davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Milford chronicle., 1961-02-24
A PLEA FOR UNION

George Washingtons farewell address is
often remembered principally for its stric-
lures against entangling alliances with other
nations. The truth is that his admonitions
on this score have little present aptness
they sprang from what was then true but
is true no longer in an age of swift travel
and communication-that the United States
occupied a detached and distant situation"
which, as Washington said, Invites and en-
ables us to pursue a different course"
Once the warning against entangling
alliances has been placed in sensible per-
SpectiVe. ones attention can be focused on
what might be considered the real heart of
that farewell message. This was Washing
tons profound concern with the preserva-
tion and Strengthening of the Union.
In our time, as in the closing years of
the 18th century, there are divisive forces
In the nation. There is a disruptive poten-
tial in the strife between labor and manage
ment, in controversy over civil rights and
over varying ideas as to how our freedoms
can best be maintained
There is no implication here that dis
sent, of itself, is bad. Dissent is good; it
is essential to the continuing vigor of our
democratic system. Americans would do
well to bear in mind however, that dissent
can also be destructive if the disputants be-
come so concerned with their own selfish in
terests that they forget the broader national
interest. Washington said that "every por-
tion of our country finds the most COM
manding motives for carefully guarding and
preserving the union of the whole" This
applies, we submit, as much to a union of
spirit and aspiration as to the mere geo
graphic union of the land within our bor-
derS
Milford chronicle., 1961-02-24

As a result the phosphate in
dustry has grown from a 100000
business rs years ago to a 500, ,000-
600 operation annually today, EN-
ploying thousands of workers. Al
though some phosphate is found
in Tennessee and in Utah and fore
ign countries. yet two-thirds of the
worlds supply now comes from
Florida.
Leading Companies In The Industry
| understand that the original
company is the American Agricul-
tural Chemical Co., which was
started by the father of the in
dustry, Peter b. Bradley of New
England; next we find the Inter
national Minerals and Chemical Co.,
which has been developed by Louis
Ware and his able son Thomas. A
mong the other eight are the Vir-
ginia-Carolina Chemical, the Ameri-
can Cyanamid, and the Dawson
plants now operated by w. r.
Grace and Co., as well as the large
packers such as Swift, Armour.
and others.
NOT only is phosphate eSSentlal
to life of all kinds; but IL is the
basis of a growing business. An
increased demand for fertilizer
should continue almost forever
The Florida supply should last
eighty years. Every farmer who
uses fertilizer may we'll buy few
shares of the stock of one of these
listed companies. See your broker
for price, dividend, etc. Inciden-
tally. phosphates should be one
of the very best hedges against in
flation.
Milford chronicle., 1961-02-24

Babson Park, Mass, Feb. %
Every time it rains, anywhere, the
water washes out much of the
soils goodness. 1t seeps through
the ground to the rivers and thence
to the sea. As a result the ocean is
constantly getting richer and the
land is getting poorer.
History OF Phosphate
During millions (or billions) of
years this has been taking place. A
small bay (now part of West Cen
tral Florida) became a great chemi-
cal caldron. Here were cooked"
certain clays, chemicals, and the
countless bones of animals, from
microscopic arthropods and fish to
great mammals including elephants
and mastodons and even huge
whales.
The final result of the chemical
reaction from these millions of
years of cooking" is what we now
call Phosphate" When mixed with
the nitrogen of the air and the
potash of the ocean this phosphate
Is able to replace the goodness" of
the soil which has been washed out.
Hence, has followed the mining of
Florida phosphate. With the addit-
Ion of nitrogen and potash this
mixture is sold as fertilizer"
Where Fertilizer is Sold
Originally this fertilizer was
sold only for use on the old farms
and plantations of our 13 original
states. For years the lands of the
Midwest continued to have enough
goodness" to raise crops without
fertilizers; but now the demand
for this Florida fertilizer is grad
Milford chronicle., 1961-02-24
IS YOUR HOME DANGEROUS?

We have called attneion many times to
the danger that turks in the average Amer
.can home, pointing out that statistics show
about half of all the accidental deaths in the
nation are due to mishaps within the home.
One survey of large city reveals that
more than half of such deaths are caused by
falls. Analysis reveals that nearly half of
the falls occurred on the same level, more
than one-third of them on stairs, and about
one-sixth from one level to lower level.
The safety experts suggest that the
number of accidents caused by tripping over
objects and rugs on floors is of such size as
to suggest caution in every home. Moreover,
the need for well-lighted stairways is inn
portant. and everyone should exercise care
and patience in using stairs.
We call these facts to the attention of
the residents in the hope that we may help
prevent accidents in the home. 1t will take
only few minutes to look over your home
and eliminate some of the accident hazards.
Parents who do this may save their children
from suffering and themselves from unnec-
essary medical expenses. In addition, they
may save their own lives.
Milford chronicle., 1961-02-24
BAPTIST TAX CASE

NASHVILLE. Tenn. (AP)-The
city of Nashville has gone to court
seeking the right to tax three
Baptist properties. including a
cafeteria, snack bar and six park
ing lots of the Sunday School
Board. parking lots at Baptist-own-
ed Belmonte College and parking
lots at Mid-state Baptist Hospital.
The properties previously have
been tax exempt.
Milford chronicle., 1961-02-24
MATCHING MUSCLE

CARBONDALE. ILL., (P)- A Sou
thern Illinois University professor
says a special Matching muscle en-
ables baby chicks to break out Of
an egg.
Harvey Fisher, chairman of the
STU zoology department. says when
the chick reaches full development
inside the egg, its brain signals a
muscle which stretches. from the
back of its head to the nape of it's
neck.
The muscle pulls the head back
and fourth in a pecking motion
which eventually cracks the shell.
Fisher spent part of the year at
the Delta Waterfowl Station in
Canada watching birds hatch.
Classified Ads Get Results
Milford chronicle., 1961-02-24
THE RACE TO THE GRAVE

Perhaps the least praiseworthy part of
the American way of life, these days; is the
conclusion of psychiatrists, doctors, and
health experts, in all fields, that the fast
pace of living in the United States is our
most serious problem.
In the United States heart attacks, men,
tai breakdowns and all sorts of nervous dis
orders are steadily on the increase. and the
experts know the reason for this tragic
trend is the terrific pace of life we are set
ting.
1t is an established fact that the execu-
tives of America are dying in early life.
Many, especially those in numbers of big
corporations, are enjoying life spans which
terminate in the early fifties. This is
startling development.
The number of mental disorders, nerv-
GUS breakdowns and all sorts of other all
ments have increased strikingly as a re-
suit of the tension of modern living This
tension is brought about by pressure, and
the drive to out-produce, out-work and out
earn our neighbors.
We have reached the time in the United
States whena showdown in the average bus
mess mans daily routine is almost impera-
tive. Some of those who are reading this
editorial will take decades, or perhaps even
more, from their life span, by not needing
these words.
Milford chronicle., 1961-02-24

STOCK BOARD-This is part of the Delaware
delegation participated
Rollins BroGdcaspg
ing exchange president Edward Mccormick center Rollins
Rollins
Wilmington rado and
VANS Wilmington WJW George
application file f. c.
n
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-02-18
Black Muslims To Hold National
Meeting In Chicago This Month
MESSENGER ELIJAH MUHAMMAD
TO MAKE MAJOR ADDRESS

Chicago-Sunday, February &c,
2 P. NJ. Messenger Elijah Muham-
mad, will climax a two day ma
tional meeting of visitors, sympa-
thizers and Muslims with a major
address at the International Amphi
theatre, 42nd and Halsted Streets.
Keeping in line with his program
that the Negro Must do something
for himself, Mr.. Muhammad, whose
position is the Messenger of Allah,
announced that his topic would be
"The Future For The Negro and
What The Negro Must Do To Have
Future" Thousands of visitors
from all over the United States are
expected into the city. Many thous-
ands of Negroes on Chicago vast
South side and those among the de-
plorable slum conditions on Chi
cago's West side are expected at
the meeting.
ain view of the increasing I'M
employment among our people who
are being displaced and losing jobs
to whites" a convention spokes-
man said, 1--WE are gratified to
know our people must be concerned
with their survival They should
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-02-18
Virginia Born 80.
Continued from Page One)

supported Lloyd E. Dickens, an
assemblyman, for the post. The
vote was four to two a white can
didate, Morton Baum, not even
getting the vote of Stanley M.
Isaacs, who had nominated him.
Dudley, who will be so years
old March II, began his career
as teacher in a 56-pupil one
room school in Virginia after his
graduation from Johnson S. Smith
University in North Carolina.
He was paid $50 month while
white teachers were getting Sis
and made $40 extra by driving the
school bus.
He took further studies for a
year at Howard University before
striking out for New York where
his uncle, former Assemblyman,
Edward A. Johnson, was in poll
tics and real estate.
Dudley attended st. Johns Uni
versity Law School at night, get
ting his law degree in 1941.
To pay his way he worked as a
bellhop and waiter, helped in his
uncle's real estate business, and
was for a while in the Federal
Theatre Project, where he worked
in the production of Orson Welles'
Macbeth" and later "Pinocchio."
He was in private law practice
for a year before serving as as
sistant state attorney general in
1912.
These were the preliminaries to
Dudley's career as national trouble
shooter for the NAACP, as Am
bassador to Liberia (this country's
first Negro Ambassador from
194S to 1868, and as Domestic Re-
lations justice in this city from
1855 until last week.
When Mayor Wagner, who had
Unanswered his election, swore
him in, the new Borough President
said that the connection between
his family and the Mayors went
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-02-18
ACT College
Gets Grants For
Undergraduate
Research

GREENSBORO, N. C. - Two
grants have been awarded to AIT
College by the National Science
Foundation for the conduct of pro-
grams in Undergraduate Research
Participation during the coming
summer and the next academic
year.
DR.. Samuel D. Proctor, president
of the College, announced on We'd
nesday that grants in excess of
$4,000 had been made available
to the institution to conduct the
programs which started here last
year.
One grant of 1850 to the AIT
College Biology Department will
provide stipends to four-upperclass
students working in affiliation with
a research program sponsored by
the Atomic Energy Commission.
The project is headed by DR..
George c. Royal, professor of BIZ
ology and his wife, DR.. Gladys W.
Royal, his research associate. The
stipends will be awarded to the
same students for the entire r.
month period.
A second grant of $6,070 has
been awarded to the AIT Home
Economics Department. 1t will
provide stipends for three students
during the summer period and for
four during the 1961-62 academic
year. The program is to be super
vised by DR.. Cecile H. Edwards,
professor of nutrition and research
and her husband, DR.. Gerald A.
Edwards, chairman of the Chem
istry Department and project as
sociate director, will assist with
the student research work. The
Edwards research project, with
which the students will be afflll-
ated, is being sponsored by the
National Institutes of Health.
In connection with its program
of orientation for directors of new
undergraduate research participa-
tion programs, DR.. Cecile Edwards
spoke to the group at meeting
held at the Statler- Hilton Hotel on
last Friday, February 10.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-02-18

Antonio de Oliviera Salazar both in
Portugal and in Portugals Afri
can empire has been spotlighted b.
the dramatic cruise of the hiiacke
liner Santa Maria which was sun
posedly heading for Angola at one
stage.
Capt. Henrique Gaivao's actor
in Selling the ship drew into tn
open exiled African opposition
groups from Angola operating !,
capitals from West Africa to the
Congo capital of Leopoldville. Now
with the weekend revost in Luanda
has come apparent new evidence Of
the existence of militant opposi-
ton.
Although there are small assert
ed Portuguese possessions dotted
around the east African empire
consists of two main territories
Angola on the west coast and MOI
antique on the east-separated bv
the Rhodesians.
These are the Rip van Wrinkle
lands of Africa, which have Afr;-
cans who pass certain tests can
ascend to the ranks of civilized men
equal with whites, the Portuguese
have been able to deny the exist
ence of. color bar.
However the number of assimiIa-
dos is still pitifully small. In 1850
there were only some 10000 ASST
milados in Angola in an African
population which now totals some
100000. Mozambique's assimila-
dos total only some 5000 in an
African population of about $780,
600.
On the other hand, the Portu-
guese impose a culture bar which
effectively cuts off the bulk of the
African population from any pro-
spect of achieving a dominant role
In addition to all this, there are
grim reports of forced labor in
Portuguese Africa and the linger-
ing use of the Bastinado, a sort of
bat with holes punched into it
which is used as a cruel form of
punishment upon offending Afri-
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-02-18
back further than Wagner perhaps

back further than Wagner perhaps
realized.
He noted that his uncle, the first
Negro elected to the New York
Legislature, had served in the As
sembly in 1917 with the Mayors
father, the late Robert F. Wagner,
Sr.
As assistant special counsel for
the NAACP, Dudley stumped the
country and fought in the courts
against forms Of discrimination.
He brought injunction suits through
the South to equalize teacher sala-
ries in unsupported schools.
But there were some forms of
discrimination that reminded Dud-
ley, even after he became a Judge,
Of the indignities of his early
years.
In 1857, when the Virginia State
Chamber of Commerce held a BAN
quet in Richmond to honor dis
tinguished natives of the Old Do
minion then living in other states,
Justice Dudley was invited.
However, when the chamber
learned that he was a Negro the
invitation was rescinded.
As Ambassador to Liberia, Dud-
! ley won the affection of the Afri-
! can officials and populace by his
freedom from stiffness.
He accompanied President Viii.
liam v. S. Tubman on walking
safaris to the up-country tribes
where he would sit on his heels
and join the durm-pounding ses'
sions.
The new Borough President lives
with his wife and son in the Morn
ingside Gardens, middle-ineomt
cooperative.
He and the former Miss Rae
Elizabeth Obey were married nine
teen years ago this month.
Mrs. Dudley, a school teacher, i:
in charge of the city's all-da!
neighborhood school at Public
School III. Their 17-year-old son
Edward, Jr., is a student at the
Fieldston School in Riverdale.
Dudley is tall and of athletic
build except for few pounds h
has added in recent years.
An amateur chef, one of hi:
specialties is beef vegetable SOUP
and dried lima beans with han
hooks. He is a golfer, and keep:
in condition in winter with poo
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-02-18

listen to Mr.. Muhammad's pro-
gram outlined for our future. After
all, it is a matter of food, clothing
and shelter"
Messenger Muhammad's address
from all indications will be re-
ported on and watched throughout
the world. Several networks have
suggested using the facilities pro-
vided at the Amphitheatre for the
Republican Convention, for tele-
vising Mr.. Muhammad's address.
For the first time in thirty years
during these annual meetings in
February, Mr.. Muhammad will
speak to people of the black and
white race.
Mr.. Muhammad's address on
February 26 will be his first of this
year and the first since the inaugu-
ration of President Kennedy. A
Mosque spokesman said, many
commentators and reporters have
reque sted Mr.. Muhammad's views
on this administration. They will
be known on February e."
Mr.. Muhammad's weekly column,
"Mr. Muhammad Speaks" is syndi-
Gated in weekly newspapers with
total readers exceeding 100000.
His weekly radio broadcast is
heard in more than one hundred
twenty-five major cities. His ma
tional speaking tour last year car
ried him to more than eleven ma
jor cities where he spoke to a to-
tai audience of $4,000 for an aver
age of 5000 people at each of his
public appearances.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-02-18
Africans In IT,.
CONTINUED from Page One)

gime which claims to have crushed
it.
However, it is evident that after
trouble Saturday, violence again
broke out Sunday at the funeral
of some Of those killed the day
before.
From all the confusion, reports
are persistent that Africans, with
a handful of whites, staged con-
certed attack on prisons in Luanda,
together with the radio station and
police barracks. Seven security
men and nine attackers were re-
ported killed in the first days
events in which the rebels are
said to have been beaten off. Shoot
ing started again Sunday and four
more men were reported killed.
Portugal's African colonies-or
provinces" as Portugal prefers
to call them-are the last lingering
outposts of colonialism to hear the
surging tide of change in Africa
laundering against their doors.
Pulsing African nationalism has
swept the length of West Africa
and on into central Africa across
the Congo.
1t has reached up into East
Africa, where the African revolt
against colonialism is almost at
a victorious climax, and down even
into the heart of South Africa to
jar this bastion of white national
ism.
But somehow Portuguese Africa
has remained immune behind it's
cordons of secret policemen and
it's censorship and its reinforce
ments of combat troops imported
from Portugal.
Despite all this there have been
rumors of intrigue and plotting
and secret political trials in recent
months. In more recent days, op-
position to the regime of Premier
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-02-18
Coast Guard -,
CONTINUED from Page One

Continued from Page One)
Evans said there was no require
ment in its admissions regulations
that would bar a Negro or any
other qualified U. s. citizen.
Denies Bias Policy
Speaking at New London, Conn.,,
where the academy is located, Ev-
ans said he had not received any
directives from the White House
or his superiors.
He added, however, he did not
think a change in policy is called
for "since the Coast Guard Acad-
envy has no requirements that
would bar a Negro"
Evans said he knew of at least
one Negro who had graduated
from the school, but none is in this
years class.
Sees Opportunity
1--WE have enrolled at the Acad-
envy Americans Of many races and
nationalities," he said. 81 see no
reason under the regulations why
Negro could not become az cadet
if he met other qualifications"
In viewing the Inaugural parade,
President Kennedy noted that
there wore no Negroes marching
with ne Coast Guard Academy
cadets, so he decided to do some
thing about it.
In less than ten days after he
took office the President got in
touch with the Academy and d.
rected the officers to make sure
that qualified Negroes be accepted
as cadets in the Academy. 1t was
pointed out that of the $500 Off
GERS in the Coast, Guard only one
is Negro. There are no Negroes
in the Academy, Kennedy learned.
In making this fact public to
members of the weekly press,
Pierre Salinger, the Presidents
press secretary, pointed out that
Kennedy often operates without
fanfare or hullabaloo.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-02-18

cans.
There is little doubt that the
Portuguese are concerned for the
future of their colonies. With
trouble in African territories
around them they have shipped in
considerable reinforcements OF
troops from Portugal, some OF
which have been deployed along
the borders of both Angola and
Mozambique.
Latest events in Luanda will
likely heighten this concern but
probably will serve to tighten Por-
tugaPs grip rather than spur any
reforms.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-02-18

swimming and armory tennis.
He is also a keen bridge player
and is dept at sleight-ofkhand
tricks. He has one card trick that
his wife says she hasn't been
able to fathom yet.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-02-18
Two Children .
Continued from Page One)

Continued from Page One)
to his home. He and his wife made
an unsuccessful attempt to rescue
the children from the flaming
house.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-02-18

(Patronize Our Advertisers
Evening star., 1961-02-21
P. u. c. Heurino
Due on Retaining
Streetcurs Here

Harold A. Kertz, District
public utilities commissioner,
said yesterday that the PUG.
will hold a public hearing in
March or April on whether OPP
Grafton of streetcars should be
discontinued in the District.
Mr.. Kertz said that the exact
date has not yet been set.
d. c. Transit System. Inc,
has already replaced 60 per
cent of its streetcars with buses
and has asked the PUG. for
permission to substitute buses
for all of its trolleys before
January, 1862.
However, Cnogress in setting
up the National Capital Trans
portation Agency asked that
abandonment of streetcars be
delayed until the new agency
could decide whether the pres
ent trolley tracks could be used
for a rapid transit system.
Engineer Commissioner Fred
erick j. Clarke, a member Of
the PUG, has said he favors
prompt removal of the street.
cars here because of the traf-
fic congestion caused by their
frequent breakdowns during
this winters snow storms.
Evening star., 1961-02-21
50 Million More
Sought by City
To Meet Ruises

A House Appropriations Sub
committee on Deficiencies has
completed hearings on the Dis
trict's request for 50 million to
finance pay raises and other
items in the current fiscal year.
TeStifying in closed session
yesterday. the District Com
missioners and budget officials
took the position that the city
is unable to absorb wage in
creases for teachers, police and
firemen voted by Congress last
year.
They asked Congress to in
crease the Federal payment by
So million for the current fis-
cal year. If granted, the city
will have received a total of $3l
million this year. Congress has
authorized $32 million but has
appropriated only $25 million.
Failure to win approval of
the requested $6 million Fed
eral payment will postpone
certain phases of the public
works program.
The subcommittee is headed
by Representative Thomas.
Democrat of Texas.