davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-07-23
Reds in Spoin's Civil War

Arthur Collins, in his re-
view Of the new book, 1.-THE
Spanish Civil War;" by Hugh
Thomas, (The Star, July 2,
1850. writes like an apologist
for the Spanish Marxists.
He fails to mention what
Mr.. Thomas. a young English
man with Socialist leanings,
was objective enough to de-
lineate-how Soviet Russia
got control of the Spanish
Loyalist Government, or as
Winston Churchill SO aptly
described it: Communist
perversion of the decayed
Parliamentary Government"
of Spain.
While Hitler and Mussolini
used Spain as q testing
ground for weapons and tao
tics, the Communists used
Spain to perfect techniques
to make a captive satellite
out of a free country.
There is no question but
that the Communists, with
close allies the Spanish
Socialists, and with the di-
rect, naked aid of Soviet Rus
sia, did this to Republican
Spain.
I saw the evidence with my
own eyes.
AS a newspaper correspon-
dent with the advancing
Spanish Nationalist armies
in 1888, I visited at least 100
cities, towns and villages
newly-liberated from the re-.
treating Loyalists. In each
place I found plain evidence
OF what, since the 1940s. has
become so tragically familiar
in other Communist take
overs, to wit:
A government setup in
each area patterned along
classic Soviet lines; the ham
mer and sickle and Red Star
plastered everywhere; tons
OF Red newspapers, maga-
Evening star., 1961-07-23
SPIRES OF THE SPIRIT
Our Shrinking Earth
By DIR. FREDERICK BROWN HARRIS
Chaplain Of Senate

SIlEuIlkeu WOrlQ Is increasing
ly dominant in the Capital of
the United States. There are
vivid and dramatic indica-
tionS Of that wherever one
turns in the monumental city
which bears the name of our
first President. All is not
quiet along the Potom a c!
There is a going and a COM
ing which have global over
tones.
The Chief Executive goes
from the White House to
meet and greet the jet-arriv-
ing President of Pakistan
who, upon stepping from his
swift plane to the soil of the
new world, receives a 21-gun
salute. The first utterance Of
this dynamic head of an
emerging great state on the
other side of the planet was
these words: ''The world has
shrunk and we feel that our
safety and our security and
our independence is endur-
ably linked with you"
President Mohammad Ayub
Khan found the avenues of
Americas Capital decorated
with the crescent and star flag
of his country of 100 million
population. At the end of the
Avenue, on the day following
his arrival, waited the thun-
derouS welcome from the
combined session of the House
and the Senate. And so, liter
ally, there was fulfilled the
first line of a modern verse
There's Asia on the Avenue. "
In this year Of our Lord it
comes to pass as never before
in history, Asia and America
join hands in what this Wis
itor from a vast continent
rig ghtly calls "a shrunken
world"
Pakistan's President hap
pens to be a devout Muslin
but his address to a listening
Nation. as he spoke under
the white dome, sounded like
an amen" to the prayer
lifted in the Senate a few
minutes before his arrival on
the Hill-a petition which
was offered in the Name of
the Supreme Figure ever to
walk the earth, who was born
in Asia where the angels sang
Of peace to men of good will.
Shall we bow our heads and
listen to that Senate prayer?
Grant to us a vision splen-
did of a unified world which
denies the divisive heresy
that East is East, and West is
West, and never the twain
shall meet. AS today, in this
shrine of freedom, Western
and Eastern h hands are
claSped in enduring friend
ship and in mutual allegiance
to the liberty and dignity of
the individual under all skies
may there be strengthened
and expanded bridges of un-
derstanding and co-opera-
ton which shall tie together
in a resistless crusade peo-
pies and handsome in heart
though they be half a
world away. Give us the
grace to be done with the
tragic trifles which divide
Thy children on this shrink
ing earth and to say-and to
mean
Join hands, then, brothers of
the faith,
WhGte'er your race may be.
Who SerUeS my Father as a
son
Is surely kin to me-"
In the lifting up of moral
principles and spiritual veri-
ties which belong to all truly
religious men and of which
this statesman, the voice of
our ally so far away, spoke
eloquently and with deep
conviction as he raised the
flag of the spirit above all
Evening star., 1961-07-23
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry iDrtters' correct
names and addresses. All let
ters are subject to condersd-
ton. Those not used tOtll be
returned only when accom-
panied By self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-07-23

those circumstances there
was no such thing as friend
ship.
So let our relationship to
other nations be one not es-
sentially on the basis of aid
- but let our relationship to
other nations be such as to
make those nations feel
that working with us they
can promote their national
interest.
Evening star., 1961-07-23
Is Years Ago

The Spanish Civil War was
in full swing Is years ago.
The Star of July Is, 1885,
said: Fascist rebels control
% Of Spain's provinces.
At Gibraltar a battle RACES
between six Spanish war
ships and rebel forts. While
foreign countries evacuated
their neutrals, French Com
munists charged that Adolf
Hitler and Benito Mussolini
were financing the rebellion.
Spanish Loyalists maneu-
vered to block the rebel drive
on Madrid from the north.
The rebels halted their march
so miles from Madrid and
their next move was in doubt
:" The next day a fierce
battle was reported in prog
ress in the ancient Gothic
capital, Toledo, and planes
were bombing Alcazar, one Of
Spain's most historic monu-
ments. :"
Evening star., 1961-07-23
FROM THE STAR FILES..
so Years AGO

Baseball was a rough,
tough game so years ago,
with .Ty Cobb among the
toughest, toughest players.
The Star of July II, 1911,
pointed out that a series was
about to start in Detroit be-
tween the Tigers and the
Philadelphia Athletics, who
were neck-and-neck for the
Am erican League lead.
Cobb" the story said, "or-
dered some new spiked shoes,
designating that the spikes
must be at least half an
inch long and as sharp as
could be made. The shoes
arrived a few days ago, but
the spikes were not sharp
enough for Cobb. So he got
a file and spent a few hours
in the clubhouse putting a
razor edge ON them. He has
a file concealed on the bench,
and will hand a few strokes
to the spikes every time he
returns from the field. Tin
going to walk over to that
fellow Baker (the AS third
baseman 'Homerun' Baker,
and tell him I have a fine
set of new spikes and that
they'll dig into him the first
time he tries to block me on
the base lines :" The
spikes worked pretty well
that day. The Tigers won 9
to 0 and Cobb set the pace,
walking in the first inning
and then stealing second,
&la;,,l - 4 IaoYaA
Evening star., 1961-01-05
NO MONEY DOWN
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today! Normal installation includes electric
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coil. refrigerant lines and room thermostat.
ssas Stores
Evening star., 1961-01-05
B-HP Jet Pump and Tank
SIS
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Homart quality jet
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check included! Plus
l2.gal. galvanized d
tank.
Ssos s store'
Evening star., 1961-09-28
DAVID LAWKENCE
A CreditobIe Job by Congress

at all for church-operated
colleges-as it has done in
several instances - then it
can constitutionally do so
for elementary and second
airy schools.
Mr.. Kennedy's election was
due to no small extent to
the so-called Catholic vote,
but he may lose much of this
in 1864 unless he takes the
position that Congress should
enact its laws and rely on
the Supreme Court-and not
on the pressure groups or
political parties-to decide
constitutional questions.
All in all, Mr.. Kennedy
managed to get the most
urgent of his M sure e S
passed, though these were
not always in the form he
recommended. The Congress,
for instance, did give its best
Judgment on foreign aid that
certain proposals to extend
aid to various foreign coun-
tries should be carefully ex-
amined and re-examined
without long-range commit
mentS which couldn't be al
tered every two years.
On the whole. the Con-
gress itself, in the face of
thousands of obstacles, did a
creditable job in it's handling
of several controversial sub
jectS.
(Copyright, 196D
Evening star., 1961-09-28
Accord Sought
0n2U. n. Bids

UNITED NATIONS, N. Y,
Sept. % (AP).-A small group
of countries are continuing
behind-the-scene efforts to
work out a package deal aimed
to avert threatened vetoes on
the United Nations member
ship bids of Mauritania and
Communist Outer Mongolia.
There appeared little chance,
however, for agreement before
the 11-nation Security Council
takes up the two applications
again next Monday. The key
to the problem appeared to be
Nationalist China's firm insist
ence that it will block the
admission of Outer Mongolia
by veto, if necessary.
The compromise efforts are
led by the African countries in
the Brazzaville group, mostly
former French territories, which
were interested in finding a
way to win admission for their
sister country, Mauritania.
They have tried to impress
upon the Chinese Nationalists
that if they block a package
deal many Africans Will hold
them responsible for keeping
Mauritania out of the United
Evening star., 1961-09-28
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

John McCone, Republican is named head Of the Cen
trail Intelligence Agency It's the Democrats good govern
ment creed Always put Republican in key spot to blame
things
Internal Revenue will assign number to every taxpayer
One fellow shrugged it off, saying he doesn't know about
but they've had his number for years.
Louis Untermeyer Library of Congress poetry consult
ant lectures What Makes Modern Poetry Modern?"
interesting. but it still doesn't the question
What Makes Modern Poetry Poetry?"
Washngons reaction to Gen. Lucius Cay's offthe-
cord press conference in Berlin 1t went trial balloon
and came down like Clay pigeon.
Crisis bulletin: Designer Oeg CaSSin vacations
with President and Mrs Kennedy You rest easy this
Soves would attack before they learn what
the new hem line is going to be.
Evening star., 1961-09-28
Most Urgent of Kennedy's Measures
Held Enacted, Despite Obstacles

ing programs - were blocked
by those in Congress who felt
that a temporary economic
setback might be made worse
through inordinate spending.
with all the dangers of an
initiation that could reduce
the purchasing power of an
already shrinking dollar.
Basically, the last Congress
proved wrong those prophets
who backed the Kennedy
cause in the last campaign
with the argument that. since
there would be a Democratic
majority in Congress, the
election of a Democratic
President would mean passage
of a comprehensive legislative
program. Mr.. Kennedy did
almost get a two-thirds ma
jority in both houses in the
1860 election, but these ana
lysts have constantly under
estimated the conservative
strength in both major parties
in Congress, Supported-as it
is-by a majority sentiment
in the country as a whole.
The country is not in favor
of standing still, nor is it
reactionary in its thinking
about needed reforms. 1t
wants, owever. reforms
which can be shown to be
sound and which will not
cause a further decline in the
purchasing power Of the dol
lar.
The last Congress did move
the budget up to $88 billion
and did spend a lot of money
for special projects. This will
always be true to certain
extent where individual dis
trictS stand to benefit from
congressional action.
Such broad proposals,
however, as medical care for
the aged and Federal aid to
education failed largely be-
cause the case for them was
not as clear as the case
against them. These two maj
or pieces of legislation are
far from dead-they will come
up again and again until
some compromise is worked
out.
The real issue that re-
mains for future solution in
wolves the question of Fed
eral money for schools and
colleges that are operated
by various churches. Unfor-
tunately, a good deal Of in
consistency has been eX-
hibited in some of the argu-
mentS. Thus, President Ken
nedy, conscious of the relig-
iouS issue in the last cam
paign, insisted that any aid
to elementary schools that
happen to be run by churches
would be unconstitutional.
But he never answered salts
factorily the argument that,
if the Federal Government
can appropriate any money
Evening star., 1961-09-28
CONSTANTINE BROWN
A Question Mark in Turkey

Southern Anatolia. Cement,
brick and glass factories were
established and Turkish peas
ants were able to have for the
first time in history real
homes instead of mud huts
and also electricity and sew
age disposal. And during the
Menderes administration they
worked for cash instead of
for barter.
But Mr.. Menderes ran into
trouble in his overambitious
desire to modernize cities
like Istanbul by building
great boulevards at enormous
cost to the treasury. He
hoped that the rising tide of
tourism would more than pay
the expense. But in the in
terim the townspeople had to
bear the burden of the heavy
taxes. .
The Premier was tried for
financial dishonesty, but this
charge would not stick.
Throughout his years in pub
lie office he had never ac-
cepted a salary. He was sem
fenced to death by the new
Turkish would-be puritans
because he often did his own
interpreting of the constitu-
tion. This was unquestionably
true. But did not the iunta
itself show disregard for the
constitution when it took
over power and ruled without
parliament?
The truth is that Mr.. Men
dereS and his two cabinet
colleagues we're legally mur-
dered by a bunch of power
hungry colonies. 1t amounted
to a purge a la Moscow.
The last interview l had
with Mr.. Menderes was in
1858. At that time 1 reported
to him the rumblings I had
heard that some discontent-
ed officers were plotting his
overthrow. He laughed it off:
I'm a democracy by an iron
hand there always will be
discontents who Just talk.
The country is with me-"
Evening star., 1961-09-28
Execution of Menderes Poses Problem
Of Reliance on Army CoIoneIs~

1t was during a visit to
Kemal's headquarters at
Sivas in Anatolia that I met
an ebullient young officer
who spoke some English. His
name was Adnan Menderes,
the son Of a wealthy Turk
ish landowner. He had
thrown in his lot with Kemal
and had, at his fathers ex-
pense, raised a detachment
of irregulars who were haras-
sing the Greeks.
During a visit to Ankara
in 1850 I met Premier Mend
eres. could scarcely recall
our earlier meeting but he re-
membered me. I'VE didn't
have many American visit
ors then" he said.
Mr.. M2ndereS had a drive
uncommon in a Turkish po-
litician. He worked feverish-
ly, as though time was of the
essence in a country which
believes that haste comes
from the devil" 1t was his
dream to finish the work of
Kemal Ataturk in making
Turkey a modern and vigor-
GUS democracy. His ambition
seems to have been his un-
doing. He worked all hours of
the night. Once when l
visited Ankara my appoint
ment with him was at II
pm. We talked well past
midnight and when I left he
said: Nov I will start doing
some work when I won't be
interrupted"
1t was the townspeople
who hated Menderes the pol
itician. He won all his four
terms by overwhelming vote
of the peasantry. And their
devotion to him came be-
cause he had greatly i'm
proved their lot. He began by
dividing large properties
among the peasants, starting
with his own estates in
Evening star., 1961-09-28

Nations. Such feeling, they
say, is sure to be reflected
when the U. N. General As
Sembly takes up the question
of giving China's seat to the
Chinese Communists.
United States Ambassador
Adlai E. Stevenson already has
informed the Security Council
that the United States will not
"obstruct" admission of Outer
Mongolia. But apparently the
United States either has not
been able-or has not tried-to
persuade Nationalist China to
go along.
The word has been passed
privately that the Russians will
veto Mauritania's bid unless
Outer Mongolia also gets in.
If this happens, the Soviet
Evening star., 1961-09-28

ROME, Italy - Before the
overthrow of the MendereS
government in the spring of
1860 Turkey was considered
the most powerful bastion of
the free world on the Medi-
terranean. Since that time it
has been corroded by lack of
internal unity and especially
by lack of leadership by the
military junta of unknown
colonies headed by the aging
and ailing figurehead, Gen.
Genial Gursel.
We are living in a world of
unprecedented violence. Not
a day passes when the news
media do not report some
major international crime or
deceit. Although we have be-
come hardened to these oc-
currences, still the execution
of Adnan Menderes. Foreign
Minister Fatin Zorlu and FL
nance Minister HaSsan Po-
latkan shocked the free
world.
But the result Of the shock
to the vast following of the
Premier inside Turkey will
take a little longer to show
itself. Will it result in anoth-
er revolt? Will it end in total
disintegration of Turkey and
that country's eventual fall
into the Soviet orbit?
This reporter has known
Turkey since 1920 when for
three-and-a-half years he re-
ported the dismemberment of
the Ottoman Empire. During
that time he became we'll ac-
quainted with Mustap h a
Kemal, who with a strong
hand forced democracy on
his country. With a few
strong-minded patriotic gen.
erals he organized a national
rebellion against the de-
cadent Sultanate at Con-
stantinople and defeated the
occupying forces of Britain,
France, Italy and Greece.
Evening star., 1961-09-28
DAVID LAWRENCE

This is the time, as Con-
gress adjourns, when the
scorecard on what it accom-
plished is tailed up for praise
or blame. The measurement
usually is in terms of what
legislation a President OBJ
tanned or failed to get.
Actually, the wonder is that
in a Congress of so many
conflicting currents anything
much was accomplished at
all.
For the Congress of the
United States, in a parlia-
mentary sense, has not been
a responsible institution for
many years. 1t is not reSpon-
sible to any party. 1t is not
responsible to the President.
In fact, it is responsible
locally-not collectively-to
the residents of 437 congress
sional districts and the con-
stituencieS of 100 Senators.
Time was when the two
major parties held frequent
caucuses and when individual
members were required to
abide by the wishes of the
majority of their fellow
members in the party. Today
both parties are split wide
open, and leadership is a
sort of makeshift arrange
ment to secure the passage of
those bills which are the
least controversial.
This doesn't mean that in
the current Congress bills
always were passed or failed
by large margins. On the con-
trary, narrow margins often
marked the passage or de-
feat of important measures.
What affects Congress more
than anything else in a ses-
sion like the one that has
Just closed is the mood of
the country. President Ken
nedy was elected by one of
the narrowest majorities of
the popular vote in. history.
When the country is almost
equally divided, there is no
overall mandate in a presi-
dental election which can be
said to give the President the
influence he needs to exert
his leadership. Then, on top
of all this, came the crises in
the international situation,
tend to slow down the mo-
mentum behind various bills
which in normal times might
have been readily passed.
It's difficult, indeed, for
any President in abnormal
times to shape up a program
that will command a majority
in both houses. 1t happens
that in this case economic
conditions also we're certainly
not normal. A recession de-
veloped early in 1860, and
unemployment was running
at a substantial rate when
Mr.. Kennedy took office. The
re m dies customarily pro-
posed-involving vast spend
Evening star., 1961-09-28

Union is expected to try to pin
the blame on the Chinese Ma
tionaliSts.
Outer Mongolia's member
ship application has been be-
fore the United Nations fol
years. 1t was vetoed once be-
fore by the Chinese Nationalist
in 1855.
Evening star., 1961-09-28

Shop Monday and Thursday, $50 to 9;
Tuesdoy, Wednesday, Friday and Saturday, $50 to
Evening star., 1961-09-28
Critic Speaks Up

DES MONIES, Iowa (AP) -
While eating lunch, a Des
Moines businessman overheard
two secretaries discussing a
boss. Said one, He don't know
how to dictate and his gram
mars awful"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-22

The Rev. DR.. j. Franklin
Bryan, Washington Methodist
minister for many years who
also held pastorates in other
Middle Atlantic communities,
died Friday in his home in Bal
timore. He was 80.
During the post World War ]
years and in the early 1920s DR.,
Bryan was pastor of the North
Carolina Avenue Methodist
Protestant Church, at North
Carolina avenue and Eighth
street Sc.
John w. Roth, 80, of 5000
Connecticut avenue NV, for
mer member of his congrega-
ton, recalled that DR.. Bryan
once had william Jennings
Bryan, when Mr.. Bryan was
Secretary of State, deliver a
sermon in the church. The two
were repeatedly distantly re-
lated. DR.. Bryan also was active
in the evangelistic campaign OF
the Rev. Billy Sunday.
His last paStorate was at
Northwood-Appold Church in
Baltimore. He retired in 1943,
and became secretary Of the
Lords Day Alliance, serving
until 1851. He also served as
pastor in Towson, Philadelphia
and Delaware.
DR.. Bryan was born in Ches-
.ertown, Kent County. He was
graduated from Western Mary
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-22
Thomas A. Byrne,
Carpenter With
NoWLuborotory

Thomas A. Byrne, IL, a car
penter for the Naval Research
Laboratory, died Friday at Cas-
uaIty Hospital after a brief i'll
ness.
A resident of the District
since l945, Mr.. Byrne lived at
2l24 Thirty-Second place Sc.
Mr.. Byrne worked for the
Naval Research Laboratory for
is years, retiring in July.
He leaves his wife, Mrs. Rose
E. Buckley Byrne; a son,
Thomas F., and two daughters,
Margaret M. and Rosemary
Byrne, all Of the home address.
He also leaves two other
daughters, Mrs. Frank Gill Of
2l37 Thirty-second place Sc.
and Mrs. Carl Rudbeck of 1927
Newman road, Camp Springs,
Md: another son. John T.
Buckley of 3129 Buena Vista
terrace Sc, and five grand
children.
A requiem mass will be Of
fered at 10 am. Tuesday at st.
Francis Xavier Church. 1900
Pennsylvania avenue Sc. Bur-
ial will be in Gate Of Heaven
Cemetery.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-22
Mrs. Lenhurt, 70,
Ex-NuW Nurse

Mrs. Burr Lenhart, rs, a
former registered nurse, died
Friday in Doctors Hospital af-
ter a heart attack.
Born near Mount Joy, Pa,
Mrs. Lenhart had been a resi-
dent Of the District since 1888.
She lived at 1926 Porter street
NV.
Mrs. Lenhart studied nursing
at the Presbyterian Hospital
= In Philadelphia. During World
War I, she served with the
, Navy at the Naval Hospital at
Portsmouth, Va.
She later served as assistant
chief nurse in the United States
Public Health Service at Whip
pie Barracks, Prescott, Ariz. In
. 1921 and 1922 Mrs. Lenhart
= again was on duty at the Naval
. Hospital in San Diego, Calf.
: She retired from nursing in
. 1922.
p She was the wife of a sani-
tary engineer with the Bureau
. of Yards and Docks.
Besides her husband, she
leaves a brother, c. J. Swarr
of Miami.
Funeral services will be held
at / pm. Wednesday in Fort
Myer Chapel. Burial will be ir
Arlington Cemetery.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-22

ers. Even when he did not
feel well, Mr.. Schmid was will
ing to advise customers on how
to care for their sick animals.
A native Of the District, Mr..
Schmid was virtually raised in
the pet shop. However, he
worked as an accountant for
the Washington Post for 10
years before taking over the
shop on his fathers death in
1884.
Mr.. Schmid was a member
of the Washington Centennial
Lodge of the Masons.
He leaves his wife, Bertha,
and a son, E. Sidney of the
home address, and a brother,