davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-08-29
Who's Excited?

At one point in his lengthy report
on wells and septic tanks, Montgomery
Health Director William ]. Peoples says
10000 existing wells in the county is
not required from the standpoint of
safeguarding "the health and safety of
one human being in the county"
This seems to us a pretty broad
statement, to say the least, in view of
the rest of the report. For almost in the
same breath, the health officer said:
() That some degree of contamination
was found in more than third of all
the wells tested by the county in the
last fiscal year, (2) that State require
mentS to test the potability of new-well
water, which the county largely has
ignored in the past, must" and will be
complied with in the future, and (3)
that a number of other reforms are
needed Immediately presumably for
the public safety in connection with
the installation and approval of wells
and septic systems.
If relatively few of the 10000 exist
ing wells have been tested, how can DR..
Peoples be so certain about the degree
Of health hazards which may or may
not be present? In his discussion with
the Montgomery County Council, the
health director contended that drink
ing water containing small amounts
of coliform organisms (found in the
wastes of animals or humanS) is not
necessarily injurious to health Accord
ing to the United States Public Health
Service, however, the detection Of any
contamination in wells which are To-
Gated near septic systems is sufficient
cause to discontinue the use Of the
wells for drinking water until the nature
of the pollution is definitely determined
or eliminated And asked about the
same point, Robert M. Brown, director
of the Maryland State Health Depart
ment's Bureau of Environmental Hy-
giene, had this to say: IF any contain
ination is demonstrated in the sample
Tof water1 and there is any evidence
that surface pollution is getting into
the well, corrective steps should be
taken and in the meantime the water
should be boiled or chlorinated. The
possibility of harm is not from coliform
organisms themselves, but from the pos
Sibility that they indicate presence of
other harmful organisms from sewage"
Obviously the situation in Mont
gomery is no occasion for hysteria. But
surely the statements of Federal and
State officials, coupled with the various
disclosures of the last several days, war
rant a more urgent concern over the
whole problem than has been expressed
by DR.. Peoples or, thus far, by members
of the County Council. The comment
Of Councilwoman Stella Werner that
1--WE all make mistakes" for example,
must have hollow ring to those fam
lilies whose drinking water is foamy with
detergent or befouled by other contain
ination.
Evening star., 1962-08-29

have been made at NSA, long overdue
in an agency dealing with our most
sensitive military security matters.
Now before an employe is hired, he must
pass physical, mental, psychological
and lie detector tests. Then comes a
probationary period of non-claSSified
work, while the candidates background
is thoroughly checked. After that, there
still is close scrutiny under a newly
created inspector general. Security at
NSA has taken on a new meaning.
Evening star., 1962-08-29

Most of the discussion Of
the school prayer decision
has been concerned with the
Courts opinion that the New
York arrangement involved
an establishment of relig-
ion," such as is forbidden in
the First Amendment. But
whether the First Amend
ment should actually apply
to this case is a question on
which, so far as I have seen,
there has been little COM
ment, except in the letters Of
Professor Collier and Mr..
Alexander in recent issues of
The Star.
The First Amendment spe-
officially applies to Acts of
Congress. Consequently, it is
to be assumed that it could
not apply to State measures.
This assumption is confirmed
by the decision in the famous
case of Barron .. Baltimore
1888, many time reaffirmed
by the Court, and never, I
believe. overruled. On the
basis of these facts, therefore,
it might appear that in the
prayer case the court, in
stead of interpreting the
Constitution was actually
amending it. But before so
harsh a Judgment is accepted,
the background of the case
should be examined.
In 1927 the Court began
to reverse a number Of State
measures on the ground that
they abridged one or more of
the personal liberties" of
speech, of the press, Of as
semblage, and of religion. AS
warrant for these decisions
the Court invoked the "due
process" clause of the Four
teenth Amendment whic h
provides that no State shall
deprive any person of life,
liberty, or property without
due process Of law"
These actions seem logical,
and in accord with the
Courts policy Of affording
increased protection for ba-
sic human rights. But a new
situation arose when, in 1910,
Justice Roberts, in the ma
jority opinion in the case Of
CdntDeH .. Connecticut, as
serted that the Fourteenth
Amendment embraces the
liberties guaranteed by the
First Amendment" and thus
has rendered the legislatures
of the States as incompetent
as Congress to enact laws
respecting an establishment
of religion. :"
Thus, in effect, there was
added to the list Of "liber-
Evening star., 1962-08-29
World Federation

Upon returning from my
vacation, I read with interest
Jenkin Lloyd Jones column
of July % entitled "One
World: A Sad Prospect" Mr..
Jones puts his finger on the
crux Of the problem of a
world parliament when he
asks "how shall this parlia-
ment be apportioned?" This
was the burning question
(only in a slightly different
guise) which for weeks con-
fronted our founding fathers
in Philadelphia in the hot
summer Of 1887. The most
populous of the 13 colonies,
New York, claimed the right
to the largest representation
in the new Congress, while
Rhode Island held that she
was entitled to equal repre-
sentation with New York.
The founding fathers finally
adopted a compromise. The
House of Representatives was
constituted according to pop
ulation, while all States were
to receive equal representa-
ton in the Senate. This, and
other problems of represen-
tation, financing. courts, po-
Icing, ETC., are considered in
a mastery fashion by Gren-
vile Clark and Louis Sohn
in their splendid book World
Peace through World Law"
Harvard University Press,
Cambridge, Mass.)
AS Mr.. Jones points out,
mankind Is threatened with
the possibility of world war
followed by world law i'm
posed by the victors upon the
vanquiShed. But instead man
can create a democratic
world federation, which can
not interfere with any ma
tion's peaceful pursuits. but
which is capable of main
tanning world peace through
world law. Although, as Mr..
Jones points out, the chances
of reaching this goal are
slim, yet I agree with his
visitor from New England; it
is worth working for.
John H. Arnett, MD.
Philadelphia.
Evening star., 1962-08-29
Soviet Spnce Eents

Once again the Unite d
States salutes Russian cos
monauts for alleged orbital
flights. and once again it is
reported by the press that
Americans were wondering if
their country was on the
short side of a space gap.
In his column, THE World
Today" James Marrow sums
up the latest claim of the
Soviets-two men in orbit at
once-by saying that there is
some benefit from running
second, If you run long
enough: You get used to be-
ing disappointed. and Amer
leans are getting used to be-
ing beaten by the Russians
in space.
Apparently Mr.. Marlow as
sumes that all Americans are
gullible.
What evidence has been
presented to prove beyond a
reasonable doubt that any of
the Soviet space flights we're
actually accomplished?
Surely the VIP's in our Gov
ernment cannot be so naive
as to swallow the SovietS'
latest propaganda stunt
without question, unless there
is more to it than meets the
eye. Could it be that the
administration is anxious for
the public to believe that
Russia has an outstanding
lead in space so that little,
If any, objection would be
made to the enormous spend
ing planned for military pur-
poses. or to fill the alleged
space gap?
No publicity should be CIV
en-, under any circumstances,
by the press or the admins
tration to the alleged Soviet
orbital flights, so long as
such flights are conducted in
secrecy. The propaganda eff
feet would then fail miSer-
ably, probably forcing the
Russians to open up for all
to see. as was done by our
Government.
Walter L. Joyce.
Evening star., 1962-08-29


controversies which gave rise
to religious persecution. Is
there any real doubt that
people in many countries,
such as England, which have
established churches, now en-
joy quite as full religious
liberty as do we in the United
States?
1t has been suggested by
Professor Pritchett that If an
establishment Of religion
were allowed in a State, the
church or churches so IA
vored might adopt measures
for preferential treatment.
But If such measures were to
abridge the liberty Of people
Of other religions, the Su-
preme Court would have un-
questioned power to act and
undoubtedly would do so.
What might aid in provid-
ing an explanation of the
Justices attitude is suggest
ed by the position of the
minority of the Court in the
case Of Adamson v. California
in 1947. In this case, which
had no direct connection
with the questions Of relig-
ious liberty and establish
ment of religion. Justice
Black, with the concurrence
of Justices Douglas, Murphy,
and Rutledge, expressed the
belief that the entire Bill Of
Rights should be regarded as
having been applied to the
States by the Fourteenth
Amendment. The chief argu-
ment for this position was
that 1t was in accordance
with the intention of "the
trainers and hackers" Of the
Fourteenth Amendment in
1868. The question was fully
debated. In the majority
opinion, 1t was held that the
language of the Fourteenth
Amendment should be in
terpreted "in a sense most
obvious to- the common un-
derstanding at the time Of its
adoption" and the conten-
ton of Justice Black was re-
jected. However, this was a
5-4 decision, and it might
well be that not only JUS
tices Black and Douglas, who
were among the minority in
this case, but also other JUS
tices now share their opinion,
which is now the view Of the
majority of the present Court.
Francis r. FlOurnOy,
Formerly Professor Of His
tory and Political Sci
ence in the College Of
Emporia, Emporia, Kan
sas.
Evening star., 1962-08-29
A BOOK FOR TO-DAY
Up-to-Dote Picture of Korea
By DONALD MINTZ

erata for effective aid are
neither unique nor startling.
But such simple dicta as,
THE goal Of the American
aid program should be to en-
able Korea to become self
supporting" and This
should be a long-range pro-
gram, the success Of which
depends on increased exports.
industrial production, power,
management, and capital re-
sources" need constant repe-
tition.
FOR SOME 200 PAGES it
appears that Mr.. Chung Is
a great partisan Of Gen.
Parks military government,
so much so in fact, that the
reader begins to suspect that
the book is at least inspired.
But then Mr.. Chung has some
sharp things to say. They
come down to a charge that
while the new government
has made considerable prog
reSs in cleaning up the re,
markable mess it inherited,
it has not yet begun the vig-
orous rebuilding of the coun-
try. Severe auSterity is essen
tial. Things will get worse
before they get better" says
Mr.. Chung. "and South Ko-
rea should prepare itself now
for the worst"
South Korea is the agricul-
tural part of the country. The
preponderance Of industry
was and is located in the
north, which, of course, is
under Communist rule. Mr..
Chung does not feel that the
division Of the country is q
matter which can be long
ignored. ut is time" he
writes, "the leaders in the
North and South seriously
consider whether the fringe
benefits they derive from re-
naming in the cold war are
worth the undermining Of
Korea'S foundation - or
whether they should obey the
dictates of patriotism and
reconcile themselves to bring
ing about national harmony.
Neither the North nor
the South can prosper as a
nation without the other"
Apparently Mr.. Chung be-
lieves that reunification is
possible without a general
United StateS-Soviet detente.
New Korea" is an excel
lent source Of up-to-date in
formation about a country OF
the utmost Importance. It's
style is that of the worst sort
of cliche-ridden report and
there are pages that are
nearly unreadable. But the
subject is such that many
will want to battle their way
through nevertheless.
Evening star., 1962-08-29
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDriters' correct
names and addresses. All let
ters are subject to condensd-
ton. Those not used tDiH be
returned only tDhen accom-
panied by self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1962-08-29
NEW KOREA, New Land Of

NEW KOREA, New Land OF
the Morning Calm. By
Kyung Cho Chung. 274 pp.,
illus, map. MACMILLAN Co.;
So
Maintenance Of the status
quo Is not news as it is COM
monty defined, and so cur
rently quiescent Korea has
slipped out Of the papers and
into the backs Of readers
minds. But the Republic Of
Korea Is still strategically
important and 1t remains an
American charge.
Kyung Cho Chung's New
Korea" is a sequel to an
earlier book, Korea Tomor-
row." Mr.. Chung's present
purpose is to help us ito
understand the political, eco
nomic, and social dilemmas
that in our time have con-
fronted the newly independ-
ent countries of Asia" He
thinks that "a key to the
riddle lies in sound knowledge
and comprehension of the
problem of the New Land Of
the Morning Calm"
Mr.. Chung, who teaches at
the Army Language School at
Monterey, California, tells us
that "at least Is per cent Of
the (Korean labor force is
out of work" That means
that in absolute numbers.
2,818,000 persons are totally
unemployed" This statistic
alone is enough to give one
some idea Of the misery that
still stalks the country.
YET THE % MILLION
people Of South Korea have
received more than So bill
lion worth Of economic aid
since the Second World
War"
Part of the reason for the
apparent ineffectiveness Of
all this money is of course
the phenomenal corruption
of the governments Of Syng-
man Rhee and John M.
Chang. The overthrow of
Rhee in April, 1860, and Of
his successor, Chang, in May,
1861, are among Mr.. Chung's
main topics.
The organization Of the
various regimes, the political
give and take, and the jock
eying that led to their down.
falls are all treated in con-
siderable and interesting de-
tail.
But corruption is not the
only factor that has reduced
the effectiveness of American
aid. The United States has
not always demonstrated vast
wisdom in the ALLEGATION of
funds and the planning Of
projects. Mr.. Chung's desid-
Evening star., 1962-08-29
Teachers Pay

If there is such a teacher
wage spiral in the Washing
ton area, isn't this the very
thing that organized labor
has been doing for years?
And with the apparent ap-
proval Of the electorate as
judged by some recent elec-
ton results? Unless the gen.
eral public is willing to rec
ognize teaching as a profess
sion and pay its members a
professional salary, then they
have no cause to complain
when teachers do what any
other Semi-Skilled workers do.
Or are teachers supposed to
have neither the financial re-
wards of a profession nor the
right to apply pressure for
better wages that organized
labor has?
If teachers are, indeed,
members of a profession, then
professional compensation is
due them-something they've
never had. As DR.. Hansen in
dicated, salary should be high
enough for a male married
teacher to comfortably sup
port a family without having
to go out after school or at
night and work in a store,
pump gas. or sell encyclope-
dias. Do doctors, lawyers, ac-
countants. pharmacists do
this in order to make ends
meet?
Teachers would be very
glad to forgo any salary in
creaseS at all if the salaries
Of labor and the costs Of
goods could be cut to what
they were ten years ago.
Eorrnar n n roooho-
Evening star., 1962-08-29
PARIS.

EAEk40.
For all that they still man
age to write remarkably SIM
liar letters to Nikita Khru-
shchev, the divisions among
the allies on the Berlin ques-
ton are reaching very Seri-
GUS proportions.
Though it is clear enough
to everyone that the recent
riots in West Berlin have
added a new dimension to
the danger, reactions have
been very different in the
Anglo-American and the
Franco-German camps.
On one side the local
crisis has renewed demands
for negotiation and talk Of
a summit meeting between
President Kennedy and Pre-
mier Khrushchev. On the
other, it has solidified the
hard front" line of the
Paris-Bonn axis-a common
policy of rigid inflexibiiity
that Is certain to be re-
emphasized during President
de GauNe's forthcoming visit
with Chancellor Adenauer.
It also has revived long
smoldering criticisms be-
tween the two camps. The
Anglo Americans make no
secret of their evaporation
with the lack Of realism" Of
their stiff ff-necked European
allies. The French and Ger
mans-with whom the theme
of American "disengage-
ment" in Europe and else
where has now become some
thing of a popular folk
myth-have the graveSt mis-
givings about the prospect
Of Mr.. Kennedy and Mr..
KhruShchev sitting down to
settle the Berlin problem be-
tween themselves.
1t is an atmosphere in
which it is not easy to judge
realism-or lack Of it-on
either side.
It has never been convinc-
ingly specified. for instance,
Just how an explosive situa-
ton can be "defused" by an
American-Russian agreement
without compromising essen
tial allied rights in the city,
It has never been convincing
ly explained. either, how a
stand-pat policy in Berlin
justifies the risks involved
and what the ultimate objec-
tives Of such a policy are.
Red Failure Key Point
One reason for the diff
Guilty, perhaps. is that the
arguments over Berlin within
the Western camp tend to
ignore the central all-impor-
tant fact of the problem-not
only Of Berlin, itself, but OF
Germany as q whole.
This central fact is quite
simply the bankruptcy Of the
East German Communist
regime Of Walter Ulbricht
The utter failure Of this re-
gime in the political and eco
nomic field. its terrible de-
pendence on Russian power
and the desperate hatred
which it inspires among It's
subjectS-this is the central
reality which the Communist
camp must somehow deal
with.
Berlin, itself. and the wall
dividing the city are simply
Evening star., 1962-08-29
WATCHING THE WORLD
By CROSBY S. MOVES
Argument for Standing Pat in Berlin
Foreign Correspondent Of The Stor

factors Of this central prob
lem. 1t has not been solved
by building the wall. 1t will
not be solved by the signing
Of any peace treaty. 1t would
in all probability, not be
solved by anything the West
ern allies might decide to do.
Khrushchev Can Solve It
The problem of the East
German regime can, in fact,
be solved in only one way
and that is by Mr.. Khru-
shchev, himself. 1t has hap
pened before under his lead
ership that conspicuous fail
ure has led to sudden and
swift changes in the makeup
and character Of Communist
puppet governments, even in
Russia, itself.
There is no good reason to
suppose that Mr.. Khru-
shchev is committed to main
tanning the detested Mr.. Ul-
BRIGHT in power forever. Or
that by any yardstick the
record Of achievement Of the
East German regime to date
is satisfying to the Russian
leader.
Indeed. Mr.. Khrushchev
can only be painfully aware
that East Germany under its
present regime is a wasting
asset to the Communist camp
and the most dangerously
unstable of all the satellite
group.
And while Berlin, before
the wall was built, may have
seemed to represent the focal
point of all the regimes trou-
bles. it must now be much
clearer to Mr.. Khrushchev
that the real problem lies
elsewhere.
The replacement Of the u
BRIGHT regime by a more
moderate group Of Commu-
nistS could quite literally
transform the whole outlook
in Berlin and Germany with
in a matter of weeks.
An end to savage repres-
sion and liberalization" of
political and economic poll
cies along the lines adopted.
for example, in Poland, might
not put an end to all resist
ance to communism in East
Germany. 1t would, however,
in the opinion Of experts in
Berlin, very greatly relieve
the pressures and tensions
that are a real source Of dan
ger in the city.
And it might ultimately
open the way for a new ap-
proach to the larger problem
of Germany as a whole.
This is. if you will, a hope
full and perhaps even wishful
view of the possible evolution
of the situation.
1t is also, perhaps, an argu-
ment for standing pat so far
as Berlin is concerned while
Mr.. Khrushchev finds his
own way out Of an extremely
serious problem which con
fronts him.
It Is, however, q possible
ity Western leaders in their
arguments over the "reali-
ties" Of the Berlin problem
have been inclined to over
look. And an outcome which
1t would seem very much in
the Western interests to pro-
mote.
Evening star., 1962-08-29
An Established Church Not Necessarily Bo

Former d. C. Teacher
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-18
Mrs. Rockefeller
In Philadelphia

PHILADELPHIA, Mar. II
(AP).-The former Mrs. Mel
son Rockefeller, her 31-year-
marriage to New York's Gov
ernor ended in divorce, spent
today in seclusion at the home
of her brother, Percy H. Clark
Mrs. Rockefeller, the former
Mary Todhunter Clark, OBJ
tanned the divorce yesterday
in Reno and flew here last
night. She has declined to
speak with newsmen.
Her brother, who lives in Vii
lanova, a Philadelphia suburb,
said, She's just trying to for
get it ALL"
He said he does not expect
her to remain here long.
"She does not plan to stay
any length of time here" Mr..
Clark said, adding, "she has an
apartment in New York and
that's probably where she is 60
ing"
Mrs. Rockefeller, "a, has an
other brother. John Clark, in
Villanova.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-18
Red Cross Unit
Gives Blood to
D. c., 3 States

The Red Cross Regional
Blood Center last week distrib-
uted 1872 pints of blood in
the District and surrounding
communities.
A breakdown shows that CIT
pints were distributed in Wash
ington, 366 in Maryland, 425
in Virginia and II in West
Virginia. Twenty-seven pints
were distributed outside these
states.
Area donors may give blood
at the center, 2025 E street
NV, from l pm. TO 8:45 pm.
Monday and from 9 am. to
4:30 pm. Tuesday through
Friday.
A schedule of bloodmobile
visits during the week follows:
Tomorrow.staffoTd :, High School
a;45 Pm; Bethesda Christian Church,
OUOU Wisconsin ave-, 5 pm. TO $50
pm: District Heights Firehouse,
200 Marlboro pike, District Heights,
Tuesday-Bolling Air Base service
club. Bldg. 414, Foot Of Portland
street Sc, 9 am. to 2:l5 pm;
Springfield Methodist Church, Keene
Mill road and Spring street, Spring:
field, Va, 10 am. to 3:45 pm: Epis-
copal Parish House, 1874 Boscawen
street Winchester, Va. 10 am. to
Wednesday-Pentagon. Room ga
$50, $3.50 am. to 3:15 pm; St. Mary's
Episcopal Church. Aspen Hill road
Wheaton. Md 10 am. to 2:45 pm;
Main Navy, Constitution avenue at
18th street NV, Room 2541, $50
am; to 2:45 pm.
Thursday-Fort Belvoir, Building
Isl. Fairfax, Va. 3 pm. to 5:45 p m.
Trinity Episcopal Church, Manassas,
Va. Parish House, Church and Battle
Streets. pm. to 7:45 pm: Wash
ington Post and Times Herald. 1878 L
street NV, Second Floor, 2 pm. to
7:45 pm.
Friday-Andrews Air Force Base.
AFSC Theater Building, Camp SPRINGS,
Md, 9 am. to 2:15 pm: QMCS DAILY
Hall. Quantico, Va, am. to 2:45
pm. Vint Hill Farms Station, Serv-
ice Club, Warrenton, Va. $50 am
to 2:45 pm.