davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-01-24
Young Motorists

] favor the legislation
which Montgomery County
Juvenile Judge Alfred Noyes
Is proposing 10 ban 1e and
17-year-olds from night driv-
ing, with certain exceptions,
unless accompanied by Q IL
censed adult motorist.
Maryland Is making strides
In its highway safety pro-
gram. It enacted the finan.
cial responsibility law for
drivers under 81. It elimi.
mated its lifetime licensing
procedure Qicenses must now
be renewed every two years..
On January I. 1861, the point
system went INTO effect In
the State.
This is not enough. Pro-
posed legislation to increase
the driver education offer
ings in Maryland high schools
has met with defeat in past
years. The Maryland State
Driver Education Teachers
Association and the Mary
land Congress Of Parents and
Teachers have recommended
that funds be allocated to
the State Department Of
Education 50 that every
Maryland public high school
might have o driver-educa-
ton course. The need IL evi-
dent. Positive legislation Is
needed to help combat the
problem Of increasing high
way fatalities. especially with
the youthful driver. Compul-
sorry inspection Of motor We.
hicles has met Q similar fate.
Maryland is not o rural
road" State. Fast growing
areas and counties such as
Montg ON cry and Prince
Georges have many problems
and legislative help is needed.
Driver = licensing standards
are not what they should be.
Too many poor drivers pass
these mediocre tests satisfac-
torily.
The Maryland Legislature
should not adjourn until it
has enacted legislation to
make the Free State o safer
one. also.
Michael r. Nemchick.
Evening star., 1961-01-24
President Kennedy has wor

President Kennedy has won
the plaudits Of Americans
and Of leaders Of the foreign
nations with his eloquent
Inaugural statement on the
problems confronting the
world. Americans, without
regard to party. win support
him in his determination to
seek peace and better rela-
tions abroad while ct the
same time standing firm for
freedom. The country now
awaits with the greatest
interest the new Presidents
recommendations to Congress
and to the people on the
pressing domestic problems.
The e7th Congress has been
In session more than three
weeks-for the most part
marking time and completing
is organization for the big
tasks ahead. For the first
time In eight years the Demo-
Gratis are In complete control
Of the Government -legisla-
tive and executive.
Power From People ~
The newly elected chairman
Of the Democratic National
Committee. John M. Bailey
Of Connecticut, accepting the
office. said: "The Democratic
Party's direction has come
Gin the past) from the people
themselves" Today much may
depend upon the interpreta-
ton Of the phrase "the people
themselves" Does 1t actually
mean the great mass Of the
people-or does 1t mean the
leaders Of various so-called
pressure groups"-organized
labor, organized farmers, the
NAACP and scores Of other
groups? The hope Of the
country is that President
Kennedy will listen to the
people: that he will not be
over-persuaded to favor the
demands Of this or that
particular group. In his
inaugural address, even while
talking Of foreign affairs. he
spoke out on his own con-
ception Of the duties Of the
people-no matter to what
organized group they belong.
Those duties are to each
other as well as to the Nation.
He said: "And so, my fellow
Americans, ask not what
your country can do for you
ask what can you dosfor yosir
country" II you substitute
Government" for country In
the realm Of domestic affairs,
the whole people may benefit.
There are those among Mr.
Kennedy's advisers-as well
as among the leaders Of pres
sure groupS-who believe that
the duty Of Government Is to
extend q beneficent power
over the people. even to the
extent Of doing for the people
what they should do fol
themselves. The new Presi-
dent has shown himself both
strong and self-reliant. While
he supported the Democratic
platform written In Lol
Angeles last summer. much
Of It looking to bigger and
bigger Federal Government
he retains the right Of judg-
ing the extent and direction
Of the new frontiers" toward
which he win press.
What, for example, will bt
Evening star., 1961-01-24
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Life Germ Theory Still Pondered
By THOMAS R. HENRY

to survive the intense cold
Of space probably no longer
offers much difficulty. There
have been warnings. for ex-
ample. that If the ice sheet
over the Antarctic Continent
suddenly should melt micro
scopic life forms Of milleni-
ums ago. long in a state Of
complete dormancy. might be
released over the earth and
prove extremely malignant to
present life forms.
As for the energy necessary
for transportation through
space-that is for overcoming
the chains of gravity-the
National Academy Committee
says; I'VE might possibly
appeal to impacts with other
helio-centric (sun-circling)
bodies such as grazing me-
teorites or planetoids In
cataclysmic encounters. These
suggestions are not more re-
mote than those invoked for
other astronomical phenom-
ena." ~..r t.t. >,
Even finding some samples
of Arrhenius' "pan-spermia"
is not beyond possibilities in
the space age, the report
says. Particles Of it might
have been trapped on the
moon where they would not
have met suitable conditions
for organization into any
higher forms of life. With
present chemical techniques.
according to the report. 1t
would be possible to detect
them in a sample of moon
rock II they should consti-
tute one part in / quad
rillion. The day when chem
lists will have some moon
stuff for their test tubes may
not be too far away.
Theory Not Refutable
OF late there have been
suggestions that life germs
may have been disseminated
deliberately throughout the
universe by intelligent beings
In some other stellar system.
Man, admittedly, has not
yet reached the point where
he could do this. But, there
Is some reason to speculate,
If there are intelligent beings
in other systems they may be
far ahead Of humans In tech
nical developments. In an
other century 1t may be
different. ...
At present. the National
Academy Committee con-
cludes. the theory of pam
spermia Is neither REPUTABLE
nor provable. Its great ad-
vantage is that it gets around
the need for spontaneous
generation which is in con-
flict with long-held princi-
Piles. And. says the report.
"irrefutable notions have lit
tie scientific value unless
they lead to attempts at
verification."
Evening star., 1961-01-24
A life germ may pervade

A life germ may pervaoe
creation.
It can be scattered through
the universe from planet to
planet, solar system to solar
system, even galaxy to gall
axy. Wherever 1t meets
suitable conditions. It en-
ters into configurations Of
inorganic matter and en-
dows them with the essential
qualities which distinguish
the living from the nonliv-
ing. It's, source probably
never can be known. Its
origin is q subject for phil
csophy or theology rather
than. at present, for science.
This is the theory Of
"panspermia" first advanced
about o half century ago BY
the Swedish chemist. Svante
Arrhenius. Since his death in
1927 the idea largely has
been discredited. The scat
tering, it has been argued.
would have been impossible
within the limits Of natural
law for two reasons. First.
the force Of gravity would
have prevented the escape Of
the precious life package
from the surface Of any ce-
lestial body large enough to
support life phenomena. Sec
ond, even If this escape hap
pened the unshielded life
would have been destroyed by
the radiations. the cold and
the barrenness Of space.
Still Significant
Members Of the space SCI
ence board Of the National
Academy, however. are not
entirely convinced Of the
fallacy Of "panspermia." It
still. says their report, "is Of
immense significance for
cosmic biology" t.a
"In its Defense" continues
the report, 1t might be in
dicated that the hazards Of
exposure to space may be
exaggerated. taking account
of the dormancy Of micro
organisms In high vacuum
and low temperatures and
their relatively small cross
section (area Of exposure> for
ionizing ra additions. The
chief hazard for micro
organisms might come from
solar ultraviolet radiation
(either from the earth's sun
or any other SUM and the
proton wind" The latter Is
the wind in the SUMS corona
which now is believed to ex-
tend into space at least as far
as the earth. Streams Of the
hard atomic particles, pro-
tons, are blown back and
forth at enormous velocities.
But q thin layer Of everything
material (a radiation-imper-
viouS shell Of some sort)
would shield Q spore from
these.
The ability Of o life germ
Evening star., 1961-01-24
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used u
letters carry iDriters' correct
names and addresses. All let
ters are subject to condensG-
tion. Those not used tptll be
returned only iohen accom-
panied BY self = addressed.
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-01-24
THE POLITICAL MILL
esl By'GoULD LINCOLN
Country Awaits New Frontiers

the direction and extent Of
new labor and farm legisla-
ton? The Kennedy admins
tration already has had an
indication Of the strange hold
which organized labor holds
over the daily lives Of millions
Of people-the strike Of 664
railroad and, ferryboat tug
workers. members Of three
maritime unions, operating
in New York particularly.
Picket lines established by
them prevented the operation
Of railroad trains by the New
York Central and Pennsyl-
vania Railroad systems. The
issue was, in the parlance Of
the unions. sob security"
The employers demanded IN
O new contract the right to
determine how many workers
they needed 10 operate the tug
boats. Involved was the whole
question Of 'tfeatherbed ding"
which has plagued the rail-
roads for years-the payment
Of employees not actually
engaged In or needed for
certain tasks. The end Of
the two-week strike came
after Q decision to postpone
q decision on this issue until
next December when q Presi-
dents Commission is to make
its report on railroad man
power problems. President
Kennedy's new Secretary Of
Labor, Arthur ]. Goldberg,
played an effective part in the
strike settlement. The settle
ment. however. merely post
poneS the issue. In the mean
time, what will be the direc-
ton Of the administration
toward this new frontier"
President Kennedy has
been swamped with organi-
rational duties. requiring the
appointment Of many top
officials. After Q meeting
with Vice President Lyndon
johnson and Speaker Ray
burn Of the House in Florida
there, was announced q five
point program requiring leg
islation. Presumably the
President will include this
program either in q state-of-
the-Union message to Con-
gress. or in separate messages
to that body.
Factors for Action
Although the election Of
Mr.. Kennedy was by the
aarrowest margin In many
years, the Democrats have
overwhelming majorities in
both houses Of Congress. In
addition, the President has
q big stick-Federal patron
age-with which to line UP
support for his legislative
recommendations. Further.
there will be q strong desire
on the part Of Democrats
generally to make Q success
Of the new administration.
Under these circumstances,
President Kennedy has In his
own hands the extent.
direction and fate Of his
programs. In addition to the
vital intern ational and
defense problems, there is
the problem Of the Natien's
economy. Mr.. Kennedy has
promised O, crusade to ad-
vance this economy to more
favorable positions. This
crusade will spell out many
Of the New Frontiers.
Evening star., 1961-01-24
Thanks Crockett

! cast o vote Of. thanks 20
Glib Crockett for expressing
the sentiment which, ] en-
sure 80 many Of u felt at the
conclusion Of Mr.. Eisenhow- .
er's farewell address.
Helen Z. Van Doren.
Evening star., 1961-01-24
Liberties With FIoq

Helen Z. Van Doren.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-10-06
Africa At A Glance
MULTI-RACIAL CINEMA

Bulawayo Southern (ANPJ-A
construction this commercial capital Southern
which will be the luxurious Of all cinemas the
country approximately 100000 dollars it will be
part consisting cocktail
shopping offices the theatre muimion
William South Africa
SOLUTION UNEMPLOYMENT
of the Federation Of
Nigeria bold attempt the nemploy
problem the country The Federal sided by the
regional governments North established
board whose will be
providing needed employment
opportunities periodically unemployment and employment
occupations throughout the and to formulate general
policy concerning generalization in employment
TUBMAN-KENNEDY MEETING
ANP) President William v. S. Tubman Of the
Republic guest
Oct 1920 it announced last week
informal discussions Lberan
American relations.
CONFAB
Trinidad (ANP)-The annual two-day Rice
British Port
ospan purpose decide
during 1862.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-10-06
Minneapolis Area
United Fund Drive
SfdFfS October s

The second annual United Fund
campaign for home areas begins
next Thursday, October 5, and will
continue thru October 26. A total
Of $5,095,243 is sought for Hen
nepin County.
10000 volunteer workers are
now being sought to assure sue
cess Of the residential phase Of the
drive. Concerning the urgent need
for additional solicitors, Alan
Moore, campaign chairman, said,
I'VE need more block workers to
cover every home in all Of the
residential, suburban and rural
areas Of our community. These
door-to-door solicitors are the life
blood Of the United Fund. BY vol
unteering their time, they help the
United Fund keep its campaign
costs at less than four cents of
each dollar raised"
He added, I'm the past, we've
heard many complaints from
housewives who are weary Of cam
paigns because they've been asked
to serve so many times. This is an
opportunity for anyone who wants
to do something for the community
to take care Of 70 campaigns by
calling on his neighbors just once"
Individuals who wish to volun-
teer to be a solicitor can call the
United Fund, FEE. 2-5275, extern
sion 220-221-222.
Solicitors this year will request
donors to use a pledge card in
place of cash. With the decrease Of
separate campaigns, donors are
urged to increase their contribu-
tons proportionately.
Here's how each SO gift to the
United Fund campaign in Henne-
pin County will be spent during
1852.
1922 for Health Services (Arth-
ritis and Rheumatism, Crippled
Children easter Seals), Sister
Kenny, Etc.
$3.05 for Youth Services boy
Scouts, Girl Scouts, Camp Fire
Girls, YMCA, YWCA, Settlement
Houses, etc.
$2.06 for Family and Children's
Services (Salvation Army, Chill
dren's Home Society, etc.
$1.26 for the Red Cross.
$.53 for Specialized Services,
Community Health and Welfare,
Legal Aid, Urban League, Com
munity Information Center, etc.
$40 for state and National Serv-
ices, (USO, MINI. Research Coun-
Gil, etc.
$50 for Year-Round Administra-
ton collections, auditing, budget
ing, etc.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-10-06

representative. Other professors
said that the African student is in
telligent and his performance is
well above the average in examina-
tons.
One professor thought that the
African students suffered from
complex and that they expected
privileged treatment because they
were foreigners and guests in In
dia. M. c. Cholwe, visiting in In
dia recently with fellow Kenya
African National Union Party
member Tom Mboya, urged Afri-
can students to mix more with In
dian students so that any misun-
derstanding between the two
groups would be removed.
PRESIDENT KwAME NKRU-
NAH Of Ghana has appointed him
self supreme commander Of the
armed forces and removed all Brit
ish officers from positions Of COM
mand, according to a report from
Accra In other developments,
DR.. Nkrumah told the United Ma
lions General Assembly there
should be no cease-fire in Kat
anga until that province has been
absorbed completely into the Con-
go as a unitary, sovereign, and in
dependent state" He said in a
note to the world body that Ghana
believed that a cease-fire based
upon de facto recognition Of a sep
aratist state would have fatal con-
sequences on international order
and on the prestige and very fu-
ture of the United Nations.
The note said Ghana fully and
completely supported the UN ac-
ton in Katanga and considered 1t
essential that all UN member
states, particularly those from At
RIGA, should come to the immediate
aid of the UN. DR.. Nkrumah
charged that certain powers from
outside the African continent who
are intent on destroying the pres
tige Of the UN and on maintaining
colonial rule and exploitation in
Africa" have flooded Katanga with
heavy modern ornaments of all
kinds"
He added: The object of these
powers is clearly to maintain the
puppet regime in the province Of
Katanga in absolute defiance Of
the central government Of the
Congo and Of the decisions of the
Security Council" Earlier, Presi-
dent Nkrumah said that the cir
cumstances Of UN Secretary Gem
eral Dag Hammarskjold's death
were clouded in mystery and called
for a prompt and thorough in
vestigation by an absolutely in
dependent impartial body"
PRICES AND SALES Of agri-
cultural products Of Western Nj
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-10-06
Church Deacon
Found Guilty Of
Incifing Trouble
BY ISAAC JONES

Detroit CAMP - A 37-year-old
white Baptist deacon and Sunday
school teacher named by police as
an instigator in a recent racial
disturbance that developed in
Northwest Detroit when a Negro
family moved into the all-white
neighborhood, was found guilty of
simple assault in Recorders Court
last Wednesday by the Honorable
Judge Joseph A. ellis.
He is Robert Schwalm a native
Detroiter, deacon and Sunday
School teacher at Emanuel Baptist
Church, Warren, Michigan, who is
employed as a tool and die maker.
Schwalm was referred to the prob
alton department and clinic for
sentencing Sept. 20. His $500 per-
sonal bond was continued.
The complaint, Gloria Young,
told police she was enroute home
from summer school at Post High
School, Greenlawn and Mitchell,
August IS, accompanied by David
Mckinney, 90, and Adele jack
son, IA, when they were approach
ed by Schwalm.
Blocked Their Passage
They said Schwalm rushed from
the porch of the home and stood
in front of them on the sidewalk,
hands on his hips, blocking their
passage.
The girl said Schwalm shouted,
you think you're big walking
down this street. You niggers bet
ter go back where you came
from"
Gloria said as she and her friends
walked around the deacon, he
shook his fist at them and re-
marked, Il am going to bomb your
home"
Judge ellis reminded the deacon
that little things like this can
cause a lot of trouble.
IF this girl and her two friends
had been hot-headed, or hadn't
come from the right kind of home,
it might have led to racial trouble.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-10-06

geria will feature prominently in
discussions during the extensive
two-month overseas economic and
cultural tour of Western Premier
S. L. AlIintola. He will travel to
Europe, the United States, Canada,
Israel, Yugoslavia and Cyprus. Ac-
companying him on the tour will
be Mrs. Akintola, Chief ]. A. o.
Odebiyi, finance minister; Chief
A. o. Adeyi, minister of trade and
industry, and Chief I. o. Dina, per-
manent secretary to the treasury.
After a visit to Switzerland, the
premier will go to Rome where he
is scheduled to pay a courtesy visit
to Pope John XIII.
A MEMBER of the Kenya Afri-
can Democratic Union party, Mr..
w. Wabuge, has openly criticized
Jomo Kenyatta, according to a re-
port from Nairobi. Mr.. Kenyatta
is only playing hide-and-seek in
Kenya politics now, but in his heart
or hearts he is KANU," he said.
What he would like to see is
KADU disintegrate and KANU,
which is his party, grow stronger"
1t has been widely reported that
Kenyatta admits he must bring
himself up-to-date on current pol
itcal issues, since he has been away
from the scene nine years. But the
charge by the KADU member is
questioned by observers, mainly on
the basis that 1t was Kenyatta-
while still in exile-who called for
unity between the two major part
les. These same observers point
out that a united front is a nee
essity If Kenya is to get the speedy
independence 1t desires.
UGANDA'S FIRST permanent
law school has been opened at
Entobbe. Twenty-eight students
from all over the protectorate -
Many of them drawn from existing
judiciaries - will be taking the
one year course. G. B. Slade, min
lister of legal affairs, said the
school was starting on a limited
basis because Of the difficulty in
finding a staff for lecturing and ad-
ministration. He indicated, howev-
er, that he believed this situation
would be overcome soon . . From
London, a dramatic plea for Ug-
anda's independence this year was
made by the protectorate's opposi-
ton leader, A. NJ. Obote. He said
his party was determined to go
into independence without any
further constitutional stages. He
attacked Colonial Secretary lain
Macleod's year or two for indie
pendence" statement and said his
party has a program for independ-
ence which should be put into
operation now.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-10-06

Its no trouble at all to tell
when a TV movie is an old one
the hero doesn't kiss the girl like
he was eating an overripe peach"
Charlie Crawford, Lawrenceburg
(Tenn.) Democrat Union.
THE two-party system is based
on the assumption that neither my
way or your way is necessarily the
right way of getting the job done"
Dorothy S. Scott, SmithtOwn
(N.Y.) Messenger.
"a recent survey shows that
four out of five women haters are
women" William L. Zeigler,
New Oxford (Pa.) Item.
''Today's prices prove that the
best time to buy anything is a
year ago" - S. e. Mekeel, Ovid
(N.YJ Gazette and Independent.
THE best board Of education is
often a shingle." - Ray Winans,
West Springfield (MassJ Record.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-10-06
SToVALL GETS $I2,I55
CITY GOVERNMENT POST
IN ST. LOUIS. MO,

st. Louis (ANP) - Mayor Ray
mond R. Tucker last week appoint
ed Chester E. Stoval director of
welfare. He is the first Negro to
hold a top administrative position
in city government.
Stovall, who succeeds Bernard
F. Dickmann, former mayor and
postmaster Oct. 1 for the past five
years has been executive secre-
tary Of the city's council on human
relations.
Stovall, So, will bring out
standing ability and interest to his
new post" Mayor Tucker said. His
annual salary will be $12,155.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-10-06
THIS NJ THAT
By Hazel Underwood
JUST a THOUGHT FOR THE WEEK

SOSI - lnSOSnI fOk IhE WEEK
Wouldn't Earth be bit more like Heaven above?
Just supposing started this very day
To live our lives in a different way;
Just supposng vowed and constantly tried
To help those in trouble LIES wayside;
If we showed by doings hint of His Love
ON MONDAY
Look for a smile today and return it with one of
your
Give someone faith and hope . . it's such a
beautiful loan!
ON TUESDAY
Gather thought that's kind-one that's sincere and
deep
But be sure to it along, for such precious
to keep!
ON WEDNESDAY
Forget yesterdays old SORROWS mistakes sadness
and pain
Lift your heart with hope and a song as flowers to
and rain
ON THURSDAY
Offer a word of comfort prayer to help someone
in need
A little thoughtful gift, flowers or a smile make
all rich indeed!
ON FRIDAY
You shall not pass this way again, so do any good
you can do
Don't put it off until tomorrow or the chance may be
lost to you!
ON SATURDAY
Today will soon be a memory don't let it come to
Without smile, without a song just a word with
friend
Anon.