davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-05-08
Political Try-out in Texas

Tailored somewhat to Texas style.
the New Frontier Jared reasonably well
in the widely publicized Democratic
primaries in the Lone Star State.
Front runner in the feature con-
test for nomination as Governor was
John B. -Connally, a former Secretary
OF Navy IN the Kennedy administration
and longtime close friend and political
associate Of Vice President Johnson.
Finishing an impressive second was a
youthful Houston attorney, Don Var
borough, who identified himself from
the beginning as dedicated New From
tierSman. Running well behind these
two were four others, with last place
going to former Major General Edwin A.
Walker, arch conservative foe Of Wash
ington in general and the Kennedy ad-
ministration in particular. He was also
the darling Of the John Birch Society.
Mr.. Connally and Mr.. Marlborough will
meet in a run-off on June 2.
There was much talk during the
campaign about Mr.. Connally's relative
conservatism and his self-decreed di-
vorce from certain of the New Frontier
principles. As former campaign man
ager for Mr.. Johnson, however, Mr.. Con-
nally adhered to strategy that he had
found to be effective in Texas. If his
liberalism was moderate, so was his con-
ServatiSm, and his winning margin in
dicateS a broad coalition Of Statewide
political figures and forces. In various
centers, for example, he drew substan-
tial labor support-although labor for
mally had indorSed Mr.. Marlborough
and he scored well in other spots where
the Mexican and Negro vote was large.
Mr.. Connally has commented that he
held voting leads in liberal, conservative
and moderate counties, in big cities and
small towns, and had support from
people who in the past "have differed
strongly in their political convictions"
1t is expected that the run-off will
be more clearly conservative vs. liberal
contest. If it is, however, Mr.. Yarbor-
ough'S only chance of winning appears
to rest in the slim possibility that vir-
tually all Of the supporters of Governor
Price Daniel, a middle-of- f-the-roader
who finished third last week, will swing
to the Houston attorney. And while Vice
President Johnson did not intervene
openly in the primary, the Johnson Con-
nally relationship is more likely to pay
off for Mr.. Connally, If help is needed,
than any promise Of New Frontier assist
ance from Washington for Mr.. Yarbor-
ough. The latter, at SO, may still have a
bright political future-even If it does
not show at its brightest on June 2.
Evening star., 1962-05-08

falls on the investor. But even more
OF the cost is paid for by the airline
customer, who pays more than he would
need to pay If airline operations were
more efficient"
There is little, IL any, threat in these
times that any carrier, rail or air, could
attain monopoly status, and it is good
that this is so. But the real national in
tereSt calls for strong transport sys-
TEN, not weak one. Duplication is not
necessarily synonym for healthy COM
petition, it may instead be merely
guarantee Of inefficiency and waste. If
two carriers combined make one better
one, the national needs would be better
served.
Evening star., 1962-05-08
ItoIy's New President

The political outlook in Rome is a
bit uncertain at the moment because
Of the bitter nature Of the balloting in
which Parliament has elected Foreign
Minister Antonio Segni to be President
Of Italy for the next seven years.
Mr. Segni, strongly pro-Western
middle dle-of-the-roader, has received is
more than the required majority Of 428
votes, but the contest between him and
Giuseppe Saragat has been harsh one,
and all parties concerned are nursing
wounded feelings that may be difficult
to asSuage. AS a result, some fears have
been expressed that Christian Demo-
cratic Premier Amintore Fanfani's
"Center-Left" coalition government may
suffer an early crack-up.
Italian politics, however, are so
complex and so often unpredictable
that 1t would be rash to hazard a guess
about what may happen to Mr.. Tanfani's
regime, AS to that, one can only wait
and see. Meanwhile, the free West has
reason to welcome the fact that Mr..
Segni, an old friend Of very high caliber,
has been elected President of Italy at
a time when Italy can make good use
Of his Judgment and experience.
Although the Italian presidency is
ceremonial in large measure, Mr.. Segni
will have certain significant powers and
duties, including that Of selecting pre-
miers to organize new governments
when old ones fall. He is admirably
qualified for the task.
Evening star., 1962-05-08
Mess in MARYLAND

That mess in Washington" which
helped bring down the Democrats in
1882 has its ugly counterpart in Mary
land this year. The promised grand
jury investigation certainly is needed,
and should help separate the lies from
the truth. But this will be of little help
to Maryland Democrats when they vote
in their primary week from today.
It comes as no surprise to learn
that political deals were made in 1858
Every political campaign of any conse-
quence brings its promises of patronage
in return for promises Of support. But
the alleged conversation between Gov
ernor TaweS and Baltimore political
boss. Jack Pollack, which the latter says
he recorded without the Governors
knowledge, is damning on its face and
calls for more convincing explanation
than has yet been offered by the Gov
ernor. The same thing is true of the
note referring to the jointly held safe
deposit box in which $50, 1000 was stashed
away for campaign purposes. Mr.. Pol
lack just laughed when reporters asked
him where this money came from.
Perhaps the grand jury can convince
him that it is not laughing matter.
One thing to be said for Governor
Tawes is that evidently there came a
time when he baked at making further
concessions to what he calls Mr.. Pol
lacks "voraciouS appetite for Jobs" This
is believable in view of the fact that Mr..
Pollack this year switched his support
to George P. Mahoney, who at first
welcomed Mr.. Pollack with open arms
but who Is now busily denying that he
has made any deal with the deal
conscious Baltimore boss. Putting it in
the best possible light, however. one
would think that Mr. Mahoney must be
dectdedly uncomfortable with his new
friend and ally, and must also be won
dering what Mr. Pollack has been doing
with his hidden tape recorder
The third gubernatorial candidate.
David Hume, seems to have had no
truck with Jack Pollack, and this is
something in his favor. Mr.. Pollack
says, however, that Mr.. Hume has
known for long time about the tape
recording and the $4,000 in. the safe
deposit box. If this is correct and If
Mr.. Hume really thinks these items
discredit Mr.. TaweS, he waited long
time before revealing the facts.
There are, perhaps, two political
conclusions to be drawn. One is that
the Maryland Democrats won't have
much Of choice next week. The other
is that this ought to be good year for
the MARYLAND Republicans-if thew ran
put an attractive ticket in the field.
Evening star., 1962-05-08
For Stronger Transport

against background Of increased
interest in merger possibilities within
the Nations transport system, an exam
ner Of the Civil Aeronautics Board
opens hearings Thursday on a major
ana concrete proposition for affiliation
between two of the biggest airlines-
american and Eastern. Management of
each company has urged the merger, as
step toward better and more economic
ar service, and only recently their stock
holders voted overwhelming approval.
Meanwhile, SpokeSmen of two other big
airlines-Pan American and Trans
World-have confirmed reports of ex-
ploratory merger conversations between
themselves and with other smaller lines.
1t has been the history Of merger
proposals IN both the railroad and air.
line industries that they have prompted
strong opposition from competing car
rierS, charges Of er-concentration of
power If not monopoly, and frequent re-
luctance on the part of regulatory agen-
cieS to give their approval In the case
OF the rails, and partly by their own
1ault, the effort to maintain too many
independent, competitive and duplicat-
ing systems has contributed greatly to
the industry'S economic troubles TODAY.
The same could happen in the case
OF the airlines, where duplication in
services and facilities has become wide
spread and costly in the postwar period.
G. r. Smith, president of American, has
spelled out some of the evidence and the
effects Of this pattern. For each of these
duplicating airlineS," he told company
stockholders. there is, somewhere, a
duplication in overhead costs, in inven-
tories, in passenger terminal facilities,
ID airfreight depots, in maintenance
shops, overhaul shops and in various
other facilities. Each of the individual
airIineS has individual peak periods and
there is poor utilization Of men and
eQMipment at off-peak hours. Il. The
weight of the cost Of this duplication
Evening star., 1962-05-08
Active ADA

The Americans for Demo-
cratic Action. an Independent
liberal political organization,
far from being q shabby IL
ger" as alleged by Doris Flee
son, Is vigorously dynamic
and active in local communi-
ties and at the national
level. Our Washington area
chapter currently Is working
with Fides Settlement House
to establish q block organi-
zation in the heart Of the ID
precinct, has recently spon-
sored an immensely success
ful community conference on
integration (well covered by
your paper, incidentally ,
helped formulate important
national testimony on owner
ship Of the Space Satellite
Communication System, and
has sponsored scores Of local
speakers on q wide range of
topics In the past few
months. In addition, we have
testified officially on the Re-
development Land Agency's
proposed contract award to
the hagrantly discriminatory
w c. and A. N. Miller De-
velopment Company and on
the various home rule and
budgetary hearings for the
District. Picketing for equal
employment opportunity IL
lustrates our activities for
civil rights, and we are pres
emily engaged in O study Of
governmental discrimination.
The ADA represents the
consumer interest as no other
group can. We owe allegi-
ance TO no interest or pres
sure group, and arrive at poll
icies democraticaIly. Any
Washington area resident in
terested in receiving addition
al information on our activi-
ties is invited to contact our
office, attend our meetings,
which are well publicized, and
evaluate us for yourself. Un-
substantiated. captious carp
ing Is effectively refuted only
by first-hand observation.
Robert Bender,
Executive Secretary, WASH
ington Chapter, ADA.
Evening star., 1962-05-08
Inside Iron

AS an Iranian I had no
doubt His Majesty the Shah
would seek more military
and foreign aid.
With great propaganda
efforts, the Shah strives to
maintain U. s. support. He is
loved by the people; is the
best bulwark against COM
munism in the Middle East,
etc. MoScow's attack on him
proves" 1t. The more the
Shah is attacked the strong
er his support from the West.
In my opinion, Commu-
nists love the Shah. No one
could do q better job In
keeping people suppressed
and immersed in ignorance
and poverty, thus providing
ideal fertile ground for the
seeds OF communism.
Iran, q virtual police state,
has o strong Army which
consumes over 40TS Of the
State budget plus an untold
amount Of American mill
tary aid. The function Of this
Army. as even its heads ad-
NIT, Is not to fight the Rus
slams. but to cope with the
civilian populace and keep
the Shah on his shaky
throne.
q. 8. policy under the last
administration has been to
maintain the status quo in
Iran. It is q policy that-as
Justice Douglas puts it--has
been communism's greatest
political asset.
Nominally, Iran is q con.
stitutional monarchy with q
king as q figurehead and q
parliament elected by the
people, which in turn elects q
premier. The parliament is
nonresident. The. Shah has
intrusted the legislative pow
er to his puppet Premier.
There is no freedom Of ex-
preston, press, or assembly.
How can America count on
Iran as an ally when she
supports only the leader and
forgets the people-the real
strength Of q nationg
DR.. Iraj Dehghan.
Evening star., 1962-05-08

The irresponsible and bra
zen action Of the Montgom-
cry County Council In In
creasing the real estate tax
by 81 cents is o record not
only for Montgomery but for
other counties In neighbor-
ing States. Such action, with
out appropriate Justification,
is clear evidence Of disregard
by the Council for the inter-
ests Of home owners which
calls for prompt action by
taxpayers at the coming
primary elections.
With all the millions Of
taxpayers money going into
schools. swimming pools,
gymnasiums, auditoriums and
libraries, one would expect
a much better end product.
At least. some improvement
in the generally deteriorating
moral approach to life. So,
what have we in this blue
chip" system Of education?
Examples Of rowdyisln, van
dalism and general ''hooli-
ganism" are just as rampant
in the county as anywhere
else-despite efforts to keep
the publicity to o minimum.
How long are we going to
permit this abuse of good
management? Increasing
taxes to cover record ap-
preparations for spendthrift
and wasteful objectives Is no
evidence Of good manage
ment. SO. let's get acquainted
with the names Of the coun-
cilmen running for re-elec-
tiun and vote against them.
Montgomery Co. Taxpayer.
Evening star., 1962-05-08
For Home Rule

The Federal City Is q pecul-
iarity in q nation known for
its excellence in business
management. If there Is a
similarity between good busi-
ness and good government,
it must be in the ability to
recognize when the outmoded
is no longer applicable.
Yet. the horse-and-buggy
conception Of the Federal City
as . Federal responsibility is
a situation that no sound
business would tolerate.
Can you imagine q business
Of national scope where its
officers and directors are also
"minding" the local store?
Are there too many repre-
sentatives In Congress? Isn't
there enough national busi-
ness worthy Of their time? Is
Congress continuing as the
D. C. City Council because
the considerations are more
important? Than what?
In every session Of Con-
gress,' there is q big rush.
rush at the end-with certain
bills never reaching q vote.
Would business solve this
type problem by putting q
non-voting member on the
Board Of Directors?
Isn't it ironic that there
are so State capitals and
capitals in all the free coun-
tries-where people are citi-
zens and run their own local
affairs. Why Is D. c. differ
ent?
Would 1t be fair to say that
those who espouse keeping
government out of business
are the very ones who insist
on running what should be
our business?
Our Board Of Trade which
certainly is high on business
principles negateS home rule
on the grounds that the par
ent organization (Congress)
can rig" the inter-company
account Of the subsidiary
ID. Co. OF course, we need
q fair formula for the Federal
contribution. We also need a
little positive leadership.
Milton A. Mandel
Evening star., 1962-05-08
Tourist Museum

Has anyone suggested an
outdoor museum near Chan
tilly in the form Of an in
ternational village that
would have small dwellings
representative of different
countries?
Probably the most inter-
eSting museum which I have
visited Is Skansen, the out
door museum in Stockholm,
which has a number Of early
Swedish rustic homes fur
nished as If they were oc-
cupied.
Even the teahouse which
was assembled on the
grounds Of the Japanese EN-
bassy has aroused consider
able interest, and several
years ago people stood in
line. In New York (and re-
moved their shoes to enter
q replica Of a japanese home
adjacent to the Museum Of
Modern Art. Later it was
transported to Philadelphia,
where, apparently, it is to be
permanently located.
Swiss chalets are often
shown on travel posters, but
how enjoyable it would be to
actually see the inside Of one.
And what about an adobe
Mexican house2 The list Of
interesting possibilities is
long.
There is q tendency for a
country to want to show its
modern side to tourists, be-
'teving that anything quaint
Indicative of @ backward
Gu re. Most Americans 60
to o. " countries to see at
least sollle QuaintneSs.
An international village
would be q spur to tourism
(if an incentive Is needed to
induce foreign countries to
set up permanent exhibits.
The Washington area seems
like an ideal location, for one
reason because so many
school children come here ev-
cry year. Chantilly is sug-
gested because there should
be more museums near air
ports. where there are thou
sands Of potential visitors
waiting for planes.
Sally Hunter.
Evening star., 1962-05-08

the shots are called, he can
no more be charged with be-
ing Gnti-Kennedy than can
the Vice President-and Mr..
Johnson has gone all out In
his support of the President
and his programs.
RunOff Questions
However, the coming run
off primary is now being
played up as q conservative
liberal race, with Mr.. Con-
nally labeled the conservative
and Mr.. Marlborough the
liberal. The question arises
where win the votes cast
for Gov. Daniel and Mr..
Wilson go, and also those
which were given to Mr..
ForHnby and Gen. Walker,
the ultra-conservative? The
liberals are hoping that
enough win be cast for Mr..
Marlborough, but they doubt
1t. The Connally people. on
the other hand, are quite
confident the former Secre-
tary Of the Navy will win.
Some Of the liberals are
saying it might have been
better for their cause had
Gov. Daniel been in the run
off instead Of Mr.. Var
borough. In that case the
liberal strength could have
been swung to the Governor
in order to defeat Mr.. Con-
nally. But now the liberals
may face q combination Of
all the conservatives who
voted for Gov. Daniel, Mr..
Wilson and the rest Of the
candidates.
So far, except in the case
Of Senator Marlborough (no
relation Of Don Yarborough),
the liberals have been able
to defeat ultra-conservative
candidates by throwing their
strength to less conservative
candidates. Senator Yar-
borough, q leader Of the
liberal wing Of the party, was
elected to the Senate in q
special election in 1857 to
fill o vacancy created by the
resignation Of Price Daniel.
He was reelected In 1858.
The liberals sat on their
hands last year when VIII
liam A. Blakley. most con-
servative Democrat, ran for
the johnson seat in the Sen
ate (the Vice President had
resigned) against Senator
John Tower, Republican. or
voted for Senator Tower.
Mr.. Connally's election as
Governor-now freely pre-
dicted-will be an aid to
Mr.. johnson for renomina-
ton In 1864, and presumably
in a drive for q presidential
nomination in 1868, If Mr..
Johnson becomes q candidates
then. Former Vice President ,
John N. Garner, also Of Texas.
elected with Franklin D.
Roosevelt In 1892, was Mr..
Roosevelt's running mate
again in 1895. Henry A. WAL
lace was Mr.. RooSevelt's
third term running mate.
President Kennedy, however,
cannot run for q third term
because Of the two-term
amendment to the Constitu-
ton. So in 1868 the question
will be, If President Kennedy
wins a second term In 1854,
will the Kennedys support
Mr.. johnson for q presiden-
tial nomination, or 60 for
Attorney General Robert r.
Kennedy or some other?
Evening star., 1962-05-08
For Popular Vote

There was some talk about
abolishing our electoral coll
lege system. Has anything
been accomplished as yet?
Perhaps If the vote Of every
American really counted
there would be q greater
turnout st the polls, and the
losers would be more recon
ciled and cooperative. +. p.
Evening star., 1962-05-08
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used u
letters carry tDriters' correct
names and addresses. All let
ters are subject to condensa-
ttoH. Those not used Diu be
returned only tDhen accom-
panied by self addressed,
stamped eRpeIopes.
Evening star., 1962-05-08

Studies Of drugs that give
protection against radiation
when administered before ex-
posure were continued. One
substance has been found
that is reasonably protective
and less toxic than some Of
the earlier drugs. In another
study it was found that GER
tain sex hormones admins
tered before irradiation pro-
longed the lives Of mice.
One engine In the muscles
Of insects apparently Is large
ly responsible for their abil-
fly. or inclination. to fly.
without it, even when they
have wings. they seldom take
to the air.
This has been reported to
the American Association for
Advancement Of Science by
Drs. @. B. Kittol and Michael
II. Briggs Of the University
Of Wellington, New Zealand.
This substance has the
jaw-cracking name Of alpha
glycerol phosphate dehydro-
genase. It Is found only in
very small amounts In the
muscles Of vertebrates, where
its place is taken by Q some-
what related compound.
Flight Engine
The more Of the dehydro-
genase in the muscles Of an
insect species the more it
flies, the New Zealand ex-
perimenters found. Their ex-
periments were with four
quite diverse insect species
the bumblebee, the praying
mantis, the katydid and q
native wingless species, the
tree weta.
The first has by far the
greatest amounts Of the en-
zymes It spends most of its
life flying. The praying man
tbs has wings. It flies now and
then. apparently reluctantly.
The katydid also has wings
but very seldom uses them. It
depends on walking as prac-
tically its sole means Of To-
comotion, despite the advan-
tage in getting food that
flight would sometimes give
It. The weta Is unable to fly
at all.
Both mantis and katydid,
analysis Of the
showed, have pro-
yressively smaller amounts Of
'he engine and it essentially
irops out In the wingIess
species.
An enzyme Of the same
general family is found in
he muscles Of vertehrates
,ut apparently does not IN
my way induce flight.
Evening star., 1962-05-08
Churches in Business

After reading Churches
Going Into Business" by
Jules Lob, I agree that
churches engaged in business
for profit should pay taxes
to prevent them from OBJ
tanning an unfair advantage
over business competitors,
But let US not forget that
whenever church members or
church related businesses
and organizations pay their
full quota Of taxes. they au-
tomatically gain substantial
ground for insisting upon any
or all subsidies made avail
able to other citizens and to
similar private or public busi-
nesses. For example, now
that the Christian Brothers
are required to pay Federal
taxes, it will be almost inn
possible to deny them Federal
aid to their schools. Il is not
adequate to claim that only
public facilities are entitled to
subsidies so long as we boast
about freedom Of religion, in
dividual freedom, and private
enterprise without suppress
sive methods Of taxation and
disbursement.
The citizens who prefer
tax-subsidized public schools,
colleges, hospitals, doctors,
school bus transportation,
free hot lunches, etc., are no
more entitled to take advan-
tage Of the citizens who pre-
fer church-related or private
facilities than are churches
entitled to take advantage Of
business competitors by
avoiding business taxes. Any
time the power to tax is not
used discreetly. 1t is time to
become concerned about reli-
gious freedom and separation
Of church and state.
In general welfare pro-
grams. aid to church-related
institutions should be avoid
ed. Instead. such aid should
be channeled through the in
dividual as in Social Security
or the CT Educational Bill.
OF course the best way to
avoid controversy Is to stay
out Of church affairs COM
pletely by making full use Of.
the time-tested method Of
individual tax exemptions,
the subsidies granted
to other citizens in nom
church aid programs. COM
plete honesty is the best way
to preserve separation OF
church and state.
A. LANCER.
Evening star., 1962-05-08
Unit Rule

Maryland now is the only
remaining State with the
unit rule controlling primary
elections. II the popular vote
on May is goes to one can
didate and the unit vote
elects another. we must have
an injunction nullifying this
discrimination against us,
the urban voters. The men
who run in November must
truly represent the choice Of
the majority Of our respec-
tive parties.
David n. Bruce.