davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-03-07

The curious safari by
"Soapy" Williams may pos
sibly have done some good in
awakening Americans gen.
orally to the boiling, ferment-
ing situation in Africa. Aside
from that, however. the
journey was regrettable be-
cause Gov. Williams too Oft
en- and too clearly has re-
vealed his almost total lack
Of knowledge and under
standing Of Africa and Afri-
cans.
It Is perfectly logical to
point out what is or ought
to be obvious about Africa at
this juncture. when the fol-
lies and dangers Of too-pre-
cipitate independence for
semi civilized, underdevel-
oped and ,poverty-stricken
colonies are so apparent in
the Congo, in Rhodesia, in
Kenya, and elsewhere to
varying degrees.
Most obvious Of all Is the
fact that Africa is a CONT
nent Of many differing sets
Of conditions and circum-
stances. There Is not one
Africa. but hundreds. Even
one set of political boundar-
les. more or less arbitrary,
can and usually does include
tribal, racial. religious, ira
ditional and many other fac
tors widely at variance with
each other.
Thus in the Congo. torn
apart by rivalries. jealousies,
deep hostilities dating back
centuries, we see that a state
like Katanga. supposed to be
a province of the Congo Re-
public. has almost nothing in
common with Kivu or Orien-
tai provinces down the
river"
Certainly the, Union Of
South Africa is African, yet
what has it to do with
Guinea, or Ghana, or Upper
Volta?
Kenya has now moved to
the very brink of independ-
ence, and there are indica-
tions that q strong leader,
Tom Mboya. will take over
with q firm hand at an early
date. But the black national
lists Of Kenya are insisting
that the Kikuyu hero Of the
barbarous. bloody. incredibly
murderouS Mau Mau be re-
leased from his British con-
finement. What that will
mean to Kenya's other tribes
and to the terrified white
settlers remains to be seen.
It would seem, In the dis
Evening star., 1961-03-07
Silence on the RB-A Flyers Case

the rules Of hot war" are
to be applied, then the
United States and other
Western countries are miss
ing q bet in allowing Rus
sia's trawlers to fish" in
waters so close to American
submarine bases here and
abroad. A Soviet fishing
vessel approached New Lon
don when one of the latest
American submarines was
launched last year. When
the new submarine tender
from the United States was
arriving at a port in Scot
land last week, a Russian
trawler was in the same Vi
cinity taking pictures. Would
the Americans have had the
right to fire on the trawler?
Under the current concept in
Moscow, any vessel engaged
in military observation can
be attacked without warning
and destroyed, no matter
where it Is on the ocean.
There were four other air.
men aboard the Inflated
American plane. The body
Of one has been recovered.
But what happened to the
other three? The American
government says 1t doesn't
know, and the Russians pro-
fess also not to know.
The principle Is clear-the
Russians are. responsible for
the loss Of four American
airmen. viii the administra-
ton insist upon redress? Will
it ask for Qualification Of the
issues involved, so that fur
ther incidents may be avoid
ed? Or will the hush-hush
policy that began recently be
continued, in the hope pre-
sumably Of avoiding any
sharp talk with the Soviets
on any subject whatsoever?
If so, then the theory will
gain ground that appeaSe-
ment is a better way to run
foreign relations than with
firmness and resolutenesS.
The American people are,
Of course, entitled to know
just what the Kennedy ad-
ministration'S attitude Is to-
ward the loss of American
citizens on the high seas re-
sulting from q deliberate at
tack without warning on
American lives and property.
Copyright, ls6D
Evening star., 1961-03-07

true in any field but particu-
larly so in politics where so
much goes by favor.
Democratic women appar-
emily have been living emo
tionally in the dear old days
when such working politi-
clans as Eleanor Roosevelt.
Mary Dewson, Frances Per-
kins and India Edwards put
long lists Of women in front
Of national chairmen and
Presidents and demanded to
be heard on the merits. The
unanSwerable part was that
the lists named women who
could do q job but the politi-
cal arguments weren't neg
lected either.
The Eisenhower years were
Of course a time Of waiting
for all Democrats. but even
after the nomination of
President Kennedy and Vice
President Johnson the party's
women lie d erS apparently
failed to assess the situation
correctly.
They confronted not Just
one but two nominees from
States where women do not
play the same leading role
in politics as in States like
New York, California and
much Of the North. Northwest
and Midwest. It was obvious
that the Senator's from Mas
sachusettS and Texas, If
Evening star., 1961-03-07
Americans Believed Being Made Aware
Of Fermentinq Situation in Africa

NAL light of the African stu
alton, that the free world
nations pause a moment or
two and take some serious
stock Of the challenge facing
us. For willy-nilly, whether
by accident or folly. we have
been cast in the role OF a
defendant.
What have we to defend,
or to apologize for?
It is true that most Of the
nations of the West have
been "colonialist." Colonial
ism was a fact of life in the
10Th and early Goth centuries,
although the United States
was never q full l-fledged
partner to the exercise Of i'm
perialism. What did colonial
ism do?
Among other things, 1t
created the independent
spirits that we now witness
among the "natives"-the
Tom Mboyas, the Nkrumahs,
the observation-disclosures the
European "colonialists" in
stilled in these modern-day
leaders the spirit of leader
ship and of independence.
"Colonialism" also intro
duced such terrible oppres-
sionS as sewage systems, pure
water supplies, hospital and
medical facilities. transpor-
tation, paved streets, sup
preston of cannibalism,
schools and clinics. These,
along with exploitation"
were some OF the fruits Of
colonialism.
For all this terrible wrong,
the Western powers seem to
believe, today, that they must
beat their breasts in a peni-
tent mood Of "the guilt Is
mine" The Communist i'm
perialism, more pervasive
and so much more tyrannical
than anything the colonial
ist West ever dreamed Of, de-
mands this self-accusation,
and for the most part the
West complies.
1t would not be appropriate,
things being what they are,
for the free world nations to
settle the colonial problems
with gunboats, cruisers, or
expeditionary forces. Suez,
in 1855, was a perfect exam
pie of the passage Of time
and the change Of atmoS-
phere in the world.
But as much as we, as free
Americans, wish to see all
the people Of the world free
and independent, we also
need to warn against the ex-
Evening star., 1961-03-07
President Kennedy's Stand on U. S. Aid
To Public and Private Schools Louded

the Constitution, early last
fall committed himself to
absolute separation of church
and state.
In his recent press confer
ences he again made his po-
sition quite clear. The text
Of it was as follows:
@. Mr.. President. sir, in
view Of the criticism that
has occurred. could you elab-
crate on why you have not
recommended Federal aid to
public-to private and paro-
chial elementary and sec
ondary schools?
"A. Well, the Constitution
clearly prohibits aid to the
school, to parochial schools.
I don't think there's any
doubt Of that.
THE Everson case, which
is probably the most cele-
brated case. provided only by
a 5-to-4 decision was 1t pos
sible for a local community
to provide bus rides for nom
public school children.
But all through the ma
jority and minority state
ments on that particular
question there was a very
clear prohibition against aid
to the school direct. The Su-
preme Court made its de-
cision in the Everson case
by determining that the aid
was to the child, not to the
school.
"Aid to the school is
there isn't any room Tor de-
bate on that subject. It is
prohibited by the Constitu-
tion, and the Supreme Court
has made that very clear.
And therefore, there would
be no possibility Of our rec
ommending it,"
That's where Mr.. Kennedy
stands.
1t Is possible for sthe Gov
ernment to provide scholar
ships to students who may
then go where they please.
But direct aid to schools is
Evening star., 1961-03-07
DORIS FLEEsON
Women on the New Frontier

elected, would not be self
starters when it came to
recognition Of women.
But the proper ground
work was not laid. The al
most ludicrous result is that
Of 200 top Jobs filled by
Presidential appointment
only eight have gone to wom-
en- and two Of these are
completely non-political. The
two are the choice of Frances
Willis, q career foreign serv-
ice officer, as Ambassador
to Ceylon. and Of the Presi-
dents personal physician, DR..
Janet Travell. to be White
House physician.
Democratic women who
have always rather pitied-
and scorned Republican
women as orchid bearers must
face 1t that even President
Eisenhower did better than
that. Though he would never
entertain the spear carriers
among the women as he con-
stantly did his men support
erS, Eisenhower named eight
women to bona fide, top level
jobs, most Of whom were
able and influential.
The. feminine gap in the
New Frontier Is the more
noticeable because Of the
fond attention paid to mino-
rites. Practically every group
larger than three is repre-
sented in appointments while
half or more Of the popula-
ton must be content with
six not really powerful Jobs.
Evening star., 1961-03-07
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

The new Peace Corps may be used at home too sug-
gested duties Pcketng the fight
makeup for Republican orators and scrapng off old Nixon
bumper Stckers
Prosperous West Germany financial moves to help
the American dollar The to in this world
go to war-and lose 1t.
New Frontier officials ordered to give speech
writing profits to charity The Federal shostwrters union
will promptly rename its organization The Needest
Cases"
What with Laos and the Congo White House aides frown
on callers using the old Sautaton well. Mr. President
how's the world treating you this morning."
Feminine fashion ode: Lady friends will call you tacky
If you fail to dress like Jackie
Boss Economist Heller "a quickenng Of the pace
recovery following reversal Of the nventorycy mecha
nsm does not appear likely until after mdyear But on
the bright side the productivity economists prose
increasing per cent q MONTH
Evening star., 1961-03-07
Benjomin Heads
Group for U. N.

Robert s. Benjamin, chair
man Of the board Of United
Artists. was appointed by Pres
ident Kennedy yesterday as
national chairman Of the
United States Committee for
the United Nations for 1861.
In a statement announcing
Evening star., 1961-03-07
RALPH McGILL

A waggish philosopher Of
considerable wisdom sug-
gested recently that the
Seventh Day Adventists and
the Baptists were finding in
President Kennedy the first
really satisfactory President
they have ever had.
This conclusion grew out
Of the simple fact that Mr..
Kennedy has been his usual,
intellectually honest self and
said, quite frankly, that the
Constitution prohibits aid to
church-supported or paro-
chial schools.
Millions Of Americans who
are not ProteStants Gnclud-
ing even a great many Roman
Catholics) believe that this
constitutional prohibition is
a vital one for our sort of
country. But 1t is a fact that
the BaptiSts and the Sew
enth Day Adventists have
been the most consistent. For
all their fundamental beliefs
in teaching the Bible, there
are many school districts in
which Baptist and Seventh
Day Adventist children, act
ing on orders from their par
ents, get up and leave the
classroom at those periods
when the Bible is being read.
They have shown even
greater, and commendable,
consistency in refusing to
accept Federal money,
through the popular Hill
Burton law, to build hospi-
tails. They scrupulouSly have
refrained from taking any
Federal handout for their
schools, hospitals, or any
other phase of church-sup-
ported activity. It is not
possible to attack them as
bigoted or prejudiced in this
matter. They practice what
they preach.
President Kennedy, being
a man of integrity and prin-
ciple, and knowing that If
elected he would be required
to take an oath to support
Evening star., 1961-03-07
HyottsviIIe Optimists
Elect n. H. TuYIor

Howard H. Taylor recently
was elected president of the
Optimist Club of Hyattsville,
Md.
Other new officers are:
Joseph F. Elmo and Warren w.
Rolfes. vice presidents; Emory
L. Motter, secretary; William
Herincross, treasurer, and
Joseph A. Schwartz, sergeant
at arms.
Evening star., 1961-03-07

the appointment. the President
said he attaches "the greatest
importance to this country's
support Of the United Nations
as q force for peace" He added
that at no time has there been
Q greater need for an effective
mobilization Of all sources Of
support"
The purpose Of the commit
tee Is to promote community
interest in the United Nations
throughout the country.
Evening star., 1961-03-07
DAVID LAWRENCE

A mysterious silence hovers
over Capitol Hill. American
lives have been lost through
the wanton act Of the Soviet
government, but nothing is
being done about 1t. The RIB
Al was flying over the high
seas at least so miles from
land when 1t was shot down
by the Communists last July
!. Yet the Moscow govern
ment gets away with a fla.
grant violation Of interna-
tional law.
It was to vindicate this
very principle-freedom Of
the seas-that the United
States entered World War I
after similar attacks on
American. ships by German
submarines.
When the U-2 was 1orced
down last May over Russian
territory. the Senate Foreign
Relations Committee rushed
into a public inquiry. This
made headlines for several
days, and the Russian press
exploited the hearing and got
considerable comfort out of
it. The committees objec-
tive, Of course. was merely to
discredit the Republican ad-
miniStration. Now the Senate
Foreign Relations Committee
which is dominated by a
majority Of Democrats
would have to be in the
position Of criticizing a
Democratic administration,
So no such investigation OF
what happened is being
ordered. Nor Is there to be
any formal report apparently
on the failure of the State
Department to pursue its
protests,
There was justification
perhaps for silence during
the period that the two sur
viving American airmen were
in jail. Negotiations for their
release were successfully I'M
dertaken by the Kennedy
administration after such
efforts were rebuffed during
the previous months. When
the. flyers were returned to
the United States, q curious
set Of developments occurred.
First, the flyers were met at
the airport by the President
Evening star., 1961-03-07
Lack of Action Against Shooting Down
OF u. S. Plane by Russions Criticized

himself and told to keep mum
for the time being about
what had happened. They
were forbidden to talk to the
press. Then, after the lapse
of a month, they were al
lowed to be interviewed. But
only a limited amount of in
formation has been revealed.
The essential point dis
closed, however, is that the
plane was over the Barents
Sea at least so miles from
the Soviet coast. This con-
firms that the American
flyers were attacked while
travelling on the high seas.
Although American rights
were plainly transgressed,
the impression prevails that
the Kennedy administration
even made some concessions
to obtain the release Of the
two filters.
Senator Bridges Of New
Hampshire, Republican, has
just asked Congress to inves-
tigate this point so as to de-
termine what ransom price,
If any. the American gov
ernment paid for the release
of the flyers. Circumstan-
TALLY, suspicion has been
aroused by the decision of
the administration here to
resume negotiations with the
Soviet government for the
Inauguration Of q commercial
air service between Moscow
and New York-something
anxiously sought by the Rus
SLAMS so as to enable them to
send more quickly to Mos
cow their spy information
obtained from agents in this
country. It's being asked
whether the concession for
the release Of the flyers was q
promise to reopen negotia-
fions for the commercial air
service.
The argument probably
will be made by the Soviets
that they have a right to at
tack any plane or ship that
approaches their shores. In
time Of war this Is conceded
to be an enemy's privilege.
But the United States and
the Soviet Union today are
supposed to be at peace. If
the cold war" means that
Evening star., 1961-03-07
oNsTANTINE BROWN %
Soopy Williams Awakening u. S.

cesses that come from too
much freedom too soon. In
ternational com unism
stands poised and ready to
leap into any political vac
uum that develops. The free
world must be on guard, ev-
cry minute of every hour.
Evening star., 1961-03-07
Education and InteIIectuuIHonestv

out. Those who persist in
nagging him about 1t or in
seeking to defeat the pro-
posed legislation. need to
examine their consciences.
A sharp and clearly under
stood separation Of church
and state 10 necessary for
our kind Of country. A sys-
TEN Of public schools is the
only way we can provide
necessary education for a
free people.
Let's be honest with our
selves.
Those who send their
children to private or church
schools do so because they
want something extra for
their children. It Is a fine
thing to do If one can afford
it. By all means, then, let
them pay for that. It is not
then Intellectually honest to
complain about taxes for
public schools. Millions Of
Americans who have no chill
dren at all cheerfully pay
taxes to support public ed
ucation. 1t is a national
need.
II we want a church
directed education for our
children. then we should be
honest enough to pay for it
without complaint. It be-
comes q personal choice-an
extra for the children in
volved. And in this country
1t is the custom to pay for
extras
Milford chronicle., 1961-05-12

in which the cream of the sopho-
more crop will race. These include
Meadow Farr, No. / 2-year-old of
the year; A B c Freight's Pay
freight. and Clearview Stables Por-
terhouse, all stars of the Laurel
meet
The National Capital colt races,
worth some $4,000, will be held
for 2-year-olds of both gaits May
30-31 and June l.
Rosecroft's inaugural, Friday,
will be the first in a series of trots
worth an aggregate of $4,000. Sat
urday will be Eastern Shore Mite"
with the highlight the $500 har-
ness tracks of America Pace in
which this country's finest 4-year-
olds are entered.
Included here are Del Miller's
potent one-two punch of Countess
Adios and Dancer Hanover; The
Clearview Stables Muncy Han
over and X. ID. Owens Sampson
Direct. All are under 200 stars
with great 1860 records. OF the 81
nominees, ten have paced in 200
or better.
Attractive overnights also are
being set up by racing secretary
Ted Leonard who had so many
horses on the grounds eager for
action that the overflow had to be
handled by Baltimore Raceway.
Milford chronicle., 1961-05-12
Rosecroft Opens
Season This Evening
lcontlnued from page onel

continued from page one)
Post time will be 500 pm, with
the Daily Double closing $40. New
highways and improved road con-
ditions have served to make the
track more easily accessible.
All the big name stables as we'll
as top drivers from coast to coast
will be. on hand. These include
Billy Haughton, eight-time Nation
al champion and first man in
Harness History to account for a
million dollars for his owners; Del
Miller. of Adios Fame, Last Years
Top money winning driver with
1857 ,2S2; Clint Hodgins, of Bye
Bye Byred Fame; Stanley Dancer,
The New Egypt, NJ. Kingpin, and
Eddie Cobb who drives Horse of
the Year" Adios Butler.
Also PHILIPPE Dussault Canadian
Campsion, Alan Myer. Brandywine
Raceway's Kingpin, Frank Erwin,
the man who developed good time
and Bobby Cnerrix, now the lead
ing driver at Yonkers Raceway.
All these stars plus Rosecroft's
1860 leading driver-A local boy
who made good in big way. Dave
Legum. who will campaign a pow
er packed stable of 20; Jack Will
cults, of Wyoming, Del, whose
stable always is sharp and danger
Gus, Big Frank Stafford of Pine
hurst, NC. who drives for the Grey
Brothers, Jumpin' Joe Hylan, Rose
croft's first leading driver, and
many others very well known will
be on hand
Once again Rosecroft is featur-
ing Grand Circuit week during
which time some of the worlds
fastest and best bred colts will
compete. Highlight of the week
MAY 29-June 81 will be the $50
600 (EST.( William e. Miller
Memorial Pace for 3-Year-olds.
Thirty nine still are in nominal
ton. Qualifying trials will be held
May 20, the finals on June 30.
Virtually every big name stable
is represented in the Miller. Among
the speedsters are Irwin Emery's
Star Gen Q:5S.4, fastest 2-year
old PAGER of 1860, and Red Flax,
a $4,000 legum purchase. second
fastest with 1859. In addition, Del
Miller will have five nominees and
Haughton, Five. Also competing
will be CALIFORNIA; champion Hor-
Sc of the Year, Ed Schafer's Lum-
Der Dram.
Besides the Miller, Rosecroft will
stage the $12,500 Governors Cup
for 3-year-old trotters, June End,
Milford chronicle., 1961-05-12
Al Dress Revue For
Georgetown May II
CONTINUED from page one)

continued from page one)
vue and who display a complete
costume will be eligible to partic-
ipate in the State Contest to be
held in June during the All Short
Course at the University of Della
ware.
The annual Dress Revue pro-
vides an opportunity for the girls
who are carrying clothing projects
to show what they have learned in
the project about sewing, good
grooming, accessorizing garments,
and personal poise Every girl is
a winner as she takes part in the
Revue because of the things she
learns.
Miss Janet Reed, Extension
Clothing Specialist, and Mrs. Flor
ence Smith, Kent Home Demon
stration Agent, are in charge of
judging the garments both on and
OFF the maker. Miss Diane Isaacs
of Greenwood won the County
Dress Revue last year.
The public is cordially invited
to attend.
Classified Ads Get Results
Milford chronicle., 1961-05-12
Girl : Ladies OF VIEW
Groups Are Active

CONTINUED from page one)
Clara LaFontaine on May "a, 1861
at eight o'clock.
Six members of Blue Hen Aux
Hilary attended Mondays meeting.
The Ladies Auxiliary to the Vet
Grams of Foreign Wars, District No.
3, held their annual Convention at
the Newnam-Lee-Urban Post Home
in Clayton. on May 4, 1861 Sister
Nora Smith, President, presided.
The meeting was opened at $3.50
pm, with four AuxiIiaries represen
ted, namely Clarence-Vinson Auxi-
liary, two members; Blue Hen
Auxiliary, eight members; Dover
Memorial Auxiliary, fourteen mem
bers, and decentralization Aux.
eight members.
Sister Genevieve Davis, Dover
Memorial Auxiliary No. 1862, was
elected President of the District No.
3 for the term of office 1961-62.
Sister Davis will serve on the
Council of Administration in the De-
partment of Delaware for this term.
Sister Davis is a Past President
of the Dover Memorial Auxiliary
and has served as Secretary for
her Auxiliary for many years. She
has served in the Department of
Delaware as a Color Bearer for
five years and started in the Dis
trict No. as Guard, going all the
way through the chairs to the top
office. Sister Davis is the former
Miss Genevieve Griffith of Milford,
Delaware. She will in installed
with other department officers at
the State Convention to be held in
Rehoboth in June.
Other officers elected at the Dis
trict Encampment were: Sist r
Mildred Hall as Senior Vice Presi-
dent, Sister Marie Williams as Jun
ior Vice President; Sister Hilda
Cannon as Treasurer; Sister Mabel
Glanden as Chaplain; Sister Mil
dred Baxendale as Conductress;
Sister Sadie Voshell as Guard and
Sister Nora Smith as 3 year Trus-
tee.
Appointed officers are, Sister
MARY NONdh as secretary anu the
four Color Bearers and Patriotic
Instructor. These newly elected &
appointed officers were installed by
Sister Florence Viehman as the In
stalling Officer and Sister Mary
Novak as Installing Conductress.
A motion was made by Sister
Hilda Cannon that the District No.
3 go on record to support Sister
Hazel Cirrijione of the Dover Mem
orial Auxiliary No. 1862 as a can
didate for Guard at the State. Con-
vention to be held in June at Re-
hoboth.
The Convention was closed in
accordance with the ritual to re-
open at the call of the new presi-
dent.
A social hour followed the meet
ing. Refreshments were served by
the decentralization Auxiliary
Sister Nora Smith, Immediate Past
President, received a BEAUTIFUL set
of crystal beads and earrings from
the District She will receive a
Past Presidents pin at the State
Convention.