davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-08
Newest Thing in War
Is Really Not New
By N. A. STEERS
Contributins Writer

The Star-Spangled Banner,
written in 1914, is proof that the
rockets red glare" was seen long
before the Twentieth century. In
fact rockets, the latest thing in
military Technology, actually
dated from the Thirteenth CEN
tury.
But it was in the War Of 1912
with England that American
shores first came under the war
rockets glare. And a young Bal
timore lawyer, Francis Scott Key,
recalled their light and their fall
. ure In the national anthem after
the British bombardment Of Fort
McHenry. Unfortunately, the
some rockets, designed by Sir
William Congreve In the early
1800s had been more successful
and less inspirational q few weeks
before in the capture and burning
of Washington.
The Congreve rocket operated
on much the same principle as
present-day rockets: its propel-
Tents burned In a combustion
chamber producing a gas which
escaped through an exit nozzle
driving the rocket forward. It
was launched from a thin-walled
walled copper tube on q col
lapSible wooden frame that looked
like wide stepladder. Each rock
ct had a warhead filled with ex-
plosives-"the bombs bursting in
air"
It was a divided and disordered
America that had waged war on
Great Britain. The Northeast,
New England and New York, were
against the war even though 1t
was largely in defense Of our
shipping rights as neutrals. Those
favoring it were described in Bos-
tons Columbian Seminal as wild
backwoodsmen who had never
seen "the ocean but on a map,
or conceived the taste Of it ex-
cept from a salt lick" The War
Hawks, as they came to be known,
hailed mostly from the South
and West, where the British had
encouraged Indian raids and the
desire to annex Canada and Flori-
do was strong.
Half Hearted War
The resolution to 60 to war
just squeaked by the 18th Con-
gress, with 80 per cent, 81 out Of
100, Of its voting members OPP
posed. Hardly rallying behind the
President, James Madison, Con-
gress even refused to impose war
taxes.
Washington was burned in the
last year Of the war, 1914. Brit
iSh troops under the command
of Gen. Robert Ross and Sir Alex
ander Cochran had proceeded ac-
cording to their instructions ito
effect a diversion on the coasts
Of the United States" in hopes Of
taking the pressure off British
troops fighting in Canada.
On the 18th of August the Brit
fish fleet dropped anchor near the
mouth ofthe Patuxent River in
Maryland and began their march
on Washington. The Capital, In
credibly enough after two years
Of war. was totally without de-
tense preparations. President
Madison, had a dirnly drawn
plan for moving the government
to Frederick, Nd, in case Of at
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-08
cRoss:coUNTRY REPORT
The Race for NucLear Preparedness

tain official approval at local CD
offices. 80
Latest and largest to enter the
arena is United States Steel with q
$1,000 prefab kit for a six-person
shelter. Armco Steel Corp. has
geared UP to mass produce prefab
designs at more than 40 plants.
Its simplest type Is a 9-by-lO
foot job for about $500 which
comes with step-by-step assembly
instructions. SeaglaSs Survival
Shelters Of Dallas is turning out
40 q day and plans to open an
other plant; and Anderson Tank
q Manufacturing Co. Of Flint,
Mich, plans to expand shelter
production to 200 q day by the
end Of this month.
Basic material for the do-it-
yourself ($4o0 to $1,000 shelters
for which OCDM supplies the
simple plans is solid concrete
blocks. Plasticrete Corp, a lead
ing maker Of the blocks, has
stepped UP production. In Utica,
N. Y, @ building supply dealer
reported delivering concrete
blocks for shelters to 100 homes
during two weeks in August.
Despite popular gossip Of per-
sons buying guns galore to guard
their shelters, arms and ammu-
milton makers report no notice
able sales increase. A common
practice, however, is for home
owners to keep their shelter prof.
ects secret.
A Milwaukee shelter firm ad-
yertised I'VE use unm ar K e d
trucks" and q survival equipment
dealer in the same city has In
structed his employees to pose as
appliance repairmen.
Number Of Shelters
For this reason 1t is impossible
to estimate accurately how many
home shelters have been built
across the country. Some random
local guesses include: Minnesots
10000: California 1000; Nortf
Carolina 5000. Last January CT
authorities estimated there wer'
only 1900 in the entire Nation.
Some States are encouraging
shelter building by granting ta'
relief. One Of the most liberal i
Alabama, which allows q propert.
tax exemption Of 5000 for eacl
member Of q family with shell
ter, plus 9 $1,000 State income Ia
deduction.
The Federal Governments $50
part, has broadened its FILA In
sured loan program for sheite
builders SO 20-year loans OF up =
$4,000 now are available.
Many banks are offering shell
ter construction loans. One ban
employee in Virginia said severa
customers had commented on tn
banks advertising approach o
stressing the urgency Of buildin
a shelter-and then granting a 5
year loan. ..s..
The Federal governments $50
million public shelter program
aimed at equipping every Fedora
building In the land with a shel
ter, plus revamping existing Worl
War II shelters-is calculated I
save the lives Of at least the 8
million Americans living in prin
target areas.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-08
An Accusation

An Accusation
The commission did more than
urge the President to issue an
executive order which would af-
feet, by its estimate, 80 per cent
of privately financed home sales
and all existing public housing,
urban renewal projects and hous-
ing for the elderly.
1t accused the Federal Govern
ment Of playing an important
role in the perpetuation Of seq
regation in housing. It said, in
its 206-page report:
THE central findings (are)
that all levels of the housing
and home finance industries -
from the builder and lender to
the real estate broker, and often
even the local housing authority
are used to accentuate this de-
NAL (of equal housing opportu-
nity)". =.
The commission further stated
that the Federal Government
has done virtually nothing" to
bar discriminatory use of Fed
eral housing funds and benefits.
Government targets Of the
commission were the Fedora
Housing Agency, Veterans Ad-
ministration and the Federal Ma
tional Mortgage Association. 1t
urged that the President direct
these agencies to take steps to
assure non discrimination by
builders, brokers and banks par
ticipating in their programs.
To carry out the full commits
sion program would take con-
gressional as well as executive ac-
ton. Nevertheless, Mr.. Kennedy
could move without legislation
and presumably he has a task
force pursuing this matter, now
ever slowly and silently.
From Memphis
Elsewhere on the civil rights
front last week, Memphis admit
ted Negroes to white schools fol-
the first time. Desegregation Gin
four schools) occurred without
disorders. President Kennedy
doubtless with a propaganda eye
on Africa and other areas Of the
globe, hailed the move as ont
which reflects credit on the
United States throughout thu
world"
But in the North, ironically, Mr.
Kennedy was not finding the seq
regation problem helping him IL
the foreign relations field. Bias OF
Route 40 in Maryland cropped VI
again. This time a Nigerian hat
trouble along the short restau
rant-lined strip between Balti
more and the Maryland State line
Pedro Sanjaun, a deputy chic
Of protocol of the State De
partment, in disclosing the lates
incident, voiced the hope tina
Maryland would pass a law bar
ring racial discrimination in pub
lie places.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-08

consideration may be q plus fac
tor for Mr.. Mccormack.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-08

yet got around to fulfilling this
particular promise.
Last week, however, he received
q strong nudge and reminder
from the Civil Rights Com
mission.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-08
cROsS-COUNTRY REPORT

OMNIBUS events in a few
short weeks spectacularly &C.
compIished what civil defense
officials spectacularly failed to
do, in years: Suddenly Ameri-
cans began thinking seriously
about survival in a nuclear
war. Based on q survey con-
Quoted by Associated Press bu-
reaus across the country, here's
. report on the great awaken.
ing.
Evening star., 1961-03-28
BY WILLIAM HINES
Star Science Writer

President Kennedy today sent
to Congress requests for an
additional $l55, ,770,000 for ci-
william activities in the fields of
space and the atom.
He boosted by $125,670, 900
the authorization request of
81, ,109, $4,000 for the National
AeronauticS and Space Ad-
ministration sent to Congress
by former President Eisenhower
last January Is. In addition,
he tackled $30.1 million onto
the January request of $685.
O50,O00 for the Atomic Energy
Commission.
Actual expansion of top prior
ity space and atomic projects
totaled considerably more than
the added $155 million, how
ever. This was due to curtail-
ment of some other activities,
particularly in the Acc budget.
Biggest Boosts Outlined
Projects receiving largest ad-
ditional funds were:
The Saturn super rocket pro-
gram, an extra $71 million.
Conversion of a new atomic
reactor at Hanford, Washing
ton, to generation of 650,000
kilowatts of electricity, $50
million.
Evening star., 1961-03-28
Muce-B Missile
Crashes at Cape

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla,
Mar. % (AP). "A Mace-B
guided missile crashed and ex-
ploded on the cape today, sec
onds after It was launched from
a concrete shelter.
The 44-foot, swept-wing mis-
sile darted from the protective
shelter and suddenly rolled over
and noSe-dived to the ground,
blowing apart on impact. The
explosion set fire to scrub
brush. The Air Force said
there were no injuries or prop
erty damage.
Cause of the malfunction was
not Immediately determined,
but it appeared to be a flight
control or guidance problem.
This is the first time in %
Mace-B test launches that one
of the rockets crashed on take
off.
Evening star., 1961-03-28

Rusk declared he is confident
a strong, unanimous" resolu-
tion on Laos will be approved.
And Foreign Minister Felix
berto Serrano of the Philip
pines indicated that advocates
of a tough SEATO line in Laos
were winning.
But there is less talk of
SEATO intervention in Laos
and much of the tension and
excitement which marked the
opening session yesterday has
evaporated.
Alternative Feared
This state of affairs has
brought on the first murmur-
ings of dissension among the
group which has been pressing
for a strong SEATO response
to the threat in Laos. The
Asian states have not been won
over to the Anglo-Americar
plan despite assurances that
the Western powers will insist
on a solution that would apply
to Laos as a whole. The history
of such negotiations, they ar.
que, is that the Communists
hold what they have taken by
force. They do not believe the
result will be very different
in the case of Laos.
Or if it is different, it might
See SEATO, Page At
Evening star., 1961-03-28
S155MiIIion Rise Asked
For Space, Atom Work

Start of construction on a q
mile-long atom smasher at
Stanford University in Cali
fornia, $26 million.
Further development of the
Centaur hydrogen-fueled rock
ct, $26 million.
Research and development of
powerful new conventional and
nuclear rockets, $18 million.
In addition, the President
asked 81 million for a small
atomic power reactor at remote
Byrd Station on the Antarctic
ice cap and So million for ex-
perimental work on merchant
ship power plants.
S63.7 Million Cutbacks
Cutbacks in the Atomic
Energy Commission budget
totaled $63.7 million, chiefly
from a decrease in ore pur-
chaSes, plutonium and uranium
production, nuclear weapons
production and cancellation of
the aircraft nuclear propulsion
program" according to the
White House announcement.
Mr.. Kennedy's request for an
additional $125.7 million for
NASA was somewhat smaller
than had been anticipated.
An increase of $300-$400 mil
See FUNDS, Page b.
Evening star., 1961-03-28
New Hampshire States
D. c. Suffrage Action
Committee Meets on Amendment
While Kansas and Ohio StuII

As Kansas and Ohio continued to stall ratfying
the District vote amendment in attempt to win the
honor of providing the crucial S8th ratification, New
Hampshire moved into the picture again.
The New Hampshire House Judiciary Committee
which held up action last week. meets today to consider
the Senate passed resolution approving the proposed
constitutional amendment to let District residents vote
for President and Vice President
Representative Stewart Lamprey, Speaker Of the
New Hampshire House, said that 1t might be possible
for the House to suspend the rules and approve the
amendment today when it isN reported out by the
judiciary Committee
Evening star., 1961-03-28

ruling is directed at those hav-
ing contracts connected with
the stadium.
He said that while the con-
tracts M. Marshall originally
signed included nothing specific
on discrimination, it included
an "open-end provision" to in
corporate any new Interior De-
partment regulations.
If he (MarshalD talks to
his lawyers" Mr.. Udall said
"he will see what the legal
situation is and will be
bound by our regulations"
Shortly after Mr.. Marshall
received the Secretary's letter
he sent a note back stating
that "at the present moment
we violate no laws of the United
States" and that the 30-yeal
lease was made on that basis.
"All the attractions at the
new stadium will be those pre-
sented by the National Football
League" Mr.. Marshall said
"The National Football League
has no restrictions I know Of;
neither do the Redskins"
Evening star., 1961-03-28
UdoII Warns Redskins
On RocioI Bios Aooin

Interior Secretary Udall said
today he believes he will have
proof of discrimination if
Washington Redskins owner
George P. Marshall does not
have any Negroes on his team
by October /.
Mr.. Udall told his weekly
news conference the Interior
Department plans no action
until that date. but that the
departments position is ION
record"
1--WE don't want Mr.. Marshall
to feel we misled him." Mr..
Udall said and added the hope
that Mr.. Marshall will not want
ito engage in any dispute"
MIR. Udall last week sent the
Redskins boss a warning that
he would be expected to hire
Negroes to play in the new Dis
trict Stadium.
The note was sent after Mr..
Udall issued a new National
Park Service rule prohibiting
discrimination by teams using
the new $40 million stadium on
East Capitol street.
The Secretary said the new
Evening star., 1961-03-28
Ohio
BY GRACE BAssETT
star Staff Writer

COLUMBUS. Ohio, Mar. 20.
District Republican Chair
man Carl L. Shipley was flying
here this afternoon from
Washington in an effort to
prod the Republican controlled
State Senate into acting
promptly on ratification of the
District vote amendment.
Mr.. Shipley was carrying
with him a message from Re-
publican National Chairman
Thruston Morton urging Re-
publican Legislators to support
the amendment.
The District G. o. P. Chair
man said in Washington before
starting his flight here that
he intended ito do everything
possible to break the deadlock
holding up ratification"
MIR. Shipley decided to fly
here after it became apparent
that Ohio is waiting for Kansas
See OHIO, Page AS
Evening star., 1961-03-28
Kunsus
BY BERNARD GWERTZMAN

BY BERNARD GWERTZMAN
star staff Writer
TOPEKA, KanS., Mar. 28.-
1t would take Kansas only ten
minutes to ratify the District
vote amendment, but House
Speaker william Mitchell said
here today he is willing to wait
another week If necessary to
insure that Kansas is the 38th
State to approve the measure.
Were in absolutely no rush
to act on the amendment" he
said. I'VE think we should have
the privilege of being the last
State to ratify it, and we can
wait"
THE House will probably
adjourn at noon on Friday
until Monday, and 1 see no
reason why the amendment
can't wait until next week if
no other State ratifies it," he
said.
Mr.. Mitchell has, said that
See KANSAS, Page AS
Evening star., 1961-03-28
Stote Will Ask Death for DR.. Finch
And Mistress, Convicted of Murder

LOS ANGELES, Mar. %
(AP). The State will ask
death in the gas chamber for
DR.. r. Bernard Finch and his
mistress, Carole Tregoff, con-
victed of numbering his social
ite wife with a bullet in the
back.
A third jury, agreeing after
two others had deadlocked, re-
TUNED this three-way verdict
late yesterday:
/. DR.. Finch, 43, handsome,
tennis-loving surgeon, guilty of
the first-degree murder of
pretty. popular Barbara Jean
Finch, SO, outside their West
Covina home July 18, 1859.
2. Carole, "a, auburn haired,
once a shapely model who be-
came DR.. Finch's receptionist
and then his mistress, guilty of
second-degree murder.
3. Both guilty of conspiracy
to commit murder.
Conspiracy to commit mur-
der is punishable by death in
California" said Deputy Dis
trict Attorney Clifford Grail.
"We will ask the death penalty
for both defendants"
DR.. Finch, hands clasped,
took his own verdict coolly.
When he heard Carole's his
face Redeemed and tears welled
in his eyes. He reached past
an attorney and patted her
shoulder. She was Sobbing.
AS they were led out of the
courtroom. the two embraced
tearfully and tenderly. They
stood clasped together briefly.
Then Carole, head down, shoul-
ders shaking with sobs, fol-
See FINCH, Page A-t
Evening star., 1961-03-28
j. S.AttorneYs
BaCkCurb on
School Loans
Across-the-Bourd
Borrowing Called
Unconstitutional

Government attorneys told
Congress today President Ken
nedy was right when he said
acros s-the-board loans to
church schools are unconStitu-
tional.
A 63-page legal memo from
the Department of Health,
Education and Welfare to the
Senate Education Subcommit-
tee said such loans, which
Catholic church leaders are
seeking to add to the admins
tration education bill, are
plainly invalid.
1t said the Constitution also
forbids tuition payments to
parochial school pupils. How
ever, the memo left the way
open for Congress to approve
special purpose loans to church
schools if the loans meet GER
tain criteria.
Justice Aides Consulted
Today's memo, requested by
Subcommittee Chairman Morse,
Democrat of Oregon, was pre-
pared by AlanSon w. Wilcox,
general counsel of HEW. In a
covering letter, Secretary Ribi-
coff said Justice Department
attorneys had been consulted
in its preparation.
Senator Morse said he well
coined the legal memo but still
held to his previous view that
''loans to private schools, pro-
viding an interest is charged
which covers the cost of the
use of the money, would be con-
stitutional."
Senator Morse said he would
back such loans in a separate
bill but would oppose amending
the administration Din to IN
clude the loans.
Representative PucinSki,
Democrat Of Illinois, who Spon-
sored a private school loan
amendment in the House last
year, said he would study the
memo and base his actions on
his findings.
Offers Suggestion
Assuming they are correct
that no across-the-board assist
ance is permissible" Mr.. Pu-
cinski said, I'VE will look for
various forms Of specific as
sistance to parochial schools
that meet the constitutional
tests"
He suggested as one posi-
bility the expansion of National
Defense Education Act loans to
other purposes or the CONVEX
sion of those loans to grants.
MSgr. Frederick G. Hoch-
walt, director of the depart
ment Of education of the
National Catholic Welfare Con-
ference. said he would meet
With legal advisers this after
noon to discuss the memo.
The legal argument began
with a citation Of the Supreme
Courts finding in the Everson
case that mo tax in any
amount, large or small, can be
levied to support religious ac-
tivities or institutions, what
ever they may be called, or
See EDUCATION, Page AS
Evening star., 1961-03-28

have been privately expressing
fears that negotiation on Laos
might lead to a settlement
along the lines of Korea or
o-China in which a large
part of the country would re-
main under Communist con-
troll. Such a result, they believe,
would be little more than a
prelude for new pressure and
Subversion against Laos and
its neighboring states.
The British American plan
calls for a cease fire to be Su-
perviSed by an international
control commission consisting
of Canada, Poland and India.
Eventually there would be a
14-nation conference to decide
on a permanent settlement.
Red Acceptance Uncertain
1t is still far from clear that
the Russians will accept this
program. United States Secre-
tary of State Rusk. reporting to
the ministers today on the re-
suits of President Kennedy's
meeting with Soviet Foreign
Minister Gromyko advised
them that a reply probably
could not be expected before
the end of the conference ses-
sion tomorrow.
On the surface, the confer
ence is pressing ahead with its
business with as much deter
mination as ever. Secretary
Evening star., 1961-03-28
l4-lnch Snowfall Hits
Ports of Colorado

DENVER. Mar. % (AP).-A
late March storm today un-
loaded as much as IA inches of
heavy, wet snow in some Sec
tions of eastern Colorado, closed
q number of schools and led to
snow warnings from the United
States Weather Bureau for por-
tions of three States.
The forecast said the storm
would continue until tonight
with snow spreading south and
east across the State.
The snow warnings were is
sued for Northeastern Colorado,
Southeastern Wyoming and the
Nebraska Panhandle.
Evening star., 1961-03-28
Premier of Sweden
Flies to New York

NEW YORK, Mar. % (AP) -
Swedish Premier Tage Erlander
arrived by plane today for a
meeting with President Ken
nedy and a two-week tour of
the United States.
Mr.. Erlander, VINO was &C
companied by his wife, also
plans to see his fellow country
man, U. N. Secretary General
Dag HammarSkjold.
He will motor in West Vir-
ginia and North Carolina and
visit Duluth, Minneapolis, Salt
Lake City, San Francisco and
Los Angeles.
Evening star., 1961-03-28

back seat in the revised budget
just as it had under a sue
cesSion of Eisenhower budgets.
The President asked an addi-
tional $1,856,800,000 for big
war weapons, mostly inter
continental ballistic missiles.
He asked for $847.2 million
more to strengthen our ability
to deter or confine limited
war" At the same time he
found $430 million worth of
projects in the Eisenhower
budget which he said could be
Cancelled, and he shifted $500
million in working capital
funds" into weapons.
The net result of the changes
would be a $1,954, 100000 in
crease in defense spending
authority, spread over several
years. President Kennedy said
$3.50 million of the increase
would be spent in the fiscal
year beginning July /.
Major Changes Listed
Among the major changes in
President Eisenhower's budget
he recommended we're:
PolariS missile submarine
production to be increased
from a rate of five a year to
IL a year, missiles to be i'm
proved. more crews to be added,
all at a cost of $1,340, 300, 900.
Minuteman ICBM produc-
ton to be accelerated and i'm
proved; 500 million.
Research on non-nuciear,
limited-war weapons to be in
creased by 1922 million.
Purchase of non-nuclear
weapons to be stepped up by
$3.50 million.
Total military personnel to
be expanded by $4,000 persons.
The BIO, 2,000-mile-an-
hour bomber development pro-
gram to be curtailed sharply
at a saving of $138 million.
Will Close Bases
Nuclear aircraft development
program by the Pentagon to be
Cancelled, saving $35 million.
Two Titan ICBM squadrons
Cancelled, saving $100 million.
PolariS missile installation on
the nuclear-powered cruiser
Long Beach Cancelled, saving
$57.7 million.
Mr.. Kennedy said Secretary
of Defense Mcnamara has
taken steps to discontinue 73
domestic and foreign military
See DEFENSE, Page AS