davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-01-01
Nation Reody to ReIiye
Drama Of Civil War

fire reverberated on the eve
lof the war between the State,
the Nation win launch : Ave-
year cornmemoration Of the
fateful struggle.
Under the overall guidance
Of the National Civil War Cen.
tennial Commission. with head
quarters here. scores Of com.
munities from cosst to coast
are rehearsing colorful pag-
eants to mark the event.
As stressed by the commits
sion. the accent In this day oi
East-West tensions win fall on
national unity. the one great
after-eifect Of the strife Q CEN
|tury ago.
Re-enact Battles
Plans include dramatic re-
enactments Of some Of the
wars major events, ranging
from the bomhardment Of Fort
Sumter by Confederate shore
batteries on ApTtl u, 1861. "a
Lees surrender 70 Grant al
Apporuattox on April 8, 1865.
The novelty industry Il al
ready crowGing the market
with an endless yessssSty Of sou.
venirs: flags. uniforms. replica
swords. mimic balls (named
after French artillery Capt,
Msnie). toys. games. ash trays
and countless other gimcracks.
And the flood Of Civil War
books novels. histories. diaries,
etc.-which is estimated to have
produced one title . day for
every day since the shooting
ended. may double or triple
that rate during the centennial,
Travel to historic battlefields
win be enormously accelerated,
Gettysburg. for example. has
long been Q tourist magnet at
tracing o million visitors o
Evening star., 1961-01-01
BY SCOTT HART
|listori.n: Esticnal ciyil War

Centennial Commission
fWfftEef fof the Associated press)
One morning IN 1864 during
the siege Of Petersburg. q
hungry. dispirited Confederate
soldier was trapped between the
lines. Exultantly. welI-fed blue
coats sprang toward him YELL
ing. We've got you. reb. we've
got youl''
AYeah.. agreed the doWncast
rebel. ''you-all sot iner-and o
he'll Of 3 CIT you got y
The Confederate soldiers
bleak estimate Of himself may
well have reflected the misgiv-
ings on both sides, North and
South. as the war ground re-
lentlessly on after four tragic
years Of bloOdshed. pinch belly
rations and near exhaustion.
a conflict Of appalling rhag-
nitude. the Civil War exploded
no fewer than $500 battles and
lesser skifmishes upon every
southern State. and flung up
koars al the way from Penn-
sylvania to Texas and Oregon.
I, ssz.sli, Yanks mead
/. Finally. when the stillness
descended at Appomatox. the
North counted 364,5ll dead
from It's total field forces Of
2.2l3,363. while the South
mourned 25e.0 fallen out Of
Gray4clad armies totaling
about one million.
The North South toll Of 622.-
5l1 exceeded the combined
total Of American dead in
World War ] (1l6.5l6), World
war II (4O5,309) and the Ko-
rean War (54.2z6).
Starting next Sunday. jan.
uary S-cne day short Of 100.
years after the first cannon.
Evening star., 1961-01-01

War II and the Korean War.
Is billed as offerine the heaviest
sham battle IRE ever heard In
the United States.
Here, essentially, Is how the
centennial win unfold:
Next Sunday, President ri.
senhower win broadcast q spe.
|cial centennial proclamation
from the White House. West
Point and the other service
academies viii hold commence
|rative reviews.
On January Q. eliminating
10 three-day ceremony, South
Carolina win re-enact the first
cannonade: The firing Of II
shots at the union steamer
"Star Of the West" which pre-
vented the ship from provision
ing Fort Sumter at Charleston.
Is. C. !
An April IL, cannon fire again
win make Charleston's mag
nolias tremble In D re-enact-
|ment Of Gen. Beauregard's
bombardment Of Fort Sumter,
an attack which plunged the
Nation inexorably into war.
Additional Events
Here Is . rundown on other
events in the centennial this
year.
January 9secession conven-
tion. jackson, Miss. -
January l1-Secession con-
vention, Montgomery, Ala.
January 26 Signing Of se.
cession ordinance lre-enact.
ment). Baton Rouge, La.
February i2-1S-Inaugura-
ton Of jefferson Davis. Mont
gomery. Ala.
March 3-Abraham Lincoln
sworn In as President (re-
enactment before o Joint ses-
sion OF Congress-, Washington.
March A. Inauguration Of
Lincoln.
March 16- Secession Con.
vention, Mesilia, N. Mex.
April l6-22-Organization Of
first regiment infantry. Penn.
sylvania National Guard. Phil
adelphia.
April 23Gen. Lee assumes
command Of Virginia armed
forces Ceremony, Richmond.
April 30Boy Scout pilgrim
age to Lincoln's tomb. Spring
field. III.
May 1e-Battle Of Lexington
(re.enactu,entl Lexington, Mo.
june 3-Battle Of rPhiiippi,
Philippi, w. Va.
July 22-23-Battle Of Bun
Run. Manassas, Va.
July 27--Fall Of Fort Fill.
more. Fort Fillmore, NJ. Mex.
August burning Of Hamp-
ton. Hampton, Va.
August 10--Battle of Wilson
Creek. Springfield. Mo.
October 3i--Death Of Gen.
Baker. Baker. Oreg..
Evening star., 1961-01-01
U Nu to Retire

RAN0ooN, Dec. 81 (Apl -
Burma's Prime Minister q Nu,
Q Buddhist priest. plans to re-
tire from politics and re-enter
o monastery within the next
few years, says Vice President
Bohmuaung Of q Nus Union
Party.
Evening star., 1961-01-01

day. Cloudy with rain today
becoming mixed with snow In
the north before ending tonight.
Three-niile visibility lowering
10 less than one mile In the
precipitation.
Read Conaitlsns---AAA
/. .West-District Of Columbia 10 PENN
sylvania turnpike. mostly clear with Q
few slippery spots north Of Hancock:
PennsyivAnfa turnpike. mostly clear
and dry; Ohio turnpike. clear; " ..
wsss .sps,v e onc 5t. mostly q sssc ortsn. MR.
D Ds1s 81 Tess sOfs' e oRio.n NJ mostly cisar.
slippery spots in the mountains.
eouth--U. 3. 10 Richmond. clear;
Shirley hiehway lyirEinia Route 800 !,
81 b columbia ido u ccnsTiottssSilie. eiesr.
bia 10 DeiaWsfs Memorial. BSidss.
senerally clear;. New jersey turnpike,
s!ssT MsT 4 sn:lsads H.1rsss clear Dsrss E
slssr & Ss.,. WITH lev slippery spots north
River Rspert
Potomae River clear ct .Harper's
Ferry and clear at Great Falls. shen-
andosh cloudy ct Harper's Ferry.
Tempesatures fer Yesterday
Midnight ---- 80 Noon ------- 81
4a.m. ----- 27 pm. ------ ~
Sam. ----- ~ SPIN ------ 81
Record Temperatures fer Last Year
Hiehest. o5. on April %.
Lowest. 10. on December %.
Tide Tables
FURNISHED By the United States Coast
and 0eodetic euryey)
srnAmw Trnrna~xas
High ---- 7:40 am. e:le q. m.
Low ------ 2:06 Am. 2:61 am
High ------ 1858 pm. e:33 pm
Low ------ 2:20 pm. sos Pm
For hieh and low tides at the follow.
Evening star., 1961-01-01

x
year. The National Park serv-
ice predicts the number win
treble during the centennial.
Similarly the tide OF history
minded Americans win crash
In great waves upon Antietam.
Fredericksburg. vicksburg and
Petersburg. Richmond, Pea
Ridge and Q host Of other
storied fields.
One Of the top events in the
months ahead viii be the re-
enactment Of the Battle Of Bull
Run (First Manassas), sched-
|uled for July 1898. There, on
the blazing hot Sunday OF
July al. 1861. the half-trained
Confederate army Of Gen.
Pierre 0ustaye Toutant Beaure-
gard turned back the drive for
Richmond by Gen. irwin A.
McDowell's green Union forces
In the first major clash Of the
war.
Across the Virginia country
side. % States srappled at Bull
Run IN 1851, and AL will share
in the re-enactinent, with units
from each State. Some 1900
members Of the North South
Skirmish Association-an or
ganization Of Civil War buffs
with equipment authenticated
down 10 the last bullet and but
ton-wili form the core Of
battle.
Advance reservations for
seats at the two-day spectacle
are now being received.
Fame for Jackson
It was at Bull Run that an
eccentric professor Of inathe-
MATES named Thomas Jona-
than jackson. on leave from
his faculty post ct the Virginia
Military Institute. won undying
fame Id the heat Of battle when
a fellow ofiicer rallied wavering
Confederate troops by crying,
There stands jackson Like q
stone wali!s
The re-enactment, directed
BY Maj. Gen James q. Fry
tReto. . veteran Of both World
Evening star., 1961-01-01

!, For hish and lcw tides q e the isl. tcll:w: z;
from the above:
Annapolis. az hours; Blocdy Point
Light, Az hours; Colonial Beach,
hours; Deale, AZ hours: eolomons
island. ga hours; Point Lookout, IA
Evening star., 1961-08-04
Senate Unit,
14-O, Backs
PeuceCorps

The Senate Foreign Rela-
tons Committee today report
ed favorably the bin making
President Kennedy's Peace
Corps a permanent organiza-
tion.
The vote to give the agency
permanent status was 14-O,
with. three Republicans not
voting. They were Senators
Hickenlooper of Iowa, Cape-
hart Of Indiana and Williams
of Delaware.
The committee was divided,
however, on how much the
corps should spend in its first
year. The amount approved
was $40 million after a motion
by Senator Hickenlooper to
cut it to $25 million was de-
feated, 11-6.
Two DemocratS-Chairman
Fulbright an dSenator Lausche
of Ohio-joined four Repuhli-
cans in voting for the smaller
amount. The Republicans were
Senators Hickenlooper, Cape
hart, Williams and Carlson
of Kansas.
The bill contemplates enroll
ing 2,700 volunteers for the
Peace Corps by next June 80.
Evening star., 1961-08-04
Hijuck Tension,
Barbados Accent
Delay EAL Flight

ST. PETERSBURG, Fla,
Aug. 4 (AP)-Eastern Air
Lines called out the police and
the FBI today after two West
Indies seaman gave a ticket
clerk the impression they were
going to hijack one of the
company's planes.
Six State policemen and two
carloads of FBI agents rushed
here to grab the men when the
plane made a scheduled stop on
a flight from Fort Worth,
Tex, to Miami via Dallas, New
Orleans and st. Petersburg.
After the men were put
through interrogation and bag
gage search twice-because the
FBI got to the airport after the
police were done-the Electra
prophet was allowed to con-
tinue its flight, one and one
half hours late.
The two sailors, Harold Jack
man and Francis Pilgrim, both
81, are from Barbados. They
speak English that was not
easily understood by an Eastern
clerk in New Orleans.
It turned out the men were
discussing the attempt to hi
jack a Continental Airlines
jet plane in Ell Paso, Texas,
yesterday.
Evening star., 1961-08-04
Cuba CompIoinstoU.N.
Over Furor at Hijocking

HAVANA, Aug. 4 (AP).-
Fidel Castro's government pro-
tested to the United Nations
Security Council today because
United States congressman as
Sumed the Castro regime was
behind the hijacking of a Boe-
ing jet airliner yesterday.
A Cuban note to the Council
accused the United States Gov
|ernment of using the plane in
cident as a pretext for prepar-
ing military aggression against
Cuba.
The Castro government
charged that United States con-
gresSmen had launched a vir-
tual ultimatum and threat OF
war against Cuba and said this
attitude was part of a delib-
crate campaign to set the stage
for armed action against Cuba
The note called on the Sc
curity Council to take the
necessary measures to avoid the
repetition of these (congres-
ISional accusations). taking into
Evening star., 1961-08-04
Almond Names
3 Budget Advisers

RICHMOND, Aug. 4 (AP).-
Gov. Almond named three new
members to his Budget Ad-
visory Committee yesterday to
replace political opponents he
dropped from the group last
month.
Named to the committee are
Delegates c. Harrison Mann of
Arlington, Julian H. Ruther-
foord, jr., Of Roanoke, and
Baldwin G. Locher of Glasgow.
Gov. Almond announced last
month he was dropping House
Speaker E. Blackburn Moore,
State Senator Garland Gray of
Waverly and Delegate w. Roy
Smith Of Petersburg from the
group, which helps in prepar-
ing the budget for submission
to the General Assembly.
Evening star., 1961-08-04
Country Music
Contest Slated
At Wurrenton

The Warrenton Jaycees and
the Fauquier County Chamber
OF Commerce will sponsor the
1lth annual National Cham
pionship Country Music Con-
test this week end at Lake
Whippoorwill.
A total of $500 in prizes
will be awarded to winners in
the five categories: banjo, fid-
die, vocal, band and miscel-
laneous. The contest is open to
all country musicians who regis
ter at the grounds.
Guest performers on tomor-
rows show, which begins at 7
pm. (EDTO, will be the New
Dominion Barn Dance troupe.
Appearing on Sundays pro-
gram, which starts at 2 pm,
will be Don Reno and Red
Smiley with the Tennessee
Cutups.
The entrance to the Lake
Whippoorwill amphitheater is
just east of Warrenton on
Route 15-29-211.
Evening star., 1961-08-04
Settlement Ends
Maryland Row

ANNAPOLIS, Aug. 4 (AP).-
George H. Hubley, jr., director
of the Department of Economic
Development, yesterday dropped
dismissal charges he had filed
against a suspended admins
trative assistant, Walter K,
Dunn, jr.
Mr.. Dunn, in turn, resigned
from the agency and said he
plans to leave the State service.
The "out-of-court" settle
ment ended a dispute which
began June l after Mr.. Dunn
submitted a memorandum to
Gov. Tawes charging irregulari-
ties in the departments deal
ings with a Baltimore adver-
tising firm.
Mr.. Hubley later suspended
Mr.. Dunn and said he failed
to substantiate the charges at
a hearing before the Governor.
Mr.. Dunn said he planned to
enter the employ of a Baltimore
insurance firm.
Evening star., 1961-08-04

consideration that they are i'll
inspired and endanger the
world peace"
Repeating an offer made by
Prime Minister Castro in a
speech last week, the Cuban
government declared "its will
ingness to return any American
commercial airplane irregularly
taken off its route if the United
States authorities agree to
treat accordingly any Cuban
airplane under similar circum-
stances"
About 10 Cuban planes -
some hJacked and some on
planned flights - have been
seized in the United States by
court order and auctioned to
pay off private citizens finan-
cial claims against the Castro
regime.
Last month a Cuban gunman
hijacked an Eastern Air Lines
Electra in flight over Florida
and forced the pilot to land in
Havana.
Evening star., 1961-08-04
KENNEDY LAUDS
2 FOR CAPTURE
OF HJACKERS

President Kennedy Of
ficially commended FBI
Agent Francis Crosby and
immigration Officer Leon
ard w. Gilman today for
their courageous" capture
of the hijackers.
In a telegram to FBI
Director j. Edgar Hoover,
the President commended
the FBI for its key role"
in the capture and said:
Your special agent in
charge, Francis Crosby, is
especially to be commended
for the level-headed and
courageous manner" in
which he led the rescue of
the hijacked planes pas
Sengers and crew
In another telegram to
Gen. j. M. Swing, commits
sioner of the immigration
and Naturalization Serv-
ice, Mr.. Kennedy COM
mended Mr.. Gilman, as
SiStant regional commits
Sioner for enforcement in
the ms, "for his coura-
geous and level-headed
manner in which he helped
effect the capture of the
two hijackers."
Evening star., 1961-08-04
Problem Pupil PorIey

A workshop on the adjust
ment of difficult children in
the intermediate schools will
be held Monday and Tuesday
in the administration building
Of the Fairfax County School
Board for intermediate school
principals and assistant prin-
cipals, guidance directors, Wis
iting teachers and psychology
lists. DR.. Artley o. Hutton, di-
rector of intermediate educa-
ton, will preside.
Evening star., 1961-08-04
GILMAN
Continued From First Page

Continued From First Page
PaSo last night. "He seemed
to be getting hysterical."
That's when I made my
move. I caught him from be-
hind the ear and threw a full
nelson on him to keep him from
getting to the two guns in his
hip pocket"
Then Mr.. Crosby, agent in
charge Of the Ell Paso FBI Of
flee, who had boarded the
plane after it landed, jumped
the younger hijacker and it
was all over.
Mr.. Gilman is associate dep
uty regional commissioner in
charge of operations of the
United States Border Patrol,
working out Of San Diego, Calf.
"UACH 1AyS1CIACdl
He told this story to inter-
viewers:
when the two gunner took
over the plane they found out
I was an officer and they
searched me Immediately for
a gun. After that they kept a
close watch on me.
"One of the two women be-
came hysterical and began
crying. I told her we would
see that she got off all right,
That's when I talked the hi
jackerS into letting the pas
sengers off.
"I volunteered to be a hos
tage if they let the rest of the
passengers go. When they
started to take off from the
field, they made the hostages
move into the middle compart-
ment of the plane. Then they
made us fasten our safety belts.
Shots Frighten Hijacker
"Then those on the outside
of the aircraft began shooting
at the tires"
Mr.. Gilman said the elder
hijacker became frightened
over the shooting and pointed
his gun at the head of one OF
the people in the plane.
"dis reaction to the shooting
outside was one of the more
dangerous moments on the
plane" Mr.. Gilman said.
THE boy didn't talk at al,
but the father was very talka-
tive. I talked the father intc
taking the gun from his boy
II was happy to be there and
I might say that all the group
acted very well under the cir
cumStances."
Mr.. Gilman was a boxer and
football star while at Pacific
University of Oregon. He has
been with the Border Patro,
for 2l years.
Evening star., 1961-08-04

riers have indicated they would
arm flight crews only as a last
resort.
Mr.. Halaby also mentioned
the possibility Of statiorlng
armed, uniformed guards
aboard each aircraft-much in
the manner of the Western
stage coach Shotgun rider.
But the administrator didn't
make it sound very imminent.
Capt. Richards, on his return
to Los Angeles after the FL
Paso incident, proposed the
single, armed guard aboard
planes.
Quick Kennedy Decision
"This worked during the
stage coach days when a guard
by the drivers side carried a
shotgun, he said.
The Halaby news conference
told of the close cooperation
Of all Federal agencies in
volved; of the "quick and clear
cut" decisions from President
Kennedy during the tense
hours the jetliner and hostages
were being held at gunpoint.
The President, kept in almost
constant touch with the Ell PaSo
developments through, Mr.,
Halaby'S open line to the Texas
airport, agreed with me that
the plane should not be per-
mitted to take off and that we
should not make any deal with
thieves and kidnaperS."
One company, American Air
lines, stated it was flatly
against arming any members
Of our crews" the Associated
Press reported.
Not quite SO definite were
Trans World Airways, Eastern
Air Lines and Pan American
Airways. All said they were
studying the FAA authoriza-
tion.
Almost all told of stepped
up security measures. American
Airlines said all pilots COM
partmentS are being locked in
flight. In addition, passengers
are being scrutinized closely
both on the ground and in the
air. ri
Evening star., 1961-08-04
Viewed as Last Resort

The Pilots Association also
brought out the danger Of fir
ing weapons in a pressurized
airplane, particularly at high
altitude.
Virtually all the major car
Evening star., 1961-08-04
Fire Destroys Store

BOYDTON, Va, Aug. 4 (AP) i.
"A leaping fire, punctuated by
explosions of oil drums and
boxed dynamite caps, destroyed
the C. F. Holmes hardware
store here yesterday. The 61-
year = old Boydton landmark
was leveled. The fire scorched
three adjacent buildings.
Evening star., 1961-08-04
HdIabyUrges
Laws toCurb
PIanePiracy

N. E. Halaby, administrator
Of the Federal Aviation Agency,
carried his plea for new laws
to combat airline piracy to
Capitol Hill today.
His testimony before the
Senate Aviation Subcommittee
buttressed at least two bills
now being drafted toward that
end.
Deploring inadequacy of
present laws to fight violence
in the air, Mr.. Halaby told of
one recent incident involving a
drunken assault with a knife
on board an aircraft flying
over Nevada.
During the flight the pas
senger was once tied to his
seat, released, and later tied up
again. In the interval Of free
dom he pulled out a knife with
a 7-inch blade, threatening to
kill the captain.
Machinery" Mining
"The interested Federal and
State officials Immediately un-
dertook, as the saying goes, to
set the machinery of the law
in motion. It is perhaps an
over-simplification to say that
they discovered the machinery
to be missing"
The best that could be done
under existing law, Mr.. Halaby
said, was to charge the pas
senger with being intoxicated
in a public place. "He pleaded
guilty and was sentenced. to
80 days in Jail. This was pos
sible only because he was still
intoxicated when the airplane
landed in California"
There is a Federal law which
would have applied if the same
incident had occurred while the
aircraft was over the high seas.
In that case, Mr.. Halaby said,
the passenger would have
been subject to imprisonment
for UP to 20 years and a fine of
UP to 100000"
Stresses Emergency Ruling
The administrator re-em-
phaSized an emergency ruling
handed down by the FAA yes
terday authorizing airliner
flight crews to carry sidearms
"only if the crew is demonstra-
bly, proficient in the use of
firearms" -.
| The hearing had been set
by Senator Monroney, Demo-
crat of Oklahoma, subcom-
mittee chairman, before yes
terday's narrowing events at
Ell Paso, Tex.
AS first reports of the hijack-
ing made the rounds on Capitol
Hill Congress members ex-
pressed anger at Cuban Prime
Minister Fidel Castro. Most
then assumed his regime was
behind the hijacking because
some of the early reports said
the hijackers were Cubans.
Most Senators came to the
realization that Cuba and Mr..
Castro might not have been
involved when Senator Mon
roney announced capture of
the hijacking team.
DirkSen SkepticaI
However, Senate Republican
Leader DirkSen told the Senate
today the story that the Con-
tinental hijacking had no con-
nection with Mr.. Castro, but
was a case of two men wanting
to get to Cuba was hard to
swallow" The Republican
leader also criticized the FAA
order permitting pilots to carry
guns.
Il don't think a As strapped
to the pilots side is going to
add much comfort to the
passengers" said Senator
Dirksen.
Democratic Leader Mansfield
agreed the incident was fam
Evening star., 1961-08-04

tastic, but said the administra-
ton was ION top Of this matter"
and doing everything it could.
He said it was a suggestion that
pilots be armed, was a sugges-
ton, not q mandate.
Senator Monroney said Fed
eral Aviation Agency officials
felt the hijacking was a per-
sonal incident, unrelated to
Mr.. Castro.
Mr.. Halaby had disclosed
earlier that a "full-scale" in
Spection of any airline paSsen-
ger suspected of carrying a
weapon is being considered by
the FAA.
Recognizing the difficulties
such authorization could create
and admitting the potential
legal complications, Mr.. Halaby
minimized the possibility of
such drastic regulations.
But he told a press confer
ence yesterday that the Civil
Aeronautics Board has assured
him that an airline could be
"immunized" from legal action
Stemming from a carriers
search for weapons on a sus-
pect and from its refusal to
permit a suspect to board a
plane.
Armed Crews Authorized
The news conference was
held less than an hour after
announcement of the capture
of the two hijackers aboard the
Continental Air Lines Boeing
TOT jetliner in Ell Paso. It fol-
lowed release of a telegram sent
to all United States airlineS on
new emergency regulations, in
cluding authority to arm flight
crews.
The telegram also announced
the Governments offer Of a
$4,000 reward for information
leading to the arrest of persons
attempting hijacking.
The Air Line Pilots Associa-
ton, which has been seeking
legislation to fight violence
aboard aircraft since 1856, isn't
sympathetic with the ar1ning
of flight crews.
Even Capt. Byron D. Rick
ards, pilot of the Continental
jet in yesterdays hijacking,
said later "arming of the crew
would present a more serious
problem. If we had been armed
we probably would have tried
to use our firearms and some
body would have gotten hurt"
Viewed as Last Resort
The Pilots Association also
brought out the danger Of fir
ing weapons in a pressurized
airplane, particularly at high
altitude.
Virtually all the major car
Evening star., 1961-08-04
Essex Halls Canada

HALIFAX, N. S., Aug. 4 (AP) l..
The United States Aircraft
carrier Essex. five destroyers
and a submarine are scheduled
to take part in Navy Day cele-
brationS with Canadian navy
ships today.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-07-07
Display Faith in FLOWERS

A young art critic in Genzano, Italy looks o n as q team OF artists put
finishing touches TO this Madonna With Child" in flower petals. Each
year the citizens of Genzano cover their quartermielons main street with
. floral carpet The climax of The festival is a religious procession that moves
along the flower carpet TO the church.