davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-03-10
DAVID LAWRENCE
Lawsuit Possibility on School Aid

religion would be aliens to
each other - hostile, suspi-
cioug, and even untriendly.
Churches could not be re-
quired to pay even property
taxes. municipalities would
not be permitted to render
police or fire, protection to
religious groups. Policemen
who help parishioners into
their places Of worship would
violate the Constitution.
Prayers in our legislative
halls. the appeals to the
Almighty in the messages Of
the Chief Executive; the pro-
clamations making Thanks
giving Day q holiday: So
help me God in our court
room oaths-these and all
other references to the Al
mighty that run through our
laws, our public rituals, our
ceremonies would be flouting'
the First Amendment"
The Catholic spokeSmen on
the school issue are not ask
ing for grants or gifts from
the Federal government, but
simply low-interest loans to
be used for school building
construction. The Federal
Government is engaged in
lending money for mortgages
and other purposes. II makes
no distinction between citizens
or corporations that borrow
public funds. To contend that
the Federal government can
not lend money to build a
parochial school, because
this might imply that the
Government is engaged in
the establishment Of reli-
gion," is to raise the question
Of whether the grant Of tax
exemptions or the beStowal
Of scholarships on Catholic
students under the "G1 Bill
Of Rights" Is a violation of
the First Amendment.
Certainly, the IS million
Catholic voters in the United
States will not relish the idea
that. because they happen to
want their children to get
religious education as q sup
plement to regular courses in
elementary and secondary
schools, they must lose the
benefit Of the taxes they
themselves pay into the
Federal Treasury which now
are to be used to aid in in
creasing educational facilities
throughout the country.
Copyright, 1850
Evening star., 1961-03-10
DORIS FLEEsON
Equal Time for Reply Likely If Kennedy
Takes His Program to the People

II President Kennedy takes
his program to the people in
fireSide chats as he now
thinks Of doing. Republicans
win ask for equal time.
Very probably they viii get
it, and should. What they
will have trouble With Is set
tling upon q spokesman. and
even more trouble settling
upon what will be presented
as Republican philosophy.
For It is surely clear by
now that the new President
has o mind and uses 1t, plus
the ability to express him
self precisely and succinctly.
He keeps mind and tongue
honed by reading and much
conversation with people
worth talking to.
His aim in the planned
television series win be to
teach the facts Of the Amer
lean situation as it passes in
continuous review across his
desk. His teaching gifts were
on display in the famous
campaign debates with Rich
ard Nixon.
Now added to those gifts
is the enormous authority of
the. Presidency backed by
party control Of the legis-
lative branch. Mr.. Kennedy
will not need to talk poll
tics" In the ordinary sense:
he hardly even needs to try
not to because his approach
is naturally 80 rational. It
Is his personality which is
politically so salable and in
fact led to early under-es-
timation Of his abilities.
Thus the ordinary polem-
les Of politics. at least at
this stage. will seem and be
irrelevant as an answer to
Evening star., 1961-03-10

There's q chance that, II
q law. is passed by Congress
that provides funds only for
public schools, its operation
may be enjoined in the
Federal courts on the ground
that it discriminates against
parochial and other private
schools.
The political strategists,
led by President Kennedy,
already are suggesting that
the issue of loans to private
and parochial schools be dis
posed. Of in q separate bill.
But this is only a way to kill
the, measure. For it is not
likely to get q majority in
Congress unless 1t Is part Of
the entire aid-to-education
bill, which makes grants for
school construction as well
as for scholarships.
To be excluded from this
particular measure is what
Is arousing widespread re-
sentiment among Catholics as
well as non Catholics who do
not want to see the conStitu-
tional; clause on the "estab-
liShment Of Q religion" used
to deprive any citizens Of
benefits that other citizens
enjoy.
Indeed, the Supreme Court
Of the United States in sew
eral cases has upheld the
principle that it is Q viola
ton of the Constitution for
the Government to demand
the surrender Of any consti-
tutional right aS q condition
for sharing In welfare bene-
fits. It Is being argued, there
fore, now that to say to the
millions Of Catholic parents
that they must send their
children to public schools
If they wish to receive certain
financial benefits provided by
the Federal Government-is,
in effect, to ask them to
forfeit their constitutional
freedom Of worship and thus
to impose Q penalty for
choosing to educate their
children in religious schools.
This view has been ex-
pressed often by Father Vir-
gil c. Blum, professor Of
political science at Marquette
Evening star., 1961-03-10
Court Action Called Likely if Congress
Gives Funds Only to Public Schools

University. who was one Of
the earliest proponents Of
the tax-refund or certificate
plan to aid parents who incur
double expense for education.
He wrote in October, 1857,
in The Homiletic and Pas
toral Review as follows:
Government cannot de-
mand that a child not attend
o church-related school as q
condition for sharing In the
States educational benefits.
When Government does this,
1t imposes an unconStitution-
al condition on the exercise
Of q constitutional right.
That Is to say, when q child
exercises his constitutional
right to attend q parochial
school. Government may not
deny him q share In educA-
tional funds. To do 50 Ii to
penalize him for his exercise
Of religion.
I'm the distribution of its
benefits, Government must
be effectively Indifferent to
the religious beliefs Of its
citizens"
The Government does not
discriminate today. in grant
ing tax exemptions, between
church-owned property and
any other kind Of private
property owned by q nom
profit organization. This, Of
course, is o form Of Federal
aid that parochial schools
now enjoy. Federal money
also is used to pay chaplains
Of all faiths in the military
services Of the United States.
In the case known as
zorach VS.. Clauson, the Su-
preme Court held that q New
York State law. permitting
school children to be excused
from regular classes certain
hours each week to attend
religious classes in private
buildings elsewhere. was con-
Stituuonal. Justice Douglas,
speaking for the court,
wrote:
THE First Amendment,
however, does not say that
in every and all respects
there shall be q separation
Of church and state.
otherwise the state and
Evening star., 1961-03-10
RALPH MeGILL
Wider View of Distressed Areas

for two school systems and
being unable to do well by
either Of them. is o painful
fact.
Some additional techniques
are already needed. The
various social agencies are
doing q good Job. But they
are swamped. President Ken
nedy's suggestion that we
might consider q domestic
Peace Corps in our great
cities perhaps contains the
basic idea. It will be q grave
error, for which the future
will not pardon US, If we try
to brush this problem Of the
cities under the rug Of q
hoped-for business pickup
or see in the slow increase
in steel output signs that we
should be having an upturn
in the next three to six
months.
There are not many, white
or colored, in the vast shift
Of populations since 1850 who
have brought with them
enough education or SkillS to
allow them to knock on the
doors Of the electronic COM
panieS or to qualify for work
in some Of the new metals
fabrication plants.
President Kennedys new
executive order banning bias
in Government employment
and in Federal contracts, Is
one long overdue. It will
relieve some Of the inequitieS.
But, there is q vast, incred-
IDLY difficult task worSening
IN the many areas where
several millions Of Americans
have been bypassed in the
industrial revolution and the
many astonishing miracles Of
automated production.
Evening star., 1961-03-10
S. WHITE

The Republicans are now
moving from o phase Of mere
scattered and underground
resistance to q direct and
general-though careful -
challenge to the present high
popularity Of the Kennedy
administration.
For the first time since last
November, the COP. is gen.
timely astir with plans Of its
own. The central objective
now Of its leaders from left,
right and center is to devel-
op an opposition Of a kind
which will show that the
COP. can stand its present
aoVerSlCy..
The central single problem
within this objectivet is to
bring every Republican fac
ton within agreement on a
few fundamentals. however
much disagreement may still
exist beyond these funda-
mentals. The watchword is
to accentuate the positive and
eliminate the negative.
The party leaders don't
want to oppose the Kennedy
administration Just for the
sake Of opposition. Particu-
larly, they don't want to
leave any impression, this
early in the tenure Of a new
President, that they are sim
ply sniping automatically at
him and mot giving him a
chance"
Thus, seven the most
SCARED veterans Of all-out
partisanship, like Senator'S
Styles Bridges Of New Hamp-
shire and Barry Goldwater
Of Arizona, are now acting
with unaccuStomed reserve.
Senator Bridges. the dean of
Senate Republicans, has got
Evening star., 1961-03-10
Republicans Entering q New Phase,
With Challenge General and Careful

the Senate Republican Pol
icy Committee speaking in
low key when it attacks the
Democrats.
He is, moreover, deliber-
ately introducing humor and
Republican self kidding.
Once a week, under his gen.
eral leadership, the top Re
publicans Of Senate and
House meet together, mainly
in order to have q small
megaphone through which to
retort, though in good feel
ing, to what comes from the
great White House mega
phone in the hands Of Pres
ident Kennedy.
Senator Bridges refers to
this gathering as the modern
equivalent Of what the late
Senator Arthur H. Vanden-
berg Of Michigan in the '30s
called THE Buckwheat Club"
This was q breakfast meeting
Of Republicans during a pc
riod when their numbers in
the Senate had fallen to q
rock-bottom Is out Of what
was then a total Senate roSt-
er Of 96 men.
Van" liked to tell his COL
leagues to cheer up. For aft
er all, he would say, their
party could go nowhere but
up. Senator Bridges does not
push the thing quite that
way now, but that is much
the spirit Of the new Buck
wheat Club.
Senator Goldwater, for his
part, as a right-wing Re-
publican presidential posi-
bility for 1864, continually
tries to improve the human
climate between himself and
the left-wing Republicans
whose choice for "a is Gov.
Nelson Rockefeller Of New
York. Former Vice President
Evening star., 1961-03-10
POTOMAC FEVER
BY FLETCHER KNEBEL

Republican leaders claim upSurge strength . . .
less than half the people who voted for Nixon have
over to Kennedy
The New Frontier capturing all honors. JFK. heads
the list Of 10 best dressed Soapy Williams leads
the list OF the most dressed-down men.
The United States atom sub Patrick Henry sets world
record Of 81 days submerged Motto Of the Patrick Henrys
crew: Give US liberty give depth"
Harry Truman calls at the White House. chats with little
Caroline Kennedy Republicans learning Caroline
that in politics. the play is migter than the sword
The urbane Adai Stevenson has become so fero-
cous with the Russians at the U. ~ diplomats calling
him the Cougar Of the Congo.
Some people want two mail deliveries q day. Some say
okay Postmaster General Day is willing split
dfferenc-and only raise the fourcent stamp nickel
Evening star., 1961-03-10

the projected Kennedy ser
les. This does not mean, Of
course, there are no answers
or other points Of view. What
is lacking Is some kind Of
process by which Republic
cans can arrive, through
their leaders, at some CO.
herent, reasonable express
sion Of the answers which
will appeal to o wide public.
Republicans will be muff-
ing q great educational and
political opportunity II they
simply treat their Kennedy
answers as q chance for one
Of their star politicians to
make q speech. For one
thing. in politics as in the
movies, the star system can
work only when the star is
really q star and the genuine
article is always In short sup
ply. e..
Also the nature Of Amer
ican politics is changing.
People generally are less par
tiSan than once they were
and the parties have tended
to draw more closely to-
gether. The Slam-bang rail-
~ helps to encourage the
troops and get out the vote
in a campaign. but the tele-
vision audience is something
else again.
Mr.. Kennedy can be
counted on to work at the
Job Of finding out Just what
1t Is in this situation: he will
visualize it and seek to talk
with, not ct, 1t. Most people
would agree that the chances
are he viii do 1t very we'll.
There are Republicans fully
capable Of doing the same
Job well, but they must be
Evening star., 1961-03-10
DORIS FLEESON
Kennedy's Chats and the G. O.P.

carefully. selected and pfimed
to address themselves to the
meat Of the cocoanuC. The
obvious national names are
former President Eisenhower,
Richard Nixon. Gov. Rookie
feller and Senator Goldwater.
While the congressional lead
ers - Senator DirkSen and
Representative Halleck - are
strictly political types, there
are able Republicans with
dignity and understanding In
the Senate and House.
Senator Bush. 0 broker, Of
Connecticut, knows econom-
les, Senator Cooper Of Ken
lucky. foreign affairs. Sen
ator Margaret Chase Smith
Of Maine has conscience
allied to good sense; for rea-
sons never clear. her party
has singularly failed to ex-
plot her high standing, not
just with women but the
public. In the House Repre-
sentative Curtis Of Missouri
cogently expresses a con-
Structive conservative ap-
proach; Representative Lind
say Of New York does the
same ON the liberal side.
There are others, Of course.
Possibly some Republicans
would prefer defeat to imitat-
ing the Paul Butler innova-
ton Of q Democratic Ad-
viSory Council to. bypass a
congressional leadership more
conservative than its party.
Yet that really Is their prob
lem today as they confront
an active Democratic Presi-
dent with q program he
proposes to take to the people
directly.
Mr.. Butler broke the mo-
nopoly power Of the congress
Sional caucus when o Repub-
lican was President. Repub-
licanS at least might think
1t over.
Evening star., 1961-03-10
Loyal Opposition Bestirs Itself

Nixon's people stand in the
middle, offering all assistance
in this major push to concil-
late all factions - for the
time being, anyhow.
Indeed, the congressional
RepublicanS have now
reached wide agreement that
the first necessity is to draw
the party together, to forget
what divides Republicans and
to concentrate on what uniteS
them. The next necessity Is
to keep the party in the pub
lie eye. And q third and un-
advertised necessity is to
keep the real leadership of
the party in congressional
Republicans hands, just Is
congressional Democrats kept
that party's real leadership
in their hands all during the
eight years Of President FL
Senhower.
In sum, the congressional
Republicans know they have
got to deliver - that is, to
run an opposition neither too
tough" nor too softly inef.
fectual - lest non-congres-
sional Republicans move in
and seize the leadership Of
the party.
1t is they who in any event
must bear the sole real re-
sponsibility for the first Re
publican comeback cam
paign effort, the 1862 con-
gressional election. Thus the
last thing they want Is to be
saddled with some Republi-
can equivalent Of the free
wheeling Democratic Advis-
ory Council which unelected
politicians sought in the Eli
senhower years to press upon
the Democratic congressional
leaders.
The DAG. was q wondrous
thing at talking; but q great
nuisance to those who held
responsible and elected po-
sitions in the party and 90
had to act as well as talk. .
Evening star., 1961-03-10
; Stories on JobIessness, Food Stamps
And Negro Shifts Called Intereioted

that. A dismaying percentage
Of those who migrate out Of
the South bring with them
too few skills and too little
education. In New York a
joblesS Negro said, "It'S got
so now you can't get q job
walking dogs on Park ave-
nue. unless you got q high
school diploma. It's that bad,
man, it's that bad"
A further light is shed by
want ads on what Is sure to
.be, short Of war. a permanent
problem Of unemployment. At
a time when there are more
people out Of work than at
any since 1941. there Is q
shortage Of skilled workers
in most Of the Nations new
er industries, especially the
burgeoning electronicS COM
plex. Walking through the
distressed areas Of the larger
cities, where knots Of enbit-
tered, idle men sit on steps
in front Of the sQualid tene-
mentS or stand around out
side q tavern in what is
called corner lounging," one
is forced to accept a hard
fact. It is that Just as many
Of the middle-aged and old
er men in the coal fields will
never work again save at odd
jobs or those provided by
some form Of Federal aid, the
same is true Of thousands Of
those in the cities.
We are, already paying a
high price for our failure to
provide better education. The
grievous cost TO- Southerners,
Of both races, Of trying to pay
Evening star., 1961-03-10
RALPH MeGILL

Three news stories are the
more revealing If tied to-
gether. Unemployment has
set q new high, causing stat
isticians to go back to 1941
for o comparison. Eight
areas, including Detroit and
Philadelphia, have been des-
ignated as including enough
distressed persons to qualify
for the food stamp plan
which the administration
hopes will be ready by June.
1t will permit the more
needy to exchange stamps
in grocery stores for desig-
mated foods. The Bureau Of
the Census announced that
in 1860 only 50 per cent Of
the Nations Negro popula-
ton lived in the II States
OF the old Confederacy. The
industrial cities Of the East
and West have shown the
largest gain in this shift of
the Negro out Of the South
in search Of better Jobs and
an escape from some Of the
more onerous pressures Of a
segregated society.
These three news items
are closely interrelated, each
Illuminating the deeper
meaning Of the other. The
jobless figures show that In
the depressed industrial CEN
ters Negro unemployment
percentages are about three
times that Of white workers.
In Philadelphia, q Negro
attorney said. 1T is the old
story. The Negro is the last
to be hired and the first to
get fired" 1t goes deeper than
Evening star., 1961-01-27
BY NADEANE WALKER

PARIS, Jan. ~ (AP).-De-
signer Marc Bohan stripped
the spinach from fashion
yesterday in a ladylike col
lection for Dior that may
well prove the biggest style
hit since the new look.
What Bohan names the
slim look" Is a silhouette
with a long waistlesS bodice
to the top Of the hip, with
lightly flared skirts often
showing a bit of the knee
cap.
Enthusiastic applause
throughout the show made
1t clear that Bohan has a
smash hit for his debut as q
replacement for Yves Saint
Laurent.
Slim Lock
If the bosom and the waist
are bypassed in the "slim
look" hips are Rugged and
legs emphasized. The most
astonishing thing about the
show was that it contained
not a single eccentricity.
The long-waisted, short
skirted general outline nat
urally recalls the flapper era,
but Bohan's Interpretation is
fresh as a daisy.
His pure and simple ele-
gance had the audience mur-
muring favorable compari-
sons with Molyneux at the
top of his form
The influence of the 20s Is
strongest in evening wear,
for Bohan makes dozens Of
waistless beaded sheaths, all
with hip belts or tight fit
ting at the hip.
Lady Diana Duff Cooper
and the Duchess of Windsor
were at the press opening,
and Lady Diana, peering at
Evening star., 1961-01-27
Bohon Is a Smash
Hit at Dior Show

the m a mn equin through
tinted green plastic-framed
glasses, saw a printed chiffon
formal with trailing train
named Diana" for her.
Whatever happens to Saint
Laurent. who suffered a ner-
vous breakdown during a
brief spell of military service,
Marc Bohan has made his
name in fashion.
Nobody believes Dior will
willingly let him go now.
Women should love his un-
frilly, easy to wear, easy to
walk in clothes, which for
once are as pretty as they
are elegant. A fairly slim pair
of hips is the only thing
they require.
Typical Suit
Bohan's typical suit has a
trim but untitled mid-hip
jacket with a loose belt at the
top Of the hipline, sometimes
on the jacket and sometimes
on the lightly flared skirt
with sleeveless, bloused-over
top.
Slightly longer jackets
loosely cupped in behind are
cut away to the waistline in
front In a gentle curve. Some
skirts break away in fIuted
pleats from midhip.
Colors are the palest
Evening star., 1961-01-27
WEDDINGS
HoWe-Porter

Mr.. and Mrs. Rudolph H.
Porter Of Temple Hills, Md.
announce the marriage of
their daughter Judith Mae to
Mr.. Richard Grant Howe,
son of Mr.. and Mrs. Karle
Howe of Woodlawn Heights.
Md. The wedding took place
December 10 at the Church
Of the Holy Communion.
Evening star., 1961-01-27
Smith-luther

Mr.. and Mrs. E. Dale
Smith Of Bethesda announce
the engagement Of their
daughter Barbara Ann to Mr..
Larry v. Luther. son Of Mr..
and Mrs. Leonard A. Luther
Of Huron, 8. Oak.
Evening star., 1961-01-27
Forbes-Hoffmon

DR.. an Mrs. H. s. Hoffman
announce the marriage of
their daughter Mary Eliza
beth to Mr.. Alexander
Robert Forbes, son Of Mrs.
Vera Forbes and the late
Maj. Lucius Elder Forbes.
The wedding took place De-
cember 81 at st. Adams
Episcopal Church. The couple
will live here.
Evening star., 1961-01-27

tonight, by Gen. and Mrs.
Pete Quesada at luncheon to-
morrow, and by the Dennis
Greenhills of the British En-
bassy tomorrow night. Some
time over the weekend French
Minister and Mrs. Claude
Lebel will also fete them at
cocktails.
FRANCES PARKINSON
KEYES, author Of Al books
including her newest just off
the presses. THE Chess Play
ers." gave a fancy ladies
luncheon at the Sulgrave
Club Wednesday which was
climaxed with a dessert
weighing Is pounds! 1t was
a huge pound cake covered
with the chocolate and white
squares Of a chess board on
which stood miniature fig
ures representing the char
acterS in the book.
Mrs. Keyes came to Wash
ington to view the Inaugural
ton, and though she gets
around with difficulty with
the aid of a cane. she is such
q believer in being a live
witness to history that she
attended the swearing in
even. despite the fact that
she wasn't permitted to use
q wheel chair.
Evening star., 1961-01-27
-SIottery

Mr.. and Mrs. Francis Joseph
Slattery Of Alexandria an
nounce the marriage of their
daughter Margaret Ann to
Mr.. James Henri Poythress,
son of Mr.. and Mrs. James
Edward Poythress of Arling-
ton. The wedding took place
December 26 at the Blessed
Sacrament Church.
Evening star., 1961-01-27

Mr.. and Mrs. George
Williams Mullins announce
the marriage of their daugh-
ter Ida Olivia to Mr.. Watson
King Leese, son Of Mr.. and
Mrs. H. Watson Leese. The
wedding took place Decem-
ber "a at Mt. Vernon Place
Methodist Church. The
couple will live here.
Evening star., 1961-01-27

pastels - pink, apricot, pis-
tachio and nile green, yellow,
lilac. and dusty wedgewood
blue-as well as lots of grey,
beige, navy, white and black.
The only trimming on many
of his creations is welted or
saddle-stitched seams, often
quartering loose coats in a
big x. The same idea is used
for tier effects on dresses
and suits. and there are some
TERED hemlines.
Smallish round-head hats
give the head a trim line.
They are roll-brim m e d,
.round-crowned sailor caps,
flower pots or pudding ba-
sins, .draped raffia or tulle
turbans and mob caps.
ChignOns Gone
Gone are the high chignons
Dior manequins used to wear.
The new hair style is smooth
ly brushed and medium short.
One side is brushed forward
a little on the cheek, the
other is worn behind the ear.
For evening, there are bare
headed face wells, jewelled or
satin brow bands, and tight
little eye-mask wells fastened
with flowers or jewels at the
back of the head.
Printed chiffon garden
party dresses have softly
loose tops and full skirts
with just a hint of trailing
drapery.
Leather bands are inset on
a few coats and dresses for
a low waistline effect. Many
jackets have short kimono
sleeves.