davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-24
Hard Times in Algeria

Hard economic realities appear to
be having moderating influence on
Premier Ahmed Ben Bella of Algeria.
Not so long ago he gave the impression
of being determined to convert his newly
independent country into a thoroughly
socialized "neutraliSt" state. But now
he has been at pains to declare % that
his naturalization program will apply
only to such major industries as power
and mining, (2) that it will not affect
the European oil companies in the Sa-
hara (from which his government gets
so per cent of the royaltieS), and 90
that most Algerian businesses will re-
main under private control. Moreover,
he has asserted that one of his key pol
icies is to strive for healthy co-opera-
ton" with France.
In giving voice to these remarks,
Mr.. Ben Bella undoubtedly has had in
mind the fact that his foreign minister
will soon be in Paris for talks with lead
erS of the French government, which is
supporting Algeria's administrative
budget with a subsidy amounting to
about 50 million day. This aid, how
ever, is scheduled to come to an end on
January /, and so some new arrange
ments will have to be sought for con-
tinuing help from France, not to men
ton the United States. Otherwise the
Algerian economy will face the prospect
of steady and grave deterioration to the
point Of bankruptcy and collapse. The
situation is already bad enough, of
course, as a result Of policies that have
led upwards of 100000 Europeans to quit
the country, liquidating their enterprises
there and taking with them close to 81
billion Of working capital.
Faced with these conditions, and
also with riotous demonstrations by
many thousands Of hungry and unem-
ployed Algerians, Mr.. Ben Bella has good
reason to feel sense Of urgency in seek
ing to improve relations with France,
persuade Europeans to stay in his coun-
try and encourage return of the invest
ment capital that has fled. His latest
words on the subject are designed to
reaSSure those who have been alarmed
by some Of his past actions. If he really
means what he now says, then Algeria
which is rich in natural resources
should be able to overcome its present
difficulties and advance and prosper,
economically, socially and politically,
as free land cooperating with the free.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-24
Abstruse, but

This years Nobel Prizes in physics
and chemistry have been awarded to
men whose accomplishments are rather
too abstruse for most of us to compre-
bend with any real precision. Indeed,
even scientists working in the same
fields are not altogether sure Of where
these accomplishments are likely to
lead. However, there is no doubt that
they are going to lead somewhere, and
significantly, in terms of advancing
mans knowledge of himself and his
environment.
Thus in the case of the physics
award which has gone to DR.. Lev
D. Landau of the Soviet Union the
achievement involved has to do with
his pioneering theories for condensed
matter, especially liquid helium" and its
extraordinary properties at temperatures
near absolute zero. At the moment these
theories seem to belong to the world
Of pure abstraction, but they offer new
"inSightS," according to scientific au-
thoritieS, that promise to be of major
Importance in the development Of such
things as electronic computers and
spacecraft equipment.
AS for the Nobel Prize in chemistry,
1t has been awarded jointly to Drs. Max
F. Perutz and John C. Kendrew, both of
Cambridge University, for their achieve
ment in throwing new light on the vastly
complicated molecular structure and
functioning Of the human body. Their
findings, like DR.. Landau'S, are so scien-
tifically complex that they cannot be
translated into simple or singing prose
making everything clear to everybody.
After all, who can dramatic or popu-
larize X-ray diffraction studies involv-
ing what are called "globular proteins"
and the ability Of living things to
breathe?
Still, these studies and experiments
that win the Nobel awards from year
to year undoubtedly increase human
knowledge in way that promotes the
progress of mankind-and also in a way
that multiplies the hazards Of existence.
That is one fact that all of us have
come to understand about science re-
CARELESS Of its abstruSeneSS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-24
Railroad Fares

A story in The Star Of
November IS, headed Travel
Tax Ends at Midnight; To
Cut Cost by $3.50 Million,
stated:
Millions of american
travellers will begin saving
nearly $3.50 million a year on
their combined travel ex-
penses when wartime trans
portation taxes are wiped off
the books at midnight to-
night"
Was it the late w. C..
Fields who often remarked
Never give a sucker a
break? Well, apparently rail
travellers on Eastern roads
will be the suckers and the
only beneficiary will be the
railroads. Some of the East
ern railroads have already is
sued their new schedule for
Fall Winter 1923 in which
the fares are increased, now
that the tax has been re-
moved.
So was the action of Con-
gress supposed to be for the
benefit of the public or was it
a grant to indirectly increase
passenger rates for Eastern
railroads?
George j. Burger.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-24

In his recent article in The
Star, George Sherman ex-
planned that the main task of
a proposed domestic, peace
corps-type force would be to
help States and local COM
munities tackle social prob
lens" Although I realize that
there are many social prob
lens within the United States
that need to be solved, I can
not see any reason for the
Federal Government assum-
ing control of the treatment
for such State and local prob
lens. If the Federal Govern
ment is allowed to partici-
pate in such activities, the
area of State control will be
diminished to a point where
it will be undetectable. Local
social problems should be
treated on the local level.
The Federal Government
could. however, be of great
service to the States and local
communities as a source of
information on treatment of
social problems. Detailed re-
ports Of successful programs
could be made available to
States and communities re-
questing them. Such an ad-
visory position on the part of
the Federal overnmen
would be far better than let
ting the national Govern
ment take control over areas
of State and local responsible
ity.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-24

nation than the larger neu-
rons definite measurements
of small fiberS and cells is
of the utmost Importance.
Electrodes are being used
to record, from single cells
in the frogs nose, the ami
mails response to different
chemical stimuli. Some cells,
it has been found, respond to
one chemical but not to an
other that is very similar to
it. Some respond to only one
particular CHI emical. The
electrodes tell, by the signals
they put out, what chemical
is nearby. Once the pattern
of responses to different
odors has been deciphered
the next step will be to de-
wise a chemical theory of
odor-an extremely difficult
problem.
Sensation originating in
the skin is of particular in
tereSt. Because of the preva-
lence of such conditions as
headaches and facial neural
gia, special consideration is
being given to responses to
stimulation Of skin of the
face. Under study is the fifth
pair of cranial nerves of the
cat. These nerves receive the
senSory news from the face.
Responses to heat and cold
were measured. Except in the
nasal cavities cells that re-
Sponded to pressure did not
respond to heat but cells that
responded to cooling also re-
Sponded to pressure. No pain
cells, per Sc, could be found.
Sensory Systems Studied
Sensory systems of both
skin and muscle are being
studied to determine how the
Sensory parts of the central
nervous system are connect
ed. In experiments with tad
poles an attempt has been
made to determine the
change of central nerve path
ways which occurs during
change of behavior. Certain
areas of the tadpole's skin
that respond to a particular
stimulus are transplanted to
the a b d omin a area. The
transplanted area still re-
spends to the stimulus to
which it responded originally,
rather than to some other
stimulus, the experimenters
have found.
Development of nerve cell
tissue cultures is making pos
Sible study of the interaction
between nerve cells and 9TH
er cells. Also under study is
the mechanism by which re-
lay stations in sensory path
ways act as filters.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-24
]. William BrimacOmb
Key to Cuba Crisis

In your editorials on Cuba
you have omitted the Ant
arctic situation, which is per-
haps the key to the Cuban
situation. So little official at
tention has been paid to the
real meaning of the 1859 Ant
arctic Treaty that it Is not
surprising to see assertions
that Communist imperialism
shall never be fortified in
this hemisphere. Fortified
m e a ms to be strengthened,
to be confirmed. The Ant
arctic Treaty fortified Com
munist imperialism in this
hemisphere.
Even during negotiations
on the treaty and shortly aft
er ratification by our Senate,
President Eisenhower and
other officials kept saying we
must keep the free world free,
which is exactly the opposite
of the policy under which the
Antarctic Treaty was finally
drawn. Thus, it is believed
that the full dangers of this
treaty were not recognized by
higher echelonS. This treaty
brings the Slaveholding, athe-
iStic Communists into IN e
Southern Hemisphere where
they never were before and
into the Western Henri
sphere which Except for a
tiny peninsula of Siberia)
they left in 1867.
Thus, the penetration of
Cuba starts with the Ant
artic Treaty, wherein, as
Senator Russell reminded us,
the Monroe Doctrine was
modified. Indeed that doc
trine was modified and the
Rio Pact was nullified. So,
naturally, the Soviets felt
free to enter Latin America.
Moreover, the Senate was
given a mistaken concept of
the inspection provision in
the Antarctic Treaty. The
Soviets knew what it meant
that no Iron Curtain area
needed to be inspected under
the standards set up, mas
much as there is and was no
Soviet territory in Antarc-
tica. Thus, the Soviets today
feel themselves on firm foun-
dation in refusing inspection
of satellite Cuba or the
homeland. So the Monroe
Doctrine has fallen before
the Antarctic Doctrine which
is to the effect that where
ever the Communists wish to
remain they may remain.
This doctrine needs to be
overturned.
E. A. Kendall.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-24

"Crackpots" have been
clamoring for some time to
Get us out of the U. N.
and get the U. N. out of the
United States" Your No
vember II story about a U. N.
delegate being among the
group of Cubans arrested as
saboteurs illustrates one Of
the weaknesses of this world
government body, and vindi-
Gates the "crackpots."
Much has been said and
written by experts concern
ing Red agents who work
with impunity to subvert this
country's citizenry and who
conspire to overthrow our
Government under the aegiS
of the U. N. There is over
whelming evidence that 1t is
being used by Communist
agents to infiltrate the
United States.
Not long ago, two Soviet
agents were arrested in con-
nection with a sailor of the
United States Navy who had
been passing them naval Sc
crets. These Red agents were
employed at the U. N.
And now a Cuban q. N. at
tache has violated his diplo-
matte privilege by setting up
his own potent armory in
this country, no doubt with
defensive" weapons fur
nished him by Russia or
CZechoslovakia.
]. Edgar Hoover pointed
out recently that Soviet dele
cations in the U. N. are nests
of espionage. He estimates
that 70 per cent of the So
Wet officials at the U. N.
are carrying on spying activi-
ties against us.
The U. N. stands as a Tro-
jan horse and it is tragic in
deed to think that we have
built it and that we are sup
porting its activities.
V;roiV,ia z rbohnk
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-24
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry writers correct
names and addresses. All let
tiers are subject to condenSa-
ton. Those not used iDiH be
returned only iUhen accom-
panied By self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-24
knocking JUSTICE

Regarding your editorial,
"Mocking Justice" one of the
most precious principles of
our heritage Of Anglo-Amer-
lean criminal jurisprudence
is the requirement that the
state prove its case against
the accused, not only beyond
a reasonable doubt" of the
jury, but that such proof
must be within the confines
of the applicable rules of law.
This requirement is not a
means to absolute justice, as
is shown by the maxim aris-
ing from it: better that 10
guilty go free than one in
nocent suffer-" Rather, it is
a wise rule formulated in rec
ignition of the errors into
which human Judgment is apt
to fall in its quest for alb
solute justice. 1t is a rule
which precludes courts and
juries from finding verdicts
on the basis of editorial spec
ulation and constrains them
to base decisions on law and
fact.
Since you, sitting as the
thirteenth juror, have found
all the facts in the case of
Willie Lee Stewart, you are
convinced of his guilt beyond
a reasonable doubt. But was
such proof presented to you
within the applicable rules
Of law? This is beyond your
ken. The task Of answering
this question has been en-
trusted to our courts, and the
final arbiter Of the answers
is the Supreme Court.
The fact that the trials
and appeals of Willie Lee
Stewart have carried his case
over a span Of nine years,
whatever other ills of the
system it may suggest, is not
an indicium that justice has
been Knocked. On the con-
trary, it suggests that the
state has been put to the
task Of establishing It's case
against the accused, as re-
quired by the valued principle
Of criminal law mentioned
above.
Limitations Of space, time,
and the human mind prevent
courts from applying absolute
justice, but they do not pre-
vent the attempt. Within the
existing framework Of our
laws such an attempt can
only be made through the
medium of trial and appeal.
Willie Lee Stewart has been
tried and has appealed re-
peatedly, not in order that
courts might mock justice,
but that they might come as
near as possible to achieving
it. The Supreme Court did
not remand the case of Willie
Lee Stewart in order to mock
justice, but to ensure that it
be more closely approached
through the observation Of
the rule Of law.
To demand the punishment
Of Willie Lee Stewart, even
If he is admittedly guilty of
the crime alleged, without at
the same time demanding
that the state establish it's
case, both in law and in fact,
Is to surrender one Of the
great bulwarks erected by the
common law against the en-
croachment of tyranny.
1t was with considerable
wisdom that our forefathers
placed the administration of
justice in the hands of
judges and not Of editors.
1t is you who have Knocked
justice, not our courts.
Patrick C. McKeever,
Student. Georgetown
University Law Center,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-24

letic event-an event which cannot now
be resumed until there are assurances
that there will be no repetition of the
shameful performance on Thanksgiving
Day. The diScouraging thing is that
when that assurance will come, no one
knows.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-24
THE POLITICAL MILL
Kennedy Woos Voting BIocs
By GOULD LINCOLN

Bloc-voting - racial, reli-
gious, economic, urban and
rural-is not new in this
country. 1t is, however, dom
mating the political picture
more and more. Both major
political parties strive for
support in these blocs. The
Republicans, for example, are
continuing their drive for
greater support in urban
areas, the great industrial
cities where their political
rivals have been supreme.
They made dents in demo-
cratic majorities in these big
cities in the 1862 congress-
ional and gubernatorial cleo
tions. especially in the guber-
Material contests, enabling
their candidates to win. Their
high command is aiming its
campaign in six States where
big city voting is tremendous
ly important - New York,
California, Pennsylvania, Il
linois, Ohio and Michigan.
Pick Their BlOcs
The Kennedys, who will be
intensely interested in the
national elections of 1864,
are past masters at playing
up to this and that bloc. And
they seek the support partic-
ularly of those blocS which
have the greatest number of
voters. Some blocs necessarily
overlap, particularly when it
comes to economic interests.
The Democrats, for example,
have had great support from
labor, organized and unor-
ganized. The day when the
Republican Party was able to
count on such support went
out with the old slogan of the
Full Dinner Pail" and high
tariffs to protect American
industries and their workers.
Another bloc, the Negro vote,
which for years had been Re-
publican, turned to the Demo-
Gratis under Franklin D.
Roosevelt when he fed them
in the days of the great de-
preston. Their belief that
they can look to a Democratic
administration for more help
than from the Republican
has kept the majority voting
for Democratic candidates
ever since.
President Kennedy has just
gone a step further. His new
executive order barring racial
discrimination in all housing
in any way drawing financial
support from the Federal
Government-while it applies
to all races and to members
Of all religious faiths-is de-
signed particularly to prevent
any discrimination in hous-
ing (home owning and rent
ing) a gainst Negroes. Al
ready Democrats are praising
Mr.. Kennedy for issuing this
order and criticizing the last
Republican President, Gen.
Dwight D. Eisenhower, for
having failed to issue such
an order. What the total eff
feet this new order will have
on voting is not yet entirely
clear. But one effect is al
ready obvious; it will
strengthen the President with
the Negroes.
Religious faith-church-
should not be either a bar
or a boost to any candidate
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-24

for high or low office. For
the first time in it's history,
the country elected a Catho-
lie President in 1860. This
election was widely hailed as
having taken religion out Of
politics. But skepticism is
being voiced in many quar-
tiers today. A prominent So
biologist, Prof. Gerhard Len
ski Of the University Of
Michigan, making an analy-
sis for the First National In
stitute on Religious Freedom
and Public Affairs, sponsored
here by the National Con-
ference of Christians and
Jews, reported that religion
sis a real and important fac
tor in American voting be-
havior." He added that "the
influence of religion can no
longer be ignored or explained
away" He gave this esti-
mate Of the situation: PROT
estants are more likely to
vote Republican than are
either Catholics or Jews.
Northern white Protestants
form the bulwark of the Re-
publican Party, while Catho-
hes, Jews, Southern white
ProteStants and Negro Prot
eStants provide the major
b isis of the Democratic
Party"
His estimate that religion
plays its part in elections was
confirmed by a leading poll
ster, Oliver A. Quayles III,
vice president of Louis Harris
and Associates, the firm
which conducted polls for
President Kennedy in his 1860
campaign. Mr.. Quayles said
the Jews had swung heavily
toward Mr.. Kennedy in the
last days Of the campaign be-
cause he was a Catholic and
deserved support as a mem
Der Of a minority group, even
though another minority
group.
Outlook for 1864
If these estimates are cor
rect, what do they hold for
the 1864 presidential cam
paign and election? Demo-
cratic thinking probably was
indicated when Robert M.
Morgenthau, member of a
prominent Jewish family in
New York was picked-large-
ly on the recommendation of
the Kennedys, it is reported
to run for Governor against
Nelson A. Rockefeller in the
recent election. A union of
the Jewish and Catholic vot-
ers in the Empire State was
desirable - and desirable for
1864. Undoubtedly, a. similar
effort for such a union will
be made when Mr.. Kennedy
is up for re-election-prob-
ably against Gov. Rockefeller,
a Republican candidate. Pres
ident Kennedy has just re-
appointed Mr.. Morgenthau
to the office of United States
Attorney for the Southern
District of New York, which
is only fair when it is mea-
Sured against his sudden Sc
lection to run for Governor.
On the racial side, Presi-
dent Kennedy's appointment
Of former Mayor A. j. Celeb
rezze of Cleveland, of Italian
descent, as HEW Secretary,
gave recognition to a huge
bloc of voters.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-24
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
EIectronic Man Awaits Creation
By THOMAS r. HENRI

Eventually there may be
an electronic man.
Machines" that may du-
plicate human sense organs
artificial noses, artificial
ears, artificial touch sense
are detectives of the new sci
ence of bioelectronics now
being developed at MasSachu-
sets Institute of Technology
in co operation with the
Navy.
The development is de-
scribed in a Navy report by
DR.. A. ShoStak, chief of the
electronics branch of the Of
flee of Naval Research, and
Miss Elizabeth Appleton of
the same office. 1t involves
coordination of mathemat-
les, biology, chemistry, nu-
clear and mechanical engi-
neering, neurophysiology and
several other branches of
medicine.
The studies begin with eff
forts to learn as much as
possible about how the hui
man brain and sense organs
perform. Later attempts will
be made to duplicate this
mechanically as far as posi-
BILE. The possibilities at pres
ent seem quite intriguing but
the further the brain studies
go, the more complicated ma
lures Sensory mechanism ap-
pears.
Frogs Eye Examined
A present study, for exam
pie, is of the frogs eye. When
the eye is stimulated electri-
cal impulses go from it to
the visual area of the brain
where the image what the
frog sees - is formed. The
studies have shown that five
kinds of impulses go to the
brain over five different
kinds of nerve fibers. Some
carry color, others ape,
others size, etc. All must be
co-ordinated in the final i'm
age-before the frog really
sees a nything. Somewhat
similar studies are under way
with the human eye, but for
the present are much re-
stricted in scope because of
possible pain involved.
Very complicated is the
sense of smell. Because the
majority of the elements of
the nervous system consist
of very small cells and fibers
with very small diameters it
has been necessary to design
and construct new types of
microelectrodes to obtain ac-
curate measurements. Since
the larger neurons probably
carry different smell infor-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-24

automation has brought us
to-
G. M. KOOckOgey,
President, Kalorama Citizens
Association.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-24
Spies in u. N.

Geo. s. Leonard.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-11-24
Domestic Peace Corps

Association.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-11
WONDERFUL The quality
the rich AUTOMATIC WASH N

sensational
FariteSu summers
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-07-11

the extent proposed I'm Fs5rfax
the developers say
This RPC concept would
still require a fixed population
density per acre hut for the
first time. would give devsSup-
ers and their 6eSlgnsrs permEx-
sion 10 redistTlbu1R TINS density
according 10 sound PLANNING
needs. the SPONSORS say 1T
would wipe AWAY the amr5rustad
suburban property SETBACK re-
ouirements. for example winch
have frozen an OF AMERICAS
sprawling SubuTbiR mrn it's
present monot0nOEs m016-
Instead Of having TO build
thousands of small. grid
planned houses 1T would
permit a new housing mix Of
SIngle-fRmily homes and higF1-
er-densIty cluster housing of
attached village or TOWN houses
with minimum maintenance
needs anc inclnse6 RRrIemx-