davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1962-04-25
DORIS FLEESON
Carroll oMoior Republican Target
In State Where Unexpected Happens

Colorado has been added
to the several Mountain
States where a hard-fought
hberal-vs. conservative Sem
ate race will take place this
fall.
The liberal is the incum-
bent, Democrat John Car
roll. who made it himself on
his third try in 1856 by de-
feating President Eisenhow-
er's close friend, Gov. Dan
Thornton. His challenger is
Representative Peter DOM
mick, who swept into the
House in 1860 from q swing
district in suburban Denver
after a vigorous campaign
along orthodox Republican
lines.
Carroll is 81, Dominick At.
Carroll's career at the polls
has been checkered, but his
views have been consistent.
Dominick is a transplanted
Easterner, with roots in the
rich soil Of Wall Street, who
came to Denver after Yale
College, Yale Law School and
honors gained in the Air
Force in World War II.
Democrats would normally
worry about Carroll because
he is a prickly character who
finds it hard to forgive his
political foes within his party
and to take advice. His own
aides could not get him to
the Supreme Court in time to
pose for pictures when his
fellow ID ocrat, Byron
White of Colorado, was sworn
in as Associate Justice.
With the rise Of President
Kennedy's fortunes west of
the Mississippi, it is believed
that the chances Of every
Democrat, Carroll included,
have improved. Republicans
still say he will be one of
their major targets.
Dominick's career In
Washington has been too
short to give much Of an
idea Of how he might opera
ate in the Senate. He admits
that he seeks to move ahead
rather fast, but points out
that he could hardly run
against the senior Senator,
Republican Gordon Allott,
and must take the current
when 1t serves.
While he declines to line
up behind any presidential
hopeful at the moment. his
House campaign suggests his
thinking. He says he at
tackled the incumbent, Byron
johnson, for favoring the
admission of Red China to
the United Nations and vot-
Evening star., 1962-04-25
Familiarity, Not Lack of Urgency,
Domps Drama of High-LeveI Visits

ing crowds as to encourage
respectfully sized crowds to be
on hand for the arrival of
the visiting VIP.
Moreover, Mr.. Macmillan's
face particularly is no longer
even a slightly new face on
the worlds stage. From his
long service as Prime Min
lister he has become familiar
indeed. And the tale he comes
to tell is always essentially
the same. He wants us to go
easy on this or that aspect Of
the cold war-no doubt now
to go easy in our coming re-
sumption Of nuclear testing.
1t is reminiscent Of Just
yet another visit Of an elder
ly and very cautious uncle,
Macmillan, to a fond but
also strong-minded and more
powerful nephew, Kennedy,
who has his responsibilities
to a family Of his own which
has grown much larger
through its in-law connec-
tions. This family, Of course,
is the whole Western alliance.
While happily there has not
been and is never likely to be
any major break between
this country and Britain, the
harsh questions Of the last
year or so have left some
controlled but genuine irrita-
tions.
The Prime Minister has
politely but necessarily
pressed the President toward
cold war solutions" seen
here as maybe too soft and
certainly too optimistic. The
British Isles are far more
vulnerable than we are, in
every sense, and British ex-
penditure in blood and treas
ure in the last war was much
greater, proportionately, than
ours.
All this Washington under
Evening star., 1962-04-25
WILLIAM S. WHITE

Perhaps the change is
mainly in the eye of the be-
holder. but it does seem that
the old great feeling Of
drama and high expectancy
has gone from the trans
Atlantic visits Of Very I'm
portant Persons.
This melancholy thought
occurs on the eve Of British
Prime Minister Harold Mac
millan's arrival in Washing
ton for another of his many
conferences with President
Kennedy.
While the nature Of their
business could hardly be
more grand or urgent, the
air persists in being far from
excited. Rather, it is much
as though this were just one
more in an interminable
series Of inconclusive meet
ings between two heavily
burdened men who avoid
being wholly distracted by
the brutal range Of the
worlds problems only by
great personal strength and
determination.
This is not to suggest that
any man in his right mind
regards this new Kennedy
Macmillan conformation in
any attitude Of mere ho-
hum. But it is definitely to
say that the sheen is off
this form of bilateral sum-
NIT conference.
Why has all this come
about between the two pow
ers which, after all, still hold
the fate Of the West 80 large
ly in their hands? Reasonably
educated guesses might be
ventured.
Jet-liner diplomacy gen.
orally has become overly
familiar, both to participants
and to this Unlocking Nation.
No longer is it so much neces-
sary to hold back the cheer
Evening star., 1962-04-25
Proposed Government Increases Seen
Putting Private Business on Spot

example, is permitted to ac-
cumulate unused sick leave.
Under the proposed sche-
dulles. office boys who at
present get $3,521 a year in
Government, as compared
with $3,119 in private indus
try, would go up to 1854. A
chief personnel director in
Government who now gets
$12.745 would go up to SIS
285, as compared with $14,532
in private business. Nearly Al
per cent Of the Stenographers
in private business in Amer
lea will be getting less than
the proposed Government
minimum. 1t means, there
fore, an upward pressure on
wage scales inside industry
and business.
Now, the argument isn't
whether these pay rates are
justified in either case. If it
be assumed that wage rates
for white-collar workers are,
generally speaking, too low,
the question is how industry
and business are to get the
additional funds to pay for
their increases. The Federal
Government has it easy. It
merely gets Congress to in
crease the debt limit when
tax receipts aren't enough to
pay for Federal spending.
Private industry, however,
can only raise its prices or
go broke. This is what is
sometimes described as a
wage-price spiral. President
Kennedy has called for
stability" in both wages and
prices. But he seems to have
ignored his own doctrine as
he asks Congress to raise
wage levels in Government.
1t will be argued that the
Government workers have
been tagging behind and that
all the administration is try
ing to do is to "catch up"
But that was precisely the
language of the United States
Steel Corp. as it recently
called for a partial catch
up" on its wage costs through
a small price increase.
Those who may not realize
how closely related Govern
Evening star., 1962-04-25
ModrigoI Singers
To oGive PROGRAM

The University Of Maryland
Madrigal Singers will present a
program of Renaissance music
at 8:l5 pm, Sunday in the Ma
tional All club auditorium, TOO
Connecticut avenue, Chevy
Chase, Md.
The concert is the fourth in
the Montgomery County Arts
Center l96l-62 series.
The Singers, a group Of l6
Maryland vocalists, will be
dressed in authentic costumes
and will accompany themselves
on period instruments.
Rose Marie Grentzer, profess
sor Of music at the University
of Maryland, is scheduled to
direct the group.
Evening star., 1962-04-25
DAVID LAWRENCE

In these days when mon
tnflationary" means that
it's all right for wage costs
to go up but that it is sinful
to increase prices, the latest
move by the administration
to boost pay scales among
Government workers Is Just
beginning to attract atten-
ton.
President Kennedy has
asked Congress to increase
the wages of Government
workers by about $l.1 billion
a year in stages over a period
Of three years. This amounts
to a 10.2 per cent increase
from the present scale.
A comparable increase in
the rates of private wages
and salaries would cost pri-
vate business about $23.5
billion a year.
The Civil Service Commits
sion has issued a comparison
Of Federal salaries with those
in various occupations. It is
based on a Department Of
Labor study Of professional,
administrative, technical and
clerical pay.
Up to now private business
in some instances has had a
higher wage rate in the up
per brackets of clerical en-
ployes, and the Government
has regularly maintained a
better position in the lower
brackets. Now, however, if
Government rates go up, pri-
vate business will find itself
confronted with the necessity
Of pushing up many Of its
wage and salary scales.
President Kennedy's bill
provides that. even when the
salaries Of Government work.
ers and those in private busi-
ness reach approximately the
same level, there must be an
annual survey and adjust
ment Of Federal salaries to
keep them equal to or above
the private level.
Fringe benefits provided by
the Government are at least
as generous as, and often
better than. those granted to
salaried workers in industry.
The Government worker, for
Evening star., 1962-04-25
DORIS FLEESON
Hard Senate Race in Colorado

not yet clear. Neither Car
roll nor Dominick has any
real opposition for his party
nomination. Democrats point
out that Carroll always
comes UP fighting. Republi-
cans recall that Dominick
was "a real torpedo" In his
House campaign.
Gov. Stephen McNichols,
Democrat, will run for re-
election on q balanced budg-
ct combined with O record Of
State improvements. This
would help the whole ticket.
The State has q way. how
ever. Of changing hands in
unexpected ways and places.
Evening star., 1962-04-25

ing against Defense Depart
ment appropriations.
He will charge Carroll with
favoring centralized govern
ment and voting 100 per cent
"the ADA way" Reminded
that the Americans for
Dem ocratic Action is q
shabby tiger today, Dominick
replies that their voting
index is significant.
GeneraliZations are unwise
In any State situation, and
the Colorado conditions are
Evening star., 1962-04-25
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBE.

Cape Canaveral hurlS missile the moon These space
fellows getting to be regular lunar litterbugs
Bob Kennedy says more Americans should 60 abroad
and lecture about the United States He you
keep fit in the process kind Of gobal wakietalkie.
Steel after math: All the baby-sitters the block
raised prices to rs cents hour Big Stella sits
cent Of the neighborhood babies announced the
price hike resulted from fierce competition
Russia and the United States agree to cooperate
ouerspace weather predictions Should work fine Well
warn Of Hurricane Natasha" while Moscow predict
threatening mperialstc thundershowers."
TV is running female conversation No dares tell
about her operation Everybodys already Dr. Casey
perform it.
Historical notes: Thomas jefferson and Alexander
Hamilton set this country up Government Of laws and
not Of men, because neither would trust the other Of his
sight.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-11
New Showdown

The fight has broken out again.
however, reaching a furious new
pitch which indicates the climactic
round may be at hand. This time
there are two aspects to it:
l. The dispute over the merits
OF the proposal to rush the BIO
before its need has been clearly
agreed upon and before certain
highly complex equipment for it
has been developed. 2. The con-
stitutionai question as to whether
Congress can force the President
to spend money for specific de-
tense items against his own judg-
ment.
In his fiscal 1868 budget, Mr..
Kennedy requested $3.50 million
for continuing BIO development
and for the production of three
different prototypes of the plane.
BY the end of June, approx
mately $13 billion will have been
spent on the BIO and it has not
yet flown. The President and De-
Tense Secretary Mcnamara feel
that after major flight data is
available in 1868 or 1964-the first
flight is scheduled for late this
year - decision can better be
made on whether to push through
to the completion of a full weap-
ons system. BY that time, the
development and capabilities of
our various ballistic missile sys-
TENS also will be better known.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-11
DISARMAMENT

This weeks 17-nation confer
ence officially is a meeting of a
U. N. disarmament committee,
whose predecessor was a donation
disarmament committee of five
Western states, and five socialist
ones. It broke up in failure in
June, 1860.
The size Of the committee was
enlarged last year because of So
Wet insistence that the neutral
states be represented. The United
States agreed to this modified
"troika," and thus, the member
ship of the committee is as fol-
lows:
NATO states: the United States,
Great Britain, Italy and Canada.
Socialist states: the Soviet
Union. Poland, Czechoslovakia,
Rumania and Bulgaria.
Neutral states: India, Burma,
the United Arab Republic, Eth
opia, Nigeria. Brazil, Mexico and
Sweden.
France, the 18th state, resigned
last week.
The committee has a number of
guidelines to follow-principles
agreed on by the United States
and the Soviet Union, last Sep
TENDER. The goals, broad and
idealistic, ensure that "disarma-
ment is general and complete and
war is no longer an instrument
for settling international prob
lens"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-11
THE NA5oNA SCENE THE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
Fight Over Bomber -. =. -
Rose Larger Issue Disarmament: New Chapter

The House Armed Services
Committee administration clash
over the size and speed of the
BIO bomber program grew
hotter last week as the con-
gressmen questioned the Presi-
dents constitutional authority
to ignore specific defense ap-
preparations.
r Ever since the first contract to
develop the BIO bomber as
long-range weapons system was
awarded on December %, 1857,
the proposed 2,000-mile-an-hour
monster of the skies has been
the center of a running con-
troversy.
Its up-and-down history has
been one of speed-ups and slow
downs, of broad programs and
narrow ones. of big appropria-
lions and reduced expenditures, as
two Presidents, Eisenhower and
Kennedy, differed with Congress.
The pressures for going full
speed ahead on the building of
the big bomber in the missile
age have been fierce and wide.
Pentagon veterans say they can
not remember any other weapons
system being pushed so heavily
and perSistently.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-11
NUCLEAR

Despite the vast amount of
effort that has gone into the arms
race, neither the United States
nor the Soviet Union can destroy
the other without suffering the
same fate itself.
Thus, a kind of nuclear parity
has been reached. If, however, one
country were to develop a weapon
that could prevent the other side
from effective retaliation, the
balance would end.
This ultimate" weapon is the
nightmare of cold-war planners. 1t
could take the form of a bomb
so powerful that it could destroy
a whole country, or of a defensive
weapon that could make any at
tack futile.
The latter is more practical at
this time, and has been given
the name, "anti-misSile- missile"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-11
Soviet Intentions

AS President Kennedy indicated
in his television speech on March
2, experts believe that the Rus
slams were conducting tests on
an anti-missile-missile in their
nuclear series last fall.
Presently, the United States
feels that these tests did not harm
its security, but it fears that if
the Soviet Union holds another
series of tests in two years time,
it may go ahead of the United
States if the United States sits
still.
For these security reasons, Mr..
Kennedy announced that the
United States would resume tests
in the atmosphere in the latter
part of April unless the Soviet
Union signs a treaty with ap-
propriate arrangements for detec-
ton and notification"
Mr.. Kennedy did not state
what he meant by appropriate"
but presumably, these arrange
ments will include provisions for
detecting test preparations as well
as tests themselves.
In the three-year history of
previous nuclear test ban negotia-
lions, the only issue was detection
of test violations, not of test
preparations. 1t is obviously much
easier to detect a test than
secret preparations for one. And
since the Russians have been quite
hesitant in the past about al
lowing inspectors to look for a
test site, it is unlikely they will
agree to the type of inspection
that might call for visits to
laboratories and factories.
In the week since Mr.. Ken
nedy's announcement, there has
been surprisingly little reaction
from the worlds leaders. Most
countries-as much as they dis
like the idea of increased fallout
have long since expected the
United States to match the Rus
sian experiments.
Mr.. KhruShchev, as expected,
attacked the resumption, and said
that the Soviet Union would be
forced to resume tests to match
the American testS-thus increaS-
ing the arms race even more.
AS things stand now, it does
not seem likely that the United
States will be deferred from test
ing. Soviet agreement on a test
ban, GOwever, is not completely
impossible. 1t may be that Mr..
Khrushchev will prefer nuclear
parity to taking the risk of fall
ing further behind as a result
of American tests.
A nuclear test ban promises to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-11
BERLIN

The Berlin "crisis" can be ex-
amined from many different di-
rections.
There is the immediate problem,
posed by the Soviet threat to sign
a peace treaty with it's puppet
East German government.
If this happens; the vital &C
cess routes to West Berlin, ITO
miles within East Germany, may
be threatened. The West has told
the Soviet Union that it does
not care if Moscow signs such a
treaty. If, however, the Ulbricht
government tries to force the
West to bargain with it for per-
mission to use these routes, there
will be trouble.
To prevent such developments,
the West has asked Moscow to
agree on a new definition of the
access routes. 1t wants some sort
of international control over the
routes, inSuring that East Ber-
many or the Soviet Union does
not try to institute another Ber-
lin blockade.
The Russians have persisted
in unfolding the sovereignty" of
the East German government, and
have resisted such an agreement.
Strangely, however, it also has
not signed its long-threatened
peace treaty.
In Geneva tomorrow, Secretary
of State Rusk probably will ask
Foreign Minister Gromyko just
what the Soviet Unions inten-
lions are. If Mr.. Khrushchev wants
to ease tensions, he could easily
negotiate such an agreement and
then sign unilateral peace treaty
if he still desires it.
However, the access routes pose
only an immediate problem. The
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-11

these points and agree that dis
armament should be carried out
by stages, but the two countries
disagree on how to do this.
The Russians feel that until all
the stages are carried out (esti-
mated to last about 10 years., in
spection should be limited. The
Soviet Union promises to an
nounce it's actions, but refuses
step-by-step inspection.
Thus, If the powers agree on
stopping nuclear fuel production
the Russians will say they have,
but will not allow inspectors tc
visit possible plant sites to verify
this. If the two nations agree on
a limit of 500 missiles apiece, the
Russians will publicly destroy
anything above this limit, but
will not allow inspection to ensure
that no more are being made, or
that others are not being hidden.
The United States, on the other
hand, says that before proceeding
to a further stage, the previous
one should be scrupulously veri-
fled by inspection of means OF
production.
The American plan is probably
the more realistic of the two, TAX
ing into account cold war tensions,
put there are many experts who
feel that no inspection team could
ever verify that the other country
was not cheating beyond doubt.
1t would be too easy to conceal a
weapon. these experts say.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-11
ThePressure

Mr.. Eisenhower, after resisting
Stoutly, gave in during the fall
of 1860 and agreed to the spend
ing of several hundred more mil
lions of dollars to speed the BIO
development. Some observers saw
pressure to help Republican PreSi-
Dental Candidate Richard Nixon
in California, the home of North
American Aviation, the planes
prime contractor. Mr.. Nixon car
ried the State by a whisker,
A few months later, it might
be noted, Mr.. Eisenhower, in his
thoughtful farewell address,"
warned of the increasing power
of what he called the military
industrial complex" in the life of
the Nation.
Shortly after he took office
last year, Mr.. Kennedy cut back
the Eisenhower request for the
BIO from 1888 million to 1920
million. Congress didn't like it,
but he made it stick.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-11
Whipping Boy

Moreover, West Germany has
long felt itself the whipping boy
of the Western alliance. On the
one hand, it is asked to pay
large share of NATO's expenses in
moneysand men, but on the other,
it is refused nuclear arms be-
cause of its past history. Many
Germans including high officials
have said, Make us full ally,
or none at ALL"
The United States and Britain
are known to favor a status quo
for the present, with a unified
Germany held out as possible only
at some future date. The AIDE
nauer government has pledged it
self to the West, but so long as
the Berlin German issue is I'M
resolved, tensions in Central Eu-
rope will remain high.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-11

Berlin crisis has once again re-
vived the issue of German uni
fication.
At present, West Germany is a
firm ally of the United States,
Britain and France - a strong
member of NATO and a giant in
the Common Market. If Germany
were to leave NATO or the Com
mon Market, it would seriously
undermine the Western alliance.
Politically, West Germany is
committed in principle to a united
Germany. AS long as West Ger
many is a member of NATO, how
ever, the Soviet Union will not
allow free elections uniting the
country.
Thus many Germans have felt
that West Germany-if it ever is
to unite its country must come
to terms with the Soviet Union.
This "go it alone" attitude has
been helped by Soviet propaganda
offering West Germany valuable
markets in the East if it for
Sakes the West.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-11
The Drafts

The world does not lack elab-
crate draft treaties to put these
goals into effect. The United
States, Britain, France and the
Soviet Union have in the past Of
fered quite interesting proposals.
What is lacking is trust between
the West and the East. Neither
side believes that the other would
not attack the other if it thought
it could escape destruction itself.
Thus, for any country to dis
arm, it would have to be sure of
the following:
l. That its security and other
interests will be advanced if all
diSarmameI 4:easureS are carried
out.
2. That the risks of violations
outweigh their possible advantages.
3. That possible violations by
others will not unduly jeopardize
its security.
The Soviet Union and the
United States agree baSically on
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1962-03-11

The foreign ministers from
the United States, Great Brit
ain, and the Soviet Union will
meet in Geneva tomorrow, two
days before the converting of a
17-natiOn disarmament confer
ence.
Every year since the end of
World War II, disarmament has
been set forth as a way to end
the worlds tensions, and as a real
step toward peace. Disarmament
has been proposed by single ma
lions, by blocs Of nations, and by
the United Nations itself.
Disarmament has been the
cherished hope of the worlds mil
lions. and the vital concern of
its scientists. Diplomats have
spent days, weeks, and years
searching fruitlessly for a way
to make disarmament a reality.
THE failure has been COM
plete," one observer has noted.
There has been no treaty on any
phase of the question. The only
tangible result was a three-year-
old moratorium on testing nu-
clear devices, but at present, even
such tenuous agreement is out
of the question.
1t has been estimated that the
world spends $14 million an hour
on arms; that the combined nu-
clear stockpiles of the United
States and the Soviet Union equal
some go billion tons of TNT-or
20 tons for every inhabitant of
the globe. 1t takes little imagi-
nation to foresee what an about
war would mean.