davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-08
College Aid


bill raises hope that one segment of the
massive $5.7 billion aid-to-education
bundle proposed by the President will
be enacted by Congress this year. The
provision in this preferred status-simi-
lar to one which the House also has
approved-would make up to SIS billion
available in long-term, low-interest
loans over the next five years to i'm
prove the physical plants and facilities
OF colleges and universities.
This is worthy program, one which
should contribute substantially to the
additional construction, estimated by
Mr.. Kennedy to be in the neighborhood
of $22 billion, that will be required to
accommodate increased college enroll
ments during the 1960s. An essential
decision must yet be reached in confer
ence, however, as to whether the SIS
billion in aid will be entirely in loans,
as provided by the Senate, or in the
loan-grant form approved by the House.
We are glad that the Senate bill
also proposes Federal scholarships to
needy high school students, for this
program, rejected by the House, deserves
further consideration.
1t seems clear that a scholarship
program in some form would be desir-
able to supplement the student-loan
program on which the Federal Govern
ment already is embarked But there is
serious doubt whether such a program
should be of the dimensions proposed in
the Senate bill-212,5 500 scholarships of
up to ST 900 year. A recent article in
the Saturday Evening Post, written by
w. Bradford Craig, the financial-aid
officer of Princeton University, entitled,
"You Can Afford College," certainly
raises questions on this point. Through
loans, scholarships, part-time work and
other Student-aid programs, Mr.. Craig
said, there are substantial avenues of
assistance already open to high school
graduates in financial straits who have
the desire to attend college-more ave-
nues, we feel sure, than are generally
recognized. In any event, this is a sub
Ject which warrants close attention by
the HouSe-Senate conferees when the
scholarship proposal comes before them.
AS for the remainder of the presi-
Dental message on education, Mr. Ken
needy once again has proposed Federal
expenditures covering the entire spec
trum of education-most of which are
controversial and several of which in
our opinion are dubious areas for Fed
eral Intervention. For the most part,
moreover, these are proposals which
hardly need be considered at this time,
since there is little chance they will be
voted on during the current session.
This is especially so of the proposals to
which the President assessed top prior
ity-the explosive issue of Federal as
Sistance for classroom construction and
teacher salaries in elementary and Sec
ondary schools. -
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-08

complex composition we can
only distinguish separate
groups of substances which
may have a stronger influ-
ence on the taste than others,
but undoubtedly the taste
sensations experienced by the
smoker are produced by har-
monious blending of effects,
but we are now able to point
out a number of substances
in the composition of tobac-
CO which exert a positive or
negative influence on the
tSste properties.
Carbohydrates, volatile
oils and tars have a posi-
tive influence on tobacco
quality. Proteins, poetic sub
stances and organic acids
have a negative influence. In
creaSing the carbohydrate
content within the limits nee
eSsary for the preservation of
balance with the other con-
stituents always results in a
better taste quantity. A de-
crease in the protein con-
tent always indicates better
taste quantity but if tobacco
were completely lacking in
proteinS its smoking value
would be extremely low, it
would not produce full taste
sensations. would lose
strength, and would lack that
degree of bitterness which,
within certain limits, has a
positive rather than negative
effect on the general taste"
Good Tobacco Burns Well
Obviously advertising agen-
cieS can make a lot of this
hitherto unexpected carbohy-
drate-protein balance in the
various brands. Non-scien-
tific "tasters" can be replaced
by chemical laboratories. BY
adding various aromatic sub
stances DR.. Shmuk succeed
ed in considerably improving
taste.
Good and bad qualities of
tobacco, the report stresses,
are quite dependent on the
smoking capacity of a par
ticular mixture. This CONF
bustibility itself in some de-
gree changes the taste. When
combustion takes place, the
positive as well as the mega
tive properties of a brand be-
come manifest. Tobaccos with
superior taste qualities always
are good burners. Smoke it.
self, DR.. Shmuk says, can be
evaluated on the basis of its
alkalinity as opposed to its
acidity.l
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-08
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Chemical Complexities of Tobacco
By THOMAS r. HENRY

1t might be we'll for an
advertising agency with Gig
arctic company contracts to
put some of its bright young
men on the exhaustive job
of reading an 800-page Rus
sian treatise, entitled Chem
iStry of Tobacco"
They will find that there
is hardly anything more
chemically complex than an
ordinary cigarette and are
sure to get ideas, which can
be exploited by television and
radio, about unique virtues
which can be attributed to
their own particular brands.
For this undoubtedly is the
most exhaustive study of to-
bacco chemistry, and of
about everything else con-
corning the weed" ever I'M
dertaken. 1t is by the late DR..
A. A. Shmuk, one of the So
Wet Unions most eminent
chemists. He pursued the
work over a quarter century.
Formula for Taste
A translation made in Is
rael has been issued by our
Department of Commerce I'M
der the sponsorship of the
National Science Foundation
and the Department of Agri-
culture. Most significantly
for the advertising boys, DR..
Shmuk derives a formula for
evaluating the taste of to-
bacco which is expressed by
the so-called "Shmuk's Num-
ber," in honor of the author.
Presumably one shortly may
find this number branded on
every pack.
1t seems that the taste of
smoke is determined quite
precisely by the relative pro-
portions of "alkaloids, car
bohydrates, phenols. organic
acids, inositol, phytin, poly
phenols and alcohols" in any
given sample - which gives
some idea of the chemical
complexity of tobacco-and
slight differences in any of
these constituents may make
profound differences to the
smoker. "Shmuk's Number"
represents basically the ratio
of carbohydrates and pro-
teins.
1T has now been estab-
liShed," says DR.. Shmuk,
that almost all the groups
in the composition of tobacco
are reflected in one way or
another in the taste SEN
Sations of the smoker. In this
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-08

Reports are beginning TO
appear in newspapers and
magazines of preparations
for a second invasion of
Cuba leg, World magazine,
January 8, 1882. AS Or
binary citizens we have Ito
way of knowing whether
these reports are true or not,
But in the event that there
is substance to them 1t is es-
sential to realize that there
are only three possible
results of an invasion.
First, with our mild sup
port Il think it is fair to as
sumo that an invasion could
not even be contemplated
without at least American
acquiescence) the invasion
will again fail. Inevitably
there will be mixups, leaks.
and a final defeat, devastat-
ing both in terms Of lives
lost and in our position Wis
avis the rest of Latin
America. Second, if the
United States adva nc e S
stronger. support, modern
weapons, air and sea cover,
and the like, the invasion
may we'll succeed. But it will
succeed only in overcoming
the organized resistance of
the Cuban militia and will
hardly subdue the apparent
ly large numbers of Cubans
who still support Fidel
Castro. A government with
which we can exchange am
= bassadors may we'll be set up.
But 1t will be without respect
or popular support and a
situation not unlike that in
Wet Manor worse yet, like
that which faces the hapless
French in Algeria = will
develop. Third, if the United
States goes all out and uses
American troops for the in
vaSion. a decisive victory
though at high cost-can no
doubt be won.
Obviously no one is urg-
ing the first course as a
matter Of policy. Moreover.
the third course entails such
an about-face for citizens of
a peace-loving and just ma
ton that is not probable;
the comparison of our fears
with Khrushchev's claims of
fascism in Hungary is too
painful and would greatly
limit our influence on other
issues. Rather the second
course is the most likely to
be urged. Yet the results of
that policy are far more hor-
rible and frightening than
either Of the others. After a
few years vino in this hemis-
phere regardless of how
they originally felt about the
invasion) would not despise
and condemn US?
David B. Brooks
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-08
Alloy, Planners!

1t would seem that there
exists a unique opportunity
in the evacuation of most of
the Naval Air Station on the
AnacoStia River.
The well-constructed con-
crete Seaplane ramp, largely
unused for many years, would
be perfect as an area re-
served for the launching of
small trailer-borne boats. The
racing sailors of the area
that now are served by the
wholly inadequate manual
hoist at the sailing marina
on Daingerfield Island near
Alexandria would find this a
perfect location as they race
off Hams Point, and waste
hours putting their boats in
and out of the water.
In addition to this ramp,
if one or more of the ada
cent plane hangers are to be
left unused by the Navy, they
would make perfect cover for
a large number of boats,
both motor and sail. The
sail boats, with their masts
left stepped in place. could
be rolled under cover and
left ready to sail in minutes
off this smooth concrete
beach.
1t is to be hoped, that the
directors of this planning for
renewal will not miss this
chance to use these already
made facilities to aid and
enrich the life of the area.
To build something like this
from scratch would, of course
be out of the question. But,
it is here right now, and I'M
used for years. Let us make
the most of what we have.
C~Nsu III N n c
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-08

candidates for the Senate
Blair Lee III, son of Brooke
Lee and grandson of the late
Senator Blair Lee, and Rep
resentative B. Brewster OF
the I'd District, the former
aligned with the Mahoney
faction and the latter with
that of Gov. Tawes. There
is a third candidate-Elbert
M. Byrd, a professor at the
University of Maryland.
The party's candidates for
Governor include, Of course.
Gov. Tawes, seeking another
four-year term, and that
stormy petrol of Democratic
politics who has knocked
again and again at the door
but only to divide the Demo-
cratic Party, George P. Ma
honey of Baltimore. Mary
lands last two Democratic
Senators were the late Mil
lard Tydings, defeated by
Senator Butler in 1850, and
one-time GOV. Herbert
O'Conor, who lost to Sen
ator Beall in 1852. Both
Senators Butler and Beall
have been reelected.
Two Announced for Senate
So far, only two Republic
cans have announced their
candidacy for the Senate
nomination, and none for the
gubernatorial nomination.
James P. Gleason of Silver
Spring, a former assistant of
former Senator Knowland of
California and of former Vice
President Nixon of Califor-
mia, and a former employe of
the Space Agency, and Harry
Simms, a Montgomery Coun-
ty businessman, also of Sill
yer Spring, are the senatorial
candidates. Neither is wide
ly known through the State.
There are other possible
and potential candidates. For
example. former Gov. Theo-
dore Roosevelt McKeldin,
who so far has withheld any
solid statement about his po-
litical plans. Some of the
Republicans want him to run
for the Senate. Another po-
tential candidate for either
of the top offices is Repub-
lican State Chairman Eldred
Rinehardt of Smithburg. In
deed, there has been COM
ment that Mr.. McKeldin and
Mr.. Rinehardt would make
a strong Republican ticket.
And still another possible
candidate is David Scull, for
mer Republican chairman of
Montgomery County. Should
Mr.. Scull be nominated for
Senator. he could find him
self running against his
brother-in-la law, Blair Lee III,
for Mrs. Scull is a sister of
the Democratic Mr.. Lee.
Some of the Republicans
have suggested that Senat0 r
Beall head the ticket with
the nomination for Cover
nor, but the Senator Is not
buying any of that idea. He
is expected to be a candidate
for a third term in the Sen
ate in the 1864 elections
and he is in a strong posi-
ton to win.
With the filing deadline
for candidates March S, and
the primary date for nomi-
mating candidates May is, it
behooves the Maryland Re-
publicans to get down to bus
mess and stop playing mu-
steal chairs around the tick
et." as Mr.. Scull recently
wrote the State Central Com
mittee.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-08
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used ii
letters carry 1DriterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
tiers are subject to condenSa-
ton. Those not used ,Dill be
returned only tDhen accom-
panied By self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-08
THE POLITICAL MILL
G. 0. P.'s Opportunity in MARYLAND

1t is a decade since Mary
land has had a Democratic
Senator in Washington. If
the Republicans, by sheer de-
fault. fail to grasp oppor-
tunity by the hair, the
period will soon be over.
With the time for filing
growing shorter and shorter,
the G.. o. P. in Maryland has
not united on a candidate
for Senator to run next
November for the seat now
occupied by Senator John
Marshall Butler. Senator
Butler, after serving two
full SiX-year terms. has all
nounced he will not seek
reelection. Nor have the Re-
publicans come to a decision
on a candidate for Governor.
The word is that Republican
Party leaders will make an
attempt to pick a ticket be-
fore this week is out. Some
of them have appealed to
the party's strong man in
Maryland, Senator J. Glenn
Beall, to make the selections.
Senator Beall has declined,
declaring that it is not his
proper function, but that of
the party.
There are two reasons why
the Republicans should have
opportunity for victory in
Maryland this year. First,
the Democratic factions are
badly split over candidates.
Second, the State is rocked
by scandals over saving and
loan associations, in which
thousands of depositors ap-
pear to have lost their
shirts. These scandals, hav-
ing occurred during a
Democratic administra t i n
of the States affairs, and
with a Democratic legislature
in full control, has raised a
terrific issue. Indeed, it is
an issue which is being used
by the George P. Mahoney
Democratic faction to belabor
the Gov. J. Willard TaWes
faction of the party.
Opportunity for G. o. p.
It is an issue which SEEM
ingly plays right into the
hands of the Maryland
G. o. P. For it was Senator
Beall who in 1858 warned
again and again, speaking in
the Senate and out of it, that
a serious situation had been
created for the people of
Maryland by the lack of
proper laws to supervise and
control the business of the
savings and loan associa-
tions-and to provide for
proper insurance of the
funds of depoSitors in these
savings and loan aSsocia-
tions. The political strength
of the many savings and
loan associations apparently
was too great. One argu-
ment advanced in their
support was that they
operated on a narrow margin
though southland that an
increase in controls and the
book work this would neceS-
state would cause havoc in
the industry. Evidently the
margin was narrow, and in
some cases, shockingly so.
Fundamentally, Maryland
is a Democratic State, with
many more members of the
Democratic Party than Re.
publican. Just as in another
so-called border" State
Kentucky-it has taken q
split in the Democratic Party
or a major issue to give the
Republicans a victory at the
polls. Both exist today. The
Democrats have two major
Evening star., 1962-07-07
BY MARY McGRORY
Star Staff Writer

What the Mcclellan Subcom-
mittee has needed all along is
someone who could translate
the intricacies of the Estes af-
fair into terms of men, money
and land.
They finally found the per-
feet interpreter in a round lit
tie Texas real estate dealer who
in the first vivid, colloquial
English heard at the hearings
told the story of two Agricul-
ture Department employees who
took money for helping Billie
Sol build his cotton empire in
the Southwest.
P. E. Biggerstaff, who was
once an agent of Billie Sol, was
no awed provincial, i'll at ease
amid the bright lights and
marble columns of the Caucus
Room. He lolled comfortably in
the witness chair, once admon-
ished Chairman Mcclellan not
to put words in his mouth,
and off-handedly referred to
the Senators as you fellas."
The Senators did not COM
plain. Mr.. Biggerstaff's testi-
mony was the most dramatic
they have heard. 1t was the
first first-hand account of the
blighting hand that Billie Sol
had laid on men who smelled
his money.
Mr.. Biggerstaff told a tale of
transparent guile and greed,
Evening star., 1962-07-07
NO OAK FOR THE OK
SmokeIess Barbecue
Decreed for London

years ago. so only smokeless
fuel may be burned within it's
confines. The City of London
is the oldest part of Greater
London. Many of London's
banks and financial institu-
tions, including the stock ex-
change. are located within its
boundaries. .
The festival of the City of
London had advertised that
one highlight would be the
barbecuing of an OK in an open
space beside ST. Paul'S Cathe-
dral.
We'll go ahead with the OK
roasting" said Mr.. Lowenthal,
but we're going to be forced
into a compromise"
Asked how this would be
done, the representative of the
guild of turning spit roasterS
said a little sadly:
We're going to do it over
coke"
Evening star., 1962-07-07

LONDON, July 7 (AP) City
of London officials have dis
covered they can't barbecue an
OK over a wood fire because
their own law forbids it.
WED much prefer to roast
the OK over an oak fire." ex-
planned Louis Lowenthal, "but
we've just learned we'd be
breaking a law-our own law.
Mr.. Lowenthal is a member
of the city's Guild of Turning
Spit Roasters, the organiza-
ton assigned to roast the OK
The ox-roasting problem arose
out of plans for the coming
festival of London. due to be-
gin Monday. Said the Lord
Mayor of the City of London
Sir Frederick Hoare:
I'm sympathetic, of course
but helpless. A lord mayor
can't start breaking one Of his
own law" I"
The City of London declared
itself a Smokeless zone eight
Evening star., 1962-07-07
Young Robbery Suspect
Wounded by Policemen

A fleeing 17-year-old youth,
suspected of participating in a
street robbery, was shot and
critically wounded early today
when he allegedly ignored a
policeman's shouted command
to halt.
Ronald j. Montgomery, the
teen-ager, of the 1900 block OF
L street Sc, was admitted to
District General Hospital with
a gunshot wound in his back
shortly before am.
Police officials said Mont
gomery and four other youths
scattered in the darkness at
First and K streets Sc. when
Fifth Precinct Police PvtS
Charles A. Burley and Jack
Haynes arrived at the inter-
section to investigate a street
attack and 50 robbery.
Pvt. Burley, 33, fired one
round at the running youth
after ordering him to halt sew.
eral times.
Pvt. Haynes, "a, said he shot
twice at another of the attack
suspects. He said the fleeing
suspect may have been nickec
by a bullet he fired at New
Jersey avenue and K street Sc
All four, however, escaped.
Samuel Geiger, 80, of 523(
Illinois avenue NV, was the
victim of the robbery the two
Fifth Precinct officers were
called to investigate.
Mr.. Geiger, who works at the
Evening star., 1962-07-07
MEN, MONEY, LAND
Billie So|'s BIighting Hand

homa, in January. 1861, when
there was a knock on his door.
His callers were Louis Du-
mas and Arthur Stone, two
middle-aged men (Mr. Dumas
was county chairman for Nc
Intosh County, Mr.. Stone per-
formance supervisory, who did
not identify themselves as Of
ficials of the Department of Ag-
riculture, but merely as men
who had cotton allotments to
sell.
Mr.. Biggerstaff info d
them that he was not buying
cotton allotmentS, but selling
Texas land to Oklahoma farm
ers. Billie Sol had land, but
no cotton allotments, and
Oklahomans had the allot-
ments but no land. It was a
simple m a tier for him tc
lease" the land back from the
buyers.
The pair returned a few
weeks later and Mr.. Dumas of.
fered to help" Mr.. Bigger.
staff in his work. Mr.. Bigger.
staff, no country boy, asked
them if they wished to be paiC
or to make a deal.
Mr.. Dumas, he reported, saiC
to him Listen, we aren't 60
ing to make no deal. We arr
going to help you"
And after they had helped,
Mr.. Biggerstaff said, What dC
I owe you?" And Mr.. Dumas
i See DEAL, Page A;
Evening star., 1962-07-07
8Die,6Hurt 8
In Route !
2-Cur Crash

COLONIAL HEIGHTS, Va.
July z (AP).-Two crowded
automobiles collided head-on
at the crest of a u. s. hill
near here early today and eight
persons died in the crash.
State police said five Of the
cars occupants were killed in
stantly in the wreck about 6:1s
am. and that three others died
while being carried to a Rich
mond hospital.
At least six persons riding in
the automobiles were injured
several of them critically-ano
were hospitalized in Richmond
Police said they counted as
many as Is people in the two
cars, one of which was from
New York, the other from
Maryland.
The collision took place In
front of a motel four miles
north of here on the road tc
Richmond. Mrs. w. E. Brooks
wife of the motel owner, sale
she was awakened shortly after
6 am. by a thunderouS sound Of
/ ~ afaI m V,nnfa1
There was no screeching oi
tires and no sounds of brakes
I did hear the horns blowing,
Mrs. Brooks said.
Among the dead, all tenta.
lively identified, were the
drivers of the cars, Jane.
Samuel of Brooklyn, N. Y.
and Samuel Yeuman, prob.
ably of Baltimore, Md; Wanda
Samuel, 6, of Brooklyn; a wom-
an, age not established; a girl
10, and a boy, about /.
The other two dead were moi
identified Immediately.
Mr.. Brooks, the motel opera
tor, said a truck driver stopped
his rig at the scene and used
an extinguisher to put out the
fire. Then, Mr.. Brooks said
the driver got back into his
truck and drove away.
Evening star., 1962-07-07

Districts Sanitation Depart
ment incinerator at Second and
K street Sc, was allegedly
jumped by five youths on K
street a block from the incin-
cerator. The youths, he said
beat him about the face ano
took his billfold, which con-
tanned 81.
A friend, Ulysses Holman, 80
of 702 I street Sc, saw the
attack and called for help on
nearby police call box. The po.
lice spotted the youths min
utes after reaching the scene
Mr.. Geiger later was treated fol
head cuts at D. C. General Hos
pital and released.
Evening star., 1962-07-07
TembIor Shakes
Pukistun Areas

RAWALPINDI, Pakistan, July
u (AP).-An earthquake of
moderate intensity shook Ra-
walpindi and Peshawar early
today. Some old buildings
cracked but no deaths were
reported.
The quake also was felt
throughout the entire Soviet
Republic Of Tadzhikistan in
Central Asia, TaSs reported.
The Soviet news agency said
the shock cracked walls in
some buildings but that there
were no injuries or major
damage.