davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-11-02

the International Jumping Com
petition, a select few elevated to
the third floor of the Armory
to attend the Presidents recep-
ton honoring the Equestrian
teams. The fact that the show
was still in full swing down be-
ow didn't detract from the love-
ly buffet and champagne party
going on in the higher echelons.
The Equestrian team riders
were present along with other
exhibitors, owners, show COM
mittee members and horse peo-
pie. Mr.. and Mrs. Claude Owen
were present and he said he
was amazed how he had receiv-
ed newspaper clippings from
friends all over the country con-
corning the ride Mrs. Robert
Kennedy had Friday evening on
his horse, Sky's Pride. Mr.. and
Mrs. Arthur Hilland, DR.. and
Mrs. James Edelblute, the Cliff
Titles, Joe and Caroline Null
doom, Lyn and Bill Carroll, Rich
ard Mansfield, Cdr. and Mrs.
Robert Monahan, Anne Christ
mas, and John Adams, were
among the visible in the crowd.
Saturday evening brought an
other full house. And two Po-
tomac teenagers with the help
of another Maryland Junior
Hunt member brought down the
roof. The Hunt Team class had
been postponed earlier in the
day and finally went on about
1890 am. Sunday. Lynn Gar
rett, Robin Hughes and Bob
Zimmerman appeared in the
spotlight and received a round
of applause Immediately. The
girls were attired in "shad bel
lies" and top silk hats. All three
were mounted on grey horses
and they were a lovely sight.
But when they finished their
performance they practically re-
ceived a standing ovation. They
were awarded the first place
blue after competing with five
other teams made up of the
best horses and riders in the
country.
The show closed down Sunday
evening with the announcement
that for the first time in the
four years of the Washington
International Horse Show the In
take has pushed ahead of the
output and there will definitely
be a fifth Washington Interna,
tional Horses Show.
Potomac Area Summaries:
Four Winds-owned by Janet
Goldberg-F'irst Working pony
hunter; Third = Large working
pony hunter stake; Third $3.50
working pony stake.
Ports Image - owned by DR..
and Mrs. Alvin Kay - First -
open working hunters; Second
working hunters, ladies rid
ing; Third middle and heavy.
weight working hunters; Fourth
$1,000 working hunter stake.
Home Again--owned by Ell,
wood Boblits, ridden by Ray Lit.
tie First-worlxing hunter ap.
pointment class.
Jonapone-owned by Thomas
Dowd - First - junior working
hunter stage; First - working
hunter ladies riding; Second -
open green hunter; Fourth -
middle and heavyweight green
working hunters.
Sky's Pride-owned by Claude
Owen-Second-green conform,
alton hunter appointments;
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-11-02
IT'S A
FACT
..J sz J! King ki

without gloves to disgust the
King.
Why Are Newspapers Called
The Fourth Estate"?
The press is called the
Fourth Estate" because of its
great influence on public
affairs. In England the three
estates were the church, the
lords of nobility, and the COM
mon people.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-11-02

What English Queen Had Six
Fingers On One Hand?
One of the hands of Anne
Boleyn, End wife of Henry
VIII, was deformed by the
presence of an extra finger.
Anne wore gloves whenever
possible to cover this deform-
ity but Queen Catherine en-
couraged her to play cards
Evening star., 1961-04-30
Labor Underfed, Exhausted

financed principally with State
and county tuition grants.
But no formal schooling has
been organized for Prince Ed
wards 1900 Negro youngsters. AL
though the tuition grants are
available to the Negroes, they
have Stunned the money rather
than partake of something that
smacks of a scheme to perpetuate
segregation.
The Justice Departments ac-
tion caught Virginia's resistance
down. Three years ago the State
was welded to a policy Of no
integration-ever. A maze of laws
called massive resistance auto
matically closed any public school
where integration took place. Any
locality that succeeded in re-
opening school bi-racially would
promptly lose State aid.
Three communities - Norfolk,
Charlottesville and Front Royal
saw school doors barred a full
semester before State and FEEDER
al courts scuttled the whole plot.
With the resistance laws out of
the way, Gov. Almond narrowly
led Virginia on a more moderate
course called freedom of choice" :"
which has seen mixed classes
spread gradually to IL commu-
mites in a State which so recently
was integration's never-never
land,
Evening star., 1961-04-30

aimed at negotiated compromise.
If there is any truth to the
pre-emption theory at all it seems
to be that the basic preferences
in the matter have been less on
the side of the Russians than the
Communist Pathet Lao and their
spiritual leader, President Ho Chi
Mini Of North Wet Nam. There is
some reason to believe that the
Communist leaders in Southeast
Asia want to avoid too much
dependence on their immediate
neighbor, Red China, and show a
tendency to turn to the Soviet
Union as the obvious alternative.
At any rate, it was no Communist
but "neutralist" Premier Souvanna
Phouma who first asked the
Russians to lend a hand when the
United States withdrew its sup
port from his government last
fall. And this aid continues to be
given to the Pathet Lao on the
legal Justification that Phouma
and the Pathet Lao forces rep
resent the rightful government of
Laos.
The Chinese for their part
would hardly have accepted
Russian pre-emption If they had
had any serious reservations about
the outcome. being considerably
less sticklers for legal formality
than their Soviet comrades. In
fact, however, the contrary seems
to be the case. From all the
evidence the Chinese have been
more than willing to let the Rus
SLAMS carry on an operation which
serves their purpose so well-at
no expense whatever to them
selves.
At the same time there are
limits to the passiveness OF the
Chinese. They are believed already
to have number Of volunteer"
technicianS and observers among
the ranks Of the Pathet Lao. They
have let 1t be clearly understood
that they expect the situation to
keep on developing in their favor.
And finally, they have served
clear and explicit warning that
they will meet any foreign mill
tary intervention with force of
their own.
Both in foreign and domestic
affairs there can be no question
that China's difficulties are real
enough. Two successive crop fail
Evening star., 1961-04-30

who are precisely those the in
surgents prevent from function
ing.
The future of the usurpers
can ,be only that destined for
them by the rigor Of the law.
Strong Powers Assumed
Before the misfortune which
looms over the country and be-
fore the threat hanging over
the republic, having determined
the official opinion of the Con-
stitutional Council, the Premier,
the President of the Senate, the
President of the National AS
sembly, I have decided to put
in force Article 16 of our Con-
stitution. Starting today, will
take, II necessary directly, the
measures that will appear to me
to be demanded by the circum-
stances.
At the same time, / confirm
myself in the French and re-
publican legality which was con-
ferred upon me by the nation
and which I will maintain no
matter whatever happens until
the end of my term, or until I
lack either force or life; and
will take measures to make sure
that it legality remains after
me.
French men and women, look
where France risks falling and
what she was about to become
again.
French men and womenI
Help mel
Evening star., 1961-04-30
Space:
The Big Test

Two space rockets misfired
last week, but the tests never
thelesS added new evidence of
the reliability of the capsule in
which the first American astro-
naut will ride on a subOrbitaI
flight this week.
An hour after sunrise on Tues
day morning, If all goes as
planned, an American aStronaut
will be in position in a capsule
atop Redstone rocket on a pad
at Cape Canaveral, Fla.
The final countdown will begin
and within minutes the young
man will be on his way on a
flight down the Atlantic missile
range-ll5 miles high, 200 miles
in length, at top speed of 4,500
miles an hour.
1t will be Americas first man
in-space venture. Space officials
still hope to put a man in orbit
around the earth sometime later
this year.
Although a good deal of the
glamour was rubbed off this weeks
test by the success of the Soviet
cosmonaut, Major Yuri Gagarin,
worldwide interest in it remains
high, If the horde of newsmen
which has descended upon the
Evening star., 1961-04-30
u. S. Threat

Now it Is the Federal Govern
ment that is threatening q fund
cutoff. Moderates who struggled
so hard to rid Virginia Of the
old resistance laws are fearful that
the Governments action may be
just what the "massives" need to
get them going strong again.
Senator Byrd, Democrat of Vir-
ginia, who is generally credited
with master-minding the massive
resistance movement, was quick to
call the Justice Department ma
neuver "intemperate and ruthless"
Even Alexandria State Senator
Armistead Boothe, who has been
Virginia's foremost voice of mod
Grafton on the race issue, called
the step extreme" and lament
able"
Attorney General Kennedy said
the Intervention was merely a
step ito rectify" a situation in
Evening star., 1961-04-30
House

S l. Area Redevelopment Act,
authorizing 1894 million in Federal
loans and grants for redevelop-
ment Of economically depressed in
dustrial and rural areas. Adoption
OF the conference report, which
called for financing $500 million
in loan funds directly from the
Treasury instead of by Congress
sional appropriations. Agreed to
224-193 Democrats 1885: Re
publicans 31-137), April IS, 1861.
A yea" was a vote supporting the
Presidents position. ..-
FOR; Brewster. Democrat of Maryland:
Fallon, Democrat of Maryland; Friedel
Democrat of Maryland: Garmatx, Demo-
crat Of Maryland; johnson, Democrat of
Maryland; Lankford, Democrat Of Mary
land; Matthias, Republican Of Maryland;
Hardy, Democrat Of Virginia. Jennings,
Demoerat Of Virginia; Bailey, Democrat
West yirginia; Kee, Democrat OF West
Virginia; Slack, Democrat OF West Vir-
ginia; Staggers. Democrat Of West Viz
ginia.
AGAINST: Ahbitt, Democrat Of virginia;
Downlng Democrat Of Virginia; Gary,
Democrat Of virginia; Harrison, Demo.
crat OF Virginta; Smith, Democrat of
Virginia: Tuck, Democrat Of Virginia;
Broyhtll, Republican Of Virginia; PoSf,
Republican Of Virginia. v
Evening star., 1961-04-30

Cape is an important indication.
Hopes for the safety of the
American spaceman was height
ened last week in two separate
tests Of the Mercury project cap
sule, despite rocket misfirings.
On Tuesday, an Atlas rocket
was exploded by a range safety
officer at the Cape when 1t ap-
parently went out of control. The
capsule rocketed free of the boos-
ter and survived with no serious
damage.
Then, on Friday, a Little Joe
rocket pitched over and attained
less than 80 per cent of peak al
tltude. But, again, the capsule was
propelled away from the booster.
1t was recovered, as good as new.
after what a space official de-
scribed as test more severe than
planned"
Evening star., 1961-04-30
Education Bill

There was talk on Capitol Hill,
meanwhile, over the possibilities
Of compromise on one Of the
thorniest Of the New Frontiers
legislative proposals-Federal aid
to education.
The compromise discussed most
was proposal to combine the ad-
ministration's $2.3 billion school
construction bill with another to
extend and expand the National
Defense Education Act of 1858.
The new measure would provide
loans to parochial and private
schools to help finance the con-
struction Of classroom and labora-
tory facilities for science, mathe-
matics and foreign language in
struction.
Whether such limited aid would
satisfy the proponents of low
interest, long term loans to nom
public schools, remains to be seen.
Evening star., 1961-04-30

of rest a month, women are ex-
cused for four. Compulsory Gales
themes and night study are being
dropped quietly from workers
schedules. There is even some rec
ognition of the need for ma
terial incentive" and small free
doms" by party bosses to "stim-
ulate the labor enthusiasm of the
masses"
May Not Criticize
In all this, to be sure, there has
not been the slightest whisper OF
criticism against the chief archi-
tect of the Red regime. For all the
fact that his Great Leap Forward
has resulted in bitter disappoint-
mentS, Mao TSe-tung's position as
the undisputed oracle of Red
China appears to most observers
as outwardly uncl1allenged as
ever. Under the far more modest
goals now being set, the miracle
of Chipa's rebirth as a modern
industrial state now seems a mat
ter of some decades. But there is
no general admission of failure
and no revision whatever of the
ultimate goal.
The critical time, it is felt, will
be during the next two years. If
the regime can learn from its
past mistakes, recover some equi-
librium in its development pro-
gram and move forward toward
its goals, the government is not
expected to face serious trouble.
If, however, there are new crop
failures, more obvious misman-
agement and increasing distress,
then, as one expert put it, "the
whole country could be up for
grabs"
In the meantime, the greater
danger for the West, in the opin-
ion of some, lies in overestimating
the weaknesses Of the regime and
Understanding its readiness to
make trouble in the international
arena. No doubt China would well
come a chance to develop It's in
ternal program in peace over the
next decade. But when this hope
comes in conflict with the higher
aim OF spreading militant COM
muniSm throughout the world.
the Chinese have shown in the
past, and are showing today, a
remarkable capacity to cast eau
ton to the winds,
Evening star., 1961-04-30
Words That Work:
De GouIIe's Appeal

ID, The unofficial translated teTt
OF President de Gdulle's eloquent
appeal to the French people last
meek to resist any attempt to
o0eTthrow the legitimate goU-
ernnrent tolIot0s:
An insurrectional power has
established itself in Algeria by
a m ilttary pronunciamento.
Those guilty Of this usurpation
have exploited the passion OF
officers of certain special units,
the inflamed support Of one part
Of the population of European
origin, misguided by fears and
myths, the impotence of author
tiles submerged by the military
conspiracy.
This power has a certain ap-
pearance-a quartet Of retired
generals. 1t was a reality-a
group of officers, partisan, am
bilious and fanatical. This
group and this quartet possess
a limited and abrupt way Of
acting, but they see and know
the nation and the world de-
formed by their fanaticism.
Their enterprise cannot but
lead to a national disaster. Be-
cause of the immense effort Of
re-establishment in France, be-
gun since the depths of the
abyss Of June 18, 1910. con-
tinued later despite everything
until the victory was gained,
independence assured, the re-
public restored, started again
three years ago in order to re-
build the state, maintain the
national unity, to reconstruct
our power, to re-eStablish our
position in the world, to pursue
our task overseas through the
necessary decolonization - all
that risk being rendered vain.
even on the eve Of success, by
the odious and stupid adventure
in Algeria.
And now the state is flouted,
the nation ,defied, our power
degraded, our international
prestige lowered, our role and
our place in Africa compro-
missed. And by whom? AlasI
Alasl BY men whose duty,
honor and reason for being was
to serve and obey.
In the name Of France, I
order that all meanS-I say all
means -- be employed every
where to bar the route to these
men, until they are subjugated.
I forbid any Frenchmen, and
first of all any soldier, to exc
cute any of their orders.
% The argument that 1t might
be locally necessary to accept
their command under the pre-
text of operational or admin
istrative obligations can fool no
one.
The civil and military lead
ers who have the right to assume
responsibilities are those who
have been legally named and
Evening star., 1961-04-30

which Prince Edward County had
"circumvented and nullified" Fed
eral Court desegregation orders.
What troubles moderate forces
most Is that the action comes at
a time when Virginia is embark
ing on new gubernatorial cam
paign. They recall sorely the cleo
tion four years ago when massive
resistance fulminations blotted out
all other isues, and made any dis
cuSsion Of solving the desegrega-
tion dilemma impossible for some
time.
So far. the gubernatorial cam
paign has been markedly different
from the previous one on that
score. But it is an uneasy peace,
with some storm warnings al
ready beginning to show in the
face Of the Justice Departments
action.
Evening star., 1961-04-30
Congress-:
Two Bills Pass

Congress last week passed and
sent TO the White House two
Of President Kennedy's emer-
gency proposals, depressed areas
and aid to dependent children
legislation.
Il think we are well on our
way toward getting most of the
Presidents program enacted into
law"
The words were Senate Major
ity Leader Mansfield's, spoken in
an interview last Monday.
Before the week was out, Con-
gress buttressed his rank as a
forecaster when it passed the
1894 million bill to help areas of
chronic unemployment and the
$500 million aid to dependent
children of jobless workers.
The President, who is expected
to sign these bills early this week,
thus adds to his legislative rec
ord which previously had included
these successes:
Temporary unemployment BEN
efits: the emergency feed grains
support program; the Organiza-
ton for Economic Cooperation
and Development treaty; the
Sugar Act extension and the gov
ernmental Reorganization Act.
In addition, both Houses have
passed their own versions Of a
minimum wage-increase bill and
proposal to increase the number of
Federal judges.
The depressed areas measure, 1t
is hoped. will provide a healthy
start, at least, toward rejuvenating
areas which for years have con-
tanned pockets Of poverty and un-
employment because OF the shift
of industries, automation and a
variety of other reasons.
There was a small battle over
the cost of the program. The Re-
publicans wanted to spend some
Evening star., 1961-04-30
The National Scene

thing under $500 million. But the
more serious controversy came
over the method Of financing.
The Senate urged the so-called
"backdoor" method in which the
agency, after authorization has
been given by Congress, simply
goes to the Treasury and borrows
the money. The House had de-
manded regular annual appropri-
ations. The Senate prevailed.
Evening star., 1961-04-30

well-protected state granaries.
There are even rumors of some
thing like an organized resistance
to the regime in some areas. A
woman recently returned from
visiting her relatives in Shanghai
reported that the town had been
plastered with posters of a re
dictionary group" condemning the
government for the shortage of
food. So far, however, talk about
strong and well-organized resist
ance movements in China have
a nebulous ring to them and are
received with great reserve here.
Foreign Exchange Gone
What cannot be doubted, how
ever, are the steps which the gov
ernment itself has been forced to
take to correct the situation. The
purchase of million tons of
wheat from Canada and Australia
at a cost of some 5000 million
practically wiped out China's esti-
mated reserve Of foreign exchange.
Clearly this would not have been
done unless the situation were
very serious indeed and more pur-
chases are believed to be in the
offing.
Even more serious from the
point of view Of party doctrine
is the scrapping Of the rural COM
mune system announced with such
fanfare as the answer to China's
agricultural problems three years
ago, The huge, unwieldy organi-
cations involving hundreds of
families are now in the process
of being broken up into smaller
producers co-operatives and pro
duction brigades."
In recent weeks, the Communist
press has been flooded with ar
ticles and official directives which
in effect admit the failure of the
communes to produce the expected
increases. They also play down
the Central Committees claims
of natural calamities and present
instead picture Of mismanage-
ment and inertia which threatens
the whole modernization program
of the government.
These reforms have been ac-
companied by some letup on the
long-suffering masses. In certain
areas night shifts in factories
have been abandoned. Male work.
ers are now given two whole days
Evening star., 1961-04-30
Rights:
New Trouble

A motion filed In Richmond
Federal Court by Attorney
General Robert F. Kennedy last
week asked that Prince Ed
wards schools be reOpened on
an integrated basis, and that
Virginia be prohibited from
spending money on education
anywhere In the State until
they are.
Prince Edward chose to close
its public schools two years ago
rather than submit to a Federal
Court desegration order. The
county's 1,470 white students are
being educated in private schools
Evening star., 1961-04-30
Stevenson's S Role
At U. N. Impressive

presented by the Eisenhower ad-
ministration, was followed up.
Mr.. Stevenson sided with the
Africans and Asians against Por-
tugual on freedom for Angola. He
and his aides denounced South
African apartheid (racial Segre-
gation) more forthrightly than
Americans had ever denounced it
before.
Meanwhile, the United States
and India began cooperating more
closely than they had in years,
to mutual advantage.
It was not all gravy, however.
Latin Americans, enviouS of the
attention given to Africa and
fearful that help to that continent
would cut into their slice of The
aid pie, began to sulk.
They staged a full-scale revolt
against paying their share of the
Congo peace operation, and had
to be bought off with 80 per cent
rebates, largely financed by the
United States.
Whether out Of difference to
Latin fears or for other reasons,
Mr.. Stevenson pulled back slightly
on the Africa aid plan-and a dis
appointed Africa began to COM
plain. Jaja Wachuku of Nigeria
delivered two bitter anti-Ameri-
can TRADES, rubbing much of the
gloss off the earlier honeymoon.
Meanwhile, Mr.. Stevenson took
a new look at issues involving the
Russians. He tried to reach a
broad understanding with them
early in March for a moratorium
on the cold war in the u. N.
Dropping Emborrossments
The negotiations were by no
means entirely successful, but he
and Foreign Minister Gromyko
did succeed in eliminating certain
embarraSsments for the United
States and in producing circum-
stances which led to a dropping
of Hungary and Tibet, at least
until September.
Critics called this "softness" to
the Communists, but others felt
it was flexibility in conditions
where the United States had much
to gain from a temporary cease
fire on some propaganda fronts.
The Cuban crisis presented Mr..
Stevenson with by far his most
serious problem. He had a noun
famous task, defending the United
States position in an action of
which virtually everyone else in
the UN. disapproved-some in
cluding Latin Americans, very
strongly indeed.
Nevertheless, by eloquence and
patient lobbying, he succeeded in
shunting the General Assembly
into an empty exhortation for
peace. Stronger criticism was
shelved, though not until after
the United States had taken a
bad tongue-laShing and a AIT
rebuke in committee for giving
bases to the anti-Castro rebels.
This, plus an Arab explosion
against American support of Is
rael, represented Stevenson'S prin-
cipal setbacks. He scored on the
Congo, on relations with India,
and-despite Wachuku-on friend
ship with the new Africans.
The consensus here is that the
United States is represented in
the U.N. by a man Of exceptional
stature.