davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-03-12

down from his shipmates. All hardly needed
reminder that mistake could cost them their lives
They we're combat wise.
Almost home. A few days from New London,
Osborn began to worry about how his crew would
look when they arrived. In some individual cases,
rather weird Hanni6n passed the word: ''All uncon
ventional, untrimmed boards must be cut"
January 81, 1861 E. The George Washington
surfaced at 1923 am. EST 81 miles southeast of
Block Island, r. |. 1t was more than 66 and one
half days since she had submerged, new record.
Previously, the Sed,Colf had held the distinction of
remaining sealed the longest under water - 90 days.
10 hours.
bre0sh Of fresh Gir
When the matches were thrown open and cold
fresh air poured into the George Washington, men
gasped with pleasure. 1t had never tasted more
delicious - that is to all but DR.. Richardson, the
keeper of the George WaJtington's closed atmos-
pheric system.
'A you can smell is diesel fuel oil from all these
Arizona sun., 1961-11-02
King Undecided
Over Movie Role

Rev. M. L. King Jr. revealed In
Atlanta he has not yet signed a
contract to portray the role OF
Senator King of Georgia" in the
screen version of the Broadway
Play, ADVISE AND CONSENT. =
The 5000 that he will receive for
the bit role, the minister said that
he would give to the Southern
Christian Leadership Conference
which he heads. The contract IN
cludes an escape clause" re-
vealed under which the movie will
be viewed by a four-member COM
mittee of his choosing. Rev. King
said that if the committee decided
that the role violated his public
image, then he would have his part
excluded from the movie. Rev.
King has been given advance pub
licity to his tentative role to which
he said he was surprised.
Arizona sun., 1961-11-02

Boston-The time has. come for
"a broad and sweeping. rather
than a piecemeal, approach to the
use of executive power to end
racial discrimination in all federal
ly-aided programs, NAACP Exc
cutive Secretary Roy Wilkins de-
clared in an address delivered
here at Brandeis University.
Mr.. Wilkins delivered the sec
ond address in the university's
Helmsley lecture series on Anne
rican Racial Policy-Its Interna-
tional Impact" In his address, on
Oct. II, the NAACP leader noted
that President Kennedy had tend
ed to handle the civil rights issue
in segments whereas, he content
ed, the urgent need is for an over
all executive order banning racial
segregation and other forms OF
discrimination in all programs re-
ceiving any federal assistance.
Review the history of the civil
rights struggle in the United States,
Mr.. wilkins observed that recent
developments have raised certain
Arizona sun., 1961-11-02
". W. Laws Case Appealed By NAACP

Carter and two other NAACP law
yers of Washington, Frank D.
Reeves and j. Francis Pohlhaus.
Appearing as witnesses for him
were Clarence Mitchell, director
Of the Associations Washington
Bureau, and Raymond A. c. Young,
a supervisor in the Baltimore Post
Office.
Mr.. Mitchell testified that he had
been prompted to take an interest
in the case and that one of them
had admitted that a promise had
been made to fire Mr.. Law.
The committee took note of the
fact that the Savannah letter car
rier had not been informed by his
supervisors of unsatisfactory work.
1t also noted that one of the charges
was two years old and, moreover,
that he had been cleared by a
court of law for the alleged Of
fense. Members of the committee
further found implications of an
entrapment' as indicated by the
special effort made ito get suf-
ficient evidence of violations Of
postal rules and regulations by
Mr.. Law to warrant his removal. .
Of the five charges brought a.
gainst Mr.. Law, the committee
unanimously rejected three. On a
fourth charge, the committee voted
two-to-one not to sustain. The fifth
charge was unanimously sustained.
However, the committee noted two
to-one that the penalty should not
be discharge but a letter of repri-
mand. On this charge alone, one
member voted to sustain the. dis
missal. h
Arizona sun., 1961-11-02
Rally By Stay
American Group

The Stay American Committee
will hold its first public rally FRI
day at Neighborhood House, 9TH
st. and Southern at 300 pm. ac'
cording to W.. Buckner Hammer,
Stay American candidate for may
or. The public is invited to attend.
1--WE want to go to the peole and
we hope to hold another public
rally next week." he said.
According to Rev Darby, one
of the candidates for council, I'VE
are documenting our charges a.
gainst the Charter government.
There will be no shadow boxing
or innuendos. We feel that tn e
voters are capable of forming their
own opinions and how to vote if
give an opportunity to hear both
sides.
Arizona sun., 1961-11-02

the students were arrested by Ba-
ton Rouge police Captain Robert
Weiner, who operated a flying
police squad which made arrests
in these cases simply because the
Negro students were sitting at
lunch counters reserved for whites.
Mr.. Greenberg argued that such
arrests were essentially state ac-
ton to maintain and preserve rae
ial segregation, and such use of
state power is expressly prohibit
ed by the Fourteenth Amendment
of the U. S. Constitution.
Mr.. Greenberg also told the
Court, in answer to a question by
Justice John Harlan, that if re-
fusing to leave a lunch counter
when ordered by a policeman con-
stituted a breach of the peace. then
the Louisiana statute itself was
unconstitutional, for making the
mere presence of Negroes at
a white lunch counter constitute
breach of the peace" "
John F. Ward, Jr.. Asst. Dis
trict Attorney in Baton Rouge,
argued for Louisiana.
Mr.. Ward contended that the
Arizona sun., 1961-11-02

New York-Postmaster General
j. Edward Day will be called upon
to reinstate w. w. Law discharg-
ed Savannah. Ga, letter carrier
and NAACP leader, Robert L. Cart
er, NAACP general counsel, has
announced.
Mr.. Carter's announcement. that
he is preparing an appeal to- the
Postmaster General followed re-
lection by the regional Post. Office
director of recommendations Of a
three-man grievance committee
which last month voted two-to-
one with full pay for lost time.
The regional director, ]. w. As
kew of Atlanta, notified Mr.. Law
on Oct. 18 that. despite the find
ings of the departmental grievance
committee, he sustained the letter
carriers discharge of Sept. Is.
The committee met on Sept. %
to hear the Post Office charges
against Mr.. Law which the NAACP
characterized as ''trumped-up, !"
contending that the real reason
for the dismissal was. Mr.. Laws
leadership of the Association j n
Georgia and particularly because
of the effective selective buying
campaign which he conducted dur
ing 196O-61 AS a result of this cam
paign, downtown merchants in
Savannah agreed to serve Negroes
at lunch counters, to employ them
in other than menial jobs, and to
treat them with courtesy as custo-
merS.
At the hearing in Washington,
Mr.. Law was represented by Mr..
Arizona sun., 1961-11-02
NEGRO FIGHTER
PILOT DIES

Eugene Jacques Bullard, grand
son of a slave, fled the State of
Georgia, in his early teens. Bull
lard fled in front of a white mob
which had just lynched his broth
er. The youngster slowed away on
a ship at Newport News. Va, after
which he found himself whistling
for pennies on the streets of Aber-
deem, Maryland. He became a box
er Of note at IL; joined the French
Foreign Legion; subsequently the
famed Lafayette Escadrille, where
he won fame as the first Negro
fighter pilot of World War |, shoot
ing down two enemy planes. He
became a French resistance figh-
ter in World War H. Billiard be-
came a citizen of two countries
between the two wars. He became
the toast of France, winning his
citizenship there while still remain
ing citizen of the U. S. He won
fame as bandleader, restaurn-
teur (giving the then young as
piring poet Langston Hughes a
diShwasher job, and operator OF
a gym for young boxers. Bullard
won Is French decorations lin
Guiding the Croix de Guerre and the
Croix de la France libre) for his
efforts in war, married a French
noblewoman. Bullard was chosen
to light the everlasting flame OF
the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
after he returned to live in the
u. S. in, 1854. After lengthy ill
ness, he died last week, in New
York at the age Of 81, leaving a
manuscript of his autobiography
which he hoped poet Hughes would
proof read.
Arizona sun., 1961-11-02
NEGRO LAUDS JIM CROW.

New York-A Negro industrial
consultant'' came to Columbia
University here this week to tell
of the mutual courtesy and re-
spect" between white and Negro
MissiSsippians.
Joseph Francis Albright, form
er assistant in the U. S., Veterans
Affairs office under President Tru-
man, told the student audience
that his plane fare had been paid
by the Mississippi State Sovering-
ty Commission, but that he receive
nothing from the state for his serv-
ices.
He said Negroes and whites in
Mississippi work together, plan
together and make progress to-
gether-but under segregation" He
made 25-minute speech extolling
advantages of Negro life in Missi-
ssippi.
But, the $50 students-moStly
white-weren't buying.
Mr.. Albright admitted that he
Arizona sun., 1961-11-02

personally" does not like segre-
cation policies, but state law must
be respected. ''The certain road
to anarchy lies in disobedience to
law" he said.
A student countered by asking if
Mississippi was right in defying
the U. S. Supreme Courts 1854
school integration ruling.
Mr.. Albright hedged
Another student asked, How
can law be true and representative
if no Negroes, who represent As
per cent of the states residents,
are in the state legislature?"
Mr.. Albright explained that ad-
mission of Negroes to the legis-
lature was not important. He said.
Negroes do not have to be rep
resented to assure fair considera-
ton in Mississippi's legislature. "
He was unable to cite the percent
age of Negroes registered to vote
in his state.
Continued on Page Three
Arizona sun., 1961-11-02

The cases involve convictions OF
sixteen Negro students in three
lunch counter demonstrations IN
Baton Rouge. La.
Jack Greenberg, NAACP Legal
Defense Fund General Counsel,
asked the Court to reverse the
Louisiana convictions The students
were arrested for breach of the
peace in April, 1860, and sentenced
to thirty days in Jail plus $1OO
fine. or, in lieu of the fine, another
ninety days.
The Supreme Court chamber
was filled with interested specta-
tors. including U. S. Solicitor
General Archibald Cox and NAA-
CP Executive Secretary Roy Will
kins.
John johnson of Cullen, La,
and Kenneth L. johnson OF Baton
Rouge. La, two of the arrested
'.sit-inners," were present. They
are both currently attending How
ard University in Washington, D.
c.
Mr.. Greenberg told the Court
that the Louisiana trial court rec
ord did not substantiate a charge
of "breach of the peace in any
of the cases. He contended that
Arizona sun., 1961-11-02

Jackson, Miss-Six snarling Ger
man police dogs were used to
scatter NAACP students demon
strating against a segregated state
fair here this week.
Dogs were also used on Negro
citizens here last March as they
cheered group of NAACP sit-ln
students outside the courthouse.
The students, their picket line
broken up, were chased for several
blocks by the dogs, trained by an
ex-Nazi trooper. They were pro-
testing the segregated state fair
after being denied admission to
Arizona sun., 1961-11-02
Roy Wilkins. Exec. Secretary, Calls
For Overall Anti-Bias Order

pertinent questions. Is the coun-
try, he asked, confronted with a
serious erosion Of confidence in
the traditional processes whereby
ills are righted and reforms a.
chieved in a democracy? Are the
Constitution, the courts, the legis-
latiye and executive power, even
the elective franchise, falling into
significant disfavor as the avenues
Of choice in bringing about needed
changes?.
Arizona sun., 1961-11-02

arrests were justified in the light
of violence in other cities where
protest demonstrations had taken
place, and because of the existing
inflammatory mood in Baton Rouge
at the time of the demonstrations.
On this he was closely questioned
by the Court, and was hard press
ed to document his assertions.
Mr.. Ward also argued that though
the students were not actually
asked to leave by representatives
of the three businesses involved,
their being told they could not
be served should be interpreted
as a request to leave. He was ques-
toned on this point by Justice Hugo
L. Black, who suggested that there
was a difference between telling
the students they would not be
served at the white lunch counters
and ordering them out.
The Louisiana attorney conclud-
ed his argument by asking the
Court to take judicial notice of
the, atmosphere in, Baton Rouge,
even though there was. no testi-
+mony concerning the mood of the
city in the record,
. A Supreme Court decision often
may ! not be handed down until
thirty days after argument, but in
more complex cases, such as this
one, it is not unusual for the Court
to deliberate longer. q
Arizona sun., 1961-11-02
c0NANT'S VIEWS CHALLENGED
RaciaI Integrdtiorl
Only Solution For
Educational Inequality

New York-Dr. James B. Con-
ants assertion that the real
issue" in public education ''is not
racial integration but socio-econo-
mic integration" has been chal-
lenged by Robert L. Carter, gem
eral counsel of the National AS
socation for the Advancement OF
Colored People.
The controversial views of the
former president of Harvard Uni
versity are set forth in his new
book, Slums and Suburbs, publish-
ed this week by McGraw-Hill. DR..
Conant maintains in his study that
it would be far better for those
who are agitating for the delib-
crate mixing of children to ac-
cept de facto segregated schools
as a consequence Of the present
housing situation and to work for
the improvement of slum schools,
whether Negro or white ,... -
Commenting on the educators
views, Mr.. Carter contends that
socio-economic integration cam
not be achieved in a modern. large
urban center without racial inte-
grafton. The NAACP, in attempt
ing to achieve this goal, contri-
butes therefore to socio-economic
integration."
Further, the NAACP lawyer
points out, ''de factO school Sc.
gregation stems not only from
residential segregation, as DR.. Con-
ant contends, but also from local
custom, apathy, inertia, and tra-
ditional criteria for zoning. Ger
tainly, greater integration in met
ropolitan areas. and in many small
Ter systems, could be achieved
despite housing patterns.
"The NAACP is not alone in Its
conviction that the effects Of de-
facto segregation are as harmful
as de jure segregation and that
racial integration is a desirable
educational objective I in demo-
cratic society. AS a part of the
effort to accomplish greater irte-
grafton, educational authorities
have the responsibility to provide
high educational standards for all
schools regardless Of location or
race" Mr.. Carter concluded.
Arizona sun., 1961-11-02
WILKINS Halls
JOB REPORT

The following statement has
been issued by Roy Wilkins, Elk
ecutive Secretary of the National
Association for the Advancement
OF Colored People, on the relase,
Oct. 13, by the United States Com
mission on Civil Rights of its re-
port on racial discrimination IN
employment:
The report just relased by the
u. S. Civil Rights Commission IS
a thorough Recommendation of the
impact of racial discriminatory
practices upon Negro workers. In
this respect it confirms findings
previously publicized in studies
and releases by the NAACP Labor
Department. Some of these NAACP
studies are, in fact, directly cited
in the Commissions report.
The report not only provides a
factual statement of the extent
and consequences of this discri-
mination: it highlights patterns
of discrimination originating in the
practices of many trade unions,
notably in the construction and
metal crafts industries. 1t finds
that such labor organization bias
is often the decisive factor in ex-
clusion of Negroes from skilled
employment.
The significant role of the Fed
eral government in undergirding
discrimination is not spared. Fed
eral subsidization of discrimina-
tory referrals by state employment
services throughout the South is
clearly noted, as is the broad range
of governmental responsibility in
discrimination against Negroes in
a variety of vocational, technical
and apprenticeship training pro
grams. II
=. In general, the. Commissions
recommendations for Federal cor
rective action parallel proposals
which have been advanced by the
NAACP and, more particularly, by
the memorandum on executive ac-
ton submitted to President Ken
nedy August 90 last by the Leader
ship Conference on Civil Rights.
Statutory authority for the .Presi-
dents Committee on Equal En-
ployment Opportunity and the with
holding of Federal funds from state
employment services and from
other programs operated in a dis
criminatory manner are key rec
concentrations.
Although the Commission recon-
mends amendment of the Labor
Management and Disclosure Act
of 1859 to forbid racial exclusion
by labor organizations, it does not
take the logical next step of ad-
vocating that the National Labor
Relations Board withhold certifi-
cation from unions failing to COM
ply. The omission of a call for Fed
eral fair employment practices
is also disappointment.
Continued on Page Three
Arizona sun., 1961-11-02

the white state fair the week be-
fore.
Police told Medgar Evers, NAA-
CP field secretary for Mississippi,
and the protesting students to
leave. AS Mr.. Evers started to go,
he shouted to the others, Come
on. we've been told to leave"
Next came the Mississippi canine
attack.
Most of the persons, inside and
outside for the fair, followed the
NAACP students, making the dem
onstration almost 100 per cent ef-
fective.
Arizona sun., 1961-11-02
Ap 7uREAUD, NEGRO LAWYER, BEING CONSIDERED FOR POST

the Democrats to name Negroes
to key posts.
Two Birmingham lawyers Peter
A. Hall and Orzell Billingsley have
arrived in Washington to urge that
Negroes be named to U. S. posts
in Alabama for the frs time
since Reconstruction.
Arizona sun., 1961-11-02

White political leaders of Louisi-
ana are vainly protesting the con-
sideration of NAACP lawyer, A.
P. Tureaud for the post of con-
troller of customs in New Orleans.
In Louisiana, negro groups have
been protesting their exclusion
from posts in that area. Mrs.
Katie Whickham, has been named
Arizona sun., 1961-11-02
COPS Use DOGS TO CHASE STUDENTS

A total of seven youngsters was
arrested, including four from the
Associations chapter at Tougaloo
Christian College here. The four
were Miss Mary Claudette Allen,
Dave B. Jones, Calvin j. Brown
and Robert Honeysucker.
Their bond was posted by the
NAACP. Arrests were made on
the charge of breach of the peace.
One bystander, a Negro, was bit
ten and taken to the hospital as a
result.
The Mississippi police offered to
buy him a new pair of pants.
Arizona sun., 1961-11-02

on a per diem basis. Atty. A. P.
Tureaud, as one Of the lawyers
for the sit-in cases before the
Supreme Court, refused to COM
ment on the situation. Negro DEM
ocrats have urged the Democrats
to "set an example" said friends
to a post of Civil Defense body
of Atty. Tureaud They have urged
Arizona sun., 1961-11-02
NAACP Charges Air
Force With Segregation
By Deception Used

Washington Segregation by de.
ception is charged in complaint
filed by the National Association
for the Advancement of Colored
People with the Department of the
Air Force.
Investigation by NAACP Field
Secretary L. C. Bates in Arkansas
revealed that IS Negro students.
children of personnel stationed at
the Blytheville Air Force Base, are
enrolled" in the nearby GosneH
school but attend two N egr0
schools, six and eight miles away
Continued on Page Three)
Arizona sun., 1961-11-02
Choir Sponsors
Musical

Mt. Calvary Baptist Choir music
department will sponsor a musical
Nov. 8, 1861 at 2:45 pm. with
choirs from various churches OF
the city.
Members Of the committee are:
Florence Jewell, Freddie Eriven
and Robert Sutton Jr.
Arizona sun., 1961-11-02
u. S. SUPREME COURT Heard FIRST
ARGUMENT AGAINST SIT.IN CASES

WASHINGTON = The staid and historic chamber
of the u Supreme Court the last Thursday
of oral argument on the first southern stn cases
which the Court has agreed to review
Arizona sun., 1961-11-02

State LIBRARY e archives pA,n
state Capitol Building
Dboenix Ariz u. S. Postage
Phoenix Arizona
Bulk Rate
Pernntr mi, 446
Arizona sun., 1961-11-02
THE NEGRO PRESS CREDO

The Negro Press believes that America
can best lead the world away from racial and
national antagOnisms when it accOrds to every
man, regardless of race, color or creed, his
human and legal rights. Hating no man, fearing
no man. the Negro Press strives to help every
man in the firm belief that all are hurt long
as anyone is held back.
Arizona sun., 1961-11-02

This momentous crisis in the life Of Or
ganized mankind may be likened to the cuE
minating stage in the political evolution OF the
great American Republic - the stage which
marked the emergence Of unified community
of federated States
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-03
DO YOU TAKE
WTAMINS and
STILL FEEL TIRED?

If you take vitamins, get enough rest, yet
still feel tired-you may need more than
ordinary vitamins to restore your normal
strength and energy. Check with your doc
tor. He may tell you that your WORKOUT feel
ing can be due to a shortage of essential iron.
VitaminS alone can't build up iron-poor
blood But GERIToL can! Because GERIToL
not only contains 7 important vitaminS but,
in addition, supplies the therapeutic amount
of iron needed to build iron-rich red blood.
Just GERIToL tablets, or 2 tablespoons of
GERIToL liquid, contain twice the iron in
pound of calves liver! Seven times the iron
in pound of spinach! 1t is this rich source
of iron, in combination with high-potency
vitaminS, including essential B vitamins in
8 to times the minimum daily require
mentS, that make GENToL such an effective
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-03

81 contributors, $6, 463; Admiral
F. Kent LOOMS for mems gen.
eral, 122, $4,444; Mrs. Michael
F. Markell for women'S general,
258, $4,995, and Clyde Hale for
Cathedral staff, l25, $3,102.
Gifts for the drive sent by
mail exceeded by more than so
per cent the goal Of $500 set for
this division. Twenty-nine per-
sons sent $3.50.
Labor Secretary Goldberg will
address the second report meet
ing at 1890 pm. next Monday
in the YWCA, Mr.. Kenney
announced.
DR.. Charles D. Kean, rector
Of Epiphany Episcopal Church
and president of the National
Capital Area Council of
Churches, told the gathering
many people do not take the
church seriously because of the
tragic divisions of Christian
churches competing with one
another"
The $4,000 campaign fund
represents approximately Is per
cent Of the $541, 900 budget
for 1852. The remainder
comes from offerings at the
1900 services held during the
year, proceeds from private
endowments and other estab-
liShed income.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-03
Cathedral Fund
Tops S26,6OO

The 1861 Washington Ca
thedral sustaining fund cam
paign has collected nearly 80
per cent of its $4,000 goal.
w. John Kenney, general
campaign chairman, told work.
erS at the first report luncheon
yesterday in the YWCA, Sew
enteenth and K streets NV,
that $50 persons have given
$26,655 to the drive.
This tops last years first re-
port figure, when 542 contribu-
tors gave $25, 904, or % per
cent of the $4,000 goal.
The largest division total of
5000 by so persons was an
nounced for the women'S Spe-
cial division by its chairman,
Mrs. William A. Howard. The
division last year at the first
meeting reported $3.50 from
Al contributors.
Other division reports by
their chairmen were Lewis
Clark for mems special division,