davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-05-29
MissiIe-Bose Peace

The agreement between labor and
management on no-Strike, no-lockout
armiStice at missile bases is a reflection
of the urgent necessity to halt the un-
considerable rash Of work stoppages at
Cape Canaveral and other sites. Ger
tainly these voluntary efforts are worth
try, and the administration is to be
commended for eliciting the newborn
pledges Of cooperation and amity.
OF course the real test will come
when trouble breaks out, when jurisdic-
tional and other conflicts cause tenn
perS, now so even, to fray. For there
are no tough sanctions in the ambitious
new program announced by the PreSi-
dent, no element of compulsion except
in the moral concern with the national
security. And too often in the past
this has been proved inadequate. Still,
there is hope, as expressed by Secretary
of Labor Goldberg, that free labor and
management can respond to . the
national interest without the compul-
sion of law" Snrely, if it can be done,
that is the best way.
The basic machinery to be eStab-
liShed is simple and reasonable. In
stead of awaiting a crisis, local labor
relations committees will be set up at
each of the 10 missile bases and three
Space-teSt centerS to try to anticipate
and to resolve differences before boil
ing points are reached. When these
on-the-Site committees are unable to
function effectively, a top-level IL
member national panel, headed by Mr..
Goldberg, will step in.
AS President Kennedy has said,
and as the recent Senate hearings so
clearly revealed, avoidable delays Of the
sort which has resulted from labor
disputes in the past months are "too
expensive a luxury" for the Nation to
bear. If the new voluntary effort does
not work, Congress will have to consider
outlawing strikes on defense projects.
And If this course of action appears to
labor as Damoclean sword, its exist
ence as an ultimate possibility never
theleSs may serve its purposes.
Evening star., 1961-05-29
Perhaps the Last Chance

Congress Is confronted with what
well may be the last chance to save
the Prince Georges section of the
George Washington Memorial Parkway
from destruction by the bulldozers Of
private construction interests. Pro-
moters of home and apartment projects
are planning an early start on building
operations that would end the long
efforts of Federal and Maryland author
tiles to purchase the land along the
Potomac River needed for completion of
the Great Falls-to-Fort Washington
parkway. 1t would be most regrettable
if the final Maryland segment of the
drive were to be abandoned.
AS Representative Lankford Of
Maryland has testified before the
Senate Appropriations Committee, Con-
gress decided 81 years ago that the
parkway should run along the Potomac
shore all the way to the old fort across
from Mount Vernon. The Prince Georges
Commissioners have reiterated their
Evening star., 1961-05-29
Revival of Rowinq

In recent years there has
been a tremendous revival of
rowing by the high schools
of Northern Virginia and
Washington universities, and
this is a 100To response to
President Kennedy's request
for youth physical fitness.
These young men make
tremendous sacrifices in eff
fort and time and deserve
the co-ordinated efforts Of
all of our citizens to promote
physical fitness as requested
by our President. The coaches
also deserve a special COM
mendation.
More cooperation and as
siStance are needed: Promi-
nent display Of regatta an
nouncements and related
activities by local merchants:
more publicity Of rowing and
regattas by newspapers; har-
Dor police escort for flotillas
Of shells going to or returning
from the Old Dominion Boat
Club after regattas to protect
them from speedboats.
Shells are expensive and
delicate. All courses should
be patrolled during regattas
in order to eliminate inter-
ference from speeding motor
boats.
In the mid-l9th century
sculling and rowing events on
the Potomac were as popular
Evening star., 1961-05-29
Texas Turns q Corner

Republican John G. Towers Sena-
tortal victory in Texas may well have
been more spectacular than significant.
Mr.. Tower, a 35-year-old former edu-
Gator who already had proved himself
an energetic and popular political cam
paigner, offered the Texans youthful
brand of homespun conservatism. His
opponent, the incumbent 62-year- old
Senator Blakley, offered them pretty
much the same thing-without the
youthfulness and freshness of the per-
Sonable eX-college professor. The rela-
lively light turnout on Saturday of less
than 100000 votes-compared to almost
2.3 million cast for the same seat last
Observation-Disclosures that the Texans
themselves were not deeply concerned
about how the race came out.
For his part, Mr.. Tower invoked his
Republicanism Sparingly but with aStute
judgment. He did not feature it in his
campaigning, and he was most Selective
about importing G. o. P. help and in
dorSementS. Arizona'S Senator Barry
Goldwater, whose conservatism is a
model for that philosophy, visited the
Lone Star State-as did two other
Staunch party figures, National Chair
man ThruSton Morton of Kentucky and
Representative Walter Judd Of Mime
sofa. A pilgrimage to Gettysburg brought
Mr.. Tower the Endorsement of former
President Eisenhower, twice a winner
and always popular in Texas. That was
it for the G. o. P. nationally.
In turn, Mr. Blakley was attempting
to rally Democratic forces already deeply
divided. Nearly seventy rivals, for
example, had contested his right to the
nomination in April, and it had been
obvious through the weeks of campaign
ing since that the more powerful of those
whom he had defeated in the primary
were sitting this one out. The tradition
of more than 80 years Of Democratic
supremacy did not have enough momen-
tum to survive on this occasion. Further
more, there is in Texas an evident lack
Of appeal to the New Frontier.
. With all this, the G. o. P. has much
reason to be highly pleased with the
Saturday result. Texas has dabbled
tentatively in genuine two-party politics
in recent years. Mr.. Tower has made
enough good Showings in Statewide
tests to demonstrate he Is no flash in
the pan politically. He has the oppor-
tunity now to build real vigor into the
Republican Party in Texas, with perhaps
Important bearing on the forthcoming
events of 1862 and 1864.
Evening star., 1961-05-29
Thomas E. MURRAY

ThomaS E. Murray, dead now at 50,
was one of the Nations ablest and most
dedicated citizens. An inventor, an in
duStrial engineer and an outstanding
financial and business administrator, he
took special pride In topping his dis
tinguiShed private career with public
service Of the highest order, particu-
larly as member Of the Atomic Energy
Commission from 1850 to 1857.
During those years, Mr.. Murray con-
tributed Importantly to nuclear develop
ment for both military and non military
purposes. He took strong issue at times
with the Eisenhower administration
specifically with Lewis Strauss, then
chairman Of the Aeon a number of
key matters, including the pace and
scale of our atomic program for peace
full uses. Right or wrong, however, his
disSents and criticisms were temperately
voiced, and they unquestionably helped
to promote greater public understand
ing Of the atoms good and evil poten-
tialitieS.
After leaving the Acc, Mr. Murray
continued to give the country sound
counsel as conSultant to the Joint Con-
gressional Atomic Committee Among
other things, he advocated the develop
ment Of items of thousands" of small
A-weapons for use in limited warfare.
Above all, while he favored putting an
end to multimegaton hydrogen-bomb
experimental detonations, he repeatedly
and eloquently warned that the United
States would be endangering itself If it
adhered to its present suspension of
testing while seeking an adequately
policed ban agreement with the evaSive
Sovet Union.
This warning grows more pertinent
with each passing day. Together with
the British, we have been negotiating
with the Russians for nearly three years
now in an effort to work out such ban.
Meanwhile, we have had no assurance
against the very real possibility that
they have been cheating on us with
clandestine underground tests that
could give them a decisive military
advantage. Mr.. Murray's somber advice
on that score constitutes but one of the
many fine services he rendered America.
Evening star., 1961-05-29
Survey Rough Road Encountered by Freedom Riders

In your editorial, Alabama
on Trial" you are correct in
saying that nothing. useful
can be proved through trips
with escorts Of armed mar
shals, or by violent attempts
to prevent such trips.
Admission was formerly
Annie's Town, where a fine
lady by the name Of Annie
in the old days fed travellers
from far and near. The little
city grew up around Annie
and is an attractive one, just
west Of the Talladega Ma
tional Forest. I can imagine
no well-behaved traveller
meeting with trouble there.
If you wave red flags at a
bull. however, you might as
well expect a charge and
particularly so If you want
to make a show of contempt,
and yell: Let's see you do
something about this red flag
you dumb oxen!"
Knowing they had the
backing Of Washington, the
so called Freedom Riders
came into Annie's Town with
great publicity, TV commen-
tatorS like Howard K. Smith
(CBS), photographers, re-
porters and, in effect, chal-
lenged the bull. So, the bull
charged. And on they went,
after their bus was burned.
Finally. in Montgomery. the
marshals came without being
invited. For such Freedom
Riders as came from Nash
vile, which is the capital of
my home State, I offer my
humble apology to Gov. John
Patterson. to Senator Spark
man, and to Senator Hill. The
actions of college students in
Nashville, in this mess, are
deplorable. 1t reminds me of
the boys getting into a
farmers watermelon patch,
then destroying the vines.
Courts cannot escape some
of the blame. They have left
police and law enforcement
in confusion too often. To
take the riders into protec-
tive custody before any out
breaks Of violence would have
opened the door to lawsuits
by the NAACP for the denial
of civil rights. To stand by
and do nothing was to invite
criticism; 1--WE respond to
calls here just like any place
else. But we have no intention
of standing guard for a bunch
of trouble-makerS. :" Such
was the excuse offered by the
police commissioner. Maybe
he preferred United States
marshals in town to do the
dirty work. Let Washington
stop it. For, after all. Wash
ington started it.
E. H. Alexander
n \ Il X
It would seem to me be-
meath the dignity of the
United States Government
to engage agents provoca-
teurs against our own people.
It seems incredible that
our own authorities would
engage these agents to go
Evening star., 1961-05-29
LETTERS TO THE STAR

the insensitiveness and i'm
patience on the part of the
Health Service employees
who, because they are now
employed by a government
monopoly, have been freed
from the normal restraints
imposed when competitive
facilities exist as they do in
this country.
c. T. Hellmuth.
Evening star., 1961-05-29

ifornia astronomers has Just
been announced by the
Atomic Energy Commission,
under whose auspices the in
vestigations in "cosmic
chemistry" were carried out.
The very ancient chunks
of space material are the
iron meteorites. The stone
bodies range only from 3 mil
lion to so million years old.
The two must originate in
different parts of the galaxy,
the astronomers believe.
Orbits Eccentric
The orbits of asteroids, the
report points out, are ex-
tremely eccentric. The meas
urable short-lived activity.
according to the report, is
accumulated while the body
is somewhere close to the
earth's orbit while the long
lived activity is acquired
within the asteroidal belt, or
beyond.
Thus, says the report, "a
comparison of the special
conStancy of coSmic radia-
ton over some 300 million
miles can be obtained. Meas
urements were performed at
the Brookhaven National
Laboratory on a meteorite
that fell in Indiana in 1859,
The 35-day argon 81 and the
260-year argon 80 were COM
pared to the production rates
of these isotopes derived
from bombarding a sample of
the meteorite. The ratio of
the two isotopes in the sam
pie bombarded was found to
be consistent with the ratio
determined in the meteorite
before bombardment. This
result indicates that cosmic
rays are constant through
out the space probed by the
meteorite."
Evening star., 1961-05-29

to Alabama and proceed de-
liberately to flout the laws
Of a sovereign State in order
to stir up trouble in a peace
full community.
1t all sounds to me like a
story out of the Italian Mid
die Ages.
-Four hundred bully boys
recruited, armed. trained
and kept in readiness to
spring.
Agents provocateurs sent
into the enemy country to
start a row.
The great leader, armed
to the teeth and ready to
save the country-from what?
Who is the enemy?
Allan Cunningham.
Noticing that my children
were getting jaded from the
mild comic book horrors of
green monsters from outer
space, humanoid spiders, and
resuscitated ghouls, 1 Sug-
geSted that they try read
ing David Lawrence for
kicks, and they started with
his column of May %. 1t
worked. My 10-year-olds
hair turned white: my g.
year-old, blood curdling, ran
into the streets crying, How
specious can a columniSt be?"
and my six-year-old, eyes
dilated with shock, asked if
Mr.. Lawrence was trying to
be the Walter Lippman of the
Birch Society set.
The column in question,
of course, was the one in
which Mr.. Lawrence sets us
straight about the right to
incite to riot. If those who
would deny you your rights
threaten violence, he sug-
gests, you must yield. If
through temporary negli-
gence" on the part of the
police mobs roam a State at
will for 3 days or more, the
Federal Government must
wait for the Governor to say
that he cannot maintain Or
der. BY no means must any,
thing be done to disturb Mr..
Lawrence's sacred cow, seq
regation. We must give Mr..
Lawrence full credit, how
ever: he lets lesser historians
re-write the past; he re-
writes the present, while it
is still hot. He reminds me
of the Soviet apologists who
in December, 1856, could
describe the Hungarian up
risings as the work of land
lords and capitalist lackeyS.
There must be some fitting
award for which you could
submit this column.
Warren w. Morse.
4 4 4 =
David LaWrence'S article of
May % is replete with per-
suasive poppycock. Compar-
pairing the trip of the Free
dom Riders" with the act OF
shouting Fire" in a crowded
auditorium, he claims that
the riders violated the Con-
stitution by provoking law
lessness. Further, Mr.. Law
renee suggests that relief
from interstate bus restric-
tions based on race can be
Evening star., 1961-05-29
British Medical Aid

AS reported in the London
Economist, a recent report
by the Central Health Serv-
ices Council in Great Britain
is recommended reading for
all those who feel that Gov
ernment intervention in
medical care will not serious
ly harm the quality of medi-
cal care in this country.
The report speaks Of the
"rough-and-ready, and some
times inhuman, treatment
often given to mothers in
pregnancy and childbirth"
Overcrowded clinics and
shortage Of maternity ac-
commodations are a part of
the cause but there is also
Evening star., 1961-05-29

as present day baseball or
football.
President Kennedy asked
officials of Government, par
ents, young people and all
interested national and local
organizations to promote
programs and activities dem
onstrating the Importance of
youth fitness. This coxswain,
sculler and oarSman Of the
late 18th and early goth CEN
turies will be extremely de-
lighted to witness new and
enlarged revival Of rowing on
a national scale.
James S. MacGruer.
Evening star., 1961-05-29
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Mans Brain Has Temperature Eve
By THOMAS R. HENRY

Man has a temperature
eye" inside his brain.
1t is a tiny bit of nervous
tissue in the hypothalamus
at the base of the brain
part of the primitive, or au-
tomatically reacting, brain
which is we'll below the level
of consciousness but controls
many of the most important
activities of the body. The
"eye" has almost the same
functions with respect to
heat from the environment
as the retina of the eye for
light.
This finding has just been
announced through the Ma
tional Academy of Sciences
by Drs. T. H. Benzinger and
Charlotte Kitzinger of tn e
Navy'S Medical Research In
stitute at Bethesda.
Sweating Necessary
The heat retina," they re-
port, receives constant heat
stimulation from about a
million nerve endings in the
skin. When heat becomes ex-
cessive the center stimulates
sweat glands by means of
which the body gets rid of
large amounts of heat by
evaporation. Sweating is one
of the essential functions of
living. 1t keeps man from
boiling to DEATH"
1t formerly was thought
that the skin nerve endings
themselves stimulated the
sweating process. They ap-
parently have nothing, per
Sc, to do with it, according
to the new findings.
\ 4 \ 4
Some shooting stars" have
been cruising around in
space for more than a bill
lion years.
This finding for iron me-
teorites by University of CAL
Evening star., 1961-05-29

obtained through the courts.
The court has already de-
cided the matter. 1t is now
the duty of bus and law Of
ficials to enforce the courts
Judgment. Does Mr.. Law
renee maintain that Negroes
should wait until no objec-
ton is likely to be offered
before attempting to enjoy
the right of unrestricted ia
cilitieS?
BY an iniquitous analogy, it
can be argued that the black
man who moves into a white
community against objec-
tions is violating the Consti-
tuition. The same holds true
in regard to schools.
The Lawrence contention
is loaded with malarky. The
issue here is not whether a
person has a right to shout
a phony fire alarm. 1t is to
what extent the exercise Of a
constitutional right is to be
confirmed by the might of
law or curtailed by the mean
ness of a mauling mob.
J. w. Haywood, jr.
4
William S. Whites emo
tional column, The Mob and
True SouthernerS" fails to
move me, possibly because it
stands in juXtapoSition to
Ralph McGill's Indictment
of the Alabama press, clergy,
chambers of commerce and
elected officials, all of whom
have as a matter of record
openly defied Federal au-
thority and abdicated in
favor of the Klan. In view of
Mr.. Whites solemn assurance
that there are many able and
decent citizens down there,
a crude extremist" like me
can only wonder how it hap
pens that the sole Southern
gentleman who has spoken
up bravely in the present
crisis on the side of honor
has been the Rev. Martin
Luther King.
Justine Randers-PehrsOn
+ 4 4
I must compliment Will
liam S. White and Ralph
McGill for their excellent
articles on the Alabama
tragedy. While their view
points differ, their aims are
the same. The return to law
and order and civil liberties
for all men are what they
seek.
Though my own views are
more in line with Mr.. Nc
Gill's, I feel that if Mr..
Whites article were made re-
quired reading for "the mob"
responsible for the trouble in
Alabama, most of this
trouble would disappear. His
sympathetic treatment of the
problem would make them
realize just how self defeat
ing their actions are.
Todd TerreS
4 4 Il y
Concerning those Freedom
Riders, it must be about as
safe riding that freedom bus
down in Birmingham as it is
walking the streets Of Wash
ington after dark.
Jay Hawkins
Evening star., 1961-05-29
WATCHING THE WORLD
De GouIIe: A ChoIIenqe for Kennedy
By CROSBY S. NOYE
Foreign Correspondent Of The Stor

his own house. On him alone
depends the destiny Of
France. And on him, perhaps
more than any other man,
depends as we'll the destiny
of the Atlantic alliance.
What gives Mr.. Kennedy's
visit it's special Importance is
the fact that Gen. de Gaulle
has never been firmer than
he is today in his own as
SeSsment of the world situa-
tion, or in his conviction as
to where the security and
the national interest OF
France lie.
In the new President, fur
thermore, Gen. de Gaulle
undoubtedly hopes to find
more understanding and re-
sponse than he found with
former President Eisenhower.
Between two old generals, a
state visit could be passed in
nostalgia Renaissance Of
shared experiences. Mr.. Ken
nedy. On the other hand,
represents the future, not
only for the United States
but for France as well. And
old familier cliches about
Franco-American solidarity
will hardly suffice.
For some time it has
seemed to Gen. de Gaulle
that American policy in Eur
ope and throughout the
world has been founded on
false assumptions. The basis
for policy which was valid
enough a decade ago no
longer applies today. Re-
Gently the French have been
insisting more and more
loudly that the time has
come to face up to realities
as they now exist.
First of these realities Is
the permanent loss of Amer
ican nuclear supremacy.
Everyone, of course, accepts
the fact that today both
Russia and the United States
have the capacity to destroy
each other and probably the
rest of the world as well.
But not everyone, it seems
to the French, accepts the
full implications when it
comes to reliance that can
still be placed on the Ameri-
can nuclear deterrent to pre-
vent war or to defend such
vital areas as Western Eu-
rope. For his part, Gen.
de Gaulle's thinking is con-
ditioned by this fact when it
comes to such matters as
NATO and Importance of de-
veloping an independent
French nuclear deterrent.
French Revival
The second major reality
for Gen. de Gaulle is the
revival of France as a major
world power in its own
right and with its own spe-
cial role to play in world af-
fairs. So far as he is con-
cerned, the preponderant
place which America has
held in Europe in the eco
nomic, political and military
fields since the end of the
war is no longer justified.
In the drawing together Of
countries of Western Europe
through such institutions as
the Common Market. he sees
the beginnings of an i'm
posing confederation" Of
tremendous potential power
in which France, of course.
will play the predominant
part.
If these two propositions
are understood and accepted
as the basis for the coming
talks between Mr.. Kennedy
and Gen. de Gaulle, a great
deal of good may be done
and much past misunder-
standing cleared away. If
they are not, the conversa-
tions will be something Of
an ordeal in which there will
be little point in taking up
up many specific questions
that remain to be solved. AS
for the French, if the visit re-
suits in the beginning of a
serious discussion of these
problems they will be more