davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-04-20
DORIS FLEEsON
Ex-Secretoy's Campaign for Governor
To Bring Out Kennedy and Eisenhower

A start on a progressive
Republican beachhead in
New Jersey has been achieved
with the nomination for
Governor of the Eisenhower
Secretary of Labor, James P.
Mitchell. Democrats nomi-
mated against token opposi-
ton a former State judge,
Richard, J. Hughes. 81.
The campaign will be hard
fought and will see Presi-
dent Kennedy and former
President Eisenhower on the
huStings. New Jersey holds
the only Statewide election
this year, and it is a political
bellwether that apparently
can be had by either side.
The contagion of victory
there will spread nationally
TO the winning party.
The Mitchell nomination
also introduces TO the coun-
try a potential new Repub-
lican leader of courage and
decision in Senator Clifford
P. Case. Fortified by the big
gest plurality Of any Repub-
lican Senator up last year,
he stepped out for Mr..
Mitchell early.
This meant an open chal-
lenge to powerful courthouse
influences in his party which
had two candidates. both able
and we'll known, State Sena-
tor Walter H. Jones and
Wayne Dumont, jr. Luckily
for Mr.. Mitchell, there were
Evening star., 1961-04-20
KALPH WCGTLL
An Experiment in Education

written work, and confers
with them about problems.
The experiment demon
strated pupils were able to
make rapid progress. Five
contract correctors, all paid
by the local board, are now
employed at Concord.
In mathematics lay spe-
cialiSts were obtained from
the industrial resources in
and near Concord. These
spoke to pupils about appli-
cation Of mathematics in
professional experience. At
the administrator level those
specialists advised about a
more effective and realistic
curriculum. Self teaching
work sheets were one Of the
developments.
These are but the high
lights Of an experiment in
educational a l cooperation
which, though still in prog
ress. has produced results
available to any school board
which is interested in new
ideas.
tReleased by Consolidated
News Features, Inc.)
Evening star., 1961-04-20
An AH-Seu Blockade of Cuba?

to require any ships that
may be destined for Cuban
ports to be searched. If they
contain munitions. they
would be asked to return to
their port of origin.
The United States Govern
ment believes in the right of
every people to choose their
own rulers but when, as in
the case of the Castro regime,
no elections have been held
and a dictatorship has as
Sumed power, there can be no
indifference to the acts of a
European government which
connives with and in effect
controls the local Dictator
ship.
1t is also to be noted that
the United States has for
mally severed diplomatic re-
lations with the Castro gov
ernment. This means that
the Castro regime no longer
is recognized as the conSti-
tuted government of Cuba.
1t means also that the United
States regards what is hap
pening in Cuba as a struggle
between two factions, one of
which has been guilty of high
crimes and miSdemeanors,
not only against the people
Of Cuba but against the citi-
zenS Of foreign countries. For
any European government to
take sides and send military
equipment and officers and
pilots from its own or Satel-
lite governments to carry on
a war against the Cuban peo-
pie is a cause for deep con-
Germ by the American Gov
ernment.
Unless Soviet Premier
KhruShchev needs the warn
ing in the message sent by
President Kennedy on Tues
day night Of this week. the
Kremlin can expect a block
ade to be imposed against the
ships Of all nations which
may be suspected Of carrying
munitions Of war or military
men to assist in the waging
Of war against the democrat
ic aspirations of the Cuban
people.
(Copyright, 1850
Evening star., 1961-04-20

two Of them; they outpolled
him jointly. even though he
won handily with about
10000 plurality.
The Case prestige thus has
new luster. but its potential
rests on something broader
that Republicans freely dis
cusS. 1t is the vacuum in
party leadership which finds
Senator Goldwater an emo
tional favorite of the party
organization, Richard Nixon
forced to defend his titular
leadership and Gov. Nelson
Rockefeller only just holding
his own in New York.
The failure Of Gov. Rookie
feller in particular to develop
drive and display any politi-
cal management instincts af-
fords Senator Case the OPP
portunity to erge as
spokesman for Eastern Re-
publicanism. Largely fl
nanced by really big business,
this party bloc tends to be
progressive and information
alist, as Senator Case is. 1t
put across the nomination
Of Gen. Eisenhower In 1852
against a powerful drive by
party leaders elsewhere for
their idol, the late Senator
Robert A. Taft.
Gov. Rockefeller would be
acceptable to it, but he has
not so far demonstrated that
he can mobilize supporting
Evening star., 1961-04-20
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

The things going in Cuba and Laos the emblem
Of the Peace Corps will be crossed olive branches-worn
on the breast of paratroopers jump suit.
Some voters puzzled by the administrations Depart
ment of Urban Affairs They thought that kind of thing
supposed to be arranged in private
Kennedy Khrushchev to keep his off Cuba
Gist: Don't rattle no rockets round my rocker"
Former Labor Secretary Mitchell wins New jerseys
Republican nomination for governor He's Eisenhower
Republican. That's fellow who brags the fomer-and
quite admits the latter
Kennedy has certainly made good campaign
pledge He predicted things get before they
got better
One Washington matron says despite the international
crisis she feels much safer these days that Ike is back
in GettySburg-ony two hours drive House
Evening star., 1961-04-20

company setup, has a control
ling interest in the company.
Other pay increases for the
officers were:
Morris Fox, first vice presi-
dent, from $3O,7OO to $33,7OO;
Irving Buckley. vice chairman
Of the board, vice president and
assistant treasurer, $15,9O0 to
$17,40O; J. H. Flanagan, vice
president and controller-treas-
urer. $25,5OO to S29,6OO; R. w.
Turner, assistant vice presi-
dent and claims attorney, $16,-
900 to $17,7O0; John R. Sims,
assistant general counsel and
assistant secretary, $13,500 to
$4,000; Parker C. Peterman,
assistant to the president,
finance and assistant treasurer,
$4,000 to $4,000. and w. c.
Harper. assistant treasurer,
$4,000 to S10.5O0.
Evening star., 1961-04-20
Free World Believed With United States
Against KremIin, Unless We Weaken

Communists. There has been
increasing disenchantment
in Asia and Europe over our
continuous retreats-because
Of our love for peace-in the
face of the Red aggression.
There is no concealing that
the weakness we displayed
toward the heroic Hungarian
freedom fighters has encour-
aged more than anything else
the advancement of the Red
authoritarianism all over the
world, until it has reached
Cuba, only 80 miles away
from our shores.
Mr.. Kennedy did not mince
his words any more than Mr..
KhrushChev has done for so
many years. While some
would have preferred the
Chief Executive to bring into
his observations to the Red
boss the Monroe Doctrine it.
self, his statement was, I'm
the event of a military inter
vention by an outside force
we will Immediately honor
our obligations under the
American system to protect
this hemisphere against eX-
ternal aggression"
This was plain enough.
The world is watching with
anxiety the result of these
bitter exchanges and fervent-
ly prayS that there will be no
weakening at the last moment
on the part Of the United
States, regardless of how
much saber or missile rafting
is being heard from Moscow
and Peiping, and also regard
less Of how many more win
doWs in American embassies
abroad are broken by mobs.
Astute foreign diplomats in
Washington have been point
ing out that the free world
will be on the side Of the
United States in this show
down with international COM
muniSm, regardless of conse-
Evening star., 1961-04-20
DORIS FLEEsoN
A Progressive G. O.P. Beuchheud

forces outside New York, and
conservative upstate leaders
are out of hand at Albany:
a New York mayoralty elec-
tion impends without a Re-
publican-fusion candidate in
sight who can filch that prize
from Tammany Hall.
All that Senator Case will
now say is that Mr.. Mitchell's
nomination proves that their
kind Of RepublicaniSn pays
off, and they will win again
in November.
In modern times, the only
New Jersey Governor to make
a national impact was Wood
row Wilson, who ranks high
among Democratic patron
saints. But the office itself
is no mean prize.
The winning party has a
good chance to gain four or
five additional congressional
seats in consequence Of the
congressional reapportion-
ment compelled by the 1860
population census. The Gov
ernor has vast appointive
powers, judicial and other
wise.
Democrats today are the
"ins", with Gov. Robert B.
Meyner about to conclude
eight years at Trenton. In
Harrison Williams it has the
other United States Senator.
He and some Of the liberal
Democratic leaders Of the
House, notably Mr.. Kenne-
dy's intimate associate, Rep
resentative Frank Thompson,
won't give up easily.
Evening star., 1961-04-20

The few in Washington who
believe that the struggle for
the overthrow of Fidel Cas-
tro and his cohorts was "just
another of those Latin Amer
ican revolutions" realize that
they are badly mistaken.
The battle which has been
engaged since April 16 no
longer involves two Cuban
factions, but threatens the
whole world. Not that there
are any serious-minded peo-
pie among high officials and
foreign diplomats in Wash
ington who think that the
Cuban contest will result in
involving the whole world in
a nuclear or even a conven-
tional war. The issue, as it
has developed since the fees
Of Fidel Castro have failed
to obtain an initial spectacu-
lar victory, is whether the
United States or international
communism will come out
with an enhanced or a badly
diminished prestige.
Moreover, the Cuban strug-
gle is likely to have wide re-
percusSions in Laos, where
the Soviets have played their
usual role Of duplicity by &C
cepting a cease-fire "in prin-
ciple," then waiting until
their Laotian Communist
puppets reach a dominant
strategic position.
1t is no eXaggeration to say
that all the free world has its
eyes riVeted on the Cuban
crisis-whiCh is a Communist
American contest. The strong
ly worded note sent by PreSi-
dent Kennedy in answer to
Premier KhrushcheV's thinly-
yelled threat has brought
hopes throughout the world.
For the last 10 years the
world has seen the enor-
mously powerful United
States give ground to the
Evening star., 1961-04-20
Cooperative Effort Between Harvard
And Concord Schools Is Described

tory. She was able to give
individual assistance. 1t was
possible to divide up the work
so that the students could
give equal time to classroom
and lab work.
The teacher, once frus-
trated by inability to give
enough time to either aspect
Of instruction, and the as
sistant have demonstrated
the considerable benefits of a
language lab when so used as
to make possible the obvious
advantages it offers.
Similarly, the teachers Of
Concord and Harvard believe
real progress has been made
in English. There is increas-
ing demand today for better
written expression in Eng
lish. Concord learned that a
simple, but necessary, method
increases this skill. Almost no
English teachers today can
assign enough themes and
other forms of written work.
Yet, only by writing can
pupils acquire facility. The
task Of correcting papers is
overwhelming. The result is
that most pupils are not we'll
trained. The English teacher.
perhaps the most neglected
member Of elementary and
secondary school faculties,
simply cannot do the physical
work produced by written
assignments.
Concord English teachers
were supplied. experimental
ly, with what came to be
called contract correcting"
The contract corrector is de-
scribed by the report as "us-
ually housewife in the COM
munity. with a strong back
ground Of formal study in
English" She functions as
the regular teachers assist
ant in composition work, us
ually on part-time basis.
After being trained in the
teachers method and pur-
poses, the contract corrector
gets thoroughly acquainted
with the students, takes over
the reading of much of their
Evening star., 1961-04-20
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Need to Be Steadfust on Cuba

quenceS. But they add that
should perchane the admin
iStration weaken in the last
minute and the Russians
must be expected to push us
until the danger point is
reached-another American
withdrawal" may be fatal to
the future Of our Western
civilization.
1t would not be a question
any longer as to who will be
the top man in Cuba. A fail
ure on our part to remain
as steadfast as Mr.. Kennedy
has indicated in his note
would have incalculable con-
sequences not only all over
the already seething Latin
America, but also in the Far
East, where our strategic
position already is endan-
gered.
History, say Washington
diplomats, is beckoning to
Mr.. Kennedy. For the first
time in the long series of
conflicts with the Communist
world we have all the ad-
VantageS, including the eS-
sential logistic superiority, on
our side. The Soviet Union
and its satellites are known to
be-and have Dragged about
disappearing Fidel Castro
with a vast amount of war
materials. We know that the
MICS which have entered
action against the invaders"
as we'll as the Russian tanks
are manned by Czechs and
Poles. Ihere Is no reason
why, under this provocation,
considering the high stakes,
we should not support the
rebels at least with adequate
military equipment.
There are ample reasons
to believe that the Soviet
military experts are more
than loath to unleash a nu-
clear war. They know that
at present they will get the
short end of the stick. And
their opinion has in the past
been a decisive factor in the
decisions made by the mas
terS of the Kremlin.
Evening star., 1961-04-20
DAVID LAWRENCE

An air and sea blockade
Of Cuba may have to be i'm
posed by the United States
to prevent the landing of
munitions and weapons of
war by the Soviet govern
ment.
Not only is there evidence
now that the Russian gov
ernment has violated the
Monroe Doctrine, but that it
also has ignored the declara-
ton of the Organization of
American States which by
resolution affirmed that same
doctrine.
The resolution which was
adopted at Caracas, Vene-
zuela, in 1854, declares that
the domination or control Of
the political institutions of
any American state by the
International Com mu mist
movement, extending to this
hemisphere the political sys-
tenn of an extra continental
power, would constitute a
threat to the sovereignty and
political independence Of the
American states, endanger-
ing the peace of America.
and would call for a meeting
of consultation to consider
the adoption of appropriate
action in accordance with
existing treaties"
Unfortunately, there isn't
time to wait for a meeting
of the Organization Of Amer
lean States now, and it so
happens that only the United
States has the air and sea
power to thwart the Russian
invasion of Cuban territory.
Dispatches in the last "a
hours have revealed that
Communist made MIG Jet
aircraft as we'll as Soviet
tanks and cannon are ac-
tually being used by Castro's
army. There is evidence also
that Castro's government has
been infiltrated by the Com
munists. Thus the world is
witnessing a brazen attempt
by the Soviet government to
establish a foothold in Cuba
Evening star., 1961-04-20
Transit Officers
Get Pay Raises

The salaries Of the officers
Of D. C. Transit System have
gone up a total of $l8,7OO a
year.
The pay increases, which
went into effect late last year,
were revealed in the company's
annual report for 1860 filed
with the District Public Utili-
ties Commission.
o. Roy Chalk, transit system
president, chairman of the
board and general counsel, re-
ceived a $4,000 increase-from
S45,OO0 to $4,000. His wife,
Claire. listed as secretary, had
her salary increased from
$4,000 to $4,000.
Mr.. Chalk, through a holding
Evening star., 1961-04-20
Question Believed Raised by Violation
Of Monroe Doctrine by Soviet

and to extend its military
domination to other Central
and South American states.
President Kennedy would
be following historic Ameri-
can policies in ordering that
no further war supplies be
permitted to land in Cuba.
It was to thwart the landing
of German munitions in
Mexico in 1914 that Presi-
dent Wilson ordered the
United States Navy to seize
the port of Vera Cruz. Also,
on February "a, 1860, Presi-
dent Eisenhower, in address,
ing the Brazilian Congress.
said:
But we would consider 1t
intervention in the internal
affairs of an American state
if any power, whether by in
vasion, coercion or subver-
sion, succeeded in denying
freedom of choice to the peo-
pie of any of our sister re-
publics."
President Kennedy, in his
latest message to Nikita
Khrushchev, says:
II have previously stated
and I repeat now that the
United States intends no
military intervention in
Cuba. In the event of any
military interve e ntion by
outside force, we will imme-
diately honor our obligations
under the Inter American
system to protect this hemi-
sphere against external ag-
greSSion."
This is a warning that un-
mistakably outlines Amer
ica's determination to use
military power to prevent
any further encroachment
on Cuban territory. To effec-
tuate such a decision, it
is necessary to cut off the
landing of any more military
weapons or equipment by
the Russians. The most
practical way to do this is
to intercept any planes that
may be headed for Cuba and
Evening star., 1961-04-20
RALPH McGLLL

In 1857. after a year of
planning, a unique educa-
tional partnership was Gre
ated between administrators
from Harvard and three
neighboring public hool
systems. One of these was
Concord, with its heritage of
Thoreau, Emerson, the AL
colts and others.
Now available are reports
Of this partnership. The re-
lationship was not casual, but
an actual working arrange
n1ent. The university had the
resources of a community of
scholars, theory and research.
The public schools had the
teachers, pupils and an
eagernesS to discover how
new techniques and ideas
could be used to upgrade in
struction. The Fund for Ad-
vancement of Education pro-
vided experimental funds
The cooperative approach of
a great university and a pub
lie school system has pro-
duced results now incorpo-
rated by the Concord schools.
Language labs are not new.
But they are not in them
selves royal road to fluency
in speech. Such a lab essen
tally is a work area, with
private student booths and a
master console. A student
listens to a lesson which is
integrated with the classroom
and textbook assignment.
The student initiates the re-
corded voice Of a native
French speaker and records
his own effort on tape or
disc, He then plays 1t back
and corrects his errors of
pronunciation, int o alton
and grammar.
But laboratories have not
worked out as well as antici-
pated. The teacher, who had
the classroom work as we'll,
could not give adequate time
to either.
In every community there
are skills which schools may
call upon. A lay assistant,
who knew the language inti-
mately, was engaged to su-
pervise the Concord labora-
Navajo times. [volume] (Window Rock, Ariz.) 1960-1984, 1961-08-09
Emmons DisIikes
TuskForceReport

poets of Indian affairs, but the big
gest attempt by the report is to edu-
cate the Indian ia ster, and so make
the Indian self supporting and to,
help integrate him more quickly in
to outside society.
According to Emmons this will
only entail hiring more employees
in the educ alto n departments of
BLA, and thereby raise the cost of
operation to BIA.
Mr.. Emmons had his own, ra-
Their radical plan, to present as
solution to Indian problems. The 4
point plan includes the following:
l. Close the rolls of the tribes
so that even new born babies won't
be listed.
2 Disband the Bureau of Indian
Affairs in S years.
g. Transfer the Indian land to
Tribal corporations.
A. Instead of okaying various
Tribal budgets for works ETC.,
make direct payment of $6OOper
year to Indians on the Tribal rolls.
This instead of various services
now offered to individual Indians.
Navajo times. [volume] (Window Rock, Ariz.) 1960-1984, 1961-08-09
Ceremony at Catholic
lndium Center

At a ceremony recently at the
Catholic Indian Center in Gallup,
Bernice Wallace of Gallup and
Francis Blythe Jr., of Phoenix
Arizona, we're united in marriage
by FIR. Dunstan, O.F.M
The bride, whose mother andfa-
Their, Mr.. and Mrs. Joe Wallace,
SIS East Sullivan, attended Gallup
High School, and Fort Lewis AGM
College, is now senior at Arizona
State at Tempe.
The groom, son of MIR. and Mrs.
Francis Blythe ST., of Phoenix, is
senior at Arizona State and is
employed byRadio Station KWBYat
Scottsdale.
The rec option following the
ceremony was held at the Catholic
Indian Center.
The couple will reside in Phoe-
nix.
Navajo times. [volume] (Window Rock, Ariz.) 1960-1984, 1961-08-09

Hearken. now unto my
voice, l will give thee cOun-
sel.-(ExOd. 1919
His wisdom sees through to
the right solution. So let us
place all problems in His care
and relax to receive the guild
ance that He gives us. Let us
be willing to follow the guild
ance we receive.
Navajo times. [volume] (Window Rock, Ariz.) 1960-1984, 1961-08-09

August IA, 1945-At Z pm,
President Harry S. Truman
announced that Japan had &C
cepted the terms of uncon-
ditional surrender-and that
World War III was over.
Navajo times. [volume] (Window Rock, Ariz.) 1960-1984, 1961-08-09

Mr.. Emmons explained that his
plan would eventually work the gov
eminent out of the Indian business,
which is what we all want in the flu
ture.
Navajo times. [volume] (Window Rock, Ariz.) 1960-1984, 1961-08-09

Glenn Emmons, Indian Com
missioner under the past Admins
tration, has har h words for the
''Task Force Report" given re-
Gently to Secretary of the Interior
Stewart Udall. The Indian Affairs
task force group explained that MIR.
Emmons had been consulted about
the report. Mr.. Emmons said that
the committee had spent two hours
questioning him about the 8 years
he had spe Mt as Indian Commits
Sioner.
Concerning the reports En-
mons says that it is trying to speak
light of the achievements of the Re-
publicans. "The idea of getting in
dustries onthe serva tons was
one of our plans''.
Many new roads, schools, brid-
ges and hospitals were built during
Emmons tenure in office. Much
work in the Indian Bureau was done
also. The Indian Health Servic was
put under the Public Health Service
against oppo sition. and some
1000 Indians of the United States
were freed from government con-
troll.
Secretary Udall hopes that about
80 per cent of the task force re-
port will be accepted. Various
points of the report cover many as
Navajo times. [volume] (Window Rock, Ariz.) 1960-1984, 1961-08-09

August 7, 1928-The Ameri-
can dollar bill began to shrink
appearing in a size one
third smaller than bills is
sued previously by the Treas
ury.
Navajo times. [volume] (Window Rock, Ariz.) 1960-1984, 1961-08-09

counties included in the Rural
Areas Development Program of the
Department of Agriculture, as of
May 1, 1861.
AREAS OF LOW PRODUCTION
Where there are 60
percent or more of Class vi COM
mercial farms las defined by the
Bureau of the Census) among all
commercial farms in the area.
Navajo times. [volume] (Window Rock, Ariz.) 1960-1984, 1961-08-09

Free enterprise is a vital
part of our legacy, - and it
prospers best in association
with the other freedoms which
it can nourish and extend" -