davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-09-20
BrozzoviIIe Threatens
To ExpeI All Swedes

on a day when Sweden was
mourning the death of U. n.
Secretary Dag Hammarskjold, a
Swede.
The government sent a
sharply worded telegram to Mr..
Youlou saying it would not
accept pressureS to change its
policy of close cooperation with
the United Nations. 1t urged
Mr.. Youlou to think twice be-
fore acting against a single
Swedish citizen in his country.
In the strongest wording
used so far in any Swedish
diplomatic note on the Congo
crisis, the telegram added:
"The Katanga forces which
are fighting against the U. N.
troops are engaged in a useless
and bloody war against units
which have been dispatched to
preserve order in Katanga with
the full consent of the Congo
lese central government.
THE Swedish U. N. troops
are in the Congo on a clear
request from the central gov
ernment in Leopoldville and in
accordance with resolutions OF
the U. N. Security Council and
General Assembly. The U. N
forces in KaUanga are facing a
revolutionary movement led by
a group Of irresponsible for
Evening star., 1961-09-20
Plune to Return
U. Chiefs Body

NEW YORK. Sept. 20 (AP)-
A cargo plane chartered by the
United Nations left Idlewild
Airport early today for Sails
bury, Northern, Rhodesia,, to Fly
the body of Dag Hammarskjold
to Stockholm via Geneva.
The plane, a Pan American
World AirwayS DC-7. will also
bring back to this country the
bodies of three Americans killed
in the plane crash that took the
life OF the U. N. Secretary Gen
eral and IA other persons. as5
The aircraft is scheduled to
arrive in Salisbury at Las am.
Salisbury time. It will leave
Salisbury with the bodies during
the afternoon Of the same day
and arrive in Geneva for a four
hour stopover. 1t viii then con-
tinue on to Stockholm, where it
is scheduled to arrive at 1915
pm. Saturday, Stockholm time.
The plane, carrying the bodies
of the three Americans, is sched[
uled to arrive at 1dlewild Air
port on Monday morning.
Evening star., 1961-09-20

erence to the Belgians, who
have heavy financial interests
in Katsnga's mines.
Mr.. Oroula said Katanga's S
army was bolstered not only by
Belgians but also by "rogues
of all kinds who are guilty
of rape and assassination in
Algeria for more than five
years. Also it is bolStered by
RhodesianS, South Africans
and English whose hatred of
the colored man is universally
known" - =
Pledges Force
Mr.. Adoula added that the
Congo would meet force by
force "and no sacrifice will be
considered too much"
Many free world diplomats
in the Congolese capital were
concerned at the apparent
anti-Western gist of Mr..
Adoula's remarks and feared
the death of Mr.. Hammarskjold
might result in a strengthen
ing of Lumumbist influence in
the government.
Meanwhile. the pro-Commu-
mist Lumumbist named by the
Congo'S central government
last week to take over the aG-
miniStration of Katanga re-
turned empty-handed yester-
day.
Egide Bochely Davidson
found himself impeded by a
bullet : punctuated state of
siege at Elisabethville, the pro-
vincial capital. He spent his
whole stay there at the U. NJ
guarded airport, never setting
foot within the town.
A U. N. plane brought him
back to Leopoldville.
Pilots told newsmen the Ka-
tangans now have rugged up
amti-aircraft guns around the
Elisabethville airport in a bid
to prevent both the landing and
takeoff of u. N. planes.
The United Nations acknowl-
edged another reversal in
Elisabethville. 1t said Ka-
tangans overran part of the
U. N. hospital and captured the
Italian officer commanding the
supply depot and four of his
men. All the captives belong
to the Italian Red Cross.
But there still. was no firm
news Of the situation of l5S
Irish soldiers captured at the
mining town Of Jadotvilie some
so miles away.
The U. N. has said 1t be-
lieves they are being treated
reasonably well, but neverthc-
less is gravely concerned for
their safety.
The U. N. also reported that
the airport of its big Kamina
base in North Katanea still is
firmly held by 500 Swedish,
Irish and Malayan troops.
Filtering through to Leopold
vile came additional details of
recent Kamina fighting.
At one stage a Katanga
Browning machine gun was
captured, together with 10000
rounds Of ammunition, by
counterattacking edish.
troops.
From the Kamina control
Evening star., 1961-09-20

tower 1t was reported that a
flight control official has daily
contact with a jet fighter pilot
who for days has been bombing
and strafinG the hase. :
"I'll be back. boys" he says
at the end Of a raid.
When the jet misses its tar
get, the control official goes
on the radio to tell the pilot,
You'd better go back"
Denies He Is Belgian
The control office once asked
the flier whether he is a Bel
gian and got back a curt no"
in reply. U. N. authorities say
they believe he is a Rhodesian
flying from a base at Kolwezi,
some $50 miles away. ]
CA U. N. spokesman in New 7
York said the Jet is belng
flown by a Belgian national.
The spokesman added that
reports from the U. N. Congo
command were that Mir.
Tshombe had ordered the jet
grounded. The Katangans
have another Jet at their dis
poSal, he said, but it has not
been active.l
In Dublin, informed sources
said the Irish government has
decided to send additional am
munition and food supplies to
its troops serving in the Congo.
Transport planes chartered by
the U. N. are to handle the
cargo.
A group of Swedish soldiers
from the u. N. base at Kitoaa
on the Atlantic Coast report
edly drove $50 miles into Leo
poldville to volunteer to ''set
into the Katanga fight" All
is quiet at Kitona and eve were
bored" the Swedes were quoted
as, saying.
Evening star., 1961-09-20
eigners acting against the in
terest of the Congolese people. 4"

eigners acting against the in
terest of the Congolese people"
Katanga Flights Cancelled 4
1t also was reported here to-
day that two Swedish U. NJ
chartered planes we're fired
upon at takeoff and landing
yesterday at Elisabethyille Air.
port, in Katanga. Further
flights have been Cancelled.
The Transair Co., owner of
the DC-6 that crashed with Mr..
Hanmarskjold, said two of the
company's Super Curtiss C-46s
were shot at on regular flights
between Leopoldville and Els
abethville. None of the crew
members was hurt.
GoeSta Ellhammar, head of
Transair. today grounded all of
his company's planes in Ka-
tanga. He said TranSair flight
captains had orders not to fly
over Katanga without military
fighter escort.
The U. N. has no escort to Of
fer but a few fighter planes are
expected shortly from Ethiopia,
Mr.. Ellhammar said.
Evening star., 1961-09-20

STOCKHOLM, Sweden. Sept.
20 (AP).-The Foreign Ministry
said yesterday the Congo Re-
public CBrazzaville) has threat
ened to expel all Swedish resi-
dents unless Swedish U. N
troops pull out of rebellious Ka-
tanga province in the former
Belgian Congo Neopoldville).
A Swedish spokesman called
the report threat "a clear at
tempt at political blackmail."
The Foreign Ministry said a
Swedish missionary, Mrs. Lin
nea AlmquiSt, was called to
President Fulbert Youlou's pal
ace in Brazzaville yesterday and
told that "if all Swedish U. N
troops are not evacuated from
Katanga all Swedes living and
working in the Congo Republic
will be expelled within two
days"
Strong Note Sent
There are about 100 Swedes-
mostly missionaries and theil
families-in the former French
Congo. which has sided with
Katanga President Noise
Tshombe in his secession from
the former Belgian Congo.
The reported demand came
Evening star., 1961-09-20
Chino-Soviet Trude

GENEVA, Sept. 20 (APO.-
The U. N. Economic Commits
sion for Europe reports that So
Wet imports from Red China
dropped by % per cent last year,
while Soviet exports to Red
China decreased by IA per cent.
Evening star., 1961-09-20

a runor that Mr.. O'Brien
would be replaced by Georges
Dumontet, his predecessor in
the Katanga post. Mr.. Du-
montet attended the Ndola
conference.
Demand Is Firmer
Mr.. Tshombe's demand for
withdrawal of U. N. troops
from Katanga was firmer than
his conditions as reported III
a message which reached the
U. N. office in Leopoldville.
This said he was prepared to
proclaim a cease-fire If all
U. N. troops in Elisabethville
were confined to their camps.
Meanwhile the Rhodesian
government announced it is
sending a trainload of food
and medical supplies to the
Katangans at the request of
the Tshombe regime. Sugar,
canned beef and powdered
milk we're among the supplies
A train arrived today from
Elisabethville for the haul
northward. Three white rep
resentatives of Mr.. Tshombe's
government were aboard. They
said they had left the capital
under fire last night.
An Investigation into the
plane crash that killed Mr..
Hammarskjold and IA others
Monday so far has turned up
no evidence of sabotage or at
tack. two possibilities raised by
U. N. spokesmen earlier.
Veteran pilots who viewed
the crash site north of this city
said the pattern was typical of
power failure or bad instru-
mentS.
Blasts Not Explained
There was no elaboration of
a report Monday by the lone
survivor-Harry Julien, a 36-
year-old American U. N. Sc.
curity guard-that a series Of
explosions shook the plane be-
eore it plunged into the forest.
Badly burned ard only semi
conscious when he was pulled
from the wreckage, Mr.. Julien
was reported to be as CON-
Portable as could be expected
in a Ndola hospital, but not in
shape for questioning.
He is still very i'll and under
heavy sedation," a hospital
spokesman said. He has moi
spoken since he was brought
here"
Col. Bjorn Egge, U. N. in
telligence chief, said a forensic
surgeon has been flown in tt
establish exactly how Mr.. Ham
marskjold and the other plane
, victims died-whether in tht
7ir on on the ground.
Evening star., 1961-09-20
AdouIo Attacks West,
Reds Return to CONGO

LEOPOLDVILLE, the Congo,
Sept. 20 (AP).-Prefnier Cy-
rifle Adoula turned angrily on
the capitalist powers" today,
blaming them for the death of
q. N. Secretary General Dag
Hammarskjold.
In a radio speech, Mr.. Adoula
said the Congolese Army has
been put on a state Of alert
and from today every citizen
must be prepared to serve in
Katanga. where q. N. forces
are fighting to bring the prov
ince under control Of Mr..
Adoula's central government.
THE government has taken
an important decision to spare
no effort to end Katanga'S Sc
cession, backed as it is by the
duplicity of trusts, holdings and
capital" declared the Premier.
Soviet Diplomats Back
The bitter speech by the
Premier, who has been con-
sidered a moderate, came as
eight Russian diplomats-eject-
ed in Gen. Joseph Modulus
coup a year ago-shopped
around for a new embassy
building of 40 rooms or more
in Leopoldville. They are back
now in the good graces of au-
thorities here.
1t was a year ago that Rus
sian and other Communist Dip
lomats were elected in an Army
coup by Gen. Joseph Mobutu.
Col. Mobutu remains COM
mander-in-chief of Congolese
armed forces, but the political
climate has changed. Power is
vested in a profesSed unity
government. headed by Mr..
Adoula and including Com
munist-backed Deputy Premier
Antoine Gizenga.
Leonide Podgornov, the new
Soviet charge d'affaires, ar
rived today. He previously had
been accredited to Mr.. Gizen-
gas former rebel regime in
Stanleyville.
Anti Western Parade
Mr.. Adoula went on the air
soon after scores of demon
strators had paraded through
Leopoldville's streets shouting
anti Western slogans outside
the British and Portuguese En-
bassies. Britain has been criti-
cal of U. N. action in Katanga.
tCongolese sympathize with
rebels in Portugal's neighbor-
ing colony of Angola. a
"Katanga is in the hands of
capitalist Imperialism" Mr..
Adoula asserted. 1T is in this
net of capitalist Imperialism
where the traitor president
Noise Tshombe is hopelessly
cnmeshed. that the real causes
of the disappearance of Mr..
Hammarskjold can be found.
How ignoble is this assassi-
nation, not the first of it's kind
perpetrated by the money
powers. &c. a.
Mr.. Hammarskjold was the
victim of certain financial
circles for whom a human life
is not equal to a gram of copper
or uranium" p
This appeared to be a ref
Evening star., 1961-09-20

conference center tonight to
return to Elisabethville, his
capital.
THE Katanga leader, bat
ting U. N. efforts to force his
mineral-rich land under the
rule of the Congo's central
government, laid a wreath of
white lilies before the coffin of
U. N. Secretary General Dag
Hammarskjold as it lay in state
in a Ndola church.
Then he talked with news
men.
Sees U. N. Delegation
He went to the church di-
rectly from a morning session
with the U. N. delegation try
ing to arrange a Katanga cease
fIs
We have made counter
propositions which the U. N
side has transmitted to New
York" Mr.. Tshombe said. Nov
We await their reply.
1--WE consider that in the in
terests of the United Nations
and of the entire world U. N
forces should be withdrawn al
once.
at is the only way to pre-
vsnt massacre"
Mr. Tshombe met for more
than five hours yesterday with
Mahmoud Khiari, a Tunisiar
who heads the U. N. civilian
operations in. the. Congo. Mr.
Kaiari, who had conferred with
M Tshombe before in his cap
itai of Elisabethville, took ovel
the peace mission that Secre-
tary General Dag Hammar-
skiold died trying to fulfill.
There was a second rount
today Of the talks.
Belated advices from the U. N
office in Leopoldville disclosed
Mr.. Tshombe did not want t,
meet with Mr.. Khiari.
Il am quite willing to NEE
with other personalities but no
Mr.. Khiari, who is one OF tn
people principally responsible
-for the painful events in Ka
tanga," Mr.. Tshombe said in
message received in Leopoldyill
after Mr.. Khiari had left TO
Ndola.
This cease-fire I dedicate t
the memory of Mr.. Ham
marskjold, and I hope yer.
much that Mr.. O'Brien will re
spect the terms in the menlor
of his chief"
Conor Cruise O'Brien is tn
Irish chief of U. N. operation
in Katanga. MI. TShombe ha
accused him of trickery and re
fused to deal with him at al
But U. N. authorities said Nj
Tshombe definitely did NEE
with Mr. Khiari
The U. N. officially denie,
Evening star., 1961-09-20
Surgery for Cutoroct

NEW YORK.-Like frost on
a window, cataract is cloudi-
ness within the lens of the
eye which blocks the passage
of light rays. Surgery is the
only recommended method of
treatment. SO
Evening star., 1961-09-20
/ shombe Tells u. N.
To Get Out of Kotonqo

( DOLA Northern Rhodesa. Sept 20 (AP).-Katanga
President Noise Tshombe today demanded the immediate
withdrawal of United Nations from his secessionst
province
F. This snagged talks for the United Nations had
previously rejected such idea
+ Mr. Tshombe would leave this Northern Rhodesian
Evening star., 1961-09-20

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Evening star., 1961-05-21
Laos:
Dim Prospects

The 14-NatiOn Geneva con-
ference on creation of q neutral
Laos finally got underway last
week after a United States con-
cession on procedures. But q
Soviet demand for truce COM
mission "vetO" set up a new
hurdle.
Vice President johnson last
week continued his visit to
SEATO and neutral nations of
Asia In an effort to build up
Sagging confidence in Americas
determination to resist aggres-
sive Communist pressures.
Against a backdrop of mount
ing pessimism at home and among
our allies in Southeast Asia over
the prospects for keeping Laos
out Of Communist clutches, the
United States last week made q
new concession in order to get
underway a multi-nation confer
ence on making that small Bhud-
dist kingdom a neutral in the cold
war.
Earlier, the United States,
which had said it would not at
tend any parley on Laos unless
a true ceasefire preceded it, re-
versed itself and came to Geneva.
Then, last Sunday, after op-
posing the seating Of the rebel
and neutral" Laotian factions it
does not recognize as equal par
Elephants with the Royal Gov
ernment representatives, Secre-
tary Of State Rusk, on word from
President Kennedy, accepted
them,
Evening star., 1961-05-21
Congress-:
Spade Work

Both the Senate and the
House pushed ahead last week
with hearings and debate on q
variety Of legislation in a ran
dom but active effort to meet
an early summer adjournment
date.
If succinctness were q literary
virtue on Capitol Hill Git isn't) q
description of the legislative stu
alton now would read something
like this:
Bills already passed: Minimum
wage, unemployment benefits and
aid to depressed areas.
Bills now going through: School
aid, added social security benefits,
housing, foreign aid, highway
funds and tax reforms.
Bills not advancing very fast:
Farm bill, medical care for the
aged, postal raises.
Bill most conspicuous by its abb
sence from the list: Civil rights.
With the exception Of the school
aid bill, action on most of the
other legislation was centered
around committee hearings.
Senator Kefauver's Antitrust
and Monopoly Subcommittee kept
on hearing the details of price
fixing on the part Of the giant
electric companies but the news
had been made months ago when
the companies were sentenced and
the revelations were new only in
the way any old scandal is If its
re-told by different witnesses.
Evening star., 1961-05-21
u. S. Statements

Top United States officials on
the scene in Korea quickly issued
statements on Monday backing the
Chang government. They were
Charge d'Affaires Marshall Green
and Gen. Carter B. Magruder, COM
mander of United Nations and
United States forces in Korea.
In Washington, however, there
was official indecision, a desire to
let the dust settle and avert, if
possible, the humiliation of back
ing loser. But there was sorrow,
too, that a democratic govern
ment went under without a vote
Of the people.
With President Kennedy, Vice
President johnson and Secretary
of State Rusk all out of the
country, Undersecretary of State
Bowles said on Wednesday that
United States policy toward the
Korean generals "has not been
determined"
The next day, after the Korean
Air Force, Navy and Marines all
pledged support of and joined
the junta, Mr.. Bowles asserted
that he thinks we will" recognize
the new regime.
He obliquely acknowledged Of
ficial disappointment in the turn
of events in Korea when he told
reporters that 1--WE can't run the
world or move in and out Of situ-
Evening star., 1961-05-21
The Secret

Surprise, Of course, is a reaction
limited to the citizens of both the
Free and Communist worlds. The
negotiations for the meeting, it
was disclosed, have been going on
since March and the top leaders
Of the Western and Soviet bloc
nations successfully kept their
secret.
But lest the people Of the United
States and the free world place
undue Importance on this first
Observation-Disclosures confronta-
ton. the President made point to
discourage the idea that it would
be a real summit" meeting.
The White House announce
ment declared:
The President and Chairman
Khrushchev understand that this
meeting is not for the purpose of
negotiating or reaching agree
ment on the major international
problems that involve the interest
Of many other countries.
THE meeting viii, however, af-
ford a timely and convenient op-
portunity for the first personal
contact between them and q gen.
eral exchange Of views on the
major issues which affect the re-
lationship between the two coun-
tries"
Evening star., 1961-05-21
Good Will
Canada:

President Kennedy made his
first state visit and first trip
outside the United States since
his Inauguration when he flew
to Canada on Tuesday for a
twO-day stay.
American Canadian relations
it must be unhappily observed,
are not now closer than they
have ever been.
Over the last few years there
has been a rising feeling, freely
voiced, within the borders of our
neighbor to the north that United
States leadership of the free
world leaves good deal to be de-
sired.
On the other hand, while there
is no expectation here that Can
ada should automatically support
our every policy and pronounce
ment. the Ottawa government has
disappointed some American Of
ficialS by its attitude toward
Communist China's admission to
the U. N, Fidel Castro's Red
regime in Cuba and trade with
Communist nations.
Thus, Mr.. Kennedy made a
happy choice in accepting an in
vitation to visit Canada last week
for his first state visit as Presi-
dent. Accompanied by his lovely
wife. he was accorded a warm
and friendly reception.
Evening star., 1961-05-21
The Summit's a Little Higher This Year

nedy's intense interest" in see
ing that the independent nations
Of Southeast Asia remain free
from Red Subjugation.
1t is we'll known that both the
That's and the Filipinos are diSap-
pointed that the United States has
not taken a firmer stand against
the Laotian rebels, who are di-
rected by Communist North Wet
Nam officers. Both Bangkok and
Manila are ready to send in troops
to aid the royal Laotian govern
ment.
President Eisenhower once
talked of Southeast Asia as a set
of dominoes-if one free nation
fell, the others were likely to fol-
low them, he said.
Laos is a domino. If it goes
down the Communist drain, as
now seems likely, it will take the
fulfillment Of Mr.. Johnson'S pledge
Of deeds and then some to hold
the Red Chinese goliath and its
guerrilla proxies north of Malaga.
Evening star., 1961-05-21

ton Of policy. as evidenced by
our retreat on certain procedural
questions at the Geneva talks
on Laos and the indecisive reac-
ton to last weeks military coup
d'etat in Korea.
Chairman Fulbright Of the Sen
ate Foreign Relations Committee,
from whom the President might
have expected enthusiastic sup
port, can be described as only
lukewarm to the idea.
Democratic Senator Gore of
Tennessee. also a member OF the
Foreign Relations Committee, was
outspokenly critical. The Big Two
meeting. he said, is premature,
ill-timed and ill-advised."
Evening star., 1961-05-21
Caution Urqed

Senate Minority Leader Dirksen
spoke for many Republicans when
he advised the President to pro-
ceed with caution and change
his mind unless there is every
expectation" that the meeting will
produce "a desirable result"
(Former Vice President Nixon,
however. suggested nearly two
weeks ago that a Kennedy
Khrushchev meeting should be
arranged in the near future.)
PeSsimiSm over summit meet
ings, or whatever one may wish
to call a conference between the
leaders of the United States and
the USSR, grows perhaps natur-
ally out of the unhappy expert
ences we have had with such dip
lomatic efforts in the past: Yalta,
Potsdam, Geneva in 1855 and the
almost-meeting in Paris last May.
But Mr.. Kennedy is going into
this one with his eyes open. He
knows that the Soviet Union is
not influenced by words. even by
such ringing ones as these from
his inaugural address:
Let every nation know. wheth-
er it wishes us well or i'll, that
we shall pay any price, bear any
burden, meet any hardship, sup
port any friend. oppose any foe
to assure the survival and Sue
cess of liberty"
The President apparently wants
to state this to Mr.. KhruShchev
in person.
However. he is saying, in effect,
that we should not expect too
much to come from the meeting.
At the same time, he implies
that he believes no harm will
result. The world soon will see.