davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-07-17

chiefly to bring up to full
strength regular Army, Navy,
Marine and Air Force units.
The Army said that it has six
Reserve and six National Guard
divisions with high manpower
strength priority but declines to
identify them officially.
The National Guard has 81
infantry divisions. The Army
Reserve has 10 combat-ready
divisions, plus 13 other training
divisions.
This, in effect, means few of
the divisions are up to full
strength and are in widely
varying degrees of readiness.
Evening star., 1961-07-17
BY the Associated Press

President Kennedy returned
to the Capital today after an
other week end on Cape Cod
and Immediately dug into a
busy weeks schedule.
After arriving aboard the
presidential plane at Andrews
Air Force Base at 1922 am,
Mr.. Kennedy boarded a Marine
Corps helicopter for the short
hop to the White House.
First on his schedule there
was the swearing in Of former
New Orleans Mayor deLesseps
S. Morrison as United States
Evening star., 1961-07-17
Work Stoppoges Drop
At Missile Bases

HYANNIS PORT Mass. July II P).-Presdent Kennedy
got report last night that work stoppages from labor disputes
at the Nations missile sites dropped sharply in June compared
with the month a year
Labor Secretary Goldberg chairman of the Missile Sites
Labor Commission set by Mr. Kennedy May &c. said
Evening star., 1961-11-28
RUSSIAN EDITS HIS REMARK
TO GIBE AT U-2 CASE

IzveStia Editor Aexei Adzhubei edited Of his
remarks the transcript of his interview with President
Kennedy to get in dig at the U2 spy plane incident
during the Eisenhower administration.
But otherwise the White House informed by
the American Embassy in Moscow. Izvestia published the
text of the interview in full and changed of the
Presidents statements.
During the interview. Mr. Adzhube referred to Soviet
Premier Khrushchevs 1859 visit to the United States
big act" to improve relations. adding:
But unfortunately the results of that trip were not
completely satisfactory"
As published in Izvesta today the following was sub
Stituted for the quoted sentence:
But the positive results of that trip wrecked
and brought to nothing by the wel-known actions of
the then American administration"
He obviously referring TO the downing Of the
U-2 plane Russia May /, 1860 which Mr.. Khru-
shchev used a cancel invitation for
visit by former President Eisenhower to the
Soviet Union the following year.
Evening star., 1961-11-28
NucIeor Weapons
For West Germany

Chairman Khrushchev did
not. nor did I, make the ar
rangementS in l945 in regard
to Berlin. Our responsibility
given the situation which is
a difficult one, is to bring about
peace, and I believe it can be
done.
In short. if we're a Soviet
naval officer, I would feel that
the security of the Soviet Un-
ion was we'll protected, and
that the important thing now
is to reach an accord with the
United States, our ally during
that second war.
Mr.. Adzhubei: Mr.. President,
am about to finish. OF course,
you answered this question not
as a veteran of the Soviet
armed forces but as President
of the United States, and that
is quite natural. However, as
I understand you. Mr.. Presi-
dent, you are against West
any's having nuclear
weapons at her disposal. or in
any degree of control over such
weapons?
The President: The United
States, as a matter of national
policy, as I said at the United
Nations, will not give ruclear
weapons to any country, and
would be extremely reluctant
to see West Germany acquire
a nuclear capacity of its own.
Chancellor Adenauer stated
that they would not, in 1854
That is still the policy CT that
government, and I think that
is the wise policy.
Evening star., 1961-11-28

Europe to you or to us" and
posed this question: so why
take the risk of having the
United States, which is a
powerful country, and the
Soviet Union, which is also
powerful. getting into difficulty
with each other?"
When Mr.. Adzhubei asked
him about prospects for i'm
proving trade relations between
the United States and Russia,
the President said that If we
can solve the problems that we
are now talking about, particu-
larly in Berlin, and ease the
general tension, trade will then
increase"
Mr.. Kennedy concluded the
discussion by saying: Il am
hopeful that this interview will
contribute in some degree to
better understanding and to
peace"
Evening star., 1961-11-28
TEXT
TEXT
Izvestio Publishes
Kennedy Interview
Continued From Page "A

COntlnue0 FROM rage A-4
divided. Germany today is not
a threat to the Soviet Union
mjlitarily.
The important thing is to
attempt to reach an accord
which recognizes the interests
Of all. and I believe that can
be done with respect to Ger
many. I recognize that there
are going to be two GermanieS
as long as the Soviet Union be-
lleveS that that is in her in
tereSt. The problem now is to
make sure that. in any treaty
which the Soviet Union reaches
with East Germany. the rights
of the other powers are recog-
nized in Berlin. That's all we're
talking about. We are not talk
ing about encouraging revanch-
ism, building great German
military machine, or anything
else you mention. In any peace
treaty which is signed with East
Germany. there must be a rec
ognition of the rights of the
United States and the other
powers.
Now that does not seem to
me to be a threat in any way
to the security of the Soviet
Union. That does not provide
for any increase in the West
ern military forces, which are
rather limited there. I think
we could have peace in this
century in Central Europe If
we can reach an accord over
West Berlin. To pursue an
other course in the name of
ending World War ia course
which threatens to increase /
the chance of World War III
represents a wholly unwlSe
policy, for you and for us.
So, if I were a Soviet Off
Ger and wanted peace, I would
think peace can be won and
my country's security can be
assured. The Soviet Union is
a strong military power. 1t has
great nuclear capacity. 1t has
missiles, planes-it has a great
number Of divisions - it has .
countries associated with it.
No one is ever going to in
wade the Soviet Union again. /
There is no military power
that can do that. The prob
lem is to make an agreement
which will permit us to have
our interests recognized. as
we'll as yours. That should not
be beyond the capacity of us
both
Evening star., 1961-11-28
German Influence
In NATO Discussed

Mr.. AdZhubei: But you know
perfectly we'll that many top
posts in NATO are occupied
by German generals. and you
know that Europe is very far
from the United States. Don't
you think that at some point
it might happen that German
generals might become too
Influential in NATO?
The President: That is why
7 believe it to be so important
to stress the West German
Army is integrated in NATO.
NATO is now commanded by
an American and, in my judg-
ment, as long as German forces
are integrated in NATO-and
NATO is under the control of
the IS NATO countries, none
Of which wants another war
there is security for all. And
I think that will continue.
Now if this situation
changed. if Germany developed
an atomic capability of it's
own. if it developed many mis-
siles, or strong national army
that threatened war, then l
would understand your con-
cern, and I would share it.
After all, We have had two
wars in Europe, as we'll as you.
But the situation today. and
the situation for the future.
is as I have described it. If
it changed, then it would seem
to me appropriate for the
United States and the Soviet
Union and others to consider
the situation at that time. But
it is not that way now. so why
take the risk of having the
United States, which is a pow
erful country, and the Soviet
Union, which is also powerful,
getting into difficulty with
each other, when there is no
real threat in Europe to you
or to US? I think that we
should look at things as they
are in 1861.
You have stated that you are
realists. This is not 1899, 1910
or 1941. Look what has hap
pened. AS I said. in the Far
East, Japan's strength was en-
Evening star., 1961-11-28

as precisely as the President
did in this case.
The interview by Alexei
Adzhubei. Izvestia editor and
Soviet Premier Khrushchev's
son-in-law, was arranged at
this Governments initiative.
Suggested by Salinger
Mr.. Salinger, it was learned,
first suggested it during a dis
cussion in New York on Sep
tember "a with Mikhail Kharl-
anov. chief press officer of the
Soviet Foreign Office. and
Georgi Bolshikov, editor OF
USSR. English-language Rus
sian magazine distributed here
This was a follow-up to q
discussion Mr.. Salinger had
started with Soviet officials in
June about improvement of
communication between the
United States and Russia.
In the September "a discus
sion, Mr.. Salinger recalled tc
the Russians that Premier
Khrushchev had had inter-
views with three American
journalists this year and re-
marked that he seemed to be
able to get his views to the
American people easily but
that no American President
ever had been able to COM
municate his views to the So
Wet people.
Visas Quickly Cleared
Mr.. Salinger then suggested
with the Presidents approval
that a Soviet editor be sent
to the United States to inter-
view Mr.. Kennedy.
Mr.. Khsrlanov replied that
Evening star., 1961-11-28
Realizing Accord
Seen Possible

Therefore I think. If we look
at it realistically. We should be
able to reach an accord which
protects the interests of our
two great countries. and per-
mits us both to go ahead with
increasing our standard of liv-
ing and meeting other prob
lens. In the United States in
the last IA years our living
standard has increased 40 per
cent. In the Soviet Union il
has gone up sharply. Nobody
can benefit more from peace
than the Soviet Union and the
United States.
l would hope that rather
than attempting to talk about
conditions in Germany as they
were 20 years ago. we would
look at them as they are today
We have had peace, really, in
Europe for Is years. The prob
lem now is to see if we can
reach a negotiation which can
settle this matter for another
Is years. Nobody knows what
is going to happen in the world
over the long run, but at least
we ought to be able to settle
this matter of Berlin and
Germany.
Mr.. Adshubei: I thank you
for your attention and this
time that I took from your
weekend rest.
The President: I appreciate
very much your giving me. as
President, this opportunity to
talk to the people of the So
Wet Union. and your courtesy
in coming here. I want to en-
phasize that to the people of
this country there is nothing
that would satisfy them more
than to see the two countries
live at peace. and the people
of the two countries enjoying
a steadily increasing standard
of living. l was in the Soviet
Union as a student in 1899. and
1 understand that there have
been many changes. and that
the standard of living of the
people is rising. The standards
of the people of the United
States have also risen. I am
hopeful that this interview will
contribute in some degree to
better understanding and to
peace. For, I repeat again. our
two peoples have the most to
gain from peace.
Mr.. AdZhubei: Thank you
Mr.. President.
Evening star., 1961-11-28

tirely different in those years.
China's power was also entirely
different. Countries change
Situations change. And we
have to be realistic enough to
see where the real danger lies.
The real danger today is the
fact that both of us possess in
our nuclear stockpiles the
means to impose great devasta-
ton upon each other-and we
are the ones that have the
most to lose from war.
Evening star., 1961-11-28

Personal loans-for consolidating
several small bills or for any worth
while purpose are available at
Union Trust, in most cases without
collateral or endorsers. Life insur-
ance is included. Same-day service
is usual. Here are exact details.
Details for other amounts and longer
terms upon request.
Evening star., 1961-11-28

he did not think the time was
propitious for such a sugges-
ton. pointing out that Is So
Wet journalists were then hav-
ing trouble getting visas TO
come to the United States to
cover the United Nations.
Mr.. Salinger promised to look
into that problem. and within
70 hours the Soviet journalists
had their visas.
On September 90, when Mr..
Salinger was with the President
in Newport, R. l., Mr.. Bolshi-
kov called and asked if they
could meet in New York the
next day.
Khrushchev Approves
Mr.. Salinger went to New
York and was told by Mr..
Bolshikov that Premier Khru-
shchev had taken note of his
suggestion and thought 1t
would be a good idea for the
President to be given an oppor-
tunity to speak to the Russian
people through a Soviet news
paper.
About two weeks later, Mr..
Bolshikov told Mr.. Salinger
that Mr.. Adzhubei would come
to this country for the inter-
view and asked Mr.. Salinger
to set the date.
1t was no surprise to the
President that Mr.. Adzhubei
made the interview more Of a
debate than a question and
answer session, since he knew
in advance that this was a
common Soviet technique.
Evening star., 1961-11-28
Kennedy Is Pleased
At Reaching Russians

President Kennedy said to-
day he considers publication in
Moscow of an interview with
him today "a marked step for
ward in American Soviet un-
derstandng"
II hope that it will lead to
further intensification Of free
communication between our
two countries at all levels" the
President added.
White House Press Secretary
Pierre Salinger. who worked
out arrangements for the lives
tia interview, said he thought
is a step forward any time
an American President can get
his views to the Soviet people
Evening star., 1961-11-28
Continued From Page Al

SOhtAAAuCu AAOu dSO N
world. If the Soviet Union were
merely seeking to protect its
own national interests, to pro-
tect its own national security
and would permit other coun-
tries to live as they wish-to
live in peace-then I believe
that the problems which now
cause so much tension would
fade away.
Sees Expansion Peril
1T is this effort to push out
ward the Communist system
onto country after country
that represents, I think, the
great threat to peace"
Mr.. Adzhubei argued back
that I'VE are against any ex-
port of the revolution" and that
from the Soviet point of view
the United States is interfering
in the affairs of many other
countries. He cited Cuba.
Mr.. Kennedy countered that
the United States Supports the
idea that every people shall
have the right to make a free
choice as to the kind of gov
ernment they want" and said
pro-Communist Cuban Premier
Fidel Castro has not kept his
promise of free elections.
He said that "if the people
of any country choose to fol-
low a Communist system in a
free election" the United States
would accept that"
He emphasized that the
threat to peace comes when "a
system is imposed by a small
militant group of Subversion,
infiltration. and all the rest"
If the Soviet Union would
recognize and accept the choice
by the people of any country
of a different system, as the
United States will accept a
Communist choice made by an
honest election, he said the two
big powers could live in
peace"
Notes German Issue
Much of the discussion was
devoted to the problems of Ber-
lin and Germany. with Mr.
Adzhubei presenting the fa-
miliar Soviet argument for a
separate peace treaty with East
Germany giving the Communist
East German regime control
over Western access routes to
West Berlin.
Mr.. Kennedy said the real
question now is whether the
Soviet Union will sign a treaty
with the East German authori-
ties which will increase tension
rather than diminish it," He
emphasized that a treaty sub
jecting Western access rights
in West Berlin to the wishes of
the East German authorities
would increase tension.
The President expressed hope
that negotiations with the So
Wet will bring assurances pro-
tecting the Western rights in
West Berlin with free access in
and out of the city in accord
with the existing four-power
agreement.
But if the people of West
Berlin ever decide that they
Evening star., 1961-11-28
Atomic Ship Gets
First Fuel Load

The nuclear-po mer-
chant ship Savannah is
getting its first load of fuel.
An Atomic Energy Commits
sion spokesman yesterday said
the loading of the ships re-
actors with 1900 pounds of
uranium oxide fuel is expected
to be completed this week at
the Camden IN. j. shipyards.
The fuel is enough to provide
service for 3l2 years without
refueling.
Evening star., 1961-11-28
MOSCOW
Right Of Free Choice
Stressed by Kennedy

don't want us. we will leave
! Mr.. Kennedy said.
| Mr.. Adzhubei said Russians
could not understand why the
United States could not be
realistic and recognize the
German Democratic Republic"
the Communist regime in
East Germany.
Mr.. Kennedy said the reason
is that we do not recognize the
division of Germany" He
added that Ito divide a country,
to divide city, to put up a
wall in a city. we believe, only
increases tensions rather than
diminishes them"
But he conceded that "the
Soviet Union believes that it
is more in their interest to keep
Germany divided" and said he
recognizes that there will be
two Germanys as long as that
is true.
The important thing" he
stressed, lis to attempt to reach
an accord which recognizes the
interests of all; and I believe
that can be done with respect
to Germany"
Celebrating. he said: The
problem now is to make sure
that, in any treaty which the
Soviet Union reaches with East
Germany, the rights of the
other powers are recognized in
Berlin. That's all we are talk
ing about"
Asks Reds to Change
At one point during the dis
cussion, Mr.. Adzhubei asked
the President to imagine that
he was a veteran of the Soviet
navy who had fought against
Germany in World War II and
saw West Germany again
building up its armed forces"
Then, he asked. what would
be your attitude toward this,
if you we're a veteran Of the
Soviet navy?"
Mr.. Kennedy made the most
of the opportunity to plead for
a peaceful change in Soviet
policy. If I were a Soviet
veteran" he said, II would see
that West Germany now has
only nine divisions, which is a
fraction of the Soviet forces"
and lis not military threat. "
Then" he continued, Il
would look at the power of the
United States. and I would look
at the power of the Soviet
Union, and I would say that
the important thing is for the
Soviet Union and the United
States not to get into a war.
which would destroy both of
our systems.
Rules Out Threat
80 as a Soviet veteran. I
would want the Soviet Union
to reach an agreement with the
United States which recognizes
the interests and the commit
ments of the United States, as
well as our own, and not
attempt to enforce single
handedly a new situation upon
the United States which would
be against previous commit
ments we had made"
The President emphasized
that there is no real threat in
Evening star., 1961-07-26
FPCChoice
Opposed by
Proxmire
By the Associated Press

Senator Proxmire, Democrat
Of Wisconsin. appears today
before the Senate Commerce
Committee to oppose confir-
nation of Lawrence O'Connor
Of Texas as a member of the
Federal Power Commission.
President Kennedy nominated
Mr., O'Connor for the post.
Mr.. O'Connor els obviously
an industry man." Senator
Proxmire said in a statement.
During the past two years,
three gas rate increases put
into effect by the company
O'Connor worked for until 1858
have gone unchallenged by
FPC," the Senator said. He
added:
'Until he entered the Inte-
Department two years ago,
O'Connor was a conSultant to
gas and oil companies.
1T is a shocking fact that
the new FPC commissioners
principal employment has been
as vice president Of a Texas
oil and gas company"
Senator Proxmire said: ZAP
pointing O'Connor to the FPC
is like appointing Mickey
Mantle to umpire Yankee base
ball games"
Senator Tower, Republican
of Texas, said he will testify in
behalf of Mr.. O'Connor, whom
he called a man of high char
acter and integrity.
Evening star., 1961-07-26
Moon Project
Funds Voted
By Senators
By the Associated Press

The Senate Appropriations
Committee has voted the full
$549 million asked BY President
Kennedy to speed work on
Americas program to land a
three-man team on the moon
by 1870.
The sum was added to a
$3.50, ,506,000 money bill carry
ing funds for the National
Aeronautics and Space Admin
istartion and 19 other inde-
pendent Federal agencies.
The moonshot money was not
in the bill as it passed the
House. Mr.. Kennedy's message
requesting it came after that
branch acted.
The President signed the
authorization bill for the funds
only last Friday after the sec
ond. successful United States
Mercury manned space shot.
Under the rules of Congress.
such funds must be authorized
before they can be appropri-
ated.
Mr.. Kennedy said the total
cost of the moon landing pro-
gram probably would reach $40
billion.
The $549 million was added
by the Senators to $1.2 billion
already included in the House
billsfor NASA's wide variety of
PROGRAMS.
Evening star., 1961-07-26
GiontC Cubo RoIIyMorks
Costro's Revolution

HAVANA, July 26 (AP).-l
Fidel Castro's revolution cele-
bfates its eighth anniversary
today with a giant Havana
rally, a major speech by Mr..
Castro and with Soviet space
man Yuri Gagarin as the guest
OF honor.
Thousands poured into the
capital to cheer the Soviet con-
queror of space and to hear the
bearded Prime Minister, whose
revolt finally overthrew Dicta-
tor Fulgencio Batista 212 years
ago.
To-day was the third of four
days of celebrations commemo-
rating the Inflated attack on
the Moncada barracks in San
tiAgo in 1858 that marked the
birth of Mr.. Castro's revolution.
But a parade Of 10000 yester-
day abounded with pictures Of
LkI1in and Soviet Premier
Khrushchev, as well as heroes
of the Cuban revolt.
Electric signs lit up the night
sky over Havana with the word
"Paz"-peace.
Maj. Gagarin shared the
honors with Mr.. Castro last
night at a swank Soviet EN-
bassy reception.
The Russian major, trim in
q gliStening white uniform, but
looking drawn after reviewing
a ,day-long parade, listened
while Castro talked. The Prime
Minister, neatly turned out in
a smart military uniform, white
shirt and black tie instead of
his usual open-necked fatigues,
chatted animatedly through an
interpreter and chain smoked
long cigarettes in place Of the
big cigars he normally favors.
The days festivities had gone
off without a hitch, highlighted
by a flyby Of six jet fighters
believed to be Soviet MigS.
Congratulations poured in
from the Communist bloc. Mr..
Khfushchev and Soviet Presi-
dent Leonid Brezhnev cabled
that Cuba could always count
on the brotherly help Of the
Soviet people in its fight for
freedom and independence"
Evening star., 1961-07-26
Police, Troops Guord
Rhodesio Charter Vote

ritory as voters began flocking
to the polls. OF the s3.4S6 reg
istered to ballot. only about
1000 are Negroes.
Prime Minister Edgar White
head ordered police to shoot
anyone caught interfering with
the referendum. Joshua Nkomo,
leader of the National Demo-
cratic PARTY, urged Negro
Evening star., 1961-07-26

workers to stay home from
work in protest against the
constitution.
Tear Gas Used
In the African township of
Bulaway, police used tear gas
to disperSe 1000 Africans who
defied a ban on public gather
ing during the voting and
massed to. greet Mr.. Nkomo as
he arrived to organize the strike
there.
Police said Mr.. Nkonno tried
to lead q procession through
Bulawayo until they broke it
up.
Three Negroes have been
Evening star., 1961-07-26

SALISBURY, Southern Rho
desia, July 26 (AP).-Salis-
bury's Negro settlem ents
crawled today with troops and
police prepared to crush any
attempts to disrupt voting in
a referendum on q new con-
stitution.
Heavy guards were posted
elsewhere throughout the ter
Evening star., 1961-07-26

Nkomo's appeal to stay off the
job today. Most Of those who
joined his procession we're night
shift workers or idlers, they
said.
Mr.. Nkomo termed the con-
stitution and the referendum
an attempt by the white ma
|jority to "entranch themselves
In power"
But in most Of the townships
the strike was spotty. police
said. Africans streamed to-
ward the city where most Of
them work. Their buses were
escorted by police and armored
cars.
Evening star., 1961-07-26
Mothers Willing
But q Bit Confused

ELMIRA. N. Y. (AP).-An
elementary school teacher here
sent a note to the mother of
q child who was having more
than the usual amount of diff
Guilty with subtraction.
She asked the mother to help
her child at home If possible
The mother returned the note
with the penciled notation. "I'd
be glad to help. But which
number do you Subtract-the
top or the bottom one?"