davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-05-27
Palm Beach Gardens, Fla

Palm Beach Gardens, Fla
Determination and love for a
tree spurred John D. Macarthur
to do what everyone said was i'm
possible.
With two huge draglines, bull
dozers, earth movers and lip
crewmen, the multi-millionaire
insurance man and community
developer successfully moved a
75-ton, 80-year-old Banyan tree
from the front yard of a Lake
Park residence to the entrance of
the newly incorporated city of
Palm Beach Gardens.
The spectacular transplanting
is the largest ever recorded, and
is part of Mr.. MacArthur's quar-
ter million dollar landscaping
and Identification program for
this garden city, located in the
back yard of President Kennedy's
winter White House"
Sixty-feet high, with spread
of 125 feet, the Banyan required
four months of root and tree prun-
ing; then eight hours of arduous
hauling over ten-mile route.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-05-27
u. S. 4.
Continued from Page One)

Assistant Secretary of State for
African Affairs, arrived on the
liner Athlone Castle on a crisp
autumn morning Thursday. AS the
ship locked Army and police trucks
carrying armed troops and police
moved about the city and it seemed
clear that they were continuing a
series of concentrated searches and
arrests throughout non-white areas
which the government began We'd
nesday.
Although all police and military
operations in South Africa now are
being conducted behind a screen of
close secrecy, it appears as though
this first wave of arrests is not
designed to scoop up political de-
tainees.
That is presumably to come
later.
This first wave of arrests in
which thousands already reported
ly have been arrested is apparently
aimed at the 'idler" element among
nonwhites suspected of ''intimidat-
ing" or presenting other nonwhites
to strike between May 20 and 81.
Police are carrying off nom
whites whose Identification papers
are not in order, who cannot prove
their right to be in the cities I'M
der South Africa's strict urban in
flux control laws, and so forth.
Arrest of specific nonwhite leaders
and strike organizers are expected
to follow.
Meanwhile, Nelson Mandela, who
is one of the principal African or
ganizers of the planned strike, is
apparently constantly on the move
to evade arrest. From a public
telephone booth he has again called
johannesburg newspaper. to assure
whites they have nothing to fear
during the planned demonstrations
against the governments race
policies.
Mr.. Mandela said the strike or
ganizers had insisted on Africans
staying quietly at home during the
demonstrations. They had been told
they must not gather nor hold pro-
cessions likely to result in a clash
with the police.
Shortly after his arrival, Mr..
Satterwhite held a shipboard press
conference in which he cautiously
picked his way across the sweep of
diplomatic eggshells confronting
any new American Ambassador to
South Africa at this time.
Mr.. Williams africa for the
Africans" statement has antagon-
lied many whites in Africa and
correspondingly pleased many
Africans.
Mr.. Satterwhite said that when
anybody had just got off plane
Qike Mr. .Williams) and was inter-
viewed, misunderstanding d o
arise"
Challenged with the suggestion
that the United States considers
whites in Africa "expendable," Mr..
Satterwhite replied, at never has
been and never will be the policy of
the United States Government that
whites in South Africa are expend-
able. We hope and believe the
whites who have contributed so
much to Africa should stay on"
A correspondent for a nonwhite
newspaper group asked why the
United States continued to recog-
nize the present South African
Government while refusing recogni-
ton to a government like that of
Communist China. Mr.. Satter-
thwaite pointed out that the United
States has been at war with Com
munist China but ducked the South
African issue.
asked what he and the United
States Government understood by
the term "apartheid," Mr.. Satter-
thwaita renliod according to Ron
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-05-27
National Guard
Continued from Page One)

(COntlnued from Page One)
to visit the state following the
racial outbreaks in Alabama.
Gen. Wilson said "My men have
their uniforms, arms and ammuni-
ton packed and we are prepared to
coordinate and effort to keep the
peace with the sheriff of any coun-
ty where trouble may occur" 1--WE
stand ready to go into action the
moment the Governor calls u.s."
He said.
He said fully equipped Air Ma
tional Guardsmen at Meridian
could be ready to leave for the
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-05-27

that the Freedom Rides be dis
continued at about the same time
it was announced that group of
Freedom Riders was leaving Mont
gomery for visit to Mississippi
with the Capitol City of Jackson
as its focal point.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-05-27
Consul General.
CONTINUED from Pare One)

Continued from Page One)
dents attending the college this
year, whose graduates include %
from the Junior High School Divi-
sion, 20 from the High School Di-
vision, and 10 from the College d.
vision.
The Commencement exercises
Monday night follows the Baccca-
laureate Sermon at PM Sunday
at Saint Paul Church with one of
the most distinguished ministers
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-05-27

state line in 10 minutes. More
than 100 permanent troops station
ed at Camp Shelby could be ready
to move out in 80 minutes.
He emphasized that any action
by the guard would depend on
orders from the Governor.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-05-27
Freedom Riders

Continued from Page One)
early Wednesday that the Attorney
General had declined to request
Evening star., 1961-05-12

while pointing out that it may not be
in Mr.. Udall's province to determine
what is and what is not good sculpture"
graciouSly notes that "after only three
months in office he has not had the
time to fully assess what has been
developing for century and a half"
1t concludes: I'VE hope Secretary Udall
will serve the cultural interests of our
country by giving time and due deliber-
alton to this subject and by comforting
with those dedicated organizations
which have devoted themselves to this
branch of art"
This, of course, is excellent advice.
For time and due deliberation" are
invaluable assets to a politician under
any circumstances. not merely in the
cultural arena.
Evening star., 1961-05-12

developed countries and ter
ritories associated with the
United Nations face forms of
water shortages which in time
can only be met from nom
traditional sources It that is,
from brackish and salt water
sources" What better friend
could these people have than
one who could provide the
know-how, If not also the
means, for solving this most
basic problem?
We would like to refine the
cost figures that you gave in
your article. Saline water
conversion costs all include
a 20-year capital investment
depreciation figure, which
represents approximately so
per cent of the total. Current
prices of water in our country
do not include a depreciation
figure, if cost of the original
facility for supplying water
was financed out of bond
issues. Practically all of them
were. To get a comparative
price. then, you must divide
the cost of converted water
in half.
Studies of an existing
process Of water conversion
Evening star., 1961-05-12

indicate that water can be
supplied, on a large scale, at
the cost of AZ cents per thou
sand gallons - or 81 cents
without the depreciation fig
ure. Water rates in our
Metropolitan Area range from
20 to rs cents right now. Need
for additional supplies is
rapidly approaching, and OBJ
tanning fresh water from the
Potomac will necessitate the
building of huge storage
facilities as well as purifica-
ton plants. already a contro-
verSial issue with conServa-
tion groups. With current
land values and construction
costs, the cost of this addi-
tional water will soar far
above the current rate. Even
with existing knowledge,
t h horough consideration
should be given to procuring
an inexhauStible supply Of
water by merely putting a
pipe into the tidewater that
surrounds us and, for less
money, processing it into 100
per cent pure water.
Ernest j. Baton.
Executive Director, Water
Conversion Institute.
Evening star., 1961-05-12
Aid for Schools

Gould Lincoln does a grave
disservice to Lutherans and
QuakerS when he charges
them in his column of May 6
with seeking provision for
their schools in the admins
tration's school aid bill. The
only church which has sought
such aid for its schools is the
Roman Catholic Church.
The United Lutheran
Church has explicitly asserted
that Federal aid should go
only to public schools. DR..
Oswald c. j. Hoffman, Direc-
tor of Public Relations, the
Lutheran Church Missouri
Synod, and generally &C
knowledged to be the chief
spokesman. has publicly
stated that tax funds should
be used only for the support
of public schools. No respon-
sible Quaker spokesman or
organization has demanded
Federal aid for Quaker
schools.
The facts are that the
Protestant-JewiSh community
has stood in virtual una
nimity against any diversion
of public funds to religious
schools.
c. Stanley Lowell.
Evening star., 1961-05-12
Discrimination Promise: Good Water for All

We were pleased to see in
The Sunday Star of May 7
the attention your editorial
ITO 'Sweeten' the Seas"
directed to the promise of
converting salt water to fresh
water. Too few have realized
its significance in the field of
international relations, as
well as in solving the already
critical water shortage in this
country. We would here like
to elaborate somewhat on
these two areas.
Paul Hoffman, manag-
ing director of the United
Nations Special Fund, has
said, Growth in the absolute
and per capita demand for
fresh water is not alone a
United States problem: it is
also an international prob
lem of terrifying proportions.
Indeed, grave as forecasts
are concerning the adequacy
of present and future supplies
of fresh water in the United
States, compared to the
quantity of water available
on a per capita basis in most
other countries in the world,
the United States is one of
the water-richer countries.
At least so of the 100 under
Evening star., 1961-05-12
Sound Advice

The hot water into which Stewart
E. Udall has managed to stumble
during his few brief months as Secretary
of the Interior is simply amazing. Now
the vaporS again are Swirling about
Mr. Udall'S head, this time in response
to his comments on the quantity and
the quality of statuary and other
memorials in the Nations Capital.
Thus far, polite but firm exception
to these remarks has been taken by
the National Sculpture Society and the
National Academy of Design, both of
which can be formidable antagonists for
any politician.
The Sculpture Society, for example,
Evening star., 1961-05-12
'UqIiest City Indeed!

With reference to Evelyn
Beigel's letter of May 4. that
Washington is one Of the
ugliest (cities) and I've seen
a lot of them" Miss Beigel
should broaden her travels
even more.
Those of us who have lived
here for years, and our par
ents and grandparents before
us, love this city (Which ac-
cording to her hasn't a decent
park. The ugly circles" we
think are beautiful and lend
enchantment to the view Of
our beautiful streets, wide
and tree lined, not marrow
and crooked" The part OF
her letter which amused me
was that about the "Slums
like Georgetown" 1 neve r
realized until after reading
her letter that it must have
been unfortunate for Presi-
dent Kennedy to have lived
in our Georgetown slumS"
but Mr.. Kennedy went from
Washington's slumS to the
White House.
Furthermore, her letter
said that "in Washington
there are never any places
to park" 1 wonder if she ever
realized that thousands just
like her have barged in on
our beautiful city, crowded it
to overflowing, jammed our
streets and highways. and
then have the nerve to growl
about the parking situation.
We are the ones to complain.
I have travelled all over these
United States, and in Canada
and Mexico and Cuba apd
have been in Los Angeles,
and I have seen many beauti-
full cities, as lovely as our
own Washington. D. c.
Mrs. Frances H. Ellis.
Evening star., 1961-05-12
PenoIizinq Annuitonts

The Civil Service Commission is right
in holding that the So-called Hiss An
nuity Act has gone far beyond the intent
Of Congress in its provisions for with
holding annuities from undeserving for
mer Federal employees. Although aimed
chiefly at Alger Hiss and other major
law violators, the law as it now stands
has deprived numerous minor offenders
Of their pension rights. Some examples
of the injVsticeS done employees whose
transgreSSionS were of relatively trivial
nature and who atoned for them by
rendering long and faithful service to
the Government were cited in a recent
Federal Spotlight" column by Joseph
Young.
However, we think the Hiss Act
amendment under consideration by the
Senate and House Civil Service Commit
tees would restrict operation of the law
to an illogical degree. The pending
measure would cancel the annuitieS Of
former employees who have been con-
victed only of crimes involving national
security-as in the Hiss case. But why
should an employe who has been con-
VACGSO VI UCIAdyALlB q 1ONC1AAlC1lG GLuoI
through embezzlement, acceptance of
bribe or other serious felonieS be given
any part of pension paid from the
Federal Treasury? And why should a
convicted murderer, rapiSt or other ma
jor criminal be similarly rewarded with
bonus from taxpayers funds?
We contend that the perpetrators of
these heinous crimes ought to be ex-
cluded from such benefits of the annuity
program as come from Federal appro-
priationS-along with employees who i'm
peril the Nations security. A Hiss Act
amendment proposed several years ago
would have given the Civil Service Com
mission some discretion in exempting
minor offenders from the annuity ban
The Star supported that proposal then
and we still favor 1t.
Evening star., 1961-05-12
Crime Marches On

The jungle in recent weeks could
hardly have been more hazardous
place than the Nations Capital. The
record is appalling-four and perhaps
i've unSolved murders Four atrocious
rapeS in "a hours. woman still on
the verge Of death from a savage
beating on April %. And, of course,
the familiar but aggravated pattern
OF robberieS, assaults, SlaShingS and
ShootingS.
This is not the Washington we
used to know-the city in which, one
could walk the streets without fear at
night and in which people in their
homes or places of business were rea-
sonably secure against violence In a
relatively short time, say 80 or 40 years,
1t has become community in which
vicious crime moves toward being the
rule rather than the exception
There is, of course, no single expla-
nation. Commissioner Tobriner says
the city must continue its efforts to
"get at the real roots of criminal
behavior Without knowing exactly
what this means, we nevertheless
suggest one root This is the slow
death of the belief that speedy trial
and certain punishment, are effective
deterrentS to criminals.
Last month the Supreme Court
reversed the third conviction of Willie
Lee Stewart for a murder he committed
eight years ago. The reversal was based
on technical point, and was ordered
over the protests of four of the justices.
Mr.. Justice Frankfurter, dissenting,
summed it up when he said that Ito
turn criminal appeal into a quest for
reversible error no more promotes the
ends of justice than to acquiesce in
low standards Of criminal prosecution"
This, we think, runs to one of the
roots of Washington'S problem There
has been too much concern for the
rights" Of criminals; too little concern
for the right of decent people to enjoy
the protection which they ought to
have. And if this trend continues, our
problem will get worse, not better.
Evening star., 1961-05-12
Bureaucracy

The other day I bought a
money order. 1t came to
$10.56. The confusion began
when I gave the clerk a
a penny and a twenty-dollar
bill. This baffled him so that
he had to disturb another
clerk who was sitting on a
mailbag doing a crossword
puzzle, to help him figure out
what I had in mind. No
doubt they filled a memo
about me which has since
been initiated by the Chief of
the Division on Miscellaneous
Suspects and his umpteen
flunkies. When we finally got
through this stage of higher
m a t h e m a tics, the clerk
stamped my money order
with such a show Of utter
fatigue and unbearable ennui
that 1 thought he was going
to expire on the desk (and
on my money order). After
resting for a minute on the
stamp he finally released my
purchase to me. Through all
of this I had plenty Of time
to observe the back room.
which was filled with mail
bags spilling onto the floor,
and about five people who
seemed to have nothing
whatever to do. There were
four parcel post windows in
the building. One was open.
Here, there was a line Of
people being waited on by
one clerk. Had the other
customers been able to go
to the other windows. there
would not have been this
tie-up. But. Of course, I am
naive. With only one window
open and loaded down with
customers, this gives the
postal employees union proof
that there is a great work
load to be met. Translated,
this means hire more post
office clerks. Hereafter, I
shall buy my money orders
at the liquor store.
Florence King.
Evening star., 1961-05-12
Under the Mall

The following suggestions
are offered in solution of the
problem Of the parking of
private automobiles in down.
town Washington:
The proposal would be to
convert the entire area be-
meath the Mall into under
ground parking spaces and
through parking meters rem
der the cost self -liquidating
over a long period Of time.
1t is recognized that the land
in the Mall lies very low,
but the waterproofing Of
Easements Of buildings, such
as the new Museum Of Tech
nology now being erected at
18th and Constitution avenue,
shows that water can be ex-
cluded from the proposed
parking areas by modern
methods.
The underground parking
space proposed would offer
shelter for many thousands
of people in case of atomic
attack. If located reasonably
deep the trees and plants on
the Mall could remain as at
present and the appearance
Of the Mall would remain
unchanged.
Some city planners have
proposed plans to bring thou
sands Of people to work in
the city every day by high
speed. railways of monorail
cars and to keep private auto
mobiles out Of the heart of
the city. Such plans are
visionary and will not solve
the problem. Anyone who
takes a drive through the
Metropolitan Area in Arling-
ton, Fairfax and Loudoun
counties in Northern Virginia
will get a jolt when he sees
how rapidly the entire area
from Woodbridge to Chain
Bridge on to Fairfax is being
converted into what will be a
vast city inside Of 10 years.
Tens of thousands of people
who have built homes in that
area are absolutely depend
ent upon the private auto
mobile for transportation to
their places Of work in Wash
ington. Because they relied
upon their private automo-
bileS they have spread and
built homes over such wide
areas and into such remote
sections that fixed railway
vehicles could reach only q
fraction Of them and it would
require thousands of buses
to reach positions Of accesSi-
bility for many Of these peo-
pie. Without the use Of their
private automobiles, the wives
and children of the office
worker in Washington would
be completely house-bound
because bus fares for them
would be prohibitive.
1t is certain that If city
planners prevent the entry
OF. private automobiles to the
downtown business areas the
merchants there will be put
out of business. The auto
mobile owner will simply do
his buying in suburban shop
ping centerS.
Frank G. Campbell.
Evening star., 1961-05-12
Medals for Astronouts

In resisting congressional pressure
for the award of the Medal of Honor
to AStronaut Alan B. Shepard, jr.,
President Kennedy did not intend to
downgrade in any way the magnificent
achievement or the courage of Americas
first Spaceman. He was merely follow
ing the established policy in recent years
of reserving this medal for heroes who
have distinguished themselves "above
and beyond the call of duty" in actual
combat 1oith an enemy.
Before World War II there had been
few instances in which the Congress
persons for featS of bravery in peace
time. These honors included awards
to Charles Lindbergh for his Atlantic
flight, to Admiral Byrd for his flight
over the North Pole, to General Greely
for his far-north adventure of 1881 and
to four seamen who risked their lives
in the rescue of survivors of the sunken
submarine, Squalus.
Since World War II, however, it
has been the policy to regard the Medal
of Honor as strictly a combat award
In lieu Of the Congressional Medal,
therefore, the President conferred on
Commander Shepard the Distinguished
Service Medal of the National Aero
nautics and Space Administration. The
NASA medal previously had been
awarded for a non-Space achievement.
Perhaps the time has come to create
a special medal exclusively for Ameri-
cans who, like Commander Shepard,
volunteer to risk their lives in suborbital
or orbital space adventures, or who dare
to explore the moon or the planets
farther out. Why not an Astronauts'
Medal of Honor for Commander Shepard
and those who follow him with rocket
rides into space?
Evening star., 1961-05-12
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
'PIosmo Torch Is Hotter Than Sun
By THOMAS r. HENRY

Temperature as high as
100000 centigrade - almost
four times that of the sur
face Of the sun and far too
great for any possible con-
tainer-now can be obtained
with a relatively slight ex-
penditure of electrical energy
by means of a device just de-
veloped for the Navy by DR..
Thomas B. Reed Of MaSsa-
chuSetts Institute of Tech
nology.
This device is a so-called
"plasma TORCH" described in
a report to the Navy, under
whose auspices the work was
carried out, by DrS. j. A.
KeSsler and r. G. Eldridge Of
the Massachusetts Tech fac
ulty. The high temperatures
are achieved in a Jet Of
"plaSma," sometimes de-
scribed as a fourth state of
matter" which is commonly
found in the stars but not in
nature on earth. It can be
created in the laboratory.
This plasma is projected in a
jet from the front end of a
tube, resembling a torch.
OF Industrial Importance
Such high temperatures
are Of vital Importance, ac-
cording to the report, to the
electronics industry and in
production of crystals for
electronic devices. Says the
report:
Artificial germanium and
silicon crystals for electronic
devices now are in large
scale production. Artificially
grown sapphires now are
widely used for phonograph
needles. Crystals of many
other materials, important
for research and possible
commercial application, can
not be produced by present
methods because previously it
has not been possible to
maintain the very high tenn
peratureS required.
Ruby, for example, can
not be produced in crucibles
because the best available
crucible materials either melt
or contaminate the material
from which the crystals are
to be grown. The plaSma
torch avoids all the diSad-
vantages and is ideally suited
for crystal production.
"It appears to be quite
feasible to generate still
higher temperatures, ap-
preaching 100000 degrees,
without excessive power re-
quirementS."
4
A chemical cleansing Sys-