davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-10-05
Congress, Not the President, Is Believed
To Hold This Right in the Constitution

States marshals were used in
Mississippi as civilians. But
actually they were backed up
by military forces in a situa-
tion of domestic violence
within q state. In due time,
arrests could have been made
by the marshals for any in
reference with the court
decree ITSELF requiring the
admission Of James Meredith
I to the university. But they
had no authority to punish
violations of State law or to
suppress violence. This is
solely within the jurisdiction
of the State.
Where is the law, more
over, that authorizes mar
shals and troops to escort Mr..
Meredith around the campus
and provide protection" for
him for the full year-and-a-
half he will be at the univer-
sity, as United States officials
promise will be done? Isn't
this really an obligation Of
the State of Mississippi?
Congress has authorized
use of Federal troops to en-
force Federal statutes. but
this does not include court
DEGREES. The Constitution
speaks Of the use of troops
only to enforce Federal laws.
There is no mention Of court
decisions or court DEGREES.
The President is obliged to
execute Federal laws, but
there has been no act Of
Congress ordering -desegre-
CATION of public schools. The
whole controversy has grown
out Of a court decision, but
troops cannot be legally used
to enforce it.
Perhaps the most compre-
hensive study Of this whole
legal problem has been made
by Alfred j. Schweppe of
Seattle, who often has been
chairman of important COM
mittees Of the American Bar
Association. He wrote for the
American Bar Association
Journal in February, 1858, an
article which covers exactly
the same points in reference
to the Little Rock episode as
are being made today IN the
criticisms of what happened
in Mississippi. 1t is signifi-
cant that President Kennedy
Evening star., 1962-10-05

cts at Cape Canayeral, where
about so Aerojet unionists are
employed. Other missile work.
'ers at the big space center ap-
parently ignored the picket
line, but President Kennedy's
Missile Sites Labor Commits
sion fired off a sharp tele-
gram asking the machinists to
remove the picket line and
return to work and remain at
work"
The Defense Department had
said disruption of missile parts
production at Aerojet would be
"critically dangerous" to the
Ma tion's defenses. Aerojet
makes parts for Titan, Polaris
and other missiles.
Mr.. Wirtz called the nego-
tiators to Washington, label
ing the strike an intolerable
threat to national defense.
A contract dispute hinging
on pay and job classification
questions touched off the walk
out. The machinists make an
average of $2.94 an hour.
The machinists rejected a
company wage offer, arguing
the pay would be far below
that offered by similar in
dustries.
Evening star., 1962-10-05
Effect of Peculiar Political Situations
On Kennedy and Johnson Are Cited
DORIS FLEEsON

An unusual aspect of the
fall campaign is that both
the President and Vice Pres
ident are obliged to avoid
their home States.
In Massachusetts,, the is
sue of too many Kennedys is
being used against Brother
Edward, the Democrat nomi-
nee for the Senate. In Texas,
John Connolly, Democratic
candidate for Governor, is
widely attacked as a protege
of Lyndon johnson.
Edward Kennedy's over
whelming primary triumph
suggests that Massachusetts,
thinks little or nothing of the
dynastic arguments. The
President therefore seem S
safe in protecting himself
from it elsewhere by confin-
ing his campaigning to other
States.
The Texas situation is diff
ferent. The party organiza-
ton is in disarray and di-
vided into three parts. The
admirers Of Mr.. Johnson
have an uneasy truce with
the liberal forces of Sena-
tor Ralph Marlborough, while
a third faction rarely finds a
Democrat conservative
Evening star., 1962-10-05
Aerojet Strike Ended
In Interest of Security

employs machinists at Vanden-
berg Air Force Base, Calf,
and Cape Canaveral, Fla.
Possible Government inter-
vention loomed as union and
management negotiators held
a day long session yesterday
with Director William E. Sim
kin of the Federal Mediation
and Cancellation Service.
1t ended with this joint
statement:
"a preliminary understand
ing has been reached which will
result in immediate resumption
of work at all Aerojet opera
tions.
Negotiations will proceed in
Washington to find an early
settlement. In the interest Of
national defense and security,
both parties agree that work
will be resumed while remain
ing differences are being set
tied"
Machinists had posted pick
Evening star., 1962-10-05
Second SpyCount
Laid to Briton

LONDON, Oct. 5 (AP).-
Scotland Yard today disclosed
a new charge against William
Vassall, 38-year-old clerk in the
Admiralty accused Of collecting
secret information.
The second charge, brought
under the Official Secrets Act,
said Vassall communicated
secret information to a person
likely to be an enemy Of the
State.
Vassall, arrested last month,
was accused of committing the
offenses in August and Septem-
Der. No other details were given.
The second charge was not
brought until after Vassall had
in a magistrates court
yesterday. The case was held
over until next Tuesday.
The son of a London parson,
Vassall used to work in the
office of the British naval at
tache in Moscow.
Evening star., 1962-10-05
They Avoid Their Home States

Johnson's aptitudes, IL is
CALLING to have to sit by rela-
lively quiescent while the
Texas power structure he
built here with the late
Speaker Rayburn is put IN
danger.
Few Southerners feel that
the Mississippi tumult will
hurt much in Texas or any
election for purely State Of
flee. Some do suggest that
the diehards in Alabama and
South Carolina, possibly Ar
kansas as well. might be In
clined to visit their frustra-
ton on Senate incumbents
Hill, Johnston and Full
bright. Mississippi does not
elect a Senator this year.
The observers who so spec
ulate say the segregationists
would feel that they are
somehow furnishing Wash
ington which holds Senators
Hill and Fulbright especial
ly in high regard.
Experienced operatives OF
the Republican Party make
no solid claims Of Southern
gains. They will be pleased
if such occur, but they are
concentrating their hopes on
the Midwest and Far West,
Michigan and Pennsylvania.
Their reasons are mainly
economic and their optimism
seems genuine.
copyright 1862
Evening star., 1962-10-05
GU to Dedicate
Science Center

Georgetown University's new
$4,250,000 Science Center will
be dedicated at 10::30 am. Oc-
tober Is, the university an
nounced today. Glenn T. Sea-
borg, chairman Of the Atomic
Energy Commission, will be the
main speaker.
The Very Rev. Edward B..
Bum, university president, said
the center will increase the uni
versity's facilities for medical
and basic research and permit
an increase in the number of
students majoring in science
and the number of science
courses offered.
The center has several levels
and 1000 square feet Of space.
The departments of chemistry.
physics. biology, mathematics
and seismology will use it.
Evening star., 1962-10-05
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

Radios dual coverage of Astronaut Schrra and the
GiantsDodgers pay-off made history. 1t Schrra
whipped the Dodgers with 9th inning Splashdown and
Willie Mays romped home after the first inegrated orbit
With 10000 soldiers around the campus Ole Miss has
replaced VMI the West Point of the South.
It's the when the papers full Of pictures Of
Kennedy giving lawsigning to Congressman would
be lot cheaper if he'd keep the pens-and give back
the laws
Asronauts' ballad for wise-cracking Walter Schrra:
Hey Schrra, Schirra Forever flee with gee The
ture is ours, you Hey Schrra, Schirra.
Battegarbed sergeant to colonel "A little more Fed
eral aid to education today, sir?"
Congress is ranking industry in Washington-second
in commercial size only to the and feeding of Congress
Evening star., 1962-10-05

enough for them running on
the Democratic ticket.
Nominee Senator Connolly
is not only obliged to steer
this troika but to combat a
vigorous Republican minority
which elected a Senator be-
cause of just such Democratic
dissension. He can't deny he
is a johnson protege and be-
cause of it the first Kennedy
Secretary of the Navy, he
just has to get around these
inconvenient facts the best
way he can.
Washington is assured that
he is ahead, even though the
circumstances of his troubles
make the most interesting
reading. Next week end the
Vice President is venturing
to m axe some high-level.
non-political appearances at
home as a kind of tacit re-
minder that the Federal Gov
ernment. fount of m any
blessings, remains securely in
Democratic hands.
The waiting is hard on
him. A Texas in Republican
hands would be a near-fatal
blow to his plans to run
again for President in 1868.
Besides, for a man of Senator
Evening star., 1962-10-05
BY the Associated Press

A back-to-work agreement
"in the interest Of national
defense and security" sends
machinists back to their jobs
today at Aerojet General Corp.
after q three-day strike against
the big missile company.
Aerojet and the Interna-
tional Association of Machin-
lists (AFL-CIOO reached the
preliminary agreement last
night. Some $500 machiniSts
walked out Tuesday in a strike
that brought sharp protests
from the White House, the
Pentagon and Secretary of
Labor Wirtz.
Machinists were told to re-
port to work today, said Nor
timer Dannenberg, a union
business representative. A
handful went back last night.
Aerojet has plants at Sacra-
mento and Azusa, Calf. 1t also
Evening star., 1962-10-05
DAVID LAWRENCE

The average man, who
doesn't take the time to read
the fine print or to analyze
the legal questions involved
in public CON- OVERSEES, prob
ably thinks that a President
of the United States has the
inherent right to send troops
to sovereign States to eStab-
lish '1aw and order" and
obedience to court DEGREES.
It may come as a surprise
to the average man, there
fore, to note that the Con-
stitution does not vest in the
President but in C Congress
alone the power Ito provide
for calling forth the militia
to execute the laws of the
Union, suppress instructions
and repel invasions."
The Constitution also says
that the Federal Government
shall protect each Of the
States against domestic vio-
lence," but only ION applica-
ton Of the legislature, or of
the (State) executive, when
the legislature cannot be
convened"
Thus, it is n e C ary to
take a careful look at any
laws that Congress has actu-
ally passed authorizing the
use of armed forces in certain
contingencies involving law
enforcement.
These statutes are the
same ones that existed in
1857 when President Eisen-
hover sent troops to Little
Rock, Ark, to maintain Or
der and to secure the en-
forcement of a Federal court
decree. He was criticized
then, just as President Ken
nedy is being criticized to-
day, for acting without ex-
press authority.
AS this correspondent
pointed out at the time of
the Little Rock affair, Con-
gress had never provided for
the kind of situation then
occurring. Neither is there
today any law on the statute
books or any court decision
to cover the circumstances
involving Federal troops -
that have developed in Mis-
siSsippi.
Theoretically, Unite d
Evening star., 1962-10-05

liberately destroying the FIN
provisional government, he may
not have taken the first step
in destroying himself"
In any event. many regard
the graying Mohammed Kinder,
secretary general of the polit-
ical bureau, as the figure who
makes the real decisions.
Mr.. Kinder, undeniably a
canny operator, was already q
member Of the French National
Assembly in 1916 when Mr.. Ben
Bella was still a young back
woods Nationalist.
Opposition Felt
Though the Deputies of the
Constituent Assembly were
elected on a single, uncontested
slate drawn up by Mr.. Ben
Bella, Mr.. Kinder and Col
Boumedienne, an opposition be-
gan making itself felt almost
at once. So far, 1t is leaderless
the avowed opposition leaders
are in self-imposed exile abroad
or, like Mohammed Boudiar,,
in defiant "retirement"-but'
about a quarter of the Assem-
bly's 1876 Deputies are some
what less than enthusiastic
Ben Bellists.
AS a body, the hesitant and
already partly disillusioned
deputies seem sure of only one
thing: that the chaos Of the
immediate postindependence
period has revealed the depth
of Algeria's problems and that
no newly independent nation,
except the Congo, has had to
face so many.
To acknowledge a compari-
son with the Congo is humili-
ating for people who, until not
long ago, confidently believed
they had the ablest, best-dis-
ciplined nationalist movement
in the world. Confidence has
ebbed as compared to the time
the Evian agreement was
signed when it was believed
that Algeria'S difficulties, big
as they might be. could be
quickly set to rights once the
nationalists took over.
Evening star., 1962-10-05
President Picks Board
Of Satellite Company

President Kennedy has named
| l3 businessmen and lawyers to
incorporate Americas satellite
communications firm.
They will have broad powers
in organizing the corporation,
which Congress authorized to
establish a communications
network using satellite relays.
The corporation will be pri-
vately owned, but under Gov
ernment control. Half its stocks
will be sold to communications
companies, and the remainder
to the general public.
The nominations Mr.. Ken
nedy made yesterday are subject
to Senate confirmation. He
made his selections from indus
try, banking, business, law, la
Dor unions and the satellite
industry.
A White House spokesman
said the incorporators will re-
ceive no remuneration from the
Government. They will have
broad powers to set up a pro-
cedure for the corporation and
arrange for the sale of stock.
In addition to setting up the
new corporation, the appoint
ees will serve as its first board
Of directors until a board is
elected by stockholders.
The incorporators are to Or
ganize themselves. Mr.. Ken
nedy did not designate a chair
man.
The nominees are:
Edgar F. Kaiser, official of
the Kaiser Industries, whose
home is in Lafayette, Calf.
David NJ. Kennedy, chair
man of the board and chief
executive officer of the Ma
tional Bank 8 Trust Co., Chi
cago.
Philip L. Graham. publisher
Evening star., 1962-10-05
Beneath the Calm in Algeria
New Chaos Nay Be Brewing

neutral" Mr.. Ben Bella has
not forgotten this.
Hunger may yet prove the
excuse for bringing the liberia
ton army out CT the barracks
where Mr.. Ben Bella managed
to confine it. The strange Col.
Houari Boumedienne, his ply
sically exhausted and wasted
body demonstrating the touch
of the fanatic in every gesture,
has proclaimed his allegiance,
Recent events, however, have
shown how swiftly friends can
fall out in the new Algeria.
Controls Army
Nobody pretends to know
what dreams gnaw at Col Bou-
medienne's soul. His control of
the regular army-though not
of course of the once rebellious
Wilaya 4 and Wilaya 8 forces
who stand aside in sullen and
unreconciled silence-is said
to be complete, But Col. Bou-
medienne, who appears every
where in a hand-me-down ci-
william suit and tattered, tireless
shirt, isn't the sort of military
man who can be satisfied with
gaudy uniforms and high
sounding titles. That much is
certain.
Handling the UGTA and Col.
Boumedienne are only two of
Mr.. Ben Bella's problems. But
they are vital to stabilizing his
own position.
He won the political victory
that has carried him to the
premiership, giving him more
power but less prestige than
he had three months ago. Only
time will tell whether, in de-
Evening star., 1962-10-05

at the Palais Carnot, wher
Mr.. Abbas knowingly read the
declaration officially proclaim
ing Algeria a free. democratic
republic" A voice rang out
from the floor: "And Islamic!'
"That," replied Mr.. Abbas
studiedly, "is for this assembly
to decide" Clearly, the last
word on the final position OF
the French in this country has
not been spoken.
New Chaos Ahead
Beneath the sudden, surface
calm, new chaos may yet be
brewing. The economy has
again begun to sputter forward
after three months of post
independence anarchy. But two
out of three Algerians over
the age Of IA are jobless or
working part time.
The strong, but erratic Trade
Union Federation (UGTA) ,
bred in a tradition Of revolu-
tionary syndicalism, shows no
sign of willingness to follow
meekly behind Mr.. Ben Bella's
government; indeed, the trade
union leaders hardly bother to
hide their skepticism about his
ability to deal with modern in
dustrial problems. In post
independence political struggle.
the UGTA declared itself
Evening star., 1962-10-05

of the Washington Post, and
an attorney by profession.
Sidney j. Weinberg, partner
in the firm of Goldman, Sachs
& Co., New, York, and director
of a dozen companies, including
Continental Can, General Elec-
trio, Ford and B. F. Goodrich.
He lives in Scarsdale. N. Y.
Bruce G.. Sundlun, a Wash
ington lawyer in private urac-
tice, member of the firm Of
Amram, Hahn and Sundlum.
A. Bryne L. Litschgi, a part
ner in the Tampa (F1a.) law
firm of Coles, Hines and
LitSchgi.
Beardsley Graham. Of Lex
ington. KY, president of Spin
dletop Research, Inc, and
former manager of satellite re-
search planning for Lockheed's
missiles and space division.
Leonard Woodcock, of Crosse
Point, Mich, a vice president
of the United Auto Workers of
America (AFL-CIO).
Same Harris, member of the
New York law firm of Strasser,
Speigelberg, Fried and Frank,
and one-time member of the
general counsel staff of the
Securities and Exchange Com
mission.
George j. Feldman. a lawyer
in private practice in Boston,
Washington and New York.
Leonard H. Marks, a Wash
ington attorney, partner in the
law firm of Cohn and Marks.
John T. Ccnnor, president
and q director of Merck & Co.,
of Railway. N. J.
George L. Killion Of Oak
land. Calf, president of the
American President Lines and
a former Director of Finance
for the State Of California. He
also has been chairman Of the
board Of Loew's, Inc, since 1857.
Evening star., 1962-10-05
BY BERNARD KAPLAN


ALGIERS, Oct. 5.-Not in a
decade have fewer soldiers been
seen on the streets Of Algiers.
The swashbuckling "libera-
tors" who fingered their
tommyguns and crowded the
sidewalks only a few weeks ago
have vanished. It is the first
victory of Mohammed Ben
Bella and his new government.
But, as with many Of Mr.. Ben
Bella's recent political sue
cesses, 1t may be more apparent
than real.
Virtually under siege less
than a month ago, NAlgiers has
already settled into a kind Of
normality that has been un-
known to it for a decade. Shops
have reopened, movie houses
and evening entertainment
spots are going full-swing, the
weekend beaches on the out
skirts of town again are
crowded. The former chief FIN
terrorist is now the chief of
police.
Suddenly, in this city where
racial violence was the daily
nourishment for years, there
seem to be no more bad"
Moslems and even fewer "bad"
Europeans. In place of the hot
headed, muddled young "Colo-
nel," 81 Hassan whose Wilaya
4 gueIrillas had Algiers in their
trigger-happy grip, there sits
the reassuring, mature figure
of Ferhat Abbas, presiding with
a gavel rather than a rifle over
the deliberations of the new
Constituent Assembly, finally
convened six weeks late.
Secret Army Gone
The Secret Army Organiza-
ton is gone as though it never
was. Nobody, it seems, belonged
to it. The Ben Bella govern
ment, more intent for the
moment on finding and freeing
Frenchmen who were kid
mapped by guerrilla extortionists
acting on their own, is asking
no questions. Dozens Of Euro
pean apartment blocks stand
bleakly empty; others have been
occupied by Arab squatters.
One day recently, a squatter
opened the refrigerator door in
his newly acquired flat and was
blown to bits. 1t had been
booby-trapped by its previous
occupant. Not too long ago such
an incident might easily have
touched off a race riot. Today
it is determinedly ignored by
all.
The leader Of the European
community - for the French
here have quickly grown accus-
toned to talking and thinking
Of themselves as a foreign
minority - is no longer the
young, Fascist rabble-rouSer,
Jean Jacques Susini (fled, it is
said, to Denmark, of all places,
to write his memoirs), but the
calm, courageous. extraordinar-
lily intelligent Archbishop Duval.
French Have Left
Three-fifths Of the French
Algerois have left. A small
trickle are beginning to return.
Most conspicuous are the IMAM
agerial" types: To run the
Simca, Berliet and Renault
plants, opened here when Off
cial policy was still to keep
Algeria French by belatedly
induStrializing the country.
Is 1t possible for the French
here to wiring their mentalities
inside out and accept the
thinking and leadership of
someone like Archbishop Du-
val who preached acceptance
OF Moslem independence and
denunciation of the secret
army from the start?
The tall, slight figure Of the
archbishop was in the audience
Evening star., 1962-10-05

The greatest unknown fuetcr thrown
into the international political
arena this year is an Independent
Algeria. This ortieIe explores the
possible courses Of post-independ-
enee AIgerio.
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1962-02-07
Broilins Methods
Demonstrated

Out nf The Frying Pan Int.
The E-piler" was The tuDi, f..
. Foods and Nutrition Trainire
S.hocl held in the Courthouse
Annex on TnuvSdis. Januar,
18th. The purpose II the dom
'hSirat!pn was 90 1cmonstrat,
mat oroitIng Is quick cooking
method requiring less tat than
trying. which j. especially I'M
purt7u' for pcODl" o.. low CAL
cries or rat diets. Thy demon
'T@tc the use OF hryiler units
that many homcmakcrs have.
but do not know how TO use.
A complete meal was pre-
pared consisting OF tendcrizod
ham. pineapple sl'ccs. and
sweet potato pulfS in seal
loped orange halves. garlic
toasted bread and broilcd
Alaska.
Selecting the RICH. foods for
broiling. using the right size
bIoilin2 pan. and easy oven
cleaning were cmrhasizcd. as
well as. planning an attractive
well balanced nutritious meal
Nineteen clubs out Of twen