davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-05-22
Joint Chiefs
Win Backing
By ]. A. O'LEARY
Star Staff Writer

Senator Goldwater, Republic
can of Arizona, today came to
the defense of the Joint Chiefs
of Staff in connection with the
unsuccessful Cuban invasion.
He told the Senate the attack
on the Joint Chiefs by Senator
Gore, Democrat Of Tennessee
makes it necessary for him to
ask that the Senate and the
American people be given in
formation on the full role
played by the Joint Chiefs in
the incident.
Senator Goldwater, who is a
brigadier general in the Air
Force reserve, said the entire
Congress has acted with pro-
priety by refraining from parti-
san accusations while waiting
for the story Of the Cuban in
vaSion to unfold.
But now, he said, it seems
that one Senator has informa'
ton "that the rest of us do not
have, and questions arise thai
must in fairness to a group oi
dedicated Americans, the jos
be answered"
For example, the Senator
said he understood at the time
Of the invasion that the jos
had been consulted. Since thai
time he has heard statements
Evening star., 1961-05-22

that none of them had been
consulted Immediately prior to
the invasion attempt.
did they participate or
didn't they?" asked Senator
Goldwater. "If they did,, to
what extent? Were there some
who were not consulted while
others were and, if so, who were
they and why were the others
excluded?"
In reply to the Goldwater
criticism, Senator Gore invited
other Senators to go to the Sem
ate Foreign Relations Commit
tee room and read the tran
script Of last weeks closed Ses-
sion with Gen. Lyman L. Lem
inter, chairman Of the Joint
Chiefs, and then form their
own conclusions.
It was after that hearing that
Senator Gore called for replace
ment Of the Joint Chiefs with
wiser, abler men,"
Senator Butler, Republican
Of Maryland, called for an in
vestigation of the Cuban affair,
as the Senate investigated the
U-2 plane incident during the
Eisenhower administratio.
Senator Lausche, Democrat
Of Ohio, said no good could
come to this country from such
an investigation and recalled
htathe also opposed the u
inquiry.
Evening star., 1961-05-22

report on what the President
told the Russians.
AS well as a better under
standing between the Presi-
dent and the Soviet Premier,
Mr.. Hatcher said Mr.. Ken
nedy told the group there is a
possibility the Vienna meet
ing may bring better under
standing between the two coun-
tries"
I'VE have come through diff
ficult times" Mr.. Hatcher
quoted the President as say
ing, "and this in itself stresses
the necessity of closer COM
munications between leaders OF
great powers and between their
peoples"
The press secretary said Mr.
Kennedy concluded by saying
I'm this area there is a lot to
Ibe done yet"
Evening star., 1961-05-22


a better understanding between
ourselves and Chairman Khru-
shchev."
The President announced
Friday that he will meet with
Mr.. Khrushchev in Vienna on
June 8 and 4, after a three-day
meeting with French President
de Gaulle in Paris.
American reporters were bar
ed by Mr.. Hatcher from a
meeting in the Presidents Of
flee between Mr.. Kennedy and
a group of IL visiting Soviet
editors. The meeting was COW
cred b ytwo representatives OF
the Soviet news agency TaSS
who are stationed in the
United States.
An hour or so later, at the
regular morning press confer
ence in the press secretary's Of
flee, Mr.. Hatcher was asked
about the meeting and gave his
Evening star., 1961-05-22
By MARY McGRORY
Star Staff Writer

Members of the administra-
ton are so busy explaining
what the Observation-Disclosures
meeting will not be, they have
not had time to tell what it is.
1t is not a summit meeting,
they say. 1t is not a negotiating
session. 1t is not expected to
produce settlements or even a
new spirit. 1t is not supposed
to generate high hopes, unlike
other New Frontier enterprises.
To the question why have
it at alp" the answer most
often heard is why not? 1t
probably won't do any good,
but it won't do any harm"
Part of the difficulties the
spokesmen are having is that
the Vienna meeting indicates
a reversal of an oft-stated
Kennedy advocacy Of quiet"
as opposed to personal" di-
plomacy. But at the same time
that the President was holding
high the hand of our Ambas-
sador to the Soviet Union,
Llewellyn Thompson, he was
broaching the idea of such a
meeting with the Soviet
Premier.
Another apparent contradic-
ton is Mr.. Kennedy's campaign
pledge to build up Americas
strength before sitting down to
talk. He will meet Mr.. Khrush-
chev within five months Of
taking office.
Outlook Was Good
Mr.. Thompson himself is said
to have favored the encounter
from the first for the reason
that Mr.. Khrushchev was har-
boring illusions" about the
new young man in the White
House. At that time, too, things
were going our way in the
world. The Soviets had suffered
a setback in Africa, the NATO
alliance was firm, the Latin
American aid program was be-
ing launched and India, the
most important neutralis
country, was making the proper
noises.
There was no reason to sup
pose, one State Department Of
ficial said, that things might
not be even better by the time
the meeting took place. The
President was reported to be
curious" about the Soviet Pre-
mier, whom he had met only
once, briefly-over the teacups
at a Senate Foreign Relation:
Committee reception during Mr.
Khrushchev's cataclysmit
American tour in September
Evening star., 1961-05-22
How To Use Water To
END YOUR
CONSTIPATION WORRIES

Here's how to get to the basic
root of your constipation prob
lem. Bring enough moisture to
your lower colon every day. As
soon as food wastes are nor
mally moistened, they will
move" as they should and you
will enjoy daily elimination.
So do this to end your consti-
patton worries. Take SERUTAN
every day with plenty of water.
SERUTAN is a pure vegetable gel
which carries twenty times its
weight in water to your lower
Evening star., 1961-05-22

digestive tract where it is needed
to promote more normal regu-
larity.
SERUTAN provides the proper
moisture, bulk and peristaltic
action to help keep you regular.
This is utterly different from
chemical laxatives which cause
diarrhea and may dry you out.
Get SERUTAN today. Use it
faithfully as directed for at least
one week. You must enjoy daily
regularity or your money back
from the maker.
Evening star., 1961-05-22
Kennedy Voices Hopes
In Red Press PorIey
By GARNETT d. HORNER
Star Staff Writer

President Kennedy he is hopefully looking for
ward" to his meeting with Soviet Premier KhrushcheV In
Vienna early next month.
Associate White House Secretary Andrew Hatcher
Quoted the President as telling group of Russian newspaper
en that from this there is possibility OF attaining
Evening star., 1961-03-20

controversial bills to passage,
including the first civil rights
law in 80 years.
During the past week Sena-
tor Mansfield demonstrated
that he, too, can get things
done. Watching him from the
galleries. an observer gets the
impression that the new leader
is not pulling in very tightly
on the reins, and that he leaves
the whip in it's socket as he
coaxes his Democratic COL
leagues to pull together.
Even when he diSagrees with
some Of his colleagues, as he
did on the method Of financing
temporary unemployment COM
pensation. he does it in terms
that will leave no lasting sting,
and that seem to recognize that
there are two sides to every
question.
His task undoubtedly has
been helped by the presence
in the White House of a Demo-
cratic President.
One change Senator Mans
field has tried to bring about
has been to avoid night ses-
sions. In recent years it was
almost standard procedure to
hold the Senate in session until
II pm. or later to bring major
bills to a vote.
This year there has been
only one late evening session,
last Thursday, when the Senate
ratified two treaties and
passe two unemployment
compensation bills.
Evening star., 1961-03-20

WGMS yesterday, Mr.. Salin-
ger said that within the next
two weeks a forming commit
tee will be organized. He
said the prize idea had re-
ceived an overwhelming reac-
ton and pledges Of large
amounts of money for the prof.
ect have been received at the
White House.
Mr.. Salinger first suggested
such a prize during a National
Symphony Orchestra Sustain
ing Fund luncheon earlier this
month, together with an idea
borrowed from violinist Isaac
Stern for a National Youth
Orchestra.
Evening star., 1961-03-20

an enviable record for getting
things done.
Although the Vice President
had to deal with a Republican
President during most Of his
eight years as Democratic Sem
ate leader, he steered many
Evening star., 1961-03-20
Kennedy Backs
Move for Art,
Music Prizes

President Kennedy is Every
interested" in establishing an
American music and art prize
according to his press secre-
tary, Pierre Salinger.
Mr.. Salinger said the Presi-
dent had asked him to ex-
plore the possibilities of such
a prize and had put him in
charge of preliminary plans.
In a tapped interview over
Evening star., 1961-03-20
Mansfield Makes Good
As.Mojority Leader
By J. A. OLEARY
Star Staff Writer

After nearly three months In
the drivers seat. the Senate's
new majority leader-quiet. low
keyed Mike Mansfield Of Mon
tana-appears to be making
good.
The six major bills and two
treaties that have cleared the
Senate since January 3 give
him a fairly high batting aver
age, considering the fact that
the new administration could
not even submit its program to
Congress until after the jan
uary 20 inaugural ceremonies.
The Senate spent those pre-
inaugural days holding hear
ings on the Kennedy cabinet
appointees. Since January 20
it has confirmed scores of
presidential appointees.
But Senator Mansfield him
self has said many times that
he hopes this Congress will be
judged by the quality and not
by the quantity of its legisla-
ton.
If adherence to the Kennedy
New Frontier program is to be
the yardstick for determining
quality, then Senator Mans
field has achieved his goal thus
far.
Rough Road Still Ahead
The toughest part Of his road
may still lie ahead, when such
Kennedy-backed legislation as
Federal aid to education, med
ical care for the aged under
social security, a broader min
imum wage law and the new
Kennedy farm program come
before the Senate.
But if he is as successful
on those issues as he was dur
ing the past week in sustaining
Mr.. Kennedy's viewpoint on aid
to depressed areas and emer-
gency unemployment compen-
Sation, his first year as ma
jority leader will be a note
worthy one.
Senator Mansfield said today
he still intends to try to give
the Senate another chance this
year to consider a new anti
filibuster rule.
He considers this the one
road-block to prevent Congress
from completing its work by
the end Of July.
The Democrats were con-
fronted by this controversial
issue on January 3, the opening
day Of the session. Fearing that
it would endanger the legisla-
tive program Of the new ad-
miniStration by splitting the
Northern and Southern Demo-
Gratis, Senator Mansfield moved
to send the proposed new rules
to the Rules Committee, of
which he is chairman.
Wants Rules Changed
II gave a promise that 1
would hold hearings and try to
get q revision Of the rules out
Of committee later" said the
majority leader, making it clear
he expects to keep that promise.
He added that he would sup
port a reduction from two
thirds Of those present to three
fifthS as the number of votes
required to curb Senate debate.
A three-fifths rule would al
low so Senators to limit debate.
Under the present rule, if all
Senators were present, it would
take 81 to apply the limitation.
Liberals want the rule changed
partly to help obtain action on
additional civil-rights legisla-
ton. If a new rule should be
reported from committee after
the Kennedy program has been
acted upon, it could keep the
Senate in session all summer.
Senator Mansfield stepped
into a large pair Of shoes on
January 8. His predecessor, Vice
President johnson, had built UP
Evening star., 1961-11-29
WILLIAM S. WHITE ~ ~ - Z -. sa.ss1@3 il.
Kennedy Makes q Turn in Road

moves up to the place next to
Mr.. Rusk as the principal
Undersecretary, already has
become a top Western lead
er in the campaign to ex-
pand trade all over the free
world.
In summary, then, the re-
formed foreign policy estab-
lishment has these qualities:
1t believes in negotiation"
but never in negotiation" as
a substitute for national
power and determination. And
there will be much practical
emphasis now on ways to win
the worldwide economic war
with the Soviet Union.
Messrs. Rusk, Ball. McGhee,
Rostow and Hartman all
understand the vital place Of
trade in the great contest
which is the cold war. All are
traders more than debaters
Of theology.
AS to domestic politics, the
President has made an i'm
portant choice. He is now go
ing nearly all the way with
the practical men within the
administration. He has, on
the whole, sent for tie tough
guys. His remaining contact
with the left-wing of his
party is very small. so far as
the really important things
like foreign policy are con-
cerned.
Evening star., 1961-11-29
DORIS FLEEsoN
Presidents Bid to Russian People

United States repeatedly
noted his enormous self-love.
Accustomed as they are to
self-csntered politicians. they
put hin at the top of the
list.
Mr.. Kennedy a accorded
unique status to Russia's top
editor who is Mr.. Khrush-
chev's son-in-law. Other cor
respondents, domestic and
foreign, can see him on re-
quest and describe his views,
but none have been allowed
to go on record with him.
The White House is happy
with the results. 1t does not
expect to receive a flood Of
similar requests from editors
Of other nations but If it
does. they will be dealt with
on their merits.
Evening star., 1961-11-29
DAVID LAWRENCE
Shifting the Policy Jobs Around

lAAC DOoo VI bAlC OIdbC NCpdi v
ment and foreign policy. The
glib answer given was that
nobody but the President
could be boss, anyhow, and
that everybody would listen
to everybody else's advice.
and things would be all
right.
Then came the Cuban "in-
vasion" fiasco. 1t so happens.
Mr.. Bowles was one Of the
opponents of the adventure,
so he seemed later to. be
vindicated. It is now being
said apologetically that. be-
cause of all this. it wasn't
polite or expedient to denote
him at that time. Now it is
being asserted that, while he
is a man of imagination and
ability, he is not an admin
istrator. If true, it seems
strange this wasn't known
earlier. He now has been
appointed "the Presidents
special representative and
adviser on African, Asian and
Latin-American affairs
1t also is being announced
that some of those who have
been on the White House
staff will occupy positions at
the State Department now.
and that all this has the
approval of Secretary Rusk.
One wonders why it took
more than 10 months to find
out that the Secretary of
State either must be the boss
or he becomes Just one Of a
dozen advisers sitting around
the President, who makes the
final decision on foreign
policy.
Sooner or later, the Ameri-
can people will insist on con-
tinuity of Government at
the departmental level at
least, and some day also they
will sanction elections only
at times when the national
interest will not be imperiled.
They will favor a system
that doesn't permit nine
months of campaigning to
interrupt public business but
one that permits an instant
change at the helm If desired.
Such a selection would be
made - as in Britain and
Canada-by the duly elected
representatives Of the people
in the national legislature.
They would choose as the
Nations leader someone from
the group Of legislators who
had already had leadership
experience.
Copyright, 196D
Evening star., 1961-11-29

The shift in the staffs Of
the Department Of State and
the White House - involving
10 positions that are related
to the making Of foreign
policy - should be an eye
opener to the American
people.
1t is a tragic example of
experimentation. lack of sys-
TEN. and the evil effect of
partisan politics on the
efficient conduct Of govern
ment.
Already it is being said that
President Kennedy learns
well by experience" and that
his latest changes do not in
volve structure or policies,
but people. He himself says
the shifts in personnel are
intended to provide more
effective matching of people
with responsibilities"
But these are mere euphe-
misms that gloss over a pal
pable defect in the political
system. For why must the
American people suffer a
change of administration in
the midst of a world crisis.
and. when this happens, why
must some of the most
experienced personnel in the
different departments of
Government be let out be-
cause they happen to be Re-
publicans or Democrats. as
the case may be? Does the
British Foreign Office change
its main personnel below the
rank of Foreign Minister
every time there's a change
of party? OF course not.
Continuity is considered
essential.
The moment this example
is mentioned hereabouts,
however. the politicians i'm
mediately say that career
diplomats" are unimaginative
or stodgy or lacking in ca
pacity to administer. But
who said that all career
diplomats" we're capable in
the first place? Does the
fact that a man got his ini-
tial appointment through pol
itics and served 20 years
mean that this makes him
an efficient member of the
foreign staff? The answer
is that in Government, as
well as in private business.
there has to be a constant
measurement Of efficiency.
and someone must be allowed
Evening star., 1961-11-29
Shokeup in the Basic Operating System
Is Seen, With Practical Action Stressed

The Kennedy administra-
ton has made its first great
turn in the road. What is
specifically a shakeup of
men is really a shakeup in
its fundamental operating
system.
The Presidents mass
changing of the guard among
high foreign policy officials
has more meaning than ap-
pears on the surface and in
wolves more than foreign
policy.
He has strengthened the
whole traditional system of
cabinet-officer responsibility.
He now down-grades the
somewhat free wheeling
circle Of purely personal
White House associates here
tofore so prominent in this
Government.
He has given a clear signal
that he is turning more to in
stitutional government based
upon institutional advice. He
is turning away from intuitive
government based on the
intuitive advice of a so-called
Palace Guard" at the White
House which has had the
Presidents private ear but
has not had positions Of iden-
tifiable public responsibility.
A cabinet officer operating
from a formal public position
can be easily held responsible
by President and public. A
personal White House adviser
without formal office can be
held accountable by Presi-
dent, but not by public.
Secretary Of State Dean
Rusk emerges as the unchal-
lenged chief voice on the cold
war next to the President
himself-whereas there used
to be, or seemed to be, a good
many such voices.
This has been accomplished
primarily by the custer Of
Evening star., 1961-11-29
Transfer of Ten Officials Is Criticized
As One Effect of Partisan Politics

to fire the incompetent and
hire the competent.
Take the case Of Chester
Bowles. He came out of
Madison avenues advertis-
ing world to enter politics.
He was in the Office of Price
Administration during World
War II, serving as price ad-
ministrator from 1943 to 1916.
He was later elected Cover
nor Of Connecticut and served
as Ambassador to India for
two years during the Truman
administration. While a men,
Der Of Congress, he had the
foresight in 1859 to come out
for the nomination of John
F. Kennedy as the Demo
cratic presidential candidate.
long before many Of the other
politicians did.
This helped the Kennedy
cause. When convention time
arrived, the Kennedy forces
were able to name Mr.. Bowles
to be chairman of the all
important platform commit
tee. 1t was a reward for his
energetic service in behalf of
the Kennedy candidacy in the
preconvention months. He
campaigned effectively later
on, too.
When Mr.. Kennedy was
elected President. it was ma
tural for the politicians gen.
orally to feel that Mr.. Bowles
should be given a real plum,
perhaps in the cabinet. He,
himself, wanted to be Secre-
tary Of State. He was plainly
disappointed when he had to
be satisfied with the post of
UnderSecretary Of State. At
that time nobody argued
whether Mr.. Bowles could fill
that job efficiently. Every
thing was in a tizzy anyway.
The New Frontier" was be-
ing outlined as the new utopia
and bold and imaginative"
people were being extolled as
prospective members Of the
new administration.
Then all Of a sudden some
thing strange happened. 1t
was announced at Inaugural
tion time that a staff of ad-
visers on foreign policy would
surround the President at the
White House even though
Dean Rusk was designated to
be Secretary of State. The
speculation began as to
whether Mr.. Rusk or the
White House staff would be
Evening star., 1961-11-29
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

Moscow prints interview with Kennedy by Khru-
shchevS son-in-aw 1t the Communist jumbo economy
size interview Every question got two from
Kennedy-and from the Russian.
Kennedy makes Chester Bowles consutant for Latin
America Asia and Africa. When they kick upstairs
this administration, they make him lug awful lot of
real estate up to the attic with him.
When George Ball replaced Chester Bowles as Under
secretary of State it's Bowles shrugged off, Oh
well, that's the way the Ball bounces"
The White appauds Russian press for print
ing interview with Kennedy Great forward STEP 1t
the Of peaceful coexstence will least
three four days
Living costs go up again. the Government reports What
a needs in this country a good fa-up shelter.
Evening star., 1961-11-29
DORIS FLEESON
Presidents Answers to Soviet Editor
Called ForcefuI Outline of u. S. Policy

President Kennedy has put
a forceful outline of United
States foreign policy before
the Russian people by way Of
his interview with the editor
of Izvestia, Alexei Adzhubei.
He is the first American
President to enjoy that privi-
lege. Soviet Premiers Stain
and Khrushchev often have
taken advantage Of the
interview device to speak di-
rectly to the American people
over the heads Of their gov
ernment. This is a turning of
the tables.
Because Izvestia is the
official Communist news
paper and its editor is Premier
Khrushchev's son-in-law, the
conformation of the Presi-
dent and Mr.. Adzhubei was
more in the nature of a polit-
ical debate than the usual
press interview. Still, he put
his questions politely and
most Of the talking was done
by the President.
Nor did the President float
any trial balloons as the
Soviet Premiers have on
occasion appeared to be
doing. He directed his replies
to the points raised by the
visitor and his language was
precise. He gave the i'm
preston that he was getting
pretty much what he ex-
pected in the way of question
plus argument from his
Soviet visitor. This is not
very surprising.
One Of the dire aspects Of
dealing with the Russians is
the party line. They can say
the same things in more ways
than Danny Kaye can invent
and they never seem to tire.
1t is important in replying
to be patient and to keep
ones own thoughts in good
order.
These qualities Mr.. Ken
nedy displayed in his crucial
debates with his Republi-
can opponent for the Presi-
dency, Richard Nixon, and
they appeared again in the
Hyannis interview. They are
a part of the Presidents
personal discipline and have
doubtless been reinforced by
his writing.
What did the Russians get
out of it? 1t is automatic that
they have a purpose and that
careless good nature is not
among their merits.
State Department experts
will. of course, examine Mr..
Adzhubei's part for any new
leads they may suggest to
Moscow's real will and de-
sires. None appear immedi-
ately evident. The White
House takes the attitude that
the big achievement is that
the President reached the
Russian people.
People at the scene in Mos