davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Detroit tribune., 1961-02-25
"BATTLECRY OF FREEDOM"


America at II is theological war We are los
ina II because we are not fighting IT,"
WITH THESE SENTENCES A STRONG CHALLENGE
WAS PUT TO THE AMERICAN PEOPLE LAST WEEK IN
FULL PAGE THAT APPEARED IN l20 NEWSPAPERS
ACROSS THE COUNTRY.
Under the headline The Hour is Late, Here is the
Answer. For Gods Sake Wake up!". the statement out
lines the reality America faces in the world the
Administration takes office
II gives the evidence of an deoogy at work answering
the strategy Of the Kremn II challenges America to fight
the theological and to make Moral Re-Armamen her
national policy.
THE NEED FOR AMERICA TO FIGHT THIS WAR WAS
FOCUSED BY 20,000-WoRD SPEECH BY PREMIER
KHRUsHcHEv PUBLISHED LAST WEEK.IT IS GENERAL
LY CONSIDERED THE MOST IMPORTANT DOCUMENT
TO COME FROM MOSCOW SINCE THE END OF WORLD
WAR II.
II boldly sets out the Communist strategy for world
conquest KhrUshehev states that the victory Of world
Communism s longer far off" and that neces
sary TO achieve victory.
The Detroit tribune., 1961-02-25
73 Die in Jet Crash


tConnued from Back Page)
GOD ADDITIONALLY, VIA HIS DETROIT TRIBUNE:
HOW THE cAPTVEs OF THE DEVILS BILLION
RAcKETs PAY. AND PAY. AND PAY!
SEX ALCOHOL, TOBACCO. SATANS WHITE
WASH. PSEUDO MEDICAL SCIENCE AND MATERIAL"
MEDICINE! CRIME GAMBLING 'REcReA-
TON NEEDS TO BE ExANINED MOTHER AND TWO
DAUGHTERS. AGES Is and 20. SLAVES OF The
FIGURE ICE SKATING CULT - BLisSFULLY ~
INDIFFERENT TO JESUS 1.-THE WAY OF LIFE IS
STRAIGHT AND NARROW. AND FEW THERE BE THAT
FIND 1T" - THIS SIDE OF SocALLED DEATH =
ADAM-EvE MYTH - BUT THE WAY OF DESTRuc-
TION IS BROAD AND MANY THERE BE WHICH GO
IN THEREAT" THE FLESH PRoFITETH NOTHING!
John 6:63 R.c. 64 AND. THE CHRIST FURTHER
VIA ST. PAUL: THE FLESH LUSTETH AGAINST THE
SPIRIT" AND VICE VERSA - 80 THAT YE CAM
NOT DO THE THINGS THAT YE WOULD" AND SHOULD!
MOTHER AND TWO DAUGHTERS EXAMINED
OVER YoNDER:
WHAT CAN YOU LADIES Do?"
20, WE'RE EXCELLENT ICE SKATERS"
WHAT ELSE CAN YOU Do?"
'WELL, UH, UH, UH. 49,"
"You WILL GO TO THE KINDERGARTEN AND
LEARN THE BASIC MORAL AND SPIRITUAL FACTS
OF LiFE"l - OF THE EXCLUSIVE REALITY OF
suPERsATuRATED lNcoRRuPTIBLE, UNlNvADABLE.
OMNiPRESENT HEAVEN AND ETERNAL LIFE =
TOTALLY VOID OF THE MYTHICAL, DEvLisH.
ANTLCHRlST -PSYcHOPATHc- ADAMEvE,
MURDERoUs CAIN. JUDAS, KNAvEs AND FooLs!-
THE EGO AND PSYCHOLOGY OF HUMAN BIRTHS
AND PARENTHooD - COMPLETELY REPUDIATED
BY THE C-H-iL-D-L-E-S-s CHRIST JESUS. THE
WAY. THE TRUTH. AND THE LlFE"l
JESUS REPUTATION OF SEX AND PARENT
HOOD - THE KEY TO THE POPULATION ExPLO-
sIoN" FLOODS, LUNAcY. TREASON!
'73 DIE IN JET CRASH, R.c. BELGIUM; ~ US.
ICE STARS
BRUSSELS. BeIeiur--tUPD-AII 8 members Of the
United States fisurekang flying TO Prague for
international killed Wednesday when Belgian
Jet airlner crashed Brussels Airport.
The crash killed 73 persons including 81 Americans
Among the dead Americas queen of the ice",
Laurence Owen, Is. who the North American figure
skating championship only four days ago.
The dead also included three from Michigan Douglas
Ramsay l6 Detroit Redford High junior; his school coach
Carl William BilD swalender. ST. Of Southed Mich and
Or. Martin s. Sora az. of East Lansing. internationally
known art history professor at Michigan State University
his way to Madrid for international conference
The Detroit tribune., 1961-02-25
Better Business Bureau

(Coniinved from Back Psgs)
SEX - Satanic counterfeit Of The prerogavs OF COOS
man our true being. and His spiritual power. dominion
over the whole earth
individual and collective human consciousness mvsf
receive this spiritual hydrogen bomb in order that leaders
and masses may know and be prepared for the fu'fens
Of Jesus declaration and demonstrations This world
shall pass away" II did for Him, in the Ascension! does
not actually exist The things temporal MYI''
l.C-A-L n - ST. Paul.
Alcohol tobacco, an-chrisf. whiiewssh medical SCI
enee so-caed drva store medicines Soothing syrvps
accompanying Immediately preceding apPeasers svpe.
fers foo the thinking ct Adams Ewes knaves and FOOLS
vs. Gods still small voice" Of the glorious liberty OF the
children Of God" - st. Paul
Best wishes. At your service
Inspr rationay yours, according TO Christ,
Andrew Frvehavf Publisher
Gods Detroit Tribune. and Major Prophet
AF:mg
Enels.
The Detroit tribune., 1961-02-25
Devil Takes re-

Continued from Page y
DEVILS MATERlA MEDcA AND HIS
INVOLUNTARY ExEcUTloNERs VIA SPIRITUAL
MALPRACTICE!
PART2
PREMATURE THINKING SUFFOcATIONI
FuSSINc AROUND THE FLESH WHICH PROFIT.
Eth NOTHING = Jesus in John 6:63, re- "a, = AND
IMPURE. ERRONEOUS R.C. PRAYERS = ,Nn,r
FERENT, CONTENTIOUS OR HOSTILE TowApne
NY. GODS, TWO IMPERATIVE, MODERN WIT.
NESSEs = MY GREATEST MARY BAKER EDDY
INCOMPATIBLE WOMAN OF REVELATION
'2;', S. AND OUR MAN CHILD - HEALER or THE
NATIONS, THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MOVE
MENT =. MODERN KINGDOM OF c-H-lLpL.e.ss
CHRIST JESUS, 30 YEARS RETURN = FoR.
EvERMoRE
News l-24)-"Requem Mass for JAMES D. cue
HOLM, lsyesr-od son Of vee-presdent Of ,be N.,,.
Bank Of Detroit will be offered in Immaculate u... :.
Mary Church a. Rosary service will he held. -
The Detroit tribune., 1961-02-25
Detroit Tigers
lconfinued from Back Page)

tConfinued from Back Page
THE things temporal MYTHICAL III buf fne
thnus not seen are eternal - ST. Paul.
The King James Protestant Bible is our basic Pastor
II and all Bibles are acquiring dignity reality mar
veIous practically as per Christ Jesus my works and
GREATER shall ye do"
The enclosures should be inspiring
Best wishes. At your service.
InspirationaIIy yours, according to Christ
Andrew Freuhavf, Publisher
Gods Detroit Tribune
AF:mg
Enes - 28e mail
24e mail TO Tiger recruit, Gerald Lee Dave
The Detroit tribune., 1961-02-25
Navy Aviator
ontinued from Back Page)

WE WERE BEING BUFFETED AND TOSSED; SUD-
DENLY BOTH ENGINES STOPPED, AND WE DROPPED
DOWN TOWARD THE SEA- HAIL HAD COLLECTED IN
THE AIR-lNTAKE MANIFOLD. PREVENTING AIR FROM
ENTERING AND MIXING WITH THE GASOLINE; so THE
ENGINES COULD NOT FIRE PROPERLY. PUSHED THE
THROTTLES FORWARD ONCE AND RETURNED THEM
TO FLIGHT POSITION. THEN WE HIT THE OCEAN, IT
WAS A TREMENDOUS SHOCK. WE LANDED ON THE
CREST OF A HIGH WAVE, EXACTLY AT THE CENTER
OF GRAVITY ON THE HULL OF THE PLANE-NOT ONE
INCH TOO FAR FORWARD OR TOO FAR BEHIND-AND
BOUNCED BACK INTO THE AIR JUST AS THE ENGINES
CAUGHT WE WERE A!RBORNE ONCE AGAIN. THE lM-
PACT HAD CLEARED THE JAMMED ICE PARTICLES
FROM THE INTAKE VALVES. AND AIR RUSHED INTO
THE ENGINES ENABLING THEM TO FUNCTION PER-
FECTLY
SEVERAL HOURS LATER OVER THE CHINA COAST
OUR FLIGHT ENGINEER NOTIFIED NE THAT THE PORT
ENGINE WAS LOSING OIL FAST. I IMMEDIATELY
CLIMBED TO AN ALTITUDE OF TEN THOUSAND FEET
BEFORE CUTTING THAT ENGINE KNOWING WE COULD
NOT MAINTAIN ALTITUDE ON A SINGLE ENGINE WITH
THE EXTRA WEIGHT OF OUR BOMBS, AMMUNITION
AND GASOLINE. WE JETTisONED AS MUCH GASOLINE
AS FELT COULD BE SPARED. DROPPED OUR BOMBS.
AND THREW OVERHEARD ALL THE MACHINE GUNS
AND AMMUNITION.
MAINTAINING OUR ALTITUDE WE SET OUR COURSE
FOR THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, ABOUT NINE HUNDRED
MILES AWAY, OVER WATERS AND THROUGH SKIES
PATRoLLED BY ENEMY SHIPS AND NIGHT FIGHTERS.
SOON WE SIGHTED LUzON, THE MAIN ISLAND IN THE
PHILIPPINES, W PEk CENT OF WHICH WAS ENEMY OC
CUPIED. AS EDGED CLOSER TO LAND AND STARTED
DOWN THE COAST LINE SHORE BATTERIES OPENED
FIRE, BOMBARDNC US WITH AcK-ACK, INCLUDING
iNcENDIARY BOMBS, AND TWENTY-MILLIMETER
SHELLS.
CONSTANTLY HELD FAST TO THIS PASSAGE
ibid. p. 57l) KNOW THYsELF, AND GOD WILL SUP
PLY THE WISDOM AND THE OCCASION FOR A VICTORY
OVER EVIL CLAD IN THE PANOLPY OF LOVE- HUMAN
HATRED CANNOT REACH YOU" WE CONTINUED ON
OUR COURSE UNFRAMED. WHEN WE WERE ONE HUN.
DRED MILES FROM OUR HOME BASE. THE sEAPLANE
TENDER NOTIFIED NE BY RADIO THAT AN ENEMY
NIGHT FIGHTER WAS FOLLOWING US AND THAT WE
WERE TO TURN 90 DEGREES AND HEAD OUT TO SEA
SO AS NOT TO JEoPARDIZE THE THOUSANDS OF MEN
AND PLANES SEcRETED AT THE BASE. WE DID AS
COMMANDED AND FELT NO FEAR, ALTHOUGH HAv-
ING RID OURSELVES or ALL OUR GUNS AND AMMUNI-
TON WE WERE DEFENsELESS AGAINST THE PURsU-
INC NIGHT FIGHTER.
QUITE SUDDENLY He LEFT US WITHOUT ATTACK
INC AND SHORTLY THEREAFTER THE sEAPLANE TEN
DER NOTIFIED US TO COME HOME AND LAND. BUT
CAUTIONED THAT THEY COULD NOT RISK TURNING
ON THE LANDING LIGHTS FOR U.s.
OUR LANDING AREA WAS BETWEEN TWO NOUN.
TAINS ON NARROW STRETCH OF WATER. AS I MADE
sTRAIcHT-N APPROACH, ! COULD PLAINLY SEE
BOTH THE MOUNTAINS AND THE LANDING STRIP OF
WATER, ALTHOUGH IT WAS A MOONLESS NIGHT AND
COMPLETELY DARK. JUST AS WE LANDED, THE STAR
BOARD ENGINE STOPPED WE HAD RUN OUT OF GAS.
IN SHORT ORDER WE WERE ABOARD THE SEAPLANE
TENDER, SAFE AND UMHARMED
lconiinved Next Column Topl
The Detroit tribune., 1961-02-25

PSYCHOLOGY FOR LIVING"
mot YET THE CHRIST IN ITS SCIENCE,
BUT HIGHLY cOMMENDABlE). o:15 AM,
10 PM, Mon. thru sot, WMUZ, 1895 FIN.
The Detroit tribune., 1961-02-25

DETROIT TRIBUNE, SATURDAY. FEB. rs, 1861
Evening star., 1961-12-25
White House Stalls
Eviction of 81 FomiIv

CHICAGO, Dec. Is (AP). -
Chicago housing officials, after
prodding from the White
House, have decided an apart
ment in the city's Altgeld Gar
dens housing project is big
enough for the family of an
Army reservist recently re-
called to active duty.
Mrs. David Franklin, %, sent
a 2l2-page handwritten letter
to President Kennedy telling
him she faced eviction on De-
cember 20. She said she had
two children, aged 6 months
and % months, and was living
with her nother-in-law, Mrs.
Ida Franklin, who has three
young children of her own.
Il am now faced with the
problem of being set in the
streets with no place to CO." she
wrote the President.
Chicago housing officials
Cancelled the eviction order
after receiving a call from Rob-
ert c. Weaver. Federal Housing
Administrator. He had been
asked by a White House aide
to look into the matter.
A Spokesman for the Hous-
ing and Home Finance Agency
said yesterday that Mrs. Frank
lin faced eviction because the
apartment, under Chicago
housing regulations, was not
Evening star., 1961-12-25

or speak since striken last
Tuesday.
The President and Mrs. Ken
nedy and several other mem
bers of the family paid visits
to the hospital late last night,
causing a furry of concern
that the former Ambassador
may have taken a turn for the
worse.
AS the President left the hos
pital, his face grave, he told
newsmen: Its still very
serious"
DR.. Newberg said the Presi-
dent made the pre-midnight
visit simply because it was
Christmas eve."
Talks With FrOndizi
The President learned of the
decision to perform the ira
cheotomy on his father after
bidding farewell at West Palm
Beach International Airport to
Argentine President Arturo
FrondiZi, a Christmas Eve
luncheon guest.
President Kenned and
President Frondizi met alone
See KENNEDY, Page A.
Evening star., 1961-12-25

large enough for two adults
and five children.
Chicago officials agreed to
postpone the eviction until
February IA, the spokesman
said, and to help Mrs. Franklin
find an apartment in a Federal
housing project before that
time.
In her letter to the President,
Mrs. Franklin said she applied
to the Chicago Housing Author
ity for an apartment but was
informed there were no
openings.
II know this may seem
trivial to you with the many
problems You are being faced
with today" she wrote. But /
am a mother looking out for the
welfare of my children. The
children have no thoughts of
the worlds problems. Their
father is trying to help by max
ing sure the world they live in
is safe"
Mrs. Franklin moved in with
her mother-in-law when her
husband was recalled to duty a
few weeks ago. He now is with
the 32nd Infantry Division at
Fort Lewis, Wash.
During the seven months he
was a civilian this year, Mr..
Franklin was an employe of a
public housing agency.
Evening star., 1961-12-25
Frances Hand Injured
As Shotgun ExpIodes

MADRID, Dec. Is (AP).-
Generalissimo Francisco Franco
spent his Christmas Day in a
military hospital, nursing a
hand wound received yesterday
in a hunting accident. But a
member of his staff said the
Spanish chief of state was "in
excellent shape" and his de-
tention in the hospital was
only precautionary.
"Generalissimo Franco had
breakfast today" said this Of
ficial, "but his doctors argued
that a few more hours in the
hospital would do him no
harm"
Gen. Frances left index
finger was badly torn yesterday
when his double-barreled shot
gun exploded, apparently from
a defective shell, as he fired at
a partridge while hunting out
side Madrid.
Several members of his
cabinet, hurrying back to visit
Franco in the hospital, said
they found him comfortable
but anxious to get home. Most
cabinet ministers had left
Evening star., 1961-12-25

plan-under which stalled
motorists without snow tires or
chains on main arteries are
subject to arrest-was still in
effect this morning. A similar
plan in Montgomery County,
invoked during yesterdays
snowfall, was lifted at 10 am.
State police at Leonardtown
reported, by contrast, that
Southern Maryland roads were
wet but not icy throughout
yesterday and last night.
The weather caused no in
terruption in train, plane or
bus service in and out of Wash
ington yesterday or today.
For Washington, as elsewhere
in the Nation, this was a day
for children to sally forth with
the presents they like the best
and for families to visit those
they hold dearest. 1t was a
holiday and for most of us, a
merry Christmas.
Evening star., 1961-12-25

conquests in the technical and
scientific fields"
The Pope said modern society
had made great material prog
resS, but without correspond
ing advance in the moral field.
This, he said, had led to ar
almost exclusive drive" toward
seeking earthly pleasures
which technical progress places
with so much facility within
the reach of ALL"
Recalls Bitter Wars
Pope John recalled the
bloody wars of our times, and
the spiritual ruins caused by
many ideologies that are the
fruit of bitter experiences.
"The same scientific prog
ress that gave man the posi-
bility Of creating catastrophe
weapons for his destruction has
given rise to anxious questions
and has forced human beings
to be thoughtful, more aware
of their own limits and more
desirous for peace" the Pope
said.
The Pope said the ecumeni-
cal council would be "a great
new event" in the history Of
men and of the church.
The solemn document, known
as Humane Salutis" (for the
health of humanity from its
first two Latin words, was, in
effect, a rallying cry for the
spiritual renovation of man
kind.
But the document, echoing
Pope Johns recent encyclical
Mater ct Magistra" on social
problems, said that the coun-
Gil also will concern itself with
See POPE, Page AS
Evening star., 1961-12-25
so CoIombiuns
Reported Killed
In YuIe Blast

BOGOTA. Dec. 25 (AP) An
explosion in an army barracks
at a Christmas eve party killed
an undetermined number of
persons at Buga, about 300
miles southwest of Bogota.
First reports said about so
persons, including men, women
and children, were killed.
There were unconfirmed re-
ports thNt the explosion oc-
CURED when a firecracker ex-
ploded in an ammunition
dump. Christmas in Colombia
is celebrated by shooting off
fireworks.
Evening star., 1961-12-25
kennedyGiives
Berlin BACKING
Holiday Message
Pledges Support

BERLIN, Dec. 25 (AP).-
President Kennedy told West
Berliners in a special Christ
mas message today the United
States is determined to support
and sustain them in freedom.
I'VE are at your side now-as
before. We shall stay" said the
Presidents message broadcast
in a special television program.
Mr.. Kennedy reminded the
people of this Communist
threatened city that I'VE OBJ
serve this season of spiritual re-
dedication at a time of crisis. /"
During these days which
ought to bring families to-
gether, many of you are think
ing of the loved ones forcibly
separated from you," the Presi-
dent said.
Deepest Sympathy
He expressed the American
peoples deepest sympathy. "es-
pecially at this time Of year" "
for those separated by the Com
munist wall dividing Berlin.
Mr.. Kennedy said until
truly there is good will among
men. not walls to divide them,
our pursuit of peace shall con-
tinue."
For all of U.S." the President
said, "for freedom itself. this
is a time of trial. I need not
remind you in Berlin of Ameri-
cas- determination to support
and sustain you in freedom"
The Christmas lights of Free
Berlin - there are some 800
Christmas trees lit by over 50.-
900 electric candles along the
Western side of the wall-caSt
a glow that penetrates deep
into the darkness surrounding,
said Mr.. Kennedy. He added:
mo wall can keep out this
light. We know that this bea-
con will continue to shine
brightly, for many years to
come.
with confidence and con-
viction, therefore, let us re-
See MESSAGE, Page AS
Evening star., 1961-12-25
Pope Calls '62 Council
Of Worlds Top CIerics

VATICAN CITY, Dec. 25
(AP.-Pope John XIII today
called an ecumenical council of
the Roman Catholic Church for
1862 in a papal bull expressing
grave concern over militant
atheism, operating on a world
plan"
The first ecumenical - or
world-wide-council in SO years
will deal primarily with in
ternal affairs of the Catholic
church but Pope John has ex-
pressed hope it will serve as a
step toward Christian unity.
The Pope reiterated that hope
in his bull. saying the council
would make more vivid in the
separated brothers the desire
for the hoped-for return to
unity and would open the way
for It,"
The exact date of the council
will be announced later. It is
expected to open late next year
in st. Peters Basilica. The
council will be known as Vati-
can 2.
Cites Militant Atheism
In a reference to communism,
the Pope said that militant
atheism 'is an entirely new and
disconcerting fact"
THE church today" said
Pope John, sis witnessing a
crisis developing in society.
While humanity is on the verge
of a new era, the church faces
tasks of immense gravity and
breadth as in the most tragic
epochs of her history.
"They concern, in fact, the
need of bringing the vivifying
and perennial energies of the
gospel to the modern world
a world that exalts itself in its
Evening star., 1961-12-25
Death Toll
For Holiday
Reuches5 520
BY the Associated Press

The festive Christmas sea-
son was marked by tragedy in
hundreds of homes today, with
the Nations traffic death toll
running ahead of the pre-
holiday estimate. Fires and
other accidents added to the
grim total.
With heavy travel indicated
with homeward-bound motor
lists, the latest count showed
404 persons killed in traffic
accidents since the start of
the 78-hour holiday at 6 pm.
Friday. Fires took the lives Of
68 persons and 81 others lost
their lives in miscellaneous &C
cidents for an overall toll Of
529 violent deaths.
The National Safety Council,
which had estimated the death
toll of 500, expressed fear of
a record number of highway
facilities for a three-day holi-
day week end if the present
accident rate continues. The
record for a three-day Christ
mas period was 609 in 1855.
Last years traffic deaths totaled
488. the lowest for a three-day
Christmas holiday period in
10 years.
There were many multiple
death accidents on the high
way. Two couples were killed
and eight persons injured near
Warren. Pa. yesterday in the
head-on collision of an auto
mobile and a station wagon.
Five young girls, aged 3 to Is,
were orphaned in the tragedy.
A car carrying a group of young
carolers and a pickup truck COL
lided head-on near Marietta,
Ohio, killing two boys and the
father of one of the youths.
Fires also brought tragedy to
many homes. A father and his
twin 5-year-old stepdaughters
perished in a fire which swept
their home in Nankin Town
ship near Detroit. In Groton,
N. Y, three of a widows five
children and a farm laborer
died in a fire that destroyed a
two-story frame house.
Four persons were killed and
eight others injured in Rock
land, Mass, when an explosion
leveled a four tenement dwell
ing.
Evening star., 1961-12-25

Joseph P. Kennedy at St.
Mary's Hospital late yesterday
to relieve congestion in his
chest and throat and make it
easier for him to continue
breathing.
DR.. Walter Newbern, Palm
Beach surgeon, performed the
tracheotomy, cutting an OPEN
ing into the elder Mr.. Ken
nedy's windpipe and inserting
a tube.
Operation Successful
White House Press Secretary
Pierre Salinger reported the
operation, started at 3:45 pm.
and completed at 4:35 pm. yes
terday, was successful. He
planned no further bulletins on
the elder Mr.. Kennedy's con-
dition unless there was a
change.
Mr.. 'Salinger said Mr.. Ken
nedy, former Ambassador to
Great Britain, incurred mild
pneumonia" during the "a
hours preceding the traeheot-
omy. Such a development is
always to be feared in bedrid-
den elder patients. Mr.. Ken
ynedy has been unable to move
Evening star., 1961-12-25
z Killed in BruziI
In Prison Riotinq

RIO DE JANEIRO. Brazil,
Dec. 25 (AP) approximately
300 prisoners staged a Christ
mas eve riot in Guandadara
Penitentiary here and two were
killed. Several prisoners and
six guards were injured.
Reports from the prison said
about 100 prisoners, heavily
armed, still held out in a pa
vilion inside the walls. How
they obtained the arms was not
disclosed.
Evening star., 1961-12-25
PALM BEACH HAS
COOLEST YULE;
MERCURY HITS 80

PALM BEACH, Fla. (AP).
- This resort, where the
northern rich flock in the
winter to escape cold
weather, is having its cold
est Christmas.
The temperature dipped
to a low of 80 overnight. At
mid-morning it was still
frigid by South Florida's
standards at As. The cold
est Christmas Day pre-
viouSly was in 1856, with
a reading of 54.