davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-06
The Goiner-Pot Brown

Former Governor "Goodie" Knights
much-advertised exposure of the alleged
attempt to entice him out of the Cali
fornia Republican primary has fallen
somewhat short Of its mark.
The former Governor said several
days ago that an "emisSary" of Richard
Nixon offered him any job in the State,
including the post of Chief Justice, If
he would get out of the race and leave
the field to the former Vice President
But the proof is lacking
1t is agreed that Mr.. Knight had a
telephone conversation with one ].
Howard Edgerton, former supporter of
his who is now backing Mr.. Nixon.
Although Mr.. Edgerton undoubtedly
said something about an appointive job
for Mr. Knight, their detailed versions
Of the conversation are poles apart. And
Mr.. Edgerton insists that "any state
ment" he made was completely without
Dick Nixon's knowledge and certainly
without any authority" Mr.. Knights
basis for his accusation is his uncon-
firmed claim that Mr.. Nixon had said
last August that he would communi-
cate with him thereafter "only through
Mr.. Edgertop."
From all this, two differences are
possible. One Is that a Job offer actually
was made to Mr.. Knight to induce him
to withdraw. This certainly is not an I'M
common political tactic and, except for
the fact that such an offer might be a
violation of California law, no one would
get very excited about it. The other Is
that Mr.. Knight, still embittered by the
way he was dealt out Of the governor
ship race in 1858, for which he blames
Mr.. Nixon, has exaggerated the nature
of his conversation with Mr.. Edgerton.
If this is the case, 1t follows that he is
willing to destroy his party's chances II,
in the process, he can also destroy Mr..
Nixon.
The latter has said that Mr..
Edgerton's statement completely re-
pudiateS this whole ridiculous charge"
True enough, the Edgerton statement
does repudiate the charge. But that is
not the same thing as disproving it, and
serious damage probably has been done
to the gubernatorial prospects Of both
Mr.. Nixon and Mr.. Knight. In Republi-
can family fight Of this kind there can
be only one beneficiary, and in this
instance he is Democratic Governor Pat
Brown, who is running for reelection.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-06
Calm in Crisis

We are now living In q
world of uncertainty. For
years we have gone our way,
hoping that if we only lived
normally the Communist
threat would go away.
We have tried in every
conceivable way to deal with
a regime that obviously can
not be dealt with, except on
its own terms. While we have
been doing it, Mr.. Khru-
shchev has used the time to
build huge bombs to propa-
gandize the rest of the world,
TO insult an American Presi-
dent, to build a wall through
Berlin arrogantly proclaim
ing to the world that he
never intends to give up East
Germany.
Now he Is trying to terror
lie the world by poisoning
the air with nuclear explo-
.sions and threats to destroy
Europe with his vast war
potential.
He may have scared the
neutral nations at Belgrade
which is evident by their
wishy = washy stand, but
Americans don't scare easily.
Mr.. KhruShchev had better
think back over a little his
tory. which records dictatorS
of the goth century whose
ambition was destruction,
slavery and mastery of the
world. Need we remind him
Of the Kaiser. Hitler, Musso-
lini, TOTO and others2 They
have gone to their just
rewards.
From all that is happen
ing in the world today, we
must admit we are living in
a time Of crisis. engineered
by the Kremlin, but as a
Nation we are not scared,
Herman M. Young.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-06
Halls Boycotters

AS leaders and men whose
every move has q particular
effect, Secretary Of Interior
Udall and Commissioner To-
briner could have rational
lied their absence from the
Redskins opening game and,
thereby. let the sleeping
dog" of discrimination lie. 1t
must have required a consid-'
cradle amount Of resistance to
remain away, and a stupen-
dous amount Of courage to
state publicly that their alb
sence was a protest against
the discriminatory practice
of the Redskins management
in the selection Of football
players. Hats off to them!
In the racial diScrimina-
tory practices Of the Red
skins management, preju-
dice, bigotry, custom and
tradition are dressed in their
finest and parade down
Main Street." but not with
out difficulty when they
meet examples like these set
by Secretary Udall and Com
missioner Tobriner. And the
days of such practices are
numbered II enough others
in similar situations follow
suit.
Colbert H. Pearson,
Minister, Berean Baptist
Church
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-06
Why's and Wherefores of Civil Defense

With reference to meas
ures in private homes to pro-
vide shelter from thermonu-
clear fallout, I am greatly
disturbed by the negative
attitude which seems to be
widespread, based on the as
sumption either that there
will not in any circumstances
be an about Soviet attack
or, alternatively. that If 1t
does occur, protective meas
ureS will be futile. Those who
take this attitude either
overlook or underrate two
vital points.
Cd Notwithstanding that,
as the civil defense PAM
phlets clearly explain, fatal
tiles Especially those from
fallout) would be greatly re-
duced by fore-sighted meas
ures (many Of them simple
and inexpensive) for self
protection, the idea seems to
persist that the big blast
would be decisive and COM
pletely annihilating.
Cd What seems to be
completely overlooked by
most Of these persons is that
protective measures on a
massive scale should, in
themselves, be a deterrent to
Soviet attack. For they would
be evidence of a determine
ton by our people to face
up to the Soviet challenge,
to survive any surprise at
tack, and to continue to
exist as a bastion Of the free
world after our counter
attack has brought home to
the Soviet Cor what remains
of it, the catastrophe con-
sequences of its reckless
folly.
Unfortunately, in this
matter, too many people
seem to be caught somewhere
in between the Scylla of
complacency and Charybdis
of fatalism, and also to be
quite oblivious to the deter
rent aspect Of civil defense.
Lynn r. Edminster.
y
A new challenge faces
every American today-pre-
paredness for survival.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-06

ness. But we must begin now
for tomorrow could be too
late. Civil defense needs
you. You need civil defense!
Now.
Vera Dolores Bromley.
y Il
Are the American people
about to be taken in by the
latest Madison avenue type
campaign, that they can sur
vive an H-bomb attack by a
shelter program?
Have they been told how
civil defense is going to take
care of the following?
The bomb blast is followed
by a fire storm; everything
combustible burns, the air
temperature rises, creating q
huge baking oven. Will all
s h elters be Theoretically
sealed to keep out the over
heated air? How will above
ground shelters (there are
many such advertised keep
from baking their occupants?
II air is kept out to protect
against the fire storm and
also radioactive dust, what
provision is being made for
an oxygen system to provide
breathing air for a family
for a period up to two weeks?
How about city apartment
jewellers? They cannot build
family shelters. Consider the
fact that there may not be
sufficient warning to take
cover. Imagine being in a
5 O'Clock traffic jam, hearing
the warning and having up
to 10 minutes to get into a
shelter. Consider that Suffi-
Gent debris can cover a shell
ter so that it will be imposs-
ible to get out, converting 1t
into a living tomb.
And what are people to do
Of by some miracle they
survive everything else)
when they come out to a
scene of total destruction?
1t is time for the American
people to wake up! There is
only one real solution. Re-
solve today to work for peace
and disarmament. Our real
enemy is war itself.
A. Bloom.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-06
New Judgeship Problems

Chief Justice Warren has expressed
qualification over the enlargement of
the Federal judiciary but he also has
expressed concern over new court
problems created by the 70 additional
judgeships. For it now appears that
Congress, while willing to give the
courts even more judges than had been
requested by the Judicial Conference
and the Department of Justice, failed
to provide the extra space and facilities
needed in some districts to put the new
judges to work.
This unheralded hitch in the plans
for reducing the staggering backlog of
civil cases in many of the courts is
setback for litigantS who had looked
forward hopefully to early action on
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-06
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Medical Problems of Aging Studied
BY THOMAS r. HENRI

Ten million Americans now
suffer from arthritis. It is
estimated that 81 per cent of
persons over 60 become vic
Tins of some form of this
Gripping malady.
This is revealed in a re-
port to a national committee
on medical problems of the
aging, headed by DR.. Ewald
w. BusSe Of Duke University.
The disease may be var
iously designated as govt,
rheumatism, rheumatoid ar
Thrills or osteoporosiS. All
belong to the same pernicious
family.
Although the basic causes
of these diseases remain I'M
known, says the report, real
progress has been made in
controlling some of them.
Bone Research Intensified
Within the last decade"
says the report. "the field
of bone research has had a
marked resurgence of activity.
Numerous new ideas have
been stimulated regarding the
dynamic nature of bone as
living tissue. One of the most
promising areas of research
concerns the concept of auto
immunity as the cause of
various diseases. 1t is sus-
pected that individuals de-
velop such a disease because
they are representative to
substances normally present
in the human body.
Partial support for this
concept has come from de-
tailed studies of the rheuma-
told factor which is found in
the blood of most arthritics
and which has many of the
properties of an antibody. No
specific antigen has been
found, however, and the sub
ject remains highly specula-
tive.
Gaps in our knowledge re-
quiring investigation include
the precise role of obesity as
a contributing cause, and the
role of occupations, especially
those involving heavy labor"
The influence of hormoneS
secreted by the body's glands
also is being studied all over
the world but little of sig
nificance has yet turned up.
- y \
Accurate maps Of the
world ocean" now are essen
tial both for economy and de-
tense.
This is reported by a special
committee of the National
Academy of Sciences made up
of the foremost American
oceanographers. Worldwide.
ocean deep surveys will be
necessary in preparation of
such maps.
Through the ages" says
the committees report to the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-06
WATCHING THE WORLD
By CROSBY S. MOVES
For a Clear and Consistent Line
Foreign Correspondent Of The Star

President de Gaulle, for sx-
ample, as between Dean
Acheson and Dean Rusk.
In any event, Mr.. Aron
speaks for a substantial body
of European opinion and
some Americans as well
when he applies his argu-
ments and his conclusions to
the present situation in Ber-
lin. So far as these people
are concerned, the dangers
of divided counsel and the
spirit of compromise are
most acute in meeting Mr..
Khrushchev's threats to the
former German capital. And
they are only too evident
in the administrations re-
Spouse to the threat so far.
Hit FIexibility Emphasis
In contrast to the reaction
at home, Mr.. Kennedy'sz re-
cent speech to the United
Nations was widely criticized
here because of the emphasis
on flexibility over Berlin and
the implication of a willing
ness to compromise. Since
then, despite reassurances
from Washington, there has
been considerable nervous
ness over the talks between
Mr.. Rusk and Mr.. Gromyko
in New York ending with the
invitation to the White
House.
The anxiety boils down to
one essential point: Whether
Mr.. Khrushchev is really con-
WINGED now that the United
States and it allies are pre-
pared to fight a nuclear war
If necessary to defend their
rights in Berlin. If he is,
then the relative optimism
of Washington and the move
toward negotiations may be
justified. If he is not-and
many Europeans are not con-
fident on this point-the
danger is very real.
, In these matters, it is
argued, actions are likely to
be more persuasive than
words. Such things as the
lack of a Western response
to the sealing off of East
Berlin in August, the slow
ness Of the military buildup
in Western Europe, the en-
phasis of conventional, rather
than nuclear weapons, the
continuing public discussion
of possible concessions in Ber-
lin-all these, it is feared.
may have more influence on
Mr.. Khrushchev's appraisal
of Western intentions than
anything Mr.. Rusk may have
told Mr.. Gromyko in New
York.
What is at steh., - the
opinion of these European
critics, is not merely the fate
of some two million people in
West Berlin. The real stake
is the capacity Of the Presi-
dent of the United States to
convince Mr.. Khrushchev
that he will not at any cost
submit to blackmail. And for
this it is felt that the fateful
decisions being made In
Washington today should
follow a clearer and more
consistent line than has
been shown so far. ,"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-06
Another WAITING Game

On the day last month when new
District revenue legislation collapsed in
controversy on Capitol Hill, it was
evident that money to finance reason
able 1868 fiScal-year budget would fall
dismally short. Now, with the sub
mission of budget recommendations to
the Commissioners by their staff, the
fruits of that failure are all too clear.
Accordingly the staff has proposed
what it calls bare-bones budget of
S261.5 million representing all the
revenues now in sight from existing
Sources), with supplemental list of
expenditures which the staff considers
necessary, but which would require that
an additional $22.4 million in cash be
found.
A year ago, faced with a somewhat
similar dilemma, the Commissioners
sent an unbalanced budget to Congress,
in the hope that sufficient new revenues
would be approved before the end of
the session to make up the difference.
This time, that course of action ap-
parently has been forbidden by con-
gressional appropriations leaders, and
in our opinion it is just as well
For this kind of maneuvering at
best is sloppy budgeting. And from a
more practical point of view, the ex-
perience of the last year has shown
that it does not work. While number
Of issues contributed to the failure of
the revenue legislation, not the least
of them was state of total confusion
and disagreement in both the House
and the Senate over precisely how much
new revenue actually was needed.
So the only alternative left to the
Commissioners now is to draft a budget
within the limits Of $2615 million that
can be sent to Congress in January,
and simultaneously to press at that
time for such new revenues as are
needed to pay for whatever additional
expenditures they consider essential.
The authorization for these additional
expenditures could be requested in one
of the supplemental budgets, after the
revenues for them are provided.
While they are waiting, however,
there are two things the Commissioners
should and must do if this procedure
is to succeed. The first is to trim fat
off the basic budget wherever it can be
found, and to make certain that 1t
includes only top-priority items. The
second is to Justify the additional re-
quirements in statement so clear and
forceful that there can be no doubt in
either house of Congress about the
necessity for them. If this is done-if
it can be shown without question that
the additional projects are essential
surely the chances will be greatly
enhanced that the additional revenues
will be provided.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-06

We have entered q new and
fearful age, one most of us
had hoped would remain be-
tween the covers of science
fiction novels. or be relegated
to horrible flights of fancy.
America has never failed to
conquer any challenge. Our
people must learn how to
protect themselves and those
dependent upon them, so that
we as a nation may endure.
We can assure ourselves of
survival if only we will pre-
pare! This is a new age that
calls for new thinking. Past
methods are obsoleScent!
We must all back civil de-
Tense and become part of it,
for it will be our guide to
preservation Of life for our
selves and those who come
after us.
Americans will be called
upon to face even greater
sacrifices than ever the Brit
onS faced in World War II,
for the menace is greater, the
enemy more Goddess.
The time for apathy is past;
this is for real. America Is
you. and you are a vital part
Of your country. Your ener-
gy, capability, resourcefulness
and cooperation, not to men,
ton sacrifice are needed in
the critical days ahead.
Everything depends upon a
realistic new viewpoint. Pres
ident Kennedy has been
straightforward in his speech
on our dangers.
I, for one, will be willing,
gladly, to sacrifice everything
I am or hope to have, to work
tirelessly for the preservation
of every life I can by becom-
ing an active part Of civil
defense.
Each Of US should start
planning now, working now,
so that If the holocaust of nu-
clear war should ever touch
our shores we will be pre-
pared to help fight for sur
Yival.
We should pledge to
make it possible to help cut
loss of life to the very basic
minimum by this prepared
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-06

Academy, man, a land
bound animal, has mapped
the land areas with ever
increasing detail, but accurate
maps of the ocean basins
exist only for portions Of their
shallow rims. Only the gross
features of shape and struc-
ture are known for 90 per cent
of the ocean floor that lies
beyond the continental
shelves. Z
ocean maps must not only
show the shape of the bottom
but must depict sediments,
gravitational and magnetic
fields, and the three dimen-
sional distributions of tenn
perature. density. currents
and other properties. includ-
ing the abundance of marine
creatures and the productivity
of the inner space of the
oceans"
Many practical applications
depend, says the report. on
understanding great world
wide interrelationships, espe-
cially in fields Of long range
weather forecasting and fish
cries development. Present
daily weather forecasts, the
committee says. ARE only
partially satisfactory and
thoroughly unsatisfactory for
a week, a month, or longer.
Oceans Affect Weather
The oceans and the at
mosphere form a gigantic
heat engine whose fuel is the
sun. 1t Is well known that the
oceans affect the weather
months and perhaps more
than a year ahead, but we
lack data to predict these
changes. We know something
of how the general ocean cur
rents carry heat from one
place to another. If we I'M
derstood better the circula-
ton and the heat engine that
drives it we might predict
. climate and even find how to
change climate at will"
The seas, the report
stresses, will be a food source
of ever = increasing impor-
lance as the world population
grows. A thorough knowledge
of the distribution of sea life
will be essential.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-06
Mans Inhumonity

The causes Of aggressive
war are not territorial aspir-
atoms. political ambitions,
or anything else so logical.
These are merely the excuses.
The cause is simply that
man enjoys inflicting suffer-
ing and death. He is, you see,
the most vicious of all ami
mails.
Some good people will dis
agree. supporting the wea-
sci, said to kill for the sheer
JOY of slaughter, the wolver-
inc. the Tasmanian devil. and
similar carnivora. I doubt
that the survivors of the
death march" on Bataan, or
those who escaped alive the
torture chambers of Belsen,
the OGPU and Dachau would
concur.
Nor would the various nom
human creatures slain for
sport" - especially the over
the-limit wild fowl, shot and
left to drift away because
bringing it in would make the
bag illegal, or the excess fish
thrown back into the water
to die after the application of
the disgorger to remove the
hook from its alimentary
tract.
. 1t took the ingenuity and
malignity Of man to invent
such simple devices as the
cangue and carcan, the more
complex thumbscrew an d
rack. let alone the ganch, the
stake. and crucifixion. II in
venting them is madly evil.
then how about using them
on a fellow creature? w h a t
kinds of people would do
this? Why. almost any kind;
the position Of tormentor has
never gone vacant for long.
What cruel act have you
committed this year2 Perhaps
you didn't lash your child,
beat your dog, kick your cat,
or black your wife's eye, but
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-06
JobIess Solution

According to a recent press
report, the Federal payroll in
Washington has risen to
more than $4,000 employees,
only $4,000 short Of the all
time high. This indicates
that the administration is
well on the way toward Solv-
ing the unemployment prob
lem. OF course, there are still
some Republicans walking
the streets and our hearts
bleed for them-but that's
politics.
Angus Sinclair.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-06

didn't you want to? Not even
once?
Will there be another war?
Why, ones going on right
now, with people wounding or
killing each other to the ut
most of their ability, and
convinced they are doing
only what is right and good.
That's the way people are,
aren't we?
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-06

PARIS.
President Kennedy is get
ting plenty of advice these
days from one source or an
other, and the latest from
this part of the world is
that he might do well to
get rid of some of his cur
rent advisers.
The suggestion comes from
Raymond Aron, one of the
shrewdest of the European
eggheads. Writing the other
day in lie Figaro" Mr.. Aron
notes that Mr.. Kennedy
with the confidence of the
great Presidents" has ar
ranged to surround himself
with advisers of every breed.
The result is that he is ex--
posed to every possible shade
of opinion inspired by widely
varying PHILOSOPHERS in every
situation that confrontS him.
"Such an organization has
advantages" continues the
writer in his open letter to
the President. There is no
danger Of your ignoring one
of the possible choices. But
it presents one terrible dan
ger: A man like you in the
situation in which you find
yourself with the crushing
responsibilities which you are
condemned to assume is in
evitably tempted not to follow
one of the conceivable pol
icieS to the end.
"On every subject you hear
some men who tell you black
and others who tell you
white. 1t has happened al
ready that you have chosen
gray. Well, in foreign policy
the half-measure and the
compromise usually COM
pound the drawbacks of the
two possible policies"
Painful as it may be, the
bitter lesson Of Cuba should
not be lost. Between the
plan as drawn up by the
Eisenhower administration,
which called for an invasion
by Cuban exiles supported
by American air and naval
strength, and the counsel of
those who advised against
the whole operation, the
President chose a middle
course. The Cubans were
sent in without support and
with disastrous results.
"Khrushchev," observes Mr.
Aron, has not forgotten it
And what you see-and we
see along with you-as proof
Of moderation he has seen
he cannot help having seen
as proof of weakness"
Allies Policies Conflict
The writer might have
added that the problem OF
conflicting advice is not en-
tirely confined to the inner
circles of the administra-
ton. Much of the time, in
fact, it has seemed that Mr.
Kennedy has sought the
middle way-not only be-
tween his own advisers but
also between the conflicting
policies Of his major allies.
There has been at least as
much trouble taken to COM
promise the differences be-
tween British Prime Minis
ter Macmillan and French
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-06
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDrtters' correct
names and addresses. An let
terS are subject to condenSn-
ton. Those not used mill be
returned only tUhen accom-
panied by self = addressed,
stamped enUeIopeS.