davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-03

Once they were kept in con-
tanners marked with skull and
croSsbones; the infrequent oc-
casions Of their use were
marked with utmost care that
they should come In contact
with the target and with moth
ing else. With the develop
ment Of the new organic in
secticides and the abundance
Of surplus planes after the Sec
ond World War. all this was
forgotten. Although today's
poisons are more dangerous
than any known before, they
have amazingly become some
thing to be showered down in
discriminatory from the skies.
Not only the target insect
or plant, but anything hui
man or nonhuman - within
range Of the chemical fallout
may know the sinister touch
Of the poison. Not only forests
and cultivated fields are spray
ed, but towns and cities as
well.
A good many people now
have misgivings about the
aerial distribution Of lethal
chemicals over millions Of acres,
and two mass-spraying cam
paigns undertaken In the late
1950's have done much to In
crease these doubts. These were
the campaigns against the
gypsy moth In the northeastern
States and the fire ant in the
South. Neither Is q native in
sect but both have been in
this country for many years
without creating o situation
calling for desperate measures
Yet drastic action was suddenly
taken against them. under the
end justifies- the-means philos-
ophy that has too long directed
the control divisions Of our De-
partment of Agriculture.
Moth SfiFS Concern
The gypsy moth. o native OF
Europe, has been In the United
States for nearly o hundred
years. In 1859 q French scien-
tist, Leopold Trouvelot, acct
dentally allowed . few Of these
moths to escape from his labo-
ratory in Medford, Mass. where
he was attempting to cross
them with silkworms. Little by
little the gypsy moth has spread
throughout New England. II
also occurs sporadially in New
Jersey, where 1t was introduced
in 1911 on o shipment Of spruce
trees from Holland, and ir
Michigan, where its method Of
entry is not known.
The New England hurricane
Of 1888 carried 1t into Pennsyl.
vania and New York. but tn,
Adirondacks have generally
served as q barrier to its west.
ward advance, being forestec
with species not attractive to it
The task Of combining the
gypsy moth to the northeastern
corner Of the country has beer
accomplished by . variety o.
methods, and in the nearly ons
hundred years since its arriva
on this continent the fear thai
it would invade the great hard,
wood forests Of the Southern
Appalachians has not beer
justified.
\ Thirteen parasites and pred,
ators were imported from
abroad and successfully estab
lished in New England. Thu
Agriculture Department itsel
has credited these Importation
with appreciably reducing tn
frequency and destructiveneS
Of gypsy moth outbreaks. Thi
natural control. plus quaran
tine measures and local spray
ing, achieved what the depart
ment in 1855 described as "Out
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-03
BY RACHEL CARSON

From small beginnings over
farmlands and forests the scope
of aerial spraying has widened
and its volume has increased
so that 1t has become what q
British ecologist recently called
IAN amazing rain Of death"
upon the surface Of the earth.
Our attitude toward poisons
has undergone Q subtle change.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-03

held that "the alarms that
many experts and responsible
officials have raised about the
perils Of DOT underline the
public Importance Of this case"
The suit brought by the Long
Island citizens at least served
to focus public attention on
the growing trend to mass ap-
plication Of insecticides. and on
the power and inclination Of
the control agencies to disre-
gard supposedly inviolate prop
erty rights Of private citizens.
The gypsy moth programs
were marked by many acts Of
irresponsibility. Because the
spray planes were paid by the
gallon rather than by the acre
there was no effort to be con-
sentative, and many properties
were sprayed not once but sew
eral times. Contracts for aerial
spraying were in ct least one
case awarded to an out-of-
State firm with no local adj
dress, which had not complied
with the legal requirement OF
registering with State officials
for the purpose of establishing
legal responsibility. In this ex-
ceedingly slippery situation,
citizens who suffered direct fl
nanoial loss from damage to
apple orchards or bees dis
covered that there was no one
After the disastrous 1851
spraying the, program was
abruptly and drastically cur
tailed, with vague statements
about "evaluating" previous
work and testing alternative
insecticides. Instead Of the 3.s
million acres sprayed in 1857
the treated areas fell to 5 mil
lion in 1858 and to about 100,-
900 acres in 1859, 1860. and
1861.
Moths Reoppeor
During this interval, the con-
troll agencies must have founC
news from Long Island dis.
quieting. The gypsy moth had
reappeared there in numbers
The expensive spraying opera
ton that had cost the depart.
ment dearly in public conf
dence and good will-the opera
ton that was intended to wip'
out the gypsy moth for ever
had in reality accomplished
nothing at all.
Meanwhile, the Department
Plant Pest Control men hat
temporarily forgotten gyps!
moths, for they had been bus!
Launching an even more am
bilious program in the South
The word eradication" still
came easiy from the Depart
ment's Monograph machines
this time the press releases werI
promising the eradication o
the fire ant.
The fire ant. an insect name,
for its fiery sting. seems Il
have entered the United State
from South America by way o
the port of Mobile. Ala. wher
lit was discovered shortly afte
the end Of the first world wal
BY 1928 1t had spread into tn
suburbs of Mobile and there
after continued an invasion
that has now carried 1t int
most Of the Southern States.
i During most Of the 40-od
years since its arrival in tn
United States the fire an
seems to have attracted littl
attention. Only two States list
ed it among their 20 most i'm
portant insect pests, and thes
placed 1t near the bottom Q
the list. No official or privat
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-03

TOMORROW: Bsyond drssms Of
the BoFsios.
The Stars l2-port seriolizotioa
Of Silent Spring" began SVndoy
November IS. Boek copies may be
ordered BY phoning the Cireuldtioa
Department, Lincoln 5000.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-12-03

Tomorrow: BrOkss Home.
Navajo times., 1962-06-13
NecU Bank
Building Begun
at WinsLOeU

Work is progressing on the
foundations for the new First Ma
tional Bank of Holbrook building
on West Second Street in Wins
low.
No completion date has yet
been announced for the building
which will house the Winslow
branch of the bank which only
recently received permi ssion for
branch here in Window Rock.
Winslow contractor Harry Han
COCK has the construction contract
and is proceeding with the work.
Navajo times., 1962-06-13
OFFICE SET

The Interior Department said
on June S, the Bureau ofReclama-
tion will establish an office at
Cortez, Colorado, to handle con-
struction work on the Colorado
River Storage Project transmits
sion system in southwestern Colo
RADIO and northern New Mexico.
Navajo times., 1962-06-13
GIVE NOTICE

Legal notice must be given
natural parents in child adoption
proceedings, even though parental
rights may have been severed by a
court, the attorney generals office
advised the State Welfare Depart
ment June 4.
Evening star., 1962-12-27
Agency Pool
Plans Space
A-PoWerUnit
By the AssoeIatsd Pre,.

The Air Force and the
Atomic Energy Commission
have pooled their efforts to
produce a nuclear reactor to
provide power for space mis-
sions.
The Acc announced today
that under agreement with the
Air Force it will have full re-
sponsibility for research and
development on the power unit.
The Air Force is charged with
responsibility for integrating 1t
into defense space systems.
An Air Force officer, Col.
Elwood M. Douthett, will be
assigned to the Acc as program
manager, the Acc said.
Before the agreement was
reached the Acc was working
on a unit known as SNAP-50,
standing for Systems for Nu-
clear Auxiliary Power. and the
Air Force was working on
SPUR. for Space Power Unit
Reactor. The new program is
TO be called SNAP-50/SPUR.
The aim Of the program is
a power unit in the 300-l 900
kilowatt range that will be ca
pable Of operating unattended
for at least 10000 hours, or ap-
proximately II months. II
would weigh between 10 and
20 pounds per kilowatt.
Evening star., 1962-12-27

TOKYO. Dec. ~ (AP) For
eign Minister Masayoshi Ohira
said today the Japanese gov
ernment cannot grant q NATo
request TO halt the export OF
oil pipes TO the Soviet Union,
II can well appreciate the
feelings OF the NATo coun-
tries" Mr.. Ohira said. but the
Japanese government has nc
legal power 10 stop private en-
terprise from exporting pipes 10
the Soviet Union.
THE problem Is up 10 the
independent judgment OF pri-
vate enterprise. II is not a legal
problem"
The North Atlantic Treaty
Organization informed Japan
Of the Western alliances de-
cision 10 stop the export Of pipe
for the network Of pipelines
Russia is building toward the
West. NATo asked japan "a
Evening star., 1962-12-27
NATO Plea Fails, japan
To Sell Pipes to Russia

cooperate. The Western allies
fear that Russia is getting
ready 10 flood Western markets
with cheap oil.
The Soviet Union was Japan's
second largest buyer OF piping
In 1861, exceeded by the United
States. The Russians imported
sic, $4,000 worth OF various
kinds OF steel pipe from Japan
Tass, the Soviet news agency
today termed the NATo request
to japan open United States
interference in Japan'S internal
affairs. II said the American
pressure was an attempt 10
hamper development % normal
trade between japan and the
Soviet Union.
1T is indicative that this
United States pressure has
been brought to bear on japan
at a time when Soviet-Japa-
nese trade talks are being held
in Moscow" Tass said.
Evening star., 1962-12-27
DR.. Sheppard
Loses Appeal
For Lie Test

COLUMBUS, Ohio, dec. 27
(AP). - DR.. Samuel H. Shep-
pard refused to submit to lie
detector tests during investiga-
ton of his wife's murder and
so, the Ohio Supreme Court
has decided, he forfeited any
right to be given such tests
now.
The Supreme Court yester.
day refused to order polygrapl
and-or hypnosis tests for the
38-year-old Sheppard, who i.
serving a life sentence for the
July 4. 1854, death Of his wife
Convicted of second = degree
murder, Sheppard, now in Ma
rion Correctional Institution
becomes eligible for parole
within the next two years.
Attorney F. Lee Bailey oi
Boston, who made the request
that Corrections Commissioner
Maury Koblentz be compelled
to allow the tests, told the
court only fear of the result:
was blocking the examinations
Mr.. Bailey contends such
tests could establish Shep-
pard's innocence and bear out
his story that his pregnant
wife, Marilyn, was bludgeoned
fatally by a buShy-haired in
truder who then grappled with
the doctor and knocked him
unconscious.
Evening star., 1962-12-27

RED guerrillaS off balance.
Unfortunately, this does moi
stop the elusive Wet Cong from
surprise attacks or burning viii
lagos friendly to the Wet Namese
government. And the Wet
Cong. still for the most part
control large portions Of the
country, especially at night.
In the provinces north oi
Saigon, there has been little
Wet Cong activity lately. On
the other hand. government
operations have been on the
increase.
One Such Operation
One OF these operations,
nicknamed pat" has Just be-
gun after weeks Of planning
and exertion by three United
States Army majors.
Their plan is relatively SIM
pie. 1t is 10 have helicopters
carry several platoons OF Wet
Namese rangers every day from
Evening star., 1962-12-27

West German state Of Lower
Saxony.
At her 10th birthday-a mod
est celebration attended by her
four sons but not by Queen
Frederika-friends dona tie d
money to put central heating in
her villa.
Evening star., 1962-12-27
BY JOSEPH YOUNG
Star Staff Writer

Some Federal agencies have
notified the Civil Service Com
mission that they do not intend
to give employees any written
explanation in cases where
they deny them in grade SAL
airy steps.
However. the majority Of
agencies, including the big ones,
have told the Commission they
will require supervisors to give
employees a detailed written ex-
planation.
Most agencies also have
agreed to give employees suffi-
cient advance notices Of an i'm
pending denial OF q within
grade increase.
The csc did not disclose
which agencies have announc-
ed that no written notice will
be given employees, other than
TO say that the agencies were
small in size. However. the
Commission has emphasized To
the agencies that II would be
best for them TO give written
explanations In these cases, and
the commission is hopeful that
the agencies will agree.
incidentally, the csc in its
regulations for It's own en-
ployes. will give written ex-
plantations and Is contemplat-
ing a 90-day advance notice 10
employees Of an impending dem
ial. While the csc regulations
for It's own employees are not
mandatory on other agencies
II undoubtedly influences the
thinking Of other Federal agen-
cies throughout the Govern
ment.
In this regard. the CSC't
regulations follow out pretty
much the proposals made TO II
last month by the American
Federation OF Government EN-.
ployes TO ease the adverse
impact OF the new system.
The Defense Department. the
Governments largest employer
has issued regulations requiring
Evening star., 1962-12-27
-
StrueIens Gets
-
Custer Order /.

NEW YORK, Dec. 27 (AP).-
Michel -Struelens, Katanga's
information chief in this coun.
try, has been ordered to leave
the United States.
The ruling was made yester.
day in a deportation proceed.
ing by the immigration and
Naturalization Service. ..~.
The 34-year-oll Mr.. Struel.
ems. a Belgian national, has II
days to appeal the ruling to the
Board of immigration Appeal,
in Washington. -
Mr.. Struelens was asked by
the immigration Service lasi
December 6 to leave the country
voluntarily within is days. Ht
had been turned down in hi
request for a change of statu.
to allow permanent residence IL
the United States.
His case resulted in friction
between the State Department
and a Senate Internal Security
subcommittee.
Mr.. Struelens blamed the
State Department for the nm.
migration Services initial &C.
ton against him. He said thl
department had found his worl
too successful" in presenting
the case Of Katanga President
Noise Tshombe. who has beer
resisting efforts to incorporate
Katanga Province into the Re.
public Of the Congo. ,E
The Senate subcommittee
accused the State Department
Of apparent political motiVa.
tion in seeking the custer Of
Mr.. Struelens, who represented
a government critical Of Unitet
States policy in the Congo.
Evening star., 1962-12-27

government-held outposts into
areas known to be inhabited by
the Wet Cong. Each days
mission would head in a diff
ferent direction. Sometimes
the government forces would
camp overnight. sometimes the
helicopters would come back
later in the day and pick them
up.
This plan would keep the Wet
Cong guessing. enabling the
Wet Namese to penetrate areas
and make friends with the
Montagnards mountain tribes
where hitherto no Wet
Namese or Americans have
Travelled.
I watched the first Of these
missions to get underway from
the cockpit Of a United States
Lie two-seater. For me the
operation began at $3.50 am.
at an Army helicopter base at
Pleiku. some 800 miles north Of
Saigon. After a cup Of coffee
with the men Of the 8lst United
States Army Transportation
Company tlight helicopters), /
boarded the Lie with the
pilot, Maj. George w. Aldridge,
Queenstown, Md. who is COM
manding officer OF the hell
copter company. We took off
Just as patches Of daylight APP
peared on the horizon between
thick clouds. 90
At the time, four H-2l "Ba-
mana" helicopters revved their
engines. Wet Namese rangers
scrambled aboard the choppers.
Thirty minutes later, flying
above the drop zone about 25
miles way, / saw the choppers
beneath us crawling through
the air In single file. Unob-
trusively. they set down, the
troops rused out, and the chop
per were again airborne.
The operation was devised by
Majors Aldridge, Samuel E.
Tillery. Collegeville, Ark. and
George A. Peters, Galveston.
Tex. The name Pat" comes
from the first letters OF their
last names.
Although this was the first
such operation 10 come off.
these officers hope 10 make It
daily throughout 1868.
Evening star., 1962-12-27
Khrus|1chev
Lays Tension
To Adenauer

MOSCOW, Dec. 27 (AP).-
Premier Khrushchev has ac-
cused Chancellor Konrad Ade-
nauer Of increasing tension in
Berlin, prodding the world
toward war land endangering
the lives of millions of pepole. y
In a letter to Mr.. Adenauer
broadcast by Moscow Radio,
the Soviet Premier reiterated
his standard demand that allied
troops get out OF Berlin. But
he set no deadline. He also
repeated that United Nations
forces should replace the United
States, British and French gar
risons in Berlin.
The letter was one more in
dication that the kremlin still
has the Berlin situation on It's
mind, despite the calm Ebout
the matter before and after the
recent Cuban crisis.
The letter, in reply to one
from Mr.. Adenauer complain.
ing Of border incidents in the
divided city. sharply assailec
the West German Chancellor
Policy Criticixed
Mr.. Khrushchev declared tn,
West Germany government ha!
no rights in Berlin and as.
serted:
by your policy, q policy o.
intensifying tension and prod.
ding the world to new conflicts
you are endangering the live
Of millions of people"
Saying he was concerned BY
the incidents in Berlin, Mr.
Khrushchev accused West Ger.
man lawmakers and officials o.
carrying on vicious and dan
gerous provocations" in the ole
German capital.
Obviously" Mr.. Khrushche,
added, 1T is not the interest.
Of the population Of West Ber.
lin that is Of Importance to you
but the use Of this city fol
hostile activity against the So.
Wet Union, the CDR (Commu.
mist East Germany and othel
Socialist countries.
Facts show that the fedora
government (West Germany
is beginning to condition thc
Germans gradually to the
thoughts of q possible fratri.
cidal war among Germans"
Calls for Treaty
Mr.. Khrushchev said the best
way to ease the situation in
Berlin is to sign a peace treaty
for all Germany. But he did
not again threaten to sign q
separate peace treaty with East
Germany. If such a treaty were
signed, 1t might give the East
Germans a strangle-hold or
allied access to West Berlin.
But Mr.. Khrushchev did say:
mo blackmail and no threats
will bring to q stop at the half
way mark the peace-loving
forces which are striving foI
a peaceful regulation of the
German question"
The letter was sent to Mr.
Adenauer December "a.
THE Soviet government" tht
letter said, proposes that tht
forces in West Berlin Shoulc
not represent the NATO NortI
Atlantic Treaty Organization
countries, and that the NATC
flag in West Berlin should bt
replaced by the United Nations
flag and that the United Ma
tions should assume definite
international commitments ano
functions there"
Evening star., 1962-12-27
Ex-senator Green
Still on Critical List

PROVIDENCE, r. l.. Dec. 81
(AP).-Former United States
Senator Theodore Francis
Green was reported still in
critical condition at Jane
Brown Hospital last night.
The 95-year-old legislator
was admitted to the hospital
December 10 after suffering a
series OF cerebral strokes COM
plicated by a lung infection.
His name Is carried on the
hospitals danger list.
Evening star., 1962-12-27
Stamp to Honor
Mrs. Roosevelt
BY a star staff writer

PALM BEACH, Fla, Dec. q
President Kennedy announced
today that a special commem
orative stamp in honor Of Mrs
Eleanor Roosevelt will be issue,
by the United States on Octo
Der IL, l963-the 18th anniver
sary Of her birth. ,'
This will be one Of is specia
commemorative stamps issuel
by the United States durinI
1868, White House Press Secre
tary Pierre Salinger said.
Evening star., 1962-12-27
Americans Help Alter
Wet Nam Bottle Trend
BY ALBERT AXELBANK
Special TO The Star

SAIGON Wet Nam-American- assisted Wet Namese gov
ernment forces grabbing the initiative from the Communist
Wet Cong constant stream Of assorted antVet Cong
eratons Of them engineered by United Army Air
Force Marine officers being carried keep the
Evening star., 1962-12-27
MARKET

Continued From Page Al
surprised by the announce
ment.
"The supermarkets have been
giving us hell" he acknowl-
edged.
Mr.. Zuras said he doesn't
know how he could relocate
anywhere, and figured he would
just ''look for a job"
Timing Called Bad
Marie Kite, proprietor OF
Palmer & Pinkston, the only
place in Washington that sells
fresh grated horseradish
thought the timing of the an
nouncement was bad.
That's a devil Of a thing,
right after Christmas" said
Miss Kite to a customer. "They
let us go and spend a lot of
money on Christmas, and now
how do we get it back?"
Miss Kite seemed almost as
worried about her customers as
she did about her own future.
II have people come from 40
miles down in Virginia to get
horseradish." she said. IT hope
someone will buy the equip
ment and open up somewhere. +"
She guessed she will turn to
baby sitting.
81 just ordered 200 pounds
of horseradishes from st.
Louis" she said. II hope / can
get rid Of 1t all before the mar
ket closes"
Relocation Discussed
Some Of the merchants were
discussing the possibility Of re-
locating at the city-owned
Eastern Market. at Seventh
and c streets Sc. But there
was some question In their
minds as to whether their Gus
toners loyalty, which now
brings them in from far out
in Northwest and the suburbs,
would survive the move even
farther away.
And there was general agree
ment that unless several mer-
chants decided to make the
move, it would be a losing
proposition.
One who was not worried
was Roy Counselman, 56,
whose family has had a BUTCH
er stall in the market since
1911. He is taking a Job in a
maintenance firm, and was
closing down his stall January
l anyway.
Mr.. Counselman has worked
at the market for nearly half
a century. but his judgment
was unclouded by sentiment.
"I'll tell YOU" he said. "our
old customers die off and there
are no requirements. This is
like a horse and buggy. It's nice
in its way. but 1t Just can't
keep up"
Evening star., 1962-12-27
Gossip About Family

ing MIN 10 PARDON the journal
lists. They are still in Jail.
Gossip About Family
There is much gossip about
the family squabble and it is
difficult for an outsider to dis
tinguish fact from fiction.
Viktoria Luise doesn't like to
discuss family and financial
affairs. Asked to comment on
the Greek reports. she cut off
the questioner, saying: II don't
consider your question appro-
pirate"
The princess spokesman, DR..
Josef Nowack, says she is dis
appointed in her eldest son.
Ernst August, who lives the
life of a country squire at his
Kahlenberg estate near Mari
'enburg, became the sole heir to
family fortunes and determines
how the income should be dis
tributed among family men,
bers, including Queen Freder-
Iika and her children.
The family holdings include
real estate in Germany, shares
in prosperous industries, a.
least l6 saving mills and vas
forests in Austria where thC
family also owns Gmunder
castle on the shores of Lake
Traunsee.
Sued for Maintenance
81 think it's unfair that the
duchess had to sue her son
for maintenance" DR.. Nowack
stated. He disclosed that early
in December a German court
awarded her 5000 m arks
($750) monthly plus arrears
amounting to $4,000 marks
($9, 9,000.
The duchess pays rent OF
about SIS for her villa. She /.
still an active social worker
visiting children's and old folks
nursing homes. and attending
Christmas parties all over the
former Duchy Of Brunswick.
Lueneburg, now part Of the