davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-18

least two ways in which inSti-
tutions of higher learning may
make their own contributions
toward preserving freedom.
THE first is to be ever on
the alert against any tendency
by government to infringe upon
their academic freedom or to
dominate their conduct at a
time during which their own fl
nancial dependence upon gov
eminent will inevitably in
crease" he said.
The second is to place in
tense emphasis, in the selection
of curricula, upon a field OF
learning that urgently needs
recultivation. That field en-
braces the basic responsibilities
of citizenship in a free society,
responsibilities the individual
must assume if he is to live in a
free society.
That field includes con-
tinued stress, in the education
of young men and women, upon
the fact that the roots Of our
materialistic accomplishments
as a Nation lie in the spiritual
aspirations of man-not in
what government may &C
complish in easing his burdens.
Quoting findings of a recent
Harvard University study, Mr..
McKelway said there was little
if any evidence of government
intrusions on academic free
dom through research grants.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-18

a convocation at Virginia Poly
technic Institute.
The convocation celebrated
the Tooth anniversary of the
Federal Land Grant College
Act and the Goth anniversary
Of VPI, one of the Nations SO
land grant colleges. -
Mr.. McKelway, a member of
VPrs 1917 class. said in a pre-
pared speech that all institu-
tons of higher learning face
the problem Of preserving free
dom including. in particular,
academic freedom, in the face
of growing dependence upon
the Federal Government.
Most Effective Means
Education is the most eff
fective m cans Of preserving
that freedom-which so often
perishes through ignorance"
Another speaker, Democratic
gubernatorial nominee Albertis
S. Harrison. jr.. told the meet
ing Of educators, lawmakers,
alumni and students that he
firmly believes that Virginia
will lead the great resurgence
of the South, whose blossom
ings we can already see in so
many ways"
But" the former State at
torney general said in a
prepared speech. Il believe
Virginia. will lead as she has
always led, with measured foot
steps and always over solid
ground. And I believe in our
land grant college as believe
in Virginia"
Must Stay Alert
Mr.. McKelway said congress
sional debates on Federal aid to
education this year produced
much evidence Of continued re-
luctance to enter this broad
field, although there is little
doubt that it will eventually
come"
The editor said there we're at
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-18
Tin Mines Increase

KUALA LUMPUR, Malaga.
Oct. 10 (AP).-The govern
ment says 663 tin mines are
operating in Malaya, an in
crease of 70 over last year. The
stepup was credited TO better
tin prices on the world market
and the lifting of mining re-
strictionS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-18
McKeIwoy Cites Threat
To Academic Freedom

BLACKsBURG, Va. Oct. 1S (AP).-A growing public de-
threaten existing freedoms
Benjamin McKelway editor of The Evening Star of Wash
ngon and president of the Associated Press said here today
This dependence stems from continuing increases in Fed
assumption responsibilities he told
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-18
Every Middle.Aged Man
and Woman should read
YOUR
MIDDLE
YEARS
I2.pdrt series
nOU appearing
in The Star

The dangers, the opportunities, the challenges
that confront middle-aged men and women-this
is the subject matter of Howard Whitman's series
Your Middle Years" A nationally known writer
on human affairs he takes this series to erase the
fears and doubts that beset many middle-aged
persons. In this important SERIES you'll find
common-senSe advice; how to understand your
puzzling teen-age children how to prepare for
happy retirement, how to make yourself more
useful citizen. Your Middle Years" can give you
renewed confidence as you face the future.
Evening star., 1961-09-24

Sundoy c. a. 1861
Evening star., 1961-09-24

4:55-Fun Show ---.----- l3
6:0o-Hiehwuy Patrol ----- 2
6:30-EVening Report ------ I3
l1:l5-P.M. Eost-West ------ l3
AM. Mondoy
6:l5-Comparofive Literotvre l3
lo:oo-Movie: "Moto Hori" l3
PM. Monday
5:oo-Movie: wild and
Wooly" -----------n II
5:3o-Movie: THE Lost
Bondif ------------- Is
6:30-Pony Express -- 2
7:o0-CircUs Boy -------- "
Yogi Bear ---- ------ l3
7:3o- Corrallin' the Colts - II
ll:2o--Movie: Mayor Of
He'll" ---------- z
l2:55-(AM) Man TO Man. 10
AM. Tuesdoy
6:15-cIossroom 13 l3
1000 Movie: "Orientol
Dream" ---------l l3
PM. Tuesdoy
5:oo-Movie: "Iarzan and the
Amozons" ------ II
5:3o-Movie: The Big
Steal" 13
$50 San francisco Be1t --- 2
7:00-BlUe Angels II
Quick Draw Mecrow l3
7:3o-lt's in the Name --- 2
s:0o-Boseboll: Bolfo. Of
New York ----------- l3
ll:2o-Movie: "Invasion Of the
Body Snoiehers" ----- z
ll:25-Funny World -------- II
l2:55-(AM Man TO Man - l3
AM. Wednesday
6:l5-comporative LiterotVre l3
o:00-MoVie: The
Cuordsmon" - 10
PM. Wednesday
5:o0-Movie: "Showdown"- II
$50 Movie: "GUn
SmUselers" ------ l3
$50 -WhirlybiFds ------- 2
7:0o-Deoth Valley Days -. II
Dick TTocY -. 1880 l3
l0:3o-Perspeetive of Our
Time II
Moaozine. Washinaton, D. c.,
Evening star., 1961-09-24

ll:20-Movie: Possessed" 2
ll:25-FUnny World -------- II
l2:55-(AM) Man TO Man Is
Evening star., 1961-09-24
Thursday

6:l5-Comporotive Literature l3
1000 Solemn Pontificol High
"OSS -------------- 4
Movie: "Womon of
Mystery -------- Is
Evening star., 1961-09-24
Monday

6:l5-comporotive Literotvre l3
l0:00-MoVie: "Motu hori l3
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-14
Old open Skies Plan
Being Revived by Allies

LONDON. Oct. IA CAP).-
The West has revived Dwight
D. Eisenhower's old plan for
opening the skies on both sides
of the Iron Curtain to aerial in
spection as a guard against sur
prise attack.
A diplomatic authority said
the idea is being considered
tentatively for submission to
Russia as part of an overall
system for the security of
Europe.
Talks on European security
are expected to form part of
any German and Berlin nego-
tiations set up with the Soviet
Union.
The informant declined to be
identified but is familiar with
high-level allied planning. :.
While the major allies seem
agreed on producing new ver-
sion of Mr.. Eisenhower's 1855
proposal, they were reported
split over a British project.
This would set up a cool
zone" in Middle Europe along
the Iron Curtain taking in Ger
man and other neighbor terri
tories. In this region East and
West would be called on to
place ceilings on their armies
and. including possibly nuclear
weapon. The zone would be
subject to international inspec-
ton.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-14
Continued From First Page

Continued From First Page
export raw materials and then
import them again as finished
products.
Mongolia's deposits of iron,
tungsten and oil are also being
exploited under the Commu-
mist administration.
The Red dictatorship has not
become unusually oppressive
in Outer Mongolia, Mr.. Latti-
more found. because most of
the people are unaffected by
political changes. With rs
per cent of the country tending
cattle and more or less mac
cessible to politicians, only the
l8 per cent in the capital Ulan
Bator have influence on the
government. He noticed no
political unrest, he said.
Monaghan officials repeatedly
are disturbed that such a large
percentage Of the country's
inhabitants live in the capital
city. The population should
be better distributed, officials
said.
Question of Sovereignty"
Mr.. baltimore conducted his
own soundings of the State De-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-14
POLICY
Allied Powers Agree
roops Stay in Berlin

the Vests determination to
keep open the Berlin supply
line and to see to it that goods
and people move freely between
West Berlin and West Ger
many.
Talks Are Limited
Mr.. Rusk was limited in
what he could tell Mr.. Gro
myko, however, by the limited
nature Of allied agreements to
date. In effect he was able to
state authoritatively what the
West would not accept in the
way of changes. but he was
not able to give any indica-
ton of positive Western pro-
posals for a Berlin settlement.
Mr.. Khrushchev has called
for an East-West agreement to
ban nuclear arms for German
military forces, East or West.
He has demanded acceptance
of the Oder Neisse line as the
boundary between East Ger
many and Poland. He has asked
Western recognition Of the
East German Communist gov
ernment-which the Western
powers fatty oppose.
On these and other issues,
United States officials hope
that the West will soon be able
to arrive at agreed positions
which will allow maximum
flexibility in any negotiations
that may be held with Russia.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-14
Humphrey Hit:
YYueosIdys

BELGRADE, Yugoslavia, Oct.
IA (AP).-A government spokes-
man said yesterday United
States Senator Humphreys
visit to Yugoslavia was Cancelled
because of an unusual state
ment about Yugoslavia."
The Minnesota Democrats
schedule had called for him to
be here last Monday, and the
United States Embassy was TN
able to explain why he did rot
arrive. Then Drago Kune, the
spokesman, said:
After the unusual statement
about Yugoslavia by Senator
Humphrey, a statement which
is not in harmony with the re-
lations existing up to now be-
tween our two countries, con-
facts between him and Yugo-
slav statesmen which were
planned could not take place,
and the visit was Cancelled"
He refused to say, who can
celed the visit.
Yugoslavia objected to a
statement attributed to Sena-
tor Humphrey listing Yugo-
slavia as among countries which
are not free.
BRUSSELS, Belgium, Oct IA
(AP).-Senator Humphrey told
newsmen here yesterday, 1.-THE
first contribution to peace Pre-
mier Khrushchev could make is
to stop acting as an aggresSor
in Berlin and sit down to
meaningful, sincere and hon
orable negotiations"
The Sc n tor emphasized,
however, that some items are
not negotiable, such as freedom
of access to Berlin for military
and civilians alike, and free
dom for people to choose their
government. their social system
and their political institutions.
THE recognition of the East
Zone is not negotiable either.
We recognize nations and SOY
ereign states, but not zones"
During a stopover here on a
European fact-finding tour,
Senator Humphrey called on
Foreign Minister Paul Henri
Spaak. The Senator was to go
on to Poland today.
In Warsaw, he said, he will
make a brief survey of the
American economic and food
assistance program to the Po-,
fish people, whom we hold in
great affection in the United
States"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-14

efforts of his foreign secretary
Lord Home, in seeking a peace
full solution to the Berlin prob
lem.
On the economic front, the
Prime Minister said he is anx-
ious that a way can be found
for Britain to join the six-na-
ton European Common Mar
ket.
Sees Link up Necessary
Britain's economic link up
with France, West Germany,
Italy, Belgium, the Neither
lands and Luxembourg is nee
essary because the continued
division of Western Europe
into rival trading groups could
have grave consequences, the
Frlme Minister SAID.
He conceded that, once Brit
ain was III the Common Mar
ket. this islands industrial
pattern would experience many
painful changes. But he denied
the Common Market link
would weaken Britain's ties
with the Commonwealth.
Il am convinced that a more
united Europe could be of the
utmost benefit to our Com
monwealth family he de-
clared.
Mr.. Macmillan threw his
personal authority behind a
voluntary system for economic
planning on which Selwyn
Lloyd. Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer, is working.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-14

three understrength divisions
in Europe. The rest of the
French army is in Algeria
President de Gaulle ordered
two divisions returned from
Algeria earlier this year, but
apparently for internal politi-
cal reasons, not for a Berlin
buildup. Although his armies
are shot through with political
dissention. NATO officials be-
lieve that the dissidentS would
cause no problems in a fight
against Communist armies.
France has a large and presum-
ably effective reserve force.
Britain The United King
dom has spread it's military
forces thinly around the Com
monwealth and in Europe. The
British NATO goal has been a
SIS 900 man Army on the Rhine
plus air and naval support.
Before the buildup her ground
strength in Europe was $4,000
men. After a visit from Secre-
tary of Defense Mcnamara,
Britain promised to send addi-
tional units mostly armor and
air defense to bring strength
up to $4,000. British military
men say minimum strength
should be $4,000 to 10000 men
for the existing units plus the
1000 added by the Mcnamara
prod. They say they are par
ticularly short of technicians.
The government has decided
not to shift significant num-
bers of soldiers from Common
wealth outposts, but it decided
to earmark a new small divi-
sion in Britain for a European
strategic reserve. This is a
significant change in policy, as
these troops had been available
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-14

bombers and 5000 transports,
helicopters and reconnaissance
planes.
Mai. Gen. H. r. Spicer, boss
of the American 18th Air Force.
the American fighter and
fighter-bomber force in Europe,
says NATO tactical air forces
ARE quite drastically outnum-
bered" by the Soviets in the
air.
But Pentagon planners say
the Allied contingent could be
beefed up to a rough parity in
strength in the near future If
necessary by calling on Ameri-
can and foreign air units now
in reserve or committed else
where.
NATO planners conclude that
in a massive, non-nuclear war
in Europe. the Allies would lose
steadily. But in a nuclear de-
tense. the enemy would be clob-
bered. DIFFERENCE Of attacks and
the defense of Europe. civil
ian leaders say in the western
European countries, still de-
Ponds on the strength of the
atom - specifically on the
American Strategic Air Com
mand and British V-Bombers
and missiles.
And the basic strength of
NATO. according to these Of
ficials. lies not only in its weap-
ons. but in its economic and
political resources and cohesion.
Soviet threats have not been
able to shake the alliance. 1t
is growing in strength and ex-
panding in the areas of mutual
cooperation.
Tomorrow: The new strategy"
for NATOD
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-14

Neither project contains the
element of disengagement -
the obligation by Communist
and Western powers to with
draw part of their forces.
French and West German
authorities argue that such a
system would only give Europe
a sense of false security and
would tend to solidify the
existing division of Germany
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-14

will not, at this time, attempt
to close a New York firm which
circulates in America the Off
cial Soviet stand on various
issues.
Mr.. White released copies of
a September % note to the
Kremlin asking for facilities in
Russia to match those of Cross
Currents Press of New York
City.
Registered with the Justice
Department as an agent of the
official Soviet publications ex-
porting agency, Cross Currents
currently is circulating a l57-
page booklet on the Berlin
question.
The booklet is priced at 81
but has been sent free of charge
to United States Congressmen
and others. The current issue
includes a letter from Soviet
Premier Khrushchev ito Ameri-
can readers" plus texts of Khru-
Shchev speeches and memo
randa on the German question.
Justice Department figures
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-14

show eros Currents Press has
received $21, 1857 from the So
Wet Embassy here since De-
cember 27, 1860.
False InfirmatiOn' Cited
In reply to the American re-
quest, the Soviet note of Octo-
Der IL said Russia favors the
broad exchange of truthful in
formation" to develop friendly
relations but opposes false in
formation" which incites "en-
nifty among people"
The Soviet note, which Mr.
White termed "in essence" a
denial of the United States re-
quest. stated further that Rus
sian public opinion is widely
informed on all questions OF
international life"
1t said all basic United States
documents are published In the
Russian press and contended
that Soviet statements some
times are distorted by the
American press.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-14

previously only for Common
wealth service.
Italy and Holland They are
filling out existing units in an
encouraging fashion.
Norway, Denmark, Belgium
and Luxembourg Their added
contributions are for all prac-
tical purposes nil.
Portugal, Greece and Turkey
- They have the will. but not
the money, for a military build
up.
Soviet Forces
What do the Communists
possess to face NATO's 21-odd
divisions?
According to figures from
Gen. Norstad's headquarters.
the Russians have 20 divisions
in East Germany, two in Po-
land and four in Hungary.
They have rs more in western
Soviet Union and IS in the
East. They have an additional
20 skeleton divisions that could
be filled out in time of war.
Gen. Bruce Clark. American
Army commander in Europe.
says the Russian divisions on
the front are of comparable
quality TO those of the United
States. But he adds that they
will have problems Of supply.
communications and rear-area
security that the NATO divi-
sions will not have. Also. there
is a limit to the number OF
divisions that could be squeezed
into the central front in time
Of war.
In the air. according TO Gen.
Norstad. the Soviets have $500
first-line jet fighters, $500
light medium and fighter
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-14

partment's exploration of Outer
Mongolia's attributes of SOW
ereignty."
He expressed no opinions o!
his own but cited those of the
Indian Ambassador in Ular
Bator, who regarded sover-
eighty as a matter Of degree
and claimed that only the
United States and the Soviet
Union could claim complete
sovereignty.
Outer Mongolia receives aic
from both the Soviet Union
and Communist China. Its
prosperity is heavily supported
by the Soviet Union, Mr.. Latti.
more said. Russia has an
nounced loans at low interest
rates in millions of rubles. then
Cancelled the interest COM
pletely in two years, and later
Cancelled the loan completely
He has found no way to judge
the total amount Of resources
the Soviet Union has con-
tributed to Outer Monaghan
development.
He cited the case of the rail.
road across Outer Mongolia al
an example of the Soviet atti.
tude. however. Moscow fl.
nanced a trunk railroad off the
Siberian route through Outer
Mongolia to Picking. While the
Soviet Union had thus improved
its own communication with
China, it had also helped Outer
Mongolia to prosper and even
pays the Ulan Bator govern
ment for its use of the railroad
Proficiency Grows
Proof of the Outer Monaghan
rapid development, according to
Prof. baltimore, is the pro-
ficiency Of its mechanics. Each
emerging nation ruins its first
set of machinery, he observed
But the Mongolians have
passed that stage. Six months
after the Soviet Union turned
over its railroads to the Mon
golians, he reported, all Soviet
technicians had disappeared.
Nevertheless, Outer Mongo-
liza is still primitive country
Ulan Bator can be approached
by only one road from the
Soviet Union. A highway from
Communist China is still under
construction. The principal
means of communication is by
jeep across the open country.
Ulan Bator, on the other
hand, has aluxury hotel and
most government offices are
housed in modern buildings.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-14

sentative Party conferenc e
that the theological struggle be-
tween the free world and its
belief in God and atheistic
communism may last for an
other generation-perhaps even
longer"
Ultimately. he said, the hope
Of the world must rest on the
CHI ance that communism S
wicked and cynical doctrines
will gradually change and lose
their fervency and strength"
Then Communist countries
may begin to develop into more
normal civilizations, recovering
a moral basis for their life"
he added.
Warns NeutralS
The Prime Minister warned
neutralist countries and newly
emerging states against flirting
with the Soviet Union.
Sometimes these countries
are able to wrench themselves
free" he said. Sometimes.
alas, the process has gone too
far. Once the bears hug has
got you, it's apt to be for
keeps"
Describing the Soviet Union
as the worlds greatest i'm
perialist country, Mr.. Macmil-
Ian said Moscow sought to ex-
tend its power through "a
strange if perverted creed that
has a queer attraction both for
the most primitive and for the
most sophisticated societies."
Mr.. Macmillan praised the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-14
Macmillan Pins HOPE
In Crisis on Diplomacy

BRIGHTON, England, Oct. ID (AP-Prime Minister Mac
milan expressed hope today that basis for negotiating the
6ern crisis may be uncovered by of patient diplomacy
He declared that the explosive issue may provide
the first real test of Soviet desires international ten
sion WA
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-14
POLICY
Continued From First Page

to return to Moscow sometime
next week. He has instructions
to resume exploratory talks
with Soviet leaders in the near
future, but as practical mat
ter this probably will not be
possible until the Communist
sessions are concluded. The
meeting is expected to last
about 10 days.
United States officials hope
that within two or three weeks
Mr.. Thompson will be in posi-
ton to begin giving the Soviet
government some idea of the
kind of agreement which the
Western powers would consider
acceptable for settling the Ber-
lin crisis peacefully. Whether
he is able to do 50 will depend
on the outcome of the London
talks and possibly a brief West
ern foreign ministers meeting
which may grow out of them.
The exploratory discussions
Mr.. Rusk held with Mr.. Grom-
yko were limited almost en-
tirely to sounding out the Rus
slams on what they want and
what kind of guarantees with
respect to Berlin's future and
the operations of it's access
routes they would be prepared
to provide.
Mr.. Rusk gained the impress
sion that Russia is seriously
interested in negotiating and
that Mr.. Khrushchev would be
prepared to put into writing
guarantees with respect to Bcr-
Inns supply lines from the
West.
Allies Troop Accord
1t also is understood that
Mr.. Khrushchev recently sent
word to the United States Gov
eminent through a neutral dip
lomat that the guarantees could
take the form of an annex to
his projected treaty with East
Germany.
What the guarantees them
selves would consist of Is still
unclear. And, as Russias de-
mands now stand. the guaran-
tees would be applied only on
condition the Western powers
agree to basic changes in Ber-
Inns status.
Diplomats say that on Ber-
lin itself there is complete
Allied agreement: The United
States. Britain and France in
tend to keep their troops in
West Berlin because they re-
gard the garrison there as af-
fording the only reliable pro-
lection for the city against
threats and pressures from
Communist East Germany.
Mr.. Rusk is reported to have
made allied firmness on this
point completely clear to Mr..
Gromyko. He also emphasized
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-14
Reds Won't Ease Ban
Against u. S. Views
BY the Associated Press

The Soviet government has rejected request wider
dissemination inside Russia of official United States views
the German situation.
State Department Officer Lincoln White released
the texts of the American request and the Soviet denial last
night He said however that the United States Government