davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-03-21
BudgetReport
Due on Friday
BY GARNETT d. HORNER
Star Staff Writer

President Kennedy told
Democratic congressional lead
ers today that he plans to send
a budget message to the Capt.
tol Friday covering all his
spending plans for the next fis-
cal year except defense.
House Speaker Rayburn said
he understood the Friday
budget would be balanced, but
that Mr.. Kennedy would ask
for increased defense spending
next week that would throw the
total budget into the red.
The Kennedy messages will
outline revisions Of the budget
estimates submitted to Con-
gresS in January by former
Pre- sident Eisenhower, who
forecast a SIS billion surplus.
Mr.. Kennedy is reported
planning to ask for at least 81
billion in deficit defense spend
ing to step up missile programs
and strengthen the Army and
Marine Corps to help meet
threats of limited war.
Senate Democratic Leader
Mansfield told reporters that
Mr.. Kennedy, in a special mes
sage to Congress tomorrow, will
call for greater Capitalization
of foreign aid activities under
the State Department to do
away with some of the "dupli-
cation, overlapping and waste
evident in the past during both
Republican and Democratic
administrations"
Senator Mansfield also said
the foreign aid message would
propose that military assistance
programs be put into the De-
tense Department budget.
Evening star., 1961-03-21

human habitations more COM
monty and in larger numbers
than any other animal.
The significance Of the
study. he added. is in the pos
sibility that other viruses as
sociated with the mouse may
infect humans. And, he con-
tinued, the mouse shares more
viruses with man than it does
with its brother rodents.
Evening star., 1961-03-21
Peel Talked of Suicide
On Plane, 7 rial Is Told

FORT PIERCE, Fla, Mar.
81 (APl.-When the Chilling
worth murder mystery was
broken. Joseph A. Peel, jr.,
considered committing suicide
by blowing up a commercial
airliner, a business associate
testified at Peel's trial today.
The witness, Donald Miles,
also testified that Peel threat
ened the life Of John Peel. his
brother.
Mr.. Miles said he drove Peel
out Of the State after they
heard on a television broadcast
that Floyd Holzapfel had con-
feSsed the Chillingworth kill
ings and implicated Peel.
Joe was very upset." Mr..
Miles testified. "He said the
best way out for him was to
commit suicide. First, he talked
about taking poison.
Then he said, mo, to get
the insurance for Imogene (his
'wife) I would rather get on a
plane and blow it up He asked
me If I knew anything about
rigging a bomb"
Later, when they reached
Chattanooga. Tenn, on the
flight from Florida, Mr.. Miles
said Peel stopped talking about
suicide and asked Mr.. Miles if
he would set up an alibi for
him in the killings of Circuit
Judge C. E. Chillingworth and
his wife Marjorie in 1855.
Peel was trapped in a hotel
in Chattanooga by Florida Of
ficers and brought back to face
q charge Of being an accessory
before the fact. a capital crime.
He is accused of hiring Holzapfel
and Bobby Lincoln to do the
killings.
Before the solution Of the
Evening star., 1961-03-21

studies have shown no signs
of the virus in man.
But, he noted, the possibil-
ity cannot be completely ruled
out. He said the common house
mouse seems to be the polyoma
virus natural host. When tho
virus is injected into hamsters
it causes cancer tumors. How
ever, after a couple Of months
scientists can find no sign of
the virus which has done its
damage and fled.
Mus musculus, the old house
mouse. has lived with man for
centuries, he said, and shares
Evening star., 1961-03-21

mystery, Mr.. Miles said Peel,
former city judge of West Palm
Beach, once boasted:
WHO would think that Don
Miles. a plumber, would be as
sociated with a man like me
who pulled the biggest unsolved
crime in the State of Florida?"
Evening star., 1961-03-21
Mouse Cancer Virus
Abundant Nearby
BY CHARLES G. BROOKS
Star staff Writer

ST PETERSBURG, Mar IA common mouse virus, used
experimental in rodents has been found abun
danty in Maryland farm buildings and grain mills Wash
ngon we'll in New York City ms Bethesda scientist
said yesterday.
Dr. Robert Huebner the National Institute Of Alergy
Evening star., 1961-02-19
THE NATIONAL SCENE
The Action Is All One-Sided

President Kennedy last week
sought to stir Capitol Hill to
action on his anti-recesSiOn
program. Result: Although
most committees organized and
some hearings got underway in
the House, Congress at weeks
end still appeared to be stuck
in low gear.
For the first time in six years,
the United States has undivided
Government. The White House
and the Congress are controlled by
the same party.
This being the case, one might
expect that when the new Presi-
dent. John F. Kennedy, sets forth
to do battle with a serious busi-
ness recession, he would receive
a large measure Of prompt con-
gressional cooperation.
AS winter wears on, however,
there is little evidence Of any
inclination to rush through the
bills Mr.. Kennedy feels are neces-
sary II the slump is to be halted
and economic growth expanded.
On the contrary. Congress has
seemed to be in semi-receSs. Most
of the House committees, six weeks
after the session opened, have just
got around to organizing. The
key Ways and Means group finally
opened hearings on the admin
istration bill to extend unemploy-
ment compensation and the Labor
Committee started on the mini
mum wage.
Evening star., 1961-02-19
A Compromise

The Congressional Quarterly,
after thorough analysis of voting
records, contended that every vote
would count on the Kennedy well
fare bills.
It said that if one assumed that
the depressed area. minimum wage
and school aid bills reach the
floor in substantially the same
form they took last year. and
further assumes that all members
take the same positions they took
in 1860 or, in the case Of new
members, positions consistent with
their votes on enlarging the Rules
Committee, the House would re-
ject all three measures.
Mr.. Kennedy, who is being
charged by Republicans with TAX
ing the risk of talking the coun-
try into depression" is not only
interested in ending the recession.
He wants, concurrently. to lay the
groundwork for expanding eco
nomic growth.
Last week, he set out to WOO
industry. Speaking before q Ma
tional Industrial Conference
Board meeting, the President en-
phasized that Government and
business were necessary partners,
that Government depended on
Continued on Page CA
Evening star., 1961-02-19

criticized the administrations
minimum wage proposal of rs
cent-an-hour increase in three
steps over a two-year period as
too little, too slowly.
But this is perhaps an exercise
OF the time-tested collective bar
gaining strategy which holds that
a good offense is the best defense.
Chairman Powell of the Labor
Committee made it clear that he
felt the administration should
have asked for a greater increase
so that later compromises do not
cut too deep"
Last year, the House "compro-
missed" for a bill which would have
raised minimum wages to $l.l5-
an-hour. The measure died in
joint conference. With the con-
servative Republican Southern
Democratic coalition even stronger
in this Congress. the administra-
ton obviously has an uphill fight
on its hands.
Evening star., 1961-02-19
Hopeful Factors

The confused developments Of
the week were not clear enough
yesterday to indicate any particu-
lar one of these dangerous pos
Sibilities. The situation was q
boiling one in which anything
could happen. Fortunately. how
ever, there were few hopeful fac
tors to be found amid the debris.
To State Department officials
and to diplomats in Washington
embassies from both East and
West. the most encouraging aspect
Of an otherwise frightening situa-
ton was the continuing restraint
and respectful caution existing be-
tween the Soviet Union and the
new Kennedy administration.
Despite attacks on the "im-
perialists" in general which
reached new levels of vituperation,
even for the slogap-makers Of the
Kremlin, 1t was notable that So
Wet blasts refrained from singing
out the United States as the chief
culprit. This was taken to mean
that Mr.. Khrushchev will pursue
his patient maneuvering for an
eventual detente with the United
States, that he was not ready to
abandon hopes for peaceful CO.
existence.
Evening star., 1961-02-19
Can We Afford 1T?

Representative Stratton. a New
York Democrat and a member
of the liberal minority. last week
told his constituents in a news
letter:
$50 far. all Of the action has
been on the Presidents end {.
after five long weeks not a
single piece of major legislation
has passed. Some of us, frankly,
are getting a bit impatient. In
deed, wonder if the country it.
self can really afford such a
leisurely pace"
The assertion that all the real
action has been on Mr.. Kennedy's
part, can easily be documented.
The stream Of messages and leg
islative proposals the President
has sent to Congress-covering
such things as medical aid to chill
dren. and the aged, higher mini
Evening star., 1961-02-19
Colonial Forces

And it became quickly apparent
that the forces of colonialism had
not given up entirely. Belgian,
British and French interests In
Katanga's rich mining industry
were accused, with considerable
evidence, Of attempting to bring
about a sort Of eo-colonialism"
to replace the long rule Of Brus-
sells.
On the other side. the period Of
Lumumba's rule brought undeni-
able evidence Of powerful Commu-
mist influences in his regime. AS
the firebrand Patrice moved closer
and closer to the Communist bloc.
his Congolese political enemies
sought aid from the West to clip
his wings.
The Western influences sue
ceeded when then Col. Joseph
Mobutu, a former Force Publique
commissioned officer. used
part Of the army to put Lumumba
under house arrest, dissolve the
pro-Lumumba Parliament. and
set up a government" of young
college graduates to try to restore
Evening star., 1961-02-19
THE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
The Desperate Need for Congo Sanity

The murder Of ex-PremieF
Patrice Lumumba in the COngO's
Katanga Province brought new
violence, the threat Of aII-Out
civil war, and q renewed Soviet
attack on United Nations
Secretary General Dag Ham
mArskjold.
The brief political career Of
Patrice .Lumumba, the former
postal clerk who became for q
turbulent few weeks the first
Premier Of the newly independent
Congo. ended in the jungles Of
Katanga last Sunday when he and
two aides were shot to death, the
Katanga authorities said, by vii
layers.
Whatever the actual circum-
stances of the fiery Lumumba's
demise (there were few who
accepted the official government
statement), his murder set off q
chain reaction that threatened to
explode into a major world crisis.
AS the week ended in a tangle
Of mob violence, more murders.
deeper chaos in the Congo and the
shattered glass, burned automo-
biles and broken furniture Of a
dozen Belgian and American en-
bassies in as many nations, the
big question was:
What happens next?
Evening star., 1961-02-19
India for u. N.

India, leading neutralist in the
u, N. councils, not only rejected
the Soviet demands, but called for
a much-increased U. N. effort in
the Congo. Prime Minister Nehru
and Ambassador Krishna -Menon,
while deploring the murder of Lu-
mumba whose regime India has
supported, nevertheless urged a
much larger mandate for the
U. N. in the Congo. New Delhi
offered to furnish combat troops
in quantity If the U. N. emergency
forces were given the task of
pacification!
The United Arab Republic, Lii
IBERIA, and Ceylon submitted
resolution authorizing u. N. use
Of force in preventing civil war
in the Congo. Yesterday there
Continued on Page CA
Evening star., 1961-02-19
Thecommission

The commission. in Leopold
vile since December, is headed
by Nigeria's able and eloquent
economics minister, Jaja Anucha
Wachuku. The decision to recon-
mend recognition Of the Kasavubu
regime was not unanimous, since
Ghana and Morocco, members of
the commission, have already rec
ogniZed the Gizenga government.
Within a few days the mem
bers Of the commission will fly to
Geneva to draft final report to
the General Assembly. Enough
progress has been made on q
round table" conference to assure
that. If all-out civil war does not
erupt before that date. repre-
sentatives of the rival regimes and
Of tribal groups will meet on
March in Elisabethville, capital
Evening star., 1961-02-19
The Demonstrations

The demonstrations, obviously
well-planned and organized, were
led by several New York groups,
predominantly Negro. The BLACK
Muslims," Liberation Committee
for Africa, United African Ma
tionalist Movement, and other
Harlem organizations were named
as the chief organizers.
Mr.. Stevenson completed his
eloquent and forceful address, in
which he said bluntly that the
Soviet statement on Lumumba,
and the resolution on the Congo
submitted by Mr.. zorin, con-
stituted a declaration of war"
on the U. N. He called for a
strengthening of the U. N. role
in the embattled African republic
and for full support of the Secre-
tary- General in his difficult task.
Mr.. Hammarskjold himself. US
ually quiet and reserved. defended
the U. N. mission vigorously and
informed the Soviet bloc that he
would not be intimidated into re-
signing. He would remain at his
post, he declared. as long as the
U. N. wanted him to. The three
man executive proposed by the
Soviet Union, he again declared
as he had last September. would
paralyze the U. N. at its most
critical moment.
BY the end of the week. the in
dications were that the Soviet
bloc might have overplayed its
hand. 1t was apparent that the
support Mr.. Zorin had counted on
from Afro-Asian nations in the
attack on Mr.. Hammarskjold and
the Congo operation was not to
be as reliable as expected.
Evening star., 1961-02-19

week, he pressed this method. For
example, he ordered the Defense
Department to accelerate procure
ment and construction.
The President also has used his
high office to dramatic the extent
of the recession and the need to
take corrective action. His dis
patch of Labor Secretary Goldberg
ON a fact-finding tour of depressed
areas in five States is a case in
point. So is his exploitation Of
televised news conferences for
speaking to millions and millions
of Americans,
Evening star., 1961-02-19

promptly recognized as the legiti-
mate government of the Congo
by the Communist bloc Of nations
and by. the United Arab Republic,
Ghana. Guinea, YugoSlavia. Mo-
rocco. Mali and Cuba. IndoneSia
and Ceylon are reported ready to
extend recognition. A
The United Nations Cancellation
Commission in Leopoldville. striv-
ing determinedly to effect q
round table" conference Of the
many Congolese political and
tribal factions. recommended
Thursday to the U. N. that the
Kasavubu regime, headed by Pre-
'mier leo, be recognized as the
legitimate government Of the
Congo.
Evening star., 1961-02-19
Congress- Role

Last Monday, Mr.. Kennedy took
still another approach. He in
vited his congressional leaders to
the White House for breakfast. He
obviously hoped they would catch
his anti-recession fever. carry it
back to Capitol Hill and start an
epidemic.
Speaker Rayburn was impressed.
When the congressional leaders
attended their first White House
meeting with Mr.. Kennedy. they
disclosed that. unlike their Re
publican counterparts during the
Eisenhower administration, they
would leave all the talking to the
President and his press secretary,
Pierre Salinger.
This resolve vanished on Mon
day. Mr.. Rayburn characterized
the present economic situation as
1.-The most urgent since the great
depression" of the 30s and told
reporters that the Democratic
leadership in Congress would do
all it could to push through the
Kennedy program rapidly.
BY the end of the week, Mr..
Rayburn had at least got things
started, with the Labor and Ways
and Means Committees hearings.
But with the Washington Birth
day holiday and Jefferson-Jack-
son dinners coming up, the con-
gressional pace may not begin to
quicken until early March.
Getting the Congress to consider
the Kennedy program is, Of
course, just the first step. Getting
its approval will be difficulty of
all entirely different-and greater
order of magnitude.
Liberal groups, such as the ADA
and AFL- CIO, already have
Evening star., 1961-02-19
The Possibilities

There were some awesome
possibilities.
Nothing since World War II, not
even Korea, has posed so immedi-
ate q threat to the peace Of the
world as the shambleS Of the
Congo could present if revenge
rather than conciliation prevails.
Diplomats pointed out these pos
sible results. among others no less
foreboding: rs.
J.. Civil war In the Congo be-
tween the Lumumba followers,
now led by his Vice Premier,
Antoine Gizenga, and the forces
and tribes loyal to President
Joseph Kasavubu;
2. An attack by the we'll
armed and well-financed Ka-
tanga constabulary, Belgian
differed and repeatedly supplied
with modern weapons, including
new jet fighter planes, by Bel
gium and France. on the
LumuInba forces, which now
control roughly one-third Of
the Congo's vast area;
3. Another Korea-type war,
with the Communist bloc sup
porting Gtzenga Lumumba
forces with arms, money and
perhaps officers. and the West
backing President Kasavubu
and Premier Joseph neo's con-
tingents;
&. Partition Of the Congo into
three or possibly four parts. each
bitterly hostile to the other.
This could create a cold-war
cockpit, with the rich Katanga
Province on the far right, the
Kasavubu areas somewhere in
the middle-right. and the
Gizenga -Lumumba areas off in
political left field;
5. A shattering blow to the
prestige and effectiveness Of the
United Nations. in all proba-
bility q setback from which that
international organization could
not hope to recover;
6. Political chaos in most Of
Africa's brand-new nations, just
beginning to grope their way
through the international jungle,
caused by the infectious spread
Of anti-white and nti-Western
terror, already present. If some
times latent. in all the former
colonial dependencies.
Evening star., 1961-02-19
Moscow's Course

If this Interpretation is correct.
and there is every reason to assume
that it is for the present at least,
then it would seem very likely
that Moscow would stop short Of
any action in the Congo that
would force a showdown.
Other factors that lend a bit
Of light to an otherwise dark and
dreary debacle can be found in
the official reactions among some
key neutralist nations, notably
India, to the Lumumba murder
and the Congo chaos-they are
treading carefully and deliber-
ately, obviously hoping for paci-
fication and conciliation.
In the Congo itself. Mr.. Gil
Eenga's regime, established in the
Lumumba stronghold of Stanley
vile in Oriental Province, was
Evening star., 1961-02-19

order and function to the para
lyzed nation.
The U. N. intervened to pre-
serve some semblance of peace.
Lumumba was protected by Ghana
units Of the U. N. force in his
official residence in Leopoldville,
but he escaped and attempted to
reach his home bastions in STAN
leyville. He was recaptured by the
Kasavubu forces, beaten thor
oughly. and jailed at Thysville, an
army garrison. After a brief army
mutiny aroused fears that he
would escape again he was flown
to Katanga. where his arch-enemy
Premier Noise Tshombe guaran-
teed he wouldn't get away. Some
body's bullet made the guarantee
final.
Thus the Congo situation has
become, like Korea, Wet Nam,
Laos and other areas, battle
ground Of the cold war. To the
Communists and some neutralist
ASian-African nations, the GO
lonialists and imperlialists" are
attempting to deprive the Con-
golese Of their true independence.
To the Western nations, world
communism is trying to establish
a new beachhead in emerging
Africa.
At his press conference Wednes-
day. President Kennedy warned
that the United States would OPP
pose resolutely any unilateral at
tempt to intervene in the Congo.
The United States. he said SOL
EMMY, would defend the charter
Of the United Nations and pro-
mote only U. N. intervention in
Congo affairs. Massive unilateral
action by any nation, he eau
toned. meant "riSks of war"
Evening star., 1961-02-19
Violent Words

The violent tone of the Soviet
statement was called appalling"
by American officials at the U. N.
and in the State Department.
President Kennedy, Ambassador
to the U. N. Adlai Stevenson and
Chairman Pulbright of the Senate
Committee on Foreign Relations
warned quickly that the Soviet
assault amounted to clear threat
to the continued existence of the
u. N. Senator Fulbright pointed
out the dangerous implications in
the Moscow action: IF they per-
sist." he declared, they can ef-
fectively neutralize, if not destroy,
the U. NJ" This. he warned, would
be "a tragedy, especially for the
smaller countries whose main pro-
lection is the q. N"
The Security Council on
Wednesday was the scene Of the
worst disorder ever to occur at
the usually peaceful U. N. build
ings. While Mr.. Stevenson. was
addressing the Council In his first
formal speech as the new United
States delegate. about Is specta-
tors seated in the visitors gallery
and some go persons ostensibly
waiting in line outside staged q
violent demonstration in favor of
the dead Lumumba.
Those outside rushed the doors,
overpowering the few unarmed
guards. Mr.. Stevenson looked on
in calm amazement as guards and
demonstrators fought each other
to the floor In the august Council
chamber. Police and guard re-
Inducements finally cleared the
rooms and subdued the rioters;
later mounted New York police
headed off q march on Times
Square.
Evening star., 1961-02-19

OF secesSionist Katanga. But there
is no assurance as Of now that
the Communist-oriented Mr.. Gil
zenga will have any part Of the
conference.
The Congo situation became a
major international issue and
Evening star., 1961-02-19

near-anarchy. political and tribal
factions. traditionally bitter en-
emies. struggled for power. The
Congolese army. once the we'll
disciplined Force Publique but
now without its Belgian officers,
diSintegrated into bands of armed
and lawlesS looters. Outrages of
every description were perpetrated
by wandering bands of soldiers on
the remaining Europeans in the
new republic.
Evening star., 1961-02-19

mum wages to more workers and
jobless PAYS one segment Of his
effort.
His direct executive action to
inject more money into the Ma
Evening star., 1961-02-19

The Week in Perspective
EDWIN TRIBBLE, Editor
Fred Theroux, Foreign
l.. Edgar Prina, National
Evening star., 1961-02-19

new crisis in the long cold war
last summer. Independence on
July l was accompanied immedi-
ately by a general breakdown Of
government functions. Communi-
cations-posts, telegraph. rail-
roads-almost ceased to function.
Evening star., 1961-09-29

ticket window handed it over
L to his father.
2. If the airlines want to i'm
pose no-show penalties on pas
Sengers, they must also be pre-
pared under the CAB rules
against double standards to pay
similarly stiff penalties for
over-sales for selling more
tickets than there are seats
available.
3. The airline president said
"in very general terms" that
there is too much competition,
but made no mention of where
it exists. In view of this, the
CAB will try to establish a set
of principles on the issue OF
elimination of excessive compe-
tition, wh e her by mergers,
route exchanges or route ad-
justmentS.
4. Some airlines in interna-
tional service may be unable to
continue operating without
some pooling of equipment and
Evening star., 1961-09-29

the reserved space is claimed.
CAB Chairman Alan S. Boyd
told a news conference yester-
day after the day-long discus
sions with the Is airline presi-
dents, that any no-show penalty
adopted should be stiff enough
to hurt.
Mr.. Boyd said a $3-a-ticket
penalty imposed by the air.
lines some years ago and then
dropped was too light to be
effective.
Mr.. Boyd also reported that:
l. Nobody in the industry
likes the new reduced youth
fares that most of the airlines
have adopted for a six-month
test. Each airline president
had a different story to tell or
how the youth plan was being
violated by a ''lot of young and
not so young people," A typical
incident: A fuzy-cheeked youth
bought his special low-fare
ticket, and after leaving the