davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-14
Outlook in the Conqo

In many respects, the situation in
the Storm-toSsed Congo Republic con-
tinueS to be altogether murky and
subject to change without notice. There
is some reason to hope, however, that
the United Nations-aS a result of it's
apparently Small-scale military action
in Elizabethville-ha helped to promote
stability by putting an end to the
secession of Katanga, which is by far
the richest province in the whole
troubled and turbulent land.
At any rate, judging from the re-
ports of the moment, Katanga'S PreSi-
dent Noise Tshombe has yielded without
much fuss to the U. MS action IRE
queSted by the central government of
President KaSavubu and Premier Adoula
in Leopoldville), and he has abandoned
his efforts to Secede and convert the
province into separate nation. From
the standpoint of the Congolese
people-aSSuming that they can grow
out Of their primitive tribal customs
and unity themselves in genuine
nationhood--thisi is a wholesome devel-
opment, the more so because Belgium,
the former ruler of the Congo, has been
quietly cooperating with Secretary
General Dag Hammarsjkold in an effort
to establish order and a rule of reason
and law in the chaotic country
All this, of course, calls for a sort
of bated breath, crossed fingers frame
of mind. Mr.. KaSavubu and Mr.. Adoula
seem to be solid moderateS, but within
their coalition government-as Con-
necticuts Senator Dodd has lust
observed, in possibly a too-alarmist
faShion-are some exceedingly far-left
personalities. These include people like
the rather sinister Antoine Gizenga-
people trained in Communist schools
behind the Iron Curtain, people who
may we'll be agents of the Kremlin
Vague as it may seem, here is a danger
that ought not to be overlooked or
underestimate in the present Congolese
turmoil. Certainly in it's potentials at
least, it could be of great help to the
Soviet drive to infiltrate and eventually
dominate Africa.
But the point that deserves to be
repeated and kept in mind by every
body, including the men of the Kremlin,
is that the Congolese people, by and
large, live in sharply divided tribal
society that has little or no interest in,
or understanding of, such things as Mr..
Gizenga's Marxism-Leninism, if it may
be called that. In sum, even given the
end of the Katangese secession" the
fledgling Congo Republic will continue
to face an exceedingly difficult educa-
tional task in striving to establish
itself as truly stable nation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-14

that he saw mo reason why I should
get. out of politics." Obviously he
meant it.
1t is quite possible all of this will
have political Importance far beyond
California itself. Mr.. Nixon is facing a
tough question at best, namely, whether
to risk a run for the California COVER
norShip. If he runs and wins, it might
help him to a second presidential
nomination-in 1864. If he runs and
loses, it almost certainly will close the
door to any further presidential pros
poets. While primary fights themselves
are not necessarily deeply damaging, a
Nixon Knight battle in the G. o. P.
California preliminary next June, par
ticularly if it revived some of the strong
feelings aroused in 1858, would hurt the
party's chances (perhapS Mr.. Nixon's
in this case) in the statewide general
voting in November Mr. Knight him
self may have been setting the tone for
rugged primary fight when he warned
his fellow Californians against cross
country hitch-hikerS."
Anyway, Mr.. Knight has made his
move. The next one is Mr.. Nixon'S
There are plenty of witnesses, from
Albany to Sacramento, watching and
waiting.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-14
Good Days Work

The Senate, in overriding an ILL
advised administration request for only
a one-year extension of the Federal
aid-to-impacted- schools program, has
rescued this important measure from
threatened defeat in conference. Coupled
with the impact" aid was another pro-
vision for extending Federal loans to
students. President Kennedy'S last
minute effort to tie this legislation to
his plan for reviving next year his once
defeated general aid-to- education bill
deserved the rebuff it received from the
Senate. The two extension proposals
fully merited separate handling, free
from any ENHANCEMENT with the con-
troverSial broader administration school
plan.
Senator Morse of Oregon, leading
the administration fight for a one-year
instead of a two-year extension Of
Federal grants to schools overburdened
by Government expansion, charged that
abuses" and "inequities" have developed
in the program that ought to be re-
viewed next session in connection with
general Schoolaid bill. He may be right
about such abuses and inequitieS and If
they exist they should be eliminated.
But this can better be accomplished by
action directed solely at improving the
impact plan, without politically explosive
excursions into the broader areas of
education encompasSed in the admins
tration'S general aid proposals.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-14
Still in the Race

All hands concerned merit the
Nations hearty congratulations for
yesterdays launching, DRIFTING and re-
covery of the unnamed two-ton space
capsule of Project Mercury.
Together with the Atlas launching
missile, this vehicle-eSSentially the
same as the ones used in the suborbital
flights OF AstronautS Shepard and
GrisSom-haS performed beautifully,
even if not with absolute perfection. AS
result, the day has been brought
appreciably nearer when an American
will duplicate, if not excel, the history
making orbital trips-as announced by
the Kremlin, but not yet officially
authenticated in public detail-of Soviet
CoSmonauts Gagarin and Titov.
What remains to be seen now Is
whether the National AeronauticS and
Space Administration will put a Chin
panzee into orbit ahead of Shepard,
GriSSom or one of the other seven
Mercury aStronauts This apparently is
matter that still has to be determined,
with the decision presumably depending
on what has been learned from yeSter-
days orbiting capsule and it's "crewman
simulator" designed to breathe, sweat
and talk" as if human, during its
celestial circumnavigation of the globe.
Clearly, it is entirely possible, if not
probable, that one of our astronautS
will be. put into orbit, safely, before the
year ends. In that sense, quite obviously,
the space race between us and the
Russians is still being run.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-14
Road Back

The restoration by the Senate APP
preparations Committee of nearly all of
the $596-million cut made by the House
in foreign aid funds is first step on
the road back to reasonable level of
assistance to our allies and friends
during the coming year.
AS approved by the Senate COM
mittee, the $4.2-billion budget is within
hairs breadth of the total amount
authorized earlier by Congress for
foreign aid of all types. Especially
gratifying is the rescue of the full SIT
billion for military assistance. The
House Appropriations Committee, under
the meat-aX welded by Representative
PaSSman two weeks ago, attempted to
slash $400 million from this essential
program. Although the House restored
three-fourthS of the foreign assistance
funds after the uproar which followed
Mr. PaSsman's action, these urgently
needed funds remained seriously in
adequate.
Congress, of course, is never bound
by authorized amounts in voting appro-
priationS. Yet President Kennedy made
it plain in signing the authorizing legis-
lation that he considered the $42- billion
program a minimum commitment to
continue our support" of worldwide
collective security arrangements. The
dismal turn of world events in recent
weeks, Furthermore, hardly requires
that attention be called to his warning
that "our adverSaries are intensifying
their efforts in the entire under
developed world"
Since unrelenting foes of foreign
aid Tin almost any form) are certain to
remain busy, it is too much to expect
that final agreement will be reached at
the level of $4.2 billion. But the action
of the Senate committee enhances
prospects that an amount not too far
below 81 billion may be agreed upon.
The hope now is that the Senate will
stand firmly by its Appropriations Com
mittee, and that responsible leaders of
the House will accept a realistic COM
promise when the bills are sent to
conference.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-14
Answers to Questions
BY THE HASKINS SERVICE

@. When did common law
marriage get started in this
country?-L. W.
A. Common law marriage
was legal in England at the
time the American colonies
were settled, and the custom
was continued in the colonies.
Under the old Canon Law,
marriage was simply an
agreement between a man
and a woman to become hus-
band and wife. In 1863 the
Council of Trent decreed that
thereafter a ceremony by a
priest in the presence of wit
nesses was necessary to vail
date a marriage, but this
decree was not adopted in
England, and the old Canon
Law remained in force there.
Common law marriage was
eventually banned in Eng
land.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-14
plement private enterprise to
every extent possible.
c. T. Hellmuth.
Backs K-o Corps

Julius w. Hobson, CORE
director, organizes a two-hour
demonstration in front of the
District Building. protesting
alleged police brutality in the
10th precinct. He charges
that police dogs have been
involved in incidents of bru-
tally twice in a week in the
precinct.
This lobbying for the with
drawal of these fine aids to
our police force should be
squelched Immediately. This
organization should turn
promptly from its selfish
aims and do a little house
cleaning of it's own. They
would serve much better the
eventual detectives of their
race of they would bend their
efforts toward vigorously
protesting the upsurge Of
crime instead of trying to
curb police efforts.
Under no circumstances
should the powers in con-
troll consider any action
other than to continue to in
crease the size of our police
dog corps.
L. w. Edwards
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-14

Household workers, house.
wives, retired citizens and
students who ride the D. C.
Transit buses from 9 am.
on find standing on main
avenues in the hot sun for
IS or 20 minutes discourage
ing and fatiguing. Then to
be confronted by a creeping,
coughing, crowded hot bus
which spews forth black
out" carbon monoxide is a
disgusting affront to our
residents. True, fast on the
wheels of this bus will come
a standing-room-only air
conditioned bus and closely
thereafter another nearly
empty bus.
Why can't our officials
get together and bring some
relief and comfort to this
very large segment of our
voting population?
Wilhelmina HetZel
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-14
Speaks for NeutroIs

David Lawrence, in his ar
ticle on the Belgrade confer
ence, called the unaligned
countries double-dealers and
hypocrites. He is annoyed be-
cause Nehru was restrained
in his comment"
He would have been hap
py, I guess, if Mr.. Nehru had
stolen a few Juicy abuses
from his own vocabulary of
uncouth words and hurled
them at Mr.. Khrushchev.
But Mr.. Lawrence has done
little else long enough and
where has it led this country
or the world? If Mr.. Law
rence's abuse were a good
substitute for policy, all the
clouds that hang over the
horizon would have disap-
peared before his intemper-
ate blasts.
One typical Lawrencian
comment: THE conclusion
is unacceptable that most of
the so-called 'non-aligned'
nations are not idealistic but
materialistic:: that they will
play the West against the
East and vice versa in order
to get funds" In my long
journalistic experience, this
sentence has struck me as
the most perfect combina-
ton of crudity of thought
and expression.
What is wrong with us, II
we say we don't want to join
this arms race? We don't
want to be a party to it. Mr..
Lawrence thinks we are do
ing this to have the best of
both worlds. We want to get
funds" from both sides.
That is not true. If war
comes we will be worse off
than most of you. Most of
you will die almost instantly.
You will not hear the big
bomb. You will not see it be-
cause you will be blinded
before you know. But we on
the periphery will be left to
die slowly, painfully, cancer
ously over months and years.
That accounts for our real
concern. But for this, some
OF us who are unaligned
would also be neutral. At
present, we are only I'M
aligned.
We know that you and the
Soviets are almost incorrigi-
BILE. Unfortunately Cor is it
fortunately?) we can't save
ourselves without first at
tempting to save you.
That is the only measure
of our "selfishness," or the
cause of it.
H. r. VOhra
Special Representative,
The Times of India.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-14
THE PASSING SCENE
Traffic on Rhine Is Impressive
By RALPH McGILL

she is forced to import coal.
This she buys from the
United States. The fact of
the Ruhr buying coal con-
troverts most emphatically
the old adage about not
sending coal to Newcastle.
About one-third of all the
people in the Ruhr Valley
earn their living from coal.
Yet, at the same time. the
area produces about II per
cent of all Germany's iron,
and rs per cent of her steel.
All Europe turns out about
so million tons Of steel. Of
this, West Germany supplies
about half. She has passed
Great Britain as a maker of
steel.
The Ruhr Valley
There really is a Ruhr
River, a fact largely over
looked. Coal and iron ore
were first dug along its
course. Now the development
has moved northward along
the Rhine, The Ruhr, which
flows into the Rhine, is a
peaceful, beautiful river, with
uneroded banks and q land
scape pastoral and calm. The
German industrial cities may
have smoke in the skies. They
do have a Stolid Victorian
look. But they are not ugly.
There are no great piles Of
Stag and waste. They are
neatly kept and full Of civic
pride.
These cities have their mu-
Seums. art galleries and ex-
hibitions. One sees, too.
many Mercedes-300 limou-
sines. The Germans have a
saying about the Ruhr citi-
zens, which is: Der Mer-
cedes-300 list der Volkswagen
der Ruhr." (The Mercedes
300 is the VolkSwagen of the
RuhrO But the streets of the
Ruhr cities swarm with small
cars, too.
The Ruhr extends east to
west about 100 miles and so
miles from north to south.
It is an incredible area. In
saying the river is the circu-
latory system Of the nations
industrial heart, one must
not think merely Of the river
and its heavy traffic Of
barges, and the rails on eth
er side. There are many Ca
nails and smaller rivers link
ing the factories. There are
high-tension cables, gas and
oil pipelines.
Nor is this solely the en-
pire of Krupp, though he is
a potent factor. The old Ruhr
barons are gone. Here, as in
America, the professional
manager Is running the show.
He may make the Ruhr more
of a power than it ever was
before. And while he wants
the Russians checked, he
does not want to do so with
war. That, alas, is the inter-
national Illustration.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-14
Adult Crimes

Sometimes I become irri-
tated even with the good old
Star.
Your paper recently re-
ported the apprehension of a
burly 16-year-old youth who
confessed to a series of violent
rapes. One of the victims was
bludgeoned with her own
flatiron.
On September 8, The Star,
under the headline, Rape
Suspect Quiz Hit AS Inqui-
sition of Child" cited the de
tense lawyers charges Of
claimed procedural irregulari-
ties and a psychiatrist gave
his opinion that the poor lad
was mentally ILL.," The
youths prior record was re-
cited in some detail and he
was described as having been
a model probationer" and
"a sensitive youngSter with
good personality resources
etc." I wondered whose
side The Star was on.
Has The Star succumbed to
the theories of the profession
al apologists who can offer
an explanation" for even the
most bestial behavior?
1t does not become The Star
to be shedding crocodile tears
over the plight of this poor
misunderstood boy. Let's have
a little appreciation for the
facts in this type of report
ing.
The fact is that these I'M
smiling, sullen predators are
not children and they are
nearly immune to sociological
theories aimed at their re-
Mobilization. Adult crimes
should be dealt with by adult
laws. Let's place the limit for
juvenile indulgence where it
belongs-at age fourteen.
Mark G. BOwsher
Editors note: The quoted
phrases were from Juvenile
Court records or were the
opinions expressed by attor-
neys or others interviewed.
The Star expressed no opin-
ions of it's own in the news
article referred to-.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-14
Isn't 1t the Truth?

When I read the editorial,
ut Amt Good" I was re-
minded of the old saying.
What is one mans meat is
another mans poison" The
Stars editorial writer seems
much perturbed at the fact
that the Merriam Webster
unabridged dictionary has at
last smiled upon the use of
the word "ain't," admitting
that it is now used orally in
the United States by culti-
waited speakers" To me that
is very refre shing, for
it might do away with
that impossible expression
so often used by our So
called polite society members,
namely that sickening Aren't
II" Why not say "Amn't I"
or Am I not?" Amt" is so
much smoother, it seems to
me. After all, we are Amer
leans, so why not talk Amer
lean and not English?
]. Chester Wilfong
The Star says that the ex-
preston amt" hitherto ia
boo and vulgar, is included
in the new revised edition of
the Merriam Webster I'M
abridged dictionary. AL
t ough off-hand "ain't"
sounds uncouth and tmprop-
err, I wish to suggest that per-
haps this expression arose
out Of a need. After all, in
the conjugation of the verb
Ito be" there are contractions
for each of the forms except
first person singular; viz. he,
she, and it isn't and we, you,
and they aren't. But what
about II am not?" Could
that possibly explain the
existence of the term amt?
Sometimes a person will say
"he amt" or "they amt"
This is definitely wrong as the
correct forms are "he isn't"
and they aren't" But what
should one say to contract
i am not" I amn't?
Neera Barve
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-14
High Cost of Miterocy

a way to stain clear glass for
the windows. Another sculp-
tured the head of the Cath
Ollie crucifix. These three
men, along with thousands of
others in our prisons. have
discovered their talents, but
for most of them the discov-
cry has come too late.
AS a nation we have always
had a "stingy streak" when it
comes to education. We are
like the man whose wife COM
planned that he kept up the
barns but he let the house fall
down" Last year the Nation
al Aeronautics and Space
Administration was author
lied to spend 1921 ,453, 900 for
research and development.
But only 100000 could be
found for research in educa-
ton. There is nothing wrong
with the NASA appropriation,
but while we are exploring let
us not forget that the most
UNEMPLOYED area in all the
world is that which lies just
beneath today's crew cuts and
pony tails. This area holds
the answer to the drop-out
problem, which is described
as the most ignored single
problem of United States ed
ucation today"
For every dollar that we
fail to spend for education,
we will spend 10, 20, 100 or
more for crime-we now have
the largest prison population
in our history. For delin-
quency-the average expen-
diture per child in the public
schools is $3.50 q year. The
same child will cost $4,000
annually if committed to a
correctional institution. For
drug addiction-now Eat an
all time high" among chill
dren. For alcoholism-also
an increasing problem of
youth. For children of illegiti-
macy-whose mothers are be-
becoming younger each year.
And for rehabilitation, which
at best is "a poor patching"
for the evil has been done.
In the final summing up we
shall not be judged by our
economy, our material prog
resS, military might, or our
explorations into outer space.
History will be concerned
with but one thing: What
kind of men did we make.
Elsie King Moreland
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-14
Mr.. Kniqht Tees Off First

BiographerS of Goodwin j. Knight,
California Republican, have pointed out
that one of his favorite political tactics
is to declare his own intentions boldly
and early-preferably earlier than any
body else He has done so again by an
nouncing that he is a candidate "all the
way" for the 1862 G. O. P. nomination
for Governor of the Golden State, while
everybody else, at least back East, has
been sitting around waiting for former
Vice President Nixon to say yes or no
on the same proposition.
Whether Mr.. Knights plans will
affect Mr. Nixon's now becomes a
pertinent question. The man who re-
portedly likes the nickname of "Goodie"
has had colorful career in California
politics, and one that was pretty
markedly successful until he was caught
in the "big switch" of 1878. Mr..
Knight had been Governor then since
1858 and already had made thoroughly
clear his plans to run again when Sen
ator William j. Knowland announced
his own intent to seek the office After
visit to the White House in November,
1857, Mr.. Knight announced with SEEM
ing reluctance that he had been per-
suaded not to force a showdown with
the Senate Minority Leader and that,
accordingly, he would be a candidate
for the Knowland seat in the Senate
News stories of the time indicated that
Mr. Nixon had voice in the persuasion.
When both Mr.. Knowland and Mr..
Knight lost in 1858, the latter expressed
his resentment freely about being the
victim of squeeze play" and added
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-14
Endorses Appointee

The protests of Mr.. Ellis,
general manager of the Ma
tional Rural Electric Co.
operative Association, and
Mr.. Radin, general manager
of the American Public Pow
err Association, against the
proposed appointment of
George D. Woods to head the
Agency for International De-
velopment are in particularly
poor taste.
Because of the highly dis
criminatory tax exemptions
the co-operattives they repre-
sent enjoy, the taxes of all
the rest of us are significant
ly higher. Now, to add insult
to injury, these professional
socialists want to dictate to
the President whom he may
appoint to administer the
portion of our taxes that go
for foreign aid.
What we need in foreign
aid is a tough-minded ad-
ministrator such as Mr..
Woods who can orient our
foreign aid toward private
enterprise. Private enterprise
and the initiative it gener-
ates, despite the growing en-
cumbrances of government,
is what has made our econo-
my able to provide foreign
aid. If our foreign aid pro-
gram is to endure, it must
be administered so as to i'm