davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-07

While the glow of victory
in the long fight for two adj
ditional judges for the Juve-
nile Court remains with us,
the D. c. League of Women
Voters would like to give a
word of special appreciation
to The Star for its great
contribution.
We do not at all agree
with the statement made in
the House debate on the
Davis bill that the press was
responsible for the commu-
nifty concern and agitation
over this issue. On the con-
trary, we know this concern
to have been genuinely based
on the merits of the case.
The press, however, rendered
great service to our cause in
both news and editorial COL
umns. It was most helpful
to have news of community
efforts and Congressional
developments so fully report
ed. The encouragement of
frequent and we'll written
editorials meant much to the
wide croSS-Section of local
organizations working to-
gether in this campaign and
undoubtedly carried weight
with many Congressman. We
are truly grateful to you for
having given such effective
voice to this great united
community campaign.
Mrs. Richard C. SimOnson,
President, b. c. League of
Women Voters.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-07
A BOOK FOR TO-DAY
Rickover"s Yordstick for Education
By DONALD MINTZ

argument. But we must study
the educational paradise we
are to emulate, and the cur
ricula and the examinations
included in an appendix are
a useful first tool.
We observe that these rig
orus curricula are impressive
in the amount of knowledge
they require. But we also
observe that they are hope
lessly outmoded. The scien-
tific curricula are almost
wholly classical. These al
legged models contain no
mention of superconductivity,
scarcely a word about nu-
clear physics, no contempt
rary mathematics. Sociology,
anthropology and psychology
do not exist at all. There
appears to have been no lit
erature written since the
war.
Nor has Admiral Rickover
met the frequent European
objection that despite pious
declarations to the contrary,
manipulation of information
that is, thinking is ne
elected in favor of the &C
emulation of vast quantities
of factual knowledge for its
own sake.
ADMIRAL RICKOVER
maintains that the work week
imposed on pre-university
students is good for them.
Unfortunately. this is far
from universally accepted. A
few years ago, a number of
physicians in Munich an
nounced that the health of
young people in this part of
the educational system was
being seriously undermined
by overwork, an announce
ment that loosed a glorious
flood of polemics.
But for all this, we must
not lose sight of the funda-
mental argument. Though
Admiral Rickover does his
exposition little service by I'M
critically accepting the details
of the Swiss curricula, his
basic propositions neverthe-
less remain valid. Education
can be vastly better-and in
cidentally a good deal cheap
er-than it now is in all but
a few isolated schools in the
United States. This is as true
at the highest levels, where as
every book reviewer knows,
the Pho. is no guarantee
that its holder is acquainted
with elementary principles of
English Syntax, as it is in the
first years of universal
schooling.
America did not pioneer
free, universal education. Nor
is it doing well with it now.
One hopes that millions of
Americans will make the &C
quaintance of Admiral Rick
overs vital book.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-07
Urban Affairs

Certain arguments against
the creation Of a Department
of Urban Affairs do not seem
valid. One such appears in
your recent editorial, "Strict-
ly Political" Threats of re-
prisal at the polls are COM
mon practice, are expected by
candidates for reelection,
and are ignored by the
worthy ones as risks which
they are willing to accept
rather than desert their con-
victions. Constituents who
give timely notice of their
wishes and their election day
intentions render a sports
manlike service which accords
a candidate an opportunity
to present his stand more
fully in his campaign, to re-
study his position, or to COM
promise. Furthermore, as a
representative of his conStit-
uency, a member of Congress
should be willing to defer to
their wishes so long as morals
and principles are not being
violated. If such be the case,
it becomes his duty to en-
tighten the people or to accept
the risks of opposing them.
This is politics, to be sure, but
not cheap politics. It is
cricket and wholesome.
Another weak argument is
that such a department would
increase bureaucracy. Con-
greSs has already established
the Housing and H o m e
Finance Administration
Departmental status would
merely increase it's capacity
to function more effectively.
1t would not add an entirely
new agency. Such depart
ments as Commerce, Agricul-
ture and Labor came into
being for the same reason.
No one who benefits under
them would be willing to see
them abolished to reduce
bureaucracy.
The weakest stand is on the
race issue. 1t has been in
jected by the opponents of the
proposed department. The
President and DR.. Weaver
have endeavored to keep it
out of the picture, except
when direct questions have
left them no alternative. The
United States is aiding under
privileged people all over the
world to achieve their decent
aspirations. It should be
proud that a segment of our
Nation has abandoned meek
ness and begging and is using
proper democratic procedures
in its own behalf.
Walker Lewis Savoy.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-07
Poland and Germany

One has to welcome the
just and realistic attitude
adopted in the recently pub
lished memorandum by eight
prominent lie a d e RS of the
German Evangelical Church,
among them Prince Klaus
Won Bismarck, great-nephew
of the Iron Chancellor" who
all favor the recognition by
West Germany of the Polish
Western frontiers along the
Oder Neisse Rivers. Since the
growing military might of
the reborn West German
army is considered by the
Polish people as a new threat
to these frontiers, only their
speedy recognition by the
Western powers in general,
and the West German gov
eminent in particular, may
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-07
National Debt

A recent article in The
Star, entitled Donors Chip
Away at Debt-A Losing
Fight" told how Americans
are helping to reduce the ma
tional debt by contributing to
a special fund established in
the Treasury last July 81. AS
the article stated, these patri-
otto gestures can never make
a significant dent in our
enormous public debt, now
approaching the $300-billion
mark.
Even so, it is gratifying to
know that Americans are
concerned about our financ-
ial integrity and solvency.
Unfortunately, the Kennedy
administration does not seem
to share this concern. Pres
Kennedy's proposed 1926
billion budget, the biggest
in peacetime history. antici-
pateS a precarious $500 mil
lion surplus. This surplus,
and indeed the budget itself,
depends on revenue which
may or may not be forthcom-
ing. AS the President himself
admitted, a balanced budget
will be possible only if eco
nomic progress continues, in
creased postal rates are OBJ
tanned, and the Berlin crisis
is mitigated. His entire 1868
defense budget assumes that
the special measures asso-
ciated with (the Berlin) crisis
will terminate at the begin
ming of that fiscal year July
l, 1922" If Khrushchev's in
tentions in this regard have
been miscalculated, the whole
budget will be thrown out of
kilter.
Now that we are in a pc
riod of relative prosperity
and economic growth, one
would think that the time is
right for meeting our fl
nancial obligations regard
ing the debt. Instead, the
New Frontier is blazing an
inflationary trail of Federal
spending which, in the long
run, can only lead to our
financial and economic ruin.
President Kennedy is at
tempting to sell Congress a
whole new series of billion
dollar programs, financed,
of course, by the American
taxpayer. Budget Director
Bell said recently that none
of us should be surprised
when the budget passes the
500 billion mark some time
during the next few years."
Americans are now paying
$9.4 billion interest per an
mum on the Federal debt; one
tenth of our entire budget
goes for this expenditure. The
debt is now equivalent to a
mortgage of $1,000 for every
American family. 1t is grossly
immoral for our Govern
ment to borrow money it
never intends to repay. If
confidence is lost in our
solvency and the soundness
of our currency, America is
lost indeed. The pages of
history are strewn with ma
tons which spent themselves
into bankruptcy and chaos.
Thomas Jefferson SOL
EMMY admonished: II place
economy among the first and
most important virtues and
public debt as the greatest
danger to be feared. To pre-
serve our freedom we must
not let our rulers load us
with perpetual debt. We must
make our choice between
economy and liberty or pro-
fusion and servitude." Let
us hope that the American
people. understanding the
dangers involved in extrav-
agent spending and unpay-
able debts, will be able to
restore the Nation to the
sure path of fiscal respon-
sibility.
Calvin G.. ZOn.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-07
PARIS.

PARIS.
Much as one may deplore
President de Gaulle's tend
ency to deal himself out of
major international confer
ences, there still is q certain
grim realism in the French
prediction that the coming
17-nation disarmament talks
at Geneva offer mo hope of
a partial solution" of the
problem.
In fact, if unlimited pes
simism is ever justified, it is
justified by the idea that this
improbable assortment of
conferees can make any real
contribution to the problem of
world disarmament. Apart
from the confusion it is hard
to see what will be added by
the presence at the council
table of Nigerians, Brazilians,
Indians, Burmese and Ethi-
opians, Swedes, Mexicans and
Egyptians.
Since this state of affairs
is pretty well admitted by
everyone, how then does one
explain the note of optimism
reflected in the reports from
Washington and London?
And above all, how can one
explain the virtually unan-
imouS prediction that the
present conference at Geneva
will inevitably lead to a sum-
NIT meeting sometime after
the middle of May?
Two Conferences
One answer, of course, is
that there is not only one
conference in the offing at
Geneva but two. Before the
II get down to business on
Wednesday, March IA, the
foreign ministers of Britain,
Russia and the United States
will have a two-day round
on the question of nuclear
tests. The fact that Khru-
shchev has agreed to send
Foreign Minister Gromyko,
withdrawing his own sugges-
ton for a monstrous, 49,
nation meeting of heads of
state. is taken in some quar-
tiers as a hopeful sign.
Quite obviously, if there is
any serious hope for the con-
ference at all, it lies in the
field of nuclear testing, rather
than the broader general dis
armament talks that are to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-07
What Glenn Saw?

l enjoyed the account OF
the spots that Astronaut
Glenn saw outside his
capsule. The psychologists
question, What did they
say, John?", will go down in
history.
It may be, however, that
this was a subjective pheno-
menon. There are minute
bodies present in the rear
chamber of the eyeball
(within the vitreous humour)
that give rise to spots be-
fore the eyes, under certain
conditions. These bodies are
subject to the laws of gravity.
Their presence is not a sign
of illness, because everyone
has them. A great variety of
conditions can cause them to
occur, for example, the
slightest drainage of blood
from the retina. The bodies
sink down in the eye after
every movement of the eye
ball. They have even been
measured; their breadth is
1880 inch.
If a piece of cardboard
about the size of a post card
is pierced by a pin, one is
equipped to see the spots.
Scientists call these spots,
muscae volitantes, which can
be translated as soaring
flies" or flying flies" One
eye is closed and the card
board with the pinhole is
held very close to the other
eye. If a frosted light bulb
or the bright sky is inspected
through this pinhole, it is
possible to see a number of
unusual, minute spots. These
spots slowly sink down out
of the field of vision. It is
easy to see the spots before
the eyes when sunbathing if
one Squints at the bright sky.
A characteristic that is
troublesome to anyone who
wishes to study this pheno-
menon is the fact that the
spots slowly sink from view.
1t is possible. however, when
a spot has just disappeared
to glance quickly upwards
and the spot will come shoot
ing up again. In a bright
field of vision these bodies
inside the eye cast shadows
upon the retina and this is
the reason that they are
visible. G. Niese's book,
Physics is Fun, gives a good
treatment Of these expert
ments.
I surmise that Glenn saw
muscae volitantes. He did not
have to glance quickly up
wards" to bring them into
view, because the normal
gravitational field did not
pull these bodies to the bot
tom of the eye. The bodies
floated around in a weight
less" state. Secondly, we see
these spots during unusual
lighting conditions, that is,
in the bright sunlight, or
when squirting through a
pinhole at a bright light.
Glenn saw the bodies when
he moved from darkness to
light, when the rising sun
struck his eyes.
Old Timer
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-07
SWISS SCHOOLS AND
OURS: WHY THEIRS ARE

SWISS s HOOL s AND
OURS: WHY THEIRS ARE
BETTER. BY H. G.. Rick
over, Vice Admiral, USN,
with an introduction by
Mortimer Smith. PIG PIP.
Atlantic Little, Brown:
$685.. (Sponsored by the
Council for Basic Educa-
tionD
In his second book on ed
ucation, the distinguished
"nuclear admiral" Lyman
G. Rickover, offers a detailed
discussion of the Swiss school
system from kindergarten to
university. His purpose is not
to spread knowledge for its
own sake but to offer a spe-
cific set of standards by
which American education
can be measured.
Why has he chosen Swift
zerland as the nation to
study? Education, after all,
is very much the same
throughout Western Europe.
The answer is simple: by ex-
aiming continental educa-
ton as it is practiced in a
nation with an extravagantly
heterogeneous population and
an ancient, democrat C,
states rights" tradition,
Admiral Rickover hopes to
disarm most of the standard
rebuttals before they are
made.
And he has succeeded. His
discussion of the meaning of
democracy" in education
demonstrates beyond all con-
tradiction that democratic
education must be defined as
an instruction that offers
equal opportunity to all while
assuming that the accom-
plishments of the young
people in it's charge will diff
fer widely from one another,
and a system, moreover, that
insists that all students, re-
gardless of intelligence and
motivation, meet rigorous
minimum standards of COM
petence in basic, intellectual
disciplines.
VERY FEW continental
young people attend uni
versities. And very few COM
plete the kind of secondary
education that will qualify
them to attend should they
so desire. Nevertheless the
widespread American idea
that European children'S
educational attainments are
predetermined by examina-
lions given before Adde'S
cence is nonsense; it is gen.
orally possible to change
from one type of education
to another and there is a
tendency to increase the
number and flexibility of the
opportunities to do So.)
Furthermore, maintains
Admiral Rickover, Europeans
are better educated than
their American counterparts
at all stages of achievement.
Americans who doubt this
are invited to peruse the
essays by young workers
printed in the appendix. Ad-
miral Rickover might also
have invited them to spend
a few minutes in CONVERSE
ton with the imported me-
chanics who, in increasing
numbers, are keeping our
cars on the streets.
The inferiority of Ameri-
can education, then, is con-
vincingly d lie monstrate d.
Equally important are the
causes of our inferiority, his
torical and social. Here Ad-
miral Rickover's exposition
is clear and convincing as
are the remedies he proposes.
Let us grant the basic
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-07
@. What kind of rails were
used nv railroads haFo,o .4ooI

@. What kind of rails were
used by railroads before steel
ones came into use? c. M.
A. The Association of
American Railroads saws
that the earliest railroads in
the United States were built
of wooden rails capped with
thin strips ('fstraps"D of iron
to provide a running sur
face for the wheels. These
were called "Strap-rails."
Iron rails Is feet long were
imported from England as
early as 1881, and by 1845
or 1850 most railroads were
being built of iron rails.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-07

signed to the distant stations. Bob Hope
we'll deserves the thanks voiced by the
President, the greetings radioed from
servicemen in far places and his selec-
ton by the Screen Producers Guild for
the 1862 Milestone Award
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-07

help to dispel this fear and
create the basis for the i'm
provement of Polish German
relations.
Stefan KOrbOnski,
Chairman, Polish Delegation
to the Assembly of Captive
European Nations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-07
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used it
letters carry 1DriterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
tiers are subject to condenSa-
ton. Those not used will be
returned only when accom-
panied By self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-07
Answers to Questions
BY THE HASKIN SERVICE

A. reader can gee an answer, by
mail, to any question Of fact by
writing The Star Information Bu-
reau, 635 F. street NV. Washington
4, D. c. Please inclose return post.
age or seh-addressed. stamped
Kodiak mirror., 1962-11-02
Notices

ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS. Ph.
 486-543O or 486-2364. tin
Kodiak mirror., 1962-11-02

House 12x30, 1 bedroom. New stove and refrigerator. A good buy if you have a lot. Easy to move. S2,20O. Call 486-2420.
Kodiak mirror., 1962-11-02

One small house and several good,
 unimproved lots for sale. For information call Kodiak Aleu- tian Realty 486-2960. 2-1n
Kodiak mirror., 1962-11-02

Martins Fresh King Crab, cook ed daily, packed to ship. Box 513. Ph. 486-2377 or 486-5566.
 tin
Kodiak mirror., 1962-11-02

Reliable Senior girl will do baby sitting evenings and weeken Is
 Ph. 486-5189 after 5 and week ends. 2-nc
Kodiak mirror., 1962-11-02

1853 Chevrolet Bus-recently re- modelled. Excellent for trailer s
 feet by 35 feet. Price $75O. Ph.
 Leonard Chute, 486-5399. 2-1n
Kodiak mirror., 1962-11-02

1855 Chev. Station Wagon V-8, auto. trans. R&H. Good tires. Good spare. Ph. 486-5569.
Kodiak mirror., 1962-11-02

MARTINS HARE VIE w PLUMBING & HEATING - In. stallation - Repairs - Cleaning - Thawing. Free estimates = Union Shop. Featuring Crane &
 American Standard hot water heating systems. Bank financing on approval of credit. Ph. 486- 2422. tin
Kodiak mirror., 1962-11-02

Chevy Aton Pickup, 1851. Low
 mileage. Good shape. Call Emil Norton at 486-2242. 2-1n
Kodiak mirror., 1962-11-02

Male Siamese kitten, 5 months old.
 Ph. 486-5189 2-nc
Kodiak mirror., 1962-11-02
Services

Saw filing, pick up and delivery for fast service. Hand filing. 486 -5399. 26-1n
Kodiak mirror., 1962-11-02

New Barton Gas Powered washing machine, $2OO. 100000 BTU forced air furnace complete, $1OO. Norge automatic washer, works OK, $35. Blackstone 220V Dryer, works OK, $35. See Yer. lyn at Kodiak AirwayS or call 486-2687.
Kodiak mirror., 1962-11-02

One share in Flying-Eight Club. Includes share in 85-T-Craft with
 wheels, skis and floats, presently on floats. Sale subject to ap- preval of other members. Call 486-2831 days or 486-5396 eve nings. Ely
Kodiak mirror., 1962-11-02

Need Extra Money! Wanted exper- fenced lady to do ironing in your own home once week $1.35 per
 hour. Call 486-2377. 2-1n
Kodiak mirror., 1962-11-02
A.K.C. Registered

BarkleSs, Basenzi Puppies
 From championship stock. Make ideal apartment as we'll as field dogs. Quiet, clean, odorless, non- shedding. Very good with chil- dren. For further information call Henry HarriAon after 5 pm. at 486-2604 or write Box 805, Kodiak. tin
Kodiak mirror., 1962-11-02

One full size bed, head and foot
 boards, coil springs. Simmons Beauty-Rest mattress and cover. Good cond. Ph. 486-2341. 2-2y
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1962-02-09
leader Training
Meeting Scheduled

AMELIA, Feb. 8-Miss Kath-
crime Habel, VPI house furnish
rigs specialist, will train home
demonstration club leaders in
'melia county on Accessories
md Their Use" at the Jackson
"uilding here on Wednesday,
february IA, at 1:'O pm.
Most of the IL Clubs in the
county have three home furn-
'7i~es leaders who are respon-
BILE for three demonstrations.
February, March. and April.
This will be the third training
session Miss Habel has taught
on house furnishings in the
county.
She has asked those attending
the meeting to bring an acces-
sorry that is good, and one that
is bad, in line, design, or tex
ture, for discussion. Accessories
include vases, trays, wooden
objects Or metal objects, book
ends, and wall hanglngs.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1962-02-09
Cookbook Group
Named In Amelia

AMELIA. Feb. 5 Mrs. w.
T. Chimney. president Of the
Home Demonstration Club Coun-
ty Council. has appointed an ex-
ecutive committee for the cook
book which the Amelia county
clubs will compile and sell for
the benefit of an International
Farm Youth Exchange (IFYE)
student to be sent abroad from
the county.
Chairman of the committee is
Mrs. H. D. Painter. Others serv-
ing are Mrs. Irving Morris and
Mrs. c. How Wilson. Each OF
the IL clubs has a representa-
i've on the committee.
TIE basic classifications to be
used in the cook book are:
bread; desserts frostings,
cakes, pies. candies. sauces:
salads dressings; beverages:
vegetables including main
dishes, cass eroles, soups,
sauces; meats inclu d ing
60 uces, dressings, garnisheS;
miscellaneous.
Each club member is expect
ed to submit recipes for the
book and outstanding recipes
from outside persons will be ac-
cepted.
The cookbook is expected to
be ready for sale around the
first week in May
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1962-02-09
Mrs. j. Aubrey
Gillian H0n0red
On Birthday

PAMPL1N RID 2, Feb. g.
Mrs. ]. Aubrey Gillian celebrat-
ed her birthday Sunday. Her
son. Otway, and Mrs. Gillian,
Of Lynchburg, her daughter,
Mrs. Richard Harris, and fami-
ly, of Spout Spring, and another
daughter. Mrs. Lewis Carwile,
and family, Of Madisonville
Mrs Hugh E. Carwile, Sr., and
other relatives were together to
enjoy the occasion.
Patricia Hudson, daughter of
the John Hudsons, has chicken
pox.
Mrs. H. c. Cunningham re-
turned Saturday morning from
Durham N. c., after a few days
visit with her daughter, Mrs.
Clarence Bradshaw. and family
Mr.. and Mrs. Billy johnson,
Peggy 10, Frank and Ronnie, of
Far1nville. were Sunday visitors
OF her parents, Mr.. and Mrs. J..
T. Baker.
Mrs. Leslie Pankey spent sew
eral days last week with her
mother, Mrs. W. w. Adams, who
has been sick for some time.
A number of friends attended
the funeral services Of Ernest
T. Jamerson in Apponlattox on
Thursday afternoon.
Cue is Of Mr.. and Mrs.
George West Booker Sunday
were her aunts. Mrs. John Gil
liam and Miss jamie Gillian
their daughter. Mrs. Billy Wom-
ack, and Joe and Susan, Of
Famville.
Mrs. J. T. Baker and Mrs. R.
2. Booker attended the funeral
OF Mr.. Clifton Paulette in Ever
green Sunday afternoon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Walter N. Cum
nlngham and Robbie and Mike,
Of Richmond, were week end
visitors Of his parents, the E.
NJ Cunninghams.
John Cakes is a patient in
the Lynchburg General Hos
pital. His friends hope he'll inn
prove quickly and soon get home.
The Carlton Cunningham
family and the Hugh Cunning
hams. Of Farmville, visite d
their parents, the H. c. Cum
ninghams, Saturday.
Mrs. Claud Morris and chill
dren. of Buckingham. are visit
ing her parents, Mr.. and Mrs.
H. G. Carwile. ST.. this week.
The E. N. Cunninghams. with
the Walter Clmninghams. were
Sunday dinner guests of the
Robert Lee Joneses in Farm
vile.