davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-08-04
Illinois Gov. KoFneF Orders
Sfufe-Wide Observance
Of Fair Employment Aet

Springfield, Ill. CAMP - Gov.
Otto Kerner has notified all state
political subdivisions that they are
subject to provisions Of the re-
Gently passed fair employment
practices act. r
Kerner signed into law last week
the bill which sets up a commits
sion to investigate alleged dis
elimination in hiring. The commits
sion can take cases to court in ex-
IRENE instances.
The governor Is expected to
name a commission director short
ly. The bill applies to contracts In
volving the state or political sub
divisions and to contractors, sub
contractors, and unions.
For the first two years, the law
affects firms employing 100 OF
more workers. The second two
years it affects firms with rs
workers, and then it will govern
companies with so or more en-
ployes.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-08-04
Affy.-Gen. Kennedy Orders
Enforcement OF Rule To
Infeqrufo Victims Rooms

Biloxi, Miss. CAMP - An Of
fetal of the Interstate Commerce
Commission says action cannot be
delayed indefinitely on a move to
desegregate waiting rooms for in
terstate passengers.
Ray Anterior, district super
visor for the ICC, told the Miss
issippi Trucking Association last
week that Atty. Gen. Robert Ken
nedy has requested enforcement Of
a ruling banning segregated wait
ing rooms.
Anterior said it was customary
to call a public hearing, but such
a hearing date has not been set.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-08-04
Witnesses OF Region
To Hold Six Day
Meeting In ONO

"SUbbU8 bu NUoUo
Preparations are being made by
the West Unit Of Jehovah's Wit
nesses to attend a six-day conven-
ton in the Civic Auditorium,
Omaha, Nebraska, August 1920.
Abraham Grabowsh, presiding
minister Of the West Unit, an
nounced today that he will head
a delegation Of 100 to the assem-
bly,.
The convention Is one Of six
United Worshippers District As
semblies scheduled this summer in
the United States by the Watch
tower Bible and Tract Society,
Brooklyn, New York. Over 1000
Witnesses from ten midwestern
states are expected to attend.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-08-04
CHURCH
NEWS
ZION BAPTIST

MaAOAN mar AA0A
The light that shines farthest,
shines brightest nearest home"
Sunday WIS Missionary Day at
Zion Baptist, the theme being
Building Life. Mrs. Ardelia Mer-
zell, our guest speaker for the 8
am. service, spoke on Missions.
From her beautifully delivered
message came this thought that
people usually think of PARKWAY
places when the word missions Is
when actually there Is
plenty of work to be done locally.
Mrs. Theresa Granger spoke at
the IL am. service on the subject
What It Means to Become q
Missionary" One Of many thoughts
derived from her message was
that white uniforms do not make
a missionary; nurses wear them.
beauticians wear them tennis
players wear them and many
others. It isn't the uniform but
how you live in that uniform. We
were very proud Of both of our
speakers. They did a beautiful job.
Rev. James r. Holloway viii be
out of the pulpit the first two
Sundays in August on vacation.
During his absence, we viii have
the following guest speakers.
Sunday, August 8, Rev. e. Hen
derson viii speak at the 8 am.
service. Rev. H. w. Bolts, ST., at
the IL am. service. Sunday, Aug
ust IS, Rev. c. s. Jones, Second
Baptist Church Of Fort Madison,
Iowa win speak at both services.
A card, a call, a prayer can do
so much for our shut-ins to let
them know we miss them and pray
for their speedy recovery.
If ever you feel the need for
spiritual guidance, warm fellow
ship with christian people, remem-
Der that Zion Baptist welcomes
you. For your meditation: Is there
any dust on your Bible?
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-08-04


same category by the public when
it comes to driving an automobile.
Our adult public has adopted q
negative attitude toward our young
drivers whether they are reckless
or responsible drivers
We're recognized the negative
long enough. said Pat Rogers,
founder Of the National Merit
Drivers Association. TITS high
time we recognized the positive.
We have faith in our young people;
it's as simple as that" The Ma
tionaI Merit Drivers Association
(NMDA), headquartered In Min
neapolis, is an organization chart
cred under Minnesota law for q
carefully selected group Of young
drivers between the ages Of 10
and IS.
Statistics show that young driv-
ers cause a disproportonate share
of the traffic accidents. But
MIDAS philosophy Is that it Is
unfair to discriminate against the
responsible young driver because
of the mistakes of the irrespOn-
sible driver. NAIDA believes it has
the remedy in the CASS plan.
CASs gets it's name from the first
letters of the associations four
point philosophy:
1. Competing for the honor Of
being n good driver.
2. Approaching law, order and
discipline.
5. Self-asserting the best al
ways.
4. Serving others and yourself.
Ira Rogers, former Director Of
Education of the Automotive Safe
ty Foundation in Washington, d.
C. and a member OF the National
Council Of the Boy Scouts Of
America il the director Of the
CASS plan and it's activities.
Some So recruiters from the col
Ieges around the state have been
pushing the program in Mime
sofa under the direction Of Mr..
Rogers.
They arrange meetings in Min
nesota cities and towns at which
they talk with likely prospects for
the CAss plan.
Prospective participants fill out
an application from requiring ev-
erything from solid references to
detailed personal history. A $40.
fee must accompany the applica-
ton to cover the cost Of checking
1t out. Then they take a battery
Of tests which are given in coop
Grafton with Columbia University.
Those who qualify pay an add
tonal SIS. to enroll in a series Of
five-two hour clinics. At these
clinics, the young drivers are In
structed and tested in a broad
range of subjects connected with
accident problems, automobile
mechanics and driving perform
ance. Those who do not qualify win
have their $40 refunded. Those
who successfully complete the
CASS clinic win be eligible for a
membership in the National Merit
Drivers Association.
Some Of the benefits Of belong
ing to the association are a chance
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-08-04
Our Post This Week

August 5, 1866 - Matt Henson,
first Negro to reach the North
Pole, born in Maryland.
August 8, 1916 Friedrich
Douglas created sensation with
speech before World
Temperance Convention in London,
England.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-08-04
Dixie Governors
Bond Together To
Keep Segregation
fContinned from Pad m

NNontAMuca rum E1k0
Mayor w. l. Howard Of Monroe,
La, a founder and temporary
chairman Of the executive COM
mittee, and other committee men,
bers have just completed a tour
Of the South. They sought to per-
suade city officials, with the ex-
ception OF those in North Caro-
lima, to attend the first general
meeting Of the conference in Mem
phis, Aug. IL and IL.
Another founder of the confer
ence is Mayor Allen c. Thompson
Of jackson, a member Of the Citi-
zens Council. a militantly segre-
gationist organization. After the
Baton Rouge meeting, he was
quoted as having said that the
conference could become almost as
strong a public voice as the NAA-
CP.
ALIssissippPs Barnett Called
Governors Meeting
The one-day session of state
officials was called by Gov. Ross
r. Barnett Of Mississippi, also a
member Of the Citizens Council.
He led a Democratic party bolt in
Mississippi last year that lost the
states electoral votes for Presi-
dent Kennedy.
In an opening statement, Gov
ernor Barnett deplored "the lack
Of unity among the leaders Of the
South and praised the founders Of
the municipal conference.
Faubus Was There
Besides Barnett, the participants
included Gov. Orval Z. Faubus
Of Arkansas, John Patterson of
Alabama and Ernest F. Hollings
Of South Carolina. The seven other
Governors Of the Old South were
invited, but declined on the ground
that they had previous engage
ments.
The chief executives Of Florida,
George, Louisiana and Kentucky
did send representatives. However,
it was considered doubtful that
many of them or even some Of thu
Governors who did attend would
go along with the Barnett pro-
gram.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-08-04
CARD OF APPRECIATIoN

Iwish to thank my many friends
for their prayers, cards, flowers,
gifts and other acts Of kindness
extended during my recent hos
pitalization and convalescence at
home. Your thoughtful interest 10
a source of deep comfort and shall
never be forgotten.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-08-04

A non-profit organization in the
state Of Minnesota Is working to
change the status Of the good
young driver in the eyes Of the
adult public. At present, most Of
the young drivers are put into the
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-08-04
Holland Promoted
To Higher Post
I'm Vets Adm.

George L. Holland, Assistant
Manager for Veterans Benefits at
the Veterans Administration Cen
ter in st. Paul, Mimi, and vet
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-08-04

eran career civil
servant, has been
named Manager
of the Veterans
Benefits Office
in Washington,
D. c.
Mr.. Holland Is
the first Negro
to become man
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-08-04

There rs no substitute for q
newspaper which breaches and
practices the gospel Of progress
and advancement.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-08-04

There Is no substitute for q
newspaper which supports the
good things going on In the com
munitY.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-08-04

There Is no substitute for o
NEWSPAPER WHICH TAKES A
STAND ON THE ISSUES OF
THE DAY.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-08-04
ST. THOMAS EPISCOPAL

Two children were christened
Sunday, July 80, at the $3.50 am.
service. They were Collins VIII
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-08-04

flames $3.50.
Prayer IL q power because
through prayer We reach past
human thought past human
limitation and touch the in
visible source Of all life. all
energy. all substance. Our
prayers help and heal another
because they awaken the
Spirit Of God In him.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-08-04
Families Move Into
Bronx InfoFrueioI

Families Move Into 4,
Bronx lnf0rraeioI 4
Apartment Building
New York amp - Families
with at least a dozen ethnic and
national backgrounds began NOV
ing last week into a middle-income
Bronx cooperative that is, in eff
feet, a fourteen-story melting
pot"
Called the Tower Gardens, It
consists Of two buildings that ac--
commodate 10S families.
Its occupants include those with
origins that are Chinese, Japanese,
Negro. Italian, Indian, Irish, Col
ombian, Spanish, Swiss, German,
Finnish and Dutch West Indian.
Free enterprise Is a vital part
Of our legacy, and 1t prospers
best In association with the other
freedoms which 1t can nourish and
extend" Edward Dalton Com
pany.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-08-04

pany.
Evening star., 1961-06-18
The Far East

Next to Europe, the IL nations
of the Far East have been the
largest recipients of foreign assist
ance. Since 1916, $18.9 billion in
economic and military aid has
been spent here. More than a
third of this total, or SGT billion,
has been devoted to military prof.
ects of one kind or another. But
this, too, should cause no surprise.
Since 1852 the Far East has been
the scene of the more costly and
protracted open conflicts between
the Allies and the Communists.
Korea, for example, has taken
a total of nearly $4.5 billion; the
Republic of China, $3.9 billion;
Japan, $3.5 billion and Wet Nam
and Laos combined have received
$2.2 billion.
But the real tragedy of aid to
the Far East is that virtually all
of it, excepting that which has
gone to Japan and about SIS bill
lion given to the Philippines, has
been consumed in war, sequestered
by the Communists or has been
otherwise unproductive.
Even the total figure of $12.1
billion in economic aid for the
Evening star., 1961-06-18
Europe

It is not surprising that Western
European nations, the most CREW.
ous sufferers Of wars devastation
and this Nations oldest allies in
the cold war, should have received
the lions share Of foreign assist
ance.
OF the $84.1 billion spent thus
far, $43.1 billion has gone to Is
European nations, including Po-
land and Yugoslavia.
Economic aid accounts for $2S.3
billion of the $43.1 billion, and
military aid has taken the balance
of SLAB billion.
What is surprising, however, has
been the dramatic change in char
acter Of aid since 1858.
Before that and dating back to
1916, aid to Europe had been pre-
dominantly economic. Indeed, in
those six years, European recipi-
ents took $23.6 billion in economic
assistance, or more than 81 per
cent Of the total Of $28.3 billion
it has received in the span of Is
years.
Conversely, military aid, which
until 1858 amounted only to SIT
billion, has risen sharply. From
1858 until 1860 military aid to
Western Europe has amounted to
$13.1 billion as opposed to only
SAT billion for economic aid in
the same period.
This changing character of aid
attests to several things.
1t points up the fact that the
economic recovery Of Europe was
a going proposition by the end of
1852, just seven years after VI
Day.
1t also indicates vividly the ris-
ing temperature Of the cold war,
beginning with the Korean con-
flict and continuing until today.
And, finally. it supports sub
stantively President Kennedy's in
sistence on new and more ef-
fective programs for assisting the
economic, education and social
development of other nations"
and his further insistence that
henceforth leach nation will con-
tribute in proportion to it's ability
to pay. -"
Evening star., 1961-06-18
Hitler Invaded Soviet Territory 20 Years Ago

Army for defense in the siege OF
Leningrad and elsewhere.
Hitler ONerruies Generals
But Hitler capriciously over
ruled his generals, transferred
armor from one army group to
another, abruptly countermanded
carefully planned operations. The
General Staff regarded Moscow
as the No. / objective, but Der
Fuehrer disagreed and ranked 1t
below Leningrad.
But by then Russia had sue
cessfully traded space for time.
United States began lend-lease. in
August and the Reds received
Short-range bers, pursuit
planes, tanks and anti-tank guns.
British and United States aid ar
rived via the dangerous Muir
manSk run.
AS the odds against them
heightened, the Germans launched
a final about blow at Moscow.
Books massive drive shared
thousands of captives at Bryansk
and Vyazma. Mizhaish, the last
major town before Moscow, crum-
bled october 20. -Four days later
the Nazis were within 81 miles of
their objective.
But the tide had turned. The
Reds astride the Mozhaish- Mos
COW road hurled repeated counter
attacks, using British tanks.
Temperatures which had been
severe suddenly became unbear-
able, plunging to 40 degrees below
zero. The Nazis had little winter
clothing nor adequate lubricants
for their vehicles. FroStbite cases
scared. BY early December the Of
fensive sputtered and died within
Is miles of Moscow.
The West Point Atlas Of Amer1-
can Wars points out that there
will probably never be an accurate
history of the war in Eastern
Europe. German records are in
complete and Communist writings
suspect.
Finally" the atlas says, "this
was very much a private war-no
competent outside observer was
ever allowed more than a con-
fused glimpse Of it,"
Evening star., 1961-06-18

Critics, not necessarily hostile
to the concept of foreign aid, have
frequently found fault with con-
fusing and conflicting estimates
of how much the United States
has contributed to various inter-
national organizations and what
it has cost the Government to
administer its own programs over
the years.
Distinct from nation-by-nation
grants and loans, but included in
the grand total of $84.1 billion. is
approximately $3.4 billion which
the United States has spent on
so-called "non-regional' assist
ance.
Within this broad classification
are such items as the Asian Eco
nomic Development Fund, the In
ternational Bank, the Interna-
tional Refugee Organization, the
U. N. Headquarters Loan. the In
ternational Children's Emergency
Fund, the International Finance
Corp. and U. N. Technical Assist
ance.
Evening star., 1961-06-18

of Russian territory in a month.
Three veteran commanders led
their respective army groups. The
heaviest task was assigned to
Field Marshal Fedor Won Book who
commanded the center column in
an offensive north of the Pripet
marshes. He was to jump from
MinSk to Smolensk to Moscow.
Hitler was fighting a two-front
war with little Finland as his
principal ally in the east. Mr..
Churchill had not yet coined his
iron curtain term, but the Russian
theater was remote, and informa-
ton was scanty for the West, even
though it had a high stake in the
result. Both sides voiced fantastic
claims Of enemy losses, and the
Evening star., 1961-06-18
South Asia

Here the chief foe Of five re-,
cipient nations has been hunger.
Off to a late start by comparison
with other parts Of the. world.
total aid has amounted to nearly
$50 billion. About two-thirds Of
this has gone to India; nearly one
third to Pakistan, and about $3.50
million has been divided among.
Afghanistan, Ceylon and Nepal. e
Except for some military as
sistance to Pakistan, which is still
classified today, aid has been
strictly economic. About half has
gone into ICA technical assistance.
programs and the remainder in
bulk food and grain grants under.
P. L. 480.
Evening star., 1961-06-18
The Near East

Greece and Turkey, the two
principal mainstays against Com
munist aggression in the Near
East, have received the bulk Of
economic and military assistance
allocated to 10 nations grouped
here. OF some $8.6 billion for
the entire region, they have taken
slightly more than SO billion each
since 1916.
But again military contributions
outweigh those intended for eco
nomic rehabilitation and develop.
ment. OF the $6 billion given to
Greece and Turkey, $3.3 billion
has gone directly into armaments.
and more than half of the So
called economic aid, amounting to
$2.8 billion, has been spent on
supports for wartime economies. .
Oil rich Iran, with a total Of
about 81 billion in all kinds Of aid,
ranks third-and the balance Of
about 81 billion has been dis
tributed in comparative driblets'
to the remaining seven nations in
the region.
Evening star., 1961-06-18
A COMPLEX OPERATION
Where $84 Billion in Aid Has Gone

tense Departments have used Of
their own appropriations.
To help clear the muddle Of
who got what" the ICA re-
Gently completed a survey of total
postwar assistance to Mutual Sc
curity Program nations. These
ICA reports, plus similar studies
made earlier by several House and
Senate committees, the United
Nations, the General Accounting
Office and several private fact
finding groups, offer this view of
foreign assistance, based on
geographic divisions:
Evening star., 1961-06-18

Nazis repeatedly trumpeted that
complete triumph was near.
Soviets Vnderestimoted
Riga was captured by the in
vaders July l. All Baltic states
were conquered by August. Pincer
movements by the swift German
armor frequently trapped hun
dreds of thousands of prisoners.
The Germans captured 100000 at
Minsk, $4,000 at Kiev and 100000
at Smolensk. From July 21 on,
Moscow was under air lombard
ment.
But after initial successes, it
became apparent that Nazi intel
ligence had seriously under
estimated Soviet defense capa-
Evening star., 1961-06-18

bilities. In their recent war with
little Finland, the Reds had shown
major weaknesses. But as Hitler's
timetable Jagged, there was no
sign of Soviet collapse. Red in
fantry fought hard in local en-
gagements and was backed by
huge pools of reserves.
Stain called for a "scorched
earth" to prevent anything of any
possible use from falling into the
invaders hands. The Germans
were accustomed to living off the
land, and this complicated their
supply problems. The Reds blew
up their great Dnieper dam at
zaparozke on August "a.
Russian civilians we're regularly
pressed into service in the Peoples
Evening star., 1961-06-18
Africa

Aid to Africa is merely at the
beginning stage. Thus far direct
loans and grants to 10 nations
have accounted for some 1922
mlllion-and nearly all Of this
has been given since 1866.
Apart from the 1922 million
the newly emerging nations have
received from the United States,
international organizations, prin-
cipally the international Bank for
Redevelopment, have provided
about $64O million.
Most of this aid, as well as
United States aid, has been spent
on food and on agriculture and
technical assistance projects.
Evening star., 1961-06-18

total area is illusory. Much Of
this represents agricultural grants
under Public Law 480. The bal
ance went not to economic or
social development projects, but
rather to sustain a polyglot group
of war economies that have had
little in common besides graft and
corruption,
Evening star., 1961-06-18
By JOSEPH O'KEEFE
Star staff Writer

Twenty years ago next Thurs
day. Adolf Hitler's Blitzkreig
lunged for the heart of Russia.
In a massive, co-ordinated as
sault of planes, paratroops.
artillery, tanks and motorized in
fantry, the Werhmacht drove deep
into Soviet territory on June %,
1941.
Facing the complex implications
Of a choice between fascism and
communism, the Western democ-
racies quickly reached a decision.
Within two days, President Roose-
welt pledged the United States to
give all possible aid to Russia,
and ordered the release of $40
million in frozen Russian credits.
In Great Britain. Prime Minis
ter Churchill answered demands
for a negotiated peace with Ger
many by declaring: I'VE are re-
solved to destroy Hitler and every
vestige of the Nazi regime. We
will give whatever help we can
to Russia and the Russian peo-
ple."
Substantial numbers of Soviet
troops were massed near the
borders when Hitler struck, but
they fell back with only minor
resistance. Some American ana
lystS have cynically concluded
that Premier Stain was merely
awaiting an opportunity to attack
the Germans.
Comparison With Napoleon
Inevitably, the comparison arose
between the Nazis' invasion, and
Napoleon's disastrous expedition
of 1912. Hitler risked a tremen-
dous gamble with the weather,
allowing only about four months
for the conquest of Leningrad.
the Ukraine and it's wheat and
coal, the Donets River industrial
basin and the Caucasus oil fields.
Hitler doesn't resemble Napo-
leon any more than a kitten re-
sembles lion," Sneered Stain.
But the Wehrmacht refuted him
by driving forward in three COL
umns, seizing 175,O00 square miles
Evening star., 1961-06-18
Voluntary Relief Agencies

Also included on a non-regional
basis are some of the contribu-
tions to voluntary relief agencies,
such as CARE, the National Cath
olic Welfare Conference and the
Lutheran World Relief.
To administer its programs, the
Government has spent $342.8 mil
lion since 1916. exclusive, of
course, of what the State and De-