davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-09-19
What Role for u. N. in Conqo?

cenaries" participated te d.
Doubtless there are some
former Belgian officers who
we're acquainted intimately
with the Congo and who are
risking their lives to back
President Tshombe of Ka-
tanga.
The United Nations didn't
concern itself with the theft
Of property from owners who
had developed the mines
with borrowed capital. The
U.N. seems to be swayed by
the emotional outbursts
about "colonialism' which
unhappily takes no account
of the lack Of training of
alf-civilized peoples to set
up a government that will
protect individual rights.
It looks now as if the U.N.
will have to take a second
look at recent events. Is it
to be a superstate? If so, the
Communists are prepared to
take control of the whole
U.N. organization. They have
for the last few years infil-
trated Africa and have man
aged to corral a lot of the
votes of the African states
recently admitted to the U.N.
which call themselves mon
aligned"
1t is a sad period for the
Western governments which
not only believe in but prac-
tice democracy, and this
means they respect property
rights as well as human
rights.
The Congo mess is the re-
suit of a failure to adhere to
basic principles - to insist
that self-government shall
not be granted to colonies"
that are unable to govern
themselves, and to make sure
that when "colonialism" is
abolished there is a real re-
gard for property as well as
human rights. The Congo
isn't ready as yet for self
government, but inasmuch as
the Belgian government has
withdrawn of its own accord,
it is up to the Congolese to
fight their own battles. If
the U.N. has any function
there, it is to keep meddling
foreigners out-including the
Communists.
(copyright. 1851
Evening star., 1961-09-19

ROME, Italy.-Italian and
other diplomatic circles are
buzzing with talk about the
new feelers put out by Mos
COW for Berlin negotiations.
They are to the effect that
a settlement Of the present
crisis could be achieved by re-
uniting East and West Berlin
and making the integrated
city the headquarters of the
United Nations.
The feelers have come
through Yugoslav diplomats
who have dropped more than
casual remarks that such a
solution might be acceptable
to Nikita Khrushchev if in
itiated by President Kennedy.
The diplomats even limited
that the idea was not theirs
but came from one Of the
most interested parties in the
conflict. And since it is
highly improbable that the
West would try to use Yugo-
slavia as a broker it is logi-
cal to assume that the hints
come in a devious manner
from the Kremlin.
This may be one Of the
facets of Mr.. Khrushchev's
cold war strategy. Once he
got some indirect commit
ments from Washington that
such a solution might be ac-
ceptable he might decide that
only one or two streets of
East Berlin should be in
cluded in the integration.
Western diplomats are sus-
picious of the new line. They
point out that the Red dicta-
tor has pledged himself firmly
to recognize the East German
puppet government as a SOW
ereign satellite. Thus he
could not perform such a
drastic reversal as integral
ing the eastern portion Of
Berlin into a free U.N. city
without losing face. He has
said several times that he
would like West Berlin to be-
come a free city and also the
headquarters of the U.N., but
he has never even hinted that
he was willing to throw in
East Berlin for good measure.
Despite the Skepticism with
which these feelers have been
received in most diplomatic
quarters, there are a few
Western diplomats who are
willing to "buy" this Yugo-
slav approach. The belief of
those who say that "there
may be something in this"
is predicated on their as
sumption that Mr.. Khru-
Evening star., 1961-09-19
Khrushchev Hand and Trickey Is Seen
In Talk of United Berlin as u. NJ. Site

shchev is beginning to feel
that he has gone too far.
The blitz which Mr.. Khru-
Shchev started in June has
produced a contrary effect
to what he expected, partic-
ularly in the United States.
American public opinion, he
knows by now, is definitely
opposed to anything which
may even vaguely smack of
surrender. And the executive
branch. he also knows, can
not either ignore or deceive
public opinion. The days Of
executive agreements, such as
those reached at Teheran and
Yalta, are now over.
At the same time, accord
ing to reliable reports received
here and in other Western
capitals, conditions in the
USSR are not exactly ideal
since it has begun to per-
colate to the slaves of the
Kremlin that they would suf-
fer seriously in the event of
conflict with the West. And
making the situation in the
USSR more delicate than it
appears on the surface, say
these reports, is the deter
mined opposition of the Pol
ish and Hungarian people to
a war with the West. So long
as the cold war was waged
on the old pattern the Com
munist leaders, backed by the
secret police, were able to
stifle all popular noises.
But the situation is chang
ing since it appears that the
peoples behind the Iron Cur
tain are faced with the real
thing. There is no doubt that
Mr.. KhruShchev remembers
that when the Germans were
at the gates of Moscow in
194l the Moscow NKVD
went underground and
changed into civilian clothes
to escape the ugly mood of
the Russian citizenry. Those
who firmly believe in the
weakness of Mr.. Xhru-
shchev's position at home
and in the satellite countries
point to the possibility of the
same situation now. 1t is an
Evening star., 1961-09-19
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

The United Nations for another session. Motto
United we're bland divided brawl.
MOSCOW conversations 1van-"The West doesn't have
chance" Gregorovch behind We reached that
point years ago."
One of troubles may be President Kennedys rapid
reading talents In the old days, problems
veoped into crises because leaders heard
Major commercial lines lost $13 million this year.
It's common complaint of middle age-the receding air
line,
After the team drops string Of games, they're calling
the Washington Redskins pro footballs Peace Corps
One company has decided there's really no protection
against some kinds of falout Every morning
dred workers fall out for the daily coffee break
Evening star., 1961-09-19
The
to invest
in stocks & bonds

Lots OF people these days are planning to become in
vestors for the first time. If you of them we'd
like to recommend four steps to follow.
STEP ONE: Choose your broker with care. Many an
unwary investor has regretted buying worthless stock
from stranger who delivered hgh-pressure sales
talk the telephone You'll be wise to visit nearby
Member Firm of the New York Stock Exchange. Every
Registered Representative there has met the Ex-
changes qualifications for knowledge of investing He's
not infallibe-no is. But he help you choose
sensibly from a wide variety of good securities.
STEP TWO: Follow these wise rules for investing Use
only money you don't need for living expenses or eer-
gences And invest the basis of facts-never on tips
or rumors. You'll be wise to consider bonds too, for
their prices and income are normally more stable and
may fit your situation. You expect the price of
both stocks and bonds to go down well as up And
a company may run into trouble and stop paying a
dividend interest. You'll want to consider those with
good records and those that appear to have the best
prospects.
STEP THREE: Ask yourself this question: Which is
most important to me-future growth, present income
or safety OF principal? Some companies may pay rela
lively high dividends. Others may pour back more of
their profits in expansion leaving less (perhaps moth
ing) available for dividends. Bonds usually provide
stable income and greater safety of principal.
STEP FOUR Send the coupon below for DIVIDENDS
OVER THE YEARS." This free booklet is packed with
valuable information You'll find the records of some
470 stocks that have paid cash dividend every year
for rs years And description of the Monthly
Investment Plan through which you acquire stock
in famous companies by investing with little as $40
every three months much $1,000 month
Send the coupon before you forget
Evening star., 1961-09-19
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Soviet FeeIers for Negotiations

ominous indication that since
the erection of the Berlin wall
more than 100 East German
police have fled to the West.
The number of officers and
privates of the East German
army who have done the
same thing is still not avail
able. But according to know
ing sources there have been
many of that privileged class
who fled East Germany.
The only positive news per-
mitted to come out of Poland
is that there is something of
a panic among the people
at the prospect of another
war. But reliable reports say
there is much more than that
in both Poland and Hungary
the highly strategic loca-
tions for operations of the
Red armies in a conventional
war.
All these facts, restlessness
in the USSR, fear of war and
hatred Of the present servi-
tude by the peoples of Poland
and Hungary add up, say the
optimistS who believe Mr..
Khrushchev has gone too far,
to the Kremlin boss trying
to find a way out. OutWardly
he remains the same deter
mined man who wants nego-
tiationS and a solution to the
Berlin crisis cnly on his own
terms. But he is shrewd
enough to recognize that he
is in real trouble. Hence, the
not so subtle Yugoslav ap-
proach about a united Berlin.
capital of the U.N., as the
one solution of the present
world crisis.
Evening star., 1961-09-19

States, particularly when this
policy includes a film that is
classified as an official docu-
ment of the United States
Congress"
LAS matters now stand" he
concluded, mo military man
interested in furthering his Ca
reer dares speak on the subject
of international communism
and its threat to our national
security"
The Air Force is preparing a
detailed reply to the Congress-
man and the Reserve Officers
Association.
Evening star., 1961-09-19

action was a form of censor
ship.
Mr.. Pelly told Mr.. Zuckert
that the Air Force position on
the film could be paraphrased
as saying, use any of these
anti-C Communist films at your
own risk. Heaven help you if
you do"
1T is my personal view" Mr.
Pelly said, that the Depart
ment of Defense policy in BAN
ming or limiting anti Commu-
mist films of this nature is
deplorable and inimical to the
internal welfare of the United
Evening star., 1961-09-19
AT Admits DiscipIining
Of2in Showing of Film

tion film. The foregoing is not
to be construed as a ban on
the showing of the film and it
will continue to be stocked
for internal use only on an
on CALI basis for voluntary
viewing"
Maj. Cooper, according to
the Air Force spokesman, said
he had read the directive but
showed the film anyhow to
reserve officers on April II and
18. After an investigation, he
was relieved of his duties on
June IL, Maj. Cooper is a re-
Evening star., 1961-09-19
Failure to Keep to Its True Function
Blamed for Hommorskiold Death

Belgian sovereignty has not
emerged.
But if there is danger Of
an attack by the Leopold
vile government on Ka-
tanga, it seems odd to attack
Katanga to prevent civil
war. The argument is, pre-
sumably, that for the legal
government to march
against a dissident province
is not civil war, but for the
province to resist is. -.
THE United Nations action
in Katanga looks more like
the enforcement of a settle
ment Of Congolese political
differences than a simple
averting of strife"
So it is apparent that the
late Secretary General inter-
preted in his own way the
meaning of the resolution
passed by the U. N. Security
Council. His purpose was to
bring peace by personal ne
gotiation, but he ran UP
against the bitter opposition
of those inside the Congo
who simply would not lay
down before the Commun-
lists.
The Congolese government
is today suspect. Senator
Dodd of Connecticut, Demo-
crat, in an impressive speech
in the Senate last Saturday,
pointed to the Communist
leaders inside the Congo cab
met and warned against the
so-called coalition" govern
ment which the Communists
sooner or later are expected
to take over. He gave name
after name of Communists
who are cabinet ministers in
the Congo government today.
Small wonder that in Ka-
tanga province, where the
last stand of the anti-Com-
munists is being made in the
Congo, they have felt hostile
to Secretary General Ham
marskjold and the U. N.
troops. Since many millions
of dollars of valuable pro-
perty are involved - the
mines in the Congo are fabu-
lousy rich-there was bound
to be a countermove in
which, as reported from
Katanga, many white mer-
Evening star., 1961-09-19
DAVID LAWRENCE

The tragedy Of Dag Ham
marskjold's death is not just
the loss of a man dedicated
to the cause of world peace
but the failure Of the United
Nations to confine itself to
its true function instead of
meddling in the internal
affairs Of countries aspiring
in their own evolutionary way
to achieve independence.
The Secretary General, who
was killed in an airplane
crash, conceived it to be his
duty to impose peace in the
Congo. He would not have
sought to do the same inside
the two Germanys or inside
Hungary. But he saw the
United Nations as a kind of
superState and felt that,
when the U. N. passed a
resolution and sent him to a
troubled area. this would be
enough to cause the warning
factions to lay down their
arms.
Noble as was his purpose,
the fact remains that the
right Of a people to rebel
against their own rulers and
to determine their own des-
tiny has long been imbedded
in international law as a
basic principle.
The London Times a few
days ago put its finger on the
root Of the difficulty in the
Congo. First it quoted from
the resolution Of July IA,
1860. when the United
Nations authorized the Sec
retary General to consult
with the government in" the
Congo and provide it with
such military assistance as
may be necessary until .
the national security forces
may be able, in the opinion Of
the government, to meet
fully their tasks" Then the
Times says:
"Katanga bears most of
the marks of a state as under
stood in international law.
BY traditional standards
Katanga seemed a viable
state when the rest of the
Congo was a vacuum, and a
legitimate successor state to
Evening star., 1961-09-19

An official Air Force spokes-
man confirmed today that two
officers were disciplined and
relieved from their jobs after
the showing of the controver-
sial film Operation Abolition"
at a reserve officers meeting.
1t. Col. Fred w. Holbein,
commanding officer of the
264Sth Air Reserve Center,
Seattle, Wash, was found
derelict in his duty in failing
to exercise proper command
supervision" a spokesman said.
Maj. Bob E. Cooper, director
of training for the center, was
given "an administrative repri-
mand," spokesman said, "for
wilfully failing to obey an Of
ficial Air Force directive"
Queried by Lawmakers
Several Congressman and the
Reserve Officers Association
had asked Secretary Of the Air
Force Zuckert to explain the
punishment Of the two men.
Representative Pelly, Republic
can of Washington, told Mr..
Zuckert in a letter that "only
public exoneration and immedi-
ate reinstatement to duty" OF
both officers "can wipe the
slate clean"
Senator Thurmond, Demo-
crat of South Carolina, cited
the case on the Senate floor
yesterday as an example of
Pentagon censorship of state
ments by outspoken "anti-
Communist" officers.
The film describes alleged
Communist infiltration of a
West Coast group that was
protesting the action Of the
House Un-American Activities
Committee. Officers in all
three services had shown the
film in various gatherings be-
fore partial ban was ordered
last April.
Evening star., 1961-09-19
The AT Directive

The Air Force directive to it's
units said, Effective immedi-
ately. the film Operation Aboli-
ton will not be shown during
training hours or as a pre-
scribed training or informa-
Evening star., 1961-09-19

servist on active duty. Col
Holbein was relieved, the Air
Force said, because of his over
all responsibility for the in.
cident. He was a regular Off
Ger, but he had applied fol
retirement from the Air Force.
The Air Force said the film
was shown at official training
sessions. Mr.. Pelly said the
showing was for reservists only
was requested by the member.
of the unit. and was shown al
a "corollary, and not a manda.
tory meeting"
Charge Censorship
The Air Force said the Off
GERS disobeyed orders and tha'
the nature of the film was not
at issue. Senator ThurmonC
and others, however, say the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-04-16
By FRANK JUDGE

puts on its
best acting performances
of the year Monday night,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-04-16
100 Million
to See and Hear
Academy Show

By FRANK JUDGE
N@ OLLYWOOD puts on its
best acting performances
of the year Monday night
Actresses will hide their bitter dis
appointment and smile with great
conviction. Actors will accept their
long campaigned-for awards with
great modesty and thank everybody
but the parking lot attendant for
making it all possible.
It's Oscar Night in Hollywood.
The show will start at lO:3 30 pm.
and last until emcee Bob Hope and his
presenters run out of Oscars around
midnight.
An estimated broadcasting audi
ence of 100 milIion-7O million of them
TV viewerS-will see and hear the
show. ABC is carrying it on TV and
radio and feeding its COverage to the
Canadian Broadcasting Co.
For the first time, Oscar Night
will not actually originate in Holly
wood. Because Hollywood's RKO
Pantages Theater is tied up with a
special movie, the Oscar ceremonies
have been moved to the Santa Monica
Civic Auditorium.
Prominent among the candidates
for best actress" and best actor"
award are Elizabeth Taylor for her
role in "Butterfied 8" and Jack Lem
mon for his work in The Apart
Like Lennon, Elizabeth Taylor
oIso is moking a bid for q top
Oscar award for her perform
once in 'BUtterfieId g.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1961-02-09
Pre-Euster Services
Begins Sunday At
First Methodist Church

The leaders Of the Church and
various groups of the Church are
concerned about A Spiritual Pill
grimage which will begin Sun
Jay and continue through Easter.
Sunday morning worship serv-
;ce will include a sermon, GO
3aptise."
The evening worship service
will include a sermon, Growth
IN Christian Prayer" and a most
Impressive color visual-aid "The
Meaning Of Lent"
A special worship service will
be held Ash Wednesday, Febru-
airy Is at ZOO p. m.
The World Dav Of Prayer,
February II, will be observed,
a Twelve Hour Virgil beginning
at 6 a. m. and ending at 6 p. m.
when members and friends will
be expected to participate.
The World Day Of Prayer
worship service for the commu-
nitv will be 1920 o'clock.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1961-02-09

The white populat on of Mis-
ssippi as a whole in 1880 rose
0 a new high, percentage-wise.
t increased from 54.54 per cent
n 1850 to STA per cent in the
$50 census.
During the same period the
Negro population dropped from
1929 per cent to 42.04 per cent,
Mr. Ladner's figures disclosed.
Other races, including Indians,
Chinese and japanese showed a
light increase from IT per cent
n 1850 to % per cent in 1850.
The entire population of the
state in 1860 was 2,178 141, a loss
of 773 from the 1850 census
figure of 2,178, 914. A breakdown
of the 1850 totals, with 1850
figures in parentheses follows:
whites, 1887, 54S 429); Ne
groes, 915.743 1896, 707); others,
1852 (3,778).
20 Black Counties
Holmes County is one of %
counties (out of a total of 82)
N the 1860 census where the
Negro population outnumbers
the white. Both Grenada d
Warren counties were among this
group in 1850 but they have
moved over into the white
column with Grenada showing
ST. white and Warren recording
53.3 in 1860. The 20 counties with
more Negroes than whites are:
Amite, 8,440 to 7.130; Bolivar
1868 to 1881: Carroll, 6,492
to 1867; Claiborne. 8,239 to
$500; Clay. 9,717 to 9.214; Goa
homa, 31.440 to 1880; Copiah,
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1961-02-09
Holmes AHaIa Hardressers Sponsor Dance

The Holmes Attala Hair
d~ressers' Association will spon-
sor a benefit dance at the Lex
ington Armory Saturday Feb
ruary IL at $50 p. m.
Also at this time a queen rep
resenting the Holmes Attala
Eairdresser's Association will be
crowned.
The dance is for old a d
young. Admission is rs cents for
adults and so cents for children
under II years of age.
Drinks and pie will be for sale.
Proceeds will go to the Heart
Fund Of Holmes and Attala
counties.
Tickets went on sale this week
in Lexington and Durant for d
football autographed by Jake
Gibbs, which will be given away
Saturday night at the dance at
the Lexington National Guard
Armory. Tickets are fifty cents
each.
The dance is being sponsored
by the Holmes-Attala Hardness
erS Association. Proceeds will 60
to the Holmes-Attala Heart Fund
drive.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1961-02-09
S1,535 Taxes Paid By
Holmes Dealers On
Whiskey Sales Here

Holmes County whiskey deal
ers paid $1,535 in sales taxes on
the illegal sale of their product,
according to figures in the State
Tax Commission office.
The figure for Holmes was
comparatively small inasmuch as
this county in the past has been
enc of the top counties in the
state in Whiskey sales.
Mississippi, the only state In
the nation. which prohibits the
sale of in oxicating beverages,
took in nearly So million through
November by taxing the illegal
commodity in what is commonly
referred to as a BLACK Market"
tax at $4.20 per case. Fifty-one
of the states 80 counties appear
ed On the files of the State Tax
Commission as having paid sales
tax on illegal liquor in 1860, in
Guiding Holmes.
Liquor is subject to a ten per
cent wholesale "black market"
tax by the State Tax Collector
and an eight per cent retail sales
tax by the State Tax Commits
sion.
A total of 326,501 cases of whis-
key and 115,249 cases of wine
were imported from out of state
(mostly Louisiana) by whole
salers in eight counties, who sup
ply most Of the bootleggers in
the state.
Warren County Vicksburg) is
the top whiskey-selling county
in the state, followed by Rankin
(adjoining the state capital city,
and Harrison County on the Gulf
Coast.
Warren received 87,626 cases
of Whiskey and 28.577 cases of
wine to lead the state.
Neighboring Leflore importers,
who supply most of the Holmes
County trade, received 39,073
cases of whiskey and 1857 eases
If wine.
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1961-02-09
Charter Night Is
Attended By 1906;
Installation Held

Mississippi State Jaycee Presi-
lent Ben Woods of Jackson de-
ivered a charter to the newly
organized Lexington Chapter
Thursday night, the 74th group
n the state.
The 80 charter members of
Lexington join 1900 Jaycees in
other chapters throughout the
tate in a program of leadership
raining for young men through
community service and better
citizenship.
International Director Bill
Velch of Columbia presented
he international charter to the
lexington group which a~ffiliates
t with $500 chapters in 81
countries Of the world with
more then zoo, 900 members.
State President Woods was
rinc.pal speaker at the char
er night banquet held at the
lexington Grammar School
unch room which was attended
1y 1O6 persons including rep
e~sentatives of other civic organi-
atoms in the community and a
The Lexington advertiser. [volume] (Lexington, Miss.) 1904-1985, 1961-02-09

'.4,c59 to u 992; Desoto, 14,625
. 243.
Holmes, 19,4S0 to 1885; Hum
,hr~yS, 1880 to 5,758; I,sa-
Iuena, 2.399 to ! 176; Jasper,
3,437 to 8,402; Jefferson, 1852
70 2,489; Jeff Davis, 7,400 to
,12S; Kemper 1912 to 1923.
Leflore. 30,307 to 1850; Madi-
son, 23,63O to 9,267; Marshall,
1899 to 1924: Noxubee 1864
% 4,724; Pamela, 1926 to
1865; Qutm9n, 1924 to Ills;
Sharkey, 7459 to 3,247.
Sunflower, 30855 to 14,730;
Tallahatchie, 15,400 to $3.50;
Tate, 10,439 to 1896; Tunica,
1885 to 3,505; Washington,
4 ,O97 to 1929; Wilkinson,
o,428 to 1907 and Yazoo, 1889
O 1882.