davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-08-18

in 1884. In 1853 he was nam
ed Nuncio to Switzerland,
where he served until he was
created a cardinal in 1859.
CARDINAL di JoRIo, n,
a financial expert, was raised
from monsignor to cardinal by
Pope John. A native of Rome,
he received degrees in philoS-
ophy, theology and canon law
after studies at the Pontifical
Roman Seminary and was or
dained in 1903. In 1918 he was
named an official of the
Works of Religion, then the
name of the Vatican'S bank.
Two years later he was APP
pointed its secretary and be-
came president of its admin
istrative office in 1914. By
the time he was named a car
dinal, he had worked in that
institution - now called the
Institute for Works of Re-
ligion - for 40 years. In 1855
he was named administrator
of the properties throughout
Italy which had been coded to
the Holy See by the Lateran
Treaties.
CARDINAL TISSER
n, Project of the Sacred Con-
gregation of Ceremonial, is a
noted scholar who also serves
as Librarian and Archivist of
the Holy Roman Church. A
native of France, he devoted
most of his life to the study
of Oriental culture. After
studying in the Holy Land,
he attended the Catholic In
stitute of Paris to prepare for
degrees in Hebrew, Arabic,
Syriac, ASsyrian and Ethio-
plan. He speaks these lam
guages in addition to French,
Italian, English. German, Per-
sian and Russian. He has visit
ed the us. four times and
received honorary d egrees
from US. universities. Named
a cardinal in 1885, he served
as Secretary of the Sacred
Congregation for the Oriental
Church from that year until
1859. He became dean of the
College of Cardinals in 1851.
ARCHBISHOP coUSsA, 81,
is a native of Aleppo, Syria.
He entered the Basilian Order
of Aleppo at the age of ID.
He was ordained a priest of
the Melkite Rite-a branch
of the Byzantine Rite in
Rome in 1920. After serving
as a seminary professor in
Lebanon, he returned to
Rome in 1929 to take part in
the work of codifying Orien-
tai canon law. He las been
serving at the Vatican ever
since and was named assessor
of the Oriental congregation
in 1858. He was consecrated
an archbishop on April 16,
1861, by Pope John, who u.s.
ed the Byzantine Rite at the
conservation.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-08-18
FIR. Remark

Continued from Page ~
Formosa, communicated the
Cardinals appeal through the
chaplain's office here.
LED. NOTE: Father Remark
was ordained in 1943 for the
Columbus Diocese, he served
several parishes here prior to
entering the chaplain's serv-
ice in 1851
Individual civilians and the
Enlisted Mems Club here have
already contributed more than
the $1,000 needed to send the
girl to Detroit.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-08-18
No One Catholic -.

proclaimed objective of Fed
eral aid, the maximum de-
velopment of every young
Americans capacity"
How many students are IN
rolled in Catholic schools?
A total of 1868, 648 students
in 13,961 schools, according to
the 1861 Official Catholic Di-
rectory. OF these, $4,000 are
in 267 colleges and univer-
sites, 41,371 in 537 semi
naries, 886, 295 in 2,433 high
schools, and 4,414,4 82 in TO-
174 elementary schools. They
are taught by 1857 full
time teachers, and the operat-
ing costs per year amount to
about S2.3 billion.
Approximately the same
number of Catholic students
are also enrolled in public
schools. In many large cities
a substantial percentage of
the total public and private
school enrolment is in Cath
Ollie schools, for example:
Chicago "a per cent; Phila-
delphia 80 per cent; and Pitts
burgh AZ per cent.
What is the enrolment in
other church . supported
schoois7
About 100000 students.
Lutherans have 100, 900 stu
dents in approximately 1900
schools, including 80 high
schools EpiscopaIians have
480 schools with a total en-
rollment of $4,000. Other de-
nominations have about 200.
900 students in their schools.
How many are enrolled in
other private schooIs7
About 900, 900 students.
This makes a total of about
SO million students in pri-
vate schools, about one-fifth
the number in public schools.
Do these private schools
greatly reduce school taxes2
Yes. The average annual
cost for the education of a
pupil in a public elementary
and secondary school is S496,
and for a college or univer-
sity is $1,414.05. This means
that Catholics alone, by bear
ing the whole cost of edu.
eating 5,300.77 elementary
and high school pupils and
321, 900 college and university
students, reduce the public
school tax by SO, 083, 095, 442.
Ii we add the savings eff
fe ct d by the education
ucation of the 100000 students
in other church-related schools
and 600, 900 in nondenomina-
tional schools, the educational
tax bill of the general pub
lie is reduced more than an
other billion a total saw
ings we'll in excess of Sd bill,
lion.
Do parents who send their
own children TO private non.
profit schools pay additional
funds for the education OF
other children?
Yes. After paying for the
education of their own chill
dren, parents are taxed for
the education of their neigh
bors' children in the public
schools. This means that they
carry double their share of
the educational burden. But
that is not all. On the 81 bill
Lion they q for the nhnnn-
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-08-18

Continued from page u
tificsl Commission for fhe
State of the Vatican City.
Eugene Cardinal Tisser-
ant, Dean of The College of
Cardinals, as Grand Master of
the Equestrian Order of the
Knights Of The Holy Sepui.
cher, a post held by Cardinal
Canal.
Archbishop Acacio Coussa,
assessor of the Sacred Con-
gregation for the Oriental
Church, has been appointed
Pro-Secretary of that congre-
cation.
Cardinal Cicognani's APP
pointment was unusual in that
the document naming him was
written entirely in Pope Johns
hand. 1t was presented to the
Cardinal by Archbishop An
tonia Samore, Vatican Secre-
tary of State for Extraordin-
airy Affairs, and Archbishop
Angelo DelrAcqua, Substitute
Vatican Secretary of State, on
the Pope's behalf.
1T is BELIEVED here that
Cardinal Cicognani, despite
his new appointment, will re-
turn to the us. to serve as
legate to Pope John at the
4th I~nter-American Congress
on Christian Doctrine to be
held in Dallas, Tex, from
November % to December 1.
If he does, it will be the Sec
ond time a Vatican Secretary
of State has visited that coun-
try. The first was Eugenio
Cardinal Pacelli, later Pope
Plus XII, who went in 1886.
While the Cardinal was
Apostolic Delegate to the US.
from 1888 to 1858, the Italian
born prelate travelled in every
state but Alaska, met more
Americans than any other for
eign prelate ever to visit the
US, and played an important
role in a period of unparallel-
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-08-18

ed growth of the Church in
America. He consecrated So
us. bishops. He saw the Cath
Ole population rise from
about 20 to "a million, the
number of priests increase by
close to 100 per cent, the es-
Enlistment of more than 80
dioceses and the founding of
many new parishes, schools
and other Catholic inStitu-
lions.
PRIOR TO HIS CAREER in
the US. he had won recog-
milton as a scholar, particular
ly in the field of canon law,
an author, a teacher and a
counselor of youth. He had
also gained broad experience
as an official in a number of
Vatican congregations. In ad-
dition to his native Italian, he
speaks English, French and
Spanish fluently.
Cardinal Larraona, 70, is a
native of Spain. After study
ing under the Claretian Faith
ers, he entered that congrega-
ton and was ordained in 1911.
Following graduate studies in
Rome, he was named a law
professor at Pontifical Later.
an University in 1918 to be-
gin a 40-year teaching career.
In 1943 he was named under
secretary of the Sacred Con-
gregation of Religious and
was appointed its secretary in
1850, a post he held until he
was created a cardinal in
1858. Cardinal Larraona visit.
ed the us. in 1850 to pre-
side at the National Congress
of Religious held at Notre
Dame University.
CARDINAL MARELLA, Sc,
is a veteran of the diplo-
matte corps of the Holy See.
A native of Rome, he studied
at the Pontifical Roman Semi
nary, earned degrees in the
ology and canon law and was
ordained in 1913. He entered
the diplomatic service at the
apostolic delegation in the u.
S. in 1924 and served there
until he was named an arch
bishop and Apostolic Delegate
to Japan in 1888. He was ap-
pointed Apostolic Delegate to
Australia, New Zealand and
Oceanic in 1943 and Apos-
tolic Nuncio to France in 1858.
In the latter post he succeed
ed Angelo Cardinal Roncalli,
now Pope John XIII He was
created a cardinal in 1859.
CARDINAL TESLA, rs, is
another veteran Vatican dip
lomat and an expert on Mid
die Eastern affairs. Born in
Pope Johns native diocese of
Bergamo, Italy, he studied at
the Pontifical Roman Semi
nary and the Lateran Univer-
sity, earning degrees in the
ology and Sacred Scripture.
He was ordained in 1910.
From 1918 to 1920 he taught
Sacred Scripture at the Ber-
gamo seminary. In the latter
year he was appointed TO the
apostolic nunciature in Aus
tria and in 1924 took part in
a mission to Peru. The same
year he was named an official
of the Sacred Congregation
for Extraordinary Ecclesiasti-
cal Affairs. After duty in the
nunciatures to Bavaria and It.
ally, ne was made an archbish-
OPP and appointed Apostolic
Delegate to Egypt and Arabia
Evening star., 1961-07-25

they wanted to eat in the pri-
vately operated airport res
taurant which serves only
white persons.
The fourth person arrested
was the Rev. M. Petway of
Montgomery, a Negro and the
father of the two Negroes ar
rested with Mr.. Thomas
Kredelle Petway. 20. and Al
fonso Petway, Is.
The two others arriving with
the group we're Steven Thomas,
16, son of Cecil Thomas, and
Tom Schooley. 16, also = of
Berkeley, Calf. Schooley is
white.
At Batesville, Miss, Sheriff
Ross Darby said a 17-year-old
Negro, reported by the National
Association for the Advance
ment of Colored People to have
been beaten to death by four
white men, is alive and in the
Pamela County Jail.
The NAACP had reported
earlier in the day the youth,
Jerry Jefferson, was beaten to
death on the Charles Nicks
plantation 16 miles west of
Batesville.
There has been no killing
and no beating in Pamela
County" Sheriff Darby said.
Evening star., 1961-07-25
The Common Market Movement

teresting to note that French
officials who are sold on the
common market principle
have persuaded many Of their
industrialistS that the reduc-
ton or abolition of tariffs
and quotas will tend to in
crease volume because new
markets will be opened up
that were previously closed
by tariff walls. The entire
emphasis seems to be on in
creased volume of sales at
perhaps lower prices.
In talking with one Of the
highest officials in the
French government who Is in
a position to know President
de Gaulle's views, the writer
asked just how France ex-
poets to benefit from the
common market. The answer
was that there must be fl
nancial discipline and that,
while the pressure for social
gains should be recognized,
the trend must be kept with
in bounds. This implies a
certain form of wage-and-
price control.
Already some trade unions
in Britain are voicing skepti-
cism about the whole thing.
Ted Hill, chairman of the
Trade-Union Congress, which
has 8 million members, has
expressed opposition, along
with 10 other British trade
union leaders. They do not
believe that Britain should
enter the European common
market without submitting
the issue to a general elec-
ton. These trade-union lead
erS declared in a. statement
that to enter the common
market would "be disastrous
for many British industries"
and carefully won wage
standards might easily be un-
dermined."
Agriculture workers, too,
are concerned. Unless prior
ity is given, for instance, to
the marketing of French
farm products at prices COM
mensurate with the higher
costs of farm machinery, dis
aster could strike the French
farmers and lead eventually
to a withdrawal altogether
from the common market
agreement. A solution being
proposed is to apply q series
Of tariff cuts gradually over
the years.
There are, therefore, GER
tain practical difficulties in
the common market problem
which. while by no means
insurmountable, will chal-
lenge the ingenuity Of the
economic statesmen who are
striving for a utopian era in
the tariff world.
(Copyright, 196D
Evening star., 1961-07-25
Bonn Proposes
Arms Increase

BONN, Germany. July 25
(AP).-Chancellor Konrad Ade-
nauer's government has drafted
a tentative 1862 budget provid-
ing a half-billion- dollar in
crease in defense spending,
government sources reported
today.
The $13 billion budget would
include a total of $3A billion
for defense. Most of the in
crease would be for new tanks,
planes and ships.
The total expenditure is a
billion dollars more than the
1861 figure. To get the new
budget approved, Mr.. Ade-
nauer's Christian Democratic
Party will first have to retain
control of Parliament by W.n-
ming the general election this
fall.
Evening star., 1961-07-25
Republicans View Opposition's Failure
On Some Programs as Chance to Gain

dangers of present congress
sional complacency and the
apparent feeling of so many
Democrats that somehow,
someway, short of doing the
hard, dull tasks, their luck
will turn. The present un-
certainties breed a volatile
kind of politics. but it is i'm
probable that luck alone can
do the trick for the party
in power.
Some observers of the Curl
GUS scene, with its almost
complete concentration on
the President, believe that
televiSion has had a part in
the near-refuSal of the Sem
ate to debate the issues be-
fore it. There has hardly
been a Senate debate worthy
of the name this year. But
all the Senators will discuss
practically anything before
the magic lantern.
Last week Chairman Full
bright of the Senate Foreign
Relations Committee began a
long, closely reasoned and
factual account of the coun-
try's major difficulties in
the foreign aid field. After
about 10 minutes two of his
colleagues were listening; he
soon gave up and ordered
the remainder placed in the
Congressional Record.
Perhaps one problem is the
Presidents own reluctance to
turn in a sparkling and pro-
vocative performance against
the opposition. That he should
do what he can to keep lead
ing congressional Republicans
off his neck is understand
able; his pre-occupation with
the antique symbols of the
opposition party has his
friends baffled.
Contemporary Republicans
see in this near-withdrawal
from political controversy
Evening star., 1961-07-25
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

Cuba hijacks American ariner You buy airplane
ticket in Florida nowand get free chance to Havana
They're calling Capt Virgil Grissom the first frogman
from outer space.
There's doubt the worlds fire for communism. In
fact in Berlin Khruhchev may have to signs walk
don't run-to the nearest exit"
The New Frontier reminds you Of the aggressive fellow
with the crew cut-and the receding hair line.
Chester Bowes visits Africa and Asia. Kennedy thinks
he's doing grand job and only wishes the supply
tinents that need visiting inexhaustible.
Dick Nixon Kennedy should fire his advisers. Nxons
afraid this may be the Eisenhower regime all again,
with people cussng everything that happens-and cheer
ing the President for it.
Evening star., 1961-07-25
Britoin's Intention to Join Raises
Problems in Commonwealth

nOnWe0IIn
industries or from certain
sections of the United States
when tariffs Or import quotas
are discussed.
The British, who have
tended to play a lone game.
indicate they intend to join
the common market of the
continental countries, but a
final decision in London can
not be made without paying
substantial attention to the
wishes of commonwealth
countries like Australia, New
Zealand and Canada, with all
of whom Britain now has
preferential arrangements in
trade.
It is not an answer to the
British dilemma to say that
these preferences in duties
would have to be brushed
aside. Such action would
cause severe repercussions in
commonwealth countries.
Britain, for example, now
takes one-third of Australia's
exports and 80 per cent of
New Zealand'S dairy products.
The London cabinet will
have to give assurances that
some sort Of reservations"
will be made so that the
commonwealth countries af-
fected by the common mar
ket proposal will have ample
opportunity to adjust them
selves to the new formula, or
perhaps in some extreme
cases will be covered by a
special agreement.
1t is not easy to reorganize
trade arrangements that have
lasted for many decades and
have imbedded themselves in
the price structure of a ma
ton or in its capacity to ex-
port in competition with
other countries.
This writer had a long talk
in Paris the other day with
Jean Monnet, the father of
the common market idea. and
he is hopeful that Great
Britain will find within a few
months a solution to her
commonwealth dilemma and
come into the European
common market.
When asked how busi-
nesSes in the United States
and, indeed, in certain Eu-
ropean countries where the
workers have a higher wage
level than is to be found in
other countries-are going to
compete, the answer usually
given by proponents of the
common market is that the
whole scheme will tend to
raise wages in Europe where
they are low and gradually to
bring about real competition
on the price front. 1t is in
Evening star., 1961-07-25

school starts on whether the
board has made progress sat-
isfactory to him.
Eleven Negroes attended
once-white high schools here
last year and there we're no
Negroes in white junior highs.
At Jackson, Miss, yesterday,
four Freedom Riders sought
unsuccessfully to integrate ia
cilities at the Municipal Air
port and were arrested on
breach of peace charges.
Cecil Thomas of Berkeley,
Calf, a white YMCA official,
and two young Negroes we're
among six persons who arrived
at Jackson by plane from
Montgomery, Ala.
They were arrested after
telling Police Capt. J. L. Ray
Evening star., 1961-07-25

quested reassignment from all
Negro to predominantly white
schools. No reasons were given.
It was the latest step in the
lingering Little Rock integra-
ton case. The board had an
nounced earlier this year it
would expand integration to
junior highs this fall. Elemen-
tary schools still are segre-
gated.
Twenty-four Negroes will at
tend the city's three predomi-
nantly white high schools this
fall, and "a will attend five pre-
viously white Junior highs.
United States District Judge
Gordon E. Young, who now is
handling the Little Rock case,
is in Europe and won't see the
brief until he returns in August.
He has said he will rule before
Evening star., 1961-07-25
DORIS FLEESON

The House leadership is
making a list of what it
won't do in what remains of
the session. 1t looked i'm
pressive even before Federal
aid to education and medi-
cal care for the aged tied to
the social security act were
added to it.
The trouble with it is that
it leaves what Republicans
derisively call a platform gap
between the promises made
by the Democrats at Los
Angeles last year and their
performance. Dem ocrats
seem to feel, that next year
when all of the House and
one-third of the Senate runs
again, things will be differ
ent-they hope.
In private, their argument
is that the Presidents luck
or lack of it in the Berlin
crisis will make or break the
party in the next two elec-
tions. This argument omitS
the Presidents own conten-
ton that domestic policy is
bound up with foreign af-
fairs which can only be
properly administered when
the home front is secure and
the housekeeping attended
to.
1t would, indeed, be a long
swing away from pre-war
isolationism if the ruling
majorities of the Congress
decide that only what the
President does or fails to
achieve in foreign policy in
terests the American voter.
Evidence abounds that the
country isn't all that pros
porous and developing so
pleasantly that all its explod-
ing population needs to be
happy is for Nikita Khru-
Shchev to subSide.
Mr.. Kennedy and his ad-
visers perceive the political
Evening star., 1961-07-25
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Propaganda Job for America

gain the most unfortunate
picture of the American
character-cruel, to say the
least.
for our agencies In Europe
to play down this hero"
when no single United States
official made a public state
ment concerning the pre-
sumed phonies Of the Ga
garin flight. Nonetheless,
the Soviet propagan a
agency sent Maj. Gagarin to
Europe to- parade before the
peoples the great achieve
ments of the USSR; in this
way they could help the
European public forget that
there was no film to show
them as proof of the flight.
His smiling, handsome face
and his bemedaled uniform
were all that was needed.
On the other hand, our
valiant Comdr. Alan B. Shep-
ard, jr., was photographed in
civilian clothes when he re-
ceived a medal from Presi-
dent Kennedy in a rather in
formal ceremony. Since. he
has faded from the interna-
tional picture-which may
be- becoming for a military
man who only did his duty.
The presence of his capsule
at the Paris Air Exposition
did some good, and its short
visit" to Rome helped too.
Italy's Chief Executive Gron-
chi observed: "At least I
can visualize where the
American is, but I have never
seen any proof from the
Russian" The fantastic
and breathtaking film of
Comdr. Shepard's flight, al
though received by the USIA
in Rome. seems to be con-
spicuous by its absence from
Rome movie houses. It was
shown privately by the Rome
office of the USIA to a Sc
lect few.
There is a big job to be
done in American propa-
ganda in Europe. The Com
munists are busy in every
corner painting a most un-
lovely, convincing picture Of
America and Americans.
Evening star., 1961-07-25
Cutbock of USIA in Friendly Nations
Where Reds Are Busy Believed Mistake

lish. These countries are all
pro American and anti
Communist, and form part
of the bulwark against So
Wet aggression. Yet one does
not hear a single word in
their defense coming from
the USIA.
There are, of course, cer-
tain handicapS for the USIA
caused by Washington it.
self. 1t is pretty difficult to
counter such acts as Adlai
Stevenson's vote in the United
Nations with the TJSSR
against our ally, Portugal.
Western Europe, including
countries openly critical of
strong man Salazar, was
stunned.
On the other hand, the
USIA could not take credit
for the enormous help to
American prestige received in
Europe by the visit of Mrs.
Jackie Kennedy when her
husband visited President de
Gaulle and met with Premier
Khrushchev in Vienna. Her
charm, youth, dignity and
beauty did wonders for Amer
lea, for all Of Europe fell in
love with her.
The average American has
no conception of the impact
our domestic troubles have
on the European press: and
here is one area where the
USIA could do a great deal
to correct bad and incorrect
impressions. In Rome, for in
stance, there are numerous
slick picture magazines. A
headline in an American
paper becomes q feature story
in nearly all of them. The
Freedom Riders. as an ex-
ample, were given several
pages in one of the most
popular slickS. hoover
edited the pictures and
wrote the a eco panying
story evidently had no idea
what the issue was about.
The Italian readers could only