davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-24
EXPERT ON RUSSIA
Political Adviser
Assigned to SAC

State Department officials
stress that Mr.. Freers will be a
member of Gen. Thomas L.
Powers staff, not subject to
State Department direction.
The new political adviser will,
however, be kept closely in
formed Of State Department
policies so that he can in turn
keep SAC posted on problems
of mutual concern.
Gen. Powers, it is stressed.
will continue to get his political
guidance from the Joint Chiefs
of Staff, not from the State
Department through Mr.. Freers.
The SAC commander in chief
has not only military but polit-
ical responsibilities which af-
feet the United States relations
with other countries, officials
point out. Mr.. Freers' appoint
ment makes available to Gen.
Powers the accumulated expert
ence of a trained foreign service
officer, in this instance one
who has spent much of his
career dealing with Soviet
affairs. He was chief of the
State Departments offices
dealing with Soviet and East
European affairs before he was
assigned as the No. 2 man in
Moscow in 1859.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-24
BY EARL H. VOSS
Star Staff Writer

One of the State Depart
ment's leading experts on So
Wet affairs has been assigned
as political adviser to the Stra-
tegic Air Command, the United
States long ange nuclear
striking force.
IN case of about nuclear war
he could become one Of the key
figures in the Government.
Edward L. Freers, minister
counsellor at the American En-
bassy in Moscow for the past
two years. recently was named
to the post.
He is the first political adviser
to be accepted at SAC, although
similar posts have already been
established in four other United
States military commands.
His appointment represents
an expansion of the continuing
effort to develop closer cooper
alton on the working level be-
tween the State and Defense
Departments. Twenty-Five mill
tary officers are now on duty
at the State Department and
the same number of Foreign
Service officers are working at
the Pentagon.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-24
Russia Claims
Missile Shield
MuIinovsky Tells
OF New Rockets

MOSCOW, Oct. "a CAP.-
Soviet Defense Minister Mar
shall Rodion Y. Malinovsky says
Russia has successfully solved
the problem of destroying
rockets in flight" Presumably
he means his forces have an
antimissile missile.
Marshal Malinovsky told the
22d Communist Party Congress
yesterday that Russia lis capa-
BILE of inflicting a crushing dec
feat upon the aggressor" with
a new branch of its armed
forces equipped with rockets
and nuclear weapons. How
ever, he did not spell out de-
tails of the Soviet breakthrough
in defense against enemy mis-
siles.
Rockets Called Decisive
Marshal Malinovsky con-
tended that rocket troops will
play the decisive role in any
future war. But he added: 1--WE
believe that the final victory
over the aggressor can be
achieved only through joint &C
ton of all armed forces"
I'm Washington, Unite d
States defense officials said the
Malinovsky announcement could
indicate a lead over the United
States If he meant that the So
Wet Union had developed a de-
tense against ballistic missiles.
(But if he referred TO defense
against air-to-air or air-to-
ground missiles, they said. he
was merely asserting a capa-
bility matching that of the
United States. The United
States Army has been develop
ing the Nike-zeus system as a
balliStic missile defense but it is
not yet operationaD.
Informants said he Soviet
defense chief aso declared that
Russian scientists had CON
See MOSCOW, Page AS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-24
Gen. GurseI Will Head
Turkish National Front

ANKARA, Turkey, Oct. "a
(AP) Turkish political lead
erS bowed today to military
pressure and agreed to form
an emergency national front
government with Gen. Genial
Gursel as President.
An agreement between the
leaders of four parties which
contested indecisive elections
on October Is was reached
after almost 10 straight hours
of political bargaining under
the threat of an army coup
d'etat.
Bypassing the military junta
which has ruled Turkey since
the overthrow of Premier Ad-
nan Menderes II months ago,
the Army General Staff, led
by Gen. Cedvet Sunay, had
set a 10 am. deadline for the
parties to join in a national
coalition government.
The army leaders threatened
to form a new military gov
eminent if the parties failed
to sign an eight-point protocol
agreeing on Gen. Gursel as
president. Gen. GurSel has
headed the military junta the
last II months.
The military also had de-
manded pledges that there
would be no changes in the
laws passed by the junta and
no leaders of the Menderes
regime now in prison would
be pardoned.
Party leaders came out Of
the final meeting apparently
satisfied and stated complete
agreement had been reached
on a solution to the crisis
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-24

created by the elections which
left no party with enough
strength to form a govern
ment on its own.
Gen. Gursel and other men,
bers of the junta are to re-
sign from the armed forces
and move into the Senate as
a bloc when the new Parlia-
ment convenes tomorrow.
Ismet Inonu, 78-year-old for
mer President and leader of
the Peoples Republican Party
which was supported by the
army in the election, declared:
II am leaving this meeting
very satisfied. I feel very good
indeed. All differences have
been resolved"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-24
BY ELTON c. FAY
Associated Press Staff writer

A Russian underwater nuclear
test indicates the Soviet Union
is making a major effort to
counter the mounting force of
United States Polaris subma-
rineS.
The report by the United
States Atomic Energy Com
mission that a relatively low
powered nuclear explosion was
set off under water south of the
Arctic Island of Novaya Zemlya
was overshadowed by the rest
of the Acc announcement.
Russia also had detonated in
the atmosphere over the Novaya
area a nuclear device of very
high yield, possibly as much as
so megatons but more probably
on the order of 80 megatons.
Statement Ambiguous
At about the same time,
Russia's Defense Minister is
sued a statement that the
problem of destroying rockets
in flight has been solved sue
cessfully." The ambiguous
phrasing of Marshal Rodion Y.
Malinovsky left in doubt his
exact meaning.
But there could be little
doubt about the significance
of the two other Soviet ex-
periments.
The big bomb is intended as
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-24

with Mr.. kennedy, Mr.. GreWe
said he had been generally
very much encouraged" after
the talk, but declined to say
specifically that the President
had Endorsed his PROPOSAL
In Bonn, auth oritative
sources said Mr.. Grewe in
formed Mr.. Kennedy West
Germany would consider deal
ing with the East German
regime to create a new air cor
ridor into Berlin.
The Associated Press said
these sources described the
proposal as the main point in
the new instructions given Mr.,
| Grewe when he was in Bonn
last week for consultations.
For Civilian Flights
The corridor repeatedly
would be created for civilian
flights from West Germany
into West Berlin and would
give West Germany the direct
air access to the city that it
now lacks. 1t would supplement
the three Allied air corridors,
which are restricted to aircraft
of the United States, Britain
and France.
Mr.. Grewe, who returned
Saturday night from a 10
day trip to Bonn and Ber-
lin, reported that he had de-
livered a letter to the President
from West German Chancellor
Adenauer. The letter pre-
sumably also dealt with the
problem of the East Berlin wall
Last year, Mr.. Grewe told
reporters, there were 100000
daily crossings of the border
between East and West Berlin
Now there are about 500, he
reported.
Negotiations here between
British, French, West German
and American diplomats tC
compose a united position or
which the United States car
base resumed explorations Of
the Soviet position on Berlin
and Germany have been stalled
while Mr.. Grewe sought the
new instructions.
"Close to French"
The West German envoy re-
ported today that the new
German evaluation of the "po.
litical situation" is very clost
to the French position"
The Bonn government is moi
opposed to continued explora.
lions of the Soviet position, hi
said, but I'VE think it will be
necessary. to find common
ground for the line taken ir
these explorations"
Despite uncertainties about
the continuation of DR.. Helm
rich Won Brentano as Foreign
Minister. Mr.. Grewe said hi
could still state a firm West
German position in meetings
of the ambassadorial steering
group here.
Parties Agree on Policy
The new West German gov.
eminent parties, the Christian
Democratic Union and the Free
Democrats, ARE agreed on tht
basic lines Of their foreign pol
Iicy and their defense policy,
Mr.. Grewe reported.
He told reporters he is more
hopeful but also not optimistic
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-24
BOLIVIA SPENDS
FOR EDUCATION

SOCIAL REFORMS new to other
South American countries ore q feet
Of life in Bolivia, where the per
eopito expenditure for education is
higher thon in any other notion on
the continent. The BoIivion story,
the 10th in O series Of articles on
the Continent in Ferment" by Stoff
Writer George Shermon, oppeoH on
Pose AS.
THE CONGO, otter Is months Of
chaos, is still Iond Of onimosities,
neor-bonkruptey ond unreoIitX
writes Associated Press Pulitzer
Prize winning reporter Lynn Helm
zerline in the first Of three articles
on Poqe A-8.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-24

about settling the Berlin crisis
after his To-day trip to Ger
many. I'VE are making progress
and finding common ground in
our preparations here in WASH
ington," he observed in explain
ing his hopefulness. But at the
same time. he said, I'VE do not
yet see any change in the posi-
ton Of the Soviets."
Mr.. Grewe said 1t is pre-
mature to discuss or decide
whether Mr.. Adenauer will
come to Washington until the
new West German Parliament
elects its leadership. Mr.. Aden-
auer is likely to be returned to
office, but the issue is not yet
settled. he said.
Discounts Corridor
Despite the reports from
Bonn, Mr.. Grewe said the
plan for providing IAN extra
territorial corridor" for West
German access to Berlin is
being overemphasized. This is
an idea which is not new at all.
It has been considered many
times. There is an overempha-
sis on this point. 1t is Just one
of many things that have to be
studied"
Soviet Premier Khrushchev's
nuclear bomb rafting has pro-
duced no panic in Germany,
Ambassador Grewe said, but
it has caused very grave con-
Germ"
The Adenauer letter to Mr..
Kennedy answers the latest
White House communication
which Bonn described as "a
very good letter"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-24

breaking 50-megaton bomb
would be set off in the current
test series. Through these sta
tons, the Public Health Serv-
ice hopes to get several days
advance warning of what kind
of fallout the United States
must expect.
Whatever the fallout pattern
turns out to be, PHS radiologi-
cal experts believe the period
of peak activity will be next
spring.
Time Lapse Explained
The intervening four or five
months will give the upper air
a chance to churn the radioac-
tive fallout particles and de-
liver them to the rain-making
layers Of the atmosphere.
Spring rains then will wash
the particles to earth.
No one yet knows how much
contamination, or what kind.
was placed in the upper at
mosphere by the big bomb. But
PHS officials said today they
are less concerned with what
is in the stratosphere now than
with what will get into the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-24
Bomb Blast FoI|out
Blown Over Russia :
u. S. to Get
Most Debris
By Spring
BY the Associated Press

Inc soviet UNION Is geCClng
a backfire of radioactive fall
out today from its mammoth
nuclear explosion, United
States Weather Bureau scien-
lists reported.
They said the fallout was
carried on winds blowing south
to southeast over Russia.
The massive blast, triggered
yesterday in the atmosphere
over the Novaya zemlya region
in the Arctic, may have been
the 50-megaton explosion that
Soviet Premier Khrushchev
announced the Russians would
test. But the United States
Atomic Energy Commission
said it doubts that the deto-
nation was that big.
The Acc said the blasts
yield was very high, possibly
as high as so megatons. But
it added that preliminary
analysis Indicates it was more
probably on the order of 80
megatons."
There has been no word from
Russia on the explosion.
Biggest in History
But either size, it was the
biggest man-made explosion in
history.
A 30-megaton bomb releases
energy equivalent to 80 million
tons of TINT. 1t would carry
more punch than all the previ-
ously announced 81 tests in the
current Russian series. The
largest previous Soviet test was
estimated at about 10 megatons.
The biggest United States nu-
clear test has been reported at
Is to 20 megatons.
Robert List, chief Of the
Weather Bureaus atmospheric
radioactivity project, said Rus
STA would get more of the i'm
mediate fallout" from the ex-
! plosion than other areas.
Since it was likely the bomb
was fired high in the atmos-
phere, Mr.. List said only a
small fraction of the fallout
would sift down Immediately.
But he added: with a big
bomb, even a small fraction
can be appreciable."
Mr.. List said that if present
atmospheric wind patterns
prevail, the first fallout should
reach North America on Thurs
day or Friday, most likely in
Alaska and Canada.
Most Due in Spring
DR.. Lester Machta. another
Weather Bureau fallout spe-
cialist, estimated that the fall
out debris remaining in the
atmosphere and therefore
subject to coming down fairly
quickly-might constitute be-
tween / and 5 per cent of the
total fallout debris from the
big bomb.
The remainder will be high
in the shakespeare and won't
begin to come down until next
spring, falling in the Northern
Hemisphere between ATTITUDES
80 and go North-mainly in
areas where rains are heaviest.
The rainy areas would in
clude the United States East of
the Rockies, Iceland, Green
land, Western Europe, South
ern Alaska, the windward side
of Scandinavia, and also Rus
STA.
Two United States scientists
said, however, that in the long
run the United States will get
most of the fallout from the
test.
In Rochester. N. Y. physicist
Ralph E. Lapp. who lives in
Alexandria. said last night:
Because of the latitude at
which they test. we get most Of
the fallout from the Russian
bombs"
In New York, DR. Harold
C. Urey, Nobel Prize-winning
chemist, said the fallout from
Russia's bomb will mostly
come to the United States"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-24
Grewe Proposes West
Seek End to Berlin Wall
Envoy Hints at Kennedy Approval;
Bonn Reports New Corridor Plan

West German Ambassador wilhelm Grewe today pro-
posed that Western allies demand removal of the Com
munistS concrete wall sealing off East Berlin.
He limited that President Kennedy had approved the
proposal.
Speaking at the White after 45-minute meeting
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-24
u. S. FoIIout Stations
Set Up Near Russia
Health Service Hopes for Doto Faster
With Three New Posts in Alaska
BY WILLIAM HINES
Star Science Writer

The Public Health Service has opened three fallout
monitorng stations close to Russian soil in effort to get
early information about radoactivty from yesterdays big
Russian hydrogen-bomb blast.
The stations were opened several days ago in Alaska,
after Khrushchev announced that record
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-24
Guide for Readers

Amuse'ts A-l6-l7 Leisure SPIRITS Alb
Business 1913 Lost, Found---A-3
Classified B-9-l6 Music ----A-lO
Comics --B-l7-l9 Obituary -B.4
Crossword BIB Society
Editorial ----A-lZ Home ---B-6-9
Editorial Sports abb
Artieles---A- TV-Rodio A-l4-l5
Features BIO. Weather BIZ
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-24
TIE NIEATuED, Full Report
ITIG "EAIHENs on Pese 81

District and vicinity-Fair, cool tonight,
low about a in city and mid-30s with
scattered frost in the suburbs. Fair and a
little warmer tomorrow. High and low Of
last "a hours: High, so, at pm today;
low, 40, at 400 am. today.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-24

The Commissioners today
formally asked for congress
sional permission to postpone
the city's scheduled cuts in re-
lief checks to large families.
The request was to postpone
the effective date Of the reduc-
Welfare Low Reform Is Cool, RibieoFf
Says. Poss "A
Evening star., 1961-03-03
Titun Missile
Falls Into Ocean
Short of Goal

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla,
Mar. 8 tAP) Premature shut
down of the second stage en-
gine caused a Titan intercom-
tinental range missile to plunge
into the Atlantic Ocean far
short of its intended 6,100-mile
goal last night. @
The fizzle ended a string of
two straight successes for the
new model. which contains
nearly all components of the
final combat-ready design.
There was no indication
whether the failure would de-
lay Air Force plans to have
the missile operational by mid
summer. --.,5 .-..
An official announcement
said the first stage performed
perfectly and the second stage
ignited as planned. But 1t add
ed that IAN early shutdown of
the second stage caused the re-
entry vehicle to fall short.
Cause of the malfunction is
not Immediately known"
A successful flight would
have tied the previous Titan
long-distance mark. One pre-
vious Titan flew 6,100 miles
last october "a. The remain
der of the flights have been
over 5,000-mile courses.
Evening star., 1961-03-03

the rudimentary tests were re-
stricted to displaying the Sd
radar output on one of two
special escapes built especially
for the system"
Mr.. Anast emphasized that
considerable test operations are
still to be performed before the
theory is proved to be feasible.
Launching Of the series of
tests on the warning device
could produce, when fully de-
veloped, a means of eliminating
m1d-air collisions. AS Of now,
an effective device of its kind
has been little more than a
far away dream. Scientists
and researchers have come up
with several proposals, but in
adequacies have been found in
all of them.
Built by Sperry
The equipment under initial
test at Atlantic City is being
built under FAA contract by
Sperry Gyroscope Co., and in
cludes a unique antenna to help
warn a pilot of an impending
collision from any direction,
This information would be
fed into the aircraft's auto
matte pilot which would make
the escape maneuver.
Tests now under way propose
to demonstrate the adequate
coverage and target accuracy Of
the basic system. Mr.. Anast
said it is expected to provide
for automatic exchange Of al
'titude, range and direction data
between aircraft.
Evening star., 1961-03-03

the key posts on the inspection
teams to be operating in the
Soviet Union.
Kennedy Determined
United States and British
disarmament experts have
agreed they should know by
late May whether the Soviet
government is seriously inter-.
ested in making a test ban
agreement. President Ken
nedy has told officials. and
reportedly assured the British.
that he is determined to get
an agreement If the Soviets
win accept reasonable inspec-
ton safeguards against cheat
ing.
Tests were halted two and
one-half years ago when the
Geneva negotiations opened.
The moratorium now in effect
has no inspection provisions.
Evening star., 1961-03-03

scribe the proper eVaSlVe action.
Announcement of progress in
the Sd radar research was so
optimistic that it predicted in
stallation of the system in New
York "in about 18 months" if
the tests continue to be success
full.
Radar now in use by the FAA
In air traffic control provides
only distance and direction Of
aircraft.
System Held Inaccurate
The military has a system
which gives the misunderstanding
information on a second radar-
scope, but it has not been con-
sidered accurate enough for air
traffic control and does not
provide the three-dimensional
picture on a single scope.
Mr.. Anast said the Sd oper-
ating from a 165-foot-high an
tenna at the FAA's research
center in Atlantic City,
tracked a small aircraft and
gave altitude information ac-
curate to within 500 feet at a
distance Of 20 miles.
I'm the first test, an FAA
plane was flown extensively and
the equipment reacted favor
ably despite the fact that it
had not yet been fully adjusted
to peak performance" the FAA
said.
Automatic Processing
Although the equipment was
developed to work in conjunc-
ton with automatic data proc
essing and display equipment,
Evening star., 1961-03-03
By the Associated Press

The House Appropriations
Committee today called for a
"czar" over the missile program
to cut costs and end divided
responsibility.
It acted on recommendation
Of a subcommittee which re-
Gently heard testimony that
the program has been delayed
and costs increased because of
divided and duplicated re-
sponsibilities.
While the Air Force appar-
emily has solved the problem Of
providing the missiles, the COM
mittee said, "It has not, how
ever, solved the many major
problems besetting the con-
struction portion Of this
program" l
Many Changes Cited
It said divided responsibility
within the Air Force and be-
tween it and the Army's Corps
Of Engineers, coupled with an
abnormally large number Of
change orders and modifica-
tions and other problems .
threaten to push costs to
alarming proportions"
The present setlp. the CONS
mittee added threatens the
well-being Of the entire sys-
tenn"
"It is essential that the press
ent divided, duplicating and
often indefinite responsibilities
be eliminated and an organiza-
tional structure provided which
will give specific authority and
continuity of directions to the
Evening star., 1961-03-03
House Unit Urges Car
Over Missile Program

program until the operational
capability Of the missile site is
realized.
To direct the entire program.
the committee said. there
should be "a single head re-
sponsibile directly to the Chief
of Staff and the Secretary Of
the Air Force"
The person filling this po-
sition." the committee said,
should be charged with the
full responsibility for the sue
cessful prosecution of this pro-
gram and given complete au-
thority to fulfill this RESPONSE
bility."
Negotiations Lag Hit
Another program fault. the
committee said. "is the made
quate authority Of the contract
ing officer to promptly negoti-
ate with the contractor for the
settlement Of change orders.
He has been drastically ham,
pered by far too many people
constantly looking over his
shoulder and by restrictions
placed upon him not to exceed
8 certain percentage of the
Government estimate ;. which
In many instances have been
grossly inadequate"
As an, example Of grossly
inadequate" cost estimates for
plan changes, the committee
cited the Air Forces Lowry
missile base In Colorado. 1t
said preliminary estimates
ranged from $51,011 to $780,
900. while the final settlement
cost was $4,937,37S.