davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-07-31
RALPH McGHL
Sir Abubokor of Nigeria Wins Praise;
Governing of IS Million is Vast Task

The Hon. Alhaji Sir
Abuhakar Tafawa Balewa,
K.B.E., Prime Minister of
Nigeria, has paid a visit to
this country.
Africa is far away, and
little known. Its emerging
nations are vastly varied in
culture and background.
Neither their national names
nor the identities of their
leaders are familiar to us.
And this is great pity since
what the latter think, and do,
will have . not inconsiderable
effect on our lives and
pocketbooks.
Because Of the violence and
political instability, q great
many unthinking persons, too
lazy or busy to inform them
selves, have, in . sense,
Tubber-stamped all Africa
with the word Congo" It
is not wise to accept error.
Prime Minister Alhaji
Abubakar heads a coalition
government which politically
unites the three huge states
which make up the new ma
tion Of Nigeria. These parties
are the Northern Peoples
Evening star., 1961-07-31
DORIS FLEEsoh

The. armed, forces Of the
United States, warmly backed
by Congress, are pressing on
with additional military pro-
grams designed to warn
Khrushchev away from free
Berlin. This reaction to So
Wet threats is a popular one.
The President must now
tackle the hard part, which
is to find political answers to
the German question. He
can be pretty sure that not
all of Congress will like them
when he does, nor can he ex-
pect they viii be automati-
cally popular.
A harsh test Of the Presi-
dents ability to lead the
country thus irnpends. He
cannot dodge or evade it even
If he wanted to, for the de-
cisions which viii shape the
future are political ones. If
Kennedy does not make
them, the unbashful Khru-
shchev certainly will.
As of now public opinion
Evening star., 1961-07-31
Firm to Cease
Claims for Three
Preparations
By the Associated Press


The maker Of three vitamin
and mineral preparations has
agreed to cease claiming they
are effective remedies for tired
ness, lack Of energy, indiges-
ton, insomnia. tension and
other complaints.
The Federal Trade Commis-
sion announced that Approved
Formulas. Inc. Of New York
City has agreed to drop various
claims which have been made
for "staminar". stress &
strain" and revitalin."
The consent order says the
preparations will not benefit
the great majority Of those
suffering from the assorted
symptoms which the makers
have claimed the compounds
would relieve. In addition to
conditions listed above, adver-
tising said one or more of the
preparations would help those
suffering from nervousness, ir-
ritability, aches, pains, loss of
vitality and premature aging.
The FTC noted that signing
Of the consent agreement does
not constitute admission Of any
law violation.
Evening star., 1961-07-31
Seeing Tunisions Before He Arronged
To Meet With French BIomed for Snub

to launch proposals for a
settlement.
Every mediator in any i'm
portant controversy finds it
before an attempt was made
necessary. above all. to es-
tablish his position as one of
complete impartiality. An
editorial in the Baltimore
Sun. reprinted in Europe,
says in part:
"Mr. Hammarskjold's per-
sonal intervention in the
Bizerte affair displayede less
than his usual finesse. He
flew to Tunisia, in response
to a direct plea from Presi-
dent Bourguiba and not on
explicit instructions from
the Security Council: This
allowed the French to claim
that he was playing the
Tunisian side, though his
intention is to plaE the
honest broker"
Also, with passions raised
to a high point when fight
ing occurs, it is especially i'm
portant. after a ceasefire, to
allow for a cooling-off per-
iod before any actual peace
proposals are brought for
ward.
In the Tunisian contro-
versy, the United Nations
called for a ceasefire, and it
was -oheyed by both sides,
though the French refused to
withdraw to the naval base
troops they had moved into
the city to repulse the at
tack, But the Tunisian gov
ernment Immediately sent its
Foreign Minister to Cairo to
arrange with the United Arab
Republic for volunteers" to
help fight the French forces.
This does not augur well for
q negotiation in good faith.
President Nasser has lust
announced that he is send
ing military equipment and
supplies to. the Tunisian
armed forces. But will the
United Nations take cogniz-
ance Of this obvious interven-
tion BY military means in the
dispute over Bizerte?
To run to NassA, who has
hitherto been hostile to the
President Of TuniSia, is
strange indeed. For only
three years ago Tunisia broke
off diplomatic relations with
the United Arab Republic
and accused the latter of
being involved in a plot to
assasSinate Bourguiba.
Another strange happening
is recorded in a dispatch to
the London Daily Telegraph
from Rome, where it has Just
leaked out that the Tunisian
government-before the BIZ
1erte episode-concluded an
agreement for new oil prof.
ects in Tunisia with Signor
Evening star., 1961-07-31

Congress, the Cameroons and
the National Council of
Nigeria. The "Alhaji" (the
Pilgrim in the Prime Min
ister's name indicates he, q
Muslin, has made the
pilgrimage to Mecca. He went
in 1859.
He was born in 1912 in
the village Of Tafawa Balewa.
His father was a district
leader. AS a boy he went two
years to the rural school in
his village. From then on he
progressed to a teachers
certificate. He became head
master Of a secondary school.
He continued his studies,
majoring in history.
In 1945, on the basis of his
scholastic accomplishment,
he was selected for a one
year scholarship at the Uni
versity of London's Institute
OF Education. In 1949 he was
appointed Education Officer
in Northern Nigeria.
In his years as a teacher
he had become interested in
politics. His eloquence, his
ability to debate and get to
Evening star., 1961-07-31
DAVID LAWRENCE

The world Is witnessing in
the Tunisian affair q sad ex-
ample Of the incompetence or
oisarray of the United Ma
tons machinery for mediat-
ing In international disputes.
When serious trouble breaks
out, as It did q few days ago
IN Tunisia, it is wrong for
Dag Hammarskjold, the sec
retary general Of the U. NJ.
to accept. an invitation from.
one side and then promptly
set forth, by letter to the
other side, proposals that
must inevitably be regarded
by the latter as partisan.
In . subsequent letter Of
explanation to the French
Foreign Minister, Mr.. Ham
marskiold declared that his
attitude was biased solely on
the Interpretation Of the
duties Of the secretary gem
eral and Of the principles Of
the charter adopted by the
organization in the past, and
also on the intentions, I ven
ture to believe. Of all the
members Of the Council who
voted for the interim resolu-
ton"
But Is it the function of the
secretary general of the U. N.
to interpret the Intentions"
OF the members of the United
Nations?
Mediation has been most
successful in the history of
diplomacy when undertaken
with the consent of both sides
in . dispute and when the
lnediators confine themselves
at first to fact-finding. Then.
after feeling out each Of the
parties, proposals can be sub
nnitted for the adjustment Of
the dispute.
President de Gaulle was
right in refusing at this
time to see Mr.. HAM
marskjold in Paris. For the
latter had unwittingly dis
qualified himself as, q inedi.
ator by conferring with the
Tunisian government with
out first having obtained an
agreement to talk with the
other party in the contro-
versy.
What the United Nations
secretariat should have been
at work on during these last
few days was an investiga-
ton Of exactly what
happened before and after
President Bourguiba ordered
a siege of the French base
at -Bizerte and his troops
opened fire on French para
troopers reinforcing the base.
The world should have been
given the facts, and both
sides should have been per-
mltted to state the reasons
Tor their respective actions
Evening star., 1961-07-31
Shaking Palsy
On Rise in u. S.
By the Associated Press

From $4,000 to $4,000 new
cases Of Parkinson's disease oc-
cur each year in the United
States, the Public Health Serv-
ice said today.
The disease is more likely
past the age of SO. Since the
number Of older people in the
country is steadily increasing,
the number of Parkinson's s
disease patients is likely to in
crease.
The disease, once known as
shaking palsy" is accompanied
by muscle rigidity and uncon-
trollable shaking or trembling
OF one or more parts of the
body. There is no known pre-
ventive and its cause is not
known.
There are at least 100000
victims in the United States.
The disease rarely kills, but
often severely cripples its VIC
Tins.
Evening star., 1961-07-31
An African Leader of Stature

the heart Of things. made
him . leader in this field. He
headed delegations to Lon
don. In 1851 he was Q dele
gate to the Festival Of Great
Britain and was a guest Of
the late King George vi and
his family at Buckingham
Palace.
In 1854, as Minister Of
Transport, he visited the
United States and the Meth
erlands, studying water con-
troll and inland navigation.
In 1858 and 1859 he was
one Of the delegates who
worked with the British in
preparing for the independ-
ence Of Nigeria in the au-
tumn Of 1860.
Because of his capacities of
mind and administration, and
his contributions to his coun-
try and its independence,
Alhaji Abubaker was one of
those who received a knight
hood from Queen Elizabeth
in 1960-Knight Commander
OF the Order Of the British
Empire.
He is married and has a
family. His hobby is history.
He is the author of one book
and is preparing another.
This is q. hastily sketched
Evening star., 1961-07-31
POTOMAC FEVER
BY FLETCHER KNEBEL

Thought for summer week ends: The Kennedy admin
iStration stands firm Bern-and mer on Cape Cod
American Motors offers employees proftsharing plan
Economists wary scheme like that could wide
spread unemployment among union leaders.
The Berlin crisis brought changes It's rIinored
they have nurses rolling bandage for the Peace
Corps
The old Roman Empire more progressive than you
think Rome instance violence long before teevsion
The military manpower shortage is acute. The other
night Navy Secretary Connay tossed party-and could
only find 20 sailors to park the
Who says Internal Revenue isn't efficient? Directly
across the headquarters hall from the where taxpayers
learn how much they owe is first aid station.
Evening star., 1961-07-31
Where HummurskioId Hit Snuq

Mattel, the head of the Ital-
ian state petroleum company.
This is the same individual
who has been getting cut
rates on oil from, the Soviet
Union in 9 maneuver that
threatens to disrupt the
whole price structure in oil
throughout the world.
The Tunisian government
makes no secret Of Its desire
to acquire a substantial share
of the oil resources Of the
Sahara. It is widely believed
that President Boureuiba saw
a chance to enrich his coun-
try by making up with the
Algerians. with whom he has
hitherto been at Ioggerheads.
His action came at the very
moment when France and
Algeria, In peace negotiations
at Evian : les Bains, were
struggling with the problem
Of Sahara oil. Shortly after
the Bizerte crisis, these talks
collapsed when the Algerians
asked for an indefinite sus-
pension, presumably to work
out q deal with Tunisia.
So II there were q real in
quiry into the whole Tunisian
affair and the facts were
given to the world, many
high-sounding phrases in
espousal of "self- determine
ton" and "anti-colonialism"
would turn out to be Q cover
for q materialistic quest. The
Soviets have their eyes on the
exploitation of the Sahara's
oil resources for their own
purposes, and viii furnish
money for development pro-
vided they can get a hold on
certain African countries and
start Q series Of moves that
will adversely affect the COM
panieS of the West which
have oil pipelines and refin-
cries in the Middle East.
The mystery Of why Mr..
Bourguiba has suddenly
turned on his Western friends
and provoked a quarrel with
France is gradually being ex-
planned by what is happening,
in the grab for the Sahara's
oil resources.
France has q treaty right
to keep the Bizerte naval
base until such time as q
satisfactory agreement with
Tunisia is achieved by direct
negotiations. The U. N. is
neither a supranational body
nor q superstate, and its use
fulness as a peacemaker in
the future will be enhanced
only If it confines itself to
the role of mediator and
ShunS partiSanShip. One NAV
to achieve that result is to
send a special U. N. commits
sion Of at least three persons,
appointed in each instance
by the Security Council itself,
to mediate, and not rely on
one man, even If ne is the
secretary general.
tcopyright, 1e6D
Evening star., 1961-07-31

picture Of an African, a man
Of stature, in politics, educa-
tion, government and private
life.
His task, and that Of his
associates in government is
grievously heavy. This is in
part because Nigeria is geo.
graphically vast. The de-
mands are the more arduous
because. Of the complexity of
languages, religion and the
urgencieS Of economics and
services which are the i'm
mediate problems of new ma
tionS.
Nigeria is half the. size of
Eastern Europe. Alhaji Sir
Abubakar and his ministers
govern more people than any
country in Africa, some IS
million, Of whom fewer than
10000 are not Africans.
There are many hundreds
Of tribes with different Ian
guages. customs and cultures.
The largest includes millions,
the smallest a few thousand.
A majority In the north are
Muslims. In the eastern and
western regions are many
Christians, Protestant and
Roman Catholic. The others
are animists- believers that
natural phenomena and OBJ
jects, trees, mountains. the
wind, are alive and have
souls.
There can be no common
Nigerian language. In the
north alone, for example, are
more than $50 tribes, each
with its own language or dia-
lect. The official language is
English. which is taught in
the schools.
The government is a feder-
alton Of the three regions.
One region differs from the
other as does, say Germany
from Spain.
There are cities which were
old when America was dis
covered. The largest, Ibadan,
has a population of 100000.
There are colleges and a de-
veloping secondary and ele-
mentary school system.
This, in brief, is something
of one of the African nations,
offering dismaying complex
tiles, which has begun with
great promise.
Its able prime minister,
Sir Abubakar, lis q
symbol Of this Africa"
Evening star., 1961-07-31
WILLLAM S. WHITE
DeIinquents! Who's to BLone2

child care" for illustration,
to know that teen-agers
should not be careenine
around in automobiles past
midnight. And the way to
stop it is Just to stop it;
physically, If nothing else
will do.
Some win object that there
are cases where q mother
has to work and q father is
away q great deal. The an
swer is not at all complicated:
Any adult capable Of bring
ing q child into the world
can find the time, if he
really wants to, to give that
child some responsible guild
ance.
Now, Of course, it is q sad
fact Of life that some chill
dren-a very few-are never
amenable to any kind of
discipline. In such cases the
parent can only do his best.
But it is extremely improb-
able, at all events, that any
number of Federal regula-
tions, on television, movies
or anything else, would ac-
complish much here.
So the vast majority Of
American parents have only
one necessity: To do their
plain duty by the children
and quit expecting somebody
or everybody else-the Gov
ernment, the schools, some
committee or other, some
social worker or other-to
do it for them.
1t is q frustrating, almost
q Sickening, thing to see a
Nation which grew great long
ago on personal CUTS and
personal responsibility run
bowling to Congress for pro-
lection against its own
children.
Evening star., 1961-07-31

The musical feature Of yes
terday's Evensong at the Wash
ington Cathedral was q per-
formance Of Twelve Proverbial
Canons by the associate organ
ist and choirmaster of the Ca
thedral, Richard Dirksen, Mr.
Dirksen conducted, and the
choir was the familiar Cathe-
dral group, minus, however, the
boys, whose clear voices are
heard during most Of the year.
The texts of Mr.. Dirksen's
pieces are from the Proverbs
Of Solomon. The settings are
all canonic, aS the title states,
and while the Cathedral acous-
tics discourage aural analysis,
it is plain that the canonic
techniques are handled with
considerable, though certainly
not unwarranted, freedom.
The style Of the music has
many roots: late 16th-century
polyphony, high baroque poly
phony, more recent rhythmic
devices, American folk song
and, In one case, the early
American fuguing tune, All
this is brought together in a
manner that is remarkably con-
sistent, though for me far from
exciting.
This is not the easiest mod
Evening star., 1961-07-31
Hard Part of the Berlin Problem

its dripping summer heat.
There is really very little de-
tail available to flesh out
the rhetorical skeletons from
the White House which nobly
state intention but omit
plans.
The Pentagon at least has
had a plan delivered into It's
hands and is working furi-
ously on it. It also is work.
ing overtime to the detri.
ment of the social and golf
ing schedules of this tight
little community.
Politicians are debating
among themselves a decision
they think the President
should make quickly. It Is
whether to get Congress out
OF here as soon as possible
or encourage it to stay for the
duration Of the crisis. Except
for foreign aid, few time
consuming measures have a
chance of enactment, and
while the session continues,
the temptation to the mem
bers to sound off on foreign
policy is immense.
The President has worked.
patiently and skillfully in
private to persuade his for.
mer colleagues but has
avoided public appeals. !
This technique has the draw
back that when it fails, there
is no aroused public opin-
ion to demand action. Aid.
to education was lost in this
manner. Whether the Presi.
dents reluctance to 60 more
directly and aggressively to
the people is ingrained or
passing prudence should
soon become evident.
Evening star., 1961-07-31
NEWS or MUSIC
Dirksen's S Il Conons
Deserve Wide Use

ern church music one can find,
but it ought to be well within
the range Of the men of better
groups everywhere. It stands
head and shoulders above the
run Of liturgical "uSe music, /"
and deserves to be widely used.
There were occasional bad
moments in the performance,
as for example at the beginning
of the second Proverb. These,
however, were widely scattered
and not serious, and the per-
formance deserves to be called
q good one in every respect.
Evening star., 1961-07-31

public authorities entirely
with the responsibility which
belongs to parents, and which
always has and always will.
This is the simple respon-
sibility to direct, to guide and
to discipline - repeat disci-
pline-their children.
There is no reason whatever
why Federal action should
be taken, even if it could be
taken, to prevent children
from seeing sordid or other
wise harmful TV programs.
There is a perfectly simple
remedy, a homegrown, do-it-
yourself one which does not
even require a kit from the
hardware store.
1t does not require a vast
lobbying effort under the slo-
gan There ought to be q
law!" It does not require a
marching host Of boycotters.
It does not require sending
delegations to the Federal
Communications Commission.
to Congress or the White
House-or even to City Hall.
1t only requires grown-up
people to do one little thing.
Tell the children to shut off
the blasted TV at those times
when programs obviously un-
suitable for them are going
on. And make sure that it
really is shut off.
The same goes for movies.
and, actually. for juvenile de-
hnquency itself. In nine cases
out of 10 any father or
mother who cannot cope with
this thing before it starts is
simply not doing his or her
job.
Nobody needs a degree in
Evening star., 1961-07-31
With Military Answer Warmly Booked,
KennedyNow Must Find Political Ones

is operating in an almost
complete vacuum of news
about the line the President
may take. There is, of course.
no dearth Of ideas regarding
what the Russians view as
their bone in the throat"
The White House and
State Department are filled
with people who apparently
do little else but think about
1t. Congress makes its contri-
button, particularly the Sena-
tors, and the volunteer help
accumulates with every mail.
Some Of these volunteers
write very sensibly. too, and
give the happy impression
that a great reservoir Of pub
lie support for great presi-
Dental decisions exists be-
meath the headlines achieved
by the John Birch Society
and its ilk.
Most observers now feel
that the skull practice ought
to stop fairly soon and the
President order the team into
action. AS of now the heavy
thinkers are not even con-
centrating on their thinking,
but are scattered around the
globe speaking for this coun-
try in generalities which
might well prove to be mis-
leading.
That many countries. some
of them very important, fear
exactly that is seen in the
stream Of official visitors
who continue to pour into
Washington at this zenith of
Evening star., 1961-07-31
Parents Should Discipline Children
Not Pass Buck on Responsibility

In the matter of juvenile
delinquency and widespread
juvenile ShiftlesSness there
are increasing signs of a
healthy revolt against that
old American custom Of ex-
pecting George to do it
George in this case being
''the Government"
Many days Of solemn Con-
gressional hearings here into
such things as violence on
television and into ways and
means to make the young
sters pull up their socks
in general have produced
about what might have been
expected. There have been
endless headlines and endless
speeches IN the Congressional
Record and there has been
much viewing with alarm,
At last. however, and partly
due to certain unusually
brave Government officials
like Secretary Ribicoff of
Health. Education and We'll
fare, the plain facts are in
siSttng upon raising their
plain heads above all this
hulabaloo. The plain facts
are these:
There is not now, and
there never will be so long as
we retain constitutional free
speech and the right to priA
vate management Of private
property, any lawful and ef-
fective means of preventing
television from showing what
the public either wants or
is too lazy or too stupid to
reject. by turning off the
dial.
And there is not now, and
never will be, any lawful and
effective way to saddle the
Evening star., 1961-07-31
BY DONALD MINTZ
Contributing Critic

Cathedral Choir, Richard Dirksen.
conductor.
Washington Cathedral. Program:
Twelve Proverbial Canons, Dirksen.
The coastland times with which is combined the pilot and herald of Belhaven and Swan Quarter. [volume] (Manteo, N.C.) 1959-1973, 1961-07-28

WASHINGTON D. CFve in the life of
but brief its deveopmenta effort But the sinews
geard to determination work wonders This week. five
India dependent imported coaches
people, haul its freight rush food limited
Of foreign exchange with compelling demands
development targets being erd things which could
This together with other considers
tons resulted in the birth Of coach factory which the
biggest Of its kind in Asia today.
Called the Integral Coach Factory and designed produce
ger coaches its growth reads like story in the big broad
ing the Integral Coach Factory has been SURPRISING stiff targets
exceeded the target by 80 coaches bringing
the total 0 The record of continued in 1858 when
sos shells produced against the target Of turned 5o2
coaches 2 than expected during the 2onth period
from October 1859 September 1860 From May 1860 the factory
coach day coach during every six working hours
factory actually take designing different types shells
has already produced the lower class the lower class and
the and brake coach Shells The
ducon fully furnished first coaches expected
early this year.
During the Coun Third Plan the factory is likely to further
diversity its production Electric multiple units stock for eeerfca
ton scheme in Calcutta motor and parcel and diesel rail
for all the items
be taken The Of the CF towards self suency
evident from the fact that out Of needed for
facture of each SHE'LL only component fully imported
About 1000 components at the factory ITSELF 2S7
the indigenous and the remaining six
ponents partly imported
span Of years. factory increased
duction rapidly making the country sefent in the matter Of
passenger coaches.