davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-05-14
Shadow Cabinet

Former President Eisenhower is
embarking on a new but interesting,
course in American politics in drawing
together cabinet officers and others
associated with him during two admin
istrationS for continuing review of
governmental problems and policies.
Both the nature of the times and the
high esteem in which General Eisen-
hover is held by the American people
warrant particular attention for this
experiment. And the fact that General
Eisenhower at no time during his
eight years in the White House was
considered truly professional politi-
clan and was, indeed, often charged
with neglecting the mechanics of party
leadership lends added interest to this
precedent.
AS an innovation, it is comparable,
though different in one basic respect,
to the British shadow cabinet" system
in which the party out of power
deSignates an elite group of opposite
numbers to those holding the top posts
in government. Normally, with a
change in party control of government
these shadow cabinet members move
into the offices they have been moni-
toring individually. This will not occur,
of course, in the case of the Eisenhower
group although Republican preSi-
dent-elect in 1865 or some subsequent
year may draw upon this reservoir Of
experienced personnel.
At the moment, General Eisenhower
explained, his group will engage itself
in continuing examination of both
domestic and foreign affairs and the
steps which the Kennedy administration
takes in each field. Informally, at
least, the views Of the group or of
individuals in it will be made known
to the country. On foreign problems,
the former President emphasized that
there will be no criticism for partisan
reasons although the possibility of
questioning administration decisions
was expressly stated. That even this
will be exercised with the greatest care
was implied in General Eisenhower'S
remark that I'VE are in a series of
crises; 1t is not the time for divisive
NOASCo W DC ACoAO III IAIC COuLILy'
On domestic matters, however,
there was a clear promise of outspoken
criticism-beginning with a flat I'VE
don't like it" directed at the admin
istration's pending farm program. The
fact that former Treasury and Budget
Bureau officials - including Treasury
Secretary George M. Humphrey and
Budget Director Maurice StanS-were
present at the Gettysburg meeting
indicates that Kennedy fiscal policies
will be high priority subject for
review and comment.
In the long run, the effectiveness
Of this experiment will depend in large
part on avoiding narrowly partisan
bias. Under General Eisenhower, there
is reason to believe this will be the
case and to expect that useful and
constructive commentary will emerge
from the group.
Evening star., 1961-05-14

mansions, planted vineyards,
laid out gardens and parks.
bought slaves, l had large
herds and flockS, larger than
any before me in Jerusalem.
I amasSed silver and golG, I
secured singers and many a
mistress - mans delig hit.
Richer and richer I grew. I
refused my heart no joy, but
when I turned to look at all
l had achieved by my toll
and trouble. then it was all
vain and futile" There it is,
put down for the ages to see
in this ancient document,
the common experience of
those who selfishly pursue
the bird that is blue.
The great Galilean, who
as no other knew what is in
man. and who taught with
a borrowed coin, from a
borrowed boat, declared by
precept and parable that
from a life of boredom, Gym
icism, jealousy and covetous-
ness, there is only one way
out. He is saying for the
centuries to hear, in death
less sentences. how the blue
bird can be found. In what
we call the Beatitudes, each
beginning with Blessed
happy is the mamie finds
that happiness is the reward
not of those who have some
thing. but of those who are
something. It is as if he is
declaring the exit to that for
which you yearn is to join
your life to the needs of
others. You must stop storing
and start pouring.
In spite of the fact that
Bernard Shaw declared that
he was no more Christian
than Pontius PLATE, he had
his eye on the Beatitudes
when he wrote: This is the
true Joy of life: The being
used for a purpose recognized
by yourself as a weighty one,
the being a force of nature,
instead of a feveriSh little
clod Of ailments and griev-
ances. complaining that the
world will not devote itself
to making you happy"
The poet, Edwin Markham,
tells us of a seeker after
wealth who was told that
could he but wear the shoes
of a supremely happy man,
any wish he had would be
granted. And so the search
began. He sent out his Vizier
on the quest. But each time
when dealing with one whose
happiness seemed complete
there was discovered a fly
in the ointment of bliss. At
last, reclining in a sunny
field. was found a man the
wanderer had long sought.
This mans cup Of happiness
seemed full, his whole being
in tune with the infinite
vibrated like a golden harp
to the enhancing beauty of
the world. You are the
man!"-cried the seeker for
riches
I beeseech you, lend me your
shoeSl
Quick. and all fortunes are
yours to choose.
"YeS. mighty Vizier-but /
hdUe no shoes"
Evening star., 1961-05-14
'Riqht to Be Wrono'

I'll wager that, almost to
a man, the most ardent sup
porters Of the forced re-
opening of the Prince Edward
County public schools also
support home rule" for the
District Of Columbia. I point
this out because it shows q
basic lack of the true spirit
Of home rule. Virginia, too.
has a desire for home rule,
as is guaranteed to each State
Evening star., 1961-05-14
LETTERS TO THE STAR
Pen names may be used II

Pen names may be used II
letters carry WrtterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
tiers are subject to condensd-
tton. Those not used iUill be
returned only iDhsn accom-
painted BY self - addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-05-14

by the Constitution. The
many guarantees of States
rights are one Of our essen
tial bulwarks against tyranny.
II liberty is really to flour
ish, it must include the
right to be wrong" Otherwise
the only permissible political
activity is doing what the
supreme political power
wants to be done. Let's not do
anything that will lead to
government by commissar in
stead Of local self-govern-
ment.
william c. Banning
Evening star., 1961-05-14
SPIRES OF THE SPIRIT
A Bird That Is Blue
By DIR. FREDERICK BROWN HARRIS
Chaplain Of the United States Senate

of birds that are black-dark
in color and dark in dispo-
sition, the v1lture and the
raven. Today we are to gaze
at a bird that is blue, the
emblem of joy-bells ringing
in the heart even amid all
life's changing scenes.
So many radiant things are
bluel
Skies of fragile turquoise
tint:
Thin curling smoke; q
SeGDdrd UieD;
The eyes OF laughing girls
that hint
OF sudden stars, or sun
drenched de1U.
So many dear. delightful
things
Forget-me-notS, and uiolets,
too;
A birds crisp and curuino
tDin1S.
! think the souls oDn hidden
hue
Must be some lovely shade
of blue.
No wonder in common
parlance. and across all the
wide fields of literature, by
common consent the symbol
Of happiness is a "bluebird's
crisp and curving wings" But
it must be set down at once
that the bluebird of happi-
ness is a very illusive creature.
To be sure the American
Declaration of Independence
declares that all men have
the right to the pursuit of
happiness. However, even
that mortal document
could not guarantee that the
pursuer would ever capture
the dazzling bird. The old
childhod formula for catch
ing any bird was to put salt
on its tail. That sounded fair
enough and easy. Salt was
always available and there
were as many feathered tails
as birds; but how to get the
two together-that proved to
be the question.
So far as the bluebird of
happiness is concerned so
many people, with the salt
Of desire and expectation in
their hands. look for the bird
that is blue in the wrong
places. These deluded ones
are, as Edgar Guest puts it,
Forever seeking happiness
and always finding some
thing less" 1t is that dis
appointing something less"
which is the dismal penalty
paid by those who miss find
ing the shining pinions and
who never know the thrill
Of the durable Satisfactions
which are the bliss of
existence.
The Declaration of Inde-
pendence to the contrary
Notwithstanding, deliberate
pursuit is never the way to
find true happiness. Happi-
ness is a bluebird which,
when pursued. is always just
beyond ones grasp but which
If one will sit down quietly
may alight on the shoulder.
Happiness In this world"
declares Hawthorne, when
1t comes, comes incidentally.
Make it the object of pursuit
and it leads us on a wild
goose chase and is never
attained"
The hoped-for happiness
for which men so often seek
in vain in the pursuit of
power. fame, or material pos
sessions Is shown for all time
to be the empty thing it is in
the significant confession of
the unknown author of Ec-
clesiasteS. who at the end of
a wide-ranging quest found
naught but ashes. His plain
tive autobiography might be
called THE futile search for
the Bluebird." Here it is: II
went in for great works, built
Evening star., 1961-05-14
Death of q Hawk

III reply 10 DIM n. IcLIcE
In the May 6 edition of The
Star entitled Death Of q
Hawk" I would like to pro-
test that a number Of un-
warranted and untrue con-
clusionS were drawn relative
both to my son and Scouting.
Since 1t will undoubtedly
make B.M.H. and other wild
life fanciers in the area feel
better about the incident to
know what actually happen
ed, I should like to submit
the. following account.
To begin with, these boys
were not turned loose in
the park with no supervision"
I, as Den Mother, had accom-
panied the group to the park
on a nature hike. I have been
a Den Mother for five years,
was brought up as a Scout in
this city myself, am a mem
ber Of a prominent national
conservation group, have been
q lifelong outdoor enthusiast
and of late a confirmed bird
watcher" I therefore resent
the implication that I am too
"unversed in the knowledge
Of wildlife" to lead a group
Of this kind.
In the second place, the
hawk was not "clubbed to
DEATH" 1t plummeted out Of
nowhere right on top Of my
son. who instinctively held
UP a stick to ward it off. The
hawk locked its talons on the
stick and the boy pinned it
to the ground, reluctant to
let 1t go for fear he would
be struck with the failing
talons, which were razor
sharp. Although there may
be many conceivable expla-
nations for why the hawk
came down just then, one
could hardly expect a child
to consider them all in a split
second and decide on the
most proper course Of action.
At any rate, he made no ef-
fort to club it to death but
merely to hold 1t there. When
I came up, I sent the boys
back and cautiously released
the bird. 1t was obvious. how
ever that it could neither
stand nor fly. There were no
signs Of a broken wing or leg
nor any external marks of
any kind. We surmised he
may have eaten a poisoned
rat or mouse and had drop
ped to earth in his sickness.
Since it seemed cruel to
leave 1t failing there on the
ground-easy prey for MAUI
rauding cats and dogs-we
decided to bring it back with
us. Following the instruc-
tions in our book on First Aid
to Birds, we carefully re-
strained its wings with vines
so they wouldn't be broken
by the birds floundering
about. On arriving home, we
tried once more to release
the hawk, but it was still
unable to navigate. We were
in the process Of calling the
Zoo to see If they would take
1t or tell us how to care for
it when it died. My son was
quite disappointed that we
couldn't save it, and the big
smile in the picture was due
to his fathers promise to
have it mounted rather than
elation at having "clubbed
to death" a bird.
Since my son is an avid
"ornithologist" with a large
collection Of carefully-exe-
cuted sketches Of birds of the
area and a great deal Of
knowledge about them, he
has been quite upset by an
onymous letters in the mail
and Letters to the Editor"
accusing him Of wantonly
clubbing birds to death for
the fun Of 1t. Both he and the
other Scouts in my Den have
spent many hours making
and putting out birdhouses
and feeders in this neighbor-
hood, and I feel that the ac-
cusations made against us
by B.M.H. were entirely un-
justified.
Margaret M. Bradford
Evening star., 1961-05-14
'Bioscopes'

I do not agree with a re-
cent Star filler" declaring
that South Africa Is the only
country in the world where
movies are called bioscopes.
The same name is used to
denote movies in the Neither
lands. from which country
the name probably was ex-
ported to South Africa.
Anthony SaS
Evening star., 1961-05-14
FROM THE STAR FILES.

80 A dollar per week, pru&
IDENTIFY invested, will tend
greatly to the preservation
of health and increase the
comfort of the men.
Evening star., 1961-05-14
Money and Space

william A. MOtle
Evening star., 1961-09-25
Asks u. N. to Boost
Economic Assistance

But the mysteries of outer
space must not divert our eyes
or our energies from the harsh
realities that face our own fell
lowmen. Political sovereignty
is but mockery without the
means to meet poverty, litter
acy and disease. Self-determi-
nation is but a slogan if the
future holds no hope.
That is why my nation -
which has freely shared its
capital and its technology to
help others help themselves
now proposes officially desig-
mating this decade of the 1960s
as the U. N. Decade of Develop
ment. Under the framework of
that resolution, the U. MS exist
ing efforts in promoting eco
nomic growth can be expand
ed and co-ordinated. Regional
surveys and training institutes
can pool the talents of many.
New research, technical as
sistance and pilot projects can
unlock the wealth of less de-
veloped lands and untapped
waters. And development can
become a cooperative, not COM
petitive, enterprise-to enable
all nations, however diverse in
their systems and beliefs, to be-
come in fact as well as law both
free and equal states.
Evening star., 1961-09-25
Peoee-Keeping Units
For u. N. Use Urqed

To destroy arms, however, is
not enough. We must create
even as we destroy-creating
worldwide law and law en-
forcement as we outlaw world
wide war and weapons. In the
world we seek, United Nations
emergency forces which have
been hastily assembled, uncer-
tainly supplied and made
quately financed will never be
enough.
Therefore, the United States
recommends that all member
nations earmark special peace
keeping units in their armed
forces-to be on call to the
United Nations-to be specially
trained and quickly available
and with advance provision for
financial and logiStic support.
In addition, the American
delegation will suggest a series
of steps to improve the United
Nations machinery for the
peaceful settlement of disputes
for on-the-spot fact-finding,
mediation and adjudication
for extending the rule of inter-
national law. For peace is not
solely a military or technical
problem-it is primarily a
problem of politics and people
And unless man can match
his strides in weaponry and
technology with equal strides
in social and political develop
ment, our great strength, like
that of the dinosaur, will be-
come incapable of proper con-
trol-and man, like the dino
saur, will decline and diSap-
pear,
Evening star., 1961-09-25
Urges Rule of Law
For Outer Space

AS we extend tine rule of law
on earth, so must we also ex-
tend it to mans new domain:
Outer space.
All of us salute the brave
cosmonauts Of the Soviet
Union. The new horizons of
outer space must rot be riven
by the old bitter concepts of
imperialism and sovereign
claims. The cold reaches of
universe must not become the
new arena Of an even colder
war.
To this end, we shall urge
proposals extending the United
Nations Charter to the limits
of mans exploration in the
universe, reserving outer space
for peaceful use, prohibiting
weapons of mass destruction in
space or on celestial bodies,
and opening the mysteries and
benefits of space to every ma
tion. We shall further propose
cooperative efforts in weather
prediction and eventually
weather control, We shall pro-
pose, finally, a llobal system
Evening star., 1961-09-25
Rites Here Honor
Hammurskiold

High ranking diplomats and
United States officials at
tended memorial services at
Washington Cathedral yester-
day for Dag HammarSkjold,
former United Nations secre-
tary general.
Acolytes carried the United
Nations flag along with the
United States flag to the altar,
where the Very Rev. Francis
B. Sayre, jr., dean of the
cathedral, recited holy litany
for Mr.. HammarSkjold.
Approximately 1900 persons
attended the services.
In New York, the Associated
Press reported that Henry
Cabot Lodge, former United
States Ambassador at the
United Nations, told 1000 per-
sons in the Cathedral of st.
John the Divine that Mr.. Ham
marskjold would not die in
human memory "aS long as
quality and excellent and self
sacrifice are respected"
Delegates from SO United
Nations members attended the
services, including Secretary of
State Dean Rusk and Mongi
Slim of Tunesia, the United
Nations General Assembly
president.
Mr.. Hammarskjold died last
week in a plane crash in
Northern Rhodesia while on a
United Nations peace mission.
Evening star., 1961-09-25
Fovors u. N. Debate
On CoIonioHsm

My country favors a world of
free and equal states. We agree
with those who say that COLO
nialism is a key issue in this
Assembly. But let the full facts
of that issue be discussed in full.
On the one hand is the fact
that, since the close of World
War II, a worldwide declara-
ton of independence has trans
formed nearly l billion people
and 9 million square miles into
AZ free and independent states.
Less than 2 per cent Of the
worlds population now lives in
dependent" territories.
I do not ignore the remaining
problems of traditional colo
nialism which still confront this
body. Those problems will be
solved, with patience, goodwill
and determination. Within the
limits of our responsibility in
such matters, my country in
tends to be a participant, not
merely an server, in the
peaceful, expeditions movement
of nations from the status of
colonies to the partnership of
equals. That continuing tide of
self determination has our
sympathy and our support.
But colonialism in its harsh
est forms is not only the eX-
ploitation of new nations by
old, of dark sins by light -
or the subjugation of the poor
by the rich. My nation was
once a colony-and we know
what colonialism means; the
exploitation and Subjugation
of the weak by the powerful
of the many by the few, OF
the governed who have given
no consent to be governed
whatever their continent, class
or color.
And that is why there is
no ignoring the fact that the
tide of Self-determination has
not yet reached the Communist
empire where a population fal
larger than that officially
termed dependent" lives un-
der government installed by
| foreign troops instead of free
institutions-under a system
which knows only one party
and one belief - which sup
presses free debate, free elec'
tions, free newspapers, books
and trade unions-and which
builds a wall to keep truth
a stranger and its own citi-
zenS prisoners. Let us debate
colonialiSm in full-and apply
the principle of free choice and
the practice of free plebiscite.
in every mart of the p1ohe
Evening star., 1961-09-25
Sees Peaceful
Agreement Possible

But we believe a peaceful
agreement is possible which
protects the freedom of West
Berlin and allied presence and
access, while recognizing the
historic and legitimate interests
of others in assuring European
security.
The possibilities of negotia-
ton are now being explored; it
is too early to report what the
prospects may be. For our part,
We will be glad to report at the
appropriate time that a Solu-
ton has been found. For there
is no need for a crisis over Ber-
lin-and if those who created
this crisis desire peace, there
will always be peace in Berlin.
The events and decisions of
the next 10 months may we'll
decide the fate of man of the
next 10000 years. There will
be no avoiding those events.
There will be no appeal from
those decisions. And we shall
be remembered either as the
generation that turned this
planet into a flaming pyre or
the generation that met its vow
Ito save succeeding generations
from the scourge of war"
In the endeavor to meet that
VOW, 1 pledge you every effort
this Nation possesses. I pledge
you that we shall neither COM
nit nor provoke aggression
that we shall neither flee nor
invoke the threat of force-that
we shall never negotiate out of
fear and never fear to negotiate.
Evening star., 1961-09-25
BY the Associated Press

Attorney General Robert F.
Kennedy says there is no
question" that President Ken
nedy is prepared to use nuclear
weapons to maintain the allies
position in Berlin.
Appearing on the NBC Meet
the Press" television interview
program yesterday, the Attor-
ney General said:
The President and the free
world are willing to use nu-
clear weapons to preserve our
position in Berlin, to insure
that the people of Berlin re-
main free and that we have
access to that city"
The Attorney Generals re-
marks were partly in response
to questions based on a Sen
ate speech Thursday by Sem
ator Margaret Chase Smith,
Republican of Maine. Mrs.
Smith criticized President Ken
nedy's efforts to build up con-
ventional military strength.
1--WE have practically told Mr.
Khrushchev, she said, I'VE do
not have the will to use that
one power Cnuclear) with
which we can stop him"
The Attorney General said
the administration, beside boil
stering conventional forces, has
spent So billion extra on nu-
clear weapons. He said Presi-
dent Kennedy doesn't want
the decision to be one of sur
render or the use of nucleSr
weapons" The Attorney Cen
eral added:
He wants to be able to have
even possibility of a third al
tentative, to at least explore a
possibility and maybe it is 60
ing to come to that, but at
least if we have conventional
forces as we'll as nuclear forces,
maybe in the last moment, in
the last analysis, we are going
to be able to preserve peace" "
Evening star., 1961-09-25
Tools for Accord
Found in Charter

The' elementary fact about
this crisis is that it is unneces-
Sary. The elementary tools for
a peaceful settlement are found
in the charter. Under its law,
agreements are to be kept,
unless changed by all those who
made them. Established rights
are to be respected. The politi-
cal disposition of peoples should
rest upon their wishes, freely
expressed in plebiScites or free
elections. If there are legal
problems, they can be solved by
legal means. If there is a threat
of force, it must be rejected.
If there is desire for change, it
must be subject to negotiation.
And if there is negotiation, it
must be rooted in mutual re-
spect and concern for the rights
of others.
The Western powers have
calmly resolved to defend, by
whatever means are forced
upon them, their obligations
and their access to the free
citizens of West Berlin and the
determination of those cit
liens. This generation has
learned from bitter experience
that either brandishing or
yielding to threats can only
lead to war. But firmness and
reason can lead to the kind
of peaceful solution in which
my country profoundly believes
We are committed to no rigid
formula. We see no perfect So
luton. We recognize that troops
and tanks can, for a time, keep
a nation divided against its
will, however unwise that policy
may be.