davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-10
Swiss View of Soviet Proqress

and the bulk are Of Con
ventional" type of 1910 vim
tage, even though they are
newly built.
This is only one example
of the difficulties encounter
ed by Russia in its effort to
catch up with modern in
dustrial progress. The Reds
do have, indeed, a number of
the latest type steel mills and
other plants which are re-
quired principally for the
needs Of their armed forces.
But their number is relative
ly small and production ca
pacity variable.
There is no doubt that the
Russian military technology,
thanks to captured German
scientists and their Russian
pupils, has made enormous
strides. But the Swiss insist
that this progress is only in
comparison to what Russia
had in the past. They still
have a long way to go to get
ahead of us. It is possible
that they may match the
United States because they
work harder and spend more
on essentials than we do.
But the Swiss claim that
we and our allies should
have learned from costly eX-
perience that no power, re-
gardlesS Of how excellent a
war machine it possesses,
can win a major war unless
its economic production ma
chine is as we'll oiled and
competent as its war ma
chine.
AT the present moment"
said a Geneva businessman,
Russia is in a definitely in
ferior economic position
compared with the West.
Hence we are amazed at the
attitude of you Americans
and British who are contin-
ually on the defensive and
allow all political initiative
to pass into the hands of the
Soviets."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-10
GENEVA. Switzerland.

GENEVA, Switzerland. -
Ear to the ground and arms
ready" seems to have been
the formula by which this
Swiss island" has been able
to remain neutral.
But other ingredients are
nationalism, unity and in
dividualiSm. The Swiss have
never permitted themselves
to be governed by their gov
eminent but rather the other
way around. There are no
politicians or statesmen
whose names are household
words. They have no champs
and not even catchwords
and slogans.
The Swiss "ear to the
ground" symbolizes the
peoples intense interest in
world affairs They know
what is going on in Wash
ington, Paris, Bonn, London
and Moscow. This is not
only because they are eter-
nally aware that any Euro
pean war is a threat to them,
but in peacetime they must
be informed of the internal
policies of other nations.
Switzerland is the center
of international business and
banking transactions. both
for Western and Iron Cur
tain countries. For this rea-
son all the big business con-
Germs, and especially the big
banks, have their own state
Departments" Heads of COM
panies involved in worldwide
transactions do not have to
go to the Department of Ex-
ternal Affairs In Bern to find
out the shape of things to
come as so many American
tycoons consult Washington.
Each large group of business
concerns has its own intelli-
gence service.
Men with great knowledge
and understanding of world
affairs keep in close touch
with businessmen and, in to-
talitarian states, with high
officials. The USSR, Com
munist China and the satel-
lites have important financial
and economic interests here.
The facts gathered are re-
ported to the top Swiss bust
neSSmen who have at their
elbows experts who digest
and interpret the gathered
information. Without such
intelligence the Swiss banks
and industries could not
survive.
The thinking and deduc-
tionS of these Swiss business
men is so much in contrast
with fear of Soviet prog
gress" and the economy at
home that they are worth
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-10
Leaders Debunk Claimed Advances,
Question Vests Defensive Attitude
CONSTANTINE BROWN

serious consideration. They
cannot understand Washing
tons fear of Soviet might.
Never in history, they claim.
could the expression, 1.-The
colossus on clay feet" be
more aptly applied than to
Russia today. 1t is hard for
them to understand why we
are continually on the defen-
Sive and permit the Russians
to have the initiative in all
political matters.
They ask if the enormous
information machinery of our
Government is giving our
leaders all the facts of life.
Don't we know, they ask, that
the enormous strides" of
Soviet industry and agricul-
ture are principally on paper.
The most important line
of communication in the
USSR is the Trans-Siberian
railway connecting Moscow
and Vladivostok. Yet this rail
line is totally inadequate to
fill the needs. The line is
close to 1000 miles long and
is vitality important to the
SovietS, not only because it
carries the new agricultural
and mineral wealth of Siberia
across the Ural mountains,
but also the best Russian
troops which are garrisoned
in that area.
A few years ago it was an
nounced with fanfare that
the identification of the line
was almost completed. 1t
would have been a great feat
if it had been true, say the
Swiss. But in a little more
than five years all they have
been able to electrify is ex-
actly 1870 kilometers (about
100 miles) The speed of the
famous Trans-Siberian Ex-
press does not average more
than Is miles an hour. There
are only a few diesel engines
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-10
DORIS FLEEsoN
The High Court and Voting Rights

taking an unusual interest in
making sure not only that
every American can vote but
that his vote is made to count
in equal measure with that
Of his neighbors.
1t is unwise. not to men,
ton impossible, to predict
the courts reaction by virtue
of the questions from the
justices. Many a lawyer has
had a rough day in that au-
gust tribunal. only to hit the
jackpot in the eventual deci-
sion.
Reporters felt in the Ten
nessee hearing that Justice
Frankfurter is jealousy bent
on defending his vested in
terest in the earlier major
ity opinion, that Chief JUS
tice Warren and Justice
Black are sympathetic to the
virtually disenfranchised
TennesSeans and that JUS
tees Brennan and Stewart,
both relative newcomers,
were sincerely perplexed.
Defenders Of the status
quo insisted that the court
would open a Pandora's box
by it's interference. Lawyers
for the Tennessee complain
ants, including Charles
Rhyme, past president Of the
American Bar Association,
commended they sought only
future equity and that past
injustices could be passed
over.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-10
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

Kennedy will make a coast-to-coast speaking tour. The
these big problems road people
get good look at them-and why they can't be
solved.
space scientist is writing book the complexities
of space travel Title: Inside Outside"
In Moscow, they're calling the wall in Berlin the
full employment wall If it's anything like the Moscow
apartments it'll keep all the stone in Germany busy
repairing it.
Modern big city reform boss guy who never steals
anything but elections.
The Agriculture Department buys of surplus
appesauce Now where's that who denies that Wash
ington is always feeding a lot Of applesauce?
Interior Secretary Uda says Republicans made
miserable record in Congress Democrats Jared much better
Nobody yet has called their record worse than bad
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-10
Visit in Dallas Hospital Called Symbolic
OF Nations Respect for Natural Leader

rifice to the limit to preserve,
protect and to perpetuate the
great future of this great
country.
st have never doubted the
patriotism or the willing
ness of the American people
to sacrifice and do the right
thing. I think we will come
through in a fashion that
will make us all proud.
so I look forward to liv-
ing in this country at peace,
I hope, and in friendliness
for all good peoples of the
world. We want other peo-
pie to have their real life, and
we want ours.
I'VE do not want to in
terfere with the affairs Of
other governments. And we
want to stay at home and
attend to our own business,
and to build our own struc-
ture without interference
from anybody else"
Speaker Rayburn has been
present at many a conference
of party leaders that PreSi-
dent Kennedy has held at
the White House and, indeed,
at many held by President
Eisenhower. Presidents, ir-
respective of party, gave him
their condolences because
they knew he would respect
them. He was always objec-
tive in his comments. Though
inclined toward the conserv-
ativc side, he frequently re-
pressed his own political
feelings as he steered legis-
lation through Congress that
President Franklin D. Roose-
welt sought. He helped the
New Deal immeasurably. He
was also a close friend and
co-worker of President Tru-
man. He favored Lyndon
johnson for the Democratic
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-10
D. c. Builders Invited
To Thresh Out Codes

.lations, he can propose changes.
You, as individuals, or as an
organized group, have every
opportunity to propose modifi-
cations, which, to you. appear
to be just and reasonable" he
said.
THE Board of Commission
ers will, of course, exact from
you a full justification Of your
proposals, and you may well be
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-10
DAVID LAWRENCE

Once again a President of
the United States goes to the
sick bed Of a valued member
of his administration to say
farewell. Mr.. EiSenhower's
parting with his Secretary OF
State, John Foster Dulles.
three years ago was a sad
moment. Today tragedy re-
ours, and President Kennedy
has made a flying trip to the
hospital at Dallas where
Speaker Rayburn is slowly
moving to the end of his life.
Just two weeks ago, Sam
Rayburn gave what may be
his last interview. He gave it
to w. B. Ragsdale of the
staff of U. S. News & World
Report. whom he has known
for many decades. Mr.. Rags
dale waited for nearly a week
at nearby Dallas before Mr..
Rayburn felt strong enough
to talk at his home in Bon
ham. After the interview was
transcribed the next day, he
went over it carefully. The
concluding paragraphs may
we'll prove to be Sam Ray
burns parting words to pos
terity:
II have absolute faith in
the American people. I be-
lieve that more than 95 per
cent of the American people
have more good in them
than bad. And, when proper
ly appealed to, they will re-
Spond-now as they have in
the past.
THE American people have
never failed to respond to
the best interests of the
country when this country
was in danger and in a crisis.
I just know they will do it
again if they are called upon.
The great body of the
American people is sound.
patriotic and willing to sac
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-10

flight by aircraft that are not
participating in Operation Sky
Shield II of the North American
Air Defense Command during
those hours. 1t applies in con-
tinental United States and
Alaska.
The FAA said the order was
necessary Ito insure that civil
aircraft do not endanger them
selves or participating military
aircraft" during the air de-
tense exercise.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-10

challenged by others who do
not share your views. Yet this
democratic process is still the
best way to get the job done
despite the 'troika' organiza-
ton Of our Board Of Com
miSsioners."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-10
Sole at Church

The Women's Alliance of c.
dar Lane Unitarian Church,
1901 Cedar lane, Bethesda, will
hold a sale from 10 am. to 8
pm. Thursday through Satur-
day at the church.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-10
All Civil Flights
Banned Saturday
BY the Associated Press

The Federal Aviation Agency
has published a regulation
grounding civil aircraft for IL
hours next Saturday.
The regulation. effective from
IL noon EST until IL mid
night EST Saturday, prohibits
Evening star., 1961-01-22

In the Convention to-day q preamble and
resolutions, written by Hon. A. H. Stephens
and Judge Stephens, and presented by Judge
Nesbet [Eusenius A. Nisbet was offered
and adopted unanimously. as follows:
Whereas, A lack Of unanimity In the action
of this Convention on the passage Of the ordi-
nance of secession indicates q difference Of
opinion among the members Of the Convention
insomuch as to the rights which Georgia
claims or the wrongs she complains OF. as
to the remedy and its application before
resort to other means Of redress and
Whereas, It Is desirable to give expression
to that intention which really exists among
all the members Of the Convention, to sus-
tain the State in the course Of action which
she has pronounced to be proper for the
occasion. Therefore,
Resolved, That all the members Of this
convention, including those who voted against
the ordinance, as well as those who voted for
it, will sign the same as pledge OF the
unanimous determination Of this Convention
to sustain and defend the State in this her
course of remedy, with all its responsibilities
and consequences without regard to individual
approval or disapproval of its adoption.
The ordinance was then signed by all
except about q dozen delegates. and these 1t
is believed will sign tomorrow. Hon. A. H.
Stephens, Senator Stephens, Governor John
son and others signed the ordinance.
Demonstrations of rejoicing are going
on a grand scale here tonight.
Evening star., 1961-01-22
The News IN Brief

Jaavsvy I0-united Stotes troops 9orri-
son For Jefferson. Dry Tortv9os. OFT
southwest tip Of F'o'ido; Aobomo
stote troops seize Fort Comes OF
entronce TO Mobile Boy.
JGmvasy I9- Georgia eo"ve"fio" odop''
secession ordinance. with strong dis
.entins vote registered; Mississippi
leoislotUre suggests speeiol eo"ve"-
fion Of seeding Stofes; virsinio Ie9is-
Iotvre suggests specioI eonvenio" for
oil Stotes 10 discuss peoee tsession
scheduled Febrvory 4 in Woshinston).
Evening star., 1961-01-22

seventeen hundred and seventyeight, whereby
the Constitution of the United States Is as
sented to, ratified and adopted, and also all
acts and parts of acts of General Assembly
ratifying and adopting the amendments to
said Constitution, are hereby repealed, re-
scinded and abrogated.
We do further declare and ordain that the
Union now existing between the State OF
Georgia and other States, under the name of
the United States of America, is hereby dis
IH1NoroN, d, c., JANUARY %. 1851
Evening star., 1961-01-22

An Ordinance to Dissolve the Union betOee" the
State of Georgia and the other States united
Nth her under q compact of Government
entitled the Constitution of the United
States:
We the people of the State of Georgia in
Convention assembled. to declare and ordain'
and it is hereby declared and ordained that
the ordinance adopted by the people OF the
State of Georgia, in Convention, in the year
SUNDAY, THE STAR MAGAZINE
Evening star., 1961-01-22

solved, and that the State Of Georgia Is In the
full possession and exercise Of all those rights
of sovereignty which belong and appertain
to free and independent State.
CThs diswnion vots ,o0s sHosto"f'0h
but Georgians ,Dere little embarrassed
by the nearly oneshird "'i"oT'fy th0f
,Oonted the State to stov IN the UHso"'
The seeessiomists soon took steps to reefVy
any bad impression that insight haze bee"
node)
From The Evening Star. Tuesday. January a. 1881:
Georgia Convention.
MLLEDGEVILLE. Jan. Explanations
have been made and are making In Convention
this morning by leading corporations lanti'
secessionistsl indicating that the Ordinance
of Secession will be signed almost, IL not
cutie, unanimously.
Evening star., 1961-01-22
Background

H. strong, but by no means unanimous.
The lack of enthusiasm for rushing out
of the Union was especially noteworthy
in large sections of the border States
Virginia, Maryland, Kentucky. Tennessee
and Missouri. Even in Deep South Ala
bama. the secession ordinance had
passed by only % votes. Here, as else
where, most of the opposition came from
the uplands, where the plantation aris-
tocracy had less influence. Those op-
posed to immediate secession were called
"cooperationists." There was sizable
element of cooperationism in Georgia,
the State next due to vote on the issue in
convention at its capital, Milledgevllle.
From The Evening Star, Monday. January II. 1851
Secession in Georgia.
MLLEDGEVILLE, Jan. IS. The Sovereign
Convention of Georgia has been in secret
session all day, discussing the Ordinance OF
Secession.
Mr.. BENJAMIN Howell Hill introduced
substitute for the Ordinance, but it was lost He
subsequently voted for the Ordinance, al
though he spoke against secession during Its
discussion He did so, declaring that as Geor-
eia was determined on secession, he would
share her fate for veal or woe.
Judge Linton Stephens. a brother OF the
Hon. A. ALEXANDER H. Stephens, said he dis
approved of the Ordinance, saw no reason for
its adoption and would neither vote for 1t nor
sign it.
A motion to postpone the operation Of the
Ordinance until the Sd of March was lost by
about thirty majority in favor of immediate
secession.
Among those voting against the Ordinance
were the Hon. A. II. Stephens, and Hon Her
schel v. johnson, the candidate for the vice
presidency on the ticket with Mr.. tStephen
Al Douglas.
A resolution was adopted Immediately
after the passage of the Ordinance of Seees-
sion. in favor of continuing the present postal
and revenue systems until ordered otherwise.
Also. that all civil Federal officers shall con-
tinue to exercise their various functions. This
resolution is intended to prevent any conflict
with the General Government previous to the
formation of the anticipated Southern Con-
federacy, and is equivalent to postpone
ment of the operation of the Ordinance until
that time.
The Ordinance Of Secession was ordered
to be engrossed on parchment, to be signed on
Monday at noon, when it is presumed there
will be q great popular demonstration on the
part of those who favor the measure.
The city of Milledgeville this evening
presents a scene of rejoicing never equalled
before The measure appears to be very popu-
lar, and there is cannon firing. torchlight
professions skyrockets, bonfires, and music
in every direction. The leading men in the
secession movement are also addressing the
crowds in various sections of the city.
The following is the ordinance adopted to-
day by a vote of-ayes 208 nays 3d.
II
Evening star., 1961-10-06

We invite you to see
our striking dispIoys
at the main entrance .
National Guard Armory;
dolly, z to II p.m.,
October 7-l5
Evening star., 1961-12-28

rosters of the high-born under
the direction of Kelly's.
Cyril Hankinson, 65-year-old
editor of Debrett's, was aghast
Frankly, we're a cut above
Kelly's," he said. "They are
simply not in our class. Why
Kelly's contains names De-
brett's would never dream OF
mentioning"
He said James Boag, editor
of Kelly'S, is a nice fellow ano
a friend of his but Mr.. Boae
is only in his 40s and doesn't
have the experience" Added
Mr.. Hankinson:
ut requires quite a different
skill to edit Debrett's from the
one required to edit Kelly's.
have been 40 years learning"
A spokesman for the publish.
erS said there are no plans tt
merge the two volumes. Ht
declined to go into the matter
Of whose who's who will out.
rank whose when the admin.
istrative changeover has beer
completed.
Evening star., 1961-12-28

interview with DR.. A. G. Hall,
vice president of the Martin
Marietta Corp.
DR.. Hall, whose headquarters
is at Friendship Airport. was
here to receive an industrial
science achievement award for
his company from the Amer
lean Association for the Ad-
vancement of Science, now
midway in a five-day meeting.
Mercury Phase 2 will use the
Titan II missile now nearing
the flight-test stage. Titan II
is built by Martins Denver
plant and will be tested "very
shortly" at Cape Canaveral,
Fla, DR.. Hall said.
Within 1S Months
Asked how long it will take
to bring Titan II to a reliability
level adequate for manned
flights, DR.. Hall said that should
be possible within about 18
months. This would give Mer-
curry Phase 2 nearly a two-year
head start over Apollo-A, the
next step in Americas accele-
rated space program. The
Saturn-boosted Apollo-A will
have three man teams in orbit
for several weeks. Between now
and mid-1963 there will be at
least two dozen flights of
Titan II. The big booster is
being developed for missile use
under an Air Force contract.
Precise details of Titan IFS
planned performance are secret.
However, some information is
already known. The rocket will
stand about 80 feet tall, with a
l0-foot diameter along its en-
tire height. 1t will be a two
stage vehicle, both stages being
fueld by a mixture of nitrogen
textroxide and two forms of
hydrazine. The mixture burns
spontaneously when its compo-
nents are brought together.
More Powerful
Titan IFS first stage will de-
velop about 100000 pounds of
thrust, or about 20 per cent
more than the Atlas used in
Mercury Phase 1.-The orbital
Evening star., 1961-12-28
RomuIo Accepts
University Post

MANILA, Dec. % (AP).-
Carlos P. Romulo, outgoing
Philippine Ambassador to the
United States. today accepted
the presidency of the Univer-
Sity of the Philippines.
President-elect Diosda d @
Macapagal offered the post to
the diplomat, who said that he
also had received an offer from
an international agency. Mr.
Romulo said, II cannot refuse
the president : elect, especially
because of the fact that I cam
paigned against him."
The presidency of the gov
ernment operated university
will become vacant April sc
with the retirement of Vicente
Since.
Mr.. Macapagal has named
Emilio Abello, businessman and
former diplomat, to succeed
Mr.. Romulo, who plans to re-
turn to Washington soon to
pay his farewell respects to
President Kennedy and wind
up his personal affairs.
Evening star., 1961-12-28
Kennedy to Ask
U. Bond Money
By the Associated Press

oS tlle AsSOCldIcu HTeSS
President Kennedy will ask
Congress for $100 million to buy
United Nations bonds to help
pay for the U. MS Congo opera
tionS.
In announcing this today.
H arlan Cleveland, Assistant
Secretary of State for Interna-
tional Organization Affairs,
acknowledged that he expects
the request will stir debate.
Some leading legislators have
been critical of the U. N. Congo
action.
But it is in the national in
terest of the United States to
help bail the U. N. out of its
financial woes, Mr.. Cleveland
said, adding: 49,.
Congressional approval of
this proposal will frustrate the
Soviet attempt to starve the
United Nations into submission.
and will preserve the U. N. for
its vital executive role in inter-
national politics"
Evening star., 1961-12-28

picture of what would happen
if Katanga's secession became
permanent. He said:
"A very serious disaster could
easily grow out of civil strife
there is danger of civil wal
which may we'll degenerate into
a war of genocide between diff
ferent tribes in the Congo
Outside military intervention
would all too probably follow
such warfare"
Cynical Nonsense"
Mr.. Williams statements came
at a meeting of Sigma Delta
Chi, a Journalistic fraternity.
Mr.. Rowan said Mr.. Strue.
lens, operator of the "Katangs
Information Service" was part
of a "clever, big-money cam
paign to convince Americans
they ought to support Katan-
gas secession"
The State Department ha!
been trying to learn where Mr.
Struelens' money comes from
See KATANGA, Page At