davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-06-10
SPIRES OF THE SPIRIT
A June Jungle
BY DIR. FREDERICK BROWN HARRIS
Chaplain Of the United States Senate

Once again in the process
sion Of the seasons it is June!
Most Of this annual deluge of
loveliness still waits to bathe
our souls. The priceless boon
of this gardened month is
offered to those who heed its
knock at the door. June may
be had" as James R. Lowell
put it when through open win
dows and unbarred doors he
gazed with wonder at her
verdant bowers and reveled
in her balmy zephyrs. His
New England estimate was
not exaggerated, then if
ever come perfect days.
days Of foliage and fragrance
when all nature is an invita-
ton to annex the paradise of
the out-of doors!
Summer with the glad re-
lease it brings from ruts and
routine is a wealthy time for
flinging wide the portals
through which the radiance
of the unseen comes stream
ing. June with its perfect
days reminds us that there
are always unseen hands that
knock at closed portals. Rob-
ert Louis Stevenson ex-
presses the dread lest beauty
in any of its forms should
beat upon the heart in vain.
But that external rapping is
as far as any beauty ever can
go. All that a gorgeous sun
set can do is to rap at the
door Of a man who only
knows the sky is red.
The call of, June's perfect
days is to sense in natures
leafy cathedral something
besides the trees-a glory
akin to the flash of the ul-
innate in Kilmer's line
"Only God can make a
tree!" The God who made us
put US in the kind of a world
where in the hours when we
are most alive there comes
sweeping past the sentinels
Of our guarded heart an in
vasion of the eternal. June
days remind us of Words
worth's words. They are
Like the sigh of a pink sea
shell,
Though inland far Ue be;
Our souls haze sight of
That immortal sea!
No wonder June is the
preferred month for brides
and grooms to join their lives
for better or for worse as
at holy affairs, amid the
orange blossoms, they VOW to
share together all that the
beckoning years may bring
till death do them part!
Then, this month of the
perfect days, also is the COM
mencement time for schools
and colleges. From shady
academic campuses a journey
begins in June as new bat
talionS in cap and gown go
onward to keep a date with
destiny.
But as we think of June
as a time of weddings
and commencements, and of
visions, sitting gratefully and
safely in a June garden Of
ease, it is ours to remember
JuneS that have been jungles
of strife and hatred. But 18
years ago, D-Day on Nor
mandy's Omaha Beach was a
day in June. One of the most
striking and poignant war
photographs on the eve of
that fateful June journey
shows Gen. Eisenhower sur
rounded by paratroopers with
blackened features and cam
ouflaged helmets. The faces
of these brave young men,
some of them to lie dead in
Normandy within a few
hours, are an agonizing study
Evening star., 1962-06-10
LETTERS TO THE STAR

to his conscience. However,
the case involves an atheist
that would force an absurd
minority opinion on the ma
jority-and to think that
three men sitting in our
courts actually agreed with
her!
AnUala ZonUar
Evening star., 1962-06-10

Pen names may be used If
letters carry Uriters' correct
names and addresses. All let
terS are subject to condenSa-
ton. Those not used tDiH be
returned only tDhen accom-
panied by self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1962-06-10

our pious talk about self
determination, we must be
mentally i'll to say the least.
Less concern about the
welfare of the various Com
munist dictators and more
for the well being Of the
American people, would, I
suspect. pay far greater divi-
dends; or have dividends,
like victory, become forbid
den fruit?
Charles w. Carter
Evening star., 1962-06-10
ALREADY Dead

Angelo J. Zanger
Evening star., 1962-09-16
BY WILLIAM r.. FRYE
Contributing Writer

UNITED NATIONS. N. Y
Fidel Castro of Cuba now has
really graduated to the stature
of a big-time nuisance.
The core of the Cuba problem
is not that Moscow and Wash
ington are exchanging verbal
thunderboltS over Castro's head.
or that Premier Khrushchev has
whacked a Washington hornets
nest. 1t is that effective action
against the Cuban dictator would
bring United States power directly
into physical conflict with Soviet
power.
MIR. Khrushchev says this would
be the case in the event Of an
invasion. This is purely hypo-
thetical. What is more relevant
is that it would be the case in
the event of blockade.
A blockade on shipments of So
Wet arms and military manpower
to Cuba would not be a simple
matter of Presidential proclama-
ton. Still less would total ban
on all shipping, military and COM
mercial, be a mere piece of pa
per.
The United States would have
to encircle Cuba with gunboats
and if Soviet or Soviet-owned
Evening star., 1962-09-16
Berlin:
Time Out

The Soviet Union on Tuesday
suggested waiting until after
American elections In November
before resuming talks on Berlin.
Soviet command yielded on Fri
day to Allied demands to halt
use Of armOred cars in Western
sector of city.
BY all odds, Berlin is the most
dangerous issue dividing the East
and West. In that former Ger
man capital, armed forces Of both
the Soviet Union and the Allies
face each other.
The attempts Of the Russians
to force the West out Of Berlin
have been the principal cause of
the tensions that could touch off
a nuclear exchange, although the
Kremlin's so-called "salami" tao
tics, slicing off Allied rights little
by little, appeared calculated to
win the fruits Of war without hav-
ing to fight one.
Since Premier Krushchev in No.
vember, 1858, threatened to sign
a separate peace treaty with East
Germany if the Allies did not vol
unfairly give up their occupation
status in West Berlin, there have
been several occasions when a
final showdown appeared immin-
ent.
Evening star., 1962-09-16

invaded. The key statement read:
"One cannot now attack Cuba
and expect that the aggressor will
be free from punishment for this
attack. If this attack is made.
this will be the beginning of the
unleashing Of war"
In this connection. American
diplomatic sources pointed out
that the USSR has not, and ap-
parently has no present inten-
tion, of granting Castro's request
that Cuba be admitted to the
Warsaw. Pact organization. the
Russian equivalent Of NATO. AS
a member. Cuba would be far
more assured Of Soviet military
help.
Evening star., 1962-09-16
Lee Defeated

In Utah, Senator Benefits re-
nomination on the Republican
ticket eliminated a nationally fa-
NOUS extreme rightist, Salt Lake
City Mayor j. Bracken Lee, once
governor of the State. The Demo-
cratic nominee is Representative
David King, a New Frontier sup
porter.
In Arizona the line of differ
ence was finer. A Conservative
won the Republican nomination
for the United States Senate in
State Senator Evan Mecham's
victory. But he defeated an even
more conservative candidate,
Stephen Shadegg, a close associ-
ate of Senator Barry Goldwater.
The nominee, however, faces a
fight. His opponent is the formid-
Z able incumbent, Senator Hayden,
dean of the Senate.
Off-setting these trends were re-
suits in two other States which
were somewhat different.
In Wisconsin Former Republi-
can State Chairman Phillip
Kuehn, a staunch conservative
was nominated to seek the Gov
ernorship against John A. Reyn-
olds, Democrat.
Evening star., 1962-09-16
REPORT FROM THE U. N.
Question Of q Blockade Of Cuba.

vessel sought to run the blockade,
the gunboat skipper would have
to have orders to shoot.
Direct Challenge
It is, of course. possible that
faced with a direct challenge
the Soviet Union would back
down and not attempt to run the
blockade. But it is also possible
that Mr.. Khrushchev would call
what he thought was a bluff. He
as much as said so last week.
Before taking the initial step,
therefore, President Kennedy
would have to be willing to risk
atomic war.
The critical question would be:
Is Cuba worth such a risk?
Mr.. Kennedy's initial reaction,
on September 4. to Russia's pub
lie admission that it had inter-
vened in Cuba was to set forth
a policy of containment.
This is quite a different mat
ter from a blockade. To contain
Castro, to prevent him from ex-
porting his revolution elsewhere
in Latin America, is not at all
the same thing as cutting off the
flow of nourishment to Castro at
home.
The difference is essentially the
difference between a. defensive
Evening star., 1962-09-16

President obviously has categor-
lied MIG Jet fighters and fight
er-bombers as defensive" al
though they have the range to
reach Miami and Cape Canavefal
with ease.
Would a force of 200 MICS.
the number a Cuban Air Force
officer who last week detected to
the United States claims have
reached the island, still be con-
sidered defensive?
These are questions to which
there are now no clear answers.
Mr.. Kennedy. following the word
ing Of q Joint resolution expected
to clear Congress this week, SIM
ply listed for the Russians to note
those areas which must not be
threatened.
"If at any time the Communist
buildup in Cuba were to endan-
ger or interfere with our security
in any way, including our base
at Guantanamo, our passage to
the Panama Canal, our missile
and space activities in Cape Ca
naveral or the lives Of American
citizens in this country, or If
Cuba should ever attempt to ex-
port its aggressive purposes by
force or the threat of force
against any nation in this hemi-
sphere or become an offensive
military base of significant Ca
pacity for the Soviet Union, then
this country will do whatever
must be done to protect its own
security and that of its allies"
he declared.
CAS- though the President did
not already have enough head
aches over Cuba-with the Rus
slams and as a threat in the ap-
preaching domestic political cam
paign - a disturbing note was
sounded in Nicaragua. President
Somoza Debayle declared on
Thursday that the nations of the
Caribbean might be forced to
turn to the Soviet Union unless
they received United States aid
equal to what Russia is giving
Cuba" HeIsaid that Cuban-based
Soviet rockets endanger the Ca
ribbean countries.)
Evening star., 1962-09-16

this the first time in many years
that the States Democrats have
been unable to nominate a can
didate on the first ballot at the
convention. Mr.. Morgenthau's
heavy regular party backing,
however. has given him a good
chance Of victory.
The Republicans, meeting to-
morrow in Buffalo, will renom-
mate Gov. Rockefeller, the ex-
pected winner in November.
In Massachusetts,, primaries on
Tuesday will decide the single
most absorbing election of the en-
tire series: Edward M. Kennedy
VS.. Edward j. Mccormack for the
Democratic Senatorial nomina-
ton.
The campaign was in its final
phase last week, one of the hard
est intra-party fights in recent
years and the wreckage was all
over the place in Massachusetts,.
If Mr.. Kennedy-the Presidents
youngest brother = should lose,
the ramifications would be wide
and if he should win, the con-
troversy would simply be enter
ing new phase.
AS for the Republicans in
Massachusetts,, George Cabot
Lodge was predicted as the win
ner over veteran Representative
Laurence Curtis. The main issue
is experience and, if it weren't
pitted against a Democratic cam
paign of the same kind in MaSsa-
chusetts, this race would have
been a rather lively one itself.
Evening star., 1962-09-16
More Uneosiness

Mr.. Kennedy's statement came
as uneasiness over the Cuban
situation, aggravated by the So
Wet threat of Tuesday, appeared
to be growing in the country and
as Congress moved swiftly to boil
ster the Presidents hand.
On Thursday, the Senate un-
animously voted Mr.. Kennedy's
request for authority to call up
10000 ready reservists and pre-
pared the way for passage of the
resolution to back any necessary
action in the Cuban situation.
The House is expected to pass the
reserve Gallup bill and the reso-
luton as soon as they reach the
floor this week.
The Russian threat Of possible
nuclear rocket war should the
United States attack Cuba was
regarded in Washington as large
ly propaganda-the setting up OF
a straw man which could be
knocked down without risk.
Observers here also believed
that the Kremlin, knowing that
we are not planning any Cuban
invasion, sought to gain prestige
in some parts of the world by
promoting the idea that its roc
ket-rattling had made the United
States think twice.
They used the same pioy at the
time Of the Suez crisis in 1855.
After Washington denounced the
British French = Israeli attack
on Egypt, the Kremlin warned
that it might fire rockets against
the attackers homelands unless
the invasion were halted.
Evening star., 1962-09-16
Conservatives Win

In Colorado, Conservative John
A. Love and Representative Peter
H. Dominick, both conservatives,
were nominated as Republican
candidates for Governor and the
Senate. The lines will be clear here
in November since both are
against Democratic liberals, Gov.
Stephen McNichols and Senator
John A. Carroll.
Two major nomination fights
are still to come:
. In New York the Democrats
meet in Syracuse tomorrow for a
State convention. Robert M. Nor
genthau, former District Attor-
J rey. Endorsed by Mayor Wagner
and former Senator Lehman, is
the leading candidate for the
Governors race. Convention votes
pledged to other candidates be-
fore Mr.. Morgenthau's entry into
the race it came late) may make
Evening star., 1962-09-16

policy and an offensive one-oH
perhaps more precisely, between
a passive and an active defense.
Contoinment Policy
Mr.. Kennedy's containment
policy proved politically vulner-
able. FruStration and anger on
Capitol Hill built up pressure on
Mr.. Kennedy to go over to a more
active policy. He reacted by re-
questing standby authority to
call up 10000 reservists.
Mr.. Khrushchev then countered
with a statement that If Cuba
was challenged, he would go to
the limit to sustain his satellite.
There was in this Soviet state
ment the element of bluster which
was given so much attention. But
there also was a note of anxiety
and occasionally almost of plain
tiveness.
Carefully read, Mr.. Khrushchev
seemed at times to be virtually
pleading with Mr.. Kennedy not
to force a showdown-nott to put
Russia in the position of having
to fight for Castro.
Mr.. Khrushchev even offered
Mr.. Kennedy a minor concession
on Berlin. He found a pretext-
the American elections-to defer
Continued on Page1C-9
Evening star., 1962-09-16
The Shipments

Whether the Kennedy state
ment will have a cautionary ef-
feet on the Soviet may be de-
termined by future shipments it
makes to Cuba, shipments which,
according to the President. will be
the subject of closer Unite d
States surveillance.
Should the Russians ship Of
fensive weapons, such as inter-
mediate range missiles. then Mr..
Kennedy would clearly be obligat-
ed-by his own pledge-to take
strong counter-measures.
But what if they continue to
ship only the kinds of weapons
they have already sent? The
Evening star., 1962-09-16

East and West Berlin. But de-
spite much talk by the USSR, in
which old charges and threats
were repeated, the Soviet has taken
no precipitouS action.
There was, nevertheless, a GER
tain amount of irony in the news
last week concerning the Berlin
problem.
In its long statement on Tues
day, most of which related to
Cuba, the Soviet Union suggested
it would be willing that negotia-
tions on Berlin wait until after
the November elections in the
United States.
This was judged as meaning the
Soviet would take no unilateral
action-such as signing a peace
treaty with East Germany-at
least until after the vote on No
vember 6.
Evening star., 1962-09-16
Politics Denied

If the Kremlin were suggesting
that q different Congress might
have different views on dealing
with the Berlin problem, Presi-
dent Kennedy set the record
straight. He told his news confer
ence on Thursday that "our posi-
ton on Berlin would not be
affected by whatever the results
may be" in the elections.
Then, on Friday, in another
development which would indicate
that the Russians are now trying
to let the Berlin tensions subside
a bit, Soviet troops yielded to
Allied demands that they no
longer travel to their war me-
mortal in the British sector in
armored cars. They resumed the
use of buses, which they had
abandoned after angry West Ber-
liners had stoned them a couple
times last month.
Just as had the Soviet acquies-
cence in an American declaraClon
that Russian troops could no
longer go through the American
checkpoint in West Berlin on their
trip to the memorial, but must
enter through the gate Of the
British sector, the Soviet return
to buses was hailed as a morale
booster by the West Berliners and
Allied officers were highly pleased.
The irony comes, however. with
the fact that when the Russians
are apparently entering one OF
their cooler Berlin periods, Presi-
dent Kennedy's request for au-
thority to call up 100000 ready
reservists is being proceSSed
through Congress.
While Cuba is presently on the
Evening star., 1962-09-16

The Soviet Union on Tues
day warned that a United
States attack on Cuba could
lead to an all-Out nuclear war.
President Kennedy, urging
Americans to be calm, said on
Thursday that Cuba now rep
resents no threat to our seeuri-
ty or that of the hemisphere.
He pledged appropriate action
If and when necessary.
In their lightning conquest Of
vast stretches of the Pacific
ocean area in the early days Of
World War II, the Japanese
seized scores of islands and atolls.
When the United States began
to recover from the Pearl Harbor
disaster and build up its striking
power, the grand strategy as car
ried out by the Macarthur and
Nimitz forces called for selective
assaults, with many of the Japa-
nese bastions to be by-passed and
lett 10 ole on the vine.
Last week, President Kennedy,
in effect, called upon the Ameri-
can people to support a some
what similar strategy for Cuba.
In the face of Soviet Castro prov
ocations, he asked that we keep
both our nerve and our head, sug-
gesting that Communist Cuba al
ready is beginning Ito die on the
vine." He told his news confer
ence on Thursday:
''It is Mr.. Castro and his sup
porters who are in trouble. !. :.
BY his own monumental econom-
ic mismanagement, supplemented
by our refusal to trade with him,
his economy has crumbled. i.
along with his pledges for po-
litical freedom his industries are
stagnating, his harvests are de-
clining, his own followers are be-
ginning to see that their revolu-
tion has been betrayed"
Evening star., 1962-09-16
Toward November

The primaries and nominating
conventions afforded the excite
ment of actual ballot counting
but the real fireworks were still
in reserve for the November 6
election.
A hint came from two expert
enced campaigners: Dwight D.
Eisenhower and Richard M. Nixon.
Gen. Eisenhower hit the cam
paign trail in earnest in Indiana
in behalf of House Minority Lead
er Halleck's campaign for re-
election. In unusually pungent
words for him, the former Presi-
dent said: "Arrayed against rep
resentative and responsible lead
ers, bitter in their ceaseless on
slaughtS against them are those
who treat government as a para
disc for theories, the country for
a play pen for the exercise Of
their abstract fantasies. the
people as a captive horde to be
manipulated :"
Mr.. Nixon opening the hard
est phase of his campaign against
Gov. Brown in California-went
back to an old and favorite sub
ject: Anti-communism. He used
the subject successfully in his
first race for the House from
California in 1916 and again in
1850 when he defeated Helen
Gahagan Douglas for the Senate.
He charged this time that the
Democrats have a dismal record
of fighting communism in Cali
fornia and pledged that If he is
elected he will give personal di-
rection to a militant drive against
Subversives.
The campaign was warming up
all right. A new-and even warm
er elements to be introduced
before long with the appearance
of a new man on the stump:
John F. Kennedy. The President
said at his press conference on
Thursday that he will be giving
support to any candidate who is
interested in his support. Many
will be.
Evening star., 1962-09-16
The Market:
British Lag

The Prime Ministers Of the
Commonwealth opened q To-
day meeting in London on
Monday to discuss the question
of Great Britain's membership
in the Common Market.
Prime Minister Macmillan Of
Great Britain has long since de-
termined that he would take his
country into the fabulously sue
cessful European Economic Com
munity or, as it is better known.
the Common Market.
While such Market countries as
France, West Germany and Italy
have bounded ahead with un-
precedented prosperity, Britairi's
economy has not kept pace. Brit
ish Government leaders have de-
termined that the economic-and
perhaps the political-future Of
their country rest on membership
in the continental union.
Britain has been negotiating
for entry into the Market and
while it has met a temporary re-
buff it is confident it can work
out terms acceptable to ALTO
itself, its Commonwealth partners
and the six Market countries
Belgium, the Netherlands and
Luxembourg. in addition to those
mentioned above.
But there has been great sus-
picion on the part Of many COM
monwealth countries that they
will suffer once Britain must end
the trade preferences these ma
tions now enjoy with her. And
this she must eventually do, as q
member of the Market.
Evening star., 1962-09-16
Cooling OFF

The President. in his prepared
news conference statement,
sought to do two things:
/. To cool off hotheads in both
political parties who are demand
ing actions ranging from a naval
blockade of Cuba to an outright
invasion because of increased So
Wet shipments of modern arms
and technicians to the Caribbean
island. <s ~, ,.
2. To warn the Soviet Union
that the United States, despite
crude threats, win act to protect
its own security and that Of the
Western Hemisphere II the Cuban
arms buildup becomes q genuine
threat. cat the same time, how
ever, he assured the Kremlin that
he agrees with 1t that the Rus
sian arms and men now in Cuba
are defensive" and declared d
again that this country has no
intention Of attacking the is
land.)
How well the President sue
ceeded in his twin purposes re-
mains to be seen.
It is unlikely, however, that he
has convinced American action
lists that the Castro regime. de-
spite its economic troubles, has
been weakened in the last 10
months. AS q matter of fact, it
would not be difficult to make a
good case that the bearded die
tator, or at least the Communist
regime, is stronger militarily and
politically today, because Of the
huge Soviet aid and commitment,
than it was at the time of the
fiasco at the Bay Of Pigs, when
Cuban rebels were smashed on the
beaches of their homeland.
Evening star., 1962-09-16
Motter of Fighting

While the Soviet declaration of
Tuesday was bellicose in nature.
it did repeat several times that
the intention of the Soviet Union
was only to promote peace. 1t in
sisted that "the armaments and
military equipment sent to Cuba
are designed exclusively for de-
fensive purposes" And even while
it ratified its rockets it did not
make a specific pledge that it
would go to war If Cuba were