davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-06-18
Rusk's Statement
Why Aid Is Needed:

ideals which express and safe
guard the dignity of man.
battle-ground Of Freedom
The battle-ground of freedom. as
the President said. is the whole
southern half of the globe. Here
over 40 new nations have attained
independence since the war. 19
since the beginning of last year.
Here nations, old and new, are
struggling to convert formal in
dependence into true nationhood.
Everywhere people are awakening
from the Stagnation of centuries.
They decline any longer to regard
poverty and. oppression and
squalor as the law of nature.
They are determined to have for
themselves and their children the
food they need, housing fit for
human habitation, the benefits
of their farming, schools, SANTA
ton and medicine; and honest,
responsible government. They are
determined to claim these bene-
fits of modern life without delay.
And, if the democratic world
cannot satisfy this passion for
mcdernization. then the Commu-
niSts can leap aboard this great
revolution of freedom, seize it.
direct it to their own ends and
make it the instrument Of their
own limitless imperialist ambi-
tionS. We would be false both to
our own national interest and to
our obligations to others were we
to allow this to happen.
Our task is made more difficult
because the Sino-Soviet bloc has
Systematically focused its political.
economic and propaganda assault
on the underdeveloped world in
the last half dozen years. They
have exploited their capabilities
with considerable effect. They
have spread the illusion that rapid
development is their monopoly.
They have shown speed and flex-
ibility, a minimum of red tape. a
readiness to make long-term COM
mitmentS, and willingness to
accept goods in repayment of
loans. They are competing hard,
with mixed results, but with an
energy which ought to concern
those committed to freedom.
The Lost Analysis
But this competition or national
self interest alone is not the es-
sence of the program we are dis
cussing. We need no other reason
to support these measures than
the profound and overriding fact
that they are right.
1t is right to do these things
because peoples are in need of
help and we are able to help them
to help themselves; because their
children sicken and die while we
have the science to save them: be-
cause they are illiterate while We
have the means Of education and
knowledge; because their agri-
cultural methods and tools win
them an annual income of $50
from the soil while we have the
technical skill and capital to help
them live like human beings.
Nor is there assurance that this
aid will save the underdeveloped
world. But those who oppose for
eign aid must accept the conse-
quenceS Of their opposition. They
must understand that, if they sue
ceed, they deny the peoples in the
emergent societies their last great
hope for independent develop
ment and therefore condemn them
to the high probability of Commu-
mist servitude-and us to Commu-
mist world encirclement.
Evening star., 1961-06-18
By WILLIAM r. FRYE
Contributing Writer

UNITED NATIONS. N. Y
Once again, key diplomats are
casting about for ways to bring
the United Nations usefully into
the Berlin crisis.
The operative word is "usefully."
To wait until the crisis is at white
heat, and then run to the U. N.
to fend off a shooting war. is not
considered particularly enlight-
ened or stateSmanlike use of the
world organization-though this,
too, of course, would have its value
if the situation got entirely out of
hand.
Soviet Premier Khrushchev now
has repeated his earlier proposal
that U. N. peace force be as
signed to help patrol a free city"
of West Berlin. He also has Of
fered to consider ANY other meas
ures"-a very broad phrase-to
the same general end.
Lord Home, the British Foreign
Secretary, and q. N. Secretary
General Dag Hammarskjold con-
ferred here last week. Their dis
cuSsion was private, but it is a
safe guess that they explored the
peace-force idea and "other meas
ureS" involving the q. N.
lronies in Proposal
Revival of the peace-force pro-
poSal in the present context in
wolves at least two major ironies:
o Such a force logically would be
set up by, and come under the ad-
ministrative control of. Mr.. Ham
marskjold - whom Mr.. Khru-
shchev has been out to behead.
o It's establishment would vastly
strengthen the peacekeeping po-
tential of the U. NJ. which Mr..
Khrushchev has been out to de-
stroy.
If, however. Mr.. Khrushchev
wants a Berlin settlement badly
enough to scrap his whole U. N.
WlCChlllS OPCI dClOII-d GIloJ 10
apparently what he is offering to
do-the proposition at least is
worth looking at, U. N. people be-
lieve.
Could a U. N. force, under opti-
mum conditions, really guarantee
the freedom and independence. in
Mr.. Khrushchev's phrase, of either
West Berlin or reunited city?
It is taken as automatic here
that the U. N. cannot impose a
course of action on anyone more
advanced than the Congolese (and
it has had only very limited sue
cess with them. The U. N. is not
a world government.
Greet Powers Role
A Berlin peace force would
work, therefore, only if the great
powers-including the Soviet Un-
ion-wanted it to work. How
ever, there are two reasons for
thinking that perhaps Mr.. Khru-
Evening star., 1961-06-18
Lutin America

There is a strange quality in the
record of aid to Latin America.
For no real reason, except per-
haps the political whims of the.
donor, it is a history of great
fluctuations. While the pattern
is the same for previous years, the
details from 1853 on demonstrate
this point:
Evening star., 1961-06-18

Nearly all the $4.4 billion in
grants and loans to the 81 nations
of the continent has gone to ar
rest the inexorable march Of stark
hunger in regions where produc-
tive capacity seems always to
crawl.
Evening star., 1961-06-18

been slightly more than $5.6 bill
lion for the last Is years.
Only twice-in 1851 and in 1852
have the totals been less than
IS billion. Actual year-by-year
costs, according to the 1nterna-
tional Cooperation Administra-
ton, are:
Evening star., 1961-06-18

however. that Breton Woods esti-
mates were far too optismistic.
Initial hopes that "a few financial
institutions" like the Interna-
tional Monetary Fund and the
International Bank, could tide
the countries over for the neces-
sary two or three years" soon
proved baseless.
And when, in 1947, the late
George c. Marshall, then Secre-
tary of State, invited the ma
tions of the world to submit their
shopping lists to the United
States" the Nation was off and
running in an endeavor that has
grown rather than diminish. and
has changed mainly in direction
but seldom in intent.
Most Unsordid Act
The bare statistics of what
Winston Churchill once described
as the most unSordid act in
human history" would admittedly
make dull reading, yet enough can
be legitimately cleaned from the
past to provide guidelines for the
future.
Many, including President Ken
nedy, have argued that aid pat
terms have been too rigid in the
past. Their contention is that
aid-giving has become a habit,
and too little attention has been
paid to real needs or to political
advantages a more flexible pro-
gram might afford.
It is significant to note, there
fore, that of the rs nations receiv-
ing aid directly from the United
States, 10 have received in grants
or loans more than $40 billion. or
more than 81 per cent of the total
dispensed in the last Is years.
These 10 recipients and the
amounts they have received are:
France --------$9.4 billion
United Kingdom - 81 billion
Italy ---- SIS billion
Germany
(Federal Republic 40 billion
Korea --.-------- 40 billion
Republic of China 3.9 billion
Japan -------- "a billion
Turkey ----------- 81 billion
Greece ------- 81 billion
India ----- "a billion
Total -------$49.3 billion
The Annual Spending
Average annual spending has
Evening star., 1961-06-18
Time Holds the Kew
ToU.N. Role on Berlin

shchev would want the plan to
work:
. There would be something, in
deed quite lot. in it for him;
Q He would have a lot to lose if
he directly double crossed an Afri-
can and Asian majority of the
U. N. General Assembly.
To bring the q. N. directly into
the vortex Of the cold war, and
give it a major responsibility bear
ing on the most critical problem
facing East and West, would be to
transform it into a supremely i'm
portant factor on the world scene.
There is no assurance, of course.
that Mr.. Khrushchev really would
be willing to see this happen. AS
soon as negotiations got down to
brass tacks, he might well revive
the "troika" idea-the three
headed directorate-and the whole
thing would collapse.
But there is no way to find out
without trying, diplomats here
point out.
The possibility Of Soviet in
sincerity is not the real objection
to the KhruShchev plan, in the
eyes of its critics. The real OBJ
lection, in their view, is that it
represents a deal where no deal
should be made.
Mr.. Khrushchev had no legal
right to threaten the present
status of West Berlin. He has no
moral right whatever political
and military basis he may have
for his assault on the U. N. To
buy him off, therefore, it is argued,
would be to pay him a price to
stop what he never should have
begun.
The Price Is High
And his price is high. He
spelled it out with remarkable
candor in the memorandum to Mr..
Kennedy. The USSR deems it
necessary" he said, for the sake
of consolidating peace to record
the situation that took shape in
Europe after the war de jure, to
formulate and consolidate the
immutability of the existing Ger
man frontiers, to normalize the
situation in West Berlin"
He is asking, in effect. that the
West acknowledge and accept as
permanent the partition of Eu-
rope, writing off as forever Rus
sian the empire Stain built. AS
a first step, he wants to release
the pressure which West Berlin
applies to East Germany.
Is the game worth such
candle? The Germans argue that
it is not; the British believe it is.
The West, however, may not have
any practical choice. 1t may not
be a question of whether to nego-
tiate, but when to negotiate.
Evening star., 1961-06-18

The need Of the foreign aid
program to keep the United
States abreast Of the modern
world was described in remarks
of Secretary Of State RuSk in
testimony before the Senate
Foreign Relations Committee on
May 81 in support Of the current
legislation. An excerpt from
the testimony follows:
The world today is a very diff
ferent world from what it was at
the end of World War II. The
Soviet Union has grown in eco
nomic. technical and military
strength. Western Europe, with
its astonishing economic recovery.
has resumed its place as a potent
factor in international affairs.
The nations of Latin America, of
Asia and of Africa, rising on the
tide of nationalist aspiration, are
demanding their places in the sun.
SUCH a world contains contra
dictions. perplexities and dangers.
Wider distributions of power in
crease the hazards of world af-
fairs in a nuclear age. At the
same time, this new world offers
exceptional opportunities for posi-
tive, flexible and imaginative eff
fort. Wise policy in this new
world requires a number of things
from the United States.
1t requires a sufficiency of mill
tary force to restrain nations from
aggression-and sufficiently di-
versified military capabilities to
deter or meet aggression at every
level, from the thermonuclear
holocaust to assassination in the
jungle.
Couse Of Disarmament
1t requires, equally, a strong
and sincere determination. to ad-
y vance the cause of disarmament
to do everything possible to
establish the conditions under
which nations may reduce their
military establishments and know
that. in doing so, they are not
exposing themselves to enemy
attack.
1t requires, too, an active and
affirmative policy of building the
social, economic and moral
strength Of independent nations,
so that they will have the capacity
within themselves to throw off the
virus of totalitarianism and pursue
national objectives in a climate of
expanding freedom.
The first thing I would say
about the programs under consid-
eraton today is that they reflect
to a degree our own national ex-
perience. We were once an under
developed country ourselves. We
grew through a combination of
foreign assistance, public aid and
private investment and enterprise.
We know that a free society under
representative institutions can
achieve extraordinary economic
growth. Our opportunity today
and our obligations to assist
other nations to reach a stage of
secure national independence and
self-SuStaining economic develop
ment.
The need today is for the United
States and the other developed
nations to open to the emergent
societies of Latin America. Asia
and Africa opportunities for a
continuous and concurrent growth
of independence. of democracy, of
industry and agriculture, of social
justice and of the institutions and
Evening star., 1961-06-18

The Annual Spending
Average annual spending has
Evening star., 1961-06-18
Greet Powers Role

A Berlin peace force would
work, therefore, only if the great
powers-including the Soviet Un-
ion-wanted it to work. How
ever, there are two reasons for
thinking that perhaps Mr.. Khru-
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-03-10

File No. 9632s
ORDER FOR HEARING PETI-
TION FOR ADMINISTRATION,
LIMITING TIME TO FILE
CLAIMS AND FOR HEARING
STATE OF MINNESOTA
COUNTY OF HENNEPIN
PROBATE COURT
In Re Estate of Samuel L. Kauf
man, Decedent.
order fer Hearing Petition for
Letters Of Administration
1T Is ORDERED that all persons
Interested show cause, IL any they
have, before this Court on Monday,
March 9th, 1881, at 2 o'clock PM,
In the Court House in Minneapolis,
Minnesota, why the petition of
Bertha Kaufman, Of Hennepin
County, Minnesota for the appoint
ment of herself as administering,
herein filed, should not be granted.
Order to File Claims and for
Hearing Thereon
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that
within four months from the date
hereof all creditors of said Decedent
file their claims in this Court. Proofs
will be heard and claims examined
and adjusted before this Court on
Monday, July 3rd, 1851. at 10 o'clock
AN. in the Court House in Minne-
apolis, Minnesota
| These orders shall be published in
the Minneapolis Spokesman and
copies mailed according to law.
| COURT SEAL)
WITNESS the HON. MELVIN ].
PETERSON, Judge of Probate
Court, this 27th day Of Febru-
airy 1851.
! ROSE FoSSEEN
Clerk Of Probate Court
Nemerov q Perl
Attorneys
| 7O5 N. w. Fed. Bldg.
| (Spokesman, March 3, 10 & II, 1861
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-03-10
SPORTS
RY RILL RRoMFR

outdueed by vae1y Brunei
the Russian high jumper the Boston University Junior
What's Thomas win be spOrtn about the thing
1880 Madison Square csrde
Thomas acknowledged that Brunei jumper
first time that the two had met In the oympics
second behind teamnate, and the American third
Now the dueng supremacy
has been the feet height than
United States appearance Brunei jumped
Lenngrad Thomas world mark il 7-3% outdoors
Before their initial competition
umbus games the Soviet star had leaped 7s times
the afternoon meeting pair
n lew City
The to visit them" said Ed Flanagan
Thomas
should to They did"
There
talk after the ompcs the 65
with Bmels decisive victory at 7a and haHne TO- this
sort Of talk seems sort Of silly in retrospect
could be- although
it, that Thomas is up against superior Jumper
By second
the National indoor championships Flanagan said:
We're going to be better always
pason We had trouble getting 8s But this
should whz certain
IT'S just like John said after he lost Rome:
jumpers beat me- Last night he told Boy that
I'll have work to him Well
OF there thing fandom. It
might superlatve
performance is disgrace.
spotlight great perform
Of Ralph Boston, olympic winner
Rudolph a three-medal winner at Rome.
like Wilma student predicted
that he could 20 feet the broad jump He leaped 261% to bet
25-1O which recently
geles.
accomplished previously
a special 50-yard dash in 6 seconds fiat
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-03-10
Quinn VS.. ShuFfocF
Frd0y Nighf AZ
81. Paul AFTmogg

"
Promoter Jack Raleighs plan
to decide state championships in
every division moves ahead Fri
day night March 10) with sharp
punching Don Quinn Of st. Paul
meeting Kunu Shurfoot, Mime
apolis, in the 10-round heavy
weight feature.
The winner win be matched
later with Jerry Bailey, Mime
ap0lis, for the title. Raleigh sim
held hopes for an all-heavyweight
card at the Armory, the first he
said he believed had ever bean
tried In Minnesota.
Signed for a four rounder are
Roger Wakefield, La Crosse, Wis,
and Conrad Lee, River Falls, wis.
Other heavies he hopes to sign
include Jerry Wright and Ben
Mason.
Quinn, working on a string Of
eight straight victories, also could
move out as one Of the regular
headliners on the st. Paul cards.
In shurfoot, he meets one Of the
most active heavies in the state.
He appeared on the last two St.
Paul cards and more recently
stopped Joe Jump of Omaha at
Rochester, MINI.
Only two prices will prevail for
the five-bout Armory card, $3.50
and 81.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-03-10
TWIN CITIES LADIES
February %

80 - ~
Little Cindy Hickman was on
hand Tuesday at st. Peter CIaver
Lanes with her dad, Maurice to
see grandmother Ruth bowl. She
enjoyed it for a while but her
daddy looked rather dubious about
the proceedings. shelia sayles was
another Of the small fry present.
Blonde" Barker made his first
visit Of the season. vena Groves
was an enthusiastic on-lool1er. Bea
Walton, Essie Stewart, Henry
jackson, Otis Skinner and Mar
guerite Ellis completed the List Of
galleryites.
Only four weeks remain Of the
bowling season for the Ladies.
All teams are striving to up"
their position and hang on until
the final night. It is a nip and tuck
affair for the second, third and
fourth teams. May the better ones
win.
Team High Single Game: Brooks
Funeral Home, $50; Jinmy's DIX,
826; Just Rite Barbecue, SO7.
Team High Series: Brooks Fun
eral Home, 2407; Jimmy's DIX,
1887; Gopher Lodge, 226s.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-03-10
Coils Get Former
New Mexico sNuHa S2nE

S0sbS wv WOHUhof
New Mexico Sfuse SfuE
Baltimore CAMP - Baltimore
Colts 18th draft choice, q 212-
pound end from New Mexico State,
e. A. Sims, is a baseball player
and that probably accounts for his
pass-snaring ability.
Strong on both otrense and de-
Tense, Sims probably win get his
longest look a. a receiver with the
Colts. He speared 10 aer4als for
234 yards in 1859. Last season, he
had 80 receptions for 234 yards in
1860. He scored three touchdowns
In 1859 and Tailed twice last year.
One OF his 1850 feats was a O.
yard touchdown run on an inter
cepted pass against Tulsa. In New
Mexico States 2o-to-13 win over
Utah State In the Sun Bowl Sims
grabbed off seven passes and
scored one touchdown.
A three-step booter, he can drive
the bali out Of the end zone on
kick offs.
Texas-born, Sims II following the
tradition of many others from the
Lone Star state in using only In
itials before his surname. But his
intimates call him "ZelIe."
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-03-10

S0WGMB0M0
Despite rising protest against segregation Of players
spring Negro the North who are
the backbone Of Big League baseball support nothing
done about the dsgracefu practices.
JET weekly magazine players
various clubs in housing in the Grapefruit League.
says JET
YORK YAHKEEsNegroes Howard Hector Iopez
and Jesse Gender arrangements
Tcpngs request for St Petersburg
fused
DETROIT TTGERs-LOcal Lakeland Fa forbids
four Negro players from staying headquarters
BALTIMORE ORIOLES only Negro player
into Miamfs McAllister Hotel with his team.
CHICAGO WHITE soX-Negro players win live separate
motel at club headquarters
KANSAS CITY ATTI1ET1Cs-"we not spearheadng any
political movements" refusing
seek migrated quarters for his lone Negro player.
MINNESOTA TWINs-F4ve Negro players
separate motel.
WASHINGTON sENAToRs-A large house being rented for
Negro players
ST. CARDIAs-No color barrier as team tries
Negro players with prominent Petersburg
LOS ANGELES DoDGERs-Payers stay together old
base IN eroB
CINCINNATI REDS-Eight Negroes and
private homes Hotels say please sleeping
PITTSBURGH Myers (Fla manager says
anticipate any players get
cellent accommodations in private homes"
MILWAUKEE, BRAVES-Although Hank Aaron, Yves Covingon
Bradenon F1a Negro players boarding
PHILADELPHIA PEEIILIEs-Gen Manager Quinn wants
players Clearwater immediate pros
poets
FRANCISCO segregation problem Phoenix
(Ar4z) camp where IL Of 80 players Negroes
CUBs-An players including Banks and George
Altman live at Maricopa Inn in Meza, Arz
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-03-10
PiFutes' BckeF SideIined
With TNNisRmd Knaa

Fort Myers, Fla. CAMP - Gene
Baker, utility infielder with the
Pittsburgh Pirates and one of base
balls hard-luck players, last week
twisted his right knee at the Pr
ates spring training camp here
when his spikes caught in the
ground
He was sidelined for about a
week.
A former member Of the Banks
Baker double play combination on
the Chicago Cubs, Baker was side
lined for q long period by a previ-
Gus leg injury before he made a
comeback with the world champ
ions Pirates.
He appeared as a pinch hitter
for the Pirates in the World Series
last fall.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-03-10
Takers Felix fined $50
For FIooPinq OpponenI

New York CANP) - President
Maurice Podoloff of the National
Basketball Association has fined
Ray Felix, 6-foot, 11-inch center
Of the Los Angeles Lakers, $50
for flooring Mike Farmer Of the
Cincinnati Royals during an alter.
cation in a game between the two
teams in Cincinnati recently.
Felix decked Farmer with q
single punch, sending him to a
hospital suffering from a slight
conclusion. Farmer has since re-
Joined the Royals.
Felix was banished from the
game, which the Royals won. He
claimed that on his way to the
dressing room, an irate fan swung
at him and he swung back.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-03-10
NOTICE or INCnRPnRATInN


Notice is hereby given that Medi-
cal Arts Press, Inc. was incorporated
on the LIST day of March, 1851, under
and pursuant to the Minnesota Bus
mess Corporation Act.
The general nature of its business
shall be: The printing and manufac-
turing of forms, statements and
printing of any and all kinds and
nature.
The address of its registered
office is 29O8 Emerson Avenue
South, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
The names and addresses OF the
incorporators are:
Irving Sadoff, 7732 w. I3h Street
Mpls., MINI.
Mark Wexler, 27l7 Inglewood Ave,
Mpls., MINI,
Muriel Wexler, 2717 Inglewood Ave,
Mpls., MINI.
The names and addresses OF the
first Board of Directors are:
Irving Sadoff, 7732 W. 1874 Street
Mpls., MINI.
Mark Wexler, 2T17 Inglewood Ave.
Mpls., MINI.
Muriel Wexler, 2717 Inglewood Ave.
y Mpls,, MINI.
Dated: March 8, 1851
MEDICAL ARTS PRESS, INC.
BY NEMEROV q PERL
Attorneys
7O5 Northwestern Federal Bldg.
Minneapolis 3, Minnesota
spokesman, March 10, 1861
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-03-10
Minnesota Twins I'm
Finul Phase Of
Season Ticket Drive

The Minnesota Twins Baseball
Club Is entering the final phase
Of the teams season ticket drive
with high hopes Of hitting the 5000
mark before the cutoff date Of
March 10.
The Minutemen organizations of
both Minneapolis and st. Paul are
currently engaged in an about
campaign to reach all persons and
firms seeking season ducats to the
inaugural season Of the Twins at
Metropolitan Stadium. All con-
cerned are quite optimistic about
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-03-10
Police Gust Old Nom From
Condemned Building, Find
Old Bible And Sc. 600 cusI

Ann Arbor (ANP) - A 235.
year-old Bible and $1,000 in cash
were found last week in the debris.
filled home of a 69-year-old re-
cluse, police reported
Andrew Rowe emerged from the
house after ignoring for four days
authorities who urged him tc
leave.
City health department workers
said they had removed seven truck.
loads of debris from the two-storS
hoalses - .. a-f.s.-. ...t --~rr-