davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-08-08
Merit Hirinq

Harvey Hewitt, in a letter
to The Star, objects to the
flouting of State laws and
local customs by Freedom
Riders but not to the flouting
Of constitutional and moral
law by the segregationists.
I ask: Which is higher?
He also thinks that boy
colts to insure fair employ
ment policies are wrong. AS
q white paid agitator" of
that Negro" (sic) organiza-
ton Gin reality interracial
organization) I would like to
state that CORE is as OPP
posed to discrimin a tito n
against whites as against Ne
groes and our local group has
so stated in a recent letter to
Hahn's. The program CORE
SCanoS py and Tor Is properly
known as merit hiring-that
is hiring a man on his quail
fications alone without regard
to irrelevant factors such. as
race, religion, and national
origin. If two equally we'll
qualified persons apply for
a job and only one is l.ired,
no one is to say the other was
Disseminated against. But
when highly trained persons
are employed as unskilled
labor it is obvious that it is
not lack Of qualification but
discrimination which keeps
them from the better jobs.
The Urban League exists to
help Negroes find jobs com
lnensurate with their skills
and abilities. It should not
need to exist.
Genevieve Hughes,
Field Secretary, Congress of
PaNio1 EN11oIikry
Evening star., 1961-08-08
Conflict of Interest?

I have been very concerned
by the recent newspaper dis
closures concerning the out
side employment of District
employees. To the general
public this may not appear
to be a serious problem.
However, such a situation
could eventually result in a
very dangerous problem. I
know Of at least one situa-
tion where a non-medical
clinical psychologist, en-
ployed by the District of
Columbia in a clinic, sup
posedly treating patients to
the best Of his ability, at the
same time is maintaining
a private office, and also
working for another private
clinic. It is fairly obvious
that this individual could not
be giving his full attention
and energies to his work
in the District clinic. I am
certain that the serious other
dangers Of this problem are
readily apparent.
Sanford A. Berman.
Evening star., 1961-08-08
She'll Game in Cuba

One OF the freedoms" available to
totalitarian government, though not to
its people, is that of taking possession
of nations money by simple command.
This is what Fidel Castro decided to do
during the past week end in Cuba, under
conditions which had been worked out
in strictest secrecy and which spell
outright confiScation of the pesos of
many CubanS at home and Of virtually
all those abroad.
The Castro formula, calling for the
surrender of old paper pesos in exchange
for new ones, was not at all complicated.
One representative of each household
was ordered to show up (once only on
Sunday or Monday with all the pesos
which the family was prepared to admit
owning. On surrender of these, the
family messenger was to receive in hand
a maximum of 200 new pesos and a
statement to the effect that any re-
naming funds were being deposited in
a special account under government
control. After the exchange deadline,
all old pesos became worthless and it
was explained that the special account
for each family would be frozen for
one week-no Withdrawals allowed. It
was promised that this freeze would be
lifted at the end of the one-week period
It may be.
Meanwhile, of course, the Castro
government now has full inventory Of
all the cash wealth which Cubans at
home dare or care to acknowledge.
Pesos which had been kept in private
hiding, perhaps because they were
acquired in contravention of some other
Castro edict or even were being held
for absentee owners, are now without
value. For refugees abroad from
Castroism, their wealth in Cuban cur
rency either with them or in their
homeland has now been wiped out. One
Havana paper commented with obvious
satisfaction that the exchange will force
counter-revolutionaries to finance any
further "intrigues" with dollars, not
pesos.
On the purely domestic economic
front, the Castro order may check for
while at least the mounting initiation
on the island. In the past two years,
the printing presses have more than
doubled the volume of pesos in circu-
lation while foodstuffs and other goods
available have been sharply reduced.
The peso, which officially is on a par.
with the dollar, has been quoted recently
as low as 20 cents and prices in Cuba
have been correspondingly high. Under
the new currency, there will be no
more goods-iust less money with which
to buy them. For this, Cubans may or
may not be grateful to Mr.. Castro.
Evening star., 1961-08-08
AppIouds GoIdwoter

I hope that The Star will
give due credit to Republican
Barry Goldwater for his in
fluence in the Senate in
shaping the stiff, military
backbone in President Ken
nedy's Berlin, speech. It is
comforting that Mr.. Gold
water won his senatorial
debate with Mr.. Fulbright
on policies and measures
best suited to win the cold
war"-talk or force. The
Star may have been more
prescient than it knew when
it editorialized recently on
this debate under the title
"Meaningful Debate" The
meaningfulness Of the Gold
water-Fulbright debate is
now clear. Mr.. Goldwater'S
thesis, that dictator Khru-
shchev, and all dictators, do
not respect or respond to
anything but superior force
has been vindicated by the
Administrators decision to
stand fast in West Berlin,
and to increase our existing
military readiness to main
tain our position there by
force if the Soviets try to
squeeze us out.
MeSsrs. Fulbright and
Mansfield should know by
this time that international
communism is engaged in a
deliberate, never-ending and
fiercely dedicated effort to
destroy democratic societies.
Communism laughs at the
ingenious faith that demo-
cratic societies attach to
negotiations, written agree
mentS and the rule Of law.
II this were not so there
would be no Berlin crisis, for
the West is in that city by
legal right.
Barry Goldwater has a
great political future ahead
Of him. His clarity of vision
and utterances on the major
issues Of the day are rem
iniscent Of the perspicacity,
blunt courage and outspoke-
ness Of an earlier Mr.. Church.
Ill, who was also ridiculed for
preaching the doctrine of
strength, firmnesS and no
compromise toward tyrantS
and dictators. Churchill was
also decried for his conserva-
tism, but went on to become
the savior Of his country.
founder of the United Nations
and grand. old statesman of
the world. I look forward with
interest to Barry Goldwater's
unfolding political future, a
man OF true courage and
vision. commitment and
craftsmanship who does not
need to coin catch-phrases
to dramatic his political
philosophy.
David Hughes.
Evening star., 1961-08-08
Taxpayers Lament

Inc Star approximately a
year ago ran an article which
described need for immediate
correction of a situation in
the Deanwood section of
Northeast Washington. It
seems the Federal Housing
Administration owns 26 two
unit apartment buildings in
the 200 and 800 blocks 55th
street NE. and the 200 block
seth street NE. These build
ings have not been used in
over four years. They are
basically good buildings that
could easily be fixed up and
used for public housing. But
instead, they have remained
boarded up and serve as a
blight to this area.
The FILA District Office
has advised me that the Dis
trict Government and Public
Housing Administration are
interested in doing some
thing to rehabilitate this
property. But nothing has
been. done as yet. I would
like to ask how long it should
take for FILA to sell, trade or
fix up their property.
The taxpayers are losing
out all the way around. Be-
cause FILA is not renting
these buildings or selling
them it is decreasing Fed
eral revenue. The District
cannot get the proper prop
erty taxes that a project Of
this kind would yield If in
good condition. And there is
a serious housing shortage
4 in this area. Although this
property decreases the value
OF adjacent properties, own
ers Of these must continue
to pay full property taxes.
I, as a taxpayer, demand
immediate action by the
parties commemorative Fed
eral Housing Administration
and the District Govern
ment. i.
Robert w. Jones.
Evening star., 1961-08-08

l1shed, any dose however ad.
ministered has some effect.
Work now has been started
on radiation'S effects on the
development of the mice as
embryos, shortly following
fertilization or during the
earliest stages of embryonic
growth. Quite striking SEN
sitivity differences have been
found at different stages be-
fore birth and with differ
ences in radiation type at
various times during en-
bryological progress. Some
work also is underway on
the effects Of radiation in
producing sterility, when
there are no embryoS at all.
More basic work, as has
been the case with most gen.
etic experimentation, is done
with lower plant and animal
organisms. Higher ones, like
men or dogs, require too long
to breed so that close observa-
tions Of enough generations
to reach sound conclusions
are impossible. Fruit flies are
favorites, as they always have
been in genetic work. They
produce several generations
IN a few weeks. Much work is
being carried out with them
at the Oak Ridge laboratory.
This has been concerned pri-
marily with observation of
effects Of radiation, survival
and fertility.
Genetic Law Applies Widely
By and large genetic laws
have been found to apply
through most of living ma.
ture, both plant and animal.
What Is found out with fruit
flies may apply equally well
to men or cauliflowers. The
Oak Ridge investigators have
attempted to analyze several
kinds Of genetic effects on
survival and fertility after ir-
radiation. Several hitherto
unsuspected types of So
called sex-linked recessive
lethals, which eventually
probably mean the end Of q
genetic line have been estab-
lished.
Work on radiation protec-
ton and recovery has been
carried out with the we'll
known protozoan, Parame-
cium, long used in biology
laboratories. The time course
OF cell growth and chromo-
some duplication has been
worked out so carefully in
this organism that it has been
possible to make a detailed
analysis of all the steps that
take place between the alb
sorption Of radiant energy
and the irrevocable establish
ment Of genetic damage.
Ways Of modifying these
steps have been found and
now are being analyzed.
Evening star., 1961-08-08
THE POLITICAL MILL
Too Many Foreign Policies
BY GOULD LINCOLN

that the liberal" elements
of the Kennedy administra-
ton, including both Ambas-
sador Stevenson and Under
Secretary of State Chester
Bowles and others about the
White House, are going along
a road that could lead to
appeaSement in order to
maintain peace. In this, Sen
ator Fulbright of Arkansas,
Democratic chairman of the
Senate Foreign Relations
Committe, seems to aid and
abet them, whether he wishes
to or not. .s.
How long can the admin
istration continue to conduct
its foreign policy, while wide
differences appear to exist
in the top echelons? (
Rusk forgotten" Man
Meanwhile, Secretary of
State Rusk is engaged in
conferences with the NATO
nations, and with Britain,
France and West Germany
particularly, urging them to
build up their armed forces
and prepare for war as q
deterrent to Communist. ag-
greSSion. To read the news
papers, it would appear that
the Secretary Of State is the
forgotten man. But Mr..
Rusk, after all, is the Presi-
dents right-hand man in
the formulation and carrying
out of foreign policy. He
undoubtedly knows what the
Presidents own views are.
These differences among
the Presidents chief advisers
on foreign policy led In the
recent past to the Cuban
fiasco, a fiasco which did
more to lessen the prestige
OF the United States both
IN the Americas and in Eu-
rope than any other happen
ing in years. The advice given
by these advisers, strongly
at variance, left President
Kennedy on a middle ground.
He failed to take the advice
OF liberals, including Senator
Fulbright and Secretary
Bowles who were opposed to
allowing the Cuban freedom
fighters to make their in
vasion attempt to overthrow
Fidel Castro. But the Presi-
dent, urged by others to per-
NIT the invasion, adopted q
halfway policy. No, victory
was ever won with such q
policy. The Cuban invasion
went down the drain.
If the country is to have
another such experience over
the Berlin crisis, a still more
disastrous result may be ex-
pected. The President has
been firm in his statements
that we will not abandon
either the free West Berlin
ers or our rights in Berlin,
created by agreement at the
close of World War II. He
has been wise in his program
for an upbuilding Of our
armed forces to meet any
Communist aggression over
Berlin or any attack on our
Allies anywhere.
OF course, Mr.. Khrushchev
does not want war over Ber-
lin. He wants to get his way
without war. He wants peace,
but a peace favorable to the
Communists. ...t
Evening star., 1961-08-08
Free Hungary

l noClceo In your columns
that Ghana's Prime Minister
Nkrumah, at a reception in
Budapest, referred to the
British as colonialist oppres-
.sors, saying that at one time
they had killed his fellow
countrymen. Later, at the
airport, the Prime Minister
stated that the Hungarian
people are happy and free.
I can only imagine the
bitterness with which the
average Hungarian accepted
the. statement regarding his
happiness and freedom.
Herein, however, Is one of
the major international prob
lens Of our times. While
newly Independent nations
feel there must be freedom
and independence for all the
colonial holdings Of the West,
they do not seem to care
about the colonial holdings
of Soviet Russian imperial
ism. Surely. however, If the
CongoS, Ghana and Guinea,
for example, are free, is there
any reason why once free
nations such as Estonia, Lat
via, Lithuania and Hungary
should not be so?
It must have impressed
many Hungarians as ironic
that here was the leader Of
a newly independent nation,
telling them, the people of
a nation over 1000 years old,
now a victim of Soviet Rus
sian Imperialism, that they
are happy and free, when in
reality, this is not so.
1t has been stated that one
cannot expect the Afro-Asian
nations to be concerned over
Hungary since the Afro
Asians have not known So
Wet Russian imperialism.
This is true, but the leaders Of
these new states surely must
know that Soviet colonialism
is at its peak, and, at the very
least, a leader of a new state
should not tell the Hungar-
ians, of all people, that they
are free when their bid for
freedom was smashed in
1856. Mr.. Nkrumah has
gained freedom from the
British and knows what free
dom from colonialism is, can
he honestly say that Hungary
can act in relation to the
Soviet Union as Ghana can
toward Britain? Mr.. Nkrumah
can insult the British and
still be welcomed and hon.
ored in London, but has Mr..
Nkrumah ever heard of Imre
Macy and Pal Maleter?
A newspaperman once told
a little girl named Virginia
that there was a Santa Claus,
and the little girl felt, there
fore, 1t must be so. Mr..
Nkfumah must not allow him
self to believe. that because
he said Hungarians are happy
and free. therefore, it is so.
I am saving the clipping to
which this letter refers. Some
day I may find cause for
sending it to Mr.. Nkrumah.
In the meantime, I ask the
Prime Minister to bear in
mind that while he and other
leaders Of new states may be
unconcerned with Soviet
Russian imperialism, this
does not mean that Soviet
tanks may never appear on
the streets of Accra and
shoot down Ghanians in the
name Of "counter-revolu-
tion," "anti-colonialism, Z"
"anti-imperialism," or what
have you.
Evening star., 1961-08-08
War Threat Muted

AS far as the words 60, Mr.. Khru-
Snchev'S latest remarks on the Berlin
issue are on the encouraging side. The
soviet Premier seemed to be saying that
the Berlin dispute, If it cannot be dis
posed OF through negotiations, will at
least be settled on basis which will not
lead to war
This was not a threatful speech, nor
was Maj. Titov'S earth-circling achieve
ment seized upon as occasion for
new ooaSt1ng about RusSias rocket
superiority. Instead, Mr.. Khrushchev
called for honest" negotiations, for
reliance ION reason and not on the force
OF thermonuclear weapons" It is true
that he did not put forward any new
proposal which might serve as basis for
compromise. But neither have we.-
II representatives of nations are going
to the conference table, they do not Gus
tomarily give advance notice of their
real bargaining position.
Mr.. Khrushchev also held out the
prospect Of peace over Berlin even If
there is no agreed-upon settlement. In
this event, he said, Russia will sign a
separate peace treaty with East Ger
many, thereby investing that puppet
state with full sovereignty and also con-
troll OF the access routes from the West
INTO Berlin But, he added, I'VE do not
intend to infringe upon any lawful in
terests Of the Western powers. Any
barring Of access to West Berlin, any
blockade OF West Berlin, is entirely out
OF the question" Mr.. Khrushchev un-
doubtedly has the means to give effect
to this assurance. And If he will do so,
there Is no reason, as far as we can see,
why the West cannot live with the
situation that would be created by the
signing OF separate peace treaty.
1t is true that the Soviet leader, in
an upside down version of recent events,
said he might decide to increase Soviet
military power in the East German area
as q result of President Kennedy'S speech
OF July Is. He said he was considering
this because Mr.. Kennedy called for
more men and money for American
defense, conveniently overlooking the
fact that the Presidents announce
ment followed a July statement
by Mr.. Khrushchev that he was in
creasing the Soviet military budget
and suspending projected troop reduc-
tions. Even If the Soviet Premier should
go ahead with the measures he an
nounced, however, they would hardly
add up to preparation for major war. \
Mr. Khrushchev made one other
point which deserves attention. Why, he
asked, should Russia want to fight to
take anything from another country
when it already possesses great natural
and human resources, as well as Signifi-
cant industry?
This summary of the Soviet position
Is a fact-a fact which, more than fair
words, argues in behalf Of peace. To put
it another way, Russia is doing very we'll
In the existing state of the world. Fur
thermore, Mr.. Khrushchev knows that in
event Of war, win or lose, his country
would suffer terrible damage. So why
should he want to bring down upon
himself the frightful consequences Of
nuclear conflict over the relatively minor
issue that is posed by Berlin?
Evening star., 1961-08-08
WSTAS IN SCIENCE
Heredity Mechanism Studiedby Acc
BY THOMAS r. HENRY

Atomic Energy Commits
sion research is throwing
new light on the extremely
complex mechanismS of he
redity.
One fear most often ex-
pressed is that increased ra-
diation in the environment
will cause, in the long run,
serious deterioration of spe-
cies, including the human
species by producing genetic
mutations. The great ma
jority Of these are bad" A
few will be good, perhaps in
unforeseeable ways. There is
no question that irradiation
Of reproductive cells is likely
to produce changes. This has
been the case since the be-
ginning of the race, always
exposed to radiation inherent
in nature.
But better understandings
of the "down-under" wcrk-
ings Of heredity being re-
vealed by radioactive tracers
may well be of more signifi-
canoe than the dangers.
Some of this research has
just been reported by the
Acc, under whose auspices
it was carried out.
Mice are the experimental
animals In a long-term re-
search project at the Acc
Oak Ridge (Tenn.) labora-
tory. So far as genetics are
concerned. for most purposes
a mouse doesn't differ ma
terially from a man. It may
presently be assumed from
analyses of data from both
humans and mice that most
OF the findings will be ap-
plicable to humans. =
In one series Of experi-
mentS body defects, longevity
and fertility have been meas
used over several genera
tions in the progeny of ir-
radiated mice. In another
experimental set-up data are
being obtained on the factors
that influence both the fire.
quency and nature of the In
duced mutations. The rela-
tive effects Of different types
Of radiation and Of different
ly administered dose rates
are being studied.
Long Study Necessary
Genetic experiments with a
higher animal like a mouse
cannot be carried out over
night. There must be several
generations before fesults can
be reported with any conf
dence. One fact, however,
appears to have been pretty
well established. The same
amount Of radiation spread
over an extended period, say
weeks or months, has less
effect on heredity than If It
is, administered at one time.
Still, 1t has been estab-
Evening star., 1961-08-08
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry Drtters' correct
names and addresses. Au let
ters are subject to condensd-
tton. Those not used tDtn be
returned only iDhen accom-
panied BY self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-08-08

Ambassador Adlai Steven
son told reporters Saturday
that Russian Premier Nikita
Khrushchev doesn't want
war over Berlin" He went on
to say that "the elements of
some solution or postpone
mers Of a serious crisis are
there"
Mr.. Stevenson, our Am
bassador to the United Ma
tions, failed to give any
indication of what Mr.. Khru-
shchev does want, or what he
will actually do to accom-
plish his ends. This in a
nutshell is the crucial ques-
ton. Mr.. Khrushchev has
said over and over again that
he intends to write a peace
treaty with East Germany.
Whether he will again post
pone writing such a treaty
and all that implies remains
to be seen-also, the price
he will demand of the West
for such action.
The Russian Premier's
announcements and notes
to the Western powers vary
from turbulence to concilia-
ton. He is like a chameleon
on a Scotch plaid. He an
swered President Kennedy's
address to the Nation on
West Berlin and the arms
buildup yesterday with a
speech to the Russian people.
In that speech he showed no
weakening. He promised to
meet force with force. Just
how conciliatory Mr.. Steven
son will consider this latest
pronouncement is another
question.
One report is that Mr..
Khrushchev, at the same
time Mr.. Stevenson made his
statement that the Russian
does not want war, said that
If the United States at
tempted an airlift to supply
West Berlin over a Commu-
mist blockade (Which proved
successful during another
crisis over West Berlin dur
ing the Truman administra-
tion), the planes would be
shot down. This report did
not indicate any conciliatory
attitude on the part of the
Russian.
At Variance With President
President Kennedy has not
indicated any belief, so far,
in Mr.. Khrushchev's good
will or desire for amicable
adjustment of our differ
ences over the Berlin ques-
ton. 1t seems strange, to say
the least, that our Ambassa-
dor to the United Nations
should speak of Cancellation
and possible adjustment
while the President of the
United States has gone all
out to warn the people of
the seriousness of the Berlin
crisis and to make them
understand they may have
to fight. The whole idea of
Mr.. Kennedy has been to
shake the people out of COM
placency. Mr.. Stevenson's
comments, If taken seriously,
could lure some Of the people,
at least, back into the COM
placency against which the
President has warned.
How long can this kind Of
thing 60 on2 It is evident
Evening star., 1961-08-08
WhittIesey Fan

AS usual, the best-told
golf story - this time the
PGA-was in The Star. Your
man Whittlesey has q way
with words.
Thomas L. McKevitt.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-09-28
Eye Research Center

Continued from Page All
DR.. Peckham the biophysics de-
partment. A department of mi
crobiology is now being formed.
A number of grants for basic
research has been given the
foundation by governmental
agencies, including NH, Office