davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-09-11
Too-Conyenient Banks

In their efforts to make banking
more convenient for their customers,
many of the larger banks also have
made things more convenient for un-
wanted customers, namely, burglars
and robbers. The Federal Bureau of In
vestigation thinks it is more than
coincidental that trend upward in
bank burglarieS and hold-upS has
paralleled the trend of big city banks to
open suburban branches And suburban
areas usually are not so we'll policed as
the citieS-a fact which is not unknown
to the underworld.
Because of the surge of bank crimes
recently, the FBI will devote a special
series of interjurisdictional law enforce
ment conferences to the problem of
curbing bank breakings and armed
robberies. The conferences, to take
place over period of several months
in various parts of the country, will
consider the suburban-bank factor in
its relation to bank protection in general.
FBI Director Hoover released fig
ureS showing that violations of the
Federal Bank Robbery Act totaled 895
during the past fiscal year-an increase
of 142 over the preceding period. The
FBI noted that many of the robberieS
were committed by novices, contributing
to the difficulties of investigation. A
professional bank robber often leaves
an IN. o." clue to his identity, the
letters standing for method of oper-
alton" The novice follows no set
pattern. These and other phases of
the bank-protection problem will be
discussed at the forthcoming confer
enceS. Not surprisingly, representatives
of the banking, savings and loan, credit
union and surety businesses will par
ticipate in the parleys-for at stake are
not only their assets but sometimes the
lives of their employees.
Evening star., 1961-09-11
Mr.. K. and the Brink

AS If to give grim emphasis to Nikita
KhruShchev weekend rejection Of the
Anglo-American proposal for an i'm
mediate ban on atmospheric nuclear
tests, the Soviet Union now has set off
two more such detonations-oneo of them
with an explosive force equivalent to
that of several million tons of TINT. The
resultant radioactive fallout, even if not
necessarily dangerous as of the present
moment, can hardly fail to add ap-
preciably to the potential genetic menace
inherent in the Kremlin'S apparent
determination to carry out an extensive
series of above ground shots, ranging
conceivably up to magnitudeS of scores
of megatonS.
In these circumstances, in their
joint statement on the Soviet Premier'S
rejection, President Kennedy and British
Prime Minister Macmillan have had
ample reason to voice their deepest
regret" And they have underStated the
case In declaring that this negative
action contrasts vividly with the Soviet
Unions own repeated expressions of con-
cern as to the health hazards of such
testing" In the past three yearS-during
the course of the moratorium which he
has now so abruptly wrecked-Mr. Khru-
Shchev himself has spoken frequently on
the subject, always as if seeming to be
Mortified that anybody should even think
of poisoning the earthS air with ex-
periments unleaShing radioactivity.
But today the story is different. The
Kremlin, as if striving to terrorize the
world into submission, has resumed the
fallout-cauSing shots, and it has ac-
companied this with the announcement
of plans to teSt-fire a series of more
powerful and improved rockets" in the
Pacific. With these and other military
measures, it has greatly intensified
international tension, especially in con-
nection with it's efforts to have it's way
which means to spread its dominance
as regards the future of West Berlin
and partitioned Germany. Small wonder
that our own country is taking defen-
Sive counter-meaSureS, including
resumption of underground nuclear ex-
plosionS, which will involve no fallout
dangers, and which President Kennedy
1ldo OlOClCO W oCINC GI1C SCCu1IIy VI GIlC
United States and the free world as a
whole.
Yet, quite in keeping with the
Pope's plea to leaders of both East and
West to seek peaceful and honorable
settlement of their differences, both Mr..
Kennedy and Mr. Macmillan have re-
affirmed in their latest statement that
they are still ready to work out "a con-
trolled nuclear test ban agreement of
the widest scope" And even Mr.. Khru-
Shchev has just professed, in his speech
yesterday at Stalingrad, to see an
encouraging glimmer of hope" for
fruitful talks on Berlin and related
issues. At the same time, moreover, in
tones relatively temperate for him, he
has acknowledged that the Soviet Union
would suffer great losses in an atomic
hydrogen war. If he and his colleagues
in the Kremlin are keeping that point
we'll in mind, then maybe he will put an
end to his craftsmanship and join the
West, at long last, in genuinely honest
negotiations.
Evening star., 1961-09-11
New Era for Freedmen's

=. F'reedmen'S Hospital, born auSpi-
ciouSly during the Civil War but now a
yshamefully deteriorated institution, is
due for rebirth soon into a modern
hospital of expanded service to the
community. The new era for Freedmen'S
is made possible by congressional ap-
proval OF a reorganization and rebuild
ing plan proposed in 1855 but delayed by
demands of union officials for a guar
antee of employe security and privileges.
Employees, patients and the public will
benefit from the reconstruction program.
Long complaints over the made
quacy of facilities at Freedmen'S led
Mrs. Oveta Culp Hobby, then Secretary
OF Health, Education and Welfare, to
ask special committee to investigate
conditions and make recommendations
for improvement of the hospital in 1866.
The committee proposed what now has
been ordered by Congress, namely, the
transfer of Freedmens to Howard Uni
yerSity as teaching and general hos
pital adjunct to its Medical School-and
the building of an entirely new plant for
the old hospital. Although subsequent
Federal officials also urged the modern
ization, union fears that the transfer to
Howard would impair employe benefits
stalled the legislation for several years.
The differences were Smoothed out
eventually, and HEW Secretary Ribi-
cpff was effectively influential in obtain
ing congressional approval.
8 So Howard University now acquires
available teaching facility and Freed
mems is assured of competent stating
and up-to-date building and equipment.
Only the Presidents signature now is
needed to launch Freedmen's on another
century of service.
Evening star., 1961-09-11
Germans Scopegoots

Frankly, I have long been
waiting for someone like Ben
jamin Kirson to give us a
new perspective in this SEEM
ingly chaotic world of today.
He has found the missing
clue, the source of evil, the
party responsible for all that
is happening in Europe, Asia,
Africa, and South America:
the German leaders. Since
there are no concentration
camps nor suppression of po-
litical minorities, since Ger
man colonies are not in the
debate, since there is no Hit
Ter nor a stock pile of atomic
weapons in Germany to set
the world ablaze, and since
that country is so happily di-
vided in two, the larger part
being smaller than Oregon,
what, then, is left to be con-
sidered sinister enough to
cause all the trouble? The
leaders. Please, note the plu-
raj form. We finally know it
now, thanks to the qualified
Mr.. Kirson of Pennsylvania.
May the United Nations soon
introduce into their discus
sions the most splendid reve-
lations Of this resourceful
mind of our Nation.
III. J. KlapprOth
Evening star., 1961-09-11

In the letter Senator's
Two Hats" your correspond
ent, Mr.. Work, suggests that
because a legislator may hold
a commission in the military
reserve there is, therefore, a
conflict in interests between
the legislative and executive
branches of Government.
This, in turn, is depicted as a
violation Of the spirit of the
Constitution and a conspiracy
against the American voter
and taxpayer.
There is no real conflict
of interests because a reserv-
ist is just that. He is a civil
ian, not a soldier in the true
sense.
AS for having legislators
familiar with the military es-
tablishment and it's way-I
think that's an excellent idea.
You know what they say
"It takes one to catch one"
Seems like I heard someone
mention Gen. Goldwater, but
has anyone been paging Col.
Smith2
a Robert E. TrimbIe
Evening star., 1961-09-11
THE PASSING SCENE
BY WILLIAM S. WHITE
What This Congress Hasn't Done

1t is now clear that the rec
ord of this session of Con-
gress, the final paragraphs
of which are now being writ
ten, will not please the DEM
ocratic National Committee,
the Republican National
Committee or any other loud
ly partisan group or interest.
The frantically liberal will
not like it. Nor will the des-
perately ultraconservative. 1t
won't win or lose any national
election, either the 1862 con-
gressional election or the 1864
presidential election. 1t may,
however, turn out to be quite
pleasing to people of temper
ate minds and moderate pur-
poses who don't care about
politics for its. own sake, but
see it simply as a means by
which certain things are &C
complished, preferably in a
quiet and rational way.
r Time to Yawn
When you hear someone
shout that this has been, a
Congress of an evilly "con-
servative" Democratic Re-
publican coalition bent only
on wrecking the plans of a
liberal" Democratic Presi-
dent, the soundest response
will be a yawn. This sort of
thing comes from people who
believe that every single bill
sent by a President to a Con-
gresS should be promptly and
unqueStionably adopted, down
to the last comma. Any re-
sistance at all, they think, is
somehow unconstitutional, or
something. Equally, when you
hear somebody shout that
this Congress has been only a
spineless stooge for the White
House, the Soundest response
will be the same-a yawn. For
this sort of thing comes from
people who believe in their
hearts that any President
Eisenhower, Kennedy or who-
ever-ought to be treated by
any Congress with the grav-
est of suspicion.
The truth is that this
Congress has rather faith
fully reflected the moderate
mood Of a country little con-
cerned with theological and
partisan hair-splitting, but
much concerned with SEN
sible and restrained perform
ance. 1t is competence. not
color" which the public
has wanted.
President Kennedy has by
no means overmastered Con-
gresS, as Franklin D. RooSe-
velt once did. Nor should he
have done so. On the other
hand, he has been, as PreSi-
Evening star., 1961-09-11

dent, by no means the victim
of some sort of congressional
ambush. Nor should he have
been.
In the very early days Just
after his Inauguration in
January, Mr.. Kennedy asked
and Congress mptly
granted a whole series of
essentially relief measures.
Congress agreed quickly and
acted quickly because of the
then existing business re-
cession. AS the recession
began to lift, Congress quit
being so kind to presidential
plans involving spending and
a good deal of experimenting
in general.
The President, in his turn,
then began properly to draw
back a bit - to reduce, in
spirit if not formally, some
of his earlier requests. This
was simply an acceptance by
him Of the new realities that
this country was on the up
ward economic march again
and was, moreover, being
bedeviled by foreign crises
from Cuba to Berlin.
Spenders at Work
But some of the lesser fig
ures within his adminiStra-
ton, along with such ultra
liberal Democratic Senator's
as Wayne Morse of Oregon
and Joseph Clark of Pennsyl-
vania, could not or would not
read the new realities. They
continued to argue for spend
ing programs much as
though this were the decade
of the long distant depres-
sion rather than a year Of
steadily rising payrollS and
profits.
It is these men, and not
his official opposition, who
have given and will give the
President his greatest trou-
BILE in Congress. 1t is now
plain beyond dispute that
when the new session meets
next January, his whole cen
trail problem will be to deal
with an infinitely dangerous
world situation.
Thus his greatest necessity
will be to find-if he cana
means to calm the ultra-lib-
erals in his own party. He
must somehow keep them
from threShing wildly
about toward dubious re-
formist goals which have
nothing to do with winning
a cold war and will only dis
tract and divide the Nation.
He must convince them, in a
word, that these are the
1960's-and not the 1930'S.
Evening star., 1961-09-11
MPs Available

It is deplorable to pick up a
newspaper, or hear on the ra-
dio each day of the assaults,
attempted assaults, yolk-
ingS, rapes, purse-snatchings,
etc. that happen in the Ma
tion's Capital. What can be
done? A Senator not so long
ago mentioned troops, but
better still, in the Metropol-
itan area there are at least
100 highly qualified military
policemen with anywhere
from 5 to 20 years expert
ence, who have part-t time
jobs off-duty, working as
guards, watchmen, security
police in various civilian
agencies. I, myself, a military
policeman for the past 10
years, would gladly assist and
I'm pretty sure many other
off-duty MP'S, including
armed service police, would
walk side by side with a Met
ropolitan policeman in pa
trolling our streets. Almost
1000 of the military police
are graduates of the Military
Police School at Ft. Gordon,
Georgia.
Liaison between the Police
Commissioner, Washington,
and the Provost Marshal,
MDW, could be worked out,
without any trouble. The po-
liceman and MP on the beat
have a common goal; help
reduce crime. Pair them up
on our streets, and see the
effect it can have; anything
is worth trying.
Regular Army MP
Evening star., 1961-09-11
McGWs Image of Lee
Probably no two Americans

Probably no two Americans
have been quoted more out of
context than Thomas Jeffer-
son and Abraham Lincoln.
In the writings of both of
these great Presidents are
found proposals to repatriate
Negroes to their native land.
Jefferson writes of the intol-
cradle situation which would
ensue if these Negroes were
not replaced by white workers
and if they ever attain
equality, which he predicts
If they are not returned to
Africa. In his letter to Horace
Greeley, Lincoln forever en-
graves the Republican policy
of his administration as the
preservation of the Union.
He even suggests a continu-
alton of slavery in some areas
if this would secure both
peace and union. So much
for the Great Emancipator.
Yet we are daily lectured
to from the graves of both
via the medium of certain So
called liberal columnists who
lay great stress on some of
the writings of Lincoln and
Jefferson but are strangely
silent on other writings less
convenient.
Now Ralph McGill has be-
gun the transformation Of
Robert E. Lee into an accept
able liberal image. This will
take some doing and would
tax the talents of a lesser
man, but it has been done
before and it will be done
again. How do you propose to
maintain leadership in the
funnies while this opus un-
folds?
A. Thompson.
4 Il +
What is all this garbling
by McGill about our great
Gen. Lee whose exalted char
acter has so often and justly
been compared to that of
Washington, with whose
family he was so closely con-
nected? Robert E. Lee was
incapable Of betraying any,
one and showed it by refus-
ing to betray his home and
people.
I'm sure that neither he
nor any Confederate re-
gretted fighting for the prin-
ciple that great cause stood
for. And I'm equally sure
that neither he nor they
ever advocated any of the
social and socialistic expert
ments now being urged upon
us by some.
Gen. Eisenhower recently
said, speaking of the Confed-
crate dead, May your sons
and daughters be possessors
Of the courage, convictions
and self-lessness that you so
richly displayed" May we In
deed, when today our great
governmental principles and
safeguards are under attack,
not only from without but
within, by a creeping social
ism and those willing to
overturn any one or all of
them for their own immedi-
ate advantage.
Patrick Henry Jackson.
Evening star., 1961-09-11
Day of Prayer

Recently I read in The
Evening Star that DR.. Billy
Graham had urged the Presi-
dent to name a National
Day of Prayer for our coun-
try. I can think of nothing
this Nation needs more or
from which more good would
come. In such a critical time
in the history of our country
we all need to do everything
possible to improve condi-
tions and prayer is one way.
America was founded on re-
ligious principles so please
let us show the rest of the
world that we still believe
that God is in His Heaven
and that He alone can bring
to us the peace which we all
cherish and have not enjoyed
for a long, long time. Let's
have a Day of Prayer soon.
Esther ii. Robinson.
Evening star., 1961-09-11
Mr.. Ks 'GombIinq'

Inc ITlSIlIeIllIlS LIll1lS
about the international situ-
alton is the sudden Soviet
disregard of public opinion
abroad. They could not help
knowing, masters of propa-
ganda that they are, that
their relentless agitation over
Berlin and their audacious
resumption of nuclear device
testing in series, would create
strong nti-Communist feel
ing throughout the non-Com-
munist world.
It may be argued that the
Soviet moves were designed
to impress the Belgrade SYM
postum of non-aligned ma
tions in an attempt to
frighten them into accepting
Communist decisions con-
corning Berlin. But it is high
ly unlikely that the Rem
brandt Of propaganda would
risk the ruination of a canvas
with such a shallow stroke of
the brush.
1t is much more likely that
the Soviet Union has lost it's
struggle with Red China, and
is now embarked upon a
course that will bring "the
force, if necessary" so inher-
ent in Soviet ideology. AS
Adolf Hitler in 1888 and 1889
played upon the French and
British desire for peace and
aversion to war, so Nikita
Khrushchev is gambling that
the non-Communist worlds
fear of a nuclear war is
greater than the Communist
worlds fear of such a con-
flict.
The time seems at hand for
the nations Of the world to
stand up and be counted.
Those who decide to cast
their lot with the mtions
Evening star., 1961-09-11
Alexandra Sit-Ins

IL seems 1t would be more
fitting to read a headline
Eight Sentenced to Jail in
Sit-Ins" and learn that the
locale was in a totalitarian
government where freedom is
extinct, than to see it with
reference to Alexandria, Vir-
ginia, in the shadow of the
Capital of the Free World to
which people of many ma
tions today cast their eyes
realizing that democracy is
the last best hope for hu-
manity.
To read about the denial
OF these freedoms in an
American community as we'll
as a hypocritical disregard
for religious teachings should
make us acutely aware that
we are engaged in a great
deception perpetrated against
ourselves. y
1t Is a delusion to speak Of
winning the freedom for half
the world and at the same
time here at home deprive
citizens of this country the
very freedom for which we
are fighting to attain for
others.
The community Of Alexan-
dria has exemplified itself
with pride in the orderly de-
segregation of our public
schools as well as in the de-
segregation of many lunch
counters. There have been no
incidents in either area, and
I pray at this time that
the restaurateurS will search
their hearts and reverse their
segregated policy. Commen-
dation must also go to Mayor
Frank E. Mann, who has
guaranteed protection for
those seeking action against
injusticeS. This attitude on
the part of our Mayor should
serve as an incentive to
orderly conduct in maintain
ing the peace and good will
of our Alexandria community
which is second to none.
What crime has our fell
low citizens committed? They
are guilty of nothing more
than seeking in practice what
our Government and religious
heritages proclaim in prin-
ciple. It is time now for us
to show our sincerity when
we speak of American
democracy and religious doc
trines to really see effectively
practiced, Behold how good
and how pleasant it is for
brothers to dwell together in
unity"
Rabbi Emmet A. Frank,
Beth Ell Hebrew Congrega-
ton, Alexandria, Va.
Evening star., 1961-09-11
Atlanta Schools

AS the stream of democ-
racy courses into a new and
broader channel of school
integration at Atlanta, the
rest Of our country must
surely be transfixed with
admiration.
The vision and resolve of
the city's mayor, police chief
and superintendent Of schools
deserve the Nations praise.
The conduct of the teachers,
students, parents and of the
citizens in general has been
exemplary. Theirs has been
an action of Two Jima flag
raising quality.
]. w. Haywood, Jr.
Evening star., 1961-09-11

who wish to remain free,
must be given proper pro-
lection against attack. And
proper protection would call
for a crash program of Polaris
submarine building, and for
the United States to offer the
protection such undersea
craft can provide to all the
nations who desire it.
Phelps Phelps,
Former U. S. Ambassador
to the Dominican Republic
Evening star., 1961-09-11
VSTAS IN SCIENCE
First Attempt at Mapping Creation
By THOMAS R. HENRY

There are generations Of
univerSes.
Like men, these billion-odd
aggregationS of billions of
stars are born and die. Some
have only a few million
years of existence. Some, like
the Milky Way galaxy of
which the solar system is a
minute part, have long, Sc
date and rather respectable
lives extending into many
millions of centuries. They all
inevitably die but new genera
tionS follow them. Super-vast
creation, of which they are
units, goes on from forever
to forever-perhaps a para
doxical expression, but for
ever is only a human concept
and all human concepts are
paradoxical in the face Of
the overwhelming allness of
reality.
Complete classification of
"universes" as yet is far from
possible. 1t is little more than
Is years since the reality of
such star aggregations, mil
lions Of light years apart. first
was demonstrated by the late
DR.. Edwin Hubble, Carnegie
Institution of Washington as
tronomer. Much has been
learned since. The extent of
classification up to now is
summarized in an atlas of
galaxies just issued by the
institution. Prepared by DR..
Allan Sandage, Of the Car
negie astronomical staff, it
lists about 20 types and sub
types of these units of allness.
The work really is a first at
tempt to make a map Of
creation.
mE" GaIaxies First
First come the so-called
"E" galaxies. They are clip
tical in form and invariably
have an outer region of low
surface brightness. With the
largest telescopes a few indi-
vidual stars have been dis
cerned in them. These are
predominantly red, indicating
relative GOODNESS. There are
very few bright blue young"
stars. Such galaxies appar-
emily contain no space dust"
which Is characteristic of
other forms, but much gas at
very low densities.
Within them, 1t seems, no
new stars are being born.
Condensations of space dust
would be essential for their
creation. They may represent
last stages toward the disso-
luton of galaxies-"old folks
just hanging on" "They rep
resent" says DR.. Sandage,
IAN important stage in any
theory Of galaxies because
conditions appear rather
simple in them. They are in
an evolutionary stage which
is fairly well understood" All
thus far discerned are in the
so-called "local group"-star
aggregations grouped within
a few million light years-a
light year is the distance
traversed by light waves at
approximately 100000 miles
a second in a year-of the
earth's own Milky Way gal
axy. All are relatively small,
as galaxies go.
From this stage progress
sion is traceable, but not
without some major breaks,
to the spiral nebulae," the
most abundant known type.
The Milky Way system it
self, it is believed. would
look like a spiral-shaped ag-
gregatioqAof stars If viewed
Evening star., 1961-09-11
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used u
letters cGrry tDrtters' correct
names and addresses. All let
terS are subject to condenSd-
tton. Those not used tDtn be
returned only tohen accom-
panied by self : addressed,
stamped envelopes.