davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-11-07
OrweIIidn BIuckmoH

speaking through TaSS, the Official
Soviet news agency, the Kremlin now
has warned that it may continue with
its extraordinarily prolonged series of
gigantic nuclear tests in the atmos-
phere. That is to say, it may do so if
the United StateS-for its own self-pro-
tion and the security of the free world
as whole-dares to resume such test
ing in the same medium.
This is a peculiarly offensive kind
of threat-a form of imperious black
mail in which the blackmailer lays
down the rule that his victim had better
be quiet and passive, or else. More than
that, it is blackmail out of the world
of the Big Lie, the world so well and so
chillingly depicted by George Orwell
in "1984"-a world in which the truth
is turned completely upside down and
reality is deliberately made to seem the
exact opposite of itself.
Thus, despite faithful Anglo
American adherence to the testing
moratorium that began three years ago
(during which time the Russians may
we'll have cheated with clandestine
underground detonations), the TaSs
statement makes a farce of history. For
1t gives the impression that the Soviet
Union-which abruptly, and in the
worst kind of bad faith, shattered the
moratorium last September has been
provoked and forced into setting off
the tremendous explosions of recent
weeks. In short, Britain and the United
States, particularly the United States,
must be blamed for what the USSR has
been doing
TaSs has been quite emphatic about
this. In essence, it affirms that the
men of the Kremlin are as pure as the
driven snow and that their peace-loving
hearts of gold are still on the side of
putting an end to all types of nuclear
tests. Meanwhile, however, as of yes
terday in the United Nations, they
have once again voted against the idea
OF establishing an effectively policed
treaty banning such tests. And they
have had the monumental gall, after
having broken the moratorium and set
off an unprecedented number of ex-
plosionS in the very high megaton
range, to issue ukaSe admonishing our
country not to resume experimentation
Of the same kind.
Well, in his special statement of
last Thursday, President Kennedy has
given an answer in advance to this
presumptuous threat. He has made
clear that the United States is now
preparing for new atmospheric tests
and that the tests, involving various
types Of devices and magnitudes of
power, will be staged when, as and if
deemed necessary. Certainly, given the
present international situation, It would
be sheer suicidal folly for our country
to follow less determined or realistic
course than this.
Evening star., 1961-11-07
Naval Music School

Musicians throughout the
Washington area, both pro-
fessional and amateur, are
intensely unhappy over the
Navy Departments decision
to move the Naval School of
Music to Norfolk. Much of
this unhappiness is personal
that is, it arises from the
prospect Of losing so many
genial and cooperative col
leagues. If this we're all, our
musical woe would be of no
concern to the public.
But this is not all. The
public should be genuinely
concerned over the decision
to move the school. The
school exists to provide the
best possible training for
Navy musicians. A part of
this training, and an i'm
portant part, is exposure to
the many musical activities
which exist, outside the
school, in the Washington
area, and contact with the
many first-line musicians of
all lands who visit the area,
both professionally and un-.
professionally.
Nothing of this kind can
be made available in Norfolk.
The school, instead of being
bundled up and moved all the
way to Norfolk, could easily
be set up in one of the build
ings now surplus, or about
to become surplus, at the
Weapons Plant. The Navy
Band was for years quar-
tered at the Weapons Plant,
then called the Gun Factory,
and before that the Navy
Yard.
It is earnestly hoped that
the general public will join
many of us musicians, both
civilian and military in re-
questing the Navy Depart
ment to reconsider it's de-
cision to move the school.
Edmund A. Gibson.
Evening star., 1961-11-07

lationS on the book? In the
meantime, the Kiwanis Club
of NV. Washington stands
not only to lose the pro-
ceeds from this sale, but also
$1,000 invested in trees that
cannot be used.
Webb st. Clair,
President-elect,
Kiwanis Club of NV.
Washington.
Evening star., 1961-11-07

by reason of the freeways
they propose? cat one time,
Mr.. Finley estimated that
$4,000 to 5000 persons would
be displaced. Can this loss
be tolerated?) .
2. With about 1880 Of
the Districts $4,000 acres
presently devoted to streets,
highways and alleys, how
many more acres of the Dis
trict's land area would be
consumed?
3. For a jurisdiction that
cannot now finance its vital
school, health and welfare
needs, now many millions of
dollars of tax revenues would
the District lose each year
and what would be its added
obligations in road mainte-
nance costs?
4. In a city that has seen
every new highway built in
the past Is years generate
more rush-hour vehicles than
it has been designed to carry,
is there any reasonable like
lihood that another billion
dollars of highways would
bring any different result?
5. For a city that by con-
senSus of all planners (Mr.
Finley included must look
to rapid transit to escape
continued sprawl and to per-
NIT orderly growth, what
would be the annual loss in
revenues to the still unborn
rapid transit system result
ing from increased highway
use, and who would pay for
this loss?
1t is at least encouraging
that the presidentially ap-
pointed planners are con-
cerned about these problems.
Let us hope that such prob
lens are thoroughly evalu-
ated before the District is
reckleSsly committed to con-
structing highways that may
later prove to be un-
warranted. Peter S. Craig.
Evening star., 1961-11-07
Round School

I read with great interest
your october "a article on
the controversial round
school building to be erected
in the Wheaton area.
AS a resident of Wheaton,
a taxpayer of Montgomery
County, a voter, and the
mother of two children, I
stand opposed to this mon
StrouS three-story round
school towering over small
one story homes and situated
on a 6-acre lot. I agree
that the area in which the
school will be built is heav-
lily populated and is "a mon
ument to bad planning" Why
then does not our school
board try to profit by and
correct past mistakes? Why
does our board of education
purchase land below the es-
tablished size standard for
school property in Montgom-
cry County when additional
land was available at the
time of purchase? I fear
this purchase of these 6 acres
will set a precedent for the
size of school lots in the
future. I hope additional
land will be purchased so
that when the addition is
added to the school, and it
will be needed for the pro-
posed 16 classrooms will be
inadequate, there will be suf-
ficient land remaining for a
playground. With a round
school on a rectangular lot,
how will rectangular baseball
diamonds and basketball
courts be placed? This school
is badly needed in this area
to stop the constant shuf-
fling Of students from one
school to another. However,
I do not feel that the round
school, situated on 6 acres,
utilizing less space efficiently
than a conventional rectan-
gular one situated on 8 acres,
is the answer in an area al
ready lacking in recreational
space.
Jayne d. LaddOn.
Evening star., 1961-11-07
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
New Theory on Originotion of Life
By THOMAS R. HENRY

Life on earth in its sim
plest forms probably started
between two and three bill
lion Years ago.
This contention is ad-
vanced by DR.. j. D. Bermal
of the University of London
in a report just published in
a series of papers on ocea-
biography by the American
Association for the Advance
ment of Science. He contends
that life originated where
sea and land meet.
He pictures the develop
ment of life, purely by chem
ical processes, in seven or
eight stages. The first phase
is the proto-organic when
substances of life - amino,
acids, sugars and the Ike -
we're being SyntheSized from
water and carbon dioxide in
the aboriginal atmosphere.
The second stage involved
the absorption of some of
these complicated molecules
by clay particles in estu-
aries - the creation of Sub
vital" areas.
Life May Antedate Rocks
The third stage which fol-
lowed involved the "polymeri-
zation" of these molecules,
the joining together into ex-
tremely complex substances.
although still far below the
level which would be con-
sidered living by any present
standards. From this point
on he pictures an advance
in four successive changes to
cellular organisms of the
type of present day life"
From the first, he contends,
it must have been an ex-
tremely low process which
gathered momentum as it
proceeded.
The origin of life. DR.. Ber-
nal says, may even antedate
any of the rocks we have on
the surface of the earth to-
day - that is dates of the
order of three to three and
a half billion years. 1t is
somewhat of a puzzle that
we do not see on the surface
of the earth rocks older than
three billion years. But no
sure evidence has yet been
found for any differences be-
tween the surface Chem
ical processes occurring at
the earliest dates accessible
to us and those that occur to-
day. We are on safer ground
in pushing back the origin of
life as far as we can. The
absolute date does not mat
ter. The essential is that
there should be time enough
for the formation of the bas-
ic chemicals out of which liv-
ing systems are formed"
Materials from which life
is made probably formed
during the formation of the
earth itself and still are be-
ing formed.
Evening star., 1961-11-07
Charity Sale Stymied

We appreciate the SYM
pathy of Chester Gray and
Robert F. Kneipp of the
Corporation Counsel Office,
but this does little good for
the Christmas tree sale of
the NV. Washington XII
wants Club this year.
Mr.. Gray has ruled that a
15-year-old zoning regula-
ton be reactivated which
leaves us without a Christ
mas tree lot for this season.
If he plans on reactivating
this regulation and depriving
many D. c. charities of help
from clubs such as Kiwanis,
then why not reactivate all
the antiquated coming regu-
Evening star., 1961-11-07
Raises Questions on District Highway Progr

Having read the recent
statements in your newspa-
per attributed to William E.
Finley, staff director Of the
National Capital Planning
Commission, and Engineer
Commissioner Clarke about
the Inner Loop and Three
Sisters Bridge, I can only
wonder whether either of
these distinguished gentlemen
is aware of the weaknesses
of the 1859 transportation
plan that led to its rejection
by Congress.
The transportation plan
recommending continued re-
lance on the private auto
mobile for commuter travel
was submitted to Congress
in July. 1859, and promptly
was subjected to a barrage
of criticism from planners
and citizens alike for its
highway emphasis.
In hearings before Congress
in November, 1859, the Dis
trict Commissioners dis
avowed the plan, noting they
had not adopted either the
entire plan or any part of
it. For one thing, they noted,
no public hearings had been
held to determine its public
acceptability. Furthermore,
they noted, IF rapid transit
rail lines such as projected
in the plan are to be built
or seriously considered for
construction, then in the in
tereSt of maximum utiliza-
ton of the rail system and
in the interest of overall
economy, automobile express
ways encompassing the rapid
transit rail lines should be
deferred"
Now. however, we find the
new Engineer Commissioner
asserting that the 10 square
miles of highways proposed
by the transportation plan
are necessary no matter how
comprehensive the future
Evening star., 1961-11-07

rapid tranit system may be-.
Congress, too, rejected the
transportation plan and in
the National Capital Trans
portation Act of 1860 directed
the Meta to review the
transportation plan submit
ted by the planning agencies
and make any changes indi-
Gated by public reaction to
the plan, engineering analy-
ses, and financial realities" 4"
Congressional Record, June
27, 1860, p. 1344)
Now, however, we find the
staff director of the National
Capital Planning Commits
sion publicly criticizing the
Meta for exercising its con-
gresSional mandate. The
NCTA's studied review and
recommendations are char
acterized as shooting from
the hip"
District residents have
learned to expect that the
paid highway lobbyists and
suburban real estate Specu-
lators will rally around any
proposed new highway -
whatever injury may be
caused to others. But the
District residents would be
able to expect more respon-
sible conduct on the part of
public officials having no fl
nancial stake, particularly
the Planning Commissions
staff director and the En-
gineer Commissioner.
In particular, it would be
helpful if they informed the
public of the cost of the Dis
trict of the highways pro-
posed in the former trans
portation plan. Specifically,
they could contribute much
to a sound evaluation of their
proposals if they would an
swer the following questions:
/. Having lost 10000 in
population in the Is years
to 1860, how many more res
idents would the District lose
Evening star., 1961-11-07

This thesis is presented by
DR.. A. I. Oparin of the So
Wet Academy of Sciences in
another report published by
the American Association for
the Advancement of Science.
He outlines three stages
which presumably were eS-
Sential to life's beginning.
First, he says, was the pri-
mary formation of hydrocar-
bonS, the. simplest organic
substance and their closest
oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and
phosphorus combin a.
tionS. Second was the CONVEX
sion of these substances into
organic substances such as
proteins. Third came the con-
version of these into the
most primitive organisms.
"The mergence of the SIM
plest organic substances" DR..
Oparin says, must have TAX
en- place during the forma-
tion of the earth and the
early stages of its develop
ment. Astronomical studies of
the surfaces of stars, inter-
stellar dust, the atmospheres
of other planets, meteorites
and comets prove the necessi-
ty for the formation of the
first hydrocarbons during the
formative stages of our plan
et."
Based on Gas and Dust
1t now is generally ac-
cepted, he says, that the
earth and all the planets of
the solar system arose from
condenSations of an enor-
nous nebula of gas and dust
which once surrounded the
sun. There still are traces of
this gaseous dust. Study of
its chemical composition
shows the presence of meth
ane, one of the hydrocar-
bons, or marsh gas, one Of
life's constituents.
1t has been shown, he says,
that when clouds of gas and
dust particles became aggre-
gated into protoplanetS and
planets, a considerable
amount of methane and 9TH
er volatile gases must have
disappeared from the vicini-
ty of the earth to the region
of the large planets. Some
that remained entered into
graphites and carbides, the
chief forms of carbon in the
earth.
"These hydrocarbons" he
says, must have been syn
thesized during the formation
of the earth's crust at a time
when they could react with
hydrated rocks in the deeper
layers. The formation of the
earth's crust cannot be con-
sidered complete even now.
Hence even today we may ex-
pect to find processes leading
to the formation of simple
hydrocarbons in the deeper
layers where all traces of life
are lacking"
Evening star., 1961-11-07

for repeal Of the new law. We agree with
board members who described the law
as contradictory" absurd" and "un-
enforceable" And we suspect that State
and county authorities charged with en-
forcing its battling provisions will be in
the vanguard Of petitioners at Richmond
for revision or repeal
Evening star., 1961-11-07
LETTERS TO THE STAR.

Pen names may be used if
letters carry tDriterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
terS are subject to condenSd-
tion. Those not used iDill be
returned only tUhen accom-
panied By self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-11-07
THE POLITICAL MILL
Democrats Cheer Texas Victory
BY GOULD LINCOLN

The Democratic victory in
the Texas goth Congression-
al District on Saturday is be-
ing billed as an Endorsement
of the Kennedy administra-
ton and, indeed, as a smash
ing defeat for the G.. o. P.
So much so that the Demo-
cratic victor, State Senator
Henry B. Gonzales, is being
brought to Washington today
to receive President Kenne-
days personal congratula-
tionS.
1t seems rather strange to
have Democrats celebrating a
victory of a fellow Texan,
particularly in a district that
has never gone Republican.
Such a victory used to be
taken for granted. Indeed,
the Republicans have not en-
tered a candidate for Con-
gresS in this San Antonio
district since 1948 when it
polled II per cent of the vote
cast. to SO per cent for the
Democratic incumbent, for
mer Representative Paul j.
Kilday.
Victory Margin SIashed
Mr.. Gonzales won over his
Republican opponent, John
Goode, jr., by 52,855 to Az
$50, a 10,000-vote margin of
victory. But the Republican
candidate received As per
cent of the vote cast. The
Democrats threw everything
they had into this contest,
including Vice President Lyn-
don B.. johnson, Texas most
prominent political citizen,
who campaigned intensively
for Mr.. Gonzales and to
whom much of the credit for
the victory is due. Former
President Eisenhower was in
the district campaigning for
Mr.. Goode. In this same dis
trict Mr.. Gonzales, running
for State Senator last year,
won by 37,500 votes over his
Republican opponent, j h n
Kampman, jr., as compared
to his 10000 margin over Mr..
Goode.
So Republicans are in
clined to take considerable
satisfaction from the show
ing their candidate made in
this San Antonio district on
Saturday. They feel that
the Republican Party is gain
ing ground not only in Texas,
but also in other States of
the South. AS a conse-
quence, Republican candi-
dates will be entered in many
congressional districts next
year where they have not
been entered for years. In
Texas, the COP. entered
candidates in six out of %
congressional districts in
1860, in four districts in 1858
and in five districts in 1856.
They have one Congressman
from Texas, Representative
Bruce Alger, from the 5th
District-a Dallas district. He
was first elected in 1854.
When President Kennedy
was running last year
against Vice President Nixon,
he carried the San Antonio
district by virtually the same
percentage vote as did Mr..
Gonzales over Mr.. Goode.
Mr.. Kilday on the same elec-
Evening star., 1961-11-07
II. N. tolerance

The word tolerance" took
on a new and beautiful
meaning when the Christian
states accepted Mr.. Thant,
a Buddhist, as Secretary Gen
eral of the United Nations.
1t was a most significant
step in international under
standing and cooperation.
A.D.
Evening star., 1961-11-07

pointment so that we can
march toward The Year
1000" with more assurance.
Margarite L. Snyder.
Evening star., 1961-11-07

ton day, running unopposed
by the Republicans, rolled up
$4,000 votes for reelection.
In the two previous presi-
Dental electionS-1952 and
1956-Gen. Eisenhower car
ried Texas. The Texans did
not like Adlai Stevenson. Mr..
Nixon lost the State to Mr..
Kennedy by only $4,000
votes. The Republican label
in national elections has lost
its extreme distaste for many
Texans, and obviously it is
becoming less of a handicap
in elections for Congress. The
people are dividing more on
conservative and liberal lines
as shown earlier this year
when Senator John Tower,
a conservative Republican,
was elected, the first Repub-
lican Senator from Texas
since Reconstruction days.
Mr.. Tower took the seat
which Lyndon Johnson va
Gated when he became Vice
President; quite a blow. 1t
has been said that some lib
eral Democrats voted then
for Mr.. Tower believing it
would be easier to get rid Of
him five years hence than his
conservative Democratic op-
ponent, former Senator
Blakley, then serving under
appointment by Gov. Daniel.
Mr.. Gonzales had several
advantages in his race
against Mr.. Goode. He is
of Mexican blood and 35 per
cent of the population of
the San Antonio district Is
of Mexican blood and 5 per
cent is Negro, who have been
voting Democratic since the
days Of Franklin D. Roose-
welt in large measure. Fur
ther, the district contains a
highly concentrated popula-
ton in the city Of San An
tonic.
Evening star., 1961-11-07
G. o. P. Trend

Texas cannot yet be put
down as a two-party State
but it is decidedly verging in
that direction. More and
more younger men and
women, as well as their eld-
ers, have come to the con-
clusion that the Republican
Party holds more advantage
for them and the State than
does the national Democratic
Party with it's New Frontiers.
They do not like the idea
of bigger and bigger Federal
Government, nor the eco
nomic ideas of the New
FrontierSmen.
The same feeling is max
ing itself manifest in Florida,
in North Carolina and Vir-
ginia. For years the Repub-
licans have had a strong
foothold in Tennessee. AS
the South has become pros
porous and more industrial
lied, there have been changes
in population and in political
thinking. The Republicans
have one Congressman from
Florida and are hopeful of
winning more in next years
elections. They have one in
Oklahoma, two in Tennessee,
one in North Carolina, and
two in Virginia. They feel
they are really denting the
South after many, many
years.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1961-06-09

Wednesday afternoon to join
Howard Ferguson and John E.
HarWood as the low scorers so
far. The Longwood course has
been altered somewhat, which
is making the scores run higher
than they did last year. Defend
ing Champion Skeeter Fore does
not have to shoot a qualifying
round as he is automatically in
the championship flight.
Howard Ferguson, tournament
chairman, said everything is
ready for the tournament. How
ever the hot weather has made
the course pretty dry, but the
slightrain last night went a long
way.
The first and second rounds Of
the tournament will be played
Saturday, with the semifinals
and finals coming on Sunday.
The BaskerviIl Tournament is
one of the major highlights of the
golfing year at Farmville. The
tournament was originated as
memorial event for Thornton S.
grandpa) Baskervill, who was
an active member in the club,
even in his 70's. He shot hot
game of golf, even though he
used only handful of clubs.
Several Of his sons are partici-
pating in the tournament this
year, as they have done in the
past.
In addition to the big silver
Baskervill bowl that goes to the
winner, there are some 81 900 in
golfing prizes that are won by
the various flight winners.
Included on the social pro-
gram are supper Saturday
night, and a dance at the Moose
Lodge.
W. A. Billy Watson is the only
two time winner. 1857 and 1859,
OF the Baskervill bowl. Other
champions include Dennis Crit
ger, 1855; Cliff Eley, 1856; Jake
Elliott, 1858; and Lewis Fore last
year.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1961-06-09
Little Boys Baseball Briefs

Skidmore started the Moose
off on the right foot with home
run in the first inning. The JAY
Gees added one in the third.
when CAN'T singled and came
home on a double by Higgins.
The Jaycees won the game in
the final inning when David Har-
per doubled and Marshall Cook
slammed him home with a triple.
Cock had three for three with a
perfect night at the plate, hit
ting single, a double, and
triple.
The Rotary meet the Moose in
the first game tonight (Thurs-
day.. while the Lions take on the
Jaycees in the second bout. The
Majors have now started their
regular summer schedule of
playing every Monday and
Thursday evening. n
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1961-06-09

The Lions topped the Rotary
1913 in the first game Monday
night in the Major Leagues. The
Lions get six hits against three
for the Rotary.
Mike Quisenberrv got the big
blow of the game, lead off
home run in the fourth inning.
The Lions turned that inning in
TO their major scoring inning.
pushing across five runs on four
hits. and three Rotary errors.
Clabo was the winning pitcher.
Henry Brown led the losers with
a double and three RIBS.
The nightcap was the best
game ever played in the Little
Boys Baseball Park, according
to one veteran observer. The
Jaycees downed the Moose 81,
with perfect ball being played
by both sides. There we're no
errors and no bases on balls.