davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-08-04
PART IN
NeW Aspects of the
Social Question

The evolution of historical stu.
atoms brings into ever greater re-
lief how the exigencies Of justice
and equity not only have a bear
ing on the relations between de-
pendent wOrkingmen and contrac-
tors or employers, but also con-
Germ the relations between differ
ent economic sectors, between
areas economically more developed
within individual political commu-
mites and, on the world plane, the
relations between countries with
a different degree of economic.
social development.
Exigencies Of Justice in The
Order Of Relations between
Productive Sectors:
Agriculture, Depressed Sector
On the world plane it does not
seem that the agricultural-rural
population, in absolute terms, has
decreased; But it is undeniable
that an exodus of farm-rural peo-
pies to urban agglomerations or
centers is taking place - an exc
dus that is taking place in almost
all countries and that sometimes
assumes massive pro portions,
creating complex human problems
difficult of solution.
We know that as an economy
develops, the labor force engaged
in agriculture decreases, while
fhe percentage of the labor force
employed in industry and in the
area Of services rises.
Nevertheless, We think that the
movement of the population from
the farm area to other productive
sectors, besides the objective rea-
sons of economic development, is
often due to multiple factors,
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-08-04

arouse himself TO mercy and gen.
crosby; he that hath art and skill,
Iet him do his best TO share the
use and utility thereof with his
neighborl."
Today the state as well as the
agencies of public law have ex-
tended and are continuing to ex-
tend the sphere of their activity
and initiative. But not for that
reason has the "raison d'etre" of
the social function of private
property diminished, as some
wrongly tend to believe for the
social function derives from the
very nature of the right Of prop
erty.
Further, there is always a wide
range of tragic conditions and
needs that demand tact, yet are
n~onetheless urgent, and which the
official means of public agencies
cannot reach or at any rate can
not assist. Hence there ever re-
mains a vast sphere for the hum
an sympathy and Christian char
ity of individuals.
FINALLY, it is has also been
noted that the numerous efforts
of individuals or of groups are Of
ten more effective in promoting
spiritual values than the activity
of public agencies.
We should like to note at this
point that in the Gospel the right
OF private ownership of goods is
regarded as lawful. But at the
same time, the Divine Master fire.
quently extends to the rich the
in%sistent invitation to convert
their material goods into spiritual
ones by comforting them on the
needy.
He invites them to convert
their material goods into spirit
ual goods which the thief cannot
steal nor the moth nor rust de-
Stroy and which will be found in
creased in the eternal store houses
of the Heavenly Father; Lay not
up to yourselves treasures on
earth; where the rust and moth
consume, and where thieves
break through and steal.
But lay up TO yourselves. treas
Wres in heaven: where neither
fhe rust nor moth doth consume,
and where thieves do not break
through nor steal"
And the Lord will consider as
given Or refused to Himself the
charity given or refused to the
needy. "4As long as you did it to
one of these my least brethren,
you did it to me-"
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-08-04


ated the desire to escape from
surroundings considered as shut
in and devoid of prospects; the
longing for novelty and adventure
that has taken hold of the present
generation; the attraction of easily
gained riches; the mirage of liv-
ing in greater freedom and en-
joying means and facilities that
urban agglomerations and centers
offer.
But We also hold as beyond
doubt that one OF the forces be-
hind this exodus is the fact that
the farming sector, almost every
where, is a depressed area,
whether as regards the index of
productivity of the labor force or
as regards the standard of living
of agricultural rural populations.
THUS. A fundamental problem
that arises in practically all po-
litical communities is the follow
ing: How to proceed in order that
the dls~proportion in productive eff
ficiency between the agricultural
sector on the n hand and, on
the other, the industrial sector
and that of services be reduced:
in order that the standard of liv-
ing of the farm-rural population
be as close as possible to the stan
dard of living of city people, who
draw their resources from the in
dustrial sector and from that of
the service sector; in order that
the tillers of the soil may not be
possessed of any inferiority COM
pick, but rather be persuaded that
ever in agriculture they can de-
velop their personality through
their toll and look forward to the
future with confidence.
1t seems to Us opportune, there
fore, to indicate certain directly
eS that can contribute to a solu-
ton of the problem, directives
which we believe have value what
ever may be the historical envir-
Onment in which one acts, on con.
dition, obviously, that they be ap-
piled in the manner and to the
degree the surroundings allow or
suggest or demand.
The Equalization of Essential
Public Services
1t is above all indispensable
that great care be taken, especial
ly by the public authorities, to en-
ure that the essential services in
country areas be suitably develop
ed: good roads, transportation,
means of communication, drink
ing water, housing, health serv-
ices, elementary education and
technical and professional train
ing, conditions suitable for the
practice of religion, means of rec
reation and means. to ensure that
there should be a good supply of
those products which enable the
country home to be we'll equip
pea ana 10 De u on q
lines.
Whenever such services, neces-
sary today for a becoming stand
ard of living, are lacking in coun-
try areas, economic development
and social progress become al
most impossible or develop too
slowly. And the consequence of
this is that the flow of population
away from the country becomes
almost impossible to check and
difficult to control.
Gradual and Harmonious
Development of the Economic
System
ii is also necessary that the &C.
onomic development of the politi-
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-08-04
not improve the movie
READ

majestic temple Of creation: or
because their work often concerns
the life of plants and animals. a
lie that is ineXhaustible in its ex-
preston, infleXible in its laws.
rich in illusions to God. the Crea-
tor and Proyider; or because they
produce food necessary to nourish
the human family and furnish an
increasing number of raw mate
rlals for industry.
Furthermore, it is a work which
carries with il the dignity Of .
profession which is marked by IFS
manifold relationship with mach
ines. chemistry and biology, re.
lafionships in continued develop
rnenf because of the r~epercussions
of scientific and technical
on the farm. II is also a work char.
acferized by o moral dimension
proper TO itself, for it demands
capacity for orientafion and adap-
fions patience in its many hours
OF waiting. sense of responsibility,
spirit of perseverance and enter
prise. &
Solidarity and Cooperation
We should like to recall TO your
minds also that in agriculture. as
in other sectors of production.
association is a vital need today.
the o SC as this sector has as
its base the family-siZe enterprise.
Rural workers should feel a sense
of solidarity, m with another,
and should unite to form cooper
alive and professional associations,
which are both necessary if they
are to benefit from scientific and
technical progress in methods
of production, if they are to contri-
butte in an efficacious manner TO
defend the prices of their pro-
duets. if they are to attain an equal
footing with other economical pro-
fessional classes who are likewise
usually organized. They need TO
organize TO have a voice in politi-
cal circles as we'll as in organs
of public administration, for to-
day almost nobody hears, much
less pays attention to. isolated
voices. i.
Awsreness of the Deu"~"~.
of the Common Good
However, rural workers (as ,
workers in every other productive.
sector) must be governed in using
their various organizations by
moral and judicial principles.
They must try TO reconcile their
rights and interests with those OF
other classes of workers, and ever
subordinate one TO the other if
the common good demands it. The
rural workers engaged in improv-
ing the condition of the whole ssri-
cultural world can legitimafelY de-
mand that their efforts be second
ed and compIemenfed by the pub
lie authorities when they show
themselves aware Of the common
good and contribute to its resliza- .
tion. ~.
At this point, it is with pleasure y
that We express Our satisfaction ;,
with Our sons in various parts of
the world who are actively en-
gagged in cooperatives, in profess
sional groups and in worker move-
ments with a view to raising the
economic and social standards of
rural workers.
Vocation and Mission
In the work on the farm the
human personality finds numer
Gus incentives for self-expression,
for self-development, for enrich
ment and for growth eve in re-
gard to spiritual values. Therefore,
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-08-04

to the other two fields and to the
whole community the products
which best meet, in quality and
quantity, the needs of the consum-
er, contributing to the stability Of
the purchasing power of money,
a very positive factor in the ord
erly development Of the entire
economic system.
In such a way we believe that
it would also prove less difficult,
both in areas which the popul-
lation is leaving as well as in
those to which they are flocking,
to control the movement of the
labor force, set free by the pro-
gressive moderinization of agricuI-
ture.
1T WOULD be less difficult to
provide the labor force with the
professional training that will IN
able its members to fit profitably
into the other sectors of produc-
ton and with the economic aid
and preparation and spiritual as
sistance that will bring about their
indignation into society.
Appropriate Political Economy
- To obtain an economic develop
ment that preserves a harmonious
balance among all the sectors of
production, a prudent political eco
nomy in the area of agriculture is
also required, a political economy
that takes into account taxation,
credit, social insurance, price pro-
lection, the fostering of integral.
ing industries and the adjustment
OF the structures of enterprises.
Taxation
The fundamental principle in a
system of taxation based on justice
and equity is that the burdens
should be proportionate to the
capacity of the people to contri-
butte. But the common good also
requires that in the assessment
of taxes, it must be borne in
mind that in the sector of agri-
culture the returns develop more
slowly and are exposed to greater
risks in their production, and that
there is greater risks in their pro-
duction, and that there is greater
difficulty in obtaining the capital
necessary to increase them.
Capital at Suitable Interest
For the reasons mentioned
above, the possessors of capital
have little inclination to make in
vestments in this sector. They are
more inclined to invest in the
other sector instead.
For the same reason agriculture
investments cannot yield a high
rate of interest.
Nor a agriculture as a rule
r large enough profits to fur
nish the capital necessary for its
own development and the normal
exercise of its affairs. 1t is there
fore necessary, for reasons of the
common good, to evolve a special
credit policy and to create credit
institutes which will guarantee to
agriculture such capital at a rate
of interest on suitable terms.
Social Insurance and
Social Security
In agriculture the existence of
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-08-04

ing liz balance IN the standards
of living in the different categor-
les of people.
Price Protection
Given the nature of agricultural
production it is necessary that an
effective system of regulation
should be enforced to protect
prices, making use of this end of
the numerous expedients which
present-day economic technique
can offer. 1t is very desirable that
such regulation should be primari-
ly the work of the interested part
les.
On this subject it must not
be forgotten that the price of
agricultural produce represents
much more the reward of labor
than remuneration of capital.
Pope Plus xi in the encyclicaI
"ouadrasesimo Ammo" rightly OBJ
serves that, "a reasonable reIa-
fionship between different wages
here enters into consideration"
but he Immediately adds: Inf
mately connected with This is a
reasonable relationship between
the prices obtained for the product
of the various economic groups:
agrarians industrial, etc"
While it is true that farm pro-
duce is destined above all to salts
fy the primary needs of man, and
hence their price should be with
in the means of all consumers,
still this cannot be used as an
argument to compel a part of the
citizens to a permanent state of &C.
onomic and social i~nferiority by
depriving them of the indispen-
sable purchasing power in keeping
with mans dignity. For this would
be Numerically opposed to the
common good.
Indignation
of Farm Income
1t is also opportune to promote
in agricultural regions the indus
tries and services pertaining to
the preservation, processing and
transportation of farm products.
1t is further desirable that in these
regions undertakings in respect to
other economic sectors and other
professional activities be devel.
oped, so that farmers can complete
their income in the surroundings
where they live and work.
Adjustment of the Structure
of Farming Enterprises
1T is NOT possible to determine
"a priori" what the structure of
farm life should be because of the
diversity of the rural conditions
in each political community, not
to mention the immense difference
obtaining between the nations of
the world. But if we hold to a
human and Christian concept OF
man and the family, we are forced
to consider as an ideal that COM
munity of persons operating on
internal relations and whose struc-
ture is formed according TO the
demands of justice and the prin-
ciples stated above, and still more,
enterprises of family size. With
these in mind we should exert
every effort TO realize n or the
other, as far as circumstances
permit.
But it is necessary to call atten-
ton to the fact that the enter
prise of family size requires econo-
mic conditions which can ensure
sufficient income to enable the
family to live in decent comfort.
To attain this end, it seems nee
essary not only that farmers be
given up-to-date instructions on
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-08-04

Institutes which will guarantee to
agriculture such capital at a rate
of interest on suitable terms.
Social Insurance and
Social Security
In agriculture the existence of
two forms of insurance may be in
dispensable: one is concerned with
agricultural products, the other
with the labor force and their
families.
Because the return per head is
generally less in agriculture than
in the sectors Of industry and Of
services. il would not be in accord.
anee with the standards of social
justice and equity TO set up sys-
TENS of social insurance or of
social security in which allowances
accorded TO the forces of agri-
cultural labor and of the individ-
val families were Substantially
lower than those guaranteed 10 the
sectors of industry and OF services.
We consider that social policy
must aim at guaranteeing that
the insurance allowances made
to the people should not be ma
terially different nc matter in
what economic sector they work
or the income on which they live.
The systems of social insurance
and social security can contribute
efficaciously to redistribution of
the overall income of the pOliti-
cal community according to the
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-08-04

ii is also necessary that the &C.
onomic development of the politi-
cal communities should take ef-
feet in a gradual way and main
tain a harmonious balance between
all the sectors of production. That
is to say, it is necessary that in
cultivating the soil there should
be put into practice innovations
concerning methods of production.
There should be a choice of the
type of agriculture and enterprise
that the economic system consid-
cred as a whole allows or requires.
And these should be put into
practice, as far as possible in .
degree proporfionafe TO that ar
ried out in the industrial and
service sectors.
In this way, agriculture absorbs
a larger amount of industrial
goods and. demands a higher quail
ity Of services. In turn, it offers
Navajo times., 1961-12-13

standing will be invited to play
with eight other teams outside the
league.
Team in the league are: In
scription House, Moencopi Indians,
ShungopaW Eagles, Tuba City In
dependents. Moencopi Knights, Tu-
ba City Trojans. Blakely Rockets,
Oraibians, Kayenta Crawlers,
Leupp Rams, Rare Metals, Conn
minity Center, Grand Canyon, Mo-
encopi Indians, Tuba City Indepen-
dents Leupp Independents.
Navajo times., 1961-12-13
TC Ind dependent
Basketball Leaave

The Tuba City Community Cen
ter is again the center of attrac-
tion with the start of the Indepen-
dent basket league. Sixteen teams
have entered the league and each
will play IS games bringing the to-
tai number of league games to be
played to 40.
The season runs from Dec S :,
1861 through Mar. 10, 1862 followed
by the 3rd Annual Tuba City Invita-
tional Tournament scheduled for
Mar. is. Is. IL, q, q. and "a. The
first eight teams in the league
Navajo times., 1961-12-13
Gallup independent
League Results

December A.
EPN G Ciniza, EPNG Window
Rock Gorfeit): Foutz Traders, 81,
Fl. Wingate. 36.
December S.
Dominics, 46, Ids. 43; Foutz
Service 81, Clay Fultz, 49.
December O.
Dominics, So: Gallup Indian
Center, So: EPNG Tohatchi, So:
Lambsons. 49: Navajo Inn, 1O8: Fl.
Wingate, As.
School Results
December g.
Gallup High, AZ: Wingate 81:
Gallup B, u: Wingate B, 33: Ca
thedral. Ramah (cancelledl
December p
Window Rock, 43: Round Valley,
48: Junior Varsity. Is: Junior VAR
sity, 46: Freshmen, q: Freshmen,
Sc: Ganado Mission, AZ: Tuba City,
SIS: Junior Varsity, AZ; Junior
Varsity, Al.
December g.
Cathedral, 36; Rehoboth, 80: Ca
thedral B, so: Rehoboth B, al.
Navajo times., 1961-12-13
Swimming Teams Meet

''Intermountain School will be
the host to 800 swimmers from all
over the Western States on Deem
ber 28th and 10Th. They will come
to participate in the first annual
Intermountain AAU Christmas
Meet. Temas from Tooele, Utah;
Clearfield, Utah: Desert Gym in
Salt Lake City. Utah: White Pine
Swim Club, Eli, Nevada: and Boise,
Idaho, are expected to compete.
Navajo times., 1961-12-13
NRbL Results

preeague Navajo Reservation Basketball League tournament
Lodgers edgng
Navajo 595S take first place. Paced Larry Smith
Satellites contributing II points each the game was full OF
the final seconds
the Ell Paso Torchers 70 64 take
despite the point effort the Torchers K
M. high the Mustangs with 18 points,
entered IA in the league race
making total of 10 teams Breakdown OF the
Mountain Dvision Window Rock
Lodger Navajo Inn Satellites prock Mustangs Window
Ell Torcher Plains Dsion FL Pas
Oilers Center Navajo Pine hres DesignG Con-
Deputies, El Paso Flames and Hlson Hawks.
that by dividing the into divisions
the will be evenly
matched and will lessen the amount of forfeitures.
schedules will be posted In the NAVAJ
Navajo times., 1961-12-13
NRB League,
Civic Center

Dec. 13 Wed.
700 PM Window Rock Lodgers
VS.. Foutz Traders
500 PM Ell Paso Oilers VS.. Ma
vajo Pine
Dec. IA Thurs.
$50 PM Hillson Hawks VS.. Thir-
ties
1880 PM Reynolds Electric VS..
El Paso Torchers
$3.50 PM Design 6 Construction
VS.. Deputies
Dec. is Fri.
$50 PM Ell Paso Flames VS.. CAL
lup Indian Center
1880 PM Navajo Inn VS.. Shiprock
Mustangs
$3.50 PM. Window Rock Lodgers
VS.. Totah Bandits
Dec. 20 Wed.
700 PM Navajo Pine VS.. Hillson
Hawks
500 PM Window Rock Lodgers
VS.. Reynolds Electric
Dec. 21 Thur.
$50 PM Gallup Indian Center VS..
Ell Paso Oilers
1880 PM Navajo Inn VS.. Foutz
Traders
$3.50 PM Totah Bandits VS.. Ell Pa
so TOrchers
Dec. II Wed.
$3.50 PM Ell Paso Flames VS.. Ell
Paso Oilers
1880 PM Navajo Inn VS.. Reynolds
Electric
$3.50 PM Shiprock Mustangs VS..
Ell Paso Torchers
Dec. 28 Thur.
700 PM Thirties vs.>De signG
Construction
500 PM Gallup Indian Center VS..
Navajo Pine
Dec. % Fri.
$50 PM Navajo Pine VS.. Deputies
1880 PM Ell Paso Oilers VS.. Hill
son Hawks
$3.50 PM Totah Bandits VS.. Win
dow Rock Teachers
Navajo times., 1961-12-13
Design .
Cont. from page 2

in the last four months, | think you
should consider that last year the
Construction Section had no more
than $500, 900 worth of projects 60
ing on at one time.
At the present time we have un-
der construction about 81, 900, 600
in projects. This means that tn e
scope of the construction work now
taking place has increased eight
times from that of year ago. 1t
should be pointed out that the Con-
strucuon Section is doing a very
good job in carrying out this ex-
Pansion program.
We have our limitations. In 9TH
er words, there is just so much
work that can be carried on by the
Design Sections and the Construc-
ron Section. Therefore, it is nec-
essary to schedule projects and
work in an organized manner, TAX
ing priority into account. That is
why chapter house work in partic-
ular must be scheduled. We ecannot
Jump in and do so or 100 chapter
houses at one time. The Construc-
tion Section before had been attem-
pting TO do six chapter houses at
one time. We now have nine under
construction and very soon we will
have eleven under construction at
one time. So you can see how diff
ficulfies arise with this expanded
program.
We, therefore. askthe coopera-
tion of the Chapter Officers in un-
derstanding our problems so that
when the difficulties arise and we
must make explanations Of delays
and reasons why projects cannot
get started, there Will be an UNDER
standing on your part. We ask you
to be patient. There is nothing we
would like more than to be able to
do all these things immediatelyfor
everyone at the same time. This Is
not DOS stble. We tryto get them done
so that when you come 70 see u
and we say two weeks, we do mean
it and we do everything in our pow
er to carry out our promises. 1t
is embarrass ssing TO us when we cam
not do this, but we always do our
best. II you are patient, we will get
all the work done. We promise you
that.
Navajo times., 1961-12-13
Albsqssrqvs laden Seheel
Chrisfmas Vaeation

Samuel Rosenberg, Principal of
the Albuquerque Indian School. has
announced the dates for the annual
Christmas Vacation. The dates are
from Thursday Dec. Il to January
1, 1862.
No children will be checked out
before 400 p.m., Wed. Dec. 20.
Navajo times., 1961-12-13

Kayenta Crawleys VS..
Oraibians
Moencopi Indians VS..
Tu a City Indepen-
dents
ShungopaV E agles S
VS.. Tuba City Trojans
Community Ce mt er
VS.. Moencopi Knights
Leupp Independents
VS.. Leupp Rams
Moencopi Elks VS..
Rare Metals
CIR and Canyon VS..
USPH
Inscription House VS..
Tuba City Indepen-
dents
Blakely Rockets VS..
Kayenta Crawleys
Moencopi Indians VS..
Tuba City Trojans
c onmunity Cent Ell
VS.. Sungopavi Eag-
les
Leupp Rams VS.. Or
aibianS
Moencopi Knights VS..
USPH
Leupp Independents
VS.. Moencopi Eks
WRESTLING
Inscription House VS..
Kayenta Crawleys
Blakely Rockets VS..
Leupp Rams
Tuba City Indepen-
dents VS.. Tuba City
Navajo times., 1961-12-13

G0lIsp pIndspeneeuS LeegUe
Jr. High Gym- GsIlup
Wedne sday, December 13.
Clay Fultz VS.. Fl. Wingate, 900
Pm.
Monday, December 18.
Foutz Traders v. Navajo Inn,
500 Pm.
Tuesday, December 19.
FoutZ Service VS.. Fl. Wingate,
800 Pm.
Wednesday, December 20.
Navajo Inn VS.. Clay Fultz, 900
Pm.
Monday, December Is.
Christmas to January 1 New
Years Day no Games.
Navajo times., 1961-12-13
Tuba City League,
Community Center

Dec. 13 Wed.
700 Pm
500 PM
Dec. is Fri.
$50 PM
1880 Pm
$3.50 PM
Dec. 10 Tue s
700 Pm
800 Pm
Dec. 20 Wed
700 PM
800 PM
Dec. Fri.
$3.50 Pm
7:3O PM
$3.50 Pm
Dec. q Sat.
600 PM
700 PM
$50 PM
Dec. Is Tue
700 PM
500 Pm
Dec. II Wee
700 PM