davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-08-29

enduring defeat from Con-
gresS on his agriculture and
education programs, the
Presidents humiliating en-
counter with that branch of
his Government in attempt
ing to enact his all-impor-
tant and vital" long-term
foreign aid program into law
should add considerably to
his education as a leader"
For splendid rhetoric, arrest
ing diction and political slo-
ganS Notwithstanding, Mr..
Kennedy must by now have
learned that Congress is not
the kind of body to traipse
along pied-piper-like behind
a leader" who offers bold
md pretty words but not bol6
and effective leadership.
David Hughes.
Evening star., 1961-08-29

determined, but Secretary of State Rusk
has left no room for doubt that they
will surely be held, and in the not too
distant future. AS to their success,
however, all one can say at the moment
is that we shall see what we shall sec.
Evening star., 1961-08-29

ment of diabetic patients
with oral drugs.
The proposed legislation
merely limits the patent
monopoly on drug products
to a period of three years,
after which other companies
meeting the Food and Drug
inspection requirements may
secure licenses to manufac-
ture and sell the product.
For the remaining 14-year
period, the owner of the
patent receives generous
royalties; the 8 per cent
maximum included in the
bill is far higher than the
usual royalties to be found
in the patent licensing agree
ments contained in the sub
committees drug hearings.
Indeed the only instance
that 1 can recall where the
royalty figure exceeds 8 per
cent is the Smith,. Kline &
French patent licensing
agreements for Compazine
and Thorazine, the leading
tranquilizers used in the Ma
tons m n tai hospitals
throughout the country. For
these products, on which this
company has exclusive SELL
ing rights in the United
States from the French dis
coverer, it is obligated to pay
royalties exceeding 8 per
cent only so long as no COM
petition on these products
exists in this country.
Estes Kefauver,
Chairman, Senate Ju-
dietary Subcommittee on
Antitrust and Monopoly.
Evening star., 1961-08-29
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Sea Organisms One Happy Family
By THOMAS r. HENRY

Great communities of hun
dreds of millions of single
celled sea organisms may
constitute something like a
single big animal or plant.
Different species take the
place of different organs, like
lungs, skin or liver, in higher
animals.
Researches indicating this
have just been reported to
the Office of Naval Research
by DR.. Carl H. Oppenheimer
of the University of Texas
Institute of Marine Science.
"A relatively untouched
aspect of the METEOROLOGICAL
field" says DR.. Oppenheimer,
is the study of the organi-
zation of populations and
the succession and distribu-
tion of species within these
populations. At the unicellu-
lar level of life one sees
many types of micro-organ-
iSms living in apparent har-
mony.
"A novel way of looking
at this is to assume that
large populations of many
species may function as an
organism, with each differ
ent species functioning COL
lectively as tissue. This may
be true especially in shallow
marine embayments where
the temperature is high and
the microbial population ex-
ceedS 10 million cells per
thouSandth of a liter.
Live in Perfect Harmony
Perhaps one can learn
much about multi-cellular
organisms through studies of
mixed microbial populations.
The first attempts to under
stand such phenomena have
been a product of recent
studies"
A man or a mouse is made
up of many millions of cells
compressed into one body.
The single cell, however,
might be considered as a sep
arate organism which has
lost all independence of
movement or action. The
microbes might be conSid-
cred as an organism whose
cells have retained a degree
of independence.
At least, according to the
report, they all seem to live
together in perfect harmony
despite species differences.
Ocean currents have tenta-
lively been identified by their
bacterial content, indicating
that water masses have quite
characteristic microbial pop
ulations.
The Navy has developed a
self shuttering electronic
Evening star., 1961-08-29
Senator Kefquyer Replies to Pharmaceutical Critic

Patent Office, it may we'll
be that the patent examiner
handling the Upjohn appli-
cation never knew of the
work done abroad.
It is of special interest. I
think, that the basic work in
this field occurred in coun-
tries which have consistent
ly refused, on grounds of
public policy, to allow prod
uct patents on drugs because
of their vital significance to
the public health. In both
Germany and Holland pri-
vate monopoly rights may
not be erected upon patents
on drug products; patents
are issued upon processes of
manufacture on the theory
that, if the drug product is
of sufficient Importance, hu-
man ingenuity can be de-
pended upon for the discov-
cry of another method of
manufacture to reach that
same end result.
1t should be noted that
the Kefauver-Celler bills do
not go anywhere near so
far in the way of curbing
proliferation of drug patents
as has been established
standard policy in European
countries. The absence of
patent protection on drug
products in these countries
has in no wise discouraged
the advance of technology;
indeed it is to the German
firm Hoechst that Upjohn is
indebted for its exclusive
United States License on
OrinaSe, the revolutionary
development in the treat
Evening star., 1961-08-29

The New Frontiers pro-
grams for ernmen t
spending and its financing
methods face a rude check
in Congress in the immediate
weeks to come. These pro-
grams, which go far beyond
the needed increases for ma
tional defense and the con-
tinuation of aid, already
have sounded the alarm.
Heavy taxation and in
creased prices and initiation
may be around the corner.
The immediate challenge to
the New FrontierSmen is over
the Kennedy administra-
tion'S proposed "backdoor"
financing of a program for
economic development loans
in the foreign aid bill,
passed by the Senate and
now in conference with the
House. Backdoor financing,
in plain language, means
borrowing from the United
States Treasury without the
need Of annual appropria-
tionS by Congress. In this
particular case, the borrow
ing Of some So billion over
a five-year period, including
the present fiscal year, is in
volved. The House, in pass
ing its foreign aid bill,
provided for a one-year ap-
preparation and omitted the
five-year program plan.
Rockefeller Takes a Hand
Gov. Nelson A. Rockefeller
of New York has stepped
into the fight and arrayed
himself firmly in opposition
to the Treasury borrowing
idea and in favor of the
usual annual appropriations
by Congress. He supports,
however, long-range plan
ming. Had the New York
Governor made his views
clear before the Senate acted
on the foreign aid bill, the
Kennedy Treasury borrowing
program might have been
defeated in that chamber
for Senator Harry F. Byrd
of Virginia, Democratic
chairman of the Senate FL
nance Committee, only lost
his fight to knock out the
Treasury borrowing provision
by a vote of 80 to Sc. Ten
Republicans, including Sena-
tors JavitS and Heating of
New York, voted against the
Byrd amendment.
The House Republican
leadership is fighting the
Treasury borrowing program
tooth and nail, and for an
nual appropriations by Con-
gresS. The vote in the House
was 1877 to 1876 against the
Treasury borrowing proposal
not a roll call vote, but a
teller vote. The Democratic
leaders failed to ask for a
roll call (Which they could
have had), fearing that the
record might have been more
heavily against them, and
believing that if the bill was
sent to conference without a
record vote by the House on
this issue, it would place the
supporters Of Treasury bor-
rowing in a better position.
There is no doubt, appar-
emily, that the confereeS of
the Senate and House, heav-
lily dominated by Democrats
supporting the Kennedy ad-
ministration, can agree to
place the Treasury borrowing
plan in a conference report
Evening star., 1961-08-29
Foreiqn Aid Debate

Shame on William S.
White. Usually his columns
are objective and based on
reason, but not so August %.
He favorS the Presidents for
eign aid bill-all of it-and.
therefore, believes that any
one who is against it is COM
mitting political suicide. I
wonder if Mr.. White, even as
intelligent as he undoubtedly
is, has remained too long ex-
posed to the ivory tower. Per-
haps he has not been to the
hinterlandS lately, or if he
has, he may not have stayed
long enough to sense the
changing American mood. I
wonder if he takes into &C
count the increasing diSen-
chantment, even among ad-
vocateS of foreign aid, at the
waste Of our resources to keep
regimes in power which turn
against us at every oppor-
tunity. (Mr. Nehru is now
siding with KhruShchev on
Berlin.)
Mr.. White also is less than
objective in comparing Sen
ator Goldwater's 1864
chances with Senator Taft'S
in 1852. Senator Taft was
not defeated because of his
philosophy, real or imagined.
I would guess that most vot-
erS didn't even know what
his philosophy was reputed
to be. He was defeated be-
cause he did not have the
personality that appeals to
voter emotions, which is
more necessary these days
than the reputation for a
proper philosophy. 1t is OBJ
viouS that Senator Goldwater
not only has a philosophy
that is striking a responsive
chord in a rapidly increasing
number of voters, but he has
the sincerity and honesty
that they inStinctively trust
and he has that most i'm
portant prerequisite, a win
ming personality.
Violet Palmer.
= + \ +
John F. Kennedy'S flair
for words Is not matched by
a corresponding capacity for
executive leadership. Mr..
Kennedy'S efforts so far to
persuade the Congress to fol-
low his leadership have been
a notable failure. Presiden-
tial difficulty with the Con-
greSs is certainly nothing new
in our history. However, in
Mr.. Kennedy's case his fail
ure to effectively lead the
Congress is especially worthy
Of note and comment, since
it was on the issue of Lead
ership for the SOS" that Mr..
Kennedy recommended him.
self to the voters with such
persistent and vigorous ora
tory throughout the election
campaign.
Mr.. Kennedy is now learn
ing that he is a flesh-and-
blood mortal after all, pos
sessing no special magical
powers of leadership to deal
with Congress on domestic
and foreign problems. After
Evening star., 1961-08-29

DR.. Austin Smith, in his
August Is letter to The Star,
refers to Gelfoam as a
product developed and pat
tented by the Upjohn Co."
In fact, this product is one
in a long series of research
developments on blood coag-
ulation promotion agents
which started in European
laboratories in the early
'30s. Fibrin foam, of course,
was used to stop bleeding
during World War II.
In 1949 Upjohn received
patent No. 2,465,357 based
upon an application filed in
1914. But that basic pioneer
work upon the development
of a porous absorbent ma
terial which was used to save
Buddy Cox's life was done in
Germany and Holland, and
copies of the British patents
representing these discov-
cries may be found in the
United States Patent Office.
Apparently no attempt was
made by these foreign COM
panieS to take out United
States patents, but the fact
of discovery was known in
this country.
1t is of interest that Up
john does not cite this prior
work in the references in it's
patent; the British patents
are, however, listed in patent
No. 2,610,625 issued to Ar
mour on a similar product in
1852. Since the patent ap-
plicationS were processed by
two entirely different divi-
sions in the United States
Evening star., 1961-08-29
Behind Iron Curtain

AS is well known, the diff
ficulties inherent in the per-
petuation of any massive
hoax are many. 1t is common
knowledge to those who are
subjected to the building of
communism" that these diff
ficultieS are boundless. The
following item is taken from
the June Is issue of the
BratiSlava, Czechoslovakia
Pravda CTruth). 1t illustrates
that sometimes words are
worth ten thousand pictures
in Soviet-bloc newspapers
and magazines. 1t also shows,
as have the East German
flights to the West, that the
Moscow blueprint for Utopia
it not necessarily the best
way to construct much of
anything, least of all, a way
of life:
People ashland rightly
why they have to stand in
long queues for potatoes, why
so many cherries are left to
rot on the trees and under
meath them, why there are
suddenly no onions, why
there we're difficulties in the
fuel supply last year, why
there is not enough meat and
milk, children's clothing and
building material, bed linen
and paper napkins, refrigera-
tors and furniture, why there
is a mess in factory catering,
why some bargain-priced
goods have disappeared from
the shops. why One could
go on in this vein for a long
time ="
There are three facts to
note in relation to this arti-
Gle. First, the Soviet-directed
leaders of CzechoSlovakia
seem to have no Shortcom-
ingS whatsoever in meeting
armament quotas for the So
Wet empire and the foreign
policies of same. Second,
there is little effort, if any,
made by the Communist re-
gime in Prague to secure
some of the above scarcities
in trade with the West,
CzechoSlovakia'S trade being
tied with the economic neces-
sites of the Soviet empire
as seen by Moscow. Third, it
is most interesting that this
flouriShing of Scarcities is
permitted in Czechoslovakia
when there are such tre-
mendous efforts by Moscow
and Prague to convince the
world of the production cap
abilities allegedly brought
about by Socialism" Marx
ism-Leninism," building of
communism" dictatorship
of the proletariat," or what
have you. Surely, the Soviet
Union will not sit by idly and
watch these scarcitieS con-
tinue. If the Soviet Union
does so, the question all
CzechS, Slovaks, Magyars,
and others lining in Czecho-
slovskia should ask is:
"Why?"
Observer
Evening star., 1961-08-29

@. What is the difference
in usage between o and Oh?
d. v.
A. The form o is practi-
cally obsolete as far as ordi-
nary usage is concerned. 1t is
found chiefly in quotations
from poetry, in classical ref
erences, and in religious mat
ter.
Evening star., 1961-08-29
THE POLITICAL MILL
Kennedy Faces Defeat on Borrowing
By GOULD LINCOLN

bill. There seems little use
in such procedure, however,
if the House itself will not
accept such a bill. So a COM
promise is sought by the
confereeS that might satisfy
enough members of the
House. The Republicans and
conservative Democrats who
violently oppose this back
door spending have been en-
couraged by the Rockefeller
statement, which may have
great weight with some
Republicans.
This primarily is not an
antiforeign aid fight. Gov.
Rockefeller and the Republi-
can leaders in Congress are
not opposing foreign aid.
They are insisting on the
control by Congress, how
ever, over the appropriations
and expenditures to be made.
Gov. Rockefeller'S opposi-
ton to Treasury borrowing
for these large Federal ex-
penditures is in line with his
deep convictions on the need
Of sound financing. When he
first became Governor, he
shocked some of his support
ers by insisting on an in
crease in State taxes. The
State was facing a budget
deficit of $700 million. Gov.
Rockefeller has brought its
finances back and been able
to reduce taxes.
When he was serving in
the Roosevelt administration
in 1912, dealing with Latin
American affairs, he advo-
Gated long-term authoriza-
tionS for aid programs in
that area. In his telegram
last week to the Republican
Leader of the House, Charles
Halleck, the Governor said:
Il developed this exact pro-
cedure of long-term authori-
cations and annual cash ap-
propriationS (by Congress-.
This procedure proved to be
eminently satisfactory. I was
then and I am now unalter-
ably opposed to the handling
of these programs in any
manner that impairs the
constitutional prerogative of
Congress"
Aligned With Conservatives
This stand by the recog-
nized leader of the liberal
wing of the Republican party
alignS him with more con-
Servative Republicans waging
this battle against President
Kennedy's financing pro-
gram. 1t has jolted some
liberal Republicans who well
coined an earlier statement
by the Governor approving
Mr.. Kennedy's request for
long-range program authori-
cations. They thought he was
supporting the whole Ken
nedy program. He was not.
That the Kennedy admin
iStration'S handling of Gov
ernment finances and it's
large spending programs are
to become issues in the 1862
and 1864 political campaigns
is becoming more and more
apparent. Gov, Rockefeller is
leaving no doubt where he
stands. His attitude on
Treasury borrowing is that
of the late Senator Vanden-
berg of Michigan, Republi-
can, who supported the Mar
shall Plan, but insisted on
annual appropriations by
Congress.
Evening star., 1961-08-29
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used If
letters carry DrtterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
terS ore subject to conderSd-
ton. Those not used tDtlL be
returned only Dhen accom-
panied by self = addressed,
stamped enUelopeS.
Evening star., 1961-08-29

flash of high intensity to
solve a major lighting prob
lem in missile research.
This flash achieves inStan-
taneouSly and maintains a
peak intensity of 10 press
camera flashbulbs before
shutting off suddenly with
out any afterglow. 1t was de-
veloped by scientists of the
Naval Ordnance Laboratory.
1t consists of a gaseous dis
charge tube coupled with an
artificial transmission line
made up of several capaci-
tatorS.
When the flash is used In
testing missile models the
light lasts for 3,000th of a
second, after which the volt
age abruptly drops to zero,
causing the light to cease
shining Immediately without
any aftergloW. During the
time the missile model is il
Illuminated a high-Speed cam
era takes 50 equally exposed
pictures as it reacts to a
shock wave. Data from these
pictures helps to determine
the aerodynamic stability of
the full-Scale missile.
Solves Major Problem
This new Self-shuttering
light source" says a Navy
report, "SolveS a major light
ing problem in the photo
graphing of high-speed motion
which lasts only a split sec
ond. Negatives exposed with
other illumination systems,
such as chemical flash lamps
and flash bombs, contained
only a few properly exposed
frames. These always were
found in the systems mid
intensity light range. The
remaining negative frames
were always either under
exposed because Of insuffi-.
cient light as the. illumina-
ton system commenced and
ceased its glow. or overex-
posed when the light reached
its peak brilliance.
Evening star., 1961-08-29
Answers to Questions
Ry THE HASKINS SERVICE

A reader can get an answer, by
mail, to any question Of fact by
writing The Star Information Bu-
reau, 635 F street NV. Washington
4, D. C. Please inclose return post
age or Self-addressed, stamped
Evening star., 1961-03-20
W. H. Payne, Jr., Dies;
OfficioIin DC. Schools

William H. Payne. jr, SIS,
supervising director Of indus
trial arts for the Districts pub
lie schools, died in his sleep
Saturday at his home, 2725
Thirteenth street NE.
Mr.. Payne Joined, the school
system in 1928 and had held
the directors post since 1851.
Active in several professional
and civic organizations, he also
was a deacon at the Plymouth
CONGREGATIONAL Church, Sew
enteenth and P streets NV.
A District native, Mr.. Payne
attended the old Garnet Ele-
mentary School and was grad
uated from Dunbar High School
in 1922.
He attended Miner Normal
School, now the District Teach
erS College; Howard University.
where he received a bachelor
Of science degree in 1888, and
New York University, where
he obtained a master Of arts
degree in 1946.
He also studied industrial
arts and psychology at Ohio
State University and at the
graduate school Of the Depart
ment of Agriculture.
Mr.. Payne entered the school
system as a teacher Of general
shop and applied electronics at
Garnet-Patterson Junior High
School. In 1916, he became a
teacher Of applied science at
Armstrong High School, and
remained in that post until his
appointment as industrial arts
director in 1851.
During his long career, he
saw the industrial arts curricu-
lum develop from a minor
course in shop work to a gen.
eral education course partici-
pated in by almost all District
pupils.
He served as chairman Of &C
tivities for the Boy Scouts of
the District, and also directed
the industrial arts portions of
the American Junior Red Cross
Evening star., 1961-03-20

programs in District public
schools.
A member Of several indus
trial arts and teachers organi-
cations, Mr.. Payne also was &C
tive in the Young Mems Chris
tian Association and the Dis
trict branch of the National
Association for the Advance
ment of Colored People.
He leaves his wife, Mrs.
Gladys Peters Payne, of the
home address; his parents, Mr..
and Mrs. William H. Payne,
ST., and a brother Richard, all
of 1884 w street NV, and a
sister. Mrs. Helen P. Williams,
Ill Fifty-thrd street NE.
Friends may call from $50
Evening star., 1961-03-20
AnthonyAguiIino,
Grocer, Veteran

Anthony Aguilino, 65, who
owned a produce stand at the
Florida avenue market for
many years, died Saturday at
Mount Alto Hospital.
A native Of Troia, Italy, Mr..
Aguilino came to this country
in 1910, settling in Washing
ton. He served in the United
States Army du- ing World
War I.
Besides Mrs. Salatto, he
leaves two other sisters, Mrs.
Jessie Dariano Of 1913 Rhode
Island avenue NE, and Mrs.
Angelina Mandara Of 1925 Ter
race drive, Chevy Chase, Nd,
and a brother Menotti of 1850
Euclid street NV.
A requiem mass will be Of
fered at 10 am. Wednesday at
Holy Rosary Church, Third
and F streets NV, with burial
at Arlington Cemetery. Friends
may call at the Chambers Fu-
neral Home, 1400 Chaplin
street NV.
Evening star., 1961-03-20
Mrs. Robbins, 68,
Long q Resident

Mrs. Alfred McC. Robbins,
So, a Washington resident for
"a years, died last Tuesday in
Long Beach. Calf, after a long
illness. She was the former
Esther DuStan.
Mrs. Robbins was the widow
Of 1t. Col. Alfred McCallum
Robbins, USMC, who died in
1948. Born in Aspen, Colo, she
lived in Washington from 1920
to 1854 and was a member of
the Chevy Chase Club.
She leaves a sister, Mrs. Edna
D. Coates of Long Beach and a
brother, Royal P. Dustan Of
Salt Lake City.
Graveside services will be
held at II am. tomorrow in
Arlington Cemetery.
long illness.
Evening star., 1961-03-20

to 1920 am. Wednesday at
the Plymouth Congregational
Church. Services will be held
there at II am, followed by
burial in Woodlawn Cemetery.
Evening star., 1961-03-20

W6L-Housswores Center, lst Floor North BuiIdno
also Chevy Chose, Wheaton Plozo and Corners
Evening star., 1961-03-20

See the omozine "T-Fo" no-fot cooking
method demonstrated Monday, March 10th,
through Friday, March oath, in our North
Building, First Floor.
Evening star., 1961-03-20

no fats, grease, butter -. fry eggs, meat
fish, poultry this healthier, tostier way
no sticking, securing . nothing sticks to
the slick Dupont TefIon surface, so you don't have
to scour or scrope. "T-FoI" cookwore comes clean
with swish and rinse
approved -. by the Drug and Food Administer
tion.
A. Frypans: 875", 59S loHs", 6os;
ll75", 1893
B.-Saucepans: 1/5-Quort, 6.9S; 2A Quart, 79s;
3 2/5-Quort size So8
C. Chicken Fryer: eN" size 798
d. Egg Pan: 7" size 4.98
Special wooden spotuIo included with each "T-FoI"
cooking utensiI.
Evening star., 1961-07-03

Try a trim on some of your
other clothes. For instance,
cotton-ball fringe is wonder
full for use on felt skirts, bo-
leros and stoles. Heavy wool
fringe, especially multicol-
ored. looks marvellous on wool
jersey stoleS.
70 1861, Field Enterprises, Inc)
Miss Scott is oIwoys glad to heoT
from her readers, and whenever
possible will use their questions in
her column, but because Of the
greet volume Of mail received dolly,
she connot answer individual letters.
y
Because of countless queS-
tionS received regarding al
tering of dress patterns, Pa
triciG Scott has prepared a
neW booklet, "Hot0 to Alter
Your Dress Patterns" Which
giveS complete instructions
for altering so that finished
garments WiH fit perfectly.
For your copy of this guide
to correct fitting, tDrite to
Patricia Scott in care of The
EUening Star, incloSing a
long, Selt-GddreSSed, stamped
envelope and Is cents in coin
to coUer the cost OF printing
and handling.