davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-05-17
DAVID LAWRENCE
u. S. Education Aid Up In Air

signates a special purpose,
this removes any conStitu-
tional objection. Thus, it is
argued, if the purpose is ma
tional defense - to educate
more scientists so as to COM
pete with the Soviet Union
then it's constitutional. But
there can be no higher or
more important special pur-
pose" than secondary school
education. If the mere fact
that religion may be taught
in the same building diSqual-
ifieS that institution from re-
ceiving Federal funds, then
the school, whether it be pub
lie or private, cannot offer
persuasively the excuse Of a
special purpose"
In fact, the United States
Department of Justice is en-
deavoring to become today an
active participant in a suit
in the Federal court to re-
quire the closing Of the pub
lie schools in all counties of
the State of Virginia-wheth-
er integrated or segregated
unless the State closes down
a private school in Prince
Edward County which is be-
ing supported by State grants
Of funds to parents or stu
dents.
Many observers are Won
dering why the Supreme
Court of the United States
refused to review the Ver-
mont case, but it may be
that this is because the high
est court in the land has in
the past contradicted itself
several times. The precedents
are by no means clear-cut.
Thus, in 1880 the Supreme
Court ruled that State tax
money could be appropriated
to supply free textbooks to
private hoolS. including
sectarian schools. Also in
1908 the court, in the case of
Catholic mission schools on
Indian reservations, rejected
the argument that the spirit
Of the Constitution required
that the Federal Government
shall make no appropriation
for education in any Sectari-
an schools"
The mixup over legalities is
so extensive that about the
only way out is for Congress
to pass whatever aid-to-edu-
cation legislation it pleases
and provide at the same time
for a review by the Federal
courts Of the conStitutionality
of such legislation.
copyright. 1851
Evening star., 1961-05-17
DORIS FLEFeON

No real disposition exists
in the United States Senate
today to criticize what it can
learn about what is going on.
What Is beginning to bother
some Of its leading members
is a nagging suspicion that
less is being done than meets
the eye.
President Kennedy is in
Canada, Vice President john
son is in Asia a..-. SecreSa4y
Of State Rusk is at Geneva.
This constitutes a rather
striking contrast to Mr.. Ken
nedy's campaign denuncia-
tions Of the Eisenhower ad-
ministration travels, but that
is Of less than no concern
to seasoned politicians who
have swallowed their own
campaign oratory more often
than somewhat.
What they do perceive is
that the Kennedy Johnson
Rusk travels are a mere
dance around the periphery
Of the central problem, which
is a new policy for the whole
Western Alliance.
It is easily recognized that
the Kennedy visit will impart
luster to Canada's present
government, which has some
domestic election problems.
Americans tend too much to
take Canada for granted and
Evening star., 1961-05-17
Touch of Illustration in Senate

In it's present mood, Con-
gress will certainly take a
good hard look at anything
Of the sort. What the Senate
very possibly might do. how
ever, is open a debate which
would give him a clear look
at what is bothering 1t.
So far this year there has
been no Senate debate worth
mentioning and individual
Senator's Of strong conviction
and tested lung power are
growing reStive. They seem
to see no reason why the
Harvard-MIT intellectuals on
the White House staff should
have all the fun Of arguing
such questions as whether
we should or should not ex-
pand our "paramilitary" op-
erations Of the Cuba type or
whether more conventional
military force should be en-
ployed.
The Presidents domestic
program has offered little
outlet for congressional frus-
trationS. 1t is now clear
that it has been we'll chewed
over in past years and no
longer excites the juices of
bitter controversy.
Possibly it will seem in
retrospect that, as a matter
of tactics, at least one tough
domestic proposal should
have been given the full
White House battle charge
just to let the Senate have
some exercise.
Evening star., 1961-05-17
A Nod to the Gee-Whiz Writers

matte lore they are known as
Famine, Pestilence, Destruc-
ton and Death. They are
only aliases. Their real names
are Stuhldreher, Miller,
Crowley and Layden."
Spartacus, Napoleon's Old
Guard at Waterloo, the Spar
tans at Marathon, Hercules,
Mercury, and heroes of wars
and mythology found their
way into what was often very
good writing, describing some
halfback's touchdown dash, a
mighty defensive goal line
stand. or a quick knockout by
Jack Dempsey.
The Second World War
helped change this. 1t was
difficult to describe a foot
ball game as a battle or make
a hero Of a halfback when
thousands of unknown and
unsung heroes were dying
daily in the bitterly con-
tested theaters Of war around
the world. And. as noted. the
thousands of unskilled prac-
titioners Of the gee-whiZ
school were really pretty bad.
The gee-whiz school died out.
Granny Rice was the mas
ter. He was a kindly, gener-
GUS and decent man, who
never failed to dignity his
calling. He was unfailing in
his words of encouragement
to small town sports writer's
who came to him or whom
he met in his travels. He had
the soul Of a poet and life
was, to him, a daily wonder.
Thousands tried to write like
him, but none could.
Those at the luncheon
thought today's writing, with
few exceptions, too coldly
technical. Most Of them, true
enough, are growing old. But
it is a fact there aren't many
heroes around today. And
that seems a great pity.
Evening star., 1961-05-17
RALPH McGHL
Sportsmen Long for CoIorfuI Reporting
Of the School Led by GrontIond Rice

Each spring a committee
named by the Thoroughbred
r Racing Association selects
the winner of the Grantland
Rice Scholarship offered an
nually by the horse owners,
and at the luncheon which
follows this labor the talk not
unnaturally turns to the
writer's of sports, past and
present.
This year it seemed to be
the consensus that the So
called "gee-whiz" school had
all the best of 1t. Granny
Eice was a gee-whiz writer
and there were others who
excelled in this art of max
ing eroes and giants of
those who were outstanding
performers. These writer's
may have brought their style
to ruin because they created
a host of imitators who, lack
ing the skill and knowledge
of the masters, were merely
dull If not do Wnrig h t
preposterous.
But in the Golden Age of
sports the customers pre-
ferred to view their heroes
through ose-colored glasses.
They did not see anything
wrong with mparing a
young man who had run a
kickoff back for a winning
touchdown with an Olympian
god. They delighted to read
glowing accounts of a foot
ball team W hic h had per-
formed with the gallantry of
the defenders of the Alamo.
The thunder of Babe Ruth's
bat was like that Of Great
Jove's blasts.
Today's sports spectator,
though he is fed on no such
prose, nonetheless goes to
Evening star., 1961-05-17
Group Seen PeriIing Nation in DeIusion
That All Force, Even for Riqht, Is Evil

they argue. for example,
simply that Cuba is not real
ly a threat to the United
States, in spite of the public
alliance with the Soviet
bloc publicly proclaimed by
Fidel Castro. Cuba is only
"peripheral," though Cuba
lies 80 miles from the Ameri-
can shoreline and though for
the first time in our nation
hood an aggressive interna-
tional power has an undeni-
able lodgment in this hemis-
phere. y
So it is with Laos. Laos is
not really worth any risk,
either. We are held to be in
terfering there in local poll
tics, or something or the
other.
Again, the pre-conditions
for fair debate are denied for
lack Of candor among the new
isolationists, the new paci-
fists. For nearly all those who
now declare that Castro Of
ferS no great danger to us
we're in the forefront Of those
who built up the dictator
Castro, with almost hyster-
ical hosannas, in the first
place. He is in part their own
creation. This truth they can
not admit without admitting
their share Of responsibility.
So what is a truth becomes,
to them. no truth at all.
The new isolationists, the
new pacifists, have honor
able motives. But at the very
bottom they are also men
caught by a dangerous and
shallow myth exploded way
back in Hitler's time for all
mankind to see. This is the
delusion that all force is al
ways evil land all generals
always stupid even when
only force is left to defend
right and justice. 1t is the
delusion that only diploma
cy" and negotiation" are
acceptable weapons.
So we fail in Cuba, because
we dare not risk direct ac-
ton and thus the censure
Of the neo-iSolationistS, the
Evening star., 1961-05-17

the games In expectation
of witnessing performances
which stimulate his adrenal
glands and cause him to leap
to his feet with loud cheers
and shouts. He wants to be
stirred. His pulses do pound
the faster. He is in a sopho-
moric. immature mood when
his alma mater is defeating
a hated rival at football.
The baseball fan is excited
by home runs. The most
cynical horse player is moved
by a nose-and-nose finish.
not by a six-lengths winner.
The spectators at all sport
ing events are themselves in
a gee-whiz state or wish
to be. The pitchers battle,
in which the thunder Of bats
is muted, is regarded as a
dull game. The throngs at
automobile races are thrilled
by the wrecks and the eerie
sound Of the meat wagon
coming for the victims. The
slugger, not the boxer, is
the ring hero.
Sports spectators yearn to
be set to leaping and yelling,
and to tossing hats in air.
In the so-called Golden
Age of sports the writer's
wrote to this emotion. Granny
Rice gave them some mag
nificent leads. The one which
compared one of Knute
Rockne's magnificently bal
anced Notre Dame backfield
to the four horsemen of the
Apocalypse is best remem-
bered. 1t was his lead to the
1924 Army game, won by
Notre Dame 1877. It read:
Outlined against a blue
gray October sky, the Four
Horsemen rode again. In dra-
Evening star., 1961-05-17
DAVID LAWRENCE

The whole Federal aid-to-
eUucation program, even as it
affects public schools, is up in
the air now, so far as conSti-
tutionality is concerned.
The Supreme Court of the
United States, by announcing
this week its refusal to re-
view a decision by the highest
court of the State of Yer
mont that has barred tuition
grants for students in sec
tartan schools, tends to cast
doubt on the conStitutionality
of even such measures as the
"GI Bill of Rights"
Likewise, a decision rem
dered just 80 days ago by a
circuit court in Dade County,
Florida, sets forth a principle
that makes it doubtful
whether even public schools
where Christmas or Easter
celebrations or Bible readings
take place - a widespread
practice throughout the
United States - will be ELI
gible for Federal-aid grants
or loans. The Supreme Court
of the United States. it is ex-
pected, will be asked to re-
view this case after the high
est court in Florida passes on
it.
It doesn't seem to make any
difference that a particular
form of religion is not actu-
ally taught in a school or that
a student has the opportun-
ity to decline to participate
in these celebrations or to
attend the Bible readings. For
in the Vermont case. where
there were no public high
schools in a certain school
district and the only educa-
tional institutions available
were Catholic high schools.
the Vermont Supreme Court
decision of January 8, 1861,
described the situation there
as follows:
There is no requirement
that students Of other de-
nominations attend the in
Struction in religion, although
some students in this cate
CORY have elected to do So"
Notwithstanding this opin-
ion, the Vermont court ruled
that tax funds may not be
used to pay tuition in a
church related school even
where there is no public
school in the area to serve
the pupils. The court held
that to do so would violate the
First and Fourteenth Amend
Evening star., 1961-05-17
S. WHITE

American foreign policy
stands at the most fateful
crossroads since the old iSola-
tioniSts and pacifistS mar
rowly failed two decades ago
to prevent this country from
joining in the resistance to
the NaZiS and FascistS.
This movement honestly
believed itself dedicated to
peace" and to America First.
But had it had it's way Amer
lea would have finished not
first but rather third-the
third victim, after Britain
and France, Of an anti
human force centered in
Adolf Hitler.
Now there has arisen to
frightening influence a new
American iSolationiSm, a new
American pacifism, which
may well destroy the capac-
ity of the United States to
resist the equally anti-human
force of international COM
muniSm.
In one way, indeed, the
danger is greater now than
then. For the old isolation
lists. the old pacifists, at least
did not deny their isolation
ism. their pacifism. But the
new isolationism will not
acknowledge itself for what
it is. The new pacifism will
not admit, even to itself, that
the inevitable end of it's rea-
soning is the surrender of
one anti-Communist position
after another until there will
be at last no place left for
the West to turn and stand
its ground.
Instead, the neo-isolation-
lists, the neo-pacifists, put
the plain meaning of their
policies under a bland, su-
perior cloud Of self-deluding
talky-talk. They do not
simply say flatly that we
should take no risk in this
world-not in Cuba, not in
Laos, not anywhere-and let
it go at that.
With that kind Of candor,
the issues could at any rate
be met head on. Rather,
Evening star., 1961-05-17
Courts Refusal to Take Vermont Case
Viewed as Casting Doubt on Legality

ments to the Federal Con-
Stitution.
1t has been argued by able
lawyers that because of a de-
ciSion Of the Supreme Court
of the United States in 1928
denying a taxpayer the right
to sue the Federal Govern
ment in connection with the
purposes for which it appro-
pirates money, there could be
no court case now to test the
conStitutionality of legisla-
tion for the use Of Federal
funds to aid education. But
Congress, itself, can provide
for the right to sue, and Pres
ident Kennedy has intimated
that he would not be averse
to court tests. Certainly the
administration has not heSi-
tated to undertake the un-
precedented role of Inter
venor" in the case of Prince
Edward County, Virginia,
where the parents of stu
dents are given tuition grants
to help educate their chill
dren in private schools.
Indeed, the question is of
broad significance, because
the United States Census Bu-
reau is authority for the
statement that more than
half of the 42,429 public
school systems in the United
States did not provide any
secondary education in 1860.
Hence, private schools and
religious schools have borne
much Of the burden, and if
no aid can be given by tut
tion grants to the parents
in these 2l,646 school sys-
TENS, this whole plan be-
comes of doubtful effective
ness, and more public schools
will have to be built.
Also, New York States lat
est plan for tuition grants
now becomes open to debate
on the constitutional issue,
and so does the National De-
fense Education Act which
provides Federal aid to pri-
vate and parochial schools
for the equipment Of labora-
tories to teach science, math-
ematics and modern Ian
guages. Congress IS engaged
right now in arranging for
more Federal aid Of various
kinds to sectarian as well as
public colleges. universities
and high schools.
The theory of the legisla-
tors who are writing these
laws is that, if Congress de-
Evening star., 1961-12-31

in Lenngrad), was paid five or six times as much
as the average worker and welI-to-do by Soviet
standards. | had received $4,000 rubles $6,25O)
as the winner of Stain Prize and "a privi-
lege for Russian - had been allowed to travel
and work in Austria, India and China before coming
to Canada with touring scientific group.
Plight of q Russian scientist
But the material things enjoyed by scientists do
not begin to compensate for the indgnities to the
human spirit that life in Russia entails.
All my adult life have been completely alb
sorbed in my work - in the laboratory reading and
studying l wanted only to be left alone to expert
ment and to report what found. also desired to
have access to knowledge in many other fields,
Evening star., 1961-12-31
Total lO,373,OOO

The World Forecast Map on
Pages 8 and 9 shows the Communist
Empire from which the 10 million
"a third as many as the total of the
Communist Party's present men,
bership - have escaped. And more
will break out every day. The wall is
strong, but freedom is irresistible.
Evening star., 1961-12-31

the age of IL in my native Poltava region.
Later moved to the city that is now Dnepro-
petrovsk. | worked at variety of laboring jobs
during the day and went to school in the evening
served voluntarily for six months in the Red Army
in 1920, and returned to go first to technical school
in Dnepropetrovsk and then to the Kiev Polytech-
mic Institute.
graduated in 1925 but stayed on to do research
work in chemistry until 1880, when I successfully
competed for entrance to the Academy of Sciences
in Leningrad. After obtaining my doctorate re-
maned in Leningrad to work at the Kurnakov
Institute.
1t was in Lenngrad that the purges of the 1905
had their origin In 1884 the chief Communist
figure in Leningrad, Sergei Kirov, murdered
Evening star., 1961-12-31

Soviet regime. Until this time, sup
ported the Soviet government and the
party. Although did not like the
tyranny that they exercised, thought
at the time that it could not be avoided.
| believed that they acted solely in the
best interest of the people and of the
security of the Soviet Union.
was IL in 1919 when the Com
munists took over the Ukraine, where |
lived. | was brought up among poor,
illiterate people. had taught myself to
read and write and had started school al
Evening star., 1961-12-31

OTTAWA
you have spent So years of your life is not one
that is lightly made reflected this sat in the
headquarters of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police
in Ottawa with officials of the Soviet Embassy last
August OH the day after detected to Canada from
Russia.
Come back to the Embassy with us and we will
have glass of vodka and talk this all over, of
the Soviet officials said. There must be some
mistake
He made the statement in a tone which sug-
gested my detection trivial thing, the result of
some little misunderstanding that could readily be
explained away. In fact the idea of detection had
Evening star., 1961-12-31
10 MILLION RUNAWAVs

10 WSuGIuON b%OVA~AVo
WORLD ATTENTION has recently
been focused on the Berlin wall,
over which the detecting East Ger
man soldier on our cover is jumping.
But the Berlin wall is only part
of an enormous system of Commu-
mist barricades through which over
10 million people have escaped since
l945. At right one of them, Russian
scientist, tells his story.
THIS WEEKS Research Depart
ment has compiled breakdown of
the fight from Communism based
on sources .n the us. and Europe,
including the Free Europe Commit
tee, the us. State Department, the
US. Committee for Refugees, the
governments of West Germany and
West Berlin and other authorities:
From East Germany 3, 600, 600
From Baltic States 100000
European satellites l,283,OOO
From China 100000
ASIAN satellites 100000
From Russia Itself 100000
Evening star., 1961-12-31

first occurred to me some ID years ago
soon after the war. For the past half
dozen years l had used every available
moment and taken every possible action
to bring it to reality.
New acquaintances in Canada have
expressed interest that a scientist, of all
citizens, should defect. In some ways
scientists are much better off than most
other Russians. As full professor and
head of my laboratory in the N. S.
Kurnakov Institute of General and In
organic Chemistry in Moscow formerly
Evening star., 1961-12-31

something which not possible in the Soviet
Union.
Ibid not seek material gain. Though have had
friends, have lived alone most of my life and my
wants simple. sought only to have the facilities
and equipment that would enable me to do my work.
But over the years discovered that in the Soviet
Union it was impossible to carry on science without
regard for the moods and intrgues of the Communist
party and the deceits of the secret police, the KCB
formerly the NKVD).
Growing up under Communion
1t was during the purges of the 1905 that
came to realize the true and abiding nature of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-06-30

18-Month Written
Rood Hazard
Guarantee
The tires ore guaranteed for the
period specified asuinst oil road
hGzurds except fire. accident
chain cut, running while flGf, Un-
bGIuneed or misaligned wheels,
and wiIlfvI ObUse. u our insPee-
fion shows the fires have fCiled
under the terms Of the gvCr0n.
tee they will be repaired Of no
charge or q Pro-rot0 allowance
based on the orisin0l selling
price and months owned or tread
used, whichever is TO the evstom-
er's udvunfase, will be allOwed
on the purchase Of O new tire.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-06-30
TEE TO GREEN
The CARING Could Pay 81, 300
BY MERRELL wHITTLEsEY

the last round of the Masters or the
National Open"
The CARING Open is one of the few
events on the PGA tour that goes from city
to city. The others are the National Open,
the PGA and the Western Open.
If the past history of the CARING Open
is borne out, Washington will become
so enthused it will bid for a permanent
tournament.
WE'VE PLAYED IN FLINT, Mich,
Seattle, Atlanta and Cleveland" Taylor
said, mentioning only four of the stops,
land all of those cities demanded tourna-
ments of their own the next year."
Taylor sees possibilities for Washington
that none of the previous tournaments
sponsored by his company have enjoyed.
"You have the strongest home pro in
our nine-year history" Taylor said, speak
ing of Charley BaSsler, the new Indian
Spring professional who is the Middle At
lantic PGA champion.
BaSSler played the course with Taylor,
and the visitor obviously was impressed.
Where has this fellow been?" Taylor
asked "He not only could win most Of our
81 500 for the low area pro, he could take
it all"
AND, TAYLOR Is ENTHUSED over the
early entry of Deane Beman, the National
Amateur champion.
What setup," Taylor said, mot only
the National Amateur champion, but
great player, kid who could have won the
National Open, and he's home towner."
Taylor talked to few of his committee
people on his most recent visit, but only a
few, because nobody can contact 1,1OO
people on visit of just few hours.
That's right, LOO. From the members
of the Wheaton Rescue Squad who park
the cars, to the caddies, scorers, marshals,
officials, ETC., it takes that number to
operate major tournament.
"Its not only an Indian Spring event,
it's community project" Taylor en-
phasized
They've turned over the parking
of 5000 cars to the Wheaton Rescue
Squad, which will start next week to get
adjacent parking lots in order.
And Indian Spring is better golf
course because of the tournament. The
members who may complain because of
the new hazards will applaud the course
Improvements, $4,000 worth. after the
pros leave. 1t should be a good show.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-06-30

extra bases, and drove in seven
runs as the Giants swept a
twi-night double-header from
the Phils last night. Willie hit
three homers in the opener,
winning it, 81, in the 10th
with the 299th home run of his
major league career. Then he
tagged a triple and a double in
the Al second-game victory.
That put the Giants in sec
ond place by .002 percentage
points over the Los Angeles
Dodgers, who lost, AZ, at Pitts
burgh. 1t also put the Giants
within 212 games of first-place
Cincinnati, after the Reds
dropped their third in a row,
1873, to the Chicago Cubs in
the only other MI game sched-
uled.
Mays upped his batting aver
age Is points to 1871 in the
sweep and drove in five runs
with his three homers in the
opener. His first two, both