davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-07-05

and rejection Of the South
east Asia Treaty Organizations
cloak of protection. The Prince
said his pro-Communist Party
would have to have representa-
ton in the cabinet 'in an ade-
quate proportion conformable
to the primary role of our party
in the political life of our coun-
try"
Meanwhile. in Geneva, the
United States has charged that
the Communists have no in
tention of withdrawing their
forces from Laos and are try
ing to sabotage the Geneva
conference on Laos.
The charge, in a sharp
speech yesterday by John M.
Sleeves, United States Assistant
Secretary of State for Far
Eastern Affairs, touched off
an equally sharp reply by So
Wet Deputy foreign Minister
Georgi Pushkin at the lana
ton conference.
Mr.. Pushkin had started the
session by coming over to the
United States table and con-
graduating Mr.. Sleeves on the
American Declaration Of In
dependence.
Later. Mr.. Sleeves told the
conference that the Commu-
mist powers were trying to
block a cease fire in Laos.
Pushkin COunterattacks
At the end of the session,
Mr.. Pushkin took the floor to
report that United States pro-
posals for inspecting the cease
fire, put the cart before the
horse" and were completely
contrary to common sense"
Soviet and other Communist
delegations here want to skip
over the subject Of q workable
cease fire in Laos and get on to
a formal but unguaranteed
proclamation Of its neutrality.
This conference could have
agreed upon . declaration OF
neutrality for Laos the first
day it met (eight weeks ago),"
Mr.. Sleeves said. But it would
have been just as meaningless
then as it would be today un-
less it were preceded by con-
crete measures to restore the
peace in Laos.
Elaborate "Charade" Seen
"In this conference, we have
witnessed an elaborate charade,
the sole purpose of which was
to foster the pretention that
(Communist) Vietminh forces,
with their Chinese and Soviet
auxiliarieS, do not exist Tin
Laos).
This has taken place because
these forces have no intention
of being called to account, no
intention of relieving their
pressure on Laos. and no in
tention Of withdrawing from
Laotian territory"
Mr.. Sleeves demanded that
the International Control Com
mission (ICC) be given eff
fective means of guaranteeing
the peace in Laos before further
steps are taken.
Evening star., 1961-07-05

tention and showered them
with citations and gifts. Speak
ers ran out of adjectives and
phrases of praise for the man
they revere as their defender
ard liberator.
Praises FilipinOs
Gen. Macarthur, in turn,
spoke with warmth Of the cour-
age and patience of the Filipino
soldier in the face Of adversely.
"I don't know the dignity of
their birth but 1 do know the
glory Of their DEATH he said,
using a description he has re-
peated many times.
The luncheon had all the
aspects Of an American Legion
convention. The Filipino vet
Grams we're wearing their vari-
Gus colored overseas caps,
Tables were jammed in every
corner of the Manila Hotel
fiesta pavilion. The Manila
Hotel once served as a resi-
dence for the MacArthurs be-
fore the last war.
When Gen. Macarthur ar
rived, the band struck up "Old
Soldiers Never Die" and con-
tinuous applause echoed through
the hall until they were seated.
The veterans presented the
general with a white overseas
cap worn by the defenders oi
Bataan and Corregidor. 1t was
too big. but the general put il
smartly on his head.
Speakers tried to top each
other in praising their guest
One called him "the greatest
soldier of history and of cul
country" Another said "as oul
hero. defender and liberator we
want you to know that we love
you and that you belong to us
forever" Mrs. Macarthur
smiled at her husband affec-
tionately.
Pleased by Reception
When the crowd sang Let
Me Call You Sweetheart" the
MacArthurs stood and put
their arms around each other.
The generals normally stern
face was wreathed in smiles.
Mrs. Macarthur was radiant.
The MacArthurs Joined in the
singing and when it ended. the
general tenderly kissed his wife
on the cheek. The crowd went
wild with applause and cheers.
A source close to the gen.
eral said he has been "over-
joyed" by the reception he has
received. Friends concerned
with his health suggested his
strenuous To-day schedule be
trimmed. but he would have
none Of it," the source said.
He said he was enjoying
every moment of it. He has
been taking everything very
well, and his appetite is raven
ous." =
In the evening the general
attended an independence Day
state dinner at Malacanang
Palace.
Evening star., 1961-07-05
Laos Princes
ToMeetAgaiin
On Coalition

VIENTIANE. Laos, July
(AP).-Gen. Phoumi Nosavan
military leader Of the pro-
Western Laotian government
said today steps are under way
to set up another meeting OF
the nations three political
Princes to map out a coalition
regime for the divided king
dom.
Gen. Phoumi, who returned
from the United States yes
terday. expressed confidence a
national union regime will be
formed by the pro-Western
neutralist and Communist fac
tionS.
Gen. Phoumi and Premier
Prince Boun Gum flew to the
royal capital Of Luang Prabang
to report to King Savang
Vathana on the recent talks in
Zurich with Prince Souvanns
Phouma, the neutralist leader
and Prince Souphanouvong
chief of the pro-Communist
Pathet Lao rebels.
Gen. Phourni said he was
very satisfied with his Wash
ington trip because it gave him
q chance to explain "all we did
at Zurich, Geneva and Vien-
tiane."
Prince Souphanouvong in
Peiping today repeated his de-
mand that Prince Souvanna
Phouma head the coalition, and
he generally is expected to get
the post. Some quarters still
believe Gen. Phoumi hopes to
Convince the King to head the
proposed coalition, but Prince
Souphanouvong has said the
King would not be acceptable
because his position is sacred
and above politics.
Comments on Claim
Asked to comment on Prince
Souphanouvong's claim to eight
seats in the proposed cabinet,
Gen. Phoumi said, "The coali-
ton government will be desig-
mated by the King. That
means he will select each min
lister and he will do this after
discussion with the three
princes and the leaders Of the
other political parties"
Gen. Phoumi declined to say
how many seats his government
would seek.
I'VE have only accepted the
principle of participation of all
political parties" he said.
Prince Souphanouvong told
a news conference in the Red
Chinese capital any kaotian
coalition must carry out the
program drawn up at Zurich.
The three princes agreed to
withdrawal of foreign troops
Evening star., 1961-12-17
India:
War of Words

India and China continued a
war of words last week over
disputed border areas. At the
same time, India sent combat
troops to the frontiers of the
Portuguese coastal enclave of
Goa.
The boundary between India
and China extends over 1900
miles. Most of this area is noun
famous, sparsely inhabited, and
a continuous source Of friction be-
tween these two Asian powers.
The world first learned of the
dispute shortly after the Chinese
Peds seized power in 1949 when
Peking published a map with a
version of the traditional bound
aries different from maps found
in Delhi.
Until 1859, nothing was done to
disturb the peace. In that year
however, China laid claim to ST.
900 square miles of Indian terri
tory, and occupied about 10000
of them with its troops.
Sporadic fighting along the
borders have sharply cooled re-
lations between the two Asian
Evening star., 1961-12-17
Rights:
Point of Law

India and China continued a
war Of words last week over
disputed border areas. At the
same time, India sent combat
troops to the frontiers Of the
Portuguese coastal enclave of
Goa.
In the last two years, more than
3,700 persons, mostly Negroes, have
been arrested in the South in con-
nection with so-called "sit-in"
demonstrations aimed at breaking
down racial segregation at lunch
counters.
The arrests have been made un-
der two basic types of laws:
. Disturbing of the peace by de-
manding service.
. Trespassing-involving the as
serted right that a restaurant own
er may refuse to serve anyone he
wishes to and may ask the State
Evening star., 1961-12-17

have to prove anything. They are
Europeans. and determined to
stay that way.
In a religious sense, Poland
gave me the impression that
Catholicism is taken more seri-
ously than even in Italy. Re-
ligiouS professions are visible ev-
erywhere on feast days, and have
full police cooperation with prob
lens, such as traffic, etc. Religion
is still being taught in public
schools. During my stay, there
was vivid controversy on
whether this policy should be con-
tinued. The government meant to
abolish it. but the popularly backed
church opposed it. The fight was
a Stalemate.
Every Sunday. the churches are
packed. Sermons usually refer to
prosecutions and hardships Suf-
fered by the church, to the duties
of the faithful, to love and hu-
mility, to the perils Of material
ism. Even the most conservative
Italian newspaper subjects the
church to heavier criticism than
is the case in Poland.
Catholicism Worries Reds
The government Is extremely
worried about the strength of the
Catholic faith, not so much on
political grounds as that it con-
siders it an obstacle to the in
dustrialization of the country. Re
ligion and agriculture are the two
main problems in Poland today,
according to the Communists in
power. A third one exists. but
the government won't admit it:
corruption.
Everyone, from foreign diplo-
mat to Polish peasant, agreed
when they told me that corrup-
tion-long a tradition in Poland
is worse than ever. An esti-
mated 20 per cent Of the Polish
national economy vanishes into
thin air each year-or rather. into
the pockets of officials in every
phase Of public life, from post Of
flee to airline ticket counter.
Everyone - doctors. factory
workers, party officials - specu-
lates on every commodity that
promises fast zloty. Many go to
Moscow on their vacations and
come back with more money than
they took on the trip. How is it
done? Simple: A Pole packs some
priests raiments for the Russian
orthodox faith in his suitcase. In
Russia, he will sell them at an
exorbitant price to a priest who
can't get the robes elsewhere, and
will find that besides a nice vaca-
tion, he has a pretty penny to take
home. The rate of exchange which
places the ruble on a par with the
zloty-highly unrealistic-helps.
Said one Italian Communist,
touring the country, to me: I'VE
have a lot to learn from the
Poles"
Evening star., 1961-12-17

Madame Chuong, whose family
comes from the central part of
Wet Nam, began diplomatic life
as delegate to the French Union
Assembly, of which Wet Nam was
a state member. The couple has
two daughters and son, himself
an attorney.
Since Wet Nam is a relatively
small country, despite its 25 mil
lion inhabitants, Ambassador
Chuong has modest budget for
his activities and those of a six
man staff, plus military attache
and aides. He does not try to COM
pete with the social affairs of the
larger nations. but says his allow
ance is enough to carry out our
duties"
Almost every year he returns
to Wet Nam for two weeks of
conferences and some family re-
unions, but. except for sickness,
he has enjoyed no real leave. AS
he puts it, there is always some
thing doing" The embassy Is
at 2250 R street NV.
The Ambassador likes music,
Evening star., 1961-12-17
Government Plan

The administration believes
that these groups represent a mi
nority opinion and that most
Americans want and expect the
Government to take action.
Mr.. Gilpatric, as a matter Of
fact. observed last week that a
nationally known public opin-
ion poll showed that nearly
two-thirds of our citizens are
willing to contribute their own
time to building community
shelters"
The Deputy Defense Secretary's
statement and news conference
remarks did much to clear the
confusion over civil defense and
make plain the Governments role
in it. He said:
can effective civil defense re-
quireS the participation of every
citizen. 1t calls for advance plan
ming at every level of government
local, State and national. i.
The responsibility of the Federal
Government is:
First, to keep track of the ma
ture of the threat which the civil
defense program must be designed
to meet; second, to prepare infor-
nation about the threat and how
1t can be met; third, to bear ma
jor part Of the costs Of certain
Evening star., 1961-12-17
The Foreign Scene

giants, and have led to unsuccess-
full talks between Prime Minister
Nehru and Premier Chou En-lai.
Recently, the border issue
cropped up again when Mr.. Nehru
told Parliament that Chinese
troops had pushed further into
Indian territory. He warned Pc
king that if such incursions con-
tinue. India would "resist and
repel" them. Mr.. Nehru refused to
be pressured into any stronger
action by his sometimes irrespon-
sible opposition.
Apparently to appeaSe these
jingoists, however, Mr.. Nehru
warned Portugal that India would
not tolerate it's colony of Goa on
the western coast, south of Bonn
bay. India has objected to this
"enclave of colonialism" for years,
but has limited its policy to words
instead of guns.
With an election facing him
next year, Mr.. Nehru may be re-
viving this issue in an attempt
to win votes for his Congress
Party often attacked for zap
peasement" policies.
Nearly 650,000 Indians live in
this centuries-old colony where
West meets East, and where Ca
tholicism confronts Hinduism. Ma
tionalists in India have cam
paigned yearly to end this "vestige
of imperialism" Tempers have
flared recently over reported in
cidents involving Indian fisher
men and Goan authorities.
Portuguese authorities say that
Goa is virtually indefensible, with
only small garrison. But they
refuse to yield to India's de-
mands that they leave. If India
wanted to it probably could win
control by force, but such action
would discredit Mr.. Nehru's rep
utation as man of peace.
Speculation continued to rise
last week, however, that an in
vasion was imminent. President
Kennedy sent an urgent note to
Mr.. Nehru asking him to avoid
force.
Evening star., 1961-12-17
The Formula

The newly adopted formula calls
for mediation and arbitration OF
conflicting jurisdictional claims.
Final power of decision is vested
in the executive council OF the
federation. 1t includes a system
of sanctions, but does not pro-
vide recourse to the courts, step
favored by the old CIO unions.
President George Meany. who
was reelected president for two
more years, worked out a COM
promise on another bitter, divisive
iSSue-that of racial discrimina-
tion within the AFL-CIO.
Under heavy pressure from rep
reSentatives of l million Negro
members and Mr.. Reuther, the
organization revamped its civil
rights committee and paved the
way for a more vigorous fight
against racial bias within the
organized labor movement.
There was one other achieve
ment Of the convention. 1t voted
Evening star., 1961-12-17
Aid to G. O. p?

1t could, for example. give am
munition to the "protectionistS"
in the upcoming congressional
battle over tariff policy and make
the Presidents request for great
er authority to cut customs duties
that much more difficult to
achieve.
It could also, depending upon
how serious the cleavage becomes,
give laid and comfort" to the
Republicans in the important off
year congressional elections next
fall.
The first big test Of determina-
tion probably will come this
Spring, when the Steelworkers be-
gin contract talks with industry.
The Steelworkers already are on
record with a demand for a
shorter work week.
Another major matter facing
the big labor convention was the
one concerning jurisdictional
disputes between craft (AFL and
industrial (CIO) unions over jobs.
For two and a half years,
special compromise committee has
been working on the problem in
an effort to find an agreeable,
meaningful solution. Last week,
the convention approved plan
the fourth such formula in the
six-year life of the hyphenated
organization. Both sides expressed
satisfaction; but the workability
of the scheme remains to be DEM
onstrated.
The lone dissenter was Elmer
Brown, president of the Interna-
tional Typographical Union. who
said the plan imperiled autonomy.
He threatened to pull out OF the
AFL-CIO and warned:
1.-THE smaller organizations. the
backbone of the AFL-CIO. would
be ground up. The big fish Will
eat the little fish and the little
fish will eat mud"
Evening star., 1961-12-17
VET NAMs AMBASSADOR
A Busy Seven Years for Envoy

but does not get too much chance
TO exercise. Recently. however.
when he found himself getting a
little overweight, he made exer-
else on the embassy terrace a
necessity. 1t was in Paris that
he wrote the history Of Wet Nam
since World War II, but he fears
that its completion will have to
wait until he surrenders the am
baSsadorship.
Although in his seven years
here he has done a fair amount
of travelling around the United
States, Ambassador Chuong says
he Is still surprised at the Nations
wealth and resources every time
he makes a visit outside Washing
ton.
IF you have not been else
where" he declared. you cannot
know how your country Is
favored. have the greatest ad-
miration for your people. They
are naturally friendly, direct and
generous.
They are also very hard-work-
ing-your leaders work even
harder than the workers"
The School Comparison
Ambassador Chuong finds the
United States potential enormous.
You hear people complain
about insufficient schools, teach
ers and professors" he said. You
don't realize that even your high
schools are almost palaces COM
pared with high schools and COL
leges in Europe. They don't have
one-tenth the resources of your
universities here"
The Ambassador reads papers
from Wet Nam and a generous
cross-section of the American and
European press. both the whole
editions and clippings provide by a
service.
He understands American pre-
occupation with matters at home
and in Europe, but wishes there
were more attention to Asian
problems. With more major news
papers and news services estab-
fishing correspondents in Asia, he
agrees, readers in the United
States are becoming more aware
of these issues.
Not only the Communist in
vasion, but this years floods,
about the worst in Wet Namese
history. are plaguing his country.
Three Wet Namese provinces are
completely under water and al
most the entire export rice crop
has been wiped out.
The war has hampered the ef-
forts of the United States to get
technical assistance programs
moving in high gear, he added.
However, help from such
agencies as the Red Cross, the
American Friends of Wet Nam,
CARE and UNICEF, and from
American drug firms have pro-
vided much-needed relief.
Evening star., 1961-12-17
Continued From Page B.


nificance, howeves, was his out
right condemnation of the dog
matte" Communist regime of AL
bania. led by Enver Hoxha.
Western experts had known of
a Soviet-Albania feud but were
astonished when Mr.. KhruShchev
publicized it as he did.
By itself, Albania is a minor
B "a lkan country, dwarfed by
neighboring Yugoslavia and
Greece. Its real Importance is
that within the Communist bloc
for a variety of reasons it
has supported Communist China
in its theological dispute with the
Soviet Union.
Most observers, in fact, believe
that the attack on Albania was
a thinly-veiled rebuke to Red Chi
ma. MoscoW's main opponent in
the Communist arena, and a
warning to other foreign parties.
Peking has criticized Mr.. Khru-
shchev'S peaceful coexistence"
theories. urging a more militant
stand toward the West Basically.
Mao Tse-tung believes war is in
evitable, and that the Soviet Un-
ion is soft" afraid of a con-
flict with it's enemies.
To succeed in it's great leap
forward" China has used tough,
Stalin-like communal methods to
force the utmost out of people.
Undere Khrushchev, the Soviet
Union has relied more on in
centive than on punishment to
achieve its aims.
At the party congress, Chou
En-lai spoke in support of the
Albanian party, and since the
Congress ended in October, the
Chinese press has been filled with
favorable stories from Tirana. The
Soviet press has only condemned
the Albanians.
Last weeks diplomatic split be-
tween the Soviet Union and AL
bania was expected. The ambas-
sadors in both countries had been
living under virtual house arrest
Evening star., 1961-12-17

for months, and economic ties
already had been broken.
The West waited anxiously for
China's reaction to the break.
Peking has not made any state
ment yet, aware that If 4 "'p-
ports Moscow it acknowledges 50.
Wet supremacy within the Red
camp. If it supports Tirana, how
ever. the split between the two
Communist powers will be wild
ened.
This can only have a disruptive
effect on Communist parties
throughout the world-e especially
in underdeveloped areas where
Chinese and Soviet ideologies
often clash.
Evening star., 1961-12-17
Civil Defense:
A Policy

The Pentagon on Thursday
disclosed the key elements of
the administrators new civil
defense program. Costing 500
million, it will emphasize COM
munity fallOut shelters.
Defense Secretary Mcnamara
told NATO ministers last week
the United States Is ready to
provide POlaris missile subma-
rineS to a NATO nuclear deter
rent force.
Ever since the Berlin crisis
reached its most dangerous point
last summer, public apathy over
civil defense has given way to a
serious interest in the subject by
American citizens.
This interest is being reflected
in the Governments planning.
Last week Deputy Defense Secre-
tary Gilpatric disclosed that Pres
ident Kennedy would ask for $700
million to run the Federal civil
defense program for the next fis-
cal year. This is an increase of
312 times the money being ex-
pended in fiscal 1862.
Despite the interest, there has
been a great deal of confusion and
debate over the feasibility Of fall
out shelters.
One school Of thought has
emerged which believes that it is
nonsense to devote time and
money for shelters against radio
active fallout in areas likely to be
destroyed by the heat and blast
effects of hydrogen bombs. There
is another which believes that it is
morally and philosophically wrong,
and probably un-American. to
think about going underground,
that we should be devoting all our
energies to the achievement of
disarmament.
Evening star., 1961-12-17
Payments Seen

The key to the administrators
new plan is the offer of incentive
payments to cover part (perhaps
go per cent? of the cost of provid-
ing fallout shelter in schools, hos
pitals and other public welfare in
stitutions. The budget for next
year aims at the construction of
protection spaces for 20 million
persons.
The Federal Government has
already undertaken the task of
identifying and equipping an ex-
pected so million spaces in exist
ing structures.
1t is now further underlining
its sensible belief that, despite
the awesome killing power of
thermoncuclear weapons, an ef-
fective civil defense program could
save the lives of large numbers of
persons who could not otherwise
survive.
OF course, in one way, an ef-
fective war-deterrent force is the
best civil defense guarantee Of all.
Last week, Defense Secretary
Mcnamara proposed a strengthen
ing of the free worlds deterrent
power when he offered United
States Polaris missile submarines
to a new NATO nuclear force if
the alliance would agree on a
plan for joint political control of
the weapons and would build up
their conventional forces, as the
United States is doing.
There is a great deal of con-
fidence in Europe in the Polaris
undersea-based weapons system
and a widespread belief that a
NATO Polaris force could increase
substantially the alliances ability
to defend itself against any Soviet
attack.
The final communique Of the
NATO ministerial conference, is
sued on Friday, did not, however,
provide any real clue as to when
and if the NATO countries will
reach an agreement on becoming
fourth nuclear power.