the
new Congress converting in
January.
The Presidents strong public
plea for the enlargement, they
figured. put them safely over
the top In the potential contest
In which every vote may be
crucial.
In his television-radio inter-
view Monday night. Mr.. Ken
nedy said his whole program
-. would be emasculated' II
the committee Is not increased
from IL 10 is members.
However. opponents OF the
drive were looking for help
from two key Congressmen who
were on the other side OF the
fence two years ago but give
indications Of climbing over II.
Avoided Open Fight
The President took no open
part In the 1861 fight that In
creased the committee size 10
D--i0 Democrats and five Re-
publicans-but his lieutenants
worked like beavers for the
project, designed TO give liberals
cpntrol OF the committee.
The enlargement was tempo.
rnry. Unless the House vote,
that way again. the committed
In. the next Congress will b,
composed OF eight Democrats
and four Republicans, witt
6 conservative coalition II
control.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-19
VOA Jumming Costs

The Russians spend approx
mately $l25 million q year try
ing to jam the Voice Of Amer
lea programs. according to Ed
ward r. Murrow, United States
Information Agency director.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-19

Washington gave this report on
Senator Kerr's condition:
HE entered the hospital with
a mild respiratory infection. In
the process of study some sus-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-19
SWEDEN'S MOTHER CHRISTMAS
Senegal Leaders Meet
AS Political Crisis Ends

DAKAR, Senegal, Dec 10 (AP)-Cleary In command,
President Leopold Senghor Parliament today
the future Of this West African nation he has closely aligned
with France
= Sources said deposd Premier Mamadou would tried
charges of high treason for attempting complete
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-19

picion Of a cardiac disturbance
was noted. / have recon-
mended an extended stay in the
hospital for rest and observa-
ton"
The Nome nugget., 1962-04-18
COMMUNITY METHODIST CHURCH Gerald McCray, Pastor

At the Community Methodist Church there will be special com munion service Thursday night al 7::30 in remenaberance of the Last Supper Jesus had with his men.
 Sunday morning at 500 we will have Easter breakfast at the church. The price for adults will be $1.00 and 75 cents for children.
 The Church School will present their Easter program at 9:45 with all members of the Church School taking part. The families are well come to be present.
 Special music will be presented by the native translated choir and other interested persons who have dedicated some of their time and talents to God.
 Easter we plan to have baptis- nal services and reception of new members at the HOO service. There will be plenty of space for you to worship since we will open the overflow space in the Fellowship Hall after the nave and balcony are filled. It appears that we will have a record attendance in church this Easter. We hope to see you in church on this special day in the life of the church This is the time that we celebrate the victory of the Risen Lord.
 The MYF will have their cleo ton of officers at e::30 pm.
 Tie main event of the evening service will be related to the film that will be shown after the 7:30 worship.
The Nome nugget., 1962-04-18
Individual Incomes Set Record High in March

WASHINGTON iR = Individual incomes set a record in March, largely because of improved em- ployment in the automobile and clothing industries
 The Commerce Department said today that personal income in March was running at an annual rate of $435.3 billion, after making allowances for normal seasonal fluctuations. This was $2 billion higher than February and $28 bil- lion above March 1881.
 The largest payroll advance was in manufacturing, reflecting in creased production of autos and wearing apparel. Most of the i'm provenent mirrored rising employ ment, plus some increase in the average work week.