davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-07-22
Grissom and the Stars

Despite the loss of his Spacecraft,
Captain Virgil I. Grissom'S Suborbital
flight, like the one carried out in May
by Commander Alan B. Shepard, jr.
constitutes another significant Amer
ican advance on the roadway to the
stars. Certainly few achievements could
have better dramatized or justified the
Presidents signing, on the same day,
of legislation authorizing our National
-AeronauticS and Space Administration
to spend nearly $18 billion in the cur
rent fiscal year.
80 In due course, presumably, there
will be detailed official explanation of
the factors accounting for the sinking
of Captain GriSSom'S "boat"-the Lib
,erty Bell T." Meanwhile, however, Amer
leans have reason to take proper pride
in his fine and quietly heroic perform
ar1ce. More than that, it should be
noted that the loss of his space Ship"
although disappointing thing, has
been not nearly so disastrous" as
reported in some of Britain'S more
sensational newspapers.
At any rate, as far as NASA is
copcerned, failure to recover the cap
sule-with it's pictures of Captain Girls
som in flights viewed as a relatively
minor setback, particularly because of
the vast amount of telemetered infor-
nation gathered and recorded during
his historic flight. Indeed, despite the
sinking of Liberty Bell T." some of our
space experts suggest that no further
.suborbital flights are needed and that
we can proceed now-with men like
Grissom and Shepard and the five other
: 'Astronauts in Project Mercury-toa the
business of complete orbital flight.
Such flight, involving at least three
! orbits around the earth prior to the
. landing operation, may well be achieved
before the end of the year, and it
J promises to be much more impressive
! feat than the reported (but still poorly
; authenticated) one-round orbital voyage
; of the Soviet Unions Yuri Gagarin,
! whose trip has yet to be shown in pic
torial detail. BY way of contrast, the
. story of our American AStronautS is an
open book, and between now and De-
. cember-probably after some prelimi-
nary flights by chimpanzees-one Of
. these men may do what Major Gagarin
. is supposed to have done. But it is ex-
, pected that he will do it better and more
frequently and in a way that will leave
no room for doubt about it.
Evening star., 1961-07-22
Taxing Dividends

The Star editorial Taxing
Dividends" did not mention,
as expected, the benefits of
the Kennedy tax reform pro-
posalS. Let's assume the tax
payer receiving dividend in
come does deserve a credit
because of the high corporate
rates. If so, the uneven and
regressive relief afforded by
the 40 dividend credit and
the $50 dividend exemption is
a crude and inequitable way
to get it.
The new burdens and
costs" imposed on the In
ternal Revenue Service by
the dividend withholding plan
will be balanced by a re-
duction in effort needed to
chase tax evaders. The addi-
tional paperwork for the cor
porations can hardly be con-
Sidered overwhelming. All
they have to do is send a
check to the Internal Reve-
nue. Service equal to a flat
percentage of total dividends
paid out. There will be no
more paperwork than when
an individual buys stock in
a corporation for the first
time.
Certainly, a newspaper can
not be expected to give q
complete hearing to the OPP
position when presenting it's
point Of view: but I would
expect a paper with the, stat
Evening star., 1961-07-22
frugal Diplomacy

I think the attack by in
dividuals and some news
papers on the party which
President Kennedy gave for
the President of PakiStan was
about as ridiculous and hui
initiating as I have ever read.
Should a great country like
ours create more ill-will by
being Cheap" while Russia,
on the other hand, puts on
the dog?
Even abroad, our embas-
S:es have to serve soft drinks
and sandwiches to the same
businessmen and country
leaders to whom the Russians
serve elaborate dinners and
liqueurs. For instance, a busi-
ness friend of mine invited to
the London Embassy a few
weeks ago to attend a party
for some British industrial
leaders, felt obligated for
American prestige to 20 out
and buy the liquor for the
party, because it was not al
lowed in our ambassadors ap-
preparation. This same group
Of men went to the Russian
Embassy a few days later for
a similar luncheon and were
served Chicken ala Mary
land-American Style with
liquors, wines and cordials.
In other words, we are now
forced to be inhospitable,
which is not like our way of
life.
All we are doing with these
picayune savings is just giving
the Russians another edge in
the cold war.
Bernard p. Day.
Evening star., 1961-07-22
Tito, Mao and Mr.. K.

Together with puppet North Korea,
Red China has once again assailed
President Tito'S off-beat Communist
regime in Yugoslavia. This is not earth
shaking news, of course, but it piques
ones interest. 1t does so because the
attack-eXpreSSed in joint commune
que-haS come less than two days after
an official Kremlin announcement in
dicating marked change for the better
in Soviet-Yugoslav relations.
Indeed, judging from the announce
ment, these relations have reached one
Of their most cordial phases since Mar
Shal Tito's break with Josef Stain in
1913 At any rate, after week-long visit
in Moscow, Yugoslav Foreign Minister
Popovic has put himself on record as de-
claring that the Belgrade governments
views coincide with the Kremlin's on
most international issues, including pre-
sumably Berlin. More than that, high
Soviet officials, not excepting even
Premier Khrushchev, have been at pains
to show Mr.. Popovic degree of hos
pitality we'll designed to. spread the
healed and that real friendlineSS, mutual
.trnSt and theological compatibility now
exist between the USSR and Yugoslavia.
Yet, despite this, or maybe because of
It, the North Korean and Chinese Com
muniSts have Joined in condemning the
Tito regimes "revisionism" as "the main
danger to the present international
Communist movement" And they have
gone on to add that the "revisioniSm"
is an evil not to be tolerated; instead,
"a resolute struggle must be waged
. against it" by all good Red totalitarians.
Looked at in any light, this is state
n1ent that implicitly lectures and berates
the Kremlin for not adhering to hard
StaliniSt line against Belgrade'S more
or less dependent-minded, maverick
comrades.
=. However, lest anyone Jump to the
conclusion that here is further evidence
OF a serious rift between Peiping and
Moscow, what should be noted is that
RED China and North Korea have also
declared in their Joint communique that
Evening star., 1961-07-22
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Mobile Rodor New Eyes of Army
By THOMAS R. HENRY

determining what awaits in
vaders on a "far shore"
Il 4 4 +
A child'S toy may be trans
formed into an important tool
for improving Army mobility.
Under test now is a man
carrying aerial vehicle with
a paraglider wing. This para
glider is described as an
aerodynamically stable and
comfortable device.
It originally was conceived,
according to an Army report,
by Francis M. Rogallo, en-
gineer at the Langley Re
search Center of the Aero
nautics and Space Admins
tration, who put it on the
market as a high perform
ance, tailleSS toy kite.
Many Possible Uses
He continued to investigate
his concept, however, in the
Langley wind tunnels. A
free-flight model with a pay
load attached was dropped
from e helicopter. Later a
radio control% unit was in
stalled in a model and con-
trolled flight in a drop was
accomplished.
Foreseeable possible appli-
cations, according to the
Army report, include air
dropping loads on a target,
towing auxiliary equipment
to a drop area, serving as an
auxiliary wing on an air
plane to improve short take
off and landing capabilities,
and as an emergency landing
system in case Of power fail
ure.
Meanwhile, an aeronauti-
cal company became inter-
ested in the concept and built
an aerial vehicle supported
by a paraglider which was
capable Of carrying a man.
A testing program now is
under way.
Two contracts have been
awarded to study methods
OF recovering large rocket
boosters by using paraglid-
ers. The Ordnance Corps is
planning to study the possible
use Of the device to recover
boosters from weapons such
as the Nike.
THE child's kite already
has flown quite a way out
OF toyland," says the Army
report.
Evening star., 1961-07-22
Give Them a Heurino'

Your recent editorial Give
Them a Hearing" is deeply
appreciated by the military
retireeS. 1t is gratifying to
see The Star, as usual, in
the forefront of an effort to
rectify a great injustice dont
these long retired service
men by plugging for equali-
zation Of retired pay for all
military retireeS.
Much has been made of
how equalization would help
only high-ranking officers
and the impression has been
created that retired enlisted
men would not benefit at all by
enactment of this law. Most
retired enlisted men would
receive an increase Of around
8.5% under the provisions
of this bill, which to them
would be quite a help, par
ticularly so since many of
them are either too old or
physically unable to hold a
job.
It is difficult to see how
a country that spends so
many billions for foreign aid
and for the welfare of its less
fortunate citizens should act
so niggardly to veterans Of
the armed forces. Many of
these retired enlisted men
get less in retired pay than
a lot of the people on re-
lief get for welfare pay
ments throughout the coun-
try, which is considered by
many experts to be less than
enough for a minimum sub
Sistence.
Military retirees, particu-
larly enlisted retirees, who
retired prior to June. 1858,
are Disseminated against in
many ways. For example,
civil service retirees can get
both their retired pay from
civil service and compensa-
ton from the Veterans Ad-
miniStration, while the armed
forces retirees can't get both;
they don't get credit for So
cial security as do the mill
tary men who were in Serv-
ice after December, 1855, and
since many Of them are un-
able to work they will never
get it and are dependent
entirely on their military re-
tirement pay. In addition,
military retireeS are subject to
involuntary recall to act
i've duty at any time their
services are required, amen
ability to the Uniform Code
of Military Justice, and have
restrictions on their ability
to travel, ETC., while other
Government retirees are not
hampered by such disabilities.
Presidents Kennedy and
Eisenhower, former Vice
President Nixon, the House
of Representatives, many
Senators, both conservative
and liberal, a number of the
Nations leading newspapers
and many other organiza-
tions, to say nothing Of 100
years of precedence for this
sort Of thing, are all in favor
of equalization, but unless
and until the Senate Armed
Forces Committee holds hear
ingS and allows the full Sem
ate to vote on the merits of
the bill nothing can be done
to correct this injustice.
W
Evening star., 1961-07-22
Elliott r. MOrsS
Educational Prourum

I hope The Star will draw
the attention Of its readers
to the course to be offered
next fall on MICS Cont
mental Classroom" After
three years of concentration
on science the Continental
Classroom has chosen 1.-The
Structure and Functions of
American Government" as the
subject for the course it will
offer during the next acad-
emic year.
We often hear it said that
the American people are
apathetic and that they do
not accept either the respon-
Sibilities or the opportunities
implicit in self-government
If this is true, one of the
main stumbling blocks is a
lack of understanding of the
processes of government and
of ways in which individual
citizens can be effective.
Courses in civics and govern
ment in high schools and
colleges are fine, but they are
Offered to the student at a
time when he is not aware Of
the effect government has on
almost every phase of his life;
by the time he is experience
ing government at first hand
he has a difficult time con-
Meeting the theory of the
classroom with what he would
like to accomplish as a citizen.
Years ago when women
first won the vote the newly
formed League of Women
Voters held citizenship
Schools" in cooperation with
colleges and universities
around the country in which
much the same sort of course
was given in capsule form.
League leaders thought it es-
Sential that the newly en-
franchised women not be
thrust into the responsible
ties of Self-government with
out having some background
on the machinery of govern
ment. These courses were eff
fective as far as they went,
but they were of necessity
limited to a relatively few
people. The new Continental
Classroom course offers an
unparalleled opportunity not
only to those who feel a lack
because they have never had
a course in American Govern
ment but to those who have
had such a course in the past
and would like to re-explore
the theories and principles
underlying our form of gov
ernment in the light of their
own experience as citizens.
I for one intend to get up a
little earlier each weekday
after September to take ad-
vantage of this course. I hope
that millions of my fellow
Americans will do likewise.
NBC is to be congratulated
in offering this opportunity.
Mrs. Robert j. Phillips.
Presiden t, League of
Women Voters of U. S.
Evening star., 1961-07-22
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDriters' correct
names and addresses. Au let
terS are subject to condenSd-
tton. Those not used Uin be
returned only tDhen accom-
panied By self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-07-22
Housing Project

l am chairman OF a special
housing committee of the
Lincoln Park Citizens Assoc
iation. I am writing in be-
half Of the association which
opposes the construction of a
second public housing unit
in Lincoln Park, a Sub-divi-
sion Of the City Of Rockville.
The area is a small Negro
neighborhood in which a 65
family unit is presently 10
Gated. This unit houses only
a few residents from Rock
vile, for whom it was con-
Structed and for which the
purpose Of establishing a To-
cal housing authority was &C
compliShed. Fifty per cent of
the occupants are from other
parts of the county. If this
immigration of renters was
necessary to fill vacancies in
this housing project, one could
seriously question the urgent
need" for a second unit twice
as large in this immediate
vicinity.
Rockville has fewer prob
lens of sub-standard housing
conditions than any other
community in Montgomery
County. The problem, then,
Of. eliminating sub-standard
conditions in other areas
seems to be a county problem
rather than a local one. Why
is the Rockville Housing
Authority so anxious to as
sumo this responsibility?
Why does it seek to con-
struct a housing development
in an already congested area,
where there is no market,
and recruit residents of other
areas to occupy it? Is it not
an obvious attempt to gather
Negroes into a ghetto? One
member of the r. H. A. has
already stated that, "for all
practical purposes, since this
is a Negro community, the
occupants would most likely
be Negro"
The local housing author
ity contends that it is limited
to selecting sites within the
corporate limits of Rockville.
This group ignored other un-
developed areas in the city
and selected private proper
ty in Lincoln Park on which
homes are built, or vacant
lots on which owners have
signed commitments to build.
Under their proposed plan,
some citizens would be forced
to relinquish half or all of
their property. Those home
owners forced to move would
have to become renters be-
cause of the unwritten code
in Montgomery County that
property is not to be sold to
Negroes. Is this not a step
backward?
The problem of providing
low-rent housing for Negroes
in Montgomery County might
be resolved if they were given
equal job opportunities, fin
ancial assistance through
loans, and the right to pur-
chase land and homes with
out regard to their race.
Bessie Hill
President, Progressive Citi.
zens Association of Rockville,
Maryland.
Evening star., 1961-07-22

that Gov. Brown IS in reality
facing an uphill fight, par
ticularly if Mr.. Nixon runs
against him, but also If an
other Republican, like Mr..
Knight, is his opponent. This
Statewide poll published on
June 20 gave Mr.. Nixon SO
per cent Of those answering.
Gov. Brown 81 per cent, with
10 per cent undecided. In
February, 1861, a similar poll
gave Mr.. Nixon 81 per cent.
Gov. Brown 40 per cent and
8 per cent undecided. The
California Poll also compares
Gov. Browns popular strength
with that Of Mr.. Knight,
showing that Mr.. Knight has
A per cent, Gov. Brown 81
per cent and undecided 10 per
cent. With Senator Knowland
as Gov. Browns opponent,
the figures of the poll are
Knowland Al per cent, Brown
40 per cent, and undecided
19 per cent. Most California
voters, the poll showed, be-
lieve that in the end Mr..
Nixon will be nominated and
run for Governor; these same
voters said they would sup
port him against Gov. Brown
even if Mr.. Nixon planned to
become a presidential candi-
date in 1864. The count was
88 per cent would vote for
Mr.. Nixon under those condi-
tionS, 8 per cent would not,
and 3 per cent no opinion.
Bid to Nixon
At a meeting of the Repub-
lican State Central Committee
of California last week a
resolution was adopted ask
ing Mr.. Nixon to run for
Governor, but it was some
what watered down, probably
because Mr.. Nixon himself has
said he does not want to run.
AS time passes and the cam
paign comes closer, however,
it is likely the pressure for
Mr.. Nixon to run for Cover
nor will increase. The Republ-
licans are vitality interested in
carrying California, the sec
ond most populous State in
the Union, where the Demo-
Gratis have a 60-40 per cent
lead in voter registration. Mr..
Nixon, who carried the State
over President Kennedy in
1860, is considered by the
G. o. P. the strongest candi-
date it can put up. Another
possible factor in the final de-
ciSion lies in the number of
possible would-be candidates
other than Mr.. Nixon and the
troubles the party would face
If Mr.. Nixon had to make q
choice among them.
The Republican Committee
at the same meeting turned
down by a considerable vote
a proposal for a referendum
on the recently approved law
redistricting the State and
providing for eight additional
congressional seats. The new
law has been attacked as un-
fair to the Republicans. The
committee decided, however,
that the expense of the refer
endum and the uncertainty Of
benefits make a referendum
campaign unwise. Also, the
Republicans say they believe
they can pick up 5 or 8 of the
new congressional districts,
Notwithstanding the So or So
per cent advantage of party
registration for the Demo-
cratic candidates in these new
districts. The Democrats, for
their part, count on making
a clean sweep of the new dis
trictS and on taking a couple
Of districts now held by Re-
publican congressman. All Of
which makes the Importance
Of the gubernatorial cam
paign even more pronounced.
Evening star., 1961-07-22

A radar Of such precision
that it can detect the differ
ence between a man or a
woman walking a mile
away is being developed by
line troops.
It can detect moving OBJ
jects II miles away-that is,
to the horizon-and deter
mine whether they are hu-
mans, such as marching
troops, or vehicles like tanks.
It will be an all-Seeing eye
in the dark for soldiers in
advanced positions.
It will be the Army'S first
mobile radar set for ground
surveillance in combat. The
project unit now is being
developed. under contract
with the Signal Corps, by a
New York manufacturer. It
will be capable of travel
across both land and water
and of being dropped by air
into strategic combat zones.
The design represents a con-
siderable modification of ra-
dar devices already opera
tional with in the Army.
EIeven-Mile Range
The radar set will be in
stalled in an armored per-
sonnel carrier. a tracked am
phibious vehicle, and offers
great mobility and protection
for surveillance purposes.
The ability to tell the diff
ference between a man or a
woman as much as q mile
away depends on an average
distance between the walks
Of the two sexes and the re-
Election Of waves from the
moving legs. This is possible
because a woman's steps nor
mally are shorter and quicker
than those Of a mans. It is
highly unlikely, of course,
that there ever will be many
women in a front-line battle
area.
The unit, according to the
Army's announcement, will
have a 25-foot telescoping
antenna m ast offering
"quick-look" capability and
along-range surveillance of
moving objects within the
11-mile radius. The carrier
can attain speeds up to 40
miles an hour on land and
4 miles per hour in water,
where it might be used in
Evening star., 1961-07-22
THE POLITICAL MILL
AMP and Tuck Race for G. California
BY GOULD LINCOLN

How vulnerable is Gov. Pat
Brown, Democrat. Of Califor-
MIA? It's a prime political
question which today is agi-
tating both Democrats and
Republicans. Ranking Demo-
Gratis insist that his record
stands high-aS high as that
of any former chief execu-
tive Of the State. They say
the legislative program he
has put through is progress
sive and beneficial to the
people; that his handling of
the finances Of California
has been excellent; that the
State now has a balanced
budget and that Gov. Brown
was able to bring an $S-mil-
lion tax reduction this year.
These same Democrats ad-
NIT he has lost popularity
during the first and second
years Of his incumbency.
They liken this loss to that
which Gov. Nelson A. Rookie
feller. Republican Of New
York, suffered after he took
office in 1859. They insist
that just as Gov. Rookie
feller has regained lost
ground, so has Gov. Brown.
They wind up with the COM
ment that Gov. Brown is
stronger than he was two or
three months ago, and will
continue to gain strength,
and that the party organiza-
tion is stronger than it has
ever been.
The ideas Of the California
Republicans are different.
They believe Gov. Brown can
be defeated, if he tries for
reelection next year. He has
not yet announced. Further,
they believe this defeat can
be accomplished handily by
former Vice President Nixon,
should he become eventually
the COP. candidate, but
that if Mr.. Nixon does not
run, there are three or four
other Republicans in the
State who can defeat Gov.
Brown. Among them are
Mayor George Christopher
of San Francisco, former
Gov. Goodwin Knight, and
the man whom Gov. Brown
defeated in 1858, former Sen
ator Knowland. There are
others, including former 1t.
Gov. Harold Powers, and Jo-
Seph Shell, Republican leader
of the State Assembly. Dur
ing the Eisenhower admins
tration, Mr.. Powers was for
a time General Services Ad-
miniStrator.
G. o. p. Charges
The Republicans say Gov.
Brown has become personally
unpopular; that his handling
of the CheSsman murder and
rape case was wishy-washy;
that he imposed a number of
new taxes which caused re-
sentiment; that his attempt
to play presidential politics
last year was a flop, and that
his unpopularity has been
shown by his being booed in
some large gatherings.
Some Republicans even go
so far as to express a hope
that the Democrats will not
dump" Gov. Brown and
nominate another candidate
to run for Governor. The
Democrats. for their part.
deny there is any chance
whatever of their going to an
other candidate; that they
have every confidence they
can re-elect the Governor,
and there is no Democrat of
any prominence who will seek
to wrest the nomination from
him.
Recent tests Of public sen
timent by The California Poll.
which the Republicans say
has been accurate frequently
in the past, would indicate
Evening star., 1961-07-22

ure Of The Star to at least
give token recognition to the
opposing arguments on the
issue.