davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-06-27
Antarctic Treaty

Under the United States
Constitution, Article Six,
Paragraph 2, "all treaties
-. shall be the supreme law
OF the land" Hence, depar-
ture from treaties or arrival
at tangential agreements re-
lated to treaties should never
be hidden from the American
people defense pacts might
have a few security aspects il.
Possibly the treaty most
powerfully affecting the geo.
political and economic future
of the United States and the
West is the Antarctic Treaty
signed by the United States
and SovietS and 10 other
nations in 1859 and ratified
by the United States Senate
in August 1860. When it
comes into force this treaty
will be the law of the land,
How much does the public
know about this treaty?
Nothing at all has been pub
lished showing any necessity
for the treaty and questions
on this from opposing Sen
ators on the floor have never
been answered.
Is this because secret coy-
enants have been made
which cannot be revealed for
II years, as at Teheran? Nor
has the vote in the Foreign
Relations Committee, releas-
ing the giveaway treaty to
the floor favorably, been
made public. 1t was not a
unanimous vote although so
described at times. The Gus
tom of keeping committee
votes secret should no longer
be tolerated by taxpayers.
None Of the background pa
pers or reports or minutes
on the treaty negotiations
from May 1858 to December
1859 have ever been declassi-
fled by the State Depart
ment. AS proponents insist
there is no defense factor
involved, there can be no ex-
cuse for classification.
Citizens seeking for infor-
nation are told this is the
customary secrecy and that
the Senators had all this
available to them. Appar-
emily not all Of them did, for
some were under the impress
sion the treaty was very
quickly drawn and the State
Department was congratu-
lated on its speed. Actually
over SO secret meetings were
held during 10 months before
the nations could agree on
the treaty.
Much of the delay it is
believed was due to the fact
that. although the treaty
started out as a pact for
scientific CO = operation
(Which many still think it Isl
it degenerated during nego-
tiationS into a territorial
appeasement measure such
Evening star., 1961-06-27
Thorpe Fan

All readers of The Star
are fortunate in having so
many gifted writer's to learn
from and enjoy. Although
for years my own favorite
has been Mary McGrory,
there has lately been a new
book critic, Day Thorpe, who
has given me equal pleasure.
I hope he knows that his
brilliant articles on the Sun
day book page are appreci-
ated, just as his music crit
icisms were. Any reader can
learn and profit from his
criticisms, which are carefully
and thoroughly prepared;
even the hasty reader whose
letter dealt with the review
Of the Henry Miller book.
Mr.. Thorpe did not advo-
cate the eleventh command
ment (Fey ce que vouldras) =,
only said that Miller seemed
to follow this famous pre-
cept from Rabelais. Mr..
Thorpe described the philos-
ophy of the author Of "Tropic
of Cancer" as sophomore and
leading to chaos. He had
many wise things to say Of
an unwise but conspicuous
book. and summed up Henry
Miller's deficiencies as well
as his distinctions in a most
objective and judiciouS man
ner.
AS q novelist myself, I
could not ask for a fairer
critic than Mr.. Thorpe. And
as a constant reader of The
Star I am as grateful for
him as for the many first
rate writer's on your disting-
uished staff.
EL~n- II ESs.L
Evening star., 1961-06-27
Not Amused

Even at her youthful 33
years, Mrs. Kennedy must
find the Ladies of the Press"
very immature.
The proceedings at their
dinner recently Gas reported
in your paper) seem in poor
taste and disgusting. Per-
haps they gave Miss Beale
and Miss Markell a chance
to show their beautiful legs.
We've all seen them now-so
tell the girls it's time to get
on to more serious business.
It's late!
I'm proud that President
Kennedy had the good sense
70 stay home. X. COrbett.
Evening star., 1961-06-27
Genocide Pact

The judicial inquiry into
the crimes Of Adolf Eich-
mann not only places on
trial one Of the Nazi execu-
tioners Of 6 million Jews, it
redirects mankind'S atten-
ton to the dangerous short
comings Of even the most
advanced societies. It has
served to expose again the
rudimentary state Of inter-
national law and the lack Of
effective international means
Of preventing and Furnishing
even such crimes as mass
murder.
AS Americans, we bear a
special responsibility for this
lack. Following our country's
energetic advocacy Of q Cen
ocide Convention when it
was first considered by the
United Nations, today-al-
most 13 years after the
unanimous adoption Of the
Convention by the General
Assembly-we have not yet
Joined the 64 nations that
have ratified the agreement.
Our failure thus far to as
sociate ourselves with the in
ternational community in
outlawing mass murder has
gravely compromised our
country's traditional cham
pionship of international
morality. The Genocide Con-
vention is today the most
widely ratified agreement Of
the u. NJ, with the exception
of the United Nations Char
ter itself. Our failure thus
far to be a signatory Of the
treaty mas exposed the
United States to Communist
allegations of insincerity,
has embarrassed our friends
abroad who look to us for
leadership in this area, and
has seriously weakened the
Conventions effectiveness as
an international agreement.
Ratification of the Geno-
eide Convention during the
current session of the Senate
would stand as a singularly
appropriate and forceful re-
sponse to the Eichmann
trial. At this moment In his
Evening star., 1961-06-27

as the SovietS have been
wanting for some years. The
vast rich Antarctic territories
explored for the United
States were never defined.
never claimed, never pro-
tected in any way, and the
treaty places the area under
administrative controls of
the USSR and others, with
Vetoes written into the text.
All this giveaway to an
international group bypassed
the Appropriations Commit
tees of both Houses, which
is apparently unconstitu-
tional. The territories ex-
plored for the United States
taxpayers total over three
million square miles without
overlapping the territories
explored by a few other
Western nations over the
years. This was not men
toned in the committee re-
port, in spite of the fact that
a map was presented at the
hearings showing this. (So-
vtets did not arrive on the
continent until 1860
The decisions on Poland
and other captive nations at
Ieheran, the 1945 peculiar
arrangements on Berlin, and
the facts on our handing
Cuba to the Soviets Should
be uncovered thoroughly and
tne facts on the Antarctic
treaty can just as rightly be.
1t would seem that secrecy
on treaties should automat-
lcally annul them If full at
tention is paid to Article Six
ana correlatively, the Con-
Stltution should be under
stood to prohibit secrecy on
treaties. Perhaps as a good
housekeeping action a num-
per OF treaties and admins
tratlve agreements can be
denounced by the Senate if
a survey is made. This could
clear the way for honesty
and common sense in cold
war activities.
E. A. Kendall.
Evening star., 1961-06-27
The Castro Problem

nhe absence OF q firm
policy on the part of the
United States against the
Communist puppet Castro
has greatly furthered Com
munist penetration Of Cuba
and Latin America - two
bodies dangerously close to
the United States to become
Communist satellites, with
the resultant missile bases
and subversive centers from
which to operate in our own
country. 1t is a strengthened,
confident and increasingly
effective dictator who rules
IN Cuba today, because a
United States-backed inva-
sion attempt was permitted
to fail.
Although Communist : bloc
tactics and strategy NAV
vary from time to time, theft
strength and drive come
from a single-minded dedi-
cation-destruction of United
States power. Procrastina-
tion on the part of the
United States will only lead
to further Communist sub
version, brutality and black
mai. Let us. the people of
the United States of America.
also know what we want and
where we are going!
Patricia M. Darcy.
Louisville, KY.
\ 4 4
Fidel Castro is unfortu-
nately a young man not in
full control of his own men
tality. No one can see and
hear him talk without a feel
ing that here is a man
unbalanced" as Khrushchev
stated. When we consider
that Castro is as much of a
problem to the Russians as
to the Americans, you must
include a grain of charity
in judging the situation.
Nevertheless, it does not
seem wise to have taken I'D
the Castro jest of exchanging
men for tractors, for his pro-
posal was made as q Jest,
originally.
A man like Castro Just
cannot be judged according
to the standards Of the or
dinary clerk.
Joseph /. Puente.
Evening star., 1961-06-27
HCon Be Built =


able amount of guarded talk about the
So-called neutron bomb. Perhaps the
first American to refer to 1t, openly and
knowledgeably, was the late Thomas E.
Murray. He had served with distinction
for several years as a member of the
Atomic Energy Commission, and he was
profoundly convinced that our country
was gambling with its very survival
by adhering to the moratorium on
nuclear tests that President Eisenhower
proclaimed in October of 1858.
Mr.. Murray'S worry was based on
the fact that this was, and still is,
completely unpoliced moratorium that
the Kremlin could readily violate with
secret, undetectable underground deto-
nations. Such detonations, he warned,
could be tremendously important: 1.-THE
nation that pursueS them will possess
an entirely new symbol of military
strength 'third-generation' weapon,
as radically different from the H-bomb
as the H-bomb was from the Hiroshima
type A-bomb. Conceptual designs
for this new type of weapon have existed
in American laboratories. They would
have already been tested had 1t not
been for our test moratorium"
What Mr.. Murray had in mind has
since been described rather explicitly,
even If perhaps not with complete pre-
cision, by Senator Thomas J. Dodd of
Connecticut. He has had this to say:
THE neutron bomb could be produced
by tailoring the energy of fusion ex-
plosion so that, instead Of heat and
blast, its primary product would be a
burst Of neutrons. Such burst would
operate as kind Of death ray. It -.
would result in no contamination, but
it would Immediately destroy all life in
the target area :. an ideal battlefield
weapon. I doubt there is a single
nuclear physicist Of repute who would
challenge the neutron bomb from the
standpoint of scientific feasibility. It
can be built-but nothing can be done
to build it until we are free to resume
nuclear testing"
Another very real possibility is the
development Of an anti-missile missile
capable of putting forth neutron
burst sufficiently effective to destroy
or neutralize the warhead Of an in
coming Soviet rocket AS to that, Mr..
Dodd has a feeling that the Russians
may have been cheating on us with
clandeStine underground tests, and that
they may have developed startling new
weapons with which they might con-
front us, at Berlin and elsewhere, with
a situation obliging us to make "the
terrible choice between surrender and
all-out thermonuclear war" In any
event, as the Senator has warned, there
can be no doubt that "if we do not test
and the Soviets do test [clandestinely],
sooner or later they will possess the
means Of destroying us at relatively
small risk to themselves"
This is a Judgment that can hardly
be disputed. We are at time of history
now when we cannot afford to be
dreamy or fat-headed. Certainly If its
security is as imperiled as many experts
fear, the United States ought to stop
kowtowing to ill-informed international
opinion and resume nuclear testing,
forthwith-without excuse or apology
to anybody.
Evening star., 1961-06-27
Answers to Questions
BY THE HASKINS SERVICE

@. Is it best for the bow
man to keep both eyes open
when sighting at the target
in archery?-F. F.
A. Both eyes should be left
open, but the brain should
concentrate on the picture
seen by the eye that does the
Sighting-uSually the domi-
nant eye. If the archer is
right-handed and his left eye
is dominant, it will be diff
cult for him to shoot unless
he trains himself to use his
right eye in sighting or re-
verses his method of shooting
Shoots left-handed).
Evening star., 1961-06-27
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names mcy be used u
letters carry tDrtters' correct
names and addresses. Al let
ters are subject to condensG-
tton. Those not used iOill be
returned only iphen accom-
panied By self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-06-27

many cases. 1nlS mas Deen
the custom whether Repub-
lican or Democratic Presi-
dents occupied the White
House.
Particularly are the mem
bers of the Senate consulted
about appointments to Fed
eral judgeships. One Of the
bills passed in the early days
of this Congress provides for
the appointment of 73 new
Federal judges - district
judges and judges Of courts
of appeal. There was insist
ent demand for an increase
in the number of Federal
judges extending back into
the days of the Eisenhower
administration. At that time
the recommendation was for
So additional judgeships. The
need was, as it is now, great
in order to permit the Fed
eral courts to handle more
promptly their calendars. The
Democratic Congress, hoping
for the election of a Demo-
cratic President to succeed
Mr.. Eisenhower, declined to
pass a bill-although the
former President offered to
appoint as many Democrats
as Republicans to these i'm
portant offices. The Demo-
Gratis gambled and won on
this issue. On March 3 the
Senate passed an additional
judgeship bill, and the House,
on April 10. The measure has
been law for more than a
month-but so far only one
Of these new judgeShips has
been filled by appointment
a judgeship in Mississippi. Re-
publicanS are arguing that
this is an example of the
political tactics of the ad-
ministration; that ever since
the judgeShip bill was intro
duced early this year, the
field of possible appointees
was scanned by Senators and
by the administration.
Defend Administration
Democratic sources insist,
however, that the Republican
charges, as they apply to the
new Federal judgeships, nee
esSarily delay the appoint
mentS. In regard to the ap-
pointments of district attor-
neys, marshaIs and post
masters. these same Demo-
cratic sources maintain that
appointments have been 60
ing forward with little or no
delay.
Appointments to Federal
office are not the only way
political pressure may be ap-
Piled to members of Con-
gresS by the Executive. The
ALLEGATION of Federal prof.
ectS to this or that State,
and this or that congress
sional district, the selection of
so-called depressed areas for
Federal aid, and the granting
OF Federal loans to States
and districts are other means
Of pressure. -
1t was early advertised that
the White House this year.
would use all its powers to
obtain from Congress what
1t. wanted in the way of leg
islation and appropriations.
The G. o. P. spokesmen in
sist this is being done In no
uncertain way, and in a way
that was never attempted by
Eisenhower - in fact, was
frowned upon by the former
President.
Evening star., 1961-06-27

tory. our country has an
unparalleled opportunity to
help convert the Eichmann
trial from mere recollection
Of a holocaust into positive
action to prevent its recur-
renee, by defining and pro-
tecting human rights.
Daniel H. Shear.
President. National Capital
Chapter American Jewish
Congress.
Evening star., 1961-06-27
THE POLITICAL MILL
Appointment of JUDGES Overdue
BY GOULD LINCOLN

President Kennedy's success
ses in getting his domestic
program through Congress
are bringing more and
more charges-from Repub-
lican Sources-that the Fed
eral patronage club is used
freely by the administration.
One charge is that many APP
pointmentS to Federal office
are being either deliberately
held up in order to insure
favorable votes on pending
legislation, or being granted
to win votes. There still re-
main important measures Of
the Kennedy program with
which Congress has to deal
not to mention large author
izationS of money for domes-
tic projects, and large ap-
preparations. An administra-
ton farm bill, the school
bill or bills, medical care for
the aged are among some Of
the important proposals.
Senator Karl Mundt Of
South Dakota, Republican, re-
Gently charged that the Ken
edy administration has used
effectively both Federal pa
tronage-which is the giving
or Withholding of Federal
jobs-and other political
pressure to obtain the nee
essary votes to get legisla-
ton through both Senate and
House. He said the White
House is using effectively "a
double barrel gun" to
shoot up the Southern wing
of the old Republican-Dem-
ocratic coalition which has
been able to halt many ex-
travagances over the last
twenty years. One barrel, he
said, is political patronage
the other, political pressure.
I'm vote after vote" Senator
Mundt commented, "in both
the House and the Senate,
there have been enough de-
fections from the Southern
side Of the coalition to de-
feat economy and free enter
prise moves by from S to
Is votes Con the roll calls) q.
Some Southern Democrats
have courageously stood up
against these new preSsures
and great credit is due them.
But too many have sue
cumbed. The combined votes
Of Southern conservatives and
non-urban Republicans which
from 1910 to 1860 won VIC
tory after victory for econ
omy in government, for free
dom of the individual from
political controls and for
States rights no longer func-
tions effectively"
Appointments Held Up
President Kennedy has now
been In office for more than
five months. While there have
been many appointments to
Federal office, the word is
being passed around that
many jobs are being held up
for political reasons. This
goes for Federal judgeships,
for appointments to the office
OF U. s. district attorney,
U. S. marshal, and post
master. Such jobs run liter
ally into the thousands.
Members Of the Senate and
members Of the House are
interested in these appoint
n1ents: they are consulted as
a rule before appointments
are made-and so are the
party. leaders in State and
congressional districts in
Evening star., 1961-07-17
D. G. Considers
Special Relief Aid

Commissioner Walter N. To-
briner said today that the
Board of Commissioners may
decide Thursday whether to
ask Congress for $1.4 million to
help provide relief payments
for families of the unemployed
here.
The request was submitted in
May by Welfare Director
Gerard M. Shea so that the
District could participate in
the new Federal relief program
for families of able-bodied men
unable to find work.
Mr.. Tobriner said he still
has an open mind on whether
the District should ask Con-
gress to authorize funds to join
in the program.
One of the key questions
that must be answered, he said.
is what is happening to the
families of the unemployed
without this program.
Evening star., 1961-07-17
u. S. Growth Here Hit;
Reuss Asks Dispersal

problems of water, of sewage,
of transportation, of metro
planning, without running the
Nations Capital. If the areas
growth rate can be slowed to
rates which prevailed earlier,
our population in 1000 can be
closer to 3 million and the
problems of water and sewage
and transport and planning
will prove manageable"
On relocation, he said many
agencies would operate more
efficiently "if the great bulk
of their operations were located
closer to the area which they
are primarily responsible for
serving"
He added that relocation
would help other cities with
the infusion of several hundred
Federal employees stable en-
ployment group MADE up OF
higher-than- average income
tax payers.
Mr.. Reuss said the Eisen-
hover and Kennedy admins
trationS both have failed TO
come up with a decentraliza-
ton policy. He said no one is
at present charged with the
responsibility of developing
such a program.
Evening star., 1961-07-17
INSURANCE AGAINST TRAGEDY
Airport Keeps Fire Equipment on the Ready

the National Airport emer-
gency department is serving as
a pattern for Dulles Interna-
tional Airport now being built
near Chantilly, Va.
Spout Foam and Water
In cleaning, spotleSs yellow
paint, Nationals equipment in
cludeS trucks that can go any,
where any truck can go-with
foam and water nozzles even
under the body so the truck
can make it's own path through
flames.
1t and a slightly smaller ca
pacity running mate can spout
foam and water so fast that
each requires what the emer-
gency crews refer to as a
nurse" truck-a pumper which
can connect them with the Po-
tomac River or hydrantS.
The combination can throw
a total of more than 1000 gal
Ions of foam or water a min
ute, plus that from 50-gallon-
| per-minute hand lines.
Evening star., 1961-07-17
SEND A KID TO CAMP
Grondmo's Aches
Worry Rob, Hank

Rob and Hank listen with
chills at their heart when their
grandmother talks about her
aches and pains-her favorite
topic.
They know if she dies they'll
be alone in the world.
The boys were deserted by
their parents years ago. They
have only their grandmother to
depend upon now.
Both boys have had trouble
adjusting to school and COM
panions.
Rob, who is H.. is a trouble
maker. He hits other children,
throws spitballS and needles
the teacher if he thinks he can
get away with it.
For 9-year-old Hank, tele-
vision is almost his whole world.
1t is his refuge. He sits before
the screen for hours on end,
turning the set off only when
his grandmother forces him to.
Rob and Hank need to have
fun-indeed, they need to learn
| how to have it. Camp is the best
Evening star., 1961-07-17

In the fleet is a fast rescue
jeep loaded with 500 pounds of
dry chemical, plus portable
generators, metal-cutting saws
and all manner of emergency
gear.
Going to Dulles Airport
One of the bumpers will move
to Dulles Airport next month
as an interim structural pro-
lection vehicle. New replace
ments are already on order.
One is a 2.500-gallon- -capac-
ity truck with a 1,000-gallon-
per-minute turret and two So
gallon-a-minute handlines. An
other is a 3,000-gallon tank
truck.
There are two 2,500-gallon
foam trucks on order for Dull
les, valued at $50, 900 each; two
8, 3,O00-gallon nurse" trucks at
$50 900 each; two l 1,500-gallon-
a-minute bumpers at $23,00O
and a high-speed rescue vehicle
Great emphasis came to the
fire and safety department at
Evening star., 1961-07-17
ONCE OUT OF Winchester

ONCE OUT OF Winchester
we are speeding along a high
way slanting up and over
North Mountain (Route 522)
and down the valley behind
along the course of Sleepy
Creek into West Virginia.
We cross the Potomac at
Hancock. To go west to Cum
berland on Route 40 we would
be closer to WaShington's
trail. A hike up the towpath
would be right in his foot
steps.
But we elect to go north to
the Pennsylvania turnpike,
crossing Maryland at its wasp
waist (Six miles wide). Thel
a quick run to Bedford.
There is SOmeCnlng Scanua-
lousy unAmerican in stop
ping after a days run of only
100 miles. But we want,to call
on that very genial boniface,
Gardner Moore, proprietor OF
the Bedford Springs hotel,
Gardner was manager of the
Shoreham for years.
Some hours of relaxation,
a dip in the pool, a good din
ner, a game of shuffleboard
under the lights in the cool
mountain air and so to bed,
Evening star., 1961-07-17

George Chadwick, who wrote
the draft.
Opposing them were ]. c.
Turner. speaking for the Greater
Washington Central Labor
Council. and Clinton M. Fair
of the AFL-CIO, to match the
business spokesman, Mr.. Chad
wick.
Disparity Cited
BUSINESS representatives
showed that District employers
already paid double and triple
the amounts required of neigh
boring Maryland and Virginia
employers for compensation
insurance because of higher
benefits. They insisted that
since longshoremen and mari
time workers earned more on
the average than District
workers, District compensation
should not be tied to maritime
standards.
Labor Spokesmen feel bill
would deemphasize rehabilita-
ton, deprive workers of their
rights to choose their own doc
tors, and discriminate unfairly
between workers in hazardous
and nonhazardouS jobs.
The House District Commit
tee is considered sympathetic
to the bill. But any similar
measure would be up against
difficult obstacles on the
House floor or in the Senate
since Congress has already
raised local compensation rates
for injured workers.