davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-04-24

reserve military potential un-
rivalled in its contemporary
world and unequalled in prior
history.
These particular facts have
had little publicity in the
midst of more romantic Civil
War fare. Even such highly
proficient military experts
as made up the German Gen
eral Staff tended (to their
later disrnay) to underesti-
mate the mobilization power
of the United States.
The relation of these past
facts to the present is fairly
simple in statement. America,
blessed by an amazing bal
ance of geographical, indus
trial, agricultural and human
assets, has a tremendous po-
tential power entirely ade-
quate, when properly mobil-
lied, to deal with our national
responsibilities. In a sense we
are a giant in chains of our
own making, reaching in a
fumbling, yet increasingly
determined manner to shed
them and be about our work
again.
To paraphrase a saying
Of Churchill'S, democracies
never go all-out till they feel
the knife at their throats.
Our President faces a
dilemma once posed to Tru-
man, Roosevelt, Wilson and
Lincoln. He cannot coerce;
he must sell his ideas. He
can precipitate events but he
is accountable to the elec-
torate for his actions. He
knows what must be done but
he also knows he must fully
acquaint the American people
with what is required Of them
Evening star., 1961-04-24
Appruises Space Race

II this Russian did make q
successful trip In orbit
around the world, I don't see
what is so sensational about
it. A dog (man's best frien0
and q monkey (from which
man is supposed to- have
evolVeO had the first honors
Of doing this very same thing.
Also let US give q little credit
to the birds, who have been
doing this for years - all on
their own.
Let us not get too excited
about things like this, but
Evening star., 1961-04-24
LETTERS TO THE STAR

man is anti-Communist. He's
Gen. Trujillo Of the Domini-
can Republic. He's against
Khrushchev. He's anti
liberal!
So State has ruled Trujillo
must go. After all, his people
are prosperous and happy.
Let's get on with it. State,
and drive out Trujillo and
give KhruShchev another
base in our own backyard!
Charles p. Beazley.
Evening star., 1961-04-24
Incredible Adventure

There is an almost unbelievable
quality of arrogance and of fanatic
wrong-headedness in the actions Of the
tnSurgent French generals in Algeria.
Whether or not their plans go so far
as to contemplate military invasion"
OF France itself, their seizure Of power in
AlgierS and in other strategic spots
throughout the North African depart
ment is rebellion of the most flagrant
and dangerous kind. It is not too far
fetched an analogy, indeed, to lken 1t to
seizure Of Hawaii by our own military
there, and defiance Of the authority
OF the Federal Government in Washing
ton.
But "odious and stupid" as 1t may
be, to use the words of President de
Gaulle, it is an adventure that may
not - almost aSsuredly will not - be
brought easily to heel The clique of
generals who set 1t in motion may be
lacking in the normal diSciplines of poll
tics and craftsmanship, but they are not
lacking in naked power. The cream Of
Frances military forces, approximately
half-million out of total ground forces
OF, perhaps 100000, is in North Africa.
Outfits identified as the toughest of
these troops are reported committed to
the inSurrection and there is grave queS-
ton whether the remainder, even If
they do not join the rebellion, will fight
against it. The stories of volunteers"
receiving arms to defend Paris, and Of
civilians being implored to block ap-
0FOaPhaS m tho 40 roIy airfiaIdv iy,
attacking paratrooperS make landing,
indicate the thin quality of fighting
strength left in the homeland.
Even against this grim background,
1t Is difficult not to believe that some
how Frances great oldier-StateSman,
De Gaulle, will prevail Not since World
War has the nation had leadership so
strong and determined, or so fully armed
with the confidence of his people. Even
in this most bitterly emotional problem
OF Algeria, his plans for resolution
through negotiation and referendum
received an overwhelming Endorsement
at the voting booths of Metropolitan
France and throughout most Of Algeria
in January. Costly and bloody warfare
French at home. Only the die-hard
French in Algeria and the myopic caste
Of the ultra-rightist military comman-
ders in North Africa appear irrevocably
dedicated to the past, to no compromise,
to the rallying cry that algeria is
French"
It is not easy to foreSee, at this
point, by what force or strategy this
powerful movement Of disloyalty can be
reduced to a recognition of constitu-
tional authority. AS President de Gaulle,
back in the uniform of General of
France, broadcast to the people that he
had been granted dictatorial powers by
the Council of Ministers, his voice was
described as "cold with fury" The
French people themselves should share
that fury, and give him the support
needed to convince the inSurgent gen.
erals that theirs is not the way for a
France that has been truly revitalized,
politically and economically, in very
recent years, to live and behave at this
time.
Evening star., 1961-04-24

In the furor Of headlines
and crises, two anniversar-
les of Importance to the
American people took place
recently with almost no at
tention. On April 1S, TITS
a handful of Massachusetts,
farmers at Concord and Lex
ingtpn "fired the shot heard
round the world" and this
began the American Revolu-
ton. In mid-April. 1865, the
defeated Army Of Northern
Virginia disbanded, its men
returning to their ravaged
farms for the spring plant
ing and the American Civil
War was, to all intents and
purposes, over.
Few Americans are truly
aware Of the precarious be-
ginnings of our Republic,
nor for all the glamour and
publicity are they aware Of
the true magnitude and
unique nature Of our civil
war. For all its immensity
of scope as the greatest civil
conflict in recorded history
up to that time and for the
many tactical and techno-
logical innovations in the
science Of war that it usher
ed in, it still had a relative
degree Of dignity and chiv-
airy unequalled in any past
conflict, civil or expedi-
tionary.
In April, 1865, the combined
military forces of the Ameri-
can States constituted one
million seasoned combat vet
Grams backed by q powerful
industrial and agricultural
base. These forces Of the re-
united American people COM
prised q standing army and
Evening star., 1961-04-24

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDriters' correct
names and addresses. All let
ters are subject to condensd-
ton. Those not used tDtll be
returned only tohen accom-
panied BY self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-04-24

water will be glad to put q
lot Of effort into it,"
4 + y =
Ultimate fate Of the sun,
earth's star, will be q major
objective of research with a
new atomic power generator
just presented to California
Institute Of Technology by
the Navy.
The physicists are looking
ahead about S billion years
to the time when the sun
will have burned up all the
hydrogen, the present fuel
for its enormous heat and
light.
Tandem Generator"
The apparatus to be used.
in cooperative experiments
with the Office of Naval Re-
search is a so-called tandem
generator" Says DR.. Will
liam Fowler of the Cal Tech
faculty:
I'VE plan to work on the
structure and properties Of
the light elements. With ap-7
paratuS available in the past
we have studied the reac-
tions with which hydrogen is
burned in stars like our sun.
Give or take a few details,
we understand now the proc
esSeS by which hydrogen Is
converted into helium. Hy-
drogen is the fuel and helium
the ash of our sun and we
know with only some small
uncertainties the rate at
which hydrogen is burned.
I'VE now will study the
reaction by which helium is
consumed. Eventually 5 bill
lion years from now our sun,
like many other stars, will
have consumed its hydrogen
and start to burn helium. We
have only hints as to the re-
actions involved in burning
helium. With this machine
we will be able to study it's
reactions with nuclei such as
carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and
neon. When we finish that
we will understand just how
our sun will begin to evolve
and start to burn up its he
lium, which. is the ashes of
hydrogen. BY that time the
sun will be enormous and
its hot gases will have en-
compaSsed the earth"
Evening star., 1961-04-24

rather consider whether the
feat has really h helped to
make this world a better and
friendlier place in which to
live. II it has done even a
little bit in that direction,
then 1t Is an achievement.
Ralph E. McCabe
Reddinp. Calf
Evening star., 1961-04-24
THE PASSING SCENE
Invasion Plan Not Co-ordinoted
By RALPH McGILL

indeed. they did not have
some hand in the unco-ordi-
mated launching Of it.
At any rate. the one major
landing force was badly
chewed up. An unknown
number of survivors have
reached the mountains. The
rebel movement will go on.
Castro will have no rest. But
there will be, if possible.
sweeping reorganization of
methods, security and pro-
cedures.
Cuban groups are deeply
disturbed. The more angry
ones in Rays forces are
charging that American
business groups, whose prop
critics had been seized by
Castro's Communist ma
tionalization," were too
strongly influential with the
Cardona organization. 1t
was their wiShful thinking,
according to some Of the Ray
followers, who convinced
those responsible for setting
off the invasion, that the
people were ripe for revo-
luton" Whether this be
true or not, this issue was
the major one between the
two camps.
Ray knew that the social
reforms carried out by Cas-
tro, such as building schools,
clinics, and opening large
private beaches to public
use were justified and popu-
lar. This, with the promise
of land for the landless, had
been the basis of CaStro's
strength. Rays policy,
which would have paid the
foreign and Cuban COM
panies for loss Of their
property, nonetheless would
have retained the social re-
forms. He planned to make
this a strong argument in
the propaganda to accom-
pany the sabotage. The Gu
bans would have been told
they would retain their rural
schools, the clinics in the
back country, and would be
able to purchase land on a
longtime basis and continue
to enjoy the beaches Of their
country.
Propaganda Point
Ray believed he had q
strong propaganda point
about land. Castro, in the
beginning, had pledged own
ership of land. But when
the Communists were able to
take him over, title to the
small farms was held by the
government.
Castro meanwhile, was
charging. untruly, that Car
dona and his forces were
dominated by BatiSta and
that they would, if victori-
Gus, take back from the peo-
pie all that had been given
them. Our Administration
comedies, privately, that a
serious miscalculation was
made. Only time will tell
how much damage has been
done the United States in
the relations with the rest
of the world, especially Latin
America. .'''-
But a grim young Presi-
dent will not seek for ex-
cuses or whipping boys. He
will act, as Castro will learn.
Evening star., 1961-04-24
First Atlantic Flight

The Star of April 16 states
that Lindbergh made the first
successful flight across. the
Atlantic. We'll just what kind
of q flight did John Alcock
and A. w. Brown of England
make when they flew from
st. Johns Newfoundland to
Clifton, Ireland on June IA
is, 1919? No wonder our
American school children are
so dumb-their teachers are
dumb also.
Oswald MurgatrOyd.
Evening star., 1961-04-24

unless this is done, we are afraid there
will be no agreement. Certainly the job
of pricing land in urban renewal projects
is not as simple as some critics of the
RIA would make it appear, Only when
this decision is reached firmly and final
ly, however, will the RIA be in position
to take a really meaningful stand, with
respect to Mr.. Zeckendorf or anyone else.
Evening star., 1961-04-24
Answers to Questions
BY THE HASKINS SERVICE

@. What are the six
standard" holidays in union
contracts which specify paid
holidays?-H. B.
A. The six holidays gen.
orally referred to as standard
are Christmas Day, Labor
Day, Thanksgiving Day, New
Years Day, independence
Day, and Memorial Day.
These are designated in over
80 per cent of major union
contracts with paid holiday
provisions.
Evening star., 1961-04-24
Street Repair Tip

Redding. Calf.
Evening star., 1961-09-17
Satellite Cities

The planners hope that the Federal Government
will help them plan for systematic growth in the
region by placing new Government office buildings
in satellite suburban cities" About 600 900 of the
expected million new jobs in the suburban area in
the coming decades will be located in these "cties"
the planners say
These suburban business sections will contain
highrise office buildings-Some of them containing
Federal agencies-as well as shopping districts The
planners predict that each of these districts will
provide employment for between $4,000 to 10000
people.
But the satellite cities dreams for the future.
For the present, the planners predict continuation
of recent trends in employment
Between 1850 and 1860, the largest increase in
employment have been experienced in State and local
government (85 per cent, the tourist industry the
areas tiny manufacturing interests ga per cent?
and in retail trade GA per cent?.
other substantial increases in the past decade
were in the financial insurance and real estate bus
nesses, professional and medical services and in the
wholesale trade. (See chart)
In the immediate future, the planners feel that
these areas will continue to have the highest rate
Of growth.
AS a general statement, the National Capital
Planning Commission says that there will be
above-average increase in white-collar and retail
service jobs. Slower rates of increase will be expert
enced by the craftsman and aborer categories, and
there will be decrease in farm labor employment.
The tiny manufacturing industry in Washington
is expected to show generally large increases in the
next 40 years, reflectng trend which began in the
mid1950s The planners believe that the type of indus
try here will continue to be centered around the
service type such food processing plants and in
light manufacturing, such as electronics
Because Baltimore, with its port facilities and
skilled labor pool is so close to Washington the
planners feel that heavier industry wishing to locate
in this part of the country will gravitate to that city
rather than to the Washington suburbs
Evening star., 1961-09-17

this larger increase in the number of jobs in the
suburbs Increased traffic congestion and the lack
OF large tracts for new office commercial business
downtown will be among the factors.
In making these projections, the planners had
to take redevelopment in the Southwest and around
Capitol Hill into consideration They said that 10000
people now work on Capitol Hill and in the area
Immediately surrounding the Mall. Some $1,000 of
these people work for the Federal Government
New Federal and private-nterest buildings in
the Southwest will increase the number of Federal
jobs to about $1,000 and the number of private jobs
from the present 5000 to about 10000 This increase
will take many years. but the buildup will begin when
the Southwest area redevelopment is complete.
But the increase of Federal jobs in the downtown
area will be dwarfed by the increase throughout the
entire region. Last year, there were $4,000 people
working for Uncle Sam in the metropolitan region.
BY 1880, about 100000 people will be on the Federal
payroll here. Most of the increase will be in the
suburban areas
Evening star., 1961-09-17
The Job Picture

The young city planner leaned across multi
colored, large-scale map Of downtown Washington,
and explained that every slight difference in shading
represented new building, or proposed urban
renewal area, or the site of future superhighway
We're pretty accurate when we talk about these
things, But what tell you about future employ
ment trends in the new Washington? That's mighty
tough question to ask about the Federal City, where
employment can change overnight because of war,
or a total disarmament effort, or a new adminstra-
ton policy. All do is give you a general idea"
And the general picture is that past employment
trends in Washington will continue and the changes
would be almost unnoticeable in the immediate future
Evening star., 1961-09-17

science industries will bring about diffusion Of the
Washington economy-and terms 1t healthy trend.
I'VE can expect the rise Of this new basic en-
poyment to bring inevitably the service enterprises
formerly concentrated downtown" he says. Depart
ment stores, banks, amusement centers and the like
are consumer -oriented and they must be in the
suburbs to serve these people"
But the trade spokesmen insists Washington busi-
ness should not lose faith in the central city simply
because of the tremendous growth of research beyond
its limits.
II think it's encouraging" he asserts, because
it's developing a stronger economy in the whole area
and more interdependence Many scence-related
industries require an additional in-town location.
National companies all the world, in fact find
need for Washington office for Government aison"
Consider, for example the fast-expanding C-E-I-R,
Inc, research company in Arlington, Va, just
the Potomac River. Founded nine years ago as the
non-profit Council for Economic and Industry Re
search, it became a publicly owned corporation two
years ago, now employs $50 in computer and other
technical work
OF these, 203 live in Virginia 40 across the river
in the District of Columbia and % in Maryland It's
safe bet that all three categories shop ndiscrim-
nately in the greater Washington area, for only
few miles separate the three.
Evening star., 1961-09-17
Science Among the Monuments

The visitor of the pre-word War II period who
family remembers washington as trolley ride
through forest of monuments must reckon with
a new force in the Nations Capital: Science.
Not only do private research and development
companies dot the landscape around the colossus OF
Government, but their role is helping lessen the
dependence of the local economy on Federal payrolls
According to a recent study by the Washington
Board Of Trades Science Bureau more than 10000
persons employed in scientific organizations here
They are on the payroll Of 100 private companies
plus the usual Government-related agencies and
associations
The growth of the private sector of research,
coupled with an equally spectacular Government
sponsored science effort in Washington, has
aged to rank Washington among the top research
in the Nation parallel with the science complex
around Boston the peninsula south Of San Francisco
According to the Science Bureau, the companies
pour approximately $144 million year in payrolls
into the local economy.
Evening star., 1961-09-17
Ronoe Is Wide

These companies come in every sort of size and
activity They range from the biggest Melpar, Inc,
with 1900 employees in nearby suburban Virginia, to
the tiny u s. Infrared Corp with only two full-tme
employees.
Their work takes them into the remotest corners
of mans curiosity, from reading machines to Project
Mercury tracking Sites from studies of Soviet mental
hospitals to aerosol packaging
II think that our science community will continue
to grow" comments Richard P. Dunn president of
julius Garfinckel g. Co.
Scientists, like other professions, tend to group
together" he adds.
Mr.. Dunn ikenS Washington to the Research
Triangle" found in North Carolina. The latter science
complex postwar phenomenon like WaShington's,
is situated between Raleigh Chapel Hill and Durham.
Stimulated at first by the universities in these Cities
Science-oriented companies now are Turing both
capital and highly educated, wel-paid population
to the region.
Evening star., 1961-09-17
Outline of Trends
What are these trends?

What are these trends?
One is the decreasing relative Importance of the
Federal Government employer, as private in
dustres expand and new types of industries locate
in the area
Another is the gradual lessening in Importance
of the core City of Washington as the major source
of jobs in the area This trend is result of the rapid
increase in the number and variety of Jobs in the
suburban counties
At present, the core City of Washington provides
40 per cent of all jobs in the metropolitan region
making it relatively more important to its region
job center than any other American city is to its
surrounding area.
And as it has since the founding of the city, the
Federal Government dominated the employment pic
ture here in 1860 At present the Federal Government
employs one-third of the metropolitan labor force
This is huge slice when compared to Detroit,
the Auto City," where only one-fourth of the work
force is employed in the auto industry Or to Pitts
burgh the steel City,, where fifth of the labor
force picks up its pay check at steel mills.
Statisticians of the National Capital Planning
Commission believe that Federal employment here
will continue to grow, but at a much slower rate
than some areas of private employment They feel
that in the future possibly by $780, the role of the
Federal Government as an employer will approximate
the role of the auto industry in Detrot-usng about
one-fourth of the labor force.
The planners feel this is all part of the overall
trend which started in 1900 In that year. the Federal
Government employed 88 per cent of the labor force
This percentage slipped to about so in 1920 and to 40
this year.
The declining Importance of downtown as a job
center in the next decade also is part of larger
trend, the planners say They believe that the actual
number Of jobs will increase, but the increase will be
unable to maintain the expected growth rate of the
suburban counties.
Last year, for exemple, the downtown area pro-
vided $4,000 jobs, including two-thirds of all the
Federal jobs in the region. BY the year 1000, the
downtown will still contain half of the enlarged
Federal employment in the region But Federal en-
ployment outside the core city will triple in the
period from the present 10000 to about 100000
Evening star., 1961-09-17
Trend Seen as Good

Andrew Parker, president of woodward g. Lothrop
Department Store here, considers the influx an en-
couraging sign.
II think the trend for private industry including
research to locate in the Washington area is all to
the good" he declares. He emphasizes that the high
percentage of white collar employees with middle and
upper-middle incomes found in scence-related COM
panieS are always a community asset. This income
bracket, he says, has been the backbone of our
clientele in the past They viii buy the things we
have to SELL"
According to Gordon Kennedy, ir, Science Bureau
manager, private scientific companies have doubled
since 1854 here and quadruped since 1880 About one
employed person in IL in the washington area now
works in the field of science.
Evening star., 1961-09-17
Effect on the Area

Research and development" predicts Mr.. Ken
nedy, means the depolarizaton of the Washington
area. The District itself will no longer be the sole
economic prop of this area with its huge Federal
payroll"
Evening star., 1961-09-17
A Million New Jobs

In all, about million new jobs of all types will
be created in the suburbs in the next four decades
The planners feel there are many reasons for
Evening star., 1961-09-17
As Others See Us
lin thousands Of workers.

"The City of Washington-the central star of
the constellation which enightens the whole world"
Toast by Gen. Lafayette, 1924.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1961-11-17

Manufacturers Suggested Retail Price for this
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