davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-12-26
THE PASSING SCENE
Command Decision at Nassau
By WILLIAM S. WHITE

this kindly myth. No one here
wished to press upon the
British the tragic fact that
Britain's unexampled HERO
ism and sacrifice in the sec
ond world war left her no
longer a dominant world
power when her long ordeal
had ended.
No one wished to rub
Frances nose into the equally
unalterable truth that
Frances own record in that
war was hardly stirring. Nor
did anyone want to trumpet
the related truth that post
war France, even under the
brilliant Charles de Gaulle,
was living in a dream in its
assertions of grandeur" in q
world of reality.
"Shackled" by Allies
The result was that the
United States, despite match
less contributions to the
postwar Western world, was
a hundred times shackled or
harassed by British and
French demands, objections,
hesitations and vetos in the
somber task of defending all
the West.
France and West Germany
and Britain also, to some
extent-for years have taken
shelter behind a supposedly
international shield which
has been, in fact, primarily
an American shield. At the
same time they have refused
to put their own backs into
the one contribution they
could uSefully make-conven-
tional troops-to make 1t an
impregnable shield. These
contributions they must now
make.
To a dangerous extent the
cold war on the Western side
has been run on the COM
mittee system, though all ex-
perience shows that such ter
rible conflicts require the di-
rection not of committees
but rather of one decisive
leader. What President Ken
nedy really said to the Brit
iSh, the French and the West
Germans at Nassau is that
the United States has now
irrevocably claimed that de-
cisive leadership because it
must.
1t is not we who have
downgraded our old allies;
the harsh facts of life have
done that. Let no one gloat
over Britain, that home of so
much of all that is best in
Western life and tradition.
But, equally, let no one mis-
understand that the commit
tee system of defending the
ancient Western values ex-
lists no more.
(Copyright, 1862.
Evening star., 1962-12-26
Congo Questions

The latest flareup Of shooting in
Elisabethville does not appear to have
amounted to much But 1t raises still
another Congo question.
Katanga'S President, Noise TShombe,
says his troops fired in the air after
being shot at by an Ethiopian force
under the United Nations command.
James B. Orrick, a u N. spokesman in
Leopoldville, denied that the EthiopianS
fired shot, and this denial was echoed
at U. N. headquarters in New York. This
latter denial was accompanied by "a
stern warning that the U. N. force in the
Congo will not tolerate such outrageS
again"
: It is impossible to know where the
truth lies, but one would suspect, in the
course of shooting extending over half
day, that shots probably were fired by
both Sides There is no doubt, however,
about one thing. A U. N. helicopter was
shot down while flying over positions held
by KatangeSe troops, the latter claiming
they thought the aircraft was being
used to set up gun position in their
rear. In the course of its "stern warning"
to Tshombe, the U. N. spokesman said
nothing about the helicopter.
What was it doing over the Katanga
lines? Was the purpose to provoke an
incident?
Some other questions Congo Presi-
dent Kasavubu of the Central Govern
Tnent in Leopoldville has recessed"
oNli ant, hac ho-
come of the proposed new constitution
which was supposed to have been sub
mitted to Parliament weeks ago? This is
the constitution which the U. NJ, with
United States support, is trying to force
TSnombe to accept, almost sight unseen.
Yet the Central Government, headed by
Premier Adoula, evidently is unwilling
to submit it to Parliament for fear that
the legislators might reject it and pos
sibly throw Mr.. Adoula out Of office in
the process. What kind of business is
this?
In recent days, threatful dispatches,
inspired by official sources in this
country, have warned in effect that the
United States is preparing to use what
CNCI 4OlSC may NC llCNCoodAJ w NOlAAPOA
the submission of TShombe to the U. N.
demands. Among other things, it is said
that he will be required" to participate
in ceaSe-fire agreement. But Tshombe
and Adoula both signed a ceaSe-fire
agreement on October II. 1t was repudi-
ated by Adoula, not by Tshombe. What
kind of a shabby enterprise is this?
Finally, what has become of the
general amnesty which Premier Adoula,
under the u N. plan for the Congo, was
supposed to proclaim? 1t has never been
issued, and yet President Tshombe, who
faces murder charge in Leopoldville,
is being told that he must submit to the
authority Of the Adoula governmental
regime which may we'll be incapable Of
maintaining itself in power.
The American people, in our judg-
ment, should look with deep misgiving on
what appears to lie ahead. If a political
settlement is to be forced upon Tshombe
with our assistance, then pledges given
at highest levels in Washington must be
repudiated. And the end result may be a
difficult war in Katanga, followed by
chaos throughout the Congo and an
adventure in national dishonor by the
United States.
Evening star., 1962-12-26

The four new members Of
the School Board were elect
ed by a majority Of the vot-
ers in Montgomery County
on the basis Of their plat
form. May I remind critics
Of the board that the cam
paign platform implied three
basic promises, namely, not
to increase the tax rate, to
strengthen our teaching of
basic and major subjects, and
to eliminate unnecessary
courses and services de.
"frillsD7
AS everyone knows. mem
bers Of the school board are
not required TO have a
specific background in ,edu-
cation. The only require
ment Is that Of residence
and the payment OF a small
fee at the time OF applica-
ton. However. voters can
evaluate the background Of
all candidates TO determine
whether or not the individ-
ual has the executive ability
TO formulate policies. For
detailed information. the
members OF the school board
must rely on the superinten-
dent OF schools. DR.. Whittier.
Hence. II would be presump-
tuous for them, as newly
elected members. 10 deter
mine where cuts should be
applied 10 the budget sub
mitted by Mr.. Whittier.
Over 20 per cent OF the
students in Montgomery
County have an /. @. OF 1870
and over average I. @. is
lis TO l20. yet our children
make very poor showings on
their achievement tests. In
some subjects or grades they
did not meet the national
averages.
The course Of study fer
specific subjects Is so am
biguous that much work Is
required by teachers, toReth-
er with supervisory person.
mel, TO implement the in
structions. While some lati-
tude should be given TO the
teachers In teaching a spe-
Evening star., 1962-12-26

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDriterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
ters are subject to condenSd-
ton. Those not used tUiH be
returned only tDhen accom-
panied By self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1962-12-26

SUNK WITHOUT TRACE,
Some Forgotten Master
pieces RecOnsidered, The
Clark Lectures 1960-I961 by
Robert Birley. 208 PIP. (Har-
court, Brace & World, $4.95.,
In Sunk Without Trace"
Robert Birley examines six
works of English literature
that we're famous in their own
time but now are remembered
merely as names or not at all.
He calls them masterpieces.
If we define a masterpiece
as a work that has stood the
test of time, Mr.. Birley's task
becomes impossible.
This is not a petty point.
The word masterpiece" has
a strong emotional compon-
ent, and its use in the wrong
place can mislead.
AS a matter Of fact, Mr..
Birley's concept is realistic.
True, the works in question
have not stood the test of
time, but they were once
read and admired by men Of
taste and education" and
read enthusiastically in their
own day"
IF we are interested in the
past" he continues, 1T may
be felt worth while to con-
slider how this could have
been"
Sunk without Trace" at
te.npts this consideration.
The book is a collection of six
lectures which Mr.. Birley,
headmaster Of Eton. delivered
at Trinity College, Cambridge,
in l960-l96l.
THE EARLIEST WORK
discussed is William Warmers
"Albion's England" newly
enlarged a little before his
death" and printed in the
enlarged version in 1912. The
most modern is Philip James
Bailey's "Festus." Mr.. Birley
has had to consider all edi-
tions OF this enormous poem,
but he has relied primarily
on the second, which appear
ed in l845.
In between, we are intro
duced TO Nathaniel Lees THE
Rival Queens Edward d
Young's Might Thoughts" "
william Robertson's THE
History OF the Reign Of Char
les "" and Thomas Moore's
"Lalla Rookh.' Robertson's
History" is narrative prose;
the others are all poetry OF
one form or another.
Often, the former popular
ity OF these works is eX-
planned In a thoroughly ac-
ceptable manner: Ct. no one
before Robertson had made
a deliberate, carefully rea-
soned and undertaking at
tempt 10 show in a series OF
broad generalisations what
were the movements and
changes In society which were
the underlying causes OF
events during q long period
OF history"
In dealing with Lees play,
Mr.. Birley has a good many
sensible things TO say about
Restoration tragedy. and the
modern reader can see that
given the conventions OF the
time, II is a fine play, though
not so fine as 10 have risen
above those conventions.
BUT WITH THE BEST will
In the world and a remark
able fund Of erudition, Mr.
Evening star., 1962-12-26

The supreme fact of this
dying year is that the United
States in 1862 has at last
assumed the real command
over, as we'll as the ultimate
responsibility for, the West
ern alliance.
For Is years we have had
the second, the ultimate re-
sponsibility, without having
successfully demanded the
first, the necessary directing
authority. So, long having
borne the burden, we now
have fully claimed the power
of decision that must go with
1t.
This is the real meaning
of the bargain struck at Mas
sau between President Ken
nedy and Prime Minister
Harold Macmillan of Great
Britain. Importantly, their
agreement meant that we will
guarantee to Britain a sub
marine nuclear capacity, to
replace the aerial nuclear ca
pacity she had sought
through the now-abandoned
Skybolt air-to-ground missile.
Much more Importantly, it
meant that the nuclear
power thus to be obtained by
Britain is to be put into the
service of the common West
ern defense. Talk of a really
independent" British nu-
clear force is genial non-
sense. Britain's nuclear force
is going to fit into the first
premise of an American
strategy which we had thus
far pressed upon our allies
in vain.
This first premise is that
the nuclear defense of the
West is indiviSible; that
truly competing nuclear sys-
TENS are intolerably costly
and pointless: that at the
heart of this common nu-
clear defense must stand the
vast American power system;
that because this one system
is incomparably the greatest,
its needs and wishes must
have all priority.
Big 3 Fiction"
But far more basically, the
Kennedy Macmillan under
standing means that the
United States is done with
an elaborate fiction main
tained through three Ameri-
can administrations - Harry
Truman's, Dwight Eisenhow-
er's and John Kennedy's.
This polite and costly fic-
ton has been that the big
Three"-the United States,
Britain and France were all
more or less actually big in
the Big Three.
Motives of great decency
went into the maintenance of
Evening star., 1962-12-26
Deal Him In

ColumnlStS, commentators
and administration Spokes-
men, notably President Ken
nedy, have recently taken to
task those who oppose the
sale of Communist mer-
chandise by the distribution
of cards which inform con-
sumers who might be SINH
larly opposed to strengthen
ing the leaders of Commn-
mist nations.
The formation of the COM
mittee directing this activity
was prompted by our Govern
ment's accelerated campaign
on behalf Of this trade, with
the entailed risk of mass un-
employment-a fact under
stood by many within the
ranks Of organized labor.
Proof of the need of the COM
mittee lies in the under
handed methods employed to
conceal the origin of the
articles. Although the open
support of the President and
our State Department is in
tended to give the sale Of
such wares a clean bill Of
health, for the most part,
the name Of the Iron Cur
tain country is either COW
cred by that of Japan, Italy,
or other free nations, or re-
moved altogether, sometimes
Supplanted by the name and
address of a New York
broker. We have a right to
ask If this is done illicitly,
with the consent of the ad-
ministration. Is 1t fair to our
own labor unions, manufac-
turers, or even our allies,
who enjoy no such privilege?
1t is reasonable to expect
Communists to undersell -
even at a a loss capitalist
Evening star., 1962-12-26
Women Strike
That's Fair?

In announcing that Vir-
ginia would appeal the re-
districting decision to the
Supreme Court, the Cover
nor describes the RediStrict-
ing Act of 1862 as fair"
equitable" and "just." I do
not question the decision of
the State to appeal. I do
question, however, the Gov
ernors description of the
1862 Redistricting Act,
which Act the Times-Dis-
patch termed ridiculous"
and absurd" in picturing the
"Assembly's feeble redistrict-
ing efforts" on November
80, 1862.
Our Governor has an odd
sense of what is fair, when
the voters of Fairfax and
Falls Church are permitted to
elect only one delegate for
every 95,031 people, while the
voters of Loudoun County,
right next door, are per-
mitted to elect one delegate
for 24,549 people, and the
voters of Accomack and
Northampton are permitted
to elect one delegate for 49,
400 people. Let us take an
other example. While the
voters of Chesterfield and
Colonial Heights are per-
mitted to elect only one dele
gate for 80,784 people, the
voters of Shenandoah are
permitted to elect one dele
gate for 21. 1926 people. Would
the Governor call this fair?
And let's have no nonsense
about Shenandoah County
being so much bigger than
Chesterfield that it takes
longer for a delegate to get
around his constituency.
Senandoah has 507 square
miles and Chesterfield has
465 square miles. Fairfax is
no small county with its 400
square miles.
Evening star., 1962-12-26
Cecella Delaney.
Heort-Worminq Prose

Your editorial of Decem-
ber 18 relating to the Presi-
dents television program Of
the preceding evening
warmed the cookies of our
Ill ole hearts.
w. B. Sprague, Jr.
Director Of Publicity, Re-
publican National Committee.
Evening star., 1962-12-26

@. Did the Indians eat cat
tails?-W. S.
A. Indians used TO dig, dry,
and grind the central starch
containing part of the root
stock Of the common broad
leaved cattail CTypha lati-
folia) into an edible meal.
The first white settlers In
Virginia are said to have
eaten the roots. too. The
rind Of a young cattail stem
from the root TO l8 inches
above ground may be peeled
off and the tender. white in
side eaten. The young fruit
less spikes are supposed 10
be edible when roasted.
@. Are there animal tracks
on the floor Of the ocean2-
ia.
A. Undersea photography
has revealed tracks and bur-
rows over wide areas OF the
soft ocean bottom. Since sed-
iment accumulates at the
slow rate OF one centimeter
or less In a 1000 years.
tracks remain visible for a
very long time. Some tracks
are made by animals on the
surface OF the ocean bottom
and some by animals beneath
II. one interesting track.
representative Of many be-
meath the Atlantic, is four
inches across; II may have
been made by a l0-legged
crustacean. other tracks are
the spiral and sinuous forms
which we're probably made by
worms.
Evening star., 1962-12-26
Answers to Questions
By THE HASKIN SERVICE

A reader can get an answer, by
mail to any question OF fact BY
writing The star Information Bu-
reau, 63b = street NV, Washington
age or self addressed. stamped
envelope.
Evening star., 1962-12-26
LETTERS TO THE STAR

ment under United Nations
supervision.
These are ideas to ponder
at this season of peace on
earth and goodwill to man.
Janet N. Neuman.
Women Strike for Peace.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-14
PUBLIC ALERTED
Shower Of Meteors
Due This Week

Inautics and Space Administra-
ton, said it was determined
after the 1899 embarrassment
that the Leonids' orbit had
been perturbed (altered) by a
close brush with a planet.
But the meteor shower may
reappear this year. according to
Edwin E. Triton, an official of
the American Meteor Society
IF a tremendous shower were
to occur this year, it would be
a great pity If the public had
not been alerted," Mr.. Triton
said. If it comes, he said, it
should appear either late Fri
day evening or early Saturday.
Meteors generally are marble
sized particles \ which blaze
brightly as they enter and are
consumed by the earth's atmos-
phere when the earth passes
through the main meteor group.
The group itself may be a vast
"shoal" of comet-trail particles
whirling in a solar orbit.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-14
Bertrand Russell
Files Libel Suit
On German Paper

MUNICH, Germany, Nov. IA
(AP).-Bertrand Russell today
filed a libel complaint against
editor Karl Heinz LANCE Of the
West German newspaper Bay
erische Staatszeitung, charging
the paper dragged his name
through the dirt"
/ The complaint stemmed from
an attack on Lord Russell in
the paper August 81 after the
philosopher had criticized the
behavior of local police during
youth riots. The Bayerische
Staatszeitung is privately
owned, but publishes the Ba-
varian State Governments
laws and official notices.
The riots, involving thou
sands of young people and po-
lice, ragged for five nights after
police had tried to clear away
three street singers who had
attracted a large audience. A
number of complaints were filed
charging police brutality.
The Bayerische Staatszeitung
article said that Lord Russell'S
philosophy would open the
door to anarchy, murder an6
manslaughter." 1t referred tt
him as a Jack Of all trades
who was notorious for opposing
any kind Of order imposed by
higher authorities.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-14

A famous swarm of meteors
which voyages through the solar
system on a sometimes UMPIRE
|dictable orbit may appear ir
the skies over Washington later
this week.
Area astronomers said the
meteor group-known as the
Leonids was reported in 1888
The Rev. Martin F. McCar-
thy. a Georgetown University
astronomer, said the Leonids
failure to reappear in a heavy
shower in 1899-as predicted
was one of the worst blows ever
suffered by astronomy in the
eyes Of the public. Father Nc
earthly said lesser Leonids
showers were seen in 1882 and
1861 and that some appear
every November.
DR.. John O'Keefe, an astron-
omer with the National Aero.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-14
Wotch of New Drugs
In Preqnoncies Advised

were extremely uncommon be-
fore the drugs introduction.
DR.. F. Clarke Fraser said, "if
thaldomide had produced a
common malformation on such
as cleft palate in. say, 10 per
cent of the cases where the
mother had taken the drug in
early pregnancy, we would
probably still not know It'll"
DR.. Fraser, besides being
president of the society, is di-
rector Of the Department Of
Medical Genetics at Canada's
McGill University. He said
about As malformed babies have
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-14

now been linked to thalidomide
in Canada. Worldwide, thou
sands of defective children have
been linked to the drug.
Suspects Other Drugs
DR.. Fraser's main point was
that many other drugs are
probably causing defects. These
defects are not blamed on the
drugs because the defects are
relatively common anyway, he
said.
At present, he continued,
there is no adequate system to
show how many women who
took New Drug x have children
who are not healthy. He rec
commended that such a system
be established by Government
or private groups. Meanwhile,
he said, doctors should keep
patients off all drugs not alb
solutely necessary for their
health.
IAN awful lot of women" he
said, take an awful lot Of
drugs for an awful lot Of nebu-
lous reasons"
DR.. Fraser also suggested that
thalidomide alone did not cause
the defects but Joined with
other factors. Whether or not
the embryo is malformed by
X-rays, drugs, hormones or in
fection," he said, depends
partly on both its own and its
mothers genetic constitution,
the mothers diet. the mothers
| physiology, the dose of the
agent, and many other things"
Animal Tests Not Sure
No matter how many tests
are made on pregnant animals
before a drug is released, there
may be different effects on
human embryos, he said. DR..
Fraser spoke at a seminar spon-
sored here by the National
Foundation, which supports re-
search on birth defects.
Yesterday a physician from
the University Of Michigan de-
scribed how he apparently has
saved two babies from cretin-
ism, a disorder producing
stunted and retarded children.
He gave the treatments to the
childrens' mothers while the
youngsters were unborn.
Cretinism is a disorder In
which the unborn infant lacks
the thyroid activity 1t needs
for normal growth and mental
keenneSS.
All Four Whole
DR.. George H. Lowrey, associ-
ate professor of pediatrics, said
he took four pregnant women
who had already each given
birth to two or more hopeless
cretins. He gave these mothers
massive doses Of thyroid ex-
tract which he believes were
passed on to the infants.
All four children were nor
mal-sized and mentally alert.
Two of these apparently
would have been healthy any
way. They proved to have
had their own thyroid activity
and appeared to be neither
helped nor hurt by the Thyroid
doses.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-14
By WILLIAM GRIGG
Star staff Writer

ANN ARBOR, Mich. Nov, IA.
Tho children Of the first 1000
pregnant women taking any
new drug should be carefully
studied. the president of the
American Society Of Human
Genetics said today, to prevent
future thalidomide- like TRACE
dies.
Thalidomide's effects on un-
born infants were not uncovered
until years after the drug was
discovered-in spite of the fact
that the effects were gross and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-14
POLES and SHELVES

You don't need tools talent to set up beautiful
shelf units like this in few minutes-n any Of
1901 arrangements. Our handsome free stondino
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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-14

now been linked to thalidomide
in Canada. Worldwide, thou
sands of defective children have
been linked to the drug.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-14
REGULAR &C. 70 e8s YD.
MIRACLE BLEND FABRICS

Printed royons and erepes, Ane triocetoe and ruyon
sungs royon fIonnes Ducron poester and cotton SUITS
5000 yards to choose from.
Fubrcs-Third Floor. Washington;
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The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1962-09-14
Homecoming At
Dillwyn Baptist
On September l6

BUCKINGHAM. Sept. 13-The
annual homecoming services
will BE- held SUNDAY. Sentmber
Is, at the First Baptist Church,
Dillwyn. The pastor. the Rev,
,'ohn W. Adams. will preach at
the II o'clock worship service.
Lunch will be served at noon.
At the afternoon service the
church will dedicate the recent
ly installed Baldwin organ and
carillion.
w. Dee Roberts, Of Lynch
burg, will be the guest minister
and will present a dedicatory
recital. The public is cordially
invited.
A revival service will be held
each night October l through
October 5 beginning at $50 pm.
at the Dillwvn Baptist Church.
The Rev. Charles Jolly, pastor
CT the Ivy Memorial Baptist
Church of Newport News, will
be guest minister.