davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-09-27

tional and nuclear, that could power a
war of aggression. Verification and
control, assuring that no state would
have a military advantage over another,
would be the responsibility Of new
agency within the United Nations
itself. Production, testing, and transfer
of these weapons and their delivery
systems would fall in due time under
the ban, subject to true inspection of
its application.
There was very little doubt that
the Soviet Union, which constantly
gives lip service to disarmament while
rattling its powerful weapons and
refusing any form of effective in
Spection or control, would continue to
find grounds for objection and obStruc-
ton. Mr.. Gromyko already has served
notice to this effect. Meanwhile, of
course, sitting Sullenly and threat
fully aside is Communist China, un-
concerned about world opinion, un-
beholden to any code of international
morality and untouched by any deter
limitations of the United Nations. 1t is
against this bleak background that we
stand today.
Evening star., 1961-09-27
FIedgIing Pilots

Clarence Sayen, president
of the Air Line Pilots AS
sociation, is quoted in
Charles Yarbrough's column
as saying, IF you're over %
most airlines won't hire you
as pilot"
Mr.. Sayen's use Of the
term pilot will be understood
in the trade but may not be
clear to some readers.
Airlines, as a general rule,
do not hire pilots directly.
What they do is select appli-
cants for the position of Sec
ond or third pilot regardless
of how experienced the appli-
cants may be as pilots. Those
so hired are placed on a
seniority list and 7 to Is
years later they may be-
come eligible for a position as
first pilot.
So, a pilot hired at % may
not really begin his career as
a full-fledged airline pilot
until he is in his mid
30s or early 40s. Even
this may be later because
the airlines' policies of max
1mum starting age have
varied from the presently
mentioned one of %. on up
to 35 or 40-depending upon
the airlines' supply of in
terested applicants.
Robert E. Trimble
Evening star., 1961-09-27
Same Old Gromyko

One will search In vain for so much
as chemical trace of sweet reason
ableness in dour Andrei Gromyko'S grim
address to the General Assembly.
The Soviet Foreign Minister stuck
doggedly to the familiar Kremlin line
on Berlin, disarmament, divided Ger
many, colonialism and the procedure
Tor choosing new Secretary General.
He might as we'll have been driving a
bulldozer as he rolled over and pushed
aside the proposals put forward on
Monday by President Kennedy. If this
was faithful statement of the Krem-
Inns real position, the outlook for any
lve-and-let-live arrangement is about
as bleak as 1t could possibly be.
There remains, of course, the chance
that the Gromyko words were designed
to mask Mr.. Khrushchev'S true inten-
tionS. This is something that is being
explored in the discussions between the
Foreign Minister and Secretary of
State Dean Rusk, and we, meaning our
top officials, should know before long
whether this exchange of views offers
any promise of useful negotiations.
Meanwhile, the more plausible assump-
ton is that the Soviet Union intends
to press ahead with its drive for control
OF the United Nations and eventual
expansion Of the Communist domain.
If this is to be the case, trying days lie
ahead and we in the United States must
prepare for the struggle "a struggle
which may entail the use of armed
force in defense Of our vital interests
and commitments which, having been
unequivocally made, cannot now be
dishonored.
Evening star., 1961-09-27
Inside Kotonqd

In the letters printed Sep
tember 20 under "Hammar-
skjold's Death and the Issue
That Caused IT., all four OF
the writer's fail to place the
blame for the situation in the
Congo as it is today. and for
Mr.. Hammarskjold's death
itself, where it largely be-
1ongS-on the European min
ing interests in Katanga and
their determination to hold
these interests at the expense
of a united Congo. Who are
the white mercenaries lead
ing the Katanga natives
against the U. N. troops? Who
was flying the jets which at
tackled the U. N? Are these
white mercenaries interested
in the welfare Of the people
of Katanga? Could 1t be
that Mr.. Tshombe is merely q
figurehead, a puppet which
these Europeans have set up to
cover, however crudely, their
determination to hold onto
their financial interests in
Katanga, even at the expense
of a war with the U. N. fought
under their direction by the
people whose land they are
mining? Does Katanga be-
long to European mining in
terests or to the people of the
Congo?
1t is evident to even the
most naive that there are
many sides to the story on
Katanga. Richard L. Light.
Evening star., 1961-09-27
Berlin Settlement

Let us bring the question
of Berlin to the United Ma
tions rather than try to
settle the matter with armed
forces glowering at each
other over a boundary line,
with the possibility of any
small incident triggering a
war.
A nuclear war is unthink-
able, for it would wipe out
most of humanity. Certainly
practically all of the people
in the big cities would be
doomed.
We have enough nuclear
bombs to wipe out the Soviet
Union and its satellites sew
eral times over. We need no
more tests when we already
have a tremendous over
kill" capacity.
We should neutralize and
demilitarize both Germanys
and propose that they be
united through free elections.
We could also propose that
Czechoslovakia and Poland
be neutralized. These are
proposals to which Russia
would probably agree. They
are at least worth exploring.
Alexander A. Smith.
Evening star., 1961-09-27
UdoIr's Adventures

Poor Secretary Udall! 1t is
fantastic that a water main
should break just to slow him
up in the morning rush hour.
The break was announced
early enough for most sub
urbaniteS to be aware Of it.
The coverage by the police
-WMAL helicopter was ex-
cellent. How nice if we could
all break up a Commission
ers' meeting with a "very
bitter" complaint every time
there was a traffic tie-up.
Most of our car pools in the
Vienna area were late for
work, but they took a philo-
sophical viewpoint. Smaller
things than water main
breaks have held them up,
Our thanks to Sergt. Hum
phries and WMAL for excel
lent coverage Of the traffic
situation that morning.
r. H. X.
Evening star., 1961-09-27
Berlin on Capitol Hill

Let no one suppose that all the
partisan wars on Capitol Hill will sub
side now that Congress has gone home.
For far into the winter, we suspect, will
be waged the bitter campaign between
Chairman Adam Clayton Powell of the
House Education Committee and Rep
resentative Carroll Kearns, its ranking
Republican, over the possession Of two
spacious committee staff rooms in the
Old House office Building.
Mr. Powell, with arithmetic on his
side, already has ordered the tiny three
man minority staff of the committee to
members of the Democratic staff he
says are working away in one-roomer
across the hall.
But this numbers game" fires
back Mr.. Kearns, is a mere Subterfuge
which obscureS an issue of deep prin-
ciple. For the rooms, he says, have
belonged by precedent to the minority
since 1947, through fat years and lean,
whether Republican or Democrat. Thus
(aS Mr.. KearnS insists in his battle
communiques to the press) the issue
is not unlike that In Berlin, where the
rights of minority are being threatened
by an unprincipled majority. And the
most shocking thing of all to Mr.. Kearns
is that Mr.. Powell, so long champion
of minoritieS, wants to "trample minor
ity rights" into the dust now that he is
a member of the majority. viii the
Republicans obey the ultimatum to
evacuate by October 1? Were staying"
says Mr. Kearns.
So the burning question now, and
we don't know whether we can hold our
breath that long, is what will happen
when Mr.. Powell returns from Euro
pean trip late next month. What battle
plan will he invoke? Will he try to
take possession by stealth, in the dead
of night? Will he storm the bastions
with Democrats in open battle? Will
there be casualties?
Well, we will have to wait and see,
of course. But our money is on Mr..
KearnS - outnumbered, outvoted and
outraged, but armed with the principle
that minority rights must be protected
at any cost.
Evening star., 1961-09-27

In view of the fact that Uncle
Sam is burdened with q ma
tional debt Of more than $3.50
billion plus an appropriation
of $40 billion for national
defense and $40 billion to aid
Latin America, it is hoped
that the present administra-
tion will tell those aborigineS
on Manhattan Isle to paddle
their own canoe.
A TIa1and
Evening star., 1961-09-27
Bad Diplomacy?

Since the State Department
has found it expedient to de-
clare war on the customs of
the sovereign State of Mary
land over the matter of
racially separate restaurants
and their effect upon nom
white diplomats, perhaps the
very word diplomat" needs
to be re-examined.
A diplomat, Webster's tells
us, Is one skilled in di-
plomacy which, in turn, is
"artful management in Sc
curing advantages without
arousing hostility; address
or tact"
Let us hope that when
we send a diplomat to a
country like" India we warn
him that it is the custom
to remove ones shoes when
entering the Tai Mahal and
verse him in the various
customs of India which diff
fer from ours so that he
may avoid any act which
violates the customs or laws
of India. Is it, then, too
much to expect other ma
tions to respect our customs
and laws? Would 1t be in
any way discourteous to
automatically inform Afrt-
can and other diplomats sent
to the United States that
blacks and whites do not
eat together in numerous
sections and that they
should not create incidents
by attempting to violate this
custom?
Perhaps, however. the At
rican diplomat already
knows this and is prepared
to observe our customs but
is innocently led into a vio-
lation by some American
diplomat" or functionary
more interested in breaking
down the color line than
in maintaining international
serenity. In this event, Is
there not demonstrated a
contemptuousness for ami
cable international relations
that makes that individual
unfit to represent us in in
ternational affairs?
1t seems to me that this
whole matter is bein g
handled with a remarkable
lack of tact and that the
remedy, instead of the alter
ing of the laws and customs
of Maryland or any other
State, should be brought
about within our own corps
of diplomats.
Charles w. Carter.
Evening star., 1961-09-27
Ruth's Record

However reluctant some of
us old-timers may be to have
Babe Ruth's record of so
home runs go into limbo, we
must be fair to the younger
generation.
Ford Frick's edict that it
should yield only to the &C
emulation of 81 homers in
154 games is fair in q sense,
but not fully fair. And while
Mr.. Frick may dictate the
manner of recording the sta
tisticS, he cannot control the
popular feeling in a contest
such as this. The present
generation likes Mantle and
Maris.
The contention of others,
including, I believe, Mr..
Maris, that he can displace
Babe Ruth's record and es-
tablish his own pre-eminence
in the new 162-game series
by hitting 81 homers is far
off base.
Statisticians are frequent
ly confronted with the prob
lem Of maintaining the in
tegrity of comparison in a
continuing series of data in
which some basic premise
(number of games in the
season in this inStance)
changes. When such a
change occurs. it is custo-
mary to make an adjustment
of standards to harmonic
the old and new conditions
as of the time of change so
that the continuity for the
future will always be prop
erly related to, and reflective
of the records Of the older
series.
Such an adjustment would
require a record of 64 home
runs in 1862 games to exceed
Babe Ruth's long standing
record of so in 154 games.
AS 63 would fall short, the
only point at which Ruth's
record could be tied" would
be the so home runs in 154
games.
Acceptance Of this sound
statistical approach (by the
public and Mr.. Frick, II he
wild would give Roger Maris
a further legitimate chance
to exceed the Babes record
this year and would estab-
lish a valid and proper level
of comparison for all future
years.
Let's see if Maris can really
beat the Babe in a modern
full season.
Iaurance G, Newman.
Evening star., 1961-09-27
The Elements of Horror

It is both revealing and diSilluSion-
Ing that the studied proposal Of a
great power for an effort, through
general and complete disarmament, to
blunt the threat of a global holocaust
must be presented in our time as a
challenge. 1t is, in fact, almost a
mockery of mankind'S power of rea-
soning, of its intelligence and good will,
that such an appeal need be voiced in
words of near speration-summed up
in the choices of saving our planet or
perishing in its flames.
And yet, in his moving address to
the United Nations, President Kennedy
thus presented his bid for agreement
on meaningful disarmament, and his
warning that today's weapons of war
must be abolished before they abolish
us. Only the naive or the cynical, or
those of most evil aspiration, could
dispute the justification for his grave
remarks. Certainly none in the forum
before which he chose to make his
appeal could question his premise that
the mere existence of these weapons,
and the likelihood of more aweSome
ones to come, is source of horror, and
that their unleashing by miscalculation
or by madness could make the planet
no longer habitable. The shock is that
any sector of mankind must be "chal-
lenged" to join all others in ridding
the earth of this menace to survival,
and, worse, that there is perhaps little
hope that the challenge will be met.
1t is, however, to the credit of the
President and our Government that
the initiative has been taken through
the presentation of program that
would accomplish through successive
stages, beginning Immediately, the re-
duction of ornaments, both conven-
Evening star., 1961-09-27
Paying for Fair

Not long ago there was con-
siderable controversy as to
whether the Worlds Fair
should be held in Washing
ton, or in New York. When
the last Worlds Fair was held
there in 1899, the writer re-
calls that on account Of the
high cost Of labor in this
country foreign exhibitors
brought over their own con-
struction workers. The labor
barons, however, forced them
to rip out electrical installa-
tions after the structures
were actually completed and
then the work was done by
American labor.
Your recent editorial indi-
eating that the Gothamites
are demanding $50 million to
expedite the completion of
the propect is illuminating.
Evening star., 1961-09-27
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Shock Tube Stimulates Bomb Blast
BY THOMAS R. HENRY

Major damage from a nu-
clear explosion would be by
the shock waves.
A shock tube" has just
been acquired by the Navy
b means of which five
pound explosive charges
have produced blast waves as
powerful as those generated
by six of the most destruc-
tive block busters of World
War II. With some ampli-
fication, it is believed, it can
be made to simulate the
waves to be expected from
a nuclear bomb. The opera
ton is carried out with al
most complete silence.
One of the objectives of
testing would be to measure
effects of such waves. The
present tube is 180 feet long.
One 1000 feet long is under
consideration with which the
blast wave from a thousand
pound explosive charge can
be amplifed to simulate a nu-
clear explosion, equivalent to
several kilotons of conven-
tional explosives.
Blasts Greatly Amplified
Such a Device" says a
Navy report, will give the
Navy a facility capable of
economically creating inside
the laboratory repeated ra-
diation-free blast waves at
relatively short intervals.
TESTS can be performed
over a wide range Of blast
preSsures and durations sim
ply by locating test materials
at various points along the
inside of the tube, just as
one would locate test ma
terials closer or farther from
an open explosive in order
to subject them to stronger
or weaker blast forces.
The blast wave from a
five-pound explosive charge
fired at the small end of
the new shock tube is ampli-
fled $4,000 times. Such a
wave represents a sector of
a spherical shock wave gen.
Grated by about rs tons of
explosive.
This makes it possible to
create and study large-scale
blast waves without actually
firing nuclear charges"
Skilled hellcopter pilots
can be made from scratch
in a few hours without leav-
ing the ground.
This has been demon
strated with a new hell
copter flight and weapons
system simulator" just in
stalled by the Navy, accord
ing to an Office of Naval
Research report. An elec-
tronics engineer who never
had been in a helicopter be-
fore, although with some
previous air experience, sue
cessfully piloted a new ad-
vance design craft over sew
Evening star., 1961-09-27
Trading With Enemy

1t was recently reported
that sale of Cuban products
in this country between jan
uary / and July 1 totaled
about $25 million.
On August 10 I wrote Pres
ident Kennedy and asked
why he did not invoke the
trading with the enemy act"
and stop building UP Cuba's
economy and thus aiding our
Communist enemies.
I received a reply dated
September IA which reads in
part as follows:
After consideration at the
White House, your commu-
nication to the President has
been sent to the Department
of State so that we might
see your comments. We ap-
preciate your interest in
writing.
q. Although the volume
Of trade with Cuba has been
reduced drastically, the de-
partment is concerned that
the hostile Castro regime
continues to earn dollars
from exports to this country
of products such as tobacco,
fruits and vegetables.
"The department, together
with other agencies Of the
Government, is studying the
Cuban trade question care
fully with the view of de-
termining whether there are
further actions in this area
which might be taken in a
manner consistent with our
international obligations"
Did you every hear such
Stiffness? Isn't Cuba an en-
emy? Aren't we building her
economy by buying from her?
And what are "our interna-
tional obligations" that we
have to consider before we
say to an enemy we will not
permit you to sell your goods
in the United States OF
America?
It Is such wiShy-waShy
policies as the foregoing that
have gotten us into the pres
ent jam. I don't see how we
are going to get out Of it
with a Chamberlain as our
leader.
George E. Stringfellow.
East Orange, N. j.
Evening star., 1961-09-27

UNITED NATIONS, N. Y,
Sept. 27.-Beneath the ora
torical flights of President
Kennedy's highly effective
speech to the United Nations
General Assembly are some
implications that call for
serious examination.
Mr.. Kennedy, in demand
ing new strength and new
roles for a new United Ma
tions" was not merely doing
lip service to the place of the
U. N. in international affairs.
Everything that has hap
pened here in the past week
points to the fact that the
administration has decided
on a commitment to the
United Nations that goes far
beyond that of any previous
American Government.
This commitment, bluntly,
is to use American influence
to raise the q. N. to the status
of a kind of parliamentary
world government with ef-
fective strength Of its own.
And with it, by strong impli-
cation, is a second commit
ment by the United States to
subordinate its own national
interests throughout the
world to those Of a majority
of the United Nations.
The United States, in fact,
is trying to capitalize on
the present crisis to take an
other long stride forward in
strengthening the role of the
General Assembly. In all
probability, Dag Hammar
skjold's temporary" success
son will be named by the
Assembly, rather than by the
Security Council as the char
ter provides. In one more
vital area II that Of naming
the top U. N. executive Off
Ger the Security Council
and the right of veto of the
great powers are in the proc
cess Of being bypassed.
Some MisgivingS
Many persons, including
Mr.. Kennedy, hold that this
is a splendid thing, if only
because it will result in the
MIXTURE of Nikita
Khrushchev and his troika.
Most people, like Mr.. Ken
nedy, prefer world law in
an age Of self-determination,
to world war in an age of
mass determination"
At the same time there
are also some misgivings as
to exactly where this process
may be leading. The unfor-
tunate fact is that Premier
KhruShchev and his troika
are a good deal closer to the
original concept Of tn e
United Nations than Mr..
Kennedy with his philosophy
of q virtually autonomous
world organization equipped
with armed force and act
ing on the basis Of major
ity rule.
In 1945, when the U. N.
charter was written, any
such concept of world gov
ernment seemed unrealistic
to the point Of being pre-
posterouS. When 1t came to
Evening star., 1961-09-27

eral hundred miles and
through a series of COM
plicated maneuvers after
ground-training with the
device.
This helicopter trainer,
says the Navy report, "du-
plicates the full performance
range of the new all-weather
HSS-2, designed as an ad-
Vanced system for anti-sub-
marine warfare, which is
scheduled to become opera
tional this year. The flight
trainer has been delivered
before the aircraft itself has
gone into operation.
Novice Tries It
During the final test
period, Franklin E. Papin,
engineer of the firm which
developed the simulator, was
accompanied by a qualified
pilot in a flight from the
Sikorsky plant at Stratford,
Conn. He never had been
in an actual helicopter until
the day before the flight.
He piloted the HSS-2 at
top speed, made turns, as
cended, descended, lowered
at less than so feet above
the ground, and landed.
THE HSS-2, which can be
operated day or night or
during instrument flight
conditions, is capable of car
rying out such tasks as de-
lection, tracking and de-
struction of enemy sub
marines as we'll as sea rescue
services and visual recon-
naissance. A high degree of
skill is required of the crew
in executing these missions.
THE simulator will be
used to train crews in all
phases of tactical missions.
The flight control eouipment,
cockpit and sonar compart-
ment in the trainer duplicate
exactly the actual helicopter.
Even the forces felt by the
pilot trainee on his control
stick and rudder pedals dur
ing operation are the same
as those in the actual air.
craft. The trainer also du-
plicates temperature and
atmospheric pressure varia-
tions and wind force"