davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-08-17
1t Ends Well

The Eastern Airlines plane which
was hijacked and flown to Havana,
where it was held by the Castro gov
ernment, is now back in the United
States. And a stolen Cuban navy patrol
boat, held in this country in connection
with a lawsuit, has been returned to
Cuba.
Thus, common sense has served to
end an incident which had inflamed
public opinion in the United States and
which led to rash demands for military
action. 1t may not be an entirely happy
ending, for we can expect to have more
trouble with Fidel Castro. But this solu-
ton certainly is better than dispatching
the Marines to Havana, and if it serves
as a precedent it should discourage
future hijackings. For the incentive will
largely be gone If would-be hijackers
expect that stolen planes will be
returned.
This will be the more true if Cuba
responds favorably to Mexico's request
for extradition of the Frenchman who
hijacked a Pan American Jet last
Wednesday. (The jet was returned after
few hourS) Meanwhile, the hijacker
OF the Eastern plane, Cuban-born
naturalized American, remains some
where in Cuba. Presumably, the Castro
government will not hand him over to
our authorities for trial A real damper
would be put on this hijacking business,
however, If the Havana regime would
send him to jail
Evening star., 1961-08-17
Kickoff

While 1t may not be crystal clear as
to who got whom off the hook, both
Secretary of Interior Udall and George
reason for qualification over a settle
ment of their differences which, though
it may be temporary, should become
permanent
AS for Mr. Udall, the legal and leg
iSlative history of Mr.. Marshall's lease
and construction of the new stadium
makes it extremely unlikely that the Sec
retary Of the Interior could back up his
threat to throw the Redskins out. AS
for Mr.. Marshall, if he had not already
become aware of it, he must know by
now that he was inviting increasing pub
lie ridicule, not only in Washington, but
in other cities, by a taCit policy of ex-
Guiding from his squad Negro players.
Under a compromise which saves
face on both sides, Mr.. Udall will not
have to press his questionable authority
over the stadium and Mr. Marshall has
named at least five outstanding college
players, all of them colored, whom he
regards as likely draft material for the
Redskins next December if the fortunes
of football war this season give him op-
portunity for a choice.
Without the Redskins the stadium
financing will flop. Without good foot
ball players, regardless of their color, the
Redskins will flop. The new stadium,
the Redskins and Mr.. Udall are all in
good scoring position now and we are
hoping for touchdown.
Evening star., 1961-08-17
Root of Park Police Mess

bill recently introduced by Rep
resentative Rutherford of Texas would
remedy a glaring weakness of the Park
Police Setup-the lack of any really
effective system for bringing to trial
and diSciplining members who defy
authority or commit other offenses. The
bill calls for the establishment of a
Park Police trial board, somewhat SINH
lar to that in the Metropolitan Police
Department. The absence of such a
disciplinary system long has been
deplored by Chief Stewart, and his lack
OF authority undoubtedly has contrib
uted in major degree to the dissension
which has led Interior Secretary Udall
to decide that Chief Stewart should be
ousted.
According to report submitted
several months ago to the Interior
Department by Professor Peter P. Lejins
OF the University of Maryland and only
recently disclosed in part, the root of
the long-Standing troubles of the Park
Police is deficiency of organization,
not leadership. DR.. Lejins, we'll
known expert in this field, stressed in
his recommendations, after a Six-month
investigation of the force, the import
ance of setting up procedures for trying
members on specific charges and penal
izing those found guilty. He criticized
as "demoralizing" the present system,
under which many park policemen have
bypassed Chief Stewart in appealing to
higherups In the Interior Department
from the Chiefs reprimands or his other
efforts to enforce discipline.
Chief Stewart has pointed out that
II a member of his force is found drunk
while on duty, the chiefs authority is
limited to temporarily removing his gun
and badge and sending him home.
When the officer SoberS up, he may
return to duty without fear of trial. In
such cases the chief writes letter to
the Superintendent of National Capital
Parks, reporting the offense and sug-
>geSting some disciplinary action from
higher up. Final decision in major
cases rests with the Secretary of the
Interior. This may mean long delays
as the case goes from level to level in
the department.
4hlS is OBVIOUSLY an absurd pro-
cedure and one that would wreck the
discipline and morale of any police force.
There are, of course, other factors
bearing on Chief Stewards difficulties
and these are detailed in the LeiinS
report, which will be discussed in these
columns later. DR.. Lejins, Chief Stewart
and Representative Rutherford certainly
are right, however, in stressing the
urgency of providing the Park Police
with trial board and other means of
disciplining errant officers. We hope
Congress-which has been looking into
the Park Police mess through the agency
of the House Government Operations
Committee-will create such a board
during the current session.
Evening star., 1961-08-17
Less Waste, More Weapons

Defense Secretary Mcnamara sur
prised some members of Congress by
agreeing with the House that per
cent cut in Defense Department pro-
curement appropriations was justified
and could be absorbed by effecting
certain economies. He had reference to
the House Appropriations Committees
demands for elimination of overlapping
and other wasteful practices in the
purchase and distribution of military
supplies. Mr.. Mcnamara well merits
the praise heaped on him at the Capitol
for cracking down on inefficiency and
waste of every kind at the Pentagon.
The per cent reduction made by
the House was designed to force full
compliance by military procurement
officers with supply reforms recon-
mended several years ago by the Hoover
Commission. These called for conSoli-
dation of procurement activities by the
three services and coordination of
Stockpiling and distribution systems.
Steps in this direction have been taken
by Defense officials, but much remains
to be done.
When Secretary Mcnamara appeared
before the Senate Defense Appropri-
ations Subcommittee he refused to
accept the groups suggestion that he
ask for restoration of the per cent cut.
Instead, he said: "In a large program
there are always potential savings open
to one. I think that in the circum-
stances we are in today, when we are
asking for So billion more, it makes even
more important the saving of the per
cent. We propose to live with it."
1t has been long time since con-
gressional committee has heard that
kind of testimony from a victim of
proposed economy. AS a result the
Senate applied the cut to the main
appropriations, although exempting
President Kennedy'S emergency $18-
billion supplemental request. However,
the House conferees Representatives
Mahon, Sheppard, Cannon, Ford and
Taber) stood firm and the bill finally
passed with the per cent cut applied
to the entire procurement appropriation.
This means a potential saving for the
taxpayers of about $343 million-without
impairing national defense in any way.
Evening star., 1961-08-17

June, 1914 (reprinted in
Essays in Social Eco
nomics," 1954), conserva-
tives regarded the term as
"a curse in the name of a
false god, directed by rev.
olutionaries against the
world of things as they are,
as they always have been
and always shall be-" It was
radicals and the socialists
who thought the term ap-
propriate for the current
economic system, which they
attacked as "a vulgar, hide
GUS system. a brute mechan-
ism set in motion by the
energy of blind greed :"
Now conservatives are
split on the subject. Some
glory in the name capital
ISM" regard it as holy, and
consider it unpatriotic, per-
haps disloyal, to question it.
Others feel the need Of
modifying the term. In
March, 1856, President FL
SenhoWer circulated a digest
Of a lecture by Prof. Mas
simo Salvador, saying "capi-
talism" had to be defended
not only in economic"
terms but also in social"
terms. Let's call it social
capitalism" he said. The
same thought is behind the
term, peoples capitalism"
In 1858, Henry Cabot Lodge
our U. N. Ambassador, ex-
horted Soviet leaders to
abandon-in the interest of
world peace-their foolish
idea" that the United States
is a "capitalistic country"
He proposed Jacques Mari
tain's term economic hu-
manism."
But Capitalism" in the
old sense of the term, is
very much alive in the Soviet
Union, with the state as the
only significant capitalist.
This was not the way Marx
and Lenin intended it.
The new program in ef-
feet repudiates the anarchist
element in the thinking of
Marx, Engels, and Lenin,
and makes clear that, even
under pure communism, life
will be highly regulated and
planned. The Soviet govern
ment has shown that it has
the power to handle things"
but not the power to handle
people, except as things"
are to be handled. The pow
erful thrust in throwing
things" about, even into
orbit around the earth, is
not matched by the ability
to use the earth's fruits for
mems satisfaction.
Sidney KOret8.
Evening star., 1961-08-17
Discord at Met

Once again the "Met"
threatens to cancel its sea-
son. Once again it is sup
posed to be the fault of the
musicians union.
The caliber of the musicians
In the Nets orchestra is of
the highest. Each has put
years of time and money into
study to become the pro-
ficient musician that he is. AS
a group the orchestra is of a
caliber that equals or exceeds
the musicianship of the best
of the vocalists that the
Met" offers.
The new scale would pro-
vide about SAL plus per per-
formance. Compared to any
other profession this rate is
small indeed.
The Met" as are all other
employers of live music, is
getting a bargain. The So
called "exorbitant" raise Is
Evening star., 1961-08-17
Soviet Space Feots

No Americans should be
overjoyed with the recent
breakthrough of the U.S.S.R.
in the space age. Nor should
they adopt a negative ap-
proach to the Russian &C
complishments.
Surely, David Lawrence
and letter writers who
echoed Mr.. Lawrence's senti-
ments, must be kidding when
they contend that the Rus
slams are pulling a fast one.
If the United States can
sub-orbit a man in 1861 and
will undoubtedly orbit a man
in 1862 or SO, is it not con-
ceivable that the U.S.S.R.,
with a thrust advantage,
sent a comrade around the
world II times?
What must the Russians do
to convince MeSsrs. Lawrence
ct al? Have the next Russian
spaceman land on the White
House lawn?
Space Addict.
Evening star., 1961-08-17
Mcnamara q Success

In The Sunday Star, Au-
gust 6, Mary McGrory wrote:
Secretary of Defense Robert
S. Mcnamara is so far the
success story of the Kennedy
cabinet" That is unchal-
lengeably so. and, chiefly, be-
cause he kept the Cabinet
free of the New Deal-Fair
Deal tinge when he success
fully defied President Ken
nedy by preventing g his
choosing Franklin D. Roose-
welt, jr., to be the Secretary
of the Navy.
There is neither time nor
place now for New Deal-Fair
Deal types. Therefore. Chester
Bowles, Adlai Stevenson, w.
Averell H arriman, Dean
Acheson, Herbert H. Lehman,
Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt-and
J. M. Landis-must in the
vital national interest-also
be "McNamara-d."
Rienzi b. Lemus.
Evening star., 1961-08-17
No Envoy to Red Kniqht'

1t is bit early yet to tell what will
be the full effect of our Governments
decision to set aside for the time being
any further consideration of establish
ing diplomatic relations with Outer Mon
golia. 1t has, in fact, been somewhat
difficult all along to figure out just what
would be the effect, or the possible
values to us, if we did establish such re-
lationS.
One rather widely publicized theory
has been that If we did exchange diplo-
matte missions with this remote Asian
land, and perhaps support its bid for
membership in the United Nations, the
Communist bloc would withdraw its op-
position to U. N. membership for Mauri-
tanta -one of the newly independent
nations of West Africa. This, in turn, or
so the theory goes, would please enough
of the other new African members of the
U. N. so much that they would support
our longtime objection to the admission
OF Communist China. Obviously, this is
a rather intricate line of reasoning which
may have been based more on hopes and
assumptions than on cold facts, or on
any firm assurances.
There has been, also, a collateral
theory that the Mongolian capital, Ulan
Bator which the Encyclopedia Britain
MICA translates as RED Knight" would
be a valuable listening post" for an
American envoy staff. This is possible.
Ulan Bator is reported to have magnif-
icent theatre, with revolving stage, high
schools, a university, veterinarian
school and military academy with Rus
sian advisers 1t was once known as the
holy city of the Mongols, the residence
of the living Buddha," and high per-
Evening star., 1961-08-17
Written in Anqer?

Your editorial, Society of
Simpletons" august g., Ger
tainly must have been writ
ten in anger or else why
would you produce so unrep-
resentative a piece of jour-
nalism. You have chosen
the way out of your corner
in a fashion completely
typical of the liberal. When
you have no arguments to
counter your-or your hero's
adversary just try to dis
credit him. Then after this
dose of smear" resurrect a
known untruth and apply it
to your target for good meas
ure.
I feel sure that you know
even though you probably
are counting on the bulk of
your readers not knowing
that the overworked cliche
that the John Birch Society
concentrates on Dwight D.
Eisenhower as a favorite
target is completely untrue.
Should you not know that
you are indulging in a lie 1
can only say that your cred
ibility for getting the facts
is highly overrated and your
reputation for honest report
ing has suffered a severe
setback.
I am puzzled by this glob
OF words you have COM
pounded. Are you presum-
ing to defend the court vot-
ing record of Mr.. Warren?
If so, why not have the cour-
age to point out that since
his advent on the court he
has acquired - along with
too many others of this
court a dubious record
which is best described as
overwhelmingly pro-Com p =
munist and anti-United
States and that this meets
with your full approval? The
public record supports this
charge and your dishonest
handling of Robert Welch
and the John Birch Society
will in no way dull it or
stamp it out.
And do you really believe
your own words which re-
fleet the idea that the Welch
effort is to eliminate the Su-
preme Court? Apparently you
do or you would not have
spread them before your
reading public. This is not
even a good cover-up for the
glaring illogic - aside from
the dishonesty-of your edi-
torial. Too bad you were so
angry when you wrote it.
F. W. Barnes,
Evening star., 1961-08-17
THE POLITICAL MILL
Greater Hemisphere -RockefeIIer
By GOULD LINCOLN

There will be no elections"
This has been eliminated
from the declaration.
Gov. Rockefeller, VINO
probably knows more about
Latin America - from his
own personal experience and
his intim tie connections
with Latin American offici-
ais in the past-than any
one else in this country, looks
upon the development of a
strong Western Hemisphere
confederation as a great es-
sential of United States pol
icy. 1t must be economically
strong, for the progress Of
its peoples. 1t must be politi-
-cally strong and democratic
and dedicated to freedom.
And militarily strong for de-
fense. The governor visualizes
and hopes for a vast growth,
Of population, of progress
for the common people. of
education in the coming
years in the Western Hemi-
sphere. He has faith in the
great natural resources of
the South American contin-
ent. He regards the great
area of the eastern water
shed of the Andes Mountains
as capable Of huge agricul-
tural and industrial develop
ment. Indeed, the governor
foresees a total population
in the Western Hemisphere
within the next 40 years -
or to the year 1000 - of ap-
proximately a billion people.
He points out that the pop
ulation increase in this part
of the world is far outdis-
tancing other areas.
The United States, for ex-
ample, has added "a mil
lion to its population since
1920 - 40 years ago. In the
next 40 years it will 60 far
beyond that increase. And
the populations in the Latin
American countries are fast
rising. In 1859. available sta
tistics put the population of
the Western Hemisphere at
approximately 400 million,
divided almost evenly be-
tween the United States and
Canada. on the one hand,
and all the nations to the
south on the other.
Farms Help Venezuelans
Gov. Rockefeller owns a
a large estate in Venezuela
- including three farms,
which have been used for ex-
perimental purposes to in
crease agricultural produc-
tion and to give aid and
know-how to the farmers
and ranchers of Venezuela.
Under three Presidents of the
United States, he has held
important appointive offices
in which he dealt largely with
Latin-American affairs, and
with progress in inter-
American relations, as well
as progress in the United
States.
He first visited Venezuela
in 1887 as director of the
Creole Petroleum Corp. a
subsidiary of Standard Oil.
He paid more attention
to improving working con-
ditions of the employees than
he did to oil. His activities,
indeed, extended to improve
ments all along the line in
Venezuela. From Venezuela,
he travelled widely through
all of South America. How
much of his advice concern
ing Latin America the Ken
nedy administration will
take, remains to be seen.
Evening star., 1961-08-17


War II, Gov. Nelson A.
Rockefeller of New York be-
came greatly concerned with
the Nazi and Fascist growth
in Latin America-and he did
something about it. Today,
the New York Governor is
even more concerned with
Communist infiltration and
growth in this same area. In
1910, Mr.. Rockefeller con-
vinced the Roosevelt admin
istration that some thing
should be done to prevent the
Nazis from obtaining strength
in Latin America in their
drive to conquer the world.
President Franklin D. Roose-
velt established the office of
the Co-ordinator of Inter-
American Affairs and ap-
pointed Mr.. Rockefeller as
co-ordinator. He held this
post until 1914, when Mr..
Roosevelt appointed him As
sistant Secretary of State in
charge of Latin American Af-
fairs.
Today, Gov. Rockefeller
has given the Kennedy ad-
ministration the benefit of
his thoughts on Latin Amer
lea, particularly as part Of
the great Western Hemis-
phere and what can be done
to aid in its Development
and also on what can be done
to check the Communist
growth there. This includes
his ideas Of what should be
done regarding Fidel Castro
and Cuba.
United States Must Lead
Of one thing the New York
Governor is convinced-that
this country cannot buy
friends. This does not mean
hea would withhold financial
aid, however. OF another
thing he is also convinced
that the United States must
take the lead, and boldly, in a
drive to strengthen democ-
racy in Latin America, along
with strong resistance to
Communist growth which
has manifested itself in a
number of these Latin Amer
lean countries. 1t has be-
come more and more clear
that many of the political
leaders in some of these
countries are not going to
stick their necks out in an
offensive against Castro and
his Communist directed gov
ernment in Cuba if the
United States is to continue a
laissez-faire policy. Like other
politicians, they will seek
compromise as an easy way.
If the United States, how
ever, takes the lead in an Of
fensive drive, the word is
being passed that many of
these Latin American polit-
ical leaders will fall right in
line.
The reluctance of some of
these Latin Americans to Of
fend Castro cropped up dur
ing the special Inter-Amer-
ican Conference on the Alli-
ance for Progress in Uruguay.
Peru had offered a strong
anti-Castro declaration to add
to the charter of the ALI
ance for Progress-which is
expected to distribute $40
billion for the program in
Latin America during the
next 10 years. 1t particu-
larly referred to honest
and periodic elections"-and
Castro has never held an
election in Cuba since he took
over and has announced:
Evening star., 1961-08-17
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry Drtters' correct
names and addresses. Au let
terS are subject to condenSG-
ton: Those not used tDtIl be
returned only Dhen accom-
panied By self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-08-17
Fair Trade

out on anvils the nails to
build their homes, and made
their soap in lye kettles. They
harnessed up the old gray
mare for their transporta-
tion. The bicycle, custom
built at prices around $100,
was a rich mans toy. Then
came the automobile at still
greater prices.
Henry Ford had a vision.
If enough units could be sold
to enable mass production,
the cost of manufacturing
each unit in a large number
produced exactly alike would
be so small that the mass of
people could buy. Henry's
theory was proved, and for
several successive years he
reduced his selling price. One
year he offered to return $50
of the price, if during the
year he sold l million cars.
He did, and put America on
wheels. And so the produc-
tion line was born, and is
used today in every consumer
goods factory to produce
more goods at lower costs.
But what of our diStribu-
tion system? If a large
enough number of units
could be sold through one
outlet, could not the margin
of profit be reduced, en-
abling more people to buy
things they would like to
have and so create mass dis
tribution? A discount house
is such an institution, and
such have enabled many
families to have what other
wise they could not have af-
forded.
A letter from Herman
Morton refers to such dealers
as "pricejuggling merchants
(who) use deception to make
money" Actually there are
many reputable business
houses which sell at dis
count" prices, stand behind
their merchandise, and are
equipped to service it. They
should not be confused with
"gyps" which exist in every
line of business, from used
cars to real estate.
However, many manufac-
turers have failed to use
Henry Ford's philosophy in
their distribution, and have
fixed high, uniform retail
prices on their products,
maintained by force, thereby
throttling sales and eliminat-
ing competition. The spread
between original cost of
manufacture and retail price
often exceeds manufacturing
cost.
For some reason, instead
of encouraging mass distri-
button, we seem to be doing
many things to hamper it,
by special chain store taxes,
fair" trade laws, ETC., on
the ground of being fair to
the small dealer, who has,
naturally, a high overhead
per unit sold. Under such
laws, with manufacturers fix
ing retail prices, who can.
say what the limit will be?
The present move in Con-
gress (Fair Competitive Prac-
tice act) is an effort by its
supporters to force from Con-
gress that which they have
tried and failed to obtain
from a majority of the States;
in fact some States which
have had fair trade laws have
repealed them.
There has recently been
considerable exposure of
price-fixing with regard to
large consumers Government
and utilities). Is fixing
unfair to the large consumer
but fair to the small one?
Who speaks for the con-
sumner?
Harold E. Ramsey.
Evening star., 1961-08-17

entirely justified in line with
today's living costs.
David c. SickIes.
Member, Locals 802 and 161,
American Federation of
Musicians