davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-09
The Power to Borqoin

AS presented to Congress by PreSi-
dent Kennedy, the story Of the long
negotiations that led to the signing this
week in Geneva Of agreements between
the United States and "a other nations
on reciprocal tariff concessions is an i'm
presSive argument in favor of his request
for a new trade expansion act containing
wider authority to bargain down" the
barriers to international commerce.
Mr.. Kennedy described these
negotiations-which began in Septem-
Der, 1860, at the initiative of the Eisen-
hover administration-as "the largest
and most complex" in the 28-year his
tory of the Reciprocal Trade Agreements
Act which expires next June 80. BY
terms Of this act, our own allowable
tariff reductions are limited generally
to about 20 per cent and the overall
restrictions imposed upon our negotiat-
ing authority left our representatives
unable in the first instance to offer con-
ceSsions equal to those rendered by the
European Economic Community, the
Common Market. At one point, collapse
OF the negotiations was threatened-a
development that might have resulted in
division of the free world into number
of trading blocs with higher rather than
lower barriers to commerce between
them. 1t was at this point that the Ken
nedy administration reviewed the So
called peril point findings of the Tariff
Commission, decided that some were
unduly restrictive and authorized our
Geneva delegation to offer certain new
concessions.
BY themselves, Mr.. Kennedy ex-
planned, these concessions still were not
enough to balance Common Market Of
fers, but he made this further significant
comm n t.: 1.-THE FEC, however, was
acutely aware of the limitations under
which the United States was negotiating.
Within the Community, the forces
favoring liberal trading policy were.
greatly strengthened by the evidence
that we were serious about bargaining
down trade barriers. Once we had made
our move, this phase of the negotiations
proceeded expeditiously to conclusion.
That conclusion was highly advan-
tageous to the United States" In his
news conference, the President eSti-
mated that we will benefit on items that
totaled $4.3 billion in our 1860 export
trade, while giving concessions affecting
import items that totaled about S29
billion in the same year. Furthermore,
assurances have been received of a
sympathetic attitude toward a later
lowering of restrictions against sale of
our farm products abroad-a highly i'm
portant category in our export trade.
The House Ways and Means Com
mittee is due to begin consideration of
the Kennedy trade proposals next week.
There will be vigorous testimony, pro
and con, and similar debate in the
months to come. With the record of these
recent negotiations, and the evidence
of the cooperative mood displayed by
our principal trading partners, however,
the President has strengthened his case.
If the economic power Of the free world
Is to be Joined, instead of compart-
mentalized in rival blocs, the expansion
Of trade, not it's contraction, is essential.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-09

IL mas always been my i'm
preston that a diplomat, as
a representative of his coun-
try, Is expected to act in a
courteous and polite man
ner. I would like to relate
an incident which happened
while I was soliciting funds
during the recent Heart Fund
campaign.
A lady answered my knock
at the door of one particular
apartment, and after I had
explained the purpose of my
visit, she asked me to wait a
moment. Her husband then
came to the door and I again
very carefully explained the
aims and purposes of the
Heart Fund campaign. At
this point, the man became
very belligerent and slammed
the door in my face with
such force that residents of
several other apartments in
that corridor came out of
their apartments to find out
what had caused such a loud
noise.
I later determined that the
resident of that particular
apartment was Ladislav Wei
dinger, a first secretary of
the CzechoSlovak Embassy. I
wonder if Mr.. Weidinger
realizes how much harm is
done to his country's repu-
tation by a discourteous act
of this type, particularly
when so much tension exists
in the world. 1t would have
taken very little effort for
Mr.. Weidinger to politely ad-
wise me that he was not in
tereSted, perhaps even less
effort than it did for him to
slam the door in my face.
I called on other people
during the campaign, whom
I know to be associated with
various embassies, and in all
other instances I was most
courteouSly received.
Charity Worker.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-09
UnscheduIed Stop

A violation of the rights
of citizens occurred on the
night of March 2. when an
entire bus load of innocent
citizens was driven by an
irate D. C. Transit driver to
No. Is precinct where they
were searched despite their
protestations.
AS some youths boarded the
bus at 7th and Florida ave-
nue. NV, a young hoodlum
grabbed the drivers change
purse and leaped back off
the bus. The driver slammed
all doors and drove to the
precinct despite the fact that
he had passengers who wished
to get off at other stops. At
the precinct the passengers
were searched without being
charged with any crime, with
out being permitted to phone
anyone, and without police
calling the parents of the
juveniles to let them know
where their children were.
Later the innocent victims
were released and left to make
their ways home as best they
coNld. I had a juvenile rela-
tive on that bus.
Edna B. Jackson.
Editors note: The pre-
cinct reports that a police
man at the scene advised the
driver to take the passengers
IT, ...e station house in order
~ find out if the person
guilty Of the robbery was still
aboard. No arrest was made.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-09
Our Stand on Laos

About a year ago, on March
%, 1861 to be exact, PreSi-
dent Kennedy held a press
conference at which he spoke
these words on Laos:
IF these attacks Con LaoS)
do not stop, those who sup
port a truly neutral Laos
will have to consider their
response. No one should
doubt our resolution on this
point the security of all
Southeast Asia will be en-
dangered if Laos loses it's
neutral independence. I
know that every American
will want his country to hon.
or its obligation to the point
that freedom and security of
the free world and of our
selves may be achieved"
Now, a year later, there is
plain evidence to doubt our
resolution on this point" We
are apparently writing off
any attempt to defend Laos,
concentrating now on South
Vietnam. And the Admins
tration is intent on forcing
upon the Laotian government
a coalition with the Commu-
niSts - taking Communists
into the cabinet. AS always,
the Communists are insist
ing that they control the
main levers of power, the
posts having to do with in
ternal and external security.
We have withheld our
monthly SO million of sub
sidy to Laos to force the
government into this coali-
ton.
PRESIDENT kennedy should
remember two things before
it is too late:
The history of President
Truman's effort to force
Chang Kai-shek into a CO.
alition with the Chinese
Communists, and his own re-
cent saying to the effect
IF you fool us once, your
fault. If you fool us twice,
our fault"
Jack BeaII.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-09
Pay Reform Plan

President Kennedy's Fed
eral pay reform plan is meet
ing with a somewhat cool re-
ception by Congress. He pro-
poses to give the bulk Of the
raises to the higher grades,
and practically ignores the
needs of the little fellow. I
don't think the majority of
our Congressman will take
this lying down.
You hear talk about the
Democrats being for the Git
tie fellow" and the Repub-
licans being for "big business"
President Kennedy, being a
Democrat. rather bellies this
statement. The Democrats
are the majority party in
power, and if they wish to
be considerate of the claims
of the little fellow, they had
better desert their command
er-in-chief on this issue. 1t
is all out of decent proper
ton to advocate a raise of
from five to ten thousand
dollars in the higher brackets
and only a token raise of a
couple hundred dollars in the
lower brackets. The little fell
low gets just as hungry as
the one higher up.
Another feature Of the pay
bill is the effective date Of
January /, 1868, to be then
spread over the next three
years. Shades of miserliness!
Why the delay in putting
the raise into effect? What
possible justification for this
deferred date? If a raise is
justified at all, to postpone
its effectiveness is ridiculous
and shameful. In effect, this
would be only a promise of
a pay raise, with nothing
tangible until 1868, and then
only about one-third of the
total raise.
The raise is needed now
and not in the nebulous fu-
ture. The President wants to
deaden the impact upon the
Treasury, but what about
the impact upon our pocket
books and purses when watt
ing for the raise to take eff
feet?
CT uauUho Uoxf
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-09
THE WORLD
What Are Geneva Detectives?
BY CROSBY S. MOVE
Foreign Correspondent Of The Stor

hope, there is no more opti-
mism about the prospects Of
the three-power talks on q
nuclear test treaty. 1t Is now
being suggested that a num-
Der Of other subjects may be
brought up, including such
wide-ranging problems as
Berlin, Laos and Wet Nam.
But though all these prob
lens, as the President says,
may have a bearing on dis
armament. 1t is hard to see
how they can be usefully dis
cussed in the context of a IT.
nation conference.
To complete the confusion,
the Russians for their part
have been limiting at a quite
different line of approach.
Apart from beating the West
with the nuclear test issue,
they are expected to revive
strongly the idea of a Euro
pean security pact" Need
less to say, any proposals for
military Encouragement" in
Central Europe and creation
Of a "denuclearized zone"
would be calculated for max
imum appeal to the neutrals
present and can be expected
to arouse maximum anxiety
among absent Western allies.
Despite these unpropitious
omenS, there are many who
argue that meetings such as
that at Geneva are not only
desirable but necessary. AS
a general proposition, it is
suggested that such confer
ences are a useful way Of
maintaining contact" with
the Russians and of keep
ing the lines of communica-
ton open" For the rest, it
goes without saying that ne
gotiating is what diplomats
are hired for and that, in any
case, it Is always better to
talk than to fight.
A'Public Contest
The fact remains, how
ever, that there is little con-
nection between normal di-
plomacy and these periodic
circuses that have become a
fixture of the modern inter-
national scene. Far from be-
ing necessary for diplomatic
communication they tend to
reduce this communication to
a kind of public contest.
To assume that they auto
matically result in easing of
international tension is to
deny the evidence of the last
conference studded decade.
No less than summit meet
ings, these conferences are
essentially forums for gen.
Grating pressure of one kind
or another. And no less than
with summit meetings the
results can be dangerous to
the side that engages itself
without a clear idea either
of its own detectives or those
of the opposition.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-09
Red Chino's Threat
Francis Murray.
New York, N. Y.

Both Russia and the
United States know full well
that the greatest danger to
each other is not each other.
China, the two headed
bird, is watching carefully. If,
by stretching the imagination,
we visualize Russia and
America going about, then
certainly both sides will suf-
fer heavily. At RusSia's back
door, China could march
across and feed on the So
Wet remnants. Russia knows
this.
When China gets "the
bomb" then Russia will still
be the mightiest power close
to her and China, can move
her masses of millions across
land, preceded by nuclear de-
struction. Russia knows this,
too.
While we and T ia are
racing to build W ms, we
are not harming one an
other, but building greater
power-power which can keep
China in check. China is our
greatest threat in the future
and Russia's greatest threat.
Both the United States and
Russia know this.
China is adding two people
every second of the day
Is million a year. There is
only so much food and so
much land. Someday she will
begin sWarming, like a too
full hive of bees. When this
happens, the whole world will
Shudder.
So let us race Russia If
we will, but bear in mind
that we and Russia may
someday have to stand back
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-09
Snipes at Frontier

Aren't we fortunate that
the Kennedy clan is large
enough to fulfill the numer-
GUS social commitments over
seas, to be on hand for every
filling station opening in this
country, and still find time
to promote the general well
fare of all of the voters?
The New Frontier not only
promises a chicken in every
pot, but also an aperitif, a
pot, a recipe book, a napkin,
a toothpick, and a demit-
aSSe. Now If JFK will come
up with a plan to provide a
maid, we will really be liv-
ing. But can we afford all Of
this togetherness?
Francis Murray.
New York, N. Y.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-09
PARIS.

PARIS.
Almost everyone, 1t seems,
is pretty well agreed on the
need for careful preparation
and clarity of purpose when
it comes to summit meetings.
AS President Kennedy said.
it is a poor idea to set off for
the summit without having
an understanding of what is
going to be accomplished"
And whoever eats what words
in the coming weeks, one
may hope, at least, that this
simple Judgment prevails.
At the same time, perhaps,
one may wonder if what ap-
plies to summit conferences
may not apply also to less
exalted international gather
ings. And whether, indeed,
the coming meeting in &C.
neva is not one Of the more
horrendous examples of I'M
preparedness Of recent his
tory.
Western Group Confused
No doubt there has been
preparation Of a kind. For
all such meetings, a large
number Of people put in long
hours working on arguments
and propositions that may be
advanced. No doubt there
has been high-level conSulta-
ton between the allies. But
if anyone really has any real
understanding of what may
be accomplished at Geneva, it
has certainly not been re-
Elected in any Of the public
statements that have been
made so far. And If there is
any real coordination be-
tween the British and Ameri-
can positions (not to mention
the French and German
views) it has not put an end
to confusion within the
Western camp.
On the contrary, there is
an evident and open dis
agreement on a number of
fairly important questions.
For British Prime Minister
Macmillan the Geneva meet
ing is apparently little more
than a prelude to a summit
conference which he almost
certainly will be under pres
sure to attend whether or
not there is prospect of an
agreement. Mr.. Macmillan
also speaks hopefully Of ere
markable advances in scien-
tific instruments" which may
facilitate the problem Of in
specting a nuclear test ban
a subject on which American
experts have the most point
ed reservations.
On the American side, so
far as it can be judged from
here, there is a tendency to
write off the possibilities of
discussion Of general dis
armament that is the formal
business of the Geneva con-
ference. Apart from a pious
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-09
A BOOK FOR TODAY.
furnished Brass in Indian Wars
BY DONALD MINTZ

Bureau directing them to
return to the reservations.
The Indians had a right to
ignore it. Neither did the
Army have the right to send
the expedition against the
rowing tribes, because the
power to declare war was
vested in Congress which
had not acted. The whole
campaign was a violation of
the treaty and Of the Con-
stitution of the United
States"
But legality often falls be-
fore force, and despite the
American defeats Of 1876,
time was on the Army's side.
In the end, of course, the In
dams lost and were ami
hilated or confined to the
reservations.
Mr.. Vaughn's sketch Of
the background is clear and
brief, for his main interest
lies in Col. Reynolds expe-
dition which is treated in
the greatest possible detail.
Mr.. Vaughn has drawn on
every available report, in
Guiding those of a newspaper
correspondent who went
along, the official reports to
the various commands in
volved which are reproduced
in the appendices and the
courtS-martial records. 10
In addition, he has care
fully gone over the battlefield
with a metal detector and
by locating old cartridge
cases and the like has sue
ceeded in establishing the
exact locations of the vari-'
GUS phases of the action with
great accuracy. a
THE BOOK then is essen
TALLY a minute bit of mill
tary history filled with de-
tails not of the day-to-day
but of the minute-to-minute
life of the officers, men and
their civilian scouts and
packers. 2.
There are 10 pages on the
proper management of pack
mules literally sprinkled
with quotations from an arti-
Gle on the subject in the
Army and Navy Journal
for August 20, 1881, and an
official book known as
Manual of Instructions in
Pack Transportation" by
Henry w. Daily, packmaster,
USA.
There is a good deal of
discussion of the question of
the alleged failure of the
campaign and Mr.. Vaughn
is very much on Col. Reyn-
olds' side. The point of view
is well supported; it is shown
that the colonel was badly
misled by the reports of his
scouts and therefore devised
tactics that could not pos
Sibly be carried out.
Where are details the life
blood of history and where
are they impedimenta? There
els no objective answer. In
this case, lovers of military
history will be fascinated but
others, including those in
tereSted in Indians and the
West in general, will find the
book too much of a good
thing.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-09
On Aidinq Tito

Your recent editorial,
Helping Yugoslavia," de-
Tended our long-standing
policy on trading with Yugo-
slavia and extending eco
nomic and military aid to
them. Because it is long
standing" should it go on
forever when found want
ing? You claim that Yugo-
slavia has voted with the
free world" or abstained in
the U. N. as if our policy of
lavish gifts to Tito could &C
tually be given credit for
these abstentions. When did
Yugoslavia ever vote on a
meaningful issue with the
free world?
You claim Tito has been
following a highly flexible
policy" etc. Tito follows an
apparently flexible policy be-
cause he knows that as long
as he maintains an "appar-
ent" air of basic difference
over "MoScow's theological
dictates" he will continue to
get United States aid. But,
as he himself admits, he is
a Communist first, last and
always. To say that Tito
represents the Outstanding
example of successful def
ance of Soviet impe-
rialism" certainly shows
to what excuses the Tito
ism" theory is now being
carried. Hungary was such
an outstanding example but
we didn't give those valiant
anti-Communists one cap pis-
toll. Hungary showed to the
world that escape from the
Soviet system was possible
but we let her die a cruel
and hideous death. Commu-
niSm reigns supreme in Yu-
goslavia today.
To claim that the jets
going to Yugoslavia are
"obSolescent" and, therefore,
not a threat to the free
world is simply a play on
words. AS long as they can
fly and shoot they are a
threat to the free world. The
lost souls of Yugoslavia are
kept in subjugation by those
"obSolescent" weapons. Tito
is our avowed enemy and
yet we send him wheat, tanks,
planes, howitzers and trucks,
to mention only a few items
and we have given Tito'S pi-
lots training courses in mill
tary craft in United States
uniforms. Well done?
For whose victory do we
think Tito is now working?
For whose victory will he
work if fighting begins? How
many Americans will fall vic
tim to those "obsoleScent"
weapons? Time will tell just
as it did in the case of the
scrap metal sent to Japan
in the 1930s.
In his book Tito, Mos
cows Trojan Horse" DR.. S.
Draskovich ably points out
the fallacy of our past and
present policy towards Tito.
With more than ample docu-
mentation he shows how
Tito's allegedly different"
communism has been used to
penetrate the defenses of the
West and disarm it.
MelchiOr F. r. Savarese, MD.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-09

THE REYNOLDS CAM
PAIGN ON POWDER
RIVER. BY ]. w. Vaughn.
239 PIP, illustrated. CUni-
versity Of Oklahoma Press;
So
Early on the morning of
March II, 1876, a detachment
of troops under command Of
Col. Joseph Joshua Reynolds
attacked an Indian village on
the Powder River in what is
now Southeast Montana, as
part of a campaign to confine
rowing Indians to specified
reservations. The village,
which was universally and
incorrectly assumed to be
that of the famous Oglala
Sioux chief, Crazy Horse, was
burned and some of the In
dams horses were captured.
Then the troops moved back
to the their base, Fort Fet-
terman. some so miles from
what is now Casper, Wyo.
This was 1.-THE Reynolds
Campaign on Powder River"
It's immediate consequence so
far as the key military par
Elephants were concerned was
a series of bitter courts-mar-
tial with charges and coun-
tercharges freely aired in the
press.
It was the contention of
Gen. George Crook, whose
third person report said he
accompanied the expedition,
not as its immediate COM
mander, but in his capacity
as department commander"
that the campaign was seri-
ouSly miSmanaged.
Col. Reynolds, on the other
hand. who said that the ex-
petition was Commanded by
the department commander,
Brig. Gen. George Crook, i'm
mediate command of the
troops being assigned to
(myself)," commended that he
had done everything possible
under the circumstances.
Nevertheless, Col. Reynolds
was convicted of most-not
all-of the charges, and on
this note Mr.. Vaughn's story
comes to an end.
THE YEAR 1876 was one
of bitter Indian warfare. On
June II, Gen. Crook and over
1900 men were defeated at
Rosebud Creek. And the bat
tie of the Little Big Horn,
otherwise known as Clusters
last stand" took place on
June 25.
The immediate cause of all
this was the discovery of gold
in the Black Hills in 1874. In
1868, this land had been set
aside for the Indians by
solemn treaty, made, as Mr..
Vaughn points out, "by the
President with the concur
ence of two-thirds of the
Senators present." But gold
brought white men and white
men brought trouble.
THE Qndian) warriors"
writes Mr.. Vaughn, fortified
by the consciousness of right,
were fighting for their homes
and families. The solemn
treaty with the Indian tribes
certainly could not have been
revoked by a mere depart
mental order of the Indian
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-09
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry iUriterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
tiers are subject to condensa-
ton. Those not used toiH be
returned only 1Dhen accom-
panied by SELF addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-09

to back against an over
whelining mass Of humanity
-Chlna-that will care not
which side satisfies its hun
ger.
Morfiv, Ruvho,.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-09

Virginia residents and business interests
annually will undergo three months of
absurd and annoying time conflict and
confusion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-09
Dubious Diplomacy

Martin Buxbaum
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1962-09-27
JUDGE OF ORPHANS COURT--vote for 3


They $50 a a
RICHARD W. Of
BIS
of
Experience
Spring.
University 1888
OF District Of Columbia JUS Supreme
efa practice including Estates Estate Planning Wills
RICHARD T. with
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1962-09-27


students wills
Attorney
District of Columbia and Maryland attorney
experience guardian
=
n
Elected
times of death Lifelong o. County
JOHN TOOMEY Kensington AHomeyaLaw
at Catholic University School