davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-09-10

ALGIERS, Sept. 10 (AP).-
Deputy Premier Ahmed Ben
Bella and Regular Army Col.
Houari Boumedienne were Al
geria's rulers today and pre-
pairing to nominate the nations
first legislature heavily weighted
In their favor.
Col. Boumedienne marched
5000 men of his Communist
equipped army into Algiers
yesterday. ending the chaotic,
seven weeks occupation of the
city by rebeiiious guerrilla
forces Of Wilaya (zone) No. 4.
The smart, well disciplined
regular troops we're given a
tumultuous welcome as they
drove up and down the streets
of the capital in flagrant viola
tion Of an agreement with Will
ava As leaders to "demilitarize''
the city.
For the time being Mr.. Ben
Bella was the top man. Col.
Boumedienne told newsmen he
had no political ambitions and
that he and his army had
placed themselves without
reservations under orders of the
Political Bureau headed BY Mr..
Ben Bella.
Civilians Roar Approval
With roar after rear of
cheering, the civilian crowds
expressed both their pride in
their national peoples army
and their relief to be freed of
the oppressive Wilaya 4 regime,
The guerrilla leaders had run
the city at gunpoint and sought
to impose an unpopular Moslem
puritanism. They also used
their control of the capital to
stall attempts to organize an
orderly national administration,
mainly because of their fear of
being placed under Col. Boume-
dienne's command.
They capitulated after a
week-long civil war and evacu-
ated the city several hours be-
fore Col. Boumedienne's forces
arrived. In their new head
quarters at Blida, 30 miles
southwest Of Algiers, the guer-
rilla leaders complained Bit
terly that they had been
tricked. The cease-fire ending
the civil war provided for only
a small token force" of the
regular army to enter the de
militarized" capital.
Gunyu shrdul hrdIu dlu lu u
It was obvious that Mr.. Ben
Bella and Col. Boumedienne
never had any intention OF
abiding by the demilitarization
deal.
Mountain GuerrilIas Left
With the Wilaya 4 leaders
eliminated as a national po-
litical force, only their allies.
the guerrillas of Kaglyie Noun
tain Wilaya No. 8, remained as
an important stronghold of
anthem Bella politicians.
Some Of Mr.. Ben Bella's lead
ing rivals were believed to have
taken refuge in the Kabylie
range east of Algiers, where
the regular forces have not yet
penetrated. The refugees in
cluded Mohammed Boudiaf,
once Mr.. Ben Bella's only op-
ponent on the Political Bureau,
Evening star., 1962-09-10

WALTER ocUs
Crown Life Insurance Co.
LAURI A. PAAMANEN
Phoenix Mutual Life Insurance Co.
BRANKo 7. PoPoVcH
United Services Lifs'InsuFsnes Co.
THOMAS n. H..PRITcHARD
Phoenix Mutual Life Insurance Co.
FRANK KIpeE, c.LU.
Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Co. W.j)
HARRY c. ROBERTSON, JR -
American National Insurance Co. so
EUGENE =. RoEssER, c.l.U.
New England Mutual Life Insurance Co. )
ALLAN RuTLEpeE, JR. Er
Minnesota Mutual Life Insurance. Co. .as
WARREN S. STONE, c.L.u.
New York Life Insurance Co.
MARvlN.L. SUGAR, .c.L.u.
Penn Mutual Life Insurance Co.
SAMUEL }. SUGAR, c.L.u.
Penn Mutual Life Insurance Co.
STANLEY S. TELcHlN, c.L.u.
Massachusetts, Mutual Life Insurance ca.
WILLIAM N. wERBER, .c.L.U.
Independent Broker
JOHN zlMA
John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Co.
SILVER SPRING, Nd
KAYE r. GILL
Maryland life Insurance Co. Of Baltimore
zAKoM4 PARK; MO.
HOWARD g. ASHLEY, JR.
Independent Broker
ALEXANDRIA. VA.
DAVID r. OYSTER
New York Life Insurance. Co.
ARLINGTON VA.
PETER A. BLATE
Georgia International Life Insurance Co.
THOMAS r. BUCHANAN
new YORK Lfe INSURANCE Co.
PHILIP A. GIBSON. 'c.L.u.
New York Life Insurance Co.
HUBERT N. HOFFMAN
New York Life Insurance Co.
DAVID 7. MALoNEY
Southern life insurance Co. (N.c)
:. PRESTON PuLLIAM
New York Life Insurance Co.
DOUGLAS ]. REYNOLDS
New York Life Insurance Co.
Evening star., 1962-09-10
FOUND

CAT, gray, striped. white paws, z mos.
male, vic. Kingswood rd., Ashburton
Nd, name Boots" Reward, Aftel
8 p,m. EN-. 6-33O7.
Evening star., 1962-09-10
Second CIass Citizens

He said that the administra-
tors of the hospital ''have con-
ceded that the purpose Of their
program is selfishly economic
and. in effect, they have also
indicated that, in their judg-
Evening star., 1962-09-10
/" ing0's !"
H0vel0gue

TVS angle Girl"
on the seiHg IN far
array places, sgrites
exclusive gossip column
for The Hecht Co.
Evening star., 1962-09-10

Published Daily and Sunday
Second Class Postage Paid
at washington. d. c.
Evening star., 1962-09-10

Poor people - disadvan-
aged and segregated Negroes
Evening star., 1962-04-11

night with midget cars from
Dutch Schaefer's American
Racing Drivers Club. Three
I0-lap heats, a 10-lap consola-
ton and a 20-lap feature are
scheduled, starting at $50.
Fredericksburg Speedway,
Vista Raceway and Aquasco
Speedway will hold forth Sum-
day, the first two starting their
seasons and Aquasco continu-
ing its IL am. drag races.
FrederickSburg's six-event.
double-feature program viii be-
gin at 8 pm. featuring MAS
CAR drivers in the sportsman
modified division.
Vista brings back the Flying
Evening star., 1962-04-11

Car Club Of America every
April.
More than 260 entries have
been received for the Marl-
boro week end, which begins
at 5 pm. Friday with a couple
of novice races, free to the
public. Eight SLAP qualifying
races will begin at 2:30 Sat-
urday. Sundays races for ma
tional points, seven 20-lappers
for smaller classes and the So
lap run for the Governors Cup,
will get away at 10 am.
Old Dominion Speedway,
which has been running only
drag races so far this year,
starts its oval racing Saturday
Evening star., 1962-04-11
Auto Racing Season Moves
Into High Gear This Week

Dominion, Fredericksburg. Wis
ia, Marlboro and AquaSco-
will be in operation for the first
time as a group this year. and
only a repeat of the wet wealth
er the last two week ends can
blunt the onslaught.
In fact, more rain won't
Evening star., 1962-04-11
Bills Sign Guard

BUFFALO, N. Y. April IL
(AP) THE Buffalo Bills said
today that Billy Shaw. last
seasons starting left guard as
q rookie, has signed his 1862
contract. Shaw, a 6-3, 240-
FOUNDER, played his college ball
at Georgia Tech.
Evening star., 1962-04-11
TIE EVENING STAP

bother Marlboro Motor Race
way much. The sports cars
don't stop for wet weather. and
this will be Mariboro's yearly
big blowout for the sports jobs
the second annual Governors
Cup event.
Marlboro actually began its
season in early January with
the Refrigerator Bowl races.
which serve to help to keep the
engines warm until the Nation
al race meeting Of the Sports
Evening star., 1962-04-11

Missiles Motorcycle Club for a
show composed Of three heats.
two semifinals and a 20-lap
feature, starting with time
trials at / pm.
Evening star., 1962-04-11
By DICK SLAY
Star staff Writer

Thae auto racing season,
which has been hitting all
around Washington recently,
scores a direct hit here this
week end.
All the area tracks-Old
Evening star., 1962-04-11

34-ft Bakers Arbor Vitae
2-2l2-ft. Biota Aurea Mana
2-212-ft. Biota Bonita 3,99
34-ft. Biota Elgans
3-4-ft. Biota Newark
2-2l2-ft: Hex Convexa a-------.------3.99
2-212-ft. Hex Rotundifolia olia----------3.99
2-212-ft. Hex Microphylla
2-2I2-ft. Hex Pyramidalis lis------------3.9
.212-3-ft. Hex Hybrid
lR-2-ft: Hex Compacta
2-212-ft. Sheared Hex Compacta-
Garden Shop Sears Stores
Evening star., 1962-04-11

Store. Hours: Mondays,
Thursdays and Fridays, 10
to g. Tuesdays, Wednes-
days and Saturdays, 10 to E.
FREE PARKINC!,,
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1962-06-07

neighboring state Of a citizen
arrested for daring to criti-
Ching the governor. No, the
offending teacher, as the
news story shows, was not a
colored man or a member of
the NAACP. Here We have
been criticizing the President
and the United States SUI
preme Court whenever and
wherever We pleased and |
haven't heard Of any white
man being jailed for it. Why
we have even said some
pretty mean things about our
governors $1O,0gQ.q al bath
room and q few other things
and so far as I know mo-
body is in Jail fer those cri-
ticisms. Il H0YeFn0r Davis
natidb rse6om u
speech and set up q kind Of
dictatorship just across the
river from us, we here in
Mississippi may be next.
w. ]. Houston,
1854 Lea Circle
Jackson, Miss.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1962-06-07
TWENTY YEARS AGO

mention a marriage license,
dog license, hunting license
and fishing license.
I am also required to con-
tribute 10 women's relief, un-
ployment relief, golddiggers
relief, also Red Cross, Blue
Cross and Double Cross.
I am required to carry life
insurance, property insurance,
liability insurance, tornado
insurance, fire insurance, crop
insurance and burial insur-
ance. I am inspected, expec-
ted, suspected, disrespected,
examined, reexamined, in
formed, required, summoned
fined, commanded and COM
PEELED.
If I refuse to donate to
some hing I am boycotted.
talked about, lied about, held
up. held down, and robbed
until I am almost ruined. l
can tell you honestly that ex-
cept for the miracle that hap
pened this morning, I could
NOT enclose this check.
The wolf that comes to
everybody's door these days
Just had pups in my kitchen.
l sold them and here is the
money.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1962-06-07

Dear Editor:
A few days ago one of the
Jackson papers published a
news story from Houma,
Louisiana to the effect that a
young science teacher of that
town had been arrested and
placed under bond for criti-
Ching Governor Jimmie Da-
Wis and the Louisiana Legis-
lature for building a million
dollar mansion for the Cover
nor of that state and his fami-
ly to live in and refusing to
give the poorly paid teachers
a small raise. The % year old
teachers name was one Prof.
Motto.
When / read of the arrest
of that teacher I sat up and
rubbed my eyes in utter
establishment. / wondered if
there had been a misprint and
the article had really referred
ITO some incident in Commu-
mist Russia. Perhaps some
correspondent had lost his
sanity and had written the
truth about some happening
in Castro's Cuba. Surely q
thing like that couldn't hap
pen here in the South, the
only true interpreter Of the
Constitution, especially the
freedom Of speech.
/ had Thought the only peo-
pie WHO were trying to take
our liberties away from us
were the Kennedy's and the
Supreme Court. Now here
comes this incident ~ :
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1962-06-07

Carol Holloman and Pat
Slack: preacher, Don Barrett:
best man, Wyche Hooker; ring
bearer, Kirkham Povall; ia
Their Of the bride, Jerry Fite;
mother of the bride, Clara Sue
Minyard; mother of the groom
Janet Horseman; ushers,
Tommy Taylor and Edward
Lewis Schur; maid of honor,
Amanda Povall; matron of
honor, Ann Flowers: flower
girls, Renee Gilliland and Vir-
GINA Hawkins.
Palsy Smith,, soloist, sang,
81 Love You Truly and "At
Dawning' with Mrs. Doty
Porter at the piano.
A. large and appreciative
crowd witnessed the cere-
mony.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1962-06-07
BROOKS NOTE HUMOROUS
SIDE TO HARD LUCK

~
SIDE 70 HARD LUCK
cts not so bad but that it
couldn't be worse" is the at
titude of Mr.. and Mrs. Harold
Brock of Lexington route one,
who brought in the following
letter, after having suffered
two heavy losses by fire in
recent months.
Letter to a businessman in
answer to his creditors:
Dear Friend:
In reply to your request to
send a check, 1 wish to in
form you that 1.-THE present
condition of my bank account
makes it almost impossible.
My financial condition is due
to federal laws, state laws,
county laws, city laws and
corporation laws, liquor laws,
mother-in-laws, sister-in-laws
and outlaws.
Through these laws I am
compelled to pay business
tax, amusement tax, food tax,
gas, light and water tax, car
pet tax, income tax, furniture
tax and excise tax. / am re-
auired to get a business Ii
cense, truck license, not to
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1962-06-07
Through Hazel Eyes
Continued from Page

\SOIlllIlucQ Hull L dSG OIlCJ
to report ian out and out
falsehood." The report wa
that a visiting segregationist
minister, the Rev. Robert In
gram of Houston, Texas, had
been Threatened and intimi-
dated" if he appeared in Jack
son to speak at the Citizens
Council annual meeting on
May II and that the telegram
threatening him was sent by
a Jackson Episcopal minister,
the Rev. Edward H. Harrison.
1t turned out that the tele-
gram was not sent by Rev.
Harrison - and that even if
it had been = it could not
have been construed as a
threat or attempted intimida-
ltion wording.
Despite the fact that a yes
tryman Of st. Andrews Epis-
copal Church told John
Wright, president of the Jack
son Citizens Council, before
the &C meeting started that
Rev. Harrison had said he did
not send the telegram, Mr..
Wright permitted the tele-
gram to be read and photo
static copies of it distributed
to those attending. Mr.. Wright
also promised to permit the
Vestryman to speak at the
meeting but did not, later
saying he changed his mind"
The next day copies of the
telegram were distributed to
members of the Legislature in
a further effort designed to
smear the Rev. Harrison and
intimidate the Legislature,
possibly to keep it from sell
ing a plot of land to the Epis-
copal Church for a day school.
Fortunately the truth was
learned and the Legislature
was not inundated.
But the whole truth has
either not yet been learned,
or told.
Responsible officials of the
Citizens Council should not
stop until the person who
sent the faxed telegram is
found and exposed.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1962-06-07
N MEDITATION
June 7th

God when we put ourselves
into our work with willing
hearts, pleasant attitudes, and
thoughts - with a spirit like
Christ's.
Yes, such stewardship not
only becomes a privilege but
also a beacon to all and sun
dry to Christian action, dedi-
cation, and service.
PRAYER: Let Christ shine
in us, O Lord. May what
ever we do, think, and say
this day help those around
us to feel the greatness of
His love and see the beauty
Of His life. In His name.
Amen.
U FOR THE DAY:
It is Christ's spirit in us
which makes our steward
ship meaningful.
Natty G. Barranda,
(Philippines)
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1962-06-07
Sovereignty Commission PR Chief
Asks For Racial Cooperation

able TO take that mile when
ever they please.
1T would seem far better
to offer an inch of considera-
ton across a table of har-
mony than to be forced to re-
treat further in an atmo-
sphere of friction and bitter
ness"
Johnston, who was presi-
dent of the Grenada Class of
1885. told the graduates:
my generation, which is
past the halfway mark, has
been dedicated to educating
the colored people and raising
their standards of living.
Many thousands have i'm
proved themselves education
ally, morally and hygienical-
~. As this number increases,
it will become your decision
as to how they should be
treated in the future.
Our colored people know
about the hypocricies of the
north. They know there is
discrimination. They know
attitudes cannot be legislated.
Our separate school system
of the future depends on our
ability to earn and retain the
cooperation, trust and conf
dence of the colored race in
Mississippi. There are mill
tant hot heads in both races.
They must restrain theirs and
we must restrain ours.
"As you contemplate the
decisions you graduates may
be called on to m a k e /,
let me suggest that courtesy
is better than coercion, in
terest is better than intimi-
dalton, recognition is better
than retribution and friend
ship is better than force"
Johnston has been public
relations director of the So
vereignty Commission since
1860. AS part of his job with
the official state agency he
travels to the North speaking
in defense of Mississippi
views.
The trips have been effec-
tive, he said, but eve can ex-
pect no national movement
of any strength which would
support the Southern tradi-
ton of segregated societies.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1962-06-07
STIGLERS WANT OTHERS
TO ENJOY FINE ARTICLE

- TFEtN - %n HE
TO ENJOY FINE ARTICLE
Mr.. and Mrs. G. w. Stigler
received an article written by
Henry Ansley that appeared
in The Amarillo News and
sent to thtem by their daugh-
ter, Mrs. G.. D. Lightner of
Welasco, Texas.
As follows:
= like the depression. No
more prosperity for me. I
have had more fun since the
depression started than / ever
had before in all my life. I
had forgotten what it was
like to have real friends or to
eat common food. In fact l
had become a little highhat.
It's great to drop into a
store and feel you can spend
an hour or two or three, with
out wasting anybody's time.
Three years ago / ordered
several tailor made suits at a
time and was always dressed
up, now ! am mighty proud
of my one Sunday-go-to-
Meetin' suit and feel really
dressed up. Three years ago
/ played golf on Sunday, now
l go to church. l like the de-
preston. l was so darn smart
there wasn't a preacher in all
Texas that could tell me any
thing. I go to church regularly
and if this depression keeps
on / may even be going to
prayer meeting.
I am becoming acquainted
with my neighbors who have
lived next door for years.
Three years ago l was so
busy and my wife was so
busy, we had no time for
each other. My wife belonged
to all the clubs and organiza-
tons in town., including the
Young Mothers Club, and we
have no children, but it was
something for her to join.
We were so h~ifalutin' we
took down the pld family bed
and bought twin beds. When
! came home late she was al
ready in hers and / crawled
inc pine with a hot water
bottle. Now We have discard
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1962-06-07

ONE YEAR AGO - "A for
mer Coxburg school boy set
a new record this week.
David L. Hearn, son of Mr..
anI Mrs. j. A. Hearn, became
the first graduate of Coxburg
High School to obtain a Mas
ter's degree from an inssitu-
ton of. higher learning.
On Sunday. June 4, David
received a masters degree in
Business Education at the
University Of Mississippi. He
had previously obtained his
bachelors degree in Business
ADMINISTRATION at Delta State
College where he attended
two years following his gra-
duatiioonrl from. Holmes Junior
College.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1962-06-07
Read Ephesians 3:l4-2l

tZ2 ALfGL1...Z ~
We are his workmanship,
created in Christ Jesus unto
good works. (Ephesians 2::10.)
After the early worship SER
vice in a chapel one morning,
! remained in the pew and
meditated for some time. AT
first lost in thought. I did not
notice the man who was plac-
ing hymnals in the racks and
collecting copies of the order
of worship left in the pews.
AS he approached | saw a pro
found smile in his old rugged
face. Shining rays Of willing
and blessed service seemed
to radiate around him.
Each of us has responsible
lities Of stewardship to face.
We have work to do which
may generally be considered
nenia1. However, our respon-
slbilities in daily life bscoms
rare privileges for hqnoring
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1962-06-07
TOM THHMR WEDpINc

A Tom Thumb Wedding
was held Monday in the
Grammar School Auditorium
at Tao sponsored by the Bea-
con staff, under supervision
of Mr.. James Reedy.
,Sandra Hammett was the
bride and Chris Myers the
groom. Sarah Trotman was
the Tilted bride. Queens were
Cynthia Heath, Tallulah King
and Elizabeth Holder. Coun-
try cousins were jamie Moses,
Patsy East, Steve Herring and
Robert Autry.
John Murphy as Churchill
and the rich uncle from Tex
as, Kim Kimbrough were wed
ing guests.
Bridesmaids were Lynn and
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1962-06-07
THIRTY YEARS AGO

ed the twin beds, put the old
bed back up as it requires
only one pair of sheets. My
wife has replaced the hot wa
ter bottle. I like the depres-
sion.
My digestion is better. In
stead of breast of guinea hen,
we have sow bosom with but
tons. I like the depression"
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1962-06-07
Only Way To Kee[
Segregation In
Schools, Johnston


Grenada - CUPID - Erie
Johnston, Jr., public relations
director of the State Sove-
reign.y Commission, said Fri.
day night Mississippi's only
hope of maintaining school
segregation rests in the CO.
operation of its Negroes. He
sad extremists on both sides
ave preventing that coopera-
lion.
I'VE already have many al
lies among the colored school
teachers, bus drivers and
other employers who want to
preserve their employment.
We can earn the cooperation
of others with consideration
and recognition and an honest
attempt to provide coloredd
citizens with facilities to
which they are entitled"
Johnston, who edits the
Scott County (Weekly) Times
at Forest, addressed gradu-
ties Of Grenada high. He de-
scribed himself as neither
IAN extremist, liberal Of mod
crate but a practical segre-
gationist."
Mississippi needs more
white people who will pub
licly speak out for recogni-
ton withou. being branded as
liberal leftists and more
colored people willing to CO.
operate without being brand
ed as Uncle Toms" he said.
1--WE can be practical without
being radical. We can be
realistic without being ridi-
culous."
II have often thought that
if the extremists at both ends
of this racial situation would
quit wildly Wagging their
tongues and suspiciously
pointing their fingers we
could restore some racial har-
mony in Mississippi and make
better progress"
Johnston, without mem
tioning either group by name,
had harsh words for the
NAACP and the Citizens
Councils.
The Negro group, he said,
has clamored for special privi-
leges rather than better treat
ment and has thrived "on
strained relations to streng-
then their appeals for more
funds from the North"
The white organization, he
said, believes in threat and
intimidation" He said its
members 'mean well. They
are dedicated to their cause.
But they have agitated the
friction and bitterness and
there is some question as to
whether this attitude is a
help, a hindrance, or merely
creates hysteria."
Persons who want to keep
segregation by organizing
and fighting" have only four
courses to take, he said.
"They can fight through
the courts, with weapons,
with violence, or with boy
colt.
Our attorney general and
his staff are already doing an
excellent job in. the courts,
but all litigation eventually
reaches the dark corridors of
the Supreme Court.
"Mississippians are coura-
geous but not foolish. I don't
believe we will open fire on
u. S. marshals or soldiers in
uniform.
"Mississippians are not bar
barians. We will not don the
sheets of an ancient era and
inflict harm on colored peo-
pie or destroy their property.
"Boycotts would be ineffec-
tive because white employers
are not going to fire colored
workers from certain jobs and
/ don't believe retailers are
going to refuse to sell mer-
chandise to colored custom
ers."
Some segregationists heated
ly argue that to give up an
inch is to give up a mile,
Johnston said. "Yet they con-
veniently disregard the fact
that the colored people Of
Mississippi, with the federal
government and courts ready
to support them. soon may be
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1962-06-07

Return From Wedding Trip
DR.. and Mrs. Johnny Var
borough returned today from
a southern wedding trip.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1962-06-07
The Lexington ADVERTISER
Thursday, June Z, lAe2

HAZEL BRANNON SMITH CMrs. Walter p)--- Kditsr and Publisher
Established in 1887 = Published Every Thursday duhy4ipdoa rates; Any.
where in Holmes County $500 per year; Outside Holmes County 1850 PER year.
Entered as second class matter at the Post Office Of Lexington, Mississippi
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1962-06-07
Through The Years

Items OF interest from the past taken from our files
Of The Lexington Advertiser and The Durant News.
BY Ruth B. Flower
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1962-06-07
Editors Letter Box

Jackson, Miss.
1854 Lee Circle
May 81, 1862