davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-03-01

If Federal aid for church
elementary and secondary
schools is unconstitutional, as
President Kennedy has said,
then David Lawrence wants
to know why grants or con-
struction loans to church
colleges are not unconstitu-
tional also. There is a differ
ence, Mr.. Lawrence, between
a grant and q loan. A grant
is an outright gift: a loan is
an extension of credit on
which q full return is made.
A bank does not make grants
to people, but it lives by
making them loans. In order
to expand higher education
there may be some juStifica-
ton for government loans
to church-related colleges -
loans on which they make q
full return.
AS to the matter of grants,
whether direct or indirect, to
the church school, this is
something else. Mr.. Lawrence
wants to know why the CT
Bills cannot serve as prece-
dent for general subsidies to
church colleges. The answer
is that the GI Bills were
merit awards" to men who
had served their country with
distinction and in the process
of doing this had found their
education postponed. What
Mr.. Lawrence seems to advo-
cate is a blanket grant to
any student who appears
vaguely capable Of remain
ing in college four years or
more. This is not q merit
award at all but an indirect
subsidy to the church school,
and not very indirect, either.
Another thing, Mr.. Law
renee, there is a difference
between elementary and
secondary schooling, on the
one hand, and college train
ing, on the other. The former
is conducted in every instance
under the states compulsion
and it involves children. The
latter represents a voluntary
choice by men and women.
The unconstitutionality Of
using tax funds to pay for
a form Of sectarian indoc-
Evening star., 1961-03-01
Drowinq q Line on Aid to Education

tions toward mergers. Such
mergers of churches would
hardly be accompanied by q
proliferation of different
church schools.
Does the public school
system have to avoid COM
petition in order to remain
in existence? I think not.
Perhaps some healthy COM
petition would spur 1t on to
even greater achievements
than 1t has accomplished
operating as 1t does under
many and varied pressures.
The argument that the
public school system permits
the youth Of our Nation from
all races and creeds to be
together In a democratic
way" is belied daily by seq
regated schools. Where is the
justice in that? That public
funds should not be used
to support any religious in
Stitution's school system" is
wholeheartedly subscribed to
by this writer. No words
or intent in the Constitution,
however. prevent public funds
from going to tax-paying
parents who choose to ex-
ercise their natural law pre-
negatives by sending tn ier
children to a school where
God is not excluded or merely
tolerated, but where the Gre
ator of all men is given His
just due. At least seven major
world democracies make this
concession to concerned par
ents without major untoward
effects on church-state re-
lationS or, more Importantly,
on people-to-people relations.
The United States were
united without the aid of a
school system that put all
under one roof. Other democ-
racies have not found it nee
essary to have all children
under one roof. Several mil
lions Of American citizens
products Of religious schools
give living proof that loyalty
and devotion to this Republic
are bred in the non-public
school as well as in the .Jub-
lie school.
David e. Jones.
Evening star., 1961-03-01

trination Of children which
the great majority Of our
people reject, is patiently
clear. President Kennedy is
quite right to point this out.
When a college is chosen by
an adult who qualities for
an award on the basis Of
scholarship determined by
competitive examination -
this could be another matter.
Again. a point of informa-
ton. Money-line separation
of church and state has been
upheld not by some lawyers"
as Mr.. Lawrence AYERS, but
by the Supreme Court itself.
Money-line separation has
been upheld by the court in
three decisions-1947, l948
and 1852 in unanimous de-
cisionS on this point. This
makes the score 81 to 0.
C. Stanley Lowell,
Associate Director, ProteS-
tants and Other Americans
United for Separation Of
Church and State.
Statements in letters to
the effect that religious
schools are divisive and dam
gerous to American democ-
racy are wholly withou t
foundation In fact. The old
shibboleth that the public
school is the foundation Of
democracy cannot Withstand
the test Of historical analysis.
The American Republic was
many years old before uni
versal public education ex-
listed as we know it today.
No signer Of the Declaration
Of Independence or drafter
Of the Constitution attended
a public school. Would any
one cast them as undemo-
cratico FiIrtherTY1ore H. iS q
gross insult to millions of
graduates of religious schools
to be classified as undemo-
cratic.
The argument that there
may be a time when each
church establishes its own
school is totally unrealistic
in light Of the trend among
many Protestant denomina-
Evening star., 1961-03-01

carefully If you are an in
terested citizen.
o. r. Strackbein
Chairman, the Nation
Wide Committee of In
dustry, Agriculture and
Labor on Import-Export
Policy.
Evening star., 1961-03-01
PARIS.

1A1t4Os
In the carefully-worded
communique issued after the
meeting between Gen.
Charles de Gaulle and Tu-
nisia's Habib Bourguiba here,
one sentence stands out.
"The Algerian question was
widely discussed in the light
Of recent developments and
in the perspective Of the fu-
ture Of North Africa"
In asking themselves what
recent developments" par
ticularly interested the two
leaders, observers here have
been struck by the first pub
lie statements of the new
King of Morocco, Hassan II.
Receiving a delegation of Tu-
nisians who had come to
offer their condolences on
the death Of his father, the
young King said:
"I wholly approve the ini-
tiative of President Bour-
guiba which I am sure will
be crowned with success.
Morocco supports entirely
the effort he is making for
the liberation Of Algeria be-
cause Morocco, Tunisia and
Algeria form an indivisible
whole"
And finally the most strik-
ing phrase of all: II will be
happy to meet President
Bourguiba tomorrow because
I look on him as my father"
With the disappearance Of
personal rivalries and antag-
onisms, the perspective for
a solution of the Algerian
problem has taken on a new
and hopeful dimension.
The clear implication Is
that Gen. de Gaulle and Mr..
Bourguiba have been discus
sing the Algerian question in
terms of q new possibility Of
a political confederation link
ing an independent Algeria
with Tunisia and Morocco.
An idea which a few days
ago seemed like a remote
concept has now emerged as
the most logical and practi-
cal solution to the problems
of all three countries and Of
France as well.
Obstacle to Union
While he lived. Mohammed
v Of Morocco represented
the surest guarantee Of polit-
ical stability in Morocco. His
prestige and authority will
not be automatically passed
on to his young son. But
while he lived he also repre-
Sented the major stumbling
block to political unification
OF what was formerly French
North Africa.
AS a rival Of Mr.. Bourguiba
for leadership of the area.
Mohammed'S relations with
his Tunisian colleague were
often anything but cordial,
Though both supported the
Algerian rebellion - and
served as hosts to the en-
battled Algerian Nationalists
their aims and policies
often were at cross purposes,
In recent months the once
staunchly pro-WeStern Mo-
hammed had leaned heavily
on the Russians for political
support and military aid.
Though a member of the
Gaullist Companions of Lib
Grafton, his connections with
President de Gaulle himself
were strained.
Evening star., 1961-03-01
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDriters' correct
names and addresses. All let
ters are subject to condensd-
tton. Those not used tDill be
returned only t0hen accom-
panied by self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-03-01
Reds and Lumumbo

What is all the furor con-
corning the demise Of Com
munist Lumumba and several
Of his cohorts? We should
be elated that there are q
few less Communists in this
world. Our Government Off
cials are shocked and horrj-
fled" and have publicly de-
plored the disposal Of these
men. When Russia committed
atrociouS crimes against non
Communists in Hungary, and
Cuba was dispoSing of Cas-
tro's opponents, we accepted
these maSsacres rather mild
ly in comparison. Even when
the Communist criminals shot
down our planes and either
killed or imprisoned our own
American men, we politely
sent strong notes" to the
Russians. protesting their
misbehavior.
We should keep the dread
full crimes of the Communists
before the people Of all ma
tionS constantly, never letting
any nation forget the ruth
lessnesS Of the men in the
Kremlin and Of their ever
striving to reach the goal Of
world domination at any cost.
The murder of missionaries
and the rape Of women in the
Congo were given a few inches
in the newspapers, but the
death Of Lumumba was given
large headlines. What is hap
pening to our sense Of right
and wrong in this country?
A. L. Bell.
- -
Tremendous publicity has
been given to the assassina-
ton Of Patrice Lumumba,
former stooge Of the Com
munist bloc. However, no
such wild demonstrations
took place around the world
when his henchmen MUIR
dered whites and blacks alike.
Is the death Of one man q
greater crime than the muir
der Of hundreds Of innocent
people? Are the secretary
general Of the United Ma
tionS or the Belgians or even
citizens Of the United States
responsible for his death?
It is an old Communist
trick to accuse others Of q
crime for which they them
selves are fully responsible.
I'll bet q dollar to q dime
that the Soviet secret police
figured in this crime. 1t is
deplorable that we are so
naive about such things.
Guy M. StOnestreet.
Evening star., 1961-03-01
WATCHING THE WORLD
LooicoI Solution for North Africa
By CROSBY S. NOYEt
Foreisn Correspondent Of The Stor

Hassan II seems to have
inherited few Of the COM
plexeS and preoccupationS
that beset his father. Though
the Prince has been closely
involved with the govern
ment for many months, he
apparently is setting out to
strike a new line Of his own,
with emphasis on North
African unity and his filial
relationship to Mr.. Bour-
guiba.
It remains very much to be
seen, however, how well he
will be able to secure his
hold on his job and control
the violently leftist and ma
tionalist elements which sur
round him. 1t may be that
the prospect Of confedera-
ton which is now opening
up could prove to be the
salvation of the insecure
young King.
Favorable Aspects
There Is every reason. too,
why this prospect should also
have a powerful appeal to
Gen. de Gaulle. Apart from
his taste for imposing con-
federations"-a phrase which
he applies to his concept Of
a united Western Europe
political union of North At
rica would enormously ease
the problem of Algerian in
dependence. Close links with
Tunisia and Morocco would
provide the best possible
guarantee Of continuing close
links between a newly inde-
pendent Algeria and France
itself. A restraining and
moderating influence auto
matically would be placed on
Algerian Nationalist leader
ship. From the point Of view
of. French public opinion. 1t
would be far easier to accept
Algerian independence as
part of a larger political
structure than as the tri-
umph Of a narrow national
ism.
At the same time a con-
federation would radically
change the outlook on other
related problems. The thorny
question Of the future of the
Sahara, for instance, in which
all four countries claim q vi
tai and permanent interest,
would lose much Of its heat.
And the chances of a real CO.
operative economic effort in
volving the French-oriented
countries of Black Africa
south of the Sahara would
become a practical possibility.
The great question, of
course, is the attitude Of the
Algerian Nationalists them
selves. 1t remains to be seen
how warmly they will well
come the idea of q confeder-
alton which inevitably would
place restrictions on their
own authority and freedom
Of action. At any rate Mr..
Bourguiba, who knows these
Algerian leaders as well as
anyone, was buoyantly opti-
mistic as he left Paris for
Morocco.
Il hope" he said, that on
the Algerian side they will
take into account the great
issues that are at stake and
that the responsible Algefiaf1s
will show the necessary un-
derstanding to lead to a con-
clusion the great victory on
which the stability Of Africa
depends"
Evening star., 1961-03-01
Answers to Questions
By THE HASKINS SERVICE

ny The HAShINS SERVICE
reader can get an answer. BY
writing The Star Information Bu-
reau, 636 r street NV, WashinGton
4, D. c. Please inclose return post
age Or self-addressed, stamped
Evening star., 1961-08-14
Storekeeper Wounded
But FoiIs 3 Bandits

Three Washington men were
being held in $4,000 bond each
today after their speedy arrest
in connection with a liquor
store holdup in which the
operator was shot and wounded.
Refusing to be intimidated
by a 20 caliber revolver, Ray
mond F. Cunningham, AZ, was
wounded in the left shoulder
and specifically in the back
as one Of the bandits began
firing in the Security Liquor
Store, 1913 Georgia avenue
NV. Mr.. Cunningham was ad-
mitted to Washington Hospital
Center.
With the help of a cab
driver, police rounded up the
suspects within three hours of
the Saturday midnight shoot
ing. Held on assault and robbery
intent charges were Lewis w.
Mitchell, 81, of the 300 block
of M street NV, his brother,
Luther P. Mitchell, 81, of the
1900 block of Parkwood place
NV, and James H. Faulkner,
81, Of the 5000 block of
Holmead place NV.
1t. Orville L. Erfert Of the
Robbery Squad said Luther
Mitchell was sitting in a cab
near the store, posing as a de-
tective, while the other two
Evening star., 1961-08-14

went in, Lewis Mitchell holding
a revolver.
Subjected to two robberies in
the past three years, Mr.. Cum
ningham reached under a
counter for a wooden club. The
gunman began firing, then fled
with the second man, 1t. Erfert
said.
eanwhile, Detective
Mitchell, hearing the shots, told
the cabbie to let him out, drive
around the block, and pick him
up after he had investigated" /"
1t. Erfert said.
Doing what he was told, the
hacker picked up his fare,
drove him to several addresses
and released him at his home.
He then called police, asking
that his name be withheld.
The three men were arrested
by Tenth Precinct Detectives
Paul R. Cation, Edward j.
White and Pvt. Henry F. Bader,
and arraigned early yesterday
before Municipal Court Judge
Andrew j. Howard.
Additional robbery charges
were placed against Luther
Mitchell and Faulkner, 1t.
Erfert said, in connection with
a STAB holdup of the K Street
Garage, 1912 K street NV,
last Wednesday.
Evening star., 1961-08-14
District Alone in Area
Meets Dispersal Plan

problems that must be resolved
soon.
Montgomery County defense
co-ordinator, Admiral G. Roy
Hartwig, feels his Offices
location in the county office
building at Rockville makes
provision of a relocation site
a less pressing problem than
is faced by localities head
quartered closer to the District.
The county, however, has
been considering establish
ing alternative headquarters
around Gaithersburg, he said.
CentreviIle Assigned
Inspector r. H. MCCARTHY,
Fairfax County defense co-ordi-
nator, said Fairfax, under the
Virginia State defense plan,
has been assigned a place in the
Centreville firehouse, which has
not been equipped. The county,
he said, is now considering US
ing the new police headquar-
ters near the Fairfax Court
house.
Arlington Civil Defense Di-
rector L. j. Stocker said the
county's Prince William County
school house relocation site is
not equipped.
Prince Georges currently has
no definite relocation site, but
has considered building de-
fense headquarters somewhere
in the county, Col. Arthur G.
Hamilton, deputy civil defense
director, said.
Falls Church currently has
no set relocation point.
Evening star., 1961-08-14
BY JOHN NEARY
Star Staff Writer

Provision for a relocation site
for each government in the
Washington area is theoreti-
cally part of each local civil
defense plan.
theoretically. each of the
governments, exUept for Falls
Church, has a designated site
where its government will go to
maintain continuity during an
enemy attack.
A check OF local civil defense
Officials reveals, however, only
one of the seven Metropolitan
Area jurisdictions is doing any
thing to provide facilities for
operating their relocation sites
This is the District of Colum-
bia, which has been preparing
its Lorton (Va.) relocation site
for several years. The Dis
trict'S civil defense director
George r. Rodericks, recently
asked the District Commission
erS to step up completion OF
the facility, as well as eStab-
fishing alternative sites in
Maryland.
Alexandria Pressed
Maryland and Virginia locali-
ties, while most officials know
where they are supposed to go,
have done nothing about it.
AleXandria's civil defense
chief, Col. Norman Hartman,
has called outfitting the city's
Dumfries site one of the major
Evening star., 1961-08-14
FutuI Crash Laid
To Metal Fatigue

Fatigue fracture" of a main
rotor blade caused the Chicago
helicopter crash in which 13
persons were killed last year,
the Civil Aeronautics Board
said today.
The helicopter crashed on the
night of July 27, 1860, on a
flight from Chicago's Midway
Airport to O'Hare Airport.
The board said it's investiga-
ton showed that a 19-foot Sec
ton of one of the main blades
broke off while the craft was
at 1,500 feet. This left a stub
section about 4 feet long still
attached to the helicopter rotor
shaft.
Moments later, the tail rotor
separated, the helicopter spun
around, crashed nose down and
burst into flames. The two
crew members and all IL pas
SengerS were killed.
The CAB said it was unable
to determine why the weakness
developed.
Evening star., 1961-08-14
Douglas Has Suggestion
For Martin: Resign

more realistically with our in
ternational balance Of pay
ments problem"
Recommendations Raped
Matt S. Szymczak, who re-
tired this year as a member of
the Federal Reserve Board,
testified against many of the
commissions recommendations
on the Federal Reserve.
Earlier Mr.. Wilde defended
the Commission against charges
that its proposals would build
up the Presidents economic
power at the expense of Con-
gress and the Federal Reserve
Board.
Noting the wide range of
viewpoints represented by the
commissions members, COM
posed of business, financial
and economic experts, Mr..
Wilde called the report "a con-
sensuS of economic judgment
as it exists today in America"
One of the commissions ma
jor proposals calls for legisla-
ton empowering the President
to combat initiation and recess
sion by raising the 20 per cent
first-bracket tax rate on per-
sonal income to Is per cent or
lowering the rate to Is per cent
for up to one year. The rate
change would take effect unless
vetoed by Congress within go
days.
Mr.. Wilde conceded in his
prepared testimony that this
proposal, when looked at su-
perficially," appears to "usurp
the power of Congress to levy
taxes" Actually, he maintained,
the proposal does no such thing,
but rather ''it is an extension
of congressional power to be
used by the President only in
times of economic stress. . :"
Evening star., 1961-08-14
ON WHEELS
Miles per KiIowott, Etc.
By CHARLES YARBRoUGH

selected as Veterinarian of
the Year" by the American
Veterinary Medical Association.
Edward GOttleib and AssO-
ciates of New York quotes DR..
De Camp as saying in SUBJ
stance. you can so teach an
old dog new tricks-such as
travelling in cars.
The doctor even recommends
that older dogs who are very
sensitive to neglect, be taken
along on motor trips.
This should start with a pre-
trip checkup for Fido; being
sure that if your trip means
crossing several States, that
you have a certificate showing
the dogs inoculations.
Because of the diversity be-
tween regulations of Individual
States in the type of rabies vac
cine, it might be a good idea
to write the various State
boards of health to qualify the
dog.
Then the training period
starts. If the dog is car-shy,
take him through the standing
car without the motor running.
After a few such ventures,
feed him meals with his plate
on the floor of the car; start
the motor to show him there's
nothing to fear.
Then take him for a ride.
Don't worry about fleas in
the upholstery. There's a pill
for that.
There are also pills for car
sickness, even in dogs.
4 y
If you can weather through
another 10 years of 30-to-40-
cent gasoline, there is hope in
sight.
Victor G. RaviOle, executive
director of Ford's engineering
staff, tells the Chiffon Com
pany's automotive magazine,
Motor Age, that a so per cent
increase in gasoline mileage is
possible within the next 10
years."
This will come about, he
says, through a completely new
combustion process now under
Evening star., 1961-08-14

Entirely within the realm OF
logic, the Potomac Electric
Power Co., is keeping an eye
on its Virginia counterpart's
experience with an electric
automobile.
VEPCO in Richmond has q
meter-reader who goes very,
very quietly on his rounds in
an electric-powered, French
built Renault Dauphine. A doz-
en- 6-volt batteries, stored in
the front-end luggage space
and in the rear compartment
where the gasoline engine was,
gives the neat, red little car a
top speed of 80 miles an hour.
It has a range of only 80
miles, but re-charging the bat
terieS is a simple matter of
plugging into any 110-volt out
let.
The Dauphine still has the
original transmission, but it is
locked in second gear for nor
NAL running. We didn't read
any particular significance into
a spokesman's comment that
"it can be unlocked in case the
car has to be towed."
The modification to electric
ity was done by the Eureka
Williams Corp, in Blooming
ton, Ill. The car was shipped
to Atlantic City and driven
from there to Richmond less
than a year ago.
We've had no trouble we
didn't anticipate" the spokes-
man said. That was a mere
matter of installing heavy-duty
batteries.
The Atlantic City Electric
Co., has a pair of similarly
modified automobiles on a trial
basis, but neither Richmond
nor Atlantic City is prepared,
at the moment, to say whether
kilowatts or gasoline is the
best for the money.
\ 4 \
At the risk of repetition, we
know a man who once took
his vacation at home because
his dog suffered from car sick
ness.
Humane, yes. But it was a
waste of good vacation time,
according to DIR. C. E. De Camp,
Evening star., 1961-08-14
Anti-kikoyan
Protest Fails

TOKYO, Aug. IA CAP). = A
demonstration by right-wing
extremists protesting the ar
rival of Soviet First Deputy
Premier Anastas Mikoyan fiz-
zled today.
Some 1900 anti-Mikoyan
demonstrators clashed with po-
lice Friday. Today 1000 police
the largest ever modified for
a visitor-turped out to protect
the Soviet official at the air.
port and along the 10-mile
route to the Soviet Embassy.
Only II rightists appeared at
the airport for the Russians
arrival. They carried banners
reading RED Devil Mikoyan'
and "Mikoyan Go Home" which
the police tore down after a
brief scuffle.
Two thousand cheering left:
wingers were on hand and
another 5000 lined the ap-
proaches to the airport, waving
Red Hammer and Sickle flags
and banners and singing the
Communist Internationale.
A few thousand curious on
lockers were thinly scattered
along the road into the city
as the motorcade dashed along
at high speed. The police had
cleared the route and kept
back the normally heavy traf-
fic.
Mr.. Mikoyan, first top-rank-
ing Soviet official to visit ia
pan, came officially to open a
Soviet trade fair. During his
nine-day stay he will call on
Foreign Minister Zentaro Ko-
saka and Minister of Interna-
tional Trade and Industry Ell
saku Sato. He is expected too
dangle prospects of expanded
Soviet-Japanese trade before
Tokyo businessmen and to try
to loosen Japan's political and
economic ties with the West.