davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-06

2 man. v. M. Molotov. stayed
in the hall.
Mr.. Emelyanov. in a state
ment Immediately before DR.
Eklund was sworn in, declared
the election would have very
negative consequences for the
agency" He added that DR.,
Eklund will not enjoy the sup
port of the Socialist countries
as IAEA director general"
He charged the election had
been "railroaded by the West
ern majority in the agency"
and that DR.. Eklund, in &C
cepting his nomination, has
shown that he is willing to be-
come tool of the Western
powers.
The United States and their
allies assumed great re-
sponSibility for the very mega
tive consequences the decision
forced upon us will have for
this organization" Mr.. Emel-
yanov said. The Soviet gov
eminent will draw all appro-
pirate conclusions"
L. S. Rejects Views
It was not Immediately clear
what Mr.. Emelyanov meant by
this last part of the statement
However. the Soviet chief dele
gate last night announced that
he would advise his govern
ment to withdraw from the 76-
nation Atoms-for- Peace agency
in protest against what he
called complete lack of inter-
national collaboration"
United States Ambassador
Henry Smythe, replying to Mr..
Emelyanov's statement before
the Inauguration, said the
United States Government
could not accept the views ex-
pressed by the Soviet delegate.
He said he would not go into
a detailed reply because this
would be inappropriate at this
time.
I'VE, for our part, remain
devoted to the high purposes
of this organization. DR.. Elk
lund is entitled to know that he
has the full support Of the
United States and, I am conf
dent, OF a great majority Of
the member states Of this
agency"
United States diplomats
took the view that the Soviet
threat to withdraw from the
agency was part of the Krem-
lin scheme to paralyze the
United Nations.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-06
u. S. Tells U. N. Details
Of Kennedy Aid Plan

UNITED NATIONS, N Y, Oct P).-The United States
proposed today sevenpont program to put into action
President Kennedys proposal for making the ls60s
United Nations decade of development"
put emphasis increasing funds technical assistance
to underdeveloped countries and making of food
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-06
Swede Heads A-Agency,
Red Delegate Walks Out

VIENNA Austria Oct API-A Swedish nucear scientist,
Dr. Sigvard Ekund nauguraed director general of
the EastWes International Atomic Energy Agency today The
Soviet chief delegate Vastly Emeyanov walked out in protest
sharply worded attack Dr. Ekund and the Western
powers remainder Of the Soviet deegaon Including No
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-06
Refer TO TrOika

They made specific reference
to Soviet moves to impose a
troika plan on the agency's
policy-making board of COVER
Evening star., 1961-05-22
THE NEGRO IN WASHINGTON CHAPTER
Jobs, Relief and Freedom Lure Dsi||usioned Here

Il thought it would be better to get
jobs here" he said, "but it wasn't"
After paying the $13.65 train fare from
Charlotte, he began discouraging search
for job and place to stay. He had hoped
to stay with relatives but =.
81 hate to say it, but it's the truth. They
offered me no place to stay and no money.
I just roughed and TOUCHED it. Sometimes
you just has to go along with the tough
as we'll as the easy pickingS"
Something else draws the Negro to
Washington 1t is an image of the Nations
Capital, the center of a government which
always has held out a promise to the colored
man.
Perhaps a 69-year-old colored widow
expressed it best. Sitting in her cluttered
apartment wearing torn bathrobe she
said Washington really has been a haven
for me-" She told how the Government
made it possible for her to live in home
Evening star., 1961-05-22

worker who lives in small, drab row house
in Southeast Washington. He sat in an old
easy chair against wall, talking about
how and why be came to Washington.
On the wall above his head was
framed picture of the Lincoln Memorial,
draped with green, white and red Christ
mas ribbon To his left was a small desk;
in front, couch with glass-topped coffee
table. The living room opened onto the
only bedroom in the house
Sometimes when a mans mind gets
all quivered up, he starts travelling" he
said. 1t was as simple as that
There are thousands of Negroes in
Washington whose minds got all quivered
up, who decided it was time to move on.
This particular man was typical. Like
so many other Negroes who have moved
to Washington, he came from the Carolinas.
Again, like others, he came in search of
work. His experience in that respect was
all too common.
Evening star., 1961-05-22

with gas and hot water and heat in the
winter.
washington? I don't think I could
be in better place. It's been so nice for
me. can't say enough good things about
it, 1 think it's been a great thing for the
colored people who never had much in life.
''You might say that though the slavery
chain was broke century ago, in way
we never been free.
"Ill tell you why we come. During the
depression lot thought that since the
money was made here they'd better come
here So they did WelI,' and she laughed,
you know that WASN'T so, but the Capital
takes care of you"
Putting it another way, as one man
did, it comes down to this:
II want to stay around where the
President lives figure If he eats, I'll eat"
Usually the answers are the same:
Job, better wages, chance, an escape, the
Continued on Page A-4, Col.
Evening star., 1961-05-22
Gen. lie May Named
Air Force Staff Chief

President Kennedy today
named Gen. Curtis E. lie May
to succeed Gen. Thomas D.
White as chief of staff of the
Air Force, effective June 80.
Gen. LIE May-the tough, pic
turesque father of the Strategic
Air Command-haS been vice
chief of staff since July, 1857.
He was nominated for the usual
two-year term
His successor as vice chief
will be Gen. Frederick H. Smith,
now commander of the Air
Force in Europe and also boss
of the Fouth Allied Tactical
Air Force.
The nomination was made on
the recommendation of Air
Force Secretary Zuckert. Mr..
Zuckert was looking for a
combination Of experiences and
youthful drive, and the LIE May
Smith team fits the requirement
well, in his view.
Mr.. Zuckert started the
search for a new chief when he
first took office, as Gen. White
had said some time earlier that
he wanted to retire when his
present tour as chief, his second,
ended. Mr.. Zuckert reviewed
the records of many top air
officers before making his de-
cision.
He said there was no serious
thought of an alternative to
Gen. LIE May, but other De-
fense Department sources say
the gruff, cigar-chewing gen.
erals disinterest in the diplo-
matte and political graces led
the new administration to ask
Gen. White if he was interested
in staying for another tour.
Gen. White preferred to re-
tire, however, and he recon-
mended that Gen. LIE May sue :
ceed him.
Evening star., 1961-05-22
Puroled Rebels
Here to Begin
Exchange TuIks
BY GEORGE SHERMAN
Star Staff Writer

otoI otall "LltcI
DR.. Jose Miro Cardona, pres
ident of the Cuban Revolution
ary Council, said today on his
arrival at National Airport
from Miami that he expects
mo trouble" raising the trac-
tor-ransom demanded by Fidel
Castro for release of 1,214
rebels captured in the abortive
Cuban invasion last month.
Ten rebel prisoners paroled
by Castro and dressed in Army
khakis left the plane in smart
military fashion with DR.. Miro
Cardona. They all are meet
ing with Mrs. Eleanor Roose-
welt. DR.. Milton Eisenhower,
brother of the former Presi-
dent and Union Leader Walter
Reuther this afternoon at the
Statler Hotel to discuss raising
the money to buy 500 tractors
demanded by Castro.
DR.. Cardona, flanked on
one side by Manuel de Varona,
member of the Cuban Revolu-
tionary Council in charge of
military affairs, said that I'VE
must do all in our power to
save these prisoners"
Mrs. Roosevelt, DR.. Eisen-
hover and Mr.. Reuther have
agreed to head a drive to raise
millions of dollars from private
sources for the ransom -trac-
tors.
Although the State Depart
ment is not directly involved,
a spokesman has said the
See EXCHANGE, Page Az
Evening star., 1961-05-22
Castro Insists on Deal
With U. S., Not Miro
Prime Minister
Threatens to Drop
Tractor Trade

KEY WEST, Fla, May %
(AP) .-Fidel Castro will not
at any time-negotiate with the
Revolutionary Council headed
by DR.. Jose Miro Cardona. but
would deal with the United
States Government, Havana
Radio said today.
The broadcast, heard here,
said the Prime Minister would
negotiate with any member of
the American executive branch,
with a congressional commits
sion or any other Government
group.
The Havana Radio said Mr..
Castro is prepared to exchange
prisoners of last months in
vasion of Cuba for what he
called political prisoners" in
the United States and Central
America.
Mr.. Castro also repeatedly
threatened to call off the bull
dozers for prisoners negotia-
tions if the United States per
sists in referring to it as ar
exchange"
This is an indemnificatior
and not an exchange" he re-
portedly told Prensa Latina, the
Cuban news agency.
The Cuban broadcast SAID
Mr.. Castro. indicated a willing
ness to trade political prisoners
in Cuba for Pedro Albizu Cam,
pos, jailed Puerto Rican Ma
tionalist leader; Francisco (Tht
Hook Molina and other pris-
onerS in Guatemala, Nicaragua
and Spain.
Albizu Campos, leader of the
See CASTRO, Page A:
Evening star., 1961-05-22

direct the district court dn
Chicago on receipt of our
mandate to enter an order
requiring Du Pont to file within
60 days a proposed judgment
providing for complete diversti-
ture of its General Motors
stock, to commence within 90
days. and to be completed
within not to exceed 10 years.
of the effective date of the
district courts judgment"
Both Stocks Drop
Justice Frankfurter said in
his 44-page dissenting opinion
that Judge La Buy has fash
ioned a closely knit network of
provisions to prevent preferen-
tial dealings between General
Motors and Du Pont."
He noted that Judge La Buy
was certain diveStiture of the
GIN stock by Du Pont would
work great and unjustifiable
loss on wholly innocent inves-
tors.
The prices of both Du Pont
and General Motors dropped
sharply on the New York Stock
Exchange on the news. Du Pont,
which had been up $3.50 at
S229.50 at one point as Wall
Street anticipated a favorable
ruling, plunged below last Fri
days close of 1920 and kept
going. Within minutes after
the news reached the trading
floor, it sold at $212. General
Motors, up rs cents at $49.50
at one point, slipped to $47.50,
off SIPS from Friday.
Evening star., 1961-05-22
South Korean
Split Reported
Leaders Disagree
Over Power

SEOUL, May % (AP).-A
split was reported in South
Korea's new military govern
ment today over the division of
power among the military serv-
ices.
A competent source said ma
rineS and paratroopers who took
over Seoul last Tuesday and
were the shock troops of the
coup refused an order Saturday
to withdraw from the capitol
building and return to their
camps outside Seoul.
The marines and paratroop-
ers demanded more places on
the 30-member revolutionary
council. which except for ma
rine brigadier general and colo
mel consists entirely of army
officers. There is also a marine
colonel in the cabinet of Is Of
ficers that was sworn in yester-
day.
Demand by Magruder
United States Gen. Carter B.
Magruder, under whose United
Nations command all South
Korean forces are placed, re-
portedly demanded Saturday
that all the 5000 troops used
in the coup return to their orig
inal stations.
The order to move out was
issued by 1t. Gen. Chang Do
young. the junta chief who also
is premier, defense minister and
army chief of staff.
Although the marines and
'paratroopers furnished the
troops for the coup, the COM
position of the revolutionary
council and the cabinet re-
See KOREA, Page A-4
Evening star., 1961-05-22
Menshikov Flying
Home for Visit

NEW YORK, May % iAP)
Soviet Ambassador Mikhail
Menshikov left by plane for
Moscow last night saying he
would be gone three or four
weeks, and might attend the
Kennedy -Khrushchev confer
ence in Vienna.
Asked whether he was taking
back any ideas for subjects Of
discussion at the conference,
Mr.. Menshikov replied: I'll
think that over on the way to
Moscow"
Evening star., 1961-05-22


required to dispose outright of
its SO million shares of stock in
GIN. The shares are valued at
more than $2.5 billion.
Justice Brennan delivered
the courts majority opinion
Justice Frankfurter wrote a
dissenting opinion which. JUS
tices Whitaker and Stewart
joined.
Justices Clark and Harlan
took no part in the case. Thus
the vote was 4 to 3.
Justice Brennan'S opinion
said that the courts majority
thought The public is entitled
to the surer. cleaner remedy of
diveStiture."
Justice Brennan added:
THE same result would fol-
low even if We were in doubt.
For it is well settled that once
the Government has success
fully borne the considerable
burden of establishing a viola
ton of law. all doubts as to
the remedy are to be resolved
in its (the Governments
favor"
Justice Brennan said the
court majority felt that this
already protracted litigation
should be concluded as soon as
possible"
ITO that end" he said, I'VE
Evening star., 1961-05-22
Huge Gem Offered

LONDON, May % (AP).-A
78-carat diamond once owned
by Emperor Franz Joseph Of
Austria and valued at more
than $280,000 will be offered
for sale at Southeby's auction
house here next month. Of
ficials said a Frenchman owns
the diamond.
Evening star., 1961-05-22
u. S. Plans to Arrest Rioters;
Montgomery Under Martial Law
u. S. Warned
To Stoy Out
Of Race Fight
BY CECIL HOLLAND
Star staff Writer

MONTGOMERY, Ala, May
pa rampaging mob which
besieged about $500 Negroes
attending a church meeting,
overturned automobiles and set
them afire, smashed windows
and hurled fire bombs brought
martial rule to this Deep South
city today.
Gov. John Patterson signed
the emergency order last night
as city police, State patrolmen
and United States marshals
battled the mob with repeated
rounds of tear gas, clubs and,
in the end, some warning pistol
shots.
When the rioterS-eStimated
at 500 or more-were dispersed,
small gangs rowing through
the streets of this one-time cap
ital of the Confederacy led
Alabama officials to insist on
the Negroes remaining in the
church for most of the night
for their own safety.
Negroes Get Guards
1t was not until 3:15 am.
(CST) that the Negroes were
allowed to leave the church.
They were taken to their homes
in National Guard trucks
guarded by troopers with rifles
and fixed bayonetS.
For hours during the night,
police ears. motorcycle OFF,
GERS, deputy sheriffs and Fed
eral marshals, sent here over
Gov. Patterson's bitter protest,
roared through the streets try
ing to restore order.
Bus terminals, the airport
and all main thoroughfares
were under close guard.
A tWo-block area around the
Negro First Baptist Church,
where the rioting broke out,
was cordoned off and no one
was allowed to approach the
scene after Guardsmen were
called out.
Shortly after midnight, po-
lice imposed a curfew and be-
gan clearing the streets of all
teen-agers.
City and county officers ar
rested l6 white persons after
the disturbances. No charges
were filed. however, and all
were released.
1t was Montgomery's second
straight day of racial violence.
A group of freedom riders, {"
including three white students,
was battered and bloodied Sat-
urday on their arrival here on
a test of desegregated travel
through the South.
Students Risk Arrests
Gov. Patterson acted af-
ter a screaming, haunting mob
threatened for time to over
run Federal marShals guarding
the church where the Rev.
Martin Luther King. jr., OF
Atlanta. an integration leader,
was whipping up backing for
the freedom ride" movement.
Seventeen Negro students,
some with bandaged heads,
emerged from the seclusion OF
private homes and riSked ar
rest by Montgomery authorities
to take part in the church
rallies. Warrants have been
issued for the arrest of the
students on charges of violat-
ing a State court order fol
them to stay out of the city
No arrests have been made.
The jeering white crowd, in
cluding many women, gathered
on a corner a block from the
church as the meeting was get.
ting under way. Insults were
hurled at Negroes hurrying by
II See RACIAL, Page At
Evening star., 1961-05-22
DC. Officials
Urge 4 Steps
ToCut Crime
More Policemen
Judges Asked at
Senute Hearing
By JOHN McKELWAY
Star Staff Writer

Four steps to meet a recent
crime wave were recommended
to the Senate District Commit.
tee today by a group of Law
reinforcement officials.
After testifying before the
District Committee. members oi
the Law Enforcement Council,
went into executive session anC
then recommended, in priority
order:
l. That the police force be
brought to strength of 5000
men.
2. A bill abolishing the man.
datory death penalty in first
degree murder cases.
8. Two more Judges for Ju.
venile Court.
4. An increased number oi
probation and parole officers.
Absent from the councils
recommendations today was its
previous position that the NAL
lory and Durham court deci-
sions be clarified through legis-
lation.
Defended by Morse
In crime hearings held in the
House last week, Police Chief
Robert V. Murray claimed the
two decisions have hampered
police and prosecutors in the
prevention of crime.
Today. however, Senator
Morse, Democrat of Oregon
strongly supported the two de-
cisions and indicated he would
fight any attempt to change
them. Also, Senator Bible
Democrat of Nevada and
chairman of the District Com
mtttee, said that law enforce
ment officers in the District
face greater legal restrictions
than do other policemen be-
cause Washington is a Fed
eral Jurisdiction"
Oliver GaSch, former Unitec
States Attorney for the District
the councils chairman, said thu
two controversial decision!
would be discussed at another
meeting of the council OF
Thursday.
Today'S Senate hearing wa.
brief and was taken up largely
by Senator Morse'S defense o.
the two decisions.
District Crime Discussed
Mr.. Gasch and Chief Murray
were the hearings only wit
nesses and they only general!
discussed the crime situation
with members of the committee
The council was created b!
an act of Congress and i
charged with a continual exam
ination of local law enforce
ment. Its members includ
Chief Murray, David C. Ache
son, the new District Attorney
Donald Clemmer. director of tn
Department of Corrections. ant
Walter N. Tobriner, presiden
of the Board of Commissioners
Senator Morse told the coun
Gil members that the Mallor,
Rule is as sound today as whel
it was written.
The Mallory Rule makes
voluntary confession inadmis
sable as evidence if there wa
unnecessary delay between ar
rest and arraignment. TIL
See CRIME, Page A
Evening star., 1961-05-22
BULLETIN
9 Missing in Blast

CUMBERLAND, Md. (AP).
Mine persons were missing
and six other workers injured
today in an explosion and fire
at a Navy facility which
makes fuel for missiles. The
plant is near here.
Earlier Story on Page B-5)
Evening star., 1961-05-22
Governor Acts
After Night
Of Violence
BY MIRIAM GUTENBERG
Star Staff Writer

Attorney General Robert F.
Kennedy today ordered about
200 more Federal officers into
strife-torn Montgomery, Ala,
to help maintain order.
Mr.. Kennedy also told a news
conference the FBI has un-
covered evidence of Federal law
violations in the Montgomery
rioting and action will be taken
today to start prosecuting vio-
lators. He said that "a number
of people are involved"
Commenting on the activities
of the United States marshals
in helping to protect a church
congregation against an ad-
vancing mob last night, the
Attorney General said:
Without any question you
would have had major blood
shed in Montgomery if it hadn't
been for the United States
marShalS.
Over 600 on Scene
The new officers to be dep
utized, he said, are mostly
agents of the immigration and
Naturalization Service. They
will bring the total number of
deputy marShals on the scene
to between 600 and 700.
Mr.. Kennedy said the latest
contingent was ordered to the
scene partially to relieve depu-
ties who have been without
sleep for 48 hours.
But Mr.. Kennedy added:
obviously we we're not salts
fled with the situation or we
wouldn't be sending in more
marshals."
Slowed down by a sleepless
week end, Mr.. Kennedy paused
for several minutes before he
replied when asked about the
use of Federal troops.
His first answer to the ques-
ton finally was, II would say
this was considered as we'll as
other alternatives. Well take
whatever action is necessary"
When the same question was
repeated later, he said. I'VE
have no plans to send in Fed
eral troops. The situation with
the marShals is adequate at
the present time"
White House NOncOmmittal
At the White House, Associate
Press Secretary Andrew Hatch
er said Il don't know" when
asked if President Kennedy is
considering sending troops to
Montgomery.
Mr.. Hatcher added that any
further presidential action in
the Alabama situation would
follow recommendations by the
Attorney General.
Mr.. Hatcher said the Presi-
dent was being kept advised by
the Justice Department but
had not had any personal con-
versations on the racial crisis
in Alabama since returning by
helicopter at 9::44 am. today
from a week end at Middleburg,
Va.
Asked if the President re-
garded Alabama Gov. Patter-
sons refusal to take a telephone
call from him as an affront, Mr..
Hatcher said, Il don't know"
Attorney General Kennedy
See JUSTICE, Page AS
Evening star., 1961-05-22
BRIDGE SWINDLES
ARE USEFUL

SWINDLES OF bridge ore O fine
and useful ort for getting something
you're not entitled to. CoIumnist
Alfred SheinwoId, on Pose B-l9, be-
gins series Of articles this week
explaining swindIe eombits.
Evening star., 1961-05-22
MoreMQrshuIs Sent to Alabama
Du Pont Is Ordered
To Give Up GIN Stock
Supreme Court DEGREES Surrender
Of Voting Power Alone Is insufficient
By the Associated Pres

The Supreme Court today ruled that E. I. du Pont de
NemourS Co. must give up its huge holdings in General
Motors Corp
The court ruled Justice Department appeal from
decision by United States District Judge Walter La Buy in
Chicago Judge La Buy found Du Points surrender of its
Evening star., 1961-05-22
g 1851 by The Washington Star
BY HAYNES JOHNSON
Star staff Writer


In his nylon stocking cap, brown jacket,
brown overalls and workmens shoes, he
could have been one of thousands. In fact,
he was.
81 had people here" he was saying,
land got fed up with working on the job
This series is result of four months Of interviews
with hundreds Of Negroes in oil woks Of life. The
drowins Poee A is by Lilly Spondor. Washington
ortist.
in Charlotte. In 80 the bank went broke
on me and I lost everything I had. You
keep your trouble to yourself and it keeps
growing on you.
1T seems to me they took my money,
which 1 know they did So I had me
little change and came here in July of "a.
been here since"
The man was Negro construction
Evening star., 1961-05-22

voting power in GM would be
sufficient to meet the anti
trust laws.
The Justice Department ap-
peal insisted Du Pont should be
Three Turncoots Win Court Fight for
POW Pay. Pose B-5
Evening star., 1961-05-22
THE WEATuED. Full Report
~'ffLN' on Poee BE-

District and vicinity-Fair and cool tonight,
low in upper 40s. Partly cloudy, continued
cool tomorrow. High and low of last "a
hours: High, II, at 4:3O pm. yesterday;
low, 81, at 1:3O am. today.