davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-23

before the ll-naClOn v. N.
Security Council, which is due
to meet later today in the most
violent East-West verbal battle
since the Korean War.
Meanwhile, U. N. diplomats
are anxiously scanning the
diplomatic horizon for a posi-
BILE Soviet quarantine" of Ber-
lin. They doubt that the
Communist response tc Mr..
Kennedy will long remain solely
verbal.
Fireworks Welcome
Many will welcome U. N.
fireworks on the theory that
violent words can be a substi-
tute for violent action. The
U. NJ, they say. may be able
to help cushion the explosive
force of the Cuba quarantine
by giving Moscow and Havana
an opportunity to blow off
steam. 7
If, however, the Kremlin acts
= If it moves against Berlin
or tries to ram a naval convoy
through the American shield
around Cuba - the crisis will
blow into major proportions, it
is agreed.
The American strategy in the
q. NJ. a high-ranking diplomat
said, is to "give the Russians
a chance to set off verbal fire
works instead of gunfire. We
hope to 'decouple' Cuba"
What u. S. Wants
What the United States says
it wants from today's emer-
gency session Of the U. N. Sc
curity Council is very different
from what it expects to get.
What Washington says it
wants is:
/. A U. N. directive that So
Wet missiles must be disman-
tied and withdrawn from Cuba.
2. A team of U. N. observers
to go to Cuba and verify that
the directive has been carried
out.
8. Backhanded U. N. appro-
val for the quarantine in the
form of a decision that the
quarantine shall end when -
and only when - Soviet mis-
Siles have been withdrawn.
4. A call for a Soviet-Amer-
lean negotiation, perhaps at
summit level.
Negotiations Only
There is, observers agree,
virtually no chance that
United States Delegate Adlai E.
Stevenson can get any of these
things except the call for ne
gotiations.
A Soviet veto is certain to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-23
Stunned by U. S. Move,
Europe Awokes to Crisis
BY CROSBY s. MOVES
Enreipn Cnrresnnndent of The Star

PARIS Oct >23-What until has been dismissed too
lightly purely American problem has suddenly blown up
into world crisis of unparalleled gravity.
To say United States against Cuba and the
Soviet Union has caught Europe completely by surprise would
be an understatement few days the highest officials
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-10-23

here we're confidently preolct-
ing that nothing serious was
likely to happen and that Pre-
mier Khrushchev was taking no
great risk in his commitment
to Fidel Castro.
Public opinion, similarly un-
prepared for the dramatic and
dangerous turn of events. has
been slow to grasp the full
significance of Washington's
move.
Despite the buildup Of ten
sion over the week end, there
has been a strong tendency to
write off the excitement over
Cuba to American political
maneuvering. Few people took
it seriously enough to stay up
last night for President Ken
nedy's broadcast.
Disgruntled Reaction
This total lack of warning
was an unfortunate result OF
the deliberate secrecy imposed
by the administration on its
decision to blockade Cuba. And
it accounts for the fact that
the first reaction today is un-
comprehending. disconnected
and quite often disgruntled.
There are the usual COM
plants that the decision was
taken without prior consulta-
ton with the Western allies.
Dean Acheson's secret meeting
here yesterday with President
de Gaulle and Prime Minister
Pompido6 as well as the brief
ing Of the NATO council last
night merely informed the
allies of the Administrators
plans. The response on the
official level so far has been
very reserved.
There is a feeling, too, that
the coming diplomatic battle
over the American action may
not 60 well. AS long as the
showdown is considered as a
dispute between the United
States and Cuba, European
sympathies are by no means
united behind the American
move.
Newspaper Critical
This comment today by the
Manchester Guardian is fairly
typical:
even II (Cuba) has often
sive weapons their presence in
bases elsewhere has justified
no such drastic action. 1t is
hard to see how America car
act except on the grounds Of
mistaken self-interest. A block
AIDE so instituted will do Ameri.
cas- cause, her friends and hel
true interests serious harm To-
no worthwhile purpose"
AS the dimensions Of tn
crisis become clearer, however
this tone is likely to change
Europeans are only dimly be
ginning to realize that the res
showdown is not between Pres
ident Kennedy and Mr.. Castr
but between Mr.. Kennedy an
Premier Khrushchev and tina
the repercussionS could b
global in scale.
With this realization comes {
feeling of acute common dan
ger which tends to quiet criti'
ciSm of the decision taken ir
Washington. And also a gooc
deal of rather agitated Specu-
lation about what the next
move of the Russians may be
Khrushchev's COuntermeasures
One man at least who must
have been perfectly aware Of
risks he was running in Cuba
was Mr.. Khrushchev himself
Evening star., 1962-10-07

For more than a year, the
Labor Party refused to take a
stand on the Market. Even more
than the Conservatives, the La
borites were split down the middle
on the pros and cons OF the
Market.
The leftists in the party were
against it, the intellectuals for it.
Some unionists feared the effects
of the Market, others welcomed
them. At the time of the Com
monwealth Ministers meeting last
month, Mr.. Gaitskell threw his
support to the anti-Europe side,
splitting his followers even more.
At the Labor Congress last week
in Brighton, Mr.. Gaitskell spoke
out again against the Market. He
appealed to traditional British
nationalism and warned that
England might become a province
of Europe if it joined. He cast
doubt also on the economic bene-
fits that would accrue from join
ing. And finally. he said Britain
should not become member un-
less it is assured economic and
political independence, two things
which are impossible for the
Market to grant. With few dis
sents, his policy was accepted by
the Congress.
Evening star., 1962-10-07

the arguments against join
ing, but with typical Tory resolve,
he has given orders to press
ahead.
His top negotiator, Lord Heath,
has arrived in Brussels for to-
morrow's start of the next round
of talks with the Market Six. Lord
Heath is prepared to promise
England's adherence to the prin-
ciples laid down in the Treaty of
Rome which launched the Market
in 1857.
Most likely, Mr.. Macmillan will
hear more sentimental talk about
the proud little island" and the
loyal Commonwealth" this week
at the Conservative Party Con-
greSs. His party has never been
completely behind the plans to
enter the prosperous Market, and
the right-wing Tories undoubt-
edly will make a last try at pre-
venting England from joining.
But Mr.. Macmillan is believed
to have more than enough
strength to rally his party around
him at Llandudno. Ironically, he
probably was helped last week by
Labor Party leader Hugh Cats
kell who made the Market a ma
jor political issue.
Evening star., 1962-10-07
NATIONAL SCENE

swatted by Bobby Thompson OF
the Giants in the tie-breaking final
game.
This year, with the same teams
established in California, there was
another tie for the pennant. But
this time it was produced by a
complete collapse Of the Dodgers
while the Giants we're only par
TALLY collapsing.
Nor was the playoff decided in
such a dramatic way. although
there was excitement aplenty with
the Giants, now San Franciscans,
scoring four runs in the ninth in
ming of the third and decisive game
in the cavernous Los Angeles
stadium to win the National
League pennant.
Now the Giants are doing battle
With another. if less hated, long
time foe-the New York Yankees.
Six times previously they had met
in the World Series and the
Yankees won four times.
But Giant fans on both Coasts,
and all those folks who just like
to see the perennially winning
Yankees lose, are hoping that the
weary miracle men from Candle
stick Park will upset the odds and
give San Francisco its first world
baseball championship. The Yam
KEGS won the first Of the best Of
seven series and the Giants took
the second. They meet again to-
day.
Evening star., 1962-10-07

mon Market, an added attempt
to win her away from the West.
POLITICAL Yugoslavia has
become a leader of the so-called
non-aligned nations bloc, and her
support is eagerly sought by both
East and West. On almost every
international issue, however,
Marshal Tito has leaned toward
the Soviet side, infuriating GER
tain American Congressman who
have nearly succeeded in cutting
Yugoslavia off from American
aid, and in reducing the amount
of Yugoslav trade with this coun-
try.
The Soviet Union. moreover,
finds itself aligned with Yugo-
slavia against enemies in Albania,
and by extension, in Peking. AS
long as there was q chance OF
avoiding an theological war with
Peking, Moscow's relations with
"revisionist" Belgrade remained
cool Now that Mr.. Khrushchev
is himself known as a revision
ist" this is no longer necessary.
Evening star., 1962-10-07

solved in Brussels is what to do
about Commonwealth agricultural
products which presently are duty
free in England, but would lose
this privileged status If England
Joined the Market. The Six and
Britain agreed in principle last
July on some sort of worldwide
agreement for such products as
wheat, meat, butter and cheese.
Lord Heath will press for more
specific measures. to satisfy the
pro-Commonwealth forces at
home. Also, Lord Heath is obliged
to get suitable terms for Britain's
backward fruit and vegetable
growers. who would face sharp
competition from European farm
ers.
And finally, Britain feels re-
sponsible for the other members
of the European Free Trade As
sociation which was formed in
1858 to meet the challenge OF the
Market. Such countries as Austria,
Switzerland and Sweden want eco
nomic association with the Mar
ket but not a political one. The
European leaders, De Gaulle and
Adenauer especially, say that such
an alliance would weaken the
Market.
Evening star., 1962-10-07

ent country on August Is, 1947,
when the cold war had already
started. Though arriving in a di-
vided world, she had from the
beginning an undivided mind Of
her own. She was not to take
sides. She was to express her
views fearlessly and without pre-
judice as things arose.
Favourable to U. S.
Indians, at the birth of a free
India, had a very favourable opin-
ion Of the United States. Our
contacts with Americans, so far,
had been with missionary teach
ers, doctors and nurses. A finer
or a more dedicated set than
these people would be difficult to
discover.
We also knew about the Ameri-
can War of independence, her
great Constitution, her espousal OF
freedom everywhere including that
of India. We knew of your wealth,
your strength and your decisive
role in the two Great Wars. A
more promising basis on which to
build friendship would be diff
cult to conceive.
The fact that we have not sue
ceeded shows that something has
Evening star., 1962-10-07
Hit by Britain

This American action, however,
was sharply criticized by Great
Britain, long an advocate OF free
movement on the seas, and labeled
impractical by many observers.
Since Soviet ships rarely touch
United States ports, the ban will
have no effect on them. And thus,
the Russians can charter ships to
take their non-Cuba trade, and
use only their own and other bloc
ships for the Cuban trade. There
is nothing to prevent ships picking
I'D cargoes in Canada or else
where in the hemisphere.
President Kennedy's decision,
however, will give him needed
ammunition in the political cam
paign to answer scharges OF in
action in Cuba. Many Republi-
cans have made this an issue even
though G. O.P. leaders deny it.
Evening star., 1962-10-07

reason and logic. Logically, yes,
we should have been together
in the great issue Of colonial
freedom. We had both suffered
from colonial rule. We had both
in our respective ways fought
against It.
Erring Whitemon
We were also, naturally, deeply
concerned about the goings on
In South Africa. 'On this matter
too you were lukewarm. Your
sympathy seemed to lie with the
erring whiteman. We have been
in opposite camps, likewise, for
years on the problems of Algeria,
Portuguese possessions in Africa
and the speed and manner Of
comforting freedom on other Afri-
can countries. (Recently, let it be
recognized this cause Of mutual
annoyance has perceptibly mar
rowed to a near vanishing point.
We are happy to be together now
on the questions of the Congo,
South Africa, South West Africa,
Angola and other colonial sore
spotS)
But until two years ago, for
no fault of ours, the United
States projected an image Of her
Evening star., 1962-10-07
Favor Action

In other developments. the
United. States persuaded an in
formal meeting of Latin Ameri-
can foreign ministers to discuss
more concrete measures against
Castro's Cuba. The ministers,
sharply divided on what to do
about Cuba, agreed to a meeting
of the Organization of American
States this week to undertake
antisubversion measures.
Most Latin American countries
favor some sort Of action, but
three major nations-Brazil, Mex
leo and Chile-refuse to interfere
or take sides against Cuba. And
as long as they hold out, any
united hemisphere action is i'm
possible. The United States would
like some sort of combined Carib-
bean command, and a total en-
barge on shipping with Cuba from
other Latin nations, but these
goals are politically explosive in
many capitals. Most ministers
fear that such action might give
Castro the martyrdom ne seeks.
And in Havana, James B. DON
ovan. the New York lawyer who
represents the families of LILO
Cuban prisoners, was trying to ar
range their release from confine-
ment These men were captured
after the ill-fated Bay Of Pigs
invasion in April last year.
Ever since that time, Castro has
Evening star., 1962-10-07
THE FOREIGN SCENE

undoubtedly this is welcomed by
the Yugoslavs who have a much
more de-centralized economy than
the Russians and a more liberal
political system.
In their final communique, Mr..
Brezhnev and Tito agreed on the
danger" of the Common Market
to world trade, the need" for a
German peace treaty, and for
closer Soviet Yugoslav relations.
The communique, however, sig
nificantIy recognized the inde-
pendence of Yugoslavia as lead
er of the aligned camp. This
is sure to arouse the anger of
the "dogmatic" Communists In
Peking, Tirana and elsewhere.
The general impression is that
Belgrade needs Soviet economic
help, and Moscow in turn wants
Belgrade's political cooperation.
When Mr.. Tito makes his Mos
COW trip-not Unexpectedly an
nounced at the end of the Brezh-
nev visit-Mr. Khrushchev may
try to WOO him back into the
Soviet camp.
Evening star., 1962-10-07
The Factors

Two factors, however. have led
to a resumption of cordial rela-
tions between the Comm munist
states. One is economic and the
other is political.
ECONOMIC About 10 per cent
of Yugoslavia's trade has been
with the West. In 1861, for in
stance, its total volume with the
West was about 210 billion dinars.
With the East, 1t was 100 billion
dinars. The Common Market,
however, with its general tariff
wall has sharply reduced Yugo-
slavia's export market for agri-
cultural goods.
Without an overseas market, Of
course, Yugoslavia lacks the capi-
tai to import needed industrial
machinery. The Soviet Union has
recognized this, and last March.
signed a five-year trade agree
ment with Belgrade that is sup
posed to boost Soyiet-Yugoslav
trade by 80 per cent. Moreover,
the Soviet bloc has been talking
of inviting Yugoslavia into Com
econ, its equivalent of the Com
Evening star., 1962-10-07
Nhy the Worlds Two Biggest Democracies Disagree

a complainant could have been
turned into a defendent. They
blame their Government for ap-
preaching the Security Council in
1948 instead of finishing the job
militarily. And they also blame
Western countries for mishan-
ding the issue.
The United States comes in for
special censure, for instead Of
helping to sooth matters, she ac-
cepted Pakistan as military ally.
This was an affront to India. 1t
was a case of extreme insensi-
tivity. To us it looked like a
judge palling up with a culprit.
This relationship subsists and is
in keeping with the expediency
which, in Indian minds, often
characterizes United States for
eign policy.
Aid to Pukiston Hit
A direct concomitant of this
hook-up is United States military
aid to Pakistan which has tended
to create a military imbalance in
the region. The latest example is
grant of a squadron of F-104s
which India does not possess. No
responsible Indian Government
can allow itself to be exposed to
the danger they present.
Last year when the squadron
was about to be dispatched, I
talked to senior officials in the
White House and in the State
Department. I asked them:
These planes would be of no
great value to Pakistan against
Soviet Russia. They could only
be used If at all, against India.
Why do you take a step which
does not measurably strengthen
the purpose of the alliance but
perceptibly endangers IndiaP"
The reply I received was too
light-hearted to be mentioned
here. 1t showed that, though
the Indian view was understood,
the Administration felt obliged to
go on with the military aid.
Indians, therefore, draw the OBJ
vious conclusion that the United
States, despite the New Frontiers
is tied to inherited concepts,
based on the quaint view that
the struggle for ideas, for in
stance, in Pakistan can be won
by the increase of arms and the
support of a dictator. The tran
guilty of India's progress, rocked
by the step, is of less concern
than the maintenance Of an al
lance of doubtful value. In this
process, the reality of India's
democratic strength is ignored.
Reliance is placed, instead, on the
mirage of Pakistan's loyalty.
Until someone in the United
States of America calmly sits
down to strike a balance between
the value of Pakistan's opportun-
iStic alliance with this country
and the value of India's friend
ship, based on equality and mu-
tual global interest, I am afraid,
United States of Americas image
in India cannot greatly improve.
The current oscillations in their
relationship will continue.
This is a sad but sober fact.
Evening star., 1962-10-07
FriendIier Terms

Since last falls Conn munist
Party Congress in Moscow, Mr..
Khrushchev and Tito have been
on much friendlier terms. Yugo-
slav Foreign Minister Popovic has
visited Moscow, and now, Presi-
dent Brezhnev has visited Bel
grade. These visits were sharply
attacked by Peking, but the Rus
slams have only turned the other
cheek.
Ideologically, there still are diff
ferences between Moscow and Bel
grade, but not enough to prevent
a rapprochment. The reins on the
East European satellites have
been eased in recent years, and
Evening star., 1962-10-07
Determined

Mr.. Macmillan will find much
in the Gaitskell speech to attack
this week, and in Brussels, Lord
Heath will probably try to assure
the Market Council Of Ministers
that England is determined to
join the Market, regardless Of Mr..
Gaitskell.
The Market negotiations have
been in recess since August 5. In
the interim, the Commonwealth
ministers have had their say.
They had grave doubts, but gave
grudging consent to Market talks
having been promised by Mr.. Mac
milan that their economic prob
lens would be resolved.
The major problem still not re-
Evening star., 1962-10-07

self which seemed to us false to
history. During this period, we
often found her in the company
of tyrants and dictators. There
fore, the choice for us was often
between Soviet tyranny and the
defenders of Western colonialism.
We had no reason to give our
unqualified allegiance to either.
The fact that the United
States chose dictators as friends
in the name of freedom or in
dependence, made matters worse,
not better.
Uneouth Expedieney
We could understand, even If
we did not appreciate, the Com
munist exploitation of freedom"
and the distortions of "liberations
movements" We could neither
understand nor appreciate the
misuse of these words by the
United States. Maybe we expected
higher standards of political So
phistication than we received. We
had associated expediency with
Communism. Now we found 1t
also practiced by the United
States and nearly as uncouthly,
If your image in Indian minds
was marred by your association
Evening star., 1962-10-07
Continued From Page Ell

OO0LAuuCu AAOAh = oSC - =
States has been partially subsidiz-
ing the trade with Cuba. If these
ships had to return home empty
1"dead headD, the cost for the
shipper would be quite high, and
might make him think twice about
taking on a Cuban consignment.
With this in mind, the White
House has announced plans to
crack down on the Cuban trade.
Spokesman said last week that the
Government plans to issue an or
de- forbidding any ship dropping
off goods in Cuba from picking up
a United States cargo. Further
more, if any ship carries military
or strategic goods to Cuba, all
ships from that country will be
barred from American ports. And
as part Of the foreign aid bill
being discussed in committee. all
aid will be cut off from a country
that trades strategic goods with
Cuba.
Evening star., 1962-10-07
Baseball:
World Series

The San Francisco Giants beat
the Los Angeles Dodgers in
playoff for the National League
pennant last week and found
themselves in the World Series
against the New York Yankees.
In 1851, after an amazing late
gust-September surge that
closed a 1872 game gap. the New
York Giants tied the Brooklyn
Dodgers. The two teams met in a
memorable playoff which was
decided by one Of the most decisive
home runs in baseball history, one
Evening star., 1962-10-07
Communists:
Friendship

At the end of Soviet Presi-
dent LeOnid 1. Brezhnev's 10
day visit last week, Yugoslav
President JOsip Br0Z Tito an
nOunced he would visit Moscow
this December.
In 1948 Marshal Tito startled
the world by breaking with Stain
but remaining Communist. The
Soviet Union HAS been waging an
intermittent campaign ever since
to win Yugoslavia back into the
Soviet camp.
In the final Stain years, the
campaign was principally one of
vicious invective. Tito was called
Judas Tito" for selling out to
the American imperialists," and
efforts were made to subvert the
Yugoslav central committee and
overthrow Tito.
BY 1855, however, when it was
obvious that Yugoslavia was sue
CCCQlIlB "lO1lOuL OOFACO AACAP NDOb
with American aid, the Russian
line changed. Premier Khrushchev
visited Belgrade that year, and in
1856, Tito visited Moscow. The
tough, wartime leader, however,
refused to break his lucrative
contacts with the West, and to
rejoin the Soviet bloc.
The revolutions in Poland and
Hungary that year were support
ed by Yugoslavia, and the Yugo-
slav embassy, in fact, gave politi-
cal asylum in Budapest to Imre
Macy. When Hungarian officials
reneged on their promise to give
Macy an exit visa, and instead
arrested and executed him, Yugo-
slav-Russian relations reached a
new low.
Evening star., 1962-10-07

offered to ransom the prisoners,
first for tractors, then for cash,
and now, it is believed, for food.
Attorney Donovan, who secured
Gary Powers release from the So
Wet Union, is also the Democratic
candidate for the Senate from
New York.