davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Kodiak mirror., 1961-10-13
TideIands Titles
 Under Discussion

Tidelands may prove a knotty problem in Kodiak, according to City Manager Bill Poland.
 A bill from Hubbell & Waller for the balance owed the firm for an engineering survey on the tide lands was presented. The firm had been paid a total of $2,326.62 on a $9,997 bill. The Council voted to pay half of the $7,671 balance.
 It was impossible to make pro- vision in the budget for payment of this account, according to Pc land. Survey costs, he said, will be divided and borne by tidelands owners. This may take about year or even more before tidelands ac- quisition can be made.
 Poland stated it was impossible for residents facing tidelands to acquire the land. Certain improve ments which existed prior to 1857 are the only ones considered by the State.
Kodiak mirror., 1961-10-13
Iirrored Reflections
By SIG DECREE

ian, who has rats very much on his mind these days. He'd just as soon they be wiped out right now with out fattening up on garbage he sees around. He says some people are pretty careless about leaving gar bage can lids off-a great conven- fence for the rats.
 *
 One could write endlessly about rats and the damage they do, what to do to control them, etc, etc, but here are a few terse statements made by Carter, which offer much
Kodiak mirror., 1961-10-13

Did you know that each rat in this town costs you $20 year? We don't mean any two-legged variety who might come to your mind, but the four-legged kind that come into town about this time of year. They seem to consult their calender, or what ever it is that rats get the word from to move into warmer places with winter just around the corner
 What started this unpleasant train of thought was a visit from Harry E. Carter, District Sanitar-
Kodiak mirror., 1961-10-13
ASC Adds Ship

Not all freight destined for Ko- diak will arrive on the my Tata- lima, which is scheduled in Kodiak Oct. 19, according to Lou Veerman, Alaska Steamship agent here.
 Veerman stated there was an overflow of cargo for the Tatalina trip this time. The added freight will be brought here via the my Tonsina leaving Seattle Oct. IA and arriving here Oct. 21. The ship will call at Women's Bay also.
Kodiak mirror., 1961-10-13
Small Boat Harbor Use Taxes Facilities

to canneries and possible users as to number of boats, size, etc, to de- termine additional facilities need ed. The State is expected to have S75,0OO to $1O0,O0O available for SBH use by June, 1862.
 Poland said the City is working on a method of preventing ice for nation in the harbor.
Kodiak mirror., 1961-10-13
HINCKELs IN KETCHIKAN

MT. and Mrs. Jack Hinckel are in Ketchikan this week, attending the Alaska State Chamber of Con- merce Convention being held there.
 Jack Hinckel is representing the Chamber of Commerce here as a delegate.
Kodiak mirror., 1961-10-13

food for thought: Rats cause sick ness and death; rats destroy prop erty; rats and mice contaminate food; rats and mice breed rapidly cause damage in a short time; rats chew electrical wiring and cause fires. He hit sore spot when he hit the pocketbook with: ''Each rat costs you about $2O per year."
 Carter went on to say he took a trip with the garbage truck around Kodiak and said he was surprised to find out that about a third of our citizens are somewhat negli-
 Continued on Page Al
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-01

cavalry regiment was SO much incensed by
these outrageous acts Of vandalism that he
compelled the miscreants to suspend their
villainous work at the point of pistol .
The fort" on MunsOns Hill find to be
perhaps 800 yards long. in the circuit of its
parapet, the whole being nothing more than
infantry breastwOrks, having. however a
rather formidable Quaker gun, in the
shape Of an ash log with dab of black paint
at the butt to represent the muzzIe. Such
other and more valuable guns as they may
have had there had been carefully removed
by the Confeds when they withdrew their
pickets previously. At the earthwork to the
rear of MunSon's Hill, the retreating Con-
federates had left six sections Of stove pipe
mounted in the six embrasures; and some
rather formidablelOoking( tat a distance)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-01

was lined with visitors in carriages. on horse
back and on foot, pushing boldly along to
get a close look at the much talked of emf
nence.
Among the visitors just leaving as ar
rived was Secretary IOf STATED Seward
The New York Thirty.seventh regiment
was in occupancy Of the hill at least such
portion Of the regiment as was not struggling
around the neighbOrhoOd committing depre-
datiOns. The deeds Of this regiment done
on yesterday will doubtless receive an in,
vestigatiOn at the hands Of Gen Mcclellan
They were certainly OF the most disgraceful
character Several dwellings, with barns and
OuthOuses, were set on fire and wholly con-
sumed. Valuable furniture. pianos. large
mirrors, feather beds. &c, were destroyed
wantOnly and in one instance the officer of a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-01

A LOYALTY toward WaShingtOn'S own" expressed
n at opportunity though the city hardly
had time to develop a loyalty to ITSELF
"A WASHINGTON DEBUTANTE.- Miss Josephine Chestney
young lady the daughter of clergyman holding
Washington having formed the determination
for the stage came time this city placed herself
under the tuition Of Mrs Maeder to make her debut
before the public beginning the Capital probably the Pres
dent Cabinet and the Staff Cheney
had the advantage good education
this she has youth good looks and training reading and deca
nation. IN Y Tribune, Sept
The subject of the above extract from the Tribune
in the most refined society Of the Federal Metropolis
most intelligent beautiful and popular membersa young lady
possessing the first order of talents including qucness
Of apprehension that will the pro-
fessOna path she has chosen for herself
Miss CheStne intention make
Washington In city will she warmly welcomed than
here where the greater part childhood
is so wellknown and is much admired "
cegymdns daughter taking stage haze shocked
Impulses Of proper reflected in poem
published during the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-01

earthwOrks upon Munson's Hill proved, on
the occupation of that point by our troops,
to be just about of the same bogus nature.
The dummy cannon derived their
name from the fact that the Quaker re-
hgiOtS sect opposes taking a human life
in or out Of OdT. MeGniOhiLe, The Star
interpreted events in this reasonable
fashion.
General Mcclellan remained on this side
Of the river this forenoon which means, we
take it, that he, at least does not believe it to
be the enemy's purpose speedily to attack
his advanced positions.
NEXT SUNDAY: A HerO's Name
Reappears
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-01
THE BRAVE AT HOME.

The maid 'OhO binds her warriors sash,
Rith smile that cell her pain dissembIes,
The aOhiie beneath her dropping lash
One starry tear drop hangs Gnd irembLes,
Tho heaven alone records the tear,
Had Fame shall HeVer kaOsV her story.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-01

Color'S always been-and
always will be-one Of the
most important things to
consider in buying uphol-
stored furniture. If you're
in a "step-up" house (if you
plan to buy a bigger home
fairly Soon), remember to
look for a color that will go
with many color schemes.
If you plan to stay put,
buy the color that's just
right for where the piece
will go-and forget how it
would look somewhere else!
But fuFniture's more than
color. Look for comfort,
too furniture filled with
"DACRON"* pOlyester fl
berfill. It is so resilient -.
keeps its shape so we'll =.
gently pumps back! CuSh-
ioning of "Dacron" f1berf1ll
is comfortable, lightweight,
cool, odorleSS, non-aller-
genie.
And this is important,
too: It's easy to care for.
It's lint-free, reSiStS dam
age from beverages and
cleaning fluids, isn't af-
fected by moths.
NOUS a good time to get
a look at the latest in smart
furniture cushioned with
"Dacron", at Peerless Fur
niture Co., $40 Seventh st.
N. w. and 4433 Connecticut
Ave. Here you can think in
pink or glory in green
while you choose color from
one of Americas largest
displays of modern furni-
ture-color with the plus of
''Dacron" fiberill.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-01

Her heart has shed a drop as
As eUer deWed the field Of sLOsy.
The SUJe OhO grds her usbonds sOord
Mid little sUhO Ueep
lind bT0Uey speaks the cheering word,
WhGi tho her heart be
Doomed nightly in her dreams to hear
The bolts Of him rattle,
Has she'd as sacred blood
Vas poured upon the plain of battle.
Ihe mother WhO cOHcenb her
While to her breast hers presses
Then breaches a JeW brave COrd and brief
Kissing the patriot brOW she bIesses
With but her God
To kIOW the pain thG Ueighs upon her
Sheds holy blood e er he cd
Received on Freedoms field of hOnOr..
The arts and patriotism GIsDavs earthv con-
sideTdtonS around
BLOCKADING THE SIDEWALKS dangerous practice of
delivering by
on the sidewalk has been resumed
weeks Sometimes the bOckaded standing
upon them and loaded
DOORS oockadng the entire causing
and sexes to take the cutters and
lady 70 stumbled heap wood
on street. between Thirteenth streets
where the wood had scattered
very seriously injured and confined
Evening star., 1961-08-13

membership negotiations go, there
is a possibility that the Common
wealth wheat producers, partic-
ularly Canada and Australia, would
also gain a preference or ad-
vantage over United States wheat
in the British market.
This valuable export outlet for
American food and fiber can be
maintained and even expanded If
there is adherence to the letter
and the spirit of the general
agreement on tariffs and trade.
These Common Market Outer
Seven countries, like the United
States, are signatories to the
agreement, generally referred to
as GAIT. This agreement, entered
into freely and willingly by all sig
natories, spells out liberal pol
icy. 1t is aimed at expanded world
trade on a multilateral, non-dis-
criminatory basis, at moderate
levels of tariffs, not only for in
dividual countries, but also for
customs unions, such as the Com
mon Market. It provides that in
the formation of customs union
the overall level of protection shall
not be any higher than it was in
the member countries prior to the
formation of the union.
However, under current Com
mon Market proposals, a number
of important United States farm
products would be subject to pro-
tective devices of one type or an
other. For example, proposed un-
limited variable import levies on
grains, pork, poultry. and eggs
would make it impossible for
fixed levels of protection to be
negotiated. In the case of some
commodities for which fixed tar
ifs are proposed, special market
regulations, preferences for over
seas or associated territories, and
quantitative emergency restric-
tions are planned. Fixed tariffs on
some other products would be set
at unduly high levels. These plans
can only be described as trade re-
Evening star., 1961-08-13

"Since this understanding may
prove to be persuasive precedent
Of what the Constitution means
until it is amended or other ac-
tion is taken, I would favor that
the present administration follow
it. Cumulative precedents of this
kind may be valuable In the
future"
Cumulative Precedents
just as President Tyler started
a series of cumulative prece-
dents" that have established be-
yond question today the principle
that the Vice President becomes
President upon the death Of q
President-even If it isn't what
the trainers Of the Constitution
had in mind. Except that records
of the Constitutional Convention
and ratifying debates support the
Kennedy -Brownell- Rogers view.
The new precedent road plowed
by the EiSenhower-Nixon and the
Kennedy johnson agreements is
aimed at averting the possibility
of power vacuum in the White
House at a time of international
crisis demanding prompt presi-
Dental action.
When President Woodrow Will
son lay i'll for months after World
War I. Vice President Marshall
held back from attempting to ex-
ercise the powers and duties of the
President for fear that he would
be regarded as "usurper." The
same situation applied to Vice
President Arthur during the long
period that President Garfield lay
fatally wounded by an aSsasSin's
bullet.
In the absence of any agreement
to the contrary, it was felt then
that the precedent of a Vice Pres
ident becoming President upon the
death of President might be ex-
tended to cases of temporary pres
idential disability.
Evening star., 1961-08-13
Summer
Scene

The Senate on Wednesday
voted SO to IL to confirm
Lawrence J. O'Connor's appoint
nlent to the Federal Power
Commission after a three-day
talking spree by Senator Prox-
ssnire, Democrat Of Wisconsin.
As the Washington spring brings
out crocuses, its late summer
produces filibusters.
Last week as the end appeared
In sight (early September ad-
journment is a possibility the
eth Congress was treated to
The sight and sound of a Senator
going through all the motion Of
the talkathon. Senator Proxmire.
DEMOCRAT of Wisconsin, was riled
over the nomination of Lawrence
J. o'connor. Texas oil industry
Evening star., 1961-08-13
BY HAROLD ID. COOLEY

American agriculture Is watch
ing with mixed emotions recent
Common Market developments in
Europe. United States farmers.
like most people in this countr''.
feel that the Free World would
strengthened by close econo
and political ties among all tic
Western European countries. At
the same time they fear-with
some reason-that United States
agricultural exports to Western
Europe will be greatly reduced if
present Common Market trade
proposals become effective.
For American farmers the
stakes are big.
In 1860, United States farm
product exports to the six. Com
mon Market countries-France,
West Germany. Italy, Belgium, the
Netherlands, and Luxembourg
had value Of $1.1 billion.
Now there is possibility of
merger between the Common Mar
ket and members of the rival Out
er Seven group-the United King
dom, Norway. Sweden, Denmark,
Switzerland, Austria, and Portu-
gal. Our farm product exports to
these seven countries in 1860
amounted to $700 million.
Exports to Market Areas
Altogether, then, exports to the
Common Market-Outer Seven
countries last year amounted to
$1.8 billion, or about 40 per cent
of our total agricultural ship
ments. These prosperous countries
provide an outlet for the bulk Of
our commercial agricultural ex-
ports for dollars. Many important
commodities are involved, in
cluding cotton, tobacco. wheat,
feed grains, fats and oils, poultry
products, and fruits.
A few days ago Prime Minister
Macmillan announced the decision
of the British government to seek
full membership in the Common
Market. At the same time it was
announced in Geneva that other
members of the Outer Seven group
would also seek membership or
association with the Common
Market.
Mr.. Macmillan referred to nego-
tiations which must take place
before merger can be effected. He
noted that the negotiations must
recognize the needs of British
agriculture, the Commonwealth,
and other members of the Outer
Seven.
Unless present protectionist pro-
posals with respect to farm prod
ucts are modified. membership Of
the United Kingdom in the Com
mon Market would have further
serious implications for American
agriculture.
Exomple Of Wheat
For example. wheat now enters
the United Kingdom duty free.
But U. K. membership in the
Common Market would mean the
imposition by the U. K. of an
unlimited variable import levy on
wheat. France, of course, as a
wheat Dr0ducer and Common
, Market partner, would get first
crack at the British wheat busi-
ness. France would export wheat
to Britain on a duty-free basis,
but the United States would not.
And depending upon the way
Evening star., 1961-08-13
BY GARNETT d. HORNER
g.. Star staff Writer

All seven American Vice Presi-
dents who have succeeded to the
Presidency when death struck
down q President really shouldn't
Shaye It they should have been
known as Acting Presidents"
l5a..That Is one of the fascinating
historical sidelights turned up by
Attorney General Robert F. Ken
nedy in research leading to his
opinion that the Vice President
should become Acting President"
in case of the temporary dis
ability Of q President.
But in the case Of the death of
% President. John Tyler set a
precedent when he took the presi-
DENTAL oath and was generally
recognized as President after the
death Of President William Henry
Harrison in 184l.
The principle laid down by Ty-
Aer- has been followed by six other
Vice Presidents upon the death of
the President in office-the latest
being President Harry s. Truman
when he became President i'm
mediately after the death of Pres
tdent Franklin D. Roosevelt.
.s although President Tyler's ac-
tipn might readily have been
questioned had historical mate
rails on the Constitution franz
ers' intent been at hand, the fact
Eemains that it has been relied on
for the proposition that the Vice
President becomes President when
the elected President dies "a
proposition scarcely to be uues-
TONED today" Attorney General
Kennedy concluded.
Acting Presidents
nz'Much Of the historical material
that could have made the Tyler
Action questionable is the same as
celied upon by the Attorney Cen
eral-and his two immediate pre-
decessors in that office-to sup
port their conclusion that a Vice
President should become Acting
President" during the temporary
disability Of a President, and turn
the office back to him upon his
recovery.
= These legal opinions are the
basis for the agreement an
bounced Thursday between Presi-
dent Kennedy and Vice President
johnson upon how Mr.. johnson
would become Acting President"
fn the event of Mr.. Kennedy's in
ability to perform his duties and
exercise the powers and duties
Of the office" until President
Kennedy informed him the in
ability had ended.
Their agreement is identical to
nne. announced on March 8, 1858,
between former President Eisen-
hover and former Vice President
Nixon. ..
Referring to the Eisenhower
Nixon agreement, Attorney Gen.
eral Kennedy wrote in his formal
opinion to his brother:
Evening star., 1961-08-13
SUCCEEDING TO THE PRESIDENCY -
! The Legal Argument for an Acting President

The big constitutional question
is whether when q Vice President
takes over the powers and duties
of a President unable to perform
them temporarily he in fact be-
comes President, permanently
ousting the man elected President
even if he RECEIVERS, or whether
he becomes Acting President" and
must turn the office back to a
recovered President.
Constitutional Question
The Eisenhower Nixon and
Kennedy johnson agreements,
backed up by the formal opinions
Of their Attorneys General that
such action is in line with what
the trainers of the Constitution
meant, is that the Vice President
acting as President must turn
back the office whenever the all
ing President tells him his Gin
ability had ended"
The wording of the Constitu-
ton on this point is not precise.
Article II, Section l, clause 6,
says: I'm case Of the removal of
the President from Office. or of
his Death, Resignation. or Inabil-
ity to discharge the Powers and
Duties of the said office, the
Same shall devolve on the Vice
President -. -"
Does "the same" refer back to
the office of President, or to the
powers and duties?
Attorney General Kennedy's 37-
page formal opinion that it is only
the powers and duties" that de-
volve on the Vice President tenn
porarily in case the inability of a
President to discharge them is
based largely on records of the
Constitutional convention show
ing, to his satisfaction, that this
is what the men who wrote the
document meant.
Without dispute" he wrote,
Article II, Section /, clause s,
nowhere expressly provides. that
the Vice President shall under any
circumstances become President.
Had the trainers of the Con-
stitution intended the Vice Presi-
dent in certain contingencies to
become President, they would
NOT have been at a loss for
words"
An Earlier Droft
A draft Of a proposed constitu-
ton presented to the convention
on May 30, 1887, by Charles
Pinckney provided that in event
of the Presiden removal
through impeachment, death, res
ignation or disability "the Presi-
dent of the Senate shall exercise
the duties Of his office until an
other President is chosen :"
This was the only one of several
first drafts presented to the con-
vention that referred specifically
to presidential disability. 1t was
referred to a Committee on Detail.
On August 6, 1887, the account
compiled by Attorney General
Evening star., 1961-08-13
Common Market Dangers to U. S.

strictive rather than trade expan-
sive.
United States tobacco producers
are deeply involved in the effects
of these plans.
Tobacco Is Involved
Under Common Market rates
now proposed, the duty on practi-
cally all imports Of United States
leaf tobacco, because of higher
quality and prices, would be at the
maximum level equivalent to
1871 cents a pound. But most to-
bacco imports from other compet-
ing areas would be assessed the
minimum rate - 1872 cents. This
is difference of about six cents
in favor of competing leaf. This
differential, plus the fact that to-
bacco from associated overseas
territories can enter duty free,
could cause the United States to
lose as much as so per cent of its
sales to Common Market countries.
1t is important to remember in
this connection that in 1860 the
Common Market countries bought
1856 million pounds of United
States tobacco equal to 81 per cent
Of total United States tobacco ex-
ports.
British membership could mean
increased competition for other
commodities exported by the
United States. Tobacco is one of
those commodities. British men,
bership could well mean the gain
ing of Common Market prefer
ence for the flue-cured tobacco
produced by Rhodesia, Canada,
and India-the three largest flue-
cured competitors of this country.
Preferential treatment to the
Commonwealth also would sharp
ly reduce United States fruit ex-
ports.
The United Kingdom is our
largest single overseas market for
farm products. But the other six
countries of the Outer Seven
group are, in the aggregate, i'm
portant to us as customers. Their
membership or association in the
Common Market-under present
agricultural protection plans -
would mean more problems for
U. S. farmers.
The U. SIS Aims
The American Government Is
seeking actively to protect the
legitimate interests of United
States farmers. Representations
have been made repeatedly to en-
phasize our position in the case of
tobacco, feed grains, poultry,
fruit, and other commodities. We
have taken advantage of every op-
portunity to drive home the i'm
portance of the export market to
our agricultural economy.
The United States has not been
unreasonable in its requests for
fair play from the Common Mar
ket. We want to be able to sup
port the Common Market whole
heartedly. 1t has great potential
for good. To the extent that the
Common Market promotes in
creased levels of economic activity
in Western Europe. higher
standard of living will result. With
that improved living standard will
come increased demands for farm
products. What we as an export
ing nation seek and have right
to expects access to and share
of the expanding market. That is
in accord with the. spirit Of the
general agreement on tariffs and
trade