davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-04-21
So. Paul Police Reid
Gambling House;
InEnUfeS Fined

Police officers armed with
marked money raided the home at
626 Iglehart and arrested all per-
sons present including the opera
tor, A. B. Parker, 40, e26 Iglehart.
After two officers in plain
clothes entered the home bet. Earl
Harken and Frank Martin Of the
morals division entered with four
other officers who were admitted
by R. T. Robinson, 626 Iglehart.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-04-21

Ter; r. T. Robinson, so, $40 Lyle
hart: Leroy Pemberton, AZ, ga
Dayton: william Rossean, Is, 44s
sherburne; Tarrance r. Taylor, n.
2o47 Grand; Ronald d. Juefls, 20,
1889 oakdale; Ivan l. Troseth, ~,
$40 jerks; Joseph n TIunstad. IS,
1o6 Douglas; Alfred l.. olzenal.
IS and Richard Kriel, Is, 1s1
Como.
Robert B. Morris paid two fines,
one OF $40 for dlsorderly conduct
and another for gambling for SIS.
The same fines were assessed
James A. Rychlcld, 20. Of e1A
Harrington.
Duane Peterson, Il, 1910 Charl-
ton was given a fine Of $40 on the
disorderly conduct charge.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-04-21

NEWLY DECORATED apartment.
Available May 1. South location.
FE. 9-596S. S-39
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-04-21

would not be pressed because OF
the uniwilllngness Of police officers
to bring charges against the club
owner.
Reports claim Mayor Peterson
was upset because Of failure of
officers to sign a complaint. The
officers took the position that
from evidence gathered from both
interested and disinterested wit
nesses there was no basis for
charging Sabes.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-04-21
New Minnesota HeGVYNsolghf
Champ To Defend Title
AZ 81. puul Auditorium

Don Quinn Of St Paul, Mine
sofas new heavyweight champion,
makes the first defense of his
title against Benny Mason Of Min
neapolis at the St Paul Auditorium
Wednesday, April 20.
In making the announcement,
promoter Jack Raleigh said Il
think Mason win give Quinn his
toughest test yet. He can box,
punch and he can take it. If any
fighter in the state can stand up
against Quinn's left hook, it's Ma
son."
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-04-21

1929 GIRARD NORTH. Furnished
upper four rooms and bath. IA. l.
1920, Ii. 5-9720. $50
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-04-21


Mrs. Elsa johnson, candidate for
alderman in the eighth ward,
charged that her opponent has
failed to attend council and COM
mittee meetings regularly. She
said, he has one of the worse re-
cords of any councilman, in the
city.
Mrs. johnson who has lived in
the 9Th ward for many years has
been active in civic affairs as Red
Cross, Victory Aid, Clinton PTA,
also League of Women Voters.
The candidate said if elected, she
will keep the 9Th ward free of
liquor scandals, work for improved
police protection and vote indie
pendently in the council
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-04-21

A ROOM APARTMENT, private
bath, partly furnished, FE. 6-45O0.
$50
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-04-21

Katherine Williams, as, ga Full
Evening star., 1961-08-31

Delicious reddy.to.drink choc.
oIote ond voniIIu fI1vors:.
Mode with fresh skim milk.
Homeeenized, posteurized,
sterilized.
Evening star., 1961-08-31

For dietary weight control
to help you lose weight and
0Void regoining #. Choice
of chocolate, vanilla and
butter scotch flovors.
Holmes County herald., 1961-08-31

%MM%%m %%~ m~m"ou t%%$%S%%%%%~
BUDGET" %""~ $$%@% %=T%%S%~" m~
%%%%$%%%@ =%$$$% s$S%%~~~~
%%%%%%%@ num%%% sR""""" $%=~~n"~v~
$$ $$% IS $$= $$$=$ *$ :$=$=~-~~~ 5000"
s%nEn%$@%~~ %% s.%@%@% 1856 OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES
:$=$$====$==$$==$==- .s ~%$$==$=%$$= @"~ ~ s%s==$% ..
nM@@@w@s %% @nm@mPww M%@baM M@
m@m%%@%%%m @% mEm@ .@w@@mn@m @m@
$$$=$=**$=== expenses $$ ~~~ %%% :===~ 1850"
:$ =$== =. $$ % =::=$$$ %%S s$$===s=%=== $500.
$500: $$$$ 'G =$$==$$$$%%.~~~~~""~" ~$$ =$$$$% : ~~
%s~n~~~~@~m 100000 s$%%%% S$ S%%E%@@Ss
JUDICIAL mmmmum M@%n@""~~ 100000 @@%%%mm ~"
"$y $4,000 %%@@%@%@ observation-disclosures m~
umn~nmm agencies @% T%%@%%@%% H"~ m~ @%%]%%
@n%%@ ~mm 10000 @8%%~""
%$$=$==%% :" Observation-Disclosures "~~$$ $$$$$$
%=$%@=#~ =====$=~"r~~@ $ $$$$$S$$$
::$$=$$$$==n $$ ""~ r~%%$= $$$$$$$$%$%~ "$
.~= =$:%=% . "~ %$ $$$ s$$=s=a=7s% $$
s$$=$$$%$$$$$%~~ "%$ @$%"%#% =$$$$$$%
$$$%$%%% ~~ s%%$%%$$@%$$~ %% n"s5%=S%%S%@~~ ~~
%@ %% @@%@h ~@~m@~
%1%@nm @n%%%@R T% ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS %"
%@$$@~Aa~ 1@ $$%%%%%% 10000 S%~u~~~ $4,000"
S$$%$%$=%@~n~m 10000 %%==@S%%=s%%~ ~" $&$=%z~~~~~~
smM@%S ~mm @wn@@ &@@%hwm mmn@ MMm%%m@m
s:$$=%$$$=" '$ :.$$==~~ ~"~ 100000" @%%%@ $w"~ $500"
S%ugnm %% m%%@~~o"" h%%@mnsmm~m s~
"%@@ Expenditures "m &~m~ %munnmmmmm 100000" "%@%@%%%@%h~ um
$$$$=$=% ==$% $$~~"sn~- ~" 5$=$%=$=~~ s$
$=$=$ Sa=$$: "?S$$$$=%====:~~ =s s$=== s%=
s1@m%@@ ms%%@@@ @% observation-disclosures
SI%@@H~~~~~~~o~%~ s@@%F@~" 100000" A%%%%@@%am~mn $780,"
&%%%%%F%% "a%% %%m%%m %%%T=%%~%
nmmm GENERALLY REVENUES OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES 100000" =%T~~%@@m"~
H%%@mSm License $4,000 m%%nm%@~~m~ 100000 @mmnm@n~m
S@@H@M @% @@%M m rmM%%~M@mmwwm~@%%
a%@$$%%% mn"a~~ mm 1875 100000" wswm IM Or FmAM Materials n
Holmes County herald., 1961-08-31

LEVY TO FINANCE THE OPERATION OF THE
GENERAL FUND $127, 10000
TOTAL CASH AND ESTIMATED REVENUES
FROM ALL SOURCES $215405M
*This amount should equal the amount representing the total
of estimated expenditures.
Holmes County herald., 1961-08-31
Legal Notice
COUNTY BUDGET
County Budget Form "GF"
Final Estimates

county Budget Form "GF"
Final Estimates
HOLMES COUNTY
GENERAL FUND
BUDGET OF ESTIMATED REVENUES AND
EXPENDITURES
For Fiscal Year Ending September 80, 1862
ESTIMATED EXPENDITURES
/. OFFICE AND ADMINISTRATION
ID Salaries and Per Diem:
a. Members of Board of Supervisors 10000
b. Attorney for Board $4,000
c. Clerk of Board 10000
d. County Auditor and Treasurer 3,725O
e. County Registrar 3120O
+. Tax Assessor and Deputies 10000
g. Clerks Per Diem-Board Meetings 5000
h. Sheriff's Per Diem-Board Meetings 1000
i. Clerical $26, 445O
90 General Office Supplies and Expenses:
a. Stationery and other office, supplies 10000
b. Record books, binders, printed forms 10000
c. Postage, telephone service 10000
d. Repair of office equipment 10000
e. Replacement of office equipment 10000
f Premium on surety bonds $4,000
g. Sundry 1000
80 Other Office and Administration Expenses: $4, 5000
a. Legal advertising and publishing 10000
b. Special legal service 5000
c. State audit service 5000
d. Elections $4,000
e.. Copying tax rolls $1,000
f. Allowances servicing homestead exemptions:
Clerk, Tax Assessor, Sheriff $4,000
g. Social Security (Countys Share) 10000
h. State Retirement (County's Share) 27OOC
j. Sundry (per account Classification 10000
Total $23, OOOC
Total Budgeted Expenditures for Office and
Administration $73.945(
Holmes County herald., 1961-08-31

Add 100000
b. Purchases of Road Machinery and
Equipment
C. Debt Retirement 100000
d. Other incorporating and Capital Out
lay Expenditures
Total Budgeted Expenditures for Capital
Outlay 100000
TOTAL YEAR BUDGETE EXPENDI-
TURES FROM FOURTH DISTRICT
ROAD FUND $35,5OOW
sTIMATE REVENUES
SOURCE AND KIND
1. Local Sources:
a. Auto Road and Bridge Privilege Tax $25OO0
b. All Other Local Revenue
Total Estimated Revenue from Local
Sources Other Than Taxation $2,500OO
2. State and Other Outside Sources:
a. Gasoline Excise Tax 100000
b. Truck and Bus Privilege Tax 100000
C. Severance Tax
d. Reimbursement for Homestead Exemp-
ton
e. Other Revenue from Outside Sources
Total Estimated Revenue from State and
Other 100000
Total Cash and Estimated Revenues from
All Sources
Other Than Taxation 26,5OO.W
Add Unencumbered Cash Balance from
Preceding Year 6,250O9
Total Cash and Estimated Revenues Other
Than Adv. Tax, less cash reserve for
LIST quarters operation $26,5O0Oo
Amount Necessary to be Raised by Tax
Levy 100000
Total Cash and Estimated Revenues from
All Sources +ss5,5OoOO
*This amount should equal the amount representing the total
of estimated expenditures.
Holmes County herald., 1961-08-31

Aid) 100000
}. Purchases of Road Machinery and
Equipment 100000
C. Debt Retirement
d. Other incorporating and Capital Out
lay Expenditures
Total Budgeted Expenditures for Capital
Outlay $3O,OOOOO
TOTAL YEAR BUDGETED EXPENDI-
TURES FROM SECOND DISTRICT
ROAD FUND $88,9O0OO
ESTIMATED REVENUES
SOURCE AND KIND
1. Local Sources:
a. Auto Road and Bridge Privilege Tax $14yOOoO
b. All Other Local Revenue 12SOOO
Total Estimated Revenue from Local
Sources Other Than Taxation $6,SOeO
2. State and Other Outside Sources:
- Gasoline Excise Tax $ss,ooOyoo
/. Truck and Bus Privilege Tax 100000
C. Severance Tax
d. Reimbursement for Homestead Exemp-
ton
e. Other Revenue from Outside Sources
Total Estimated Revenue from State and
Other 43UOOO
Total Estimated Revenue from All Sources
Other Than Taxation 6S'WUU
Add Unencumbered Cash Balance from
Preceding Year ZSS1ooo
Total Cash and Estimated Revenues Other
Than Adv. Tax, less cash reserve for
1t quarters operation $6SSOU
Amount Necessary to be Raised by Tax
Levy 1SWUW
Total Cash and Estimated Revenues from
All Sources 1888 10000
*This amount should equal the amount representing the total
of estimated expenditures.
County Budget Form "RF''
Holmes County herald., 1961-08-31

TOTAL Cash AMI ESTIMATED T.
FROM ALL SOURCES $215,4O5 90
*This amount should equal the amount representing the total
of estimated expenditures.
County Budget Form RI
Final Estimates
HOLMES COUNTY
ROAD AND BRIDGE FUNDS
BUDGET OF ESTIMATED REVENUES AND
EXPENDITURES
For Fiscal Year Ending September 80, 1867
FIRST DISTRICT ROAD FUND
ESTIMATED EXPENDITURES
1. MAINTENANCE COSTS
a. Supervision supervisors, Engineer Sl,WOOO
b Salary and Wage (Road Employees) 100000
C. RIB Maintenance Material and Supplies,
Roads loOoOW
Bridge A,ooooo
Il Petroleum Products (Gasoline. OD 10, OO0.O 90
e Machinery Repair. Upkeep & Rental 100000
f. Other Operating Costs, including county's share
of State Retirement and Social Security 4,4S3.84
Total Budgeted Expenditures for Purposes Of
Maintaining Roads and Bridges $S,38384
2. CAPITAL OUTLAY
a. Construction Projects (other than State Add
10000
b. Purchases of Road Machinery and Equipment
c Debt Retirement 866. 16
d. Other incorporating and Capital Outlay Expendi-
lures
Total Budgeted Expenditures for Capital Outlay
81 1915 e
TOTAL YEAR BUDGETED EXPENDITURES FROM
FIRST DISTRICT ROAD U ~$104,0O0OO
ESTIMATED REVENUES
SOURCE AND KIM
l. Local Sources:
a. Auto Road and Bridge Tax Privilege Tax ST. 500 90
b. All Other Local Revenue
Total Estimated Revenue from Local Sources ST., 5000
Other Than Taxation $175OOOO
Arizona tribune., 1961-02-24
Bits Of This

Dinah Washington underwent
an appendectomy at a Chicago
hospital last week.
Enrol Garner continues his le-
gal fight against Columbia Rec
ords. He charges the firm is
sued records made from = essions
he had not okayed.
Ethel Waters is being boosted
to re-enter the limelight. She
recently appeared with the evan
gelism troupe of Billy Graham
Rafer Johns on. Olympics de-
cathlon champion has a role in
soon to be released flicker THE
Sins of Rachael Cade."
A new dramatic face was seen
on television this week. Enrol
John, a Trinidad native now liv-
ing in London has a role in the
"Rachel Cade" production.
Roy Hamilton tops the bill at
the famous Regal Theatre on
Chicago's southside this week.
Sam Cooke is reportedly ready
60 buy Elvis Presley's old Cad
lilac for a mere $1,000. Elvis
is rolling around in a special
Rolls Royce, now.
Leonard Calderon picked a
sure-fire attraction in Chubby
Checker. The beautiful ballroom
was filled to the rafters last
Sunday night.
Jim Titus, local disc spinner
is one of our few ear-pleasing
news reporters. Several of them
read the news as though they
couldn't read.
Arizona tribune., 1961-02-24
VNB DIGEST GIVES
SMOG REPORT

Unless public officials take
action, the Salt River Valleys
smog problem will get worse
before it gets better"
States the current Agricultural
News Digest, distributed by VAL
ley National Bank, in an analy-
sis of the states air pollution
problems.
Exhaust fumes and ''subdiv-
ision dust" are cited as two
main offenders.
Mine smelter smoke, the bank
publication states, apparently is
not a major factor. because dur
ing the three-month strike per-
iod in lo5o--When the smelterS
were not in operation IS Smog
seemed as acute as when the
chimneys were belching smoke"
However, everyone has his
own list of villains" the VN9
digest adds, expressing hope that
the legislature will appoint
committee to make an objective
study of the causes and come up
with some concrete suggestions.
Possible caus es other than
exhaust fumes, land development
and smelter smoke. include trash
burning, crop dusting, increased
industry, dust from unpaved
streets and highways and "even
aircraft, according to some OBJ
servers. ;"
Arizona tribune., 1961-02-24
YOUTH EMPLOYMENT
GROUP WILL GIVE
ANNUAL REVUE

Sertoma Club s 5th annual show
will be pres ented by the Youth
Employment Service March 10
and IL at West High School aud
itorium.
Directing this years show is
Lew Hackmeier of Southwest
Booking Corp. who has booked
professionals in valley night
clubs and theatres for several
years.
Modern Times" will feature
young talent from all over the
Valley of the Sun. Production
numbers are also under re-
hearsal.
This years product on pr ON
ises to be the finest ever pro-
duced," stated Wendy Schribner,
Sertoma representative. Co.
ordinating director is Jerry
Hard.
Tickets are now on sale at
Bill's Records in Uptown Plaza
and Park Central, and at Hills
Records, 923 Mil Ave. in the
Tempe Center, Tempe.
Arizona tribune., 1961-02-24

R E P OS S E S SED
Deep freeze. Cost $43o. Balance
$97. Washer Dryer, cost $3.50,
Bal. due $92. 5-pc. Western
set. bal. due $l39. Maytag Wash
er, Bal. due 500. Bunk beds,
bal. due $38. Tape recorder,
cost $3.50, bal. due $84. Simmons
Hide-ABed, bal. due $88. Bed
divan. bal. due $38. Large refr.
with ice maker, bal. due $93.
Will trade for anything. Call
BR 6-4lOl. 4lOl South Central
Arizona tribune., 1961-02-24
UPHOLSTERY

Any 2-pc. living room set re-
covered 500. Will trade for any
thing. BR 6-4l0l, 4l0l South
Central.
Arizona tribune., 1961-02-24
WANT ADS

WANT LISTINCS on land near
Hope. We sell-agent. AM S $1,000.
Arizona tribune., 1961-02-24

In every crowd there's always
room for one bore.
Arizona tribune., 1961-02-24

These Valley fashions
Wesley which will be held 6
the weekong observance of the fifteenth anniversary
the church's founding.
D. Williams, Sam
Solomon, Jackson, Miss Pat olns, Mesdames
John Edwards and Eva Nealey.
Arizona tribune., 1961-02-24
FOR RENT

A T TsR a G We
ONE BEDROOM APIS.
FURNIS SHED.
BR. 6-O655
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-08

air corridors and other meas
ures:
Because of the increasing
number Of flights between the
greater Berlin area and the
respective occupied zones Of the
four allied powers in Germany
and because their flights must
often be undertaken in condi-
tons of poorer visibility or at
night, involving risk of COLI
sions, their is a real need to
insure safety Of flights over the
occupied zones and the greater
Berlin area by means of a Sys-
tenn Of air corridors under
strict rules Of flight for all
aircraft using the corridors"
Powers Competence Shown
United States officials cited
this language as showing the
allies already had basic flight
rights to Berlin, and did not
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-08

November 80, 1945, Allied Con-
troll Council decision in a Sep
TENDER 2 note threatening re-
strictions on the flights which
the West regards as a vital life
line to West Berlin.
Document Cited by Reds
Moscow contends that under
the November, 1945, decision
the air corridors were tempo
rarily assigned exclusively for
supplying the needs of (West-
ern) military garrisons in West
Berlin" It said there never
was an agreement for uncon-
trolled commercial flights.
The key November, 1945,
reference only mentions "air-
craft" without saying what
kind or setting a time limit.
| The West claims it is entitled
to any kind of flights not spe-
officially prohibited. This is
because, in the Western view
Il the allies have unlimited access
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-08

rights to Berlin as World War
uconquerors Of Germany.
The West cites air agree
mentS with the SovietS only as
actions taken for safety and
convenience-not as creating
Western rights or limiting
them. And, according to West
ern claims, the West has lived
up to these agreements.
15-Year Precedent
In es1iti& - the basic
Western rights United States
officials said the West has on
it's side the precedent of Is
years of commercial flights
into Berlin starting with United
States airliners in 1916. They
said the Russians did not start
complaining about civilian
flights until 1858.
The air corridor argument
looms larger daily as the Red
squeeze tightens on Berlin.
The airlift saved West Berlin
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-08

derive them from corridors set
up for safety purposes. @
United States officials also
said the documents mostly
taken from control council and
air directorate proceedings of
1945-46-Showed the compe-
tence Of the four-power units to
set forth rules concerning air
traffic in Germany. The docu-
ImentS showed how the Control
Council was established. Under
the council were created the
co-ordinating committee, the
air directorate and its aviation
committee. Representatives of
the four powers sat on all
groups.
Last week the State Depart
ment made public a 1947 docu-
ment prepared by the Soviets
in which the Russians con-
tended the four powers had
agreed to unrestricted flights
by allied aircraft" through the
West Berlin corridors.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-08
GIRL WITH DOLLS
GOES TO COURT,
BEATS TAX BILL

LOS ANGELES (AP).-
They hailed Miss Judi Miss
man into Small Claims
Court yesterday to collect
$17.63 personal property
taxes. ~
She didn't have it. All
she owned were two dolls ,
named Margaret and Lu-
cille.
Tax collectors took one
look at blond, blue-eyed
Miss Missman and wrote
dismissed" across the
complaint. She's only 2.
Just a mistake, officials
said.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-08

against the 1882 Communist
blockade. Today the Western
corridors are filled with about
So, 900 flights a year.
The newly released docu-
ments showed that the main
1945 decision came from a
proposal by the air directorate
of the co-ordinating committee,
a body subordinate to the four
power control council.
The air directorate proposed
the three West Berlin corri-
doris in a reported Mated No
vember %, 1945, in the Ian
guage adopted. The co-ordi-
mating committee passed the
proposal to the control council
on November 81 Of that year,
and three days later the ruling
council approved the plan.
Reasons Given
The air directorate said this
was why it was proposing the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-08
More Papers Support
U.S.. Stand on Corridor

ing Communist surrounded
West Berlin with West Ger
many. 1t said:
Flight over these routes
(corridors) will be conducted
without previous notice being
given, by aircraft of the ma
tons governing Germany"
Parts of the documents were
quoted by the Western powers
in notes sent to Moscow today
warning the Reds not to tam
per with Berlin flights.
The Russians had cited thu
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-08
BY the Associated Press

The State Department made
public today additional docu-
mentS in a move to prove that
Russia once agreed to unham-
pered Western flights to Berlin
including flights by COM
mercial planes.
A key excerpt from one Of the
documents, agreed to by the
United States, Britain, France
and Russia on November 80,
1945, provided for the three
20-mile-wide air corridors link
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-08
the
smooth
look

You'll catch more than your fair share of
compliments when you appear in one of
these suits. Naturally squared shoulders,
slim body lines and slightly topered sleeves
combine to give you q tostefuIIy different
look smooth and seIf-ossured. The dark
coIors have the fashion spotlight this year
and that's why you'll be right whether you
choose navy, black olive, black brown
or charcoal. Come in for q try-on swM
soon. A)
open special clothing account or
use your regular shopping plate 4
MEMS cLoTHING-THE HEIGHT COAL STORES
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-08
Reasons Given

The air directorate said this
was why it was proposing the
Arizona tribune., 1961-03-01

of institutions of higher education.
Its main object is to prepare students
for special professions which cannot
be practiced in Europe without hold
ing one or several state deg grees.
Universities are the only existing
degree granting institutions. Other
institutions of higher Learning grant
diplomas.
Arizona tribune., 1961-03-01

a Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy,
a Faculty of Sciences and Faculty
of Letters. In addition, they include
numerous institutes or schools and
centers of research carried on in the
faculties, for universities are not only
degree granting institutions but also
centers responsible for the develop
ment of knowledge and erudition. q
Arizona tribune., 1961-03-01
RUSSIA = CONTINUED from pose s.

The school hours are $3.50 to 2:3O
with no study or recess periods dur
ing the day. Student factory workers
attend school from to 1880. All
schools are open six days per week
until 11:00. Students may return to
school for help with homework until
that hour. Russian schools use the
81 marking system. Students are
required to read 80 books annually,
but it was reported that they read be-
tween $50 to 300 books annually.
Higher education is carried on in
two types of institutions, the univer-
sity and the specialized institute.
Students study with tutors and begin
their major programs when they enter
the university.
In addition to the state stipend,
there are also personal stiPends SINH
lar to scholarships in the United States
which students may earn. Students
are dmitted to the University by
passing an examination prepared by
the state. Students who do not COM
plete this examination satisfactorily
may return to their general school and
re-aPply at later date. Students may
apply to only one institution. When
young person graduates, his record
is sent to the State Officials and he
is advised as to the area of work in
which he should go.
AS contrasted with the University
of Leningrad, the University of Kiev,
and the University of Moscow; Oxford
and Cambridge in England, the Sor-
bonne and the universities of Paris
and London provide more freedom for
the individual. The same situation
pertains, however, regarding exam
nations. There is no ma sters degree
either in England or in Russia. The
baccaulaureate degree is felt by
European and British authorities to
be equivalent to the masters degree
in the United States. The university
Rectors who are equivalent to our
college and university presidents are
appointed by the Minister of Higher
Education. Salaries are the same
throughout the country and there is
little or no turnover in faculties.
All of these institutions state
and private grant their own degrees
independently; neither the Federal
Government nor the State are respon-
sible for the granting Of degrees.
Arizona tribune., 1961-03-01

Generally, state degrees are re-
CURED for the practice of Law, Medi-
cine, Pharmacy and teaching in public
institutions and also for teaching
in private institutions when these re-
ceive state subsidies.
A university must necessarily in
clude Faculty of Law, Faculty of
Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy or
Arizona tribune., 1961-03-01

Generally, in Europe and Britain,
there is national system of educa-
tion, centralized at the government
level; the head of the system is the
Minister of National Education, he is
a member of the Cabinet.
Here, the term Higher Education"
covers all the different types of edu-
cation offered in very different types
of institutions to students holding at
least the "Baccalaureate" or equi-
valent.
A university is one of these types