davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-01-09
Not Too Soon to Stort

There is evidence Of vitality In the
behavior Of the Republican Party lead
ership that should be encouraging to the
more than "a million voters who sup
ported the @. o. P. at the polls last
November. It has been clear, In fact, that
the party showing on that occasion
with It's gains In Congress and only the
harrowest Of defeats In the presidential
race-has been more stimulating than
depressing to the top command, and it
Is with spirit Of justifiable optimism
that planning for 1862 already has
started.
:. The beginning made by the Repub-
Hean National Committee here last week
Is q promising one. In four areas it has
delegated to so-called task forces the
Job Of developing more effective tech
niques, or establishing safeguards, for
The campaign two years hence. At the
top Of the list, quite properly, Is that Of
improving. the party's big-city organiza-
tions and effortS-an, area In which the
Democrats rolled up massive majorities
In many Of the bigger Industrial States
with their large electoral votes. To head
this undertaking, the committee picked
one Of its ablest organizers, Ohio State
Chairman Ray Bliss. Mr.. Bliss not only
knows the problem, he licked 1t last fall
through careful and intensive organiza-
tion work that carried Ohio into the
Republican column.
Means Of assuring heavier Republic
can registrations, Of guarding against
either fraud or error in vote counting,
and q campaign to have States adopt a
model election law are other areas to be
studied by party subcommittee. It has
been evident In recent years, for ex-
ample, that intensive Democratic regis
tration efforts supported Ia many In
dustrial centers by labor unions have
paid good dividends on election days.
Many things, Of course. bear upon
the voting mood in any election year.
It has been demonstrated often enough,
however, that success In politics requires
full time attention to the fundamen-
tails Of research and Organization
point stressed by Mr.. Nixon. Compared
to their Democratic opposites, Repub-
4icans have been accused Of relative dis
interest In this requirement. Of continu-
!ousr painstaking work. National Chair
man Morton and his COMMITTEES col
leagues sound as II they mean business
in this case. II so, their reward could be
large the next time the Nations votes
iare counted. 10
Evening star., 1961-01-09

@. Where did Lily Pons
first appear in opera?-H. 8.
A. In 1923 she was intro
duced in Delibes' ''Lakine"
in The Opera House at Null
house in Alsace, and there
after she appeared in small
opera houses in eighteen
French cities. In 1880, she
had an addition at the
Metropolitan Opera House in
New York City and was i'm
mediately signed to . five
year contract. She made her
Metropolitan debut on Janu-
ary 3. 1881, in "Lakme."
Evening star., 1961-01-09
Embottied Democrat

David Hume's resignation
as Treasurer Of the Demo-
cratic Party in Maryland does
not mean that his voice win
be silenced In the political
forum. A transplanted Texan.
he has brought to Maryland
politics the kind Of civic
fearlessness that character
lied the great anti-secession-
LIST governor Of Texas. Sam
Houston.
Mr.. Hume's almost single
handed war ON the powerful
slot machine interests. which
threaten to corrupt both
political parties in the State.
has gained him numerous
bufets and bruises. He and
his family have been sub
jected to o campaign Of abuse
by telephone. Wrath among
party wheelhorses has waxed
hot, and the Governor, in,
his annoyance, has accepted
the Hume resignation with
out regret"
A prophet is not without
honor except in his own
country. and it Is understand
able that Gov. Tawes and
other politicians Of pedestrian
imagination do not appreciate
o man who has brought to
the Maryland political scene
the outlook Of the humani-
tartan and the scholar. and
who is both thinker and man
Of action. Like some Of the
political leaders in the early
days Of the Republic, Hume
Is q farmer and lawyer who
reads widely and who is
sensible to all Of the great
political. social and economic
issues Of his time. He has
made his farm Q model Of
good conservation practices
and has looked out for the
interests Of his fellow Mary
landers as Q member Of the
State Board Of Natural Re-
sources.
Mr.. Hume Is o politician In
the tradition Of the late Sen
ator George Norris, whose
civic courage. has become
almost legendary. He has o
distinguished record as q sub
marine commander In World
War II and In the Korean
War. I venture to predict
that the attempted ostra-
cism by party colleagues who
lack his vision, boldness and
compassion viii backflre. and
Mr.. Hume will before long be
given the recognition that he
50 decidedly merits.
Lucille ID. SissOn.
Evening star., 1961-01-09
Answers Kremlin

Foreign Minister Andrei
Gromyko told the Supreme
Soviet o week or so ago that
the Soviet Union wanted to
improve relations with the
United States. Now the news
paper Soviet Russia, citing
supporting foreign press COM
ment, demands that Presi.
dent-elect Kennedy reply.
As Mr.. Kennedy win be
unable to make an ofilcial re-
sponse as President until
January 20. may zone Of the
least Of these" make Q re-
sponse. as Q common Ameri-
can. In lieu Of an ofiicial
statement2
The answer TO better rela-
tions Il not with Mr.. KEN
nedy. It is with the Russians.
Every American life has been
affected by what they have
done here and all over the
world, and this common citi-
zen Is getting tired Of it. It
is not solely o matter between
Mr.. Kennedy and the Rus
SLAMS. It IL between the Rus
SLAMS and all Of US.
II the Russians will pull
their venomous subversives
OF the American hack. II
they win cease distorting the
politically emotional fabric Of
student life In American high
schools and colleges. II they
win quit agitating labor dis
turbances and race antag-
onisnS here, II they viii
quit underwriting Latin
meriean n revolutions and
supplying arms TO rebels as
they are now doing in Cuba.
In Algeria. In the Congo and
Ghana. In Laos, II they win
cease sending "technicians"
to direct the massacres Of
decent, liberty-loving patriots
Of all lands - then Russian
relations with America prob
ably viii be improved.
Any time the Russians
want to become decent hu-
man beings. their relations
with the United States and o
lot Of other countries will be
improved and they won't
have to agitate for II.
II they don't: II we must.
wen nght!
Earl L. Shuts.
Evening star., 1961-01-09
Our Election System

In o letter to The Star
Walter B. Haislip takes ex-
ception to the Founding
Fathers making the provision
in the United States Consti-
tuition that: Each State shall
appoint In such manner as
the Legislature may direct Q
number Of electors" who shall
elect the President Of the
United States. He seems to
think the legislatures Of the
various States have the right
to abdicate powers given them
or delegate them to others
who operate not as an organ
Of the State, and who may be
holding an ofiice Of trust or
profit under the United States
(which includes the pafticu-
Lar State he represents)
which the Constitution for
bids.
Mr.. Haislip argues that
with mass media Of today.
the people themselves are
capable Of. knowing which
candidate is the more capable
Of performing duties as Presi-
dent and able to Withstand
superficial or real pressures
extraneous to the decision.
and recommends o constitu-
tional amendment to give the
masses power to pick their
President. However. he does
say: II leave to others more
competent to Judge these
matters" what form the
amendment should take. Why
does he not rely on the judg-
ment Of the Founding Faith
ers who have been proven
more competent to judge IN
such matters? How can the
selection Of our Presidents be
placed-as he says-"a little
nearer to the people" than to
place 1t In the hands Of the
peoples State legislatures as
the Constitution provides for
that body to appoint electors?
David Lawrence asks
whether we should "adopt q
modified form Of the parlia-
mentary system or modernize
our electoral system" in
choosing q President. Why
should we do either? What is
the matter with the Consti-
tutional system provided 1t
is strictly adhered to in the
spirit and intent Of that doc
ument and as accepted by
Washington, Adams. Jeffer-
son, Madison. Monroe? The
United States is not a de-
mocracy, but is ruled by
elected officials VINO represent
the people. The phrase "of
Evening star., 1961-01-09

the people. by the people and
for the people" does not ap-
pear in its Constitution.
Lincoln's use Of 1t surely
meant 'by consent Of the
governed" which does ap-
pear In our law Of the land,
which Is the Constitution,
and stands aS such until
amended by consent Of Q
number Of States Of the
Union. The government Ii by
the people delegating powers
to those they elect. In the
case Of the State legislatures.
who are elected. the people
through them elect their
President by investing power
to appoint the electors who
shall elect their President.
What could be more in
keeping with their Constitu-
ton?
6. Charlescraft.
Evening star., 1961-01-09

Animals OF nightmare are
the pogonophora.
They are creatures without
mouths, digestive systems,
excretory organs or means Of
breathing Of any sort. They
are absolutely unique In the
animal kingdom in which
they constitute the latest
proposed major subdivision.
They are worms, or worm
like creatures. Their relation
to any other animal group is
unknown.
For the most part they are
confined to the deepest sea
floors, although q few species
have migrated to medium
depths and even into offshore
waters.
They could be described as
long, very slender worms,
ranging in length from four
to IA inches with diameters
Of less than q 25th Of an
inch. They settle on the sea
bottom and secrete fairly
close-fittirig tubes around
themselves. These tubes are
built UP from year to year so
that generally they are made
up Of several joints. They are
based In the ooze Of the sea
floor and stand very straight.
They might be mistaken for
stems Of white grass"
Lifetime Habitat
The longest known, secreted
by a pogonophora about Il
inches long, is nearly five
feet tall. Within these tubes
Of their own making, the
worms pass their entire lives,
presumably crawling UP and
down at will. The tubes are
composed Of a material known
as tunicin, somewhat like
the cellulose Of plants, which
is secreted by relatively few
other sea animals.
The pogonophora unques-
tionably are real animals.
They have tiny brains, are
differentiated into two sexes,
and lay eggs-up to 80 at q
time.
Specimens formed part of
q Danish deep sea research
exposition recently held at
the Smithsonian Institution.
biologists can only specu-
late on how these animals
live without the usual meth
ods Of eating. They have
rather long tentacles at the
top Of their bodies. These
number about 200 In one
species. The name ''pogo-
nophora" signifies bearded
worms.
A theory advanced by the
Russian zoologist DR.. A. v.
Ivanov, who has studied the
queer creatures most inten-
sively. is that these tentacles
are protruded through the
end Of the tube and trap
various decomposition prod
ucts Of deep sea bacteria
not the bacteria themselves.
These tentacle nets. he be-
neves, are equipped with
some sort Of digestive organs
Evening star., 1961-01-09
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Niqhtmorish Denizen of Deep
By THOMAS R. HENRY

and pass on into the body Of
the worm only what can be
completely absorbed by the
body. So there Is no need
for any internal digestion
and there are no waste prod
ucts to be eliminated.
French Discovery
The creatures were first
made known to the world
in detail by DR.. Ivanev In
1866. The actual discovery,
however, had been made
by a French zoologist years
earlier.
Ivanov rejected one theory
advanced that during the lar
val stage the animals store up
enough food in their bodies
to last for a lifetime. They
must be well nourished, the
maintains, for they have Q
high reproductive capacity.
Their breathing, like their
eating, presumably Is done
entirely through the tenacles,
projected from the open end
Of the tube. They have Moth
ing like gill slits. common In
some form to other marine
animals to which they may
be related.
They are distributed rather
generally in deep waters
around the world. Their dis
covery and elucidation pre-
sumably were delayed 30 long
because they have so little
resemblance to other animals.
In some respects the very
deep sea seems to constitute
q world Of its own all over
the earth, with quite similar
sorts Of animals. In four or
five Of the Pacific trenches at
depths Of three to four miles,
for example, scientists have
dredged up a type Of sea GU
cumber previously known
only from very great depths
in the north polar basin. But
in some way it has found its
way from abyss to abyss al
most around the world.
Something somewhat SINH
lar may be illustrated by the
distribution of the pogono-
phoria.
Evening star., 1961-01-09
Our Crowded World

Your January 8 editorials
in juxtaposition regarding the
old to-do about summitry
and the old to-do about job
lessness cause this realist to
suggest q complete turning
away from the reactionary
paralysis Of socialism. The
straining to turn backward,
which Is the hallmark Of
socialism and communism
back to the stone age, COM
munal systems and to feu-
dalistic policies - all this
can and should be met by
young and virile free-enter-
prise, democratic thinking In
new ways.
All the verbiage and a.
nances spent on summitry
and on Recommendation Of the
world population spiral and
the unemployment spiral and
reviews Of outmoded solu-
tions - all this verbiage and
monies could better be spent
in at least surveying new So
lutions. How much Of q
survey. for example, has been
made regarding the feasibility
Of dredging up land along
certain world, seacoasts?
Someone has said this is too
costly a way to get new land.
Well Is it? How costly will
artificial. short-term propos-
ais on distressed, depressed
areas be? How costly will
continued small wars be,
where poverty Is the UNDER
lying cause? How costly in
standards and comfort will
the population boom be?
Summitry and artificial solu-
tions have proven useless.
Why not solve things in
fundamental ways? For one
thing. enough land for every
one is q fundamental way.
What are we doing about 1t?
Anything new?
Realist.
Evening star., 1961-01-09

We can wen imagine the
helpless Illustration Of .
President elect, already
heavily harassed by the
ominous problems Of Laos,
Red China, Cuba, ct a..
awakening one morning from
q deep dream Of peace to
read he was about to appoint
q Governor, with whom he
had not talked. to Q high po-
sition In his administration.
In the period before he
takes office. . President-
elects liaison network Is al.
most certain to be incom-
plete. with loose wire ends
here and there and switches
not yet In place. In such q
time, q well-meaning friend
with illusions Of king-mak-
ing. can produce embarrass-
rnent and complications un-
imagined and unbelievable.
This was something Of the
background TO the report
that Georgia's Governor Van
diver was to be made Secre-
tary Of the Army. 1t was an
appointment first suggested
by Q United States Senator
and Q veteran Representa-
tive, both Of whom acted on
unchecked information.
A somewhat startled Presi-
dent-elect did the courteous
thing and asked the Cover
nor II he was interested in
being considered. The Gov
ernor later Withdrew his
name. He will almost GER
tainly be offered some place
In the Kennedy administra-
ton. He Is an honest man
who has restored financial
and administrative integrity
to the State government and
thereby made himself un-
popular with the kickback
looters. But he was wise to
withdraw his name from
consideration for o position
he could not, in reality. ac-
cept without great embar-
rassment to himself and the
administration.
Deep South Dilemma
This sort Of error COM
pounded. nonetheless, serves
to illustrate the dilemma Of
Q Deep South Governor or
politician. The predicament
Of such q man Is quite Diff
ferent from that Of. let ui
say. q Gov. Luther Hodges OF
North Carolina. or q Leroy
Collins of Florida. These
States are Southern. but they
are not Deep South. It al
ways Is wise to differentiate
between the two.
The administrations Sec
retary Of Defense will be
dealing with many foreign
nations. Among these will be
those Of South America and
Africa. They may be want
ing military advisers or in
structors. They may wish to
discuss treaties or co-opera-
tive associations. There al
ready Is the need to consider
Evening star., 1961-01-09
THE PASSING SCENE
Political Dilemma in Deep South
By RALPH McGILL

associations with SEATO,
currently involved with the
problem Of Laos; the Secre-
tary Of the Army ID IN Inn
portant administrator In the
Defense Department.
There are many elements
In politics. One Of them is
reality. Therefore. no Deep.
South Governor who has
made the decisions vocally
to support the racial preju-
dices Of his State and, out Of
this, to condemn his national
Government and courts for
the desegregation decisions
and enforcement can accept
q sensitive position. To do SO
would Immediately handicap
him and the Job he would be
trying to do.
Embarrassment Seen
There would be. a. o be-
ginning, the Senate con-
firmation hearings. The ap-
pointee's record would there
be made public.
His speeches attacking
the court and the Govern.
ment's racial policies, and
condemnations Of the orders
Of some years ago integrating
the Army, would be made
public. They would be re-
ported IN countries around
the world. This would rem
der iInpotent any possible
functioning In the office and
would hardly embarrass the
administration In all its In.
ternational yelationships.
There ID, nothing anti
Southern In this. The Deep
South politician also faces o
reality. He must decide
whether. for the sake Of cas-
ing his political path, he viii
conform to his States preju-
dices or oppose them and
suffer likely defeat. No one
forces him to make this
choice. It is his. and his
alone. s
Having made 1t. he can
not therefore, In honesty.
complain when this choice
bars him from Q sensitive ma
tional position. Having opted
to 60 against the national
policy and harshly TO con-
denim it. he cannot really
expect to be asked to become
an administrative cog In SEN
sitive areas Of national pol
icy. This is o part Of his
original choice.
This is why 1t Is impor-
tant for the Deep South, as
soon as it can, to bring tt
self into the mainstream Of
national life. The Deep
South has many talents and
personalities to offer Who can
be Of very real national serv-
ice. But so long as they dis
qualify themselves they must
face the reality Of that fact.
It is they who have chosen
disqualification. That q at
times a harsh choice and
often humiliating. But It is
not q choice imposed. II is
one deliberately made.
Evening star., 1961-01-09
Defends Spain

william 8. White makes
odious comparisons Of Eng
lands and Spain's colonial
policies and performances.
England is called the place
where modern freedom was
born" while Spain Is called
notorious" Let US look at
the record Of history. Mr..
White.
England began colonizing
this continent when there
were over 100000 Indians.
The Indians were expropri-
ated, extermina ated and
crowded into reservations.
Until recently they were not
even citizens Of the United
States. and were never citi-
zens Of England. Spain at
the same time began coloniz-
ing the Americas. The In
dians were not exterminated.
segregated, or disfranchised.
The Latin-American Indian
makes up the largest per-
centage Of Mexican or
Peruvian population. In no
place under Spain were
they driven from the land
into cattle-like reservations.
Moreover. Christianity was
preached to them: they were
baptized into the Christian
church; they were given an
inter-tribe language, and they
were taught trades and civil
liZation, once the conquest"
was over. Once the conquest"
was over In. North America,
they were placed In reserva-
tions as wards" Of the United
States Government. not as
citizens. as was done under
Spanish rule. Do not for q
single moment forget that
Indian civilization, such as it
was, was cannibalistic and
included human sacrifices on
q tremendous scale. With
all its faults, Spanish con-
quest of Latin America was
well above cannibalism and
human sacrifices: it was the
civilization Of the Christian
church.
Let Mr.. White remember
that the first newspaper pub
lished on these continents,
the first book printed on
these continents. the first
university establi shed on
these continents were the
work Of Spain. not OF Eng
land.
It Is wrong to continually
insult history and the greater
part Of the civilized world by
the groundless pretensions to
moral superiority" claimed
by the English in their his
toric role. Moreover, 1t is
not necessary to the good
name Of England or the
Anglo-Saxon race to con-
stantly belittle and libel the
historic standing Of Spain,
either in Spain itself or In
its colonizing work In the
Americas.
Joseph I. Puente.
Evening star., 1961-01-09
Stamps Tell Our. Story

Most people must have noticed the
-colorful new stamps which have been
appearing more frequently on our mail,
particularly In the. recent holiday
season. They are reflection Of one of
the least publicized but most successful
innovations of Postmaster General sum-
mefaelds eight-year tenure-the use Of
billions Of postage stamps to tell
Americas story at home and abroad.
The propaganda Tin the best sense
Of the word) use Of postage stamps Is
only one element in the co-ordinated
philatelic program originated by Mr..
Sufnmerfleld's special assistant for
public relations and developed by his
Citizens Stamp Advisory Committee.
This group, made up Of three leaders
In the field Of stamp collecting, three
artists and the deputy director Of the
United States Information Agency, has
worked out well-planned schedule of
new stamp issues in sharp contrast to
the old method Of faphazard approval
on the basis Of pressure tactics by inter-
ested groups.
Famous quotations Of great Ameri-
! cans-Patrick Henry's "Give me Liberty
or give me Death!" is the latest-have
been recalled in the American Credo"
series Leaders in the fight for freedom
in other lands have been honored as
Champions Of Liberty" In series which
has proved to be one Of the most effec-
tive tools available to the USIA. Well
over million letters have been mailed
to all parts Of the world on the day Of
issue Of stamps honoring Masaryk Of
Czechoslovakia, Paderewski Of Poland,
Mannerheim of Finland and Garibaldi
Of Italy. '@.
y The record is not perfect, Of course.
Politics appears to have played a part
in number of the issues approved by
Mr.. Summerfield Just before the recent
elections. But the Postmaster General
had available, and for the most part
made good use of, the philatelic, artistic
and information policy advice Of his
Stamp Advisory Committee.
Mr.. Summerfield's advisory group
ends its work with his departure from
ONCE. The new Postmaster General, J.
Edward Day, will find in It's record OF
Evening star., 1961-01-09
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used u
letters carry tDriters' correct
names and addresses. An let
ters are subject to cosdensd-
tion. Those not used aUiu be
returned only sDten accom-
painted BY self addressed.
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-01-09

accomplishment, however, precedent
for naming comparable group Of his
own to provide him with the necessary
technical advice for sound philatelic
program.
Evening star., 1961-01-09
Wor on Rabbits

According to recent. sto-
ries. q participant in q rab-
bit-killing spree in North
Carolina, where the animals
were clubbed and stoned to
death, said to a reporter:
I'VE don't want any inter-
ference from the humane
society. We are people who
defended our country" The
sport was spon sored by
American Legion local post
No. 11S, and children partici-
pated.
AS q defender Of our coun-
Evening star., 1961-01-09

try. I write to demand that It
be kept clean Of abominable
cruelty in its pastimes.
Alice Morgan Wright.
Evening star., 1961-01-09
Answers to Questions
By THE HANKINS SERYICI

A. reader can get an answer, by
mail, to any question Of fact By
writing The Star Information Bu-
reau. 635 r street NV, washington
4, D. c. Please inclose return post
age or Belf-addressed, stamped