davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-04-09
THE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
Unity for Any New Crisis

African Presidents harangue to
the mob, it was too late. A fren-
Zied rampage of thousands Of
panga-Wielding Africans resulted.
Stones smashed windows in the
airport buildings. The little Swed-
ish U. N. garrison watched ner-
vously as the screaming mob Of
an estimated 1000 Africans de-
stroyed furniture and equipment,
tore down the blue-and-white
U. N. flag, and threatened airline
passengers.
Troops of Mr.. Tshombe's we'll
trained and Belgian-led Katanga
army finally arrived to restore
order. Next day transport planes
with Irish U. N. troops aboard
reinforced the Elisabethville gar
rison. The U. N. command warned
Mr.. Tshombe that tough Indian
Ghurkas, anathema to the Afri-
cans, would be next if the situa-
tion again got out of hand.
AS the week ended the fiery
Tshombe appeared to have calmed
down. He agreed that joint Ka-
tanga-U. N. control of the airport
would remain in effect. But U. N.
forces were still being denied serv-
ices and supplies: electricity and
water were cut off at the U. N.
headquarters and shops refused to
do business with U. N. personnel.
But the U. N. was standing firm,
and Mr.. Tshombe appeared to be
recognizing the seriousness of the
U. N. determination.
Evening star., 1961-04-09
THE NATIONAL SCENE
Turn I oWord Politics
And New Coalitions

Former Vice President Nixon
on Thursday announced he
would return to the political
wars after May l by discussing
critically the "errOrs" made by
the Kennedy administration.
Since its narrow defeat for the
White House prize last November,
the Republican Party has spoken
with a soft and fragmented voice.
There. has been no rallying
round, no eoalescing of the di-
verse philosophical segments of
the membership to do battle as
the loyal opposition to the Demo-
cratic ''ins."
True, Republican congressman
again have joined Southern Demo-
Gratis to form a powerful conserva-
tive coalition and threaten ma
jor portions of President Ken
nedy's New Frontier legislative
program.
But while the coalition may
score victories in the weeks ahead,
the fact remains that, as the law
makers return to Capitol Hill, after
the Easter recess, the administra-
tion's legislative record is fairly
good,
Evening star., 1961-04-09
Economic Outlook

The concern Of the United
States over the existing economic
rivalry between Europe's "Outer
Seven" and "Inner Six" was set
forth with emphasis on the neceS-
sity for economic solidarity among
Western European nations,
whether NATO members or not.
A related subject Of growing i'm
portance-aid to underdeveloped
nations - was another topic for
intensive exploration.
The present and future Of
NATO. the Vests military bas-
ton against possible Communist
aggression in Europe, was another
matter Of prime concern, with
the emphasis here being placed
on the Kennedy argument that
NATO could indeed be rnuch
more than it is now. ....
On Thursday, aboard the
Honey Fitz," the discussions were
more specific. Southeast Asia in
general, with Laos and South Wet
Nam taking most of the atten-
ton, was one subject; the prob
Evening star., 1961-04-09
Busy Schedule

Mr.. Macmillan arrived In Wash
ington on Tuesday evening. He
was whisked by helicopter from
Andrews Air Force Base to the
grounds Of the Naval Observatory,
hard by the British Embassy.
This was to be no state visit; it
was strictly a working stint and
the Prime Minister and the Presi-
dent had at it with a minimum
Of social or protocol distraction.
On Wednesday they talked for
q solid seven hours, even through
luncheon. This first days dis
cussion was described as one
dealing with the general world
situation, the posture and policies
of the on-Communist world in
the current context Of interna-
tional affairs. The two were,
not surprisingly-reported to be
in agreement that there had to
be a greater degree Of co-ordina-
ton and cooperation between
Western allies, in economic and
political as well as military
matters.
On policy toward the Peoples
Republic of China, the two states
men agreed to disagree. Britain
recognizes the Peking regime and
MIR. Macmillan Is understood to
have told Mr.. Kennedy the Cb-
vious: That keeping the matter
of Chinese membership in the
United Nations off the agenda of
the General Assembly has already
become q lost cause. But the
President and Secretary Of State
Rusk apparently consider the
time not yet ripe for a change
in United States policy on the
China question. ..
Evening star., 1961-04-09

will not be bound by any accord,
will go on testing, and will de-
velop a nuclear arsenal. The So
Wet Union,- quite obviously, can
use the French position as a rea-
sonable excuse for calling off the
negotiations entirely.
AS of yesterday, these were the
major issues keeping the two sides
apart at Geneva:
. Scheduled inspections per year:
The West wants 20; the Soviet
Union, three.
Q Permanent control posts: The
West asks l9; the Soviet Union. Is.
. Control post. personnel: The
West demands the posts be stated
by observers foreign to the nation
in which they are stationed; the
Soviet Union demands national
only.
. Detection equipment: The West
asks a continuing research pro-
gram in detection methods land
points to current projects in
which electrical impulses are be-
ing employed to detect and iden-
tify underground explosions); the
Soviet Union insists that present
methods are adequate.
Evening star., 1961-04-09
Custro'sC Cuba:
Under Fire

Cuba admitted last week that
a second rebel front had been
formed in Oriente Province.
Havana protested vigorously
State Department pamphlet
dOcumenting Communist infIu-
ence in the Castro regime.
Insults and lies," the Castro
government of Cuba said last
week, were the sole content Of
the United States State Depart
ment "fact book" on the Cuban
revolution.
The pamphlet. approved by
President Kennedy, tells the story
of the disillusionment of the peo-
Piles of the Western Hemisphere
who had supported Fidel Castro's
fight against the corrupt and ty-
rannical dictatorship of Fulgen-
clio BatiSta.
"Turbid maneuvering of a gov
ernment (the United States) with
out prestige and without reason!"
screamed Revolution, Premier Cas-
tro's semi-official newspaper.
The State Departments book
let reciteS the tragic story of die
tatorShip in Cuba, and describes
and lauds the aspirations of the
Cuban people for democratic free
dom and economic improvement.
But the Castro regime. the PAM
phlet explains, cynically betrayed
the hopes of the Cuban people
and instituted a new dictatorship
which, in effect, creates a Com
munist bridgehead in the Western
Hemisphere.
A Cuban naval vessel captured
for brief period a small Ameri-
can cable-maintenance ship on
Monday, but let the vessel go
when United States jet fighters
roared out of Guantanamo and
a destroyer hove into sight over
the horizon.
Cuban exiles opposed to the
Castro regime, including in their
number many leaders who had
been vigorous Castro supporters
before his victory over Batista, are
predicting as Imminent" a gen.
eral uprising against the bearded
FfdeliStas. Several groups, previ-
ously unorganized, have formed
the Cuban Revolutionary Council.
DR.. Miro Cardona, its leader. has
conferred with State Department
officials.
Evening star., 1961-04-09
Soviet Congo Plan

At the q. N. General Assembly
Friday the Soviet Union offered a
surprisingly mild plan for stabil-
ization of the Congo. The pro-
posal. circulated among the dele
gates in advance of its formal
presentation, did not demand the
evacuation Of the U. N. emergency
forces from the Congo, as previ-
Gus Soviet moves have done.
Essentially, the Soviet proposal
would have the Congolese Parlia-
ment reconvened within 81 days.
1t would have the U. N. guaran-
tee the territorial integrity and
political independence" of the
Congo. but apparently rejected the
plan Of political confederation
agreed on by Congolese leaders in
the Tananarive conference held in
the Malagasay Republic two weeks
ago, a plan which the Communist
backed Mr.. Gizenga has not ac-
cepted.
Evening star., 1961-04-09
Adenuuer Next

Mr.. Kennedy's next major ses-
sion will be this week with West
German Chancellor Konrad Ade-
nauer. here in Washington. The
course Of the conversation Is ex-
pected to be very much the same
as that set in the Macmillan visit.
But the German leader is known
to have a more unyielding attitude
toward Soviet bloc presSures than
Mr.. Macmillan has indicated, and
the question Of nuclear arms for
the rebuilt German armed forces,
the proposals for naturalization
of central Europe, and the thorny
problem of the proper contribu-
tion of prosperous West Germany
to European defense costs and for
aid to underdeveloped nations
will introduce a few extremely
difficult aspects that were not
present in the Kennedy Macmillan
sessions.
At the end Of the month Mr..
Kennedy will fly to Paris for what
well may be significantly impor-
tant talks with Gen. de Gaulle.
In the view of many diplomats in
Washington, American and for
eign, the French President. more
than any other Western states
man, is in a position to influence
the course Of Western policy, STRAIT
egy and tactics in the years i'm
mediately ahead.
Evening star., 1961-04-09
The Opposition

True, Republican congressional
leaders Everett Dirksen of the
Senate and Charles Halleck of the
House have carried on weekly press
and television conferences, known
here as 1.-THE Ev and Charlie
Show" which have needed the
administration.
But this conservative Midwest
ern duo has worried many of their
more liberal Eastern colleagues
who fear that an image. unattrac-
tive to the big States of the At
lantic seaboard. will be fixed upon
the Republican Party by their
spoofing, repartee and alleged
"negativism. In addition. the
Dirksen-Halleck effort, which ap-
pears to be of an interim nature,
apparently has been no bowling
success with the general public.
On the other hand, Mr.. Ken
nedy, his executive branch ad-
ministrators and his family have
so saturated the news media that
the Republicans must feel at times
that they have all but been blotted
from the national consciousness.
There are at least two reasons
for this: ID Mr.. Kennedy, the
object of more than usual interest
as the first Roman Catholic and
youngest man ever elected Presi-
dent, has been extremely active
during his first rs. days in office,
sending more than a dozen major
messages and endless suggestions
to Congress for legislation and ex-
plotting to the full eight nationally
televised news conferences.
(2) Mr.. Nixon, perhaps the most
powerful Republican leader today,
vowed shortly after his defeat in
the astonishingly close presiden-
tial race last November that he
would give the Kennedy admins
tration a chance to get organized
and underway before he began
any criticism Of it.
GGov: Nelson A. Rockefeller of
New York, who is expected to vie
with Mr.. Nixon for the G. o. P.
nomination in 1864, has adopted
a similar attitude.l
Evening star., 1961-04-09
Honeymoon Over?

Last week, there were signs and
promises that the political honey
moon" is nearing an end for Mr..
Kennedy.
o In the first major sally against
administration moves in the for
eign policy area, outgoing Repub-
lican National Chairman Morton
warned that the United States
should not agree to a coalition
government for Laos which would
inclade Communist representa-
tives. To do SO would invite a
peaceful" coup d'etat, Mr.. Nor
ton suggested.
o Congressional Republican lead
erS told reporters they would hold
a strategy and briefing session
with former President Eisenhower
at his Gettysburg farm on May /.
This will be the first such meeting
since Mr.. Eisenhower left the
White House on January 20.
o Mr.. Nixon announced in San
Francisco on Thursday that his
self-imposed moratorium on criti-
cism Of the Kennedy administra-
ton will be lifted in the first week
of May.
Tanned and well-rested, the for
mer Vice President appeared
eager for a return to the political
wars. Beginning with a major
address in Chicago, he will speak
in several States. The "errors" of
the first 100 days of the New
Frontier will draw lot of his
attention. ...
Mr.. Nixon indicated he would
be the free-swinging warrior of
old.
"They gave us the business
when we were in and they were
entitled to-" he said. "Now we're
going to give it to them and, be-
lieve me. know how to do it,
too."
As Mr.. Nixon warns to his
Evening star., 1961-04-09
Serious Discussion

But the distinguished passen-
gers saw almost nothing Of the
shimmering spring beauty Of the
river. They were below decks in
the dining salon, and their talk
was of crisis and threat, challenge
and counter-challenge. They dis
cussed Laos and Berlin and Wet
Nam and nuclear testing, almost
as If they were cloSeted in the
White House or the State Depart
ment's sterile precincts and in any
season but spring.
Mr.. Kennedy. in his marathon
discussions with Mr.. Macmillan,
was clearly beginning a series Of
allied summit" conferences which
would in the next few months
shape the foreign policy of the
new administration. The Presi-
dent has not abandoned his often
expressed belief that diplomatic
negotiations are conducted best at
diplomatic levels rather than in
summit meetings Of heads-of-
state.
But before mapping out the
major policy lines for the Nations
diplomats to follow, MFR. Kennedy
wants to know the terrain. The
best way he can learn its nature
Is in person-to-perSon contacts
with the men who have been ex-
ploring it so thoroughly-men like
MIR. Macmillan, French President
de Gaulle. and West German
Chancellor Adenauer, as wen as
the leaders of other Western al
lied and neutral nations whose
roles in the long cold war have
been significant.
Evening star., 1961-04-09

task, the political professionals
and independent observers will
be able to. assess with more as
surance his influence and appeal
with the public-which gave him
more than "a million votes in
November. the greatest number
ever obtained by losing candi-
date-and his position with the
leaders and workers in the Re-
publican Party.
1t seems clear that, at this
stage, national leadership for the
Republican Party must come from
MIR. Nixon, Mr.. Rockefeller and,
to a lesser extent, from Senator
Barry Goldwater.
Unless the C. o. P. substan-
TALLY increases its strength in
1962-and this is its immediate
major goal-Republican chiefs in
the Senate and House are not
likely to speak with commanding
voices in party councils.
Last TUESDAY, RepuDIlcanS TOOK
pride in the fact that their can
didate in Texas, John G. Tower,
captured one-third of all the votes
cast in the race for United States
Senator, running ahead of 10
Democrats.
But with a somewhat united
Democratic Party backing Senator
William A. Blakley, like Mr.. Tow
er, a conservative, the young Re-
publican will be the underdog.
In the st. Louis mayoralty elec-
ton, the Democratic candidate
won easily. Republican Chairman
Morton, however, saw the silver
lining. He observed that II Mr..
Nixon had obtained the same per-
centage of the vote as that gar
nered by loser Ben H. Linden
busch, Mr.. Nixon would have
carried Missouri last November.
Evening star., 1961-04-09
Crime-Bustinq:
New Weapons

Attorney General Kennedy
last week proposed eight new
Federal laws to combat inter-
state racketeering.
Organized crime in the United
States has for years been masked
and protected by the facade of
respectable businesses.
The violence Of the era of the
Untouchables and AL Capone are,
happily, gone, if not forgotten.
Instead of the triggerman or
torpedo" we have the smart,
well-dressed corporation lawyer
gone wrong as the vital cog in
criminal empires which grab scores
Continued on Page Ca
Evening star., 1961-04-09
A-Test Ban:
No Progress

The Geneva conference on a
nuclear test ban ground on last
week amid increasing indica-
tiOns of Soviet disinterest in
reaching an agreement.
The familiar question Ct the
veto power, insisted On by the
Soviet Union since the formulation
Of the United Nations Charter, was
the chief barrier last week to
progress In the long negotiations
at Geneva for a policed prohibi-
ton Of nuclear weapons testing.
Evening star., 1961-04-09

President Kennedy and Brit
ish Prime Minister Macmillan
talked long and earnestly last
week on many subjects in world
affairs. The object: A better
cO-0rdinated Western alliance.
Springtime in Washington is a
glorious interlude between. drab,
dismal winter and steaming sum-
mer. On a sunny spring day even
chill winds and Scudding clouds
cannot dim the promising bril-
lance Of sunlight on the Potomac;
a trip to historic Mount Vernon
on the broad river is memorable
experience when the forsythiaS
line the shores in golden splendor
and the cherry trees are SYM
phony of blossoms.
But all who come to Washing
ton in springtime are not tourists,
and some who make the river trip
must have concerns more serious
than the pleasant contemplation
of the vernal miracle.
Last Thursday q sleek cabin
cruiser bearing in gold letters the
name Of q Boston Irish politician,
Honey Fitz," slipped quietly down
the river from Washington to the
estate of the first President.
Aboard were President Kennedy.
Prime Minister Macmillan, and a
bevy Of top-level aides.
Evening star., 1961-04-09
Political Progress

Antoine Gizenga, wearing the
mantle of the murdered Patrice
Lumumba as Vice Premier of the
Congo, last week indicated that
he was ready to discuss a political
settlement with President Joseph
Kasavubu, Premier Ileo and other
Congolese leaders. A Gizenga
lieutenant, Cleophas Kamitatu,
President Of Leopoldville Province,
predicted that informal negotia-
tions would begin soon on the
border between Oriental and Leo
poldville provinces.
President Kasavubu's central
government announced Friday
that the economic blockade of
four pro-Gizenga provinces had
been lifted. Supplies of U. N.-do-
mated foodstuffs such as wheat
flour. sugar and rice began to
move into the areas, where the
chaos Of the Congo's political dis
integration has disrupted essen
tial food production and distribu-
ton,
Evening star., 1961-04-09

able renewal Of Soviet pressures
On West Berlin was another; the
Geneva negotiations on a nuclear
weapons test ban was still a.
other.
Friday the talks were in recess
while Mr.. Macmillan flew to Cam
bridge, Mass, for a speaking en-
gagement at the Massachusetts, IN
stitute Of Technology. Yesterday
the Prime Minister and the Pres
ident met again at the White
House for q final go-round and
the preparation of a Joint state
ment on the nature and results
Of the perSon-to-person confer
ence.
The Joint statement, as ex-
pected, was couched in general
terms. 1t reported a very high
level of agreement" between the
two statesmeR it referred to "the
gravity and depth Of the dangers
in the present world situation for
those nations who wish to retain
their independence and their
priceless right Of choice -.
There were no specifics on any
subject. But the statement reit-
Grated the importance and the
difficulty" Of developing peaceful
relations with the Soviet Union
and the Socialist camp.
Evening star., 1961-04-09
No Veto Acceptable

President Kennedy and Mr..
Macmillan discussed the Geneva
stalemate at length aboard the
Honey Fitz" Thursday. They
were agreed completely that any
veto over the test-ban controls
was totally unacceptable. But they
are concerned over the impact on
world opinion if the Geneva nego-
tiations collapse, especially If the
failure can be laid at the Vests
door by Soviet propagandists.
There has been no deadline set
by the United Statese for the
"either-or" outcome Of the
Geneva talks. But it has been
made plain that they cannot drag
on indefinitely.
Evening star., 1961-04-09
The Big Issues

One big issue in the Geneva
negotiations is the adamant
French attitude toward compli-
ance with a test-ban agreement.
Gen. de Gaulle simply says France
Evening star., 1961-04-09
Soviet Reversal

1t has been apparent since the
Geneva conferees reconvened their
session that the Soviet Union has
lost interest in the subject cf a
test ban. Previously, and for sew
eral years, the Kremlin, the Soviet
press, and Soviet international
pronouncements we're vigorous in
calling for a ban. The United
States and Britain were put in the
position of "stalling" and raising
obstacles to conclusion of a treaty
that would go far to leassure a
jittery world fearful of radiation.
President Kennedy, as much as
his predecessor Mr.. Eisenhower,
is under great pressure from the
Pentagon and the Atomic Energy
Commission to end the morato-
rum on United States testing. If
the Geneva talks continue to be
unsuccessful and prospects for an
agreement continue to be as dim
as they are at present, Mr.. Ken
nedy will almost certainly order
a resumption of underground test
ing as a necessity of national Sc
curity.
Evening star., 1961-04-09

Following the same line as that
taken by Premier khrushchev at
the U. N. General Assembly last
September, the Soviet delegate at
the Geneva talks, Semyon K. Tsa-
rapkin, continues to insist that
the executive direction Of the in
ternational control commission to
be set up for policing any nuclear
test ban be a triumvirate-one
Soviet, one Western. and one neu-
tral secretary-wlth each having
the power of the veto.
This, the West contends, would
mean that the Soviet secretary
could effectively block any action
that Moscow opposed. For ex-
ample, mysterious seismic dis
turbance in the Soviet Unions
vast land mass could pique the
curiosity of the Western powers; a
demand that the cause of the
tremors be investigated could,
under the Soviet proposal, be
vetoed by the Soviet secretary.
Kodiak mirror., 1961-11-24
Couple Engaged

MT. and Mrs. Philip Borokin of Tatitlek, Alaska, announce the en- gagement of their granddaughter, Miss Lubov Andreevna Gregorieff, to Seminarian Simeon Simeonovich Oskolkoff. His Grace, Bishop Am vrossy, blessed the bethrothal on Holy Archangel Michaers Day. No vember 21, following Pontifical Di- vine Liturgy Services in the St. Mich Ia els Orthodox Cathedral, Sitka.
 The wedding will be performed in St. Michael's Cathedral at Sitka on January 28, 1862.
 Miss Lubov Andreevna Gregori- eff has been the Sunday School teacher of St. Nicholas Orthodox Church for five years in Tatitlek. She is now receiving special Cate chatical Instructions in the church Slavonic language from Reverend Cyril BulaShevich in Sitka.
 Seminarian Simeon Oskolkoff served six years in the U. s. Air Force, during which time he grad uated from two meteorological schools. He was honorably dis charged with the rank of Sergeant in December of 1853
 Seminarian Oskolkoff attended
Kodiak mirror., 1961-11-24
Mrs. Rohwer
 Returns Home

Mrs. Dorothy Rohwer, Worthy Matron, Kodiak Chapter, Order of Eastern Star, has returned from a monthlong stay Outside. She was delegate serving as Grand Usher to the General Grand Chapter O.E.S. triennial assembly held dur ing the week of November 6 at Miami Beach, Fla.
 She visited relatives and friends in her hometown of Springfield, Ohio, and brother at Arcadia, Fla.
 Enroute home she was met in Seattle by her husband, John, who is Worthy Patron, EOS. They spent several days in Seattle before returning to Kodiak last week.
Kodiak mirror., 1961-11-24

St. Tikhon's Russian Orthodox Theological Seminary in Pennsyl- yania under the c. I. Bill program and graduated May 30, 1861. At the present time he is secretary to Bishop Amvrossy and assistant teacher of the Religious Instruction Class at Mt. Edgecumbe High School.
 Ordination to the Holy Orders of Seminarian Simeon Simeonovich Oskolkoff is planned for Easter of 1862 at Sitka.