davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-06-26
Freedom Rides, World Headlines

strations have occurred in
the last few days against an
official representative Of the
United States Government
Adlai Stevenson, Ambassador
to the United Nations.
He says the demonstrations
against him were Communist
inspired.
Few countries today are
immune from artificially con-
trived demonstrations which
are deliberately initiated to
stir UP trouble. and perhaps
these hurt a nations Image"
before the world.
It is, to be sure, hard to
offset the effect abroad of
dispatches that exaggerate
troubles inside the United
States, but it should not be
as difficult as the USIA con-
tends it is to give the true
story of what the Freedom
Riders did-with or without
the encouragement of the
Kennedy administration to
stir up friction and bad feel
ing that inevitably resulted
in violence. The Federal
courts could have dealt with
the problem Of waiting-room
integration, and the Inter-
state Commerce Commission
could long ago have given
them the legal basis. But the
originators of the Freedom
Rides thought they could get
better publicity by demon
strations. presumably because
they felt that "the courts are
too slow" 1t is here at home
that an information agency
effort is needed, especially
among those impassioned in
dividuals who think the an
swer to every i'll is an "execu-
tive order by the President"
to be issued without waiting
for the courts.
For just a few days ago
the Rev. Martin Luther King.
jr., the Negro leader who has
been in the forefront of the
so-called non-violence move
ment in the South, declared
that he intends to demand
Of the President that he put
an end, by executive order,
to segregation throughout the
United States. He says this
is needed to prevent Negroes
bitterness from rising to "an
explosive point" Apparently
he doesn't want to wait for
the "slow processes of the
courts"
(copyrisht, 1861
Evening star., 1961-06-26
DORIS FLEEsoN
Bomb Decision Tests Kennedy

long experience in decision
making Of such magnitude.
Then he must handle public
opinion, which is never sat
isfied with anything to which
the flavor Of kitchen cabi-
net attaches.
Cuba was q disaster for
him not just because it
failed; had it succeeded its
value was dubious. The
charge that clings is that he
did not protect the presi-
dency from the consequences
of failure. CIA Director
Dulles and his deputy, Rich
ard Bissell, are expendable
even though they have not
yet been expended, but the
presidency is not.
Kennedy did not improve
on this situation with his
own impulsive direction Of
the prisoners-for- r-tractors ex-
change. Now that has fallen
flat and it was all too plain
early in the game that both
Kennedy and Castro have
been working toward that end
with each taking pains to
fix it so that each could
blame the other.
This is too paltry a busi-
ness for the presidency and
one much more suited to the
back room at City Hall. Be-
cause of the nature of the
Cuban situation, not much
can be made of it politically
by Republicans, but the
damage to the leadership
principle remains.
The irony is that Kenne-
dy's advisers write books
about just such matters,
most of them with great
academic brilliance. Appar-
emily the light that beats
about the throne dazzles
them fully as much as 1t
did some well-known White
House cronies of the not-so-
distant past.
The President does not
need to delegate authority
but to exercise it. He does
not need to narrow his circle,
but to expand it.
Evening star., 1961-06-26
ItoIy, Austria to Seek
South yroI Mediation

| try to use diplomatic contacts
to reach agreement on where
outside mediation should be
sought.
Italy wants to refer the dis
pute to the international Court
lof Justice in the Hague but
Austria favors putting the
issue directly before United
Nations Secretary General Dag
Hammarskjold. The last Gen.
eral Assembly urged the two
countries to work out an agree-
ment between themselves.
Italy Makes Offer
Mr.. Segni said Italy Offered
to turn over to the Alto Adige
regional government m a n >
functions now handled by
Rome. Austria protested the
German speaking residents
would still have only a minority
voice and stood firm for "ful
regional autonomy for the
province of Bolzano."
Dynamitings and other Sabo.
tage attacks have cut trade ir
the Alto Adige tourist country
by 40 per cent. Both Italy
and Austria have blamed eacf
other for the recent outbreaks
Of violence, but the violence
generally is attributed to th'
German-speaking people.
Italian guards yesterday fireC
at providers who strayed to-
close to electric power lines
bridges and other vital In
stallations but did not hit any
/ one.
An italian and three Ger
man-speaking residents wer
| arrested for carrying ex
Y1lNcirya0
Evening star., 1961-06-26
WILLIAM S. WHITE
When Friends Can Be Dangerous

the maintenance Of our posi-
ton in Berlin-have stood
with this Democratic Presi-
dent.
True, the Republican Ma
tional Committee has shown
some signs of fishing for par
tisan minnows in foreign poll
icy waters. But this doesn't
mean much. No politician
of stature. pays any. atten-
ton to national commit
tees In matters like this. Thus
the elected Republicans have
criticized the President not
for, showing strength but
only whenever, in their be-
lief, weakness has crept in.
Not merely Republican con-
servativeS but also Republic
can liberals-including such
usually doctrinaire types as
Senator Javits Of New York
are doing useful service in
counteracting liberal Demo-
cratic pressures on the Presi
dent for a timid stance. The
g. o. P, of course, may yet
wander off into mere sniping.
But it will not If former Pres
ident Eisenhower, Gov. Rock
efeller of New York-and
Richard Nixon. for that mat
ter-have their way.
What it all proves again
is that foreign policy is too
important to be trusted to
the decent, but inept, Demo-
cratic Left. Both Presidents
Roosevelt and Truman found
this to be so.
These fellows are fine at
: combating national misery,
and the conservatives usual
ly are not. But they don't
function well in confronting
world peril. The reformer's
mind, for all its value other
wise, is a very poor thing to
have around when force and
power must be brought into
play in this world.
Evening star., 1961-06-26
Some Kennedy Portisons Called Strong
On Home Reforms, Weak on Cold War

it most counts in the cold
war.
This mind is so taken UP
with home reforms it loses
the central truth that the
wide free world will never be
saved by housing programs,
however decent, or plans for
distressed areas, however
sound. This mind turns to-
ward an : honest, but also
comparatively petty, concern
with the comparatively trivial
at the expense of the in
dispensable.
What relative significance,
really, has the finest possible
minimum wage standard
when the whole West faces
mortal danger and never so
required national unity in
national strength?
And yet the demonstrable
fact is that wherever the
President has been undercut,
beginning with the invasion
Of Castro Cuba and now in
his efforts to maintain a firm
line over Berlin, it has been
by doctrinaire liberals Of his
own party. in and out Of Of
flee. From these sources
alone have come every i'm
portant pressure on him to
temporize, with international
communism, to substitute
hopeful talking for open de-
termination and hone e st
power.
Moreover, the most damag-
ing thrusts at the foreign aid
program are coming more
from these sources than from
moderates and conservatives,
IN whatever party. All the
national and elected Republic
cans in the one vital thing
Evening star., 1961-06-26

On the life : or death
foreign policy issues, PreSi-
dent Kennedy finds that his
real trouble is not with his
supposed enemies, the Re-
publicans. Those giving him
the most embarrassing-and
most dangerous-trouble are
those who like him all too
much, the liberal Democrats.
In unhappy truth they are
mostly chronically weak
both in a sense Of history
and in realism. To them, the
!. ultimate reality is the plight
of the common man" in the
United States. 1t is not the
plight Of all men-common
or uncommon, bad old con-
servatives or good young
liberals-before the creeping
glacier of imperialist COM
muniSm.
Both in the looming crisis
over Berlin and in the Presi-
dents hard struggle at home
for his new foreign aid bill
for collective security, those
who cry loudest their devo-
ton for his administration
are doing it the most harm.
The Republicans have on
the whole behaved respon-
sibly on Berlin. And on for
eign aid a good number Of
, them are likely to wind up as
his decisive allies in the end.
What is unfolding here Is
another illustration Of a
truism Of our politics: The
: kind of liberal Democratic
mind which gives glad as
sistance to President Ken
nedy on domestic questions
! tends to be incapable Of ac-
cepting his Cor any other
President's) leadership where
Evening star., 1961-06-26
DAVID LAWRENCE

Time was when public
opinion in America decried
the lynching of Negroes and
denounced those white mob
sters who said, "The courts
are too slow" and I'VE can't
wait for the courts - he's
guilty. anyhow"
In recent weeks dozens Of
Freedom Riders have been
going to Alabama and Mis-
sissippi for the express pur-
pose Of conducting so-called
"non-violent" demonstrations
that have frequently pro-
duced violence. The cry of the
demonstrators is: I'VE have
waited long enough for the
courts to act"
AS a result of these regret
table activities, the United
States Information Agency
has just reported to the Edu-
cation and Labor Commit
tee Of the House of Repre-
sentatives at a hearing in
New York that reaction to
the violence in Alabama was
so sharp abroad that it out
weighted attempts by well
informed journalists" to put
the events into perspective.
The Information Agency
said that the worldwide
headlines and news stories
presented a stark picture"
but the Voice Of America
broadcasts have resulted in
a more perceptive reaction to
the deplorable recent episodes
than was true q few years
ago-say at the time when
Little Rock was in the head
lines"
Perhaps the most signifi-
cant comment was trans
mitted to the hearing by Ed
ward r. Murrow, head Of the
USIA, who declared: I'VE
cannot make good news out
Of bad practice"
1t is bad pratice" Of
course when the Republican
administration sends in Fed
eral troops or the Democratic
administration sends in Fed
edral nnarshals to do that
which the States primarily
are empowered to do by the
Federal OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES
ly, to handle police cases in
side q State, The moment the
Federal authorities assume
the right arbitrarily to pass
Evening star., 1961-06-26

body Of 81 local Jewish commu-
nifty agencies and six major
Jewish organizations, made its
recommendations in a resolu-
ton adopted yesterday at the
end of a four-day policy and
planning meeting here.
The comprehensive civil
rights resolution also asked for:
Laws to eliminate the poll tax
and literacy tests for voting
establishment Of a fair en-
ployment practices commission
and continuation and broaden
ing Of the civil rights commits
sion.
Evening star., 1961-06-26
USIA Reports Unf0voroble Reaction
To Violent Effects of Non-V Violent Drive

judgment on the efficiency
Of local government-some-
thing not authorized by the
Federal Constitption-it be-
comes a news story Of world
wide Importance. For, in ef-
feet, it is a confession that
Federal court procedures are
considered too slow to satisfy
the mob spirit. Racial diStur-
Dances have gone on for years
in different parts of the coun-
try-including the North
but unless the President of
the United States or the At
torney General by sensational
intervention gives the distur-
Dances international news
value, many of the incidents
do not even make the front
pages at home.
The USIA'S latest report
assesses the Alabama and
Mississippi incidents Gin
terms Of their impact on the
American image abroad" But
who and what makes the Am
erican image?" How can any
fair assessment be made by
peoples in those countries
which are themselves permit
ting riot tactics? The Murrow
report gives a summary Of re-
actions in different areas Of
the world-Africa. the Far
East, Western Europe and
Latin America, as well as the
Soviet Union and Communist
China. But in almost every
territory mentioned it would
appear that there are people
in glass houses throwing
stones"
For in Africa scarcely a
week passes without riots or
disorders, many of them re-
sulting in loss Of life in the
newly created states.
Who can serve as critic in
France where over the week
end the Premier had to resort
to nationwide radio to stem
the mounting anger Of
French peasants who, as one
dispatch puts it. "are block
ing roads and storming Off
cial buildings to call atten-
ton to the sorry state Of
French agriculture?"
In Great Britain, there are
demands in Parliament for Q
quota on Negro immigrants
a form Of segregation.
In Latin America, demon
Evening star., 1961-06-26
Jopon Roins Kill l9,
Flood $4,000 Homes

TOKYO, June 26 (AP).-
Nineteen persons were reported
killed, Is injured and IL miss
ing in the years biggest down.
pour which has pounded South
western Japan since Saturday
More than $4,000 houses
were flooded up to noon Mon
day in six prefectures in the
Shikoku- -Kinki area, 800 miles
southwest of here.
Rice fields also suffered
heavy damages.
Evening star., 1961-06-26
Inteerotion Law
Urged by Jews
By the Associated Press

A major Jewish group ha!
urged that Congress pass q Law
requiring all States to take first
steps by 1868 in compliance
with the Supreme Courts school
integration ruling.
The group. the National Com
munity Advisory Council, also
called on Congress to provide
technical and financial aid tc
school districts seeking to COM
ply with the desegration order.
The council. co-ordinatine
Evening star., 1961-06-26

ROME, June 26 (AP).-Italy
and Austria have decided to
seek outside mediation in their
dispute over South Tyrol. But
they still must agree on who
will mediate.
A third round Of foreign min
isters' talks ended inconclu-
,sively yesterday in Zurich,
Switzerland.
italian Foreign Minister An
tonic Segni said on returning
to Rome that the Austrian del
egates refused to give ground
y in their demand that the pre-
= dominantly German speaking
Bolzano province in South Ty-
rol be given a large measure Of
virtual independence.
Austria has accused Italy
with discriminating against the
German-speaking territory it
took over after World War by
merging Bolzano with Italian
speaking Trento into a region
known as the Alto Adige. The
merger put the Italians from
Trento in the majority in the
province, allowing them to
dominate the German speaking
population.
Three Are Killed
The long smouldering dispute
flared into an outbreak Of vic.
lence last week that has taker
three lives and sent 10000 Ital'
ian troops into the picturesque
Alpine region to preserve order
Mr.. Segni and Austrian
Foreign Minister Bruno Kreisk,
said before leaving Zurich tina
direct negotiations appeared
hopeless and they would now
Evening star., 1961-05-08

Struction Of a carrier, a cruiser
and a frigate present some i'm
pressive figures. The huge
80, ,000-ton nuclear carrier En-
terprise is costing about $435
million - about 500 million
more than an oil-burning ship
would cost. The same, or a
higher. ratio, holds for the
cruiser and frigate.
The break with this policy
was indicated early last month.
Mr.. Connally, in a talk to
Washington area naval Off
GERS who included virtually
everyone at policy making
level. spoke out strongly for
atom power in more surface
ships. He said:
"A single ship. will be
able to range over $50 miles a
day anywhere. In the era of
multiple trouble spots and
limited wars. would not two
nuclear-powered frigates be
worth three ships that are tied
to oilers and preoccupied with
fuel conservation? We need to
think big, and we'll into the
Evening star., 1961-05-08
House Unit Asks
NASA to Spur
A-Rocket Plan
BY the Associated Press

The National Aeronautics
and Space Administration is
being prodded by the House
Space Committee to make a
nuclear-powered space vehicle.
A report prepared by the
committee staff called on
NASA yesterday to put more
money into the highest nation
al priority to the project.
The nuclear rocket develop
ment program. known as
Project Rover, is a Joint under
taking by NASA and the
Atomic Energy Commission.
If this Nation is serious
about manned space flight and
deep space exploration. it is
the conviction of the commit
tee that nuclear propulsion
must be developed in spite Of
Its high cost. and that Pro-
tect Rover should be admins
tered in a more dynamic man.
ner than in the past" the re-
port said.
Based on successful tests of
q nuclear reactor it developed.
the ACC has expressed con-
fidence a nuclear rocket is
feasible. NASA's job is to
provide the vehicle for the
rocket.
Evening star., 1961-05-08

he said, his company will pay
more attention to the hemis-
phere, going to American capi-
tails to gather news mot just
for major news stories like
earthquakes and government
upheavalS, but for a con-
tinuing effort to reflect the
daily life and problems Of our
hemisphere neighborS."
NBC, Mr.. Sarnoff announced.
recently opened bureaus in Bue-
nos Aires and in Rio de Janeiro.
as well as in Ottawa.
1.-THE enemies Of freedom. ="
he declared. have seized every
opportunity to exploit this
power of mass communication.
Castro. for example. has expro-
priated the entire Cuban
BroadcaSting System and is
using it to the hilt for his pro-
paganda purposes. AS in other
relationships, there is no free
press in Cuba and no free
broadcasting. In addition, Gu
ban television has established
close ties with all Communist
bloc countries.
The manufacturers who sup
ply the needs of radio and tele-
vision meanwhile unveiled more
than So million worth of elec-
tronic gadgetry at the Shore
ham Hotel. convention head
Evening star., 1961-05-08
HOLLY WOOD
Heston Sits One Out
By SHEILAH GRAHAM

HOLLYWOOD (NANA). -
With Charlton HestOn prefer
ring to sit the next film out,
John Wayne will probably get
Dean Martin for co-star in
"Comancheros." with tn a t
pretty, new actress, Ina Balm,
to supply the love interest.
AS for Heston, he saw Sir
Laurence Olivier in Beckett" in
New York and regretted might
lily that his assignment in Eel
Cid" prevented his taking over
the title role when Sir Larry
switched to playing the king
Danny Kaye received a clean
bill Of health from the Mayo
clinic and will be leaving in
a few days for Japan.
John Huston has asked to see
the Natalie Wood starrer for
Ella Kazan, "Splendor in the
Evening star., 1961-05-08
Sarnoff Urges
" Network
For Americas
BY the Associated Press

Robert w. Sarnoff. chairman
of the National Broadcasting
Co.. yesterday proposed a Latin
American television network as
the first step toward intercon-
tinental broadcaSting with the
approach of the satellite COM
munications age.
In an address to the Inter
American Association of Broad
casters. Mr.. Sarnoff suggested
that such a network should
first link Brazil. Uruguay, Ar
gentina. Peru. Bolivia, Chile
and Mexico. the seven coun-
tries Of the Latin American
common market.
Later. he said, the network
could expand to cover other
Latin American nations.
| He announced a new con-
cept" in NBC news coverage
in Latin America. Henceforth,
Evening star., 1961-05-08

Grass" Sounds like Natalie will
be going into analysis-Hus-
tons next movie is Freud. !"
Before Peter UStinOv took off
for England. he asked CharIed
LaughtOn to Join him with
Robert Ryan in Billy Budd !"
Peter also stopped off in Wash
ington, D. c., to show his "Ro-
and Juliet" to a dis
tinguished group which in
cluded Mrs. John Kennedy. e.
Warmers and Paramount are
in Jeffrey Lynn's
Broadway show MAY 25D. "a
Call on Kuprin" - about the
first Russian shot into space
Good timing.
EIvis Presley was telling of
the kinds in Hawaii during his
Evening star., 1961-05-08

several influences.
First is that of John B. Con-
nally, new Secretary Of the
Navy and friend of powerful
figures in Congress and the ad-
ministration.
Next is opinion in congress
sional quarters. Last week, the
House Armed Service Commit
tee. headed by Chairman Vim
son, Democrat of Georgia. rec
commended that the Navy build
two nuclear-powered frigates
instead of three such ships
powered by oil.
Finally, and most constantly
Is Vice Admiral H. G. Rickover,
for more than a decade a prime
and persistant exponent OF
atomic power for submarines,
ships and electric generating
plants.
Policy Up to Now
Up to now, the view Of in
fluential Navy officials in the
budgeting and operations de-
partment Gas expressed in
speeches and before congress
sional committeeS has been
this:
1t is better to use money to
build more standard power ships
than to use the same amount OF
money to build fewer nuclear
carriers, cruisers and destroyer
type ships.
Recently, Admiral Rickover
was reported to have been ques-
toned about this view. The
admiral replied, somewhat
crisply, that if the idea is just
to have greater numbers Of
ships why not go back to sail
ing ships-you could get a lot
more for the same money.
1t also is possible to hear
some sharp suggestions that
fewer ships in the fleet would
throw adimrals and other Of :
ficers out Of jobs.
A &450 Million Ship
Those who believe that the
current atomic surface ship
program should be held to con-
Evening star., 1961-05-08
VOA JAMMING
OF RADIO TOLD
BY the Associated Press

The Communists are jam
ming the Voice of America with
some 1000 transmitters in an
effort to block its programs
from penetrating the Iron Cur
tain. a United States informa-
ton official said today.
The official, George Jacobs
Of the Voice of Americas en-
gineering management office,
said the Communists were
using 20 times as many trans
mitters to jam as the Voice uses
to broadcast.
His remarks we're prepared
for the Broadcast Engineers
Conference.
Evening star., 1961-05-08

location filming of Blue Ha-
waii" Some of them pretended
to be mail messengers with
registered letters that Elvis
would have to sign for. Others
got up the fire escape into his
room. Elvis finally found peace
behind a 24-hour-a-day guard
system. CoStar Joan Black
man told me of their rock-a-
hula dance numbe.-a combi-
nation rock and roll and hula
gyrations. Can you see Elvis!
A few years ago. after Joan
was discovered" by Frank 81.
natra, she dated Elvis - but
now that they are in the same
picture, nothing! j,
Daryl Zanuck. due back in
New York. is a victim Of the
French crisis and may have.
to delay the start Of his big
movie. The Longest Day" for
a few weeks. He needs the COS
operation of the French army,
And the French army has been
rather busy lately. "a.
-.
1t will cost Snowman Joe Le-.
vine about $4,000 a day while
his "Sodom and Gomorrah"
picture waits for ROSsana Pc
desta to recover from her heart
condition. t
Evening star., 1961-05-08

quarters Of the National Asso-
citation of Broadcasters. OPEN
ing its seth annual session to-
day.
More than 1000 brosdcasters
from this and other countries
are scheduled to have a per-
sonal greeting from President
Kennedy, at today's opening
of the three-day association
convention.
Evening star., 1961-05-08
NovyPo Break Seen
InA-Powered Ship Plan
THE EVENING STAR
b. C., Mond0y, Moy 8, 1861
BY the Associated Press

The Navys go-sow policy toward atomic sur
face fleet is undergoing change-under pressure.
Until the Navy party line when proposing
budgets has been propulsion is fine for sub
marines but a luxury for the surface fleet
word being passed in the Navy. 1t reflects