davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-11-26
Force if Necessary

Because of African-Asian hatred
for the Katanga government
which is backed by European cap
ital and mercenaries, the U. N. has
advocated force if necessary to
crush the Katanga government.
Last weeks watered-down resolu-
ton was the latest such move.
The United States has supported
the anti-Katanga campaign, but
feels that the Gizenga forces
aiming at an overthrow of the
Evening star., 1961-11-26
Continued From Page d.

Continued From Page D-1
The NSA, much to its annoy
ance, has been in and out of the
headlines since two of its code
clerks detected in June, 1860 and
subsequently turned up in the
Soviet Union. Following this de-
velopment, the House Committee
on IMAM erican Activities
launched an inquiry.
AS part Of its investigation, the
committee questioned Maurice H.
Klein, NSA personnel director, last
July. On Monday, Chairman
Walter announced that Mr.. Klein
had been forced to resign. The
committee called upon the Justice
Department to prosecute him for
perjury, falSifying his own Job
application and for removing and
concealing a Government docu-
ment. The Pentagon said Mr..
Evening star., 1961-11-26
10Y D. KOHLER
By EARL III. VOSS
star Staff Writer


Foy David Kohler, the jaunty
little man who is chairman of the
ambasSadorial steering group
wrestling with the Berlin problem
here, has come full circle in a
long career of fitting with the
Soviet Union. Now he is well on
his second trip around.
He has played it cold, freezing
cold, in the dark, hostile days of
Stains Moscow in 1947-49, when
the Berlin blockade had the world
on the brink of war; he has
played it balmy warm, on Vice
President Nixon's bantering tour
through the Soviet Union and on
Premier Khrushchev's gay whistle
stop campaign through the United
States in 1859; and he watched
sadly in Paris in May 1860 as
Mr.. Khrushchev used the U-2 spy
plane incident to thrust the world
back into the deep freeze again.
Now he has returned to the
tedious task of picking his way
back, one chopped step at a time
in that boundless cold-war glacier
called "the problems of Germany
and Berlin" Presently there is
still an icy wind blowing in his
face, with no detectable balm in
it at all.
Through the years, however, he
has maintained a remarkable
cheer and zest. His associates are
devoted to him because he does
his homework, listens to their ad-
vice, makes decisions eagerly once
the way is clear and then defends
them fearlessly, in public or pri-
vate, before Congress or the Sec
retary of State.
Holdover os Secretary
He is one of only two holdover
Assistant Secretaries in the State
Department since the Kennedy Ao-
ministration came to power. The
other is Edwin M. Martin, who
handles economic affairs. =
But Mr.. Kohler was so in
timately acquainted with the ex-
pansion and bursting of the peace
offensive late in the Eisenhower
Administration; he had worked so
closely with the Allies on the
1958-59 Berlin crisis; that his re-
tention was almost inevitable.
His knowledge of Khrushchev
and Soviet policy was not all COL
lected behind a desk. When Vice
President Nixon toured the Soviet
Union debating premiers and pole
sitters, Mr.. Kohler was there too,
in the Kremlin, the kitchen or at
the bottom of the pole. When Mr..
Khrushchev toured the United
States, Mr.. Kohler was the top
professional advising the official
escort. Ambassador Henry Cabot
Lodge. The day at goth Century
Fox studios, when Mr.. KhruShchev
was shown line of chorus girls
doing the can-can and took loud
offense, is Mr.. Kohler's nomina-
ton for horrible day"
Showing Mr.. Khrushchev Amer
lea was well worth the mammoth
effort, Mr.. Kohler is still sure.
1t was good he says, not only for
the Soviet dictator but for the
American people, who could see
for themselves the battling Khru-
shchev style and learn what the
diplomats and politicians were up
against.
In Washington Mr.. Kohler usu-
Evening star., 1961-11-26
PORTRAIT OF FoY D. KoHLER
Head Of Wests Steering Group

lock, became minister to Belgium
and impressed Mr.. Kohler as a
real Midwestern hberaT who
made an important contribution
to American diplomacy.
Mr.. Kohler won a Phi Beta
Kappa key at Ohio State and was
elected president of the Student
Senate. He also held memberships
in several campus honorary So
cieties. He was graduated in 1881
and began his diplomatic career
as vice consul in Windsor, Canada
in December Of that year.
Later he was assigned to Bucha-
rest, then to Belgrade, Athens,
and Cairo. In the war years he
specialized on Middle East affairs
and became one of the fairhaired
boys of 10y Henderson, recently
retired Deputy Under Secretary Of
State. Mr.. Kohler learned to know
Dean Acheson, later to become
Secretary of State, when they
worked together on running Greek
relief through German blockade.
He has known most Secretaries
of State since Henry Stimson. In
the 1930s the Department was a
much more chubby place, and the
Secretary, Mr.. Stimson, held a re-
ception for young officers attend
ing. foreign service school. Mr..
Kohler had more than a passing
acquaintance with Corden Huh
and since that time has worked
closely with Stettinius, during the
San Francisco United Nations con-
ference; Acheson; Dulles; Herter
and Rusk.
Ron Moscow
He ran the Moscow Embassy as
charge d'affaireS during the Ber-
lin blockade days, after Ambas-
Sador Walter Bidell Smith left.
When he came back, he took
over the Voice of America and
established an association with
radio and news men that has
grown with the years. He did
battle with Congressional appro-
priationS czars for Voice funds at
a difficult time when expansion
was underway without full realiza-
ton on the Hill Of the worth Of
the program.
Somewhere along the line, prob
ably in the early Middle East days,
Mr.. Kohler developed an interest
in fruit trees. When he was coun-
selor of embassy in Ankara, he
noticed Turkeys need for verdure
and entered on a campaign Of
modest "reforestation" with fruit
trees. He personally planted some
500 or more apple trees, accord
ing to one account, and soon
acquired the nickname of Johnny
AppleSeed of Ankara."
He is a candid camera man of
some, 20 years standing and has
a big collection Of color-film slides,
most of them taken with his Leica
Off duty he likes sports shirts
and comfortable clothes, and. ac-
cording to one of his friends,
manages to look more like a news
paperman than a diplomat.
When Chancellor Konrad Ade-
naur arrived for talks with the
President here last week. however.
Mr.. Kohler looked enough
like a diplomat to get into the
White House and give Mr.. Ken
nedy whatever professional ad-
vice was needed from his dec
ade and half Of familiarity with
the problems.
Evening star., 1961-11-26

Nations. including Belgium, is on
record against Katanga's seces-
sion. Since Katanga's economy is
vital to the Congo as a whole, the
U. N. must pour funds and tech
nicianS into that troubled land
until it is reunited.
Every country in the United
Nations is also on record as sup
porting the central government
in Leopoldville. The Adoula -Kasa-
vubu government, however, is
basically neutral, and decidedly
not pro-Soviet. This has had the
effect of prompting Communist
support for the Gizenga rebels.
Evening star., 1961-11-26

when he was named an evaluator
for aid programs. He conducted
five-month surveys on three coun-
tries. Pakistan, South Wet Nam
and Bolivia, working with senior
aid official.
In each case he spent the first
month in Washington studying
the target country, three months
travelling inside the country and
a month back here writing the
report.
Mr.. Kohler has had two tours
in Moscow, as First Secretary for
a short period in 1946 and as
Counselor from 1947 to 1949. He
speaks Russian, which he learned
on the job. In all this time he
never called on Stain but did
visit Molotov several times.
Inspired by WhitIoek
A mayor of Toledo, turned dip
lomat, inspired Mr.. Kohler to take
up diplomatic career. That was
just before he started full tins
at Ohio State University. Born of
a Pennsylvania Dutch father and
Scotch-IriSh mother in the small
Ohio town of Oakwood, he
attended Scott High School in
Toledo, graduating in 1924 at the
age of 16.
First he worked for a time as
a bank teller, taking night courses
at the University of Toledo. In
1928 he enrolled as a full-time
student at Ohio State and con-
centrated on geography and eco
Monies.
The Toledo Mayor, Brand Whit
Evening star., 1961-11-26

whole Congo government-is as
much a threat to world peace as
the TShombe secession.
But American efforts in the Sc
curity Council to extend the reso-
luton to include all hostile ele-
mentS was vetoed by the Soviet
Union.
Evening star., 1961-11-26

minute Dy minute, What you did IN
the GDR?" he asked politely, but
firmly.
Again I told about the old lady
and my mother-in-law.
Where did you eat?"
"At the Franziskanerbreau."
"At what time?"
About IL o'clock"
He reached for a big book on
his desk, opened it and ran his
finger down one page. Had I been
followed? Or had that waiter
phoned in the visit of an Ameri-
can? Anyway he nodded, satisfied
that had told the truth. But
suddenly he was tough again and
began firing questions at me:
Whom did you telephone? What
apartments did you visit? Did you
contact any male persons?"
Threw Names Awoy
AS a matter of fact a Commu-
mist sympathizer in West Berlin
had given me names and ad-
dresses of East Berlin writer's and
actors. After the welcome at the
border had considered it more
prudent to throw these names
away. answered mo" to all his
questions, but then I became an
cry:
Now tell me. Would it have
been such a crime to see people?
As a matter of fact, I would have
loved to meet some, hear their
point of view. Unfortunately I
don't know anyone. What's all the
fuss about?"
The West forces us to be care
full" he said grimly. Besides, in
United States of America you
even fingerprint people who apply
for visa"
That's to keep people out" I
said pointedly. once allowed in
side there are no police registra-
tions, no Identification cards. You
can work and live wherever you
want" He remained silent.
I became bolder: Don't forget
you hear only one side of the
story. If you think everyone in
the United States is thirsting for
war, you are wrong. They know
there won't be any victors after
the next war"
He became icy again. "Yes, there
will be one victor" y
He picked up my passport and
leafed through it. He saw the
visas Of different countries. you
have travelled lot"
II love to travel"
He sighed, 81 love it, too."
And suddenly he became hu-
man. Maybe he had decided that
this. odd American with a pure
Berlinese accent wasn't spy after
all. He asked questions about
life in America. He noted down
my Washington address. Did he
plan to visit us some day, I Won
dered. He wanted to know my hus-
bands job. When I said that he
taught German languages and
literature at a university, he
sighed again: That's what I
wanted to study"
A SociobIe Chot
The tough Interrogation had
somehow turned into a sociable
chat. Taking advantage of this
changed atmosphere, I got up as
If were finishing a friendly visit.
We'll, it was interesting to talk
with you," I said, "but I really
must go now"
He got up. too, smiled and said
goodby.
A few minutes later, as I was
neaolng west. I saw him stand
ing IN front of the building with
TWO others. I waved at him. He
looked grim and didn't wave back.
The next day I left Berlin. The
very first sight across the border
was a huge black placard. On it
was the white outline of an East
German soldier with drawn bavo-
net. Above him were the ominous
WORDS: Watch out, you gentle
men!"
Evening star., 1961-11-26
BY MARGARITA DOBERT
Contributing Writer

GI's on duty at the Friedrich,
strasse United States Army
Checkpoint took my name and
address and asked me when I ex-
pected to return.
Three o'clock" I said and
drove off, very slowly, because
once across the border in East
Berlin the road zigzags between
fairly high cement borders. Two
Vopos CVolkspolizeD waved me to
a halt.
Your Identification, please"
they said politely. The license
Evening star., 1961-11-26

Margarita DObert, a free
lance writer who contributes
occasionally to The Star, is a
native of Berlin and has just
returned from a visit there.
Evening star., 1961-11-26
FOREIGN SCENE

at the reforms, and claimed that
they were only an attempt to look
good" in American eyes, and thus
gain economic help and diploma
tic recognition from the United
States and the Organization of
American States.
Since August, 1860, the OAS has
ordered economic and diplomatic
sanctions against the Dominican
Republic. Presumably. a reStora-
ton of democracy would end these
sanctions.
Last summer. Mr.. Belaguer tried
to persuade the opposition to form
a coalition cabinet, but the rival
leaders refused, stating that the
Trujillo family still had more in
fluence than was good for the
country. The influence extended
to all spheres of life,
Evening star., 1961-11-26

Continued From Page d.
West German agents" the details
on transportation and commerce
into West Berlin.
Evening star., 1961-11-26
I'VE Don't Toke Tips"

Eventually I paid the bill and
added a tip. I'VE don't take tips
in the CDR German Democratic
Republic)," the waiter said loudly
as he pocketed it.
I saw the old lady off on the
train to Potsdam and then asked
a man in the street directions
to the Pergamon Museum. He sug-
gested a streetcar. But haven't
any Eastmark left, I would rather
walk. He dug into his pocket.
Here, take this money" I pro-
tested. He insisted. please take
it. The West has done so much
for u.s."
On the streetcar, the conductor
handed me some change and I
started to walk down the aisle.
Wait" he yelled, you have more
coming"
Never mind" I said nom
chalantly. Its only East money
and I won't need it any more"
You from the WeSt?" he said
eagerly. God, if we had known
in time about this wall. Not 5000
but 10000 would have gotten out
that time" He spoke rather loudly
and I looked nervouSly back into
the car. Never mind" he said
jauntily, pointing at a Vopo in
the street. We'll survive them"
And then in a whisper: Got any
cigarettes to sell? I stiIl have one
Westmark." I gave him the few
had left.
The streets near the museum
were practically deserted, except
for armed VopoS who leaned every
hundred yards or so against the
parapet of the Spree canal or
rode by on trucks with their police
dogs. The museum, too, was de-
serted. The Greek temple had been
magnificently restored. But some
how I couldn't enjoy it. 1 wondered
what welcome I would get at the
crossing point. 1t was getting near
3 o'clock and I walked back.
intimidation or Confusion
From far away I could see nv
little blue car. Again. two polite
VopoS stopped me. What did you
acquire?" I showed them package
of family photographs. They
leafed through without comment
and handed them back to me.
May turn my car around?"
asked. They nodded and I got in
and started the motor. Again
I wonder whether this is part of
the system Of intimidation or Just
a sign of confusion-an another Vopo
rushed out of the building and
came up to my car window. Com
rade x wants to see you. Come
with mel"
I followed him into the building
down a corridor, up a flight OF
stairs, down another corridor.
This is it," I thought uneasily
and remembered various Ameri-
cans who had been arrested as
spies. How do you prove that you
aren't spy?
A uniformed, handsome young
man sat at a desk and motioneo
me to sit down. will you tell me
Evening star., 1961-11-26

plate on my Volkswagen indicated
only that the car was destined to
go through customs into a for
eign country. There was no way
of telling that this country was
to be the United States.
showed my American passport
and explained that I wanted to
see an old lady who had cared for
my mother-in-law during her last
illness. A third Vopo stood little
in back Of the two and watched
me with ice-cold eyes. Suddenly
he stepped forward and hissed:
And all the Eastmark you have
hidden on your body. We will
have a body search right away.
Get over there!" And he pointed
to building near the border.
The First Encounter
couldn't quite believe my ears.
had been warned not to go
across. was prepared that some
thing unpleasant might happen.
I had intended to be nonchalant
and sassy in such case. But this
head-on collision with a typical
humorless commissar came too
suddenly. But since had no East
mark said calmly:
Go ahead, you won't find any,
thing"
He shifted his attention to the
car. What have you got in
there?" got out and he .poked his
head inside.
THAT bundle of clothes in the
rear. To whom are you going to
give them?" His voice still had
that sharp nasty ring.
ITO no one, they are mine"
Whats under the hood?"
"a pair of mountain boots and
a painting"
"Unwrap it,"
The painting had been given
to me by a French friend who
lives in Southern Germany. I re-
membered with a shock that there
were layers of newspapers under
the brown wrapping paper. Bring
ing Western newspapers into East
Germany was crime. Luckily
the papers turned out to be
French and were apparently con-
sidered harmless.
No Driving to Eost Berlin
The Vopo kept grimly rummag-
ing through the car. Finally he
stepped back. I got behind the
wheel. May go now?" He nodded.
started the motor. At this mo-
ment another Vopo came out Of
the building.
You aren't allowed to drive
your car in East Berlin"
I shrugged my shoulders. What
was the use Of arguing. "a pity, "
I said, II would have liked to
have good look at built-up East
Berlin"
I got out Of the car, locked il
and put the key into my pocket
IT trust the car is safe here" look
ing at about 10 heavily armed
Vopos who had gathered around
walked across trafficless no.
mans land towards my friend
the old lady, whom saw waiting
further down on FriedrichStrasse
We shook hands and suggested
we sit down somewhere to eat. Blu
Evening star., 1961-11-26
Sanctions OFF

Pressure from Mr.. Belaguer
forced the Trujillo brothers to
leave the country two weeks ago,
prompting the United States to
recommend a lifting on some sane
tons. No sooner was this done,
however, than the two brothers re-
turned, and began plotting a coup.
Secretary of State RuSk i'm
mediately announced last Satur-
day that the United States would
back up the Belaguer government.
and the dispatch of naval units
proved his point. The two broth
ers, as well as Gen. Trujillo's son
and other members Of the clan,
began leaving the Dominican Re-
public en- masSe.
Their exodus should pave the
way to a genuine coalition cabinet,
representing the different oppoSi-
ton groups, and lead to free elec-
tions next May. The main dan
ger is that Castro forces may try
to interfere and foment a leftist
revolution, taking advantage of
pent-up hatreds.
The American pledge of support,
however, is as good against the
left as it was against the right.
Evening star., 1961-11-26
The Machinery Grinds ThickIy
In Suspicious East Berlin Today

first I had to change some West
mark into Eastmark at the only
official changing booth at the
railway station. This little finan-
cial transaction took exactly 10
minutes and necessitated showing
my passport at least half a dozen
times.
We went into the Franziskaner-
braeu, once nice restaurant
which now had a down. the
heel look about it. Drab looking
people sat at long tables talking
in low tones. We found an empty
table. Again we had to show our
identifications before we could
order a meal. We ate and chatted
and I noticed that my compan-
ion had that furtive way of look
ing right and left and speaking
in low tones out Of the corner
of her mouth-which l remem-
bered so well from Nazi times. Yet
the talk was mainly of family mat
terS
Evening star., 1961-04-03
Second Century
Law Documents
Found in Caves

JERUSALEM, Israel Sector,
April 3 (AP).-Legal documents
dating to the Second Century
after Christ have been found in
Caves in the Judean wilderness.
DR.. Yigael Yadin, professor
OF Archaeology at the Hebrew
University, said between 40 and
SO papyrus documents and
scrolls were discovered on the
western shores Of the Dead Sea.
The same caves last year
yielded letters from Shin Bar
Kochbah, leader Of a Jewish
rebellion against the Romans.
DR.. Yadin said the legal doc
uments exceeded in clarity OF
language, beauty of script and
wealth Of detail, all documents
hitherto discovered of that
period"
One scroll was found in a
bamboo reed, and DR.. Yadin
had to enlist the help of O
brain surgeon to extract the
document intact.
Other papyri were found
written in Greek and Aramaic.
One rare find was written in
Nabataean, an ancient Semitic
language. y
Evening star., 1961-04-03

Secretary-General Dag Ham
marskjold to go on spending SO
million a month on the mill
tary and civilian operations in
the African territory up to
April 81, closing date of the
current Assembly session.
Mr.. Hammarskjold's previous
three-month spending authori-
cation, ran out Friday night,
the day after the budgetary
committee approved the Indian
resolution 38 to 9 with % alb
Stentions.
The temporary authorization
to Mr.. Hammarskjold gives the
budget committee more time to
seek a way of financing the
U. N. Congo force and attached
civilian employees through 1861.
Eighteen LATINA m erican
countries are submitting a fl
nancing plan to the committee
this afternoon calling for the
five permanent members of the
Security Council to pay 10 per
cent of the Congo operation
and countries whose public and
private investment in the Congo
exceeds 81 million each to pay
Is per cent.
Evening star., 1961-04-03
Congo Funds
Voted dbyU. N.

UNITED NATIONS, N. Y.
April 3 (AP).-The U. N. Gen.
eral Assembly today overrode
bitter Soviet opposition and ap-
proved a temporary extension
Of Secretary General Dag
Hammarskjold'S Congo spend
ing powers.
The vote on the ,stop-gap
resolution was 81 to 10 with %
abstentionS. The negative votes
were cast by the Soviet bloc
and Mali.
Soviet Delegate A. A. RoSh-
chin challenged the legality of
the Assembly's action. He said
the United Nations is carrying
out the Congo operation in the
interest of the colonial powers
and is pushing itself into bank
ruptcy by actions which violate
the U. N. charter.
From top to bottom" Mr.,
Roshchin said, "the operation
has been guided by the colonial
powers.
The resolution authorizes
Evening star., 1961-04-03

Lee Pearsall, Richard Reynolds,
L. Geneva Smith, Joseph Wein-
berg and Margaret Wolly. .
Albert ]. Lubin, longtime ca
reer Government information
officer. has been appointed
assistant administrator for in
formation services of the Small
Business Administration. Mr..
Lubin previously was chief in
formation officer of the United
States Information Agency. -.
The Military District of Wash
ingtOn has cited the following
employees for a ecu m ula ting
more than 1000 hours of sick
leave: Virginia Alexander, Har-
riet Marshall, Lawrence Feindt,
Arnold Hall, Charles Starns,
Joseph Anthony, Manuel Pc
venStein, Rosalind Allen, Thel-
ma Foster. Eleanor McConkey,
Howard Cavil, Aida Devine,
Austin Hollway, Vernon Mower,
Ernest Townshend, John
Slough and William Wells. .
c o m merce Department has
given incentive awards for out
standing and distinguished
service to the following: Bureau
OF Foreign Commerce. Lawrence
Fox, Eugene Kaplan; Maritime
Administration, Barbara Board
man, Rachel Daniel, Eva Dixon,
Joseph Hook, Grayson Hanes,
Viola Jacobs, Mildred Ladd,
Mary Langhals, Wilma Moser.
James Pimper, LaVerne Saylor,
Earle Schweizer, James Wal
lace; National Bureau Of STAN
dards. Lucy Cavallo, Norman
c hriSteller, Dwight Couch,
Robert CutkoSky, Francis Glaze,
Martin Greenspan, William
Grote, Charles Benton Kipps,
Robert Leslie, Charles Proffer
Saylor, Jack c. Smith, John
Torgesen, Carl Tschiegg, Ray
mond ChideSter, Walter Keep
per, John Matwey and William
Stadler. More awards in later
columns.