davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-03-16
Bold Voice From Berlin

Willy Brandt, West Berlin's indom-
liable mayor and Social Democratic
candidate for Chancellor of the Federal
Republic, has left no doubt during his
visit in Washington that loyalty to the
Western community is durable BIZ
partisan commitment in the free Ger
man nation.
In public appearances on teleViSion
and as after dinner speaker, and pre-
sumably in his meetings with President
Kennedy and other top officials of our
Government, the 47-year-old journalist
politician has made it clear that the
September elections offer nothing that
could possibly encourage Moscow or its
satellites in hope that either West
Berlin or West Germany as whole will
be more vulnerable to Communist vile
or pressure. Basically, foreign policy
will not be an issue in the German
campaign.
1t was not necessary, of course, for
Mr.. Brandt to bring this message to the
United States in person. His own
political career since returning to free
Germany after World War II has been
lldLhcu Wy d SCOIIllul eIlHllGy toward
those who have kept his city and his
country divided At the same time, Mr..
Brandt emergeS this year as the most
able and most popular figure in the
Social Democratic Party and to degree
that gives his followers hope that they
may score their initial nationwide cleo
ton victory Even if this hope is not
realized, it is virtually assured that the
Social Democratic voice will be a
stronger one in West German policy of
the near future than of the past. For
that reason, there is value to the
Western alliance in Mr.. Brandt'S mes
sage Of determination and the oppor-
tunity for personal exchange of views
between him and the leaders of our own
new administration.
On other aspects of West Germanys
external relations, it is significant too
that Mayor Brandt has expressed him
self Us particularly anxious that the
economic division between the two free
European trade blocS, the Common
Market Six and the so-called Outer
Seven, should be bridged In Europe
split by communism he pointed out in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-03-16

no car pay Federal taxes to
improve roads? Should one
who is a conscientious OBJ
jector pay Federal taxes to
support our armed forces or
foreign arms aid? And ad
infinitum!
Everyone who pays taxes
indirectly benefits endeavors
from which he receives no
direct benefit nor in which
he believes. But intangibly
we all benefit from taxation
in that it goes toward i'm
proving our way of life as a
whole, regardless of what our
special interests might be.
Pressure groups are one
way in which the various
segments of society can ex-
press their interests. They
are powerful levers for all
levels. They are also danger
Gus instruments for impair
ing integrity. Each organized
group exercising pressure
owes society as a whole this
responsibility: What is the
common good for all!
The various Ca h Ollie
groups preparing to oppose
all Federal aid to schools DO
themselves a diSservice. For
the first time in our history
we have a President who was
elected despite his religion.
This is something we should
build on. not tear down.
President Kennedy in taking
the stand he has on Federal
aid to education is doing just
that. He is acting on what is
the common good for all. His
wisdom is to be admired.
A. p. Burroughs
y
In the February % issue
OF the Rome Daily Amer
lean" there is a photo of a
new high school for 1000
boys being built in the
TuniSian town of Beja. The
caption reads: Half the con-
struction expenses are under
written by the United States
aid program to Tunisia."
1t is possible that the Con-
stitution allows our Govern
ment to help build a school
for Arab children in TuniSia
"a school where the Moham-
medan religion will be taught
and at the same tim e
forbids our Government to
contribute a penny toward
building classrooms or paying
teachers salaries in Catholic,
Protestant, Jewish or non
Sectarian private schools for
American children in the
United States?
II the answer is yes" then
I for one think it is high
time our Constitution was
modified. James A. Miller.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-03-16
Fight Over Peace CORPS

Wonderland then keeps on
wondering. H. L. Mcleod
For the task at hand we
need the Peace Corps" like
a dog needs fleas. To stop
losing the cold war and to
start winning it, we need a
plan of action such as people
to people Mass Exchange of
Youth Plan CMEP) and not
the neutrality-suspicious. "cul-
tural exchanges" and now,
not the Peace Corps"
A. ArutunOtt,
Bartlesville, Okla.
= y x
l have read much in recent
weeks about the Peace Corps
and I cannot help but be pa
triotically proud of the spirit
which it has generated in
Americans to do helpful, Gre
ative, redemptive work. This
spirit, had by our forefathers,
was responsible for the birth
Of our great Nation.
Yet, I have serious uues-
tionS. I have read a few
comments which indicate in
cipient dangers inherent in
the Peace Corps concept.
Representative Frances Boil
ton indicated that she saw
tragic danger in the plan. but
she did not, perhaps she
dared not, specify that dan
ger. Could she have had in
mind an aWareness of what
has happened in certain to-
talitarian countries under
centralized control? The Hit
Ter Youth movement is a case
in point. We do not like to
think that such a thing could
happen to our youth. But.
is it not possible that imma-
ture, unframed, impression
able youth could be given GER
tain lines of reasoning to fol-
low and then come back to
our shores completely trained
along lines of thinking that
those in charge mean them
TO be, rather than individual
thinkers on their own? Could.
then, these same youth go
into Government positions.
with their one sided training,
upsetting the delicate system
OF checks and balances which
we need now more than ever
before?
Thus. I wonder if it would
not be better to think in
terms of educated, DEVELOPED
men and women capable of
handling this sort of work.
Are there not agencies pre-
pared to handle this? It has
come. to my attention that
private concerns such as the
American Friends Service
Committee have done splen-
did work along this line since
World War 1. Could NOT
these programs be stepped I'D,
yet stay clear of government
al intervention with the dan
ger of centralized control
which that could bring?
Mary Alice Duncan
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-03-16
Playing Dangerous Game in Lnnport-Export Field

sented by foreign countries,
which have erected all sorts
of barriers to help their ex-
porterS.
When our unions seek wage
increases, they are told that
we have already priced our
selves out of the market, and
further increases, or even
minimum wage legislation,
will do the workers more
harm than good. If they urge
caution in the introduction
of automation, which must
diSplace many workers and
leave them high and dry, they
are accused of engaging in
featherbedding practices. And
If they threaten to engage in
boycottS, while management
is moving its factories
abroad, they are warned that
they are playing a dangerous
game.
If, you state, the present
tariff structure is not good,
as clearly it is not, Congress
should be persuaded to revise
the tariff structure. But the
moment such proposals are
offered there is a great cho-
rus of denunciation, led by the
press. and by the spokesman
of industries which are ben
efitting for the time being
from exports, who have sue
ceeded in identifying their
special interest with the ma
tional interest.
Under these circumstances,
as has been the case in the
past when unions have had to
defend the conditions and
jobs of their members, unions
will have to help themselves
the best way they know how,
warnings and threats to the
contrary Notwithstanding If
they succeed, without legis-
lation, and in spite OF threats
and warnings and exhorta-
tons they will be forgiven
That is the way it has to be.
Marx Lewis.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-03-16
LETTERS TO THE STAR
Controversial AnqIes of Aid to Education

The parochial loan" in
or out of the aid to education
bill, is not only debatable,
it may become the hottest
potato in modern American
history.
Leaving consititutionality
to the legal experts, the
question is not one of good
intentions, temporary pallia-
tiveS or equities but of the
ultimate well-being Of our
national life. Will the cure"
result in a deadly disease?
There is a Subversion of
the concept, for example, of
the tax dollar. 1t is argued
that non-use of the public
schools entities the non-user
to a tax rebate or other
considerations. Do taxpayers
who do not use public swim
ming pools, parks, play
grounds or roads also qualify
for rebateS-or say the fl
nancing of their own private
swimming pools?
Are we counting COR law
courting) the odiouSnesS of
nasty comparison? Will all
too many religious sectS be-
come political watch dogs to
obtain their fair share? Who
will give answer to the self
righteous taxpayer who asks,
why should my money go
to support the Catholic
church," Are we creating a
monster that win count
money in religious dollars?
Will Internal Revenue keep
statistics on the basis of
religious affiliation?
Administratively, can we
set up standards of what
constitutes eligible and &C
ceptable religious and private
groups? Or, will Government
money also be financing
anti-God sectS, called per-
hapS. the Disciples of Satan?
Or, "low-presSure" Commu-
mist groups who profess they
are teaching only the peace
full overthrow" of us and the
world? Will revived bunds
and other hate" groups
also be entitled to Federal
financing?
Could we have sufficient
Government control and still
retain religious freedom? All
Americans have a stake in
where the Federal tax money
goes. Does the Catholic or
any other church want
partners?
All education, public and
parochial, has an obvious
need. But privacy cannot be
maintained by prying open
the door of public funds.
Good purposes and intentions
are not enough; the door is
a significant separation; it
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-03-16

must not be removed. For,
behind it are Gagged a house
full Of vipers.
Milton A. Mandel.
- -
The principle of separation
of church and state is a
proper one which applies to
the spheres of authority of
each. Neither authority
should have the power to in
wade or transgreSS that Of
the other. But there is where
the principle stops.
Among the purposes Of the
Constitution were religious
freedom and justice for all.
And despite the many ex-
pressed opinions to the con-
trary. nowhere does it forbid
aid to all religions, so long
as none receives preference
over the others. 1t recognizes
that this country was born
out of the desires of peoples
of many faiths for religious
freedom and seeks to guar
antee this by providing that
there shall be no state
church and that there will
be this freedom and justice
for all. Never was it intended
that anyone should be OBJ
liged to forsake the practice
Of his religion in order to be
entitled to the benefits of
citizenship.
It may have been the
knowledge that the American
people were being success
fully duped into accepting
such errors under the guise
Of separation of church and
state which led Mr.. Khru-
shchev to confidently predict
that our children would live
under communism.
Let's not sell out our chill
dren to communism. Let us
not be divided on this i'm
portant issue. Let us put
aside our groundleSs fears
and our prejudices, and unite
in bringing out an aid to
education bill which will do
justice to all American chill
dren and credit to their
parents.
Patrick ]. Durham.
Jeremy S. Jackson, in his
letter on Federal aid to
schools. stated: Those who
support church ools
should not have to pay Fed
eral Government taxes to
support State schools" I DO
not believe Mr.. Jackson has
thought his logic through.
Applying this same logic,
should one who is childleSs
or one whose children are
now out Of school pay Fed
eral taxes to support educa-
ton? Should one who has
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-03-16

was the dollar gap" Then
it was the Communist men
ace.
You fear our actions may
lead to repriSals from abroad.
Foreign nations have conSiS-
tently restricted imports from
our country. The Reciprocal
Act was reciprocal in name
only. 1t was, and is, a one
way street. There are such
restrictions on A erican
goods in effect now. Besides,
in order to compete with for
eign producers because Of
restrictions and high prices,
American firms have set
themselves up in foreign
countries. not only to COM
pete with their products,
but also to compete with
American-made products in
American and other foreign
markets.
The Commerce Department
estimated recently that such
companies now employ more
than 3 million workers in
other lands, only 100 of whom
have come from the United
States. In some of the coun-
tries there is a labor Short
age, while here we have SIS
million workers unemployed.
, Management has been able
to help itself. But what are
the workers, and the unions
which represent them, to do?
What escape do they have?
We have an escape clause"
in the Act. But experience
with it has taught unions
and industries hit by i'm
ports that instead of its be-
ing an escape, it is a BOBBY
trap. In cases where the
Tariff Commission recon-
mended unanimously that an
industry be given relief be-
cause imports were destroying
it. the President rejected the
Recommendations on the
ground that it might be re-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-03-16

In your editorial, playing
a Dangerous. Game" you
warn labor unions that pro-
posed boycotts of imports are
dangerous and irresponsible,
and will open a Pandora'S
box of evil consequences and
counter-action in the field of
import-export trade. Also,
that the two unions which
have publicized their intent
to play this game" are dan
gerouSly "short-sighted."
So far as trade unions are
concerned, they have always
had to live dangerously. For
many years the right to Or
ganize at all was denied.
When this right was finally
recognized, every effort to
make this right effective by
the only means unions had
to enforce it, namely by
strikes. picketing, and even
calling on other unions and
the public generally to help
them by patronizing products
made by union labor, has
been restricted, resented and
denounced. The press has
always issued such warnings
as your editorial now con-
tainS.
1t would be more accurate
to say that our country, by
building up foreign COMPETE
ton, is playing a far more
dangerous game. 1t is a game
which we are losing, as the
frantic appeals we are now
making to other countries to
protect our dollar testifieS to.
1t is our Government that is
short-sighted.
Ever since the Reciprocal
Trade Agreements Act was
enacted in 1884, we have
played this game. 1t was la
belled an emergency" meas
ure, and has been renewed IL
times. each time to meet some
other emergency. The erner-
gency was the worldwide de-
preston we were in. Then it
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-03-16

One benefit which could
arise from this GAS security
or peace force is a disarma-
ment agreement-or limita-
ton of armamentS-among
the Latin American nations,
some of which now spend
large amounts of money
every year to maintain armed
forces. Indeed, it is reported
that in some of these coun-
tries one-third of the entire
budget is allocated to the
military forces. The money
so expended might well be
used by these countries for
social and economic develop
ments within their borders.
AS Senator Smathers has
said, if it is proper for the
establishment of NATO, with
its armed forces, to repel
aggression and keep the
peace in the North Atlantic,
it should be eminently proper
for GAS to have a similar
security force to safeguard
peace in the Americas. Also,
if there is danger of a nu-
clear armed attack on this
hemisphere, the defense will
necessarily come from the
United States. which is
equipped to resist any such
attack by Russia and its
Communist allies.
Program Overdue
Quite naturally, Castro
and his Communist followers
in Cuba have already begun
to scream because of the Ken
nedy doctrine" and they
will scream even louder if
the GAS does provide a strong
well-armed security force.
His charges of United States
imperialism" will fall on
deaf ears in the Americas
if they all take their full
part in a security force.
The program now advo-
Gated by President Kennedy
has been overdue. Too long
this country has not given
enough attention to aid for
its southern neighborS in the
matters of social and economic
advancement. The money now
requested by the President is
for the Inter-American Fund
for Social Progress set up by
the Bogota Conference. Mr..
Kennedy in his message to
Congress commented: Social
progress is not a substitute
for economic development.
1t is an effort to create a
social framework within
which all the people of a
nation can share in the bene-
fits of prosperity and partici-
pate in the process Of growth.
Economic growth without
social progress lets the great
majority of the people remain
in poverty while a privileged
few reap the benefits of
rising abundance" The Presi-
dent said emphatically, how
ever. that the move for social
progress was only a first
Step"-that much must be
done to advance the economy
of the Latin American coun-
tries. To this extent, the Ken
nedy program may be hkened
to the Marshall Plan which
worked so effectively after
the Second World War to aid
in reviving the economies of
the Western European ma
tions.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-03-16

The objective of President
Kennedy's Peace Corps is a
worthy one, certainly. but
many who are imbued with
missionary zeal are often
blind to the harsh facts of
life. The principal one in
this case is that it is not
possible to elevate people by
going down to their level. Yet,
apparently, this is what the
Peace Corps hopes to do.
Backward peoples attain a
certain level of culture and
there they remain content.
In thousands of years they
do not make substantial pro-
greSS. If individuals are
placed in a more advanced
society they take on the ways
OF that society, but if the
backward element is in con-
siderable numbers, or in a
majority, primitive nature
predominateS. In the past
century or so religious and
medical missionaries have
helped individuals. They have
not been able to contribute
much to racial advancement.
Are we to suppose that the
educational and economic
missionaries of the Peace
Corps will meet with greater
success?
The settlement of this
country and the development
of its natural resources were
relatively easy as far as the
native population was con-
cerned. We simply killed the
Indians off and slaughtered
their chief source of food, the
buffalo, in order to make the
Subjugation easier. Yet, some
of our citizens, in their sane
timoniouS way, are critical of
the Belgians because they did
not give college educations to
most Of the CongoleSe. How
embarrassing it would be if
the remnants of the Indian
tribes could get Russian
backing and say to us, You
stole this land; now give it
back to us and get to hell
out" That, in short is what
the black Africans are saying
to the white settlers today.
In this dog-in -the-manger
situation, is the colonial OK
justified in horning the ma
tive dog out of the manger
of natural resource hay
which the latter cannot use2
Can the dog learn to eat
hay? Our liberals think that
he can. l doubt it; dogs just
amt built that-a-way.
The welcoming figure of
the Statue of Liberty has
made the United States a
hodgepodge of every race and
culture under the sun. We
are rapidly approaching a
stage where, with such di-
versity of attitude and senti-
ment, it is doubtful whether
7 we can maintain a stable
government and sound econ
omy. The thoughtful person
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-03-16
THE POLITICAL MILL
Need for on OAS Security Force
By GOULD LINCOLN

President Kennedy is wise
ly seeking quick action by this
country-and also by the
countries of Latin America
to promote social and eco
nomic progress as an i'm
portant step to halt and pre-
vent the spread Of commu-
nism in the Western Henri
sphere. Already his message to
Congress urging prompt APP
preparation of $500 million,
authorized by the 86th Con-
gresS, and also another $100
million to aid in the restora-
ton of cart h quak e-torn
southern Chile, plus his ad-
dress to the representatives
of 18 of the American nations
at the White House, is de-
Scribed as 1.-The Kennedy doc
trine" by Latin Americans as
well as by North Americans.
Mr.. Kennedy has wildly de-
Scribed the need (a) of aiding
Latin America toward social
progress, including the elimi-
nation Of illiteracy, the i'm
provement of health condi-
tons, of housing and the use
and distribution of land and
Cb) of aiding the economy of
these countries from outside
resources. The first step. the
President stressed, should be
social progress, so that eco
nomic aid could later be
properly administered.
Senator George Smathers
of Florida, a student of Latin
American affairs. has whole
heartedly Endorsed the PreSi-
dents Latin America pro-
gram. He was a strong sup
porter of the Eisenhower
recommendations which led
the last Congress to authorize
the funds now requested by
President Kennedy. The fact
that the authorization law
already has been enacted has
expedited action by the new
Congress, if it will give heed
to Mr.. Kennedy's message
as it is expected to do.
GAS Security Force
Another step in the fight
against a spread of COM
muniSm, in the opinion of
Senator Smathers, should be
promptly taken-the forma-
ton of an GAS (Organiza-
ton of American States
security force, a military
force sufficiently strong to
prevent any aggression, such
as that which Cuba's Castro
tried in Panama, Guatemala,
Costa Rica and other Latin
American countries, and any
aggression by any Latin
American country against
another. The need for such
a security force, provided by
all these American states
and capable of being airborne
TO any spot in the hemisphere
in record time, has been
urged upon the GAS, but
has not been authorized or
established. The organization
at present can only pass
resolutions for the Setup of
armed forces to preserve
peace, a time-conSuming way
Of doing business at best. If
necessary the United States,
Mr.. Smathers believes, should
take the lead in moving for
a security force of this kind.
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1961-09-07
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Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1961-09-07
(LARHON
BY Mrs. Howard Ensign

The Claridon Booster meet
ing will be held September J.,
at 800 pm. at the town hall.
Barbara Kovacs Of PaineS-
vile, spent several days last
week visiting with Jeanny
Mclean.
Mrs. Maude Sloat is now at
the Miller Rest Home in
MunSon. Her address is Mrs.
Sloat, 420 Rock Haven Rd.,
CheSterland.
Rev. and Mrs. Grove and
son Richard, fomerly of Clari-
don were expected at the
home Of Mrs. Gertrude Price
Sunday night to spend LabCs'
Day, then continue on their
way taking Richard to a col
lege in Michigan.
Mrs. Margaret WlImOt and
daughter, Alice were visiting
relatives in Lynchburg, Ohio
Tuesday T. ru Friday last
week.
Mrs. Robert Richmond and
daughters Of Malta, Ohio. sp-
ent several days at the home
of her parents, Mr.. and Mrs
Robert FenWick. Mrs. Ira
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1961-09-07

LaMoreauX of Columbus, o.,
accompanied them.
Mr.. and Mrs. Norman Pol
lock called on Mr.. and Mrs.
David ShanoWer, EuStiS, O.,
who have been spending sew
eral weeks at the home Of
their son in Mentor.
Mr., and Mrs. Ralph GroS-
VenOr, Jeanette GroSvenor,
Mr.. and Mrs Charles Kellogg
and family were invited to a
clam bake at the home Of Mr..
and Mrs. Frank Stanek, Sun
day, honoring Mrs. GroSven-
orS birthday.
Mr.. and Mrs. C. c. Bah
cock were at Cedar Point last
week, Wednesday. Mr.. and
Mrs. Hal Burr Of Chardon ac-
companied them.
Linda Ensign of Mentor
Headlands, spent sew eral
days at the home of Mr..
and Mrs. Orrin Valentine last
week.