davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-11-20

tivity on the western side of the
wall.
Several United States mill
tary police jeeps with mounted
machine guns cruised the bor-
der areas. Two British armored
cars were at the Brandenburg
gate.
Ten United States tanks re-
mained about 800 yards from
the FriedrichstraSSe crossing
point. Two armored personnel
carriers stood in the street
itself, where they have been fol
a month.
The operation began at 6 pm
Sunday-an unusual hour tt
start a big construction job
and shortly before West Ger
man Chancellor Adenauer ar
rived in Washington to discuss
Western strategy to get the
wall down.
Communist newspapers and
radio stations made no men,
ton of the new Notifications
this morning. This silence lent
strength to the theory that II
was being built chiefly to i'm
press the West.
Evening star., 1961-11-20
DORIS FLEEsoN
Effect of Rockefeller Divorce

That rate scared in the late
forties when many wartime
marriages were dissolved. 1t
has fallen since then as the
wartime babies grew up who
presumably held families to-
gether.
1t is said that divorce is
common in nearly every walk
OF life and that the religious
taboos no longer have their
old force.
1t cannot be said that a
President who is not divorced
is necessarily more moral
than his fellows. There are no
secrets in the inner circles of
politics and the inner life of
Presidents is common knowl-
edge there. Few pass without
marital demerits in such dis
cuSSion-just as few of the
human race, men and women,
do.
OF course. it helps a Presi-
dent to have a wife and chill
dren by his side in public, no
matter what their private
quarrels may be.
Evening star., 1961-11-20
DAVID LAWRENCE

There is a lot Of talk now
adays about extremists. "
and President Kennedy on
his trip to the Pacific Coast
devoted a large part of his
speeches to what he calls
extreme opposites."
The President spoke of
two groups of these frus-
trated citizens" who resemble
each other in that they be-
lieye that I'VE have only two
choices-appeaSement or war.
suicide or surrender, humil-
iation or holocaust" He i'm
piled there is a middle ground
-firmneSs without rigidity.
flexibility in negotiations
without advancing ANY pro-
poSals which compromise the
security of free Germans and
West Berliners, or endanger
their ties with the West"
The average man may not
quite understand the nuances
of such words, and he is
hardly to be condemned
for saying that all he wants
is for his own Government
to be resolute and stand on
principle, and not to give
the impression that it is
weakened or wavering or
begging for mercy. Many
voices are heard on foreign
policy. Conflicting state
ments by a variety of spokes-
men in the West tend to
confuse large numbers of
Americans.
But the really important
question is: What causes
all this "extremism"?
Perhaps it is easier to un-
derstand what provokes ex-
tremism when a few of the
domestic issues about which
the same complaint is made
are carefully examined. Thus,
the other day Vice President
Lyndon johnson, in a speech
at Detroit, said that The
Communists are going to
wage a war of doubt and dis
unity" and that "the lead
ers Of world communism
know that in this ugly busi-
ness they find many unwit-
ting allies within our own
Evening star., 1961-11-20
WILLIAM S. WHITE

Gov. Nelson Rockefeller of
New York is developing a
strikingly mixed national ap-
peal-very liberal on domes-
tic issues and strongly con-
servative on cold war issues
in his quest for the 1864
Republican Presidential NOM
ination.
On home matters. the voice
of Rockefeller utters views, in
things like civil rights and
social welfarism, which are
in advance Of the views, in
these areas, Of a Democratic
President, John F. Kennedy.
But on foreign matters,
this same Rockefeller voice
speaks for a harder line than
has yet been adopted by Mr..
Kennedy-or, for that mat
ter, by Rockefeller's great
rival for the G. o. P. lead
ership, Richard Nixon.
Mr.. Rockefeller is increaS-
ingly pushing President Ken
nedy to resume nuclear test
ing in the atmosphere, since
the Soviet Union has long
since broken the testing
armistice, without delay or
doubts. Moreover he is
against trying to make any
more test ban treaties for the
foreseeable future.
1t is plain, in fact. that he
has decided to challenge the
President on high foreign pol
icy to a degree that Mr.. Nixon
has not been willing to con-
Evening star., 1961-11-20
RockefeIIer's 1864 Appeal

Rockefeller could never have
been elected Governor.
Some national politicians
see this situation in simple
terms. Mr.. Rockefeller, they
think. already has the bulk
of all liberal Republican
support for the 1864 con-
venticn. So he is now trying
to cut into the conservative
backing of Mr.. Nixon and
into the ultra-conservative
backing of Senator Barry
Goldwater Of Arizona.
This correspondent regards
the theory as overly cynical.
Naive he may be, but he does
not for a moment believe that
any of the three COP. pos
Sibilities for "a is motivated,
in any issue so fateful as this.
Dy mere personal political
considerations. Nor is Presi-
dent Kennedy.
All the same - and here
is the strangest paradox Of
all - Governor Rockefeller
is evolving political posture
not unlike that held by
President Harry Truman. -
Mr.. Truman was usually
prepared to give the liberals
almost anything in the way Of
welfare legislation. But he
took a tough line, indeed, in
every question touching the
Soviet Union. He still does;
his view on nuclear testing
is about the same as that OF
Mr.. Rockefeller. ~
Evening star., 1961-11-20
WM All This 'Extremism'?

simply takes the Fifth Amend
ment and gets away with it.
What is the average man to
think when he reads that
well meaning citizens of
prominence even want to
abolish legislative committees
of Congress which have been
especially authorized to in
vestigate Communist activi-
ties in this country? Un-
reasoned extremiSm some
times results.
Extremism is to be de-
plored, but it is a natural
phenomenon in a society
where controversy flourishes.
It will not be eliminated
merely by denunciation or
excoriation. Extremists too
often are begotten by ex-
tremists Of the opposite side.
1t may behoove some Of the
technically minded in the ju-
dietary, for instance, to re-
study the doctrine of "a clear
and present danger" as ex-
pounded by the late Judge
Learned Hand. In a famous
opinion rendered in 1850 in
a case against organizers of
the Communist Party in
America, he wrote:
The question before US, and
the only one, is how long a
government, having diScov-
cred such a conspiracy, must
wait? When does the con-
spiracy become a present
danger?
True, we must not forget
our own faith; we must be
sensitive to the dangers that
lurk in any choice; but choose
we must, and we shall be
silly dupes If we forget that
again and again in the past
30 years. Just such prepara-
tions in other countries have
aided to supplant existing
governments, when the time
was ripe We hold that it
is a danger clear and pres
ent.'"
This was upheld in 1851
by the Supreme Court Of the
United States, and it is still
worth pondering by the lex
tremists" Of the present day
in the judiciary who, even in
the midst of a cold war" are
obsessed with the virtues of
legal technicality.
(Copyright, 196D
Evening star., 1961-11-20
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

Khrushchev calls join in working disarma-
ment treaty Each side would do its part He'll sign the treaty
and let us take of the disarming.
President Kennedy wants Senator Hayden Of Arizona to
run for reelection at a. Jack has aged lot since naugua
tonand wants another mature to help him control
all those wild kids in the administration.
The Agriculture department says the food marketing
spread is widening Every father knows that He notices
it after dinner Sunday-when he tries refasen
belt buckle
Business note: Russian publishers having profitable
year, Every time Nkita opens his mouth all existing history
books instantly become obsolete.
One TV program has muffed the mayhem It's true they
give you hour violence but everybody the
hospital and gets well before the final commercial.
Women getting smarter Instead of going party
and getting black bags under their they paint the
black bags over their eyes-and then to the party
Evening star., 1961-11-20
Governors 1864 Chances Seen Hurt;
Conservatives Likely to Shy from Him

Democrats have had an up
hill road in many regions
where they are numerous al
though there are exceptions
to this rule, too.
The Rockefeller divorce will
remind politicians of the cir
cumstance that President
Eisenhower who joined no
church until after he became
President twice defeated the
divorced Adlai Stevenson.
No study in depth has been
made Of the impact of the
Stevenson divorce in those
contests. possibly because it
was so clear that they were
dominated by the hero father
aura which surrounded Gen.
eral Eisenhower.
Also 20 years Of Demo-
cratic rule was a handicap
any Democrat would have
had to carry. Many Ameri-
cans cling to the "time-for-
a-change" cliche no matter
what the shape of the change
for which they vote.
America has never had a
divorced President. 1t did
vote for Grover Cleveland
who admitted he possibly.
though not surely, had
fathered an illegitimate child
and was contributing to the
child's support. Many quar-
ters doubt that a Presiden-
tial candidate could do that
today and win.
But then many people
doubted that a Roman Cath
olic. particularly a young and
untried one, could be elected
President. Kennedy support
ers are among those who feel
that Richard Nixon was the
only Republican Mr.. Kennedy
could beat. largely because
Democrats are united in their
distruSt and dislike Of Mr..
Nixon personally.
Leading S tati sticians say
that little is to be learned
from poring over the numeri-
cal story Of the prevalence of
divorce III the United States.
Evening star., 1961-11-20
His Domestic Views Called Very Liberal,
But Conservative on Cold War Issues

template. (Mr. Nixon is con-
centrating on domestic crit
icism of the Kennedy admin
iStrationD
From this Rockefeller deci-
sion, rich ironies are rising.
Here is the supposed holder
OF the copyright on liberalism
within the G. o. P. taking a
cold war line which might
as well have come direct from
the highly conservative Pen
tagon. The liberals tend to
regard the Pentagon as the
ultimate in belligerency and
"rigidity."
If there is one firm article
OF faith among them, it is
that testing in the air, be-
cause it produces atomic fall
out, is a very bad thing. They
have, on the whole, not yet
been impressed by the fact
that while fallout is undeni-
ably harmful to health, a So
Wet lead in nuclear weapons
would be perilous to sheer
national survival
1t will be interesting now
to see whether Governor
Rockefeller's position for test
ing, which is proclaimed
with more force than by most
Of the Republican conserva-
tives themselves, will estrange
the liberal following he has
thus far maintained.
This following has been
immense. 1t has included
many Democrats without
whose support in 1858 Mr..
Evening star., 1961-11-20
1t Is to Be Deplored, but 1t Is Natural
Where Controversy FIourishes

society" He spoke of those
who are urging the people
to distrust their own elected
leaders, their own long
cherished institutions" and
added that these are the
people who scream that the
judiciary is biased and that
its decisions ought not to be
obeyed."
When the average Ameri-
can, however, reads that the
Supreme Court Of the United
States again and again rem
ders decisions whose effect
is to help Communist Party
members in this country to
avoid jail, and when, after
six years of litigation, the
Justice Department lawyers
go into court, throw up their
hands and declare they can
not hope to convict some
known Communist because of
technical deficiencies in the
law as interpreted by the Su-
preme Court, it is natural
that resentment should be
aroused.
This happens, too, when
rapists and other criminals
are released after repeated
offenses as the claim is made
that they cannot be punished
because Of some technicality,
such as a prolonged delay in
arraignment.
1t is deplorable, of course,
when any member of the
John Birch Society charac-
terizes former high officials
of the Government as CON
scious agents" of the Com
munist conspiracy. 1t is even
more regrettable when sup
posedly conservative groups
mail out literature with
blanket indictments of Ger
tain civic organizations whose
views on public questions they
happen to dislike.
A lot Of education is
needed, Of course, as to what
is or is not a constitutional
right. But even so, the citi-
zen becomes bewildered as
he reads that a known Com
muniSt. against whom testi-
mony from undercover agents
OF the FBI is produced,
Evening star., 1961-11-20
DORIS FLEESON

Gov. Nelson Rockefeller's
impending divorce will have
its greatest impact on con-
servatives in both parties who
distrust the sophisticated, big
city. liberal image he already
turns to the Nation.
Because such conservatives
are powerful in the Republi-
can Party. particularly in the
Midwest and West. his politi-
cal prospects are to a degree
injured. 1t is not that they
would admit prejudice against
divorce as such; they would
argue that it sets a bad ex-
ample to the young.
Nor would they admit to
the envy and prejudice :m-
plicit in their dislike Of MIN
as one of those rich New
Workers who can do very
much as he likes and culti-
Yates politically the minori-
ties which are not a problem,
or much less a one in their
own areas. But they are now
in the position of the man
who has been saying to him
self: II hate that fellow and
I'll find a reason yet"-and
finds it.
The two important reli-
gious groups which, in prin-
ciple, oppose divorce for their
own members are Roman
Catholics and LutheranS.
Conservative Catholics have
been turning to the Repub-
lican Party and are by and
large found among the upper
income brackets. Mr.. Rookie
feller presumably would come
under their displeasure.
The Catholic majority are
Democrats for social and
economic reasons. They have
no cause to switch from
President Kennedy no mat
ter who is nominated by Re-
publicans in 1864.
Again generalizing. Luth-
erans are viewed by politi-
clans as conservative except
in agricultural policy and as
tending toward isolationiSm
or militant nationalism.
Evening star., 1961-11-20

one who attacks us will be
annihilated."
About 1000 workers, under
the watchful eyes of 1000
armed guards. labored fever
ishly through the night erect
ing massive Notifications that
look more and more perma-
nent.
After a look, West Berlin
Evening star., 1961-11-20
Reds Strengthen Wall
And Build Tank Trops

BERLIN. Nov. 20 CAP).-The
Communists today strengthened
the wall dividing Berlin with
tank traps and barriers as if
they were digging to repel an
invasion.
Big propaganda signs were
tackled up on the reinforced
barricades in front of the Bran
denburg Gate reading: ANY
Evening star., 1961-11-20

Wisconsin and Western Branch:
S35l WISCONSIN AVENUE, N. W.
Evening star., 1961-12-29
By the Associated Press

;,The Civil Aeronautics Board
has authorized the Nations IL
major airlines to increase fares
by. 3 per cent on a temporary
basis-an increase that would
cost air travellers an estimated
$54 million a year.
nsssBut it told the airlines that
higher rates alone would not
solve their financial problems.
l, THE industry's economic
problems must be attacked on
a broad front of which load
factor improvement is the cor
nerstone," it said.
1.-THE board also urged the
carriers to study cost-cutting
Proposals. including charging
Passengers for alcoholic drinks,
and to give the closest scru-
tiny" to special fares-such as
family rates-or discounts now
available.
ii Two Members Dissent
&, The CAB approved the higher
rates yesterday. Two Of the five
members diSsented, arguing the
Increases might stunt air travel
and compound the airlines fl
nancial headaches.
y The carriers have said they
expect to lose about $50 mil
lion this year.
It was assumed that all II
Evening star., 1961-12-29
Betting-Tox Race Won
By Indiana; Illinois I'd

The Nations gamblers anted
up Sc, ,682. 900 in Federal wager
ing excise taxes last fiscal year,
with Indiana, Illinois and Ken
lucky finishing win, place and
show by States.
Gamblers in Indiana paid
$959,000, Illinois $834,000 and
Kentucky $765,000 in the 10
per cent excise taxes, the In
ternal Revenue Service re-
ported yesterday.
The excise taxes were in ad-
dition to $641.000 which 9,1S9
gamblers paid for $50 Federal
0ecupational gambling stamps.
1.-THE heavy Indiana and Ken
tncky collections put the five
State Cincinnati region at the
top o. the IRIS list with a
Total OF $2,319,O0O. Other States
ID, the region and their collec-
tDnS were Ohio, $4,000: West
,s,.GT..,lia, $4,000, and Virginia,
$4,000.
ia total of 1899, 900 was COL
Neted in the Philadelphia re-
gaon. BY Statos it was Maryland
IL. he Dis ,ricC of Columbia,
20 90; New Jersey. $4,000;
7lvania, $27z,000, and Del
Slt $4,000.
i; lee ons totalcd $l,452 900
iM the San Francisco region,
M /. +, e 600; Idaho,
$4,000; Montana, SAL 900; Ha-
sS ZOO; Callornia, SOL 900;
.arizona. $4,000; Oregon. $2l,-
Evening star., 1961-12-29
BY BETTY MILES
Star Staff Writer

Public assistance and all
other sources Of medical care
are failing in many instances
to provide adequate medical
care for the needy, a new re-
port reveals.
The Department Of Health,
Education and Welfare today
released the study. Medical
Resources for Public Assistance
Recipients" prepared by Sec
retary Ribicoff for the House
Ways and Means Committee.
The report notes that public
assistance programs were de-
signed to provide the necessities
Of life for those who could not
provide for themselves. Medical
care is one Of these necessities,
1t contends.
Medical resources for public
assistance recipients vary wide
ly among and within the
States, the report notes.
In 1860, about $700 million
was spent for payments for
medical care under public as
SiStance programs.
Millions to Hospitals
In addition, State and local
governments spent from gen.
Evening star., 1961-12-29

900; Nevada, $597, 900; Utah
$83 900, and Washington, $685.
900.
Collections in the Chicago
region totaled $875 900, includ-
ing the Illinois figure. Other
States in the region were Mich
igan, $4,000. and Wisconsin,
ST. 900.
The Dallas region total was
1927 ,000-New Mexico, $11, 900:
Texas, $243, 1000; Arkansas,
$l55,000; Louisiana, 1921 900
and Oklahoma. $97, 900.
The total collected in the At
lanta region was $481 900
Georgia. 100000; Alabama
$105,000 South Carolina, $9,-
900; North Carolina, $3l. 900!
Mississippi. $4,000; Florida,
100000, and Tennessee, $ll7,-
600.
Omaha region, total $181 600
South Dakota, $4,000; Wy
oming, $4,000; Colorado, $25,-
900; Iowa, $1,000; North Da-
kota, $1,000; Missouri. $13, 900;
Nebraska, $4,000; Minnesota,
$43. 900, and Kansas, $4,000.
The New York City region,
embracing the State Of New
York, collected $4,000.
The Boston region collected
$66. 900 Maine, $4,000; Massa-
chusetts, $3l. 900; Vermont,
none: Connecticut, $23, 900: New
Hampshire, $4,000, and Rhode
Island. 81 900.
Evening star., 1961-12-29
E
CAB Approves Rise
3Of $50 in Plane Fares

trunk airlines would adopt the
full 3 per cent increase but
first they must give 80 days
notice.
Any increases would expire
after six months.
The CAB also announced it
will hold hearings on a pro-
posal by United Air Lines to
increase its fares an average
of 6.5 per cent.
What the board decides in
the United case presumably will
set a longer range policy for
the industry.
Coach Flights Blamed
The airlines' financial posi-
ton has darkened steadily in
the past four years, despite
fare increases totaling nearly
Is per cent.
The airlines have said their
top problem is the diversion of
passenger traffic from first
class to coach flights. United
and six other carriers have
proposed fare adjustments that
would reduce the savings now
offered coach patrons.
The CAB said the key prob
lem is the number Of empty
seats. Over the past six years,
the board said, the number of
available seats has increased
much faster than the number
Of passengers.
Evening star., 1961-12-29
z Children Killed
As Italian Jet
Crashes in Town

PADUA, Italy, Dec. 20 (AP).
An Italian jet fighter plane
crashed into a house and ex-
ploded yesterday, killing two
children and injuring II other
persons in a densely populated
neighborhood Of nearby Este.
The F-86 jet grazed the big
cathedral in the factory town
Of 10000 residents as it plunged
downward. The pilot bailed out
moments before the crash and
landed on a busy street not
far from the crash scene.
Four families lived in the
two-story house hit by the
plane. Most Of the residents
were out but eight persons were
injured when the plane tore
through the roof.
Firemen and volunteers were
rummaging through the wreck
age minutes after the crash
searching for two buried chill
dren, when an explosion rocked
the house to its foundation.
The fuel tank Of the plane ap-
parently exploded. police the
orized. Four firemen and five
other persons were hurt.
The bodies Of the two chill
dren. l and 8, were found soon
after the explosion.
ALT injured, none critically,
were hospitalized along with
the pilot.
Evening star., 1961-12-29
Tusk Force Set
To Push for PIun
Of Care for AGED
BY the Associated Press

A special task force has been
established to spearhead q drive
for congressional approval of
President Kennedy's medical
care for the aged program. AS
sistant Welfare Secretary VIII
bur j. Cohen says.
Mr.. Cohen, who is chairman
Of the group. said 1t was set
up to mobilize the resources"
Of the Department Of Health,
Education an0 Welfare for the
medical care drive.
Creation Of the task force
was ordered by Secretary
Ribicoff.
Mr.. Cohen said yesterday
the group Is split into six
working parties" each study
ing one phase Of medical care.
He said the task force will
compile technical data and
other information, and report
its findings to Mr.. Ribicoff.
The Welfare Secretary will
use the information in an ef-
fort to get the Kennedy bill
through Congress next year.
The Kennedy plan would put
medical care for the aged under
the social security program.
Mr.. Cohen said the study
groups will cover subjects in
cluding State health agencies,
methods Of paying hospitals
for medical care, out-patient
services and commercial health
insurance.
Evening star., 1961-12-29
Report on Needy Finds
Cop in Medical Care

eral tax revenues about $500
million for maintenance of gen.
eral hospitals. Most Of this
represents the cost of hospital
care for the INDECENT.
Private charity is the major
medical care resource for pub
lie assistance recipients in some
States 1t notes.
One estimate is that mem
bers of the medical profession
provided roughly $3.50 million
worth of free medical care for
low income persons In 1860.
Voluntary hospitals provide
at least $3.50 million worth Of
free care" from their ow-. re-
sources, chiefly bv Increased
charges to paying patients.
Voluntary national health
agencies and their local
branches spend perhaps $50
million q year for medical care
of individuals.
From Chest Funds
United funds and community
chests allocate some $35 mil
lion annually for medical serv-
ices, mainly for low-income
persons.
Other charitable organiza-
Evening star., 1961-12-29
ia
Niinson Predicts Choice
HOlf McC Cormock, Albert

Concerning the election Of q
successor to the late Speaker
Rayburn, who had served for
48 years and eight months in
the House at the time Of his
death November 16, Mr.. Vim
son forecast that Mr.. McCor-
mack of Massachusetts,, the
present majority leader will be
selected without a fight" in
the House Democratic caucus
January 8 and be formally
elected by the House the next
day.
Boiling in Contest
Mr.. Albert Of Oklahoma, the
present majority whip, faces
opposition from Representative
Boiling Of Missouri for majority
leader at a caucus election
January 10. Mr.. Vinson said to-
day he believes Mr.. Albert will
win without much of a fight"
He said the death of Mr..
Rayburn will make a big diff
ference" but he voiced con-
fidence in Mr.. Mccormack and
Mr.. Albert.
Besides his power, prestige
and expert experience as Armed
Services Committee chairman
Mr.. Vinson seems likely to have
even more general influence in
the House than he did during
the long tenure Of Mr.. Ray
burn as Speaker. He voiced no
broader ambitions along that
line today. All he said was:
"I'll be here to help all ]
can"