davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-06-23
Are We Americans?

The Sunday Star contained
a letter pertaining to the fact
that citizens of South or Cen
trail America dislike being
called Latin Americans or
any other kind of hyphenated
American. Also, they cannot
understand why we call our
selves Americans" After all,
isn't everyone, Canada to
Argentina, an American?
Well not exactly. You see,
the name derives not from
the continent, but from the
nation. This is the only coun-
try in the world that has
America in its official name.
There is a country in South
America whose official name
is United States Of Brazil.
Its citizens are properly called
BrazilianS. Therefore, citizens
Of the United States Of Amer
lea are properly called Ameri-
cans. After all, Mexicans
have a name, so have PERU
vians or Chileans. Would they
have us call ourselves United
Statesians? Bosh.
american"
Evening star., 1961-06-23

there was complete accep-
tance Of the military revolt
and its administration.
The young Korean intel
lectual admits the need for
realism, but he believes the
fact that the United States
military administration was
SO caught by surprise has
been costly in prestige. The
original statement that we
firmly supported the ousted
government and the Subse-
quent failure to enlarge upon
that statement made us ap-
pear inefficient, if not in
competent, in the eyes of the
Koreans.
We have had Of late, even
Americans will admit, a gen.
ius for saying the wrong
thing at the wrong time.
Our announcements follow
ing the U-2 plane incident
and also after the failure of
the Cuban invasion are two
painful illustrations of this
fact.
Setback for Both
The young Korean con-
cluded with these para
graphs: ut was a major set
back for the Korean people
and for the United States.
The latter has lost prestige,
and the image it had been
able to engrave in the minds
OF the Korean people has
been blurred. The effects may
be far reaching.
For a people like the Ko-
reans, who have lived under
Confucian traditions and
principles and ideas, which
are held as something that
should not allow compromise,
the result is doubt. The peo-
pie could not conceive that
the United States, which had
created South Korea, would
fail to take action against
this unjust adventure by po-
litically ambitious army gen.
erals. The future of Korea in
the hands of fanatic officers
cannot be otherwise than
bleak. It represents a retro
greSSion Of at least IL years
along the thorny path of
characterization.
IF there is anything that
has been strengthened by this
unhappy military undertake
ing, it is the growing belief
among the people that After
all, we cannot now depend on
anybody"
It is this last sentence
which diSturbS us most.
Evening star., 1961-06-23
Victory for Scenery

by extending the b1llb0ard-COntr
provisions Of the Interstate Highway
Act, Congress has scored a notable
victory for roadside conservation and
common sense. Before the conference
agreement to give the States more
time to comply with Federal billboard
restrictions, the dismal prospect loomed
OF a Signboard curtain along most of
the 41,000 miles Of new expreSsways
across the Nation.
Through the commendable action of
its confereeS on the highway bill, the
House has rectified it's mistake of
voting against extension of the June 80
deadline for State legislation to meet
Federal standards on billboard control.
States which meet the standards are
entitled to a larger contribution of
Federal highway funds toward the new
expreSSwayS. So far, however, only
Maryland, North Dakota and Kentucky
have qualified for the "bonus," al
though many other States are in the
process Of adopting adequate billboard
restrictions.
The two-year extension of the
billboard-control plan will enable the
tagging States to complete legislative
action and thus insure protection of
the new highways from commercial
exploitation Of the sort that has
defaced most of the country's older
highways. It is now up to the States
to carry out their part of the Job,
promptly and effectively.
Evening star., 1961-06-23
Hopeful Mr.. Dillon

Secretary of Treasury Dillon, with
seeming confidence, says that an eSti-
mated deficit Of $3.7 billion in 1862,
which he foresees as a boom year, will
not create threat of classic" initiation.
In brief, the Secretary'S thesis as
presented in speech at the National
Press Club is this: That classic initiation
occurs whenever demand for goods
outrunS supply, automatically pushing
prices up. He acknowledges that de-
mand is stimulated in a period of
Federal deficit-when the Government
is pouring out more money than it
takes in-and that this will be so next
year. His safety valve" in this case,
however, is his reliance on the belief
that there is enough unused plant
capacity, and under utilized" labor
force to operate it, to avoid shortages
in supply.
It is a fact that no shortages now are
in sight, and that there are reserves
available in both plant capacity and
working force. It is also fact, however,
that the estimate of a $3.7-billion
budget deficit for the next fiscal year
which Mr.. Dillon calls inevitable and
, appropriate" te"-includeS the assumption
that Congress will agree to administra-
'tion recommendations for an increase
in postal rates and certain lesser
revenue-raising items. Thus far, at
least, the legislators have shown little
interest in the proposed postal in
creases, or the fact that failure to
enact them could add another $740
million to the overall deficit
And even if the So-called classic
initiation is avoided, Mr.. Dillon and
other administration spokesmen have
chosen to speak warningly of another
category of initiation, namely, cost
push or wage-price initiation. In the
same speech, for example, the Treasury
Secretary spoke of the increased danger
from this pressure in good times-Such
as he foreSeeS next year-and repeated
the Presidents appeal that both labor
and management exercise restraint"
in their wage-price actions. Unfortu-
nately, the record in this respect has
been much less than impressive, par
ticularly in the demands of the labor
unions that have pushed wages and
Evening star., 1961-06-23
Faulty Connection

During his futile effort to defend
the reorganization plan for the Secu-
rites and Exchange Commission, Sen
ator Humphrey conceded that "the
administration would have been wiser
to have consulted little more carefully
with some of the legislative committees"
Of the House and Senate.
Senator Humphrey was putting it
mildly. For the Senate rejection Of the
SEC plan demonstrated a lamentable
lack Of communication. In defeating
the Federal Communications Commits
sion reorganization last week, House
members made plain that their toes
had been trod upon. The same stu
alton prevailed in the Senate on
Wednesday. Actually, there was no
more than a perfunctory defense of
the SEC plan. And when the opposition
forces were Joined by Senators Muskie,
Williams, Symington and LauSche there
was no room for doubt about the
outcome.
AS in the defeat of the FEC plan,
however, no single cause was reSpon-
Sible. There were grumblingS, to be
sure, about the improvidence of sur
rendering congressional control over
the SEC, about its chairman becoming
a "one-man czar," about the agency
becoming a pawn of the executive"
and about the suggestion of its de-
Iverance into the hands of Dean
Lands. But the major complaints,
virtually uncontested in the Senate,
struck at the provisions of the plan
which would permit the commission,
through its chairman, to delegate what
Senator JavitS called its fundamental
and basic "rule-making authority"
No one can dispute with Senator
Muskie that the excessive delays" and
"burdenSome workloadS" of the regu-
latory agencies are a proper cause for
concern, or that positive measures are
needed to streamline operations and to
free the commissioners for as much
top-level work as possible. But the
only way this now can be done, as
Senator MuSkie emphasized, is for
legislative committees to take the
proper time and study" to work out
solutions.
Since the defeat of the FEC plan,
a House subcommittee has tentatively
approved a bill to reorganize that
agency along many of the lines pro-
posed in the reorganization plan. The
appropriate subcofnmitteeS of the House
and Senate should proceed with equal
vigor to consider the SEC deficiencies
and, If need be, the problems of stream
lining still other regulatory agencies.
For on the record of what has happened
thus far the prospects for the several
administration reorganization plans still
to be acted on are dim.
Evening star., 1961-06-23
The New Commissioner

In congratulating Frank D. Reeves
upon his appointment as a District
Commissioner we commend him for
his balanced concept of the RESPONSE
bilitieS he is soon to assume, as in
dicated in his interviews with the
reporters.
Mr.. Reeves has every right to be
proud of being the first Negro to be
appointed as Commissioner. He was
careful to point out, however, that as
a District Commissioner he will not be
representing the Negro citizens who
comprise some 81 per cent of the citys
present population. He will be repre-
sentative of all citizens of Washington.
In. this respect his own attitude will be
reciprocated by WaShingtonians who
will Judge him by the qualities he
demonstrates as Commissioner rather
than as a distinguished representative
of his race.
AS longtime advocate of home
rule, Mr.. Reeves indicates that his
personal preferences for any particular
form of local suffrage will be sub
ordinated to the. combined judgment
OF his colleagues and the White House.
He also recognizes, as most Of us do,
that the root of many of WaShingtonS
problems is the question of adequate
financing. Home rule in this Federal
City, in our opinion, will complicate
rather than simplify that question. AS
he becomes more familiar with the
unique relationships at the seat of
National Government between the COM
munity and the exclusively controlling
Congress, Mr.. Reeves will find, as others
have found before him, that municipal
Self-government in Washington poses
problems present in no other American
city.
Mr.. Reeves appointment is reward
for his political services. That is not
without precedent in past selections Of
District Commissioners. On the whole,
however, administration of our local
government has been happily free of
partisan politics. If Mr. Reeves con-
tinueS as a Democratic National Com
mitteeman while serving as a District
Commissioner we hope any conflict of
interests will be avoided by a resolve,
on his part, to keep partisan politics
outside the District Building. At any
rate, we wish him successful term of
office.
Evening star., 1961-06-23

other costs ever higher with the nego-
tiation Of each new contract in the
major industries. Where these have
forced price increases, as they have in
many cases, it Is Initiation" as far as
the consumer is concerned and it
matters little to the pocketbook whether
1t is called cost-push or classic.
We hope, however, that Mr.. Dillon's
vision Of "an economic boom" In 1862
will come true-and that it will not be
just another giddy whirl of initiation
because Of lack Of restraint by labor or
management, or even by Government.
Evening star., 1961-06-23
Generous?

A "free spending" congress
Sional committee is conSid-
ering a raise in the minimum
Social Security benefit from
the present $33 a month to
$40 a month. Seven dollars a
month amounts to 23c a day
and will pay for a loaf of
bread, or a quart of milk or
a bus ride a day. But the rent
of one small room and kitch-
en- takes the whole $40.
This in a land of great
abundance and a high stand
ard Of living, where it costs
the Government over $13
million a day in a vain effort
to keep the production Of
food and fiber within market
able limits and where 1t is
difficult to find enough prof.
liable work for persons past
40!
What better material do
the enemy propagandiSts
need to work with?
Benjamin KirsOn.
Hnlicnnp pa
Evening star., 1961-06-23

Many discussions have
taken place since the Wash
ington baseball team blew a
1875 lead, and lost 1912
when the Boston Red Sox
scored eight runs in their
ninth inning after two were
out.
There comes to mind a
game between the then
Washington S enators and
the Detroit Tigers, during
the 1920s. I left Griffith
Stadium in the Tiger ninth
with the score 90 in Wash
ington's favor, two out and
the bases empty. If I am
not mistaken, there were two
strikes on the batter.
That night "The Bulletin"
read, Detroit-11, Washing
ton-9.
Those BengalS scored nine
runs with an amazing rally
ION one leg" as we used
to say. Cato w. Adams.
Evening star., 1961-06-23
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
DoIphins Have Their Own Lonouooe
BY THOMAS r. HENRY

crash, it can be assumde,
various amino acids would be
formed in these compounds.
These could have accumu-
lated into proteins, bricks Of
the bodies of both plants and
animals.
COmet-Like Compounds
DR.. Oro reports laboratory
experiments with chemical
mixtures close to cometary
composition, such as hydro
cyanide, ammonia and water.
He has succeeded, he says,
in synthesizing from them
several of the vital amino
acids.
"It can be visualized," he
says, that after earth had
condensed to its present
form, having lost the gases
OF the protoplanet'S atmos-
phere, collisions with comets
resulted in the accumulation
of Sizeable amounts of re-
active carbon compounds,
forming the early atmos-
phere and hydrosphere in
which organic syntheSis took
place"
The Synthesis, he points
out, would have taken place
in isolated regions where the
crashes took place, but the
materials would have spread
quickly throughout the at
moSphere and seas.
Any comet crash, he says,
would result in adding to the
earth at least l million tons
Of organic matter.
Evening star., 1961-06-23
'LeqoHzed KiIIino'

1t Is always Disappointing
to hear Christians defend
capital punishment, because
Jesus specifically urged His
followers to resist the desire
for revenge and harsh treat
ment Of wrongdoers.
A pastor, in his letter of
June II, claimed that the
threat of capital punishment
is an effective deterrent to
crime. However there have
been many times when abo-
lition of capital punishment
in a State or Nation did not
lead to an increase in the
crime rate. Rather, legalized
killing tends to lower peoples
regard for the individual hu-
man life and arouses hatred
toward the Government and
its laws.
There are many causes Of
crime other than soft"
treatment of criminals. I
hope all Christians, especially
clergymen, will join forces
with the non Christian relig-
ious and humanist groups
opposing capital punishment.
Andrew C. Teter.
Evening star., 1961-06-23
C0stro's S Ransom Deal

Our Government has Ger
tainly made an international
ass out Of the United States
in the matter of ransom Of
Cuban prisoners for Ameri-
can tractors.
But, I know one way to
clear up the entire situation.
Tell Castro to take the trac-
tors and deliver the prisoners,
or we will be in Cuba within
"a hours with the Army,
Navy, Marine Corps and Air
Force!
ClarkSOn ]. BealI.
I realize that Khrushchev
has said that he will bury us
but I did not think that
we would be actually sending
him the tractors to do
it with.
Mrs. Mary Jane Frye
Evening star., 1961-06-23
LETTERS TO THE STAR

living by our officials and
non-officials, nor all been
made in far countries, but
that there has been blind and
wanton waste cannot be
denied, both in far countries
and at home.
To mention just one in
stance of excessive aid": The
Wet Nam government now
admits it has more than
SO million worth Of q. S. fl
nanced merchandise stored
in bonded warehouses, in
cluding over 81 million worth
Of tobacco!
Mrs. Hawley Snow
Evening star., 1961-06-23
'Money'sC Color

Your sun d ay eolCor1al
seems to disagree with United
States Treasurer Elizabeth
Rudel Smiths idea to vary
Moneys Color" However.
her plan has merit.
First, it is artistic. Then,
at least, it would make sense
when someone asks to see the
color of your money. Also.
those who are now boarding
the monotonous greenbackS
might be induced to bring
some Of them out before they
became conspicuous. The Ma
tional economy would benefit
and in certain cases. so would
the FBI.
In fact, your editorial
makes me wonder how much
you have staShed away. Bet
ter buy something with it
before it's too late. Come
along with me while I read
Sylvia Porter. On this. I side
with her.
Robert E. TrimbIe.
= 4 4 =
I see by the papers that
the Government is consider
ing issuing its paper money
in magnificent technicolor.
Whether each bill will be a
multicolor chrome, or whether
each denomination will be
distinguished by a single
distinctive color of its own
has not been clear to me.
Anyway, I'm in favor Of the
idea.
If each bill is to be printed
in multicolor, the usual CEN
trail design might well be re-
placed by a full length pic
ture of Brigitte Bardot or
Marilyn Monroe in glorious
living color. This, however,
might incite to boarding.
Taking money out Of circu-
lation is, of course, a brake
on initiation.
If, on the other hand, each
denomination is to appear
in a distinctive single color,
it will be easy to pass coun-
terfeit bills to persons who are
unfamiliar with the appear
ance of the novel genuine.
In fact, I might be tempted
to set up a small press in
my basement and issue 25-
dolor (not dollar-that could
be construed as counterfeit
ing) bills in mauve, puce, or
ceriSe or some other not used
by Uncle Sam. In this way I
should, I trust, avoid all legal
charges, for the recipients of
my funny money would Ger
tainly experience at least 25
dolorS in every sense of the
word!
Robert L. Eichberg.
Evening star., 1961-06-23
Censuring McGM ;

In his testimony on Com
munist propaganda methods
before the Senate Internal
Security Subcommittee on
June 2, Richard Helms, as
siStant director of the CIA,
told of a scurrilouS pamphlet
being distributed in Africa
which "overflows with horror
pictures and atrocity stories
about the treatment of Ne
groeS in America" Mr.. Helms
said the pamphlet was at
tributed to a phantom group
of American Negroes dubbed
african Friends Associa-
tion."
In The Star on June IA
Columnist Ralph McGill gave
currency to headlines which
had recently appeared in
Nigeria'S leading newspapers
purporting to cover race re-
lations in Alabama. These
newspapers had been sent to
Mr.. McGill by a United
States foreign service worker
in Africa. One headline read,
Negro Boy Soaked With
Petrol, Then Set Afire BY
United States Mob" The
foreign service worker in a
letter to Mr.. McGill made
these comments, 1--WE make
progress Gin Africa only to
have it nullified by news
from the South" and "If
Americans can be made to
understand how much racial
violence and discrimination
assist communism, perhaps
they would be willing to
bring it to an end"
IneSe comments OF course
lend considerable credence in
the minds of undiscerning
readers to the truth of the
Nigerian newspaper stories.
Not only did Mr.. McGill fail
to set his readers straight;
he added his own fuel to the
fire by charging the States
OF Alabama, Mississippi and
Louisiana with agitating and
provoking violence!
Harvey H. Hewitt.
Evening star., 1961-06-23

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDriteTS' correct
names and addresses. All let
terS are subject to condensG-
ton. Those not used tDtl be
returned only tDhen accom-
panied By self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-06-23
A Green Wall

ApropoS the two versions
Of the Great Wall of China
presented in a recent issue
of The Star, it might in
terest your readers to know
that there is also q third
great wall in that country
known as the Great Green
Wall. 1t is a gigantic north
western forest shelterbelt,
paralleling the great histor-
ical wall for a distance of
5000 kilometers, from the
center of Heilungkiang prov
ince in the Northeast to the
southern portion of Kansu
province in the West and
crossing on the way 16 cir
cults and municipal districts
Evening star., 1961-06-23
Takes Dim View

Seems like some folks
worry more about Washing
ton becoming too powerful
than they do about the con-
centration of power in Mos
COW.
How much longer must we
deal with Castro before we
know his name is not Fidel
but infidel?
Rather ridiculous to sign
a treaty outlawing nuclear
tests forever. Neither United
States nor Russia expects
the other to last that long.
John McCabe.
YpSilanti, Mich.
Evening star., 1961-06-23
THE PASSING SCENE
Korean Finds q Letdown at Home
BY RALPH McGILL

A young Korean teacher
went back home from Ameri-
ca a few months ago. He
promised to write, and did.
His first letter confirmed
fears expressed in several
conversations during his visit
here. Things, he said, were
not going well when he left
home on his exchange teacher
tour. There was much cor
ruption. The people had ex-
pected things automatically to
improve after Syngm a n
Rhee's regime had been re-
moved by pressure for reform,
but they had not.
His most recent letter,
brought out by an American
visitor and mailed from San
Francisco, Is a cry of dis
appointment and despair.
He feels the United States
has suffered serious damage
because of its failure to have
learned Of the army plot to
overthrow the government,
which had been in the making
for some six months. The
American military staff, he
feels, having created and
trained the Republic of Korea
Army and possessing close
relationship with it, must
have been lax in this liaison.
The new Korean military
junta does not yet have the
support of the people, he
insists. The young Korean
wrote that the cold recep-
tion which the military
leaders received may lead
them to excesseS and diSas
trouS errors OF judgment
which the Communists will
exploit.
Censorship in Force
Censorship is severe. Peo-
pie are afraid now to talk
with one another. A journal
ist of his acquaintance was
jailed for having written that
the cool reception given the
military proved the sound
ness of the political reason
ing of the people of Seoul.
When the military coup
was successful, the United
States issued an immediate
statement that it firmly sup
ported the lawful govern
ment of Premier John M.
Chang"
This, the teacher writes,
was a great source of en-
couragement and hope, but
this changed to despair when
no further action was taken.
Instead, within a few days,
Evening star., 1961-06-23
Wasted Substance

I can think of nothing that
better describes our country
today than the biblical verse
about the prodigal son. I
quote: "And not many days
after the younger son gath
cred all together, and took
his journey into a far couu-
try, and there wasted his
substance with riotous liy-
ing" Luke 1913.
True, our wasted substances
have not all been in riotouS