davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-12-15

Inc Misrepresentation OF
phony liberal opinion dis
guised as fact practiced by
far too much of the journal
istic society these days de-
mands an answer. Much is
read and heard recently about
white mercenaries in Katan-
ga. What are the Swedes and
Irish in the Congo, not to
mention the Indians? Are
they being paid to defend
Sweden, Ireland and India
by fighting on the side of the
pro Communist CongoleSe?
Are they any less mercenaries
because they are hired by the
U. N? Have the people of
, Katanga any less right to
foreign mercenaries than the
Congolese? What a farce to
expect Katanga TO accept
such a U. N. demand! This
is tantamount to accepting
your enemies denial of your
right to defend yourself along
with the declaration of his
intention to destroy you. Let
it be said for the mercenaries
in Katanga that they have
demonstrated far greater con-
troll over their troops than
has the U. N. over the mu-
tinouS Congolese.
Is aggression not aggression
when committed by foreign
soldiers in the name of the
U. N? If the so called World
Peace Organization can send
SwedeS and Irish to force
Katanga into the pro-Com-
muniSt Congolese camp by
an act of war. what is to
prevent the same organiza-
ton from deciding the future
of any country? When the
day comes, and it surely will,
that enough Communist votes
can be mustered in the U.N.
to pass resolutions detri-
mental to the national Sc
curity interests of the United
States, what then? The whole
fiasco stinks to high heaven
and some in the American
public are not so gullible
and stupid that they cannot
see the end of the not-so-
long liberal road" The Star
is to be congratulated for
presenting the public with
objective fact instead of
biased opinion.
w. d. LangstOn.
4 \ \
The negative reactions by
Evening star., 1961-12-15

Goan, MoSlem Goan, and
Christian Goan are cordial
to one another in both pub
lie life and private. in a man
ner that many other parts
of the world would do well
to initiate.
1t would be a tragic thing
for the happy tolerance that
the Goans have known for
so long to be replaced by the
Semi-o f ficial intolerance
practiced in India where
Christian missionaries are
operating under ever increaS-
ing harassment. In evaluat-
ing the Goan situation, all
OF those interested in reli-
gious liberation, the brother
hood of man, and the Cold
en- Rule" would do we'll to
consider these facts.
George o. Fowler.
Goa is not the first (nor
will it be the last) territory
demanded by Nehru. There
was Junagadh which voted to
join Pakistan when the Brit
ish left. but Nehru's troopers
swiftly dealt with that. Then
there was Hyderabad which
wanted to be independent.
But Nehru said Hyderabad
posed a threat" to Indian
security and sent his troopers
in. The atrocities committed
by the Indian Army are re-
corded in the Indian press it
self. According to reports ap-
pearing in that press, bodies
of those opposing the forceful
annexation of Hyderabad
were found on the streets and
hanging from trees eight
days after the end of the in
vaSion. The story of Kashmir
is we'll known.
And now Nehru tells the
world that tiny Goa threat
ems" India's security. Who
will be next? Ceylon? Bur-
ma? Pakistan? When will
Nehru say: 1--WE have no fur
ther territorial demands in
Asia? Allan H. Ryskind.
4 Il \
There seems to be consid-
cradle confusion about which
side America should take in
Evening star., 1961-12-15
Nigerio's Promise

Against the sometimes perplexing
background of our policy positions to-
ward African nationaliSm and toward
foreign aid anywhere, it is relatively
easy to express approval of the an
nouncement that our Government is
prepared to lend or grant $225 million
to Nigeria during the next five years.
For in this case, the nation to be
favored has shown certain deserving
qualifications and an accompanying
promise that investment in it's future
will bring worthwhile returns 1t was
more than three years ago that this
largest of Britain'S African colonial
territories accepted an offer of indie
pendence within the British Common
wealth and the period of transition
has been an orderly and constructive
one. The status of independence was
achieved in October, 1860, and neither
before nor since has the country been
plagued by the political convulsions
and extremism that have afflicted
some of its West and Central African
neighbors.
Our own Governments decision to
offer this substantial amount of assist
ance was based not only upon Niger
las record during this transition period,
but upon the studies of special Amer
lean economic mission which has been
on the scene in recent months. This
mission has reported itself impressed
by the way and the extent in which
Nigeria has mobilized and committed
it's own resources to development, by
it's ability to absorb foreign aid and
by "the sense of social justice" that
is evident in Nigerian planning.
In it's own construction of foreign
policy Nigeria declined association with
the so-called neutralist (but so often
antiWestern) bloc represented at the
Belgrade conference few months ago.
1t has not Joined those who complain
of Western imperialism" but find no
fault with Communist tyranny. 1t has,
instead, spoken in voice of restraint
on world affairs Of both the past and
the present. Along with this temper
of moderation, Nigeria has great assets
Evening star., 1961-12-15

sympathy for the Nazis and,
after 1899, a sincere desire to
help Germany win the war,
there were hundreds who Just
wanted to leave a strange
country and regain the
warmth and familiarity of a
now prosperous homeland"
Nevertheless, the men were
finally selected. put through
a rigorous course of train
ing in sabotage, and event.
ually landed on the Ameri-
can coast.
The first group came
ashore on Long Island, and
within a few minutes en-
countered Coast Guardsman
John C. Cullen, a single, un-
armed man. patroling the
beach. Cullen pretended to
accept a bribe, got away, re-
ported the men, and the hunt
was on.
1t ended a few days later
when George Dasch, the
leader of the Long Island
group, turned himself in, an
act for which there are many
possible explanations but no
sure one. No damage had been
done, not one single act of
sabotage perpetrated. 1t was
all over but the trial.
EUGENE RACHLIS, a free
lance writer who has been
on the editorial staffs of the
New York Times Magazine
and Golfers among others,
takes us through the events
before and after the landings
with dispatch and clarity,
and in so far as possible,
tells us about the earlier his
tory of the saboteurs and their
mentors.
Despite the search for re-
cruits who were not misfits,
the mission failed largely be-
cause of inadequate atten-
tion to psychological selection
and training. The men were
expert in every aspect of sab
otage but thoroughly unpre-
pared to be alone in the
large cities of the East coast
with only a monstrous secret
for company. While Dasch
was the only member of the
group who actually confessed
to American authorities, each
man was guilty of an elemen-
tary violation of security,
and all of these violations re-
suited from psychological
pressure.
This half-forgotten story
from World War II is prob
ably an insignificant piece Of
history, except of course, for
the Supreme Court decision,
but it is exciting. And though
the events we're serious at
the time. they are now far
enough away so that their
recounting is entertaining.
Evening star., 1961-12-15
Little Goo's Adoption by Mother India

Mr.. Nehru is a good and
just defender of peace and
the determination of ma
tions.
He is going to liberate the
people of Goa, the tiny Por-
.tuguese enclave which is set
like a. precious jewel in the
western coast of giant India.
This is good. After liber-
alton, the people of Goa will
likely be able to enjoy the
blessings of illiteracy. relig-
ious prejudice, poverty and
racial discrimination now en-
joyed by the people of India,
and which have been un-
known to the Goanese for
many years.
1t is likely, of course, that
a few people will be killed
in the process of liberation
and enlightenment, but that
can't be helped.
AS another great Liberia
tor" once pointed out, You
can't make an omelette with
out breaking eggs"
Have a tasty breakfast,
Mr.. Nehru.
Neil Phelps -MunsOn.
4 X X y
Most Goans are Christian.
Religious toleration in India
has improved somewhat from
the days Immediately follow
ing the departure of the Brit
ish when hordes of Hindus
ran wild through the streets
butchering hundreds of
thousands of Moslem men,
women and children. In this
way, the Hindus of India
eliminated their minority.
problem.
But the Hindu Goan is
Goan first and then Hindu.
He does not in his heart re-
gard his Christian or Mos
lem neighbor as a stranger
to be despiSed, as does the
Hindu of India. 1t is
an amazing characteristic of
Goan life, that as keenly re-
ligious as the Goans are,
they heartily respect their
neighbours creed, whatever it
may be. There are no
anathemas, no offenses, no
Sights. no comparisons. and
no determinations. Hindu
Evening star., 1961-12-15

the case Of Mr.. Nehru versus
the people of Goa.
Actually, the decision
should be quite simple. The
people of Goa are Portuguese
and have been since 1910.
They would like to stay that
way. But Portugal is only a
NATO ally and India is a
neutral nation that usually
votes against us in the U. N.
(The recently quoted record
is 6 votes for us and SO votes
against us by India.)
Therefore, we must side
with India. 1t is really quite
logical. Since Portugal is OBJ
viouSly ION our side" as she
harbors many of our impor-
tant military installations, it
really doesn't matter what we
do to her. But one day, neu-
tral India might favor us
with smile so we must do
everything possible to make
her happy.
In case this kind Of "dou-
ble-think" bothers you. re-
read George Orwell's 1884"
or any handy piece of litter
ature" put out by the State
Department.
Richard w. Schlecht.
With all the talk of Goa
in the news these days, many
American Catholics may be
interested to learn that this
tiny enclave on the west coast
of India is the last resting
place of st. Francis Xavier,
whose tomb receives much
attention from the local pop
ulation, which is mainly
Catholic.
When the British left In
dia shortly after World War
II, there was a great deal of
desecration of Christian and
Moslem shrineS by the Hin
du population. 1t is to be sin
cerely hoped that, should Mr..
Nehru'S government take over
Goa, there will be no such
barbarism committed at the
shrine of st. Francis. I am
sure all those interested in
st. Francis will pray for a
happy solution to this situa-
ton. Wynn Canwell.
Evening star., 1961-12-15
LETTERS TO THE STAR
u. Ms Aggressive Role in Kotonqo

which is accepted by United
States banks.
The statement that really
dumfounded me was:
The Soviet bloc-long
looking for inroads into the
Congo - has supported the
United Nations action, but
has been stymied so far by
the United States support of
the U. N. This prevents the
Russians from claiming that
they alone support the will
of the Congolese people to
rid themselves of the capi-
taliSts in Katanga."
Who has determined what
the will of the Congolese
people" is? Could it possibly
have been the African expert
"Soapy" Williams on one of
his flying visits?
Robert S. Townsend.
The writer of the Sunday
editorial section article, "U.N.
Leading From Strength, ="
CWilliam R. Frye, who re-
ports from the U. M
adopts the same attitude as
our State Department Off
cials, and many others here
in America. All of them seem
unable to understand that
the natives in the Congo are
not a homogeneous group of
people; that they have no
common language except
those who have been edu-
Gated under the Belgians.
Nor do our people under
stand that there are more
than 200 tribes in the Bel
gian Congo. some black, some
brown, some almost white;
that several of the tribes were
cannibals; that they have
had tribal wars for hundreds
of years; and that some of
them are bush pygmies and
others are giants. Some are
intelligent enough to secure
an education; others are un-
able to understand anything
but their own language,
which may be grunts and
other sounds.
In attempting to subdue Ka-
tanga and make it subservi-
ent to officials who have no
ability to unite the tribes, it
seems to me that the U. N.
is departing from its proper
area.
Charles Coulter.
Evening star., 1961-12-15

some OF your readers to the
Congo affair misses the point
that the United Nations, for
the first time in history. has
attempted to create a govern
ment out of political chaos.
Also, for the first time in
history, the international
body has uSurped, to some
degree, the national integ-
rity of a country. In the
minds of many Americans.
the aggrandiZement of the
U. N. means a diminution
of national power.
Historical perspective
comes into play in the Congo
events. The demise of the
League of Nations can be
placed squarely upon the in
ept actions of the League
during the Ethiopian crisis.
Neither France nor Great
Britain hurried to punish the
invader: and consequently.
the League collapsed. The
present-day officers Of the
U. N. fully appreciate the
history of the League, and
they wish to avoid the mis-
takes of their predecessor.
The war in the Congo rep
resents a conflict between
strict nationalism and in
ternational law. Interna-
tional law must prevail.
VIM. nj. Sprecher.
- -
Your Perspective" on Ka-
tanga in The Sunday Star is
that of one sitting in a deep
hole in the ground.
Nowhere do you mention
that Noise Tshombe is a pro-
Western, anti Communist
Christian. Nor the fact that
Lumumba and Gizenga have
been called "cadre Com
munists" by Senator Thomas
Dodd. You pay no heed to
the typical Communist ma
neuver of placing one of their
men in the position of minis
ter of the interior in a coali-
ton government, as has hap
pened in the Central Congo
leSe cabinet. The minister
of the interior controls the
police. who in turn control
the people.
You say that mo nation
would recognize this in
dependent" state CKatanga) .
You do not mention that Ka-
tanga has its own currency
Evening star., 1961-12-15
WATCHING THE WORLD
By CROSBY S. MOVES .
frank Discussion Aiding NATO?
PARIS.
Foreign Correspondent Of The Stor

PARIS.
This is perhaps the wrong
season for cynicism or a
questioning Of sacred prin-
ciples. Yet 1t is hard for any,
one to look dispassionately
on the state of the Western
alliance today without ques-
tioning what is among the
allies the most sacred prin-
ciple of all-the value of
what official communiques
always describe as free and
frank discussion"
Indeed, in the midst of yet
another annual NATO meet
ing one is moved to wonder
If this principle of consulta-
ton among allies is, after all,
everything that it's cracked
up to be. So far as anyone
can see theYe has never been
a time when consultation be-
tween the Western powers
was more free or frank. And
there has never been a time
either when bad temper, i'm
patience and a general diVi-
sion Of purpose and direction
have been more glaringly
apparent in the bosom of the
alliance.
1t isn't supposed to work
this way, of course. For years
some of the worlds most
eminent statesmen have been
assuring us that there is no
problem tn at cannot be
solved by talk. 1t is all, it
seems, a question of the
basic unity Of purpose. If
men of good will and COM
mon ideals will only confer
long enough a meeting of the
minds is bound to occur.
In Complete Disagreement
Alas-or as President de
Gaulle would put it, HeldS!-
the result demonstrated here
over the last few days has
been almost diametrically
contrary. The statesme e n,
heaven knows, have con-
suited. They have laid bare
their innermost convictions
on some of the most urgent
and vital problems facing the
alliance. They have talked of
their common ideals and
identical long-range goals.
And in the end they have
arrived at a disagreement so
complete as to make any
reasonable person wonder
where the value of the exer-
else may lie.
There have been and still
are three dominant questions
before the assembled NATO
ministers: What to do about
Berlin? What to do about
the Congo? What to do about
the obvious need of NATO
to beef up it's military
strength in the face of the
imminent Soviet threat?
On all three of these ques-
tions the consultative process
and the will of a majority
Of the nations represented
here-has been flagrantly
abused. On Berlin the argu-
ments Of a majority in favor
Of early negotiations have run
into the unyielding will OF
Gen. de Gaulle to prevent
them. On the Congo the
United States has pleaded in
vain to an unsympathetic au-
dience for support of the
United Nations in settling
the problem of Katanga. On
Evening star., 1961-12-15

the question Of military goals
there is at least some measure
of agreement: Everyone is
for increased strength, pro-
vided that someone else sup
plies it. 49,
Three Approaches
From this rather dismal
pattern, three different ap-
proaches to the question of
consultation among the allies
also have emerged. And
though they are shared in
greater or lesser degree among
all members of the alliance,
they can be called, for con-
venience, the American,
French and British ap-
proaches.
The Americans in their
endearing innocence-look on
consultation as a means of
getting things done. They
come to these meetings ap-
parently in the genuine hope
that they can persuade their
partners of the wisdom of one
course as opposed to another
or the Importance of a great
er effort on the part of their
allies in reaching the com
mon goal" They come pre-
pared with lengthy position
papers" and other inStru-
ments of diplomatic persua-
sion which never in the final
analysis seem to have quite
the expected results.
The French, for their part,
insist on the consultative
process as a means of hav-
ing a chance to say mo"
to something of which they
don't approve. This has been a
favorite device of Gen. de
Gaulle since the early days
of World War II. In his
memories he has m ade it
clear that had he had the
chance he would have said
mo" to almost every major
decision taken by the Allies
from Dunkirk to Yalta. And
since his return to power he
has made every effort to in
sure the veto power of
France over every important
question of policy confront
ing the alliance.
The British-whether they
are dealing with their allies or
with the Russians-consider
consultation as an alterna-
tive to action. When it
comes to Berlin they would
rather talk than fight. And
when it comes to NATO
they would rather consult
than rearm. OF all the part
ners, the British undoubtedly
are the most amiable about
the whole thing except. in
rare cases when someone
tries to make them stop talk
ing and do something. Which
may be one reason why
British tempers are among
the most strained at the
present meeting.
Taken together, III e S e
three different approaches
to the business of consulta-
ton add up to a problem
for NATO that deserves more
study than it has so far re-
ceivcd. 1t is time to get rid
of the happy illusion that
discussion for its own sake
is a virtue and to recognize
the different motives which
underly the universal lip
service rendered to these null
tiplying international CAB
tests.
Evening star., 1961-12-15
A BOOK FOR TODAY
NoziSoboteurs FoiIedinU.S. Mission
By DONALD MINTZ

THEY CAME TO KILL. by
Eugene Rachlis. (Ran-
dom House, 3O6pp., illus,
$4.95.)
On August 8, 1912, the
White House issued a brief
announcement. 1t read in
part; "The President COM
pleted his review of the find
ings and sentence of the
military commission =. which
tried the eight Nazi saboteurs
-. The electrocutions began
at noon today. Six of the pris-
oners were electrocuted. The
other two confined to prison.
The record in all eight cases
will be sealed until the>end of
the war"
Thus ended the story of
the eight Nazis who landed
in two groups of four men,
one on Long Island, the other
in Florida. Their mission was
to sabotage important indus
trial and transportation in
Stallations in the eastern half
of the United States.
Whether the trial record
has now finally been unsealed
or whether Mr.. Rachlis had
special access to it. is not
clear. In any case, this rec
ord is the main source for
They Came to Kill"
The long and detailed trial
occupies half the book. There
was a serious question about
the propriety of the commits
sion and about President
Roosevelt's specific instruc-
ton that the commission ad-
NIT all evidence that had
"probative value to a reason
able man" The Supreme
Court upheld the Presidents
right to order trial by COM
mission, and therefore i'm
plicitly accepted the commits
sion's rules of procedure.
THE DECISION is indirect
ly responsible for the wealth
Of detail we now read about
these eight men, their lives
and their motives, for a mar
rover rule of evidence would
have excluded many of the
digressions and all of the
hearsay.
All eight had lived in the
United States. They were to
live as American civilians
while carrying out their NaZi
mission, and a detailed and
natural knowledge of Ameri-
can life and customs was in
dispensable. Such men were
not easy for the inventor of
the scheme to find for many
Germans had left the United
States simply because they
were misfits, which made
them useless for this opera
ton. For every one who came
back because Of a strong
Evening star., 1961-12-15

In people and raw materials. Our
promise of aid, beyond $45 million to
be made available during the current
fiscal year, is dependent upon con-
tinuing wise utilization of all of these
resources. The prospect is a good one.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1961-10-15
WOrId'S Most Modern
Research From Veterinary Lab
Will Reduce Livestock Losses

of small test herds of fIocks can be
held.
Doors to isolation rooms are steel,
and each room has individual feed bins
and showers for workers. Each re-
search unit has a central corridor and
overhead mon0rail that leads to the
post mortem rooms and the incinerators
in the center of the buildings. The in
cinerators have capacity of 1000
pounds per hour, and all animals are
disposed OF at the end of an experiment.
The corridor where carcasses are
moved to the post mortem room and
incinerator is sterilized each time it
is used.
Disease-free animals are used in re-
search at the Ames laboratory, raised
from disease-free flocks and herds
which have been maintained at Belts
vile for as long as 80 years. Some
animals are purchased from CONNER
cial breeders who provide uniform,
high-quality disease-free stock.
TO maintain absolutely sterile condi-
tions within the plant the air condition