davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-08-31
Suosion and British Labor Peace

Gently, however, one OF the
largest unions, the electrical
trades union, with 100000
m e bers, was suspended
from the national organiza-
tion-the Trades Union Con-
gress-because many Of its
officers are Communists or
are sympathetic with Com
muniSt aims. These officials
could not possibly have been
elected if the members had
not been indifferent and
failed to attend union meet
ings and vote.
There is no question but
that Moscow has recognized
clearly one Of the weaknesses
of the free world-its labor
problemS-and has gradually
infiltrated in important
unions, making disputes more
and more difficult to settle.
This is all the more reason
why craftsmanship is so
necessary nowadays to bring
about the settlement Of labor
management problems.
Copyright, 1861
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-08-31
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

The House kills Federal aid to schools. congressman
think this education business getting dangerous In fact
last fall voters savvy they almost beat both major
candidates
Big-name Republican leaders urge Nixon to run for
California Governor to help win the Far West In fact
Rockefeller and Goldwater would go farther-and
him to run for Governor of Guam.
It's confusing. In the newspapers the is Russia
But you watch the late show we're still fighting Germany
The Communist bloc is cnch to raise bumper crop
Olympic pole vauters It's the only to get out
over that barbed wire.
After his settlement of the Metropolitan Opera labor
dispute Labor Secretary Goldberg being hailed
in Washington who gets things DONE Just the to
handle the next Cuban invasion.
Fellow says voted for Kennedy in 1860 because it
time Catholic President, but will vote against him in
"a because it's time Democrat wasn't.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-08-31
Judge CounseIs
Pigeon Thief, ID

Juvenile Court Judge Orm w
Ketcham gave a l4-year-old
Southwest Washington boy O
little advice yesterday about
the right way to build a pigeon
flock.
The youth admitted he and
a friend stole rs racing pigeons
one night last February. The
boy told the judge he wanted
to turn the birds into "homers.
Judge Ketcham said it was
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-08-31
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Rushing Into Khrushchev's Hands

something. But simultane-
ously with these gestures,
Washington, London and
Rome let it be known to the
world that the situation was
so tense and full Of danger
to the peace Of the world
that a meeting with Mr..
Khrushchev at the earliest
convenient time must be held.
The Russian dictator had
not miscalculated.
On the surface the Soviet
Union is not directly in
volved. It is the sovereign
Peoples Republic of East
Germany" which has taken
the restrictive measures to
defend herself against "es-
pionage, Saboteurs and black
marketers." The Soviet
Union, it was announced,
stands firmly as usual be-
hind her allies. A number of
Red divisions were brought
to the Russian zone and
Marshal Ivan Konev, one of
the heroes Of the last war,
was placed in command.
TODAY despite Gen. de
Gaulle's stubborn opposition
to rushing to a summit con-
ference, the betting in Eu-
rope is that the other powers
will make their approach to
the Kremlin boss. This will
add another feather to his
cap by having won another
victory over the powerful
West by his usual method Of
bluff and blackmail.
Perhaps at the time when
the NATO was at its lowest
ebb, such an attitude by the
Western powers might have
been described as necessarily
circumspect. But today when
the Allied forces are strong
although not yet at their
peak-and when there is a
definite will in America and
Europe to stop Mr.. Khru-
shchev's nibbling tactics, this
rush to negotiate appears
from this side as ludicrous,
especially when conditions in
the Soviet Union are such
that Mr.. Khrushchev cannot
pull the trigger.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-08-31
DAVID LAWRENCE

In England this writer had
an opportunity in recent days
to discuss with top men in
the field Of labor-manage-
ment relations the problem
Of avoiding strikes.
Great Britain has made
considerable progress in this
area by what might be called
moral suasion instead of law.
This is Of particular interest
to America, where in recent
years one administration
after another has been
cropping for such a solution.
Not all is rosy in England,
to be sure. At the moment,
for instance, labor is pro-
testing vociferously against
the plans Of the chancellor
of the exchequer, Selwyn
Lloyd, to bring about what is
called a wage pause" This
has thus far affected only
the civil servants, whose wage
increases have been halted
because Mr.. Lloyd, as head
of the British Treasury, sees
ahead some storms in the
balance -of-payment prob
lens.
Mr.. Lloyd also has proposed
a national economic planning
agency which, though not a
part Of the government,
would be an independent
body consisting of national
representatives of the unions
and the employers and prob
ably himself. 1t would provide
information and statistical
data about the national econ
omy to help it Ito operate"
The Trades Union Con-
gress-The national organ
ization of British labor I'M
ions-haS frowned on the
plan because of a fear it
would brush aside the exist
ing informal but effective
arbitration machinery.
In Great Britain, the set
ting of labor disputes in
wolves a minimum of gov
ernmental interv ention.
While the procedures devel-
oped separately in each in
dustry over the years differ
widely, they share one APP
proach-to bring the nation
al interest to bear on local
disputes as a way of reach
ing compromises. Approx
mately 5000 disputes a year
are settled at one stage or
another by the procedures
agreed upon by both sides.
This approach began back in
the 1905 and has been de-
veloping ever since.
In the engineering trades,
for example, the procedures
operate in three stages. If a
dispute cannot be settled in
formally, a works confer
ence" is set up at the factory,
with management on one
side and the shop stewards
representing the union on
the other. The meeting may
call in outside advice from
the local employers asSocia-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-08-31
Much Progress in Union-Monogement
Field Credited to Moral Consideration

ton and the district officials
Of the union.
If the two sides can't agree,
either can demand the sec
ond stage of the negotiation
"a conference which takes
place, not in the local factory,
but in one of the centers
where the employers asSocia-
ton and the unions have
their district offices. This is
at the district level. At this
stage, more than half the
disputes sent up from the
factory level have been set
tied.
But if no agreement is
forthcoming, the dispute is
taken up by the central con-
ference, which meets on the
second Friday Of every month
throughout the year. This is
the highest level of negotia-
ton in the engineering in-
dustry, and it is attended by
members of the national
bodies on both sides.
Other industries use SINH
lar procedures. The IRON
and-steel industry, for in
stance, sends down to the
local level national repre-
sentatives Of both manage
ment and labor. They work
from the top down, but the
effect is the same.
Other industries in Britain
use governmental arbitration
machinery, and others have
no formal procedure.
But the thing to remember
about British industrial re-
lations is that agreements
between management and
labor on a national level do
not have the legal status of
a contract as in the United
States. They are more or less
in the form Of "gentlemen's
agreements" This Is a weak
ness in the system, because it
has led to a large number Of
wildcat strikes.
The influence of Commu-
nists inside labor unions in
Europe is being felt more
and more. Top officials Of
the labor unions deny the
Communists WELD any such
influence. Indeed, they point
proudly to the fact that a
relatively small number of
workers are identified with
the Communist Party. But
this is a naive approach. The
Communists in Moscow have
long been operating through
only a handful of persons in
many a national organiza-
ton. These agents are re-
Sponsible for stirring up all
kinds of antagonisms and for
agitating extreme positions.
Communist influence in
labor unions is small in the
Scandinavian countries, but
it is growing in France and
in Italy. 1t has played a
part also in British trade
union affairs, though the
British are not willing to ad-
nit that it has caused any
considerable damage. Re-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-08-31

ROME, Italy.-The fear
expressed some weeks ago by
some realists in the political
and military world that we
would bail out Premier Khru-
shchev at a time when condi-
tons in the Soviet Union and
the satellite states were at
their worst-for him-iS now
by way of being realized.
Despite President de
Gaulle's definite opposition to
the Vests making overtures
to the Kremlin for negotia-
ton to solve the Berlin prob
lem and other pending diff
culties,. Washington, London
and even Bonn are anxious
for a summit meeting.
Gen. de Gaulle's initial OPP
position to the Western
powers urging negotiation
with Mr.. Khrushchev was
based on incontrovertible
evidence that things in the
USSR were at their worst
economically and at the same
time the political and eco
nomic situation in East Ger
many had become desperate.
Under these conditions,
Gen. de Gaulle argued, why
not let the Russians come to
us and suggest that we meet
to discuss not only Berlin but
everything else? We would
then be at a great advantage
by condescending to talk with
the Soviet boss. Our military
strength (all panicky reports
and rumorS about RuSsia's
superiority Notwithstanding
is such that the Russians
would not dare pun Cne
trigger.
This realistic French ap-
proach to the diplomatic
crisis is shared by the mill
tary Of the NATO. We def
nitely have the wherewithal
to make the Russians pay
dearly for any military at
tempt. And the Russian gen.
eral staff is aware Of this.
this.
Mr.. Khrushchev is a shrewd
and stubborn man, however,
Before swallowing q bitter
pill, he intended to try some
thing against the West, as
usual by proxy. That some
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-08-31

perfectly fine" for the youth
to try to develop a flock of
racing or homing pigeons, but
mot by stealing the pigeons
first"
Judge Ketcham said the boy
should buy several pigeons,
mate them" and then, through
a process the judge did not
explain further, get. your own
group Of pigeons"
The judge placed the boy on
probation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-08-31
Allies Seen Solving KremIin's Problems
By Eoqerness for Negotiations

thing was to be Berlin where
he decided to create a real
brink, pitting the East Ger
man government against the
allies in West Berlin.
There were, according to
responsible informants, two
plans. One, the most daring
and likely to cause a real
explosion, was to order the
East German forces to raid
a sector preferably not
Americana and take it over.
Mr.. Khrushchev is reported to
have toyed with that idea as
being the most spectacular.
But it could have involved a
shooting problem which could
occur before the whole matter
could be brought before the
United Nations. The Russian
generals repeatedly said nyet.
The second plan, which
was put into effect on the
night of August Is, was then
decided on. 1t involved less
risk, especially If the closing
of all communications be-
tween the Eastern and West
ern city was to be done by
piecemeal. Mr.. Khrushchev's
expectations were fulfilled.
The step-by-Step measures
taken by Walter Ulbricht
after several days of discus
sions in Moscow with the
Russians and the prime min
listers Of the satellite coun-
tries created only an aca-
demic reaction in Washing
ton, London and Paris.
The closing Of the avenues
between free and Communist
Berlin brought the usual
meaningless protests. The
frame of mind in Washing
ton and London was there
is nothing we can do about
it except make diplomatic
representations" Even the
decision to send Vice Presi-
dent johnson and token re-
Inducements was taken only
after President Kennedy re-
ceived agonizing cries from
Chancellor Adenauer and
Berlin Mayor Brandt to dc
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-08-31

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East Cleveland leader. [volume] (East Cleveland, Ohio) 1942-1970, 1961-10-26
EXCEPTIONALLY FINE
FURNISHINGS

2 RUGS. 9xl2: storm windows, varl-
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FRIGIDAIRE double oven range,
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DELUXE Tappan range. used &
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East Cleveland leader. [volume] (East Cleveland, Ohio) 1942-1970, 1961-10-26
FOR SALE-BQATS
FOR SAlE-BICYClES

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East Cleveland leader. [volume] (East Cleveland, Ohio) 1942-1970, 1961-10-26
TRAILERS

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East Cleveland leader. [volume] (East Cleveland, Ohio) 1942-1970, 1961-10-26

WE'RE sorry our lines are so busy
you can't reach us by phone be-
fore noon on Wednesday; Why
not save by mailing your Classi-
fled Ad into us with Stamps,
Coin. Check, Money order: 75c
for Is words. Be sure II reaches
Us before IL noon Wednesday.
Evening star., 1961-05-29
Negro Reports
a Attacked Him

SUMTER, s. c., May 90
(AP).-Police say Herman K,
Harris. 21-year-old Negro stu
dent at Morris College here,
reported four men abducted
him Saturday night and
slashed him repeatedly with a
knife.
In Charleston, the Rev. I.
DeQuincey ewman, State
head of the NAACP, said the
letters xxx, symbol of the
Ku KluX Klan, and numerous
crosses were carved on Mr..
Harris legs and chest. He said
an appeal to the Justice De-
partment was planned.
Mr.. Harris, who has partici-
pated in Sit-in demonstrations
against segregation here, said
he was unable to identify the
men who forced him into their
car near the college, but he be-
lieved three were young white
men.
Police Chief E. E. Mcintosh
said his department and sher-
ifs deputies were investigat-
ing. He said Mr.. Harris wounds
were superficial.
Evening star., 1961-05-29
S. WHITE

The Freedom Riders" who
had gone into the South os-
tensibly to offer lawful chal-
lenge to racial segregation
are losing any claim to moral
credit. They are wearing out
their welcome even with a
basically sympathetic Ken
nedy Administration. They
are riding, among other des-
tinations, to a fall.
Already, the more respon-
Sible men, Negro and white,
in the civil rights movement
are becoming alarmed and
embarrassed by these cru
Saders.
1t is becoming obvious to
the fair-minded of both
races, even in the North, that
the real purpose of these peo-
pie is not thoughtful protest
but rather batting provoca-
ton; not an advance for the
Negro race but rather per-
sonal publicity.
If the rest of the South will
now be sensible and patient,
and totally avoid the evil mob
actions by white-trash hand
fuls in Alabama which by any
standard were indefensible,
this less than noble expert
ment will die on it's feet for
the cheap hucksterism it has
plainly become.
1t is thus within the power
Of the South itself now to
check, at least, the great and
irreparable harm already
done to that section and to
the Nation by the white ir-
responsibles, the extremists,
in Alabama. These fell into
just the trap the Freedom
Riders" had prepared for
them. They so conducted
themselves as to make even
the Freedom Riders" look
good.
Attorney General Robert F.
Kennedy's firm and COOL
headed handling of the Ala
bama episodes has fully es-
tablished a personal maturity
OF judgment which many had
questioned that at 35 he
could possess.
BY sending civilian Federal
marshals into Alabama-and
mostly marshals of Southern
background at that-to vim
dicate law and order he took
a course not only right but
also wise. He avoided the
mereSt suggestion of Federal
troops and Federal bayonets
and all that. And in the proc
ess he supported not the
Freedom Riders" as such,
but rather the undoubted
right Of every American to be
free Of hoodlum violence.
The distinction is immense,
and Of the highest impor-
tance. But the leaders of the
Freedom Riders" headed by
Evening star., 1961-05-29
Remarkable Outcome in Texas

has been high. and many
Democrats still insist he
would get as big a vote today
in Texas as he did last No
vember, the Republicans We
hemently say this isn't so.
They argue that the large
vote in Texas for the Repub-
lican ticket last week end was
a vote against the New
Frontier"
Certainly both candidates
indicated in the campaign
that they were against the
proposals generally identified
with the "New Frontier" con-
cept. So it is hard to say
what was in the minds of the
60 per cent of the Texans
who voted seven months ago
but chose not to go to the
polls this time.
1t is contended, on the
other hand, that a total vote
of about 100000 is better
than the average public
opinion poll and certainly
indicates a trend. However
this may be, the fact remains
that a State which gave it's
electoral votes to Mr.. Ken
nedy last November by a mar
gin Of $4,000 now goes on
record with a substantial re-
duction for his party. And
there wasn't any religious
issue involved this time,
either, since both senatorial
candidates are Protestants.
Despite all the rationalized
explanations, this election will
be heralded as a setback for
the administration
For those who like to deal
in "ifs," it might be sug-
gested also that, had Mr..
Kennedy announced during
his campaign that he would
order United States marShals
to help the Freedom Riders"
to Invade" any Southern
State, he might have lost the
"a electoral votes Of Texas
and enough in Alabama and
Georgia to have wiped out al
together the 31-vote margin
of electoral votes that won
him the presidency.
(copyright, 196)
Evening star., 1961-05-29
FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

Republican Senator Scott urges college grads to take
five minutes day to think. It's safe amount Anything
five minutes day might make Democrats of them
Democrats hold 44th birthday dinner for President
Kennedy Friends say he has aged in the last months
to say nothing of some of his fellow countrymen.
There's comfort in this tractor deal Since
donations for tractors will exempt therein be less
money for the Government getting us into trouble
next time.
The Kills plane flies 1870 miles an hour This
gives the asronautS idea Why put wings on
their next rocket-and slow the thing down?
Ohios Ray Bliss says doesn't want to be Republican
national chairman He has quarrel Republican policy
but he'll darned he get up at banquet every
night and explain why he hasn't.
We're making progress the space program than
you'd think At least people detect growing tolerance
for weightleSsness in public office.
Evening star., 1961-05-29
Election of Tower Seen as Setback,
But Not Reputation, for Kennedy

regular Democrats, the sena-
torial nominee Of that party
didn't show any enthusiasm
for it.
Lyndon johnson unwit-
tingly played a part in the
campaign, though he didn't
make any speeches. Senator
Blakley openly declared that
"LBJ' won't have any influ-
ence over me-" This won him
some anti johnson Demo-
Gratis but lost him some Of
the following which Vice
President johnson had built
up during his many years as
Senator.
On Q the Republican side,
Senator Barry Goldwater of
Arizona, who came into the
State to campaign for Mr..
Tower, was resented at first
as an intruder but, when he
made a certain humorous
comment, he got attention
and won some votes for the
Republican nominee. What
he said was that. since his
marriage and the birth of his
daughter, nothing could give
him more enjoyment than to
see LBJ, as Vice President,
administering the oath of Of
flee to a Republican who had
been elected Senator from
Texas.
This naturally pleased some
Of the anti-Johnson folks.
Over the course of years in
politics it is not surprising
that such antagonisms will
be aroused and reflect them
selves in local elections.
For the most part, the
Democratic party leaders
were faithful to Senator
Blakley, but the rank and
file were not. They showed
their lack of enthusiasm
either by voting Republican
or by staying away from the
polls altogether.
While President Kennedy's
popularity curve, according
to recent public -opinion polls,
Evening star., 1961-05-29
Administration Even Growing Cool
Toward Segregation ChoIIengers

the Rev. Martin Luther King,
have made an error charac-
teriStic of all extremists al
ways and everywhere by re-
fusing to grasp that distinc-
ton. Thus when the Attorney
General, after doing his duty
at the cost of Immediately
angering much of the South,
now turns and asks the
Freedom Riders" themselves
to show some restraint, their
answer is, of course, no"
The Rev. Mr.. Kin g
brusquely rejects Mr.. Ken
nedy's request for a cooling
off period. The thing, he
says, instead is going on and
on. The Attorney General
points out what is plain to
everybody, that mere pub
licity-seekers and others who
are seeking to serve their
own causes" are now trailing
along in this Freedom"
train.
The Rev. Mr.. King is again
unimpreSSed,
All the same, he and all
who stand with him are max
ing a mistake if they sup
pose they can push the
Attorney General (or his
brother, the PreSident) too
far in this business. The Ad-
ministration is undoubtedly,
and rightly. prepared to
maintain civil peace and
order. 1t is not by a long
shot prepared, however, to
make the Federal Govern
ment a docile stooge and pro-
tector Of an unchecked ex-
tremiSm-not even for the
Rev. Martin Luther King.
The same thing is true of
Congress. Even the ultra
liberals with inevitable ex-
ceptionS as such tireless
wavers of the bloody shirt
New York and Paul Douglas
of Illinois) are becoming a
as Senators Jacob JavitS of
bit fed up now.
To demand racial rights