davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-08-29
NotionoIistic Groups
Resist Loss of Identity

LONDON, Aug. 29 AP)-A
bloke could be skulled fol
painting Elizabeth II on g
mailbox in Scotland.
He'd better be choosy where
he cries "Vive la France" in
Brittany. And it might be safer
to face the bulls than a Basuue
who has been called a
Spaniard.
These are just some of the
vestiges of ancient nationalism
that show, if any proof was
needed, that Europe is not one
big happy family.
Most of the dreams of nearly
forgotten nationalistic groups
scattered throughout Europe
are touched with whimSy,
poetic anger, a chance to blow
off steam. Usually the nation
alistic group feels the nation
is not recognizing its parental
traditions and language and it
cries in its native tongue (gen-
orally dead or dying for JUS
tice.
BlOOdshed in TyrOl
Such cries have been fading
since World War II-except in
the Italian Tyrol where bomb
ings and bloodshed have
sprung from nationalistic
fervor.
In that area, known as the
Alto Adige, the German-speak-
ing residents are a tough breed
of daredevil climbers, expert
hunters and skilled peasants
who never fully mixed with
the Italian population. They
keep their picturesque cos
tunes, their music and their
love of uniforms.
Recently they have been
mixed up with bomb throw
ing and other violence. Finally
Austria called on the United
Nations to debate the question
of the area ceded to Italy after
World War 1 from what had
been Austrian territory.
The south Tyroleans are
openly proud of their German
blood. They dress in the dark
brown leather shorts called
lederhosen, puff on German
style pipes.
Their firemen's brigades
look like a parade of multi
decorated generals. But the
TyroleanS also have organized
a paramilitary corps called the
Scfuetzen whose members are
drilled in military exercises.
Spain has two nationaliStic
movements, Basque and Cata-
Ian.
Harsher on Basques
Repression by the central
government has been harsher
on the two million Basques
than on the Catalans. To be-
gin with, the Basques in north
ern Spain are a completely
different people than the
Spaniards, Their origins are
lost in time and their Ian
guage, if anything, is related
to that of the Finnish-Hun-
garian elements in Europe. |
Evening star., 1961-08-29
BY the Associated Press


The refugee is the man who
flees his homeland - some
times beckoned by hope but
more often driven by fear -
and can't go back again.
Since World War II more
than 40 million persons have
become refugees.
And the human tide rolls on,
The Communist barricades
around Berlin the Iron
Curtains encompassing the
Soviet Union and her East
European satellites the
tabled wall of Red China.
These barriers have checked
the outward flow of those
seeking freedom under democ-
racy; yet they have failed to
crush completely the will of
hundreds a day to risk death
to try escape.
Religious and racial squab-
bles have sWelled the ranks of
refugees since the war. But
generally the plight of the un-
fortunate crosses creed and
color bars.
Find Sanctuary
Most of the refugees have
found sanctuary. But millions
are still living under pitiful
conditions, keeping alive as
much on hope as from
charity.
The dramatic flight of more
than three million East Ger
mans is unique in that they
Joined fellow countrymen in
their own country and with
the almost certainty of find
ing job in a prosperous
West Germany.
For millions of others up
rooted from their homes the
outlook and prospects have
been - and still are - filled
with uncertainty in a strange
land.
Some are still pawnS of war
like the million Arab refu-
gees who are wards of the
United Nations Relief Agency.
For a decade they have hud-
died in camps in the Arab
lands encircling Israel as vir-
tual hostages. The Jews and
Arabs are still technically at
war, leaving resettlement of
the Palestine refugees in the
air.
The biggest and bloodieSt
migration since the war cams
ironically with the granting
of freedom when British India
was partitioned in 1947.
Millions Move
About nine million Hindus
moved from Pakistan to India
and more than eight million
Moslems shifted from Inoil to
Pakistan amid violence that
took several hundred thou
sand lives.
Communism has been the
trigger for the mass flights
of refugees in recent years in
other areas as we'll as Ger
many.
More than Is million Chi
neSe have poured into Hong
Kong since the Communist
Evening star., 1961-08-29
Bombed AIgiers Tries
ToForqet Tomorrow

morrow. Today life has to take
its normal course.
Cranes are in action on gov
lernment-financed construction
projects and new ships dock in
the harbor. A dog race takes
place in the Maison Caree
suburb and the FL Biar Bowl
ing Club has a social dinner.
The radio says so rebels
were put out of action some
where in the south and a Mos
lem who some time ago de-
serted the rebels was killed by
an assasSin's bullet.
Tension Begins at Dusk
But the Bab-el-Oued suburb
housewife still complains to
the sullen, turbaned Moslem
vendor, about the size of the
melons. Policemen wearing
tropical cork helmets care
Evening star., 1961-08-29

ALGIERS, Aug. 29 (AP).-
Counting one days plastic
bomb explosions, Algiers tries
not to think of tomorrow.
For many Europeans and
Moslems there may be no to-
Evening star., 1961-11-12

inch loaf pan. Wash cram
berries. removing stems; chop
coarsely. Sift flour with
sugar, baking powder and salt
in large bowl. Stir in cram
berries and walnuts. In small
bowl. beat eggs with milk,
butter and vanilla with ro-
tary beater. Make well in
center Of cranberry mixture.
Pour in egg mixture; with
fork, stir just until dry in
gradients are moistened.
Turn into pan: bake SIS
minutes or until golden brown
on top and cake tester in
serted in center comes out
clean. Cool on wire rack one
hour and remove from pan.
Serve thinly sliced.
Evening star., 1961-11-12
READERS CLEARING HOUSE.

ask yourself why Santa Claus
is there at all. The answer to
this question is so that the
stores can make money.
Stores do not pay wages Just
to make people happy. They
are only doing what they are
in business for, and it is un-
fair to harass them.
You suggested in your let
ter that people write to de-
partment store personnel di-
rectors to try to get the situ-
Evening star., 1961-11-12

world each winter and leaves
gifts for children. adults and
even animals.
We teach children to sing
"Oh, come let us adore Him. 7"
But the point is, adore
whom? Santa CLAUSE Or pres
ents he brings?
The children are not to
blame for. the materialistic
attitude prevalent about
Christmas. Nor are the stores.
The parents are.
Evening star., 1961-11-12
Here's How

Reoders' Clearing House Is epH-
Quoted ENTIRELY THROUGH The
NAIL as q public service exchonee
OF ideos between oreo readers. The
Stor eonnot oeeept phone coils per-
toinins to this column. Al letters
must beoF the writer's full nome end
address. No advertising is printed.
Evening star., 1961-11-12
Never Too Young
ToJ. C.
Miss A. r.. SilDer Spring

Miss A. r., SilDer Spring
I saw your letter a while
ago asking about ideas for
odd jobs you can do to earn
money. I am 13, too, and
would like to have some extra
pocket money. I have found
an excellent book in the
school library called Never
Too Young to Earn" by
Evening star., 1961-11-12

alton remedied. I have an
even better suggestion. Let
parents discontinue the prac-
tice Of lying to their children
and thereby teach them to
lie. Stop denying the original
meaning of Christmas, and
give children the understand
ing Of the Christmas story.
The real Christmas story is
much easier to believe than
the weird lie of a jolly fat
man who daShes around the
Evening star., 1961-11-12

Adrian Paradis. It was pub
lished by the David Mckay
Co. of New York. This book
has many suggestions for jobs
that can be done by girls
from 13 to 10 especially.
Evening star., 1961-11-12
Cranberry Breed
10 Miss M. C. O.. SpTinofie

To Miss NJ. c. c., Springfield
Mrs. J. v. G.. Springfield
This is the recipe for Gran
berry Nut Bread which you
recently requested. Use / cup
fresh cranberries, 2 cups
sifted all-purpose flour. q
cup sugar, 8 teaspoons baking
powder, u teaspoon salt, y
cup walnuts, chopped; 2 eggs
l cup milk, " cup melted
butter or margarine. tea
spoon vanilla extract.
Preheat oven to $50 de-
grees. Grease a nine by five
Evening star., 1961-11-12
A Bit Inconoruous

To Mrs. L. I. H., oron. Hin
Mrs. W. E. r.. Kensington
Your complaint about the
brush off children get by de-
partment store Santa Clauses
seems a bit incongruous to
me, as a believer in the sac
redness of religious holidays.
First, think about what
Christmas is. Then ask your
self why we celebrate it. Then
Evening star., 1961-11-12

hinges on the bottom of one
of my good suitcases was
broken. Does anyone know of
a place in the city where I can
have it fixed? Thank you.
Evening star., 1961-11-12

Under other circum.
stances she would have
been delighted to meet
you. :"
Evening star., 1961-06-28
Hall Of Fame
Drive Head

NEW YORK, June 20 (AP)
10. Roy Chalk. president of
the D. c. Transit Co., yester-
day was named national chair
man Of a drive to raise IS mil
lion to finance a Civil War hall
iof fame at Manassas, Va.
Mr.. Chalk's appointment sig
nailed the start of the fund
raising for the hall of fame to
honor Civil War soldiers of both
the North and South.
The memorial museum will
be erected at the site of the
first Battle of Bull Run, about
Is miles southwest of WASH
ington.
Mr.. Chalk's appointment was
made by Mai. Gen. James w.
Fry (USA, ret0, executive di-
rector of the Manassas Corp,
a non-profit group indorsed by
the Civil War Centennial Com
mission to sponsor the fund
drive.
Mr.. Chalk promised that the
hall of fame will not be just
another museum, stuffed with
yelloWing documents and COM
monplace relics"
| a.. It will rank with Amer
ica's most stately structures
and it will exemplify its proud
meaning-the realization of the
long American dream Of unity" +"
he added.
Evening star., 1961-06-28
WHAT? PAINT MAILBOX PINK?
OH, NO! RULES PING DAY
BY the Associated Press

Postmaster General Day has ruled that United
States mailbox must not be painted pink for arts
sake
Mr. Day recently received plea from Miami (Fla)
store which sells fashions The store putting
special display calling for apink color scheme,
inside and outside the establishment.
The store decorator decided that the red-white-
andbue maibox the sidewalk clashed horribly with
the pink, and asked repaint job.
In talk yesterday to the National Postal Union Mr..
Day explained oculary that the request turned down
because:
"The John Birch Society would never let us get away
with it,"
More seriously postal officials said that they made
one exception they might be deuged with requests to
paint mailboxes all colors of the spectrum.
Evening star., 1961-06-28

Meany told newsmen he be-
lieves an Injunction is inevi-
table.
Other unions involved in
the strike are the National
Maritime Union and the Amer
lean Radio Association.
In all, $1,000 seamen are out
on strike, affecting over 200
American vessels in 80 port
cities.
Meanwhile today, the United
States Lines superliner Amer
lea docked here, the third
major United States ship to be-
come involved in the tieup.
The vessel arrived with 952
passengers from European
ports. Previous major ships
becoming strikebound upon ar
rival were the United States
and the Constitution.
Evening star., 1961-06-28
REEVES

Continued From First Page
February had bought a new
home at 776O Sixteenth street
NV. He plans to move his
family into the Sixteenth street
home and already has agreed
to sell his New Hampshire ave-
nue. home.
In a formal statement filed
yesterday. he gave the value Of
the Sixteenth street house as
SAT 500 and Of the New Hamp-
shire avenue house as $16,500,
Question: Have you made
any personal decision about re-
naming as Democratic nation
al committeeman? Was the
matter discussed?
II have not made q final
decision" Mr.. Reeves said.
"And we did not talk about
that at all, this morning."
Detailed Probe Promised
Faced with an almost par
allel line Of inquiry a few
minutes later, Mr.. Smith an
Swered carefully and apparently
with considered thought. To
each query about the tax status
of Mr.. Reeves, the rumored
Kronheim loan and the house
purchase, Mr.. Smith replied,
in staccato form, II cannot 60
beyond my general statement. "
He said Committee Chairman
Bible. Democrat Of Nevada, was
the only man who had the
authority to speak for the full
committee about the tax mat
ters. Earlier this morning.
Senator Bible promised report
ers that a detailed examination
of the Reeves tax record would
be made.
Senator Miller, Republican
of Iowa, accompanied by an
aide, came to committee rooms
to examine hearing records
after this mornings confer
ence broke up.
1T would be premature for
me to say anything at this
time" Senator Miller told
newsrnen. A tax lawyer him
self. Senator Miller, at yester-
days hearings, told Mr.. Reeves
he was concerned not with late
payments but by the fact that
tax liens, often a last resort
of tax collectors, were filed
against the nominee.
: Mr.. Reeves again today re-
peated assurances first given
at hearings that he had no
objection to the committee
iperuSal Of all of his tax-paying
background.
Pressure for a quick decision
is mounting because Mr.. Reeves
was chosen to succeed Robert
E. Mclaughlin, whose term ex-
pires Friday.
With a Fourth Of July recess
In prospect next week, a SEN
ate vote on confirmation would
need to be scheduled soon to
put the nominee in office as
planned.
Evening star., 1961-06-28
SARN0FF

Continued From First Page
'The system itself should be
designed to provide this capa-
bility."
Today, he added, the world is
on the threshold of practical
space communication over tre-
mendons distances. The radio
TV satellite systems now under
study represent only a part of
the dawning communications
technology, he said.
He renewed a suggestion that
the United Nations be given
access to the first satellite TV
channel $50 that It might pro-
ject to the whole world q live
picture of crucial deliberations
in the United Nations Security
Council and General Assem-
bly,"
These pictures could be
beamed to all parts Of the
world. including those behind
the Iron Curtain, he said.
Gen. Sarnoff said his COM
pany's own satellite proposal Is
for 'Synchronous-or station
ary-satellites positioned at two
or three locations about $4,000
miles above the equator" This
system Is feasible by present
electronic standards. he said.
Regarding the proposed
moon camp. Gen. Sarnoff said:
"a combination Of q Saturn
rocket and ground control de-
vices should make it possible
to put on the moons surface q
rowing vehicle and to conduct
a survey for the most appropri-
ate area for q manned land
ing.
"Then, through a series Of
subsequent Saturn shots, the
camp could be established by
sending up the necessary equip
ment and supplies. including a
moon-crawling tractor for as
Sembly purposes.
This entire operation could
be checked out by instrumental
ton controlled from the ground
before We commit men to lunar
flight"
Evening star., 1961-06-28
KENNEDY'S CHAIR
NOT ONLY ROCKS,
1T ALSO ROLLS
b. the Associated Press

President Kenne dy's
rocking chair is moving,
and NOT Just back and
forth.
It has made the trips
with Mr.. Kennedy to Glen
Ora, the Presidents coun-
try estate near Middleburg,
Va, the last two week ends.
It was shipped by truck.
And it has been shutting
almost daily between Mr..
Kennedy's White House Of
flee and his living quarters.
White House sources said
yesterday.
Mr.. Kennedy has used
the rocker for several years.
And since his recent back
trouble, it has been where
Mr.. Kennedy has been most
Of the time. He did NOT,
however, take it with him
on his last visit to Palm
Beach, Fla.
His physician, DR.. Janet
Travel, is q rocking chair
advocate and Mr.. Kennedy
often rocks to and fro while
seeing visitors.
Evening star., 1961-06-28
KHRUSH:CHEY
! Continued From First Pag

Continued From First Page
not interfered in the internal
affairs Of Laos.
He said the Soviet govern
ment fully supports the gov
ernment of North Wet Nam in
its policy aimed at "the fastest
solution Of the unification OF
Wet Nam"
Ready to Talk on Berlin
But Mr.. Khrushchev offered
to negotiate the German and
the Berlin questions.
I'VE are ready to negotiate
honestly" he said. warning that
If the other side hopes to bog
down the negotiations then
they are misleading them
selves"
He said the Soviet Union hai
every right to sign a separate
peace treaty with East Ger
many because the United States
had signed a separate peace
treaty with Japan.
The Premier noted that unit
ing two countries with the
same social system is not "a
simple matter" and in the
case Of the two Germanies
with their differing systems, II
would be even more difficult
I'm any case" he added
unification (of Germany car
come about only as q result
Of the negotiations"
Adenauer Assailed
He assailed West German
Chancellor Konrad Adenauel
for rejecting East Germany's
offer to negotiate on a national
level. The Premier recalled
that Mr.. Adenauer has said
unification should be brought
Evening star., 1961-06-28

about by the powers that won
World War II.
The Premier has announced
the Soviet Union will sign q
peace treaty with Germany by
the end Of the year no matter
what the West does. He has
asked West Germany to nego-
tiate with East Germany
warning that if they do not
agree he would sign a treaty
with East Germany anyway
The West Germans already
have refused to negotiate with
the East German regime.
Speaking Of Berlin, he de-
clared: I'VE are not threaten
ing anyone.
He reiterated that the peo-
pie Of West Berlin would be
allowed to choose any social
order they want and the major
powers could guarantee this.
There will be no blockade
Of West Berlin" he asserted.
All the West has to do II
the Soviet Union signs a sep
arate peace treaty with East
Germany Is to come to an
agreement with East Germany
on acces to Berlin, he said
This would put the West in q
dilemma since it refuses to rec.
ognize Communist East Ger.
many.
He denounced the Western
powers for talking about using
force and said that the asser.
ton Of such a right is "tht
right Of a pirate"
THE only way to defend
oneself against a pirate" h,
added, "is with q stick"
4
Evening star., 1961-06-28
REEVES
Tax Problems Put
Under Close Study

Mr.. Mclaughlin said, how
ever, he would continue as
Commissioner until his success
sor qualities"
Mrs. Katherine st. George,
Republican of New York, said
in a statement in the Con-
gresSional Record today that
Mr.. Reeves tax record should
absolutely disqualify this man
for this public position Of such
great responsibility"
Insult TO Taxpayers Seen
She said If Mr.. Reeves were
running for an elective office
his opponent would "blaSt him
out Of the running because the
people will not countenance
such an attitude"
She said the nominees ex-
plantations Of his late tax pay
ments was an ''inSult to the
intelligence Of the thousands
of taxpayers who meet their
obligations, no matter how diff
ficult it may be.
"The President" Mrs. st.
George went on, could not
have known about this tax de-
fault or he would never have
made the appointment. and
now that it has been revealed
the appointment should be
withdrawn. :. We must keep
the government of our Ma
tional Capital free from chisel-
erS and those who do not meet
their responsibilities Of citizen
ship"
Mr.. Reeves yesterday re-
ceived much support from
committee members during his
hearing.
Evening star., 1961-06-28
PACKAGING
Fancy Containers
Draw q Close Look

1855 to 1858, said in her pre-
pared testimony:
"One Of the most depressing
aspects Of the current situa-
ton is the reputable standing
Of many Of the companies cited
by regulatory agencies for un-
fair and improper practices.
She said the average house
wife "is an amateur, not q
specialist in this new buying
situation" and cannot be ex-
pected to have the time, even
If she had the capacity. ito
make the computations neces-
sary to divide fractionalized
weights into fractionalized
prices to find out the best buy .
Evening star., 1961-06-28
Home Rule Held
Not Far Off

Henry L. Dixon, jr., first vice
president Of the Federation Of
Civic Associations, told mem
bers Of the oldest civic associ-
alton in the District yesterday
home rule is not far Off"
About SO Deanwood Civic As
sociation members met In the
neighborhood'S recreation cen
ter at Forty-ninth and Quarles
streets NE. for the final meet
ing before the summer recess.
They heard Mr., Dixon chal-
lenge them to intensity their
efforts to get self-governmellt
for Washington.
Evening star., 1961-06-28
RoSToW

Continued From First Page
sovereign nation is aggression;
and this is q fact which the
whole international community
must confront and whose con-
'sequent responsibilities it must
accept. Without such interna-
tional action those against
whom aggression is mounted
will be driven inevitably to seek
out and engage the ultimate
source Of the aggression they
confront.
Notes Laos Controls
II suspect that, in the end.
the real meaning Of the con-
ference on Laos at Geneva vim
hinge on this question and on
whether or not the interna-
tional Control Commission
which has the win and the ca
pacity to control the borders
it was designed to control"
MY point is that we are up
against q form Of warfare
which is powerful and effective
only when we do not put our
minds clearly to work on how
to deal with it," he continued.
IT, for one, believe that, with
purposeful efforts, most ma
tions which might now be
susceptible to guerrilla warfare
could handle their border areas
in ways which would make
them very unattractive to the
initiation Of this ugly game"
Mr.. Rostow reflected the
administrations preoccupation
with Communist efforts to take
over South Wet Nam.
The effort requires mot
merely a proper military pro-
gram of deterrence, but pro-
grams of village development,
communications and indoctri-
nation {. I am confident that
we can deal with the kind OF
operation under way In Wet
Nam. It is an extremely
dangerous operation; and ii
could overwhelm Wet Nam II
the Vietnamese-aided by the
Free World-do not deal with
it,"
While guerrilla warfare is "a
present danger" in Southeast
Asia, Mr.. Rostow said, "it could
quickly become a major dan
ger in Africa and Latin Amer
ica."
Nevertheless, he cautioned
"the primary responsibility fol
dealing with guerrilla warfare
in the underdeveloped area:
cannot be American. There
are many ways in which We
can help-and We are search.
ing our minds and our ;mag-
nations to learn better how
to help; but a guerrilla wal
must be fought primarily b!
those on the spot. An out
slider cannot, by himself, wiz
a guerrilla war; he can hell
create conditions in which i
can be won; and he can di'
rectly assist those prepared II
fight for their independence.
Evening star., 1961-06-28
PACKAGING
Continued From First Pas

a guide to contents and
weight"
Mrs. Names also spoke Of
the need for a slide-rule to
figure out the differences be-
tween the contents Of jars of
apple sauce or other products.
And what housewife with a
kid inside the cart and one at
her heels can spare the time?"
she asked.
IF you complain, the manu-
facturers say that they're saw
ing you q price raise by re-
ducing the contents" she said.
,'Can you beat it?"
Another source Of confusion,
Mrs. Names said, Is in sizes.
Know the difference between
giant and jumbo?" she asked.
. Simple Sizes
Whats the matter with SIM
pie sizes, like q pint or two
pints or quart or two quartS?"
she asked. IN tell you what's
the matter. They're too easy
to figure. You might know
what you are getting"
And then, ssid Mrs. Names,
there are simple devices Of
not really filling the box OF
bottle" and the confusion OF
funny shapes of bottles that
make any real estimate Of
contents impossible"
She said it isn't just a Ques-
ton Of "a little less applesauce,
a few less crackers, a few more
pennies here and there" but q
question of morality.
. Little receptions Of single
consumers can add up to a
mighty deception of a whole
people," she declared. And she
called on the American con-
surner to revolt.
Mrs. Names said that manu-
facturers guilty Of these decep-
tions are not the majority but
that among them are "some Of
the most respected brand names
in the business"
Persia Campbell, chairman
Of the Department Of Econom-
les at Queens College In New
York and consumer counsel to
the Governor Of New York from