davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-05-18

derground in Cuba go through
their channels.
/ Mr.. Sanchez Arrange has since
joined another exile group.
Difficulties With Underground
1t is now clear that the
Americans had difficulties in
dealing with underground
groups in Cuba. There had been
a gradual breakdown in actual
and theological contact be-
tween these groups and the
exiles in this country. Some of
the political ideas of the un-
derground leaders, while mild
in the context of what Castro
was doing to turn Cuba into a
Communist stronghold, seemed
dangerously radical" to many
of the exiles here.
The underground groups were
basically opposed to Mr.. Castro's
Communist connections. not to
his radical reforms. 1t was
after he imprisoned Mai. HUI
bert Matos - one of his most
popular SubordinateS-in Octo-
ber, 1859. for anti-communism.
that several members of his
government turned against him
and went underground.
Castro DefectOrs Unite
Manuel Ray. who had been
Minister of Public Works and
earlier the head of Mr.. Castro's
civil resistance" against Full
gencio Batistas government,
was one Of those who went un-
derground, forming the Peo-
Piles Revolutionary Movement
(MRP) with other detecting
leaders of the Castro "26th of
July" movement.
The MRP was convinced that
subversion and sabotage, di-
rected from inside Cuba, were
the key to the overthrow of
Castro. What they wanted from
the United States was military
materiel - not money, men or
exile organizations.
Mr.. Ray and several of his
top assistants came to the
United States last November to
seek such help. They say they
were met with suspicion by the
American agents and received
many promises but little actual
aid.
They insist the reason for
the GOODNESS was political. They
feel they were too closely iden-
titled with the radical economic
and social reforms Mr.. Castro in
stituted during his first months
in Office. There were conserva-
tive exiles in Florida who
charged that Mr.. Ray offered
"Fidelismo without Fidel."
Throughout the Cuban ver-
sion of the pre-invasion story,
there runs a theme: That the
American agents they worked
with we're trained specialists
in undercover activities but
had little or no knowledge of
the politics and geography of
Cuba.
They say that while Ameri-
cans were busily training exile
units in Guatemala they were
persistently refusing to send
large scale aid to the guerilla
fighters in the Escambray
mountains. The Americans,
the Cubans assert, seemed to
have been afraid that the
whole Escambray operation
was a Castro hoax. When they
did sponsor several last-minute
parachute drops, the equip
ment fell into the hands of
Castro troops.
1t is also asserted that when
'Sino Diaz, a former Castro of
ficer, was dropped into the
Sierra Maestro mountains in
November to work with the
guerillas, his kit contained
equipment not designed for
the mission or the terrain.
The Cuban leaders criticize
the fact that Mr.. Bender did
mot speak Spanish. He spoke
Evening star., 1961-05-18

phere now exists to get this
DONE" he said.
In his testimony, Mr.. Gasch
repeated statements he has
made previously about law-en-
forcement problems in the
District.
He strongly urged legisla-
ton to increase the size of the
police force. He said this would
be the most effective and ef-
ficient step" the committee
could take in helping reduce
crime.
Backs Davis Bills
He said he basically favored
two bills before the committee,
both introduced by Chairman
Davis. Mr.. Davis was not at
today's hearing.
One would make any con-
fession admissible as long as
it was voluntarily given. coun-
tering the effects of the
Supreme Courts so-called NAL
lory ruling, which made con-
feSsions inadmissible as evi-
dence if there was an unneces-
sary delay between arrest and
arraignment.
The other bill is aimed at
Tightening up insanity defenses
in criminal cases which have
been on the increase since the
Durham ruling here, which
broadened the definition of
criminal insanity.
Mr.. Gasch also strongly
supported the Abernethy bill
which would abolish the man
datory death sentence in first
degree murder convictions.
He said juries have brought
back Second-degree and man
slaughter convictions just so
the defendant would not have
to be put to death. Appellate
courts have a tendency to ex-
anime with much greater care
cases where a death sentence
is involved than they do in
other cases, Mr.. GaSch said.
The District is the only iuris-
diction in the country where
the death sentence is manda-
tory.
He cited the recent Supreme
Court decision in the Willie Lee
Stewart case as an example of
this care. The court sent the
case for a fourth trial as re-
suit of one question asked by
a prosecuting attorney.
HOltzOff Asks Qualification
An earlier witness, District
Court Judge Alexander Holtzoff,
called for a Qualification of the
Durham rule.
Judge Holtzoff said the chief
difficulty with the Durham rule
is that it is not practical" He
indicated the rule would be
workable only if juries were
composed of philosophers or
scholars"
Asking for a new definition
OF mental disease, the judge
suggested language closely re-
sembllng that contained in a
bill introduced by Representa-
tive Davis.
Mr.. Davis. absent from to-
days hearing, has introduced
similar legislation previously.
Judge Holtzoff explained that
the Durham rule forces the
Government to carry the bur-
den of proving a person is not
insane. He, said it is essential
to shift this burden to the
defense.
Judge Holtzoff also was crit
ical Of the Mallory rule on con-
feSsions, which he said can be
Evening star., 1961-05-18
CUBA
Mystery Man Bender
Aided but |rked ExiIes
CUBA
Continued From First Page

Continued From First Page
Cubans admit they have no
proof they we're.
But during months of close
association, they say, the Amer
leans sroke and acted with such
authority that none of the
Cuban principals doubt they
were intelligence agenCs with
official status.
No official American COM
ment has confirmed the iden-
tity of Mr.. Bender and his
aides. High officials have ad-
mitted in background brief
ings," however, that the CIA
was involved in the early stages
of the revolutionary movement.
Reporters attended these Lrief-
ings with the understanding
that their sources of informa-
tion were not to be revealed.
From the beginning the alll-
ance between the Cubans and
Mr.. Bender and his people was
an uneasy one.
On the Cuban side, rival fac
tions jockeyed for favored
treatment in the way of money
and arms. At the same time
they sented d the way the
Americans moved in to settle
their factional disputes. Lead
erS say they were never quite
sure of overall Am eric a n
strategy, mainly because the
Americans seemed to separate
political and military operations
among the exiles. They feared
control of their affairs was
slipping out of their hands.
On the other side. the Amer
leans seem to have been
plagued by a dilemma: How to
weld the exiles into a strong,
unified anti-Castro movement
which would gain maximum
support and yet be politically
reliable from the American
point of view.
- Mr.. Bender quickly began to
take an active interest in
Frente affairs, the Cubans re-
late. And in late September,
after an unsuccessful attempt
to de-AmericaniZe the move
ment by setting up headquar-
ters in Mexico City, he and
two colleagues met near Miami
with the directors of the five
groups which made up the
Frente. The purpose: To name
a president or "co-ordinator"
for the Frente. Up to that time
each director had an equal
voice in a collective leadership.
Wanted C0-ordinator
CubanS who participated in
that meeting say the Ameri-
can agents argued that the COL
lective arrangement was lead
ing to anarchy. They urged a
co-ordinator who could work
with the Americans in a deci-
sive way. One participant said
that under the new arrange
ment, the directors were to
meet once or twice a month to
frame general policy"
At a September 81 meeting,
the Frente directors agreed to
the idea and named Manuel
Antonio de Varona, a former
political leader in Cuba and
one of the Frente directors, as
co-ordinator.
The choice was clearly not
unanimous. Immediately after
the Varona selection Aureliano
Sanchez Arrange, leader of the
Triple A" party in Cuba. re-
signed as a Frente director.
In a confidential memoran-
dunn" explaining his decision,
Mr.. Sanchez Arrange charged
"our allies" with manipulating
the exile movement for their
own ends. American agents, he
said, were establishing a cor
rupt bureaucracy in exile" He
charged the agents had set up
their own radio station on
Swan Island in the Caribbean
and were insisting that all
communications with the un-
=.
Evening star., 1961-05-18
Outlook Brightens

Members Of the Ray MRP
movement say their fortunes
seemed to rise rapidly after the
end Of January. They feel they
gained indirect support from
three key Washington advisers
on Latin America - Adolf
Berle, head Of the new Presi-
dents task force on Latin
America; Arthur SchleSinger
a White House assistant, and
Phillip Bonsal. who had beer
in contact with Manuel Ray
and other former Castro leaders
when he was American Ambas-
sador in Havana in l959-60.
All three of these policy
advisers believed strongly that
Fidel Castro headed and later
betrayed a genuine social and
economic revolution. This
position lends itself to tn e
view that Manuel Ray and
radical" opposition within
Cuba offered more hope for
popular Cuban support against
Fidel Castro than did conserva-
tive exile forces organized
trained and financed from the
outside.
. Cuban leaders feel this SEN
timent led to a concentrated
CIA effort to wed the MRF
and the Frente into a common
political organization.
The first American move in
that direction seems to have
come around February "a dur
ing an informal gathering be-
tween Mr.. Ray of the MRP and
Mr.. Varona of the Frente and
their associates in Washington.
Mr.. Bender attended and, the
Cubans say, presented a list of
26 names to each group sep
arately, suggesting that they
pick a council of 10 to repre-
sent them.
This the CubanS refused to
do. They say they resented this
attempt to restrict their choice
of leaders. They assert that at
least 10 of the men on the
Bender list were former Cuban
millionaires, including Julio
Lobo-a one-time sugar czar.
Nevertheless, the negotiations
continued. Meetings between
three leaders of the Frente and
three from the MRP took place
behind closed doors at the Com
modore Hotel in New York from
February % to March 3. No
Americans were present.
After four days of nearly con-
tinuous exchanges, the repre-
sentatives agreed on the gen.
eral outlines and program of
a common revolutionary coun-
Gil. But they still could not
agree on a military program.
The Americans appear to
have come back into the pic
ture about March 19-this time
in Miami. A "Mr. Carr"-pre-
viously unknown, at least to
MRP leaders-summoned the
two groups to a night meeting
at the Congress Inn Motel near
the airport.
Participants say Mr.. Carr was
extremely polite and quite dip
lomatic. To the MRP this new
approach and the disappear
ance of the irritating Mr..
Bender seemed to signal a new
American approach. Mr.. Carr
asked only that the two groups
Evening star., 1961-05-18
WORRIED PILOT
THINKS HE HAD
A CLOSE SHAVE

PARIS (AP).-A pilot at
Orly Airfield rushed to in
form police last night when
he heard a strange buzzing
coming from the washroom
of a plane he was about to
fly to Africa.
The pilot feared some
one had planted a time
bomb. Police cautiously
opened the Washroom door
and found an electric
razor that someone had left
plugged in.
Evening star., 1961-05-18
HOUSING
Continued From First Page

continued From First Page
be put through both houses as
a separate veterans bill.
The most important change
the Banking Committee made
in the housing bill as it came
from a subcommittee was to add
$l00 million proposed by Sena-
tor Harrison A. Williams, jr.,
Democrat of New Jersey. for
loans to cities to purchase new
equipment for their mass trans
portation systems. Senator
Williams also succeeded in hav-
ing $50 million of the urban
renewal fund earmarked for
pilot projects to encourage i'm
provement Of mass transporta-
ton.
Capehart Objects
The vote on the big housing
bill was 10 to S. and Senator
Capehart of Indiana, the rank
ing Republican on the commit
tee, announced he will lead a
floor fight to eliminate the new
Kennedy features. He warned
that the adoption of these new
programs may be the begin
ming Of the downfall of FHA." "
The Capehart criticism was
aimed at the following propos-
ais of the President:
Government purchase of 40
year mortgages with no down
payment to encourage home
building by moderate Income
families.
Expansion of the home i'm
Iprovement program to cover
loans of up to $4,000 for 25
years. Present law limits
home-improvement loans to
$500 for five years.
The inclusion of $l00 mil
lion to help cities buy vacant
land to protect orderly future
growth. This was not in the
Presidents original bill, but
was indorsed by the admins
tration.
5 Against Measure
The five Senators who voted
against reporting the bill were
I-Capehart. Bennett of Utah
and Beall of Maryland, Repub-
licans, and Robertson of Vir-
ginia and Blakley of Texas,
Democrats.
The ten voting for the bill
were Senators Sparkman of
Alabama. Douglas of Illinois,
Clark of Pennsylvania, Prox-
mire of Wisconsin, Williams of
New Jersey. Muskie of Maine,
Edward V. Long of Missouri,
Neuberger Of Oregon, all Dem
ocrats. and Bush of Connecti-
cut and Javits of New York,
Republicans.
Kodiak mirror., 1961-06-02
KODIAK MIRROR

Immunization against polio con- sists of series of three inocula- lions. The second dose is given four to six weeks after the first and the third, seven to 12 months later. A booster dose" is recommended about year after the completion of the series.
 A single vaccination against small pox is usually given at five or six months of age or any time during baby's first year. It is rec commended that this vaccination be repeated every three to five years throughout life.
 Tn some areas where the prob ability of exposure exists, doctors may ec pm m e n d inoculations against typhoid and para-typhoid every one or two years.
 Some four million babies are born in this country every year. It is protection via immunization against the communicable diseases of babyhood that has dramatically lowered the infant death rate and increased mans lifespan.
Kodiak mirror., 1961-06-02
Conference At Christian Center

A 24-hour day of continual prayer proceeded the missionary conference of the Alaska Gospel Association of the Slavic Gospel Association of Chicago, Illinois, which began Wednesday evening at the Kodiak Christian Center, ac- cording to Rev Eugene A. Slater.
 Missionaries of the Association came from mission stations which stretch from Palmer, Southwest to King Cove, Alaska.
 Rev. Peter Deyneka, Sr., world traveller, and director of the mis- sion, and Rev Andrew Semenchuk, director of the Associations Rus sian Bible Institute in Buenos Aires, Argentina, are the speakers at the evening services being held nightly at the Center. This evening, Rev. Semenchuk will speak and show pictures on Argentina, and Saturday evening Rev. Deyneka, who has just returned from Eur ope, will show pictures taken dur ing his travels.
 Sunday will conclude the con- ference with three services. Along with the regular Il a. m. and 7:30 D. m. services there will be a 3 D. m. service in which Rev. Dey- neka will report on conditions in Europe today.
Kodiak mirror., 1961-06-02
JohnsOn-Abston Wedding May IA

Mrs. Virginia Johnson and MT. Gary Abston were married Sunday, May IA, in a ceremony performed by Deputy Magistrate Mabel Fen ner at the VFW hall.
 The bride is the daughter of Mrs. Annie Johnson. She wore white lace short-length dress, and carried bouquet of red roses.
 The groom is the son of Mrs. Dan Steadman.
Kodiak mirror., 1961-06-02
ALL ABOUT BABIES
4 Public Service of he National Baby Care Council SHOTS FOR BABY"
 By William Kitay National Association of
Science Writers

Science Writers
 Editor, All About Babies
 Babies usually are born with an immunity to number of commun- icable diseases. They obtain this immunity from their mothers.
 The inborn immunity, however, is good for only about the first six months of life. After this, baby must develop his own immunity.
 Immunity is a natural defense of the body against disease. It IS made possible by supply of pro- tective substances known as anti bodies.
 The presence of antibodies, and thus immunity, is brought about in three different ways. First, in a natural way during the disease itself. Second, by immunization, a method by which the body is stim- ulated to build the desired anti bodies. Third, by the injection of of antibodies against a specific disease.
 When it comes to the communi- cable diseases of babyhood, the first method is least desirable. The third, the use of antiserum, is but a temporary method when qiuck protection is needed and then, only in certain diseases.
 The second method is the most useful in protecting baby against the more common communicable diseases of baby hood. To provide this protection, doctors observe an immunization timetable.
 Baby's first immunizations are against diptheria, tetanus and whooping cough. These usually be- gin when the child is one to two months of age. Three or four monthly inoculations are given. Booster shots" are usually given a year or so later Many doctors feel booster shots" for whoop- ing cough are unnecessary after the age of five, but that anti-teta- nus boosters" are advisable at three to 10-year intervals.
 A relatively new entry on the immunization timetable are the inoculations against polio. Many doctors recommend that polio shots" be started at just about the time baby is receiving his first in- oculations.
Kodiak mirror., 1961-06-02

mud is like chewing gum" it was said.
 Newest play on the Presidents initials JFK: Jobs For Kinfolks." ,"
 
 'The United States has g mil lion dogs and 40ee suffer from hali- tosis, says a recent scientific sur vey. I don't question the survey; I'm just glad I didn't have to make it." James H. Russell, Bolton (Tex) Journal.
Kodiak mirror., 1961-06-02

Five Coast Guard men, Cmdr. C. A. Richmond, Jr., It. William Claiborne, It. Paul Breed, It. George Seaman and It. R. E. Gard ner, were cited by Samuel J. Hutch inson, Bureau of Commercial Fish cries, Regional Director.
 The five men took part in the rescue evacuation on April 12 at St. George Island of Alvin Lesten- kof, his wife and daughter, who were victims of disastrous fire. A helicopter had to be dismantled, flown to nearby St. Paul, and re assembled and after picking up the victims, flying them back to St. Paul, where they were taken aboard a C-123 and flown to Anch- orage.
 Hutchinson said it was "an ex- ceptional operation" It gives all of us a greater feeling of security to know that such ready source of assistance is at hand"
 Fines of $50. with S25 suspended, were assessed twelve residents of the Gastineau Channel area in Ju- neau, when they were cited for fishing without a valid sport fish ing license.
 The stiff fines was an indication that fishing and hunting violations will meet with increased severity. Formerly, the fine was usually a flat S5.
 Despite the expiration date which is printed on every license, several of the violators explained that they thought their license ex- pired July l. It has been almost two years since licenses expired in July. Sport fishing licenses ex- pire Dec. 31 each year and are re- movable Jan. l of each year. The license is required for either fresh or salt water fishing.
 Another interesting item in this connection: Several sport-commer- cial fishermen said they were un- der the impression that they did not require sport fishing license. A sport-commercial ifs herman
Kodiak mirror., 1961-06-02
MeIanie Draper Weeds Gene Meeks

ceremony, Miss Melanie Draper became the bride of Mr Gene Meeks on Friday, May 26, at the Community Baptist Church.
 The bride, daughter of MT. and Mrs. Vernon Draper of Kodiak, was given in marriage by her father. Rev. Lewis White officiated at the ceremony and Mrs. Annie Laurie Martin sang Because" and ''The Lords Prayer"
 Mrs. Meeks wore a floor-length gown of white lace over chiffon and net with a boat" neck and long, pointed sleeves. The skirt was caught up with clusters of orange blossoms. Her short veil was attached to tiara of seed pearls. She carried a bridal bou- quet of pink rose buds and white carnations.
 Miss Karen Rextrew, maid of honor, was attired in cocktail length gown of yellow chiffon with a matching lace cap. Miss Dolores Satterlee and Miss Dale Mckinley, bridesmaids, wore gowns of laven- der chiffon with matching caps. The three attendants each carried a nosegay of carnations and rose buds.
 The brides mother chose a gown of rose silk for the occasion and wore corsage of yellow orchids.
 Attending the groom as best man was his twin brother, Dean Meeks. Ushers were John Kazama and Stephen Draper. Candle light CTS were Roberta Draper and Hell enc Talbott.
 A reception was held at the church following the ceremony. Miss Judy Walker cut the brides cake, while Mrs. Robert Dawson and Mrs. Henry Breckberg poured. The brides aunt, Mrs. Willis Car ter of Seattle, and Mrs. Robert Lee attended the gift table. Miss Luana Garoutte had charge of the guest book. Others assisting were the Mesdames Ali Anderson, Morris Burnham and Cecil Belcher.
 Mrs. Meeks graduated from Ko- diak High School this year and was editor of the Year Book.
 MT. Meeks, whose parents reside in Mountain Home, Idaho, is pres ently attached to the Naval Station. The young couple expect to leave for California early in July.
Kodiak mirror., 1961-06-02

IlSl QuTulS Ale peIIouS UT III 1Ic areas open to sport fishing only.
 Benny BenSons Alaska flag IS commemorated in a hand-carved sign in Seward which was recently erected at the Jesse Lee Methodist Home there.
 According to The Cheechako News, Kenai newspaper, the sign was made by Copecraft, local shop, and not only designates the location of the children's home. but also commemorates Alaska's flag, which was designed at the Jesse Lee Home by Benny Benson in 1927.
 Also in the same paper, an ad ap- peared offering $500 reward to any Cook Inlet fishermen who get rusty from the salty waters of the Inlet after getting oiled at the Inlet Bar In order to be eligible, the ad says, you must be human being Cor a reasonable facsimile), and =. choose your own brand of snake oil from the Inlet Bars large and varied stock and get properly oiled. Persons with artificial legs, steel plates in their head or weld CTS with homemade false teeth are not allowed to compete. Also peo- pie who habitually drink water are excluded from the competition :. :. The ad concludes by saying: Come one, come all-fishermen, friends, connoiseurs of snake oil, free loaders and Cheechacos.
 
 Did you ever hear anybody com plain because the weather was too good?
 That's what the contractor who has the job of putting in antenna poles on St. Lawrence Island for a defense station is doing. Next to Siberia, the island is not noted for it's balmy weather. The holes were dI,g deep in the permafrost. Then came the mild weather reducing everything to a quagmire. 'The
Kodiak mirror., 1961-06-02
Naval Station
 Births

A son, Whitney Brown, weighing 9-lbs. F 2-oz., was born on May 31 to Mary Margaret and James Franklin Wyatt, It. (j.g.) USCG.
 A daughter, Julie Ann, weighing 6 lbs. 13 oZs., was born on May 31 to Margaret Rose and Pierre Slightam, It, USN.
Kodiak mirror., 1961-06-02
Mirrored Reflections
By SIG DECREE

must possess a sport fish license to fish during the periods or in the areas open to sport fishing only.