davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1962-11-28

The fall project of the Ma
kina Junior class was very
successful. In recent Harvest
Festival profit of $40 was
received by this ambitious
class of 35.
Special entertainers for the
program We're The Country
Cousins" WECT TV PERSONAL
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-04-01
In Senate Next

Before the final vote, Mr.. Ken
nedy hit the opposition hard in
a news conference statement call
ing for the bills passage. What
effect he had on House Demo-
Gratis is undetermined: he had
none at all on the solid-bloc-
voting Republicans.
The tax measure will be taken
up by the Senate Finance Com
mittee tomorrow and its hearings
are likely to take five weeks. But
the prospects are that it will have
easier going in the upper chamber
than it had in the House.
On the othar hand, another
measure supported by the Ad-
ministration cleared the Senate
fairly easily last week. but now
goes to the House where 1t is
likely to run into heavy difficulty.
This is the constitutional
amendment to ban poll taxes as
requirement for voting in elec-
tons for Federal officials. Pro-
posed by Senator Holland, a Deep
South legislator from Florida, it
nevertheless ran into a "minibus-
ter" or small filibuster, carried
on for II days by his fellow
Southerners.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-04-01
Dilemma for u. S.

The United States will be faced
with a crucial dilemma. If it
recognizes the new Guido govern
ment, it is implicitly approving
the army's actions in defiance of
the free elections.
If it does not, it runs the risk
of letting down many pro- United
States elements in the Argentine
army.
Latin American countries will
react toward Argentina's coup with
mixed feelings. Undoubtedly, the
countries like Paraguay which
have limited democracies, will rec
ognize the new regime. But in ma
tionS where democracy has been
planted, it will be difficult for the
governments to recognize the
Guido cabinet.
Venezuela'S Betancourt - obvi-
ously fearing a Castro revolt if he
recognized the coup-broke rela-
tons with Argentina and called
upon the other American nations
to adopt a policy of "belIigerent
reputation" of the coup. Presi-
dent Betancourt's policy probably
will be widely adopted in the
Americas.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-04-01
Berlin:
A Light Tread

Secretary of State Rusk and
Foreign Minister Gromyko left
Geneva last week after two
weeks of talks on major inter-
national issues. Both agreed to
continue talks on the Berlin
crisis.
Whether the Berlin crisis is the
chicken or the egg of the cold
war, it nevertheless is the most
tangible issue currently dividing
East and West.
1t is in Berlin that Soviet and
Western interests clash directly,
and it is in Berlin that the next
war could most conceivably start.
This is acknowledged by both
Premier Khrushchev and Presi-
dent Kennedy, and it is why both
sides in recent months have
treaded lightly on the issue.
The crisis has been created by
the Soviet Union, for the West
is quite content that Berlin re-
main as it is-divided and oc-
cupied-pending final unification
of Germany.
The Russians-si since November
1958-have been demanding that
the West recognize East Germany,
and pull its forces out of West
Berlin, turning the city over to
international control. The West
not only refuses to recognize the
East Germans because there never
has been a free election there,
Continued on Page BE-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-04-01

player. with no judicial experience,
and only A years old, serving with
Justice Felix Frankfurter, 80, a
former Harvard Law School pro-
fessor? 1t is not as incongruous
as it may appear.
Mr.. White was q brilliant law
student, a Phi Beta Kappa, a
Rhodes scholar, law clerk to Chief
Justice Vinson in the late 1940s
and a corporation lawyer until his
appointment as Deputy Attorney
General last year.
The American Bar Association
Committee on the Judiciary, which
has worked with Mr.. White on
appointments to the Federal
bench, gave his appointment its
highest rating - exceptionally
we'll qualified"
The appointment Of Mr.. VIII tie.
the news of which was received
enthusiastically by Republican
and Democratic Senate leaders.
thus indicating quick confirma-
ton, could affect crucially the
decisions Of the court in key
cases, particularly on those in
volving domestic communism,
loyalty and civil rights.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-04-01
The Tragedy

Mr.. Kennedy declined to answer
the question at his press confer
ence last week, preferring to wait
until the situation had stabilized.
But Mr.. Frondizi and the military
were compelled to find an answer
Immediately. It was their disa-
greement which led to the Argen-
tine tragedy"
Mr.. Frondizi refused to abrogate
the elections and wanted to abide
by the peoples will. He found
satisfaction in the fact that the
moderate parties still held a ma
jority in the assembly, and he
believed democracy would prove
strong in the long run.
The military feared the trend
in the elections. The top generals
felt that if action was not taken
Immediately, Argentina might re-
vert to a dictatorship.
Mr.. Frondizi, the legal president,
was arrested and imprisoned after
a palace coup on Wednesday. The
military kept the constitution
alive, however, and allowed Jose
Maria Guido, the next-in-line, to
assume the presidency.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-04-01
Court:
New Face

Byron r. (Whizzer) White,
Deputy Attorney General, was
named on Friday to succeed
Supreme Court Justice Charles
Evans Whitaker who Is retiring
today because of i'll health.
The vote on the landmark cleo
ton district apportionment case.
as noted, was 6 to 2. One member
of the nine-man Supreme Court
did not cast a ballot. He was JUS
tice Whitaker, a Missourian, who
was appointed to the bench by
President Eisenhower in 1857.
It was known that Justice
Whitaker was ailing; he had gone
to the hospital for a series of tests.
But the seriousness Of his illness
became only publicly clear when
President Kennedy announced on
Thursday morning that the JUS
tice, upon the advice Of his ply
stefan, had submitted his reSigna-
ton from the court.
This gave Mr.. Kennedy his first
opportunity to name a member Of
the Nations highest tribunal and
he lost no time in doing so. On
Friday, he announced the appoint
ment Of a former All America and
professional football player, one
time fellow naval officer and pres
emily the Deputy Attorney General
Byron r. White Of Colorado.
An ex-professional football
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-04-01

Progress

The House on Thursday ap-
proved a modified Kennedy tax
revision measure, 219 to 1876,
giving the President his biggest
legislative victory of the year.
The Senate passed on Tues
day, following a friendly South
ern filibuster Of nearly two
weeks, a constitutional amend
ment banning the poll tax as
a prerequisite for voting in
Federal elections.
When President Kennedy first
proposed his tax-incentive, tax
revision proposal a year ago as
the first step in a major over
haul of the Nations laws in this
necessary-evil area. he had more
in mind than the achievement of
a more equitable system.
With incentives held out to in
dustry to modernize its plant and
equipment, he hoped that the way
could be prepared for America to
compete more evenly with foreign
economic competition and thereby
slow the flight of our industry to
more profitable locations abroad.
Achieving this, it was ocntendad,
we would save jobs for American
workingmen, reduce the flow of
gold and dollars abroad and help
melt our balance-of-p payments
deficit.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-04-01

The Supreme Court on Mon
day ruled, 6 to 2, that Federal
courts may decide whether the
distribution Of seats in a State
Legislature is fair or uncOnsti-
tuti0nal. Far-reaching effects,
with a gradual shift of strength
to urban-suburban areas, are
seen.
For many years, the balance of
political power in many State
Legislatures has been in the hands
of minority rural populations.
This has been so despite the
fact that since near the end of
the last century the country has
changed it population character
from two-thirds rural to two
thirds urban.
Efforts at reapportionment Gre
districting of legislative areas
largely have been unsuccessful
because the controlling group,
while holding a majority in State
assemblies, are the representa-
tives of the very same minority
population rural constituencies.
Until last Monday, the urban
suburban majorities had no real
recourse to provide them a fair
representation. A rural voters
vote in some instances has been
worth UP to 600 ballots cast for
State legislative officials by citi-
zens of metropolitan areas.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-04-01

favorable congressional action on
the big tax measure.
Last week, although it's final
form was modified and trimmed
down version of the original, the
House passed the Kennedy tax
plan. 1t was substantial legisla-
tive victory for the President.
The battle was bitter. The Re-
publicans voted without a single
detection to send the bill back to
committee with instruction to kill
two major provisions. But they
picked up only 81 Democrats and
lost, 225 to 100. On passage, the
vote was a little closer-219 to
1876.
The provisions the Republicans
sought to kill we're: Cd The one
giving business firms. individual
business men and farmers an
nual total tax credits of $1.2 bill
lion, allowing them to deduct up
to 81 from their annual taxes for
every 500 spent for machinery
and equipment and 90 the pro-
posal to withhold about $500 mil
lion a year in dividends and in
terest-income which (illegally) is
not now reported.
The Republican arguments: The
Democrats were offering business
an unwanted billion dollar-a-year
tax bonanza" and were seeking
to impose unnecessary hardshipS
on honest taxpayers with the
Withholding plan on dividends and
interest earnings.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-04-01
Rural Rule

Rural domination of the LegiS-
latures has hamstrung the State
governments from tackling vigor-
ously and constructively many
problems created by the migra-
tions to the cities and suburbs
such problems as new schools,
transportation and slum clearance.
Therefore, the Federal Govern
ment has had to step in and as
sumo the responsibility.
If. in the coming years, the
urban-suburban groups win more
of voice in the State, then many
of these problems are likely to
be met before they reach the Fed
eral level, it is contended. 1t
could make unnecessary the crea-
ton of the proposed new Federal
Department of Urban Affairs.
Most observers believe that the
Democratic Party, nationally, will
be the long-run gamer. It already
has solid majoritieS in many of the
Nations larger metropolitan areas
where liberal, labor, Negro and
other minority groups tend to
concentrate.
If the metropolitan populations
gain control Of many State Legis-
latures, they will then be in a
stronger position to make their
voices heard on the selection of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-04-01
TIE FOREIGN SCENE THE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
Setback e to Alliance A Better Balanced Democracy

Argentina's military leaders
OuSted Arturo FrOndizi as presi-
dent last week in the wake of
elections in which supporters Of
Juan ID. PerOn won significant
victories.
Not long ago, Teodoro MoScoso,
co-ordinator of the Alliance for
Progress, was talking about de-
mocracy and Latin America.
AT a decisive moment of his
tory, Latin America has brought
forth an impressive number of
highly able and dedicated demo-
cratic leaders," he said.
"I shudder to think where we
would be today if, in place Of men
like Presidents Lleras Camargo
(of Colombia. Frondizi (of Ar
gentina) and Betancourt (of VEN
ezuela), we had Rojas Pinilla,
Peron and Perez Jimenez."
Mr.. LleraS and Mr.. Betancourt
are still at the helm of their
countries, but Mr.. Frondizi, the
third of Mr.. Moscoso's democratic
trio, was toppled in a tragic mill
tary coup.
Tragic" is not a word nor
mally associated with Latin Amer
lean coup d'etats. BY now. after
two centuries of violence, the
world has become accustomed to
the coup as a way of Latin Amer
lean political life. Books have
been written about the Latin
American temperament" the in
ability of Latins to change gov
ernments through elections.
In Argentina. however, tragic"
is the only word to describe the
death of the Frondizi regime-so
popular in North America, so re-
spected in economic circles, so
trusted in the White House.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-04-01
Rich Country

Argentina Is huge-four times
the size of Texas. 1t is rich with
large exports of wheat and cattle.
Its population-compoSed of vari-
Gus European nationalities-is 81
per cent European" and 81 per
cent literate, the highest in Latin
America.
Its President until last week,
Arturo Frondizi, was a pure Ital-
ian, who rose to power in 1858 as
a result of Argentina'S first free
elections in Is years, and who fell
last week because he dared hold
free elections and allowed candi-
dates to run who supported for
mer dictator Juan D. Peron.
The elections Of March Is were
not for the presidency, but for
half of the national assembly and
for provincial governorships. The
Peronist parties won 43 Of the
SO seats in the assembly (Mr.
Frondizi'S party remains in power
since it controlled the other half (,
and won the governorshipS of 10
provinces, including Buenos Aires.
The Peronistas polled only
about 80 per cent Of the elector-
ate, but the moderates were so
split among themselves that the
Peronistas emerged more power
full than Mr.. Frondizi expected.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-04-01
Easy Victory

When the payoff vote came, it
was "no-contest. The amendment
carried. II to 16, with IS votes
more than the necessary two
thirds of those Senators voting.
1t now goes to the House, where
1t must also gain a two-thirds
margin for passage. If that hurdle
is surmounted. the amendment
must still be ratified by three
quarters of the States (38) in
order to become law.
Five Southern and Border State
Senators joined Senator Holland
in voting for the relatively mild
civil rights bill.
Only five States still have a
poll tax for voting Alabama.
Arkansas, Mississippi, Texas and
Virginia. CAS- one wag observed:
Like the polecat. the poll tax has
few friends.D These States were
among the seven lowest-the
others being South Carolina and
Georgian voter participation in
the 1860 presidential election.
The arguments offered by poll
tax advocates conferred on the
proposition that the revenues OBJ
tanned were used to help finance
the public school system. Senator
Hill of Alabama, for example,
said he didn't know Of anyone
who couldn't afford to contribute
$l.50 to the education of Alabama
children in order to vote.
The more ardent civil rights
advocates did not approve the
constitutional amendment, con-
Sidering it a vote against civil
rights" They preferred a simple
statute outlawing the poll tax.
An effort by Senator Javits,
Republican of New York, to push
the statute idea was rejected. He
Continued on Page BIS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-04-01
Two-Porty Idea

Senator Heating of New York,
in floor speech lauding the
courts action, pointed out that
the Republicans, because of their
strength in suburbia. should ben
eft in reapportionment.
G. o. P. National Chairman
William Miller suggested, in eff
feet, that a fair reapportionment
could help promote a two-party
system in the South.
In large Southern metropolitan
areas, like Dallas, Houston, At
lanta and even in Miami, the Re-
publicans are underrepresented-
if represented at all in State
legislatures.
What other long-term effects
are likely or possible? The pre-
dictions ranged over this area:
A strengthening Of big-city po-
litical machines; a swing to the
left and toward socialism in
America; more rapid desegrega-
ton in the South, because the city
folk tend to be more liberal on
this matter than their rural
cousins, and a promotion Of the
trend toward more judicial power,
not necessarily based solely on
legal precepts, but, like the school
Indignation decision, on sociolog-
ical, political and other factors
as well.
For the record, Justices Bren-
nan, who wrote the ruling opin-
ion, Clark, Stewart, Douglas,
Black and Chief Justice Warren
made UP the majority. Justice
Harlan joined Justice Frankfurt
ter in dissenting.
The speed with which the courts
decision might bring concrete
changes remains to be seen. Al
ready there are suits and plans
for suits in a number of States.
The President has urged COVER
nors and the legislatures to take
the lead in correcting inequitable
situations. Several governors have
indicated they will do just this
by calling special sessions to take
up apportionment rather than
waiting for court action.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-04-01
Labor Strength

Basically, the PeronistaS repre-
sent the majority of Argentina's
labor movement. These workers
called the "shirtless ones"-were
Mr.. Peron's main supporters dur
ing his ruthless dictatorship from
1916 to 1855.
Often dispensing with sound fl
nancial principles, Mr.. Peron re-
warded his followers with fire.
quent wage increases, low-cost
housing and powerful political
positions. In addition, he made
the Argentine worker feel for the
first time that he amounted to
something.
Mr.. Peron was overthrow in
1855 by the military who charged
him with leading the nation into
bankruptcy. The military ruled
for three years, and in 1858 held
free elections.
Mr.. Frondizi was elected presi-
dent, largely due to 2 million votes
cast for him by the PeroniStas who
were forbidden to enter their own
candidates,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-04-01
Under Frondizi

The Frondizi regime differed
considerably from Peron's: 1t was
democratic, pro- United States, and
in favor of foreign investment. 1t
followed orthodox fiscal policies.
and to stem initiation, halted wage
increases, public housing, and
other non-productive areas of the
economy. These steps hurt the
average worker and alienated
many unioniSts who Selfishly
longed for Peron's return.
Mr.. Frondizi's austerity program
was showing tangible results in
recent months, and he felt the
population would support his
sound policies in the elections.
Against the advice of the military,
he allowed the Peronistas to enter
candidates.
The Peronsita victories aided
by Communists who attacked the
governments recent anti-Castro
policy angered the military who
feared a civil war. They did not
like the growing influence of the
Communists and the PeroniStas
and felt Mr.. Frondizi was soft
on both.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-04-01
As q Pawn?

More than likely. however, Mr..
Guido will be just a pawn for
the military. The army wants the
Peronista victories revoked, and a
purge of the labor unions.
The military probably will re-
tain Argentina's close ties with
the United States, but last weeks
coup may have harmful effects
throughout Latin America where
the Alliance for Progress is trying
to get started.
The Alliance has pledged itself
to economic and social progress
through democratic means. This
is to answer the Castro-ites who
say democracy does not move
quickly enough.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-04-01
Tradition Break

But the Supreme Court, aware
that no relief has been granted
by the State LegislatureS-and, in
fact, aware that the situation was
becoming, il anything, more lop-
sided, broke with its own long
line of decisions to the contrary,
including one in 1916 in which
Justice Frankfurter, a dissenter
on Monday, sounded this warn
ing for the majority on redis-
tricting cases:
THE court ought not to enter
this political thicket."
Overriding a lower court deci-
sion that Federal courts could not
intervene, the high tribunal Or
dered a special three judge panel
in Tennessee to hear a suit
brought by 10 persons who con-
tend that the value of their votes,
as city jewellers, had been diluted
by unfair representation in the
States General Assembly.
(Although the Tennessee con-
stitution requires a rediStricting
every 10 years on the basis of
the census, none has been made
since 1901
The Supreme Court did not de-
eide any specifics on Monday,
such as what a fair apportion-
ment would or should be in Ten
nessee. 1t simply held that the
Federal courts had the power and
the duty to consider the conSti-
nationality Of such apportion-
ments and, in addition, that some
could be so unfair as to violate
the clause of the Fourteenth
Amendment providing that no
State shall deny to any person
=. the equal protection of the
laws"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-04-01

members of the United States
House of Representatives.
1t is. of course. these Legisla-
lures who decide the boundaries
of States congressional districts.
And the way the boundaries are
drawn often determines which
party'S candidate will win.
A number Of Republican lead
ers feel, however, that the G. o. P.
will benefit no less-and perhaps
more-than the Democrats in the
wave of expected reapportion-
mentS. They recalled that it was
Attorney General William P.
Rogers, In the last Eisenhower
administration, who first brought
the Federal Government into the
Tennessee case on the side Of the
complainantS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-04-01
Buffalo Courier Express

Nevertheless. Justice Whitaker
often voted with the majority in
5-to-4 decisions supporting the
needs Of the Government as
against individual rights when
the two were in conflict. Mr..
White is an ardent advocate of
civil rights who will, some be-
lieVe, lean more toward support
ing the individual and less toward
Government restraints. If this
proves to be so, then the high
court is likely to reverse itself on
several controversial cases in the
near future.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-04-01
The Impact

But the impact Of the deci-
sion, which is expected to be felt
for many, many years, may be
deep and far-ranging.
Already it has created more
speculation and provoked more
horseback opinions from lawyers.
politicians and commentators
than any Supreme Court ruling
since the hool-integration deci-
sion of 1854. The American Mu-
nicipal Association described it as
probably more significant than
anything from the court in
century"
There is not, however, unanim-
ity of opinion Of the likely effects
of the Tennessee case.
Most observers agree that it
will mean a shift of power in
State assemblies from rural to
urban-suburban populations. On
the other hand, some politicians
believe there may be moves with
in various States to Solidify rural
control in the upper chambers or
Senates, with a uniform repreSen-
tation for each county, despite
population differences.
While several Southern Senators,
like Russell and Talmadge of
Georgia and Thurmond of South
Carolina, have denounced the de-
cision as a Gripping blow to
States rights, there are many
who feel that State governments
will become more effective and
that less reliance on the Federal
Government for various programs
which inescapably bring a
measure of control-will be the
result. They reason this way:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-04-01
How Will He Vote?

It is difficult to divide the en-
tire court into liberal" and con-
sentative" wings although Chief
Justice Warren and Justices
Douglas and Black are unques-
tionably liberals" in the gen.
orally accepted use Of the term,
and Justice Frankfurter has
leaned more to the conservative"
side in recent years.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-04-01
Sketch by William Perkins
JUAN D. PERON
Unexpected strength

The Peronista victories posed a
difficult question for the demo-
cratic-minded leaders of Argen-
tina, both in the government and
in the army. What happens if the
population chooses officials who
are against democratic principles?