davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-11-10
Fost-GroWinq Howard

The expansion needs of Howard
University, as outlined to the Commits
sioners the other day by President
James M. Nabrit, jr., are formidable in
deed, and fully deserving of whatever
assistance the city can reasonably give.
The immediate problem is to find an
adequate site for the new university
hospital which Congress has authorized
to replace Freedmen's. But hardly less
pressing is the need for new classrooms.
dormitorieS and library and storage
space. Beyond this, university enroll
ments are increasing by leaps and
bounds. Possibly, Dr. Nabrit believes.
the current enrolment figure could dou
BILE by 1970-provided expanded facili-
ties are available
1t is DR.. Nabrit'S hope that Howard
might become the center of an urban
renewal project, and that the processes
OF renewal could serve both to make
building sites available for expansion
and to clean up the environs. The Com
missionerS were not unsympathetic to
this desire, for certainly there are
Evening star., 1961-11-10
Rockets Over the Andes

Modern airpower, packed into the
rocket-firing armament of three jet
propelled fighter planes, appears to
have resolved Latin Americas latest
outbreak of political instability, but
evaluation of the end results is much
less simple.
Holding Noffice today as President
of Ecuador is DR.. Carlos AroSemena,
elected last year to the vice presidency
and sworn into the higher post yester-
day on the basis of a congressional
proclamation bearing the effective in
dorsement of rocket-firing Ecuadorian
Air Force units. In asylum is his
predecessor, Velasco Ibarra, who holds
the unusual record of having been
elected four times to the presidency,
while lasting through only one full term.
On this latest occasion, his four-year
term ended at approximately fourteen
months when he submitted his resigna-
ton early this week.
In country where political up
heaval is not unusual, the latest course
Of events in Ecuador reflects a basic
and distressing set of conditions that
is present in many neighboring nations
to the South. Under continuing threat
Of initiation, Ecuador has been squeezed
economically between falling prices for
its exports and rising costs of its
essential imports. In an effort to bring
greater order and strength to the
economy, President Ibarra had initiated
a program Of tax revision that had irri-
tated both the wealthy minority and the
unwealthy majority. The fact that one
of his objectives apparently was to
qualify his country for participation in
President Kennedy'S cooperative Alli-
ance for Progress program in the
Western Hemisphere provided even
greater incentive to Communist and
fellow-traveling factions to light the
backfire which forced Mr. Ibarra's
resignation. When DR.. AroSemena joined
the Ibarra critics, the President charged
him with Communist SympathieS.
In the showdown that followed, the
military, so often a Self-appointed
political arbiter in Latin American
nations, also split over succession to
the preSidency-witht the Army backing
Supreme Court President Camilo Gal
legos Toledo and the Air Force un-
leashing its rockets in favor of DR..
AroSemena. The rockets prevailed
quickly, and DR.. AroSemena's initial step
upon being assured of office-that of
naming middle-of the-road cabinet
in which there is no Communist or
Socialist representation - offers some
promise that a really leftiSt takeover is
not imminent. Whether this hope will
survive, and whether the new govern
ment can or will establish either eco
nomic or political stability, are i'm
portant questions which will have to be
answered in the near future.
Evening star., 1961-11-10
LETTERS TO THE STAR

ing Negro labor, political and
civic leaders, have lost conf
dence in the AFL-CIO'S ef-
forts toward racial discrim-
ination.
I don't think that I mis-
represent the general feeling
of Negroes throughout Amer
lea about the AFL-CIO when
I say that If Mr.. Slaiman's
letter means he's one of our
friends, God save us from
our enemies.
c. Sumner Stone, Jr.
Editor. Washington Afro
American.
Evening star., 1961-11-10
Liberty and the DucktoiI

A great big issue has come to boil
in Perry, Georgia. The school board
there has ruled in favor of suspending
boy for sporting a ducktail haircut.
His father and mother however, have
come to his defense with stirring refer
enees to immortal documents like the
Declaration of Independence and the
Bill of Rights.
We presume that our readers know
what ducktail hairdo looks like, and
so we will not waste words in trying to
describe it. We prefer, instead, to give
as much space as we can to what the
boys Nom and Dad say about him (his
name is Stanley. Thus, as Nom has put
it, why, If Stanley is willing to stand
the ridicule, he has the right to wear
Chinese queue or to go to a beauty
shop and get a permanent" And the
lads sire has solemnly and somberly
enlarged upon this thought as follows:
"The right of choice was won when
CORVALLIS surrendered to General
Washington at Yorktown, and mean
to defend that right. . Nothing has
ever worried me as much as this. With
our freedom being challenged by COM
munism on all the world fronts, the
least we can do is fight to protect our
rights at home"
Accordingly, Stanley'S Dad has
served notice that he is ready to carry
his case to the highest court in
the land. Well, although the ducktail
affectation must be numbered among
the most repulsive phenomena of our
time (Cornwallis and George Washing
ton surely would have joined arms to
stamp out the thing had they ever seen
it), the parental defense of it serves at
least to give all of us some relief That
is to say, it serves to ease the tensions
of the cold war and the uneaSineSS
caused by what we've been reading
about such things as thermonuclear tests
and fallout.
Let us think of Stanley at moment
like this. Let us imagine how proud he
must feel of his Nom and Pop as they
make clear not only to Perry, Georgia,
but to all the world how determined
they are to resort to the laws most
majestic and stuffiest processes to insure
that he will continue to enjoy the
liberty to look as silly as he wants to
look whenever he wishes. God bless
America, free from shore to shore and in
its outermost isles! And God saye her!
Evening star., 1961-11-10
Racial Glass House.?

Many Negroes undoubtedly
felt a twinge of amusement
and, if you will, modified
disgust, when they read the
letter from Donald Slaiman,
assistant director of the
AFL-CIO's Department of
Civil Rights, in which he de-
fends the coming Route 40
CORE rides.
While he tosses rocks at
The Star for rationalizing
the prejudices of others, he
is in a peculiar glass house
Of racial prejudice himself.
The facts are that Mr..
Slaiman occupies a job for
merly held by a Negro, that
the AFL-CIO's Department
Of Civil Rights has been sing
gularly unsuccessful in re-
ducing racial discrimination
in unions, that the AFL-CIO
itself continues to practice
the most unconscionable ra-
cial discrimination against
Negroes and that Negroes
throughout America, includ-
Evening star., 1961-11-10

stated that she had made a
comprehensive door-to-door
campaign in the Mt. Pleas
ant-Columbia Heights areas
and found many residents
who have plenty of guns
around" and that robberies,
murders and crime have in
creased. Does anybody know
Of a section of Washington
and vicinity where they have
not increased? A so-called
petition was taken around a
limited area last summer,
asking whether Barney House
would be acceptable. The ma
jority of the streets were not
solicited. 1t was also stated
that some of our citizens
think it might turn Mt.
Pleasant into a "slum."
The director indicated
strongly that for her pur-
poses it had already become
one! We do not agree with
her. This is not a relocation
center for persons forced to
move from Southwest, and
restoration and improvement
are constantly taking place.
Property is highly valued and
assessed and requires a def
mite standard of living. It is
still against the law to crowd
several families into one
house intended for a me-
dium- sized family.
Adjacent property owners
have objected to Barney
House locating in several
places here because of settle
ment house activities. One
has only to look around to
be aware of other parts of
Washington where such an
institution would serve a use
full purpose. Mt. Pleasant is
not one of them.
Vida Ord Alexander.
Secretary. Mt. Pleasant
Citizens Association.
Evening star., 1961-11-10
Mount Pleasant Residents Resent sIum sJur .

When Barney Settlement
House was forced to move
from Southwest Washington
by urban renewal a survey
was made to relocate it in a
section where the need for
such an institution was OBJ
vious, and the residents
would give it their full sup
port. The Ada m s-Morgan
Project, a renewal area
bounded by Columbia Road,
10th Street and Florida Ave-
nue., was considered, but this
section did not encourage a
settlement house.
Mount Pleasant, the first
real suburb of Washington,
was developed over a hundred
years ago. 1t contained villas.
some of which are still well
preserved, and a small farm
or two. 1t is bounded by 10th
street, Harvard street. Adams
Mill road, the Zoo, and Rock
Creek Park. Mt. Pleasant
street is it's only business
thoroughfare. All 9th e r
streets are strictly zoned for
residences. Like all neighbor-
hoods, it has altered over the
years. A few large houses
have been remodeled into
apartments. Most of the
homes are of the row or
town" type, with ample
porches and large backyards
and gardens. Its perimeter on
the northwest merges into
Rock Creek Park - one of
the most beautiful parks in
the world. Although primari-
ly a community of hometown
erS, there are some attractive
apartment houses, some re-
Gently modernized.
The acute need for a set
tlement house here is not ap-
parent to the residents, 1t
has been admitted by the
Barney Settlement House ad-
Evening star., 1961-11-10
Soviet and Sparta

The White House state
ment that Soviet tests of
their big nuclear bombs is
rather a political than a mil
itary action is confirmed by
Nikita Khrushchev himself.
On January IA, 1861, he told
the Supreme Soviet: The
Soviet army now possesses a
potential and fire-power
greater than any army up to
the present day. Our atomic
weapons are so numerous
that we can easily wipe any
country off the map"
This quote substantiates
also the conclusion of the
White House that the testing
of the Soviet device is pri-
marily an Indictment to
fright and panic in the cold
war.
b But there are good reasons
to believe that Khrushchev's
acting is inspired not less by
the fear he and his party
must have not only of the
Free World and the Soviet
enslaved nations. but also of
their own oppressed popula-
ton. The Soviets must have
a collective guilt complex, as
the ancient bellicose Spartans
had. Although a leading pow
er militarily, Spartans had
fear of their own subjugated
population-helotS. Under the
cover of night the Spartans
used to murder individual
helots. The Spartans mass
executed thousands of able
bodied, brave helots after
having invited them to join
voluntarily Spartan armed
forces. The Spartan state
tore away children from their
parents to train them for
warfare purposes only.
The ruthless activities of
the Soviet secret police are
akin to Spartan terroristic
policies. And these cannot
but produce fear of redemp-
ton within those who prac-
tice crime.
The grandeur of Sparta
fell to dust. If historic paral-
lels are true, nothing else
can be expected for the So
Wet empire, too.
Karlis Kalnins.
Evening star., 1961-11-10

vocates that the majority of
the children who will fire.
quent it live on the east side
OF l4th street. 1t is true that
there are many foreigners
now in Mt. Pleasant, as it is
also true there are many liv-
ing in all sections of the
Northwest and have been
since World War II. Due to
the proximity of the embas-
sizes, quite a few are en-
ployed in them and agencies
of foreign governments, who
are not likely to use the IA
cilities of a settlement house.
At the present time some
houses are occupied by ten
ants Of landlords who do not
keep them in proper repair,
therefore attracting some I'M
desirables. The District of
Columbia Government agen-
cies under whose jurisdiction
such violations fall are in
sisting that the landlord
owners must either put their
property in good condition or
have it condemned.
Tenants will be forced to
move if they cannot live in
peace with their neighbors.
Mt. Pleasant welcomes re-
spectacle families and per-
sons of all races but it will
not tolerate vice, law break
ers, unsanitary and filthy
surroundings or other illegal
practices which do not con-
form to decent living stand
ards. These things are still
against the law and persons
living in beautiful, estab-
liShed communities should
know this and either con-
form or get out.
In a recent article in The
Star on Barney Settlement
House relative to the United
Givers Fund, of which it is a
beneficiary, the directo r
Evening star., 1961-11-10
v. Board Of Education Q947) ,

v. Board Of Education Q947) ,
the Supreme Court said:
THE establishment Of reli-
gion' clause of the First
Amendment means at least
this: Neither State nor the
Federal Government can set
up a church. Neither can
pass laws which aid one
religion, aid all religions, or
prefer one religion over an
other. Neither can force nor
influence a person to go to
or remain away from church
against his will or force him
to profess a belief or disbelief
in any religion. No tax in
any amount, large or small
can be levied to support any
religious activities or institu-
tionS, whatever they may be
called, or whatever form they
may adopt to teach or prac-
tice religion"
C. Stanley Lowell.
+ -
There was one error made
in the printing of my recent
letter November ID. The
amount Of money granted
under the Hill-Burton Act
for the construction Of Cath
olic, Protestant and Jewish
hospitals is over $500 million
and not SO million.
James A. Miller.
Evening star., 1961-11-10

Pen names may be used If
letters carry tDriterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
ters are subject to condenSd-
ton. Those not used ,DH be
returned only tDhen accom-
panied By self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-11-10
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
EDGE of Universe Is Far Out
By THOMAS R. HENRY

characteristic effects on light
passing through them from
very distant objects.
The Milky Way galaxy is
surrounded by a vast halo
extending billions of miles
into surrounding space.
The diameter of the suns
corona is at least 10 times
that of the sun itself.
Very distant parts of Gre
alton are much more crowd
ed than nearby more visible
regions. .r
Great mountains rise from
the floor Of the Indian Ocean.
This has just been report
ed to the Soviet Academy of
Sciences following explora-
tions by the Russian oceano-
graphic research ship Vityaz,
covering 27,000 miles with re-
search carried out at about
$50 stations.
A translation of the report
has just been issued through
the United States Depart
ment of Commerce.
"A large submarine noun
tain was discovered on the
last voyage" says the report.
1t is situated $50 nautical
miles to the southeast of
Ceylon. 1t now has been es-
tabliShed that this is. a ma
jor volcanic cone with sever
al peaks.
"a deep trench was dis
covered in the vicinity of the
ChagoS Islands. 1t has steep
slopes and a flat floor and
is about 5000 feet deep. The
newly found mountain peak
rises more than three kilo-
meters above adjacent por-
tionS of the ocean floor. The
charts show a depth of more
than $4,000 feet at its crest.
Submarine Mountain Range
"A series of other subma-
rine mountains with eleva-
tions of 5000 to 1000 feet
have been discovered. At
depths of four to five kilo-
meters in the central part of
the ocean were found large
accumulations of manganese
ore. In several places the floor
is covered completely by this
rock.
"The hydrologistS made ex-
tensive studies if the princi-
pal currents of the Indian
Ocean. They found several of
considerable velocity at
depths of 1900 to 5000 feet.
THE expedition biologists
have found a number of rare
species of animal life that
were completely unknown to
science and have compiled
maps of the distribution of
this fauna. Hydrogen sulfide
contamination Of the water
was found in the Arabian Sea
and the Gulf of Bengal. This
phenomenon was known pre-
viously only in certain land
locked seas. 1t accounts for
sporadic starvation of fish in
these areas"
Evening star., 1961-11-10

@. Why do people take a
seventh inning stretch" at
baseball games?-T. F.
A. Various origins of the
stretch have been published,
each succeeding one taking
the custom further back in
time. Manhattan College in
New York City not long ago
credited the idea of the
stretch to Brother Jasper, its
first moderator of athletics.
Ne used the device in 1882
and thereafter to ease tension
and signs of unrest in the
student body attending home
games, many of which were
played at the old Polo
Grounds. T..
Evening star., 1961-11-10

Anglo-American probing"
of Andrei Gromyko has
merely increased the anxiety
and misgiving in Paris and
Bonn.
Surely the time has arrived
to stop arguing over the
principle Of possible negotia-
ton. Whether or not nego-
tiation is possible depends
really on whether the Allies
are able to reach agreement
among themselves on what
the result should be. Until
a firm Allied position on
Berlin and Germany is
agreed on, it is pointless to
continue the debate over
tactics.
New DefinatiOn of Aims
Developing a common pol
icy, furthermore, involves
something more than merely
drawing up a list of possible
concessions which the West
might make in return for new
guarantees in Berlin and rul-
ing out others. It involves, in
fact, a new definition of Al
lied aims in Central Europe.
The root Of the problem lies
in the fact that old West
ern aim Of reuniting Ger
many through free elections
has been scrapped by the
Kennedy Administration as
unrealiStic. But nothing more
realistic or more acceptable
has been found to take its
place.
Until the Kennedy admin
istration is able to work out
a clear and coherent Ger
man policy of its own, it is
most unlikely that the divi-
sions between the Allies will
miraculouSly heal themselves.
But if any serious thought is
being given to this problem
in Washington, it has not
been reflected in the recent
statements of administration
leaders.
The coming visit of Chan
cellor Adenauer to Washing
ton will provide an oppor-
tunity, no doubt, to make a
start in this direction. In
addition, however, a great
deal more consultation on at
least the foreign ministers
level will be necessary.
Evening star., 1961-11-10
Our Strenqth

I was amazed to read Pres
dent Kennedy's statement
assuring all that our military
strength is more than ade-
quate. Is he not the same
man who so recently was tell
ing the whole world of the
abject weakness of our mill
tary establishment? His sue
cess in convincing millions of
Americans of our weakness
could possibly be the reason
why a very important Rus
sian remains skeptical. And
can you really blame Khru-
shchev?
Grace E. Callahan.
In his November 2 state
ment President Kennedy said:
In terms of total military
strength. the United States
would not trade places with
any nation on earth" One
cannot easily forget Candi-
date Kennedy's oft-repeated
assertions that we were in a
position of military inferior
ity ato the Soviets. Such
phrases as missile gap"
arms gap," military weak
ness" etc. were repeated by
him over a period of months.
1t is a little naive to expect
us to believe that he has
succeeded in bridging this
supposed gap" since he
came to office.
Lawrence A. Cohen.
Evening star., 1961-11-10
WATCHING THE WORLD
A Common Allied Policy Needed
BY CROSBY S. NOYE:
Foreien corespondent Of ne Stor.

PARIS
If Premier KhrushcheV's
patience over the problem of
Berlin is not yet exhausted
the patience Of Western lead
ers over the problem Of their
own internal divisions ought
to have run out long since.
If Mr.. Khrushchev is really
disposed at this point to
grant the West another re-
prieve, it is up to these West
ern leaders to put it to good
use. Quite obviously, the time
has come to stop pickering
about tactics and get down
to a serious effort to develop
a common policy with which
to confront the Russians, if
and when the moment of
conformation finally ar
rives.
To say that no common
policy exists is to put it
mildly. Since last August,
when the four Western for
eign ministers met in Paris
with the avowed purpose of
forging a united 'front.'" the
picture has grown steadily
worse. At that meeting, the
Allies found themselves
sharply divided on the ques-
ton of whether they should
seek negotiations or not, with
the British and the Ameri-
cans in favor and the Ger
mans and the French op-
posed. Everything that has
happened since then has
served to convince the op-
posing parties that they were
right-to harden their posi-
tions and widen the gap in
what has been from the be-
ginning a rather sterile dis
pute.
Each on It's Own
During this period, there
has been no pretense what
ever of a co-ordinated West
ern strategy. Each of the
Allies has been acting strictly
on his own, often despite the
explicit protest of one part
ner or another. The objec-
tionS of President de Gaulle
and Chancellor Adenauer
have had the effect of irri-
tating rather than persuading
the leaders in Washington
and London. And the patient
Evening star., 1961-11-10

The radius of the observ-
able universe lately has
been extended to approxi-
mately 36,000,0O0, 900, 900, ,OO0-
100000 miles.
This is the distance ira
versed by light at a speed of
about 100000 miles a second
in six billion years. 1t is three
times the previously known
radius. Consequently tn e
known volume of Creation is
increased 81 times.
This accomplishment of
the relatively new radio as
tronomy is reported by DR..
G. j. Stanley of California
Institute of Technology to
the Office of Naval Research
on Cal-Tech's Owens Valley,
Calf, radio observatory which
was constructed with Navy
financial support.
Radio Emissions Heard
The observatory staff'S
major program is to identify
sources of very faint radio
emissions in the distan t
heavens with objects visible
through the most powerful
existing telescopes. Such in
general turn out to be "iS-
land universes" of billions of
stars far beyond the Milky
Way galaxy of which the solar
system is a minute part, of
remnants of great star ex-
ploSions millions of years ago
in that galaxy itself.
The enormous expansion
of the observable size of Gre
alton, says DR.. Stanley's re-
port, depends on observations
of an "object" known as &C
995 in the star constellation
of BooteS, the herdsman. in
the northern heavens. The
same constellation contains
the very bright star Arcturus,
25 times the size of the sun.
From a point in the general
area of BooteS very faint ra-
dio emissions were detected.
Photographs of this poin t
taken with the giant Mount
Palomar telescope with two
hour exposures showed a tiny
blurred speck surrounded by
numerous i'll = d efine d and
fainter dots. All of these are
thought to be extremely dis
tant billion-star galaxies.
ALI these galaxies are NOV
ing outward from the posi-
ton of the Milky Way galaxy
at enormous speeds. This was
shown by measuring the So
called Doppler effect on sue
ceeding nights the fact
that wave-lengths from a re-
ceding source of light become
longer. Those from 3C-995
showed the very great shift
from the invisible ultraviolet
to visible green wave-lengths.
indicating enormous velocity
of motion.
This means" says the re-
port, that the observed
galaxy is receding at the phe-
nomenal rate of almost half
the speed of light. According
to the velocity distance rela-
tionship (Speed of outward
motion increases at a steady
rate with distance) this rep
resents a distance of 6 billion
light years"
More than 200 similar ex-
tra-galactic radio sources
now are known, says the re-
port, and close study is be-
ing given selected ones. Up to
now % radio sources have
been detected in our own gal
axy which are considered al
most undoubtedly to be
remnants of "super-nova" ex-
plosions. Every now and then
an obscure star like the sun
blows up with enormous vio-
lence and leaves only vast ag-
gregations Of dust and gas.
Other findings described in
the report to the Navy:
Vast clouds of cold hydro
gen" in space which have