davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-03-15
BY CHARLES G. BROOKS
star Staff Writer e.

The administration Is pegging
the price Of oral polio vaccine
10 times too high by proposing
to spend ST. Nnillion for 3 mil
lion doses. DR.. Albert B. Sabin,
developer Of the leading oral
vaccine. charged today.
Saying that the drug In
dustry has not yet computed
costs Of the vaccine, he said
the announcement yesterday by
President Kennedy il "preju-
dictal on the part Of the Gov
ernment" to the manufacture
and use Of oral vaccine.
DR.. Sabin declared 81 million
should buy 80 million doses
initially and the price should
go down as real mass produc.
ton In this country gets under
way. No company has been
licensed TO- produce the vaccine
commercially in this country
but at least one is expected to
qualify this spring.
Requires Three Doses
Interviewed by telephone In
Cincinnati, the scientist said
the proposed 3 million doses
could immunize only ! million
persons. There are three
strains Of the polio virus and
the Sabin vaccine comes in
three doses accordingly.
At the same time DR.. Sabin
criticized the proposal as not
going far enough. He said,
however. at is a good first
step. but a little one"
The administration plan is
to buy the vaccine and store it
as an emergency reserve
against epidemics.
But. said DR.. Sabin, wide
spread use Of the Salk vaccine,
which is injected, has "de-
pressed" large epidemics in this
country. The great need, he
said, is to immunize the thou
sands Of scattered persons who
haven't received it and thereby
wipe out polio.
He called for a Federal pro-
gram aimed largely at pre-
school and school children
through community projects.
DR.. Sabin said that last fall
he recommended to the United
States Public Health Service
that the Government set aside
$40 million to buy several hun
dred million doses" less than
Evening star., 1961-03-15
Light Quoke Felt

FERNDALE, Calf, Mari IS
(AP.-A light earthquake
jolted Southern Humboldt
County at 1923 o'clock last
night. No damage was reported.
Carl Helgestad Of the University
Of California's Ferndale seismo-
graph station said the shock
was centered in the Eel River
Valley, Is miles south Of here.
Evening star., 1961-03-15
Havana Stores Burn

HAVANA, Mar. is (AP).-
Fires blamed on saboteurs
heavily damaged two national
lied Woolworth stores early
today and seriously injured a
fireman. A fire bomb was found
in one store, officials said.
Evening star., 1961-03-15
Nebraska Becomes 32d
To Rotify D. c. Vote
40-l Victory Follows Illinois Passage;
Only Six More States Needed

Nebraska today became the 32d State to ratify the
proposed constitutional amendment granting District resi-
the right to vote for President and Vice President
The amendment hreezed through the one-house Legs-
lature at Lincoln by vote of 40-l, with two members
not voting. There was debate.
Illinois ratification was completed yesterday when the
Evening star., 1961-03-15
Tries to Bar
More Bias in
Aid Dispute
By GARNETT d. HORNER
Star staff wEitsr

~ OEAASANS = Os AAO4SANS~
Star staff wFiter
President Kennedy, appealed
to both sides IN the controversy
over Federal aid to parochial
schools today to guard against
provoking more religious preju-
dice.
The President told q news
conference that he hopes when
President Opposes Cut in 40-Hour
Work Week. Puss A-s
FreIinshuysen Discouraged on School
Aid Prospects. Poee C-l3
the smoke is cleared" from the
school aid dispute there will
continue to be harmony among
the various religious groups Of
the country"
Mr.. Kennedy opened the door
to the possibility that he might
consider some forms Of loans to
parochial and other private
schools to be socially desir-
able" and possibly constitu-
tional.
He stuck firmly by his posi-
ton, however, that Federal
grants or ''across the board"
loans to parochial schools would
be unconstitutional.
Would Encourage Study
On the question Of loans, the
President said his administra-
ton would be glad to Cooperate
with Congress In Q study Of
whether they can be made In-
der the Constitution. But he
said he hopes Congress viii act
first and separately on his pro-
posals for Federal aid to public
secondary schools.
He promised also that the
administration will Cooperate
with Congress-after action on
his bill-in studying whether
tax exemptions could be
granted to parents Of children
In private schools in lieu Of
direct Federal aid.
FOresees Some Chance
Reporters pressed the Presi-
dent for Q stateme ent on
whether he had any personal
opinion about the deSirability
of loans to parochial schools
aside from the constitutional
question.
He said he would have to
see what kind Of loans they
were before he could give. an
opinion, and then added that
there might be some kind Of
loan program that would be
socially desirable that does not
raise the constitutional ques-,
ton.
Thus Mr.. Kennedy, the coun-
try's first Catholic President,
remained at odds on the aid
issue with sookes-
men for the Catholic Church
who have been urging that
loans for parochial schools be
added to the administrators
Of public school aid.
Hopes to Curb Bias
The religious question was
raised by a reporter who told
Mr.. Kennedy that his election
last November was widely hailed
as "a victory over religious
prejudice" The reporter asked
the President if he thought the
stand Of the Catholic hierarchy
on the school aid program
may provoke more religious
prejudice"
Il am hopeful that 1t viii
not" the President replied.
He added: Il am going to do
everything chat I can to make
sure that that (religious) har-
mony exists because it reaches
See KENNEDY, Page AS
Evening star., 1961-03-15
South Africa
Pulls Out Of.
British Union
Mocmillun FuiIs
To Curb Pressure
Of Apurtheid Foes

601NOS1NB N0dIs 10 NtASJ.-
South Africa elected tonight to
quit the British Commonwealth
Of Nations rather than accept
condemnation Of its policy of
white supremacy.
The announcement came
after leaders Of Britain's global
alliance had spent Is hours in
a vain bid to reconcile the
views Of the opponents Of Prime
Minister Hendrix Verwoerd's
apartheid policy.
A British government spokes-
man said Mr.. Verwoerd had
mot walked out Of the con-
ference" but had withdrawn
South Africa's application to
stay within the alliance.
Prime Minister Macmillan
had toiled vainly to keep South
Africa within the organization
while answering the demands
Of other leaders Of the multi
racial group for q condemns
tion Of Mr.. Verwoerd's racial
segregation policies.
Foes Insist ON Censure
Last night all the other 10
countries agreed to let South
Africa remain but insisted on
the right publicly to dissociate
themselves from it$ white SUI
premacy policy. They consid-
cred these policies to be incon-
siStent with the ideals Of the
multiracial alliance.
All 10 independent partners
drew up Q statement spelling
out their readiness to okay its
continued membership. But
the statement also denounced
apartheid, flaying It's principles
of discrimination and reaftirln-
ing that the Commonwealth
stood for racial equality.
Mr.. verwoerd refused to
agree to the issuance Of this
declaration in the name of the
Commonwealth aS Q whole.
Means Trade L0ss
South Africa's withdrawal
means more than the loss of
huge trading and fiscal bene-
fits Of the Commonwealth sys-
TEN. It can arouse most Of
South Africa's Enelish-speakins
population.
South Africa'S continued
membership had been thrown
into debate because Of its
change Of status from q mon
archy to q republic.
Normally this would present
no problems. But other Com
Iaonwealth members - with
Asian and African nations in
the lead-are so incensed BY
the South African policy that
they insisted on an open con.
demnation Of apartheid as the
minimum price for approving
continued South African mem
bership.
The day opened with a sur
prise man-to-man talk between
Mr.. Verwoerd and Mr.. Mac
milan.
Mr.. Verwoerd has argued
that apartheid is the South
African governments internal
business and no affair Of the
other Commonwealth nations.
Mr.. Macmillan and Prime
Ministers Robert G. Menzies of
Australia and Keith Holyoake
OF New Zealand had been try
ing to smooth over the argu.
ment. They failed.
Warning by Nehru
Prime Minister Nehru Of
India, senior prime minister of
the conference, warned yester-
da that the Commonwealth
might disintegrate over the
apartheid issue.
A participant In the crucial
See SOUTH AFRICA, Page AS
Evening star., 1961-03-15
U. S. Is Pricing Vaccine
Too High, Sobin Says

! is currently being spent By
States and communities on thu
Saik vaccine.
He said it would be much
easier for the Federal Gov
lerhment to do the irnnnuniza'
ton job local Jurisdictions ar
trying to do.
AN excess Of the vaccine. h
said. could be used to helE
start the planned internatiOna
health program.
III we don't do It I can as.
sure you the Russians WILL" HI
declared. DR.. Sabin said many
countries are seeking the vac.
cine and that Russia has beer
producing his vaccine since
1853.
Uses Live Viruses
Nearly ell Of the Soviet'I
population has been iHmrnu.
nized," he said, "and they're
ready to start giving it tt
others"
The controversial Sabin vac
cine is made with live polio
viruses, unlike the Salk vac
cine, which Is made with killed
viruses. The Salk vaccine Il
rated at a six-month effective
life span. Dr.. Sabin said his
vaccine can be stored indefi.
'nitely by freezing.
He said manufacturers are
selling the Salk product ct from
10 to 20 cents per dose. The re-
tail price, he added, is as low
as Is cents per dose.
There is no reason" he
said, why the oral vaccine
wouldn't cost one-tenth to
one-twenty-fif Of that"
He said that the amount OF
kidney tissue used to produce
one dose Of Salk vaccine can
produce up to 100 times the
amount Of his vaccine.
The Sabin vaccine is cur
rently being produced in large
quantities by q number OF
countries but Charles Pfizer &
Co. has been handling most OF
the work on it in this country
Another oral vaccine, devel-
oped by DR.. Harold Cox and
produced by Lederle Labora-
tories, also has been used In
test programs. DR.. Cox, how
ever. has been quoted as say
ing one obstacle to mass pro-
-duction is q Public Health
Service requirement that the
vaccine be completely free
from other viruses.
Evening star., 1961-03-15
Broad Revision Drafted
For Agriculture Setup
Kennedy to Ask Congress Approval
Of Plan to Let Formers Pick Proorum
By the Associated Press

President Kennedy expected to ask Congress tomorrow
to approve farm stup under which growers would write
their own crop programs, subject to legislative Veto
This would be radically different from existing pro-
grams although the idea is not Legislation along these
lines defeated last year after being introduced by
Evening star., 1961-03-15
SPACE PIONEERS
CHANCES GOOD

THE FIRST MAN up In the Msr-
euV spOes capsule will have better
survival chances thGn his jet fighter
colleagues, according to o Convoir
official. The Stars science writer,
WilIiom Hines, reports on PGse Do.
Evening star., 1961-03-15
Guide for Readers

Amusements B-S-s Feutures --p.6-7
Business --B-1z-l4 Lost, Found ---A-3
Classified D-e-I6 0bitucy --.B-4.s
Comics --D-l7-ls Society,"
Crossword Dip Home ---c.I.l0
Editorial ----A-24 Sports ---B.l5-l9
Edit1 Articles AIS N-Rcdio B-l0-lI
Hove The Stor Delivered to
Your Home Dolly and Sunday
DioI Lincoln 5000
Evening star., 1961-03-15
3 Arrested
AtPentdgonin in
Numbers Raid
HundIe in Racket
Estimated at Up to
$500, 900 Yearly
BY JOHN NEARY
Star Staff Writer

A numbers syndicate in the
heart Of the Pentagon was
smashed today by more than
Q score Of Treasury agents led
by q United States attorney
who said the operation was
crossing from a quarter to half
q million dollars q year.
Striking at noon. the opera
tives concluded an intensive
undercover job by arresting 80
persons and issuing warrants
for 8 others.
"The significance Of today's
raid is organized crimes ability
to make such unbelievable in
roads into the nerve center of
our Nations defense establish
ment," said United States At
torney Joseph s. Bambacus of
Richmond.
Mr.. Bambacus said the raid
resulted from three months of
intensive investigation which
gave agents o good estimate of
the size Of the operation.
Probe on for 8 Months
The raid centered around q
large first-floor locker room on
the South side Of the huge
building. The area is used by
Defense Supply Service en-
ployes, mostly laborerS who use
the locker room and wash
rooms.
The raid was timed to CO.
ordinate with the lunch hour
of many Of them.
Mr.. Bambacus said q con-
siderable amount of money and
lottery slips were seized in the
raid, which was carried out
with elock-Iike precision. There
was rP resistance, he added.
Twehty-three Treasury In
telligence Division agents or
dered the men to lire up and
raise their arms above their
heads.
8 Charged 40 Writers
Six Of those arrested were
charged with writing numbers
and failing to have the required
$50 Federal gambling stamp.
Warrants were held for two
others on the same charge. The
penalty for this crime is one
year In prison. $4,000 fine or
both.
Twenty six others were
charged with participating In
q numbers game on Federal
property. One other warrant
on this charge, carrying q g.
month jail term and $500 fine,
was outstanding.
Mr.. Bambacus credited care
fully co-ordinated planning for
success Of the drive. He was
assisted by Plato Cacheris and
Harvey B. Cohen Of his office,
and by william @. Hundley,
special assistant to the Attor-
ney General, and Edwin Silber-
ling, chief Of the Justice De-
partment's organized crime
and Racketeering Section in
planning the details.
Names Listed
Charged with failure to have
a $50 Federal gambling stamp
were: James Nollie Davis, a,
Of the $500 block of Ninth
street NV: Edwin Dubose, 43,
Of the 2300 block of Pitts place
Sc: William M. Sheppard, IL,
Of the 600 block Of Marshall
drive, Falls Church; Robert
Studevent, 80, Of the 7200 block
Of George Palmer highway,
See RAID, Page AS
Evening star., 1961-03-15
TIE IMHAFuEn. Full Report
''G V6AbIt1N' on Peee Az

District and vicinity-Fair tonight, low
about "a in the city and in the high 20s
in the outlying suburbs Some cloudiness
and cooler tomorrow. High and low Of the
last "a hours: High, so, at 10:30 pm. yes
terday; low, SO, at $3.50 am. today.
Arizona tribune., 1961-05-05

CHICAGO, Ill. - After many
years, the first Negro city police
lieutenant will be appointed. Po-
lice Sgt. George T. Sims was
among the l8 eligible Negro po-
licemen who applied and took the
examination, and successfully
passed.
Arizona tribune., 1961-05-05

'zTIV 'xIueoud
.5pTa Io4 rde0
.ur1-seArQoIv eqeaS
Arizona tribune., 1961-05-05

Chicago White Sox president
Bill Veeck took a significant
and decisive step toward racial
integration when he ordered Andy
Frain, head of the nationwide
service that supplies uniformed
ushers at ball parks, football and
boxing stadiums and at race
tracks, to hire Negro youths
among his Comiskey Park usher
staff. Now. IA efficient young
Negroes are on duty at the 35th
and Shields ave. park for the
first time.
Evening star., 1961-11-30

SIV. SPR., VACANT Corners
area; Indian Spring village; g.
bedrm. brk. rambler: completely
redec.. floors sanded ana new
tile on kit. and din. rm.: storm
windows and doors; SIS. $50. Sale
or lease with option: will trade.
rrX 70 III O-OnRE 10 E-On1 Y
Evening star., 1961-11-30
HOUSES FOR SALIVA.
ALEXANDRIA
NEED ROOMo

NELL MUM
THREE BEDROOMS. TWO BATHS,
FULL BASEMENT with rec. rm,
and utility room. Truly PRACTI-
CAL and COMFORTABLE living
with only $3.50 down. For full de-
tails on how TO get MOST ROOM
FOR THE MONEY, call now 8 to @,
Evening star., 1961-11-30

KENTLAND
MOVE in before Christmas. As
sumo present loan with small
down payment.
SEABROOK
3-bedrm., 11z-bath rambler, full
bSmt.: many extras; $4,000.
PRINCE GEORGES REALTY CO.
THE HOUSE OF HOMES
I'm 4-11fi6
Evening star., 1961-11-30
HOUSES FOR SALE
CAPITOL MILL

CAPITOL HILL, best location; pa
ito and parking-3 bedrms., ~
baths. separate din. rm. S2i 800,
EXCLUSIVE. MISS ROBERTS, III
6-6494. MILLICENT CHATEL q
JOSEPH NJ. WISE, INC.
Evening star., 1961-11-30
REALTORS SINCE 1906
WESTGATE AREA

WESTGATE AREA
White Cape Cod with 1st fl. bedrm.
and powder room: liv. rrn., sep,
din. rln., rear screened porch; .
bedrms. and bath on 2nd II. Panel
ed rec. rm. or library with stone
firepl.; detached garage. walking
Valley shops. 2 blks. from West
Moreland Circle churches; good
transp. Price S21,500. in1med.
possess. Ewes. call MRS, NC
KINLEY, ia. 2-2451.
w. G. & A. N. MILLER DEV. CO.
LIST YOUR HOME WITH Us
Evening star., 1961-11-30
POTOMAC
2N ACRES

Il "a AS1bGO
Spacious center-hall rambler; large
living rm. with fireplace, huge
lst-fl. family room with beamed
ceiling and open hearth, dream
Kitchen. 4 bedrms.. 212 baths,
laundry rm. This exquisite home
has many extra features which
will satisfy even the most dis
eliminating buyer; immediate pos
session; priced in low sos:
TED LINGO, INC.
I545 Rockville Pike HA. 7-4500
POTOMAC-GLEN HILLS HUNT,
across road from country club.
Open Sun. and daily. 1-7-4 and
8 full twin bedrms., 8 baths.
Early American split-level rambs.
and Colonials on 1-acre lots. Out
of-ground club rms. w/firepls.,
lge. liv. rm., guest-sized din. rms,
family kits, full bsmts.; 2-car
gar. /carport combs. w/garden
sheds: mid-30s; near excel
schools, shops and Metro. Wash
DIR: Out Wis. ave. through
Beth, left on new Rte. $40. right
on Rte. IS two miles, left on
Glen Mill I'd. to homes.
William D. Lucas Assoc.
Evening star., 1961-11-30

disnt heat, fen. lot. Choice terms.
S0UTHLAWN RLTY. 24s.5522
Evening star., 1961-11-30
HOUSES FoR sALE-MD.
PRINCE GEORGES COUNTY

PALMER PARK 3-bedrm
rambler, tiled kitchen, con.
venient to everything. Ar
proximately $500 settlement.
move in at Ss7 mo. or as
sumo present 4IzsL loan and
pay only S66.63 a month,
Evening star., 1961-11-30
SILVER SPRING

s16.359 brick Colonial, close-in,
blvd. Sep. dining room, nice kitch-
en-, lge. living rm., full basement,
fenced lot, walk to all schools and
buses. FILA terms. WOODSIDE
REALTY CO., JU. 9-6440. Open
Evening star., 1961-11-30
HOUSES FOR sALE-MD.
MONTGOMERY COUNTY

HOME IN THE CITY
Over ] u acres with trees. Close in,
near all eonVenienceS; excellent
condition throughout; 4 bedrms.,
plus paneled den. , fun baths. .
car garage; $1,000 dn. FHA. S92
Evening star., 1961-11-30
HOUSES FOR sALE-MD.
MONTGOMERY COUNTY
10 IopAf's BEsT .I BUY

WHEATON. Immaculate 3-bedrm.
split-level featuring large din.
area. kit.Nwith eating space; large
hV. rm.. huge master bedrm-,
built-in garaRe: 90 By $50 lot;
priced way below market at S16,-
$50. 500 dn. FHA. PO. 2-3140.
SUBURBAN PROPERTIES MGT.
Evening star., 1961-11-30

Townhouse of elegance and charm
beautifully decorated and modern
ized in every detail; spacious LIST
H., 4 bedrms., 81 baths, extra
liv. rnn. Of unusual character on
ground floor; maids I'm. and
parking.
Evening star., 1961-11-30
CONTINUED,

ANDREWS, Jones Point Bridge area
Tm.. sep. din. rm., lge. kit. wall
oven, full bSmt.: close 10 schools
$3.50; option to buy. 24s-7566.
Evening star., 1961-11-30

CHEVERLY, close 70 D. C., NSA,
and Andrews Air Force Base-3-
peorm. Colonial. dining area in
to-Wall csrpeting on LIST floor.
garage and screened porch; ask
ing SfS.5O0.
R. v. WALDRoN co.
Realtor WA, 5-Isa3
Evening star., 1961-11-30
HOUSES FOR sALE-MD.
MONTGOMERY COUNTY
(coNTINUEpl

BETHESDA: nr. Naval Hosp. and
NIH-Redecorated 3-bedrm.. ga
bath. brick split-leyel. LiV. rm.
with Cathedral ceiling. separate
din I'm. eompl. equip. kit. with
breakfast area. Rec. I'm. above
ground level with firepl.. study or
4th bedrm., equip. laundry. car
port. Owner trans; S29. 900. KOR-
zENDoRFER. REALTORS. OIL A.
Evening star., 1961-11-30
Shannon & LuchS
REALTORS SINCE 1905
ARLINGTON, NORTH

Continued On Next PaseS
Evening star., 1961-11-30
HOUSES FOR sALE-MD.
PRINCE GEORGES COUNTY
CONTINUED

BRICK RAMBLERs-Nev, spacious
3 bedrms- wLpossible 4th. baths
t3rd roughed in). wonderful Ice.
paneled rec. rm., extra Ice beauti-
ful kit. W/dishWasher and eating
space. carport. High elevation.
1OO5-7 18TH ave. IeWisdale area ,
] mile to DC. Quick poss. JOHN
Il. Johnson A9o-1511
Evening star., 1961-11-30

LANDoVER-Starter home, no SIS
down to vets and $50 per mo.
for this pretty bungalow in fine
location; 8 bedrms., equipped kit.
large lot with trees and shrubs;
already VA approved for $4,000.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-17
Finland 10 Ask
NoAid Grant
By the Associated Press

Finnish President Urho Kek-
konen said today his nation
seeks no grants of financial aid
from the United States or any
nation.
He proudly recalled that Fin
land has repaid every penny
of loans it received after the
devastation Of World War II.
The Firms, he said, DO not
wish this to be regarded as a
unique achievement - The
strict fulfillment Of all our
commitments and contracts is
the cornerstone of our foreign
policy"
Mr.. Kekkonen, here tor con-
ferences with President Ken
nedy. told a National Press
Club audience, I'VE do continue
to seek foreign loans, but every
cent will be paid back with in
tereSt. as has been done in the
past"
He noted Mr.. Kennedy's
statement after their initial
conference yesterday that the
United States would "scrupu-
lousy respect" Finland's neu-
trality. and said. Such state
ments are appreciated in Fin
land"
Much Of his speech was de-
voted to explaining why Fin
land has no choice but to be
neutral and what the Finnish
concept of neutrality is.
After World War II, he said,
we had seen that Finland
could ignore the vital Sc
curity interests of the Soviet
Union only at Its peril. We
had also found that we could
not seek security from protec-
ton by others"
The result, he said. was that
Finland had to convince Rus
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-17
Orators Harangue Crowd

Bystanders and curiosity
seekers who pause on their way
home to watch the spectacle
are a great asset to the fanat-
les at the core Of the crowd.
They swell the numbers and
confuse police, who have no
time to draw fine distinctions
between the innocent and
guilty, once action starts.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-17

lation is estimated to be anti
Communist. Only IS per cent
are members of the Communist
controlled university student
union. and less than that are
active members.
But the small minority is
well-organized and fanatically
The rs per cent
minds its own business and gen.
orally turns its back on politics.
The same situation exists in
almost every major city in
South America.
The Alliance for Progress
against social injustice and
economic backwardness is a
major attempt to reverse the
balance. But fine words soon
lose their meaning among
problems nurtured for $50
years. Even the most concerted
action will take years-not
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-17

STA that Its security in no cir
cumstances can be threatened
through Finland. Our re-
lations are friendly and nor
NAL. And I am convinced they
will remain So"
Mr.. Kekkonen and Mr.. Ken
nedy were to meet again late
today at the White House to
close two days of talks.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-17

CAT, male, beautiful gray stripe. with
little gold; vic. Brightwood ia.
PUPPY. toy puddle, white; vic. North
Arlington. IA. 7-6055
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-17

Published Daily and Sunday
at 226 Virginia Ave. Sc.
Second Class Postage Paid
at Washington, d. C.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-17
Rusk to See Press

Secretary of State Rusk will
hold a news conference at 4
pm. tomorrow, the State De-
partment announced today. His
last previous appearance be-
fore newsmen was with Treas
ury Secretary Dillon on August
%. His last solo news confer
ence was July 81.