davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-08-16
Storm Hill

I was delighted to read that
Sam Rayburn has given his
powerful support" to plans
for a James Madison me-
mortal library, which would
be a great help to the teach
ers, writer's and scholars" in
the area-the ones interested
in the selected documents Of
Madison and his period" that
is.
One suggestion to Mr.. Ray
burn though: Why spend only
$50 million? Why not tear
down more homes and stores
on Capitol Hill, and build a
really big memorial library?
I'm sure Mr.. Madison would
be more pleased, and a few
more million dollars spent
on this worthy and necessary
project won't break the tax
payers.
Michael Sanders
- -
Now comes the Congress
Sional plan to spend for q
tiny two-story memorial to
that tiny two-Story President,
James Madison, SO million
more than Mr.. Hilton plans
to spend erecting the largest
hotel in Washington.
James MadiSon's achieve
ment in Congress was to push
adoption of the Bill of Rights
to protect people from the
Government, declaring, for
example, THE right Of the
people to be secure in their
persons, houses, papers and
effects shall not be viol-
ated." Now Congress is using
his name in q transparent
afterthought, trying to justify
terrorizing Capitol Hill by
throwing out of their houses
two city blocks full of persons,
along with their papers and
effects. Madison serves as q
weak excuse for Sterilizing
with dignity a place that is
now fun, where tourists and
others can get down to earth
with a bottle Of beer or a
friendly pizza after the mon
StrouS monotonouS monu-
mentality of the Capitol
buildings.
1t makes one wonder just
who Congress represents.
They plan to rob their con-
StituentS of 80 cents apiece,
including the newly born and
those living on food stamps,
for the glory of-who was
that again? Just how many
Congressman would volun-
tarily give zoe for him?
Or does Congress represent
some construction interests
that could use a fast $39
million?
Peter Glickert
Evening star., 1961-08-16
Willing to Compete

Spokesman for steel management
and labor, often bitterly at odds across
the bargaining table, have closed ranks
in eommendable and realistic manner
in testimony before the House Labor
Committee. Appearing in connection
with the committees study of the
impact Of export and import trade on
employment In this country, represent
atives of the United States Steel Cor
poration and of the United Steelworkers
OF America took similar positions against
either tariff or quota restrictions on
steel imports into American markets.
Only at its own economic and
political peril, r. Conrad Cooper, exec
utive vice president of the big steel
concern, told the committee, can an
industrial nation place unilateral OBJ
StacleS in the way of international trade.
For the steel union, Mayer Bernstein,
international affairs director, was quick
to express agreement, adding that in
the long run labor would lose much
more than it would gain by an arbitrary
restriction on imports of steel products.
1t is particularly noteworthy that
this position is being taken by both
management and labor at time when
increasing production of steel products
abroad is offering steadily growing COM
petition to American makers. Further
more, 1860 was the second year in row
that the United States has been a net
importer of steel. While Japan and the
East European bloc centered around
the Soviet Union have been recording
the largest percentage increases in pro-
duction, the area that figures highest
in our own export-import picture is
that Of the United Kingdom and the
Common Market group in West Europe.
BY far the bulk of our steel trade, both
ways, is with this region and it's current
rate of dynamic industrial growth is
bound to be factor in the immediate
future.
Whether this competitive situation
is to add up to grave threat or a
magnificent opportunity, to cite the
alternatives mentioned by one COM
! mittee witness, will depend largely on
the productive efficiency and salesman
Evening star., 1961-08-16
Unofficial Forecasts

The weather hoaxers have
become SO numerous and un-
reliable that they should be
investigated along with drug
profiteers and TV give-away
shows. One of the local COM
mentators who modestly CD
advertises himself as the
best" weather forecaster in
the Washington area was
positive at seven pm. that
there would be no thunder
storm here. His statement was
accompanied by one of his
SNUG innuendoes about sunny
skies predicted by another
forecaster. BY 8 pm. a heavy
thunderstorm was in prog
ress. All of this license in
broadcasting the weathe er
forecast to the public is con-
fusing and misleading. 1t is a
misuse of the air channels.
The only excuse for taking
liberties with the official
forecast is when there is a
certainty that it is wrong and
these occasions are relatively
few. I have checked up on the
commentator who claims to
be the "beSt" forecaSter and
he misses more often than he
hits when he gives his own
version. Why not give the
Weather Bureau forecast
without change and credit it
definitely to the source, and
then if the broadcaster knows
better let him say so simply
as editorial comment?
Isn't there a matter of pro-
fessional ethics here, too? 1t
is my impression that pro-
fessional and scientific men
do not advertise that they are
the best" Is weather fore
casting a science or is it just
another commodity among
the many about which the
public is constantly pestered
over radio and TV? If mete-
orology is in the same class
as the selling of soap pow
ders, 1 suppose one should not
be surprised that the "best"
forecaster, as he calls him
self, talks like a huckSter.
Weather reports are COL
lected by the Government
from all over the world for
the public benefit. I would
like to see an investigation to
bring out the abuses of this
public information and its
Misrepresentation and mis-
leading exploitation for the
personal gain of a relatively
few broadcast commentators.
Under some weather circum-
stances, this can be dan
gerous. J. B. Andrews.
Evening star., 1961-08-16
THE PASSING SCENE
A WeH-BoIonced Supreme Court
BY RALPH McGILL

Ahead Of us stretch years
Of continuing constitutional
and political decisions. These,
when finally made, will bring
changes to US. Some will be
digested by the body polite
only with accompanying dis
tress and time.
One must turn back to
1901, when John Marshall,
himself a product of rough
and ready partisan politics,
became Chief Justice of the
United States. Through his
years on the bench he forged
our present concept of law
and the ConStitution-the
idea that the Nations great
document was, and is, resili-
ent and that it means what
the Supreme Court says it
does.
He, too, imposed the power
Of his personality and his
will on the tremendous,
shaping decisions which, like
sharp cutting tools, have
rough-hewed us into the
shape we now possess as a
government Of free peoples,
living under law and the
Constitution.
Because Of John Marshall,
Federal Judge Learned
Hand, one Of the great intel
lectS to grace the bench in
our times, said Of the Su-
preme Court Justices power
in dealing with the scope of
the Constitution:
THE words he must con-
Strue are empty vessels into
which he can pour nearly
anything he will"
OF Equal Voice
Each of the nine justices
has equal voice. But in the
private sessions of the court,
when decisions and points of
law are argued and discussed,
the Chief Justice can, If he
be a positive person of per-
suasive will, exert great in
fluence in creating a judicial
climate and philosophy.
In these discussions the
Chief Justice speaks first.
When the votes are taken his
is the final one.
These two facts, one per-
suasive, one positive, provide
him the mechanics of power,
limited only by his abilities
in each field.
Within a few weeks, the
United States Supreme Court
will convene for it's fall term.
Once again there will be
Evening star., 1961-08-16

vessels to be filled. The Con-
stitution will be called upon
to affirm the rights of citi-
Zens, to determine what Is
constitutional and what is
not.
Court Well Balanced
We are fortunate to have
so well balanced a court. The
appointment Of Earl Warren
as Chief Justice has proved
to be one Of the great selec-
tions for that important
position. Under him and the
associate justices the rights
OF citizens have been
strengthened, not weakened.
Not since slavery was
abolished has the court been
presented with questions
which so clos 9ly touch the
daily lives, customs, tradi-
tons and liberty of the
people.
Chief Justice Warren is a
man out of the American
mold. His paltry critics still
say that when he was Gov
enor he often compromised
the political problems con-
fronting him. Since we live
and are governed by men
who must be elected to office,
compromise is the essential
ingredient Of our form of
government. Without it, two
opposing factions or ideas
lock horns and die, leaving
their bleached bones on the
hills Of anarchy.
But. unlike the politician
whose compromises include
principle and who has made
the good decent word poll
tician" almost an epithet,
Gov. Warren never once
acted without honor and in
tegrity.
He is a stubborn man. He
has a great respect for law.
Most Of all, he has a feel
ing for people and their
rights under law.
Therefore, those who ex-
pected him to show judicial
patience with what seemed
an inequality of the law or
the rights of citizens gen.
orally have been bitterly dis
appointed in him.
Some call him a middle
of-the-roader.
And he is.
But such middle-of-the-
readers themselves determine
where the middle is.
This he has done.
Evening star., 1961-08-16

ship of the American steel industry
meaning the combination of capital,
management and labor. Past perform
ance alone is not enough to assure
future success. but there is an encour-
aging spirit of confidence reflected in
the circumstance that neither the
industry nor the labor side is appealing
for governmental protection of markets
at home while seeking other markets
abroad.
Evening star., 1961-08-16

Joint research by United
States and Russian biochem-
lists at the National Cancer
Institute of the Public Health
Service has revealed the way
two kinds Of cancerouS cells
conduct their energy-pro-
ducing activity.
This was reported at the
just concluded World Con-
ference on Biochemistry in
Moscow by DR.. Dean Burk of
the Cancer Institute. As
sociated with DR.. Burk and
his colleagues was a Russian
investigator, DR.. Joseph F.
Seitz, who was a guest of the
Public Health Service.
DR.. Burk and his colleagues
have long studied cell me-
tabolism, or energy produc-
ton, in accord with q theory
which holds that cancer
causing agents reduce a cells
ability to use oxygen to con-
vert sugar into energy. Sugar
is one of the essential body
fuels.
Fermentation Factor
While normal cells rely
almost exclusively on a pro-
cess requiring oxygen for its
burning" malignant cells
also employ a process which
requires no oxygen. This is
fermentation.
A few years ago the Cancer
Institute group was able to
attribute the high level of
fermentation in malignant
cells to a breakdown in the
hormon al system which
normally controls one step
in the energy production.
They tested and confirmed
the ability of several anti
cancer agents to restore the
missing control.
"The results also have furn-
ished evidence" according to
the report, "of a difference in
the rates of fermentation by
both normal and leukemia
cells of the lymph system
and those Of bone marrow in
the presence of oxygen. Fur
ther studies are underway to
determine whether normal
and leukemia cells differ in
respect to their breathing.
A finding of such a differ
ence might enable drugs to
be designed which would
attack cancerouS cells only.
The tendency of known anti
cancer drugs is to damage
normal as we'll as malignant
cells. This constitutes one Of
the most difficult problems
in cancer chemotherapy.
4
Viruses, the invisible mi
Evening star., 1961-08-16
Berrymon's Cheek

Jim Berryman's August 10
satirical cartoon depicting
Khrushchev kissing his space
voyager) filled me with dis
gust at the narrowminded-
ness of this editorial car
toonist."
The man-to-man embrace
conveys the feeling we,
through our custom, express
in a warm handshake and
such ignorance will surely
diSenchant other nations who
practice similar customs,
France, for example. Mr.
Bergman could certainly
find subjects Of greater
depth and intelligence to
Satirize.
Let us not fall prey to
degradation of others for our
Self-elevation, rather, let us
fight for our customs and
freedoms with truth and
fact. C. H. Landenberger.
&& -
Cartoonist Bergman is
boorishly vulgar in ridiculing
Russian Spaceman Titov's
"Hero's Welcome in Moscow"
by calling attention to the
Russian (and generally Eu-
ropean) custom Of notables
kissing on ceremonial occa-
Sions. It is slanderous to U. S.
spacemen Shepard and
GrisSom to suggest that they
share Berryman's idea of
"humor." Finally it-most
discouragingly-reflects that
hard-core body Of patriotic"
sentiment CONTRARY to the
usual practice of The Star
and its cartoonists) that re-
fuses to concede any ac-
complishment (be it in
science or sport) to our
Soviet competitors. It's so
much more sophisticated to
laugh" the whole thing off.
Y. NibrOc.
Evening star., 1961-08-16
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDriters' correct
names and addresses. Al let
terS are subject to condensd-
tion. Those not used tDtll be
returned only when accom-
panied by self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-08-16
Military MoIiqned

You certainly have q cap
able group of writers who
keep us well informed on all
fronts. However, they all, at
one time or another, appear
to fall back on the old saw
Of using the military as a
whipping boy-I don't know
why, except that it probably
is fashionable nowadays, con-
sidering all the situations
that have military aspects
every day. This is fine when
criticism is merited, and the
press should by all means
point out specific cases of
inadequate performance on
. the part Of any public
servants, be they military or
civilian, high or low on the
Government totem pole. But
certainly when these learned
writer's speak in generalitieS
about alleged malfeasances
of our military, they actually
render a diSservice to us, the
reading public, in that they
create a cloud of miStruSt, a
downgrading, in the eyes of
the public, towards our mill
tary. I wonder if they could
not be more specific in point
ing out the alleged failings of
the military, for is not every
dollar spent on military
budgets actually an invest
ment towards our future
safety and which concerns
each one Of us these days,
no matter where we live or
what we do?
Let us not forget the words
of the late Admiral King
when he was called to head
the Navy by President Reose-
velt in World War II. He
said at that time, Whenever
they get in trouble, they al
ways call in the S.O.B.'s."
Also I believe General Max
well Taylor has written in his
book words to the effect that
before decisions are made by
topside civilians in the De-
tense Department, the voice
of the military had better be
heard. Glad to see that he is
now in a place where his
voice can be heard. I hope it
is a good one.
A. "A. Abbott.
4 y +
It has been a long time
since I have read so much
consummate hogwash, passed
off in the guise Of intelligent
opinion, as was expressed by
Wilbur Potherby (Star, Aug.
10). He says, in brief: It is
stupid to believe that military
leaders have anything good
to offer civilization; military
life is the bottom of human
intelligence (this is the same
as saying it is warmer in the
spring than it is in the coun-
try; it would be a blessing
to keep our children in igno-
rance of the country's mill
tary history; except for the
Revolutionary War, our mill
tary history is not worth
remembering!
At a time when our coun-
try is facing a great crisis,
why do you give valuable
space to such obvious trash?
william r. POague.
Evening star., 1961-08-16

@. To what United States
President was President
Franklin D. Roosevelt re-
lated?-J. A.
A. Genealogists established
that Mr.. Roosevelt was re-
lated by blood, or connected
by marriage, with Presidents
Evening star., 1961-08-16

@. In what United States
storm was the greatest num-
ber Of lives lost?-A. H.
A. The greatest loss of life
resulted from the Texas
Louisiana hurricane of Sep
tember 8, 1900, which killed
thousands of people in Gal
weston alone when a tidal
wave swept over the city.
More than 5,02o persons lost
their lives in this major dis
aster.
Evening star., 1961-08-16

George Washington, John
Adams, James Madison, John
Quincy Adams, Martin Van
Buren,, william Henry Harri-
son, Zachary Taylor, Ulysses
S. Grant, Benjamin Harrison,
Theodore Roosevelt and Will
liam Howard Taft.
Evening star., 1961-08-16
Questions and Answers
BY THE HASKINS SERVICE

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B.
Evening star., 1961-08-16

@. What is a workman's
perquisite?-E. Y.
A. The word refers to the
furnishing by employers Of
food, lodging, and other pay
ments in kind to workers in
addition to monetary COM
pensation. Thus, mattresses
are generally allowed a GER
tain number Of meals; board
and lodging are usually sup
piled to workers in lumber
camps, and sometimes to
farm labor.
Evening star., 1961-09-11

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Evening star., 1961-03-26
Foreign Aid:
New Approach

President Kennedy on Wednes-
day called for q "fresh ap-
proach" to foreign aid, shifting
the emphasis from security to
collective economic development.
Congress last week received the
Presidents proposal for new
look at mutual security" best
known as foreign aid. The Ken
nedy philosophy is based on ac-
ceptance Of United States lines
capable responsibility" for assist
ing under-d developed nations of the
world. The obligation, the Presi-
dent said, was moral, economic,
and political"
Economic development and po-
litical democracy could be aided
at one and the same time, the
lawmakers were told, II the United
States worked out a long-term,
adequately financed and carefully
directed program, avoiding short
term" commitments and involve
ment in "crisis situations"
The President asked Congress
to create new agency for for
eign aid, with authority to borrow
$7.3 billion from the Treasury In
the next five years. If Congress
accepts this proposal, the annual
battle between the White House
and Congress over foreign aid ap-
propriations win be avoided.
Mr.. Kennedy did not estimate
the total cost Of the program. But
he left no room for doubt that his
goals are sweeping.
Evening star., 1961-03-26
A Surprise Angle

Perhaps the surprising element,
as the House defeated q compro-
mise Kennedy minimum wage bill,
was the fact that the Republican
Southern Democratic coalition
won by only one vote, 1856 to 1876.
Forty or more Representatives,
who probably have not read Mr..
Kennedy's "Profiles In Courage"
ducked the vote.)
The main fight was over the
question Of expanding coverage
for new workers. Originally, Mr..
Kennedy asked that 4.3 million
more jobs be covered by minimum
wage provisions. In an attempt
to avert defeat, he accepted a
compromise reducing the number
to 81 million. He would not COM
promise on the principle that COW
erage Of retail stores be based on
dollar volume of sales ($1 million
or more) or that the hourly in
crease pay be pegged at SIPS after
two years.
The coalition substitute meas
ure, which carried 216 to 203 on
q roll-can vote, calls for an in
crease to $1.15, with newly covered
workers to receive 81, and adopts
this formula: Only businesses
with five or more outlets in two
or more States are to be covered.
Evening star., 1961-03-26
Ancient Terrors

While the Congo problem served
to keep the cold war at the u. N.
from defrosting, native tribes now
relieved Of the long. strict Belgian
control were revivins ancient ter
rors. IN Kivu Province. and along
the border between the Congo ana
Portuguese Angola, tribesmen were
numbering whites with q ferver
that brought swift cooperation
between Mr.. Gizenga's Congolese
troops and the u. N. emergency
forces.
This was, by all odds, the most
heartening development Of the
week inside the troubled, torn
African nation whose days Of
freedom have been days Of strife,
whose independence" has been a
grim, hungry and bloody travesty
since Belgium's King Baudoin,
with elaborate ceremony, handed
over sovereignty last July to a
nation" without nationality, to
political leaders" who led fac
tions, not peoples, and indirectly
to European entrepeneurs whose
vested interests in a colonial
Congo we're totally disrespectful
Of political freedoms.
Evening star., 1961-03-26
The Budget:
Deficits Due

President Kennedy on Friday
presented . revised Federal
budget to Congress. He pre-
dicted q deficit Of at least SIS
bilIiOn-apart from the costs Of
an increased military program
to be announced tomorrow.
q new President ought to
have at least 80 days or something
Of that kind before he meets his
first Congress. Because now
the old President has got to put
these things in and the new Presi-
dent has different ideas, he Just
has to start changing them right
away. It seems a little bit silly to
me-"
These words came from Presi-
dent Eisenhower at his final
White House news conference on
January 18. One of "these
things" which he indicated was
an exercise Of Illustration and fu-
tiliy for an outgoing Chief Execu-
tive, was the budget message.
Although Mr.. Eisenhower's sue
cessor, John F. Kennedy, might
agree that the present method of
operation Is q "bit silly" there is
little reason to believe he has OBJ
jected to changing certain recon-
mendationS Of the old adminiStra-
ton.
On Friday. after more than two
months Of studying the Eisen-
hover fiscal 1862 budget and the
current economic picture and
prospects, Mr.. Kennedy sent Con-
greSs his revised financial plan
for the coming year.
Evening star., 1961-03-26

ing, 1--WE may have lost a battle,
but not the war by a long sight"
The final Senate version has
not yet been determined. But
when it goes to conference with
the bill approved by the House,
the chances are that the final
product will be a good deal less
than the President desires.
If minimum wage has given
Mr.. Kennedy a maximum head
ache, he doubtless has found
some relief in the fact that Con-
gresS last week passed two meas
ures he badly wanted. He prompt
ly affixed his signature to them.
They were:
o A 1927 million bill to provide
up to 13 more weeks Of unem-
ployment compensation to sew
eral million workers whose bene-
fits have run out. The first
checks will be forwarded early
in April.
Q An emergency feed grain bill
designed to cut paintings for the
1861 crop, reduce Government
surplus storage costs and increase
farmers income.
Evening star., 1961-03-26

told a news conference in Palm
Springs Friday that he had
discussed the Laotian crisis with
President Kennedy by telephone,
and that the United States policy
toward Laos remained the same as
it had been under the Eisenhower
regime. But it was readily appar-
ent last week that the United
States has accepted tthe idea Of g.
''neutralist" Laos, which represents
a major alteration in the policy
prevailing previously.
Laotian Prince Souvanna Phou-
ma, whose neuwalist government
was ousted by the Boun Gum
regime now in power. said in Cairo
Friday that his program Of neu-
tralism has sat last" been accepted
by the United States. Prince
Souvanna, believed by many diplos
mats to be the one man who could
head q successful neutral govern
ment in Laos, is on q world tour
seeking support for q 14-nation
international commission to guar
antee peace and neutrality to his
troubled country.