davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-22

SECRETARY-No DICTATIoN, but
quick accurate tipping: responsible
position with pleasant working
cond. in mod. midtown office. No
overtime, good salary. Apply per-
sonnet office, 1401 Eye st. NV"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-02-22
statesmen
statesmen

offset, letterpress: ex-
banding facilities. excellent op-
portunity. Resume. p. o. Box
1920, Washington IL. D. C.
Evening star., 1962-09-09
New President

His administrations plans for
aiding q Cubars rebel assault on
the island went forward. But the
invasion. originally Sc: for Novem-
Der 80. 1860. was put off because
the presidential election deter
mined that the White House Would
pass from Republican to Demo-
cratic hands.
The new President, John r.
Kennedy, did not disavow the in
vasion plan. But, his critics
charge, his ttmid augmentation
Of it helped assure its failure. First
he announced that the United
States would take no direct part
in any assault on Cuba. easing
Castro fears and dampening rebel
hopes. Then, in the course of the
operation, he Cancelled q vital sec
ond air strike against the Castro
air force. The result was g fiasco.
More than 1900 rebels were cap
tured, the main invasion supply
ships sunk and Castro emerged
stronger than ever.
Ironically, imperial Russian de-
signs on the Pacific coast of
North America was one Of the
factors which prompted the dec
laration by President Monroe in
an 1928 message to Congress,
which became known as the Nom
roe Doctrine.
Evening star., 1962-09-09
Rather Quiet

The Soviet newspaper Izvestia on
Wednesday night called the ex-
PLANTATION q clumsy subterfuge"
and again demanded punishment
of those responsible for the flight.
But since that time the Rus
slams have been rather quiet
about the U-2 matter, indicating
they may not press it any further
at least at this time. They may
kick UP a fuss at the United Ma
tions General Assembly meeting
in New York later this month";
however.
While the week was q disheart--
ening one for relaxation Of ten
sions In Berlin, the West found
something to cheer about.
The United States told the
Russians on Monday that their
troops who guard the Soviet War
Memorial in West Berlin could no
longer pass through the American
checkpoint but must hereafter use
the British one, which is closer.
American troops were deployed
to carry out the order and on
Tuesday. Soviet armored personnel
vehicles carrying the guards did
as they were told.
What. If any, real significance
there may be in this, there was
certainly one gain. The morale Of
the West Berliners was lifted.
They saw the action as an i'm
portant allied initiative.
Evening star., 1962-09-09
Car Fired On

On the same day, as if to un-
derline its feeling on who was
causing the tension, the Depart
ment confirmed that Soviet troops
on a train in East Germany had
fired 30 rounds Of submachine-
gun slugs into an American Army
staff car, without warning or
provocation. No one was hurt. The
train repeatedly was transport
ing Soviet anti-aircraft missiles.
But the United States did not
attempt to make the incident q
cause for a major protest. This
may have been due to the fact
that, as some thought. the Rus
slams, after a major outburst.
have not gone all-out on an
other embarrassing - for the
United States s-U-2 affair.
The latest incident involving the
contro o versial reconnaissance
plane was disclosed by a Kremlin
protest on Tuesday that an
American U-2 flew over the Soviet
island Of Sakhalin north Of Japan
on August 81.
The Kremlin note was toughly
Evening star., 1962-09-09
Soviet Reply

Last Tuesday, the Soviet Union
replied to the Western overtures
for talks. Its note. more of q prop
aganda foray than a diplomatic
communication. was harsh. 1t
said, in effect:
There is no point in discussing
the matter. Your presence in the
city Is provocative and endangers
the peace. Get out.
The United States. comment on
the Soviet intransigeance could
have been predicted easily. After
a respectable time lapse, the
State Department on Thursday
spoke its mind. Calling the USSR's
note completely unresponsive,"
it said:
"The Soviet Government in its
note of September 5 has at
tempted to divert the attention
of world opinion from its own
failure to carry out its response
bilities with respect to Germany
and Berlin by questioning the mo-
tives and good faith of the West
ern powers and by painting
a completely distorted picture Of
the situation in Berlin"
Evening star., 1962-09-09
coIninq Critics

In his efforts to calm his critics
within the United States and re-
assure the American people, he is
making q strong effort to have the
Cuban situation considered as only
a part of the worldwide challenge
posed by international commu-
niSm's threats to peace in this
nuclear-missile age.
The inference drawn by many
observers was that the President
did not wish to take any military
action, alone or in concert with
other American nations, at this
time lest it lead to nuclear war
with the USSR.
But some critics Of the Ken
nedy watch-and-wait policy ridi-
culed the idea that the Soviet
Union would risk its own destruc-
ton for q country and a regime
which were not vital to its own
security.
Mr.. Kennedy's problem Is Q
prickly and painful one. The fact
that he told q reporter on Au-
gust 20 that he had no informa-
ton that the Russians were send
ing Nike-type missiles to Cuba,
after the reporter said State De-
partment sources had told him
Evening star., 1962-09-09
Policy Keystone

This was O brave statement by
a young nation to make, but 1t
was backed by the Royal Navy Of
Great Britain and it has been q
keystone Of our policy for 139
years.
Last week there was wonder In
the free world-and particularly
in the United States - whether
Mr.. Khrushchev's funeral Grafton
for the Monroe Doctrine, prema-
ture when delivered In 1860, was
now being tactily acknowledged as
valid.
On Sunday night, the Kremlin
announced in o communique
largely devoted to Soviet eco
nomic aid to Cuba that 1t would
deliver to the Castro regime ar
maments and technical special-
lists for training Cuban service
men" because Of "the threats Of
aggressive imperialist quarters"
The United States was not men,
toned by name, but it was the
first time the Kremlin took the
bold step Of announcing that it
was sending arms to Castro,
something which it has been do
ing for nearly two years.
The week before, Mr.. Kennedy
told q news conference that the
Russians were sending arms and
technicians. Senator Heating Of
New York had earlier called the
Russian visitors troops" charged
first that they numbered 1.500
and then raised the total to $3.50
to 5000 and reported that. Nike
type anti-aircraft missiles were
being landed.
Evening star., 1962-09-09
Invasion Rejected

The President said that the
Monroe Doctrine meant what it
always meant, but rejected the
suggestion by Senator Capehart.
Republican of Indiana, later
echoed by Senator Thurmond.
Democrat Of South Carolina. that
we should invade Cuba, implying
that to do so might set off far
more serious trouble in which q
good many persons might suffer.
With the Sunday Kremlin an
nouncement, however, the pres
sure for action ranging from q
naval blockade to invasion by
United States forces grew stronger
on Capitol Hill.
Mr.. Kennedy called congress
sional leaders of both parties to
the White House on Tuesday to
discuss the matter. He subse-
quently issued q statement say
ing that the United States would
use whatever means may be nee
essary" to prevent aggression by
Cuba In the Western Hemisphere.
He assured the American people
that the Soviet arms being shipped
to Cuba were defensive" in ma
ture-"were it to be otherwise, the
gravest issues would arise"
Evening star., 1962-09-09
Berlin:
Tightening

The Soviet Union last week
rejected allied proposals for
talks to ease the Berlin situa-
ti0n. The State Department
charged that the Kremlin note
tries TO conceal Communist
misdeeds in the former German
capital
On August "a, the United States.
Great Britain and France sent
notes to the USSR asking for
four-power talks on easing the
persistent, war-risky tension
which has surrounded Berlin since
the advent Of The Wall, the In
famous Red-built barrier which
divides the East and West sections
of that city.
Fifty-one East Germans try
ing to escape to West Berlin from
Evening star., 1962-09-09
TIE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
Cuba: On Drawing the Line

The Soviet Union announced
last Sunday II had agreed 70
supply arms and military tech
nicians to Cuba. President KEN
nedy pledged ON Tuesday to
bar Cuban aggression against
any part Of the Western Hem
isphere, as demands rose In
the Senate for United States
cOunteraeti0n. even for invasion
Of the Red island.
At q Moscow news conference
on July IL, 1860, Soviet Premier
Nikita Khrushchev. still striking
the angry pose he took in the
wake Of the U-2 spy plane Incl
dent of . couple months earlier,
declared:
"The Monroe Doctrine has out
lived its usefulness. It has died
q natural death. The only thing
left to do with the Monroe Doc
trine is to bury 1t, just as you
bury anything dead SO it win not
poison the air"
This statement followed an
even more provocative one by the
Russian dictator q few days ear
lier, in which he broadly threat
ened to rain rockets on the United
States If this country attacked the
Caribbean stronghold Of Fidel
Castro.
President Eisenhower, making it
plain that the Monroe Doctrine
was in full force as far as this
country was concerned, replied
that the United States would not
be deferred from its responsible
tiles by any threats from the
Kremlin.
Evening star., 1962-09-09
De GouNe:
Toward Union

President de GaulIe of France
went to West Germany on a
state visit last week in a move
to bind the two countries more
closely together.
Charles de Gaulle has long
envisioned a European political
federation and the success of the
Common Market, whose members
are France, West Germany, Italy,
Belgium, the Netherlands and
Luxembourg, has made him i'm
patient for its creation.
The foundation of any such
federation. and he sees it as a
relatively loose organization, is,
in his opinion, the complete rap
prochement Of France and Ger
many and strong. ever-closer ties
between these nations. Chancellor
Konrad Adenauer of West Ger
many agrees.
Accordingly, the six-day state
visit beginning last Tuesday and
ending today-of the French
President to West Germany was
watched closely by observers for
any new steps toward political
union, formal or informal.
President de Gaulle was en-
Enthusiastically welcomed by the
German people and this first visit
in history by a French chief Of
state to the country France has
so often warred with was an un-
qualified personal and public re-
lations success.
And. while there were no con-
crete steps taken for any formal
Tightening Of the ties the two
Continued on Page E-2
Evening star., 1962-09-09

Then Mayor Wagner's refusal
to accept the nomination served
to lower its value. The almost
lethargy that ensued, some weeks
passed before Mr.. Morgenthau
emerged. tended to indicate that
an acceptable man was hard to
find. Then, the method of the
presentation Of Mr.. Morgenthau's
candidacy latter Mayor wagner's
visit to the White House -
created an opening for criticism
(promptly made by Republicans
that he was the candidate OF the
Democrats bosses.
Offsetting these factors and Mr..
Morgenthau's immaturity as q
candidate, were several other
things In his favor: He is Jewish,
possesses q name already know
politically and has not been in
volved in any intra-party fights,
and most important, Is believed
to have at least the tacit ap-
proval Of President Kennedy.
Whether the President Is willing
to indorse him openly is another
question. One New York poll
claimed that he would draw 40
per cent Of the vote in q contest
with Gov. Rockefeller. This was
hard for political commentators
to believe but it was one piece
in the puzzle which may lift the
New York race into the class with
the Nixon-Brown campaign in
California as the most interesting
in the Nation this fall.
Evening star., 1962-09-09
UnintentionoI'

The State Department replied
quickly that the plane may have
flown over Sakhalin "uninten-
tionally" because it had encoun-
tered severe winds which may
have blown it off course. It as.
sured the Russians that our policy
against sending reconnaissance
planes over the Soviet Union. first
established by Mr.. Eisenhower,
was still in effect.
The Kennedy administration then
ordered a. ban on further COM
ment on the incident by Govern
ment officials. Apparently as far
as it is concerned. the case is
closed.
Pentagon sources speculated
that the U-2 was skirting Soviet
territory in an effort to pick up
electronic signals and informa-
ton related to the current Rus
sian nuclear weapons tests.
Evening star., 1962-09-09
Famous Name

Mr.. Morgenthau is 43, q World
War II veteran, and bears a name
famous in New York political
circles, his father having been
Secretary of the Treasury In the
Franklin D. Roosevelt administra-
tions. After the word went out
that Mr.. Morgenthau was Mayor
Wagner's man. support for him
grew quickly and last Monday he
resigned his office at the court
house to campaign actively.
Mr.. Morgenthau was hurled
quickly into one Of the brightest
political limelights in the country
the governorship Of New York
being considered second only to
the presidency in political potency.
What manner Of man is he?
During his years as Q New
York lawyer he demonstrated al
most q gift for unobtrusiveness.
Described as q persevering kind
of man but no back-slapper he
is apparently a quiet, reserved
Evening star., 1962-09-09
Congress:
Holiday Time

The Senate completed action
on Thursday on the administra-
tion's tax revision bill after
considerable change was made
in it. It now goes to the House
for q conference.
Congress last week was In q
holiday mood of lassitude. The
House was in virtual recess watt
ing for the Senate to catch up
on its work and the Senate pro-
ceeded only slowly.
On Thursday it completed ac-
ton on the tax revision bill, one
Of President Kennedy's list Of re-
quired legislation. BY o vote Of
'59 to "a the bill was sent to the
Continued on Page E-2
Evening star., 1962-09-09

that this was the case, did not
help him. Because on September 4,
he admitted In q public statement
that q number Of such weapons
had been delivered to Castro.
And when q United States SEN
ator, as did Senator Thurmond,
says "there is substantial evidence
that there are now at least four
intermediate range ballistic mis-
sile bases IN Cuba" more doubts
and fears were created, particu-
larly in Florida, which is only 80
miles or, as Candidate Kennedy
said in 1860. only two minutes by
Jet away.
The President Is, Of course, cor
rect In his belief that no American
in his right mind would want to
risk unnecessarily q nuclear war.
On the other hand. it Is his lot
to have to face the problem Of
Soviet brinkmanship and deter
mine Just how much the fear Of
such o war should inllibit imple-
mentation Of the Monroe Doctrine
and unilateral action in defense Of
our national security.
Meanwhile, 1t appeared almost
certain that the Cuban situation
win be a major campaign issue
this fall. The Republicans have
scented q big one and Democratic
politicians fear they may be right.
Talk about bipartisanship and
stopping the debate "at the wa
ter's edge" is likely to be ignored
as 1t usually is in q campaign
year. Cuba was an issue for Mr..
Kennedy in his race against
Richard M. Nixon two years ago:
the Republicans. unless the situa-
ton changes suddenly and
dramatically. will turn it against
the President in the weeks ahead.
Evening star., 1962-09-09

their police-state homeland have
been shot dead by Communist
police. West Berliners have rioted
and stoned Russian buses carry
ing Red Army troops to their War
Memorial in the British sector.
East and West German police have
glared at each other across the
barrier. their trigger fingers at the
ready. Clearly, there has been
great danger in the air.
Evening star., 1962-09-09

ambassadors Of the other Ameri-
can States to explain the Presi-
dents position on the worsening
situation. He suggested an in
formal. n no-action-to-be-taken
meeting In New York later In the
month when many Latin foreign
ministers will be attending the
United Nations General Assembly
session.
On Friday, q few hours after
Republican leaders recommended
a joint congressional resolution
giving the President authority to
use troops, If he decided 1t was
necessary, to defeat communism
in Cuba, Mr.. Kennedy made an
unexpected move.
He asked Congress for the
power to call Up as many as
10000 ready Reservists. II needed,
between the time Congress ad-
journs and next February 28.
This power was necessary, Mr..
Kennedy said. "to permit prompt
and effective responses to
challenges which may be pre-
sented in any part Of the free
world" He did not mention either
Cuba or the still-dangerous Ber-
lin situation.
The request was puzzling for
more than one reason.
First, the administration said
after the Berlin Gallup fiasco last
year that it would no longer
count on reservists for meeting
Cold War crises. but would. In
stead, strengthen our regular
forces.
Second. under present law the
President simply has to declare
q limited national emergency and
he may call up to / million men.
The Consensus
The consensus is, therefore,
that the Presidents new request
was O political thrust at the Re-
publicaIfs and psychological move
against the Russians.
It is regarded as political be-
cause 1t obviously Is an attempt to
answer charges that he is timid
and inGecisive and hasn't done
anything about Cuba. (Actually,
the request for authority to call up
100000 men is not likely to ef-
feet the Cuban situation. Our
regular forces are. Of course,
plenty big enough to topple Castro
If directed to dc so.)
The psychological warfare as
pect comes in the Presidents hope
that the request on reservists viii
make clear to- the Russians. as
he is convinced last years call-up
did, that the United States means
to defend its rights and security
in Berlin, the Western Hemi-
sphere and everywhere else.
BY the end of the week. It was
clear that Mr.. Kennedy was In .
really difficult position.
II support for an invasion Of
Cuba was valid in April. 1861, how
can he defend q policy Of no.
action in September. 1862, when
the situation was far graver, with
the increased shipment Of Soviet
arms and men, the extent Of
which Is still not clear?
How can he demonstrate that
he Is In control Of the situation.
damp down American hotheads
and keep the issue out Of the COM
ing congressional elections in the
face Of the new Kremlin provoca-
tionS?
Evening star., 1962-09-09
Buckley Wins

Against O crescendo of charges
Of bossisn, the veteran leader
won denomination over Mr.. Levy
by 5000 votes. In the Bronx-as
in Georgia-the Democratic nom
ination Is all o man needs to
come to Washington. Grateful,
and even humbled by his victory,
Mr.. Buckley announced that he
would not seek another term but
would give way to a younger man.
The reform hackers were more
successful In another House race
where Representative Ryan, q re-
form candidate. won in a realigned
Manhattan district over Repre-
sentative zelenko, q regular DEM
ocrat.
Also chosen in the balloting
were delegates to the State polit-
ical conventions on September II
where gubernatorial and sena-
torial nominees for the Novem-
Der 9 elections are chosen.
The Republicans have their
ttCACe AdAAQ-AAu0os b0CCCoo1u
combination Of popular incum-
bents: Gov. Rockefeller and Sem
ator Javits. 81
The Democrats have had Q
harder time: in fact. they've had
q very hard time. Mayor Wagner.
an obvious choice. turned it down.
District Attorney Frank D. O'Con-
nor Of Queens and Represent
ative Frank Stratton Of Sche-
nectady were avowed candidates
but neither aroused much en-
thusiasm. Gov. Rockefeller's pop
ularity seemed to intimidate the
best prospects.
Then in mid-August q new
name appeared. After q visit to
President Kennedy Mayor Wagner
began to talk about Robert M.
Morgenthau. United States At
torney for the Southern District
of New York.
Evening star., 1962-09-09
Must Be There for Some Purpose

worded. It recalled the U-2 spy
flight of Francis Gary Powers in
May, 1860. the one used as an
excuse to cancel a summit meet
ing between President Eisenhower
and Premier Khrushchev. and de-
manded an explanation from
Washington.
Evening star., 1962-09-09
Busy Rockefeller

While Mr.. Morgenthau was
making his decision (and an
nouncing in somewhat seIf-con-
sciously ct q press conference) I,
Gov. Rockefeller was busy at q
county fair where he made q
speech, crowned the All Club
champion girl and boy, reviewed
special horse race in his honor
and presented q cake to O Cos
lumbia County resident said to be
ia years old. The recipient,
Negro. was said to have been
born in slavery.
The Governors activities pointed
up the problem MIR. Morgenthau
faced: He must turn into a good
campaigner. Could he do It? Was
the question uppermost in the
minds of the Democratic leaders
who prepared to nominate him.
There are other handicaps In
New York this year for the party,
which has not yet settled on any
outstanding possibility in the
Senate nomination. In the first
place, the Republican-controlled
legislature put the primary back
to September 6 so that the Dem
ocratic candidate couldn't be
named until six weeks before the
general election on November 8.
Even the Republican New York
Herald Tribune denounced this,
calling It q partisan custom that
is wrong.
Evening star., 1962-09-09
Rusk Conference

The next day, Secretary Of State
Rusk and Secretary Of Defense
Mcnamara discussed the Cuban
developments ct q Joint meeting
of the Senate Foreign Relations
and Armed Services Committees
behind closed doors.
Later. Mr.. Rusk called in the
Evening star., 1962-09-09
THE NATIONAL SCENE
New York as Kickoff
ForNovemberV Voting

The fan 1862 election season
entered q new phase on Thurs
day with primary voting In New
York.
One Of the great mysteries Of
the political scene has been the
durability Of the old saying that
"AS Maine goes so goes the ma
ton" Even students in primary
school political science know that
Maine usually goes Republican. A
far sutherland more rewarding
political pastime Is keeping an
eye on what goes on in every
facet Of ballot-box activity in
New York.
This years primary there-held
last Thursday-wasn't very ex-
citing on the face Of 1t. At stake
were nominations for party candi-
dates for House seats, the State
Legislature and city council. It
lacked the interest aroused In last
years elections in New York City
when Mayor Wagner was opposing,
and successfully. the entrenched
forces Of party bossism.
The primary was considered an
extension Of this fight and q
House race in the Bronx drama
tized the situation. There Repre-
sentative Buckley, 72 year -old
veteran Democratic leader, was
opposed by q young reform candi-
date, David II. Levy. Mr.. Buckley
was opposed by Mayor Wagner
and the reform leaders, former
Senator Lehman and Mrs. Frank
lin d. Roosevelt but he had the
support Of President Kennedy. The
Congressman had been one Of
the early Kennedy for President
workers and q very effective one.
Evening star., 1962-09-09

man without many Of the OUT
going qualities Of the successful
vote-getter such as, land this Is
what is worrying Democratic Gov.
Rockefeller.
. People who have worked with
him describe him as q man Of
ability. an organizer and an effec-
tive executive. sHe's q man
Of few words" said one friend.
"a. he comes straight to the
point" But in politics there's
considerable doubt that words
unspoken can sway many votes.
Evening star., 1962-09-09
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