davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1962-11-30

Bureau power lines are non-existent
over most of Montana.
Canyon Ferry is prime example
of a Captive" dam no way
out for the power, except over
Montana Power Company's lines.
These are some of the problems
facing directors and managers of
Montana's Electric Co-ops.
Added to this is a change in the
thinking of the consumer. A genera
ton ago, vivid memories of the kero-
sene lantern and the hand pump out
in the back yard made him an easy
going customer. But today's demands
on electricity to do all the extensive
list of chores modern inventiveness
can dream up, leave no room for
excuses if the Juice" isn't there
when Mr.. Modern and his family
push the switch.
Yesterdays farmer was loyal to
the coop that succeeded in getting
central station power to the farm;
today's farmer cares but little who
delivers it, just so it is there, and
cheap.
TODAY, A VOLUME USER
Today's farmer is a volume user.
Electricity will do SO many of the
chores of the old time ''hired man..
Not only on the farm has the use
doubled every seven years; the exc
dus from the city to ''the little place
in the country" outside the city
limits, has made a whole new class
of customers for the Coop. These
are people who want electric heat,
air conditioning, water systems :.
all the gadgets that make home
in the country equal to any they can
have in town.
The summer cabin owner, who de-
mands good service though he may
be many a mile up a secluded noun
tain stream, the sawmfll, the feed
mill, the post treating plant, the ski
run and recreational areas that our
ever increasing population is push
ing farther and farther out from the
centers of population-aH create the
demand for more and more cleo
tricity.
Power supply is vital problem.
Leaning on the private power COM
pany or the Bureau of Reclamation
won't solve it.
Banding together, putting weight
where it counts, using collective
brains and money and time, is the
thought behind the forming of a
Generation and Transmission CO.
operative.
Those directors and managers of
Montana electric co-operatives who
are putting time and effort into the
building of a successful GIT think
it is the only solution to the prob
lens of dependable, independent, low
cost power.
The shell must break before the
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1962-11-30
THREE POSSIBLE APPROACHES

Speaking on possible solutions to
meeting pressing health problems of
our older citizens he suggested three
possible approaches.
First, he said, we could ignore the
problem, but he did not believe this
country would become the victim Of
the unbelievable human callousness
to forget.
Second, he named the "relief ap-
proach'' where a person is allowed
to exhaust all resources and savings
then go to the relief office, sign a
pauper's oath then be put on the dole.
The third method would be through
social security insurance where over
the course of useful, earning years a
citizen can contribute to fund that
will then be available to take care
of costly disqualification.
DR.. Kent said this does not mean
relief assistance should never be
used, but that it should be the last
line of defense to fall back on when
all else fails.
The citizens of this nation must
apply their philosophy and values to
the entire picture to determine the
best kind of program, he said. AS
guide lines, any program of this kind
should, 1. prevent dependency, 2. pre-
serve the maximum freedom and dig
nifty of the individua1; 3. return as
many as possible from dependency;
a. if none of these things can be
done society must then simply pro-
vide as near as possible for necessary
human needs.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1962-11-30

The shell must break before the
bird can fly.-Tennyson.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1962-11-30

looking into the future, and not q
very distant future at that and fore
saw the need of a coop grid and
more kilowatts as did Marias Coop
at Shelby.
Sun River of Fairfield, Fergus of
Lewistown, Vigilante at Dillon, all
like Park at Livingston, dependent
on one private utility for power,
took look at the picture and Won
dered if some way could be found
to become less entirely dependent
on their one supplier, because in the
years to come, adequate, low cost,
dependable electric power could pos
sibly spell the difference between
extinction or survival.
To none of these Independent CO.
operatives was it pleasing to be
dependent for their electricity on
a company who could dictate to
whom and how they could resell it.
To these co-opcratives, public
power, Bureau of Reclamation power,
or Bonneville power looked like
better bet. Of course there are prob
lens, even after an electric coop
becomes a Bureau customer the
Bureau, though making strides in
the last few years, has never agreed
to supply all of its customers needs.
Currently, they warn their customers
that by 1865 only $3.50 of the antici
pated demand can be met.
USE DOUBLING EVERY
SEVEN YEARS
Demand for electric power is for
ever growing for some time now
the history of growth shows doub-
ling of kilowatt usage every seven
years, and there seems to be no let-up
in sight
The change from a luxury to a
necessity of Life, out in the country
as we'll as in the towns and cities,
makes it imperative that the CO.
operatives look to their power sup
ply as their number one problem.
Wheeling charges, where power is
moved from place to place over the
power company lines in Montana are
above rates in the entire western
region of the United States.
Zone wheeling, where kilowatt
IS moved so miles for one mill, 100
for two mills, $50 for 3 mills is a
condition the Montana Power insists
Upon when dealing with the Bureau
If Reclamation. This effectively pre-
cludes any Coop, more than so miles
from the source of supply, from be-
coming Bureau customer. since
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1962-11-30
FOUR ELEMENTS OF
A SOUND PROGRAM

Four elements of sound program
include knowledge, trained person
Evening star., 1962-12-25

RICHMOND, Dec. Is (AP) +.
= Did you have any trouble
getting a Christmas tree this
year?
Consider the plight Of two
State Capitol employees, M. l..
Westman and George L. Gillen.
Their job: Get a perfectly
shaped 30-foot native cedar for
the south portico Of the State
Capitol.
They had one lined up, then
had to get another, which Gov.
and Mrs. Albertis s. Harrison,
jr., lighted last week.
The owner of the first tree
had agreed to sell the big cedar
for $25-cash. When the two
came back with a State check,
the farmer baked. He wouldn't
take a State of Virginia check.
Besides" the farmer said,
MY sister saw on television
where they already have a
Evening star., 1962-12-25
$4,000 BIoze
Routs Family

Fire today caused an esti-
mated $4,000 damage to a two
story frame home at l280S
Hathaway drive, Kensington
Md.
The blaze apparently started
In a defective gas furnace in a
storage area on the second
floor, according to Assistant
Chief Donald Shoemaker Of the
Kensington Fire Department
He said flames went through
the roof but firemen were able
to confine the blaze to the sec
ond floor.
The homeowner, William B.
Murray, said he, his wife, and
their son, Billy, 10. were able
to escape outside unharmed but
their pet kitten ran back to-
ward the flames and could not
be saved.
Chief Shoemaker estimated at
$4,000 damage to the building
and $4,000 to its contents.
Evening star., 1962-12-25
By . star staii Writer

PALM BEACH, Fla. Dec. 25.-
This Christmas Day was made
"a little brighter" for President
Kennedy by the return to the
United States Of the lib Gu
ban freedom fighters held cap
tive since the disastrous Bay OF
Pigs invasion 20 months ago.
The President was described
as most concerned" now about
the fate of % Americans still
held prisoner by Cuban Premier
Fidel Castro's regime, but he
withheld comment about re-
ports of hopeful efforts for
their early release.
For strategic as well as hu-
manitarian reasons, the Presi-
dent breathed a sigh of relief
as the last planeloads of Cuban
prisoners winged their way
from Havana last night.
The presence in Cuban pris-
ons Of the hundred of men cap
tured in the abortive 1861 in
vasion, for whom he felt q per-
sonal responsibility, somewhat
limited his freedom of action
during the recent Cuban crisis
sources in Washington reported
May Stiffen Trade Rules
Getting these hostages out Of
Mr.. Castro's hands removes one
brake against, stronger Ameri-
can action against Cuba's COM
munist regime. .
The President is expected tC
act soon to tighten the econom-
ic screws on Mr.. Castro by
cutting off American cargoes
from free-world ships which
Evening star., 1962-12-25

The African Pilot brought the
first installment of their ram
some to Havana. James B,
Donovan, the New York lawyer
who negotiated the captives'
release, got Prime Minister
Fidel Castro to allow relatives
of the invaders to leave Cuba
on the empty ship.
Mr.. Castro also promised to
discuss the early release of %
Americans held in Cuban jails
for anti-Castro activities, Mr.
Donovan said.
To Sail Tomorrow
The African Pilot is sched-
uled to sail tomorrow for Port
Everglades. about 80 miles
north of Miami and a 12-hour
run from Havana. After un-
loading its passengers, the ship
will pick up a second load of
ransom medicine and food and
return to Havana. 1t brought
$ll million worth on its first
trip this week.
The l0,000-ton freighter nor
mally handles only 18 passen-
gers. The crew was preparing
emergency accommodations In
its empty holds and on sheltered
decks for the refugee paSsen-
gers.
Mr.. Donovan flew TO Miam
yesterday to get together q
party Of medical personnel tc
care for women and children
on the voyage. He said the shiT
had ample water and that Mr.
Evening star., 1962-12-25

Ties ana efforts TO Subvert the
Americas.
They expect therefore a re-
newal of United States and
hemisphere pressures, short of
invasion, to topple the bearded
Prime Minister.
The successful outcome of the
lengthy, Government backed
negotiations to win release of
the prisoners delighted persons
high in the Kennedy admins
tration.
Both Success, Failure
1t was understood that in
the unreleased portion of his
television interview a week ago,
President Kennedy listed Cuba
as both his greatest success and
his greatest failure since taking
office.
The results of the encounter
with the Soviets over offensive
weapons in Cuba ranks as a
success, in the administration
view. The abortive 1861 Bay
of Pigs invasion is rated a fail
ure. and Mr.. Kennedy is known
to have felt deep moral re-
sponSibility for the captured
invaders.
Under this line of reasoning,
the freeing of the prisoners did
much to atone for the 1861 mis-
take. And a d dministration m
sources feel that for all prac-
tical purposes it closed the
chapter on the unfortunate af-
fair.
Some domestic critics seem
likely to take a different view.
There have been complaints
against the $53-million ran
som" and the Governments
role in the deal.
A number Of Washington Of
ficials noted with surprise the
physical condition of the cap
tives as they arrived in Florida.
News reports indicated the
prisoners were in reasonably
good health although some
what underfed.
This differed from the stark
picture of starvation and dis
ease which had been fed to
United States intelligence by
Evening star., 1962-12-25

Castro had said he would sup
ply the necessary food.
The ships engineering per-
sonnel strung additional lights
in the holds. Red Gross officials
got together a supply of mats
and cots.
Because the ship does not
have enough lifeboats or RATS
for so many people, the United
States Navy is expected to es-
cort the freighter after it
leaves Cuban waters.
The officers and men Of the
African Pilot appeared to take
pride in the extra duty.
The seamen had signed
aboard the freighter in Balti-
more a week ago realizing that
they probably would not be
home for Christmas. Now they
probably will not make it until
after the new year.
Meanwhile, Havana news
papers prominently displayed
the prisoners ransom. One
front-page picture showing
medicine boxes was under a
headline that declared: ~. S. A,
Pays the Price Of its War
mongering."
Other stories and pictures
told OF the ships visit. unload
ing Of cargo and the two-hour
tour Of Havana that Mr.. Castro
gave four Americans Sunday
night. Also published was a
complete list Of the prisoners
and the ransom price original
ly demanded for each.
Evening star., 1962-12-25
Bad Weather.
HoIdingDo
Holiday Toll

CHICAGO, Dec. IS (AP).-
The Nations traffic deaths over
the long Christmas week end,
with travel curtailed by cold
and wet weather, today ap-
peared headed for a toll lower
than estimated by safety ex-
perts.
In Virginia, 18 persons have
been killed in traffic, with
three dead in a house fire.
Four persons have died on
Maryland highways since the
week end began.
However, travel today Is ex-
pected to be the heaviest Of the
four-day holiday with home
ward-bound motorists. Safety
officials warned motorists to
use extra caution on snow
packed and ice-slicked high
ways.
Today's figures showed $40
persons killed in traffic acci-
dents since the start Of the 1922
hour holiday period at 6 pm.
(local time) Friday. In other
accidents, 80 persons lost their
lives in fires and 81 others
were killed in miscellaneous ac-
cidents, for a total of 651. The
count ends at midnight tonight.
The National Safety Council
had estimated that $50 to 75O
persons might be killed in traf-
fic accidents during the ex-
tended Christmas holiday pc
riod.
The lowest traffic death toll
for a four-day Christmas holi-
day since World War II was
535 in 1851. The record traffic
toll for any holiday period is
706, set in the four-day Christ
mas week end Of 1856.
Evening star., 1962-12-25
Cubons' Return Makes
Kennedy YuIe Brighter

carry Communist-bloc goods to
Cuba.
But his immediate reaction
to the release of the Cuban
prisoners was primarily one of
simple human delight that they
were reunited with their fami-
lies for Christmas.
This Christmas will be a
little brighter for all Americans
because these men are being
reunited with their loved ones" /"
Mr.. Kennedy said in a statement
issued from his vacation White
House here last night.
II believe that bringing about
the freedom of these prisoners
and saving them from a slow
death is In the interests of our
national principles" he said.
While the deal under which
the prisoners we're released in
exchange for $50 million worth
of American foods and drugs
was arranged by a private COM
mittee, the private operation
was backstopped by a sympa-
thetic Government.
The President let his approx
al Of the operation be known
despite some criticism that 1t
involved paying ransom" to
Mr.. Castro.
He was said to be fully aware
that the release arrangements
might stir political problems
for him by reviving discussion Of
his admitted boner in the Bay
of Pigs invasion. But he was
more concerned by a feeling
that the United States had a
moral obligation to the prison.
ers and their families.
The text Of the Presidents
Evening star., 1962-12-25
REUNION
Continued From Page Al

Continued From Page Al
tears. worried about her hus-
band as he Rugged the child
fiercely.
He seems to have lost
weight" she murmured.
Occasionally among the pris-
oners was one whose hardships
had made him a stretcher case,
borne from the rescue air.
craft on a litter.
Despite the rigors of prison
life, however, and despite the
poor diet which left them thin
and weak, most of the men
seemed healthy. Many leaving
the planes could scarcely wait
to leap from the ramp and get
the feel of free land under
their feet. To assure them
selves it was all true.
Prisoners Reticent
Many of the prisoners were
hesitant to tell reporters about
their experiences. They were
afraid Of making trouble for
their companions still in Cuba
waiting their turn to fly out.
Eduardo Correa was typical.
He described how he had gott
ten involved in the invasion by
joining the Frente Revolucion-
ario. an erstwhile exile organi-
zation headed by Manuel An
tonic de Varona, a fromer Gu
ban premier.
THE Frente offered me the
opportunity to join the inva-
sion force and flew me to
Guatemala to train" Mr.. Cor
rea said. But he wouldn't an
Swer questions about who
owned the plane or what had
happened during training.
Il can't talk about that" he
said. I'VE can't say anything
while some of our comrades
are still in Cuba. Anything
could happen.
Mr.. Correa came out on the
fifth Of the 10 flights to Home
stead Air Force Base.
Leaders Were Last
The last planeload Of pris-
oners seemed TO draw more
warm embraces and tears than
the others, not only because
completed the exchange, but
because the invasion leaders
had waited until the others
were out before they came.
Nevertheless. the very last
prisoner off the plane-Luis
Morse Delgado-had TO side
step 10 avoid a crowd more
interested in seeing and hear
ing James B. Donovan, the New
York lawyer who had negoti-
ated the exchange.
Mr.. Morse, a tall. thin man,
was crying as he walked toward
a bus. He had his arm around
his son, Luis. who had gone TO
the invasion. too. Luis was re-
leased last April with SO other
sick and wounded. He wore a
gray glove on his disfigured
left hand.
Evening star., 1962-12-25
SNOW
Continued From Page Al

Continued From Page Al
at local terminals, but no buses
were being cancelled.
Trains were reported to be
generally on schedule or, in
some cases 10 or Is minutes
late.
Although the early snow was
powdery, driving was difficult
and the American Automobile
Association recommended
chains or snow tires.
District police imposed a
ban on parking along snow
routes at l pm. so that the
streets could be scraped for to-
morrow mornings rush hours.
Sand was spread on some
Evening star., 1962-12-25
SNOW
Police Impose Parking Ban
Along Designated Routes

There were presents to be
opened and examined and holi-
day dinners to be eaten.
The stranded or homeless
men, women and children here
also joined in festive dinners
provided by local charities.
In contrast to today's snow,
which kept traffic light. yester-
days sunshine produced a
swarm of last-minute Christ
mas shoppers in downtown
Washington.
A gigantic traffic jam re-
suited along F and G streets
NV.
At the peak of the crush, it
took up to an hour to drive
only a few blocks.
Evening star., 1962-12-25

statement on the Cuban pris-
oners' release follows:
II am extremely pleased that
the negotiations undertaken by
Mr.. James B. Donovan on be-
half of the Cuban Families
Committee, whose advisory
committee is headed by Gen.
Lucius Clay, have resulted in
the release Of these Cuban pris-
oners.
II know the American people
are proud to welcome these
brave men, who have endured
so much in the cause of free
dom, to our shores.
Credits Firms, Unions
"The return of these men
could not have been possible
without the dedication of the
Cuban Families Committee and
its attorney, Mr.. Donovan. and
the magnificent way in which
manufacturers of foods, drugs
and other products throughout
the United States; transporta-
tion companies, and labor un-
ions have come to the commit
tees assistance. The American
Red Cross has again performed
a notable service in the cause
of humanitarianism in arrang-
ing for shipment of the goods.
II believe that bringing about
the freedom of these prisoners
and saving them from a slow
death is in the interests of our
national principles. This
Christmas will be a little
brighter for all Americans be-
cause these men are being re-
united with their loved ones.
Americans have always had
a strong bond of friendship for
freedom fighters throughout
the world. They have a partic-
ularly strong bond Of friend
ship for these dedicated Cubans
who fought so valiantly for the
freedom Of their homeland"
Evening star., 1962-12-25
TALL PROBLEM SOLVED
.Stote Capitol Gets
Tree After Search

Christmas tree at the Capitol"
Apparently the sister didn't
mention that President Ken
nedy had participated in that
lighting ceremony.
Anyway, said the farmer, he
wasn't so sure Mr.. Westman
and Mr.. Gillen were on the
level.
The result was no tree. The
two men finally found a suit
able tree in the Varina area,
east of Richmond. Ten men
hauled 1t a quarter-mile to be
loaded on a truck.
Evening star., 1962-12-25
Russians Set OFF
Christmas BIuSt

UPPSALA, Sweden, Dec. 25
(AP) The Russians set off
another atmospheric nuclear
test IN the Novaya Zemlaya
area this Christmas Day, the
Uppsala University's Seismo-
logical Institute reported.
The institute estimated the
strength Of the blast at II meg
atoms, equivalent to IL million
tons Of INT. 1t was the oath
test registered here in the So
Wet Unions current series.
Evening star., 1962-12-25
Freiehter Gets Ready
For Prisoners Families
BY GEORGE ARFELD
Associated Press Staff Writer

HAVANA. Dec 25-The of the African Pilot worked
through Christmas today readyng their fegher to take
than 1000 unexpected passengers to the United States
The prospective passengers close relatives of the
of Pigs invaders released exchange for than $50 million
worth Of United States medicines and food.
last of the lib prisoners flew to Miami yesterday
Evening star., 1962-12-25

anti-Castro Cubans. Som e
United States officials here had
told reporters the prisoners
we're in such bad shape they
might not last much longer If
not freed by Christmas.
United States authorities
have had difficulty with intel
ligence on Cuba before. Prior
to the 1861 invasion there was
optimism, not borne out, that
the invaders would quickly
touch off an anti-Castro upris-
ing. Combat ability of the Cas-
tro forces apparently was
grossly underrated.
This year there have been
conflicting reports on the
amount and type of Soviet
military presence in Cuba.
Evening star., 1962-12-25

streets here early today. Wash
ington police planned to call
in tomorrow's 8 am. shift at
$50 am. and hold the mid
night shift late to handle to-
morrow's traffic. All foot pa
trolmen were scheduled for
traffic duty tomorrow.
. Bundled worshipers made
their way in cars or on foot
or in public transportation to
church services today, as well
as to crowded midnight serv-
ices last night.
Sleet Expected
Midnight worshipers gener-
ally were at home before snow
began to fall at 1:50 am. today.
BY 8 am, 3l2 inches of new
snow had fallen and five or
more inches of new snow pre-
dicted.
The snowfall was to be mixed
with sleet this afternoon, pro-
ducing more difficulties for
motorists.
! Snow or rain was expected
tonight with a low of %.
Wednesday was forecast as
cloudy, with snow or rain and
higher temperatures.
Highway workers in Mary
land and Virginia we're called
out and began scraping roads
at about 3 am. BY dawn, be-
tween 4 and 5 inches had fallen
in the Maryland area while
the Culpeper State Police Bar
racks reported more than 5
inches in Northern Virginia.
Snow emergency plans were
invoked in all Southern Mary
land counties and in Mont
gomery and Prince Georges
Counties.
Large Crews at Work
BY 8 am. Maryland had 96
men and 54 pieces Of equip
ment working major highways
in suburban Washington areas.
Additional equipment and to-
tai Of $50 men were expected
to work on the snow today.
In Prince Georges County,
Raymond Sotield, a foreman
at the county garage at Ritchie,
said, IF the wind comes up
and this stuff starts drifting,
we'll be in real trouble. II we
get a little sieet it will put a
crust on this snow and hold
III down."
W. E. Sayer, assistant dis
Itrict engineer for the Mary
land State Roads Commission,
said the snow. with tomor-
rows snow forecast, raises
serious doubts" about the
hoped-for opening Of the Cabin
John Bridge this week end.
He said workers still need
three days of paving weather. "
above freezing temperatures
and relatively dry air.
Traffic was generally light
today in the Washington area
as most families stayed home.
Evening star., 1962-12-25
Chicken House Fire
Causes $4,000 Loss

PARSONBURG, Md, Dec. 25
(AP).-An early morning fire
today destroyed a broiler house
containing about 1000
chickens.
The fire occurred on an ex-
perimental farm owned by the
A. w. Perdue Poultry Co. on
U. S. Route so in Wicomico
County. Cause of the fire has
not been determined. An unof-
ficial estimate places the dam
age above $4,000.