davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-02-01
Order of GREETING

I deeply regret q minor
error on the first page OF your
issue Of last Friday in the
Metropolitan edition. It is
too bad that this prize po-
sition Of q newspaper make
up should have q remark 30
much at fault.
After reading Of the return
Of the flyers at Andrews
Field: "The men first Rugged
their wives and then shook
hands with Mr.. Kennedy, "
I looked at q TV re-run Of
what I had seen at noon, and
against those words was able
to see President Kennedy
greeting the flyers first and,
Immediately. actually push
ing at least one over toward
his wife and it looked as
though he was gesturing the
other toward his. too. That
was a very human and q very
gracious and understanding
act on the part Of the Presi-
dent. I hope that the publi-
cation Of this letter will
serve to correct the misim-
preston in your story.
EIbridgo Colby, Professor
Emeritus Of Journalism,
George Washington Uni
versity.
Evening star., 1961-02-01
Against Test Ban

No single subject in our
time has been so befuddled
by propaganda, subversion,
wiShful thinking and inter-
national hysteria as the
banning Of nuclear tests.
Before it Is too late, we must
call off the ban. At stake
are the preservation Of peace
and the survival Of our Ma
tton and Of freedom on this
earth.
Our guileless approach to
the moratorium places us in
perennial and mortal peril,
for 1t rests on blind credence
in the honesty Of the Krem-
lin. a tyranny with an ele-
phantine record Of infringe
ments and transgressions Of
its pledges and treaties.
Some American and British
experts are convinced that
the Soviets are already test
ing surreptitiouSly. No one
can seriously doubt that they
will do so whenever it suits
them. II we renew the vol
untary moratorium year after
year. we will continue to give
Russia what 1t wants: a total
test ban without inspection
and control.
Edith r. Maris,
North Hollywood, Calf.
Evening star., 1961-02-01
Mr.. Sans Victory'

speaker Rayburn, by a margin of
five votes out of 429, has won his fight
to enlarge the Rules Committee by
adding to that body two Democrats, who
can be expected to do his bidding, and
a, Republican. The intended and prob
able effect will be to take from the
committee and give to the Speaker the
power to decide what legislation will be
brought before the House. To say the
least, the position of the new Democratic
members will not be enviable.
1t has been and still Is our opinion
that this was an unnecessary, unwise
and potentially harmful move on the
Speakers part. The contention, ad-
vanced by some, that President Ken
nedy's prestige" was at stake is, in our
belief, entirely fallacious. If true, Mr..
Kennedy's prestige certainly has not
been enhanced by the close squeak in
the House. But this contention, we
believe, was phony issue brought into
the picture in spirit of desperation by
those who would go to almost any
lengths to break the Rules Committee
as constituted under Chairman Smith.
This fight will also leave scars be-
cause it was waged on what we think
were false premises. Chief among these
was the assertion that the Kennedy
legislative program faced disaster unless
the committee could be packed. The
record does not support this charge, and
the assurances given by Chairman
Smith should have been adequate on
this point. In any event, the time to
enlarge the committee was after-not
before-even one piece of Kennedy
legislation had been bottled up. To force
this fight in advance was, we think, not
only unwarranted by the facts but also
an error Of Judgment which may prove
costly in the long run.
Now that the deed has been done,
however, it is time to move on. Those
In the House who are embittered by the
tactics used to pack the Rules Commit
tee should rise above any temptation to
obstruct for the sake of obstruction. At
the same time, the 212 members who
voted against the Speaker on this issue,
plus the undetermined number who
supported him yesterday but who will
not let themselves be stampeded into
voting for any and every bill which the
Kennedy administration may propose,
have duty to the country. That duty
is to oppose legislation which they think
Is not in the national interest. The
strength Of the opposition in yesterdays
1n-adviSed showdown signifies, we
think, that this will be done.
Evening star., 1961-02-01
Conference Hall
Why not provide the Pres

Why not provide the Presi-
dent of the United States
with facilities at least COM
parable to those afforded his
subordinates? When the
President must hold his press
conferences at the State De-
partment, the White House
obviously requires q presi-
Dental auditorium as an ad-
junct facility where the
President may meet the press.
greet large groups Of visitors,
convene conferences. etc.
A stones throw from the
White House stands the Be-
lasco Theater, now scheduled
for demolition in favor Of a
controversial court house. AS
q Senator, President Ken
nedy introduced S. $3.50 Ito
restore the Belasco Theater
to its condition at the time 1t
was acquired by the Federal
Government" His bill should
be passed and his high office
provided with o fitting and
useful appurtenance - q
presidential auditorium in q
historic structure on La
fayette Square adjacent to
the White House.
Theodore Schuchat.
Evening star., 1961-02-01
Stalled Compact

An appeal by watermen from the
decision of the Baltimore Circuit Court
upholding the validity Of the Potomac
River fishing pact has neceSSitated a
further delay in final ratification Of
the historic Maryland Virginia agree
ment. However, the lower court decision
was so persuasive that supporters of the
compact are hopeful of a favorable
ruling by the appellate court. In the
end, we are confident the pact will be
adopted - for the Legislatures of both
States and the voters of Maryland in
referendum have said they approve
1t. Once the litigation is out of the way.
it remains only for Congress to complete
ratification. And congressional approval
is regarded as certain.
Circuit Court Judge Sodaro not only
declared that the recent Maryland
referendum approving the compact was
legal, despite a slip-up in advertising
the referendum, but firmly rejected con-
tentions Of group Of Southern Mary
land watermen that the pact itself was
unconstitutional, In that 1t delegated
certain Of Maryland's enforcement
rights to Virginia. We think the court
was right in declining to upset the refer
endum on flimsy technicality namely,
that the election was not advertised in
county newspapers in addition to the
Baltimore Sun. Judge Sodaro received
evidence of widespread publicity given
the pact and the referendum in county
newspapers throughout the State, as
well as on radio and televison. And the
fact that nearly 100000 votes were cast
In the referendum indicates that the
public was well informed regarding it.
An interesting aspect Of the compact
controversy is the fact that the United
States Supreme Court, through its
referee, retired Justice Stanley Reed,
helped to bring the pact into being
and, presumably, wants it to be adopted
as soon as possible. Unless an agreement
is reached, the high court will have to
hear Virginia'S suit challenging the
validity of Maryland'S unilateral repu-
diation of 1785 compact And the
Supreme Court is reluctant to have
this suit fought out If it can be avoided.
Certainly such long -drawn-out and
bitter legal battle would be against the
interests Of the people Of both States.
Evening star., 1961-02-01
For q Better Zoo

According to your news
story of January "a. the Mid
City Citizens Association op-
poses use Of District funds to
modernize and repair the Ma
tional Geological Park.
Your story continues: "The
action, in opposition to q
fund-raising drive by q group
calling themselves the Friends
Of the Zoo. -"
The Evening Star has given
excellent news coverage to
the public statements and &C
tionS of the Friends Of the
National Zoo. Readers OF
these stories, or of our pub
lished reports, are well aware
that we also favor Federal fl
nancing Of the National Zoo
logical Park.
The action Of the Mid-City
Citizens Association does not
oppose our position. 1t sup
ports it. Indeed, the Friends
of the National Zoo was Or
ganized to save the Zoo from
its financial plight, and we
have declared consistently
that this cannot be done with
District funds.
To correct another point,
we are not engaged in q fund
raising drive. We have quite
recently presented a master
plan for the Zoos develop
ment to the Smithsonian In
stitution. again stressing that
the District cannot afford to
support an adequate national
ZOO.
Our reports have been sent
to all Of the citizens associa-
tions and we have been in
vited to speak at meetings Of
several of them. A number
have adopted resolutions sup
porting our position. We are
glad to have the Mid-City
Citizens Association included
in this number.
John Perry,
President, the Friends Of the
National Zoo.
Evening star., 1961-02-01
Commissioner Tobriner

The selection of Walter N. Tobriner
as the next District Commissioner is an
excellent one. In the community at
large he. enjoys the highest regard and
respect, tribute he has fully earned
through arduouS and effective service
in half dozen civic enterprises We
hope now that no time is lost in the
formality of his nomination, and that
this is quickly confirmed by the Senate
so he can assume Immediately the
leadership Of District affairs.
Mr.. Tobriner is best known to the
public as member of the District Board
Of Education since 1852, and its president
for the past three years. To him Is due
a substantial share Of credit for the
swift and remarkably smooth integra-
ton of public schools which followed
the Supreme Court decision Of 1854. In
addition, his experience with school
affairs has given Mr.. Tobriner a direct
and intimate knowledge of District fiscal
enthusiastically the foremost initial
challenge he will face at the District
Building. Not quite as well known, per-
hapS, are his contributions in the field
Of health, as president Of the Metropoli-
tan Area Hospital Council and Of the
Washington Hospital Center, and, In
the field Of housing and urban renewal,
as board member Of the National
Capital Housing Authority. All in all,
1t would be hard to find a citizen "a
native Of Washington, Incidentally so
admirably equipped for the varied
80 hi iaIa
The Star reported last Monday, on
the basis of authoritative information,
that President Kennedy intended to
name Frank D. Reeves, Democratic
national committeeman from the
District, as the next Commissioner
Monday evening, In a reversal Of this
decision, the White House announced
Mr.. Tobriner's Selection-along with the
appointment Of Mr.. Reeves as a special
presidential assistant. Whatever the
reasons for this change, we do not think
they bear upon the abilities of Mr..
Reeves. If he should later be appointed
to fill another vacancy as Commissioner,
as speculation has 1t he will be, we
know of no reason to think he would
not be a good one.
Meanwhile, the course Of events
indicates that Commissioner Mclaughlin
will remain in Office until his term
expires June 80. Presumably, as should
be the case, ME-. Tobriner will take over
the presidency of the Board of Com
miSSioners from Mr.. Mclaughlin i'm
mediately. The replacement Of only one
Of the three board members during the
next few months, however, will permit
a more orderly transition Of leadership
than would otherwise be possible, an
advantage Of no small consequence in
the troubled period ahead.
Evening star., 1961-02-01
Lucky Tiger?

The controversy created by
Prince Philip and his tiger
might well serve to focus
some fresh thinking on the
propriety and worth of hav-
ing geological parks along
presently conceived lines.
AS mentioned in my earlier
letter, the pertinent author
ity should seriously consider
If the public might not far
better be served by the cap
turing Of animals and birds
in their natural habitat with
color-sound photography and
the taXidermist versus dis
playing imprisoned, un-
healthy compared to their
condition in the free state)
and unhappy animals In a
so-called geological park. Has
anyone ever seen a happy
appearing animal in a zoo?
I think that Prince Philip
most likely did a magnificent
service for his Indian tiger;
If the tiger was in fact a top
specimen" it was then a
top candidate for man
made park" where it would
have spent countless miser-
able years in a slow and most
ignoble sort of death.
Lucky tiger to have been
felled by a Prince! in
stead Of lolly-popped to death
from 9:30-5:30 daily.
Donald Webb.
Evening star., 1961-02-01
Sound as q Dollar

In sense, President Kennedy was
speaking to two worlds in his comments
on monetary and economic affairs In his
ate-of-the-Unio message.
To the free world abroad, and most
particularly to the currently prosperous
industrial nations, he made the COM
mitment that the American dollar will
not be devalued, that we will not i'm
pose exchange controls, fall back on
restrictive trade policies, or weaken our
commitments around the globe. At the
same time, he offered the reminder that
our monetary and financial position re-
mains Exceedingly strong" that we
hold large assets abroad, and that the
total owed this Nation Qong-term and
short-term) far exceeds the claims upon
our gold reserves.
These are promises and reminders
OF great moment. The United States
today, as for some years past, is serving
as the banker" Of the free world. The
dollar Is the basic reserve currency-a
role once filled by the British pound
supplementing gold in the monetary
reserves Of other free nations. It's
Is to us, and doubts concerning the
dollar would deal severe blow to these
other monetary systems. Restrictions
upon currency convertibility, the erec-
ton Of new trade barriers on our part,
or major retreat from commitments
in the common cause could be COM
parably damaging to these others in the
free community.
It was appropriate, however, that
Mr.. Kennedy likewise served notice that
new steps will get under way imme-
diately" to ease our international pay
ments deficit and to prevent any real
gold crisis. These are of moment, also,
to our friends: That we shall seek to
attract greater foreign investment and
travel to this country, to promote further
our export trade, to reduce our private
spending abroad, and to seek a greater
sharing on their part in providing for
the common defense and assistance to
the less developed countries.
/, To the world" at home, Mr.. Kennedy
Evening star., 1961-02-01
Released Flyers

It seems that we have
taught Mr.. Khrushchev q
good lesson on the continuity
Of the democratic process 50
that even he understood that
he cannot start the new re-
lationS with President Ken
nedy without first granting
the demand made by Mr..
Eisenhower during his presi-
dency about the release Of
the Bat flyers.
On the other hand we have
got no less a good lesson that
in the Goth century the Rus
slams are still using human
beings as hostages in their
international relations as
they used them in the 17th,
18th and 10th centuries when
many sons and daughters of
many Asian and Caucasian
princes were taken to Peters,
burg to insure the good be-
havior Of their respective
fathers. Russian imperialism
has changed its slogans and
flag but not its aims and
methods.
v. KOval.
Evening star., 1961-02-01
Prejudiced Minds

In your recent editorial
about Arkansas rejection of
the constitutional amend
ment permitting Washing
tonians to vote for President
and Vice President, you are
altogether correct in recog-
mixing that. In spite Of the
proclaimed basis for opposing
the amendment, the real
reason was the twisted no.
ton" that an approval some
how might be considered as
advancing the cause Of Ne
groeS.
I commend The Star on It's
perception Of the underlying
racial prejudice which influ-
enced this action. I wonder,
however. why your paper has
never rendered q similar
Judgment about those consid-
cradle forces within our own
community who continue to
oppose home rule for the Dis
trict on all kinds Of alleged
constitutional and economic
grounds but whose real reason
Is equally apparent: prejudice
against Negroes who consti-
tute o majority Of the citizens
OF the District?
Aaron Goldman
Editors Note: The Stars
own opposition to home rule
Is based on the conviction
that home rule will seriously
impair this city's future de-
velopment as the great Capi-
tai 1t should become. The Star
does not share the view Of
those whose opposition to
home rule Is based on the
fact that Negro citizens would
vote in local elections.)
Evening star., 1961-02-01

@. Is there any record of
the first baptism performed
by the English in this coun-
try?-E. v.
A. According to American
Guide Series volume on
North Carolina the first re-
corded Protestant baptism
performed by English-speak-
ing people in the New World
took place on Roanoke Island
on August 13. 1887. The con-
vert was the Indian Manteo.
The next baptism was that
Of the infant Virginia Dare,
who was born on August IS
and chriStened on Sunday,
August Is.
@. Please name the full
generals of the Confederate
Army.-H. T.
A. In addition to Robert E.
Lee (l861; commander-in-
chief, 1869: Samuel Cooper
Q86D. Albert Sidney john
Ston (186D, P. G. T. Beaure-
gard Q86D. Joseph E. John
ston l86D, Braxton Bragg
(1862), E. Kirby Smith (1864)
and John B. Hood (1s64,
temporary.
Evening star., 1961-02-01
Mordi Gros Note

With the world-famed
Mardi GraS in New Orleans
near at hand, I think 1t
might be Of interest to your
readers to know that all in
dications point to this years
celebration (scheduled for
February 5-1H being the
best and biggest ever.
Much Of the national news
coverage on our school prob
lem during November and
December tended to create
an impression Of disorder
and confusion in our COM
munity. The truth is that
there were never more than
one-tenth Of one per cent Of
our people involved in dem
onstrations Of any type.
There were no injuries, no
damage. and not the slight
est disruption in our normal
business and public life.
New Orleans is q tradition
ally hospitable, courteous,
and charming city. It will
always be that way. AS the
more than six million peo-
pie who visit us annually
know full well. we are a
community Of friendly peo-
pie who love to share our
unique heritage with others.
The problem Of race re-
lations is not alone a South
ern problem. It is a ma
tional and worldwide prob
lem which can only be solved
through understanding, pa
tience, and tolerance.
Let me assure you that
New Orleans today is a dy-
manic, hard working, pro-
gressive city. Its people ask
only that they be judged on
real and enduring values, not
glaring headlines and SEN
sational TV news coverage.
deLesseps 8. Morrison,
Mayor Of New Orleans
Evening star., 1961-02-01
LISBON.

LISBON.
One Of the major frustra-
tions Of the corps of high
powered correspondents
gathered here is the near i'm
possibility Of coming up with
anything like an accurate
measure Of the public feeling
over the Santa Maria affair
or making any reasonably
sure predictions of what the
long-range results may be.
Portugal is one country
where there is precious little
chance to feel the public
pulse. DR.. Gallup. himself,
would be Stymied in trying to
sound out reaction to any
thing more touchy than foot
ball or fado-subjects on
which every Portuguese will
talk eloquently.
When it comes to political
questions, the people have a
funny way of forgetting their
French or English. And to
get the point across, there
is a curious little sign that
they make with their fingers
AS if they were peeking out
through the bars of a jail.
In view of the rigid con-
trolls clamped by the govern
ment on all of the normal
forms Of public expression,
the occasional lapses in these
controls are the more strik-
ing. 1t was startling, for in
stance to find on sale on news
stands in Lisbon the very
same report that started all
the trouble between the Sal
azar regime and Capt. En-
riguo Galvao, leader of the
rebel group aboard the Santa
Maria.
The report on conditions in
Portugal's African colonies of
Angola, Mozambique and
Portuguese Guinea was writ
ten by Capt. Galvao more
than 10 years ago after an
official tour Of the colonies
as a government inspector.
It was smothered at the time
and Capt. Galvao was i'm
prisoned soon afterward. For
all the Portuguese public
knew the report had never
existed.
Impressive Reading
It's unexpected reappear-
ance here may have been a
simple oversight by the Gov
ernment censor. Or maybe
since it was in English
reprinted by the London
Observer from a copy dis
covered in Brazil-the au-
thorities felt it could do little
harm. Still, in the light Of
the current fuss, Capt. Gal
vao's sweeping indictment
Of the Salazar regime and its
African policies makes inn
preSSive reading. And al
Evening star., 1961-02-01
WATCHING THE WORLD
An Accounting Due for SoIozor
By CROSBY S. NOYI
Foreign Correspondent Of The Sta

though 1t is old, the picture,
according to those who know,
is not any prettier today.
The report, complete with
convincing statistics, de-
scribes the appalling condi-
tionS of the native population
in the three colonies that
had led to mass emigration
Of more than a million in
the preceding decade. It
speaks up passionately
against the almost complete
lack Of medical facilities,
under-nounishment and in
fant mortality that in some
areas is as high as so per
cent and the system of COM
pulsory labor which in Capt.
Galvao's opinion Is a good
deal more vicious than out
ano-ouC slavery.
The Systems Compared
Under slavery" he wrote,
"the bought man, acquired
as a head of cattle, was re-
garded as an asset by his
master. He was interested
in keeping him healthy and
strong and agile in the same
way as he would look after
his horse or bull"
The system Of recruiting
laborers in Portuguese Africa,
however, offered no such pro-
lection for the worker.
To-day the native is not
bought-he is simply rented
from the government, though
he may have the status Of q
free man. His master could
hardly care less if he falls i'll
or dies, as long as he goes
on working while he lives
when he becomes unable
to work or when he dies, the
master can always ask to be
supplied with other laborers."
In some cases, Capt. Galvao
reports, employers" had lost
up to IS per cent Of their
labor force without losing the
right to requirements from
government recruiting offices.
The fact that these charges
have at long last been
brought to public attention
and can be read even in
Portugal is only one direct
consequence Of the fantastic
episode which has suddenly
focused the interest Of the
world on this small and
deceptively placid country.
New light is being shed on
ugly abuses long concealed
by the careful controls and
bland reassuranceS of DR..
SalaZar's official apologists.
The results may not be
sudden or dramatic. But in
the end 1t seems almost in
evitable that this "bene-
VIOLENT" dictatorship will have
to face up to the consequences
Of its own defects.
Evening star., 1961-02-01
Remokinq Our World

DAVID Zwerdltngs letter,
"Alerts Young People to
Work for Disarmament" ex-
emphfies the abstract ap-
proach, to political problems
being foStered in the minds
Of those people taking an
identifiable position, loosely
described az dedicated to
achieving world peace.
Communist tactics change
but their strategy is the
same. World rule through
the spreading of theological
poison. Communism would
not be communism If 1t were
not a bitter fight to the end.
Perhaps when world plan
ners" recognize the absence
Of the organic and historical
forces necessary for cohesion
in q world community, ma
tion-wide acceptance of Com
munist-inspired issues will
cease and the enormous gap
between theory and practice
will be filled with q united
effort to maintain our armed
and scientific and productive
strength.
Victory. however. must be
won by a superior theology. An
ideology that will unite and
release the enormous moral
potential Of all men Of good
will, whatever their racial or
spiritual background. Then
and only then can democ-
racieS remake the world and
achieve lasting justice and
an honorable peace for all
men. C. Jefferson Martin, jr.