davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-04-03
WILLIAM S. WHITE
Weapons BuiIdup Decision Rated
As Stupid Move in Point of Tininq

The Soviet bloc, which
many credit with a cold and
superior wisdom supposedly
residing only in efficient"
relationships, has just made
a political mistake of crash
ing fooliShneSS.
Any western politician
above county commissioner
who made so stupid a blunder
could save himself the trouble
OF running for reelection.
The general consequence is
to shake the cliche that the
free world is always a BIZ
fuzzy at the game and the
Communist world always
right on top of the ball.
A specific consequence is to
give PreSid n t Kennedy's
vast new military program a
better outlook in Congress
than it had beforehand.
The eight Com unis t
countries Of the Warsaw
Pact. headed by the Soviet
Union, have flatly challenged
the West by announcing a
weapons buildup.
Some foreign observers
have called their manifest
relatively moderate e"-mod-
crate relative to the naked
threats these eight used to
hurl after each Warsaw Pact
meeting. But, moderate" or
not in this kind of definition,
it was most immoderately
stupid in point Of timing.
And timing can be as vital
as the substance of policy
itself.
For this was the moment
for the Communists to talk
only peace, peace, peace.
The proclamation comes
precisely when the Western
alliance, the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization, has
been showing strains. Auto
matically it drives NATO
closer together. Automati-
cally it bankrupts the fiction
that the Russians were ready
to let Western Europe alone
now while they "concen-
trated" on the Congo and
Laos. Automatically it makes
clear that the heart of Rus.
sian strategy remains Just
where for years it had been
to drive the free world out
Of Berlin and, in time, out of
Europe.
And, as the cream of this
somber jest, the interna-
tional Communists plainly
disclosed their real inten-
tions with yet another ex-
ample of their mastery of
timing. For they disclosed
their new menace on the very
day that the tough, quiet
American Secretary of De-
fenSe, Robert Mcnamara,
Evening star., 1961-04-03

home, 3O39 Albemarle street
NV.
The Oldest alumnus Of the
Bliss Electrical School, Mr..
Robinson helped install the
first electric lights in the old
National Hotel at Sixth street
and Pennsylvania avenue NV.
in 1896. After 36 years as q
Government electrician, he re-
tired in 1941, worked as a con-
struction worker for IL years,
and retired again in 1853 to
devote himself to church and
affairs.
Evening star., 1961-04-03

congressman can ignore their
need because there isn't the
slightest chance of political
retaliation. Few Of these reg
lister to vote. And in five
States which require poll
taxes, the cost Of the right to
vote Is too high a price.
But for what it's worth,
those who are calling the
House vote a Kennedy defeat
might reconsider. Workers
who hoped for it are aware
he tried. And next year will
produce elections. The Con-
gress will then up the mini
mum to what he asks. 1t
probably is premature to call
1t a Kennedy setback.
Evening star., 1961-04-03
Russia Seen Betting on West Disunity
In Face of Continued P1thet Lao Gains

and the tactics Of saber-rat-
ting, employed recently by
certain powers, not only do
not promote this, but can Sc
riously complicate the entire
matter of settlement on the
Laos problem"
The translation as cabled
from London by the Reuters
news service gives a slightly
different version in the last
sentence as follows:
%. The tactics of saber-
rattling, used of late by GER
tain powers, far from pro-
noting this, may seriously
aggravate this matter of set
ting the Laotian problem"
The Soviet note says the
rebellion in Laos was raised
by a group Of plotters relying
on outside military assist
ance," thus accusing America.
The West, on the other hand.
contends that the SovietS
provided military assistance
and officially instigated the
rebellion.
So, with this impasSe, the
question arises as to what
the Soviets really are pro-
posing now in their note.
They ignore the British and
American request for an i'm
mediate cease fire" as a
necessary move before any
international conferences are
held. Instead, the Russians
propose a cumbersome process
of negotiation involving three
separate activities, all going
on at the same time.
First, the Russians say, an
appeal" should be issued by
themselves and Britain to the
warning factions in Laos to
stop the fighting. But moth
ing is said as to how pressure
is to be exerted to get an
agreement among the Laos
factions nor as to what steps
are to be taken to stop all
outside military assistance.
Otherwise. the fighting may
go on indefinitely as the fu-
tile talks continue.
Second, the Russians agree
that an international COM
mission Of supervision and
control composed of Canada,
India and Poland shall make
sure that the conditions of
any truce ultimately agreed
upon are fully carried out.
The West agrees to this. The
Russians point out that they
originally sponsored this plan
last February 18.
Third, the Russians agree
that a 14-member conference
their original idea, too, but
supported by Britain in her
Evening star., 1961-04-03
DAVID LAWRENCE

Russia is stalling and, in
effect, passes the buck on a
cease fire" to the two fight
ing factions in Laos. Mean
while, the Communist-sup-
ported rebels there are gain
ing ground and winning vic
tories. Soon they will have
a big chunk of LaoS-the
northern section-the first
toe-hold the Soviet Union will
have gained in Southeast
Asia.
It is a perplexing situation
for President Kennedy and
Prime Minister Macmillan.
They don't want to start a
big war-nor participate in
q little one. Russia Is relying
on her customary tactics
long-drawn-out negotiations
and palaver about peace"
and neutrality" which will
permit her own kind of gov
ernment to be installed even
tually in Laos.
The Soviet Unions reply to
the British note is an ambig-
uouS and purposely confus-
ing document. President Ken
nedy tactfully takes a eu-
phemiStic view of it. He
says it is "a useful next STEP"
But that's only a polite way
Of avoiding a stalemate in
any negotiations.
"Quiet diplomacy" never
thelesS has suddenly come to
a halt. and the world is wit
Messing again the same open
tactics Of propaganda or
argument by publicity that
has characterized the Soviet
strategy for many years now.
The Russians probably will
blame President Kennedy for
the change. They will point
to his sensational appearance
at a televised press confer
ence when he read a blunt
warning to the Soviets. It
was followed by an implied
threat Of military action to
be taken by the Southeast
Asia Treaty Organization.
This policy was dramatized
by the conference at Bang
kok attended by the United
States Secretary Of State.
The Soviet note received
over the week end makes a
direct criticism Of these
moves. In the unofficial
translation from the Russian
language given to the press
at Palm Beach, the wording
is as follows:
1T goes without saying
that the threats of interfer-
ence in the affairs of Laos
by the Southeast Asia Treaty
Organization military bloc
Evening star., 1961-04-03
Brotherhood Honors
Its Oldest Member

Members of Local No. 26,
International Brotherhood of
Workers, yesterday
honered their Oldest member,
Willis B. Robinson, with an
85th birthday party at his
Evening star., 1961-04-03
NEW MONEY FOR SAVERS!

On April lst, nearly three and third million dol
lars was credited to the accounts of the 10000
people who save at Perpetual. This brand new
money was PerpetualS quarterly dividend and was
calculated on monthly balances for January, Feb
ruary and March. Yes, in just three months, savers
at Perpetual were rewarded for their thrift and
foresight by $3,3OO,OOO, a truly tremendous sum.
Evening star., 1961-04-03

The next dividend will be paid to savers on July
lSt and you, also, share in this and future div-
dendS by opening a savings account at any of
PerpetualS convenient offices. You may start
with any amount you wish as Perpetual welcomes
the small savings customer well as the big lump
sum investment account Any money brought in
by Thursday, April 10th will earn dividends for
the FULL month.
Evening star., 1961-06-04

homes and contribute to the
continuing growth and pros
perity of the city.
If the Negro today is looking
to the future. he cannot escape
the presenter the past. The
memory of public segregation
and the knowledge of private
discrimination is a part of his
experience.
A minister Of one Of the
largest Negro churches ir
Washington was talking about
segregation and what happens
when it ends.
What happens when you re.
move the barriers?" he asked
"It opens a whole new world
You're a white man anc
you can't possibly understand
what it means to be Segre.
gated, to see the signs saying
white and 'colored,' to know
what it feels like to have tx
ride on the back of the bus
or not be able to go in 6
restaurant, or to see a movie
you'd like to go to and know
that even if you can get il
you have to sit upstairs il
the gallery.
"All right, you remove thu
barriers and wonderful thing.
Evening star., 1961-06-04

have happened since then. The
Negroes not conditioned to
freedom. He might run amuck
because he feels so free. But
in time he becomes different
It's indescribable. He imbibes
an atmosphere Of freedom.
He begins to feel more like
a man. Segregation does
something to you on the inside
that you can't see or under
stand unless you've experienced
it.
"You can't get rid of us, SC
why not build us up, make us
real citizens? There's no mir
acle about desegregation. AL
the problems aren't going tt
vanish overnight.
But in time they will"
One Negro likes to recite 6
legend of the Himalayas a.
applying to race relations il
Washington since he was 6
boy.
1T was dusk as I neared thu
mountain, and at its bast
I perceived what appeared tc
be a beast. But as I grew
nearer, I saw that it was 6
IMAM. When I reached him,
found he was my brother"
Evening star., 1961-06-04

applicants were accepted by the
board of Education for the first
desegregation Of the city's
public schools in September.
Alabama's Gov. John Pat
terson telegraphed President
Kennedy a warning today that
further disorder and discord
is bound to result" unless
the rides stop. He urged the
President to discourage the
movement.
Implying that rides have the
administrations Endorsement,
Gov. Patterson said:
1--WE are alarmed to see the
Federal Government seemingly
acting in concert with those at
the root of current unrest in
the South. 1t is a time for a
return to reason on the part
of the Federal Government in
dealing with this explosive is
Sue."
Evening star., 1961-06-04
Miss Universe
Candidate Hurt

BRENNAN, Tex, June 8
(AP) Miss Dee Ann McCau-
ley, a regional winner in the
coming Miss Universe contest,
suffered a broken back Friday
night in a 15-foot fall from a
night club window.
Miss McCauley won the re-
gional title of Miss Waco" She
is a student at Baylor Univer-
sity in Waco.
She stepped out Of the night
club window thinking it was at
near ground level, as is the en-
trance. But the window is above
a creek.
Her mother said, "She was
just acting silly and decided to
step out of the window and 60
to the car rather than go out
! the door,"
Evening star., 1961-06-04

DEGREES by United States Dis
trict Judge Frank M. Johnson,
jr., who on Friday:
Called a halt until further
notice to rides through Ala
bama organized and sponsored
for the sole purpose of challeng-
ing racial barriers.
Charged Montgomery police
with "willful failure" to head
off mob riots two weeks ago and
put the force and a former re-
serve policeman under strict
no-bus-violence injunctions.
Kept in force an earlier Or
der prohibiting the Ku Klux
Klan and three individuals
from further violence against
the riders or other interstate
bus travellers.
Taking Negro leaders and
Freedom Rider organizations
to task, too, Judge johnson
granted a Montgomery police
department plea for a tempo
rary restraining order against
four such groups and five Ne
gro strategiSts.
Appeals Mapped
Two of the leaders, the Rev.
Martin Luther King, jr., Of
Atlanta, and the Rev. Ralph
D. Abernathy of Montgomery,
spokeSmen for the Congress of
Racial Equality CORE, also
mentioned, said they will ap-
peal the order forbidding them
and the others from:
Sponsoring, financing, as
sisting or encouraging any in
dividual or groups Of individu-
ais in travelling in interstate
commerce through or in Ala
bama for the purpose of test
ing the State or local laws as
those laws relate to racial seq
regation."
But Judge johnson made 1t
clear today that his edict does
not ban attacks on segregation
itself as long as individuals or
groups are making bona fide
trips through Alabama without
sponsorship or financial back
ing for that purpose.
Must Show Independence
A court source said, however
any Negro challenging segre-
cation may be summoned be-
fore the Judge to prove that he
is acting independently of the
persons and Freedom Rider
groups mentioned in his order.
That decree, effective pend
ing a hearing June IL, applies
to Mr.. King, Mr.. Abernathy
the Rev. F. L. Shuttlesworth OF
Birmingham, the Rev. S. S
Seay. sr. of Montgomery, the
Rev. Wyatt Tee Walker Of At
lanta, CORE and these other
ride-promoting groups:
The Student Non-Violent
Movement at Nashville, Tenn,
the Southern Christian Leader
ship Conference headed by Mr.,
King, the Montgomery County
Jail Council, formed by IL bus
depot integrationists jailed last
week, and "all persons acting
in concert with them"
Mr.. King said today that Or
Evening star., 1961-06-04

ganized rides will continue in
other States while the Alabama
ban is appealed to the 5th
United States Circuit Court of
Appeals at New Orleans.
Another Of the five Negro
leaders named in Judge john
sons order-Mr. Shuttlesworth
was fined 5000 and sentenced
to $50 days in Jail at Birming-
ham Friday night on charges
stemming from Freedom Rider
disturbances there May IT.
The minister also was put
under $4,000 peace bond for IL
months. He appealed the SEN
tences, but spent the night in
jail after the judge cited him
for contempt because of the
manner in which he testified.
At jackson, Miss, 13 more
riders arrived Friday and were
promptly jailed on breach Of
peace charges after the Negroes
in the groups went into the
white waiting room and the
white persons used the Negro
facility. Their, arrest pushed
the total to 65 since the rides
began.
Patterson Makes Appeal
AS the week-long injunction
hearing ended in Montgomery,
the last SO of the nearly TOO
United States marshals sent in
were being returned home.
In Atlanta, 10 of 1874 Negro
Evening star., 1961-06-04
White Mans Problem

The removal of inequalities
of opportunity is the white
mans problem in the Nations
Capital today.
Despite the complex nature
of that problem, Negro leaders
today are optimistic about the
future.
Often. they will point to the
1947 report Of the Presidents
Evening star., 1961-06-04

TO a white man. Certainly not
all did: others, though were
fortnight and outspoken.
Race Used as Crutch
There is another aspect to
this problem. I have met Ne
groes who use their race as a
crutch to explain away all
shortcomings or failings. Some
seem to find certain comfort
In thinking this way.
This can be explainl d in part
by, the Negroes heritage of sec
ond-clasS citizenship and dis
I. elimination. Because of this,
the Negro has a built-in es-
cape valve. He can always say
The reason he didn't succeed
| was because of prejudice. While
This is true in many cases, in
: Others it is not.
- Many Negroes seem inclined
TO look for imagined slurs,
when in fact none was in
tended. Today, as Negroes find
more doors open to them, they
would seem to have a consid-
cradle problem in equating the
Illustrations of their race with
their own individual abilities.
80 Negroes Sensitive
A Negro psychologist says he
discusses this problem with
students who are about to enter
the business world.
"One problem they have 20
determine" he says, "is the
difference between criticism
which may be based on racial
prejudice and that which is
merited because of their own
shortcomings.
"They must be prepared to
take their Jumps like anyone
else. From the Negroes point
of view, this is often difficult
because he is naturally sensi-
tive. He might be prone to be
on the lookout for imagined
racial criticism"
An incident involving a
young Negro college student
pointed up part OF this prob
lem. He told about going to a
bank with a $1,000 check to
open an account.
The teller asked his name
and filled out the form. Then
he said to the Negro:
well, Jim, we're happy to
have you do business with us"
wait minute" the student
replied. Lets do this all over
again. I said my name was
James Smith. Right? Well,
when I do business with you
I expect you to call me Mr..
Smith. Then we can do busi-
ness"
Apology Offered
The teller apologized and
said no offense was intended.
The account was opened and
the Negro still does business
there.
That case iIIuStratad tuo
Evening star., 1961-06-04

Committee on Civil Rights as
one indication Of how far the
Negro in Washington has
come in a relatively short pc
riod.
"If he "a Negro) stops in
Washington" the report stated,
with very few exceptions he
is refused service at downtown
restaurants, he may not at
tend a downtown movie or play,
and he has to go in the poorer
sections Of the city to find a
nights lodging.
"The Negro who decides to
settle In the District must often
find a home in an overcrowded,
subStandard area. He must
often take a job below the level
Of his ability. He must send
his children to inferior public
schools set aside for Negroes
and entrust his family's health
to medical agencies which give
inferior service.
"In addition, he must endure
the countless daily humilia-
tons that the system of seq
regation imposes upon the one
third Of Washington that is
Negro"
Situation Changed
Now, IA years later, public
segregation has ended. An in
creasing number of Negroes
have good jobs, live in decent
Evening star., 1961-06-04
Freedom Rider Curbs
Due to Face Appeals

MONTGOMERY Ala, June 3 (AP).-The future of or
ganzed freedom rides in Alabama remained uncertain tonight
lawyers prepared to appeal series of reachng Federal
court orders.
least three integrationist spokesmen
that higher courts will be asked weigh the legality of the
Evening star., 1961-06-04

men, even OF good will, often
betray unconscious prejudices.
The other was the Negro's
acute reaction to any inference
which reflects unfavorably on
his race.
Here's another example. A
Negro and this reporter were
walking down a street in the
business section of the city. I
used the word hoy" in con-
nection with a young Negro
college student I had met.
why did you say 'boy'?" the
Negro wanted to know.
That word, he said, has a
bad connotation to Negroes.
1t has been used too often to
deprecate those of his race. 1t
makes them feel servile. He
thought perhaps my own pref
udiceS were showing.
made it clear would have
used the same word for a white
youth. Everything apparently
was all right then.
Those are examples of the
extreme Sensitivity of many
Negroes to real or imagined
sights or evidences of preju-
dice.
Still Victimized
But aside from this some
times unreasonable sensitivity,
as these articles have shown
the Negro in Washington to-
day still is Disseminated
against. He still is victimized
because of his race. White
men still tend to think of the
races in terms of superiority
and inferiority.
1t is part of the white mans
responsibility to realize that,
as one Negro said, THE Negro
may have a peculiar back
ground, but he is not a peculiar
person"
Despite the population fig
ures showing the Negro in the
majority in Washington, the
white man is the dominant
power in the Capital. His
contribution to understanding
is therefore the most impor-
tant.
Prejudice does not die easily.
Maybe it is impossible to elm
mate prejudice and maybe
there always will be inequali-
ties. But it is not impossible to
eliminate the inequalities Of OPP
portunity that are the result of
prejudice. Today the inequali-
ties of opportunity-to get a
job, to find a home, to go where
a man pleases-are on the way
out.
White Mans Problem
The removal of inequalities
Evening star., 1961-06-04
Apology Offered
Race Used as Crutch

The teller apologized and
said no offense was intended
The account was opened and
the Negro still does business
there.
That case illustrated two
things. One was that white
Evening star., 1961-06-04
THE SUNDAY STAR
Washington, D. c., June 4, 1861
The Negro in Washington Briqht F

I. Continued From First Page
TO a white man. Certainly not
all did; others, though were
fortnight and outspoken.
The Nome nugget., 1961-10-27
Egan Says ARA Program Could Be the Start of Economic Strides in Alaska

ANCHORAGE N = The Fed eral Area Redevelopment pro gram could be the spark to help bring on great economic strides within Alaska, Gov. William Egan said yesterday.
 But, Egan warned in speech at the opening session of the League of Alaska Cities 1861 Convention, such advancement can take place only if Alaskaals show unity of purpose and unity of effort"
 We have abundant resources. We have an abundance of skilled labor. The economic potentials of Alaska have barely been tapped. Tn other words, we have much to offer. We have much to gain.
 But our advancement must be boot-strap type of operation. We must utilize our skills, our en- thusiasm, our willingness to work and our imaginations in sn effort to develop the type of Alaska we have long dreamed of.
 "The Federal Area Redevelop- ment program is the spark, the vehicle which may permit us to further our own advancement"
 Egan urged the League to take full advantage of borough legis- lation to avoid duplication of services; division of powers. duties and responsibilities and fi- nancial base; and excessive mosts of local government.
 ( the leaders of incorporated cities recognize that the prob lems of the outlying areas are also their problems-that one day, as communities expand, areas which now rim incorpo- rated cities will either have to be brought into the system of
The Nome nugget., 1961-10-27

local government or surrounded by it:
 "But lccal leadership can cause the borough legislation now on the books to be used. The state can assist. But it cannot do the work that must be done by local leadership.
 ssIt would be tragic if in this brand new state, despite our knowledge Of ali of the ills that have plagued other communities in other states that we, too, should stumble into the same pit falls and the same unnecessary expense attendant on inefficient government"
 Egan also said he had hoped that since the people of Alaska had voted once on the question of relocation of the state capital, it would be laid to rest"
 ssRegresfully. this has not been the case. Appareilsssx we once again will be hearing the old try that one area or another is a detriment to the progress of the entire state.
 Let me repeat point of view I have expressed many times.
 Without basic unity, without a rejection of regionalism, we face a great tragedy--a tragedy of our own making. For we are in dan ger of losing that very oneness that gained for us statehood and every forward, progressive step in our history"
The Nome nugget., 1961-10-27
Rep. Jeffery Cohelan to Be In Nome Nov. B


 The Honorable Jeffery Cohe- Ian, Democratic representative from California's 7th Congress sional District, Alameda County, who is a member of the House Armed Services Committee, will be inspecting US. Army and other defense installations in Alaska during the first week of Novem- Der. He will visit Nome on Nov. 3 for approximately three hours arriving between 1l:o0 and 11:30 a.m-
 Included in the party will be Brig. Gen. Lester L. Wheeler, Commanding General, Yuk kon Conamand at Fort Wainwright; It. Col. Winchester Kelso, the of ficial guide officer from the De- partment of the Army and a Colonel from Maj. Gen. Mich aelis' staff. Rep. Rivers has been invited, but it is not known yet whether he will be able to ac- cept.
 The public is cordially invited to attend the greeting ceremony at the airport and the no-host lunch at the North Star Seaview Room. The lunch is sponsored by the Chamber Commerce. The 1st Scout Bn. will provide an Honor Guard at the airport If weather conditions permit, it is planned to give the party dog team rides.
 Anyone desiring further details may contact Major David Money at the Armory.