davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-11-24
Total Need and Relief

The advisory committee to the Dis
trict Commissioners on public welfare
deserves sympathetic commentator for
its efforts to analyze the effects of the
recent cutbackS in welfare payments to
large families. AS we read its report,
however, there is little to justify a con-
cluSion that the limited reductions made
this month will severely increase hard
ship, or will remove needed food from
the mouths of hungry children.
In essence, the committee deter
mined for each of 20 public assistance
families, selected at random, total
budget which in the judgment of the
committee reflected reasonable monthly
financial needs 1t then listed the actual
financial resources of each family, and
found that the resources, on the aver
age, amounted to only SO per cent of
the need" it had specified. On this
basis, the committee said, I'VE would
certainly conclude that to cut welfare
payments below the present grants
would work hardship on these children"
Now it is quite true, of course, that
II the total budgets" as set down by
the committee were geared to minimum
standards for subsistence, any reduction
below that amount would surely create
hardship. But the needs" determined
by the committee were not in that cate
CORY. On the contrary, they specifically
were geared above the subsistence level,
and included a number of items of
expenditure which are not covered by
Welfare Department officials in their
determination of minimum family needs.
Nor do the resources" against which
the needs" were compared in the COM
mittee study include surplus food allot-
mentS which are available to each of
these familieS-allotmentS which for the
largest families have a cash equivalent
of up to $50 a month.
This is not to say that the families
in question possess adequate or desirable
financial resources by any standards
Indeed, it is we'll known that this is
not so, and that in addition to welfare
recipients there are thousands of other
Washington families who receive no
public relief and whose incomes fall
below even the rigid minimum standards
established by the Welfare Department.
The advisory committee asserted
affirmatively that efforts must be made
to reduce the cost of public assistance,
and expressed the belief that these
efforts should be directed toward the
rehabilitation of welfare recipients, so
that these families will require less
public aid. Surely this is a goal worth
striving for, and any such program, if
it can be achieved realistically, will war
rant the wholehearted support of the
entire community. If the system of pub
lie relief has the effect of making it
more desirable to get on and to remain
on the relief rolls than to get off and
stay off, we are creating more sinister
social problems than those we are seek
ing to solve.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-11-24
Nehru's New Look

Two utterances made by
Prime Minister Nehru during
his American sojourn
seemed especially note
worthy. The first was his
admission that the neutral
nations, during their meet
ing at Belgrade, were not
sufficiently critical of the
Soviet Unions decision to
resume nuclear experimental
ton. The other was the criti-
cism leveled at the Kremlin
for its treatment of Hungary.
For years midas respected
leader appeared to be utterly
oblivious to the great wrongs
Khrushchev was perpetrat-
ing. The belated realization
that even colonialism wasn't
as bad as Soviet treatment
of its satellites leads one to
question the reasons that
may-have led to our visitors
indictment of Moscow poll
cies.
Did the recent Soviet Con-
greSs have any relationship
to Nehru's tardy awaken
ing? The rift between Rus
STA and China may well be
a prime factor in this STU
alton. After all, it is clear
ly more expedient to side
with Chou En-lai, Nehru's
next door neighbor, than
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-11-24
Como Policy

I write to express my ap-
probation of your editorial,
Congo Policy" Like you. I
have been unable to under
stand the Shenanigans in the
Congo. I have read moth
ing that could stand as evil
0ence Of any personal respon-
sibility on the part of Noise
Tshombe for the death of
Patrick Lumuba. Tshombe
seems to be just about the
best balanced leader in those
parts; and his province, if
that is the correct name for
Katanga, seems to be the
most advanced and the most
stable. I have been bewild-
cred by the position of such
people as Dag HammarSkjold,
surely as great as any leader
on the scene. I have Won
dered whether there we're
vital political factors off the
scene, unknown to me, or
whether this was just an
other instance of the way
that we in the civilization of
the West were being forced
to do an Oriental kowtow to
vulgar political preSsureS.
After all, the U. N. General
Assembly has in it, now,
n tionS with as small a
population as a mere half
million, fewer than the pop
ulation of the District-but
perhaps more mature?
John Lee Coulter,
Assistant Professor, Uni
versity of Maryland.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-11-24
'Locked-in' CAPITAL

Perhaps no subject has been studied
more often or in so many quarters as
that of Federal tax reform. It is almost
yearly preoccupation on Capitol Hill,
a cause bearing Endorsement in political
platforms and in the executive branch
of government, recommended urgently
and repeatedly by spokesman for bust
ness and finance and by economists of
wide variety. Even the man in the street
thinks something should be done, though
he is not too precise as to exactly what.
Many of the proposals, of course, are
contradictory and many likewise are
potentially self-Serving.
If there is starting point toward
action, however, it must be in the House
Ways and Means Committee where the
basic Jurisdiction for writing revenue
legislation rests. The committee made
one of its many starts during the first
session of the present Congress, but set
the subject aside as adjournment date
drew near. 1t may or may not make
new effort next winter, but the approach
of congressional elections in the fall of
1862 carries the usual implications of
concern over political reactions toward
any drastic revision in tax treatments.
For the overall record of opinions
and findings of non-governmental sur
veys, the New York Stock Exchange
recently has produced an informative
study Of the impact of the present
capital gains tax on availability of
funds for reinveStment. The study in
this instance was made by an independ-
ent research firm, with the objective Of
attempting to estimate how much
potential investment capital is being
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-11-24
Picketinq Students

If the Grinnell College stu
dents who picketed the White
House, and others who have
followed their example, sin
cerely desire to enhance the
prospects for world peace, I
suggest they might better
spend their time in their
claSSrooms preparing for
their responsibilities as adult
citizens.
In the first place, picketing
or any other type of dra-
mates is scarcely necessary
to draw the attention of the
American public to the seri-
GUS threat to peace that
exists in these times, nor are
such demonstrations neces-
sary to arouse the average
American to the desirability
of worldwide disarmament.
Secondly, it is not at the
White House that RESPONSE
bility can be placed for the
recent resumption of nuclear
testing. Our Government has
strictly observed for more
than three years a morator-
ium on testing. More than
that, we have consistently
advocated nuclear disarma-
ment with adequate inspec-
ton and control.
If these students have be-
come bored with their class
rooms it would be far better
to alleviate their boredom by
eating goldfish or crowding
phone booths. If indeed, how
ever, they would picket some
where against those who are
responsible for the reSump-
ton of nuclear testing. then
I suggest that they march
across Lafayette Park and
several blocks north on Six
tenth street to the Russian
Embassy.
Lyle X. Mercer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-11-24
CORES Position

In your editorial OF No
vember 6, you question the
wisdom of the propose
Freedom Ride" on U. S.
Highway 40. The Baltimore
Sun of November 10 quotes
Tony Konstant, chairman
land himself a restaurant
owner) of the Maryland res
taurant owners committee
studying the problem Of seq
regation on U. S. 40:
IF I had it to do all over
again. I would have quietly
desegregated and that would
have been that. It is the
only sensible thing to do. I
am not bitter about CORES
role in this thing. Let's face
it, we never would have done
it if they had not applied
pressure. They were fighting
for a principle"
1 think Mr.. Konstant ex-
presses CORES position bet
ter than we can.
Marvin Rich,
Community Relations Di-
rector. Congress of Racial
Equality.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-11-24
Qualification

Unfortunately, incorrect
reports in the newspapers
have misled many people as
to what happened and what
my position is with respect
to religious celebrations at
the Fairgrounds"
Cd My four year old
daughter is a regular student
at a public nursery school in
the District.
90 l have been having
amicable discussions with
the Recreation Department
about religious observances
Including daily prayers and
celebration Of Christian holi-
days. at my daughters nurs-
cry school. Recreation De-
partment officials have ex-
pressed to me their own con-
Germ with the same problem.
80 In our discussions, I
stressed several times that
I particularly wanted to
avoid both publicity and lit
igation. However, a miSlead-
ing story was released to the
newspapers without my
knowledge when I was out of
town. 1 did not (as was re-
ported issue an ultimatum
to the Department of Rec
reation regarding Christmas
celebrations at D. c. play
grounds. In fact, prior to
reading the newspaper re-
ports that I had issued an
ultimatum, l was unaware
that such celebrations are
held.
a. 1t seems grossly I'M
fair to suggest, as one par
ent did when the issue first
arose, that if 1 have reli-
gious objections to Christian
celebrations at my daughters
school, l should keep her at
home and deprive her of her
class party. This even falls
short of the rejected doctrine
of separate but-equal facili-
ties.
90 AT a parents meeting
last spring, it was agreed
that a spring party would
serve just as well as an
Easter party. The spring par
ty, with no Easter content,
was a complete success.
90 At the same meeting,
a Catholic mother objected
to the daily prayer recitals
because her son, who had
been taught to bless himself
after prayers, had stopped
doing so after observing that
none of the other children
followed this practice. Iron
ically, the attempt to intro
duce religion into the school
thereby interfered with this
child'S religious training.
Cd Religious obServances
are entirely appropriate in
homes, churches, synagogues,
and parochial schools, but
are constitutionally and NOR
ally out of place in public
schools. Apparently I have
a great deal more faith in
the vitality and Importance
of American churches, syna-
gogues, and families h an
those who would have the
Government intrude itself
into this most personal of
areas.
Monroe HI. Freedman.
Editors Note: The Star
is sure that Mr.. Freedman's
own amplification of his
views will be read with in
terest. We are unaware,
however, of any misleading
reports of his position in so
far as The Star is con-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-11-24
WATCHING THE WORLD
By CROSBY S. MOVES
Are Test-Bon Talks q Trap?
Foreign Correspondent Of The stor

cept the invitation. Theirsin-
tention. according to reports
from Washington. was to
put the psychological bur-
den" on the Soviet Union.
If so, the tables have now
been neatly turned. In ac-
cepting the invitation to re-
turn to Geneva next Tuesday
the Russians have by imph-
cation at least called for a
new moratorium on nuclear
tests. 1T goes without say
ing" the note declared. that
if during the talks any power
starts to test nuclear weap-
onS then the other side
would be compelled to draw
appropriate conclusions also
with regard to nuclear tests"
In view of the recent series
of Russian nuclear explosions
this demand may be de-
nounced as brazen effrontery
to be rejected out Of hand,
This does not change the fact
that it was a perfectly obvi-
GUS move for the Russians to
make and one which under
the circumstances will most
certainly shift the psychic
logical burden" right back
onto the allies.
West Inconsistent
There is indeed a basic in
consistency in the Western
position in regard to the
coming talks. 1t is hard to
argue that nuclear tests may
now be absolutely vital to
Western security and at the
same time pretend to be sin
cerely anxious to reach agree
ment which would outlaw all
such tests.
The justification for new
tests is simply that the Rus
slams, in their latest series of
explosions, may have achieved
such progress as to enable
them to upset the balance of
power between East and
West. If this is so, the surest
way for the Russians to con-
Solidate their gain is to
quickly sign the nearly COM
pleted draft treaty waiting
for them in Geneva. And un-
til 1t is known whether this
is so or not. the United
States will be IN nc position
to sign an agreement Of any
sort.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-11-24

OIulIldIlly L WOulQ QlSIIllSS
as a typical Republican reac-
ton your editorial reply to
my views of the Virginia cleo
tions. I suggest that your
editorial writer take a course
in American Government.
Leaving aside his distortion
of my views, your editorial
ist applauds the two party
system (as do on one hand,
and then proceeds to con-
denim the way the two party
system works in these United
States.
Is he so naive as not +,
know that the minority party
has no influence whatever
in determining governmental
policy, other than a vote?
That committee assignments
reflect the minority status,
which is generally to the most
unimportant commi t t e e S?
That no appointments. local
or State, are made through
them, and that their opinions
in this regard are ignored?
That their legislation is us
ually subordinated to legisla-
ton of the majority? That
in Republican legislatures of
other States, the system
works exactly the same way
as it works in Virginia's Dem
ocratic legislature2
Finally, your editorial
writer crowns his absurdity
by suggesting that the people
of Fairfax should be so out
ragged" that I advocate cleo
ting a Democrat, they should
go forth next time and vote
Republican, which would
completely eliminate Fair
fax's voice as an effective
factor in the General Assem-
bly,.
Outside of being good Re
publican advice, it reminds
me of the reaction of a child
who bangs his toe on a rock,
and then in his rage breaks
the other one by kicking the
stone for what it did to him.
Your editorialist'S brilliant
advice is only exceeded by
his ignorance of party gov
eminent in America.
Harrison Mann,
Arlington Member, Virginia
House of Delegates.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-11-24

@. What philosopher said
that we are baptized into
our opinions? *. A.
A. Joseph Glanvill 1886
1890, English philosopher.
A passage in his book THE
Vanity of Dogmatizing, or
Confidence in Opinions S."
published in 1861, reads;
e.. we are baptized into
our opinions by our juvenile
nature, and our growing
years confirm those unexam-
ined principles"
@. What legal procedure
is necessary in organizing a
new political party? B. T.
A. This depends upon the
State in which the party
is to be formed, since the
States set the legal require
ments with which a party
must comply before it can
operate in elections. Usually,
a petition bearing a speci-
fled number of signatures and
asking for legal recognition
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-11-24

@. How can minor scratches
on furniture be covered up
r. G.
A. If the scratches are not
deep, rub over them a mix
ture of boiled linseed oil, tur-
pentine, and white vinegar
combined in equal proper
tions. or try one of the special
commercial products made
for the purpose Of concealing
scratches. On mahogany or
walnut furniture. minor
scratches can be made almost
invisible by applying tincture
of iodine. letting it dry, and
then polishing with regular
furniture polish.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-11-24

The United States Naval
Research Laboratory now can
production a few millionths
of a second-an environment
like that inside the sun in its
new. high-powered multi
million degree plasma physics
laboratory.
PlaSma, the so-called fourth
state of matter. is a gas in a
highly excited state. Such
plasmas are generated and
maintained by some source
of mechanical, thermal or
electrical power. 1t is COM
monty found in stars, light
ming bolts, and meteor trails.
A plaSma often can be recog-
niZed by it's radiant energy
which it emitS in the form of
visible light.
At the Navy laboratory a
group under the leadership of
DR.. Alan Kolb has been work.
ing on high temperature
plasma physics for several
years. The objective of the
work not only is to create
high temperature plasmas
but to keep them stable for
an appreciate time. The
present objective is about
so million degrees for a few
hundreds of thousandths of
a second.
Process Described
With the relatively small
energies available with past
laboratory techniques, plas-
mas of deuterium, or double
weight hydrogen, have been
heated to about 80 million
degrees and maintained from
4 to 6 microseconds before
breaking down. Deuterium,
the gas used in most of the
experiments, is obtained from
heavy water. To get the gas
into a plaSma state it must
be heated to an extremely
high temperature. This is
accomplished by squeezing it
in an intensely strong mag
netic field.
For a few, microSeconds,"
says the report, "the deliv-
cred power is greater than
the combined kilowatt rating
OF all the electric power sta
tons in the United States.
THE ultimate goal is con-
troll of thermonuclear fusion.
Theoretically this occurs if
deuterium is heated until the
nucleus of each atom is sep
arated from the electrorD that
normally orbits around it.
Then the nuclei will collide
with sufficient force to fuze
together. When this happens
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-11-24
PARIS

Ehfb4C.
There are good reasons for
the reserved welcome" in
Washington and London to
Russia's acceptance Of a re-
sumption of nuclear test ban
negotiations at Geneva next
week.
If the Russian move, as is
generally supposed, turns out
to be a trap, the uncom-
Portable truth is that the
allies can blame only them
selves for falling into it. The
trap in fact was largely of
their own making. 1t was
they who originally proposed
new negotiations on the
bland assumption that Russia
would refuse. Their ill-con-
cealed embarrassment at the
unexpected Russian accept
ance amounts to recognition
Of what may turn out to be
a major diplomatic blunder.
It was President Kennedy
himself who opened the door
in his statement on Novem-
Der 2 explaining the decision
to prepare for nuclear tests
in the atmosphere.
Too Ready?
I'VE will continue to be
ready" he said, Ito sign the
nuclear test treaty which pro-
vides for adequate inspection
and control. The facts neces-
sary for such a treaty are all
evident-the arguments on
both sides have been made
the draft is on the table
and our negotiators are ready
to meet"
There was, it seems, a GER
tain element of propaganda
in this statement and in the
Joint British-American notC
which followed on November
Is inviting the Russians bach
to the conference table. Tht
note drew attention to the
resolution of the U. N. Gen.
eral Assembly calling for re-
newed negotiations. At tn,
same time the U. S.. served
notice that until an agree.
ment was reached on a teS
ban it would pursue its owl
program of carefully circum
Scribed testing"
Government officials wen
out of their way to express
doubt that Russia would &C.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-11-24

must be submitted to the Sec
rotary of State. If a party is
Established and wishes to
continue, it must have re-
ceived at least a certain small
percentage Of the total State
vote in the preceding general
election.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-11-24
Liked Libby Series

Thank you very much for
printing the fallout shelter
series by DR.. Libby. With all
the confusion about civil de-
Tense, these articles are of
great help to the individual
in deciding what to do, or
not to do. Margaret Stanton.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-11-24

with the Kremlin's anti
StalinistS now that Commu-
mist China is no longer pre-
tending to be sympathetic to
Khrushchev and his close fol-
lowers.
Thomas G. MOrRanSen.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-11-24
OK, Boys, Let's All Take the PIedeeT
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used IL
letters carry tOrtters' correct
names and addresses. All let
terS are Sub1ect to cOndensd-
ton. Those not used tDtu De
returned only tDhen accom-
panied By self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-11-24
Questions and Answers

By THE HASKIN SERVICE
reader get mail.
writing Star Information
D. Please tnose Sefaddd
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-11-24
Educdtes Us

Thomas G. MOrgansen,
Arizona tribune., 1961-03-24
HELP
CRIPPLED
CHILDREN
BUY
SEALS.
HAVE REFUNDS, WILL
SEND QUICKLY

WASHINGTON--T The In
ternal Revenue Service reported
today that it has mailed $l.3 bill
lion in income tax refunds to
ll.9 million taxpayers since the
beginning of the year.
President Kennedy has direc-
ted the service to make refunds
as promptly as possible to get
more cash into circulation and
thereby stimulate business.
The service said the figures
it released today covered refunds
through Monday. A year earlier,
the service said, it had sent only
81 billion of refunds to 9.4 mil
lion taxpayers.
Holmes County herald., 1961-10-12

The Bermuda grass grew fast
and soon completely covered
the dam and spillway.
Mr.. Lehman solved his pro-
Diem, as others have done. BY
planting rye grass to protect
the dam during the winter
months. Usually it is easy to
get a good cover of Bermuda
Bahia, or Fescue during the
warm months. The dam
should have not less nan 600
pounds of 6-8-8 fertilizer, or
the equivalent, and either 7
pounds of Bermuda grass
seed, 35 pounds of Bahia grass
seed, or 80 pounds of fescue
seed per acre Thirty pounds
OF available nitrogen should
be applied per acre after the
grass has begun to grow. Ber-
muda sprlgs or Sod may also
oe used, with fertilizer at the
same rate as with seed. I'm
DER all circumstances, use
ough fertilizer on a good seed
oughfertilizer ton a good seed
Ded, preferably as soon as the
construction work is finished
Holmes County herald., 1961-10-12

urday night from Ft Bragg,
N. c. He will go to Fort Ben
ming, Georgia for 6 weeks and
then he and his family will re-
turn to Fort Bragg.
Mr.. and Mrs. E. H. Black
well and Madelyn with Mrs.
Abbott Moore of jackson
came by and picked up Mrs.
Madelyn Doty for a visit with
Mr.. and Mrs. Claude DuBard
in Philadelphia Sunday.
Mr. and Mrs. William Eli
son of Heidelberg visited Mr..
and Mrs. John Dickerson re-
Gently.
Mr.. and Mrs. James Morph-
is of Prentiss were weekend
visitors of their parents Mr..
and Mrs. P. l.. Montgomery.
Mr.. and Mrs. j o. Mature
of Collins visited his sister.
Mrs. E. H. Wright Saturday.
Mr.. and Mrs. William Cook
were business visitors in
jackson Wednesday.
Miss Hardye Davis of
MSCW spent the weekend at
home.
Mrs. D. j McHugh of Nor
gan City, La. is visiting her
sister, Miss Maud Jones this
week.
Mrs. Pearl Ratliff of Jack
son spent the weekend with
Mrs. T. P. Montgomery and
relatives.
Mr.. and Mrs. H. w. Hollo-