davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-01-03
Khrushchey Seeks to LuH II. S.

no reference whatsoever to
the shooting down of the
RB-47, an American un-
armed plane, over the open
seas nor to the fact that the
Soviet government has re-
fused to release the two
American airmen who sur
vived the attack. No express
sion Of regret or apology has
come from the Soviet pre-
mier or his government con-
corning the wanton assault
on an unarmed American
plane travelling over interna-
tional waters where it had
every legal right to be. Will
the Kennedy administration
promptly demand release Of
the airmen?
It could be that the So
Wet premier is getting ready
anyway to release the i'm
prisoned fliers - including
perhaps Francis Powers. the
U-2 pilot-as q so-called
gesture Of good will" and as
q means Of winning q sum
NIT conference with the new
American President. It will
doubtless fool many gulllble
Americans who will view 1t
as a relaxation Of tensions.
But the whole artificial furor
over the U-2 was undoubted-
ly contrived as a piece Of
political maneuvering by the
Soviet government.
For the top man in the
Moscow regime became con-
vinced he couldn't bluff the
Eisenhower administration,
that the latter was wise to
all the tricks and was not
going to surrender on Que
moy and Matsu or Laos or
any other area where Com
munist encroachment has oc-
CURED. The summit confer
ence in Paris was broken up
and the U-2 episode given as
an excuse primarily because
Mr.. Khrushchev hoped the
Eisenhower administration
would be defeated in the 1860
election. He decided that his
efforts to extract concessions
from the United States might
as well be postponed until
after the election.
The new years speech con-
firms the opinion held in
many countries that behind
the Khrushchev move was a
long-range attempt to en-
courage the appeasement
elements in Western coun-
tries to advocate with greater
intensity deals with the
Soviets.
(coDyrieht, 1861
Evening star., 1961-01-03
TO u. S. Officials
Win FeIIowships
From Brookinqs

The Brookings Institution to-
day announced that 10 Govern
ment executives have won
awards under its Federal execu-
tive fellowship program.
The awards will enable the
winners to carry out research
projects at Brookings for q
period of six to IL months
under provisions Of the En-
ployes Training Act of the
Federal government.
Today's awards are the first
In the fellowship program.
Winners and the subjects of
their research projects are:
Louis B. C. FonE. program director,
Diamond Ordnance FuZe Laboratories.
Army Department-Speedin up the
process Of putting research fndings
into production IN national defense
Lloyd p. Jordan. intelligence oficer,
Central lntelligence Agency-How the
Sino-Soviet bloc co-ordinates scientific
and technological work.
Irving N. Kalikow, program auditor.
Army Audit Agency-Contracting for
economic procurement for scientific
Roland A. Kampmeier. assistant
q nf TannRRRAA VatlRV
ment OF underdeveloped countries
Peter M; Keir, chief Government
finance section, division OF research and
statistics: Board OF Governors Of the
Federal Reserve System-Cyclical be-
HIi hayioT Of interest rates on long.teTm .,n
since 1882.
European branch, once OF research
and analysis, United States Informa-
tion Agency-Public opinion and in
ternational relations.
william p. Lehman. MANAGEMENT
analyst. Bureau Of the Budget-The
planning division, Civil Service Com
the Federal recruiting and examining
mission-The organization structure Of
system.
John p. McKnisht. assistant dirse-
tS n.d On states nss'e % Lain As5s.
the formulation Of public policy.
Ben s. stephansky. labor adviser,
bureau OF inter american affeirs
State Department-The political role
Of the labor. movements OF certain un-
derdeveloped countries.
Evening star., 1961-01-03
Systematic Plan Urged for continuit,
In Conduct of Our Foreign Policy

in November and the third
week in January were poll
cies already rejected by the
people.
There have been some not
able. and some sorry, exam
Piles Of this hiatus. The
worst, probably, was the pc
riod between November, 1860,
and March 4, 1861. The out
going Buchanan administra-
ton, faced with the seces-
sion Of Southern States one
after another. could not bring
itself to take decisive action
one way or the other. So it
contented itself with tempor-
izing while counting the days
until Abraham Lincoln and
the Republican administra-
ton took office.
woodrow Wilson'S admin
istration at the close Of
World War II faced a similar
situation, although one Of far
less gravity in the domestic
sense. The Wilson admins
tration had lost the Congress
in the 1918 elections, and in
1920 the Harding Coolidge
Republican ticket won by a
landslide.
Yet this was the very pc
riod when President Wilson
was battling so fiercely for
United States approval of the
League Of Nations and rati-
fication of the Versailles
Treaty. It was known to the
Nation and to the world that
the Republicans repudiated
both. Thus there was no pre-
dictable course for United
States foreign policy while
the election of 1920 impend-
ed-and this at a time criti-
cal for the future Of the
world.
Fortunately, there has been
considerable recognition of
this sorry situation in recent
years. particularly since the
conduct Of foreign affairs in
Evening star., 1961-01-03

Continuity in the conduct
of q nations foreign policy
has long been recognized as
essential to stability and re-
spect. Certainly the realiza-
ton that a foreign policy in
effect today might easily be
reversed or significantly mod
ifled tomorrow would lend
nothing but confusion to in
ternational relations.
In Britain. the Foreign Of
flee has traditionally depend
ed on a top-notch staff Of
civil service foreign officers,
actually working in Whitehall
and oblivious of changes in
govern m e n Is, to keep the
British foreign policy on an
even keel. These efficient
men work at levels just be-
low the top policy-making Of
fees; If there should be a
period Of interregnum or a
longer-than-usual time Of
transition, they would keep
the wheels turning.
The same has always been
true, to a great extent, Of
France with its history of re-
volving cabinets, of Italy un-
der parliamentary rule, and
Of other Western nations
where free elections might
at any time replace the Of
flcials in power with new
ones.
But the United States, not
being a parliamentary de-
mocracy, has no such tradi-
tions. After election day early
in November, an administra-
ton that is not going to sue
ceed itself becomes automat-
ically a lame duck" Often
the administration going out
of Office has been repudiated
at the polls by the electorate.
so that the argument could
be made with considerable
logic that any policies it pur-
sued between the first week
Evening star., 1961-01-03
DAVID LAWRENCE

Soviet Premier Khru-
shchev considers that the
American people by their
vote in November apologized
for the U-2 incident. He pub
licly rejoices that, as he de-
scrihes it, the Eisenhower
administration was repudi-
ated at the polls.
This is what was predicted
by some writers during the
campaign as likely to be Mr..
Khrushchev's boast in the
event of a Kennedy victory
In the presidential election.
Did the more than "a mil
lion voters in the United
States who supported Mr..
Kennedy really agree with
the Democratic nominee e
when he. said that America
should have expressed re-
grets to Mr.. Khrushchev over
the U-2 incident? Did the
more than "a million who
supported Vice President
Nixon feel he was right when
he criticized the Kennedy
comment as unrepresentative
of American public opinion?
There were approximately
10000 more votes cast for
MIR. Kennedy than for Mr..
Nixon, but the opposition
vote. when the minor parties
are included, exceeded the
vote gotten by the Democratic
nominee. So, strictly speak
ing, Mr.. Khrushchev must
know an actual majority
didn't agree with the So
called Kennedy apology at
all, according to the final
figures.
How. then, does the Soviet
Premier justify his formal
acceptance Of an alleged
apology by the American
people for the U-2 incident?
The answer is that he doubt
less feels he doesn't have to
look beyond the speeches
and statements Of prominent
Democratic leaders. including
a report by the majority Of
the Senate Foreign Rela-
tions Committee led by Sem
ator Fulbright, Democrat Of
Arkansas, which denounced
the Eisenhower administra-
ton for the U-2 incident.
Why is all this important
now? Because the Soviet
premier, taking advantage Of
the transition period in the
American political system.
feels he can do his own in
Evening star., 1961-01-03
Red Premier Accepts American Voters
APOLOGY Over the U-2 Incident

terpreting Of the U-2 incident
and cover up his erratic
course in breaking up the
summit meeting last May.
He draws q distinction-as
did so many political writers
and campaign speakers-be-
tween the prestige Of the
United States and the pres
tige Of a particular admin
istration. MFR. Kennedy him
self in q speech during the
campaign pointed out that
he was not disparaging his
own country but only its
leadership of the last eight
years.
Mr.. Khrushchev, on the
other hand. apparently is
quite willing now, even at
this late date, to construe
Mr.. Kennedy's original pro-
posal for an expression Of
regret over the U-2 incident
as having been, in effect.
adopted by the American
people in the election. The
exact words Of the Soviet
premier as uttered in Q
speech at o New Years BAN,
quet given in the Kremlin
to the entire diplomatic
corps-representing almost
every country in the world
are important to note for
future reference. They are
reported by the Reuters
News Service in a Moscow
dispatch as follows:
II hope that the installa-
ton of the new President
will bring q fresh wind In
United States-Soviet rela-
tions. I hope that the going
out, Of the old year and an
old President will bring an
improvement In our rela-
tionS.
Relations deteriorated due
to the U-2 and I consider
that the American peoples
vote for Mr.. Kennedy was
against Nixon, the U-2 and
the cold war policy. +
II recall that Mr.. Kennedy
said during the election
campaign that If he had been
President he would have
apologized. Had this been
done. it. would not have been
necessary to raise the ques-
ton in the United Nations.
We will not raise the ques-
ton in the United Nations
in order not to taint the
newly good with the recently
bad"
But Mr.. Khrushchev made
Evening star., 1961-01-03

obvious that slavery was not 60
ing to put down lasting roots
in the territories, no matter
what the Federal Government
might do. Never did the Ameri-
can people get SO worked up
over a problem as remote as
this.
Doomed Institution
We can easily see that slav-
cry could not have been up
rooted overnight from the
States where it was central to
the social and political organi-
zation-not without an upset
too fundamental for society to
bear. We can see just as clearly
that in the very nature Of
things slavery was a doomed
institution. 1t could not endure
very much longer in the devel-
oping 18th Century.
Furthermore, in April Of
1860 all of the machinery OF
the Democracy was at hand,
ready to be used. The Demo-
cratic Party was about to hold
its Presidential nominating
convention; a little later, the
Republican Party was going to
do the same.
After the nominations there
would be the campaign itself
in which nominees, party
workers and newspaper pun
dts could examine the issue
in detail. Then there would
be an election and the people
themselves would render some
sort of verdict. Then there
would be a new President and
a new Congress; presumably
they would be able to provide
some sort of solution.
Opportunity Existed
The opportunity and the
means to get the Nation out
Of its tragic fix existed. I'm.
fortunately, they were moi
used. In this one instance. De-
mocracy failed to meet the
test. Instead Of working fol
a settlement 1t worked for q
showdown-which, within
year, it got, at a staggering
i price.
The reasons for its failure
are extremely complex. but one
of the principal ones seems te
have been, quite simply, that
it was just too much trouble
for the ordinary American ir
1860 to sit down and think
things through.
It was easier just to feel
to respond to inspiring slogans
to turn emotions loose, to le'
. anger and fear and SUSPICION
have their way, to settle dowr
in q fixed position and wal
for the other fellow to bacl
down. Politics lost its flexibil
ity. The willingness to debate
|, to negotiate and at last to fint
some good middle ground, dis
, appeared.
Tomorrow:
! Compromise Spurned.
Evening star., 1961-01-03
Soviet Aids NepoI

MOSCOW, Jan. 3 (AP).-
Russia will help Nepal con-
struct a hydroelectric power
plant designed to increase the
Asian kingdoms electric power
output by 80 per cent, Moscow
radio reports.
Evening star., 1961-01-03
BY BRUCE CATION

"AAbtSu Act SAic AeeOelAtCo
It is sometimes said that the
Civil War came because the
machinery Of democracy had
broken down. That is not quite
true. 1t came because the ma
chinery Of democracy was not
used.
To see how this happened,
60 back one century to the
presidential election of 1860.
An enormous issue disturbed
Americas democracy in that
year. Like most issues human
beings have to handle, it wai
extremely complicated and its
deeper implications were not
always clear, but i'll the main
it had to do with the existence
in America Of the institution
Of chattel slavery. There were
Of course, other issues in that
year. but in one way or another
they all seemed to revolve
around this question of slav-
cry.
There was no unanimity OF
feeling, because the institution
itself affected different people
in such different ways.
In the cotton States of the
deep South slavery in 1860 was
q going concern, immensely
profitable to a small but pow.
erful group, buttresssd by al
sorts Of prejudices and habit'
Of mind; an institution, fur
thermore. that was so deeply
imbedded in the social anc
economic framework Of thu
cotton South that no one coulc
see how to get rid uf it with.
out causing a shattering con.
vulsion.
In the more northerly tier o.
Southern States slavery wa
slowly but visibly withering OF
the vine. 1t was still somethin,
everyone was adjusted to, anS
people tended to approach i
with their emotions rather thar
with their minds, but it wa
not quite the same here as il
the deep South.
North Of the Mason ant
Dixon Line slavery had beer
discarded altogether, and NOR
and more people were cominI
to feel that 1t ought to be abol
ished everywhere as speedily a
possible. Sentiment was by n,
means united, however; ther,
~ were many people in the Nortl
who disliked slavery but wer,
perfectly willing to 60 alon,
with 1t on the ground that i
was really a problem for tn,
Southerners. .
Issue Was Peripheral
For a long time this SLAYER,
problem had seemed too no
to handle. and consequently
had not been handled. Ye
there was not necessarily any
thing in it, in the spring o
1860. that would force the diff
ferent States of the union t,
go to war with one another
nothing that would compe
100000 young men to die be
fore the Nation could come +
q final decision about 1t.
As a matter of fact, this issu
was peripheral even in 1856
The big argument centered O
the question Of slavery in tn
territories. Not even the Re
pubicans argued that the Fed
eral Government had any au
thority to limit or abolish tn
institution in the separat
States. o.
The whole problem revolve
around the territorial issue
and it was already becomin
Evening star., 1961-01-03
THE NEEDLESS WAR
Democracy Ignored
A Century Ago

This yeoT Americans begin the COM
memorotion Of the greet war thot
rent the union o century aso. Wos
this actually on "irepressible con-
fIiet" or O trosedy Of errors thot
could hove been avoided? In the
first Of q fous part series odopted
from an oddresS delivered before
the Associated Press managing ed
itors convention, one Of the Notions
leodins Civil War histerions diseusse,
thet question and its meaning fo'
Americans todoy.
Evening star., 1961-08-18
CORRELATED GROUPS
SO YOU CAN LIVE IN
two WoRldS*
dining and Bedroom

. StonIey's beautiful blend of Colonial
Contemporary soul ptured for todoy's homes
Solid Mahogany and fiddIe-bock mahogany
Veneers richly worked to show off the grain
The minute. you see it, you'll know TWO WORLDS is
truly unique in traditional furniture. Fine detailing
procticed by the old craftsmen Graceful proportion and
scale suited to contemporary living but elegantly
reminiscent of the past Best Of oI the pieces skill
fully designed to allow you to add to your bosc SETS
Come see the newest stye-bend Of Two Worlds.
Representative pieces Downtown Silver Spring.
Virginia and Prince Georges P|oza stores
Representative Dining Room shown only in Downtown
and Silver Spring
Evening star., 1961-08-24
Dessert SouffIe

package dessert topping
mix
envelope Il tablespoon)
plain gelatin
8 tablespoons cold water
4 eggs
2 egg yolks
"a cup sugar
"a teaspoon nutmeg
"a cup brandy, Grand Mar
nier or Cointreau
Prepare dessert topping
mix as directed on package.
Chill. Sprinkle the gelatin
over the water to soften.
Meanwhile, combine the eggs,
egg yolks and sugar. Place
over hot water and beat with
an electric mixer or a rotary
egg beater until thick and
pale yellow in color. Add
softened gelatin and beat
until gelatin dissolves. Pour
the egg mixture into a large
bowl; cool. Fold in the nut
meg, brandy and the pre-
pared dessert topping mix.
Pour into a 112-quart but
tered Souffle dish or casserole.
Chill until set about 3
hours. Sprinkle with nutmeg
or grated lemon rind and
serve with additional dessert
topping. if desired. Makes six
to eight servings.
Note: If an extra high
Evening star., 1961-08-24

Turn into creased 2-quart
round casserole or souffle
dish. Sprinkle remaining u
cup cereal flakes around edge
Of casserole. Set casserole in
shallow pan Of hot water.
Bake in moderate oven $3.50
degrees) until done, go to 10
minutes. Serve with ham
mushroom sauce. Eight serv-
ings.
Evening star., 1961-08-24

But the smart cook avoids
this. Just remember, a souf-
fle waits for no man so
have the family at the table
when the souffle is slipped
from the oven.
Here are a few tips that
will help in making your
souffles worthy of praise.
A round, heatproof china
dish with perfectly straight
sides is the traditional French
Souffle mold. You can recog-
nize it by its vertical outside
lines.
Milk Cor its equivalent)
and eggs are the substance of
this light and airy delicacy.
The milk is thickened with
flour, bound with egg yolks
and lightened by stiffly beat
en- egg whites. And herein lies
the secret to a successful
souffle the egg whites
should be beaten stiff but not
dry. Stop the beating when
the egg whites are glistening
and moist peaks form. Lift
the whites up, then over and
under the batter, so that
they're folded into the batter
without losing one breath of
the air beaten into them.
To make that impressive
top hat, do this; Just before
baking the souffle, cut a ring
in the batter about one inch
from the outer rim of the
casserole using the back of a
spoon or a metal spatula.
: Adding a collar to the
paRlIlg molQ gives extra
height and support to the
souffle. Cut heavy wrapping
paper (waxed paper will do
for unbaked souffleS) to fit
around the casserole and ex-
tend above the upper edge.
Then tie with a string or
bind with cellophane.
The Frenchman likes the
interior of his souffles moist,
while the American prefers a
drier Souffle. This may be
achieved by baking the
souffle slightly longer and
without a water bath. Bak-
ing in individual casseroles
Evening star., 1961-08-24
Cereal SouffIe

2la cups corn flakes or whole
wheat flakes
"a cup butter or margarine
"a cup all-purpoSe flour
"a teaspoon salt
l teaspoon dry mustard
2 cups milk
2 cups shredded cheddar
cheese ~ pound
4 eggs, separated
Crush 2 cups cereal flakes
slightly to make ~ cups.
Melt butter, add flour and
seaSonings and stir until
smooth. Add milk gradually,
stirring constantly. Cook over
low heat, stirring until thick
ened. Remove from heat; add
cheese and stir until melted.
Fold crushed cereal flakes
into mixture. Beat egg yolkS
until lemon-colored; blend
into sauce. Beat egg whites
until stiff but not dry; fold
into cheese egg mixture.
Evening star., 1961-08-24

for other purposes too. A
baked chicken with old fash
ioned sage stuffing is hard to
beat. Bake two. If your fam
lily is average size. This gives
you a double set of thighs
and drum sticks. Try them
in oven-to-table casseroleS.
A real easy one is this: Com
bine 2 cups each of diced,
peeled, boiled potatoes and
diced, cooked chicken. Add
a cup of heavy cream and
season with onion salt and
pepper. Turn into a cas-
serole and bake until bubbly,
about 20 minutes.
Roasting chickens, weigh
ing between 31a to 4 pounds,
and steWing chickens, aver
Evening star., 1961-08-24

aging about 5 pounds, are
other excellent poultry buys.
Veal and pork are running
fryers a close second On the
weeks list of specials.
In veal look for good values
in leg of veal, rump and
shoulder roasts, and breast
of veal, cut with a pocket for
stuffing. Shoulder chops,
round bone chops and rib and
loin chops are also featured
as good buys.
Pork roaStS Qoin half, rib
end, or whole loin), along
with pork chops crib and
loin) stand out as another
See BASKET, Page D.
Evening star., 1961-08-24

Souffle is desired, use a l.
quart Souffle dish. Butter
dish and tie a band of waxed
paper around edge. Brush oil
on inside of paper. Pour
Souffle mixture into dish.
Chill until set. When ready
to serve, remove paper.
Sprinkle with additional nut
meg, or grated lemon rind,
if desired.
Evening star., 1961-08-24
Chocolate SouffIe

2 squares unsweetened choco-
late
/ envelope unflavored gela-
tin
u cup confectioners' sugar
l cup milk
"a cup granulated sugar
"a teaspoon salt
l teaspoon vanilla
2 cups heavy cream
Melt chocolate over hot
water. Sprinkle gelatin over
3 tablespoons cold water to
soften. When chocolate has
melted, stir in confectionerS'
sugar. Heat milk to Scald-
ing, then stir in chocolate
mixture thoroughly. Cook,
stirring constantly, until
mixture reaches the boiling
point, but DO NOT boil.
Remove from heat. Mix in
softened gelatin, granulated
sugar, salt and vanilla. Chill
until the consistency of raw
egg whites. Beat until light
and fluffy. Beat cream I'M
til it holds a shape. Com
bine two mixtures gently.
Pour into 2-quart Souffle
dish. Chill 2 to 3 hours un-
til firm but still spongy. Six
to eight servings.
Evening star., 1961-08-24
Shrimp Suuce

! can 90 ounceS) frozen con-
densed cream of shrimp
soup.
u cup water
2 tablespoons chopped al
mondS
l tablespoon sherry
In saucepan, combine all
ingredients. Heat, stirring
now and then. Serve over
souffle. Makes about Ia
cups sauce.
Evening star., 1961-08-24
ALLIE MARKET
fYBAsKE7
Fryers Top Bargains

specials offered by supermarkets and food chains
this week. The fryerS are available whole, cut up,
or in parts legs, breasts WINGS backs and necks
These tender young birds are good for broiling
Evening star., 1961-08-24
Mushroom Sauce

"a cup chopped onion
! tablespoon butter or mar
garine
u cup diced cooked ham or
Canadian bacon
l can (1012 ounees) cream
of mushroom soup
IA cup milk
1s teaspoon ground thyme
Saute onion in butter until
tender. Add Canadian bacon
or cooked ham and heat. Add
soup, milk and thyme. Heat,
stirring constantly, until
smooth and heated. Makes
IA cups sauce.
Evening star., 1961-08-24
A Perfect SouffIe
Is Gourmet Fare
BY VIOLET FAULKNER
Food Editor Of The Star

Do you grow faint-hearted at the mere thought
OF making Souffle? Relax All you need is a good
recipe, follow it exactly and you're on your way to
successful SouffleS
True, the Souffle that rises to magnificent
heights can within seconds sink to disastrous low
Evening star., 1961-08-24
Asparagus SouffIe

1 can (1O1a ounces) con-
densed cream of muSh-
room soup
l cup shredded sharp ched-
dar cheese
1s teaspoon ground nutmeg
) 1a cup chopped cooked as
paraguS
6 eggs, separated
In saucepan, combine soup,
cheese and nutmeg; heat
slowly until cheese meltS; add
asparagus. Beat egg yolkS
until thick and lemon color
ed; stir into soup mixture.
Beat egg whites until stiff;
fold soup mixture into egg
whites. Pour into 52-quart
casserole. Bake in a slow
oven 600 degrees) / to ~
hours, or until souffle is
golden brown. Serve immedi-
ately. Makes four to six Serv-
ings. Serve with shrimp al
mond sauce, if desired.
Evening star., 1961-08-24

produces the more moist va
riety of Souffle.