davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1961-01-20
FROM OPEN COUNTRY
TO BOOMING TOWN

Population could come from only
one source: The Railroad. An in
dustrial center, PUNK in the center
of nowhere; in land where previous
ly, the scattered ranch families had
been required to spend a four day
round trip by blackboard to get the
mail.
Marmarth doomed! The population
scared to nearly two thousand. Eighty
some men were employed in the
round-house, over sixty men on the
rip track; three switch engines
worked in the yard; twenty-five road
crews worked out of this new ter
minal. Three helper engines were in
service; boosting the heavy east
bound freight trains out of the Little
Missouri River valley. The division
officials were headquartered at Mar
marth. Marmarth was the town; the
place to go into business; the town
with the future. The school building
that was completed in 1909 was soon
inadequate. Emigrant families were
being hauled into the country on
special rates, encouraged by the Rail-
road as we'll as the Government, to
Ego West, young man, go West.
Everything pointed toward growth,
expansion, prosperity and Marmarth
was center. Banks, stores, hotels;
stone buildings meant to be perma-
nent; still standing, with their names
and date of completion, carved in
the stone; monuments to the chess
game as it were, for the Railroad
soon pushed the button again and
Marmarth started the slide down.
Fifty-five families at one blow, when
the terminal went back to Mobridge,
South Dakota.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1961-01-20
Agency Sets Limits On
Lipstick Dyes

WASHINGTON, d. C.-(CNS)-
If lipsticks makers use Orange or
to dye their products, they must use
less than Sc by weight, Food & Drug
officials has announced. FDA found
these two dyes were toxic when used
in large doses. It's limits on these and
a dozen less controversial colors went
into effect the same day. They'll last
through 1862 when FDA will make
a final determination.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1961-01-20

debtedness and had started to build
the new school that the booming town
called for. Over hundred thousand
dollars, to partially complete the new
building. At the growth rate existing
then, construction would hardly be
interrupted before the necessary sum
to complete the structure would be
available but, the button had
been pushed. School buildings are
not built, nor are outstanding bonds
redeemed without people to pay
taxes. Boiler, plumbing fixtures,
everything salvageable was sold and
the few remaining taxpayers took on
the task of paying off the debt. 1t
has only been a few years since that
debt was paid up and the last bond
redeemed. Marmarth has not needed
bigger school building but, they
are and have been, for some time in
dire need of a new building.
Home after home was literally
abandoned and went to the county for
unpaid taxes. Valuation was at rock
bottom. Houses that today would cost
ten to twelve thousand dollars in
thriving community, then did well
to bring eight hundred dollars, if
you could find buyer.
With the dirty thirties, Marmarth
was once more populated. The county
owned houses were soon occupied
by welfare families and tax receipts
were paid with warrants that were
often not cashable at face value.
AND-DOWN FURTHER STILL
With dieselization, Marmarth slid
some more. The three shift round
house crew was reduced to one man.
The number of train and engine
crews that worked into Marmarth
was cut by two-thirds. In the fall of
1860, the people of North Dakota,
voted to abolish the third brakeman.
Marmarth has been the home terminal
for the three or four men holding
this job on the Milwaukee. Like Dizzy
Dean would say, we "slud' again.
You wanted to know what hap
pened to Marmarth when the Railroad
moved out. hope we have succeeded
in telling you with this generalization
but, the stories of the individuals,
the men and women, with their hopes,
failures and abandoned
homes, would make book.
We now have a population of less
than four hundred; barely able to
pay for our street lights; hundred
thousand dollar pigeon roost to re-
mind us, standing on the west side of
town.
A town planned, erected, aban-
doned and erased by a board of di-
rectors a thousand miles away.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1961-01-20
Marmarth, No. Oak.
1908 - 1861

The railroad
effects communiyobwe busnesswse and
graphically illustrated in the follows Mamrh N d.
made and literally destroyed railroad board directors
thousand miles In the Mamarh which be
number of if the
the Northern the Pacific
by the Interstate 1t worthy thought
consideration
congressional delegation.-EDITOR.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1961-01-20
By R. c. RUSHFORD and R. J.
CHRISTIANSON, Marmarth,
North Dakota

The railroad didn't come to Mar
marth; Marmarth came to the rail
road. In 1908, when the Milwaukee
Railroad, in their westward trek, ar
rived at the junction of the Little
Missouri River and Beaver Creek,
the building of two bridges and an
ample supply of water to satisfy the
needs of the steam locomotives, APP
parently decided the issue in the
minds of the policy makers of the
Railroad Company.
They pushed button, or what
have you, and Marmarth sprang into
being. 1t was designated as a terminal
and land surveyed, plotted and lots
sold for home sights and business
establishments by the Milwaukee
Land Company.
Other towns grew up along the
right of way: towns that had some
potential as future grain farming
centers. Marmarth had no such po-
tential. The eroded bad land area
Immediately surrounding Marmarth
is not conducive to large scale grain
farming and the tracts of land utilized
for grazing purposes will never con-
tribute a significant human popula-
ton.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1961-01-20
$50 Million Public Investment /.
$50 Million Public Investment . . .
State Forestry Needs More
Tools To Do It's Job Properly

The $78664949 of forest income for the last two
years has been used to bolster the income of the
schools cusoda institutions the units of the University
TENS and the Capitol building fund.- according beenal
report of the State Forestry Service
The state forests administered by Forester
Gareth Moon have formed basis the products
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1961-01-20
NEED OFFICE AND
RESEARCH BUILDING

The forestry office now located in
Jumbo Hall (soon to be demolished)
on the campus of Montana State Uni
versity in Missoula must be replaced
with a structure with space enough
for the required testing and research
demanded in modern forestry eco
nomics The latter would occupy COM
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1961-01-20
FROM HIGH HOPES TO
DEPTHS OF DESPAIR

- With. high hopes, the townspeople
had plunged the limit of bonded in
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1961-01-20
On the 18th day of Legislature
My true love said to me,
Where oh where, can the budget be

Rep. Ted Schwinder (D-Roose-
velt) acting minority floor leader in
the absence of Kermit Daniels last
Friday asked that the journal show
it was the 18th legislative day before
, the state budget arrived in Ehe
| House.
On the 18th legislative day only
the members of the Appropriations
Committee of the House and the
Finance and Claims Committee of the
Senate had copies.
Following Schwinden's pointed re-
marks about the matter, Rep. Tru-
man Bradford (D-Cascade) asked,
'tWhat budget?' Bradford said it
seemed only select few had been
honored with a copy.
ALIBIS, ALIBIS AND ALIBIS
Majority leader Jerome Anderson
Cry ellowstone) attempting to alb
solve the Republican leadership,
placed blame in several places. He
blamed state departments that had
not co-operated with the budget di-
rector; he blamed the legislative
council for having drawn an sim
possible bill'' and he blamed the last
legislature for passing such a bill.
Anderson said, eff there is any fault
it lies with the act itself | do
not think the legislative council gave
consideration to the task of the budg-
ct director. He suggested, rather
than criticize, we better take the
book and get down to work..
THE PRINTER
GETS THE BLAME!
Norris Nichols (R-Ravalli), chair
man of the Appropriation Commit
tee, blamed the publishing company
that was printing the budget and
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1961-01-20

state owns only small portion of
the commercial timber available in
Montana the depressed economic con-
ditions have affected the income pro-
ducing potential.
In 1859 timber was harvested in
16 counties from nine different
varieties of trees for green cut total
of 34,444,195 board feet.
The depression of 1860 slashed this
figure to 22,171,869, while the dead
cut dropped from 1,440,465 in 1859
to 661 400, making the drop in bust
ness in one year about third.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1961-01-20
ALWAYS, THE PRINTER
GETS THE BLAME!

Norris Nichols (R-Ravalli), chair
man of the Appropriations Commit
tee, blamed the publishing company
that was printing the budget and
Evening star., 1961-04-20


Democratic administration took
office, said he had mo criti-
cism" of the Presidents action
in the Cuban crisis. He termed
the situation in the Caribbean
very grave" and said, there
is nothing more irresponsible
than for someone outside Of
Government who does not have
knowledge of the facts to pop
off.
Consequently, I have no
criticism of what the President
has done, and will offer none
unless have some constructive
alternative to offer"
Backs Stand on Cuba
Mr.. Nixon said the United
States must do everything it
can. consistent with its treaty
obligations, to help the Cuban
people realize the goal OF free
dom. To the extent the ad-
ministration does this, he said,
"it will have my support"
The former Vice President
touched on a number Of do
mestic political questions in a
crowded news conference in
the Supreme Court chamber at
the Capitol. He said he was
not a candidate for the Repub-
lican nomination for Governor
of California in 1862 and would
not stimulate a draft. But, he
added, Il will not make a
Sherman-like statement" that
would foreclose all possibility
of his making the race.
Evening star., 1961-04-20
Senate Passes
WdgeIncrease
Kennedy Wins
Major Victory
BY the Associated press

The Senate today passed
President Kennedy's bill rails
ing the 81 an hour minimum
wage to SIPS by 1868 and
bringing 4,O86,OO0 additional
workers under the act.
Mr.. Kennedy won a smashing
victory in the five-day fight as
administration forces blocked
any major changes in his meas
ure before passing it.
The Senate outcome was in
contrast to House action last
month. The House defeated
the administration measure and
passed a bill providing for a
$115 floor with IL million
chain-store workers brought
under the act.
A Senate House committee
will now try to compromise the
differing bills, with administra-
ton hopes high that legislation
acceptable to it will result.
Measure Passes, 65-28
The roll-call vote passing the
bill was 65-28, with 81 Demo-
Gratis and IA Republicans for
See WAGE, Page b.
Evening star., 1961-04-20
Joe KeIIy's Laurel Selections
and Earlier Results, Page d.
Air Violation Charged

TOKYO, April 20 (AP).-
Peiping Radio claimed today two
United States military planes
penetrated Chinese Communist
air space above Pinghai and
Swabue in Kwangtung province.
The l42d serious warning "in
relation to these military provo
cations"-will be made, the
broadcast added.
Evening star., 1961-04-20

He termed the California
governorShip the most i'm
portant political contest in the
Nation in 1862 and said that
in his role as party leader in
California Il will do anything
necessary" to see that Cali
fornia elects a Republican gov
ernor.
Mr.. Nixon said that whoever
runs for Governor of California
in 1862 could not be elected
and then Immediately run for
President of the United States.
Too Soon to Evaluate
Mr.. Nixon said it was too
soon to evaluate Mr.. Kennedy''
performance in office, but he
predicted that the President
would risk his current popu-
larity if he used the power
of his office to benefit his
party, rather than the national
interest.
Whenever Mr.. Kennedy is
able, as President Eisenhower
did, to convince the people
that he is putting the national
interest above party, he can
maintain his popularity, but if
he puts it to partisan use, he
can destroy it very quickly"
Mr.. Nixon promised to offer
fuller criticism of the Ken
nedy administration and to
set forth some of his own sug-
gestions on national policy in
a speaking tour that begins in
Chicago on May 5.
He said he was not con-
Ncerned with the dispute over
his right to be regarded as the
"titular leader" of the Rerrb-
lican Party-an honor Senator
Goldwater, Republican of Ari-
zona, has said Mr.. Nixon has
no right To claim.
The former Vice President
said the title really doesn't
mean anything" Nationa,
leadership of the Republicans
he said, is the responsibility o1
a number of people, including
former President Eisenhower
the Republican congressional
See NIXON, Page A;
Evening star., 1961-04-20
Rusk Predicts Fiqht
In Cubo Will Continue

a speech he had scheduled in
Atlanta, Ga.
White House Press Secretary
Pierre Salinger made the an
nouncement Of the cabinet
meeting in matter of fact
fashion. But it was only the
fourth time Mr.. Kennedy has
convoked the full cabinet since
taking office. Mr.. Kennedy
also called a meeting of the
National Security Council for
Saturday after postponing a
planned visit to watch naval
maneuvers that day off Florida.
Mr.. Salinger said the meet
ing was called two weeks ago
for the specific purpose of re-
viewing the budget for the next
fiscal year, but he assumed
there was discussion OF CUBA.
Disappointment Noted
He said he did not think the
cabinet would meet without
Mr.. Kennedy giving some re-
port on the Cuban situation.
United States officials in
private reactions made no
effort to conceal their disap-
pointment at the apparent
collapse of the invasion opera
ton. The rebel stroke failed
to trigger the massive defec-
tions and uprlSings in Cuba
which some authorities obvi-
ously had hoped would put a
quick end to the pro-Com-
munist Havana government.
Authorities were at a loss
See CABINET, Page b.
Evening star., 1961-04-20

strike. 1t declared United
States intervention would have
dire consequences.
Disappointed Washi ng ton
took the view that the invaders,
a relatively small force, had
suffered defeat but that the
fight against Castro will con-
tinue.
The Swiss government re-
ported to Washington that 20
Americans had been arrested in
Havana, where the Castro re-
gime was reported herding
hundreds of suspected counter
revolutionaries into prison. The
Swiss said there were uncon-
See CUBA, Page AS
Evening star., 1961-04-20

at 3:25 am. which said the
government victory occurred at
$50 pm. yesterday.
Waves of hope swept through
Cuban exiles in the United
States, however, when a rebel
broadcast from Cuba's central
mountains declared the main
invading force had fought past
Soviet tanks into the interior,
joined guerrillas and will carry
on the struggle against the pro-
Red regime.
Soviet press and radio hailed
the Castro announcement as a
blow to the United States but
declared another armed attack
on Cuba may be imminent.
Moscow Radio charged United
States Marines were poised to
Evening star., 1961-04-20
Market Declines.
Closes IrrequIurly

NEW YORK, April 20 tAP)
The stock market slipped into
a decline today and closed ir-
regularly. Key stocks showed
gains or losses of fractions to a
point, but a few speculative
issues forged ahead.
Litton Industries advanced
more than 4 and Revlon and
Polaroid added about 3 each,
The aircraft-missile group con-
tinued to advance because of
the international situation,
Evening star., 1961-04-20
BULLETIN
Security Bill Passed

The House late today
passed, 1914, a social Sc
curity bill allowing reduced
benefits for male workers re-
firing at 62 instead of SIS. The
measure would increase from
S33 to $40 the minimum
monthly payments for ap-
prOximately 2 million persons
and be financed by a tax in
crease of Is of 1 per cent
each on employees and en-
plOyerS.
Evening star., 1961-04-20
Big Tax Break
Asked as Spur
To Investment
Kennedy Proposes
Curb on Abuses,
Expense Accounts
BY LEE NJ. COIN
Star Staff Writer

President Kennedy asked
Congress today to spur eco
nomic growth by granting a
SIT billion tax break for busi-
ness investment. He proposed
to recoup the revenue loss this
would cause by cracking down
on expense account living"
and eliminating other tax "in-
equities"
In a special tax message
'bulging g with controversial
recommendations, the PreSi-
dent said his plan would help
modernize American business
and create 100000 jobs. He
said a possible general tax cut
should wait until next year.
The message, which Mr..
Kennedy said provided a first
though urgent step" toward
broad tax reform slated for
1862, coupled its recommended
incentive for business invest
ment in this country with a
proposal to reduce the deficit
in the United States balance
payments by decreasing tax
benefits enjoyed by American
firms doing business abroad.
Business investment in new
factories and machinery at
home would be encouraged
through tax credits for in
creased capital spending, in
stead of through the more or
thodoX device of accelerated
depreciation allowances or tax
Write-offs."
Would Limit Deductions
To compensate for the SIT
billion of revenue lost by grant
ing the tax credits, the Presi-
dent proposed to:
. /. Limit or disallow tax de-
ductions for entertainment,
gifts and travel by business
men - increasing revenue by
$3.50 million or more annually.
He said abuse of expense ac-
counts has become a matter of
national concern.
2. Withhold at the source
taxes on dividends and interest,
as taxes on wages now are
withheld - increasing revenue
by $500 million annually.
8. Repeal the $50 dividend
exclusion and the 4 per cent
dividend tax credit-increasing
revenue by $3.50 million an
nually.
4. Tax at ordinary rates in
stead of capital-gains rates a
portion of the profits made in
sales of depreciable business
property-increasing revenue by
5000 million annually.
S. Reduce tax benefits en-
joyed by American firms doing
business abroad and make
other changes in taxation of
Americans in foreign countries
increasing revenue by $3.50
million or more annually.
Asks Stiffer Enforcement
In addition, the President
recommended action to tighten
enforcement of tax laws and
to eliminate tax exemption of
some earnings by co-operatives.
No estimates were available on
the amount of revenue these
measures would raise.
Mr.. Kennedy also renewed
ex-President Eisenhower's re-
quest for extension of excise
and corporation income tax
rates that are scheduled for re-
duction or termination next
July /, and recommended grad
See TAX, Page AS
Evening star., 1961-04-20
BY JOHN NJ. HIGHTOWER
Associated Press staff Writer

ASSOClhltu FItbs olhAl. "IllCE
Secretary of State Rusk pre-
dicted today the fight against
the pro-Communist Castro gov
ernment of Cuba will go on.
Mr.. RuSk told reporters the
landing operations that were
started last week end by anti
Castro forces which since have
received United States moral
support and encouragement did
not constitute "a major in
vasion."
Furthermore, Mr.. Rusk said,
the attacks fitted into "a
type of resistance being shown
by the Cuban people over many
months and likely to go on"
Mr.. RuSk recalled that at his
Monday news conference. held
just after news of the Cuban
fighting reached the United
States. he had said the affair
did not appear to be a large
scale invasion.
Kennedy Sees Cabinet
Reaffirming this today, Mr..
Rusk said it was an operation
undertaken by "a group of
courageous men who returned
to Cuba determined to do what
they could to assist the people
in establishing freedom in that
island"
Soon after Mr.. Rusk's COM
mentS President Kennedy met
at the White House with his
cabinet. Mr.. Rusk did not at
tending the meeting because of
Evening star., 1961-04-20
Castro Regime Claims
Crushing Of Invaders
But Rebel Radio Reports Linkup
With Guerrilla Forces in interior
By the Associated Press

Fe CastroS regime declared today invasion of Cuba
has the beachhead with flight
into the swamps leaving behind United States Sherman
tanks and other American arms
statement credited to the Prime Minister broadcast
at pm. making the claims. 1t similar to heard
Evening star., 1961-04-20
Aqueduct

FOURTH RACE - Purse, $1,000;
claiming; 3-year -olds; 8 furlongs.
Brisk (WOOdhOuse) 1910 II 80 l2. 10
Keep Ideals (VarnL'la) $50 $50
Crafty Princess (COle) l2.3O
Pretty Shoes. Jewels Dance, Tacaro
Donna, Oui Madame, Golden Haze
Little Helper, Grapevine. Miss Stonie,
Double FuSsy. Time, lib.
FIFTH RACIPurSe. $1,000; claim
ing: 4-year- and up; T furlongs.
BelmOud tLark1n) b.2O $50 $3.50
Samaria (BFOussaFd) 7.2O l.SO
Mill House (AdamS) 40
Lady Salonga, Bright Word, Bireme,
Miss Greece Time, 20
Evening star., 1961-04-20
Lisbon to Try GoIvuo

LISBON, Portugal, April 20
(AP) P).-Portugal will try Capt.
Henrique Galvao and 80 others
for seizure of the liner Santa
Maria, it was announced today.
The captain and his men, who
were given asylum in Brazil,
will be tried in absentia.
Evening star., 1961-04-20

Editors here this afternoon,
called on free Latin American
countries to face the fact that
we cannot postpone any longer
the real issue of survival it
self"
The President emphasized
that any unilateral American
intervention in Cuba under
present circumstances would
have been contrary to our
traditions and to our inter-
national obligations"
But let the record SHOW"
he warned, that our restraint
is not ineXhaustible.
Will Not Hesitate
Should it ever appear that
the inter American doctrine of
non-interference merely con-
cealS or excuses a policy of non-
action-if the nations of this
hemisphere should fail to meet
their commitments against
outside Communist penetration
then I want it clearly under
stood that this Government will
not hesitate in meeting it's
primary obligations which are
to the security of our own
nation"
Mr.. Kennedy appeared to be
telling other American repub-
lies that if they did not soon
join in a common effort to
end Communist operations in
Cuba, this country would take
the matter into its own hands
and send United States armed
forces into Cuba to do the job.
Should that time ever
come" the President said, I'VE
do not intend to be lectured
on intervention by those
whose character was stamped
for all time on the bloody
streets of Budapest"
He obviously was angry at
Russian charges Of American
aggression during the current
fighting in Cuba and his ref
erence was clearly aimed at
the savage Soviet action in
putting down the revolt in
Hungary.
Cites Dedication of Rebels
Mr.. Kennedy recalled that
the last message from the
Cuban anti-Castro rebels yes
terday came from the rebel
commander when he answered
Il will never leave this country"
when asked if he wished to be
evacuated.
He said the remark showed
the dedication of the Cuban
patriots and their determine
ton that Cuba must not be
abandoned to the Communists" :"
He added firmly: And we do
not intend to abandon it
either"
Mr.. Kennedy said there are
useful lessons for all to learn"
from the effort of the anti
Castro CubanS to overthrow
See KENNEDY. Page Ala
Evening star., 1961-04-20
GuIfstreum

THIRD RACE-PurSe, S3,l0O: claim
ing, 4-year-oldS and up; IL miles.
Repress (GinO) $40 80 10
Kathy A. Blum $50 BOO
San Catarina (MikOnen) 2.SO
Novel Book, Ola Kala, In the Black.
Aviva's DimpleS, Queen Mother, irish
Ewes. Time, | :46.
FOURTH RACE-PurSe. S3,40O;
claiming; 4-year-olds and up; La
miles
HeliOtIde CGirn) 200 1910 $50
Devils Leisure Dever) 1880 h.0n
Main Street (SOlOmOne) 3.lO
Latin, Sooty, Charocative, b Carter
Island King. Bim-B -BaShi. Time, Ads.
b AudleY Farm entry.
Evening star., 1961-04-20
New Frontier Support
Lacking, Nixon Says
Believes Public Now Considers
Kennedy Program Too Far to Left
BY DAVID S. BRODER
star staff Writer

Former Vice President said today President Kennedy
great popular support in the country but almost
no backing for his programs
He told Washington conference the American peo-
pie do not want programs far to the left as those
Mr.. Kennedy is proposing ~,
MIR Nixon in his first Washington since the