davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-09-05

tains many instances where an
insurgent victory has meant a
change in bosses but not in the
system.
Both Sides Risk Much
Whatever the long-term re-
suits, both sides are risking
much of their current power in
Thursdays voting. The re-
formers, who now have about
one-fourth Of the votes on the
Manhattan Democratic Com
mittee, can conceivably take
over Tammany Hall if their
own candidates for district
leadership and their new ally,
Mayor Wagner, run we'll in the
primary and he wins re-elec-
ton in November.
On the other hand, they can
lose much of what they have
+ gained ever the past four years
if State Controller Arthur
Levitt, the organization choice,
leads the regulars" to a sweep
on Thursday.
Victory over Mr.. De Sapio
Thursday, coupled with re-elec-
ton Of Mayor Wagner, would
make Mr.. Lanigan a major
force in New York Democratic
politics, perhaps even the new
head of Tammany Hall. Such
a combination of events would
finish off Mr.. De Sapio as a
political power, even if he re-
tained his seat on the Demo-
cratic National Committee for
the next three years, as he
could legally do.
Fewer than 10000 voters will
decide the Lanigan-De Sapio
race, but it is no exaggeration
to say that politicians across
the Nation will be watching to
see how Greenwich Village
votes.
Evening star., 1961-09-05
KennedYHere,
HoIdsParIeys
On A-PoIicies
BY the Associated Press

BY the Associated Press
President Kennedy returned
to Washington today from a
week end on Cape Cod ana
plunged Immediately into cor
| ferenceS on United States
atomic policy in the light of
RuSsia'S new testing of nuelear
1 devices. III
He met for IS minutes at the
White House With DR.. Glenn T.
Seaborg, chairman of the
Atomic Energy Commission,
and Roswell L. Gilpatric. Dep
uty Secretary of Defense. who
substituted for Secretary Nc
ENamara.
The Presidents plane landed
at Andrews Air Force Base at
1921 am. after a 54-minute
flight. He reached the White
House by helicopter is minutes
later.
Fog Changed Plan
Mr.. Kennedy's Air Force Jet
took off from Otis Air Force
Base at 9:37 am. Fog had pre-
vented the Presidents usual
helicopter hop from his sum-
mer home in HyanniS Port,
Mass.
Mr.. Kennedy made the 18-
mile trip to the air base by
automobile.
The fog had broken by the
time Mr.. Kennedy, accom-
panied by his brother, Attorney
General Robert F. Kennedy,
arrived at the base.
In the long -Labor-Day week
end on Cape Cod, Mr.. Kennedy
managed to get in a cruise each
afternoon, but the ceaseless
problems of a President trailed
him through the mist on Nam
tucket Sound.
With Mrs. Kennedy, daugh-
ter Caroline and his father,
Joseph P. Kennedy, the Chief
Executive was anchored off a
spot called Dead Neck when
the Cape Cod White House
flashed word yesterday after
noon that Russia had detonated
tits second nuclear device since
breaking a three-year test en-
barge.
Gets Full Report
The 52-foot cruiser Marlin
lifted anchor and returned to
shore. where Mr.. Kennedy re-
ceived full account of United
States information on the test
shot over Central Asia from
Maj. Gen. Chester V. Clifton
his military aide.
Mr.. Kennedy held back i'm
mediate comment on the at
mospheric test, which Russia
launched by all indications lit
tie more than IL hours after
he and British Prime Minister
Macmillan had proposed a bar
on overhead explosions that
shower the air with lethal ra-
dioactivity.
! Mr.. Kennedy, in weighing
United States policy, looked for
a detailed report on French
President de Gaulle'S position
Evening star., 1961-09-05
BRAZIL
ToIk Of Plan to Shoot Down
GouIort PIoneIs Discounted

Continued From First Page
do Sui, Mr.. GouIart's home
state. g.
News dispatches from Sac
Paulo said troop reinfofcenaentS
from the 1st and I'd Armies,
loyal to the military chiefs,
we're advancing toward the
southern state where forces
loyal to Mr.. Goulart are in
control.
News reports said some troops
had refused to move. A colonel
and his 105-man anti-aircraft
unit were arrested when they
disobeyed orders to deploy
southwark.
Col. Alencar Araraipe told his
superiors he was carrying out
wishes Of his officers and SER
geants. He said he was "inter-
preting as well public opinion
ofsthe state of Sac Paulo and
alt Brazil to avoid bloodshed
between brothers and fulfill the
sovereign decision of the ma
tional congress and Brazilian
people"
J No Fighting Reported
The colonel declared, how
ever, that he would resist or
ders only by peaceful means.
No fighting has yet been re-
ported between the armies to
the north and the rebel forces
of the rebel Sd Army under
Gen. Jose Machado LopeS. .
CA broadcast by the pro-
Goulart r a dio Legality in
Forte Allegro heard in Buenos
Aires contended the air force
rebels are the same elements
that started a pocket revolt
during the regime of former
President JuScelino Kubits-
chek.
(Mr. Goulart served as vice
president under Mr.. Kubits-
chek and was opposed by
military chiefs then because
of his leftiSt views.)
Mr.. Goulart had made plans
to fly here to be sworn in after
the nations three military
chiefs agreed to let him be-
come a figurehead President
under a new parliamentary
system vesting the real power
in a Prime Minister elected by
Congress.
1t had been expected that
Mr.. Goulart would be inaug-
urated sometime this week to
succeed Janio Quadros, whose
resignation in huff August Is
touched off the prolonged crisis
and brought the nation close
to civil war.
The three service chiefs had
blocked Mr.. Goulart's success
sion, contending his leftist ten
denotes would open the way to
Co m unist turmoil.
Evening star., 1961-09-05
MonviIIe in Hospital
With Blood Infection

NEW YORK, Sept. S (AP)
Millionaire Tommy Manville,
66, is in good condition at Doc
tors Hospital, the hospital re-
ported today.
His 18th wife, the former
Christina Erdlen, 81, said yes
terday he had been in the hos
pital six days with a blood in
fection.
She said the asbestos heir
was hospitalized at White
Plains, N. Y, eight weeks age
after he began running high
fevers. His weight had dropped
from 155 to 1873 and he felt
pretty discouraged" about his
illness, his wife said.
Evening star., 1961-09-05
Soviet PLEDGE
Lasts 7 Years
BY the Associated Press


Precisely two years and four
days before last Fridays So
Wet nuclear blast, the Com
muniSt nation said it would
never conduct any nuclear
weapons tests so long as the
Western powers also refrained.
Tass. the official Russian
news agency, reported on Au-
gust %, 1859, that the Soviet
Council of Ministers had taken
that decision. 1t added:
only in case of resumption
by them (the Western powers
of nuclear weapons tests will
the Soviet Union be free from
this pledge"
More recently, Soviet Pre-
mier Khrushchev himself had
underscored Russia's policy on
testing in these words: THE
first government to resume
tests will bear a grave respon-
sibility to mankind" That
Khrushchev statement was
made only last year.
Two Blasts Since Friday
In the face Of those commit
ments, the first new Russian
shot was fired last Friday, fol-
lowed by a second blast yes
terday.
The Moscow declaration was
issued in response to American
and British announcements
that the two nations were ex-
tending the Western ban on
nuclear tests at least for the
rest of the year 1859. Actually
it has continued informally
ever since, except for Frances
independent trials in the
Sahara.
Last weeks Soviet announce
ment of a decision to resume
testing seized on the French
activities as one reason for the
shift. 1t also accused the United
States of maneuvering to re-
sumo tests.
Prior to Fridays shot, no So
Wet nuclear explosions had
been detected by the West since
November 3, 1858. The 1859
Soviet statement said weapons
tests had been unilaterally
halted in the Soviet Union
since March 81, 1858.
Talks Stalemated
The formal ban on United
States tests was announced on
August %, 1858, and was to
continue for one year from the
time of the start of Geneva
conferences aimed at a British
French-Soviet agreement on a
continuing Stoppage. Those
talks opened on October l.,
1858.
The statement from the So
Wet Council of Ministers
coupled the pledge on testing
to the Kremlin's campaign for
a complete ban on all nuclear
weapons trials.
The Geneva talks have con-
tinued but have been stale
mated by Soviet rejection of
the Vests demands for inSpec-
ton and verification to make
sure there was no cheating.
Evening star., 1961-09-05
DE SAPIO
Ex-D. c. Man DueIs
Tommony's Boss

erShip a dozen years ago, Or
dered use of voting machines
in party primaries, instituted
the direct election of district
chairmen and put through 9TH
er reforms, his prestige among
the eggheads and liberals
scared, and he was sought as
a speaker by college groups
and civic forums.
Evening star., 1961-09-05
Red Attest Aim Seen
As Cowing of NeutroIs

GENEVA, Sept. 5 (AP.-
Western diplomats at the
Geneva stest ban conference
fear the Soviet Union may be
about to unleash a campaign of
nuclear terror to intimidate the
worlds uneommitteed nations.
They said yesterdays meet
ing Of the conference left little
hope that the Kremlin will ac-
cept the laSt-minute proposal
by the United States and
Britain to ban all nuclear ex-
plosfolls, in the atmosphere
without any special, control
machinery.
United States Dele G a t e
Charles C. Steele and Sir
Michael Wright Of Britain gave
Semyon K. Tsarapkin, their
Soviet counterpart at the con-
ference, until next Saturday
to reply to the Western offer.
The implication was that the
34-month-old conference would
collapse unless Moscow showed
some interest in the proposal.
Mr.. Tsarapkin's initial reply
indicated a Soviet rejection.
He read into the record the
6,000-word Soviet statement
issued last Thursday explaining
MoScow's reasons for resuming
tests. Careful scrutiny of it
(the statement) Mr.. Tsarapkin
said, will show the Soviet
answer to the statements which
were made by the Western
powers today"
Stand Seen Changed
Western diplomats stressed
that Moscow's decision to re-
sumo testing, and the nuclear
blasts in Siberia that followed,
made it plain that the Soviet
Union is no longer to WOO the
nonaligned countries over to
Moscow's position on testing.
The said Soviet Premier
Khrushchev may instead decide
to stage a gigantic nuclear blast
in outer space to underscore
his recent threats that his
nuclear superbombs can be de-
livered by Soviet rockets to any
point on the globe.
The sources say it would be
technically feasible for Russia
to launch a rocket into a wide
orbit around the earth, or send
it toward the moon, and then
set off its nuclear warhead for
all the worlds wavering ma
tions to see.
See No Race
These diplomats say the
Soviet government may think
such a demonstration Of Com
munist power would stampede
the nonaligned nations into
bringing overwhelming pressure
on the Western allies to give
the Russians their demands on
Germany and Berlin rather
Evening star., 1961-09-05
NUCLEAR
Continued From First Page

Continued From First Page
to his headquarters when the
Acc report reached him. An
drew Hatcher, acting White
House press secretary, then.said
the United States stills hopes
that the proposed restriction
will be accepted by Soviet Pre-
mier Khrushchev.
In Washington, the State De-
partment took the same posi-
tion and Press Officer Joseph
Reap declared the latest So
Wet nuclear detonation ZAP
pears to be an unrelated event
in view of the time element. "
The time element was this:
Last Wednesday, Moscow an
nounced that after almost three
years Of a United StateS-Brit-
h-Soviet moratorium on nu-
clear testing the Soviet govern
ment had decided to resume
tests.
On Friday, the Acc an
nounced that the first shot had
been fired. although Moscow
made no report of it at all.
| Sunday, Mr.. Kennedy and
British Prime Minister Macmil-
Ian formally proposed to Mr..
Khrushchev that the three nu-
clear powers agree to ban fur
ther bursts in the earth's at
mosphere. They set next Sat-
urday as a deadline for Mr..
Khrushchev's reply.
Thus the test firing yesterday
morning, as reported by the
Acc, came within "a hours
after the United States British
proposal was made.
The Acc statement said:
"Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg an
nounced this afternoon that the
Soviet Union conducted another
nuclear test early this morning,
again in the Semipalatinsk area
in Central Asia. The yield of
the device was in the low kilo-
ton range and the detonation
again occurred in the atmos-
phere."
The term "low kiloton range"
was not specifically defined. In
the United States, a 20-kiloton
bomb Chaving a force equivalent
to 10000 tons of TNT) is spoken
of as a nominal" nuclear
weapon. Possibly, the language
used in the Acc statement
meant the new explosion was in
the neighborhood of that size.
Officials here and at Hyannis
Port said that undoubtedly this
second shot had been planned
substantially before the Ken
nedy-M Macmillan proposition was
advanced and therefore it could
not be considered as Mr..
Khrushchev's answer. 1t was
obvious, however, that even if
he were giving the proposal
serious consideration Mr.
Khrushchev had not decided to
cancel the second shot-so in
that sense it was discouraging
/ Washington authorities have
felt for several days that the
Russians had planned several
test firings of nuclear devices.
Scientists say that a series OF
tests is necessary for the de-
velopment Of advanced nuclear
weapons. Therefore, the new
burst occasioned no great sur
prise in the United States Gov
ernment.
Moreover, a series of shots, ii
was said, serves Mr.. Khru-
shchev's purpose of brandishing
his nuclear power in order to
impress Western and neutral
nations alike with Russia's mill
tary force. His aim, the Ken
nedy administration believes, is
to strengthen through atomic
blackmail" his bargaining posi-
ton on Berlin.
Evening star., 1961-09-05
Ghunu-Soviet Pact

ACCRA, Ghana, Sept. 5 (AP)
Ghana and the Soviet Union
have signed a tentative agree
ment for construction of a
tractor assembly plant here by
the Soviets. Final agreement
rests on the outcome of a
survey.
Evening star., 1961-09-05
SCHOOLS


Richmond as So Negroes en-
tered four formerly all-white
schools. There were no Incl
dents at any of the desegre-
gated schools, the Associated
Press reported.
Three Negro pupils were due
toTenter West Point schools to-
day, but only two showed up
for class. The third, Arlette
Roach, returned to the Negro
school she attended last year
and said she wanted to be
with her friends"
Prince Edward School Foun-
dation at Farmville, Va,
opened its private segregated
classroomS today, also without
reported incident. Public
schools in the county remained
closed for the third year.
To-day marked the first time
that Montgomery County
schools have opened on a COM
plesely desegregated basis.
800 Are Enrolled
Nearly 800 Negro students,
wnb last year attended the
coanty's last three segregated
schools, were routinely en-
rolied in classrooms through
ouf the area.
Two of the three, Rock Ter
race Elementary in Rockville,
and Sandy Spring Elementary.
noF are serving as schools for
the handicapped. The third,
Taylor Elementary in Boyds,
opened with about 125 white
children and some go Negroes
attending.
Montgomery County has been
desegregating its schools sys-
teri since 1855, a year after
the. Supreme Court decision.
Elsewhere in Montgomery,
about 800 students signed up
for classes in the county's new
$1.s million West Rockville
Junior High School, the first
in that county to be COM
pletely air conditioned.
without Mishap
The opening took place with
out mishap although contrac-
tors are still adding finishing
touches to grounds and drive
ways. Physical education classes
will be held outside until the
gymnasium is completed later
this month.
The only new school opening
today in Prince Georges County
is the Charles Carroll Junior
High at Carrollton. Principal
Daniel F.. Chase said it expert
enced an enrolment "consid-
erably in excess" of the 712 ex-
pected, the exact number re-
manning in doubt until after
classes today.
The opening of the SIS mil
lion building went much
smoother than anyone could
have expected" Mr.. Chase said.
Record enrollments were ex-
pected in all jurisdictions. In
the Maryland and Virginia sub
urbs there are about 7,7O0
new students, with the smallest
increases noted in Arlington
and Falls Church, each up
about 100, and the largest in
creaSeS in Montgomery and
Prince Georges Counties, each
up about 5000 over last year.
Increase in District enroll
ment is expected to be about
1000.
Evening star., 1961-09-05

night knew. a man with his
back to the wall.
The President he helped
elect deSpises him. The Mayor
whose career he nouriShed has
turned on him. But his mortal
danger is not the enmity of
the White House or City Hall
but the chance that the Dem
ocratic voters of his own
Greenwich Village neighbor-
hood may reject him as their
leader Thursday.
If that happens, the credit
for toppling the Tammany
giant will go to James S. Lani-
gan, a 1885 graduate of West
ern High School in Washing
ton, D. c., who moved to
Greenwich Village just three
months ago, specifically to ac-
complish Mr.. De Sapio's de-
struction.
In all the teeming confusion
of the bitter city primary fight,
there is no more dramatic single
story than the De Sapio-Lani-
gan struggle to be Democratic
leader of the 1St assembly dis
trict, south.
Clash of 2 Worlds
What is happening here is
more than the struggle of two
men. 1t is a conflict between
two conceptions of how a de-
mocracy can be made to oper-
ate, of the meaning of political
responsibility and the proper
use of power. 1t is even clash
between two worlds.
For Greenwich Village is
changing.
South Of Third street, in De
Sapio territory, one still finds
the open-air fruit stands, the
all-night bookstores, the cafes,
the honky-tonks, the few old
mansions and the many dark
apartments that provided the
background for the 1920 Green
wich Village tales. There is a
bohemian fringe, but most of
the old Villagers are italian,
and the "beatnik" coffee houses
are an irritant to the parishion-
ers of Our Lady of Pompeii
Church. .
They are the people who
make up Mr.. De Sapio's Tam
ava Democratic Club, but their
number is shrinking as the
younger members of the old
families move out to the sub
urbs and the bulldozers move
in to clear away the slums.
North of Third street, in the
area around Washington
Square. the old Village is rap,
idly disappearing. Twenty new
apartment buildings have gone
up in the last five years.
These are occupied mainly by
middle class Jewish and Protes-
tant families, many of them
from the "egghead" professions
lawyers, educators, publishers
assistants, television producers.
They are the people who make
up Mr.. Lanigan's Village In
dependent Democratic Club,
and their number is on the in
crease. ~
De sapiO Once an Insurgent
-Four years ago, Mr.. De Sapio
held his district leadership
against the VID challenger by
1,700 votes. Two years ago, his
margin was GIT votes. Last
year, Mr.. Lanigan, who then
lived a few blocks north of the
Village, defeated the De Sapio-
backed candidate for State
committeeman in the entire
First Assembly District. Now
he has moved into Mr.. De
Sapio's own neighborhood to
administer what many believe
an almost-certain knockout
blow to the old boss"
There is more than a bit of
irony in all this, for Mr.. De
Sapio in his time has played
the insurgents role and had
been praised by some of those
who now are screaming for his
scalp.
When he ended the Irish
monopoly on Tammany lead
Evening star., 1961-09-05

erSnlp a dozen years ago, Or
dered use of voting machines
in party primaries, instituted
the direct election of district
chairmen and put through 9TH
er reforms, his prestige among
the eggh h e ads and liberals
scared, and he was sought as
a speaker by college groups
and civic forums.
Helped Elect Hartman
Mr.. De Sapio reached his
peak of power in 1854, when he
nominated and helped elect
Averell Hartman as Governor,
but he could not sustain his
position. His GOODNESS to Adlai
Stevenson in 1856 and to the
hopes of Thomas Finletter for
the Senate nomination in 1858
made Mrs. Franklin D. Roose-
velt and ex-senator Herbert
H. Lehman his bitter enemies.
Later, for reasons of their own,
President Kennedy and Mayor
Robert F. Wagner, jr., turned
against him.
The name "De Sapio" and
the somewhat forbidding face
of the man in dark glasses "a
chronic eye condition makes
him painfully sensitive to
light were ruthleSSly exploited
by his opponents to create a
caricature of evil. 1t was un-
fair; he is neither the most
powerful nor the most venial
of New York politicians.
He is, however, a representa-
tive of a system of politics
which, regards control of public
and party office as a franchise
for the distribution of jobs, of
contracts, of protection and of
services. The system is summed
up by the saying that "in New
York nobody gets anything for
nothing"
Believes Machine COrruptS
1t is this system that re-
formers like Mr.. Lanigan are
challenging, for he believes
that "as long as you have the
machine, it will corrupt every
government it puts in office"
Mr.. Lanigan arrived at this
conclusion after almost 80
years Of close-in observation of
Democratic Party politics. A
native of Nebraska, he lived in
Washington while his father
worked in the New Deal, took
government courses at Har-
ward with John Kennedy and
returned to Washington from
1948 to 1852 as an assistant to
Mr.. Hartman at the White
House and in the Marshall
Plan administration. Since
1852, he has combined politics
with partnership in the real
estate firm of Roger L. Stevens,
the Southwest Washington re-
development figure named Sun
day as chairman of the Ma
tional Cultural Center board of
trustees.
Want an "Open House"
What Mr.. Lanigan and his
fellow-reformers hope to sub
stitute for the traditional Tam
many Hall machine is a kind
of glass house" politics, where
participation would be open to.
all and the reward for party
activity would be, not jobs or
personal favors, but good gov
ernment and real progress on
community problems.
In its four years of existence
here, the reform movement has
demonstrated an ability to in
duce large numbers Of middle
class men and women, who are
not dependent on politics for
their livelihood, to labor ef-
fectively in the precincts for
just such unselfish motives as
these,
Whether their attitude would
remain so pure" once they
gained control is another ques-
ton. Mr.. De Sapio has de-
scribed Mr.. Lanigan and his
allies as "power-hungry people
who are determined to ruin
the Democratic Party if they
cannot rule it," The long his
torv of reform r1ovennerts cop-
Evening star., 1961-08-26
. MEMO FROM THE EDITOR:
1861 Football Season
Previewed in Sunday Star

ALL STAR FOOTBALL COvERAGE-In The Stars
sports section this Sunday you're given the football
schedules of area colleges service and pro teams;
list OF TV and radio football broadcastS in Washing
ton this season. and special stories on prospects for
local teams In This Week Magazine, Last Years
Coach-of-the-Year Murray Warmath of Minnesota
picks THE Eight Teams to Watch in 1861" in every
section of the country.
NEW CBS-TV SEASON PREVIEWED-For the third in
series of issues prevewing the fall season on tee-
viSion see TV Magazine. This Sunday, you're given
an advance look at what's in store on CBS-TV Also
previewed will be the plans locally of WTOP-TV
THE TANNING OF TONY-Before marrying Britans
Princess Margaret, Antony Armstrong Jones had
reputation as one of Engands most carefree play
boys. This Week Magazine reveals how things have
changed.
FACES MADE TO ORDER-The cloak of anonymity for
fugitive criminals is steadily growing thinner all
due to the of artist conceptions" as an identifi
cation technique How it all works is brought to you
in words and pictures by SUNDAY The Star Maga-
zine.
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