davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-03-20
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
High-LeveI Study of Blackjack
BY THOMAS R. HENRI

Inc ancient army game OF
blackjack can be played
mathematically with q near
certainty Of winning.
It's probably the most
popular game in the services.
In all likelihood veterans in
Caesars legions in Gaul took
the pay Of recruits with
something like it. It was
played in candlelit tents and
on shell-Swept hillsides in
Normandy and Korea. It will
be played In wars two CEN
turies hence, II there are any
armies then.
1T is altogether, however,
a matter of high mathemat-
les for determining the like
lihood Of getting 81 points
in the maze of "a billion pos
sible combinations of playing
cards. Recruits, even top
kicks, probably will never be
expert mathematicians.
A mechanical calculator,
able to think" q few thou
sand times faster than q
man, would have an over
whelming advantage and
probably could clean up a
fortune in a short campaign.
Too Complex for Most
The way to win, mathe-
matically, at blackjack is de-
Scribed in a report issued
through the National Acad-
emy of Sciences, the senate
Of American science, by DR..
Edward Thorp of the mathe-
mates department of Mas
Sachusetts Institute of Tech
nology. From his footnotes
it appears that some of this
country's foremost mathema-
ticians have worked on the
problem in the past. a.
With the methods outlined
by the Massachusetts, Tech
mathematician q player
could almost always main
tain a slight advantage
ranging from .04 to q high
Of .88 per cent. This would
be enough to clear a small
fortune during any moder-
ately prolonged campaign.
The mathematics is far too
complex for popular descrip-
ton.
The scientists, of course,
were concerned only with the
mathematical principles in
volved. National Academy
members don't intend to play
blackjack in intervals be-
tween learned lectures.
The techniques, after all,
are hardly for GIs or-for
the most part-even for Or
dinary top-kicks. But some
folks are predicting these
days that the sergeantS Of
a future war may be q good
deal like mechanical calcu-
lators.
The research, by the way,
was supported in part by
the Air Force Office of Sci
entific Research. The prob
lens involved, presumably,
have some application to air
or space navigation.
. A&&
A bird species expands
vastly In numbers In the abb
Evening star., 1961-03-20

ciSely Chang himself, would
be preferred by them.
This Of course brings UP
the whole issue of whether
or not the peoples Of the
world are represented at the
U. N. For the most part they
are not. Actually the only
peoples represented are those
in countries having leaders
chosen by free, secret bal
lots which leaders then ap-
point U. N. delegates. Some
other peoples may have fair
representation perhaps. But,
for example the captive ma
tions. of which there are
many in both Europe and
Asia, plus one In the West
ern Hemisphere, are not rep
resented at the U. N. Dele
gates from those geographic
areas are not representing
the people there but only the
small clique of the Commu-
mist Party. It is comparable
in a certain degree to a sit
uation where the 180 million
Of citizens in the United
States would be represented
at the U. N. by delegates
selected by the 10000 men,
bers Of the Communist Party
Of the United States.
I doubt If many of us cit
izens would feel we were rep
resented at the U. N. So any
argument that the 600 mil
lion Chinese would be repre-
sented at the U. N. If Peiping
sent delegates is unrealistic,
facetious, pitiful.
= Perhaps the West should
insist that If Peiping is ad-
mitted, each captive nation
should have a U. N. delega-
ton from its CITIZENSHIP
exile. its refugee groups.
These groups have in many
cases kept at least loose or
ganization and the personnel
is probably well equipped in
tellectually to represent the
captured citizens still behind
the Iron Curtain. Support
for these delegations would
come very likely from our
own taxpayers as foreign
aid, but it would be money
rightly spent. and we pay
we'll over a third of the q. N.
expenses anyway.
= Realist.
Evening star., 1961-03-20
THE PASSING SCENE
Who Is Hungry? And Where?
BY RALPH McGILL
Who is hungry in America

Who is hungry in America ?
And where are most of the
hungry?
The answers may be found
in the U. s. Department of
Agriculture's figures. On
February 81, Secretary Free
man said the principal fea-
lures of the new farm pro-
gram initiated in the first
weeks had been emergency
measures. The first listed
was more vigorous use of
our agricultural abundance.
Amplifying this, the Sec
retary said:
with respect to the Wig
orous use of abundance we
have added canned pork and
gravy, dry beans, dried eggs,
and peanut butter to the
other foods (already on the
program) such as flour,
cornmeal, nonfat dry milk,
rice, lard and butter"
These foods now are being
distributed to those eligible
for participation in donated
commodities. There are
many who long have been on
such relief. They receive such
assistance as a normal serv-
ice by a vaguely compre-
hended government"
Others accept them CRATE
fully as relieving a desperate
need. Others come in sorrow
and some feeling of shame,
saying, sometimes tearfulIy,
Il never thought I'd come
to this"
It is the custom for
thoughtless persons to con-
slider. all those who accept
such public assistance as
dead beats, shiftless and
buns. Nothing could be more
wrong. Some, of course, fit
these categories. There are
some who are, as charged,
dead beats.
AS long as they live they
will never again be an eco
nomic asset. Something has
died in them. They have
neither pride nor hope. Most
OF them nurse a resentment
against things as they are.
And, like others better off,
they rarely blame themselves.
Majority Have Worked Hard
But a heavy majority of
those who draw such foods
from the Nations abundance
are persons who have worked
hard all their lives and who
would work again if they
could.
Some have worked as hard
as the mules they once fol-
lowed across so many dreary
years as sharecroppers, ten
ants, renters" or "hands. 1"
Others have dug coal for half
a lifetime or more.
Included also in their num-
Der are those who used to do
what was called day labor"
before the machines came to
dig the bitches for sewers,
Evening star., 1961-03-20

sence Of competition from
other species.
Thus relatively isolated
Bermuda, which has only 10
species Of native birds, has
as many individuals as con-
tinental areas Of compar-
ative size with hundreds of
species.
This is a clear demon
stration Of the old thesis
that nature abhors q vac,
uum," according to a report
issued through the National
Academy Of Sciences of DR..
Kenneth Crowell Of the Uni
versity Of Pennsylvania. His
research was sponsored by
the National Science Foun-
dation.
Birds Impoverished
IF one were able to re-
move the majority of species
from a fauna" DR.. Crowell
reports, those species re-
naming might be expected
to increase their numbers
through exploitation of food
and habitats relinquished by
the missing species. From
the extent to which this ne
cessitated the acquisition of
new behavior, the original
relationships of the inches
could in part be inferred.
1he birds Of Bermuda, i'm
poveriShed by virtue Of its
isolation but including sew
eral North American species,
presents an approximation of
such a situation.
CenSuses show the 10 COM
mon land birds of Bermuda
to achieve total populations
as great as those of all spe-
cieS in comparable continen-
tai communities. Eighty per
cent of such populations
were composed of three spe-
cies found in eastern North
America. the cardinal, cat
bird and white-eyes vireo.
denSities than they do in
North America. Feeding be-
haNor and habitat selection
lie within the range of abili-
ties exercised in North Amer
lea. But distribution curves
Of feeding methods and feed
ing heights in Bermuda are
significantly different from
those on the mainland and
there is a limitation Of in
nate abilities due to the par
ticular competitive situation"
Evening star., 1961-03-20
Prestige Safe

We have among us certain
troubled souls who have been
worrying lest we lose prestige
abroad, especially among the
tribes Of Africa. Now,
wouldn't that be Just too bad!
In view of recent events in
the Congo, some tribes
might well look to their own
prestige. I'll put American
prestige up against theirs
any time. Elmer C.. Helm.
Evening star., 1961-03-20
Seating Red China Seen as Suicide for u. N.

Your recent editorial
GU. N. and Red China")
on the mounting pressure
for recognition of Commu-
mist China in the U. N. is
both vital and timely.
Having just resigned as
Deputy Assistant Secretary
of State for International
Omitted Nations) Organiza-
ton Affairs and having rep
resented the United States
at many major international
conferences during the past
two years where the major
preoccupation has been to
combat Communist Russia's
efforts to subvert confuse,
disrupt and divide interna-
tional understanding and CO.
operation, I strongly agree
that to admit Red China to
membership would be certain
suicide for the U. N.
AS your editorial points
out, it is. unthinkable that
the United States can ever
recognize the use of force to
gain admission to an organi-
zation dedicated to tn e
maintenance of peace, that
we would reject a loyal and
steadfast ally, the Republic
of China and grant Com
munist China a seat on the
Security Council with Com
munist Russia and yet an
other veto to block every
constructive endeavor to
promote and protect the Sc
curity and welfare of all ma
tions to live in peace with
freedom.
However, the assault on
our Governments long
standing bipartisan policy
against any recognition Of
Red China is under way. And
national policies and public
opinion favorable to the Sc
curity and freedom of Asia
cannot be strengthened and
maintained without constant
and vigorous leadership and
influence by an interested
and dedicated citizenship.
Any weakness and deteriora-
ton in Asian security criti-
cally threatens the strength
and security of the United
States and the entire free
world.
The present possibility Of
. change In our Govern
Evening star., 1961-03-20
Loyal Citizen

AS the daughter Of slave
parents and an American
citizen, who has enjoyed and
been benefited by the many
privileges granted to me and
mine, I feel like publicly
pledging my allegiance to
the Flag Of the United States
of America and to the Repu-
bile for which it stands; one
Nation indivisible, under
God, with liberty and justice
for all.
Elizabeth Kicks,
Evening star., 1961-03-20

Pen names may be used If
letters carry tDrtters' correct
names and addresses. All let
terS ore subject to condensd-
ton. Those not used tDill be
returned only tDhen accom-
panied BY self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-03-20
Answers to Questions
BY THE HASKINS SERVICE

@, At what battle did the
famous Charge Of the Light
Brigade take palce?-B. j.
A. This occurred on Octo-
ber rs, 1854, at the Battle Of
Balaklava, a small village
near Sevastopol in the
Russian. Crimea. The Light
Brigade was an English
cavalry unit attached to the
combined British, French,
and Turkish armies opposing
the Russians. The charge
itself lasted only 20 minutes,
but Of. the 673 who partook
in the action 247 were lost.
The Brigade also lost 497
horses.
Evening star., 1961-03-20

water and gas mains, for
drainage, or foundations.
The pick-and-shovel man
began to become obsolete
about the same time the iron
mule began to crowd the
four-legged animals, and the
man who guided (and loved)
them, off the land.
Where, then, are the hun
cry? Every State has some.
But surely the great cities
have the most?
The answer is that they
have many. But the January,
1851, figures, just released,
show that Mississippi had
more persons drawing such
assistance than any other
State. Her total was a whop-
ping, 100000. Pennsylvania,
an industrial State, was next
with 371,89O.
Thus does hunger and hu-
man need link the Delta and
the steel mills. (There was no
protest in Mississippi of vio-
lating the States rights to
care for its own. Nor was
there any roar about outside
interference.)
Michigan's depressed in
dustrial cities ran her COM
modify distribution total to
279,4 ,462. West Virginia, which
has prosperous industrial
cities and depressed coal
mining areas, had 261,747.
Arkansas was at 208,012.
Kentucky, also hard-hit in
her mining region, had 247,-
643.
They then began to drop
off, though the numbers are
not comforting: Louisiana,
159,143; Texas, 152,454; Ten
neSsee, 1T,077, and Ohio,
1878.
South Has Most Hungry
On the basis of total recip-
tents. the South had the most
hungry persons - 1,579,052.
This was the only geographic
region above a million. The
Southwest was not quite as
hungry as the Northwest
80l,23 against S02,167.
The bread basket Of the
Nation, the fat corn and
wheat states, where industry
also is, turned UP 722,525
hungry enough to seek food
from our abundance"
These figures represent
men, women and children
Americans down on their luck.
Many are there temporarily.
Some will be there q long
time. Others will never know
any other regular source of
food.
Obviously, this is not some
thing for church baskets"
or a Christmas handout. We
solve it, to be sure, with
socialism. But since it is
charity, and these are our
people, let us say we go at
it in the American way,
ultra-liberal though it may
seem to those who have never
missed a meal.
Evening star., 1961-03-20

ment's policy on China poses
the most critical issue af-
fecting the national security
of the United States today.
Now is the time for the
American people to express
their grave concern for the
deepening crisis in Asia
where Communist Chinese
aggression, first in Korea,
then Wet Nam, Tibet and
now Laos, threatens all Of
Southeast Asia. Every effort
must be made urgently to
strengthen and maintain
policies and public opinion
favorable to the security and
freedom of Asia. I suggest
your readers contact me at
once for action (ME. 8-4577,
or Barr Building, Washing
ton, D. c..
Horace Edw. Henderson.
y = -
The Stars pointed edito-
rial on Red China March
12) really ought to be re-
printed about once a week
until the U. N. meets again
in September. And I'd like
to add a few points. Some
advocates Of Red China's ad-
mission to U. N. say the 900
million Chinese have no rep
resentation there now, Well,
let's think about that. Prob
ably Free China (the For
moSa regime) represents the
majority of the 900 million
Chinese and the majority of
the so-called overseas" Chi
neSe in various border coun-
tries. The Peiping officials at
the very maximum probably
represent about s million
Chinese Communists, If
there are that many. Just as
in the Soviet Empire the So
Wet U. N. delegates represent
about 8 million Russian
Communists and indeed not
the Russian people. I believe
a poll of individual Chinese
would indicate the 600 mil
lion very well represented
right now at U. N. although
how such a poll could ever
be taken I don't know. The
intellectual leadership pres
ent for generations in China
would seem to indicate that
the principles of the Chang
Government, even If not pre-
Evening star., 1961-03-20
New Bible

Thank you so very much
for your very fine and true
editorial. "Tinkering With
the Bible" I agree with you
in everything you said.
I pity the children of this
present day who cannot or
do not memorize beautiful
passages.
I Thy Word have I hid in
my heart that I might not
sin against Thee" has saved
many in the past. What
about the future?
Attic B. Nicholson.
Evening star., 1961-03-20
LETTERS TO THE STAR

we'll to follow West Virginia's
example, thus sparing taxpay-
ers a double headache at fill
ing time.
K. D. YaSs.
Evening star., 1961-03-20
Teeth vs.. Stomach

X. d. VaSs.
Evening star., 1961-03-20
Complaint

Attic B. Nicholson.
Evening star., 1961-06-04

Win bankruptcy or receivership OF
being reorganixed under the Bankruptcy
Act, or securities assumed by such com
panies. XII ex-interest. Certificates
st st-Stamped. f-Dealt In fiat. x Matured
bonds, negotiability impaired by maturity.
Evening star., 1961-06-04
Investors Mailed
35th Edition of
Fucts & Fiqures

The 35th annual edition of
Facts and Figures on Washing
ton Securities is being distrib-
uted to investors by the Wash
ington office of Alex. Brown g.
Sons.
Recognized as the leading
guide to area investments, the
publication is edited by John
A. Washington. It describes
over 100 publicly traded stocks
and bonds Of banks and cor
porations, with headquarters in
the area.
New liStings in this years
edition include: Allied Small
Business Investment Corp.
BerenS Real Estate Investment
Corp, Crown Photo, Inc, Dart
Drug Corp, Greater Washing
ton Industrial Investments,
Inc, Servonics, Inc, and Vari-
able Annuity Life Insurance Co.
of America.
Evening star., 1961-06-04
Bonds Suffer
Sharp Shifts
During May
BY RICHARD H. HOENIG

Associated Frese r1nanclal WtlLer
NEW YORK, June 3.-May
was a month Of sharp ups and
downs in the bond market.
Government issues scared to
three-year price peaks early in
the month and then toppled
swiftly. The net result was the
worst overall setback since
August.
General easiness late in the
month failed to offset three
straight weekly advances by
corporates. They regained two
thirds Of April's losses.
Yesterday the Treasury dis
closed plans to borrow $l.8 bill
lion in new cash Thursday by
issuing additional amounts of
so 169-day bills to 18 issues
outstanding.
Government bonds fell from
a few 32ds to 2 points for the
month. Many lost "a.
In the latest week, shortened
by Memorial Day holidays,
prices declined % to / 1/l6.
Most Intermediates were off "a
or more while long issues fell
" to B, producing the first 4
per cent yield in months.
The tone Of corporates was
irregularly lower this week with
utilities and quality compon-
entS losing ground and rails
and induStrials ahead slightly.
Evening star., 1961-06-04
OVER COUNTER

The following bid and asked prices
are obtained from the National Asso-
ciatlon OF Securities Dealers, Inc, and
90 not represent actual transactions:
they are intended as q guide to the
approximate range within which these
securities could have been sold Cindi-
cated oy the bidl or bought Cindicated
BY the. asked) at the time of compila :
ton PM, friday. Origin OF any
quotation furnished upon request.
Evening star., 1961-06-04
ADVERTISEMENT. A
HOW | LICKED
THE HIGH COST
OF LIVING
By a Wall Street Journal
Subscriber

High prices and taxes were
keeping me broke. I simply had
to earn more money or reduce
expenses.
One day picked up a copy
Of The Wall Street Journal. In
the pages of that remarkable
newspaper l found immediate
help. An article on building
supplies gave me ideas on re-
modelling my home and showed
me how to save 5000. Another
article showed me a profit
making opportunity.
I sent for a Trial Subscrip-
tion to The Journal. l needed
its warnings. l cashed in on
the ideas it gave me. Articles
on food and clothing helped me
cut expenses. Articles on taxes
guided me on what to do to
keep my taxes down. Now I'm
slowly forging ahead.
This experience is typical.
The Journal is a wonderful aid
to salaried men making $500
to $25, 900. 1t is valuable to the
owner of a small business. 1t
can be of priceless benefit to
young men who want to win
advancement.
The Wall Street Journal is
the complete business DAILY.
Has largest staff of writer's on
business and finance. The only
business paper served by all
three big press associations. 1t
costs $24 a year, but you can
get a Trial Subscription for
three months for 81. Just tear
out this ad and attach check
for 81 and mail. Or tell us to
bill you. Address: The Wall
Street Journal, A Broad St.,
New York 4, NY wst,
Evening star., 1961-06-04
N. Y. BOND
SUMMARY

Furnished BY the Associated Press
Sales Net
(Sl,00oD High Lew Last Chg.
NEW YORK CITY
g 90 ls 974t s2la q lE-32 I I-32
Evening star., 1961-06-04

Rates of dividends in the foregoing table are annual
disbursements based on the last quarterly semi
annual declaration Unless otherwise noted, special or
extra dividends not included.
Also extra or extras b-Annual rate plus stock
dend e.Paid last year f-Payable in stock during
lSo estimated cash value ex-dvidend ex-dstri-
button date. Declared or paid SO far this year h
Declared or paid after stock dividend or split up. K
declared or paid this year, accumulatve issue
with dividends in arrears. p-Pad this year, dividend
omitted, deferred or no actiss taken at last dividend
meeting. r-Decared paid In 1850 plus stock divi-
dend Playable in stock during 1850, estimated cash
value, on exdividend or redistribution date. y-Lq-
uidating dividend
cd-Called. xd-Ex dividend KIDS -Ex distribution
M-Ex rights. xw-Without warrants. ww-With war.
rants wd-When distributed wi-When issued nd
Next day delivery
Win bankruptcy or receivership or being reor.
ganized under the Bankruptcy Act securities as
suned by such companies
Evening star., 1961-05-04
tOddIerS', tots wear
Washington. LonsIey Pork, ShirIinston


Washington. Lonsey Pork, Shirlinston
were comparable to now
So Boys Cotton Shirts, short or long
sleeves, broken sizes ------ Z.99 l.99
AZ Tot Boys Sports Shirts short tor
sleeves, broken sizes -------- 80 800
90 Tots 6 Todders Cotton BIouses ! .99to tor
and Blouse Slips, broken sizes Z.99 500
20 Tots g Todders' Cotton Bouses,
broken sizes ~ 2ee l.9s
TOTS WEAR-Washington, Fourth Floor;
Langley Park and ShirltnotoH' Second Floor
girls, SubteenS' wear
Washington, Lonsley Pork, ShiTinstOn
were comparable TO now
AZ Girls Lined jacket Dresses,
sleeveless dress, short jacket, $500
Nov onIy Tia 799 3.9S
28 Subteens' Dresses, cotton Toi- 1870
Iored or dressy Sizes 6-l4--- 1929 400
LonsIey Pork store only
Girls Spring Coots, wooIs
blends Of WOOL Assorted styles, l4oo to
broken sizes w --.---- 1899 500
8 Subteens Porty Dresses, nyons
and other dressy fobrics. Broken 1893 to
sizes ---------------- l4.99 7.99
10 Subteens' Wool Coots and Cot l4ooto
ton Dusters broken sizes ----- 1899 1000
GIRLS. SUBTEENS' WEAR Washington. Fourth Floor;
Langley Park and Shtrltn0ton, Second Floor
Evening star., 1961-05-04

Mony sizes in group. Assorted cotton, royon
or linen cloths. Slightly soiIed.
LINENS-Wdshtn srd H.
Evening star., 1961-05-04
Washington store only
traverse draperieS

Washington store only
traverse draperieS
Cotton soteen lined droperies Of textured spun royon
and cotton in contemporary prints.
comparable to now
81 Prs Single Width 63" long. Pr 1899 500
IS Prs Single Width, 90" long. Pr. l299 500
Observation-Disclosures. Fourth Floor
draperieS
Washington store only
were comparable to now
200 Yds Selection Of Dropery Fob
RIGS, prints, solids. Royon and
ocetote. 48" wide, various ! o9to
coIors. Yd.------. ----- 2.39 99e
IA Screen Printed Acetate and
Royon Antique Sotn PoneIs,
48" wide, ~" long, Eo. eoo l.ee
Cotton Printed Chair Throws,
6Ox72" size, muIticoIors. Eo. 398 l.99
Silk Covered Kopok- Filled TV
Cushions, large Eo.------4- 998 4.e9
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. Fourth Floor
Evening star., 1961-05-04
popular SpOrtSWear
Washington, Langley Park. Shirlinston

popular SpOrtSwear
Washington. LonsIey Pork. ShirIinstOn
were comparable to now
200 Misses 2-pc Shirt Dresses,
cotton, roII-up sleeves Solids
and prints lO-l6 ------- 5.99 4.s9
Washington store only
$50 Misses Sleeves BIouses, prints, SO to
smoI sizes -,,-.----.---, , . 29S 100
80 Misses Jomoco Shorts solid 499 to
coIors, assorted sizes 5.99 Z.s9
LonsIey Park Store only
100 Misses Oocron Poyester ond
Silk Linen-Type Skirts, self
belt Block, hot pink, blue.
Sizes l0-l6 -------------- 3.99 Z.99
40 Motchinq Embroidered BIouses,
stripes, solids, checks, ro-up
sleeves NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. Z.99 l.SS
POPULAR OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES. Street Floor;
Langley Park. First Floor
gloves
Washington store only
were comparable TO now
IS Prs Womens Double Woven
Nyon Gloves, plain or foncy
trims, hand or pique sewn; most
shorte lengths White Not oil
sizes in oil styles ZOO 1.S
GLoVES-Woshnoton. Street Floor
Washington, Langley Pork, Shirlinston
were comparable to
50 Heavy Cardboard Toy Chests
with circus prints 49o I'oo
NoTIoNS-Washin0ton. Street Floor: LsnOLey Park.
First Floor; ShirlH0oH, Second Floor