davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-10-18

A compromise is emerging. In
most countries it Is to concern
trate first on reforms which
create new wealth without
radical redistribution Of the old.
The approach to land reform
is a good example. In country
after country government Of
ficals claimed many of the
landleSs peasants wants could
be fulfilled without immediate
resort to appropriation of the
large landowners.
They plan to colonize large
tracts of unclaimed hinterland.
They will distribute unculti-
vated Government lands. They
will take unused land from
private estates. A poor fourth
on this list of priorities is
usually appropriation with
compensation of estates and
ranches over a certain size.
This approach emphasizes
reforming disuse as much as
misuse of natural resources.
The tendency is to concentrate
public investment on building
the basic roads, telecommunica-
tions, dams and other facilities
necessary for the take off"
of modern industrialized Soci-
eties. That is where foreign
aid should go. planners say,
with proper guarantees of equal
distribution of the new wealth.
Ignores Social Reform
Critics argue that this ap-
proach ducks the urgent de-
mand for immediate social re-
form. Vast colonization schemes
and industrial development
projects will have no noticeable
impact for years. The roads
in the wilderness must be built
and the mass migration organ
lied through persuasion. edu-
cation and equipping of litter
ate peasants.
These critics argue further
that the absentee landlord is
as much a symbol of social in
justice as an obstacle to eco
nomic progress. appropriation
of at least part of his estates
is a psychological necessity.
Only that act. they say. will
Evening star., 1961-10-18
CONTINENT
Continued From First Page

to conclude it has become all
things to all men.
In Asuncion, Paraguay, Con-
zalez Alsina, Minister of Agri-
culture and planning expert of
the dictatorial Stroessner gov
eminent. explained for three
hours how he could use ap-
proximately SIS million in
Alliance for Progress funds.
He had charts, statistics, and
enthusiasm. He would move
oYkr three million cattle to the
desolate Chaco country in
northern Paraguay, expan d
meat production. bring elec-
tricity to eastern Paraguay, and
complete main roads to Brazil,
Argentina and Bolivia. The
Evening star., 1961-10-18

similar straits. They have pub
lished four-year public invest
ment program, and will have the
governments General Develop
ment Plan for the next five
years ready in December. These
plans call for approximately
$3.50 million a year in United
States aid, mainly to finance
capital investments.
Members of the planning
commission in Bogota said they
would like to submit these plans
to the expert panel of mine
wise men" approved in princi-
pie at the Punta del Este Con-
ference. They are to advise on
and coordinate national devel-
opment plans. But the experts
have yet to be appointed.
These Colombian officials
conclude that the sense of ur-
gency stressed this summer has
been lost.
Large Operation
United States officials reply
that machinery for a $50 billion
aid and investment program is
not created overnight. They
claim the present confusion is
part of the growing pains of
any great new venture. They
will disappear with time and
experience. they say.
They note that in the six
months after President Ken
nedy proposed the Alliance for
Progress last March the United
States gave SO loans totalling
1913 million. In the month
after Punta del Este, the In
ter-American Developm ent
Bank-the chief hemisphere
institution of the Alliance
gave out $50 million alone in
social progress loans.
Conferences between Under
secretary of State Bowles. top
Washington advisers on the
Alliance, and United States am
basSadorS in the area-held in
Lima, Peru, and San Jose. Co.'S
ia Rica. this month-were fur
ther calculated to end confu-
sion over how aid is to be
channeled.
To the traveller in South
America, however, the central
problem is not alliance ma
chinery but alliance psyche
logy. North Americans tend to
regard the Alliance for Pro-
! greSs as a kind of genteel Robin
Hood operation with United
States money only supplement-
ing local campaigns to redis-
tribute the wealth and create
more for the good of all.
Wealthy Not Surrendering
The wealthy classes of Latin
America-particularly the large
landownerS-have other ideas
While they no longer uniformly
deny the need for reform, they
are not about to surrender
peacefully the power and privi-
leges held by their families fol-
centuries.
81 have never thought about
the unfairness of our having SC
much money" said one young
Colombian millionaire. Our
family has always had it. and
I was raised with it." At "a. he
owned two large cattle ranches,
a fertilizer factory. and one of
Colombia's major hotels. He
was off to an extended tour of
Europe to buy cattle and study
breeding.
Over the roar of airplane
Evening star., 1961-10-18

country now has about 100
miles of paved roads.
Reforms Is TOuchy Aspect
But how could this Alliance
aid be tied to democratic re-
forms? How much outside su-
pervision would Paraguay ac-
cept? Mr.. Alsina and other
officials either ignored these
questions or buried them in
verbiage.
Any democratic elections
would have to be watched, If at
all. from outside Paraguay.
You do not have to stand right
on top of a light to appreciate
its glow" was Mr.. Alsina's po-
etic rejoinder.
Paraguayan sovereignty must
be guarded at all costs, he said.
United States officials in
Asuncion reluctantly admitted
Paraguayan refusal to accept
an overall national planning
commission with United States
Point 4 advisers. Paraguayan
officials have been diplomatic.
but they also have made it
clear they oppose even this di-
luted form of "meddling."
Others Have Problems
Other countries have entirely
different problems with the Al
lance. Many have rudimentary
planning and democracy Of a
sort. They welcome assistance
from United States experts in
perfecting both. They are great
Ily confused. however. about
how the aid machinery Of the
Alliance works.
Bolivia has drawn up a 10
year development plan. It's full
length is 5000 pages, its sum-
mary 300. The plan calls for
$276 million in foreign loans,
most of them to refund foreign
debts already contracted.
| Average individual income in
this Andean country. where 55
per cent Of the people are In
dian and 80 per cent are part
Indian. is to rise from the pres
ent $87 a year to $3.50 per year
at the end of the decade.
Bolivian officials now are
pondering what to do next.
They are not quite sure whom
to approach for money.
They say the United States
aid program has become too
complicated to fathom. The
American Embassy unofficially
agrees.
Colombian planners are in
Evening star., 1961-10-18

he explained how many
wealthy Colombians are moving
their money to Swiss and New
York banks. He was rather
contemptuous of the govern
ment.
THE national bank allows
it, even helps us get dollars"
he said. Many people are try
ing to escape the initiation of
the peso which is running them.
Others believe communism is
coming, that the government
is too soft. and want to save
their fortunes"
This flight of capital-often
described as a suicidal impuse"
of the rich-puts a mighty
brake on Latin American
development. Current estimates
of Latin capital residing in
foreign banks varies between
$6 billion and $40 billion.
Opposing Groups Rule
Reforming politicians and the
bright young experts support
ing them are caught in a wise.
In most countries they now
control the executive branch
of government, but older ruling
groups still dominate the leg
iSlatures.
If reforms are too radical. :"
they will either not be passed,
or will further undermine con-
fidence of the moneyed class.
For instance. Colombian Vice
President Carlos Lleras Res
trepo said in Bogota that rails
ing Colombian direct income
taxes-already high for South
America-might pay for land
reform, but it would risk dan
gerouS flight Of capital.
Compromise Seen
On the other hand, if reforms
are not made, the United States
Government has made it clear
little or no financial aid will
be given. And almost everyone
realizes that to stand still in
in the present situation is to
drown in the oncoming tide of
mass discomfort.
The situation is not hopeless.
Evening star., 1961-10-18

Alliance for Progress is to be
in fact the peaceful revolu-
ton" it has been labeled, its
architects still must decide how
to accomplish by persuasion
what Mr.. Castro has done with
force.
Tomorrow: Crisis in Brazil.
Evening star., 1961-10-18

prove to the land-hungry cam
pesinos that The Alliance for
Progress really ushers in a new
era of opportunity.
The central question they
cannot answer is how to break
these pillars Of old society
peacefully and legally, If the
Evening star., 1961-10-18
LOST

BLACK CAT, red collar. vic. Ray DR..
and Gist ave. Silver Spring. Reward.
Phone JU. 9-566l.
BRACELET, 22-karat gold, with i'm
bedded gen. pearl; reward: tound'
call WIHNdIFFRED De LOS SANTOS
CAT. vic Wis ave. and Warren st.
NV. male, altered, blk. white; child's
pet; reward. EN-. 3-22s6.
CAT, alt. male. white with gray spots,
no Identification; vic. Avon pl,
Georgetown, missing since Sun, am
AID. 4-767S or Ii. 3-5OOO, Ext. 80.
DOG, poodle, miniature, white; vic.
stone collar; ans. Pierre. HU
3-3376 after s pm.
DOG. toy Manchester terrier. male.
black and tan, small red collar; Mon
day night, vic. National Airport: an
swers 70 name of Babe; reward
DOG, female Ichihuahua, white with
S-6f76. OIL. a-O6si.
DOG, strayed from 5617 32d NV;
old. large. black and white collie.
female; leather collar dsI, with rabies
EhsR day sSsnhs s shOFehsn dSs H0ts ssH5
clip-on; reward. OIL. 6-9336.
EYEGLASSES, Sat, vic. 14th and @
sts., in Huffer Shin optical case.
Call EN-. 3-6S51.
FLOWER BROOCH, gold, satin finish,
ruby cluster center; vic. Wash. Hotel
or Geo. Wash. pkwy., Oct. Is.
Reward. NE. s-0O54.
NURSES UNIFORM with Emergency
Hospital pin and name Identification
plate. Vic. 10th and Eye SITS. NV.
Reward. NO. 7-6g42.
PRAYER BOOK, left in taxi cab Sun.
morning, vic. GEORGETOWN. Reward.
HO. 2-6765 after q.
PUPPY, beagle. tan, white under neck;
vic. OF Bethesda; reward. Call OIL.
6-5333; ewes. OIL. 2-5313.
READING GLASSES, in case, on Sheri-
dan st. NV. betw. Ga. ave. and 9th
St; rev. WA. 7-72O0. Mr.. Bachra ch.
WALLET, red, Containing money, Gre
dentials; lost NV. Washington or on
bus; finder keep money, but return
papers. Ho. 2-5133.
WATCH, LADY, S, small, round, Jaeger
lie Coultre. white metal. black band;
vic. Constitution Hall-18th st., Mon.
Oct. l6; sentimental value; reward.
Call OF. 4725s.
WRIST WATCH. Lady Elgin. yellow
gold, in taxi or vic. new House Of
flee bldg, Friday. Oct. Is: sentimen-
tai value. Reward. Call 10. S-s971,
after pm.
Evening star., 1961-10-18
FOUND

a little gold; vic. Brightwood. ia.
9-3071.
DOG, collie, brown and white. male
vic OF Bethesda. JU. 5-51S3, 8 am.
to 9 pm.
PUPPY. toy puddle. white; vic. North
Arlington. IA. 7-6O55.
Published Daily and Sunday
at 225 Virginia Ave. Sc.
Second Class Postage Paid
at Washington, d. c.
Evening star., 1961-10-18

EARRING, vic. shoreham Hotel, Satur-
day evening; 1 dble. aquamarine
clip-on; reward. OIL. 6-9336.
Evening star., 1961-10-18

EYEGLASSES, Sat, vic. 14th and @
sts., in Huffer-Shin optical case.
Evening star., 1961-03-15
Youth Quizzed
In Housebreukino
Bolts to Liberty

Police today sought a II.
year-old youth who bolted out
Of the twelfth precinct early
this morning while being ques-
toned about some recent house.
breakings. No charges had beer
filed against him.
Deputy Chief George R. Wall.
rodt said the youth was picked
up late last night by two
twelfth precinct plainclothes-
men at the request of Precinct
Detective Richard F. Flynn.
The boy was brought to the
station house about 1890 am.
and placed in a railed-off area
where the station clerk sits.
Since he was only wanted
for questioning, the youth was
not charged with any crime
at the time. At about las am.
while, Station Clerk George N
Pailes was answering the phone
the youth jumped over the
rallied area and ran out the
front door Of the station house
police said.
Corpl. Pailes followed, but
was delayed by the traffic or
Rhode Island avenue NE. Corpl
IPaileS said his service revolver
went off once accidently. The
youth-posSibly wounded-es-
capped.
A police lookout for identi-
fies the youth as colored, II
years old, 5-foot-10, and 155
pounds.
Evening star., 1961-03-15

street NV; Henry H. Leonard,
so, Of the 5000 block of john
son avenue, Glenarden, Md;
James o. Lewis, 40, Of the 2400
block Of Hartford street Sc;
Earl r. McIver, 38, of the 1900
block of v street NV; Web
ster Miller, Al, Of the 1900 block
Of Florida avenue NE.
Also, William r. Morgan, IS,
Of the 1900 block of A street
Sc; Harris w. Richardson,
Sc, Of the first block of Grant
circle NV; Robert H. Rob-
erts. 81. of the 300 block of
Thirty-f fifth street NE; John
w. Sullivan, 40, of the 3400
block of Clay street NE;
David S. Thomas, 40, Of the
1000 block Of Maryland avenue
NE; Richard Thorne, AZ, Of
the 400 block Of Fifteenth
street Sc, and Joseph Postell,
At, Of the 1900 block Of Meigs
place NE.
A warrant was issued for
another man charged with the
same offense.
Evening star., 1961-03-15
Russian
Magazine
Flow Aided

A bottleneck in delivery OF
Russian publications to Ameri-
can subscribers has been cleared
away, the Treasury Department
says.
The New York Customs Of
flee for some time has beer
clearing Russian newspapers
and magazines without exami-
nation, a Treasury official said
Nevertheless, he continued, the
New York postmaster has in.
sisted that these mailings have
a "customs-free" stamp affixed
to them before delivery to sub.
scribers.
This procedure frequently
caused delivery delays Of sew.
eral days when the publication.
Evening star., 1961-03-15
Poluris Scores
Sixth Success

CAPE CANAVERAL. Fla,
Mar. Is (AP).-A longer-range
PolariS missile scored its sixth
success in seven test firings to-
day, streaking 1000 miles down
the Atlantic missile range.
The Navy reported the 81
foot, Solid-fuel rocket met all
test goals during the 15-minute
flight. The missile was launch
ed from a land-based pad.
This new model Polaris, the
Az, is being developed to carry
a nuclear payload to targets
1.725 miles away. This COM
pares with the 1,380-mile range
Of the operational Al Polarises
deployed aboard the nucleal
submarines George Washington
and Patrick Henry.
Two of the successful AZ
shots were from q ship at sea
Evening star., 1961-03-15
FARM
New Plan Leaves
Veto to Congress

committee failed in a three
hour session yesterday to COM
promise a key compliance Sec
ton Of a feed grains bill being
urged by the Kennedy admin
istration.
The preliminary verdict of
Chairman Ellender, Democrat
riculture Committee was: 1T
looks as though we won't have
any bill"
Representative Poage said the
House won't back down from its
vote to permit Mr.. Freeman tc
sell off some Of the more than
- billion in surplus corn and
other livestock feed grains at
below support price levels. The
Senate declined to grant any
such authority.
Mr.. Freeman said he needed
this power to persuade farmers
to reduce paintings this year
so they can qualify for a pro-
posed new $1.20 a bushel prop
under corn, compared with
about $1.05 last year.
Mr.. Freeman said today is
the last day the bill could be
approved If the program is to
be put in effect.
Evening star., 1961-03-15
DEPRESSED
Action Due Today
On Area Aid Bill

beginning of virtue" replied
Senator Douglas.
THAT is typical of the atti-
tude Of liberals" retorted Sen
ator Capehart.
When Senator Douglas re-
marked that liberal Democrats
have always lavished affection
on their Southern colleagues,
Senator Mcclellan, Democrat
Of Arkansas, wanted to know
if charging them with being in
an unholy alliance was one way
Of showing that affection.
Senator Douglas insisted he
would continue to try to work
with his friend from Arkan-
sas," adding, "If the Senator
will not walk the first mile
with me I will still walk the
second mile with him"
Shakespeare is Invoked
Senator Mcclellan inter-
rupted to warn Senator Doug
las that If he walks too far he
may find himslef in an "un-
holy alliance"
Senator DirkSen denied that
there is any evidence of an al
lance because Senators from
opposite sides of the aisle vote
alike.
Senator Douglas said the
Dirksen denial of an alliance
reminded him of the passage
from Shakespeare in which
Lady Macbeth is rubbing her
hands. stained with blood and
saying, Out, damned SPOT"
Senator Douglas recalled that
the next line says, "All the
perfumes Of Arabia will not
sweeten this little hand"
Senator Dirksen replied by
asking Senator Douglas how
many times he conferred with
Republicans who agreed with
him on the civil rights bill
when it was before the Senate
last year and if he avoided
Democratic Senators who did
not see eye to eye with him on
that subject.
would the Senator say that
that was an unholy alliance?"
asked Senator Dirksen.
Senator Douglas replied that
there was q small band Of Re-
publicans who sometimes vote
with the liberals and he hoped
their tribe would increase.
Evening star., 1961-03-15
BOY, 8, IS BACK IN CUSTODY
TWO DAYS AFTER RELEASE

An 8-year-od boy released from the Districts Recev
ing Home on Monday was back today charge of
dsorderly conduct.
It's the third trip to the detention home this year
for the boy, a first-grader. -.-
This time, police said he was picked up for running
up and down the aisles Of downtown department store
squirting people with water pistol stolen from
another store. r-...
He had been released Monday after two-day stay
for breaking into railroad depot in the Takoma Park
section Of the District to look for money.
In January the youth spent three days at the home
after being picked up for stealing go cents from March
of Dimes collection stand.
Youth Aid Division police had recommended against
release in each case, but each time Juvenile Court
turned him to the custody of his only parent his mother
Last September, when he z, he picked up for
pouring gasoline motorboat at Maine pier
and setting it afire. as
Police gave him lecture and sent him home that
time.
Evening star., 1961-03-15

arrived at the New York post
office on a week end or a holi-
day. Customs officials are I'M
available for stamping except
on business days.
Harrison E. Salisbury, an ex-
pert on Russian affairs for the
New York Times, complained
last month to White House
Press Secretary Pierre Salinger.
Mr.. Salinger forwarded the
complaint to Treasury Secre-
tary Dillon.
Mr.. Dillon checked the stu
alton and informed Mr.. Salin-
ger in a letter last week that the
New York postmaster and Gus
toms collector had agreed to
eliminate the stamping re-
quirement. This new procedure
should prevent delivery delays,
Mr.. Dillon told Mr.. Salinger.
Secretary Dillon expressed
hope that the simplified pro-
cedure will contribute to the
freest possible exchange Of in
formation between our own and
other countries"
Evening star., 1961-03-15
FARM
Continued From First Pag,

Continued From First Page
organize Government depart
ments and agencies.
AS in legislation Of this latter
type, Congress would retain a
veto over the decisions Of the
individual farm groups. These
groups could put their pro-
grams into effect by a two
thirds vote of the growers in
volved.
But II Congress decided with
in a specified time limit
probably so days-that the
particular program failed to fit
the overall agricultural pat
tern or involved too large ex-
penditures, it could kill the
program by a majority vote.
Mr.. Kennedy, who has made
it clear in the past that he
does not regard himself as a
farm expert, was said to have
approved the principle Of the
new program after some rather
desparing efforts had been
made to draft an overall leg
islative program.
Under the new plan, Congress
would be asked to vote author
ity to the President-which he
in turn would delegate to the
Secretary of Agriculture-to use
all Of the agricultural props
now available.
These would include COM
pensatory payments to growers,
direct payments, crop loans,
purchases and others.
In essence, the new program
represents a refinement of
proposals offered in previous
Congresses by Senator Hum
phrey. Democrat of Minnesota.
He is known to have had a
hand in drafting the new pro-
gram.
1t has been Senator Hum
phrey's viewpoint that if the
administration did not attack
the farm problem in some new
way. it would find itself begged
down-as the preceding Re-
publican administration did
in congressional controversy
over piecemeal legislation such
as that dealing with feed
grains.
A Senate-House conference
Evening star., 1961-03-15
RAID
Continued From First Page

Continued From First Page
Prince Georges County, Md;
Claude F. Tate, Al, Of the 900
block Of Allison street NV,
and Bobbie Taylor, 81, Of the
1000 block Of Sixth street NE,
Warrants were issued for two
other men charged with the
same offense.
Charged with participating in
a numbers game on Federal
property were Theotris Arren-
dell. So, Of the first block of
Rhode Island avenue NE;
Richard ]. Bolden, so, Of the
TOO block Of Ingraham street
NV; Wallace s. Booker, 49, of
the 400 block Of Madison street
NV; William Broadus, jr., 81,
of the 3400 block Of Oakwood
terrace NV.
Also. Edward Chives, ST., 72,
Of the first block of Seaton
place NV; Dallis E. Copelin,
Al. Of the 800 block Of Ingra-
ham street NV; Rozier w.
Dent, SIS, of the 1900 block of
Third street NV: George Dial,
so. of the 900 block of o street
NV.
Also. Melvin L. Edler, 36, of
the 1900 block of New Hamp-
shire avenue NV; Milton Glib
son. 80, Of the 1900 block of
Gault place NE; John s.
Coins. 40. Of the 900 block OF
Westminster street NV; Leon
ard B. Holland, 48, of the
1900 block Of Kirby road, Nc
Lean. Va: James I. Jackson,
48, of the 1900 block of Capitol
avenue NE.
Also, Morris Jenkins, SO, of
the 300 block of Webster street
NV; Alphonzo johnson, SO,
Of the 100 block Of Adams
Evening star., 1961-03-15
SOUTH AFRICA

Continued From First Page
talks outlined yesterdays de-
velopments in this manner:
All Mr.. Verwoerd's colleagues
recognized that there were
precedentS in the case of India,
Pakistan, Ghana and Cyprus
the newest member for ac-
cepting applications for mem
bership Of nations switching
from monarchical to 'republi-
can constitutions.
In that sense all indicated
q willingness to allow South
Africa to stay on in their club.
But there were 50 many
strong denunciations of South
Africa's. apartheid policy that
1t became evident all wanted
to associate themselves and the
Comrponwealth from 1t.
Group Outlines Stand
Accordingly they drafted q
statement on the basis Of con-
tributions from Mr.. Macmillan
Mr.. Diefenbaker, Sir Tangku
Abdul Rahman Of Malaga, and
others. It set forth clearly that
the Commonwealth stands fol-
the observance of what they
called human rights, racial
equality and anti-discrimina-
tory principles.
Mr.. Verwoerd alone refused
to accept it. He invoked the
rule of unanimity (the veto)
which, in the past, has beer
observed at Commonwealth
meetings in the issuance oi
public declarations.
Mr.. Macmillan invited him tc
put forward his own statement
Mr.. Verwoerd came back with
a formula and it proved unac-
ceptable to his colleagues. Fol
80 minutes they wranglec
about 1t. e'Et
Several participants suggested
that MFR. Verwoerd's statement
and that of his colleagues bs
issued together in a single com.
munique. Mr.. Verwoerd re.
jected this, too.
It was finally decided Il
sleep on the matter. Further
wrangling came today. anC
South Africa Withdrew.
Evening star., 1961-03-15
Crockett of Star
Opens Exhibit

An exhibit Of 10 watercolor
and oil paintings by Glib Crock
EFT, political cartoonist for The
STAR opened today in the lobby
Of The Star building, 225 Vir-
ginia avenue Sc.
The exhibit includes nine
landscapes and a portrait. All
but two Of the landscapes are
scenes from this area.
In the group are painting;
which won the second water.
color prize in the Washington
Art Clubs fall festival show oi
1853, and second watercoloi
prize In the 1860 show of the
Landscape Club Of Washington
The exhibit viii continue fol
two weeks.