davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-08-23
BRIDGES, DAVID LOGAN. On n

day, August q, 1861, a. Eairiax
of 60lT Atteente rd.. Springfield,
Va. beloved husband Of Mary Lou
Bridges. son of Mrs. Mary Sophia
brother Of Joseph Bridges Of Fair
fax, Va, and Georgs M Bridges
of Dayton, Wash. He also Is sur
vived by three nieces and two
nephewS. Friends may call at the
Robert J. Murphy Funeral Home,
1924 Columbia pike. Arlington. Va,
where services will be held at 1870
pm. Friday. August 25. lnterment
Arlington National Cemetery.
Evening star., 1961-08-23
REEVES. KATuApINp upDoN

HEIUH, FLUKENCE A. on Monday,
august II, 1861. FLORENCE 4
REICH of II Cheston ave An.
nspolis, Md, beloved wife Of the
Mrs. BENJAMIN j. Hyde. Mrs. Grover
" Hedgecock, Mrs. Amanda D.
Nasco, Merrill D. and Walter L,
Reich; sister OF Mrs. Rosa Eunter
and Mrs. Mabel Purlee. Services
a. the s. H. Hines Co. Funeral
Home. 2901 ] 4th st. NV. on Fri
gay. August 25, at 10 am. park
National Cemetery 81
Evening star., 1961-08-23
BAICHELoR. NATHANIEL MERRITT.

On Monday. August 81. 1861,
at the Washington Sanitarium,
NATHANIEL MERRITT BATCHE-
LOR Of 1920 Eastwood ave-.
Silver Spring, Md, husband
OF the late Lola Collins Batche-
ieaix TvHe and Jewel BstcneIor Sen p services Vices
at the S. H. Hines Co. Funeral
Home. @r0l 14th st. NV, on
Wednesday. August %, at , pm.
parking facilitiesl Interment Ar
lin9ton National Cemetery, ~
Evening star., 1961-08-23

FARRELL. IRWIN. The officers anc
|: ! !: ; 4: !:
% members Of King Dayic
M NO death of our late brother
w mains resting at the S
H Hines Co Funera
Home. 29Ol 18th 81. nv. Inter.
ment Arlington National Cemetery
| pm. Friday, August %, 1851
By order Of the WorShipful Master
ALFRED DAPsAUsXI. Secy, "A
Evening star., 1961-08-23

IRWIN A. On Tuesday
August %. 1851. at Mount Alto
Hospital, IRWIN A. FARRELL OF
2l29 10th st. north, Arlington
Va. beloved husband Of Neville
E. Farrell. brother Of Mrs. Mar
guerite jackson, Mrs Amy Stevens
and Mrs. Eulalia L'Agel, all Of
Annapolis. Md: brother-In-law Of
Frank and Pauline Kimmei. Serv.
ices at the S. H. Hines Co. Funeral
Home. 29Ol l4th st. NV. on Fri
day. August 20, at pm. lark.
ing tacilitieSl. Interment Airing.
ton National Cemetery. "a
Evening star., 1961-08-23
Commander.
ANDREA P. sCKoPPEGLiA.
Al lint q ;,

BANKS, JOHN RAYMOND: Jr. On
District General Hospital, JOHN R,
BANKS, Jr., Of 111S 1St st. Sc,
devoted husband of Mrs. Lola
Banks and beloved son of Mr.. and
Mrs. John Banks He also leaves
to mourn his passing two sisters,
one brother. eleven aunts, two
uncles, other relatives and many
friends. After 3 pm. Thursday,
August "a, remains will lie in
state at ST. Matthews Baptist
Church, 1105 New Jersey ave. Sc,
where funeral services will be held
on Friday, August 25. at ll:1O
am, the Rev. A. D. Williams Of
ficiating. Interment Arlington Ma
tional Cemetery. ARRANGEMENTS by
the John T. Rnines g. Co. Funeral
Home 2nla loth ST ~
Evening star., 1961-08-23

August 10, 1851. SARAH fSS' s. JESS.'
KINS of 1927 Potomac ave. Sc,
beloved wife Of Dewey jenkins and
sister OF Mrs. Susie Howell, Mrs.
Dorothy Atkins and Mrs. Helen
Ealey. Also surviving are other
relatives and many friends. After
pm. Thursday, August "a friends
are invited to call at the MCGUIRE
Funeral Home. 1920 9th st. NV,
where services will be held on
Friday. August 25. at l pm. In
terment Lincoln Memorial Cemetery
Evening star., 1961-08-23

August p; 1861; q Walter Reed
1870 Wyoming ave. NV, beloved
wife of Col Claire R. Bennett. USA
tretiredl. mother Of Mai. George
Grimes Of Paris, France: sister of
Mrs Lucille Garrison Of Memphis,
Tenn. Friends may call at the S. H.
Hines Co. Funeral Home, 290l l4th
st. NV. from 10 am. to 10 pm.
Wednesday. August % (parking IA
cilities). Services at Fort Myer
Chapel. Fort Myer, Va. on Thurs
day. August "a. at IL am. Inter-
ment Arlington National Cemetery
Evening star., 1961-08-23

ter FLORENCE REICH on Thurs
day, August "A. 1861, at s pm.
Funeral services at 10 am. Friday,
August 25. at the above funeral
home Burial. IL am, Arlington
National Cemetery.
MARY M. GRIFFITH. W. M.
HESTER NJ. HELMS, P, M, Secy.
Evening star., 1961-08-23
BAMEY. WILLIAM E. offlcer, an.

BAILEY, WILLIAM E. Officers and
.1tsAssa. members of Adelphia Post
,$A No. IS. the Aemrican Le-
81 gion, Department of the
District Of Columbia, are
hereby notified Of the
8sS death OF our late COM
rade, WILLIAM E. BAL
LEY. All members of this post
are requested to attend American
Legion National Guard of Honor
services to pc held at HySong's
Funeral Home 18th and N SITS.
NV, at 8 pm. Thursday, August
JOHN v. B FARMAKIDEs.
Commander.
Evening star., 1961-08-23

gay Auglst Y. Igbl, GONZALEZ
Notice of funeral later. Services
by Frazier.
SMITH. ROGER B. On Monday. Au-
Of 5TIQ Bradley blvd. Bethesda, q,
Md. beloved husband Of Gertrude
n, Smith. father of Mrs. Jean S,
Hit, Mrs: Nancy S. Palmer and
Richard H. Smith. son of Roger B
Smith ana brother OF j. Wilmer
and John M. Smith. Friends are
invited to call al the Bethesda
Chevy Chase Funeral Home Of Rob-
ert A. Pumphrey. Esthesda. Nd.
Services on Friday. August %, at
the Fort Myer Chapel. Fort Myer,
Va. where requiem mass will be
offered at II am Interment Ar
hnston National Cemetery. "a
Evening star., 1961-08-23
SHELTON. GENEVA EPPs. On sn

day, August 20, 1861, at George
town University Hospital, GENEVA
FtPS SHELTON of 1925 BennIng
I'd. ne, formerly of Laurens, S C.,
devoted wife Of Mr.. Thomas j
Shelton. sr. Also surviving are
two sons. Mr.. Thomas j. Shelton
ir.. and William H. Shelton; two
daughtsrs, Miss Matte Shelton and
Hattie Shelton Foster; five grand
children, one great-grandchild, other
relatives and friends. After 4 pm
Wednesday. August %, her remains
will lie in state at the Bible Way
Church. 1130 New Jersey ave. W.
where funeral services will be held
BISHOP Hl Z smsiISood IsHSS Williams g otfi. n
ciating. Interment Lincoln Memo.
rial Cemetery. ARRANGEMENTS by thG
John 7 Rhines g. Co. Funeral Home
o0l5 10Th ct n o 30
Evening star., 1961-08-23

SlLEh, EVELYN. On Monday, Au
gust II, 1851, at George Wash
LYN SILER Of 14OS Otis st. ne
devoted wife of Mr.. Rudy Sile
and beloved daughter of Mrs. Mar,
Burton. Also surviving are on
daughter Linda Siler; four sisters
Mrs. Marie Metlock. Mrs. Clari
Butchee, Mrs. Bernice Garrett AM
Mrs. Dorothy Swofford; four broth
ers, Calvin, Henry, Earliest an
Charles Burton, and ether relative
ing at the John T. Rhines A. Ce
Funeral Home. 3Ol5 18th st. ne
tample parking facilities). wher
friends may call after 5 pm. Thurs
day, August ~. Funeral service
on Friqay. August 25, at ! pm
1850 Minnesota ave NE, the Rev
Willie B, Allen officiating. Inter
ment Lincoln Memorial Cemetery
Evening star., 1961-08-23
Dratha

AKERS. ELIZABETH CECILIA. Sud.
denly, on Tuesday, August -, 1861
at her residence, 226 West Center
St, Manassas. Va. ELIZABETH CE.
CELIA AKERS. beloved wife Of
Walter r. Akers and mother oi
Mrs. Ruth Adams Mrs Esther
Scour, Mrs. Jean Schwab and Mrs
Mildred E. Plante. Also surviV-
ing are twelve grandchildren
Friends received at the Baker Fu-
neral Home. 3l4 North West St,
Manassas. Va, where a recitation
of the rosary will be held on
Wednesday. August 23, at s pm
REQUIEM mass for the repose OF
her soul will be offered at ALI
Saints Catholic Church, Manassas,
Va. on Thursday, August "A, at
10 am. Interment Manassas Gem
Evening star., 1961-08-23

KINCHELOE, EDWARD E. ON Tues
day: August -. 1861; EDWARD E.
MESHslqE MaToTs RsRsi1s RHiSRaS Of father fs a6i
Stuart E. Kincheloe and Mrs. Louise
c. Magner, brother Of Mrs. Pear
(. Evans and Mrs. Courtney A.
Mcnamara. Services at the Geier
on Thursday, August "a, at II noon.
Interment Congressional Cemetery
m lieu of flowers make contri6u-
tions 10 the Cancer Fund.
LANoIx. GILBERT I6F, E. s%HsdIdenly' Sud on
aiEBEsT LANoix, devoted
He also is survived by two brothers.
August and joseph Lanoix; a sis
ters. Mrs Harriet B Moore, Miss
~ Larnix Mrs. C-c"lia J.
Richardson; three sons. Gilbert l.
and Francois Lanoix, Samuel J
gaTs$as. 6aSa;t jt IA Srsnochtdre4 IT, y
friends. After pm. Wednesday
August %, friends may call at the
8obert g Mason Funei a! Aoms
"sor~ VIZ be Sf.itc% p, I'M
Requiem high mass for the repost
] Of his. soul at. 10 am. Thurs.
/ day August August "a; at tS, Our Lady Is6S
/ Norris rd. sc. fnterment Carver
Memorial Park %
LANE, MAUDE LITCHFIELD. On Mon
f9TczFIFf f9y EHspft IS Am l296i ssd MAYBE {5t:
wood p' NV, beloved wife OF the
( late Joseph E. Lane. ST; mother OF
/ Joseph Eugene Lane, jr., and Miss
Clara B. Lane; sister of Mrs Law
renee De Garmo Of Washington
/ D. C.; G. W. Litchfield Of Aurora
N. C Friends may call at the Lee
Funeral Home. 4th st and MaSsa.
ChusettS ave ne. where services
will be held Wednesday, August ~
at 80 pm, Interment Cedar Hill
Cemetery. %
Evening star., 1961-08-23

PoLLEN. JAMES E.. OF 1880 Key
gust 90, 1851. husband Of Ruth e.
Pollen, father of the late James E.
Pollen. ir.: Mrs. Virginia E. Hit.
Mrs. Mildred L. Miller. Mrs. Mar
garet H. Sahrow and Georke W.
Pollen. He also is survived by four
grandchildren. Services at Cham
bers Georgetown Funeral Home,
3O72 M st. NV. on Wednesday,
august q, at | pm. Interment
Evening star., 1961-08-23
REICH, FLORENCE

LORENCE. Officers and
members of st. Johns S
Lodge Chapter, Nc. Is, o.
E. s., are requested to
assemble at the 9 H. Hines
Co. Funeral Home. 1901
l4th st. NV. to conduct
funeral services for Sic
Evening star., 1961-08-23

n, IRA E. Members of Nov
Ing Picture Machine Op-
n orators. Local 224, are
~ hereby notified h a t
~ Brother IRA E. JOHN
- SON died On Tuesday,
August -, 1861. Fu-
neral from the Warner
mphrey Funeral Home, S434
a ave. Silver Spring, Md
t family notice for time and
Of interment,
Evening star., 1961-08-23

August 90. 1861. LOUISE WAL.
LACE of 1920 N st. NV. Apt. POI
devoted mother of Edythe Wallace
Williams. Also surviving are hel
nieces, nephews, devoted son.
in-law, other relatives and many
friends. After 4 pm. Friday, Au.
gust 25, friends are invited to cal
at the Mcguire Funeral Home
1890 9th st. NV, where service.
will be held on Saturday, August
70, at pm. Interment Lincoir
Memorial Cemtery. Or
Evening star., 1961-08-23

BAILEY, WILLIAM E. On Tuesday,
August -, 1861, at his residence
1873 Massachusetts, ave. NV, WILL
LIAM E. BAILEY. father OF Mrs
Ruth R. Durant and Mrs. Clepys
Barber, and brother OF Mrs. Mildred
Burke. Friends may call at
Hysong's Funeral Home. 1900 N st.
NV, where services will be held
on Friday, August 70, at u noon.
1nterment Arlington National Gem
etery. u
Evening star., 1961-08-23

gust 22. 1861. JEFF PUCKETT Of
voted husband of Mettie Pickett
He also is survived by an adopted
son. Louis Puckctt; ere nephew,
Cardell Shelton and other rela-
tiyes and friends. After pm.
Thursday, August "a. friends NAV
call at the Frazier Funeral Home.
3o9 Rhode Island ave NV. Fu-
neral services on Friday, August
20. at 1880 am. at the Turner
Memorial Methodist Church, 800
Eye st. NV. the Rev. S. E. GuileS
offictating. Interment Arlington
National Cemetery, "4
Evening star., 1961-08-23
b HAMILToN, LANES HENRY

tCREEPY). Suddenly, on Monday,
CREEPY HAMILTON Of 246 18th
st. Sc, devoted son of Mrs. Mar
garet Hamilton Harris, beloved
brother Of Herbert and Miss Mary
Hamilton. He also leaves an aunt
Miss Ella Lomax; a sister-in-law,
Mrs. IneZ Hamilton; five nieces
five great-nieces. seven great-neph-
ews. other relatives and friends
Friends may call on Wednesday, Aug
23. between and 10 pm, al the
funeral home Of Alexander S. Pope,
Ala 18th st. s.e., where the rosary
will be recited at u.m. Solemn
requiem mass will te sung on
Thursday. August "a, at 8 am,
at st. Cyprian's Church, 18th and
c SITS. sc. Interment Mount Olivet
Cemetery
Evening star., 1961-08-23

FILE, ALLEN. On Tuesday. August
Potomac ave. NV, beloved husband
Of Helen Boyd Pyle, father of Mrs,
frank Urban and Miss Elizabeth
PYLE, brother Of Mrs. Maurice
Grubbs. Services at the s. II
Hines Co. Funeral Home. 29Oi 14tb
st, NV. on Thursday, August "a
at / pm. tparking facilities. In
terment Cedar Hill Cemetery, "a
Evening star., 1961-08-23

OLINLh, WILLAhD n. On Monday,
August Il: 1851 at Naval Eos-
OLIVER Of Great Falls, Va. hus-
band of Mary Dcwney oliver and
father of willard E. and Charles
J. Oliver, brother of Mrs. Vera nj
Imboden. Friends may call at
Washington ST., Falls Church Va
where services will be held on
Friday, August 20, at II am. In
terment Arnon Cemetery, Great
Falls, Va. "a
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-10-19

Friends, and Colonial Garden
Clubs in the neighborhood are
showing floral and sreenery
arrangements using the candles,
and there'll also be various
types of candle supplies such as
holders, vases and shutters.
The 10 am. to 8 pm. event
takes place in the church hall,
located at Brighton, 81 miles
north of Ashton.
What makes the festival most
interesting is the fact that many
of the candles are actually made
by members of the Guild. Mrs.
William ]. Hines, jr., is chair
man of the committee includ-
ing Mrs. Clifford Weakly, Mrs.
A. Cartwright Hart and Mrs.
Harry Musgrove, jr., which
does the making.
The women work two-at-a-
time at Mrs. Hines home, 1870
Colesville rd., Silver Spring.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-10-19

Their equipment includes two
old-fashioned molds from men,
bers of Mrs. Hines family, a
newly purchased hexagon mold,
wicks, bees wax and glo-wax.
After hours OF tedious work
threading the wicks into the
molds, they accidentally dis
covered an easy method. One
day someone dropped a soft
wick into hot wax. 1t stiffened,
and threading was no longer a
problem.
The old-fashioned molds are
designed to make II and six
tapers about 10 inches tall. Only
bees wax, purchased nearby, is
used in these molds. ut melts
at a higher temperature" Mrs.
Hines points out, "and lasts
twice as long as paraffin."
After pouring into the molds,
the candles are left to "set-up"
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-10-19

Needham and her eight-year-old
son, Chuch, of Kensington.
Judith E. Kirsch, S742 Came
ron St, Silver Spring, has re-
turned home following a 21s.
month holiday on the Continent.
She sailed to New York on the
1T. S. Bremen"
Honeymooning at the Castle
Harbour Hotel in fuckers
Town, Bermuda, were Mr.. and
Mrs. James S. Dawson, III. The
bride is the former Helen A.
Bentley of Owosso, Mich, and
her husband is the son of Mr..
and Mrs. James S. Dawson, jr.,
1913 S. Washington ST., Rock
vile. Both attend American
University.
Mr.. and Mrs. Stephen C.
Good, TO Talbot ST., Rockville,
recently honeymooned in the
mid-Atlantic resort islands of
Bermuda. She is tn e former
Marian R. Crank of Washing
ton, D. c.
Mrs. Alb Hermann of Bethes-
da, and Mrs. William Hepburn
of Rockville, attended the west
ern regional conference of the
National Federation of Repub-
lican Women in Sun Valley,
Idaho.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-10-19

for six to 10 hours at room
temperature. Cooling can be
hurried in the refrigerator"
Mrs. Hines adds, "but some
times this causes cracking"
Because bees wax sticks so
tightly to the mold, the candles
are warmed slightly in an oven
before removal. They remain
the natural bees wax color, a
lovely autumn gold.
A commercial type of "glo-
wax" is used for the pillar
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-10-19
Churc Women Mold Candles for Annua|FestN

candles made in the hexagon
mold. Colored green, burgundy
and brown, the whole candle
CLOVIS when aflame. These
tapers are larger, about three
inches across, and can be pour
ed at different heights.
In addition, the guild buys
other types of candles from a
factory in Hyannis, Mass.
Orders will be taken for these
and the homemade types at the
festival on October %.
The church group invites the
public to browse about their
display and enjoy refreshments,
served by the Senior Guild.
This and Thot
Mr.. and Mrs. David Earle
Belts of Rockville have issued
invitations to a small dance on
October 20 at Chevy Chase Club.
Montgomery County residents
on the committee for the Wash.
ington international Horse
Show Opening Night next Tues
day include Mr.. and Mrs. Roy
st. Lewis of Norwood and Mr..
and Mrs. Garvin E. Tankersley
of Bethesda.
Old friends met at Normandy
Farm October 10 for a birthday
luncheon honoring Mrs. Joseph
Richardson Baker, a former
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-10-19

resident of Kensington now liv-
ing in Rockville. In addition to
the hostess, Mrs. William Nc
Nulty of Garrett Park, the
group included Mrs. Albert Det-
rick and Mrs. Louis DERRICK,
both of Washington, D. C.
Mrs. Gerald j. Miller, 1907
Pauline dr., Chevy Chase, enter
tanned last Thursday at tea
for hostesses of the Italian
Israel Fashion Festival to be
held at the Sheraton-Pa
Hotel on November Z.
Trovei Talk
Ellen Rodderick, 1905 Bal
moral dr., Silver Spring, sailed
recently from New York harbor
on the "S,S. Queen Fredericka, /"
bound for a year of study at the
Stella Via international College
in Rome, Italy. She is a gradu-
ate of Regina High School.
A late summer vacation
cruise to Nassau in the Ba-
hamas, was recently enjoyed by
Mr.. and Mrs. Jack Sheeskin,
1858 Stoney Hill CT, Silver
Spring.
Sailing recently to the Med
iterranean aboard the IS. S.
Constitution" We're Mrs. Roger
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-10-19
By Kathleen Leary, Woman's Editor

Women of the Junior Guild of st. Lukes Episcopal
Church. Brighton will light the way to the holiday
with their second annual Candle Festival October g.
Oldfashioned bees tapers hghight the display of
candles in many shapes, sizes and colors. The Little
Montana farmer-stockman., 1961-11-15

ALTERNATIVES FOR HANDLING
land diverted from wheat and barley
production for 1862 have been pointed
out elsewhere i'm this issue. Double
summerfallow is one of the practices
and should be used only when others
are impractical To assist in making
decisions on accepting this practice
and managing the land. let's consider
some of the problems related TO weed
and erosion control and TO soil mois-
ture and fertility as associated with
two years Of falI0w.
One of the primary purposes of sum-
merfallowing is to store moisture from
precipitation received one year for use
by the crop the next year. Another
benefit is the increased availability of
nitrogen. The way the soil is managed
will largely determine how effective
these benefits viii be.
This article points out some of the
hazards involved and problems asso-
ciated with control of wind and water
erosion. Procedures are suggested for
preserving the maximum amount of
stubble to minimize erosion and still
control weeds 1t discusses moisture
storage. tillage as related to soil sur
face protection, and soil fertility.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1961-11-15
1862 Wbeat-Feed Grain Program
Double allow Will
Present Problems
By CHARLES M SMITH and I. o. BAKER,


should kill all annual vegetation for
the first year. The second year could
be handled with a combination of
2,4-D and tillage or with tiIlage alone
depending on the amount of stubble
present.
Fenuron could be used in place of
the Atrazine mentioned above. They
are about equal in price - approx
mately So. Fenuron is possibly some
what less effective against Russian
thistle.
Another material marketed as Ben
zac 1881 or Trysben 200 will also do
good job on most annual weeds, both
grassy and broadleafed. il applied prior
to termination Of the weeds. These
materials cost approximately S. per
pound of acid equivalents. and rates of
pounds per acre are suggested.
Because of possible residual effects
on the crop, these chemicals should
not be used except during the first year
o. two-year faIIow program.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1961-11-15
Soils

The amount of mulch cover on the
soil surface influences to a great ex-
tent the erosiveness of the soil. Accord
ing to information published by the
Montana Agricultural Experiment Sta
ton In bulletin entitled Summer
FaIlowing Methods by Krall, Power
and Massee. a minimum level of mulch
for soil surface protection is usually
between 1000 and 1000 pounds per
acre at seeding time.
Various tillage implements affect
the destruction of mulch in different
ways as is given in Table 1. Although
this information pertains to normal
he amount of winter wheat residues
af0ua 1QA9-Sg
Montana farmer-stockman., 1961-11-15
First Year FaIIow

Chemicals offer 2 real opportunity
to provide maximum erosion protection
on land where q two-year fallow pro-
gram is anticipated. Atrazine can be
applied at two pounds per acre follow
ing harvest ia the fall. or early the
next spring Atrazine requires moisture
to activate it and must be carried into
the root zone while the weeds are still
in a Seeding stage. For this reason,
fall applications are preferred Atrazine
Table I. Effects of faIlOw method on
at MOccaSin n
Montana farmer-stockman., 1961-11-15
On Land Already FaIIowed

Whether erosion is hazard Or not,
it may be advantageous to spray the
area early in May with 2.4-D at rate
of one pound per acre. H grassy weeds
are most prevalent the area should
be cultivated and 2.4-D could be used
as the second operation.
IN either case, 2.4-D should be ap-
piled when the weeds are small and
the rate must be increased over that
used in a grain crop. because weeds
are harder to kill when there is no
crop competition. Subsequent fallow
operations would depend on the kind
of weeds present.
Likely, one cultivation and two spray
applications viii take care of the en-
tire season If perennial broadIeaf
weeds are present, more tillage viii
be necessary and the rate of 2,4-D
should be doubled for all weeds except
field bindWeed.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1961-11-15

guides for determining the effects on
the remaining residues during the sec
ond year of fallow Based on this infOr-
nation it is obvious that for double
summerfallow the olle-way should NOT
be used since it results in too great
an amount of mulch destruction
Research at Lethbridge, Alta, has
shown similar trends with resulting
recommendation that blades or wide
sweeps should be used where it is
desirable TO maintain the maximum
amount of mulch. Using blade fol-
lowed by rod-weeder operations, over
30 per cent of the original mulch cover
was retained after few months sum-
merfallow period.
A single one-way operation reduced
the original mulch cover by approx
mately SO per cent. However, subse-
quent rod-weeder or blade tillages tend
ed to return some of the buried straw
to the surface.
Summaries of other research data in
Great Plains give the following rates
OF surface residue reduction for each
operation: Wide blade sweep, 10 per
cent; chisel, duckfoot cultivator, Or
narrow sweeps, 20 to Is; one-way OPP
Grated at 6 to Finch depth, 20; one
way operated at to 3-inch depth, 30.
This information means that if a
reasonable amount of mulch is to be
left on the soil surface for protection
from erosion, the best possible COM
bination OF implements should be used.
Eaefore :, E~osso,.
a.s. a.
80, .-'-s.''. - 80. - = -
: - ~ = w., -, s--' = .s.''oA s'.sss
-, - ..'.-e.'.- ~..-ea1S -. : - : ,. = ~ -.
49, 80 VIZ. -
sss -
a. -..s 60 -osS~s-.s ~o.a- s-'~- -
-.,,ess - 80 "s '~''-o'' = -
uT.. - -, !. .e -
80 1a~-e -. 4 ss.- - -, ~ ...s~~
1~4.- 80. - --'~ :,,.sl = - - =
.,;aot~~ = .;,1 r,;os,1-- ~,,r;a4 -
severe movement by wind. Roughing
the surface may reduce the problems
Montana farmer-stockman., 1961-11-15
Soil Moisture

Many Of the fields which viii be fall
lowed for the second year are very
low in stored soil moisture. 1t will be
desirable then to use whatever means
possible to obtain the maximum
amount of water conservation during
this coming falIow year. Any deep
tillage should be done early, before
the evaporation rate is high.
Subsequent operations should then
be by sub-surface equipment such as
the rod-weeder or the duck-foot cult
vator to minimize losses of surface
mulch or clods. Each of these opera
tions should be as shallow as is prac-
teal, keeping in mind the entire sum
mer tillage program. This viii result
i'm keeping water evaporation at
Montana farmer-stockman., 1961-11-15

sibIe to utilize chemicals along with
tillage. The following suggestions are
offered as possible approaches to your
fallow program.