davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The people's voice., 1961-07-07

Not Good State To Be Unemployed In

Much was written twoyear period preceding
Legislature the business climate of Mon
suffered because of mandatory payments into the
Unemployment Compensation Fund by Main Street.
barrage truths and misinformaton foed
upon people the State Chamber of Com
it's willing helpers in both parties, including the
then Republican gubenaoria candidate, principal
tor eectng number of Brhype Republicans to the Leg
and the subsequent quitting of the
saton act by that body earlier this year.
How great hoax perpetrated the people by the
State of c. Don Nutter ct AL beginning to become
Contrary much of the benefits paid to
jobless Montanans somewhat below those
according S. Department Labor released June
enough qualify under HB 27) this state in the lower
Deep South Hawaii California lead the nation
maximum weekly benefits with each New York third
with $50, and Wisconsin, fourth with $40
Weekly benefits percentage of average weekly in
come scale with 80 per
Only 13 benefits amounting lesser percentage
of average weekly
Montana the bottom of the totem pole of all 13 west
states in maximum amount of weekly benefits payable
Here Labor Departments latest figures for contrast
with Montana's $34: Idaho $43; Oregon $40 Washington
$42 Wyoming SAT- Colorado, $43 Utah. $42; Arizona $35
California, $55 Hawaii, $55 Alaska, $45 New Mexico, $780,
and Nevada, $3.50.
1t little wonder that the high seasonay of employ
men Montana coupled with the states inadequate jobess
compensation has resulted countless thousands
skilled Montana workers moving Washington Oregon and
other Western states-HLB
The people's voice., 1961-07-07
JFk Wants Jobless
Pay Upduted

President Kennedy has asked Con
gress to bring the nations unemploy
ment compensation system up to date
He proposed:
Higher benefits.
Benefits for 5000, 900 work.
ers not now covered.
A permanent program of fed
eral benefits for workers whose
regular benefits have run out.
To finance the program, the Presi-
dent wants to increase payroll taxes
on employers.
although the bottom of the re-
cession has been passed." Mr.. Ken
nedy told Congress, "there are still
100000 Americans out of work and
100000 of them have been unem-
ployed for more than six months"
The President predicted that his
proposals 'will, to some extent, allev-
late the suffering of unemployed
workers and their families and will
help stabilize the economy by in
creasing the purchasing. power of
such workers.
Most of the 45,OOO,O0O now COW
cred by unemployment insurance
laws would become eligible for higher
benefits if the Presidents proposals
are enacted into law.
Mr.. Kennedy asked that, begin
ming in 1864, the maximum weekly
benefit be at least half of the
average weekly wage in any state.
(For Montana, minimum of at
least $41 based on present cover
age weekly wage.-PV).
Beginning in 1866, the President
wants the weekly benefit raised to
at least so per cent, and by 1868,
20 662s per cent (two-thirds) of the
weekly wage.
At present, only seven of the 81
state laws pay benefits of SO per
cent or more of the average weekly
wage.
The only law that already meets
he full federal standard is Hawaii's.
That states maximum weekly bene-
it is currently rs per cent of
Iawaii's average weekly wage.
Under the Presidents proposal,
employers in states that fail to
adopt the federal standards would
lose federal tax credits.
Mr.. Kennedy's program would also
'rotect jobless workers undergoing
etraining. Unemployment benefits
ould not be denied to persons taking
art in such training. Workers would
lso have the right to refuse employ
lent while still in training. THE
IACHINIST.
The people's voice., 1961-07-07
Democracy or Republic?
From LABOR


This time the John Birch Society which raising this
issue.
individual
its reactonary purposes.
Always
intended to p a
Technically democracy
small
The people's voice., 1961-07-07

I can hardly make talk nowadays
without some mention of the new
900-calorie diets. The other day we
heard of 900-calorie shampoo. It's
for fat heads.-George P. Larrick,
The people's voice., 1961-07-07
WHAT DO YOU THINK?
By GRETCHEN G. BILLINGS

I have conducted little survey
before writing this column by asking
about dozen people what the word
modification" means TO them. The
answers of all of them has been, 'to
reduce, Ito lower', "to qualify.
Is the Governor presuming be-
| fore the committee even starts to
work, what they are to produce?
Will his use of the word "modifi-
cation" cast the pattern for the aims
and goals of the committee?
We have seen tragic results of
Misunderstanding because of inter
pretations put on words over the past
year. Therefore, it seems important
we start out on this matter knowing
just what meaning is being put on
the words that are being, used to
describe our course.
The words economy" and "effi-
cheney" of the campaign became "re-
trenchment' and CLOVER state spend
ing'' after election and resulted in
cutting many vital services, includ-
ing the lowest state equalization
level for the school foundation pro-
gram since the program began.
I contend the people misunder-
stood what was meant by the econ
omy and efficiency campaign and
also l contend it was intended they
should misunderstand.
For that reason the people of Mon
tana should take an interest in this
committee, set up by legislative
resolution. and not wait until year
and a half has been spent working
simply on modification" of the
school foundation program, if that
means lowering or reducing it.
These are dangerous times for edu-
cation, and perusing the 80 names
does nothing to buoy up the spirits
of those who believe we need and
must have good educational facilities.
In looking over the list we find
it is not truly representative of the
State of Montana as the resolution
in the words &c the Gov
appoint committee, representive of
groups and individuals interested in
and concerned with elementary and
secondary education :"
Other than the school superintend-
ents the committee is far from rep
resentative of the groups interested
n Montana education.
Glaringly evident on the committee
S Dean Chaffin, former Gallatin
county representative to the legisla-
,ure, presently a Montana Power
Company director. He was one of the
oitterest enemies of the foundation
program ever TO grace the legislative
lalls.
The Montana Power has another
representative on the committee in
he form of Art NeiN. He was head
# the Montana Taxpayers Associa-
ion before moving up in the power
company. Neill is probably one of
he best informed people on taxation
n Montana, and violent opponent
o taxes.
The Anaconda Company has at
east one representative, and there is
It least one member who was an
fficer in the Nutter for Governor
Besides these anti-taxites there ap-
ears the name of Keith Anderson,
resently head of the Montana Tax
ayers Association, which needs no
No representative of the State De-
of Public Instruction. nor
liss Miller, the State Superintend-
MT, was appointed.
Names of representatives of or
CARNATIONS who have had a con-
tinuing interest in Montana edu-
cation are noticeable by their ab-
sence.
Montana people should take an
IMMEDIATE interest in this committee
nd the work it will be donig.
Evening star., 1961-09-24
The Foreign Scene

Continued from Page C-1
stubborness and -Nazism, cost
Mr.. Adenauer his job as we'll as
loss of freedom for the next IL
years Che was under house srrest).
At the end of the war, Mr..
Adenauer was asked by the Allies
to help restore democratic govern
ment in West Germany; together
with other middle of the road
politicians. he formed the Chris
tian Democratic Union in 1945.
In the country's first Bundestag
elections in 1949. the CDU polled
35 per cent of the vote; in 1858,
As per cent; and in 1857, a major
ity of 50.2 per cent, with Mr..
Adenauer elected Chancellor each
time. In l949 and 1858, he formed
coalition governments, but in 1857
he had a majority one.
The CDU probably would have
retained its majority position
again, but for the Berlin crisis
and Mr.. Adenauer's stubborn re-
fusal to yield his post to younger
man.
In the present situation, many
voters preferred a younger, more
dynamic man to the 85-year- -old
der Alte." Some voted for the
Social Democrats led by 47-year-
old Willy Brandt 1876 per cent of
the vote), others for the Free
Democratic Party (13 per cent?.
The FDPs have said they will
Evening star., 1961-09-24
The Ideal Civil Servant

The following tribute to Dag
HammarskjOId was made by
United States Ambassador to the
United Nations Adlai Stevenson
last week:
Dag Hammarskjold was the very
embodiment of the international
civil servant that the Secretary
General of the United Nations
should ideally and always be. He
was resolutely impartial, resolutely
evenhanded, and resolutely firm
in carrying out the mandates with
which he was entrusted. He never
swerved from what he conceived
to be his duty to the United Ma
tions and to the cause of peace,
and he never wavered under ire
sponsible invective and unjust crit
iciSm.
Mr.. Hammarskjold's skill as a
diplomatiSt was admired in every
chancellery of the world, and it
was attested to many times when
leaders who could not bring them
selves to confide in each other were
glad to confide in him.
But closer to his heart than the
urgent tasks of diplomacy, and
more enduring in its value for
humanity, is the ideal to whose
realization he contributed so
greatly in his capacity as head of
the Secretariat. That ideal has be-
come an increasing reality. For its
sake a great price has already been
paid. The ideal of an international
Evening star., 1961-09-24

not participate in a coalition
unless Mr.. Adenauer is replaced
by his deputy, 64-year-old Ludwig
Erhard. Many CDU supporters,
preferring Mr.. Erhard to Mr..
Adenauer, voted for the FDP.
Since Mr.. Adenauer has ruled
out a coalition with the Socialists,
his future as Chancellor appar-
emily depends on whether he can
persuade FDP Chief Erich Mende.
a former army officer, that the
country needs him to remain. A
decision will probably be reached
this week.
In any case, Western officials
foreSaw no change in West Ger
many's foreign policy, based on
its strong attachment to the NATO
alliance. The new government,
however, will be able to talk more
freely about German unification.
This issue-at the heart of the
Berlin crisis-waS political dyna-
mite during the campaign. No
politician dared suggest unifica-
ton was unlikely in the near
future without taking a fatal risk.
Now, however, in return for
Berlin guarantee by the Soviet
Union, the West may have to
recognize permanent division of
Germany-something West Ger
many so far has refused to do,
but may have to do under pressure
from its allies.
Evening star., 1961-09-24

friends and influence nations dur
ing the last year. This progress
if such there has been-should be
reflected in the ballots.
Outer Mongolia Issue
Realization is now widespread
that Outer Mongolia must be re-
garded as a key issue closely re-
lated to the Red Chinese question.
At first determined to veto
Outer Mongolia out of hand, Ma
tionaliSts now hope that the So
Wet satellite can be blocked by
inSufficiency of Security Council
votes.
The veto is still possibility
but there is awareneSs that this
will hurt the NationalistS with the
African bloc supporting admission
of Mauritania. The Soviet Union
has threatened to block Mauri-
tania if Outer Mongolia is not
admitted.
Earlier, Nationalist China had
hoped to reason with the African
states and convince them that the
Soviet was being intransigent,
whereas any veto of Outer Mon
golia would be legitimate and in
accord with principle. Now it be-
lieves that legitimacy and principle
are about dead in connection with
United Nations affairs.
Both Nationalists and the United
States have been so preoccupied
with various U. N. strategies that
until recent days they had lost
sight of the tremendous Importance
of maintaining the status quo.
For Taipei, the U. N. member
ship and Security Council seat are
Evening star., 1961-09-24

and that Of the United Nations:
'The man does not count, the
institution does" Yet, institutions
are made to serve man, and it is
from the greatest men that they
derive their character and their
strength. The memory of this one
man-humane. cultured, judicious,
possessed of a poetic and phil
osophic vision, free of passion
other than a passion for the rule
of reason and decency, modest
and brave-this memory will al
ways be with us as a reminder of
the best that the United Nations
can be, and of the qualities which
it demands of us.
A Fitting Tribute
In conclusion, let me suggest,
Mr.. President, that the most
fitting tribute the United Nations
can pay to Dag Hammarskjold is
that he should be buried here by
the river at this headquarters of
the organization to which he gave
his life. I suggest this with, of
course, final Difference to the
wishes of his family and Of the
government of Sweden, whose
great son he was, and in the be-
lief which I know is widely held
that he belongs to all mankind.
And, Mr.. President, I should
like also to suggest to my fellow
delegates that suitable memorial
be provided as a permanent tan
gible tribute to Mr.. Hammarskjold
and to the ideals which he served
so nobly, preferably living me-
mortal to advance the work for
peace and international under
standing which was his life.
I make this suggestion in the
knowledge that no memorial, no
tribute, can ever be adequate. Dag
HammarSkjold's true memorial
will be the great new institution
in the family of man which it is
our duty to build and to nourish.
There is poem by the great
Indian poet Rabindaranath Tagore
which contains these lyric lines:
Listen to the rumbling Of the
clouds. o heart of mine.
Be brave, break through and
leave for the unknown"
We are indebted to Mr.. Reston
of the New York Times for re-
minding us this morning of what
Mr.. Hammarskjold's response was
when these words of Tagore were
quoted to him. He said this: II
think that these lines express in
a very noble way the attitude we
must take to this venture called
the United Nations. We may listen
to the rumbling of the clouds, but
we can never afford to lose that
kind of confidence in ourselves
and in the wisdom of man which
makes us brave enough to break
through and leave, always leave
for the unknown"
Mr.. Hammarskjold has left for
the unknown, but bravely and in
the cause of us all.
Evening star., 1961-09-24

lion or so Democrat voters in the
country will now need a new po-
litical identity. BY offering a good
program and good candidates, he
hopes to attract former Democrats
but still keep his party progress
Sive.
Whether this will be possible
a point now hotly contested-re-
mains to be seen.
Two -Porty Rivalry
Whichever party emerges victo-
riouS from the elections, it is GER
tain that the two party rivalry of
the last 10 years will become a
thing of the past. 1t will give way,
under the new system of propor-
tional representation, to multi
party rivalry. This may make it
necessary for the political leaders
to try yet another Innovations
coalition government.
In the 1857 elections, one DEM
ocrat deputy was elected for each
10000 votes cast while it took
100000 votes to elect one opposi-
ton deputy. The result was a
heavy legislative majority for the
Democrats out of all proportion
to their popular support.
The new system will prevent
this, but it will also make it diff
ficult for any one party to obtain
Evening star., 1961-09-24
BY WILLIAM GLENN
Contributing Writer

TAIPEI. - Nationalist Chin a
does not expect any miracles at
the 18th session of the United
Nations General Assembly - but
neither does it anticipate being
drummed out of the international
organization which it helped TO
found.
At first the feeling here was
that every effort should be made
to continue the moratorium in de-
batting the question of Red Chi
neSe membership.
Gradually, that has changed. 1t
would be too strong to say that
debate is welcomed. But there is
a feeling that the indictment
against Peiping may have some
effect upon the neutralists and
the newly independent African
countries.
The NationaliSts reluctantly
have accepted American insistence
that moratorium vote could not
be won this year.
They have not bought the pes
simiStic view that all is lost this
year or next, and that the Com
munists can summon the votes to
put Peiping in and Taipei out.
For the Nationalists, such an
outlook is inconceivable in a world
where the Communists remain a
small minority in terms of Sepa-
rate sovereign states.
Also, Free China has made its
most determined effort to win
Evening star., 1961-09-24

civil service whose members are
available in fair weather and foul
to do the work of the community
and, if need be, to uphold it with
their lives.
"a Hove Lost Lives
Since the founding of the United
Nations thirty-four United Nations
officials and Secretariat members
have given their lives in the line
of their international duty. Mr..
Hammarskjold and the five Sec
retariat members who died with
him are the latest names on this
roll of honor.
Every nation has it's heroes, but
what these people died for, and
what thousands of their colleagues
still labor for today, is something
more Notwithstanding which
transcends all the national and
regional interests and all ideolo-
gies of power and conquest-the
world community of nations.
The future of that community
is in great measure in our hands
to build or to destroy, to uphold
or to neglect. Today it is only
half-formed. 1t is beset with dan
ger and with forbidding problems.
But it is the hope of man. 1t has
need of the best energies and the
finest talents which we, its mem
. bers, can put at it's service.
Dag Hammarskjo1d once said,
at a moment of crisis in his life
Evening star., 1961-09-24

representatives would have the
U. N. forum from which to join
Cuba in denouncing American
"colonialism and imperialism"
Some Counter Measures
Leaders here are also aware that
powerful elements in the United
States would try to bring about
American withdrawal from the
U. N. 1t is conceivable that the
Nationalists would suggest a
counter organization, such as a
Free World League that would not
accept Communists.
Among educated circles. interest
in the United Nations session is
without parallel.
Even. the man on the street has
come to understand that this time
the events are Of more than
passing importance.
Newspapers and radio stations
are reporting the preliminarieS in
detail.
There is confidence that the
foreign minister will make a good
showing as head of the Nationalist
delegation, but there is a sophisti-
Gated awareness that oratory will
not be enough.
In general, presumption exists
that if Free ChinaN emerges
triumphant this time, the per-
formance can be repeated for the
foreseeable future.
There is little fear-as appar-
emily exists in the State Depart
ment-that even if Red China is
held off this year, its admission
is almost inevitable within the
next two or three years.
Evening star., 1961-09-24
A RETURN TO DEMOCRACY
Turks Open Election Drive

a clear cut majority in the parlia-
ment.
The new electoral law estab-
fishes Supreme Electoral Coun-
Gil to supervise all aspects of the
elections-the preparation of reg
listers, electoral identity cards and
the formation of provincial and
district electoral boards. It will
make the final rulings regarding
disputes, both during and after
the elections.
The electoral law provides equal
campaign opportunities for all
parties, regardless of size, giving
each 10 minutes of radio time
daily, beginning on the 18th and
ending on the fourth day before
the elections.
Broodcosting the Returns
The radio stations and other
communications media will carry
no returns until pm, on cleo
ton day. The returns will be
broadcast between 8 pm. and 9
pm, from lists prepared by the
Supreme Electoral Council.
The new Turkish Constitution.
drafted by a committee of prom
inent jurists and university pro-
teSsors, introduces for the first
time in Turkeys history a system
OF checks and balances.
I'VE could not argue that this
constitution is an absolutely ideal
one" said Gen. Gursel recently
But all that we could wish for
the well being of the Turkish
nation has been included in it,"
The constitution envisages a BIZ
cameral system. The 45O-member
lower house will function as the
main legislative body, with the
l5O-member Senate providing a
check on abuse of power" by.a
top-heavy House majority. The
Senators will serve six-year terms.
one-third being elected every two
years. The "a officers of the
committee OF National Unity will
become lifetime members.
A 7-Yeor President
The President, more or less a
figurehead. will provide a further
check on both the House and the
Senate. He will be elected for a
seVen-year term by a joint session
OF the two houses, and will not
be eligible for reelection. He
will resign from his party and
serve as an impartial, non
political head of state" When his
term expires, he will become a
lifetime member of the Senate.
Both the legislative and the
executive will be subject to the
judicial review of the new Su-
preme Court which will determine
whether or not laws are consti-
tutional.
In short, the new Turkish con-
Stitution makes every effort to
assure the rule of democracy in
Turkeys future. But grave eco
nomic problems remain, requiring
drastic and sometimes unpopular
reforms.
The question at the moment is
this: Will the Turks be able to
maintain and revitalize their
newly founded political institu-
tions while attempting to solve
economic and social problems
that go to the very core of the
nation?
They are determined to try.
Evening star., 1961-09-24
Over-PopuIotion Still Key Issue in Orient

total cultural milieu, is also de-
clining. It is now 98 per thousand
in India and Indonesia, 81 in Cey-
Ion and Al in Japan. Compared to
European standards, these rates
are "uncivilized," but there is con-
siderable room for further decline.
Within Asia, the birth rates
range from 46.2 per thousand in
the Federation of Malaga, 40 in
India, 81 in Burma and Pakistan,
and II in Jordan down to 10 in
Lebanon. Regionally. the birth
rates during the last 10 years have
ranged from So per thousand in
West Asia to 35 in East Asia.
SurvivoIs High
Thus, with a definitive decline
in the death rate and a high and
near-stationary birth rate, the
survival rate is high, yielding huge
new additions to the population.
Food is Asia's biggest problem.
Nearly 80 per cent of it's people
have never had and will never
have in the foreseeable future
what an American family takes
for granted as good square meal.
In a few countries the shortage is
chronic, bordering on famine con-
ditions. The per capita daily con-
sumption in terms of calories
varies from 100 in India and
1900 in Ceylon to 2,100 in Japan.
The estimated minimum require
ment for all Asian countries is
$500 calories. The hunger in Asia
is increasing every day because,
while food production is on the
Evening star., 1961-09-24
fnfont Mortality Rote

The infant mortality rate, which
Is considered a sensitive index of
a community's level Of living and
Evening star., 1961-09-24
aipei Waiting-but Not Resigned

sources of immense prestige both
internally and internationally.
Almost certainly, a U. N. defeat
would lead to serious difficulties
for the government on Formosa.
Opposition that is now quiescent
would come into the open and the
old Formosan versus Chinese con-
flict might be renewed.
Downgrodine NotionoIists
In Asian eyes, the Nationalists
would have been downgraded to a
sort of appendage of the United
States. For Red China, the effect
would be the opposite. Overseas
Chinese now hesitating in deter
mination of their loyaltieS would
quickly plop into the Communist
camp.
Neither Korea nor Vietnam hold
U. N. seatS-but that is because of
their division and the Soviet veto.
Their prestige does not suffer
because they are observers and
not participants.
But Nationalist China was a
founding member, and transfer of
the membership to the Reds would
be regarded as close to death
blow to Nationalist aspirations for
return to power on the mainland.
Feeling is strong here that the
United States would similarly suf-
fer loss of international standing,
and that from the moment of
Red Chinese admission, the United
Nations would have lost all use
fulness to the cause of peace. I'M
mediately. America would come
under heavy pressures to solve
"the Formosa problem" Peiping's