davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-02-27
Aid to Education

President kennedy'S recent
message to Congress on aid
to education recognizes the
obligation Of the State to
provide adequately for the
education Of children-some
children.
It's twin goals are: "a new
standard Of excellence in
education - and the avail
ability Of such excellence to
all who are willing and able
to pursue ALI. that is,
except the children of those
whose religious beliefs pro-
hibit them from sending their
children to certain schools
designated by the State.
Further on in his message,
President Kennedy proposes
legislation for loans to public
and private higher institu-
tions," and for scholarships
"open to all young persons
without regard to sex, creed,
or color. :" He states:
They would be permitted to
attend the college Of their
choice and free to select their
own program Of study"
Isn't this q gem Of logic!
If q child. or his parents
for him. chooses to exercise
his freedom Of religion at the
elementary or high school
level. economic sanctions will
be brought to bear to dis
courage him from exercising
this basic right. However,
II he chooses to exercise his
religious beliefs in the matter
Of education after he has
been graduated from high
school. he will be financially
encouraged to do so.
The only conclusion that
can be drawn is that the
President advocates religious
freedom after the age of
about l8 and until
parenthood. Approximately
six years after parenthood
has been achieved, religious
liberty must again be sur
rendered to the State or
economic sanctions will be
imposed.
Margaret Lynn Sieffert.
Evening star., 1961-02-27
Monumental Project

I offer a possible solution
to the problem of Berlin. This
solution should not be con-
Strued as a concession but
rather as an offer of COM
promise If 1t becomes evident
that the Berlin question can
only be settled by an armed
conflict. We would expect the
proposed concession to be
matched by the Communists
in full; going as far as their
withdrawal from Central Eu-
rope. the recognition Of Ma
tionalist China's right to
Formosa or the adoption of
the open skies inspection pol
icy.
I propose that If a crisis be-
comes inevitable that we Of
fer in return for concessions
Of the magnitude mentioned
above to pick Berlin up and
move 1t lock, stock and barrel
into West Germany.
Though a prodigious task,
1t could be done. Not a West
German living could or would
refuse to help in this under
taking which would, in effect,
not only save Berlin from
Communist domination, but
avert any possibility of
Khrushchev provoking World
War III over Berlin.
It would take upwards Of
10 years. First a site in West
Germany would have to be
set aside. Then would come
the almost insurmountable
task of dismantling a city
and relocating it. Personal
belongings and building in
teriors would go first. Then
the buildings. those that
could be dismantled and re-
built cheaper than erecting
new ones, would be removed.
After the city had been
leveled the actual roots
would be dug up. Rail lines.
pipe lines. electrical and
telephone lines and even
streets and sidewalks would
be transplanted.
The new Berlin would be a
model city. Streets, CONNER
cial areas, residential Sec
tions, recreational facilities
and parks would be laid out
in advance. Commuter serv-
ices would be constructed as
an integral part of the city,
not as an afterthought. 1t
would truly be a shining ex-
ample OF what could be done
in a democracy and 1t would
be surrounded by a democ-
racy.
Again Berlin would be the
capital Of Germany in a free
Germany.
Jerome M. SakS.
Evening star., 1961-02-27
Lowdown on FIyinq

Charles r. MCGUIRE says in
q letter: Outside Of these
attitudes pilots are on their
own. they must use VFR
visual flight rules) even in
bad weather." If Mr.. MCGUIRE
would like some facts con-
corning VFR and IFR dn-
strument flight rules) he may
acquire same by reading
Civil Air Regulations Part
so" for sale by the Super
intendent Of Documents,
Washington Is, DC.
Mr.. MCGUIRE says. THE
FAA charged United Air
Lines with negligence and
United Air Lines charged the
FAA with failure to conduct
proper GCA (ground control
approach) procedures" For
Mr.. McGuire'S information
the pilots of air carrier air.
craft in the United States
will not accept Q GCA but
prefer to utilize the lis
instrument landing system).
The reason is simple. The
pilot does not wish to have
a GCA controller instructing
him but would rather assume
full responsibility even
though the GCA system has
proved to be an invaluable
aid in bringing aircraft to q
safe landing in near zero zero
conditions.
Mr.. MCGUIRE suggests that
In the New York mid-air
tragedy. the FAA should have
rerouted the United and the
TWA planes back to their
respective departure points
or to an alternate airport.
Again, for Mr.. McGuire'S
information, airports and air.
lines have various weather
minimumS Of ceiling and
visibility and in this partic-
ular instance the criteria
were met. The responsibility
to proceed to an alternate
airport rests solely with the
air line and the pilot in
command of the aircraft.
Roger OverOut.
Evening star., 1961-02-27

PARIS
1t isn't very surprising that
the people out at Camp DeS
Loges don't want to talk
about their officers club or
that all comment on Presi-
dent Kennedy's order stop
ping a proposed 100000 re-
modelling job should be firmly
muzzled by orders from on
high.
There's no point, after all,
in starting an argument that
you're bound to lose. 1t
doesn't matter If the project
was justified, If the present
building is in miserable
shape, If its facilities are
inadequate for 800 men who
have to eat there or If the
plumbing leaks.
It makes no difference
either If the money was to
have been raised entirely
from the operation Of the
club itself.
Everybody who knows any
thing knows that all officers
clubs, wherever they may be,
are "plushy" and that any
money spent on them is
wasteful. Everybody will
agree that the unidentified
woman who Squealed to Mr..
Kennedy was doing no more
than her patriotic duty. So
far as the military is con-
cerned, the incident is closed.
And the sooner it is forgot
ten. the better.
Servicemen Affected
There Is perhaps one small
point to be kept in mind,
however. The half million
servicemen Mr.. Kennedy has
pledged to keep overseas ac-
count, together with their
dependents, for a sizable part
of the annual dollar deficit
of the United States that Mr..
Kennedy is naturally anxious
to eliminate. But the effort
to cut down what these men
spend abroad must in the
end be almost entirely a vol
untary effort on their part.
It would be a very bad idea
to give these men the idea
that the whole responsibility
for plugging the dollar gap
is being unloaded on them.
It is not too hard to create
this impression. Quite apart
from officers clubs, it il
servicemen overseas and not
civilians back home who are
being told that they should
give up things like Scotch
whisky, Danish beer, Ger
man cameras and foreign
cars. 1t is they land not
American tourists who are
being advised to stop throw
ing their money around and
buy savings bonds instead.
Economic Problem
The dollar deficit admit
tedly Is not just a military
problem. 1t Is q problem OF
the American economy as q
whole. Sooner or later 1t is
possible that the men who
are overseas in the service
Evening star., 1961-02-27

1t was a special job, made
necessary for observations Of
the American satellite Echo.
The story is recorded by
engineer Kenneth w. Rine-
heart, in a report to Survey
headquarters.
Years ago it had been
established by Peruvian engi-
neerS that this point was
marked by an old lighthouse
on the Peruvian coast, long
since abandoned. The job
was to relocate the ruins of
this old lighthouse and estab-
lish its precise geodetic posi-
ton on the earth's surface.
The engineers found that
there were no available data
to help in their search.
They finally found the
site Of the lighthouse. This
most westerly extension of
the South American content,
Mr.. Rinehart reports. "is
among the most wind-swept
points along the entire coast.
The light no longer performs
its function Of guiding ships.
The windows are broken out
and frosted from the un-
ceasing abrasion of the wind
swept sand.
Old Survey Marker Found
THE wind whipped into
the eyes, ears, noses and hair
and filtered through cloth
ing, with cutting and burn
ing action. The discomfort
was greatly soothed, how
ever, by the discovery of an
old survey marker-the rusted
remains of what had once
been an iron pipe set in con-
crete. 1t had been placed
there by Peruvian surveyors
38 years ago."
This, however. was. only
the starting point for the
real job undertaken by the
survey engineers. Sighting
proved impossible, between
three points of a triangle.
Says the report: "The
fierce wind sweeping from
the Pacific across the Sc
chura Desert raised so
much dust that an entire
mountain range was oblit-
Grated from view and the
next morning the whole area
was covered with the pea
soup fog which is character
iStic of the Peruvian coast
during the winter months.
When the fog started to lift
the wind again had filled the
air with sand and visibility
was impossible"
Thus the situation con-
tinued day after day. A party
tried to climb a nearby high
mountain to set up a signal
light which might be visible.
The light eventually was
set up with a clear sky over
head and the party came
down in bitter cold, often
sliding hundreds of feet so
that "the seats of their heavy
duty khaki pants looked as
though they had been rid
died with buckshot."
Evening star., 1961-02-27
WATCHING THE WORLD
GIs Alone Won't Cure Dollar Gap
BY CROSBY S. MOVES
FOREIGN Correspondent Of The Star

Of the United States May
start to ask why special
sacrifices are being asked Of
them.
asked" is the right word.
Orders can be issued to stop
military construction. For
eign-made goods can be
banished from military post
exchanges. But when 1t
comes to what the individual
GI does with his own pay
check, the decision Is strictly
up to him. Secretary Of
Defense Mcnamara can only
ask each serviceman to save
$50 a year to cut down the
deficit. And what Is known
in military jargon as the
command emphasis" being
given to the savings program
is not the same thing as a
command"
In fact, however, the re-
sponse of the rank and file
has been excellent. The wave
Of relief that followed Mr..
Kennedys withdrawal Of the
order to ship dependents
home has been accompanied
by a rather impressive will
ingness to help in coping
with the problem. Eighty
Dollar Clubs" have sprung up
throughout the European
command and though actual
savings are not easy to
measure at this point, top
officers estimate them in the
items of millions of dollars"
each year.
Car Purchases Hit
Not that any buy-American
program is easy to sell. Mr..
Mcnamara suggested hope
fully that servicemen might
stop paying dollars for Euro
pean cars and buy Fords in
stead. And so they might. If
Fords sold for $1,400, went
80 miles TO a gallon and could
turn around in q European
street. The sad fact that they
do none of these things ac-
counts very simply for the
$1,000 foreign cars owned by
servicemen in the European
area. representing an outlay
Of some SIT million. And un-
less the laws Of economics
can be changed, an annual
increase Of 10000 cars or
$42 million is not likely to
change either.
These then are some of the
elementary facts that must
be faced in dealing with the
problem of military spending
abroad. AS long as American
forces remain overseas-and
it had better be a long time
no executive Stop-order is
going to save more than the
proverbial drop in the bucket.
Any real saving will come
about only with the volun-
tary effort Of servicemen
themselves-officerS includ-
ed. And before anyone. con-
graduates himself too loudly
on 100000 saved at Camp
DeS Loges, the real problem
may deserve some thought.
Evening star., 1961-02-27
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDTiteTs' correct
names and addresses. All let
terS are subject to condensG-
ton. Those not used tDill be
returned only tDhen accom-
pGnte4 By self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-02-27
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
City Where Balboa Died Rediscovered
By THOMAS R. HENRY

BALBOA, Canal Zone
Rediscovery Of a lost city
once a ajor Spanish
stronghold in the New World
where the explorer Balboa
was beheaded in the city
square, has just been re-
ported by the Navy here.
The city was Acla, at the
farthest end Of the San Bias
islands. 1t has completely
dropped out Of history for
nearly four centuries. The
discovery was made by 1t.
Edgar l.. Kilborn of the
United States minesweeper
Thrush on a training voy-
age.
The Thrush discovery is
thoroughly documented with
more than 5000 feet of movie
film and hundreds Of still
pictures taken in the depths
Of the jungle which long
since has covered the site.
Among the most important
findings were an ak, car
penter's plane. chipping in
struments and a pitch buck
ct. Acla in its day was a
shipbuilding center of sorts.
Also were found were hum
dreds of pieces Of Indian
and Spanish pottery and
some ancient ship lanterns.
All these will form part of
the collections of the Uni
versity Of Panama.
Balboa Told to Rebuild
Acla, according to the rec
ords, was founded in about
1850 by Pedro Arias de
Avila. Shortly afterwards the
city was destroyed by hostile
Indians and Balboa was
given the assignment of re-
building it. He was also
charged with building sail
ing ships for further explo-
ration of the Pacific,
The famous explorer, how
ever, soon was at odds with
Avila, the governor of Pan
ANA, and was sentenced to
lose his head. The head was
placed on a pole in the city
square to remind people
what would happen to them
If they dared dispute their
governor. BY 1852 only a few
persons remained in Acla and
literally nothing has been
heard Of it since.
The real objective of the
Navy expedition was to estab-
lish a precise east-west base
line for surveys. This line
is about $500 feet long, the
extremities marked for two
range markers. Indians of
the area promised Lieut.. Kill
born that these markers
would be respected. Through
out the search they were
quite cooperative, he reports.
+ y
Precise position of the
westernmost spot on the
South American continent
has been established by
engineers of the Inter-Amer-
lean Geodetic Survey-with
a considerable admixture of
adventure in the search.
Evening star., 1961-02-27
Slow Burn

One Of the more painful
aspects of this winters
boreal weather is the steady
hum from the meter box as
1t counts up what I owe the
gas company to heat my
hovel. Being a moncpolist,
the gas company is granted
a rate structure by the Util-
tiles Commission which guar
antees it an attractive profit
year in. year out. Strictly as
a bonus from this freakish
weather. the gas company
stands to make a killing this
year.
No one begrudges the own
erS a reasonable and consis-
tent profit-perhaps even a
little extra this year, as they
have had to keep those dis
armed bandits we'll oiled. But
just once how about the pub
lie? Why not an emergency
rate reduction so as to avoid
the exorbitant profits the
company will rake in as bonus
from this monstrous weather.
T. v. Ryan.
Evening star., 1961-02-27

erouS to a conquered foe. Rev.
Hoffman has no funds to
help with his work except
what is given to him by peo-
pie sympathetic to his work.
Edith Mirick.
Evening star., 1961-02-27
NopoIeon-Josephine

THE Fashion Notebook, "
by Eleni. is a column that
I read daily with avid inter-
est and thorough enjoyment.
However. in The Star of
February 81, Eleni states that
the Empress Josephine
launched the Empire style
while awaiting the birth of
Napoleon's heir.
This statement. I am
afraid, is inaccurate. Accord
ing to historians. Josephine
was never pregnant during
her marriage to Napoleon
Bonaparte. Her two children,
Eugene and Hortense, were
by her first husband, M.
Alexandra de Beauharnais,
who was executed during the
French Revolution.
Napoleon's heir, the King
Of Rome, was born Of the
Emperor's union with Maria
Luisa of the Austrian En-
pire.
Iune Eelssai
Evening star., 1961-09-26
ICA FEEDS THE HUNGRY, Sims
THE FATTIES, SENATOR SAYS

Senator John j. Williams Republican of Delaware
said today the American program of feeding under
nouShed peoples has been successful the International
Cooperation Administration finds it necessary to put
some of them a diet
He said in a statement that more than 48 900 cans
OF Merecal recently have been sent South Wet Nam
under the foreign aid program
But an 1CA official said the agency has asked the
government Of South Wet Nam for refund of the 900
purchase price He said this done through normal
procedures and before Senator Williams complained
Pointing out, however that the product can be used
as supplement in of manutriton the TCA said
the purchase might be entirely proper if South Wet Nam
can show that it bought for legitimate thera-
peutic use"
In that case our controller might have to reconsider
his decision" the official said
He explained that the purchase order had come
through marked simply: Medicinal milk in powder
tMetTecaD, and Specuated that South Wet Namese
official who approved the order thought the product was
a brand name for powdered milk.
Evening star., 1961-09-26
UAW Gets Offer
From Harvester

CHICAGO. Sept. 26 (AP) -
The United Auto Workers un-
ion has been offered a three
year contract providing a raise
in wages and expanded fringe
benefits for some $4,000 work.
ers in International Harvester
Co. plants.
The Harvester proposal, taken
under study by the union yes
terday, calls for a pay raise of
212 per cent a year, Or 6 cents
an hour, whichever is greater
1t also includes a liberalized
vacation program, greater GOV.
erage of the pension, health
welfare, life insurance and dis
ability programs and a more
liberal supplemental unem-
ployment benefit plan. The
union said the average wage for
workers in the company's l3
plants and 7 parts depots is
$3.50 an hour.
The company also proposed
expense paid transfers for
qualified employees if it
switches any major operations
to another plant.
Evening star., 1961-09-26

that a quorum Of House mem
berS could have been produced,
had the measure been subjected
to a roll call vote.
The bill is in the form of a
conference report, passed by the
Senate last Saturday.
The revenue measure would
produce about $13 million IN
the current fiscal year. 1t car
ries an increase in the sales
tax from 2 to per cent and a
new tax on real estate sales.
Without the passage of the
bill, the city's $270 million bud
get would have to be reduced
by about SIS million-the yield
the sales tax would produce for
the remainder of this fiscal
year.
Evening star., 1961-09-26
REVENUE
Continued From !

COnLInueQ from First Page
aid program if the District was
successful.
Representative Roose welt,
Democrat of California, then
got the floor to tell House
members it was time to face up
to the basic issue of Federal
aid to education.
Representative Ford, Repub-
lican of Michigan, called the
revenue bill just a "gimmick
to bypass the regular appro-
priation process"
AS the House debate flared,
the Senate quietly and unani-
mously voted to add $5 million
in funds available for schools
overcrowded with children
whose parents live or work on
Federal property.
enator Humphrey, Democrat
OF Minnesota, introduced the
budget amendment and Sena-
tor Morse explained it.
Senator Morse explained that
If the Senate adds SIS million.
and the House adopts the Dis
trict grant. there will be no
question that all impacted
schools will receive full Federal
impacted aid entitlements.
House members have argued
that schools in the States may
receive only SO per cent of their
full entitlement if the District
is in the program.
The revenue bill was stalled
yesterday when House leaders
and Mr.. Mcmillan decided not
to take a chance with a vote.
There was also the doubt
Evening star., 1961-09-26

establishment of a standing
cadre of investigators to study
threats to the peace.
Stage two provides for furth-
er steps in developing the IDO,
reducing armed forces and
armament, limiting the nuclear
threat, junking missile systems
and developing peace-keeping
machinery.
Stage three would have all
states maintain only the non-
nuclear forces for maintaining
internal security; make regular
contributions to the U. N. peace
force; stop manufacture of
arms except those approved by
lido and leave peace-keeping
to the United Nations exclu-
sively.
Evening star., 1961-09-26
Soviet Letter
Hardens Stand
On Inspection
BY a Star Staff Writer

UNITED NATIONS, New
York. Sept. 26.-President Ken
nedy's new program for gen.
eral disarmament appeared to
have even less chance of max
ing important headway because
of a hardened Soviet position
on inspection and control just
come to light.
Soviet Deputy Foreign Min
lister Valerian Zorin spelled out
in writing. in letter to presi-
Dental disarmament adviser
John j. McCloy last Thursday,
how his government wants in
ternational inspection to work.
Only arms released for scrap
ping or storage by the Inter-
national Disarmament Organ
ization could be inspected, un-
der the Soviet concept, not
arms remaining in national
arsenals. Thus the world
would never know when a
country had run out" of arms.
whether it was repleniShing it's
stocks secretly, or if it were
evading the agreement in some
other way. u
New Explanation
Mr.. zorin's Characterization
Of this. which has been heard
before, is that the Soviet Union
favors control over disarmament
but not control over armament.
What had not been received in
official writing before was a
clear explanation of what this
means.
Here are excerpts from the
zorin letter to Mr.. McCloy:
While being for effective
control over disarmament and
desiring to facilitate as much
as possible the reaching of
agreement on such control, the
Soviet Union at the same time
resolutely opposes establishment
Of control over ornaments.
1T follows from your letter
that the United States seeks to
establish control over armed
forces and ornaments which
will be retained by States at the
various stages of disarmament
However, such control, which in
fact means control over arma-
ments, would become an inter-
national system of legalized
espionage, which of course can
not be accepted by any State
which is interested in its Secu-
rity and in the maintenance OF
world peace.
Agreement More Difficult
The United States position
in this matter, if the United
States continues to insist on
the above mentioned clause,
cannot but make more difficult
agreement on a program of
general and complete disarma-
ment, general principles of
which have been agreed between
us.
"As to the Soviet Union, it
will continue to exert every
effort to develop as promptly
as possible a treaty on general
and complete disarmament un-
Evening star., 1961-09-26

der effective international con-
troll"
Thus Russia was indicating
clearly-but only privately
that it was still interested only
in disarmament where it would
not be possible to verify that
levels Of armament of the par
ticipating powers were roughly
in balance.
The formulation permitted
Premier Khrushchev and
others to claim publicly, how
ever, that the Soviet Union
would accept strict controls if
the United States would only
acceps general and complete
disarmament.
Evening star., 1961-09-26
Republican Election
In Mobile Confirmed

MOBILE, Ala, Sept. 26 CAP)
An official canvass yesterday
confirmed the election of a Re-
publican to the Mobile City
Commission.
The official count showed
Republican George E. McNally,
a former assistant United
States attorney, defeated
Mayor Henry R. LuScher by a
margin of 1913 in Saturdays
runoff election.
The count was l6,461 for Mr..
McNally, a newcomer to poll
tics, and 14,648 for the To-
year-old LuScher. The candi-
dates did not run on party
lines.
Evening star., 1961-09-26
9TH Year Of Asylum

BUENOS AIRES, Argentina,
Sept. 26 (AP).-Two former
police officers of the Juan
Peron regime this week started
their seventh year of asylum
in the Paraguayan Embassy.
The government claims they
tortured political prisoners and
refuses the give them exit per-
mits.