davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-06-24
LETTERS TO THE STAR

another statement in your
June IA, 1861, article: You
are absolutely incorrect in
stating that a flag is flown
"a hours at the Tomb of
the Unknown Soldier in Arl-
ington Cemetery" for such
is not a fact. There is no
flag flown anywhere in Arl-
ington Cemetery except from
sunrise to Sundown; also,
the spot you refer to is more
correctly identified as THE
Tomb of the Unknowns"-or
THE Tomb of the Unknown
Soldiers" as there are now
three bodies, rather than
one. buried there.
Mildred F. CrOcker,
Evening star., 1961-06-24

throughout time, until all
the helium is exhausted.
=
Some IS hooting stars"
have been cruising around in
space for more than a billion
years.
This finding by University
of California astronomers
studying iron meteorites has
just been announced by the
Atomic Energy Commission,
under whose auspices the in
vestigationS in "cosm ic
chemistry" were carried out.
The iron meteorites are
very ancient chunks of space
material. The stone bodies
range only from 3 million to
so million years old. The two
must originate in different
parts of the galaxy, the
astronomers believe. 1t is
highly probable, according to
the Commissions report.
that the stony bodies are
broken off bits of the moon
while the iron meteorites
originate in the so-called
asteroidal belt, the 1000 or
more minor planets, some of
which weigh only a few tons,
which have independent Or
bits around the sun in a belt
between Mars and Jupiter.
Eccentric Asteroids
The orbits of asteroids,
the report points out, are ex-
tremely eccentric. The meas
urable short-lived activity,
according to the report. is
accumulated while the body
is somewhere close to the
earth's orbit while the long
lived activity is acquired
within the aSteroidal belt, or
beyond.
Thus, says the report, "a
comparison of the spacial
conStancy of cosmic radia-
ton over some 300 million
miles can be obtained. Meas
urements were performed at
the Brookhaven National
Laboratory on a meteorite
that fell in Indiana in 1859.
The 35-day argon-37 and the
260-year argon-39 were COM
pared to the production rates
of these isotopes derived
from bombarding a sample
of the meteorite. The ratio
of the two isotopes in the
sample bombarded was found
to be consistent with the
ratio determined in the me-
teorite before bombardment.
This result indicates that
cosmic rays are constant
throughout the space probed
by the meteorite,"
Evening star., 1961-06-24
Aqoinst War

Today as throughout his
tory. the persons most in
fluential in shaping their
respective country'S policies
keep finding reasons why
their fellow citizens should
remain ready to kill other
people. They see nothing ri
diculouS or irrational about
strangers without grievance
being ordered to seek mutual
destruction. On the contrary,
they believe circumstances
can render this senSeless
phenomenon logical, useful,
and necessary. Assuring the
availability Of such circum-
stances are archaic absurd
tiles like national honor, !"
spheres Of influence" "stra-
tegic materials" and bal
ance of power" which h
occupy their minds
constantly.
Only when statesmen dis
card those concepts, will
international nego tia tion
produce progress toward per-
manent peace. World leader
ship, particularly American
and Soviet, would then be-
come more receptive to the
premise that neither our
ideal Of universal freedom,
nor communism's profeSsed
goal of a classlesS society,
justifies sacrificing even one
human life.
Is this too much to expect
from supposedly sane and
civilized men and women?
Would they rather transform
the earth into q radioactive
Evening star., 1961-06-24
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Red Giant Stars May Never Die
By THOMAS R. HEINZ
Some stars apparently are

Some stars apparently are
immortal.
These are the so-called
"red giants. They are enor-
nous celestial bodies which
continue to shine as brightly
as ever when they should be
great cinders in space.
Reasons for this apparent
immortality have been deter
mined by Atomic Energy
Commission physicists work.
ing with powerful atom
smashers" at the Oak Ridge
(Tenn.) National Laboratory.
Basic Hydrogen
All stars are born as great
masses of the lightest of the
natural elements, hydrogen.
Through milleniums the hy-
drogen atoms combine to
form the second highest ele-
ment, helium. The helium
atom is almost, but not
quite, the equivalent Of four
hydrogen atoms. The minute
difference is in the form Of
energy and this energy is the
fire which keeps the stars
shining.
Helium atoms combine to
form carbon, the life ele-
ment." There is stable. ordi-
nary carbon and radioactive,
unstable carbon. This un-
stable carbon, a research
team at California Institute
of Technology demonstrated
several years ago, tends to
break down into three he
lium atoms. These. in turn,
recom zine to form new
carbon. both stable and
unstable.
Only about one in 100000
of the new carbon atoms,
Oak Ridge experiments have
demonstrated, is unstable
and will break down into he
lium again. Throughout the
process energy is released
which keeps the stars shin
ing. The action is repeated
continuously, millennium af-
ter millennium.
Because of the enormous
number of helium atoms in
red giant stars, according to
an Atomic Energy Commits
sion report on the work at
Oak Ridge, sufficient reac-
tions of this type can take
place to account for the heat
and light radiated by these
stars. Their life processes
constantly are renewed and
presumably this will continue
Evening star., 1961-06-24

The campaign for the cleo
tion of q Governor of New
York. next year is already
well underway. The Demo-
Gratis, who have no predicta-
BILE candidate. are roaming
the State attacking Gov. Mel
son A. Rockefeller. He has
announced his intention Of
seeking reelection and will
be the Republican candidate
beyond the slightest doubt,
and is not letting the grass
grow under his feet. He has
already taken to the huStingS.
travelling the State and en-
gaging in the personal politi-
cal salesmanship at which he
excels. The R Re.pub blica n
State organization, at the
same time, is laying tremen-
dous emphasis on the sue
cesses of the Rockefeller ad-
ministration. And this is a
record of which, the Republi-
cans claim, Gov. Rockefeller
can be justifiably proud.
1t is a record, incidentally,
which is in direct contrast to
that of the Wagner admins
tration of New York City
during the Mayors second
term. Mayor Robert F. Wag-
ner has now finally an
nounced, as he was expected
to do, that he will seek a
third term, provided he can
have the running mates he
has selected for other city
offices. The slate he named,
however, is little more than
a reshuffling of the old
team" with which he has
been working. And the Wag-
ner administration has been
riddled with scandals in al
most every department Of the
city government.
The Democrats have hoped
to make political hay out Of
the increased tax which Gov.
Rockefeller insisted should be
levied in 1859. The tax in
crease was resented vigor-
ouSly by some of the Republi-
cans who had supported him,
as we'll as by the Democrats.
The imposition of the addi-
tional taxes so soon after
Gov. Rockefeller was elected
in 1858 (having defeated
former De m mocratic Gov.
Averell Hartman by half
a-million votes, showed re-
markable political courage,
as well as remarkable finan-
cial foresight. This courage
and foresight have both paid
off. The tax increase issue
made against the Governor
has reached practically the
vanishing point.
When he took over the
Governors chair in Albany,
the State finances were in
bad shape, due to the Harri-
man administrations deficit
spending policy. These poll
cies had left a $700 million
budget balancing deficit.
Gov. Rockefeller felt COM
PEELED to act. AS a result, he
has put the State back on a
pay as you 60 basis, has
been able to make many and
added improvements in State
services, including aids to ed
ucation, and has made 1t pos
sible to give $3.50 million in
actual tax relief. Of which
$685. million was in income
tax relief for the people OF
the State. The Rockefeller
tax plans, enacted by the
Republican State Legislature,
have eased the tax burden on
the people in the lower in
come brackets. These groups
Evening star., 1961-06-24

De q wonderful example for
a class in elementary logic
to tear apart.
David Lawrence's column
Of June 20 strikes a nadir in
CALLING presumption. The
prop to his specious argu-
ment that office e h o / ders
should declare belief in the
existence of God is the
Shaky assertion that other
wise, the officeholder may be
someone whose ideas of mo-
rality deviate sharply from
the general standards"
What general standards?
The standards of the office
holders currently being
flushed out in Boston, Phila-
delphia, New York? They
took an oath affirming their
belief in the existence of
God; believers all. Not an
atheist in the lot, or at least
no one with the integrity of
the man whose granite con-
victions are unanimously up
held by the Supreme Court.
To guarantee freedom of
worship implies freedom not
to worship, to believe or to
disbelieve. To declare that
the founding fathers had in
mind particular churches
and church establishments"
as Mr.. Lawrence states, is to
destroy precisely what they
sought to create. A. H. b.
The Supreme Courts de-
cision invalidating, under
the First Amendment of the
Constitution, Maryland's re-
quirement that it's officers
believe in God must be caus-
ing the Founding Fathers to
turn over in their graves.
Although, as David Law
renee says in his excellent
column Of June 20, the
United States Constitution
does not mention God, the
Declaration Of Independence,
without which there would
have been no Constitution,
certainly does.
The Declarations first
paragraph refers to the
equal rights to which ma
lures God" entities men, and
its second paragraph to the
tnalienable rights with which
all men are endowed by their
Creator" The declaring
clause appeals Ito the Su-
preme Judge Of the world
for the rectitude of our in
tentionS' and pledges our
lives. our fortunes and our
sacred honor with a firm
reliance on the protection of
divine Providence"
In this setting. how could
the Founding Fathers, who
believed in and relied on
God. have had any idea that
the First Amendment would
mean that their successors
would be precluded from the
principle that belief in God
is a proper requisite for pub
lie office? E. G. M.
] am very much disap-
Evening star., 1961-06-24

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDrtters' correct
names and addresses. All let
terS are subject to condenSd-
tion. Those not used iOsn be
returned only ,Dhen accom-
panied By self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-06-24
Court Stirs Debate on Oath of Office

The Supreme Court. by its
Maryland notarial oath deci-
sion, places that State at last
within the twentieth century,
while David Lawrence, pro-
testing in his best illogical
fashion, discloses his dino
Saurian age. To those, like
him. who can ascribe morality
solely to religion, let them
recall the historical organized
crimes committed in this
country and throughout the
world In the very name of
religion. And to those who
would ascribe morality only
to the individual who pro-
fesses a belief in God, let
them be mindful of the re-
cent spectacle Of Eichmann's
swearing such a belief in
taking the witness stand dur
ing his trial for mans worst
inhumanity to mankind.
The point is, to put it
simply, that morality and
ethics are no more the ex-
elusive proprietary domain Of
the religious individual than
they are Of non-believers.
Such factors can and do ex-
iSt as well within as without
the cloth, religious institu-
tionS. and their followers.
Absence of belief is therefore,
of itself, not the hallmark of
unfitness for office or other
pursuits. Alfred H. Myers.
I would suggest that Mr..
Lawrence's article Supreme
Court on Oath of Office" is
absurd. Rarely has this
reader seen in one article so
many INTERVIEWING illogical
statements and unfounded
assumptions.
Certainly belief in God does
not preclude acceptance of
no prevalent moral code. I
know of no study which has
shown a correlation between
atheism and immortality.
Is there any evidence to
suggest that people of a given
State will respect the acts of
a State official any the less
if he is an atheist?
1t is preposterous to use an
oath for the belief in God
as a moral test; indeed, it is
preposterous to use any oath
whatsoever for such a test;
as has been pointed out, it is
quite easy to lie. Indeed such
a religious oath could only
succeed in excluding consci-
entiouS atheists from office
regardless of their compe-
tence.
I fail to see why the Su-
preme Courts decision
should make the Commu-
nists in Russia very happy"
I am sure they have some
what more important things
to worry about.
Larry Potash.
4 4 4
I read it in The Star but I
could hardly believe it. The
wild writing in David Law
rence's column on the Su-
preme Court decision in the
Torcaso case seemed pretty
far removed from reality. Too
bad school is over. It would
Evening star., 1961-06-24
THE POLITICAL MILL
Rocky Rebuilding Political Fences
BY GOULD LINCOLN

pay a lower percentage Of the
total income revenues.
Gov. Rockefeller has pushed
forward a massive aid pro-
gram for college students and
school districts. He has
mapped q billion-dollar new
campus construction program
by 1870 to meet the huge de-
mands that will be necessary
for an ever-increaSing num-
ber of candidates for college
education. State financial aid
to local school districts will
rise to 1923 million for the
1862 school year, which is
$76 million more than the AID
given these districts in tne
present school year. FurtheG,
under Rockefeller-SponsoreA
legislation a so per cent in
crease in the ceiling on re-
pay-after-graduation loans
to college students has been
authorized. This brings such
loans from an annual maxi
mum total Of 81, 900 to $500,
and for an entire college
course, from $4,000 to $500.
What has been done for edu-
cation, and is being done, in
New York shows what q State
can do without Federal fl
nancial assistance for educa-
ton, If it will. Further, it is
q strong argument against
the enactment of the Ken
nedy administration school
bill, soon to come before the
House of Representatives, a
measure which looks to the
building of more schools and
claSsroomS and also to Fed
eral aid to States for the pay
ment of teachers salaries.
The Republicans are cam
paigning, too, on the good
business climate" policies of
the Rockefeller adminiStra-
ton, which they insist have
resulted in $5-billion plant
extensions, in the creation of
100000 Jobs and in expanded
payrolls. The Republicans
say that income security has
been extended to more work.
erS, that the bar against age
bias in jobs has been widened.
that more medical care and
more low-rent housing have
been provided for the aged.
And finally, that the Cover
nor and the Republican Legis-
lature have acted to save and
improve commuter rail Serv-
ice to New York City from
Long Island, WestcheSter
County and New Jersey. These
are accomplishments which
the G. o. P. leaders insist will
pay off when it is time to
vote.
Gov. Rockefeller already
has carried his campaign into
the Syracuse area, tradition
ally Republican but where
his 1859 tax program was
strongly resented by many
in his party. He spent two
full days there and the con-
Sensus of observers was that
he had recovered virtually
all the strength he had lost
there.
The New York Governor is
taking nothing for granted
about the election next year.
He does not know, nor ap-
parently do the Democrats,
who his opponent will be
next year. But the Governor
expects to be ready for him
when selected. If he wins,
the progressive wing of the
Republican Party will have
a strong candidate for the
6. o. P. presidential nomina-
lion in 1864.
Evening star., 1961-06-24

ESAAA0~A Wv 1sAAs A-sGA "
rence'S position on the Su-
preme Court decision on the
TorcaSo notary public seal
case. I am not an atheist
and I hold no brief for the
atheists viewpoint, but I
would much rather have an
atheist for a notary public
in harmony with the separa-
ton of church and state doc
trine of the First Amend
ment than I would a Catho-
lie for President who says he
accepts the church-state sep
aration doctrine Of the First
Amendment while belonging
at the same time to a church
which has historically held
the church-st separation
doctrine in contempt.
But at the same time I
heartily applaud Mr.. Law
renee for the fine column
recently when he complete
ly unmasked the shame and
perfidy of FDR's infamous
give-away at Teheran.
Donald F. Haynes.
= 4 4
In David Lawrence's col
umn is reiterated a Sugges-
ton that a formal profess
sion of belief in God may be
taken as a measure Of a man
and hence, in this case, as a
test for public office-this
apart from the larger matter
of coercion with regard to
ones religious beliefs. If
there are any among us who
need reminding, there is
Adolf Eichmann's testimony
of June 20: Il am not bound
by any confession, but I do
believe in God"
Carl Malasky.
To paraphrase Gertrude
Stein, Religious freedom is
religious freedom is religious
freedom"
One cannot but applaud
the Supreme Courts fine
decision in the case of Roy
Torcaso, who challenged the
right of the State of Mary
land to require declaration
of belief in a supreme being
as a prerequisite to holding
public office. But it is diff
cult to reconcile this decision
with that of a few weeks
earlier regarding the Mary
land Blue Laws" prohibiting
operation of business estab-
liShments on Sunday. Indeed,
the Court, in the Torcaso
case, reversed it's own prior
reasoning, for it had held in
the Blue Laws decision that
historical precedent for Sun
day as the Sabbath was a
basis for its opinion. In the
Torcaso ease, however, the
Court stated it had reached
its decision for Torcaso de-
spite much weight of history
on the side of religious tests.
1t is not easy to under
stand how a Court which
could arrive at so good a de-
cision on basic religious free
dom in the Torcaso case
could have decided the Blue
Laws issue in the way it did.
Mary-ElIen Sayre.
Evening star., 1961-03-28

Next came his electric re-
frigerator.
In 1899 he became a pioneer
in the American manufacture
Of small automobiles when his
CroSley Motors started produc-
ing the pint-Sized Crosley.
Some Crosleys still are seen on
the streets, although they
never became q popular car.
Prior to that Crosley had de-
veloped an interest in baseball,
A banking syndicate held g
large financial interest in the
Reds, and the future Of the
franchise was in doubt in 1884
when Crosley bought the club
BY 1899 the Reds, under CroS-
ley's ownership, had brought
Cincinnati its first National
League pennant since 1919
The team won again in l94C
and went on to take the worlc
championship.
He made Cincinnati the first
team In the major leagues tc
install lights and play night
baseball.
Crosley was married foul
times. Two of his former wives
still are living. es>
Evening star., 1961-03-28

but a week ago he played Sec
ond base for the New York "B"
team against the Senators at
Pompano Beach.
That's the only time I saw
him." Doherty stated, but I
was very impressed with his
fielding, his bat and his speed"
Door Not Slammed
The Yankee twosome, it is
believed, offered Infielder Fritz
Brickell or Catcher Jesse
Gonder for Long, who batted
1866 for New York late in the
1860 season after being acquired
from the San Francisco Giants.
I'D rather not mention the
names Of our players who were
involved in the talk" Doherty
said, "but I was not and am
not interested in Brickell or
Gonder.
mo, I wouldn't say the door
between us and the Yankees
was slammed tight" Ed said in
reply to a question. 1--WE hope
to reopen negotiations later. I
think that goes for the Yam
KEGS, too."
Doherty also smoked the
peace pipe with Hamey, whom
he criticized for failure to send
any regulars with the Yankee
"B" team that played the SEN
ators last Tuesday. "It was all
q misunderstanding" Doherty
said. "Hamey really is a nice
fellow, but he was in q spot.
Next year there won't be any OF
this "B" squad business"
Evening star., 1961-03-28
Senators 3 Cotchers
CIout Back at Critics

in the ninth put the Senator's
ahead, 5-4, but Detroit tied it
in its half of the ninth and
won it in the 10th on Sisters
wildneSs.
Dave, counted on as q top
relief pitcher, lost his control
with one out and Dick Gernert
on first base after a single. Two
wild pitches put Gernert on
third. Sisler struck out George
Thomas and, after a confer
ence with Dotterer and Mana
ger Mickey Vernon, filled the
bases Intentionally on two
walks. II appeared to be good
strategy. The men who walked
Andy Kosco and Harry Chit
had five hits and three runs
batted in between them.
The next batter was the
pitcher, Gordon Seyfried. SisleI
walked him on five pitches.
A pair Of, infield errors that
let in two unearned runs didn't
help the Senator's. but they got
three unearned ones in return
you don't mind getting beat
so much" Coach Rollie HENS
ley said. "but It sure hurts
when you beat yourself"
Vernon Not Upset
Vernon was not at. all dis
aurbed by Sisters wildness.
mo indeed" he said. Dawes
q good relief pitcher. Hell
help us more than he'll hurt
US. We know he has wild
streaks, but he'll be all right" /"
NOTES: Phil Regan, who
restricted the Senators to five
hits and no runs in the seven
innings he worked, Is being
counted on as a solid starter
by Manager Bob Scheffing
Regan. "a. spent most Of last
season with Denver.
The Senators have signed an
other player for their Pensa-
cola club = Second Baseman
Roger Lacny, former All Cath
olic. All-City and All-State
player at st. Rita High in
Chicago.
People in Washington who
wish to sell or rent housing
facilities to Senators players
should not call the ball park
office, but should get in touch
with Buddy Wilson at LO
1855. The club has assigned
this chore to the firm for which
Buddy works.
Evening star., 1961-03-28
BAT FRAGMENT BREAKS Jaw
Cardinals Stunned
By Loss of Jackson

and Del Rice powered the
Angels to their win over the
Indians. who got circuit shots
from Tito Francona and Don
billiard.
Norm Siebern's base-loaded
single gave the AS the clincher
against the Yankees In their
extra inning contest.
Evening star., 1961-03-28
IRATE AT SLIGHT OF TEAM
6Cincinnoti Students
Held in Outbreak

COLUMBUS, Ohio, Mar. %
,(AP) Ohio State University
police arrested six University
of Cincinnati students last
night and charged them with
malicious destruction Of prop
erty. More than a dozen build
ings were smeared with a COM
bination of red lipstick. black
liquid shoe polish and red hair
dye.
The incident followed q
rowdy demonstration in Gin
cinnati, deriding Gov. Michael
v. Disable. The students felt
he slighted the schools NCAA
champion basketball team.
Cincinnati defeated Ohio
State University last Saturday
in Kansas City for the NCAA
title, but the Governor met
the Ohio State team on its
return to Columbus Sunday
night and proclaimed the
coaches and the players AL.
Americas and the team the
seasons All-America squad.
The demonstration in Gin.
cinnati had started with a rela.
lively sedate hanging OF tn,
Governor in effigy outside {
campus fraternity. house, but
before it was over it spread tc
downtown Cincinnati.
The students arrested ant
held in the Columbus Cit.
Prison were Frederick NJ. Ash
10, Of Columbus; John c
Grebb, 18, of Cincinnati; Doug.
las Waldorf. 10, Of Belmont
N. Y; Larry w. Hutfles, 18, D.
Hamilton; Theodore r. Har'
less, 81. of Harrison, and Lud'
low King, III, 10, Of Chev!
Chase, Md.
| Buildings srneared with thl
+ "a = Fl