davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-11-25
Khrushchev Defers.
Finn Military Talks
Reds Yield
To Pleas of
Kekkonen

MOSCOW. Nov. Is (AP).-
The Soviet Union has acceded
to Finnish President Urho Kek-
konen's request to postpone
military talks which the Rus
slams had suggested to deal
with what the Kremlin called
a war danger in the Baltic.
The Soviet government has
found it possible to put off, for
the time being, the military
consultations with Finland it
had suggested" the news
agency Tass reported today.
Mr.. Kekkonen returned to
Moscow today after a confer
ence with Soviet Premier Khru-
shchev in the Siberian city of
Novosibirsk.
The Finnish President had.
rushed to the Soviet Union to
see Mr.. Khrushchev after Mos
COW proposed the military talks
october 30.
A Finnish official said Mr..
Kekkonen told Mr.. Khrushchev
at their meeting yesterday
that such consultations would
provide greater tension in the
Baltic at this time.
Will Watch Situation
Mr.. Kekkonen agreed, at Mr..
Khr'ushchev's request, to keep
a watchful eye on developments
in the Baltic with a view to
joint consultations with the
Russians at any alarming de-
velopment.
The Russians in their note
to the Firms said there was
danger that war would develop
from West Germany's rearm-
ing, and consultations were re-
quired under the friendship
and mutual assistance treaty
negotiated in l948.
The agreement to postpone
consultations was reached after
long talks in a forest cabin out
side Novosibirsk where Mr..
Khrushchev is on a visit to try
to speed up agricultural pro-
duction in the Siberian region.
Mr.. KhruShchev declared in
a speech at lunch there that
he was concerned about right
wing developments in Finland
which appeared to lead in the
direction of a greater separa-
ton of that country from the
close friendship it has had with
the Soviet Union in recent
years.
Lost Two Wars in 1940se
The Soviet Premier did not
outline the history of the case,
but the friendship developed
after Finland lost two wars
during the 1940s and appar-
emily came to a national de-
cision that further conflict
with the Russians was out of
the question.
A first reflection of the de-
cision came in an announce
ment carried by Tass from
Helsinki today that o. Honka,
right-wing candidate for the
Finnish presidency had decided
he would not run in the
February election.
A communique has been pre-
pared in which Premier Khru-
shchev reStates the views out
lined in the note of October
80. In that note the Soviet
government said that "a large
regular army, the Bundeswehr,
has already been revived in
the Federal Republic of
Germany"
Then it continued:
This army is being equipped
with up to date weapons. Just
as in the dismal period of the
Nazi regime the industrial en-
terprises and scientific techni-
cal centerS, millions of workers
are subordinated to the single
task in the Federal Republic of
Germany - the satisfaction of
the growing military require
ments of the Bundeswehr."
Military negotiations were re-
quested in the note. 1t was
these which Mr.. Khrushchev
to postpone.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-11-25
Virginia Redistrictinq
Would Aid City Areas
AlIocuted Majority of Senate Seats;
Rurul Sections Retuin House Control
BY JOHN BARRON
Star Staff Writer

The Virginia Redstricting Commission today proposed
changes which, for the first time would allocate majority
of the State Senate seats to predominantly metropolitan
areas.
Rural districts would retain their traditional control of
the House of Delegates but only by few votes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-11-25
STOCKS
IN THE SPOTLIGHT

NEW YORK CAP). Following are the
sales tadd 0o). high, low, closing price
and net change Of the 20 most active
stocks for the week:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-11-25
By ROBERT C. GRUENBERG
Star staff Writer

Star staff Writer
The Maryland attorney gen.
erals office is looking into the
receivership action of the
Mutual Security Savings and
Loan Association.
The savings and loan firm,
which has approximately 1000
shareholders who put some So
million into it, was placed in
receivership yesterday by
Montgomery County Circuit
Court Judge Thomas M. An
derSon, after officers Of the
association agreed to the ac-
ton.
The receivership order came
after the filing of a petition
seeking receivership by three
creditors and a shareholder.
One of the creditors is James
Douglas Bailey, who operates
the Doug Bailey Advertising
Agency, 142 Congressional lane,
Rockville, who said he is due
$10,589.
Acting Executive
An account executive for the
firm, E. Russell Bradley, has
been acting as vice president
of Mutual Security since Octo-
Der II.
Another creditor, Bill R.
Hunter Associates of zoos
Branch avenue Sc, a public
relations agency, claimed debts
of $740.80. The third, Ralph
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-11-25
TILE NIEATuEb. Full Report
I'LL "EHfI on Poee Al

District and vicinity - Clear and colder
tonight, low of IS in city and IS in out
lying suburbs. Tomorrow fair and becom-
ing warmer. High and low of last "a hours:
High, 81, at IL am. today; low, 40, at $50
am. today.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-08-04

TtoU or me economic WoFlO IUat
was most widely accepted at that
time and very largely carried ovt
in practice was a natUralistic
that denied any relation between
economic activity and morality. W
was alleged that the only motive
Of economic action was personal
profit. The supreme rule resulaf-
ing the relations between economic
agents was free competition with
OUT limit.
Interest on capital, prices of
goods and services, profits and
wages, we're determined purely
mechanically by the laws of the
market. The state, it was held,
should refrain from all interven-
ton in the economic field. Trade
unions, according to the conditions
of the different countries, were
either forbidden, tolerated or con-
sidered to have legal personality
in private law.
In an economic world thus con
stituted, the law of the strongest
was fully justified on theoretical
grounds, and in practice governed
the concrete relations between
men. There thus resulted an eco
nomic order that was radically de-
ranged.
WHILE enormous riches accumu-
lated in the hands of a few, the
working classes found themselves
in conditions of increasing hard
ship. Wages were insufficient or at
starvation level, conditions of
work we're oppressive and without
respect for physical health, moral
behavior and religious faith. Espe-
cially inhuman we're the working
conditions to which children and
women we're subjected. The spec
ter of unemployment vas eVer
present and the family was expos
ed 10 a process of disintegration.
Hence, there was widespread dis
satisfaction among the working
classes, among whom a spirit of
protest and revolt permeated and
grew stronger. All these things ex-
plain why among these classes eX-
tremist theories that propOunded
remedies worse than the evil to be
cured, found widespread favor.
The Way of Reconstruction
In such difficult times, it was
for Leo XIII 20 proclaim his social
message based on the very nature
of man and animated by the prin-
ciDles and spirit of the Gospel. Ii
was a message that on its very
appearance, in spite of some un-
derstandable opposition, aroused
widespread admiration and en-
thusiasm.
This was certainly not the first
time that the Apostolic See de-
scended into the arena of earthly
interest in defense Of the needy.
Other documents of Leo XIII had
previously marked out the path.
But here was formulated an organ
ic synthesis of principles joined
to such a wide historical perspec-
tive that the encyclical "Rerum
Novarum' became a summary of
Catholicism in the economic-Social
field.
THIS ACTION was not without
hazard, because while some alleged
that the Church, face TO face with
the social question, should confine,
herself to preaching resignation TO
the poor and to exhorting the rich
to generosity, Leo XIII did not hes
itate TO proclaim and defend the
legitimate rights of the worker.
AT the outset of his exposition
of Catholic teaching OH social mat
ters, he solemnly declared: I'VE
approach the subject with conf
dence and in the exercise Of the
rights which belong to Us. For no
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-08-04

Supreme POntlff afflrmS that pTi-
vate ownership of material goods
is also considered as being linked
with "the existence and develop
ment" of the family, that is to
say with an apt means Ito secur
for the father of a family the heal
thy liberty he needs in order to
fulfill the duties assigned him by
the Creator regarding the physi-
cal, spiritual and religious welfare
OF the family"
In this also is included the right
TO emisrate. On this point Our
predecessor observes that when
the states, both those that permit
emigration and those that accept
immigrants try TO eliminate "as
far as possible all obstacles TO the
birth and growth of real conf
denee" among themselves. mutual
advantages result. and together
they contribute to the we'll being
of mankind and the progress of
culture.
The situation, already changed
during the period mentioned by
Plus XII, has undergone in these
two decades profound transforma-
tons both in the internal struc-
ture of each political community
and in their mutual relations.
In the field of science, technOlo-
gy and economics; the discovery
of nuclear energy, its application
first to the purposes of war and
later its increasing employment for
peaceful ends; the unlimited posi-
bilities opened up by chemistry in
synthetic products; the growth of
aut0mation in the sectors of indus
try and services; the moderniza-
ton of the agricultural sector; the
virtual disappearance of distances
through communication effected
especially by radio and television;
the increased speed in transporta-
ton; the initial conquests of inter
planetary space.
IN THE social field: the develop
ment of systems for social insur-
ance and, in some more economi-
cally advanced political communi-
ties the introduction of social Sc
curity systems; in labor movements
the formation of, and the inereas-
ed Importance attached to, a more
responsible attitude toward the
greater socio-economic problems; a
progressive improvement of basic
education; an ever wider distribu-
ton of welfare; an increased social
mobility and the resulting decline
in the divisions among the class
es; the interest in world events
on the part of those with an av-
erage education.
Furthermore, the increased eff
ficiency of economic systems in a
growing number of political COM
munities helps to underscore the
lack of economic-social balance be-
tween the agricultural sector on
the one hand and the sector of in
dustry and services on the other;
between economically developed
and less developed areas within
the individual political communi-
ties; and on a worldwide plane, the
even more pronounced socio-eco-
nomic inequality existing between
economically advanced countries
and those in the process of de-
yelOpment.
In the political field: the par
titcipation in public life in many
political communities OF an in
creasing number of citizens COM
ing from diverse social strata; a
more extensive and deeper activity
Of public authorities in the eco
nomic and social field.
To these must also be added, on
the international level, the end of
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-08-04

T0nlty 10 make more precise some
points of that teaching on which,
even among Catholics, some doubts
had arisen, and to reformulate
Christian social thought in re-
Spouse to the changed conditions
of the times.
The doubts that had thus arisen
concerned particularly private
property. the wage system and the
attitude of Catholics towards a
type of moderate socialism.
Concerning private prop erty,
Our predecessor reaffirms its ma
tural law character and emphasiz-
es its social aspect with its cor
responding function.
Turning to the wage system, he
rejects the view that would declare
it unjust by its very nature. But,
at the same time, he condemns the
inhuman and unjust forms under
which it is often found. He repeats
and e%nlarges upon the criteria to
be used and the conditions to be
satisfied if the wage system is not
to violate justice or equity.
ON THIS point, Our predecessor
clearly points out that, in the pres
ent circumstances, il is advisable
that the contract of work be modi-
fled by elements taken from the
contract of partnership, in such a
way that "the wage are
made sharers in some sort in the
ownership, or the management, or
the profits"
OF the greatest doctrinal and
practical importance is his affirma-
ton that eff the social and indi-
vidual character of labor be over
looked, it can be neither equitably
appraised nor properly econ
pensed according to strict justice"
Hence, the Pope declares that
in determining wages justice re-
quires that, in addition to the
needs of individual workers and
their family responsibilities, one
should consider both the condi-
tons in the productive organiza-
tons in which the workers carry
on their labor and the demands of
"the public economic good"
He emphasizes that the opposi-
ton between onT u n S m q n d
Christianity is fundamental. and
makes IL clear that Catholics are
in no way permitted TO be support
ers of moderate socialism because
its concept Of life is bounded by
time. inasmUch as IL places IFS sU-
preme objective in the welfare Of
society, and because it either pro-
poses a form of social structure
that aims solely at production.
thus causing grave loss TO human
liberty, or lacks every principle of
true social authority.
Plus XI was not unaware that, in
the 40 years that had passed since
the appearance of the Leonine en-
cyclical, historical conditions had
profoundly altered. In fact, free
competition, due TO its own intrin-
sic tendencies, had ended by al
most destroying itself. 1t had caus-
ed a great accumulation of wealth
and a corresponding concentration
of economic power in the hands of
a few who "are frequently not the
owners, but only the trustees and
directors of invested funds, who
administer them at their good
pleasures"
Therefore, as the Pope discern
ingly notes: Free competition is
dead; economic dictatorship has
taken its place. Unbridled ambi-
ton for domination was succeeded
by the desire for gain; the whole
economic life had become hard,
cruel, and relentless in a CHASTITY
ms asure," thus Subjecting the pub
lie authority TO the interests of
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-08-04

VFfG0ttI W hvGftttVV0s 1tFG 81 va Y
Enumeration cannot be left to the
mechanical play Of market forces.
Instead, il should be determined
by justice and equity, which other
wise would be profoundly, harmed
even if the contract of work should
have been freely entered into by
both parties. Private property, in
Guiding that of productive goods,
is a natural right which the state
cannot suppress. Embedded within
it is a social function, and it is,
thus, a right that is exercised for
ones personal benefit and for the
good of others.
The state, the reason for whose
existence is the realization of the
common good in the temporal or
der, cannot keep aloof from the
economic world. II should be pres
ent to promote in a suitable man.
ner the production of a sufficient
supply of material goods, the use
of which is necessary for the prac-
tice of virtue" and to watch over
the rights of all citizens, especially
of the weaker, such as workers.,
women and children. II is also its
ineluctable task to contribute ac-
lively to the betterment of the con-
dition of life of the workers.
Condition Of Life of the
Workers
1t is further the duty Of the state
TO see to it that work relations are
regulated according to justice and
equity and that in the environ
ment of work the dignity of the
human being is not violated in
body or spirit. On this point atten-
ton is drawn to the guiding lines
of the Leonine encyclical on which
the social legislation of modern ma
tions has been patterned and
which, as Plus XII already noted in
the encyclical "Quadragesimo An
no." have contributed efficaciously
TO the rise and development of a
new and most desirable branch of
Jurisprudence, namely labor law.
In the encyclical the right of the
workers alone, or of groups made
up of workers and owners, to as
sOciate is declared TO be natural,
as are also the right to adopt that
organizational structure which the
workers consider most suitable to
attain their legitimate economic
professional interests, and the
right to act ANONYMOUSLY and by
personal initiative within the as
sociations for the achievement of
these ends.
WORKERS and employers should
regulate their mutual relations un-
der the inspiration of the principle
of human solidarity and Christian
brotherhood, because both compe-
tition in the liberal sense and the
class struggle in the Marxist sense
are contrary to nature and the
Christian conception of life. These,
venerable brethren, are the funda-
mental principles on which a heal
thy economic-social order can be
built.
1t is not surprising, therefore,
that the more ably endowed Cath
olics, responsive to the appeals of
the encyclical, began many activi-
ties in order TO translate these
principles into reality. Indeed, un-
der the impulse of objective needs
of a similar nature, men of good
will from all the nations of the
earth were also moved to act in a
similar manner. For these reasons,
the encyclical was rightly acknowl-
edged as the Magma Charta of the
economic-social reconstruction of
the modern era.
The EuevclieaI
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-08-04
The EncyclicaI
'Cvadragesimo Ammo"

Plus XI, Our predecessor of holy
memory, after a lapse of 40 years,
commemorated the encyclical Re
rum Novarum" with another sol
emn document, the encyclical
"Quadragesimo Ammo"
In it the Supreme Pontiff con-
firmed the right and duty of the
Church to make its ir~replacable
contribution to the correct solu-
ton of the pressing and grave
problems that beset the human
family. He confirms the funda-
mental principles and the historic
directives of the Leonine encycli-
cal. In addition, he took the oppor-
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-08-04

$3.50 80
ternational juridical order with a
complex of public and private
permanent institutions inspired by
social justice, to which the eco
nomic sector should be conformed,
thus making it less difficult for
economic agents to carry out their
tasks in conformity with the de-
mands of justice and within the
framework of the common good.
Radio Message Of
Penseeost, 1941
In defining and developing the
Christian social doctrine great
contributions have been made by
Pope Plus XII. Our predecessor of
venerable memory, who on the
feast of P%entecost, June /, 1941,
broadcast a message lin order to
call to the attention of the Cath
Ollie world a memory worthy of be-
ing written in letters of gold on
the calendar of the Church: the
50th anniversary of the publica-
ton of the epoch-making social en-
cyclical of Leo XIII, 'Rerum No
varum'" and ito render to AL
mighty God from the bottom of
Our heart Our humble thanks for
the gift which =. He bestowed on
the Church in that encyclical of
His vicar on earth and to praise
Him for the lifegiving breath of
the spirit which through it, in ev-
er growing measure from that time
on has blown on all mankind"
In the radio message the great
Pontiff claims for the Church 1.-The
indisputable competence" to de
eide whether the bases of a given
social system are in accord with
the Interchangeable order which
God Our Creator and Redeemer
has shown us through the natural
law and revelation"
He confirms the perennial vi
tally and inexhaustible rightness
of the teaching of the encyclical
"Rerum Novarum." He takes the
occasion Ito give some further di-
receive moral principles on three
fundamental values of social and
economic life. These three funda-
mental values, which are closely
connected M with the other, mu-
tually complementary and depend
ent, are: The use of material goods,
labor and the family"
Concerning the use Of material
goods, Our predecessor declares
that the right of every man to
use them for his own sustenance
is prior to every other right of
economic import and so is prior
to the right to property.
UNDOUBTEDLY, adds Our pred
ecessor, the right to property in
material goods is also a natural
right. Nevertheless, in the cbjec-
tive order established by God, the
right to property should be. so ar
ranged that it is not an obstacle to
the satisfaction of "the u%nquestion-
able need that the goods, which
created by God are for all
men should flow equally to all, ac-
cording to the principles of justice
and charity"
Taking up a point that occurs
in the Leonine encyclical, Plus
XII declares that work is at one
and the same time a duty and a
right of every human being. Con-
sequently, it is for men in the first
place to regulate their mutual re-
lations of work. Only in the event
that the interested parties do not
or cannot fulfill their functions,
does "it fall back on the state to
intervene in the field of labor and
in the division and distribution of
work according to the form and
measure that the common good
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-08-04

scale even in economic matters
among the nations.
The fundamental points that
characterize the mastery encycli-
cal of Plus XI can be reduced to
two.
The first is that one cannot take
as the supreme criteria of eco
n0mic activities and institutions
the interest of individuals or of
groups, nor free competition nor
economic power, nor the prestige
of power of the nation, nor other
similar criteria.
instead. the supreme eriteris Of
such activities and institutions are
Justice and social charity.
The second is that men should
strive to achieve a national and in
ternational juridical order with a
complex of public and private
permanent institutions inspired by
social justice, to which the eco
nomic sector should be conformed,
thus making it less difficult for
economic agents to carry out their
tasks in conformity with the de-
mands of justice and within the
framework of the common good.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-08-04
Reasons for the New
EncycIical

Therefore We feel ii Our duty
TO keep alive the torch lighted by
Our great predecessors and to ex-
hort all to draw from it inspira-
ton and orientation in the search