davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-03-06
Birth PangsHit.
PeaceCorps,
DecisionsWait
By GEORGE SHERMAN
Star staff Writer

Despite a proliferation Of
official reports, presidential
pronouncementS and the
great popular response, the
Peace Corps is suffering the
birth pains of any new govern
ment agency.
No one inside the headquar-
.ters at the new ICA building
near the White House is quite
sure what happens next. Thou
sands of letters, hundreds of
calls and scores of visitors have
poured into the office since the
pilot scheme was started by
executive order last week.
But decisions on budget, pay
roll, recruitment, administra-
tive staff, office space and def
mite legislative proposals for
permanent corps await r.
Sargent Shriver and his IA top
assistants President Kennedy
appointed Saturday. Mean
while, everything from person.
mel to office equipment is on
loan from other government
agencies. THE agency simply
does not exist officially" ex-
planned Arthur Hazes, person.
mel man from the Information
al Cooperation Administra-
ton, who has been put in
charge of locating permanent
offices and administrative
staff for the Washington head
quarters.
Job Requests Pour In
He and five professional per-
sonnel people must do the rou-
tine hiring. They already have
been flooded with requests
from typists and stenogra-
pliers.
Mr.. HazeS estimates the
Peace Corps agency should have
100 employees at the end Of the
four-month pilot period. The
final figure will depend upon
how much money and author
/ ity Congress gives for a per-
manent corps.
The more difficult task Of re-
cruiting men and women for
grass roots" life in underde-
veloped countries is not expect
ed to begin before the end OF
the month. No target date has
yet been set.
Yesterday Mr.. Kenne dy
seemed to open still new vistas
for potential recruits in de-
pressed areas Of the United
Evening star., 1961-03-06
McC Cormock Disovows
Kennedy School Stand
By the Associated Press

House Democratic Leader Nc
Cormack of Massachusetts dis
agrees with President Kennedy
on Federal aid to private and
parochial schools.
Mr.. Mccormack said yester-
day in a television discussion
that no constitutional question
is involved in Federal loans to
private schools for construction
or renovation and II would sup
port it."
President Kennedy, like Mr..
Mccormack a Roman Catholic,
has said he was omitting aid
to church schools from his edu-
cation proposals "in accordance
with the clear prohibition of
the Constitution" Mr.. Kennedy
added there is no room for
argument" on the question.
Mr.. Kennedy's stand was
praised by some Protestant
groups and drew criticism from
the Roman Catholic hierarchy
of the United States, which
said it would oppose any school
aid bill that did not include
loans to private and parochial
schools.
Mr.. Mccormack, while dis
agreeing with Mr.. Kennedy's
position, did not say he would
offer an amendment to the ad-
ministration bill calling for
loans to private schools.
Mr.. Mccormack said, Were
helping our educational system
and certainly when we put
through a bill to help public
schools it has an unintentional
effect upon the private school
system. 1t makes it more diff
ficult for them to operate and
function"
An attempt to include aid to
private schools in an educa-
ton bill last year was ruled out
OF order on a technicality.
The House and Senate passed
different versions of that edu-
cation bill, but the measure
died when the House Rules
Committee refused to clear it
for a House-Senate conference
to iron out the differences.
Mr.. Kennedy's stand that
Federal help should not be ex-
tended to private schools was
supported yesterday by Repre-
sentative Powell, Democrat of
New York, chairman of the
House Education Committee,
which is handling the legisla-
ton.
In a taped radio interview
(Radio News Conference), Mr.
Powell said there is more than
a question Of separation OF
church and state. To let priv
ate schools get Federal help, he
said, might make money avail
able "for those States like Vir-
ginia that have dissolved the
public school system and now
are trying to support a private
school system"
Saying he would oppose on
that ground any system that
would help States to get around
integration, Mr.. Powell said
II think any right thinking
American would also"
Mr.. Kennedy was supported,
too in a sermon by DR.. Duncan
Howlet, pastor Of the All Souls
Unitarian Church here. He
accused the Catholic church
Of saying "it will play dog in
the-manger unless" it gets Fed
eral help for its schools.
Unless the Presidents bill
is amended to included paro-
Evening star., 1961-03-06
EngIe Calls
Nixon Easy
1862 Turqet

SANTA MONICA, Calf, Mar
6 (AP1.-Senator Engle, Demo-
crat Of California, says of the
1862 California race for Cover
nor:
If former Vice President
Nixon runs, the Democrats will
beat him.
Senator Engle told the Cali
fornia Democratic Council con-
vention yesterday:
I'VE have owed Richard Mil
hous Nixon a beating in this
State for a long time. If he
runs in 1862, we will defeat
him for Governor and utterly
destroy his presidential ambi-
ton.
I'VE welcome him to the con-
test"
Senator Engle predicted DEM
ocratic Gov. Edmund G. Brown
would seek reelection. Neither
Mr.. Brown nor Mr.. Nixon have
announced their 1862 plans.
Closing its convention, the
California Democratic Council
adopted a bitterly debated
statement Of policy calling for
eventual admission Of Red
China to the United Nations.
A proposal to urge recogni-
ton Of mainland China by the
United States was defeated by
approximately 1000 delegates.
The CDC platform" advo-
Gated a start toward gradual
and total universal disarma-
ment under U. N. control and
inspection. 1t urged the United
States to continue its mora
torium on nuclear testing.
The statement also carried a
declaration:
1--WE commend the PROPOSE
ton that the self interests of
the Soviet Union do not in
evitably call for military ag-
gression and that honorable
negotiations are both possible
and necessary"
Evening star., 1961-03-06

chial schools. they will oppose
the whole bill" DR. Hewlett said.
They will, if they can, deny
aid to education that does not
include aid to their own
Schools"
For that reason alone, he
said, I'VE ought to oppose such
an amendment Just because it
is a threat"
Evening star., 1961-03-06
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made available to all sufferers.
Full information and details Of .
IA day trial plan from Canaan
Co., Dept. 22sP, Rockport, Mass.
Evening star., 1961-02-28
DORIS FLEEsoN
Reputation of Senator for Ver0city
Seen Shaken by Eisenhower RebuttoI

In pouncing upon Senator
Karl Mundt for inaccurate
and regrettable" reporting Of
certain Eisenhower political
views, the former President
did more than shake the Sem
ator's reputation for sterling
veracity in his chosen art.
What Mr.. Eisenhower has
done is to place a very large
roadblock marked AnaniaS in
the path Of Senator Mundt's
ambition to serve as chief
congressional attention caller
to the Communist menace.
The South Dakota Repubh-
can has made o very good
thing Of this locally for many
years, beginning with service
on the House Un-American
Activities Committee In the
late '40s.
W.tbSat I.uch trouble he
parlayed 1t into tNso Senate
terms. In his second re-
election try last year. how
ever, he ran into trouble In
the person Of o then Demo-
cratic Congressman. George
McGovern. q young and Wig.
orous spokesman for his re-
Surgent party.
But Senator Mundt had an
ace in the hole. AS the Nc
Govern campaign seemed to
be reaching q peak, Fred
.Christopherson, editor Of the
Sioux Falls Is. Dak.0 Argus
Evening star., 1961-02-28

total amount sought about 81
million. The refunds sought are
for tax payments made from
1852 to 1859.
The trustees contend the In
ternal Revenue Service erro-
neously refused to allow GER
tain deductions, including con-
tributions by the trustees to
charitable and educational in
stitutions. The suit also con-
tends the Government erro-
neously classified 100000 pro-
ceedS Of certain stock Of the
Smith h-DouglaSs Co., Inc. as
ordinary income.
Evening star., 1961-02-28

Leader. was seized with letter.
writing fever and addressed
himself to ]. Edgar Hoover.
Who. in Mr.. Hoover's view,
were the principal fighters In
Congress against commu-
nism. asked Mr.. Christie
,pherson.
In his reply, the FBI Chief
named Senator Mundt, can
nily coupling with him Dem
ocratic CongresSmen Nc
Cormack of Massachusetts
and Rooney Of New York
who had no reelection trou-
bles whatsoever. A South
Dakotan had to live very far
UP the creek, indeed, to avoid
getting the word about such
implicit Endorsement Of SEN
ator Mundt's reelection bid.
Farm unrest paled beside
the laying on Of hands by the
sanctified head Of the FBI.
Senator Mundt was returned
to the Senate. Mr.. McGov-
ern was named by President
Kennedy as head Of food for
peace and was in fact re-
porting to the President on
an sXp.r~atory food for peace
visit to Eclth America when
h3adlineS were proclaiming
tbs Eisenhower disavowal Of
! Senator Mundt.
BY o further irony. the
same headlines coincided
with the announcement that
Evening star., 1961-02-28
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

poll shows 70 cent Of the people approve what
Kennedy is doing Assistant Secretary Secretary
isn't that the greates9 BY the boss what dong"
With Symphony Conductor Leonard Bernstein, violence
TV becoming thing of the past The other day
oedpuS Rex 26oO-yearold drama Of murder incest suicide
and eye-gouging.
Ike denies he criticized Kennedy Republican Sen
ator Mundt quoted him. Actually when Mundt asked Ike for
his opinion Of Kennedy. oil Ike said was: "Who?" -
Small fry dictionary The Constituon-What we have in
America By which can't stick in other peoples
business unless you're parent.
new order bans memoirs by White House staffers
White House butler to guest: May take coat srn
return for smuggling out page Of my diaryP"
Evening star., 1961-02-28
DAVID LAWRENcE. ---- -
Letting Khrusbchey Go With Ball

The Moscow government.
moreover, is carrying on an
other form Of sabotage by
refusing to- pay its allotted
share Of the expenses Of the
q. N. Thus In 1860 It cost
about $51s, 800 900 70 operate
the q. N. and its allied and
associated agencies. OF, this
amount, the United States
paid, $8a,S75, 900 while the
Soviet Union paid only $18,-
245.000,
There is an additional cost
ofabout $116.3 million Q year
for the U. N. operations in
policing certain areas like the
Congo, ordered by formal
resolution adopted in the
General Assembly. and for
refugee and food programs.
Soviet Russia has refused to
pay o dime toward these ex-.
penses, while the United
States paid $57.610.00O for
these In 1860. The Soviet
satellites In Eastern Europe
though each has o vote in
the u. N.-have likewise
ignored their share of the
BILL The Communist coun-
tries, for instance, have not
paid q cent on the bill the
y. n. has incurred In policing
the GAIA strip in order to
preserve peace in the Middle
East. Usually when q club
member fails to pay dues or
assessments, he ceases to re-
main q member.
Meanwhile, the Soviets are
spending considerable sums
clandestinely arming certain
revolutionary forces formerly
led by Lumumba. The Com
munist bloc In Africa, headed
by President NaSser Of the
United Arab Republic. has
given recognition to the gov
eminent formed by pro-
Lumumba forces. notwith-
standing the fact that the
u. N. Assembly by formal
resolution has recognized q
different government.
All in all. the Soviet Pre-
mier is issuing his TRADES
and still is shipping muni-
tions by ship and plane to
thwart the U. N. What seems
puzzling is that the Western
governments are letting him
get away with his game and
are failing to take issue with
him in the court Of world
opinion.
(copyriSht, 1se1)
Evening star., 1961-02-28
Question Posed as to Economic Role
Of Presidents 21-Member Committee

Belatedly, some business
and industry quarters as
well as q few lawmakers In
the Senate and House are
beginning to wonder just
what role President Ken
hedy's 21-member Advisory
Committee on Labor-Man-.
agement Policy is going to
play in the American econ
omy.
At first glance, there
seem e d nothing unusual
about naming seven repre-
sentatives from management,
seven from organized labor,
and seven public" represen-
tatives to a committee whose
function is set UP to be ad-
visory only. The Secretary Of
Labor and the Secretary Of
Commerce automatically will
be members Of the public"
delegation.
But afterthoughts alarmed
many observers Of the Amer
ican labor = management
scene when the full implica-
tions Of such q high-level
body's inflence became ap-
parent. VIII the new COM
mittee for example. serve to
transfer the real control Of
the administration labor pol
icy from the Congress to the
Executive?
We have, at the present
time. q body Of statutes on
the subject Of labor-manage-
Inent relations. These laws
were passed only after long
and mature deliberation, and
on the whole they have been
effective.
The Taft-Hartley Act,
once called q slave labor
law. by the leaders Of or
ganized labor, has been
nothing Of the sort. Indeed,
its usefulness in protecting
some Of the vested privileges
Of the big. powerful unions
has led some businessmen to
call 1t a "union-boss" law.
Consumers have the pro-
lection Of antitrust and
other legislation enacted by
the Congress over the years.
To be sure, the laws have
not plugged all the loop
holes through which the un-
scrupulous and the greedy
gouge the public through
price fixing, monopolistic
agreements. collusive bid
ding. and other practices.
Organized labor, under
Taft-Hartley. still enjoys the
dubious privilege Of monop-
oily In labor relations, and
can still shake down q help
less employer with demands
presented at the point of q
knife. By-and-large, labor
Evening star., 1961-02-28
Illusions in a Mochine-Power Aqe

House." All the schools Of
that time were one-room af-
fairs with one teacher. A
few teachers were good, as
were q meager number of
pupils. All were underpaid,
from $18 to $40 per month.
Instruction was by rote and
rule. There was not much
teaching as we understand it
today. Those who had what
was called "a ny-paper mem
ory" did rather well.
The little red school house.
Of fond image and legend,
was grossly inadequate. The
best that can be said Of it
was that 1t was better than
nothing. For most children
nothing was the alternative
and for those who went to
1t the average teaching was
three or four m o n hs per
year.
The old images and the old
legends plague and retard
our national thinking. The
Congress is slow to act on
legislation to relieve distress.
The bill to aid education,
which Is a modest one, is
likely to have q hard time.
We ignore the fact that this
is q new, urban America,
spending most of its dollars
on national defense and debts
Of past wars. Britain's navy
no longer protects US and
makes it easy to balance q
low defense budget.
The Goldwater conserva-
tives frankly state they don't
have the answer but they are
sure Government, wick e d
Government, must not dip
into our affairs. The Daugh-
ters Of the American Revolu-
ton have decided that even
urban renewal is q tyranny.
Let the cities rot, they say,
rather than have Government
aid.
Meanwhile, Mr.. Kennedy
Is doing very well. It would
be easier II we rid ourselves
Of q number Of old illusions.
Evening star., 1961-02-28
Comeuppunce for Senator Mundt

a prominent Mundt rival in
his anti Communist Spe-
cialty, Representative Walter
of Pennsylvania, plans to re-
tire. t..6
Mr.. 6Walter. chairman Of
the House Un-American Ac-
tivities Committee, will leave
q real vacuum for he is re-
sourceful and ruthless, merci-
less to critics Of his methods.
He is currently under fire
for q doctored film presenta-
ton of q California demon
stration against his COM
mittee. Few House mem
bers can muster UP the
nerve, however, to deny his
committee its usual large ap-
preparation.
Prior to his sensational
and repudiated quotes about
the new President seeming
to Mr.. Eisenhower to be left
Of center, too slanted toward
programs supported by labor
bossism," Senator Mundt had
been heralding the dangers
Of another good old Nikita"
program. Current headlines
do not disclose just who has
this in mind right now.
A tangential and interest
ing aspect Of the Eisenhower
statement Is the former
Presidents comment that
Senator Mundt did not re-
fleet accurately his personal
plans. The Senator had said
Mr.. Eisenhower would soon
enter the partisan political
fray.
Evening star., 1961-02-28
ST Million Suit
Filed on u. S.

NORFOLK. Va. Feb. 20 CAP
Trustees for the estate oi
philanthropist Oscar r. Smith
filed q million dollar income
tax suit against the Fedora
Government in United States
District Court yesterday.
The four trustees seek $685..
900 In tax refund. plus interest
at s per cent per year from
the. various dates Of payment
The interest would make the
Evening star., 1961-02-28
Kennedy Believed Doing Well on Goals
Despite Horsepower-Minded Types

but we were safe because Of
It. Our taxes were low be-
cause Great Britain ruled
the seven seas. It was the
day Of sea power and the
British, to hold an empire,
had it in great plenty. Be-
hind the shield Of England's
fleet we lived cheaply and
without worry. Spain. the
last European power to
threaten us. had been cared
for in 1898. Canada was q
friend and Q customer. Mex
leo was supine in politics and
poverty,
Today we talk glibly Of
the Gross National Product.
The more glib among US
speak Of 1t familiarly as the
GIMP" It Is quite new to
the jargon Of economics. It
means roughly. the value Of
our total product Of goods,
services, income, etc.
In 1900 this figure was
about $25 billion.
Today 1t is around $500
billion.
It is reasonable to assume
that II men were talking in
1900 and one Of them said:
zone day this country will
have an income Of around
$500 billion" he would have
been looked upon as some
what irresponsible. But II
there had been any accep-
tance Of that prophesy. there
would have been general
agreement that a country
with that much gross nation
al wealth would be a happy,
contented, prosperous coun-
try without any troubles Of
any kind.
We have the same problem
with education.
A great many older per-
sons today talk q lot Of senti-
mental nonsense about the
"Litt1e Old Red School
Evening star., 1961-02-28

management relations are
reasonably well regulated BY
the laws passed by Congress
and by the several States.
What glaring deficiencies
there are can be corrected
by Congress and the States
any time there Is sufficient
provocation, such as in the
jurisdictional and organiza-
tional walkouts that penalize
the public.
But what will happen II
the chief responsibility for
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT relations
passes from the legislative
to the executive branch?
Under q President favorable
to organized labor, the White
House and all It's power and
prestige could protect the
unions from regulation by
Congress. Under q Chief
Executive favorable to man
agement, the situation would
be reversed but no less dan
gerouS.
The new Advisory Com
mittee probably will be ruled,
in the last analysis, by the
So-called public" members,
who represent the balance be-
tween the business group and
the labor group, theoretically.
But public members of any
thing are seldom disembodied
spirits. They have attitudes,
prejudices, affiliations that
make them often something
much less than disinterested.
In the past. organized labor
has often complained that
the public" members of any
regulatory o m m ission or
body are men whose stature,
wealth, experience, profess
sions and other attributes
tend to classify them auto
matically with the manage
ment side. But the manage
ment story is the opposite
that the public" members
bend over backward, for poll
tical and personal reasons. to
please the fat cats Of the
unions.
Then there is the very real
fear that the increasing role
Of the Federal Government
in the Nations economic af-
fairs will bring such groups
as the new committee unin-
tended powers. Conceivably,
Evening star., 1961-02-28
DAVID LAWRENCE
West Criticized 0s Falling to Challenge
Soviet on His Anti-U. NJ. Activities

The Western governments
are so preoccupied with what
they want to get out Of each
other automatically and
otherwise, that they are
missing q big opportunity.
They are giving Nikita Khru-
shchev the stage as he sends
letters and messages to 66
governments throughout the
world In q deliberate effort
either to wreck the United
Nations or to make it sub
servient to his wishes.
On the surface, the Mos
COW government has made it
appear that the Secretary
General, Dag Hammarskjold,
Is some sort of assassin who
plotted or abetted the mur-
der Of Patrice Lumumba.
Actually, the Kremlin isn't
very much interested in Mr..
Hammarskjold as an indi-
vidual or as q functionary.
What Is sought is q means Of
replacing him with three CO.
equal members Of the office
Of Secretary General-each
with a veto power. One would
be a Communist. In this way,
the Soviets want to be able
to block the General Assem-
bly, in the same way that
they have managed to frus-
trate the Security Council.
For several days now, Mr..
Khurshchev has gotten con-
siderable space In the press
and over the air waves as he
has blazed away at Mr.. HAM
marskjold. Yet the Western
governments seem to be in
different to the fact that the
Communist dictator is pene-
trating many parts Of the
world with his propaganda in
his pose as defender Of the
freedom and independence Of
small nations.
No counterattack seems to
be in the offing. The Soviet
government is the biggest
colonial power in the world
today and would not even
let . u. N. mission Of oh
servation and inquiry into
Hungary in 1857 and 1858 to
find out what happened
when the people there tried to
set up their own government.
Maybe. Mr.. Khrushchev sees
in the resolutions recently
adopted = and supported by
Evening star., 1961-02-28
RALPH McGlLL

In 1850 horses and mules
provided 10 per, cent Of the
power used in farm work and
in urban transport by dray,
wagon, cart. horse-drawn
streetcars, etc. Man and his
muscles, supplied Is per cent.
Machines added q mere 6
per cent.
In 1861, machines give US
about 96 per cent Of the
power we use; men 3 per
cent, and horses and mules
/ per cent.
President Kennedy's prob
lem Is tied In with this.
He sits in Washington try
ing to accelerate the nation
al machine and the national
mind to get moving. Yet, he
must contend with a Con-.
gress and with a public
which still nurses the image
Of q pastoral, rural America
In which life ought to flow
along like Mr.. Tennyson'S
brook. 1t would, too, a great
many persons think, were 1t
not for those distant and
unreasonable figures such as
Khrushchev, Tshombe, Mo-
butu, Mao Tse-tung, De
Gaulle, Sukarno, Nasser,
Toure. Gizenga, ct al, who
really ought to mind their
own business and let us alone.
Nor 1t this all that plaques
Mr.. Kennedy. ,"
The average American Of
mature age-espec ecially those
In the Congress and in the
offices Of the Nation, still
have the image Of the pre-
World-War-One America.
We had q small standing
army Of about 110, 900 men in
those happy, not -too-distant
days. And we were proud Of
what was q very small fleet.
We never really admitted it,