davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-03-10
Pyromiding Taxes

-
I have read with interest
Mrs. william A. Schell's let
ter suggesting that local ju-
risdictions in Maryland be
given the authority to levy
and collect additional taxes
beyond those now permissible
under State law.
I would think that the
League Of Women Voters, Of
which Mrs. Schell is presi-
dent, would support a more
conservative fiscal policy.
The policy advocated by
Mrs. Schell can lead only
to fiscal disaster. Local juris-
dictions, If given the author
ity to tax. can eventually
confiscate q persons entire
income. For example, super
impose a local tax on income
on top Of State and Federal
taxes on the same income, and
there is very little left under
Q philosophy which ultimately
Subordinates the individual to
the State. If the State (in-
cluding local jurisdictions)
can tax without limit, then
it logically follows that the
State finally will take over
all income, and provide its
citizens with what they need
to exist, at the same time de-
manding that the citizens
conform to q rigid behavior
pattern which makes them
little more than puppets.
Those who think the State
needs more money, can
add any amount to their tax
contributions and make q
contribution to the State
treasury. Any such contribu-
tionS will be appreciated by
US who feel that our pres
ent taxes are high enough.
John A. Ge0rge.
Evening star., 1961-03-10

one be transported to an ap-
propriate site, stood up
against a simple tall white
marble pylon for protection
and to avoid a smokeStack
appearance and dedicated to
Signers Of the Declaration of
Independence, or to other
unSung heroes Of our early
times? A. C. w.
Now that we are facing a
serious shortage Of colleges,
it is to be hoped that The
Star will actively promote the
substitution Of q memorial
School Of Political Science for
the monstrosity proposed as
an F.D.R. memorial.
Amos L. Lewis.
Evening star., 1961-03-10
Against Debt

Listen to Thomas Jeffer-
son: II place economy among
the most important virtues,
and public debt as the great
est danger to be feared. To
preserve our independence,
we must not let our leaders
load US with perpetual debt.
We must take our choice be-
tween economy with liberty,
or profuSion with Servitude.
It iS incumbent on every
generation to pay its own
debt as 1t goes"
The wisdom, concern and
love Of Jefferson and all our
forefathers for their descend
ants remained constant until
about thirty years ago. Then
-bang-enter the Socialist
pied pipers. Millions in every
segment Of our society are
now in the habit Of electing
administrations, legislators
and governors who can best
pressure and beg for centra-
lized Washington handouts.
No one would argue against
necessary, economically op-
Grated bureaucracies to care
for the truly needy in Amer
lea. But what we have con-
tinually voted for are mas
ters who are bankrupting all
Of us with fiat. printing
press moneys to be paid out
to tens of millions Of US who
are not needy.
Every dollar taken from
our national, state or local
governments by the millions
Of people who are not needy,
is adding to the debt, sacri-
fices and possible total servi-
tude Of our children, grand
children and great-grand-
children. And we brag about
our love for them. We love
them so much that we have
already-in twenty-six years
built UP q three-quarterS
Of a trillion dollar debt for
them to pay off.
Edward r. Sneed.
st. Louis, Missouri
Evening star., 1961-03-10
New Look at Berlin?

In his answers to questions con-
!cerning the Kennedy administrators
estimate OF the Berlin problem, Secre-
tary Of State Dean RuSk displayed that
talent for ambiguity which is hallmark
OF successful diplomacy. Nevertheless, it
seems evident that a hard new look is
being taken at the Berlin question
perhaps the most difficult and poten-
tally hazardous sticking point in Soviet
American relations.
The matter came up at Mr.. Rusk's
press conference after a comment in
Berlin by w. Averell Hartman to the
eject that the Kennedy administration
does not feel bound by any discussions
OF the Berlin matter conducted by the
Eisenhower administration. Just what,
the reporters asked, did this mean?
Mr.. Rusk began by saying that there
pas been no change in our support of
freedom for the West BerlinerS and
maintenance Of the Vests position
there. These points, he said, will not be
yielded in ANY compromise or in any
surrender" At the same time, he said,
the new administration has no inten-
ton Of picking up "all of the words and
rhetoric and the possible sources of
misunderstanding" of the past. 1--WE
start from where we are and go on
from there"
AS other questions followed, Mr..
Rusk refused to say whether our II ,O0O-
man garrison in West Berlin might be
reduced, and when asked whether
American forces would stay there for
ever, he turned the question aside by
saying that forever" is very long time.
One should not attempt to read
undue significance into all of this Still,
it suggests to US that the Kennedy
administration plans a new effort on
Berlin, and we hope this is correct. For
the Vests position there is dangerously
exposed And we do not see how there
can be settlement of the Berlin prob
lem, or the question of Germany as a
whole, by merely standing pat on old
policies which have produced seemingly
hopeless deadlock. AS long as the essen
tial principles are not surrendered, there
is nothing to fear and there may be
something to gain from a search for
new approaches.
Evening star., 1961-03-10
Chides Lawrence

It appears David Lawrence
has not yet recovered from
the shock Of last November'S
election. In fact. one wonders
who Is suffering more-Mr.
Lawrence or Mr.. Nixon.
The latest Saddle-Sore Of
the New Frontier that Is ir-
ritating Mr.. Lawrence Is the
creation Of 73 judgeShips.
There exists q Sneaking suS-
picion that Of the total
appointeeS o substantial
number will be Democrats.
Mr.. Lawrence deploreS this.
Although conceding that
under former President Ell
Senhower there were, out Of
1876 judges, ITS Republicans
and IL Democrats, he ex-
plains that this was to ire
store the balance" Of power,
after the Roosevelt Truman
era. Well. Of coursel Perhaps,
then, President Kennedy Is
attempting to do the same.
Why does Mr.. Lawrence con-
done the ratio Of the two
parties under Eisenhower
and condemn the very same
action being rumored that
Kennedy will take?
Granted it doesn't take
much to turn Lawrence into
his typical mood Of blasting
anything and everything the
Democrats do or say, and
fondly recalling the good old
days Of lackadaisical leader
ship Of Father Ike and his
bunch Of Sweet-talkinR
cronieS.
Roger w. Braner.
Evening star., 1961-03-10
McGWs Opinions

Ralph McGill asserts that
there Is terrible disaster
that the American schools are
failing, the cities are rotting
without any proof of the
truth Of this basis to his argu-
ment. Then he mentions the
control Of the Federal Gov
ernment as the only solution,
without defining what that
control includes. Then he
gives an incongruouS reason
for this solution-that the
United States is bigger and
more urbanized than it was in
1914. Then he states that all
who do not agree with his
simple. underlined solution are
blind fools who have no other
alternative and who want to
do nothing.
II this man has q reputa-
tion as a good journalist it
must be among those who ad-
mire his sentiments so much
that they do not examine his
arguments. He must know
that the rule Of a central au-
thority is familiar enough in
history to have acquired good
arguments for its revival.
And he must know that the
fear of q central authority
has been justified often
enough to be worthy of an
honest presentation of the
reasons for that fear.
I can explain his careless
articles only by believing that
Mr.. McGill is now too lazy to
organize the opinions that
float around his mind and
bolster up the convictions
that he cannot now bear to
test by experience or reason.
NJ. II, Raitt.
Evening star., 1961-03-10
Memorials for All

1t seems odd indeed, that
there must be so much delay
and controversy over the me-
MORALS for the two Roose-
veltS and to q lesser degree
for Wilson, Madison and
some others when we have all
this time staring US in the
face an ideal pattern and no
less than four perfect sites
for such memorials. The
pattern I refer to is that Of
the Grant Memorial just west
Of the Capitol, the four sites,
the two grass plots Just off
the Mall thanking this me-
mortal. the other two the
areas flanking the Lincoln
Memorial and facing the Re-
flecting Pool and presently
cluttered with the notorious
"tempos."
FDR himself wanted the
little triangle near the Apex
Building. The larger one Just
east Of that with a Grant type
structure would seem ideal.
The central figure a statue
Of the great man with the
Four Freedoms paneled into
the base (Rockwell's version,
perhaps), one wing depicting
one Of Roosevelt's statecraft
triumphs. the other a yacht
ing scent. This later to be
faced by a memorial to some
other famous person from the
south side of the Mall, the
two a perfect balance to the
existing Grant memorial.
And for Teddy" a similar
memorial flanking the Lin
coin Memorial and facing the
Rejecting Pool, the central
statue Of him having on the
four sides Of the base, the
Panama Canal triumph, the
Raisuli affair, his cattle
ranch days and a hunting
scene, one wing to be the
Rough Riders in battle, the
other his South American ex-
plorations. Honestly now,
doesn't this sound better than
the dumped-out pile Of bro
ken pavement and the giant
twin ball-holder previously
suggested for the two RS?
And what about those
crated-up pillars from the
Capitol? Why shouldn't each
Evening star., 1961-03-10
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
New Findings in Sky's Outer Reaches
BY THOMAS R. HENRY

Finding Of the most distant.
object known to man has
just been announced by
the Carnegie Institution of
Washington.
It Is q cluster of an un-
known number of star gal
axies. each possibly compa-
rable to the two-billion-star
Milky Way galaxy Of which
the solar system is an in
finitesimally minute part.
Two Of the great star ag-
gregationS in this cluster ap-
pear to be colliding with each
other, it is indicated in light
Spectra of the object.
The discovery was made in
two surveys Of the distant
heavens carried out under
Carnegie Institution auspices,
one at the Mt. Wilson, Cali
fornia, Observatory and one
at the University of Cam
bridge, England. The entire
great star aggregation is
moving through extreme
outer space at a speed of
about 10000 miles a sec
ond.
The actual distance can be
computed only comparatively.
It is certainly, according to
the Carnegie report, millions
Of light years distant from
the Milky Way galaxy, a
light year being the distance
traversed by light in a year
moving at a speed of about
100000 miles a second. It
seems about eight times as
distant as the farthest gal
axy hitherto known, a cluster
in the constellation of Cyg-
nus, the Swan, in the north
ern heavens, which also con-
tains q pair of colliding gall
axies.
The stars Of a galaxy are
so far apart, however, that
it is quite unlikely any in
telligent inhabitants on a
planet Of the far-off cluster
would be aware, except per-
haps for q few astronomers,
Of the titanic collision. Life
on the planet itself would
go on about as usual.
Finding and study Of the
far-off object was the last
act Of DR.. Rudolph Minkow-
Evening star., 1961-03-10

ski, world famous astronomer
Of the Carnegie staff, before
his recent retirement.
The new cluster Of gal
axieS, according to the re-
port, appears to be OF about
the same size and luminosity
Of the hitherto studied
CygnuS galaxy.
The direction of its enor-
mously rapid movement ap-
pears to be outwards-that
is away from the position Of
the Milky Way galaxy, thus
helping to confirm the
theory of an expanding
universe which may have
started, many many billions
Of years ago from one ex-
tremely dense mass of stellar
material.
y y
The magnitude of Gre
alton is getting more and
more incomprehensible.
A catalogue of the sizes,
distances and positions Of
10000 known clusters Of
galaxies now is being pre-
pared by the Carnegie In
Stitution Of Washington. A
cluster may contain as many
as 1000 systems of stars,
each as big as the estimated
1000, 900, ,000-star Milky Way
galaxy Of which the solar sys-
tenn is a part. Separate data
also are being prepared on
10000 separate galaxies.
Admittedly, according to
Carnegie astronomers, this is
little more than a begin
ning-only the clusters OBJ
servable from the earth. The
farthest known seem to be
increasingly larger and rich
er in stars. The Milky Way
system itself is only one
member of a gigantic clus-
terS.
The Carnegie report is
based on systematic observa-
tions of the heavens during
the few years that galactic
clusters have been known to
exist, according to the report
OF DR.. Franz Zwicky Of the
Carnegie staff. Perhaps the
existence of large clusters Is
hidden by vast dust clouds in
space through which neither
radio nor light wave can
penetrate. I
Evening star., 1961-03-10
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDriterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
ters are subject to condenSd-
tion. Those not used tUill be
returned only tDhen accom-
panied By self . addressed.
stamped enpelopes.
Evening star., 1961-03-10
WATCHING THE WORLD
By CROSBY S. MOVES
Pointers on Peoce-CorpsmonsEip
Foreign Correspondent Of The Sta

I'VE no longer apologize
for the youthfulness Of our
volunteers" he said. 1--WE
have been convinced that this
youthfulnesS is in fact our
trump card. Nineteen-year-
olds can speak to each other
across barriers of race and
color. They can say things to
each other that 30-year-olds
no longer can. The danger Of
friction, we have found, is not
between our volunteers and
local young people. There's a
much greater danger Of fric-
ton between a young, eager
and self-Sacrificial youngSter
and an older man Of his own
race who may find himself in
charge Of q project.
An Important Rule
80 far as we are con-
cerned here, we think it is of
utmost Importance to let local
governments run the projects.
We in London are middle
men. We like to think we are
inspired middlemen, but at
least we don't try to direct
things ourselves. If we send
a lad out to q school in
Sarawak and the school fails
for some reason or other, no
one, believe me, is going to
blame Alec Dickson.
Wherever they may be,
our volunteers are complete
ly under the discipline Of
the local authorities-School
boards or public works de-
partmentS or what-have-
you. Once we say goodbye
to the youngsters we pretty
well wash our hands of them
until they return"
This is easier to do, Mr..
Dickson pointed out, if the
volunteers are sent out in
dividually rather than in
groups. The name Peace
Corps" suggests large num-
bers working together. But
there were many advantages
to keeping the missions as
small as possible.
by sending them individ-
ually or at most in pairs.
the chances are better that
they will be given really i'm
portant work to do" he con-
tinued. "A group is more
likely to be set to some rather
menial task simply for want
Of possibilities.
Take q place like the
Solomon Islands, for in
stance. There are simply no
projects out there that can
absorb 20 young people
working together as q team.
For that matter, there prob
ably isn't in Britain, either.
Furthermore, If the 20 work
together it isn't q local prof.
ect any more but an Ameri-
can project. If it fails, you'll
get the blame and you'll
have inspectors running
back and forth from WASH
ington to see what's the mat
ter. We avoid these Situa-
tionS like the plague.
Another point: Individu-
ais are compelled to find
friendships with local peo-
pie. II they are in q group,
the odds are that they will
find their friendships with
one another.
Finally. don't expect too
much. We don't believe in
telling people that we are
reshaping the world or that
we're going to defeat
Khrushchev or any such nom
sense. We believe that we
are doing something useful
for our own young people
and for the emerging young
intelligentsia in the countries
to which they go. But our
program stands by itself,
and we make no Specious
claims on a global scale"
Evening star., 1961-03-10

Some useful pointers in the
art of peace-corpSmanShip
have come our way recently
from q man who should know
what he's talking about.
They may be Of interest to
Sargent Shriver and his crew
in working out plans for
President Kennedy'S new
project.
Our adviser was a lively
and articulate man named
Alec Dickson who for the last
three years has run an out
fit called Voluntary Service
Overseas. The project, on a
smaller scale, is remarkably
similar to the Peace Corps
idea. This year it has 90
youthful volunteers scattered
throughout the British Com
monwealth from the Solo
mons in the Pacific to British
Guiana and Falkland Islands.
To launch a project like
the Peace Corps, Mr.. Dick
son said, the three essential
ingredients are selected VOL
unteerS, money to get them
overseas and projects to
which they can be sent.
"Of these, quite certainly,
projects must come first.
Nothing will lead more quick
ly to disaster. decentralization
and recrimination than to
collect your volunteers and
money and then have no
place to send them. If they
are made into eager beavers
and then have to wait for
months before getting print
ed notice that their services
really aren't needed after all
the cause will be endanger-
ed from the beginning.
I'm choosing projects you
must also make absolutely
certain that your people are
really wanted. The young
ster who gets where he's 60
ing and finds that no one
knows what he's supposed to
do Is In trouble. We beg
these countries to overwork
our volunteers. We have
found there is no danger at
all Of exploitation but quite
q real one Of underemploy-
ment."
There would be times, Mr..
Dickson warned, when con-
flictS might come up between
the Peace Corps agency and
recipient countries about the
kind Of help needed. There
would be no sense sending
young volunteers to a country
that wanted real experts and
was ready to pay for them.
Or in sending 20 Peace Corps
men to a Job that two bull
dozerS could do better.
Keep Aims Clear
"You should be very clear
in your own minds" he said,
what exactly is your aim
and which order Of priority
you give them. One aim is
probably to give young Amer
leans Q chance to fulfill a
desire to be Of service to
others. Another certainly is
to give Q practical demon
Stration to the people Of the
lno1VlduaI countries that the
young people Of America
want to help them. The third
might be to give straight
forward assistance where this
Is technically and economi-
cally justifiable and urgent.
No doubt the value Of this
experience to young Amer
leans will be immense. But
this may not necessarily al
ways be the main aim"
Mr.. Dickson pointed out
that his own volunteers are
somewhat younger than those
Of the Peace Corps will be.
Most Of them serve for q year
after leaving school and be-
fore going on to the univer-
sity or into the service.
Evening star., 1961-11-28

pean contribution to our COM
mon defense.
Isn't it now an evident fact
that in the future, Europe must
provide cover for America, just
as America must provide cover
for Europe?"
Mr.. Strauss suggested that
NATO. as a group, be provided
with nuclear weapons, but he
pointed out the problems OF
giving each sovereign" coun-
try a veto over their use.
His alternative: NATO SOW
ereignty.
Methods consisting in mere
consultation and coordination
are no longer sufficient to solve
the problems of the era of nu-
clear energy and space travel,
in a divided world threatened
by Communists" he said.
I'VE cannot do anything else
than voluntarily give up some
of our rights of sovereignty and
thereby provide to our Alliance
a superiority which not only
neutralizes, but surpasses the
technical advantages of the
Communist block whose power
is of necessity based on CEN
traliSm."
Extraordinary problems call
for extraordinary solutions" he
concluded.
Evening star., 1961-11-28

agencies in NATO." These po
litical agencies-"controlled by
parliamentary auth orities"
would handle:
Problems of NATO strate-
gy, control over nuclear weap-
ons, control over their employ
ment. problems of armaments
control and disarmament, poll
cy guidance in development
aid, certain functions in eco
nomic policy -. the advance
ment of our scientific and
engineering capabilities =. and
last but not leaSt-our COM
mon intellectual and psyche
logic defense against commu-
nism.
A modern nation cannot eX-
erciSe its traditional national
sovereignty to the fullest and
remain free in the age of nu-
clear ICBMs, Mr.. Strauss said.
Independence can only be
protected by a policy of align
ment."
Europe" he said, can only
remain free if she stands by
America. O..
In view of the strategic
situation created by the techni-
cal revolution, it is no longer
only Europe which depends on
America: The North American
member nations themselves are
now dependent on the Euro
Evening star., 1961-11-28

may purchase The NATIONAL
OBSERVER at newsstands and
by carrier delivery-only 2Sc
per week. Or, you may enter an
annual subscription for mail
delivery, assuring you Of keep
ing more completely and quickly
informed with the latest news
than is possible through the
newsweekly type of magazine.
Mail subscriptions are $40 per
year-a big So saving over the
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ditional $l-if your subscrip-
ton is entered now, before pub
lication begins. Just clip this
ad, and attach your name,
address and check or money
order for SO and mail to:
THE NATIONAL OBSERVER,
Go Dow Jones & Company,
Inc, l0l5 l4th St., NV,
Washington S, D. c.
Evening star., 1961-11-28

Also fine with creamed fish. ham, or
chicken dishes, with casSeroles and all
sorts of delicatessen.
How long does it take to chill white
wine?" asked Madame x. His mother
Evening star., 1961-11-28
Radio Satellite
Bill Proposed
By the Associated Press

Senator Kerr, Democrat OF
Oklahoma, says he will intro
duce legislation to authorize
private ownership of the United
States portion of the proposed
world wide communications
satellite system.
Senator Kerr, chairman of
the Senate Space Committee,
said his group will start hear
ings on the measure soon after
Congress reconvenes Janu-
airy 10.
1t would give the Federal
Communications Commission
authority to determine which
communications companie S
would share in the ownership
Evening star., 1961-11-28

of the United States portion Of
the system.
The FEC, which would as
sign frequencies, has under
consideration now a plan to
let a ronprofiJ firm develop
and operate the system for in
ternational telephone calls and
eventually for international
television. This has involved a
hot dispute within the COM
munications industry and the
Government over whether such
a system should be a private
enterprise or a public under
taking.
The House Science and AS
tronautics Committee con-
Quoted a nine-month study
earlier this year into the ques-
tion. 1t concluded that the
question Of public or private
ownership should be answered
after a host of other issues
have been resolved. But it
urged that this Nation be first
with such a system.
Senator Kerr, in a statement
Evening star., 1961-11-28
Army to SheIve Troys
For 'HomeIike' Dishes

pitch and toss in heavy seas
eat off trays.
A Marine officer said that in
small mesSes, crockery often is
used while in the big general
meSses that serve thousands of
men. it has been found more
practical to use trays.
One Air Force official, noting
the Army's hopes of providing
a more homelike atmosphere,
said:
Maybe we should go them
one better and have gray
haired ladies serve Mons apple
pie"
Evening star., 1961-11-28
Choral Pageant Set

The combined choirs of Turn
Ier Memorial A.M.E. Church,
Sixth and I streets NV. will
present a pageant, The Great
White Throne" at 7:45 pm.
Thursday at the church for the
benefit Of Kittrell College, an
Africa a n Methodist Episcopal
school in Vance County, N. c.
Evening star., 1961-11-28
Club InstuIIs Tonight

The Sunnybrook Homemak-
ers Club will install officers to-
night at 8 O'Clock at the home
Of Mrs. Eileen Hopkins. AHA
Fifty-Sixth avenue, Bladens-
burg, Md. Mrs. Anna Horn,
chairman of food and nutri-
ton, will speak.