davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-12-29

muSJ De something OF q genius
in his chosen field. Perhaps
the most curious aspect Of the
whole Congo story is that ths
U. N. and the State Depart
ment (both of which spend a
good deal more than $4,000
a year in the field Of public
relationS have failed so dis.
mally to put their own case
across.
One has had the distinct
impression. Furthermore, that
most Of the criticism Of the
U. N. action in Katanga was
based not on any baneful
propaganda. but on the volu-
minous and detailed reports
Of many highly reliable and
honest Western correspond
ents in Elisabethville and
elsewhere. 1t was they who
reported on the mayhem
indiscriminate or otherwise
that accompanied the bonn
bardment of Elisabethville
and the destruction Of civilian
industrial targets by U. N.
planes.
Reporters Attacked
To be sure, the fact that
most of these reporters were
on the receiving end Of the
U.N. action may not have
served to persuade them of
the virtues Of the kind of
peaceful integration" that
officials in Washington and
New York keep talking about.
But perhaps a more remark
able fact is that reporters
who have been deliberately
attacked by U.N. troops and
all but killed while per-
forming their duties have
managed nevertheless to re-
tain such a large measure
Of professional impartiality.
1t is easy, of course, to
ascribe any opinion to ac-
tivity Of a sinister, secret
propaganda operation. 1t is
also popular to ascribe all
unpleasant facts of life to
the Vaccinations of power
full economic interests
colonialist or otherwise-who
dispose Of politicians and
armies alike for their own
selfish and cruel purposes. 1t
is a favorite device of the
small time. hard pressed
leader, and has been heard
many times in the past
from the Mossadeghs, the
Sukarnoes, the NasSers and
the Castros of the modern
scene.
1t is distressing, however,
to see the technique used by
responsible officials of the
American Government, If only
for the fact that the United
States has many overseas
economic interests not so
very different in terms of
the economies and the poll
tics of the countries In which
they exist than the Union
Miniere. To equate economic
investment, which today in
wolves no direct political or
military control, to the
heart of colonialism" is q
very dangerous policy in
deed. And in terms Of the
problem facing the Congo,
it is an almost entirely de-
Structive idea.
Evening star., 1961-12-29
LETTERS TO THE STAR
Pen names mav be used !,

Pen names may be used u
letters carry Driters correct
names and addresses. AH let
ters are subject to condensd-
ton. Those not used DtlL be
returned only trhen accom-
panied by self = addressed,
stamped enueIopes.
Evening star., 1961-03-05
@
How Do THEY +
DO IT???? KS

o. D."'Id5 salary Similar Back. -
ground Similar Tastes as your
0'3n 0Sn and yet THEIR HOME ;s
D!IrFERENT It's Sn,arf
rs, $PeHs Glamour = lis BEAIjTL.
ne o":~er lies in RoSSLERS
S""" I"e'e hundreds Of your neiehbors
move round the type Of furniture vou;xs
. ocm"ed IN such m0sozines as HouSs
oeO IFUL- AAAERiosAN HoAdE oOS
O.ne'S the sIomorous contemOo-
1 10y eSrIure rSrn!ture you've envied on vou, Al
Evening star., 1961-11-29
Called to Prevent
Wor. Not Fiqht It

These men who may be Serv-
ing in a very cold and windy
camp in Fort Lewis, Wash, are
rendering the same kind OF
service to our country as an air.
plane standing at 15-minute
alert at a SAC base in Omaha
is serving. We call them in to
prevent a war, not to fight a
war. If our efforts to hold a
peace should fail, they would be
used in a more direct way.
Their function today is to in
dicate that the United States
is serious about its commit
ments; that it means to meet
its commitments. It wants to
negotiate a peaceful settlement
if it can, but it does not pro-
pose to surrender.
Therefore, I would propose
any serviceman sitting in a
lamp, however unsatisfactory
Evening star., 1961-11-29

tariffs will feel that the only
way that they can get into the
market will be through invest
ing in Western Europe, and
therefore we will have capital
leaving which will cost jobs.
Every time an American firm
invests in Europe and builds its
company there, it hires Euro
pean workers and not American
workers. We believe in the free
flow Of capital. We do not be-
lieve in capital exchanging
Therefore, we have to have the
ability to negotiate with the
Common Market so that Ameri-
can goods can enter the market
and we will not have American
capital jumping the wall n
order to compete. So that this
is a matter of great Importance
to the American workers and
in d ustry and the American
economy.
1t is in that, it is because oi
that reason, as well as our de.
sire to associate as closely al
we can to Europe, which i.
going to be such an important
power and force, that we are
considering what our trade pro.
gram will be. But if you use the
word associate" with the Com
mon Market, or joining the
Common Market, that is not ar
accurate a description of oul
policy.
Evening star., 1961-11-29
Greater Opportunity
is Seen for BowIes

I regard this, as I have said
as an increased opportunity fol
Mr.. Bowles and 1 think it is
vitality important to the United
States. We don't want to be-
come so concerned about the
problems we face in Western
Europe that we ignore the
tremendous responsibilities and
opportunities that are before
the free world in these impor-
tant sections of the world, SO
that I am encouraged by the
changes and I am grateful to
Mr.. Bowles for taking on that
assignment.
I think he can render a
real service as he has in the
past and am also grateful to
Gov. Hartman for, after hold
ing probably as many i'm
portant Jobs as any American
in our history with the possible
exception of John Quincy
Adams. now taking on the job
of Assistant Secretary for the
Far East.
@. Mr.. President, there are
reports that the morale among
Evening star., 1961-11-29
KENNEDY SUGGESTS COED
PRESS CLUB NEWS RIGHTS

President Kennedy, speaking honorary mem
ber advised the National Press Club today to permit
woman reporters to cover luncheon speeches made by
official visitors to the club
Sarah McClendon, reporter for several newspapers,
asked at the Presidents press conference for his
ment on the controversy between reporters
and the Press Club which restricts its membership to
Mr.. Kennedy told Miss McClendon that he thought
the press should deal with her problem He stirred up
laughter by suggesting that the Press Club hold meet
ing ard permit her to present her views.
But the President emphasized that "the members
of the Press Club will have to decide it the way they
want"
John Cosgrove, president of the Press Club. when
questioned about the Presidents remarks said the club
had been very much interested in making sure news
developed at the luncheon meetings would be readily
available to all accredited reporters
He said he asked that representatives of
porers meet with him october 81 to discuss
mentS for them to cover important speakers
Not one woman showed up," he added.
Mr.. Kennedy said he was speaking IAN honorary
member but the club lists him non-active member
since he once was newspaper reporter '.-.,
Evening star., 1961-11-29
u. S. Will Continue
To Push Talks

OF course, our ambition is
TO permit the Wet Namese
people to control their destiny
and we are attempting to work
with the government and en-
courage steps which would in
crease the sense of commit
llnent by the people of Wet Nam
10 the struggle. The steps arc
bound to be subject 10 discus
sion and controversy, and we
are going to continue to have
our conversations with the Wet
Namese government.
@. What significance do you
see in the fact that the Soviet
government at this time per-
rnitted you to speak to the
Russian people?
A. Well, welcomed it We
had expressed Mr.. Salinger
had, and I think other news
papermen in the United States
had expressed their concern
that Mr.. Khrushchev had been
interviewed at some length by
three or four American news
papermen and all of his views
were carried in full in the
Western world, particularly In
the United States, and no SINH
lar opportunity had been given
to the President of the United
States or any ether American
leaders.
This view was presented with
vigor to the Soviet representa-
tives and I am delighted that
they decided to give us that op-
portunity.
@. Mr.. President, when Mr..
Khrushchev visited this coun-
try couple of years ago he had
quite a number of chances to
speak to the American people
on virtually all of our American
television and newspapers.
Would you welcome personally
the opportunity to speak to the
Russian people in Russia?
A. I would think that Mr..
Khrushchev came on the invi-
tation of the President of the
United States and was a guest
Of the United States. I have
not been given a similar in
vitation. I think that the i'm
portant thing now is to attempt
to work out a solution to the
difficult problems which dis
turb our relations.
The interview mentioned Ger
many, Berlin. There are prob
lens in Southeast Asia. That is
the immediate task. I think
that probably they hold thai
view, too, in regard to any visit
by the President of the United
States. There are important
problems that must be solved
before such a visit would be
rewarding on either side. Nc
such invitation has been ex.
tended.
Evening star., 1961-11-29
CIorificotion Sought
On Civil Defense

@. Mr.. President, in attempts
to clarity your civil defense
policy, it has been reported that
you favor community shelters
and fallout shelters over the
private shelters. If this is so
could you give us some of your
reasoning behind that move?
A. We have never thought
that the Government could en-
gage in a task of building
shelters in each home because
it would be a diversion of our
resources, and would vitality
affect our deterrent strength
which remains our best hope
Of avoiding a nuclear ex-
change. So we have stated
from the beginning, and the
decisions made last spring and
summer in regard to the mark
ings of available shelters, en-
phasize the community struc-
ture. We have made some de-
cisions in regard to Federal
policy in relation to community
shelters last Friday. and we
are now going to talk to some
of the Governors who are d.
rectly concerned, and involved
Evening star., 1961-11-29

FOLLOWING is the tert OF
President Kennedy's netDS
conference today:
The President: Good morn
ing, are there any questions?
@. Mr.. President, last week
We had a show of force off the
Dominican Republic. Under
what circumstances would
these ships and men actually
have gone into action and is
this an indication of policy in
the hemisphere with United
States forces to be used to
knock out any attempt by Cas-
tro. for instance. to overthrow
an existing government?
A. Well. the United States
forces which remained in in
ternational waters were there
because there was some feel
ing that steps might be taken
in the Dominican Republic
which would end any hopes
that a democratic solution
could be achieved.
Because events in the Do
minican Republic proceeded IN
the way they did, the United
States forces have been grad
ually withdrawn, and it is our
hope that as a result of the
conversations now going on in
the Dominican Republic, we
can make progress toward
achieving a result that would
permit the Dominican people
to control their own destiny.
AS to the broader question,
we would of course be con-
cerned and have responsible
ties as a member of the Or
ganization of American States
II actions were taken by one
state against another state,
through the use of force. We
would be most concerned about
that. whatever its source, and
particularly if its source came
from the one you described.
@. Mr.. President, do you
plan a trip out of the country
any time before the first of
the year?
A. We have not finalized any
plans.
@. Mr.. President, the Gov
ernment-controlled press in
South Wet Nam is attacking
the United States now, ap-
parently because we are asking
for political reforms in ex-
change for our military and
economic assistance. I wonder
If this is jeopardizing our ef-
forts to stop communism there,
and if you can throw any light
on this situation for us.
A. Well, there have been
stories in the press there that
have been critical of the United
States, and Of course there
have been stories in the United
States press which may in some
cases bear q different rela-
tionship to the Government
than the press in Saigon does
to its government. but never
theless, I have suggested that
the steps which are being taken
within Wet Nam on account of
the Communist threat have not
been sufficient.
Evening star., 1961-11-29
Suggests System
For Curling Tension

A. I would suggest that
what I am anxious to do is to
work out some system which
would permit freedom of access
for the people of West Berlin
without constant pressures and
without harassments which en-
danger their freedom and
which increase the tension be-
tween the two countries.
One of the suggestions which
has been considered is to pro-
vide some international au-
thority which will control traf-
fic in the autobahn and, there
fore, guarantee its free move
ment. I think we would have
to wait until negotiations be-
gan between the Soviet Union
and the Western powers before
any precise suggestion in re-
gard to this kind of control
might be performed.
@. May I ask a subordinate
question, please? Does this
contemplate international con-
troll under the United Nations
or something apart from the
U. N?
/ A. The details, I would think
/ of what kind of international
authority might be arranged
could be, I think would be
better a subject for the ne
gotiations and there could be
many different forms that II
would take, four-power, U. N.
or some other body. but il
must be one, of course, which
is acceptable to both sides
Evening star., 1961-11-29

the Reservists who have been
called up is bad. They claim
they don't have, many of them
say they have nothing to do
the equipment is inadequate
Do you care to comment?
A. Well, I have seen the
newspaper stories There is
not any doubt that any news
paper can go out and inter-
view a man who has been
called up. Their lives are dis
turbed. Many of them are
older. They all have jobs.
For most of them, it is a heavy
sacrifice. We are not at war.
They go to camps which have
perhaps been newly opened or
where the equipment may not
be Immediately available. They
are bound to be unhappy. I
have seen the stories N some
cases where newspapers have
reported that the Department
of Defense has determined to
keep these people in for more
than a year.
When it was proved that story
was wholly wrong, they write
that the Pentagon has changed
their mind and sent their le-
porters around to examine and
interview servlcemen and build
up the sense that Americans
are not ready to serve their
country.
Let me make it very clear, the
reason why we called these men
The reason we called these men
is that there is a direct clash
of interest in a major area
which is Berlin and West Ger
many. There also is increased
tension in Wet Nam. When we
came into office, we did not feel
that there was sufficient
strength in our conventional
forces of the Ia Army divisions
with three training divisions.
The United States has COM
mitments all around the world
While we rely on our nuclear
weapons, we also as have said,
have a choice between humilia-
ton and a holocaust.
Therefore, we believe calling
these men up and their willing
ness to serve increased the
chance of maintaining the
peace. There are countries
where leaders have talked very
strongly about standing firm in
various areas, but do not have
the military force to support
that statement. We require it
The United States is the strong
est power and the leader of the
free world, and as such we must
have the power to make ouI
commitments good.
Evening star., 1961-11-29

their cotton at a much lower
price than our manufacturers,
which puts our manufacturers
at a competitive disadvantage.
We do that for obvious reasons.
But we have to try to balance
off those burdens.
@. Mr.. President, a Republi-
can Congressman making an
swer to your speech in Los
Angeles in which you criticized
extremist groups went back to
1949 and got a speech you
made in Salem, Mass, in which
you reviewed the loss of Main
land China, and found in that
what he considered inconsist-
encies. Would you care to
comment on your view then
and now?
Evening star., 1961-11-29
Reports on Progress
Of Chimp's Flight
ID. M. President-

The President: This Chin
panzee who was flying in space
took off at 1908. He reports
everything going perfectly and
working well. (LaughterD
@. Mr.. President, now that
you have met with Chancellor
Adenauer, and British Prime
Minister Macmillan has met
with President de Gaulle, can
you give us your view, sir, of
the present state of Western
readiness for negotiations on
Berlin?
A. There is one more step to
be taken in that series of meet
ingS, and that is the meeting
between Chancellor Adenauer
and Gen. de Gaulle which was
supposed to take place this
week. but has been delayed a
week because of the Chancel-
lor's cold, but will take place
before the meeting of the for
eign ministers of NATO. At
that time we should be able to
answer more precisely.
@. Mr.. President, could you
clarity your rather mystifying
remark about a possible trip
abroad? Are you thinking of
going to the NATO meeting in
December?
A. No, I am not.
@. Could you tell us anything
more about it?
A. will as soon as we have
made a decision about whether
such a trip would be useful, but
I am not thinking about going
to NATO. I don't mean to be
at all unresponsive, but the trip
has not been-a trip has not
been definitely arranged and
until it is, it depends on cir
cumStances which may develop
in the future, and therefore
really it is about the status that
I suggested
Evening star., 1961-11-29

stands. What we desire is that
the people of these countries
will have a free choice. If they
choose to follow under a con-
dition of freedom, as I have
said, with sufficient oppor-
tunity for alternative views to
be presented, then we accept
that. We would feel, also. of
course, that If they should
choose the Communist system,
then they should also be given
the opportunity at another
date to make another choice.
That is what we regard as
freedom.
That is not the view that has
heen held by the Soviet Union.
I would prefer to make that
as a general statement rather
than apply it to any particular
country because some coun-
tries are having difficulty, and
I am not sure any statement
we might make at this time
would be of assistance to them.
@. Mr.. President, you and
your wife and other members
of your family have declined
to go to private clubs and other
functions, even benefits of
churches, where there was
racial segregation.
I wonder if you don't think
it is simply fair if the PreSi-
dent of the United States,
members of the Cabinet, United
States officers and others
should decline to speak and
participate also, at functions
where women newspaper re-
porterS are barred.
A. I feel l have many re-
sponSibilities and the press has
less. I would think that the
press should deal with that
problem. I think it would be
most appropriate if the mem
bers of the Press Club had a
meeting and permitted you to
come and present your views
to them. (LaughterG
Evening star., 1961-11-29

it can be, and I know how un-
satisfactory it is, will recog-
nize that he is contributing to
the security of his family in a
most direct way. In these days
when weapons are so terrible,
the important thing is to main
tain the peace, and they are
helping to do it. I think it is
up to us to make sure that
they do get the equipment.
1t is up to us to make sure
their training is useful. AS I
have said, we have sent the
Inspector General out to Wash
ington to look at the camp and
talk to the people involved.
But / do think it would be
well for us to recognize that
in the first place, these men
are not going to be kept longer
than a year. There has never
been such a proposal in the
Pentagon that I have ever
heard, newspaper reports to
the contrary Notwithstanding
This has never been suggested.
Secondly, it is cur hope to
get these men out before their
II months period.
Third, these men we're called
in at the request of the ad-
ministration and with the ap-
proval of the Congress which
gave us the authorization to
call them. In my opinion they
are rendering a valuable func-
ton. We are going to get them
out as quickly as we can. But
they are doing a service and
I hope they recognize it, and
l hope all of US who are in a
position to communicate will
explain to them and their
families how important their
service is today.
Evening star., 1961-11-29
Explains Action
On Cotton Imports

@. Mr.. President, do you IA
vor. and did you urge on Chan.
cellor Adenauer, closer ties
particularly political ties be.
tween the two halves of Ger
many?
A. No. In answer to your first
question, the reason l am
answering it with some ques.
ton, is the 'ties" at the pres.
ent time, as you know. the
East Germans and West Ger
mans negotiate with regard tt
trade. So we have to decide
and those negotiations may
continue and we will have 6
clearer idea Of what form they
will take if we get into a ne.
gotiation, political ties coulc
be defined in so many ways
that I think unless you woulc
be prepared to define it more
precisely. I think the wiser
thing would be to wait until We
got into negotiation with the
Soviet Union and then to de.
termine what these relation
ships would be.
I think my interview on Sat-
urday indicated my genera,
view of the Federal Republic
and its actions in the future.
@. Mr.. President, you have
eSpoused more liberal trade
barriers. Yet. the other day,
you put machinery in motion
that could result in a higher
import duty on cotton textiles
1 understand the japanese have
protested. How do you square
your policy on lowering trade
barriers?
A. I square il in an attempt
to achieve a balance which
serves the interest OF the united
States in those countries which
are involved around the world,
I will point out that the United
States does sell cotton at a
price which is vastly lower
than an American mauufac-
turer can buy it for.
We sell at the world price
which represents a contribu-
ton by the United States to
each pound or bale of cotton
which is sold abroad which per-
mits a manufacturer in a coun-
try around the world to buy
Evening star., 1961-11-29

That would be difficult to
achieve but I believe would be
one Of the chief points in any
negotiations.
@. Mr.. President, Congress-
man Fogarty has criticized as
a devastating blow to major
areas of medical research, the
recent cut of $50 million by the
Department of Health, Educa-
ton and Welfare, from the
budget of the National Insti-
tutes of Health.
Also, in the name of econ
omy, the Atomic Energy Com
mission has announced curtail-
ment of its reactor program.
Would you comment on this,
and is any consideration being
given to restoring these cuts?