davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-01-06
No Contamination

1t is reasSuring to learn from a
special investigating committee that the
Federal Food and Drug Administration,
an agency charged with safeguarding
the public against contaminated foods
and medicines, is not itself tainted with
improper outside influences. The objec-
tivity, if not the integrity, Of FDA had
been questioned at Senate hearings last
May when it was disclosed that a
veteran official had received $287,142
in "honoraria" within six years for
writing articles for drug publications.
Secretary Flemming of the Department
of Health, Education and Welfare there
upon accepted the resignation of the
Evening star., 1961-01-06
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Multiple Dreams Are Only Normal
By THOMAS R. HENRY

sions and various mental
symptoms, in many cases
can be traced to LESSONS in
the cerebral cortex, or top"
of the brain. Petit NAL" is
a milder form-but epilepsy
just the same. 1t is charac-
terized by sudden spells Of
dizziness and occasional loss
Of consciousness.
Brain Waves Aid Diagnosis
The characteristic brain
wave pattern, however, is
common to all cases and
can be used in diagnosis.
Few brain tumors produce
wave abnormalities. When
these are found they indicate
that there must be q pro-
found disturbance around
the area. Those in which the
symptom was observed by
the National Institute sur
geons all were located in the
depths Of the brain. Some,
in fact, were accompanied
by petit NAL" but the ma
jority were not.
The location of these tu-
mors, according to the insti-
tute report. seems to offer an
all-important clue to the
long-standing mystery. There
has been little doubt that
the epilepsy had a physical
source in the brain-that it
never could be included
among so-called psychogenic
disease.
Says the report: THE pre-
dominant extra -cortical To-
cation Of brain tumors in
the cases examined suggests
that the brain stem plays a
significant role in produc-
ton of this very character
istic, yet still mysterious,
brain wave pattern"
Evening star., 1961-01-06
france and the Atom

In your editorial, France
and the Atom" you present
what appears to me to be a
warped circumstantial look
at the atomic balance Of
power to condone Frances
third nuclear test. Is Keep
ing up with the JoneseS" a
sound reason for applauding
these tests? I think not.
Has the straining of the
French economy to produce
an atom bomb added one bit
to the security of the coun-
try? Will Frances bomb serve
a real deterrent value? Or is
the end all of her tests
merely an illusionary attempt
to salvage her already tat
tered prestige? Do art, litera-
ture and science no longer
mean anything in that world
Of French grandeur?
From a realistic viewpoint,
what is France to do with her
bomb? Certainly her real
strength depends upon the
vigor Of NATO and the in
tegrity of the United States
to honor it's obligations.
France. by herself. couldn't
hope to even stagger Russia
or Red China with the swat
of her bomb. Perhaps. then,
the bomb would be brought
to Algeria. De Gaulle is not
so firmly in the saddle that
he could guarantee its re
sponsible" use.
In the meantime, her
tests have only increased
Evening star., 1961-01-06
Where Merit Counts

Speaking of the merit system,
PreSident-elect Kennedy's selection of
John w. Macy, jr, for chairman Of the
Civil Service Commission is good
example Of that system in operation.
Federal employees groups and others
familiar with Mr.. Macy's record of
Government service in the past agree
that it would be hard to think of anyone
more qualified to preside over the civil
service than the 43-year-old Midwes-
terner. He will come back to Washington
after two years of service as executive
vice president of Wesleyan University
in Middletown, Connecticut.
Mr.. Macy will need no breaking in
at the Civil Service Commission He
distinguished himself there from 1858 to
1858 as its executive director. Previously
he had served as director of personnel
for the Atomic Energy Commission at
Los Alamos and as an employe of the
Social Security Board. Throughout his
Federal service he has stressed the
Importance to the Government of
stable and efficient career system, based
on appointment and promotion by merit.
To insure such system, he once said,
Civil Service Commission free Of
political partiSanship is essential.
Although himself a Democrat, Mr.. Macy
has served under Republican admin
stration-and he will replace a Repub-
lican, Roger Jones, who will move to the
State Department to become Deputy
Undersecretary for Administration in
the Kennedy administration.
Both appointments will be pleasing
to organizations and individuals dedi-
Gated to perpetuating and strengthening
the civil service merit system.
Evening star., 1961-01-06

I liked your editorial of
December 30. 1860, entitled
"All the Facts. Please!" and
agreed with your conclusions
about the fire on the Carrier
constellation"
But as Gertrude Stein
would have said, "A chief is a
chief, etc."
Edward Cavanagh is the
New York City Fire ComMis-
sioner. He was appointed to
this administrative post by
the Mayor of the city.
George David is the Chief
of the New York Fire Depart
ment. He came up through
the ranks Of the department
by competitive examinations.
V. G. Litcher.
Evening star., 1961-01-06
Answers CoIumnists

The Star of December 20
carried a column by Con-
stantine Brown under the
headline: "Schlesinger and
Red China; Harvard Pro-
fessor's Proposal to Forget
Prejudice Toward Peiping
Deplored." The first sentence
Of the column stated:
"Schlesinger said we
must forget the prejudices
Of the last ten years con-
corning Communist China"
This statement is a gross
and outrageous invention.
AS an examination of the
transcript will reveal, I made
no proposal at any time
about forgetting "prejudices"
concerning Communist
China. Neither the word nor
the idea appeared in my re-
marks. I am shocked that so
responsible a paper as The
Star could attribute to me
in quotation marks-lan-
guage I did not Use and
sentiments I do not share.
What I said about Red
China, according to the
transcript, is as follows:
This question of Red
China and the United Ma
tions Is purely a matter of
what serves our national in
terest and promotes our ma
tional safety One of
the problems ds) that it's
hard to conceive a Nation as
fantastically revolutionary as
Red China is accepting the
whole notion Of international
control; but it would seem to
me that to get Red China
plus the Soviet Union in a
system Of reliable arms con-
troll would be such a great
gain for humanity that ad-
mission to the United Ma
tions would be a reasonable
price to pay for it,"
This quotation. by the way,
should be compared with the
wholly misleading account of
my attitude toward Red
China in David Lawrence's
column in The Star on the
same day, I do not see how
Mr.. Lawrence could possibly
describe this statement as
the beginning Of a new Sc
rles OF arguments designed
to make Americans believe
that the word of the Chinese
Communists and the word
OF the Russian Communists
can be trusted in any dis
armament agreement" Does
Mr.. Lawrence take the DO
sition that human ingenuity
can never conceivably devise
a foolproof system of arms
control. i.e., resting, not on
the word Of any nation, but
on reliable U. N. inspection
and control? And, if such a
system becomes possible,
would he be content to leave
China out?
Arthur Schlesinger.
Cambridge, Mass.
Evening star., 1961-01-06
Turbulent Air

An Associated Press story
in The Star, January 2, quotes
the Federal Aviation Agency
Administrator as having said
on TV that pilots and owner
groups had resisted some
FAA regulations but this had
no serious effect on the safety
of air passengers because the
resistance had not been effec-
tive"
The impression is Civen
that those opposed to some
FAA regulations are resisting
safety. Yet, the bulk of the
resistance that has developed
has been over a few rules
which contribute very little,
if anything, to safety.
These rules have imposed
undue hardship to people de-
pendent on aviation for a
living and have discouraged
an interest in the business.
Apparently. there IS little
avenue of appeal to the basic
merits Of such rules except to
the rule maker (FAA) or to
the nontechnical courts.
AS for the courts. the
United States Court Of Ap-
peals said tnat it was not the
business Of the courts to
substitute their untutored
judgment for the expert
knowledge of the FAA. So.
right or wrong, judgment is
right back with the rule
maker.
On the other hand, many
responsible aviation organ
iZations and individuals, all
with some degree If expertise
Of their own, feel that FAA's
judgment is not correct on
all things. An appeal has been
made TO Congress for a better
set of checks and balances
than the FAA Act presently
provides.
Some interesting proposals
have been made, which If
adopted, should encourage
aviation as we'll as make it
safe. And, there are some
folks around Of optimistic
outlook who think that peace
may come soon to United
States aviation.
Robert Z. Trimble,
Evening star., 1961-01-06
Sobeirs Crime

In response to Mr.. Katz's
plea for the release of Mr..
Sobell, l personally find this
appeal to be quite disgusting
since 1 am a Latvian refugee
whose parents and relatives
were murdered by the Rus
sian Communists. Are the
American people not sup
posed to realize that Sobell
collaborated with the NKVD
and with Beria-Who were re-
sponsible for the murder and
torture of millions of inno-
cent peoples?
Having suffered under the
hands of the Communists, I
find this behavior as appall-
ing as the people who suf-
fered at the hands Of the
FaSciSts would find it if peo-
pie in the United States
should want the release of
Axis Sally" and other war
criminals.
It's time to realize that the
Russian Communists have
murdered millions OF inno-
cent human beings-women
and children included-and
to act accordingly.
Anna Lietnlck.
Evening star., 1961-01-06
THE WORLD
Belgian Problems to Survive Crisis
By CROSBY S. NOYI
FOREIGN Correspondent Of The Sto

speaking Walloons. In many
ways the southern Belgians
are more direct descendants
Of the French revolution
than the French themselves.
Anti-clericalism and dislike
OF royalty are deeply rooted
there. And the brand of
socialism preached by their
leaders would be far more
recognizable to Karl Marx
than most.
The Walloons, furthermore,
feel they are losing ground
in their struggle for survival
against their Flemish COM
patriots. The Catholic parties
of the north have steadily
increased their domination
of Parliament. And when
one adds an advantage in the
birth rate of the 5 million
Flemish-speaking Belgians,
prospects for the future are
hardly promising for the 4
million Walloons.
All these factors encourage
the kind of gloomy and en-
bittered Walloon nationalism
which has grown stronger as
the strike continues. Recently
the "Walloon cock" worn in
the buttonhole or painted on
flags has become the official
symbol of the struggle. Slo-
gans proclaiming that wal
loonia fights on" have ap-
peared on the walls in the
industrial towns of Mons,
Charleroi and Liege.
A Dramatic Threat
What this may lead to in
the end could be something
less dramatic than the talk
would indicate. Socialist
leaders have openly warned
that if the present policies
Of the government are con-
tinued 1.-The Walloon people
will have no other course than
to review the political insti-
tutions Of the country" But
few diplomatic observers here
and probably few Belgians
either-seem to take too seri-
ously the possibility of a
political split in the country
at this time.
Certainly, as long as the
monarchy survives. the very
considerable political and
oral power of the throne
would be used to prevent a
break in the current crisis.
King Baudouin has so far
stayed discreetly aloof from
the political wrangling. And
for all the concern over the
Socialist threat, it seems un-
likely that the government
will take the ultimate step
of asking him to intervene.
Evening star., 1961-01-06
Castro to Kennedy

Some members Of the Kennedy
entourage are said to be unhappy over
the severance of diplomatic relations
with Cuba, feeling that the effect will
be to limit the new administrations
freedom of action from the very outset.
The decision by the Eisenhower admin
stration will, of course, have this result.
But several points should be kept
in mind.
One is that it was Mr.. Castro, not
President Eisenhower, who chose the
time and forced the issue. The Cuban
dictator could have forced us to break
relations earlier or he could have waited
until after January 20. The decision to
do 1t now was his and his alone.
second point is that President
Eisenhower, until the end Of his term,
Is responsible for the conduct Of our
foreign relations. In the face Of the
clearly calculated Cuban affront, It was
his duty to act to maintain this
country'S Self-reSpect. True, as has been
suggested, he might have stalled and
done nothing, thereby dumping the
whole problem in Mr.. Kennedy's lap op
the day the latter took office. But this
would have been craven and unworthy
course OF action, or inaction. It is much
better, we think, that Mr.. Eisenhower
decided to meet his responsibility.
Finally, Mr.. Kennedy was not kept
in the dark. Although we do not know
the exact nature of the exchange,
Secretary of State Herter discussed the
matter with Dean Rusk, who will sue
ceed him, and Mr.. Rusk talked with Mr..
Kennedy about it. The latter, rightly
we believe, was unwilling to participate
In the decision on the ground that it
was Mr.. Eisenhower's responsibility.
But there is nothing to indicate that
Mr.. Kennedy requested or suggested a
delay In breaking relations, and, con-
sequently, we see no Justification for
Democratic unhappiness because Mr..
Eisenhower has done what should have
been done now, and what Mr. Kennedy
otherwise undoubtedly would have had
to do upon taking office.
To be sure, there is a suggestion in
the Cuban cabinet statement that
diplomatic relations may be restored If
the Kennedy administration under
stands that good relations can be had
with the people of Cuba ION the basis.
OF respect for their sovereign rights,
their legitimate interests and their
national dignity" This sounds little
strange, coming from the same Great
Castro who not long ago was describing
Mr.. Kennedy as an Ignorant, illiterate,
beardless kid" Still, change is law of
life in diplomacy. If Castro Is not over
thrown by his own people, it may be
that the Kennedy administration, in
time, will patch up the break This is
not likely to happen, however, unless
and until the Castro regime in it's turn
begins to show some respect for our
sovereign rights, legitimate interests
and national dignity.
Evening star., 1961-01-06
BRUSSELS.

BRUSSELS.
The real problem under
lying the outbursts Of vio-
lence and passion in Belgium
in recent weeks will remain
long after the current politi-
cal crisis has been solved.
THE trouble with Bel
gium," a French diplomat
explained. "is that it isn't
really a country-at least
not in the sense that France
or Holland is. It is a coalition
Of convenience held together
by the institution of the
monarchy-which has a ten
dency to fall apart every time
something serious happens"
Most Belgians, perhaps,
would not completely agree.
And yet the traditional di-
visions and rivalries of the
country have certainly played
a major part in the current
crisis and in the last few
days have led even to serious
talk of a new federal struc-
ture for the country along
the lines Of the Swiss Con-
federation.
Deepens Traditional Split
Quite apart from any po-
litical solutions that may be
found, the effect of the strike
has been to re-emphasize and
deepen the traditional line of
cleavage which divides the
country in two almost equal
halves between the Flemish
Catholic north, and the
French speaking radical
south. And this major divi-
sion which is as old as Bel
gium imposes itself on all
other problems that country
faces.
Most particularly. it i'm
poses itself on the economic
problems which are the focal
point for the immediate crisis.
BY an accident Of geography,
it happens that most of the
heavy industry Of Belgium is
concentrated in the coal and
iron mining areas of the
south. AS a result of long ne
glect, much of this area is
now becoming hopelessly un-
competitive with other mem
bers Of the Western Euro
pean Common Market area.
And increasing poverty and
unemployment have fed the
sense of grievance which
Socialist leaders have been
quick to exploit.
Their task has been made
easier by the naturally radi-
cal tendencies Of the French
Evening star., 1961-01-06
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry UriterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
ters are subject to condensd-
tion. Those not used ,DiH be
returned only when accom-
panied BY self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-01-06

@. In the public land SUI
vet system, how big Is a
township? A. K.
A. The township, primary
unit Of the survey system.
is a square 6 miles on each
side. Its total area is So
square miles. Townships are
laid out like the squares on
a checkerboard, with the
boundary lines running
north-south and east-weSt.
These boundaries tie into the
system of land survey refer
ence lines which are called
principal meridians (north-
south lines) and base lines
(eaSt west lines). Each
township is subdivided, in
the same checkerboard fash
ion. into SO sections, each Of
which is l mile square and
contains $40 acres.
@. How long can cheese be
kept satisfactorily in a home
freezer? F. L.
A. Some kinds Of cheese
will keep we'll in the freezer
for as long as six months,
if the packages are pound
size or smaller and if the
freezer's temperature is zero
Or lower. Types of cheese
that freeze we'll are Swiss,
Provolone. Mozzarella, Lie
derkranz. Camembert. Par
mesan. Romano. Cheddar,
brick and Port du Salut.
Evening star., 1961-01-06
Foreign Aid

The United States foreign
aid program is now under
study. Many CONSCIENTIOUS
Govern m e n t bureaucratS
have retreated TO the hal
lowed halls Of the Library of
Congress or some other quiet
spot during the last month
to compose voluminous pa
pers and treatiSes that can
be pulled from the file when
requested or inconspicuously
directed to the new Govern
ment Democratic administra-
tors who will converge on
Washington early in 1861.
Much has been written on
the mutual security program
also known as the foreign aid
program. Would it be pos
sible to simplify the issues.
without being accused of
oversimplification, by provid-
ing a principle rather than a
paper or treatise?
Is it not better wherever
possible to use our American
knoW-how to help needy peo-
pie to help themselves rather
than provide grants or gifts?
One grant or gift calls for
other, whereas the foreign
government or company or
person may become self-sup-
porting usually by being
shown and trained to adopt
some of the principles and
instruments Of private enter
prise that have made Amer
lea a land of opportunity, in
creased the standard Of living
increased the life span and
provided adequate food.
clothing and shelter for most
Americans.
NJ = Ln JIaIIo
Evening star., 1961-01-06

the strains on the infor-
NAL agreement between the
United States, Russia and
Great Britain for a mora
torium on nuclear tests as
we'll as expanded the posi-
bilities of C. P. Shows warn
ing of one Of these weapons
being exploded through "ac-
cident, folly or madness" Is
this not reason enough to
criticize Frances tests?
Richard MintZ,
Evening star., 1961-01-06

The average person has
four or five dreams every
night. Dreams fill about a
fifth Of nearly everybody'S
sleep time. They are appar-
emily in some way a phySio-
logical or psychological ne
cessity.
Experiments demonstrat-
ing these conclusions have
been reported to the Ameri-
can Association for the Ad-
vancement of Science by DR..
William Dement,, psychia-
trist Of Mt. Sinai Hospital,
New York. 1t is possible TO
tell when a person is dream
ing. DR.. Dement, reported. by
placing electrodes over the
closed eyes. There are rapid
eye movements, as If the
dreamer were watching
something. These movements
end abruptly at the dreams
conclusion.
A group of volunteers vas
deprived of the opportunity to
dream. Each was awakened
as soon as the eye movements
started. He was required to
sit up in bed at least seven
minutes before falling asleep
again.
How They Reacted
There were, DR.. Dement, re-
ports, two notable effects.
The subjects soon began to
show signs of anxiety, emo
tional instability and inabili-
ty to concentrate such as
they never had known be-
fore. One quit in an appar-
ent panic. There was. how
ever. a bigger appetite and
some gained from three to
five pounds during the weeks
of the experiment.
When the experiment was
concluded and the subjects
allowed to dream undis-
turbed. the number of dreams
per night was nearly doubled
for a time. Apparently ma
ture was trying to make up
for some loss.
During the experiment, a
group of volunteers was
awakened just as often each
night, but with no attention
as to whether they were
dreaming. They showed none
of either the mental or ply
Slcal symptoms displayed by
the dreamers.
A certain amount Of dream
ing each night is essential
for both mental and physical
well-being, the report con-
cludes. The mechanism by
which dreams act upon the
body is unknown.
Few have any awareness
of having dreamed after they
wake and hardly could be-
lieve that they had had sew
eral dreams during the night.
n X y
Some brain tumors and
petit NAL" epilepsy, the most
frequent form of this malady
which occurs without any
brain lesion yet located, pro-
duce an essentially identical
pattern of brain waves.
This finding, announced by
the National Institute OF
Neurological Diseases of the
Public Health Service. may
provide the first valid clue
as to the physical source OF
the involuntary. unpredict-
able petit NAL" attacks. This
long has been one of the
outstanding problems OF
neurology.
Grand NAL" epilepsy, with
its uncomfortable convul.
Evening star., 1961-01-06
Answers to Questions
By THE HASKINS SERVICE

A reader can get an answer. by
mail. to any question Of fact by
writing The Star Information Bu-
reau, 635 F street NV. Washington
4, D. c, Please inclose return post
age or self-addressed. stamped
envelope.
Evening star., 1961-01-06
All the Facts, PIeose!'

N. G. Fadlalla,
Evening star., 1961-01-06
Richter's Background

Robert E. Trimble.
Evening star., 1961-04-09

THE STAR MAGAZINE WASHINGTON, c., APRIL 1861
Evening star., 1961-04-09
Continued from poge 21

importance to the pedestrian going around the city, and at the
maintain comfortable vehcular traffic. Miguel
Mona of Puerto Rico whose teammates Amin Yusu of
Bagdad Iraq, and Mauricio J. Siman of Ell Salvador.
You walk without crossing streets from
houses Miguel About $500 the ownspeope would
accommodated in veunit houses and apartment build
ngs within inner betway surrounding the town center
Emerging repeatedly in the students layou along with
efficient planning high regard for the human
element.
Says captain Donald Johnson, jr. 1T is intent
yburgeonng towns satellites the amenities
living namely freedom privacy and fraternal
relationship between combined with the sophisticated
convenience ofthe oncebeautifu city"
feature of the plan he devised with Raymond OBrlen
Donald and Michael F. LeMay is the clustering of
higrse apartment buildings around pazas
everyday services and elementary schools could be
Buildings stories would house about half
the population.
by grouping and clustering and stacking vertically
claim all this green space" explains Raymond.
Robert Cafrey and Bill Gallagher exaggerated the density
of their proposed layout Ito give the whole town
Identity Housing radiateS from hghrise apartments
single family homes Surrounding the town belt
containing density items such recreation parks
and the college campus
similar green belt much like that of medieval city"
surrounds planned by Carl Remick Luis Alas and
Bernard Adamec who devised five individual neghborhood
with pedestrian each with elementary schools
small shops and public gathering areas
points Carl the captain affords the opening
would anked either side by the college and
churches higher density housing complement
ing the
park-remniscent of Washngton's Rock Creek
through the town plan of George Beatty John Ftz
patrick Alan Meyers containing the recreation town
and college Three microceners contain community
SUNDAY WASHINGTON, D. C" A