davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-04-04
House Unit Approves
Police Dog Increase
Responsible Citizens Satisfied
With Cunine Corps, Murray Says
BY JOHN McKELWAY
SOAAAN 4AASAAGA"h
Star staff Writer

House District subcommittee today approved bill
authorizing as many dogs may necessary" for the
canine corps of the Police Department.
The subcommittee, headed by Representative Davis
Democrat Of Georgia. sent the bill to the full District Com
mttee after accepting amendment this effect by the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-04-04
He Was Scapegoat,
Tells Probe
Ex-GeneruI
Sees Red
Conspiracy
By CECIL HOLLAND
Star Staff Writer

Former Maj. Gen. Edwin A.
Walker charged today that the
country's armed forces ARE
paralyzed by our national pol
icy Of 'no-win' and retreat
from victory"
The 52-year-oh Walker, who
resigned from the Army last
November. described himself
as a victim Of this policy.
Il am charged with Moth
ing" he said. "I have been
found guilty Of nothing. 1 have
been punished for nothing"
In a broadside delivered as
he began his testimony in the
Senate "muzzling" investiga-
ton, the former general
charged that our will to resist
communism is fast being
Sapped," and said:
Il was Scapegoat OF an un-
written policy of collaboration
and collision with the inter-
national Communist conspir-
acy. Behind this unprecedented
move to undermine our Ameri-
can way and convince the mill
tary that they must support
collision are individuals whose
actions endanger the security
of our country"
Hearing Room Packed
Mr.. Walker first identified
himself by saying II am Gen.
eral-Mr. Edwin A. Walker
and then added, II was very
happy to be called mister" He
testified in a packed Senate
Caucus Room. The audience was
cautioned by Chairman Stennis.
Democrat of Mississippi, against
demonstrations of any kind.
The witness swung into a 81
page statement without indi-
eating or naming the individ-
ualS whose actions he said are
endangering the country's
security.
The former general, who was
admonished after an Army in
vestigation reported that he
had sought to influence the
1860 congressional election,
traced his difficulties to the
hard anti-Communist training
program he instituted for his
troops when he commanded the
oath Division in Germany. He
said he was only executing
written directives from the Ma
tional Security Council and the
Army.
Calls Treatment Shocking
THE result of what happened
to me is that there is today no
effective program Of psyche
logical warfare training in the
United States armed services"
Mr.. Walker said.
"The traditional civilian con-
troll of the military has been
perverted and extended into a
commissar-like training in the
United States armed services"
He charged that what he
described as IAN unwritten pol
icy Of collaboration and collu-
sion" had superseded all writ
ten directives and "our tradi-
tional policy Of complete under
of our enemy"
He charged that he received
shocking" treatment from high
Government officials which led
him eventually to resign from
the Army.
THE whole proceeding
against me-" he declared, was
a masterpiece of pretense at
justice coupled with a total dis
regard of real justice.
The witness, who is closely
identified with the ultra-con-
sentative movement, said Pres
ident Kennedy was both prose-
cutor and judge" in his case.
He accused Secretary Of De-
tense Mcnamara of misuSing
the report of an Army investi-
cation which said he had
sought to influence the out
come Of the 1860 congressional
See INQUIRY, Page AS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-04-04

Take advantage Of The Stur's
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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-04-04
Weather Forecast

District and vicinity-Clear tonight. low in
the upper sos and near 80 in the suburbs
with frost. Fair and warmer tomorrow.
High, So, at 2 pm. today; low. 80. at
am. today.
Full Report on Pess BIZ
Evening star., 1962-01-07
Executions OF Juveniles Allowed in Is States

exactly that, and there can be no
justice in executing a child, any
child, anywhere" they said.
The juvenile court is not a
court in the usual sense. Basic
ally, it is a place where a hearing
is conducted to decide what &C
ton can be taken in a case in
volving juvenile.
The courts fundamental aim
was stated in the laws by which
Illinois created the first juvenile
court in the Nation in 1899. 1t is
that the care, custody and dis
cipline of a child found to be
delinquent, dependent or neglect
ed) shall approximate as nearly
as may be that which should be
given by its parents"
THE truly significant innova-
ton of the Illinois act was that
children charged with law viola
tions were not to be treated as
criminals but were to be accorded
the same individualized assistance
as dependent and neglected chill
dren," says Judge Orm Ketcham
Of the D. C. Juvenile Court.
It marked an important de-
parture from previous English
and American chancery proceed
ings which had provided protec-
ton only to those children whose
distress was the result of the &C
tions of their parents rather than
the result of their own delinquent
acts"
There is no uniformity to the
Evening star., 1962-01-07

ways been more interested in my
work here" he said reflectively.
Once his friends began booming
him for Secretary of the Navy.
"1've got all I can say grace over
right here" said Mr.. Vinson. An
other time he was suggested for
Secretary of Defense. "Shucks,"
said Mr.. Vinson jocularly, I'D
rather run the Pentagon from up
here"
But any joking aside, the vet
eran laWmaker, who prefers to
make the laws and see that poll
cies are carried out, comes per-
hapS as near as any man, including
Secretaries of Defense, in making
some sense out of the vast and
sprawling defense establishment.
While he has fought for defense
funds, first for the Navy and
later for all the services, Mr.. Vim
son remains unimpressed with mil
itary brass"
With top officials, military or
civilian, he can be casual. Nov
admiral" he once told a witness,
mo hemming and having. Let's
get to the bottom of this"
Mr.. Vinson, who had never
seen battleship before he came
to Congress from his landlocked
middle Georgia district, likes to
run taut committee, as the
Navy does it's ships. Rambling
witnesses tax his patience; he
Evening star., 1962-01-07

eide with statutes setting juvenile
court Jurisdictions. The result is
that while a State may consider
a 15-year-old as a child, it may
at the same time be able to hold
a l0year-old responsible for GER
tain crimes.
Because of the difference in
laws and their Interpretation
there is a hodge-podge of legal
possibilities that apparently con-
tradict each States laws concern
ing juvenile court Jurisdiction.
In New York, a l5-year-old
charged with a serious crime can
be transferred to jurisdiction of
the criminal court.
Georgia's juvenile court juris-
diction applies to all those 16 and
under regardless of the offene,
but the State Supreme Court has
ruled that in capital cases the
Jurisdiction belongs to the Superior
Court. This permitted the trial of
Preston Cobb, jr., and could be-
termine what course will be taken
in two other murders, one COM
mitted by a 16-year- old Negro boy
and the other by 15-year-old
white boy. Sparked by the Cobb
case. there's a growing movement
in Georgia to raise the age limit
of persons liable to capital pun
iShment to 18. Gov. Ernest Van
diver who has no clemency
powers-has expressed belief the
State Pardon and Parole Board
would commute Cobb'S death SEN
tence if such a law is enacted.
Evening star., 1962-01-07
BY WILLIAM r. FRYE
Contributing Writer

UNITED NATIONS, N. Y.-The
United Nations 5000 million bond
issue is likely to precipitate some
thing approaching a worldwide
great debate" on the U. N.-itS
authority, its functions, and it's
financing.
Each parliament which is in
vited to subscribe to the issue
will logically ask its foreign Of
flee:
. What is the U. N. going to
do with kitty this size?
. Why does an organization
supposedly financed by dues have
to borrow money to pay its bills?
. If some members are in ar
rears on their dues, why should
the rest step in and take up the
slack?
o Is it in our national interest
to help keep the U. N. afloat?
The lines for this debate are
likely to be drawn in much the
same way in Washington, Ottawa,
Tokyo and New Delhi.
Already President Kennedy's
announcement that he will re-
quest authorization to buy $1OO
million of the bonds has set the
stage for major row in Wash
ington.
Those who want the U. N. to
have teeth" and who have con-
fidence that that power would
be exercised constructively, are
likely to support the bond pur-
chase.
Those who fear the policies of
Evening star., 1962-01-07

age limits which would bring
person under jurisdiction of the
juvenile court, or bar him.
New York'S children's court is
limited to those Is and younger,
while in California and Nevada
jurisdiction technically extends to
those 20 and younger. In States
such as Alaska, Florida, Georgia,
Illinois. Kentucky, Maine, Texas
and Massachusetts,, jurisdiction
covers those 16 and under, and
in Alabama, Arizona, Hawaii,
Idaho, Maryland, Virginia, Min
nesota, New Hampshire and New
Jersey, II and under.
Definition of Child
These ages are keyed to vary
ing definitions of Child" and
Juvenile" and minor" The broad
standard came from common law.
Under the common law yard
stick, children of 7 were deemed
absolutely innocent-th that is, lack
ing the mental competence re-
quired for criminal liability.
Children between 7 and IA were
presumed to lack such capacity.
But this could be overcome by
showing that the child was Suf-
ficiently intelligent to understand
what he had done. At IA, a child
was presumed to have adult in
telligence and stand liable for his
actions.
The common law groupings,
which largely set age standards
Tor criminal capacity, do not COIN
Evening star., 1962-01-07

in the General Assembly.
First steps were taken last
month to lay the foundation for
such a move. The Assembly
asked the World Court whether
Congo and UNEF dues consti-
tuted a legal obligation on all
U. N. members under the pro-
vision of the Charter which re-
moves voting rights from coun-
tries two years in arrears.
There is little doubt the court
will answer yes" With this
legal basis Tor action, and with
direct financial self-interest as
a motive, a considerable number
of U. N. countries probably could
be persuaded to stand up to the
Kremlin and shake the collection
basket under its nose.
There is another circumstance,
too, which encourages hope of
such a stand. Several non-Com-
munist countries which are most
in arrears are among the most
unpopular members of the U. N.
South Africa and Belgium are
two. Nationalist China, which
after Russia is the biggest debtor
Russia owes $42 million; China
S14 million) is unpopular with a
Sizable faction of the Assembly.
Thus many Afro-Asian coun-
tries which might be inclined to
so easy on Russia, if she were
the only target. would be eager
to put the bite on these others.
The reason they have not done
so before is that many of them
are themselves in arrears. No
fewer than 80 of the 104 member
states owe the U. N. money.
Evening star., 1962-01-07
Photo

has been known to bring their
remarks to a close with a pound
of his gavel.
Once Senator Engle, Democrat
of California, was a witness be-
fore his committee. The preced-
ing witness, said Mr.. Engle in
opening his remarks, stated the
case so well that he felt he could
add nothing to it. THANK you,
Mr.. Engle," Mr.. Vinson snapped.
On With the Business
From time to time some men,
berS of the 36-man Armed Serv-
ices Committee have challenged
the benign autocrat who sits at
the head of the table. Mr.. Vinson
listens, smiles, and after a time
says: "All right, now let's get on
with the business" At one time
a colleague demanded the enun-
citation of a foreign policy to
guide the Nation once and for all
THE only way to handle this
foreign policy" Mr.. VinSon re-
torted, "is from Saturday night
to Saturday night"
The man who was once describ-
ed as the long, loud and lonely"
advocate of big Navy was born
near Milledgeville. Ga, November
18, 1883. He received law degree
from Mercer University in Macon
in 1904 and began practice in Mil
Evening star., 1962-01-07
District Criminal Insanity Law:
The Issue Before Supreme Court

distinction between civil commit
ments and those under the GRIM
NAL insanity law. The need for
prompt confinement pending OBJ
Servation of the patients mental
condition the Government ar
CUES, is far more compelling in a
case where the individual has
committed anti-Social acts and
may very well continue to do so
unless treated.
Contending that a pre-commit-
ment hearing after a verdict of
acquittal on insanity grounds is
not required on Constitutional
grounds, the Government brief
points out since 1900, judges have
been ordering those acquitted on
grounds of insanity to be held in
custody as dangerous. Implicit in
the determination of not guilty
by reason of insanity, the Gov
ernment argues, is the finding
that the defendant actually COM
mitted the acts with which he
was charged.
Expert Testimony
To underline the difference be-
tween the mental patient who
goes through civil procedure and
the one who goes through Grim
1nal courts to st. Elizabeths, the
Government cites one of the many
experts who testified in Congress
for the mandatory commitment
law.
"A man who is in a hospital
because he has committed a crime
for which he has been exculpat-
ed," said DR.. Manfred S. Gutt-
macher, one Of the Nations lead
ing authorities on criminal in
sanity, "is a different individual
from the individual who has been
sent there as a mental case"
That's one of the major points
the Government will argue when
the Supreme Court hears the
case later this month.
Evening star., 1962-01-07
Senior Member Of the House

ledgeville. He served as county
solicitor, in the Georgia House Of
Representative ana as county
judge.
He was in the midst of his
term as judge when the congress
sional seat in his district became
vacant in 1914. Mr.. VinSon won
1t and has been in Congress ever
since. He became chairman of the
Naval Affairs CommitteaaNn 1882
and the Armed Services Commit
tee after the congressional re-
organization following World War
II.
Shortly after he became head
OF Naval Affairs Mr.. Vinson pres
ented $6l6 million Navy bill
calling for 10-year replacement
and rebuilding program. In that
and succeeding years he led the
fight for a strong Navy which was
able to rebound from the Pearl
Harbor disaster to become vital
factor in winning World War II.
The Committee Merger
In the merger of the military
and naval affairs committee into
Armed Service, the long time
Navy champion faced no problem.
Now" he said, "Im interested
in all the services"
He has proved this in many
ways. In 1949 he introduced and
pushed through legislation calling
for a 70-group Air Force. Last
year he proposed additional steps
to strengthen the country's air
arm.
For all his prestige, Mr.. Vinson
has been one of the most retiring
members of Congress, as far as
the public is concerned. His wife,
long an invalid, died in 1850.
While she was i'll, he refused all
social engagements to remain at
home with her. After her death
he saw no reason to change his
ways.
He still lives at 9 Primrose
street, Chevy Chase, Md. A man
of simple tastes, Mr.. Vinson likes
to do his own marketing at times.
1t is not unusual to see him in
market near Chevy Chase Circle.
When Congress adjourns, Mr..
VinSon heads home in Georgia
while many of his colleagues
travel to far places in the world.
He has never been to Europe but
hopes to go some time. I'm not
much on travelling" Mr.. Vinson
explains. Il send my committee
out and I require them to submit
written reports. We find them
very helpful"
If things run true to form, Mr.
Vinson will have no trouble in
setting a record Of so years in
the House. Only about once in
decade has he had opposition in
his 16-county district in central
Georgia and in his last two cam
paignS he carried every county in
the district.
The reason is not hard to find.
When he recently returned to
Washington he was asked if he
had a pleasant visit home. Il
always enjoy seeing my constitu-
ents," Mr.. Vinson replied.
Evening star., 1962-01-07

upon youngsters drew sharp con-
demnation at recent University
of Chicago conference on Justice
for the Child" More than 10 of
the Nations leading juvenile court
jurists, attorneys, probation Off
GERS, educators, welfare and social
workers at seminar expressed
outrage that any State retains
and uses the power to execute a
minor. Justice for the child means
Evening star., 1962-01-07
By BERNARD GAVZA
Associated Press Staff Writer

In Georgia's Reidsville prison.
a 15-year-old Negro boy, Preston
Cobb, jr., is Willing away days
that can't be long enough for him.
He is under sentence of death
for killing a 70-year-old white
farmer.
There have been protests and
appeals from all over the world,
moving the case from the obscur-
ity of a rural county in Georgia
to the spotlighted arena of public
controversy.
The issue is not over the boys
guilt. 1t is over his age, and the
States legal capacity to execute
a child.
Criticism has focused on laws
and legal rulings which permitted
the State to try Cobb as an adult.
At the center of the issue, there
is this question:
At what point is a youngster
too young to be executed?
In Georgia, by law, the death
penalty can be given to child as
young as 10.
But Georgia is not alone in
this category.
An Associated Press survey of
legal possibilities in criminal pro-
ceedings involving children shows:
In 16 States it is legally pos
Sible to execute children as young
as 7.
In 8 States, death could be
given children of 8.
In 3, including Georgia, young
sters of 10.
In the remaining 10 States hav-
ing the death penalty, the mini
mum age ranges from IL to 18.
All SO States possess the power
and authority to try children as
adults and give them the same
punishment as adults in cases of
capital crimes.
In substance, this is the situa-
ton in the United States today:
Despite the protection given
children through the juvenile
court SyStems-in which they
cannot be tried as criminals -
all States can prosecute and pun
iSh children as though they are
adults.
The trial of children in adult
criminal courts is not the scheme
of vengeful prosecutors but ideal
ly and theoretically another way
to give the child the greater pro-
lection of Constitutional rights.
The irony is that this legal ma
chinery to protect children can
cut both ways.
Justice for the Child
The machinery is not rusty by
any means. Sometimes it delivers
death; most times prison SEN
tences that in some cases amount
to living death.
At least 70 teen-agers have
been executed in the last half
century.
The youngest was a Negro boy
of IA, George Stinney, jr., who
was electrocuted for murder June
16, 1914, in South Carolina. Few
females of any age have been put
to death, but one was a Negro girl
of II. Virginia Christian was ex-
ecuted for murder in Virginia's
electric chair August 16, 1912.
The capacity to inflict death
Evening star., 1962-01-07
PORTRAIT OF MR.. VINSON
BY CECIL HOLLAND

When Congress reconvenes on
Wednesday Representative Carl
VinSon, Democrat of Georgia, will
take his seat in the House as the
ranking member.
Now in his 48th consecutive
year in the House, the 78-year-old
chairman Of the Armed Services
Committee became the oldest
member in point of service on
the death of Speaker Rayburn.
He is senior by more than eight
years to his three nearest COM
petitors - Chairman Cannon of
the Appropriations Committee,
Chairman Celler of the Judiciary
Committee and Representative
Taber of New York, ranking Re-
publican on the Appropriations
Committee.
Mr.. Vinson, who has been deal
ing with the country's defense
matters since 1917 when he be-
came a member of the House
Naval Affairs Committee, has
served under eight Presidents.
At intervals in his long career
in the House Mr.. Vinson talked
at times of retiring but he never
got around to it. When Congress-
ional pay was raised in 1855 from
$4,000 to $22,500, Mr.. Vinson
drily remarked: well, if they are
going to pay that kind of money
in Congress, I think I'll make a
career of it,"
One More Term
Mr.. Vinson has different ideas
now. I'm going to ask my con-
stituents," he said recently, "to
send me back for one more term
at least, so I can round out so
consecutive years in Congress"
If that comes to pass, (and few
things seem more certain than his
re-election) Mr.. Vinson will have
set a record unmatched in Ameri-
can history. Senator Hayden,
Democrat of Arizona, already has
reached the half-century mark of
Congressional service but it has
been split between the House and
Senate.
Being the Houses senior mem
ber will mean little if any change
in Mr.. WILSON'S well-ordered ways.
Shortly before Christmas he re-
turned, as customary, from his
600-acre Georgia farm to get ready
for the second session. 1--WE have
a great deal to do" said Mr.. Vim
son. $50 came back to get things
moving"
Appearing in the best of health,
MIR. VinSon scheduled a series of
hearings, including the readiness
of the Nations reserve forces, to
start right after Congress con-
veneS.
No. ] Authority
In his long service Mr.. Vinson
has been happy to remain in the
place he has carved out for him
self as probably the country's
foremost authority on defense
matters. He has always refused to
consider moving into high office
Evening star., 1962-01-07

be used - in part, at least - to
make up the deficit caused by
Russian, French, Belgian, South
African, Chinese, and other ar
rears. That deficit already
amounts to more than $10O mil
ion.
There was plenty of grumbling
about this in the debate which
preceded approval of the loan.
No one likes to be taxed because
others have welshed on their
debts.
But no one came up with
better plan.
And there is a bright side to
the grumbling. Every country
which has to dig into its treas
ury to help amortize the loan will
have a motive of Self-intereSt to
demand that Russia and other
Welshing countries pay up.
If properly handled, this in
dignation could SNOWFALL into a
major "pay-up" campaign. Per-
haps no amount of political pres
sure could force the Kremlin to
pay its dues; but then again,
perhaps it could.
The longer the Kremlin held
out, the madder the U. N. ma
jority would be likely to get. At
the very least, this would be a
propaganda advantage for the
West.
Evening star., 1962-01-07
Why the u. N. Must Ask Biz Bond Issue

the U, N. majority, and doubt it's
discretion, are likely to oppose
giving the majority so much fl
nancial elbow room.
Financing for Forces
The 5000 million would be, in
effect, a peace-and-security fund.
1t would be used to keep finan-
cially solvent the U. MS forces
in the Congo and the Mideast. 1t
could also be used to finance a
new force if the need arose.
No one likes the idea of bor-
rowing money for this purpose;
a world peace organization OBJ
viously should not have to float
a loan in order to meet its obli-
cations. The best that is said
for the loan is that it is the
lesser of two evils.
The alternative would be to let
the Soviet Union and certain
other countries kill U. N. peace
keeping operations and for
the indefinite future simply by
withholding the money to pay
for them.
Evening star., 1962-01-07
Motions Causing Deficit

The bond issue, however, has
this great disadvantage: it repre-
sents double taxation against the
civic minded members of the
U. n.
These members not only will
be obliged to pay their own con-
tribution to the Congo and UNEF,
but also will have to chip in to
help pay off the loan.
And the loan, of course, will
Evening star., 1962-01-07
No. ! Authority

In his long service Mr.. Vinson
has been happy to remain in the
place he has carved out for him.
self as probably the country'S
foremost authority on defense
matters. He has always refused to
consider moving into high office
in the executive branch. "I've al
Evening star., 1962-01-07
On Removing Voting Rights

An aroused U. N. majority
would have available, any time
it chose to use it, the weapon
of removing Russia's voting rights