davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-08-20
Non-NucIeor

since World war IL IL mas
been the policy of three ad-
ministrations to save nuclear
weapons for jobs conventional
forces cannot accomplish.
Korea, the Formosa Strait
and Lebanon were handled by
non-nuclear forces. Nuclear
weapons have been saved for
last resort which has not
arrived.
The Kennedy administration
is seeking to increase non-nu-
clear power and thereby post
pone that last resort"
Pentagon experts differ in
their estimates of just when
the allied defense in Europe,
for instance, would have to
shift from conventional to nu-
clear weapons.
Some officers believe that a
massive Communist invasion
could be STAYED off by present
NATO non-nuclear forces for
several weeks. After that time,
if the attacker persisted to the
limits of his strength, the Allies
would have to use nuclear
weapons or be pushed out of
Europe.
Other officers say that NATO
war games show that without
atomic weapons the West could
go down to defeat in a few
days.
However long the West could
have held out last year without
nuclear weapons, it will be able
to hold out longer next year,
if the approved plans for the
new defense buildup are put
into effect on schedule.
The buildup provides for Gre
alton of three new combat di-
visions and the filling out OF
existing understrength units
The three divisions will double
the Army's reserve strength ir
the United States.
Today this country has five
divisions in Europe and three
in reserve-a potential strength
available for Europe of tota
Of eight divisions.
The three new ones, if SEN
to Europe too, could increasC
American strength by abou
one-third or more-more, be-
cause the fighting power anc
mobility of each division anC
its supporting air and grount
forces are being enhanced.
What could that one-thirt
increase be worth?
First of all, if it encourage
Evening star., 1961-08-20

the Allies to increase their
contributions - and admin
stration officials say they ex-
pect it to-then total NATO
strength in Central Europe
could be expanded from to-
days roughly 20 divisions to
35 or more by next january.
So perhaps NATO will have
twice as much strength and
therefore twice as much time
for a non-nuclear defense as
it has potentially today.
The Pentagon experts agree,
however, that the SovietS
would be able to win a large
non-nuclear war lasting sew
eral months or more.
So what good would the ex-
ira time be?
Administration officials say
they cannot say precisely, but
they believe the Nation is safer
in any war if the use of nu-
clear weapons can be post
poned. This will give time fol
negotiations, for the Soviets tc
contemplate the danger Of
continuing.
Also, in smaller non-nuclear
wars over a short time period
the strengthened NATO might
well win.
There are service critics in
the Pentagon, particularly in
the Navy and Air Force, who
say that the time gained by
addition of new non-nucleal
forces will be so small as to be
useless and under some Cir
cumstances might even be
harmful.
They say that the emphasis
on non-nuclear weapons will
only convince the enemy thai
we will never use nuclear arms
And at the same time, they
say, our NATO allies will think
that we plan to buy time fall
ing back across Western Eu-
rope, sacrificing Germany anC
parts of France to the enemy
The reply is that use of nu-
clear weapons will be postponed
only if it can be done without
sacrifice of free world territory
The -nuclear buildup was
spanked by the Berline crisis
but not designed just for tn
defense of West Berlin. In fac
the peculiar situation of Wes
Berlin complicates the Who'll,
defensive problem for the West
To defend" Berlin against
Communist effort to cut it of
or occupy the Western sector
NATO forces would have t.
go on the offensive.
The Berlin garrison, to b
strengthened to about 14,00
Allied soldiers, is essentially al
anti-riot force. 1t could no
hold Western Berlin against
determined Communist often
sive.
To save Berlin, the Allie
Evening star., 1961-08-20
MANAGEMENT

The third great change is
in the area of Mr.. McNa-
mara'S greatest personal COM
petence: management.
AS Mr.. Kennedy's appointed
boss over the armed forces,
Mr.. Mcnamara intends to es-
tablish tight control and keep
it. He was appalled, by the
loosely controlled three-headed
monster that greeted him when
he moved into the Pentagon.
He wants to use his existing
legal power to put the three
heads into common harness
and keep the Army, Navy and
Air Force galloping in the
same direction.
He is doing this by ordering
scattered parts of a single
function concentrated in one
service, by taking a function
away from service direction
and putting it under the con-
troll of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
or his own office, by selecting
civilian subordinateS who are
loyal to him, not to one Serv-
ice. and by breaking down bar
riers between the services.
/ For instance, Mr.. Mcnamara
invited Air Force officials to
join with him and Navy Off
cials in early explorations of
the possibility of extending
production of the Navy's Po-
laris submarine beyond 29
boats.
( More defense changes can
be expected to be launched
this year. A. fourth supple
mentary defense budget is q
possibility, officials say.
But the broad shape OF
things to come is now ap.
parent.
Evening star., 1961-08-20
Escape Artist
Spends Enjoyable
Week in Prison

JACKSON, Mich, Aug. 10
(AP).-Convict Mike Gisondi
was quite well set up for his
eight days of hiding in big
Southern Michigan State
Prison.
When guards discovered his
hideout in the prison cannery
yesterday they made this in
ventory:
Evening star., 1961-08-20

A 12-inch knife, instant cof-
fee, powdered milk, cold pills
nail clippers, soap, towels
candy bars, bread, cheese
spread, jam, pencils, foot pow
der, socks, combs, a drill bit, a
salt shaker and a flaShlight.
The 31-year-old lifer also
had three prison library books,
one by German philosopher
Friedrich Nietzche.
Gisondi, an escape artist in
prison for a holdup murder,
disappeared August 10. There
was a multi-State alert for
him.
Evening star., 1961-08-20

Guards found him when they
noticed an electric light cord
extending from a ceiling fix
ture to a pile of packing boxes.
Behind the boxes Gisondi
was slipping a cup of coffee he
Evening star., 1961-08-20
BY RICHARD FRYKLUND
Star Staff Writer

Ovehauls of the defense structure ordered since the
Kennedy administration took will add up increase
Of about 10 cent in military spending and and
considerable larger increase in actual fighting
Penagon officials the practical results will be more
spectacular than the ut in dollars and because Defense
Evening star., 1961-08-20

had made by putting a hot
wire into the cup. He gave up
quietly, saying:
This is the best week I ever
spent in prison in my whole
life. I enjoyed it thoroughly"
Evening star., 1961-08-20

For. Complete Schedule and Course DeScrip-
tionS, Phone WOodley 6-6803, or Write or Visit
the Director of Admissions, Massachusetts, and
Nebraska AUeS. NV.
Evening star., 1961-08-20

has not been changed, how
yer, according to Pentagon Of
!cials. This may yet come.
Evening star., 1961-08-20
DAY and EVENING CLASSES
Enroll Now! Special TV Course!

San Introduction to the New Testament"
Credit Course. Saturdays, beginning
September 16. Time to be announced.
WMAL-TV-Channel 7
Evening star., 1961-12-10
Continued from poqe I8

My first railroad, under the Christmas
tree, was a three-rail o gauge variety. This
definitely was not prototype, as all model
lobbyists have two-rail equipment; and If
didn't have a time converting beautiful
French-manufactured engine kit from three
rail to two rail! 1t runs beautifully now
thanks to a little reconstruction and some of
my wife's clear nail polish.
The gauge, however, is a subject of con-
siderable controversy. Mine is HO (roughly
inch equals 6 feet of prototype). and l could
not be persuaded to change it. Why? Well,
mainly because there is a much greater
variety of kits to choose from in HO than any
other, it is less expensive, and you can
create layout in better proportion and with
greater illusion of distance with HO scaled
trains and structures in the average space
From an operating viewpoint, my layout
was not designed to follow the prototypes
The plan is to make up a train in the yards
with a switch engine Using the turntable,
which l Scratchbuilt from an old phono-
graph, engines are backed out of the engine
houses and run to couple on to the train.
All yard control is from one control panel.
The train is pulled out onto the main line
and turned over to one Of the other opera
tors. Succeeding trains may be similarly
made up until there are four trains running
and two on sidings. Actually, the restriction
is not the equipment, since the entire layout
is divided into blocks it's the ability of the
operators to control the trains.
There are two control panels In addition
to the yard panel. Each panel has two COM
plete control positions, SO that two people
may operate two separate trains from each
panel. Here they may start, stop, speed up,
slow down, reverse or be switched to sidings.
Believe me, it gets real exciting when two
trains with separate controllers head for a
common crossing at the same time!
Evening star., 1961-12-10

We've taken lot of pains with our land
scaping to give a good illusion Except for
the village, which is concentrated, the layout
is one Of open countryside interspersed with
a river. bridges and tunnels. One farm and
one ranch are the only variations in it. The
operating illusion is further heightened by
the ability to leave trains stopped out of sight
while others are running, then suddenly
bring them back into view. A particularly
good effect is obtained at night with cell
ing spotlight on the yards and all the houses
and barns illuminated from within.
Fortunately. my wife is interested in my
hobby. She not only sacrificed half the attic.
but built from kits and improvisations the
entire village and even made the tiny western
hats for the corral spectators She painted
many Of the cars and applied the decals, and
painted the tiny animals under a microscope.
She works enthusiastically on the landscape,
but all construction and operation are left
to me Imagine what could be accomplished
with a couple of mechanically.minde sons
and cleverfingered and imaginative daugh-
ter or two on your board Of directors
So why don't we let the young folks who
have an interest in this hobby enjoy it all
year round? The ability to construct models,
to plan and build operating layouts, to wire
them for complete panel control is chal-
lenge to begin with and "a satisfaction to
achieve.
Layouts need not be large. l used to have
a 4x6-foot set fully Handicapped with narrow
turning radius engines. My present layout
started out to be portable. too. built it on
open framework sections 3hx4 feet bolted
together. To make the landscape, however.
used screen wire as base with plaster on
top, completely disregarding the joints in my
benchwork. If we ever move again, the lay
out is still portable provided of course, l
take the roof off the house.
SUNDAY THE STAR MAGAZINE. WASHINGTON
Evening star., 1961-03-17

'serviced there, and made ready
to launch.
Key to the economic feas-
ibility of Spaceliner is "recov-
erability," Capt. Truax points
out. The 6OO-foot carcass of
Spaceliner's first stage would
be too costly to use once and
throw away, as is done today
with the biggest space boost
ers. He believes recovery, re-
furnishing and reuse can be
achieved, with parachutes and
backward firing "braking"
rockets bringing it safely to
earth.
Evening star., 1961-03-17
coUTURIER FURs, DOWNTOWN ONLY

Beige Dyed Otter jacket Lovish Natural
Autumn Hozet Mink Collar, Fomous LobeI,
$685.
rloturol Embo Dodemt Mink Sides Coot
romouS LooeI $500"
Block Dyed Persian Lamb Coot, Loroe
Natural ChinehiIIo Collar, Famous Maker,
$685.
Evening star., 1961-03-17
Not Elongated

AS with other big rockets,
the bulkiest portion would be
the fuel tankage for Stage No.
1.-The big "workhorse" rocket
that would lift it off the
ground. Unlike others, how
ever, upper stages would not
be piled on top of Stage /, but
would be clustered alongside.
The paSsenger-vehicle part Of
the assembly would likewise be
situated at the rockets side
rather than at its summit.
The reason for this unusual
arrangement is that if Space
liner were built convention
ally" 1t would be as tall as the
Empire State Building and ex-
tremely unstable.
AS Capt. Truax sees it,
Spaceliner would be launched
Evening star., 1961-03-17
-
Rocket Pioneer Plans
Liner-Sized Spoceship

This is the lost Of O series Of articles
bosed on a tour Of spoce and scien-
tific installations in the Western
port Of the country.
Evening star., 1961-03-17

at sea. fairly close to a major
seaport such as New York or
San Francisco. 1t would be
towed out to sea, fueled and
Evening star., 1961-03-17
To Weigh $4,000 Tons

A sohdly grounded engineer
Capt. TruaX says the only thing
wrong with his prediction
about Spaceliner is that it may
be conservative. There is moth
ing conservative about his de-
sign for Spaceliner, however. AS
he explains it, IT'S a liquid
fuel rocket ship, 800 feet tall,
which would develop 130 mil
lion pounds of thrust and
weigh $4,000 tons, or about half
as much as the liner Queen
Mary"
Just for comparison, the
largest space rocket now under
construction, Saturn, will be
1876 feet tall, develop Is mil
lion pounds Of thrust, and
weight $50 tons. Even the gi-
ant still-unbuilt Nova will be
only 300 feet tall, weighing
about 5000 or 1000 tons.
Obviously. Capt. Truax says,
a super-giant like Spaceliner
could not be launched from a
Cape Canaveral pad. Like con-
Yentional liners Of the Queen
Mary type, water and not land
would be its earthly medium.
"A space vehicle Of this type
would be built in a ship dry
dock and towed out into the
water horizontally" he ex-
plains. Then it would be
brought to a vertical position
by cranes and by flooding a
portion of the launching pom
toon."
Evening star., 1961-03-17
FuRS under s1oO*

3-Skin Natural Mink Scorfs 500"
Brown Dyed Mouton Processed Lamb Jockets Ss4"
Brown Dyed Squirrel Copes and StoIes, $Ss"
Brown Dyed Muskrot Copes and StoIes, $S7"
4Skin Natural Mink Soorfs S94"
4-Skin Natural Baum Morten Scorfs, $s4s
Natural Mouton Processed Lamb s4-Lenoth Coots,
$ss"
NoturoI Blue Fox copes, 500"
3-Skin NoturoI Stone Morten Scorfs, Ss4"
Brown Dyed Northern Bock Muskrot StoIes, double
fur collar, $s7"
loo9o HodIey Cashmere SweoteY with lavish noturo
mink collars, $7s
Evening star., 1961-03-17
BY WILLIAM HINES
star Science Writer

An American rocket pioneer
believes commercial, passenger
carrying spaceShips as big as
ocean liners are not only pos
sible but inevitable.
What is more. retired Navy
Capt. Robert C. Truax says the
need for Sucn leviathans OF
deep space will be felt within
so years. when there will be
permanent colonies on our
moon, Mercury, Venus. Mars
and perhaps on the moons OF
Jupiter and Saturn" He and
: the company he works for are
busy perfecting paper plans for
what Capt. Truax calls the
"Spaceliner."
Evening star., 1961-03-17

Dyed Squirrel Copes and StoIes, large group. $l3s"
Dyed Let Out Muskrot Stoles, $l57"
Dyed Northern Back Muskrot Joekets, $I57"
NoturoI Ranch Mink Copes and StoIes, SIs4'
Natural Pastel Mink Copes and Stoes, $Is4"
4-Skin NoturoI Stone Morten Scorfs, very choice,
SiSs'
Dyed Squirrel Spencer Cope Jockets, $Iss"
Dyed Squirrel LoVlsh SoIes double fur coIIos $lss"
Beige Dyed Sheored Muskrot Jockets, $Is7"
Black Dyed Persion Lamb Jockets $3.50"
Evening star., 1961-03-17
Worked With Goddard

Capt. Truax, a former Wash
ingtonian, is director of ad-
vanced liquid rocket develop
ment for Aerojet- General Corp.
at Sacramento Calf. Virtually
his whole adult life has been
spent on rocket work, which
makes him-at age 43-one of
the grand old men" of rock
etry.
Capt. Truax worked with the
American patron saint of space,
the late DR.. Robert H. Goddard,
at Annapolis in the 30s while
the captain was midShipman.
Later he was named president
of the respected American
Rocket Society and, Just before
his retirement a couple of years
ago. was top Defense Depart
ment adviser on "far-out"
rocket DEVELOPMENT,
Evening star., 1961-03-17
fuRS under 5000

NoturoI Let Out Mink Copes 10 skins, Ranch Mink
or embo Autumn Hoze Mink, sass"
Dyed Squirrel jackets, $3.50"
Dyed Hair SeoI jackets, large mink collars down.
town ond PARkinoton only, $2e7"
Beige Dyed Sheored Muskrot jackets, mink collars
$2s7"
NouroI Mink Paw Jockets S2s7"
Noturol Mink Stoles our famous contour shope $780,
NoturoI Mink Copes and StoIeS including double fur
eolIors, $3.50"
s27s'
Black Dyed Person Lamb Coots, many mink trimmed,
Szss"
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1961-04-21

all ships in and out Of the har-
bor), he was responsible to some
extent for the protection of lives
on wrecked ships in the area.
At Pearl Harbor
When the Japs attacked Pearl
Harbor, he was stationed there
on a hospital ship. the U. S.
Soloce. The ship came out with
out a hit. AS to Johnny's reaction,
he had to confess that his ner-
vous system was jolted consider
ably. He wildly recalls that
morning. December 7. l94l. at
7::50 when forty-seven planes
were shot down.
Through the years he was sta
toned on the Gilbert Islands,
Marshall Islands, Mariana Is
lands and Pearl Harbor. Although
he was in the middle of action, he
was never injured.
Among his collection of medals
are included the Navy Unit
Commendation." Good Conduct,
the Asiatic Pacific Theatre.
American Defense. the Victory
Medal, Nicaraguan Campaign
and the American Theatre.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1961-04-21

With a naval career behind
him. he and his family are an
ticipating a more settled life but
not a stagnant one. Where? At
their new home under construc-
ton in Cumberland county. He
has done a great deal of work on
the house and it must be ready
for occupancy by June. That is
when his wife, Ruth, will retire
as librarian at the Norfolk
Academy, private school for
boys. His daughter, Jeanne, will
transfer to Cumberland High
School.
Since last year Metzger has
maintained bachelor quarters in
a house trailer to oversee the
construction of the new home. He
admits that for a while, the
family will realize few idle hours.
as they plan to put finishing
touches on the home and land
scape the surroundings.
Upon his retirement last year
the family enjoyed cross coun-
try trip to the West Coast.
What phase of farming will he
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1961-04-21
Program Is Planned Sunday
Night At Payne Memorial

Visitors of Mr.. and Mrs. S. P.
Allen and family last Sunday
were Mr.. and Mrs. Paul Caudill
and daughters, Belinda and SUI
san, of Bon Air.
Mr.. and Mrs. c. r. Westman.
enroute to their home in Fort
Walton, Fla. accompanied by
Mrs. c. D. Westman and Mrs.
Powell. of Norfolk. were recent
dinner guests of Miss Fannie T..
and j. T. Foster. Jr.
MIR. and Mrs. Charlie Good
man had as their dinner guests
last Sunday Mr.. and Mrs. Guth-
rie Goodman and daughters,
Jane Milton and Martha Ann.
of Amelia.
Mr.. and Mrs. G.. G. Wilkinson
accompanied by their week end
guest. George Ernest ClulcW. of
the Patuxent Naval Air Station,
Md, spent the day Sunday in
Chesterfield guests of Mr.. and
Mrs. E verett Tompkins and
family.
Sandra Lewis spent few days
in Richmond last week. She was
accompanied home Sunday by
her mot her, Mrs. Allen
Gregory and Mr.. and Mr.. j. A.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1961-04-21

Talley. Other guests of Mr.. and
Mrs. j. j. Pembelton were Mr..
and Mrs. f d e Bates. of
Amelia.
Mr.. and Mrs. R. B. Peters
celebrated the sixteenth birth
day anniversary of their daugh-
ter. Judy. Saturday April Is.
with a dinner for eight OF her
classmates. followed by a bowl
ing party in Farmville.
Rev. and Mrs. Trueman R.
Tremble with their son. Rennie.
visited Mr.. and Mrs. Gary Ed
ward Tyree in Richmond Sum
day.
Mr.. and Mrs. L. B. Dandy
spent the past week end at Shen-
andoah as guests of Mrs. Nancy
Newton. While there they visi-
ted the Luray Caverns includ-
ing the Car and Carriage Cara
van and attended the recital at
the Luray Singing Tower.
Among the recent guests Of
Mr.. and Mrs. j. c. Hayes were
Mr.. and Mrs. Carter Taylor and
daughter, Yvonne, of Hampton.
and Mr.. and Mrs. E. Glen HAYES
and daughters, Elizabeth and
Clara, of Buckingham, c. H.
Mrs. James S. Godsey and the
Misses Janet and Page Godsey
were guests of Mrs. Godsey's
mother, Mrs. Vincent c. Tate, of
SAKE, last Sunday.
Mrs. Elsie B. McGavock. ac-
! companied by her brother, Will
ton Brown, of Fishersville. at
tended the funeral Sunday of
Walter L. Allgood in Chase City.
Mrs. w. F.. Ransom will be
leader for the MAY fourth meet
ing of the Fitzgerald Baptist
Woman's Missionary Society to
be held in the church at Bpm.
Mr.. and Mrs. j. T. Midyette
had as their guests at North
field Saturday and Sunday Mr..
and Mrs. Lawrence Baldwin and
their son, of New York City.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1961-04-21

CUMBERLAND. April 20 = A
program entitled, II Do Make
a Difference" with the Misses
Betty Carol and Nancy Keller
in charge. will be presented Sun
day, April %, at 7 pm. in the
Payne Me mortal Methodist
church. Three problems will be
discussed by Nancy Keller. Billy
Horst and Rennie Tremble. The
regular church service will fol-
low at 8 conducted by the pas
tor. Rev. Trueinan R. Trem-
BILE.
Miss Joyce Ransom. of Rich
mond. spent the week end here
with her parents, Mr.. and Mrs.
w. F. Ransom. She was accom-
panied by her cousin. Cynthia
Joyce.
Relatives and friends of Mrs.
J. P. Clements are distressed to
learn of the seriousness of her
condition caused by fall last
Monday. Mrs. Clements, who is
SO years old. sustained a broken
leg and is patient at Southside
Community Hospital.
Mr.. and Mrs. l.. w. Foster
visite Mr.. and Mrs. Paul
Meredith and Mrs. Lola Wheeler
in Richmond Sunday.
Visitors Of Mr.. and Mrs. Or
burn Speas Sunday afternoon
were Mr.. and Mrs. C. E. Brad
shaw. of Powhatan.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. A. Atkinson,
Of Crewe, we're visitors Sunday
of his brother and sister-in-laW
Mr.. and Mrs. H. G. Atkinson.
A large number from Fitz-
gerald Baptist church will at
tend the annual Sunday School
convention of the James River
Association April 30. The meet
ing will be held on Mt. Zion
church beginning at 1870 am.
Following the morning program
a box lunch will be served on
the grounds and the program
continued in the afternoon.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1961-04-21
Bob Fulcher
Repeats Win
AS Newscaster

BoB Fulcher. program and
news director Of Station WPUV
Radio at Pulaski, won a second
place award in the annual Vir-
ginia Associated Press statewide
competition Of radio Newscaster.
This is the third consecutive
year that he has won an award
in state competition for non
metropolitan stations.
The ward was presented
April IA at the Associated Press
Broadcasting and Telecasting
News Banquet at the National
Press Club in Washington, D. c.
The presentation was made by
U. S. Senator A. Willis Robert
son.
Fulcher is the son of Mrs.
Blanche J. Fulcher, of Farm
vile, and is a graduate of Farm
vile High School and Pathfinder
School Of Radio and Television
Washington, D. c.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1961-04-21
:lhrocik

Mr.. and Mrs. Laddie Hughes
and children, of Roanoke, visited
his parents, Mr.. and Mrs. J. b.
Hughes, Sunday. Mr.. Hughes at
tended the Myluln Addleman
wedding.
Mr.. and Mrs. A. H. Fowler,
Jr., and Mrs. Morton Rice at
tended the Mylum Addleman
wedding in Cumberland, Sunday
afternoon.
Miss Nancy Throckmorton, of
Sprouse's orner. spent the week
end with Lou SWalley.
Mr.. and Mrs. Leonard Slayton
and Clarence Slayton, Of Dowdy' s
Corner, visited Mr.. and Mrs. Carl
Slayton in Lynchburg. Sunday.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1961-04-21

devote his time? At his point
he is undecided. He is Investigate
ing numerous enterprises but his
time and thoughts now are de-
voted entirely to the completion
of the home that will grace the
acreage of Anchors Down, y
the name of his farm.