davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-01-08

notification of my decision given to all con-
cerned.
Hoping, however. that your answer may
Justify further continuance Of forebearance
on my part, am yours, respectfully. ROBERT
ANDERSON.
REPLY OF THE GOVERNOR.
Governor Pickens, in his reply to Maj
Anderson, after stating the position of South
Carolina to the United States, and declaring
that any attempt to send troops Of the United
States into Charleston harbor, to reinforce the
forts there, would be regarded rs an act OF
hostility, in conclusion says:
ANY attempt to reinforce with United
States troops Fort Sumter, or to retake or re-
sumo possession of the forts within the waters
of the State, which you abandoned, after spik-
ing the guns and doing other damage, it cannot
be regarded by the authorities Of this State as
indicative of no (sic) other purpose than the
coercion of a sovereign State by the armed
force of the federal government
Special agents, therefore, have been of
the bar of this harbor to warn approaching
vessels, armed or unarmed. having on board
troops to reinforce your fort, not to attempt to
enter the harbor. Special orders have been
eiven to the commanders of the forts not to
fire on such vessels until the throwing OF a =
shot across their bows would warn them Of
the prohibition of the State. Under these cir
SUNDAY, THE STAR MAGAZINE,
Evening star., 1961-01-08

cumstances, the steamer Star Of the West, 1t
is understood, this morning attempted to enter
the harbor with troops. and having been mott
fled that she could not enter, was fired into
This act is perfectly justified by me.
In regard TO your threats as to vessels In
the harbor, 1t is only necessary for me to say
that you must be the judge of your response
bility. Your position in the harbor has been
tolerated by the authorities Of the State. and
while the act of which you complain Is in per
feet consistency with the rights and duties Of
the State, it is not perceived how far the con-
duct you propose to adopt can find parallel
in the history of any country, or reconcile with
any other purpose Of your Government than
that of imposing on this State the condition
of conquered province.
"TSigned) Fw PICKENS
Governor of South Carolina"
SECOND COMMUNICATION
FROM MAJOR ANDERSON.
FORT SUMTER, Jan. ., 1851.
To His Excellency Governsr Pickens:
Sir: have the honor to acknowledge the
receipt of your communication, and to say
that, under the circumstances, I have deemed
it proper to refer the whole matter to my Gov
ernment, and intend deferring the course in
dicated in my note of this morning until the
sHINGToN, D. C., JANUARY 9. 1881
Evening star., 1961-01-08

Continued from poge J
From The Evening Star Of Friday. January II, 1851
IMPORTANT FROM CHARLESTON.
CHARLESTON. Jan. 10. -. The commu-
nication from Maj. Anderson to the Governor
is as follows:
MAJOR ANDERSON TO GOV. PICKENs.
FORT SUMTER, Jan. ., 1851.
To His Excellency. the Governor of S. Carolina:
Sir: Two of your batteries fired this morn
ing on an unarmed vessel bearing the flag Of
INV government. am not notified that war has
been declared by South Carolina against the
United States, and cannot but think that this
hostile act has been committed without your
sanction or authority Under that hope. i re-
frain from opening fire on your batteries.
have the honor therefore, respectfully to
ask whether the above mentioned act-one
believe without q parallel in the history Of
our country or any other civilized government
was committed in obedience to your instruc-
tions? notify you if the act is not disclaimed,
that shall regard it as an act Of war. and shall
not, after q reasonable time allowed for the
return of my messenger, permit any vessel TO
pass within range of the guns Of my fort
In order to save, as far as is in my power.
the shedding of blood, beg you will have due
Evening star., 1961-01-08

Gov made or Moi Anderson thot shsns OF
approval chief executive his so
Evening star., 1961-10-23
DEAD END KEECH
Old Marlboro Names
Revived for Streets
DEAD END KEECH

History may have forgotten
C. Smith Keech, but the Mary
land-National Capital Park and
Planning Commission has re-
membered.
Thanks to the planners, the
good Mr.. Keech-whoever he
was - may find immortality
with six other forgotten men
as street names in Upper Marl-
boro, Md.
In company with Mr.. Keech
for whom the planners have
set aside a choice one-block
dead-end street near the county
jaiD are such seldom-if ever
heard-ofs as:
Thomas w. Lyon, loser in
the 1853 governors race; David
Jemfer, Augustus R. Sellers
and Mai. Benjamin L. CAN'T,
1853 legislators: N. M. Marden,
nominee for tax commissioner
in 1853; and William L. Hal
ton, occupation land every
thing else) unknown.
It's not all clear sailing for
the planners, however. despite
their unassailable interest in
reform. Angry citizens Of Up
per Marlboro. who just this
year were placed under the
commissions authority, view
with the greatest alarm any
juggling of the road map.
With tension mounting. here's
how both sides stack up:
The planners contend they
merely want to put an end to
Evening star., 1961-10-23

confusion, citing as Exhibit A
the four names by which Main
street is known.
The citizens. however. insist
they are not confused by their
present street names and point
edly wonder why the planners
dipped into obscurity to find
their nominees for new street
names.
The planners, who found
their list of names in ancient
issues Of a county newspaper,
apparently overlooked such no.
table native sons as former
governors and celebrated bish-
ops.
An eighth name change pro-
posed by the planners cuts
plumb through the center of
town. Main Street-which also
answers to old Route 4, old
Route 30l and Route 761-
would become Brightleaf road
in honor of a type of tobacco.
The crisis comes to a head
at 8 o'clock tonight in the
courthouse at a public hearing
called by Upper Marlboro's
three commissioners.
Looking ahead TO the battle,
the planners emphasized ovcr
the week end that they were
open to all suggestions.
Which may be a good thing
since, in the words of Town
Commissioner Edward V. Dor
sey, "All they're going TO get is
opposition"
Evening star., 1961-10-23

The explosion brought the
passengers rushing from their
cabins. They had no time to
collect any of their belongings.
Fire broke out and the flames
spread rapidly. But the evacua-
ton into lifeboats went off
smoothly in the calm Caribbean
Sea.
Police Constable Joseph
Briggs said there was no ma
rine fighting equipment nearby
and the flames roared uncon-
trolled. beyond range of other
ships in the harbor and land
installations.
Within hours the 594-foot
liner was ablaze from stem to
stern.
The ships captain, Fran
cesco Cravator, SO. from Naples
and officers in a lifeboat cir
cled the vessel through the day
and night. The intense heat
kept them from getting close.
Ciacomo Costa. owner of the
ship, said in Genoa that
meager reports indicated Mr..
Natalie, the dead engineer. had
sacrificed his life in an at
tempt to save the ship after
the explosion.
The Blanca c., launched
originally in France as La
MarSeillaise in 1949, was bought
three years ago by Mr.. Costa'S
line. She had accommodations
for 202 first-class passengers
and 1000 in tourist class. She
was recently refitted at a cost
of about 81 million.
Evening star., 1961-10-23
Ocean Liner Still Afire;
Two Dead, 667 Escape

ST GEORGES. Grenada,
Oct. % CAPD The Italian
liner Blanca C. still blazed
furiously today off this British
West Indies port after an ex-
plosion and fire killed two
crewmen and sent 667 persons
fleeing over the sides.
Lifeboats carried to safety
1862 passengers-many of the
women in their nightclothing-
and 305 crewmen. Eight of the
crewmen we're injured in the
blaze. one seriously.
Officials gave up all hope
of salvaging the l8.427-ton
liner which was homeward
bound for Genoa, Italy. after
picking up passengers mainly
from La Guaira, Venezuela.
An engine room blast rocked
the ship and set off the fire
early yesterday morning while
most of the passengers were
still asleep.
Second Engineer RodizZa
Natalie was rescued, but died
later in a shore hospital. A
greaser working with him was
killed instantly. He was not i'm
mediately identified.
The liner had dropped an
chor in st. Georges harbor
Saturday night about a half
mile offshore to pick up 1S
more passengers in Grenada. 1t
was the last port of call on this
side of the Atlantic before sail
ing for Italy.
Evening star., 1961-10-23

marskjold quickly becam e
known as a peace maker.
His first successful mission
was a flying trip to Peiping
in December of 1854 to obtain
the release of II United States
airmen, whose Imprisonment
was causing rising friction be-
tween Red China and the
United States.
In the spring of 1856, when
the Middle East threatened to
explode, Mr.. Hammarskj old
obtained a ceaSe-fire between
Israel and its Arab neighbors.
On instructions of the U. N.
General Assembly, he got a
cease-fire in the Suez war later
See NOBEL, Page AS
Evening star., 1961-10-23
Ohio Teamster
Wins Review
Court Will Hear
Racket Conviction
BY MIRIAM GUTENBERG
star stat Writer


William Presser, Ohio Team
sters Union chief, today won a
Supreme Court review of a con-
viction stemming from the Sem
ate Rackets Committee investi-
CATION.
The case the high court
agreed to hear involves his con-
viction on a charge Of obstruct-
ing justice through mutilating
and concealing union records
sought by the committee. Last
term, the Supreme Court re-
fused to review Pressers con-
tempt of Congress conviction.
In two cases involving racial
issues, the court today:
Took a new look at the
NAACP's long battle 10 carry
on its work in Alabama and
directed that the organization
be heard by State or Federal
court on a 1856 restraining or
der which has kept it from OPP
Grating in Alabama.
Refused to review a Rich
mond anti-loitering law which
resulted in the conviction OF
the wife of a Negro dentist who
refused to move on under po-
lice orders.
Invoice Involved
The Presser case involves de-
struction of an invoice show
ing the sale OF eight $10C
champagne buckets in 1855
See COURT, Page Az
Evening star., 1961-10-23

its 50-Inegaton nuclear bomb
this morning. The U. MS l0l-
nation Political Committee re-
cessed Friday after putting off
a vote on the resolutions until
today.
One proposal, by Denmark,
is that the Political Committee
vote first on a seVen-nation
resolution appealing to the So
Wet government not to explode
the giant bomb.
India Wants Moratorium
India wants a vote first on
its resolution urging all atomic
powers to refrain from all fur
ther nuclear tests until a test
ban agreement is reached.
Britain and the Unite e d
States sponsored a third reso-
luton urging resumption Of
their negotiations with the So
Wet Union for a test ban and
calling for a progress report to
the U. N. Disarmament Com
mission by next March.
The United States has told
the committee it will not stop
its underground nuclear tests
again until a test-ban treaty
Evening star., 1961-10-23
U. .S.MapsPIdn
On Space Law
7 Points Extend
u. N. Charter
ST. LOUIS. Oct, % cAPD

ST. LOUIS, Oct. % APP
Assistant Secretary OF State,
Harlan Cleveland has outlined
a seven-point administration
program to extend international
law to outer space.
He said the United States
program would be presented to
the United Nations General
Assembly with this goal in
mind: To preserve peace in
outer space-and extend to all
nations the benefits Of explor-
ing it,"
President Kennedy sketched
the outlines of the program in
a speech last month before the
United Nations. The President
said the world body must be
made strong enough to enforce
law and order in space as we'll
as on earth.
Seven Points
This is the seven-point pro-
gram licked off yesterday by
Mr.. Cleveland in a speech to
the Founders Week banquet at
st. Louis University:
/. Explicit confirmation that
the U. N. Charter applies to the
outer limits Of space explora-
ton.
2. A declaration that outer
space and celestial bodies are
not subject to claims OF national
sovereignty.
3. An international system
for registering all objects
launched into space.
4. A specialized outer-space
unit in the U. N. secretariat.
5. A world weather watch
using satellites and other ad-
vanced techniques.
6. A cooperative search for
ways by which man can start
modifying the weather.
7. A global system of COM
munications satellites to link
the entire world by telegraph,
telephone, radio and television.
In his speech to the United
Nations, Mr.. Kennedy declared: ::
las we extend the rule of
law on earth, so must we also
extend it to mans new domain: !:
Outer space"
Evening star., 1961-10-23

is signed and may even have
to start tests in the atmos-
phere. Britain agreed with this
position.
Meanwhile, there were indi-
cations something will happen
this week to break the stale
mate over election of a tenn
porary secretary general.
Soviet Deputy Foreign Minis
ter Valerian A. Zorin told
other delegates he is expecting
fresh instructions from Mos
COW. u Thant of Burma. who
is acceptable to both the United
States and Russia for the in
terim appointment, said in an
interview yesterday: Il think
the atmosphere will be clear
early this week"
United States Ambassador
Adlai E. Stevenson and Mr..
Zorin conferred again today
on the deadlock. Mr.. Stevenson
had discussed this and other
U. N. problems yesterday with
President Kennedy at New
port, r. I.
u Thant'S Plan
The United States delegation
was hopeful Mr.. Zorin's instruc-
tions would produce enough
give in the Soviet position tC
permit an agreement to be
reached on the two remaining
issues-how many principal ad
visers the acting secretary gen.
eral should have and what
areas they should be drawn
from. and when he should pub
licly state his intention to work
in close concert with them.
! If no agreement is reached
today U Thant's plan is to dis
cuss with about a dozen small
countries the advisability of hi
putting out a statement of hi'
position on the issues. The bis
powers could either accept hi
position and elect him or star
looking for another candidate.
Evening star., 1961-10-23
TIE lII6IruHn. Full Report
I'LL "EAIIIN' on Pose BIZ

District and vicinity-Clear with low near
As in the city and 80 in the suburbs
tonight. Mostly sunny and warmer tomor-
row. High and low of the last "a hours:
High, 81 at pm. today; low, AZ, at 6:I5
am. today.
Evening star., 1961-10-23
Red 'Superbomb' Test Reported
HommorskjoId, LuthuIi
Get Nobel Peace Prizes

OLSO. Norway, Oct. % (AP).
The Nobel Peace Prize for
1861 was awarded today to Dag
Hammarskjold, who perished
on a peace mission in the
Congo.
The delayed peace prize for
1860 went to Albert John Luth-
uli. a Zulu Christian leader in
South Africa. for his efforts to
alleviate racial discrimination.
Mr.. Luthuli is the first African
to receive the prize, worth 250.-
232 kroner t$4S,640D. The No
bel Peace Prize Committee Of
the Norwegian Storting par
lament last year postponed
its award.
4 Mr.. Hammarskjold became
the first man to receive the
prize posthumously. The Unit
ed Nations secretary general
was killed September l8 when
his plane crashed en- route to
Ndola, Northern RhodeSia. He
was seeking to end the fight
ing between Katangan and
u. N. forces by negotiating with
President Noise Tshombe of
Katanga province.
Prize Is Sd Within u. N.
This is the third time a peace
prize has gone to the United
Nations. U. N. Undersecretary
Ralph J. Bunche Of the United
States won the prize in 1850.
The U. N. office of the Com
mittee for Refugees received
the award in 1854.
Mr.. Hammarskjold, Swedish
aristocrat who he a d e d the
executive branch of the U. N.
from 1853 until his death, was
mentioned as a candidate last
year after organizing a U. N.
force that checked the chaos
in the Congo in mid summer
Of 1860. However. the closing
date for the list of candidates
is February l Of the year OF
the award.
The prize committees state
ment gave no specific reason
for Mr.. Hammarskjold award.
The prize will be placed at
the disposal Of his estate.
Missions Recalled
Adlai Stevenson had Joined
others in urging that the prize
be awarded to Mr.. Hammarsk-
jold posthumously. In view OF
the early closing date for
nominations, Mr.. Hammarsk-
jold must already have been
under consideration at the
time of his death.
Appointed secretary general
Of the U. N. in 1858, Mr.. Ham,
Evening star., 1961-10-23
COLOMBIA LIMITS
PEACE CORPS

CLOSE SUPERVISION from the
Colombion government morks the
Peoee Corps proerom there, where
troined monpower is sought but
ideos ore not. George Shermon re-
ports in the ninth Of q series Of
orticles on Lotin America on Pooe
A-3.
Evening star., 1961-10-23
Swedish Post
Lists Shot in
High Megatons
U. S. SkepticoI
Thut BIust Was
In Fifty Range

The Soviet Union apparently
has exploded another large
nuclear device, giving rise to
that the Russians
heralded 50-megaton explosion
has taken place.
Reports from earthquake
stations in Sweden, France and
Japan early today told of
shock waves on seismographs
which could have come from
a hydrogen bomb blast.
But in the United States,
Atomic Energy Commission
authorities withheld confirma-
ton of the explosion reports.
for the time being. at least.
And an Acc spokesman said
some caution needs to be ex-
erciSed" on the initial report
from Uppsala, Sweden, that
the blast had equaled in force
so million tons Of TINT.
Exact Might Uncertain
A 50-million-ton explosion,
announced earlier this month
by Soviet Premier Khrushchev
as being in the offing, would
be about two and one-half
times as big a bang as the
United States is popularity be-
lieved to possess.
/ The Swedes did not say flat
ily that the Soviet explosion
had a 50-megaton yield4 How
ever, DR.. Arthur Bath of the
UppSala Seismological Insti-
tute, said there are reasons to
relieve that this was its size,
the Associated Press reported.
In Paris, French Atomic
Energy Commission spokesman
said, I'VE cannot be sure it
was the 50-megaton bomb, but
it probably was"
Japan's Central Meteorologi-
cal Agency said the Soviet
blast appeared to be of a prom
lsed 50-megaton bomb.
Both the French and the
Swedes placed the site of the
explosion in the Novaya Zem-
lya area of the Soviet European
Arctic. This is the site of sew
eral earlier blasts in the cur
rent Russian test series.
Fired in Early Morning
The Swedish center recorded
the shock at 4:35 am. EDIT.
There were indications that
the Acc was cross-checL =.
data from various American
bomb-detection stations before
making an announcement.
Presidential Press Secretary
Pierre Salinger said at the
White House in mid-mornine
that an Acc statement would
be forthcoming.
In informed circles in Wash
ington there was willingness to
acknowledge that another Rus
sian test had occurred. but a
dlslnclination to accept the
latest blast as the heralded
big one"
Speech Recalled
At the Soviet Party Congress
in Moscow last week, Mr.. Khru-
shchev said the test series prob
ably would end late this month
with a 50-megatonner.
In exploding a bomb equal
to so million tons of INT we
are thereby also testing a de-
vice for the explosion of the
bomb equal to 100 million tons
OF TINT" the Soviet leader said.
He added that a 100-megaton
bomb is in Russia's arsenal. but
that the Soviet did not intend
to explode it.
American weapons experts
believe that bombs in the So
lOO-megaton range can be built,
but would serve no useful pur-
pose except as weapons of sheer
terror
Evening star., 1961-10-23
Russians Fire Rocket

MOSCOW. Oct. % (AP).-
The Soviet Union fired another
multiStage rocket $500 miles
into the Central Pacific yester-
day with a high degree of
accuracy" TaSs said today. It
was the sixth shot announced
in the current series, which
Tass said is being extended.
Evening star., 1961-10-23
u. N. Vote Scheduled
On NucIeor TESTING
India Asking Complete Ban,
Danes Push Appeal to Russia

UNITED NATIONS N. Y Oct % (AP)-The United
Nations Political Committee had scheduled today
whether to appeal to all nations to stop nucear tests or to
request explode huge bomb that already
have been set off
Evening star., 1961-10-23
u. ). Soldiers
Rescue Aide
In East Zone
Gen. Clay BIomes
Red Police After
Tense Incident

BERLIN. Oct. % CAP).-Gen
Lucius D. Clay today blamed
Communist East German police
for irresponsible and illegal
behavior" causing an incident
on the border involving United
States troops.
President Kennedy's special
envoy in Berlin spoke up after
a squad of United States troops
twice marched into Red-ruled
East Berlin last night with
bayonets fixed to escort E.
Allan Lightner. jr.. top State De-
partment official in Berlin.
East German police had held up
Mr.. Lightner's car. The East
Germans did not try to in
terfere with the troops.
The United States soldiers
were backed up by three Patton
tanks that moved up to the
border. The tanks stood guard
through the night but were
withdrawn this morning. East
German police at the border
were reinforced, however.
Clay in Close Touch
Gen. Clay's office issued a
statement saying he had been
in continuous close touch with
the events at FriedrichStrasse
last night"
FriedrichStraSse, where the
incident occurred. is the only
place the Communists now al
low the Western allies to cross
into East Berlin.
The behavior Of the East
German peoples police created
the incident and forced the
United States to send a mill
tary escort into the Soviet
sector to assist the United
States minister in exercising
his right of free entry and
free movement in the Soviet
sector" the statement said.
Mr.. Lightner is deputy chief
Of the United States mission.
ranking behind the United
States Ambassador to West
Germany. AS top State Depart
ment official in Berlin. he
holds the rank Of minister.
Il have read press reports
based on a Vopo captains ac-
count of the incident" Gen.
Clay said. including prepos-
ferrous charges about Mr.. Light
ner's conduct throughout the
incident. including the allega-
ton that his car struck and in
jured a Vopo."
Drinking Alleged
"Vopo" is the local name for
the East German Peoples
Police. The East German cap
tain in charge Of the check
point said Mr.. Lightner had
been drinking, used violent Ian
guage and deliberately injured
one of his men.
1T was to be expected" Gen.
Clay said. that the East Ger
man police would try to excuse
their illegal actions by false
and malicious statements con-
cerning the responsible senior
. United States official who was
involved. These are the normal
tactics of their kind"
Protests we're expected from
the Communists against the
action of the American troops
in escorting Mr.. Lightner into
East Berlin.
Mr.. Lightner, driving to an
East Berlin theater with his
wife, was stopped by East Ger
man Vopos when he refused to
show his Identification papers.
The Western powers do not
recognize the East German re-
gime and maintain the Vopos
have no right to check vehicles
with Allied license plates, re-
gardless of whether the occu-
pants are in uniform or in
civilian clothes.
No official comment on the
See BERLIN, Page AS
Evening star., 1961-05-07

Saturday, informal
modelling Of Sue
Brett fashions in
Juniors Dresses, 4th
Floor, Washington,
100 to 100.
Evening star., 1961-05-07
<z2d

NJ on d ay through
Thursday, lie orn
how to decorate su-
per beautiful gift
packages for Moth
er's Day. (Thot's
Sunday, the 4th, re-
m e m b er). Miss
Mary West, Tie-Tie
StyIist demonstrates
in our Washington
and branch store
stationery d depart.
ments. Monday, at
Chevy Chase. Tues
doy, at VIII e ton
PIozo. Wednesday,
at 7 Corners. Thurs
d oy, Washington.
Eoch day. 100
am. TO LOO pm.
and 200 to 400
pm. Additional
demonstrations on
Monday and Thurs
day. 100 to $50.
Evening star., 1961-05-07

Paradise Kittens have gift for making mother happy
The whole Porode family
styles here both know otes many
bodbosed little heels walking pleasure gently
curved for Aboe "Semou
Lef Susie" soft punched leather bone whfe
Chevy Chose