davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-10-26
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Evening star., 1961-07-16
CO., P. to the Rescue

Young Caroline Kennedy
has stolen the headlines
again. This time she took
the spotlight away from
Uncle Bobby, Uncle Teddy,
and re gay Pierre. ALI of
these adults seem to have a
penchant for bizarre bathing
attire and a youthful exu-
berance in natatorial activi-
ties. On the other hand, our
juvenile frontiersman dis
played adult judgment in
the selection of her bathing
garb, even though childish
enthusiasm did get her into
deep water. However, there
is no need for the Nation to
get excited over the aquatic
antics of frontiersmen (male
or female). There will always
be Stalwart Republican life
guards around when our
youth corps goes overheard.
Angus Sinclair.
Evening star., 1961-07-16
Proqress on Freedmen's

After six years of Illustration, the
approval of a bill by the House Education
Committee to rebuild Freedmen's Hos
pital as teaching institution under the
direction of Howard University is most
gratifying While similar measure was
approved by Senate committee in 1858,
it consistently has begged down-until
now-in the House. We hope, therefore,
that the Rules Committee will clear the
bill, while the iron is hot, for early
House consideration.
>. The Education Committee action
could not have been more timely, for
renewed interest in Freedmen's has
come from several important sources.
Secretary Ribicoff, after a recent tour
Of the institution, was shocked by its
inadequate facilities. Senator Humphrey
of Minnesota reacted similarly after
observations of his own, and he has
sss.
Evening star., 1961-07-16
100 Years AGO

First Bull Rum" or First
Manassas" first great battle
of the Civil War, was fought
a century ago this week. The
battlefield was west Of slug
gish, winding Bull Run, with
its steep banks and many
fords. Gen. Irwin Mcdowell
commanded a Union army
of some 10000 men. A Con-
federate force of similar
strength was led by Gen.
Joseph E. Johnston anc Gen.
Pierre G. r. Beauregard.
However, the number actu-
ally engaged on each side
was around $4,000. Measured
in blood, it was close to a
draw. But it ended with the
Federals in retreat. disor-
ganized and disillusioned.
President Lincolr's admins
tration had wanted a victory
to boost Northern morale.
Indeed after six hours of
fighting on Sunday. July 81,
1861, a humping setback for
the Confederacy seemed GER
tain. Richmond brooded over
early reports of disaster, and
Washington celebrated pre-
maturely. The Confederates
knew the terrain better, had
better coordination and
morale and were better led.
Besides Johnston and Beau
regard, the Gray leaders in
cluded Ewell. Early, Long
street, Jackson, Wade Hamp-
ton, Kirby Smith and a
cavalry major named ]. E. B.
Stuart. Jackson's Virginians
held when other Confederate
units were falling back and
Kirby Smiths brigade led a
hot charge that started the
Federal rout. 1t was here
that mortally wounded Gen.
Bernard E. Bee observed:
Look, there is Jackson with
his Virginians standing like
a stone wall. :" 1t took
military historians years to
determine precisely what oc-
Cured that day, and The
Star spent a week roughly
Evening star., 1961-07-16
Hoffo's Year

This has been a good year for
James R. Hoffa. 1t has witnessed the
end of the membership of his Teamsters
Union. 1t has seen him duly elected as
union president with an annual salary
boosted from $4,000 to $4,000. His
powers have been enhanced to such an
extent that, for all practical purposes,
his word Is law in the TeamSters Union.
And now, as a sort of icing on the cake,
a Federal judge in Florida has dismissed
mail fraud indictment-th last GRIM
inal charge pending against him.
=. True enough, the indictment was
dismissed on technical point-a tech
nicality which arose, ironically enough,
from the enactment in 1857 of a civil
rights statute. That statute, intended to
prevent exclusion of Negroes from grand
jury service, banned the practice of
limiting such service to registered voters.
The grand jury which indicted Hoffa,
however, was composed only of regis
tered voters, and the judge, therefore,
dismissed the indictment after Hoffa's
lawyers had challenged it's validity.
Thus, for the third time, two other cases
having resulted in not guilty verdictS
after jury trials, Mr.. Hoffa has emerged
unscathed from brushes with the law.
Attorney General Kennedy, who has
been on the losing end of legal tiltS with
Hoffa, has indicated that he will appeal
the Florida judges decision or seek a
new indictment by a properly consti-
tuted grand jury. We suspect, however,
that those with gambling turn of mind
will not want to place their bets on the
Attorney General-at least not at even
money
o. For this, as noted above, seems to
be Mr.. Hoffa's year. But there will be
other years, and we wonder what they
hold in store for this brash young man
his power and his seemingly charmed
life Notwithstanding. Mr.. Hoffa, at the
moment, probably couldn't care less, but
there is maxim to the effect that
power tends to corrupt; absolute power
corrupts absolutely"
Evening star., 1961-07-16
so Years AGO
The idea for a Nations

The idea for a National
Archives building was pre-
sented to the Senate so years
ago by Senator John Sharp
Williams of Mississippi. The
Star of July IL, 1911 pointed
out that 100 buildings then
were being used and $50, 900
a year being spent in rental
to store the Nations ar
chives and. records. The
National Government has
never adopted a systematic
plan for the care and pres
ervation Of the public ar
chives. The records of the Ma
ton have always been allowed
to accumulate in the depart
ments in which they origi-
nate; no provision has been
made for the overflow which
has been flooding the depart
ments for more than half a
century and public archives
of great historical value have
been stuffed away in dusty
garrets and damp cellars. ...
The extent of the loss from
dust, moths and mildew can
not be estimated. 80.
Evening star., 1961-07-16
Shoots the Works

Danny Kaye offered some
interesting observations at
his press conference in the
office of Senator Javits. Con-
corning the controversy about
violent programs on TV, he
highlighted the principle of
opposite psychology. To wit,
says this wit, when some
thing is forbidden to chill
dren, they will get it for
themselves" The comedian
further elucidated that when
he was a kid and certain
books were forbidden, we
used to take them up in the
attic to read" How true!
Didn't we all?
So, rather than censure
violent TV programs, I sug-
gest that the emphasis of in
vestigation be redirected. Let
there be a ban, instead. on
all programs of scientific,
historic and cultural content.
And, above all, let's cut out
comic programs. Let's give
the little rascals a hard time.
Well l'arn 'em!
Jessie B. Solomon.
Evening star., 1961-07-16
How Many Neor-Misses?

The Federal Aviation Agency has
been handicapped in its Study of midair-
collision hazards by the inadequate
information available on the number
and nature of near misses in which
commercial and other private planes
are involved. Although the FAA has
asked airline pilots to report all such
near accidents, the reports have been
few and far between, apparently because
of the pilots fear of being disciplined
or getting fellow pilots into trouble.
The plan which the FAA has evolved to
produce a reliable reporting system is
timely and reassuring, therefore.
Instead Of asking the pilots to make
reports to the FAA, the agency has en-
ployed private research organization
to act as a sort of intermediary. This
organization, the Flight Safety Founda-
ton, will seek the cooperation of all
airline and private-plane pilots in COM
piling complete data on near-collisions
in confidence. That is, the reports
will be used solely for statistical and
evaluation purposes by the foundations
research experts. Names of pilots and
Identification of planes involved will
notego to the FAA.
Under this system there would be
no reason for failure Of pilots to report
incidents that were just short of being
accidents. And the findings of the
foundation should be of great value to
the FAA in taking steps that might help
to avert aviation disasters like that
which occurred near Staten Island last
December.
Evening star., 1961-07-16
Model CITY

At one point during the debate on
the District budget in the House this
week, Representative Mcmillan of South
Carolina wondered whether the District
Subcommittee on Appropriations, headed
by Representative Rabaut, had received
"any encouragement" from the people
of Washington for its efforts to reduce
expenses while providing for the needs
of the city.
Perhaps, indeed, such expressions of
encouragement and appreciation should
be heard more often than they are. For
while there is little to benefit them in
terms Of direct political gain, the men,
berS Of the District Committees and of
the subcommittee Of the House and
Senate on Appropriations contribute a
prodigious amount Of time and thought
in legislating for the District-time and
thought which often are reflected in
such commendable measures as the
$268-million appropriation bill Just ap-
proved by the House
No one who heard the debate on the
bill, or who has read it in the Congress
Sional Record, could fail to be impressed
by the broad understanding of the
problems Of Washington displayed by
such members as Mr.. Rabaut and Rep
resentativeS Rhodes of Arizona and
hatcher of Kentucky.
AS Mr.. hatcher emphasized, how
ever, Washington is like no other city
Quite apart from its perplexing problems
as a municipality, he said, it must
become "a model city in every respect"
because it is the Nations Capital. This,
of course, is the critical consideration
which distinguishes Washington, and
which incidentally imposes upon it costs
and obligations which exist in no other
American city. This is the sole justifi-
cation, furthermore, for the time and
attention which the District commands
from Congress.
For in abiding by the constitutional
mandate to legislate for the District of
Columbia, members of Congress are
serving more than merely the people
who happen to live here. In striving to
make this model city," they also are
serving the interests of the Nation as
a whole.
Evening star., 1961-07-16
FROM THE STAR FILES

see the fight, began to turn
E. homewards, putting whip
to their horses with such
activity that not a few were
wrecked. Senators Chan
dler, Wilson, Wade and other
members of CONGRESS
(headed back to Washing
ton with gloomy faces. :"
(WilSon rode back on a stray
army m'lle) The Star Ia
mented that among the cas-
ualties was Senator Lafay-
cite Foster, of Connecticut,
but the next day this paper
said: Shortly after The Star
went to press yesterday, we
were glad to be able to take
Senator Foster by the hand,
not only alive, but un-
scratched. Having er-
roneously killed him off 1--WE
take) great pleasure in thus
bringing him to life again.
Evening star., 1961-07-16
More Bucks for Bang?

Can we have our cake and
eat it, too?
From what we have seen
in the newspapers recently
about the Soviet supersonic
bombers and other military
planes. we must be impressed
with Soviet military might.
We must face up to the fact
that we are in a deadly COM
petition with Russia.
Can we have medical aid
for the aged, Federal aid to
education. greater benefits
for the farmers, unions max
ing continually increasing
demands, mounting initiation
can we have all o, these
and match Russia militarily
at the same time?
Can we have our cake and
eat it, too?
CORTLAND d. Ferguson. :
Evening star., 1961-07-16

piecing together battle frag-
ments. Amid the great con-
fusion during and after the
clash, these matters were
stressed in The Star of July
%, 1861: The Army of the
Potomac will be Immediately
reorganized. -. Gen. George
b. Mcclellan has been sum-
moned to take command.
Our army suffered a
heavy reverse. but by no,
means such an overthrow as
panic-stricken civilians and
the soldiers who fled in ad-
vance of the retreat imagine
and allege The army
will again occupy the posi-
tions from which it started
out last week, in and around
the entertainments and forts
constructed for this city's
security on the other side of
the Potomac. At 4 pm.
yesterday the victory was
clearly ours. The retreat
(was) caused by an acci-
dental and trifling panic in
one of the regiments, to
which it spread from con-
fusion among its own team
sters. We believe that
our loss in artillery has been
about 20 pieces leach side
had around so big guns at
the outset) The stream
of demoraliZed soldiers who
filled the roads and over
flowed the fields on the way
toward Fairfax Court House
began to look like a stam-
pede. especially as many
civilians, from Washington
and elsewhere, who had come
out in private carriages to
Evening star., 1961-07-16
Wants More of Same

I read with interest Mos
ellie Caldwell's recent (July
81 story featuring the activ-
tiles of the Central Regis
trar of Arlington County,
Mrs. Mary Thompson. In
my opinion, more such stor-
les dealing with govern
mental activities at the local
level would be in order and
highly informative, especially
to those who have recently
moved into Northern Vir-
ginia. Frank MarStOn.
Evening star., 1961-07-16
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDrtterS' correct
names and addresses. All let.
terS are subject to condenSd-
ton. Those not used tniu be
returned only iDhen accom-
panied By self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-07-16
Concept of Democracy

It seems that Prof. Alex
ander Tytler, circa 1760, had
a concept of democracy
which, in our time, seems to
be in process of confirma-
ton. AS he put it: "A de-
mocracy cannot exist as a
permanent form of govern
ment. 1t can only exist un-
til the voters discover they
can vote themselves largess
out of the public treasury.
From that moment on the
majority always votes for the
candidate promising the most
benefits from the public
treasury with the result that
democracy always collapses
over a loose fiscal policy"
]. r. c.
Evening star., 1961-07-16
Blow to Pensioners
The present Administrators

The present Administration
has proposed certain legisla-
tion which I believe will be
detrimental to several million
pensioners whose meager pen
sion income is supplemented
through invested savings Qike
myself who find it difficult
to maintain an adequate liv-
ing standard on our fixed
income in these times when
the cost of living continues
to rise.
The first proposal is the
repeal of the present divid-
end exclusion and dividend
credit for individual stock
holders.
Corporations pay So per
cent of their profits as in
come taxes and from the re-
naming 48 per cent must
come payments to stock
holders as dividends on which
they in turn are required to
pay a second income tax at
their personal rate. I think
this is the only instance
where the same profits are
subjected to a double income
tax.
The dividend exclusion and
the dividend credit were in
troduced by the Revenue Act
of 1854 as token recognition
that this double taxation"
is an undue burden.
Although I am opposed to
such double taxation" in the
first instance, in any event
to eliminate the present
meager tax relief in this area
only compounds the injuSt-
ice of the situation.
The second issue of prime
Importance is the proposed
legislation which could sub
ject interest and dividend
payments to withholding
of 20%o by the Federal Gov
ernment.
This would impose a great
hardship on many retirees
who depend on the return
from our invested savings to
help meet the rising cost of
daily needs. Even though I
personally might be entitled
to a refund on such with
holdings, this nevertheless will
result in my not being able
to use any of this dividend
money for a year and a half
or more. The aged and widows
and others who either live
on dividends or supplement
their pension checks thereby,
will have to support their
needs from other sources (lf
available) while they wait for
the refunds. Meantime, the
Government will have the use
Of their money-at no inter-
est. Moreover the cost of such
a mountain of paperwork,
both to the financial institu-
tions, corporations and others
who would do the withholding
(such cost thereby cutting
down on their profits which
are taxable) and the cost to
the Government could very
easily absorb most of any
added revenue to the Govern
ment that might in theory
exist.
I therefore want to reg
lister my wholehearted OPP
position to these proposals.
which impose penalties on
the thrifty who have en-
deavored to save FOR their old
age.
VIM. Nelson ShackIefOrd &.
Evening star., 1961-07-16

promised to lend his full support in the
Senate. 1t is no exaggeration to say
that this project represents the most
pressing hospital need in the city. Its
fulfillment would be a boon of great
value, both to Howard and to Freed
mems, in the training of physicians and
the care of patients.
Evening star., 1961-07-16
DispIoted Merchants

6OCAC4 CAAOC 40 41lluC 1ICIC W
the letter Of Congressman
Kearns (Star, July 12) en-
titled Capitol Hill Restora-
ton Project" While this
project has the Endorsement
and support of the Capitol
Hill Merchants Association,
we think tha. this positive
step by Congress to help
Capitol Hills small business
men may come too late to
remedy the disregard and
extreme hardship Congress
inflicted on these merchants
by last years condemnation
of their stores to make way
for a reported extension of
the Capitol grounds.
The mercha IS have been
given until March /, 1862 to
move. Other nearby Capitol
Hill locations are not phys
ically or financially available
to these small businessmen.
Hence, by moving, they must
give up their good will and
all of the investments they
have put into their stores to
start all over again in a new
area. For more than so per
cent of these merchants, they
will receive as leSsees abSo-
lutely nothing for the loss
of their present stores and
hvelihoods. Unquestionably,
the move now scheduled for
March /, 1862, will result in
several Of these small busi-
nesSmen going out Of
business.
The Capitol Hill mer-
chants, who had little or no
voice in the taking of their
stores and who have no rep
resentative to protect them
or look after their interests
in Congress, have found
several friends in Congress,
such as Congressman Bailey,
Nielsen and Multer, to intro
duce bills to assist them with
their moving and relocation
expenses. The law now pro-
vides for such assistance by
the Defense Department, In
terror Department and the
Redevelopment Land Agency,
which in the latter case may
become available, but too
late to help their immediate
problem, if the Kearns' bill
for Capitol Hill restoration
were enacted. In the bills
specially introduced for our
moving expenses, we are not
asking for a ''handout." We
are only asking for treatment
equal to what displaced mer-
chants have been given by
the Defense and Interior
Departments and the RIA.
1t would seem that our stores
which have faithfully served
Congressional offices and
their constituents for years
should be shown some con-
Sideration and help in get
ting relocated.
Congressman Kearns' res
toration project, if timely
enacted and implemented,
could do this. But based on
the experience in the S.W.
Urban Renewal Project, Cap
itol Hills displaced mer-
chants will be long gone
before the proposed Hill"
restoration project can get
underway. Our plight is i'm
mediate and desperate. The
Kearns remedy would be ex-
cellent. but unfortunately,
the patients would be dead.
David s. BaSSin.
President, Capitol Hill
Merchants Assoc.
Evening star., 1961-07-16

a searchlight on today's cap
tive nations. A ruthless die
tatorial conspiracy against
the whole world, with tongue
in cheek, hurls vehement
charges against the free
countries it has marked as
its ultimate victims. The
greatest colonizer Of the Goth
century, for instance, charges
the worlds most altruiStic
democracy, America, with
enslavement designs against
little Cuba, which it freed
from tyranny years ago. 1t
is the outburst of the guilty
David all over again.
The Kremlin conspirators
cry to high heaven about the
sins of the "imperialistS."
Every crime on the calendar
is listed as being perpetrated
by the free world. These far
fetched, lurid allegations are
but reflections of the ne
farious plots of the Soviet
robber regime.
In Captive Nations Week,
free America joins in a
mighty countercharge so
that all the world may hear,
Thou art the culprit!" That
cry is augmented by the sup
pressed voices of uncourlted
millions who against their
will have been dragged be-
hind the iron curtain-their
people enSlaved, their re-
sources confiscated to
strengthen their enemy, like
the little eve lamb, tn cir
cherished national traditions
trampled in the dust. They
cry from their shackled serf-
dom to the pious mouthings
OF their arrogant captors,
Thou art the mani"
In reply to the lying per-
fidy of aggressive commu-
nism which insults intelli-
gence by offering its spe-
ciouS brand of coexistence,
free America joins with
Hungary and Romania, Lat
via, Lithuania, Poland, and
all the other peoples now in
chains, crying, Thou art the
mani"
Back of that repeated re-
minder which so angers the
masters of the Kremlin is
the Congress Of the United
States which has decreed
that each year, until such
time as freedom and inde-
pendence shall have been
achieved for all the captive
nations of the world, Cap
tive Nations Week will be
observed in America. A hun
dred and eighty million free
men, this week and every
week, put ditto marks under
the words of Gen. Dwight
Eisenhower: There can be
no true peace which involves
acceptation of the status
quo in which we find in
justice to many nations, and
repression of human beings
on a gigantic scale"
And so, with its ringing
assertion, Thou art the
man." Captive Nations Week
serves notice on the Krem-
lin where there are two dead
dictators and another still
living in a fools folly irnag-
lining a vain thing, that no
rocket-rattling will ever
make America forget her
VOWS to keep alive the knowl-
edge of atrocities now being
perpetrated, until the sub
merged peoples are rescued
from the invader and their
soil 10 longer defiled by this
abomination.
Evening star., 1961-01-19
But Nice Checks

NEW YORK. Ivy Baker
Priest, Treasurer OF the United
states, was in New York last
Friday, tending to some busi-
ness matters before retiring to
private life. TITS been q nice
rob, these past eight years" she
said. Her signature appeared
on over 400 million checks each
year. But nice checks" she
said. Tax refunds. Social Sc
curity, Veterans benefits. Nice. /"
Mrs. Priest Is an articulate.
witty woman. On the day after
election. when she knew her
treasurer's Job would end, she
wrote to all the organizations
to which sre'd been scheduled
to lecture and asked If they
wanted to cancel, None can
celed Last week she phoned
her successor, Elizabeth Rulel
Smith. and invited her to come
and sign her name-so that
the Treasury will have some
bills ready with her signature
on Inauguration Day.
There are machines now to
write the facsimile signatures
Before the machine age, said
Mrs. Priest. one Of her predeces-
sors used to carry new bills in
his pocket. And whenever he
wanted to pay q debt, he'd pull
out a bill and sign his name to
it, making 1t legal tender.
No one on Vice President