davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-04-17

beat a Jewish child to death
with his own hands for stealing
peaches.
This" cried Israeli Attorney
General Gideon Hausner, lis
the trial of the destroyer"
The former GeStapo officer
stared back at Mr.. Hausner
unblinking.
EiChmann'S plea of innocence
marked the actual start of his
trial on charges on completely
in the death of 6 million Euro
pean Jews during the war. II
came after the three-mar
court. headed by Supreme Court
Justice Moshe Landau, over
ruled defense objections to the
courts competence to hear the
case and to the Israeli law un.
der which Eichmann is charged
Justice Landau said the de-
tails of the judges reasoning
would be embodied in theil
final decision at the end o.
the trial.
Then Justice Landau ordered
Eichmann to stand up and re-
move the headphones over
which he listens to the tranSla-
ton into German of the He
brew language of the court.
Point by point, through the
is sections of the indictment
Evening star., 1961-04-17
BY JOHN LAWSON
Star Staff Writer

Gov. Almond bypaSsed the
badly-split Northern Virginia
bar association today and ap-
pointed E. Calvin VanDyck, a
Fairfax lawyer, as judge of the
Circuit Court embracing Fair
fax and Prince William Coun-
ties and the City of Alexandria
In a move seen by some OBJ
servers as an attempt to re-
store harmony, the Governor
named the popular 45-year-old
attorney to replace Justice
Harry L. Carrico, who was
elevated to the Supreme Court
of Appeals in January.
He thus ended what had be-
come one of the longest and
most controversial vacancies on
the circuit bench in years
The judgeship had been the
subject of intense maneuvering
among Fairfax politicians and
lawyers and produced a battle
Evening star., 1961-04-17
Almond Ignores Bar,
Names VonDyck Judge

in the Fairfax Bar which pitted
Commonwealth Attorney Rob-
ert c. Fitzgerald against Su-
perViSor James Keith.
In January the County Bal
Association met and chose Mr.
Fitzgerald over Mr.. Keith by
a margin of only five votes.
The meeting generated such
diS5ension, however, that the
Governor told the bar to meet
again and select two more
C a n d i'd a tes. The bar re-
indorsed Mr.. Fitzgerald anc
also recommended Barnard F.
Jennings and Hardee Chamb.
liSS.
The Alexandria Bar Associa-
ton also met and recommended
Mr.. Fitzgerald, who defeated
City Attorney V. Floyd Will
liams by six votes. In Falls
Church the bar group Endorsed
Mr. Fitzgerald unanimously.
Those actions came in JAN
See JUDGE, Page b.
Evening star., 1961-04-17
Rhee's S Aide Gets
Death Sentence

SEOUL, Korea, April II (AP)
"A key member of Syngman
Rhee's regime, former home
minister Choi In-kyoo, was SEN
fenced to death today for mas
terminding the rigging of last
years presidential elections.
1t was the second death sem
tence given within a week by
the five-judge court which is
trying officials of the ousted
Rhee regime. Koo Su-chil, a
former police officer, was SEN
fenced to death Saturday for
ordering police to shoot during
the rioting which started April
10 and forced President Rhee'S
resignation April 27. Koo was
held responsible for eight
deaths. The riots took 180 lives
in all.
The sentences are subject to
review by a court council upon
appeal.
Evening star., 1961-04-17
Gen. Walker
Is Relieved
Puper's Charges
Bring Action
a the Associated press

The Army announced today
that Maj. Gen. Edwin A.
Walker has been relieved of
command of the oath Infantry
Division in Germany pending
an investigation of allegations
that he gave his troops ma
terial from the right wing John
Birch Society.
The Army said Secretary of
the Army Elvis ]. Stahr has
ordered Gen. Walker trans
ferred Immediately to United
States Army headquarters at
Heidelberg, Germany, pend
ing the outcome of an official
investigation of certain public
statements and actions of Gen.
! Walker"
Although the statement did
not mention the Birch Society,
officials acknowledged that this
was the matter involved.
The investigation is now be-
ing made by Gen. Bruce Clarke,
commander-in- chief of Army
forces in Europe.
The controversy arose last
week when the Overseas
Weekly, a privately owned serv-
icemen's newspaper, charged
that Gen. Walker used Army
facilities to disseminate to his
troops what it called propa-
ganda of the anti-Communist
John Birch Society.
The paper reported that pub
locations and material of the
Society were distributed among
oath Division soldiers under pro-
grams set up by Gen. Walker.
/ Overseas Weekly also said
the society'S material had beer
reprinted in the divisions
weekly newspaper.
Gen. Walker has denied his
divisions information program
is tied with any organization
and said it is intended to in
form soldiers of enemies who
would destroy u.s."
Gen. Walker also has beer
reported by the paper as having
said at a PTA meeting in Augs-
burg that former President
Harry S. Truman, former Sec
retary of State Dean Achesor
and Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt are
definitely pink"
He also was quoted by the
paper as saying that 60 pei
cent of the American press
radio and TV industry is Com.
munist.
Gen. Walker issued a state
ment yesterday using the terms
immoral, unscrupulous, cor.
rupt and destructive" in talk
ing about the Overseas Weekly
The paper in reply called
Gen. Walker a foe of freedom
of the press.
Evening star., 1961-04-17

denunciation of the United
States by declaring:
MY tiny and heroic nation
is proving again the story of
David and Goliath may
say: Nation or death, but we
shall vanquish."
Mr.. Stevenson bitterly at
tackled Prime Minister Castro
as a tyrant who had sought to
overthrow other governments
of Latin America and to set up
regimes modelled after his own
tyrannical image"
What Roa seeks from us to-
day." Mr.. Stevenson said, lis
protection for a terroristic re-
gime from the natural wrath
of the Cuban people"
Betrayal Charged
He asserted that the Castro
government "haS betrayed the
Cuban revolution. The strug-
gle, he said is not one between
the United States and Cuba,
but between Mr.. Castro and the
other American countries.
Castro has lost the cODfi-
dence of his own people" Mr
Stevenson continued. "He be-
lieves small armed groups are
likely to receive enough sup
port to become dangerous. Cas-
tro is right to be afraid"
The United States delegate
] See U. N, Page At
Evening star., 1961-04-17
TroopsAshore,
Fighting Rages
In Provinces
Communications
Cut as Regime
Fights for Life
BY the Associated Press

Invaders landed in Cuba by
sea and air today, launching the
long awaited battle to topple
Fidel Castro.
Prime Minister Castro told
his people by radio the sea and
airborne onslaught was backed
by planes and warships and
was launched by "mercenaries"
organized by the United States.
His regime severed all commu-
nicationS to the United States.
Already our troops are ad-
vancing against the enemy,
sure of their victory" the
bearded revolutionary asserted
in an appeal for Cubans to
maintain order and discipline.
Mr.. Castro declared the in
VaderS struck in southern Las
Villas Province and fighting
had broken out at all points
where the invaders landed.
Exile sources said invasion
beachheadS also we're planted
southeast of Havana and in
extreme eastern and western
Cuba.
Fall of Isle Claimed
The Mexico City agency of
the Cuban Revolutionary Coun-
Gil said this afternoon the
rebels have taken the Isle of
Pines and freed 10000 political
prisoners, who joined the re-
bellion. The agency said it's in
formation came in radio broad
casts from the Isle of Pines.
Other exile sources had said
earlier the island was being at
tackled by five rebel ships.
The agency also said it had
learned that Lazaro Cardenas,
left-leaning former President
of Mexico, was trying to ar
range asylum here for Mr..
Castro. Mr.. Cardenas could not
be reached for comment but
Mr.. CaStro's Ambassador to
Mexico, Jose Antonio Portuon-
do, belittled the report.
IZveStia Accuses Americans
DR.. Jose Miro Cardona, the
rebel leader who broke with Mr..
Castro over Communist influ-
ence in Cuba, issued a state
ment saying the battle had be-
gun to rid Cuba of Mr.. Castros'
"deSpotic rule" and "commu-
niSm's cruel oppression. One
Cuban exile source in the
United States said DR.. Miro
Cardona had left for Cuba but
his public relations chief in
New York denied this.
The Soviet government news
paper IzveStia charged Ameri-
' cans were involved in the &C
ton. 1zveStia declared the Com
muniSt world stands behind
Prime Minister Castro, but it
made no mention of Premier
KhruShchevs' pledge last sum-
mer, later toned down, to sup
port Cuba with rockets if nee
eSSary.
In Guatemala, the govern
ment issued communique
denying any invaders came
from Guatemala. The COM
) munique said the Cuban gov
) ernment's charge was received
See CUBA, Page AS
Evening star., 1961-04-17

sumo the full responsibility for
the dawn landings.
Chief United States Delegate
Adlai E. Stevenson asserted
These charges are totally false
and 1 deny them categorically."
THE United States has not
committed aggression against
Cuba and no aggression has
been launched from any part
Of the United States" he said.
Atmosphere Tense
He added, however, that the
American people Sympathize
with "Cubans who do not stop
being CubanS because they
could not stand to live in
Cuba" under the regime of
Fidel Castro.
The exchange took place in
tense atmosphere. U. N.
security officers had tightened
precautions and carefully
screened visitors, but a brief
disturbance broke out in the
public gallery during Mr..
Stevenson's speech.
One young woman began
shouting, but she was quickly
hustled from the chamber by
alert guards. Mr.. Stevenson
ignored the outburst.
Mr.. Roa declared that Cuba
will fight to the finish against
the invaders.
The Cuban Foreign Minister
concluded his highly emotional
Evening star., 1961-04-17
JuVeniIeCourf
Change OKd
ByHouseU Unit
Davis Plan Makes
1t q Branch of
Municipal Bench
BY GRACE BASSETT
Star Staff Writer

The Districts Juvenile Court
would become a branch of the
Municipal Court. under legis-
lation tentatively approved this
morning by a House District
subcommittee.
One additional Municipal
Court judge would be author
lied to sit on the juvenile bench
upon assignment by the Chief
Municipal Court Judge.
This sweeping reorganization
Of Juvenile Court was expected
to receive favorable considera-
tion by both the House District
Committee and the Senate Dis
trict Committee.
More controversial subcom-
mittee recommendations, deal
ing with the age of Juveniles
committed to Juvenile Court,
probably will run into trouble
IN Ine senate.
Age Change Backed
House subcommittee mem
bers in a closed session today,
agreed that the age limit of
juveniles sent to court should
be reduced from 18 to 16, ac-
cording to Subcommittee Chair
man Davis, Democrat of Geor-
gia.
Further, he said that his sub
committee favored allowing a
Juvenile Court Judge to waive
cases of accused youngsters Is
and over to adult courts.
Youngsters under IS could be
sent before judge of an adult
court if they are accused Of
capital crimes.
Current law permits waivers
of felony cases Of youngsters
over Is.
Chairman Davis said his sub
committee would meet again
before the end of this week to
perfect its legislative proposal.
He hopes to introduce a fresh
Juvenile Court bill as approved
by the subcommittee. This
technique presumably will
speed the measure through the
House District Committee since
Representative Davis and a
substantial number of his sub
committee are senior members
of the parent unit.
Bible Cites Need
In the Senate, District Com
mittee Chairman Bible, Demo-
crat of Nevada, said he would
retain an open mind to the
House approach. Additional ju-
dicial manpower on the juve-
nile bench is "our primary con-
Germ" said Senator Bible, in
dicating that shift of jurisdic-
ton, if otherwise acceptable
could be effectuated if it prom
ised help for the sole Juvenile
Court judge, Orm Ketcham.
The legislation has priority
second only to a revenue bill in
See JUVENILE, Page BIS
Evening star., 1961-04-17
Rusk Denies
Intervention
ByU. S.Force
Calls Island Bottle
One by Cubons for
Own Freedom
BY EARL H. VOSS
Star Staff Writer

Secretary of State Rusk
today characterized the fight
ing in Cuba as "a struggle by
the Cubans for their own free
dom"
Mr.. Rusk told a news con-
ference that there is not and
will not be any intervention
there by United States forces"
He added, however, that there
is no secret about the sympa-
thy of the American people for
those who wish to be free"
The landings there this
morning, the Secretary said,
could not be described as "a
full-scale invasion"
What is going on in Cuba,
he said, is not taking place
from American soil.
Answer Castro Charges
Asked if the United States
Navy were prepared to stop
ornaments from moving to
Cuba, Mr.. RuSk replied there
would be no American inter-
vention in Cuba. Referring to
charges by Cuban Prime Min
lister Castro that the invasion
of the country was inspired by
the United States, the Secre-
tary responded:
( The issue in Cuba is not be-
tween Cuba and the United
States but between the Castro
dictatorship and the Cuban
people. This is not the first
time that dictatorS have at
tempted to blame their troubles
with their own people on for
eignerS. Nor is it the first
time that refugees from tyranny
have attempted to join their
own countrymen to challenge a
diCtatorial regime.
DIR. Castro himself was such
a refugee who attracted much
sympathy and practical sup
port, both inside and outside
Cuba, when it appeared he was
fighting tyranny instead Of
practicing it,"
Emphatic on U. S. Stand
The Secretary was emphatic
in repeatedly denying any
American intention to inter-
vene in Cuba. The President
had made this clear, Mr.. RuSk
said.
The American people are
entitled to know whether we
are intervening in Cuba or in
tend to do so in the future, "
the Secretary said at another
point. The answer to that
question is no. What happens
in Cuba is for the Cuban peo-
pie themselves to decide"
Mr.. Rusk referred to recent
events in Cuba to further dis
orders" and additional land
ingS on the Cuban coast" in
dicating that the serious un-
rest there has been a continuing
phenomena"
Secretary Rusk also had a
word of warning for the Soviet
Union. I'VE are not indiffer-
ent," he said. Ito intrusion into
this hemisphere by the Com
munist conspiracy which, as
recently as December, 1860, de-
clared its intentions to destroy
free institutions in all parts of
the world. We shall work to-
gether with other governments
of this hemisphere to meet
efforts by this conspiracy to
extend its penetration"
Asked specifically what the
United States attitude would
5 be if the Soviet Union went to
Fidel CaStro's aid, Secretary
Rusk replied he did not wish tc
answer a hypothetical question
He also declined to comment
See RUSK, Page At
Evening star., 1961-04-17

Justice Landau repeated, DO
you plead guilty or not guilty?"
Fifteen times Eichmann re-
piled, "in the spirit of the in
dictment, 1 am not guilty"
His voice was firm and low
pitched. He stood stiff-backed,
chin thrust defiantly upward,
looking steadily at Justice
Landau from the prisoners
dock enclosed in sheets of bull
let-proof glass.
A Somber silence hung over
See EICHMANN, Page AS
Evening star., 1961-04-17
BruziI Names Neqro

RIO DE JANEIRO, April II
(AP).-Raimundo Sousa Dan
tas, a member of President
Janio Quadros' staff, has been
nominated as Brazill'S first
Negro ambassador. Mr.. Quad
roS has selected him as am
basSador to Ghana.
Evening star., 1961-04-17
EXPLORER |
WAS u. S. FEAT

THE SPACE QUEST OF America
realized its first reoI victory on
Jonuory 81, 1858, when the Army
placed Explorer in orbit Ground
the earth. Stor Science Writer
WiIlium Hines tells Of this phose
Of mons trek toward the lost from
tier in the second Of his series AS
soult on Spoce" on Pose B-20.
Evening star., 1961-04-17
Crime Drops in India

NEW DELHI, April IT (AP)
The government says India
had $4,000 criminal cases in
1859. a decrease of 5000 COM
pared with 1858.
Evening star., 1961-04-17
Roo Charges Invaders
Took Off From Florida
Cuban Foreign Minister Tells U. N.
Guatemala Also Involved in Action

UNITED NATIONS, N. Y April II (AP).-Cuba charged
today that invasion of Cuba had been launched
Florida and Guatemala with the backing of the United
States The United States replied with immediate denial
Cuban Foreign Minister Raul Roa told the United Ma
tons Political Committee that the United States
Evening star., 1961-04-17
Racing Results
Laurel

SIXTH RACE-Purse, $4,000; claim
'~g, .i-Se@ ! mltt
Mr.. Blues (ShuR go 40 3.20
Clever DutchcSS Church, $50 ,. 10
Andrea Bound tHinOjOsa) 800
Ruth Eaker, Valor Native. LuSty
Andy, Lido Gal, Nstchezs Pride. Time,
LAO.
SEVENTH RACE - Purse, S4,500;
4-year-olds ana up; furlonsS.
A HOney'S Tiger tC'ne) i.6O 300 out
Seven Corners tCh'berS) $40 out
PhaetOn (HinOjOSaD out
a Lord Gregor. Silky-Satin. I'm
Willing. Time. l.l1As.
AM H. SchlosSberg Mrs. W. B.
Dietrich entry.
Evening star., 1961-04-17
Eichmonn Answers
Not Guilty IS Times
BY RELMAN MORN
Associated Press Staff Writer

JERUSALEM, April 17.-Adolph Eichmann grated out
the words mot guilty Is times in court today denying all
counts in ISraelS monumental indictment naming him
the master destroyer of Europe during World War II
The prosecution opening its caSe asserted that Echmann
Evening star., 1961-04-17
Aqueduct

FIFTH RACE-Purse, Si5OO; al
lowanCes: 3-year-olds and up; 6 fur
longs.
Seven Thirty (W'h'e) $40 600 40
Zehenna (ShOemaker) 500 i.1O
PreCOCiOuS Miss (GuStineS) 1.l0
Lemon Souffle, Prize Day, Hasty
Hazel, Flying Shadow, Bully Tale. Noble
Touch Be Ambitious, Blue N yellow.
Time. l:l0.
Dixon entry.
e Widener entry
Evening star., 1961-04-17
Gulfstreum

FOURTH RACE-Purse, $4,000;
claiming; 3-year- -olds; i furlongs
Full O'Pride (Srm'ne) I.6O $50 go
Bully's Girl (Knapp) $50 300
RelIimS Tune (Gilligan) 100
Marchee, Run Gypsy, Carry B.,
Anthony Boy, Our Erin. Last Sweep.
Grand Aura. Fast Talker and Coo De
Guerre. Time, 1:l2B.
Evening star., 1961-04-17
Baseball Today
AMERICAN LEAGUE

AMERICAN LEAGUE
A. New York
Kansas City 900 600 90
New York 2o1 600 o
Walker and sullivan; Ford and Berra
USD, 1 on.
At Boston
Los Angeles 900 600
Boston 600 oo2
Mcbride and RiCei Brewer and NiXOr
Only Games Scheduled
NATIONAL LEAGUE
ST. Louis at Los Angeles, Night
Only Game Scheduled
Evening star., 1961-04-17
MARKETS
AT A GLANCE

NEW YORK, CAP) Stocks
higher, late rally. Bonds mixed;
narrow changes. Cotton higher;
commission house buying.
Standard & Poor'S 5OO-Stock Index
Evening star., 1961-04-17

Late Market News, A-22-23
Evening star., 1961-04-17
THE WEATHER:

District and vicinity-Clear and cool to-
night. low about 38. Mostly sunny and
continued cool tomorrow. High and low of
last "a hours: High, SIS, at 1920 am yes
terday; low, &c. at 4:3O am. today.
Evening star., 1961-04-17
NATIONAL LEAGUE

st. Louis at Los Angeles, Night
Only Game Scheduled
Evening star., 1961-12-03
BY DOLORES PHILLIPS
Contributing Writer

MIDDLEBURG, Va. The
Fauquier Loudoun Clarke
branch of the Arthritis and
Rheumatism Foundation has
invited, by formal invitation,
a good segment of the
countryside to a benefit
showing of The Mouse That
Roared" next Saturday night
at the Middleburg Com
munity Center.
Invited for $50 pm, the
black tie audience is being
given plenty of hourage for
dinner parties before the
showing of this, lone of the
funniest movies that has
come out of Britain" The
committee says that this will
be the first area showing of
the comedy.
Since there are no movies
or theaterS in the little town
of Middleburg, and since the
fox-hunting community is
loath to take to their cars.
after a day behind hounds,
to drive to Washington, Win
Evening star., 1961-12-03
CLRCLING THE COUNTRYSIDE
Movies Come toMidd|eburq

chester or even Purcellville
or Leesburg to a movie, the
benefit showing of 1T h e
Mouse That Roared" has a
point.
Racing Short
In addition to the main
movie, a racing short will be
shown and refreshments"
will be served. All this for
ten dollars a couple or five
stag, with Uncle Sans
blessing. Mrs. Charles Baird
III of Half Way and Mid
dleburg is in charge of
tickets and anyone not on
the invitation list is invited
to the Community Center on
Saturday night.
The same Center has just
been cleared of decorations
from the annual Hill School
dance, given by the PTC for
the benefit of the school on
Friday night. This dance,
patronized by parents of Hill
children, is usually given on
the Friday during Thanks
giving week end but someone
must have gotten through
Evening star., 1961-12-03

to the committee that
enough is enough. 1t was a
tired and strained group of
foxhunters who went out on
Thanksgiving Saturday after
: staying up half the night
for the benefit of their chill
dren.
Real Thrill
At least one of these chill
dren had the thrill of her
life on Thanksgiving day
when fox-hunting with the
Middleburg Hunt. Babeck
McGhee, the George Nc
Ghees' third youngest daugh-
ter of four, got "blooded"
when she was in on a kill.
Some children have been
known not to wash for days
after this event, an honor
bestowed on Babeck a full
week before her fathers
change of status in the De-
partment of State. Nobody
knows which of the two is
more pleased.
Like all good hill-topping
parents, the McGhees fol-
lowed the Middleburg hounds
Evening star., 1961-12-03

as closely as they could by
car, and, with other parents,
got woefully fouled up on
the one-way back roads
around Middleburg. All most
parents saw were other par
ents, going the wrong way,
although Cele McGhee heard
"the tounging of hounds" in
the woods below Freddie
Warburg'S, an expression she
said she picked up in an
18th century sporting book.
Enterprising is the word for
the McGhees.
Cocktails
DR.. and Mrs. Henry Town
send of Marshall gave one
of the largest cocktail parties
of the season on Thanksgiv-
ing Friday, at the Middle
burg Community Center. The
whole ballroom was given
over to their guests. Son
Henry came out from Wash
Evening star., 1961-12-03

ington and entertained a few
of his own friends, includ-
ing Wright Patterson, Don's
son. Wright is editor of a
new Photographic magazine
which he says he is trying
to make the Saturday Re
view of the Photographic
world. Now in the subscrip-
ton stage only, it is, like
TopSy, growing.
Evening star., 1961-12-03
OAR to Hold
Musical Program

Col. John Washington
Chapter of the National So
ciety of Daughters Of the
American Revolution will
meet at 2 pm. Saturday in
the Chenowith room at the
chapter house. The event
will also feature a musical
program.
Evening star., 1961-12-03

Hanging their stockings the chimney with Miss Shopess
daughter Of Mr. and Mrs. Howard Shorpe and Jimmy Londo
Of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas F. Lonsdoe
Friendship Garden Club The theme of this years show which scheduled
Tuesday for Gardens
Village Chrimo The stockings "Chdrens Day
Christmas Market" Glass;
Evening star., 1961-12-03

Separates thot odd up to wonderful, weor-
able wardrobe plan for festive occasions and
sunny vacations!
A Jeweled Sweoter Of Orion ocrykc, pink,
white, black, "a to 40, ST. 80; goes with
black points, all wool sIeekIy knitted, 10 to
l8, Sl4.99
Cashmere Sweater Twins, flower printed cordi-
gan, 5000, sleeveless she'll, "a to 40,
Sl999; go with wool flannel skirt, $l9e9,
10 to s; in luscious eoIors-rose, oquo white
Evening star., 1961-12-03

New sanssa1n!s by y6uthcraft
the bra with soft nodded oce-no puckerne show
thru guaranteed to keep its perfect shape otter endless woshne
ot eo elastic comfort band with low bock natural pt
81 to 36 and B, S3o5.
Also contoured 32-36 and B. S5.
JeneHs Shop, second floor, JnH
Kodiak mirror., 1961-03-17

8::30-What's My Line 3:56-News On Tape 9:00-Pyramid Playhouse
 Thursday 5:30-The Storybook 6:00-Death Valley Days 6:30-The Real McCoys 7:O0-News Of The Day 7:15-Americans At Work 7::30-Highway Patrol 8:00-Ed Sullivan 8:52-News On Tape 9:00-Dinah Shore
 Friday 5:30-To Tell The Truth 6:00-Star Performance 6:30-The Unexpected 7:OO-News Of The Day 7:15-Industry On Parade
Kodiak mirror., 1961-03-17
ICBM FILM SHOWN

A film on the ICBM missile, which dealt with the Pacific mis- sile range at Point Magoo, was shown at the Rotary Club lunch con meeting in the 49 Room Tues day noon.
 Guests at the meeting were Ut. L. Holmes of the Salvation Army and Col. Perry Loomer.