davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1961-05-12

whether there is "need'' for inte-
grafton.
Proponents of compulsory mem
bership in the State Association did
not argue the inherent power is
sue, because in petitioning the court
they assumed the power existed. They
argued the need on the basis of
Improvement of the profession, abil-
ity to speak as one voice, educational
purposes, political influence and sui
ficient money to carry on public
relations program to overcome the
decrease in prestige" and the "sus-
picion" that surrounds the legal pro-
fession. (See VOICE, 5-5-61).
Ben Berg, Bozeman, president-elect
of the Montana Bar Association and
master of ceremonies for proponents,
said eve have come to an age of
social consciousness" and if lawyers
are to survive, they "must be pre-
pared to meet the problems thrust
upon u.s.. "Integration" Berg said,
sswill make honest and patriotic peo-
pie out of members of the barr.
s'OLD AS THE LEGAL
PROFESSION"
Dean Robert Sullivan, MSU law
school, favoring compulsory MEM
bership, spoke about the facts and
necessity of Indignation as seen
through history. He said the "inher-
ent power" concept is not new; that
it is Gas old as the legal profession.
Leo Kottas and L. v. Harris, Hell
ena, attacked the ancient concept of
inherent power in governing bodies,
contending the question was whether
the American people fought revo-
luton to get away from the precepts
of Divine proclamation. Kottas de-
clared the right of free speech car
ried with it the right to keep silent;
that the right of free assembly car
ried with it the right, not to assemble
and that the claw walks on two feet.
Continued On Page Four)
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1961-05-12

increase IN gas TdJ0S.
eve are very much afraid" he
said, "that if Montana Power gets
what it seeks our gas price will be
dangerously near non-competitive
status with other fuels such as bot
tied gas and OIL"
! ssThe Great Falls firm is a con-
tract customer of MPCo. and will be
forced to increase gas prices. This
is the time to fight he told the con-
sumers group which was organized
May 2 to oppose rate increase. eve
will help your group in any way we
can because we are all in this to-
gether."
are in New York to hire the best
consultants available and probably
two rate men from the firm of Stone
& Webster will attend the Public
Service Commission hearings on May
% and July IL, but he said the many
technical aspects of the case require
a number of experts and praised the
intention of the consumers associa-
ton to hire additional consultants.
eve are the only contract custo-
mer of Montana Power whose rates
.have been brought into this case,'
McCracken said, land other custo-
mers like the Anaconda Company
and Ideal Cement should be included"
eve want the entire gas bust
ness of Montana Power from the
well through subsidiary companies
to the customers pilot put the
table and given total review by
the PSC We want to be sure
other contract customers are car
rying their share of the burden"
WOULD AFFILIATE
WITH OTHER GROUPS
The purpose of the meeting was
to discuss a statewide utilization |
with other groups, in this particular
case, but the Great Falls consumer
group is forming permanent organi-
zation.
Other speakers included Rep. (Dr.)
M. F. Keller, Grin Cure and P. J.
Gilfeather.
Bill Jones, electrical engineer rep
resenting the Montana Power Com
pany, said the rate increase is needed
Evening star., 1961-06-04

Virginia's Democratic primary
campaign for three top Offices
unlike intra-party contests of pre-
vious years when every man was
for himSelf-has developed into a
race between opposing tickets"
Winners of the Democratic
nomination for Governor, Lieu
tenant Governor and attorney
general on July II are virtually
assured Of election in November,
based on past experience.
1T is possible that both tickets
will be represented among the
winners.
Because the Governor sets pol
icy and the Lieutenant Governor.
as presiding officer Of the State
Senate, can play an important
role in establishing policy, The
Star asked the candidates for
these two offices to answer 10
questions dealing with issues
Evening star., 1961-06-04

which are apt to confront the win
nerS during the next four years.
AlbertiS S. Harrison, jr., former
attorney general, is running for
Governor, and State Senator Mills
E. Goodwin, jr. of Suffolk, for
Lieutenant Governor, on a slate
which has the backing of most Of
the Byrd organization.
The present Lieutenant Gov
ernor, A. E. S. Stephens of Smith
field, who has described the Byrd
organization as "a Smooth-run-
ming machine operated by a close,
exclusive inner circle :" is run
ming for Governor. His ticket
mate is State Senator Armistead
L. Boothe of Alexandria.
Each of the candidates was
asked to limit his answers to a
total of 1000 words. Here are the
questions and the answers of each
candidate in full and in his own
words:
Evening star., 1961-06-04

HARRISON - Pending a COM
prehensive study that would evolve
and insure a fair and reasonable
literacy test to those persons who
would vote, and would provide a
method to keep current the list
of those residents of the State who
are entitled to vote, I would not
favor any change in our present
voting laws.
The requirement that a poll tax
be paid does provide a current list
of all persons who are residents
of the State. A poll tax require
ment does not restrict anybody
from exercising his right to vote.
Facts from the State Board of
Elections prove this.
In 1860, IL million persons paid
their poll taxes in Virginia. Only
TIL 900 voted. With reference to
the blank paper registration, the
constitution of Virginia provides
Evening star., 1961-06-04
FREEDOM RIDER sIDELIGHTs
Human Element in MONTGOMERY

risked mob action. They have
been arrested. Many will &C.
knowledge that they are scared.
For the most part they have be-
haved with personal restraint and
even dignity.
Most of them appear to be
zealotS of a kind, real or con-
verted. A Negro youth stood out
side Montgomery's Union station
and talked. Il want my people
free" he said.
PoIiteness Prevoils
Not all are Freedom Riders" in
the sense they are part of the
sponsored movement. Among these
was the Rev. william S. Coffin,
jr., chaplain at Yale, and three
New England professors, who had
a brief sojourn in the Mont
gomery jail. They came on their
own. When they left they shook
hands with Maj. Gen. Henry v.
Graham, who was Montgomery's
military commander, and other
National Guard officers.
For quite a while in Mont
gomery's airport terminal, the
Rev. Mr.. Coffin and Gen. Graham,
surrounded by Guardsmen and
others, stood and debated the
matter as quietly as they might
have a Kantian theory. Neither
persuaded the other but one of
the professors was impressed. He
was glad to learn, he said, there
were people in the South who
could and would discuss the racial
subject calmly.
Mature Of Charges
The Freedom Riders" who were
jailed in Montgomery and Jack
son were charged with breach
of the peace. Officials were care
full to avoid any mention of the
segregation laws of the two States,
even emphasizing the point. This
was done to provide a legal basis
for attempting to confine the issue
to the State courts. But no one
really expects this will be the case.
You know what will happen"
said a Montgomery official.
They'll be convicted here. The
State Supreme Court will uphold
the conviction. Then it will go to
the United States Supreme Court,
and you know what will happen
to us there"
The MorshoIs' Role
How effective are United States
marshals in a situation like that
in Montgomery?
Everyone on hand credits the
Evening star., 1961-06-04

G0DWIN-I am opposed to the
adding of any additional or new
State taxes on top of those taxes
which the people of Virginia are
presently paying. The continued
economic growth and the future
industrial development of Virginia
should provide sufficient revenues
to cover all of our financial needs
on the State level. 80
The government of Virginia over
the past 80 years has earned a
well-deserved reputation for pro-
viding the best possible services
for each dollar of taxes collected.
With continuation of this policy,
Virginia should be able to take
care of its needs without any new
taxes.
Evening star., 1961-06-04

BOOTHE-The question of re-
peal of the poll tax as a pre-
requisite to voting should be i'm
mediately submitted to the people.
I am inclined to favor an early
advisory referendum so that the
question can be answered clearly
by the people. If the vote is in
the affirmative then the Legis-
lature must establish literacy
tests and must protect the regis
tration procedure.
Evening star., 1961-06-04

STEPHENS-I have made no
real study of an alternative plan
in the event tuition grants and
our freedom -of-choice school pro-
gram should be stricken down. In
this event it would be my reaction
to reSubmit the entire question to
a commission consisting of the
best available minds.
would. however, not approach
this question on the assumption
that more massive resistance is
necessary.
Evening star., 1961-06-04

.BOOTHE - For the State, no.
For the localities, yes.
The best possible forecasts in
dicate that the State revenues
through June 80, 1864, will be
sufficient for the State to continue
its present operations and expand
them by approximately 20 per
cent, following the pattern of the
last IL years. The plight of the
localities is different story. They
are burdened with debts totaling
more than half a billion dollars.
New sources of revenue must be
found to enable them to reduce
this Indebtedness and to meet fu-
ture needs.
AS far as the State is concerned
no new sources should be neces-
sary before June 30, 1864. How
ever, if our estimates of revenues
are too high and our estimates of
expenditures are too low, the diff
ference can be made up by enact
ing a State withholding tax on
incomes. This would yield 81 mil
lion or more each year and would
serve as an adequate cushion.
The localities some day will
need a sales tax. This should not
be enacted until the people of the
counties, cities and towns make
Evening star., 1961-06-04
BY CECIL HOLLAND
Star Staff Writer

Further thoughts from Mont
gomery: AS the airliner scared off
toward Atlanta, one left behind
an uneasy peace.
Most of the United States
marshals were gone. Military rule
had ended at midnight. The is
sue had moved into the courts
where it will have to be decided,
if it is decided at all. For the
time being order prevailed.
But one left Montgomery with
the feeling that the South'S
travail over the racial question
was far from over. Nothing final
had been solved.
The Freedom Riders" we're
still probing. Summer might bring
a surcease but ahead was fall
and the reopening of schools with
more court-ordered steps toward
desegregation.
A meandering return home con-
firmed this. In Tennessee, which
has had its share of racial trou-
bles, many we're deeply concerned
about this.
Whatever their differences and
their dislike of integration, re-
sponsible people were agreed on
one thing: Mob action. as in
Montgomery, must be prevented.
1--WE intend to do everything we
can to see that that doesn't hap
pen," said a Tennessee official.
Not All Are Students
The Freedom Riders" have been
referred to as students. Many
but by no means all of Them are.
1t has been years since some of
them, white and colored. have
been students.
Those passing through Mont
gomery, or finding temporary
stopping place in the county
jail, ranged in age from 18 to
A. Several are ministers. One
identified himself as a New
Orleans longshoreman. A Negro
girl said she was a professional
picket, currently unemployed.
One 19-year-old white youth
who said he was from Central
State College in Ohio came
down with a 21-year-old fellow
student to gather material, so
he said, for articles and a radio
program. He joined a group of
Freedom Riders" and wound up
in Jail in Jackson, Miss.
Most are imbued, especially
the Negro Riders" with a kind
of mystical fervor. They have
Evening star., 1961-06-04

GODWIN-I subscribe to the
philosophy of government that
the government should help the.
people help themselves. Following
this philosophy however, I recog-
nize that with the tremendous
growth which is taking place in
Virginia now, there is a need for
the State to continue to improve
its services in the field of educa-
ton, mental health, public health
and especially industrial and ur-
ban development, and highways.
Evening star., 1961-06-04

this decision, make their voices
heard and direct their Senators.
and Delegates to advocate and
support a necessary sales tax.
When this decision is made the.
State should cooperate with the.
localities either in permitting local
sales taxes or enacting a State
wide minimum sales tax whose
proceeds can go to the localities.
Evening star., 1961-06-04

STEPHENS-In reapportioning
seats in the General Assembly,
population and area should be the
controlling factors. Due consider
alton must be given to the fact
that Virginia is now urban rather
than rural. ...
Evening star., 1961-06-04

marshals, sent to Montgomery by
President Kennedy, with prevent
ing a tragedy when the Sunday
night rioters besieged a Negro
church where 1000 or more were
meeting. They held the mobsters
in check, using tear gas, until
State highway patrolmen and
Montgomery police, moved to the
scene.
But the use of marshals, their
deputies, Alcohol Tax Unit agents
and such, leaves something to be
desired, For one thing, they wore
civilian clothes. A distinctive yel-
low arm band which some wore
was hardly enough of a mark of
authority as uniform might have
been in situation like this.
Most of them came from South
ern States and had no heart for
the work they were called on to
perform. Many never had had any
experience in this sort of thing.
Some were recent appointees and
some had never been called on for
more demanding. work than serv-
ing summons or carrying out
well-establiShed routines around
a court. Some preferred to remain
quietly in the shadows when a
call went out for patrol work or
other chores.
But the most serious drawback
was the lack of training in work.
ing together. They lacked any
proper chain of command. When
they were called on to move
against the gathering unruly
crowd they moved in a ragged line.
New Bills in AIobomo
After much preliminary rumor
and discussion identical bills to
get up legal roadblock for
Freedom Riders" are before the
Alabama House and Senate.
The measures permit a fine of
up to $500 and a Jail term of up
to six months for anyone who
gives notice of his plans, then
commits an act so in conflict with
Alabama customs as likely to
cause a riot or breach of the
peace.
The measures would apply to
any previously announced act
which is calculated to or will
likely or probably outrage the
sense of decency and morals or
so violate or transgress the Gus
toms. pattern of life and habits
of the people of Alabama as to be
likely to cause riot or breach
of the peace. :"
Evening star., 1961-06-04

BOOTHE-Some part of high
way funds should be set aside for
those areas suffering the great
est emergencies from congested
roads. 1t would be only fair to
all of the State if highway funds
were used strictly for highway
purposes.
Evening star., 1961-06-04
Mills E. Goodwin. ir. (Ieft) ond Arm

HARRISON subscribe to Virginia's pay-as-you-
go method of financing highways We have built one
of the best highway systems in the country under
this system. Any diversion of highway funds to any
other purpose should be resisted.
The existing method of apportioning funds for
highway work has been the most satisfactory and
the farest one thus far devised. I therefore do not
favor any change at this time.
Evening star., 1961-06-04

HARRISON 1t is antieipated
that Virginia will continue to
grow in the future as in the past.
If so, this will necessarily call for
the expenditure of additional sums
to provide for proper services. This
is the pattern that has existed in
Virginia for many years. Virginia
is presently spending for essential
services one-quarter of a billion
dollars more each year than just
10 years ago.
1t is believed that, with proper
leadership, our economic growth,
increased efficiency in tax collec-
tions and proper economies in gov
ernment will continue to provide
the revenues necessary for essen
tial governmental needs.
am not the candidate for Gov
ernor who is running on a tax in
crease program. The people should
not be burdened with any increase
until every effort is exerted to pro-
vide the essential services and
meet the real needs in the manner
I have indicated.
Evening star., 1961-06-04

Stephens-We favor submitting
to the people the question of re-
pealing the poll tax required as
a prerequisite to voting. Person.
ally, I feel that the blank paper
registration law is wrong and
should be repealed.
Evening star., 1961-06-04

BOOTHE-The first service
which we must expand enormously
is that of industrial development.
During the current biennium we
are devoting less than six-tenths
of per cent of our budget to this
investment in Virginia's future.
Proper expenditure of three times
this amount would yield dividends
to all citizens and taxpayers in
the State
Our next most important invest
ment should be in education to
improve the status of teachers
and administrators, to raise the
quality of our public education
and to make college facilities avail
able for Virginia children who
are now denied them. OF course
we cannot neglect our health pro-
gram which is accomplishing little
less than miracles in conquoring
Evening star., 1961-06-04

STEPHENS-This is a difficult
question to answer just at this
stage primarily because the Fed
eral Aid to Education Bill is still
pending in Congress and the re-
port of the commission now study
ing our capital outlay needs will
not be available until August l,
1861. If the Federal Aid to Edu-
cation Bill is passed, the question
of teachers salaries will be taken
care of for at least the next BIZ
ennial.
The method of financing our
capital needs is giving me some
concern. I am confident that
additional funds will have to be
had, I am hopeful that our eco
nomic growth will furnish the
necessary additional funds but
am unwilling to rely completely on
this. If the revenues are not suffi-
cient I will recommend to the
General Assembly an overall in
crease in our present taxes or the
enactment of a general sales tax
law. The Legislature can then
make its own choice.
Evening star., 1961-06-04
Do you favor any changes in vrginas trespass laws?

HARRISON -. No. These laws
are designed to assure control by
an individual of the management
and use of his own private prop
erty. They have no racial con-
Evening star., 1961-06-04

HARRISON - 1t is necessary
that children be educated if they
are to compete in our modern day
society and evaluate and appraise
those ideas and ideologies which
vie for their allegiance and their
support. If education is to be uni
versal it must be free. Our public
school system is the best method
ever devised to provide universal
free education to all children.
While it is not conceivable that
Evening star., 1961-06-04

physical and mental diseases for
both children and adults. The
accelerated rehabilitat tion'
of handicapped people will be g.
great contribution to the economy.
of the Commonwealth. -,
Evening star., 1961-06-04

STEPHENS - The only new
service I recommend is a COM
pletely new Setup on industrial
development. In all other cate-
gories, I favor improvement, and
necessary expansion. in our pres
ent services.
Evening star., 1961-06-04

that every application for regis
tration must be in an applicants
"own handwriting, without aid,
suggestion or memorandum" and
must state and give certain in
formation. However, any applicant
who can read and write can make
this application, for he is entitled
to have before him at the time he
makes application the provisions
of the constitution and the stat
utes which set forth exactly the
information he should give in the
application.
Evening star., 1961-06-04

GODWIN-I am in favor Of.
complying with the constitutional
mandate that the State be reap
portioned every 10 years. The
legislative districts of the General
Assembly should be equitably and,
fairly reapportioned on the basis
of several factors. The most i'm
portant of which are population,
number of political subdivisions
contained within the district and
area. Virginia has a record of
having always made fair and rea-
sonable reapportionments. In my
opinion, this record will continue,
Evening star., 1961-06-04

HARRISON The Constitution
requires that the State be reap
portioned every 10 years. This
mandate of the Constitution should
and will be obeyed. Seats in the
General Assembly should be equit-
ably and fairly reapportioned hav-
ing due regard for population,
area, number of political subdi-
visions served by a member, and
numerous other factors.
/ was a member of the last Re-
districting Commission and Vir-
ginia is recognized as having done
Evening star., 1961-06-04

HARRISON - Virginia has for
many years operated successfully
under the existing Alcoholic Bev-
erage Control law. I feel that the
burden is upon those who advo-
cate change in our ABC laws
to show that the cause of temper
ance would be promoted by such a
change and that there is a better
method of control than that now
in existence. I am not presently
persuaded.
Evening star., 1961-06-04

an outstanding job in its reap
portionment of the State in 1852.
There is no reason to anticipate
that a proper reapportionment
will not be affected in 1862.
Evening star., 1961-06-04

GODWIN-At the present time
I am not in favor of any change
in the voting laws. The poll tax
law does not prevent anyone
from exercising his right to vote
and it is the simplest and most
economical way of keeping the
list of eligible voters current. A.,
number of States require annual
registration. This, in my opinion,
would be a much more burden"
som requirement on the exercise
of the right to vote than the
present poll tax law. 81,
The so-called blank paper reg
istration law is a requirement Of
the Constitution of Virginia which
has been in existence ever since
1902. To my knowledge no one
has ever proposed changing this
constitutional provision.
Evening star., 1961-06-04

notation and have been the law
of Virginia for many years.
Evening star., 1961-06-04

HARRISON - The constitution
of Virginia was amended by the
people of this State in 1856 to
permit the General Assembly and
local governing bodies to appropri-
ate public funds for Virginia stu
dents to attend certain public and
non-sectarian private schools. By
reason of this amendment to the
constitution, and the implements
ing legislation that followed, Vir-
ginia provides tuition grants for
use by any child who desires to at
tend these schools. This is the
heart and essense of the freedom
of choice program.
do not think there is even a re-
mote possibility that this provision
of Virginia's constitution will ever
be invalidated. If, at some time
in the future the tuition grant
Evening star., 1961-06-04

Do you favor any changes in
BOOTHE-All in all, with our
State liquor laws working as well
as they are, I feel they should
be left alone.
Evening star., 1961-06-04

BOOTHE-Even without the
present tuition grant, the local
assignment plan will serve to keep
our schools open with a minimum
amount of difficulty in any given
jurisdiction.
Evening star., 1961-06-04

Would amending the State constitution the
requirement for maintaining public schools?
BOOTHE-Unequivocaly GOpwN-No. q
Do favor changes State voting laws particularly the
registration law? 20,
Evening star., 1961-06-04
appropang

lallClhg OF appFOpFlatlng IundS TOT highway Work!
STEPHENS-It is my recommendation that the
code of highway laws be completely studied 1t strikes
me that other factors such at rate of growth should
be added to our formula for distributing highway
funds.
Certainly the present method is working ire
mendous hardship those sections of Virginia that
have grown rapidly during the last two decades.
Evening star., 1961-06-04
STEPHENS-,No.

any State would ever fail or re-
fuse to provide such education,
irrespective of any constitutional
mandate, can see no occasion for
amending our Virginia constitu-
tion and removing the require
ment for maintaining public
schools. I, therefore, answer your
inquiry in the negative.