davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-05-31
silverplated chatting dish

The bride loves using this decorative.
beautifully mode siIverpIoted ehofine
dish by international. 1t includes Iidded
dish with corYine handle, wornnine
pan, three-Ieeeed stond and adjustable
alcohol burner. Select from the follow
ing styles to complement her fIotwore
pattern: Plain, RoeheII, Godroon,
Rocco, Americon Rose, and Joonne.
$3.50
Please odd 1929 Federal tox
W5L-SiIver Room, st Floor;
also Chevy Chose, Wheaton Plozo,
7 Corners and alexandria
Evening star., 1961-05-31
international sterling silver
flatware savings

Savings on Apiece place settings by
International. Choose from our out
standing selection of sterling silver pot
terms and save by purchasing four a
1;ara oInra seffinrs
The Arizona post., 1961-09-08
Educator Lushes
Secular Schools

H A l. L IB u r T o N, Ont.
CJTA) - A leading Jewish
educator charged here that
Jewish education in the Unit
ed States was ''tragically in
adequate" and was mo fur
ther advanced than was Sec
ular education in America at
the turn of the century"
DR.. Max Baer, national di-
rector of the B'nai Birth
Youth Organization, told the
annual convention of B'nai
Birth Young Adults here
that there must be "a dras-
tic overhauling of the cur
riculum in Jewish schools SO
that it will be child-centered
instead of subject-centered,
reflecting the needs of to-
days youth, not of their
grandparents"
The Arizona post., 1961-09-08
Many Mixed
Marriages
In Germany

MAINZ, Germany (JTA)-
A Topographic study dealing
with West German Jewry, is
sued at MainZ University,
showed that 59.1 per cent of
all Jewish marriages in this
country since 1915 have been
mixed marriages"
The study showed also that
of 1,166 newly born children
in the Jewish communities in
this country between 1851
and 1858, only II were of "all-
Jewish" extraction.
The study, a dOctOral dis
Sertation by DR.. Harry Maor,
of Tel Aviv, showed that only
one-fifth of the newly born
Jewish children were listed as
members of the Jewish COM
munities here and were en-
rolled in Jewish, religious
and education programs.
DR.. Maor's figures showed
there are $4,000 Jews regis
tered officially in the West
German Jewish communities.
Most of them are concentrate
ed in the large centers like
West Berlin, Hamburg, Co
logne, Munich and Frankfurt.
There are u official Jewish
communities in West Ger
many, but Jews also reside
in smaller numbers in more
than 500 other localities in
this country.
The statistics also showed
that only four per cent of the
Jews here lived in Germany
before the NaZis wiped out
the Jewish communities.
Since 1915, about $4,000 Jews
have immigrated to Ger
many; 4, 800 of them from Is
rael, the others from 80 9th
er countries.
The study showed further
that about 5000 of the Jews
here now are pensioners, "
living on one form or another
of pensions or restitution
funds. About 5000 Jews are
active in the West German
economy.
The Arizona post., 1961-09-08
JWV Auxiliary

A regular meeting of the
Ladies Auxiliary of Jewish
War Veterans will be held
Sept. 25 at 7:45 pm. at the
center.
DR.. Thomas J. KesSon will
speak on hypnosis. He will
be introduced by the organi-
zation's president, Mrs.
Charles SuareZ.
At the meeting plans will
be made for a card party ben
eft to be held Oct. 21. Pro
ceeds will be used to pur-
chase a television set for the
Veterans Hospital. Mrs. AL
bert Hinden is chairman for
the affair.
The Arizona post., 1961-09-08
BIB JUnioreffes

The B'nai Birth Junior
cites will present a talent
show Sept. 16 at 8 pm. at the
Center.
Admission is a 25-cent do
nation for children under II
and SO cents for adults. The
public is invited.
The Arizona post., 1961-09-08
. . y
MRS. SAM KRUSS

MRS. SAM KRUSS return
ed this week from a trip
through the East. She visited
her daughters and their FAM
lilies in Baldwin, N. Y, stop
ped in Pittsburgh and then
visited her son, DIR. WILL
LIAMS and his family in
Streator, Ill. She also visited
the Kruss family in Chicago.
. . .
MRS. MILDRED X. WEI
NER writes that her father
passed away in New York
City on Aug. 81
The Arizona post., 1961-09-08

Ruth WALDNIAN IS UdCN
home after an interesting
summer trip that carried her
to New York, Florida and
the British West Indies. In
New York she stayed with
the JOHN ALBALAs. At the
Savoy-Hilton in New York
Ruth met MURIEL STEIN
BERG and had cocktails with
golfer Sam Snead =.
The Arizona post., 1961-09-08
IINIIInInIIluIIIIIIuIIuIIIllIlIUIIulInlIlIIlII
Births
NnHN!IIIIIII!I!II!I!I!!!III!!I!!!!!I!II!!NIIln

To Mr.. and Mrs. Zack
zimmerman a daughter, Ally
son Fern, 8 lbs. 2 ozs., on
Aug. 25.
Grandparents are Mr.. and
Mrs. Arthur zimmerman of
Brooklyn and Mr.. and Mrs.
J. Rothstein of Brooklyn.
The Arizona post., 1961-09-08
RABBI MARCUS BREG
IIIlIIHIIIIlIlIlIIIIlIlnIIIIIlllllIIlInIlnllll

RABBI MARCUS BREG-
recalls the time when he
we'd in India as a chap
n. Going into the Officers
db, Chaplain Breger asked
PM Ca New York liberal
Wspaper now out of circu-
tion).
The attendant looked red
lced and told Chaplain Bre-
er there wasn't any PM in
ae entire club. Several days
lter Chaplain Breger again
sked for PM and was told
mere wasn't any available.
'inally the attendant told the
Iabbi that he was surprised
hat a chaplain would be
wanting PM, but that the
lub Just didn't carry that
rand of whiskey.'
The Arizona post., 1961-09-08

HARRISBURG, Pa, (JTA)
Miss Anne x. Alpern, the
first woman Attorney Gener-
al of Pennsylvania, recently
became the first woman ap-
pointee to the Pennsylvania
Supreme Court.
The Arizona post., 1961-09-08
found The Town
Observation-Disclosures

lis. Both mayors are Jewish
and friends of Mr.. RutZ .
The Arizona post., 1961-09-08
CARL FOREMAN, nephew
of MRS. SONYA GOLD
MIR. AND MRS. DAVID

A. BLOOM will spend next
week attending conventions
of retail clothiers in New
York City. They will also
visit relatives and friends
there. Mr.. Bloom is a mem
Der of the board of directors
of the American Institute of
Mems and Boys Wear. ..
The Arizona post., 1961-09-08
o o o
MEYER RUTZ was i

MEYER RUIZ was in Min
neapolis when the New York
Yankees played the Twins
and a special presentation
was made to home-run hit
ting Roger Maris of Fargo,
N. D. Making the presenta-
ton were Mayors Herschel
Lashkowitz of Fargo and Ar
thur Naftalin of Minneapo-
The Arizona post., 1961-09-08
IIIUIINIInIIIIIINlllIIIIlIIIIIIIlIlIIIllIlMIIn

To Mr.. and Mrs. Sam
Rubin, a daughter, Elizabeth
Ann, 8 lbs. 7 ozs., on Aug. 81.
Grandparents are Mr.. and
Mrs. Robert Brovas and Mr..
Ike Rubin.
. o 0
To Mr.. and Mrs. Marvin
Hoffman a daughter, Janice
Barbara, 5 lbs. 8 ozs., on
Aug. 80.
Grandparents are Mrs.
Elizabeth Hoffman of Pitts
burgh, Mr.. Hyman Hollander
of Pittsburgh and Mrs. Tillie
Hollander of Tucson.
The Arizona post., 1961-09-08
ABE PERELMAN is

turning home this weekend
from Cleveland where he was
hospitalized most of the sum-
mer. He wishes to thank all
of his friends here for their
best wishes during his ill
ness
The Arizona post., 1961-09-08
o Q .
CAL TNT NADIA -

SALLY TOBIAS is now as
sociated with J. G.. GRANT
REALTY co. MIR. AND
MRS. ALEX WEISS made a
trip through the South last
month and then went into
New York City where they
picked up their daughter, RE
GINA, who returned from
studying in Israel and in
France. Regina has left for
Berkeley to work on her mas
ter's degree at the University
of California :.
The Arizona post., 1961-09-08

lis. Both mayors are Jewish
and friends of Mr.. RutZ &.
MORRIS SOHN wishes to
thank all his friends for their
cards and calls during his
illness with special thanks to
CHARLES KALB and B'nai
Birth members for their best
wishes 80.
o o o
Specially commissioned wa
tercolors of southwest scenes
by DAVIS SOROKIN will be
on display at the Ell Con
Shopping Center in October.
. . .
SAMUEL AARON OPPEN-
Helm has been named one
of the winners of the Ruth
c.. Ackerman memorial schol-
arship at the University of
Arizona ATTORNEY
WARREN BROCK has NOV
ed his offices to 1244-46 Mira
Gle Mile Strip -.
. . o
CARL FOREMAN, nephew
of MRS. SONYA GOLD
FREED of Tucson, produced
the movies, "Guns of Navar-
rone," "The Key" "The
Mouse That Reared" and 9th
er outstanding films. Mrs.
Goldfreed has written eight
musical compositions which
have been copywrited. She
recently has written two
scripts in which her nephew
has expressed interest ).
Evening star., 1961-12-31

help him ride herd on the total
space effort, which crosses agency
lines from NASA into the Defense
Department, the Weather Bureau
and the Atomic Energy Com
mission. This group will not be
in the operational mainstream,
but will provide needed help for
Mr.. Kennedy and Mr.. johnson.
At the start Of the year the
super-rocket needed for the moon
trip was only a concept-a twinkle
in a few engineers eyes. This was
because there was officially no
moon trip, and hence no need for
a vehicle. Since the speed-up, the
type of rocket has been decided
on. as has the primary means of
reaching the moon. The first
lunar AstronautS will probably
land on the moon in a capsule
that was boosted into orbit and
then linked to another payload.
The moon rockets will be built
at a plant outside New Orleans,
static-tested in a wooded region
of Southern Mississippi and fired
from a base just north of Cape
Canaveral, Fla. All these facilities
have either been taken over by
NASA or are in the process of
acquisition. In addition, a new
Manned Spacecraft Center is
being established outside Houston,
Tex, to support the earth-o -orbital,
circumlunar and lunar-landing
Evening star., 1961-12-31

when the East Germans suddenly
built a wall sealing off East Ber-
lin from West Berlin on August
l3. The wall stopped the flow of
refugees from East Germany to
the West, and accomplished uni
laterly what Mr.. Khrushchev had
hoped to gain from separate peace
treaties.
The wall became a symbol of
EaSt-WeSt tensions. Grave Incl
dents were feared when American
and Soviet tanks stood only so
feet apart. 1t was the first time
the cold war antagonists had
faced each other.
The war-like tensions rose to
new heights in September when
the Russians broke the three-year
nuclear test moratorium. Mr..
Kennedy was pressured to resume
tests himself. but refused to an
tagonize large sectors of public
opinion.
Tensions began to diminish
somewhat in late September with
the opening of the United Nations
and the holding of exploratory
talks with Foreign Minister Gro
myko. BY mid-October, Mr..
khrushchev had lifted his six
months time ultimatum, and in
November, Mr.. Kennedy was given
the chance of publicizing the
A IN erican position on Berlin
through an interview in Izvestia.
Mr.. Kennedy's present policy
is simply to wait for the Soviet
Union to indicate whether the
crisis can be solved peacefully.
The answer may chart the whole
1862 course of world events.
Evening star., 1961-12-31
Southeast Asia

The most pressing issue facing
Mr.. Kennedy early this year was
the renewed outbreak Of hostilities
in Laos, strategically located on
the borders of South Wet Nam.
The fighting basically was typi-
cal Asian civil war, with three
different princes vying for power.
What made the Laotian war so
important was the active interest
taken in it by the United States
and the Soviet Union.
The American view was that
Laos independence was important
to preserve the freedom Of the rest
of Southeast Asia - especially
Continued on Page C-3
Evening star., 1961-12-31

potential areas of agreement" he
wrote in his campaign book,
Strategy of Peace" 1--WE need a
new approach to the Russians
one that is just as hard headed
and just as realistic as Mr.. Khru-
shchev's, but one that might we'll
end the current phase-the frozen.
belligerent, brink-of-war phase
of the long Cold War"
The story of 1861, however,
turned out to be a frustratingly
familiar one. This was no sur
prise since foreign policy, set in
many long pre-Kennedy years,
cannot be revised as easily as
domestic policy.
Revision requires extensive con-
sultation with allies who often
disagree as we'll as compromise by
the always recalcitrant foe.
Mr.. Kennedy did search for
potential areas of agreement.
however, and offered what he
considered realistic proposals.
He learned, however, that "rea-
son does not always appeal to
unreasonable men"
Soviet More Obstinote
On problems such as nuclear
test bans and disarmament long
thought to be possible areas of
compromise - the Russians were
more obstinate than ever. Mr..
Kennedy went to Vienna to try
to reason with Mr.. Khrushchev,
but afterwards, could report only
that they spoke a different Ian
guage."
Most of 1861, in fact, was spent
worrying about the imminence Of
war. For the first time, armed
GIs pointed guns at Soviet tanks
in Berlin; powerful Soviet nuclear
weapons of up to so metagons
were exploded in the air; and
Southeast Asia remained the tin
der box of the world.
These were the major foreign
policy problems facing Mr.. Ken
nedy in 1861.
Evening star., 1961-12-31

called conventional or non-nu-
clear forces.
With cooperative Congress
rea dily voting the money, he
boosted Polaris missile submarine
construction to 29 ships and sub
Stantially increased the Minute
man ICBM and bomber alert pro-
grams.
But his most dramatic move.
and the one which contrasted
most with Eisenhower admins
tration policies. was the strong
emphasis he placed on strength
ening conventional military
forces. Explaining that we need
an alternative to humiliation or
holocaust he rejected massive
retaliation as complete STRAIT
gy.
increased Armed Services
Thus, he increased the size of
the Marine Corps from l75,000 to
10000 men; the Army from 870,-
600 to l million lit will drop back
to about 100000, however, and
boosted the Air Force and Navy
manpower totals.
He began buying more trans
port planes and ships to add to
our neglected airlift and sealift
forces. He asked for and got sub
Stantlal new sums to modernize
the Army. He doubled the train
ing of troops in guerrilla tactics.
He demanded more warship con-
Struction.
Clearly, Mr. Kennedy was arm
ing for these major reasons: To
parley; to deter attack on the
United States. its allies and the
nonaligned nations, and to win
any war which might be forced
upon us. He was willing to COM
nit the United States to big sac
rificeS to do this. His military
budget is about 81 billion more
than the one recommended by
outgoing President Eisenhower
last January. He called up more
than 100000 Army, Navy and Air
Force reserves this past year to
bring the total number of men in
uniform to almost 2.8 million.
The reserve Gallup, however
did not work out as we'll as he
had hoped. There were loud criti-
cismS by reServiStS, a minority to
be sure, but flaws in procedures
and planning were discovered.
This led last fall to a reappraisal
of reserve policy and hints from
the Pentagon that no longer would
our citizen soldiers be called back
for cold-War crises, for deterrence
purposes. The regular forces will
be augmented and the reserves
ordered up for shooting war sit
uationS, under the revised think
ing. Congress will inquire into the
situation.
The much Pentagon
reorganization plan to take an
other long step toward a single
service and single military chief
was quickly forgotten.
Evening star., 1961-12-31
Defense

One Of Mr.. Kennedy's chief
campaign issues in 1860 was the
asserted need for a bolstering of
United States military defenses
and the building of forces which
would permit the successful re-
sponse to any outside challenge,
limited or all-out.
Although the administration
did not take long to disown the
cele bra tie d missile gap" with
which Democrats had long be-
labored Republicans, the Presi-
dent quickly set about to accel-
crate our strategic missile pro-
grams and the buildup of So
Evening star., 1961-12-31
Inherited Problems
In Foreign Affairs
BY BERNARD GWERTZMAN
Star Staff Writer

The American, by nature, is optimistic" John F. Ken
nedy sad and at the start of 1861 no American was
more optimistic than the new President
Mr. Kennedy brought to the presidency an enthusiasm
for foreign affairs and conviction that the United States
and the Soviet Union could find ways settle their disputes
peacefully.
"The fact that can find certain basic interests or
obectves which the United States the USSR have in
common-and should concentrate efforts on those
Evening star., 1961-12-31
Berlin

Mr. Kennedy became PERSONAL
ly involved with the inherited
Berlin problem in June, when he
met Mr.. Khrushchev in Vienna.
The Soviet leader handed Mr..
Kennedy an aide-memoire which
listed the same demands that had
been made as long ago as No
vember, 1858.
These were separate peace
treaties with the two Germanys
and establishment of West Ber-
lin as free CITY, If the West re-
fused, Mr.. Khrushchev promised
to turn the Soviet-administered
ITO miles of West Berlin access
routes over to the East German
government.
Through their alliances with
West Germany, the Western pow
ers are committed in principle to
a reunified Germany and will not
sign any peace treaty with East
Germany. They fear, however.
that If the East Germans are
given control of the access routes,
they might try to interfere with
the Vests war-won rights in Ber-
lin, thus igniting an all-out war.
This ''memoire" was to touch
off a crisis that is still at the
heart of East-West difficulties. 1t
showed Mr.. Kennedy that the
Russians were no more concilia-
tory to him than to Mr.. Eisen-
hover. 1t revealed also that the
NATO alliance was not mono
lithic, that Americas closest al
lies could disagree on questions
vital to their security.
AS a campaigner. Mr.. Kennedy
had called for "a long-range
solution" that would show mo
uncertainty over our determina-
ton to defend Berlin" but would
also include a solution of the
problems of Germany and, in
deed. the problem of all Eu-
rope"
No Yielding Policy
When he returned home from
his Vienna meeting, however, it
was obvious that no such "long-
range solution" was ready. Mr..
de Gaulle had insisted on not
yielding an inch to the Russians,
and Mr.. Macmillan had discussed
the possibility of an at least de
facto recognition of East Ger
many. The result. was no unified
Western policy, and a detected
President.
Our most somber talks were on
the subject of Berlin" he told a
television audience. He insisted
that the United States was
pleased with the status quo, but
if the Russians insisted on chang
ing things, they should discuss all
the problems of Central Europe.
The present United States posi-
ton is that East Germany is Rus
sia's business, but negotiations
COulO UC llClu y lcd111IIA Vic
Vests rights in Berlin.
Inter-allied differences, in fact,
held up an answer to the Russian
note until July IA. The allies all
agreed, however, that their rights
in Berlin could not be unilateral-
ly ended by the Russians.
Mr.. Kennedy argued that Mr..
Khrushchev could be led to be-
lieve this only by show of force,
and thus in the summer, the PreSi-
dent called up reserves, increased
the draft. and got more money
from Congress.
The Military BuiIdup
The military buildup was Gre
ated by Soviet demands on Ber-
lin. But many critics began
asking what had happened to the
Kennedy "long-range solution"
Their criticism became louder
Evening star., 1961-12-31
Disarmament

From November 3, 1858 until
september /, 1861, the United
States. Great Britain. and the
Soviet Union participated in an
unofficial nuclear test morato-
rum, pending successful results
OF Geneva test ban conference.
Much OF that time, the Soviet
Union took the initiative in the
talks, and there often was talk
that the United States was
dragging its heels at the confer
ence table.
Mr.. Kennedy believed-a still
belleves-that if the major powers
could agree on a test ban treaty.
it would pave the way for agree
ment on the more important issue
OF disarmament. When the Geneva
talks resumed in March, Mr.. Ken
nedy sent Arthur H. Dean to the
negotiating table with a carefully
considered plan that was ex-
pected to meet previous Soviet
criticism.
At the table, however, the Soviet
Union suddenly switched tactics,
and for the first time, inserted
the issue of the "troika" into the
debate. Up to then, all sides had
agreed that any inspection should
be directed by an all-powerful
neutral administrator. The
"troika" would have called for
three directors, Western, Soviet
and neutral. each with a veto
power. This was unacceptable to
the West.
Air Testing Resumed
At Vienna, Mr.. Kennedy tried
to persuade Mr.. Khrushchev to
drop his "troika" demand. In
stead, Mr.. Khrushchev said nu-
clear test bans should be discussed
within the framework of a general
and complete disarmament treaty.
BY the end of the summer, it
was obvious that no test ban
would be concluded, and at the
end of August, the Russians an
nounced they would resume test
ing in the atmosphere.
The announcement and subse-
quent tests angered Mr.. Kennedy
and increased fears of an ,all-out
nuclear war. The increase in fall
out also created interest in fall
out shelters. and led the United
States to resume underground
tests. 1t forced Mr.. Kennedy to
take steps reluctantly for air
tests, too.
Oddly enough, at the same time
the nuclear test ban talks broke
down, the United States and the
Soviet Union agreed in principle
on the goals of complete and
general disarmament, and the
makeup of an 18-nation disarma-
ment conference to be held next
year.
They still disagree, however, on
the important issue of inspection.
The United States insists on in
specting means of production
such as factories to insure against
cheating. The Russian say this
is espionage. At present. hopes
for successful disarmament
treaty are quite remote.