davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-02-08
All or Nothing?

In q letter on this page, Mrs.
Dorothy P. Mcclure, vice president Of
the Montgomery County Committee for
Fair Representation, declares that "fair"
representation in the Maryland Legisla-
ture means neither more nor less than
representation on the basis Of popula-
ton, and that nothing short Of this
goal is worthy Of support. AS a matter
Of principle, this argument is unas-
sailable. But as a matter of tactics in
the reapportionment struggle now under
way in Annapolis 1t leaves something to
be desired.
Certainly the So-called Northrop-
Pine bill falls short Of the ideal toward
which the under-repreSented citizens
of Montgomery, Prince Georges, Balti-
more and Anne Arundel Counties should
continue to strive, for as many years in
the future as are necessary. The three
or four additional seats which each Of
these counties would pick up in the
House Of Delegates under this bill still
would leave their residents with only
fraction Of the representation enjoyed
by citizens in rural areas.
Rather than accept this political
expedient," the Montgomery County
Committee would prefer for the time
being to have nothing, in the hope that
the whole loaf might be obtained in the
future through more vigorous public
pressure.
But is this realistic hope? To
answer in the affirmative, it seems to
us, is to ignore the maxim that politics
is the art Of the possible. Except through
Federal court intervention Ia prospect
which hardly seems imminent), reap
portionment can come only through the
acquiescence Of members of the Legisla-
ture itself. Considering the existing
voting makeup Of the dominated
Legislature, it is hard to see how even
the most effective campaign in urban
areas could develop pressures strong
enough to accomplish equitable reap
portionment several years from now,
any more than it is possible today. AS
a step in the right direction-without
abandoning the ultimate goal-would
18 delegates from Montgomery and
Prince Georges not be better than IL?
It does not seem likely that Mr..
Northrop, as majority leader of the
senate and as the senator from Mont
gomery, would settle for anything less
than the best deal he can get. To do
otherwise, in view of the tremendous
support for reapportionment which
Montgomery voters expressed in petit
tions last November, would be form Of
political suicide.
The fact is, however, that even the
modest improvement proposed by the
Northrop-Pine bill is far from certain
of enactment Those who have worked
SO hard for fair representation should
not now unintentionally aid the power
full forces in the Legislature who want
nothing so much as to preserve the
status quo.
Evening star., 1961-02-08

appear to offer some relief
for the more populous coun-
ties. but it would give them
less than half the representa-
tion they are entitled to and
makes no provision for the
future growth in population
which we &now will continue
to occur for many years. The
point should be made also
that even If no bill is passed
in this session we will not
have lost the fight. The
earliest date that a bill can
affect representation in the
General Assembly is 1865. I
believe that I represent the
views Of most Of the voters
in Montgomery County when
I voice the plea that our
delegation to Annapolis vigor-
ously oppose any reapportion-
ment bill that does not pro-
vide for representation on
the basis of population. Fair
representation is bound to
come eventually; let it not
be delayed by our acceptance
Of political expedients.
Dorothy p. Mcclure.
Vice President Montgomery
County Committee for
Fair Representation
Evening star., 1961-02-08
D. e. Welfare

District residents are In
debted to Commissioner Mark
Sullivan, jr.. for the common
sense suggestions he has
made on welfare programs in
the Nations Capital. Welfare
recipients must be rehabili-
tated and sent back to work.
Job opportunities for unem-
ployed and unemployables
alike must be developed.
All responsible citizens
should consider q legacy Of
the late President Franklin
Roosevelt in q message to
Congress on January 4, 1885:
Continued dependence
upon relief induces o spirit
ual and moral disintegration
fundamentally destructive to
the national fibre. To dole
out relief is to administer q
narcotic, q subtle destroyer Of
the human spirit :"
President RooSevelt's solu.
ton was a program to pro-
vide work for all persons able
to work-if private business
couldn't, the Government
must, on projects which were
% q permanent contribution
to the Nation, (2) self-liqui-
dating, and co not competi-
tive with private enterprise
q security wage" which
would not deter private en-
ployment. Some Of the de-
pressed-area legislation now
pending in Congress proposes
similar programs. The in
creasing welfare burden (21
million next year, suggests
the District should explore
such possibilities.
The District Of Columbia
must do more to get people
off direct relief and back to
work. Commissioner Sullivan
has performed q service for
his Nation by laying some
emphasis on this problem.
Carl L. Shipley,
Republican State Commit
tee for D. C.
Evening star., 1961-02-08
Antitrust yoI Terms

IL may De true That some or all OF
the men who have been sentenced to
jail In the electrical antitrust case
were, In sense, victims of long standing
practices in their industry. It also is
obviously true, however, that they can
hardly be considered innocent victims.
In the first place, they entered pleas
ofgu1kty or nolo contendere (no defense).
Secondly, these men were not clerks.
Some were vice presidents of the
largest corporations in the electrical
industry, and one, at least, received a
salary in excess Of 100000 year.
There is no escaping the conclusion that
they knew what they were doing when
they participated in secret meetings
with supposed competitors and resorted
to cedes In fixing prices and rigging
oids-in plain violation Of the anti
trust laws.
There is dispute as to whether
Shestopmost officials in the corporations
involved were aware Of what the second
fight officials were doing. During the
sentencing lawyer for General Electric
took vigorous exception to suggestion
~ Judge Ganey that the policy-making
corporate officials must have known
what was going on. However, another
lawyer, representing GE vice presi-
followed long established company policy
IN getting together with competitors.
IN any event, Judge Ganey took the
view. that "the real blame" is to be laid
at the doorstep of the corporations and
those who "guide and direct" their
policy-even though there was not
SUFFICIENT evidence to indfct the latter.
One would have to be "naive indeed
he said, to believe that these violationt
# the antitrust laws over such a lonS
certod Of time and involving so many
millions of dollars were facts unknown
"to those in the highest echelons Of the
corporations involved"
Whatever .one'S estimate as to this
disputed point, there can be no doubt,
as Judge Ganey put it, that the admitted
violations shave flagrantly Knocked that
image of the economic system Of free
enterprise which we profess to the
country" The penalties now imposed,
n particular the jail sentences, may
Seem harsh, especially in the cases Of
those defendants with records as men
cf high standing in their home COM
nuhities and in the business world. The
facts of this case show, however, that
arm action by the court was justified
NOT alone as punishment but as
warming to others who may be similarly
tempted. We have no doubt that this
vas anything but pleasant business
iori former Attorney General Rogers
and those members of his staff in active
charge Of the case. But it was their
duty to prosecute, and they deserve the
tribute paid to them by Judge Ganey.
Evening star., 1961-02-08
Admonishes Lawrence

David Lawrence's vitupera-
tive remarks on the admin
istration's first week recall
the apt observation Of a 10th
Century French philosopher:
"All public actions are sub
jeet to uncertain and diverse
interpretations. for too many
heads judge them" Quite
obviously. Mr.. Lawrence's
judgment has been greatly
Soured by the political mis-
fortunes Of his party. It Is
a pity, for one somehow ex-
poets more circumspection Of
q person Of his stature and
experience.
"All things are weak and
tender at their BIRTH" my
philosopher goes on to say.
Certainly no one expects the
young administration to pro-
ceed in perfect coordination
these first few weeks. The
wonder is that it has done so
well.
AS to Mr.. Lawrence'S i'm.
pressionS Of abusive censor
ship and appeasement Of the
Soviets, one must suppose
that he wrote his column
heatedly and hurriedly with
out pausing for reflection on
the larger issues at stake
and certainly before having
heard the Presidents forth
right state - Of the Union
message. Il, Lilies.
Evening star., 1961-02-08
Old New Orleans

It is very obvious that the
Hon. deLesseps s. Morrison,
Mayor Of New Orleans, was
fishing for the Yankee dol
lar" when he tried to con-
done the lack Of Christian
decency in his city and State.
The Mardi Gras is pagan
ritual in its worst form, and
how it should precede the
season of Lent is beyond all
reasoning.
Having visited that "hos-
pitable, courteous and charm
ing" city last summer, I
found none Of these requi-
sites. Naturally I visited the
French Quarter, a dirty
spiritually and physically
firetrap with more come-onS
than a con" playing Three
card Monte.
I was even more disguised
by Louisiana, when I visited
the Capitol Building in Baton
Rouge in time to hear the
Hon. Jimmie Davis, Governor
and gospel singer, try to get
his famous "Voter DisQualifi-
cation Bill" passed. It's points
to deny voting were: con-
victed Of misdemeanor and
served six months prior to
registration; giving birth to
or fathering an illegitimate
child five years prior to reg
istration: lived in common
law marriage five years prior
to registration. etc. The ses-
sion was a real three-ring
circus with shirt-sleeved and
cigar smoking legislators
milling around and shouting.
Charles Garland.
The letter from deLesseps
Morrison merely proves what
most Americans have known
for centuries: that 1t is pos
sible to be hospitable and at
the same time allow for in
dividual choice of associates.
Federal integration, like pro-
hibition, is doomed to failure.
1t is human nature to segre-
gate.
The segregated social pat
tern Of life common to the
Southern States is Just as
common to States above the
Mason-Dixon Line. Indeed, I
have found stronger race
prejudice in New York and
Massachusetts than I have
found in Virginia or Georgia.
Virginian.
Evening star., 1961-02-08
Takes Snow in Stride

Our pioneer ancestors must
be ashamed Of us the way we
let 6 or 8 inches Of snow get
us down.
Washington business dies
when 1t SHOWS. Conducting
the funeral are the District
Commissioners, the newspa-
pers and radio and television
stations. All of the above
say Get off the streets! Dop't
drive stay home" And
Washington business firms
lose millions Of dollars worth
of business much Of 1t
never recovered. Let's grow
up! Let's learn to live with
a little snow.
Keep the rules about no
parking on main thorough
fares, so they can be plowed.
Keep the rules for snow tires
or chains. But otherwise,
tell people to drive carefully
but pursue their normal ac-
tivities.
Someone may say this is
q selfish viewpoint on the
part Of Washington business
men. There's nothing wrong
with that. However, not cnly
business suffers, but the D.
c. and Federal Government
both suffer along with bust.
ness. When Washington busi-
ness dies, taxes die with it.
For future SHOWS, let's Etop
shouting at people Stay
home!" and let Washington
business live through them in
q normal way.
COurtIaud ID. Ferguson
Evening star., 1961-02-08
Rusk on the Americas

Dean Rusk, in his first news con-
ference as Secretary Of State, has put
significantly heavy emphasis on the
problems Of Latin America and our
countrys resolve to help promote
helhispheric solution Of them, economi-
cal1y, socially and politically.
The problems, as the Secretary has
said, have been dramatiZed by what has
happened in Cuba-a tragedy" COM
pounded Of "the earlier neglect Of the
Cuban people and the recent imposition
Of an alien theology which is seeking to
extend its dictatorial system to all Of
Latin America" This system, Of course,
is otherwise known as Red
totalitarianism-and it is a much
deadlier thing than authoritarian rule
of the sort practiced by the Batista
regime in Havana prior to Fidel CaStro's
Kremlin-serving revolution" AS to that,
Mr.. Rusk has made the following pointed
comment:
The peoples Of Latin America have great
and growing aspirations. am confident that
they realize, as we do. that their aspirations
can best and most rapidly be fulfilled through
q system based on freedom.
The orderly progress in the solution Of the
basic economic problems of the hemisphere
will be enhanced by the growth in the Ameri-
can republics Of the type Of institutions which
flourish under representative democracy. We
are prepared to cooperate actively with the
other American states to end tyranny,
whether Of the Left or Right, and to
strengthen the economic and social bases Of
democracy. These are hemisphere prob
lens and they require hemisphere solution.
Accordingly, as Secretary Rusk has
affirmed, the United States-assuming
that the Latin Americans are themselves
determined to play positive, self-help
role in the VENTURES ready, willing and
eager to take part in great hemisphere
drive for progress AS he has put it, this
drive would be "a major cooperative
Evening star., 1961-02-08
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Animal Life in Pacific Surveyed
By THOMAS r. HENRY

Preliminary work now Is
underway on q complete re-
classification of the animal
life Of the Pacific.
This is the richest Of the
five oceans in variety of liv-
ing creatures, although not
necessarily in their abun-
dance. The survey, expected
to require years. is sponsored
by the Office Of Naval Re-
search and by the Atomic
Energy Commission, through
separate contracts with sew
eral institutions.
The survey Of fish, mol
luskS and marine inverte-
brateS is being carried out
by the Natural History Mu-
scum Of the Smithsonian
Institution. It includes not
only revision and reclassifica-
tion Of specimens now in the
museums Of the world, but
collection Of new types.
Smithsonian work at the
beginning Is now concentra-
ted on the sharks, of which
there Is q considerable var
iety in Pacific waters. DR.. j.
A. F. Garreck of Victoria
University. Wellington, NJ,
is at work in the museum
collection Of Spiny sharks.
DR.. John Stevens of the
University of California at
Los Angeles is working on
revision Of the Smithsonian
collection of the fish family
Of blennies.
Other Collections
DR.. L. B. Holthuis of the
University Of Leyden, Meth
erlands, is working on the
museum collection of spiny
Holsters. This is an unusu-
ally large collection of these
animals which never has ad-
equately been studied.
DR.. Carter Gilbert Of the
Museum staff is at work on
a definitive revision of the
hammerhead sharks.
Admittedly, this only re-
presents a start on q man.
moth project.
Although there are numer-
Gus collections in museums
all over the world from var
ious areas in the Pacific
much confusion still exists
over proper classifications
without which there can be
no adequate picture Of Paci-
fic life and the effects upon
1t Of changes in the envir-
onment. Such, for example,
as the increase of atomic
radiation in sea water.
4 4 \
Fragments Of Babylonian
inscribed stone tablets con-
stituting a book quite similar
to the Proverbs of the Old
Testament-supposed for the
most part to be the work of
King Solomon-have just
been discovered in Syria by a
French archaeological mission.
This find, one of the most
significant in Biblical arch
eology, is announced by the
Paris office Of UNESCO-
Evening star., 1961-02-08

@. Was the Battle of
Horseshoe Bend a Civil War
battle?-K. r.
A. This was an engage
ment in the War of 1912, be-
tween forces under General
Andrew Jackson and Creek
Indians, fought in the big
loop (bend) of the Talla-
poosa River at Tohopeka,
Ala, on March 20, 1914. The
English had induced some of
the Creeks to rise against the
Americans, and on August
80, 1918, they had carried
out a massacre of whites at
Fort Minis, Alabama. The
Battle of Horseshoe Bend de-
stroyed the Greek Indian pow
er. as only 200 Of their war.
riors escaped death.
Evening star., 1961-02-08
WATCHING THE WORLD
Bourguibo Peocemoker in Algeria
By CROSBY S. NOYI
Foreign Correspondent Of The stor

or that he fail. That would
be q catastrophe"
In one sense, 1t is almost
essential that Mr.. Bourguiba
should undertake the role Of
mediator between the Alge-
rian NationalistS and the
French government. AS head
of q state he can deal di-
rectly with Gen. de Gaulle,
while negotiations with the
rebel government would have
to be carried on at a lower
level. The experience at
Melun last June where ennis
saries bickered fruitlessly
over arrangements for cease
fire talks argues the case
for a top-level meeting at the
outset.
AIgeria's Best Chance
Above all, Mr.. Bourguiba.
himself, perSonifies the
chances Of a successful solu-
ton Of the Algerian conflict.
Having led his own country's
struggle for independence he
has intimate knowledge Of
the problems involved, in
cluding the question Of guar
antees for large European
minorities and phased with
drawal Of occupying French
military forces. While all the
problems have not been en-
tirely solved between France
and Tunisia-the dispute over
the naval base at Bizerte Is
one of them-Mr. Bourguiba
knows that, given time and Q
reasonable amount Of good
will on both sides, solutions
can be found.
From the French view
point, at least, Mr.. Bourgui-
ba is the ideal intermediary.
He Is in a position to tell
Gen. de Gaulle with some
precision what the strengths
and weaknesses Of the rebels
are. He knows their basic de-
mands for the organization
Of q new Algeria" and the
points on which they may be
willing to give ground. II his
mission Is successful, he
should be in q position to in
form his Algerian friends on
the same questions and re-
assure them as to the good
faith Of the French In seek
ing an acceptable compro-
mise.
Beyond this, however,
speculation on how the nego-
tiations may develop is q
fairly idle exercise. The big
gest unknown in the picture
Is how much real influence
> Mr.. Bourguiba still has with
his difficult guests. In recent
months Algerian rebel lead
ers have been placing more
and more reliance on their
friends in Cairo, Rabat and
Moscow, who are certainly
no friends Of Mr.. Bourguiba.
In Tunis. as in Paris, there
are determined men who will
do their best to see that the
new peace effort Is nipped In
the bud. And the road on
which the Tunisian President
Is embarking is still as dim
and as hazardous as ever.
Evening star., 1961-02-08
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDrtters' correct
names and addresses. All let
terS are subject to condensG-
tion. Those not used sDtl be
returned only iDhen accom-
panied BY self = addressed.
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-02-08

cording to one report, the
Governor opposes the Fair
Representation Committees
plan for reapportionment
because it calls for enlarging
the Senate as well as the
House of Delegates" I feel
quite certain that the Cover
nor is well aware that the
committees proposal does no
such thing. The language in
the bill is permissive rather
than mandatory; it provides
that if the legislature should
expand the Senate the extra
seats must go to the under
represented counties, but
there is no requirement that
the Senate be expanded.
Governor Tawes appears to
be indulging himself in
deliberate distortion Of the
facts, unless 1t is the case
that he has not read the bill.
Evening star., 1961-02-08

the knowledge that has been
passed down from generation
to generation among the
various trades has greatly
enriched the plant and made
it one Of the most valuable
assets this country possesses
in its field.
Millions Of taxpayers dol
lars brought this plant to its
present potential. Changes
may have to be made. but
to close it would be. to say
the least, a big waste.
William Y. Burgess.
Evening star., 1961-02-08

United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Or
ganization, which partially
sponsored the expedition Of
Prof. Claude Shaeffer to the
ruins Of the ancient city Of
Ugarit.
Altogether he collected
about 400 fragmentary tab
lets inscribed in Babylonian
cuneiform characters. Study
OF these at the Louvre Mu-
scum in Paris, according to
the UNESCO report, shows
that they are of particular
Importance.
They consist" says the re-
port, "of fragments Of Baby
lonian literary works-one a
story of the Deluge and a
Book Of Wisdom similar to
the one in the Old Testament
attributed to Solomon. One
OF the proverbs reads: Thou
shalt not let thy way know
where you put your purse.
Maritime Secrets Revealed
THE stone letters give new
information about maritime
operations in the 18th CEN
tury B. c. According to COM
munications exchanged be-
tween the king of Ugarit and
the king of Cyprus it appears
that the Ugarit fleet had
boats that could carry 500
tons Of merchandise.
Lexicon and encyclopedia
tablets were undoubtedly text
books for clerks and scholars,
The city was a very cosmopol-
itan center where the Ian
guageS spoken included Baby
lonian, Hurrian, Egyptian,
Hittite and Sumerian. Such
dictionaries and multi-lingual
vocabularies were indispens-
able to educated persons.
Previous documen
brought to light a system of
writing which uses % symbols
instead of the usual Baby
lonian 30-a sort of short
hand of that far-off time"
Evening star., 1961-02-08

1nkt40s
Tunisia's Habib Bourguiba,
who has been invited to
Paris to meet with President
de Gaulle, has all the quail
fications for the role Of
peacemaker in the Algerian
war.
He is, to begin with, one Of
the very few genuine states
men Of the Arab world. Al
though his personal stake in
the Algerian struggle is
greater than most, he has
seen 1t from the beginning in,
its broadest perspective. With
out sacrificing his stature as
q champion Of Arab inde-
pendence he has always
recognized the extraordinary
problems and riSks-involved.
It takes talent OF an un-
usual kind to play the role
that Mr.. Bourguiba has
played over the last six years.
AS host to the Algerian pro-
visional government, he has
managed somehow to keep
his independence. He has re-
mained staunchly pro-WeSt-
ern in his outlook and despite
repeated border incidents.
even his relations with
France have been compare
lively friendly.
His own interest in finding
q solution to the conflict is
compelling. The continued
presence within his borders
Of, more than 10000 armed
Algerians is q costly incon-
venience and has forced the
TuniSian government to
maintain q far larger army Of
its own than otherwise would
be needed. And, beyond this,
the war is an obstacle to Mr..
Bourguiba'S ambitions as the
leader in North Africa and
the newly liberated nations
Of the French Community.
More than many Arab
leaders, Mr.. Bourguiba is alert
to the danger Of Communist
intervention in the conflict.
For years he did his best to
persuade his Algerian col
leagues Of the folly Of turning
to Moscow and Peiping for
support. More recently, he
has been urgently warning
the West that unless peace
can be quickly established,
Decentralization of the
war in Algeria win become
inevitable.
Sees De GaulIe Only Savior
MIR. Bourguiba is convinced
furthermore, that Gen. de
Gaulle is the only man in
France capable Of imposing
q peaceful solution.
Gen. de Gaulle," he said
recently. "iS doing his best.
What he is doing is extremely
serious for France. He Is in
forming himself. He Is taking
precautions which may seem
to be excessive. But he must
avoid Q rupture within the
army or within the country
And 1t Is to no ones interest
that he take too great risks
Evening star., 1961-02-08
Our Ice Age

Although tenn porarily
transplanted from my native
Washington to the backwoodS
of western Pennsylvania. I.
nevertheless, feel the effects
Of Washington's Ice Age by
way Of chilling photos and
narratives in The Star. APP
parently the A b min a b ! e
Snowman is fast becoming
the Unbearable Snowman in
the shovel-weary Capital.
J. Kirk Wrinkle.
Latrobe, Pa.