davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-04-24

Of his personal contacts with
the top Nazi officials.
When DIR. Servatius finished,
Mr.. HauSner rose and again
asked whether the police had
used dureSs to obtain Eich-
mann's answers.
There was no duress," Capt.
Less replied.
DR.. Baron began a long out
line Of the situation Of the
Jews in Europe. going back on
occasion to the 18th century
and coming up to the high
point" between the two wars.
In 1911" he said, two
thirds Of the 9.S million Jews
in Europe were not emanci-
pated."
He listed the restrictions on
them in various European
countries, and said many Jews
had been forced to go to West
ern Europe to attend univer-
sites.
Even so, the Jewish COM
munities did influence the eco
nomic and cultural life Of the
countries where they lived" he
continued.
He said they worked "shoul-
der to shoulder for Jewish cul-
ture," clinging to their religious
and historic traditions, and
struggling steadily for "eman-
cipation."
After 1914. he said, 1t was
virtually complete.
There were advances even in
Russia, DR.. Baron said. He
quoted Lenin as saying in 1908,
the Idea of Jewish national
ism has a reactionary charac-
ter" But in 1917, the historian
said, "Lenin included the Jews
among the national groups who
would be permitted to set up
SovietS Of their own"
In every generation" DR..
Baron said, there have been
sadists who committed acts
against the Jews"
Nevertheless, he continued,
steady progress toward improv-
ing the position of European
Jewry went on and was at its
high point in Europe when the
Nazis came to power and
turned back the clock"
Eichmann made numerous
notes while the. professor was
speaking. He has said that he
was never anti-Semitic."
Telling Of Europe after the
first World War, the rise of
fasciSm and naziiSm and the
economic crises, DR.. Baron said:
There was q spiritual ten
sion which was difficult for any
nation to meet.
THE rise Of the new states
brought the Jews into q posi-
ton where most of them wanted
to leave the countries but they
could not because there were
considerable limitations :"
He said in the 1930S there
had been 9,S00,O0O Jews in all
Of Europe, influencing the eco
nomic, cultural and all other
fields Of life.
The professor said in his
opinion the period between the
two world wars was the height
Of Jewish emancipation"
And then came the Nazis
and showed that a highly de-
veloped and cultured country
could turn the clock backward"
he said.
DR.. Baron again and again
referred to the vitality" Of
Jewish communities in Europe
prior to the nazi holocaust.
He reviewed instances in his
tory in which the state gave
physical protection to syna-
gogues.
He said that when the nazis
destroyed 1913 synagogues in
Germany during a single night
in 1938-called the crystal
night" because Of all the win
dows broken, they made an
innovation in history"
Evening star., 1961-04-24

teered in the past three days to
fight terrorists.
The Bailundo are tradi-
tional enemies Of the Dembos
tribe, described by the news
agency as natural troGsle-
makers and bad neighbors to
other tribes. The Dembos
staged a big revolt during
World War I, supported by
money and weapons from Ger
many.
Hundreds of Portuguese COM
mandos and paratroopS have
gone to Mozambique, the East
African territory on the Indian
Ocean. The Rhodesias and
Nyasaland lie between Angola
and Mozambique.
Concentrate on Border
Lusitania said many para
troops in camouflaged battle
dress are stationed in the port
city Of Lourenco Marques. 300
miles east of Johannesburg.
Commando units have famed
out over the countryside, where
white settlers are few.
Other troops are reported
concentrated on Mozambique's
border with Tanganyika, to the
north, and the Mozambique
Nyasaland border to keep out
lnfiltratorS. Portuguese au-
thorities have threatened re-
prisals against Mozambique
residents who spread disquiet-
ing rumorS, the news agency
said.
Lisbon has given civilian and
Evening star., 1961-04-24

former member Of the United
States StafS at the international
military tribunal.
After a long and heated
struggle, Supreme Court JUS
tice Moshe Landau, president
Of the court trying Eichmann,
postponed decision on the affi-
davits until tomorrow. He in
structed DR.. Robert Servatius,
lawyer for Eichmann, and At
torney General Gideon HauSner
to come into court prepared to
plead the issue.
U. s. Professor Testifies
Earlier in the day, a witness
testified that Nazi Germany
wiped out overnight" the fruits
of a 200-year struggle by Euro
pean Jews to improve their So
cial and political position.
Echmann, listening intently,
began Scribbling rapidly on q
pad Of paper in the prisoners
dock. He was one of the early
members of the Nazi Party,
joining it in 1881 when it was
still outlawed in Austria.
The witness was DR.. Salo
Wittmayer Baron, professor of
Jewish history at Columbia
University in New York City.
He said:
THE Nazi movement showed
that, even in a highly developed
country, it was possible to turn
back the clock. The steady de-
velopment from 200 years Of
struggle by the Jews was set
back overnight"
The period between the two
world wars, he said. marked
the high point of Jewish
emancipation in Europe"
The prosecution put DR..
Baron on the stand to delineate
the social and political posi-
ton Of the Jews in Europe at
the moment when the Nazis
came to power, and to show the
extent of the damage wreaked
between 1888, when Adolf Hit
Ter came to power. and 1945,
when he committed suicide
amid the smoking ruins of the
Third Reich.
Police Captain QuizEed
Prior to his appearance on
the witness stand, Eichmann's
attorney, DR.. ServatiuS, sharply
questioned Capt. Avner Less Of
the Israeli police, who interro-
gated Eichmann over q period
Of eight months.
Capt. Less repeated that
Eichmann'S dictated state
mentS - amounting to more
than half q million words and
now part Of the court record
were given freely and not
under dureSs."
DR.. Servatius led Capt. Less
through q series Of questions
about the circumstances Of the
tape-recorded testimony by
Eiehmann, part Of which was
played last week. He asked
whether undue influence" had
been used on Eichmann, and
whether he was told to answer
questions about certain mat
terS and not about others.
81 take it there is an intent
behind these questions" said
Justice Landau.
May I ask the witness to
answer, yes or no, whether
there was an undue influence"
DR.. ServatiuS said.
Capt. Less replied firmly,
mo"
The other two judges also
shot q number of questions at
Capt. Less. One of them,
Benjamin Halevy, said he
noted "a kind of cross-examin-
ation-and this doesn't tally
with your other remarks"
There were sometimes con-
tradictionS in what the accused
said" Capt. Less replied. II
did 1t for elucidation."
Capt. Less said Eichmann has
written a 127-page recollection
Evening star., 1961-04-24
Affidovits Fight Flares
AT TrioI of Eichmonn
BY RELMAN MORN
Associated Press Staff Writer

JERUSALEM, April 24.-Adolf Eichmann's lawyer, after
fierce battle with the prosecution succeeded today delaying
admission into evidence Of afidavitS taken American
nterrogator before the Nuremberg ls46
The interrogator identified as Smith w Brookhart
Evening star., 1961-04-24

military commanders in both
Angola and Mozambique the
power to conScript civilians for
military duty, Lusitania said,
especially in exposed border
areas.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-10
WITHIN EASY REACH
Retreat in West Virginia

Blackwater Lodge. located In
| the park at the south rim Of
the Canyon, is as modern as q
city hotel. 1t has SIS guest
rooms, with rates ranging from
| ST for a single to SIS for -four
persons in a room with two
double beds. There is a dining
room accommodating $50. a
snack bar, gift shop, recreation
rooms and lounge.
Nearby are Is cabins, also
of modern decor and furnish
ings, and of varying size, &C
commodating 2, 4, 6 or 8 per-
sons, with one-night rates at
$12, $40, $28 and $36 respective
ly. After the first night, rates
drop to $3.50, $3.50, $3.50 and
$11.50.
The cabins are outfitted with
cooking utensils, dinnerware,
blankets and linens. Heat is by
forced air heater and stone
fireplace.
Applications for reservations
at Blackwater Lodge should be
made directly to the Lodge,
and for advance cabin reserva-
tions, to Conservation Com
mission, Division of State Parks,
State Office Building, Charles
ton 5, w. Val. J.
Next: Skyline Drive
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-10

black snakes through a rocky
gorge which is another scenic
attraction of the area. At its
deepest, it dips to 500 feet.
| In winter, this has been a
prime target for Washington
area skiiers. At Canaan Valley,
IL miles away, privately oper-
ated ski areas at Cabin Noun
tain and Weiss Knob offer such
facilities as tow lifts. ski in
struction, warming huts, ski
rental, and snack bars.
Another winter sport is ice
skating, usually possible on
Pendleton Run Lake and on
Mallow's Maple Lake. The
winter sports season runs from
December to March.
There is large variety of
summer activities, including a
supervised program led by a
recreation leader naturalist
and taking in guided hikes, il
lustrated lectures, movies and
square dancing.
Other summer activities in
clude swimming, on Pendleton
Lake; boating with rowboats
available for rent, also on
Pendleton Lake; five miles of
hiking trails; three miles of
bride trails, with horses avail
able for rent; a picnic area on
the north rim of Blackwater
Canyon. and a variety of games
in a court area near Pendleton
Lake.
Trout fishing in Blackwater
River is reputed to be good.
Good Accommodations
Overnight Accommodations are
excellent, but advance reser-
vations are a virtual must.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-10

This is one in q series Of stories which
will appear from time. TO time
in The Stor's troveI pages, concern
ing vacation spots and attractions
within cosy reach Of Washington.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-10
Old BoyLine
Stops Trips

BALTIMORE (AP).-Over-
night passenger service on the
Chesapeake Bay between Bal
timore and Norfolk has been
suspended for the winter by
the Old Bay Line.
The line, which has provided
service on the Bay for 12C
years, said passenger bookings
would be resumed next March
I'VE have a wonderful sum-
mer passenger season and are
sad to have to suspend this
service for the next six
months" said R. L. Jones,
traffic manager for Old Bay.
But we just don't have the
bookings to justify carrying a
large steward service during
the slack season."
Freight sailingS on a regular
schedule will continue during
the winter months, the COM
pany said. Old Bay operates
three liners, The City of Rich
mond, The City of Norfolk and
The District of Columbia.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-10
AIR FARE
Air Travel
In Europe
Up IS Pct.

Europe's scheduled airlines
had an increase of ISL per
cent in passengers from air.
port-to-airport during the first
three months this year.
The airlines reported, &C
cording to the International
Air Transport Association,
they carried more than l.9 mil
lion sector passengers" some
$4,000 more than in the first
quarter last year.
A sector passenger is one
carried over one flight stage.
Under this system, a single pas
senger could be counted twice,
or more often, depending on
how often his plane touched
down before reaching the final
destination. For example, a
traveller going from London to
Rome, and landing at Paris,
would be counted twice-once
for London-Paris sector and
once for the Paris Rome Sec
tor.
The first deHaviland Trident,
a jet passenger plane with
three engines mounted at the
tail, has come off the assembly
line in Britain. Test flights are
scheduled to begin in Deem
Der, and British European Air
ways hopes to put the first
Tridents into regular service in
1868. Each carries 100 passen-
gers and will be used on routes
Of 1000 miles or less.
Pan American World Always
next month inaugurates jet
flights between Miami and
Mexico City. Jet service to the
Mexican capital also will be
started from Tampa.
4
Panagra has increased its
DC-8 Jet service to Buenos
Aires to six times a week, and
has cut back on its DC-7 piston
service on the same route. The
airline also has replaced all
piston plane flights to San
tiago, Chile. with jets.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-10
POINTS OF INTEREST
Church, Home Tour
Planned in Virginia

VIRGINIA-An Autumn Pill
yrimage to Virginia's historic
homes, plantations and
churches is set for October 81
%. A series of tours are sched-
uled to 9 churches and "A
homes and plantations. A folder
describing the tours and telling
where tickets can be obtained
is available from the Virginia
Department of Conservation
and Development, Richmond,
Va.
WEST VIRGINIA-The Ka-
nawah County Majorette Fes-
tival will be held September 10
weather date, September 20)
at Laidley Field in Charleston
1t features majorettes and
bandsmen from all county
schools, and is highlighted by a
Miss Kanawha Majorette"
contest.
\ =
NORTH CAROLINA - The
18th Annual Mule Day Cele-
bration is set for September
1928 at Benson, with a grand
champion mule competition, -
street dancing. parade, queen
contest and music.
NEW YORK New York
City's Little Italy" in the
Lower East Side, will celebrate
the Feast of San Gennaro Sep
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-10
Lake Geneva =
Excursion Set

A half hour excursion OF
Lake Geneva is now available
on a regular basis from Lau-
same, Switzerland, leaving
Ouchy Port at Ais pm. and
returning at 4:45 pm.
The Sailings are aboard the
Grebe, latest unit of the local
steamship company. She is SO
feet long, and carries 100 pas
SengerS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-10
CIVIL WAR
BOOKLET
AVAILABLE

A reprint of the popular
sites of War" series
describing what the tourist
can see today at the
various battlefield sites of
the Civil Warts now
available in booklet form.
1t includes the text and
maps published with the
original series, plus several
additional photographs.
To obtain your copy,
send your request, along
with 80 cents plus 10 cents
for mailing and handling
charges, to Room AIS, The
Washington Star, 225 Vir-
ginia avenue Sc, Wash
ington 8, D. c.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-10

The vacation world has been
beating a path to the door Of
Blackwater Falls State Park.
Increasing interest in this
year-around recreation area
near Davis, w. Va, has, this
fall at least, cut sharply into a
popular package foliage tour
out of Washington.
In falls past, railways Bus
System has taken several bus
loads on week end jaunts
through the hills of Maryland,
West Virginia and Virginia,
overnighting at Blackwater
Lodge in the park.
But this year, because of ad-
vance reservations at the lodge,
railways has had to limit it's
foliage week ends to one bus
each, and there are standbys
waiting hopefully for cancel
lationS.
Key to its popularity is that
it is a wilderness retreat with
modern plumbing.
The 1,679-acre State park lies
in the mountains of Tucker
County, 4 miles from Davis, at
elevations ranging from $500
to 3.400 feet.
Focal point of the scenic
attractions is Blackwater Falls,
from which the park takes its
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-10

name. This spectacular STEP
ping-Stone cataract drops SO
feet. For close viewing, there
are steps leading down to the
base of the falls.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-10
Amber, Not Black

Blackwater River (the water,
incidentally, is amber, not
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-10
HOW TO GO

How to get to Black
water Falls State Park:
BY auto-Try a circle
route, going through Mary
land and returnin G
through West Virginia and
Virginia. The route is north
on Route 240 to Frederick;
west on Route 40 to Key
ser's Ridge; south on
Route 219 to its junction
with State Route 80; turn
off at Davis, w. Va, for
the park. On the return
trip retrace Routes 80 and
219 to Route so, and fol-
low Route SO east to
Washington.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-10

Next: Skyline Drive
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-10

you can get in on a lot of free
things. That's when Salute to
Servicemen Week" is held. Free
events include the Navy Uni
yerSity of Miami football game
October 4, swimming and
dances. Some hotels, motels and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-10

TENDER 1924 with lights, ban
ners, music and acres of pizza
pie" The festival centers on
Mulberry street. with the area
blocked off to traffic to make
room for game booths. band
stands and food vendors stalls.
FLORIDA-If you're a serv-
iceman in Miami October 1t,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-10

Overnight Accommodations are
excellent, but advance reSer-
vations are a virtual must.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-10
Duty-Free Shops

Duty free shops opened last
week at Confirm Airport, Gen.
eva, and Kloten Airport, Zurich
Swissair reports.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-10

tourist attractions offer dis
counts to servicemen during
the week.
Evening star., 1961-04-03
Not the End Yet

The fight of Maryland's inadequately
represented urban areas to gain a proper
voice in the General Assembly has met
temporary defeat again-but the fight
must and will go on. The reapportion-
ment bill pressed by Governor Tawes
has died for want of one more vote to
provide the three-fifths majority for
House passage. "a delegate who had
promised to vote for the measure found
it more convenient to attend to matters
on his Eastern Shore farm.) The rural
counties always have been the big
stumbling block to moves to give the
cities and built-up suburban areas more
strength at Annapolis.
The death of the fair-representa-
ton bill for this session is a blow to
nearby counties, where rapid popula-
ton growth juStifies an increase in the
number Of State legislators. And we
hope Montgomery County Delegate
Blair Lee III is right in saying that the
public demand for just representation
eventually will prevail over those who
would deny urban areas the voice In the
Legislature to which they are entitled.
Evening star., 1961-04-03
Stop, Look and Listen

With ample reason, the Presidents
approach to the Russian note on Laos is
that OF man who Is taking nothing for
granted-a man who intends to stop and
take careful look around before moving
on. Mr.. Kennedy said the Soviet response
to the British inquiry appears to be
useful step toward peaceful settlement
OF potentially dangerous situation"
He could hardly have said more, and
even this may overState the case.
Il. There are several reasons. One is
that the Russian note is fuzzy on the
question Of whether cease-fire, formal
or informal, shall precede negotiations
looking toward establishment of neu-
tral and independent Laotian govern
ment. Our official position has been that
the ceaSe-ftre must come first, and we
do not want to get involved in protracted
ceaSe-fire discussions while the Com
muniSt-Supported rebels continue to
hammer away at the Royal Laotian
forces.
A second reason for caution can be
found in the fact that the Chinese Com
mun1StS have said that the first step in
Laos must be, not a cease-fire, but the
convocation of an enlarged Geneva con-
ference. The Russians did not state it
this badly, and it is difficult to know
who is actually calling the signals on
the Communist side. Certainly, however,
Pe1ping will have an influential voice.
Furthermore, the Chinese Reds have
served notice that they will send troops
to Laos If SEATO uses force.
Finally, there Is the fact that the
rebel forces were winning an important
new military victory on the very day the
Russian note was being made public. AS
another bit of evidence pointing to the
weakness of the troops controlled by the
pro-WeStern government, this Is an ON
1nouS development. For it suggests that
the rebels and their Communist hackers
are capable of winning the war in Laos,
and 1t has not been In the Communist
nature in the past to yield at the con-
ference table that which they are
capable of taking by force.
Still, in this case the President has
no real choice except to explore the pos
sibilitieS of negotiation To say the least,
1t is doubtful that truly independent
Laos will emerge from a negotiated
settlement of this conflict. For the
Communists hold the high cards, and
they do not want an independent Laos.
The alternative, however, is to commit
American forces to the battle, and it
would be hard to find worse place for
military showdown with communism.
Evening star., 1961-04-03
Divide and Conquer?

Republican John Tower Of Texas
should be taking some comfort from the
spirit Of togetherness being displayed
by Democrats in the Lone Star State.
Seventy Of the latter, including one who
is Identified as Bing Crosby's father-in-
law, have paid the post fee Of $50 (pre-
Sumably small change in Texas) to
qualify as candidates in tomorrow's
election Of a United States Senator.
Unfortunately, perhaps, for Mr. Tower
the Tuesday count will not be conclusive
unless he, or one of the seventy, wins
SO per cent Of the total vote. If no one
does, there will be a run-off In May.
Still, even In Texas the voters may be
so exhausted by Democratic supplica-
tionS by now that Mr.. Tower will be
their choice. Somehow or other, there
is an urge to cheer for one who dares
compete with so many.
Evening star., 1961-04-03
To Ease the Impact

District Engineer Commissioner
Clarke's decision to shift the proposed
route of the east leg Of the inner loop
freeway will ease the impact of this
major thoroughfare on established
residential and other properties. Ger
tainly every possible effort should be
made to cause as little property destruc-
ton and community upheaval as is con-
sistent with urgent plans for expediting
the movement Of traffic through the city.
Under the original proposal for
carrying the inner loop through South
east and Northeast Washington, the
eight-lane expreSsway would have in
volved the demolishment of more homes
than would be required by shifting the
route one block to the west. Further
more, the new route, between 10th and
18th streets and extending from the 18th
Street bridge to Florida avenue North
Evening star., 1961-04-03

dustry be authorized to ad-
minister such an inter-
national fund. Our private
enterprise would be entitled
to elect a board of governors
which would have a say in
selecting foreign aid projects
that are to be sponsored.
Control over outlays should,
however, be exercised in
collaboration with the inter-
ested United States agencies,
and be subject to Executive
review to assure maximum
benefits for the West.
The next step would be
for the industries Of the
highly developed western ma
tions to participate. along
with their governments. West
Germany has already made
a start at the government
level. but 1t is up to America
to initiate foreign aid on this
new basis.
Paul A. Chadwell,
Research Economist