davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-06-06
TRUST NOTES WANTED
AVIATION

PROBLEM Second Trust Notes7
Nd. va broker, notes bouRht-serv-
iced JOHN J. YOUNG. JU. $3.50.
Evening star., 1961-06-06
Ma. s.O5sO
LOOKING FOR
WAREHOUSE SPACE?

$4,000 SO. T.-In NE. Washing
ton, plenty Of parking, dock load
ing, and fenced yard.
Evening star., 1961-06-06
FLORANCE REALTY
IA. 10000 2317 Wilson Blvd

PACIFIC NORTHWEST-Built Of
stone, California redwood, and ex-
tsnsiye glass walls. this low ram
bier is. harmonious with the set
ting Of maple, birch, and ever
greens. Du .Bois fencing, brick
VAL vailed rn fiTspIaes y spInv IL living room room
carport, patio and oVER-HANG-
ING ROOF. Recently redecorated.
Will sell FHA at $4,000 with
only $500 down. r. W. BERENS,
REEAtTSoSRSs' 2160 N. Glebe road.
Evening star., 1961-06-06
COUNTRY CLUB
PARKER
SMITH & DONNELL
IA. 1851 REALTORS ia. 1887

CUSTOM BRICK RAMBLER sur
rounded by IA acres with beau
ttful view. This marvellous home
features 8 large bedrooms, 2 full
baths, separate dining room; large
equipped kitchen with eatins
space; full basement; space for
rec. room; 2 fireplaces and in an
today. CAN WE. 5000.
BHR
BITTER HOMES REALTY. INC.
Evening star., 1961-06-06
MILLER

REAL ESTATE co,
CL. $4,000 IA. 4-4252
DOWNTOWN ARLINGTON - All
brick Cape Cod. Has liv. rm. and
"a bath on 1st floor, 2 twin-slsed
bedrms. and bath up. Full base
ment with rec. rni. space and %
fireplace. Screened porch. De-
tached EaIage; Level wooded lot
Asking $50, 300. FHA or GI with
minimum down.
FLoRANcE REALTY
IA. 10000 2317 Wilson Blvd.
Evening star., 1961-06-06
MOTORCYCLES
MACHINERY and EQUIP.
MISC.
TRAILERS

wRECKNG '55 PACKARD
All Parts
Call JU. 6-9040, 9 AMI Pm.
Arizona tribune., 1961-03-03
GAVEL NOTEBOOK

DEBONAIRS held regular monthly meeting home
Jimmie Saunders, 1888 E.
Mesdames Charles Jackson
Jessie Ruffn Althea Curtis and Lloyd Cook.
Mrs. Paul Brown, former member reinstated.
Mrs. Charles Wilson. reporter
ALPHA GAMMA RO chapter of Alpha Chi Omega
sorority present Riverside Ballroom on
April Is.
Arizona tribune., 1961-03-03
ARIZONA TRIBUNE, FRIDAY MARCH g. 1861 p 2
CHURCH NEWS

HOUSE OF PRAYER of God in Christ, 402 S. Eleventh
Elder George Johnson, pastor.
Everyone invited attend special daily held
nights 745 Prayer services held three each
at E am. IL noon, and 7:45 pm.
monthly music festival is scheduled each
will be held Sunday, March H. Ruby
is the directress.
lunch SouhSide
building delicious southern style bar the
old fashioned Elder Johnson. Proceeds help building
Arizona tribune., 1961-03-03
DIR. LANG NAMED
TO CHILD CENTER

DR.. Charles R. Laing, 38Ol E.
Coronado Road, has been appoint
ed as medical director of the
Child Development Center, 1893
w. Jeffers on.
DR.. Laing, a pediatrician who.
rec emily moved here from Cleve-
land, Ohio, has opened his off
ice in Phoenix.
He will work with a team con-
sisting of social worker, psy-
chologist, psychiatrist, and a
public health nurse, who evaluate
retarded children who have been
referred to the center.
Evening star., 1961-02-19

Iical care for elderly INDECENT
persons.
We're studying that prob
lem. It's a difficult one," he
said.
The District is barred from
participating in the Federal
program because Of the city's
one-year residence requirement
for welfare recipients.
If the District were to elimi-
nate its residence rule while
Virginia and Maryland main
tanned theirs, would that
mean that every elderly soul
who suspects he might become
INDECENT would swarm into the
District?" the Commissioner
asked.
Asked how the city would
meet traffic needs in the fu-
ture, he replied: II can't help
but feel that some form OF
subway transportation is es-
seAtial for the city of Wash
lington."
Evening star., 1961-02-19
Sullivan Comedies CITY
Should Aid JobIess

$58, 900 to aid the needy. But
he added:
Somewhere or other. the
place to lock for relief ceased
to be private agencies and be-
came the state. AS an econo-
mic conservative, I doubt that
it's a good thing"
Mr.. Sullivan, who on Friday
said he had rendered his
resignation to President Ken
nedy, also commented on the
Districts inability to obtain
matching Federal funds under
new legislation providing med
Evening star., 1961-02-19

Outgoing District Commis-
sioner Mark Sullivan, jr., last
night said he agrees reluc-
family. that the city should
consider establishment of q
program Of relief for the un-
employed.
Mr.. Sullivan, in an Interview
on Radio Station WWDC's
Report to the People. noted
that unemployment connected
with severe winter weather has
resulted in the United Givers
Funds emergency appeal fol
Evening star., 1961-02-19

to buy hand and treadle sew
ing machines for use by its
welfare societies in Northeast
India. The machines, in ad-
dition to sewing Indian gar
ments for distribution when
needed, also will provide a
Evening star., 1961-02-19

a livelighood for some natives
in that area.
Another $4,000 was voted by
the committee to build three
warehouses in Korea where re-
lief supplies can be stored.
The group further stated
Evening star., 1961-02-19
Adventists Given
Ton of Clothing
ForWeIfure

The Seventh-day Adventist
Disaster and Famine Relief
Committee yesterday an
nounced that more than a ton
of mems winter clothing to
meet the needs caused by the
recent severe weather has been
sent to its welfare center at
523 Sixth street NV.
The COM mitt ee also
announced it has voted $1,000
Evening star., 1961-02-19

that 81 tons OF clothing will tons to Singapore six tons
De sent overseas follows % Manila, to
tons to Taiwan and Chemoy Netherlands for Indonesa
rs tons to Hong Kong; three refugees.
Evening star., 1961-03-19
A Rap at Rocism

The U. N. General Assembly on
Thursday voted "a to 0 to rebuke
the Union Of South Africa for in
stituting her "apartheid" policies
in the trust territory Of South
west Africa.
Praetoria has consistently re-
fused to recognize U. N. authority
over the former German colony,
which was inundated to South
Africa by the League Of Nations
after. World War I. Many efforts
in the past, some supported in
principle by the United States,
have failed to bulge the South
Africans from the determined ap-
plication of the severe racial seq
regation provided in "apartheid"
laws extended to the inundated
territory.
Here again the United States
departed from previous policy at
the U. N. The United States dele
cation not only voted for the res
olution, but took occasion to offer
a very vigorous denunciation of
the South African racial policy.
The resolution itself contained
no punitive clauses and was in
fact relatively mild. But several
Afro-Asian nations are already
pushing demands that a punitive
measure be adopted by the Assem-
bly, at q later date.
Evening star., 1961-03-19

federation Of Sovereign" states,
each virtually autonomous, headed
by an executive (the present
President Joseph Kasavubu) who
will conduct the Congo's foreign
relations, act as a central organ
Of coordination" and preside
over a Council OF State composed
Of the Presidents Of all the mem
Der states.
But while the transition Is
being made in the capital, the
violence and disorder that has
marked the Congo's every day
since independence from Belgian
colonial rule became formal last
July l went on almost unchecked.
The position Of Antoine Gizenga,
heir-apparent to the slain former
Premier Patrice Lumumba, is still
unclear on the confederation move.
Katanga's President Noise Tshom-
be last week was attempting to ar
range direct talks with the Stan
leyville leader who is considered
by the West to be Communist
oriented.
Evening star., 1961-03-19
Arms Talks Ahead

On the larger issue OF disarma-
ment, Mr.. Kennedy said at his
press conference Wednesday that
general negotiations would prob
ably be resumed in August. A
longer delay until September II,
proposed by the White House
earlier, had been rejected by the
Soviet Union.
In pressing for a resumption as
early as possible, Soviet diplomats
have indicated that an early
agreement would make it less pos
Sible for Communist China, France,
or other participating powers
to ignore world opinion and con-
tinue to arm.
Moscow yesterday had not spe-
officially accepted the August date,
and 1t was not yet clear whether
Evening star., 1961-03-19
Soviet Foreign Aid

Whether this is true or not, the
fact remains that the Communists,
chiefly Russia, have o foreign-aid
program and a military-aid pro-
gram. In the past six years the
Russians have spent over 81 bill
lion on military aid and some
where around $4.6 billion on eco
nomic assistance.
While there have been attacks
by critics of United States motiVa-
tionS as naive and impossible OF
fulfillment, the chief criticisms
have been directed against inep-
titude and even stupidity in the
spending Of this $85.8 billions.
Among the broad charges lev
eled by critics against the foreign
aid program are these:
1. The United States gave eco
nomic and military aid to dicta-
tors who used this aid to suppress
their own people in the name Of
anti-communiSm.
2. The United States aid was
used by allies and former foes to
rebuild and modernize their indus
trial complexes in such way that
they are now this nations chief
competitors and this competition
is injurious to United States labor
and industry.
3. Corrupt officials used q. S.
funds to enrich themselves and
Evening star., 1961-03-19
NEARBY VOTES

Following are the votes Of
Maryland. Virginia and West Vir-
ginia members Of Congress on
major roll calls last week:
Senate
s /. Area Redevelopment Act,
authorizing loans and grants to-
falling 1894 million for the re-
development of economically de-
pressed industrial and rural
areas. Robertson, Democrat Of
Virginia, amendment to require
regular congressional appropria-
tions, rather than direct Treasury
financing, for the three $100 mil
lion area redevelopment loan
funds in the bill. Rejected 45-49
ID 16-47; r 29-2), March IA,
1861. A may" was a vote sup
porting the Presidents position.
FOR: Beall and Butler. Republicans OF
Maryland: Byrd and Robertson Demo-
Gratis Of Virginia. .-.-
AGAINST: Byrd and Randolph, Democrats
of West virginia.
Evening star., 1961-03-19
South Africu:
'RegrettobIe'

South Africa, assailed on
every side for its rigid policy
of "apartheid," withdrew from
the British Commonwealth Of
Nations last week.
Prime Minister Hendrick F.
Verwoerd was a lonely figure in
London last week, and after
Wednesday, his native South
Africa had become q lonely coun-
try in the world community.
Ten Commonwealth heads-of-
government, assembled in Lon
don for the annual Common
wealth Conference. spent three
days asSailing the severe racial
segregation and political dis
franchisement practiced by the
South African government. The
chief point all raised: Could the
Commonwealth continue to toll
crate systematic, organized racial
discrimination within its struc-
ture in today'S world?
DR.. Verwoerd, committed to his
governments course, could make
no concessions. All the efforts
Of British Prime Minister Harold
Macmillan to effect a face saving
compromise were unavailing. The
Commonwealth leaders, most of
them non-whites, were deter
mined.
On Wednesday South Africa
withdrew from the Common
wealth. There were reports that
the segregationist nation would
also quit the U. N. and make
its way alone in a world in
creasingly disappearing of racial
barriers. But the departure from
the Commonwealth was peaceful
and without rancor. South Africa
will continue to be a member Of
the sterling bloc after May 81,
when the former Union becomes
a republic.
Evening star., 1961-03-19
Atom Tests,
Arms Stand

Negotiations for a three power
ban on nuclear testing will re-
sumo in Geneva Tuesday, with
Arthur H. Dean heading an
American delegation bearing
new proposals for "a safe
guarded but equitable treaty"
Last December 5, when the
Geneva conferees on a nuclear
test ban recessed pending the
changeover in the United States
administration, much ground had
been covered in the nearly three
years Of talks among Soviet, Brit
ish and American delegations de-
spite the lack Of a final agree
ment.
Now the conference is resuming,
with the whole world watching to
see what differences the Kennedy
administration might bring to the
conference table. An agreement
on nuclear testing, 1t is clear, could
do much to clear the way for a
larger agreement on disarmament
later.
President Kennedy, in bidding
farewell to Mr.. Dean, said that the
long negotiations had reached the
decisive" stage. He made it plain
that the United States did not in
tend to allow the long parleyS to
drag on without results much
longer. Six to eight weeks is con-
sidered unofficially to be the ex-
tent Of time to be allowed for the
resumed talks. If there is no prog
ress, the United States will prob
ably resume testing, although at
moSphere "shots" will be barred in
favor of underground or strato-
spheric testing.
Evening star., 1961-03-19
The Agendo Issue

Ambassador Stevenson last week
apparently abandoned efforts to
induce Soviet Foreign Minister
Andrei Gromyko to agree to a
bare bones" agenda for the pres
sent tail-end session Of the Cen
eral Assembly.
Mr.. Stevenson had originally
proposed that major issues in the
cold war. especially disarmament,
be held in allegiance until the next
regular session Of the Assembly
meets next September. He would
have had the current, resumed
session confine itself to the Congo
problem and to issues already up
for consideration when the dele
gates reconvened.
But another personal meeting
with Mr.. Gromyko Wednesday at
the Soviet headquarters on Park
Avenue brought no results. There
are 81 issues before the Assembly
for consideration, and 1t appears
Evening star., 1961-03-19
Secret Talks

Secret talks have been taking
place since February between
emissaries Of the Algerian Provi-
sional Government and the
French. Now they will be in the
open. The French Cabinets public
proposal last week for official ne
gotiations was accepted Friday by
the Algerians. The talks will be
held on the French-Swiss border,
with the Algerians living in neu-
trail Switzerland, entering France
each day for sessions and return
ing to neutrality each evening.
The talks are expected to be
lengthy, difficult and at times
discouraging. Extremists among
the Moslems and the French set
tiers in Algeria are certain to do
what they can to disrupt them.
But the formal beginning at
last has been made, and one Of
the worlds trouble spots may soon
be pacified in amity and concord.
Evening star., 1961-03-19

ians, a War for independence
has taken almost all OF Frances
military forces, much Of the ma
tional wealth. and a dismaying
number Of French young mems
lives.
To France, Algeria was a SYM
Dol. After the humiliations Of
World War II and the debacle in
French Indo-China, Frenchmen
were determined that the rich
North African province that they
considered an integral part Of la
Patrie should not be lost.
But Gen. Charles de Gaulle.
who returned to power and made
the French constitution as a di-
rect result Of the Algerian revolt,
appears to have been so far sue
cessful in bringing his country
men to a realization Of reality.
What no other French politician
dared to do he has done: He has
initiated direct parleys with the
Algerian rebels with the avowed
aim Of planning free and inde-
pendent Algeria.
Evening star., 1961-03-19
BY Benz PRICE
ociated Press Staff Writer

Since the end Of World War II,
the United States has spent the
fantastic sum Of $3.50 billion to
aid allies, friends and former foes.
OF the total, 1904 billion has
gone for economic aid. $25.4 bill
lion for military assistance.
This money has gone to build
dams, feed the hungry, purchase
plows and seed, rebuild factories,
construct roads, water deserts,
shore up bankrupt governments,
and arm allies.
But no we'll is inexhaustible.
There are indications that the
United States can no longer bear
the burden Of assistance to the
free nations of the world alone
and doesn't intend to.
In his state-of -the-Union ad-
dress, President Kennedy said. Il
intend to ask Congress for au-
thority to establish a new and
more effective program for assist
ing the economic, education and
social development of other ma
tions and continents. That pro-
gram must stimulate and take
more effectively into account the
contributions of our allies"
Mr.. Kennedy proposed in gen.
eral the creation Of central fund
agency to which each nation will
contribute in proportion to its
ability to pay"
Then the President added,
While we are prepared to as
sumo our full share Of these huge
burdens, we cannot and must not
be expected to bear them alone"
On Sharing the Burden
The winds of change were
sweeping across the world even
before Mr.. Kennedy assumed
office. Former President EiSen-
hover warned last october II
that the United States should not
be expeced to share the burden
OF aid indefinitely.
Every nation Of the free
world" said Mr.. Eisenhower,
must cooperate in a program Of
mutual aid If the communist tide
is to be Stemmed. Our re-
sources are not unlimited. It
becomes urgent that every ma
ton of the free world does all
it can to advance itself and bear
its own appropriate responsibility
to all the other (free world ma
tions. No nation is so rich or
strong that it can stand alone.
No nation is so poor that it can
not make vital contribution"
At the moment the United
States is losing money at the
rate Of $3.8 billion year; that
is, the United States is spending
that much more abroad than it
earns from foreign sources.
The net result has been a loss
Of gold used to support the value
of the dollar. If the gold drain
continues unchecked the loss
could undermine the United States
economy and its position in the
world.
Since most Of the loss is at
tributable to the United States
foreign aid program and mainte-
nance Of military commitments
overseas, some readjustment is
obviously in order.
Whatever the future holds the
fact remains that for the past
IA years the United States has
given Of its treasure to more than
10 nations for the single-minded
purpose Of keeping free men free.
Whether this huge sum, equal
Evening star., 1961-03-19

to tax load of about $421 for
every living citizen, has been
spent wisely is matter Of debate.
Critics Of the "give-away pro-
gram" as they call 1t have inter-
preted it as futile effort to buy
the friendship and allegiance of
men and nations.
To Retoin Freedoms
Through every congressional
debate on the wisdom Of foreign
aid since the beginning, however,
there has been one prevailing
thread, although at times the
thread has been obscured in a
moraSS of words about meeting
the Communist challenge. 1t is
this:
No man, no nation will willing
ly surrender that spiritual free
dom which distinguishes at least
some Of the nations Of the West
ern world from those dictator
dominated nations which practice
thought control.
The United States has recog-
nized that hungry nations are
sick nations. prone to heed Com
munist promises, however false,
of full dinner pals and an orderly
life.
The basic assumption on the
part Of the United Nations has
been that free, prosperous and
healthy nations are natural allies.
From this assumption has
stemmed the parallel belief that
the United States and these natu-
raj allies together can ultimately
fashion a world that is peaceful,
prosperous and free.
No nation ever set itself to such
a task before. Whatever the end
result 1t will have. to be recorded
that the United States at least
thought Of 1t as a moral obliga-
ton to mankind and tried to do
something about it.
Much has been made Of the fact
Evening star., 1961-03-19

Continued From Page C-1
issue affecting one or more Of
them.
In any case, although State
Department and diplomatic opin-
ion on the wisdom and the tactics
Of the move were divided. it was
clear that the Kennedy admins
tration was indeed charting its
own paths in United Nations af-
fairs, and that the precepts Of
former days were not always to
be binding on the present.
Evening star., 1961-03-19

fierce and threatening blasts Of
opposition from almost all the
Congolese factions.
The Indian contingent, Prime
Minister Nehru has said, have
been sent to the Congo to main
tain the challenged integrity Of
the U. N. and to guarantee a
peaceful solution Of the Congo's
dangerous confusion.
Evening star., 1961-03-19
In the Congo:
Marking Time

The COngo's central gov
ernment worked last week on
plans for liberalization Of the
provinces into the pattern
adopted by COngOlese leaders
at the Tananarive (MadagaS-
carl conference.
The Leopoldville government Of
the Congo Republic is now pre-
siding at its own funeral Premier
Joseph Ileo told reporters last
Wednesday. Its Parliament will
probably never meet again.
In the place Of the central gov
ernment, If present plans are sue
cessful, there will be a loose con-
Evening star., 1961-03-19
Free Algeria:
A Step Closer

The French cabinet Wednes-
day formally proposed official,
direct negotiations with the AL
gerian Provisional Government
on "self-determinatiOn" for AL
geria.
For six and a half years, the
French effort to quell the Algerian
rebellion-to the Moslem Alger-
Evening star., 1961-03-19
New AirHft

Almost 5000 Indian combat
troops, well-disciplined and with
full equipment, were airlifted into
Leopoldville to bolster the United
Nations forces trying to maintain
stability in the strife-torn Congo.
Their arrival in United States
planes was uneventful, despite
Evening star., 1961-03-19
BY GEORGE w. OAKES
Contributing Writer

Contributing Writer
The driving urge for higher
education has caused recently a
rapidly increasing number Of
African students-particularly
those from the many new inde-
pendent nationS-to seek places in
American universities.
AS a result, Government Off
cials and university educators are
developing new methods and ex-
ploring new ideas so that these
students will get the most value
from their educational experience
in this country.
Some 1900 African students
from countries south Of the Sahara
are now attending colleges and
universities in the United States.
Most are from English-speaking
lands although the number coming
from areas dominated by French
culture is rising. The great pre-
ponderance of all these students
come under private auspices.
although many others receive
financial aid from either their
own or our Government.
Though there are probably still
about four times as many African
students in Great Britain, the
swing is now in our direction.
Kenya with about $40 students
has the largest group, followed by
Nigeria with 480.
AS the growth in the number Of
African students has almost kept
pace with the ardent enthusiasm
Of many Americans in and out Of
government to bring more over
here. two interesting programs
now under way reveal different
approaches to the question Of how
the problem should be handled.
On Developing StobiIity
The major consideration in
bringing the Africans must be to
help them prepare themselves to
fill a useful and constructive role
in the development and stability
Of their own countries.
The East African airlift. now
in its second year, is an example
Of a "forced-draft" operation.
given great stimulus and publicity
by the energetic 30-year-old
Kenya student and labor leader
Tom Mboya, also a member Of
the legislative council. The first
group of 81 East Africans, whose
average age is %, is currently
taking undergraduate courses
mostly for four years in So large
and small colleges in this coun-
try. Though meagerly financed,
they have managed to get by in
part due to aid from the African
American Institute.
The powerful urge Of East AZ
rican students for an American
college education is summed up
by a popular description to which
they all aspire-a been to-" That
is, each student wants to have
it said that he has been to" the
United States. Not satisfied with
the method followed in large part
by the Kenya government Of pro-
viding college training for a small
elite, Mboya has whipped up the
popular desire for an American
education. Consequently, last fall
the second airlife brought 2S9
East African students to 145
American colleges.
To raise funds Mboya resorted
to such devices as going out to
the tribal reserves and arranging
for livestock - cattle, chickens,
goats and sheep-contributed by
the natives, to be sold at public
auction.
The pressure for information