davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-02-14
Lumumbo's Death

The killing or Patr1ce Lumumba,
whatever the truth as to how he met
his death, promises more trouble and
greater terror for the already troubled
and terrorized Congo, even though there
has been surprisingly little reaction
there up to this time.
In Katanga, the oficial version Is
that Lumumba was killed by tribesmen
who thought him armed and who feared
him. But the refusal Of the od1cial
spokesman to say precisely where the
killing occurred, to identity the tribes
men or to permit any examination Of the
bodies Of Lumumba and his two cornpan-
ions casts strong doubt on this version.
There have been rumors that Lumumba
was killed some time ago and that the
story Of his escape" from jail was put
forward to cover up the facts. Something
ofsthis sort is more likely to be believed
In those sections Of the Congo where
the deposed Premier's influence was
strong.
What now will follow is in the lap
of the gods. RuSsia's readily predictable
reaction is already on the record.
valerian A. Zorin, Soviet delegate to the
U. N, has said that the Katanga Prov
ince government of Moishe Tshombe
must be made to pay for the killing, and
he has also used the incident to renew
the Soviet attack on Dag Hammarskjold,
q. N. Secretary General Clearly, the
Kremlin win be busy casting its lures
into these troubled waters. Others, such
a. Egypt,s President Nasser, have fol-
loved much the same line.
Agraver threat lies In the possibility
Of civil war In the Congo, accompanied
BY fresh atroeities against Europeans
and anti Lumumba natives. Should
nghting break out between the Lumumba
followers on the one hand and those Of
President KaSavubu and troops con-
trolled by President Tshombe of seces-
si6nist Katanga Province on the other,
TIE position Of the U. N. Congo mission
could speedily become hopeless. It has
nd authority, under its instructions, to
intervene in a civil war, nor, for that
matter, has it any authority to investi-
gSfe the Lumumba killing or to punish
those responsible. Thus, II real fighting
breaks out, It may become necessary to
withdraw the u. N. troops, with conse-
Quences for the Congo, surrounding
Africa, and perhaps the world, which
cannot now be foreseen.
There Is one thing, however, which,
at least in retrospect, can be clearly
seen. The Congo and Its people were
almost wholly unready for independence
and self f-government. Had the Belgians
been permitted to stay on, solution,
given time, might have been worked
out. But the shrill outcries against
"c0lonialism," some sincere and others
phcny, and the zeal to tear down one
political structure without the foggiest
notion as to what would take its place,
have done their work only too well. The
question now is whether anything short
of outside control for a long period OF
time can salvage what Is left Of the
liberated" Congo.
Evening star., 1961-02-14
Facts and Opinions
staff Writa- OrAaru

Staff Writer OLeary's re-
port Of the. Senate Banking
Committee hearing Of the
Weaver nomination was fact
ual and objective. It was in
the tradition Of honest and
impersonal Journalism and a
credit to The Star. On the
other hand. Staff Writer Nc
Grory's report Of the same
hearing reeked with personal
bias and uncalled-for abuse
Of the Southern Senator's
whose duty 1t was to examine
the qualifications Of Mr..
Weaver.
Certainly Miss McGrory is
entitled to her personal opin-
ion Of Southern Senators,
especially those who happen
to oppose forced racial inte-
grafton. But I do not think
The Star should publish her
opinions and impressions as
though she were accurately
reporting the news. 1t seems
to me that Miss McGrory's
proper role is that of a par
tisan commentator and that
her articles properly belong
on the editorial page so that
readers can accept them for
what they are.
Harvey H. Hewitt.
Evening star., 1961-02-14
Big Leap Toward Venus

Lie 6OV16L Ou1Ou IL 10 DC COuBIAbu=
lated on its latest achievement In space.
For this thrust toward Venus, the planet
nearest our own, Is the first ever
attempted by man, and 1t seems In
many ways the most spectacular, II not
the most important, feat Of its kind yet
accomplished by the Russians.
At any rate, the piggy hack rocketry
involved has massively impressive
quality about 1t. Although current
reports from Moscow do not give
!, detailed description, they make clear
that. the launching operation consisted
of two major stages: (1) The orbiting OF
a heavy" satellite-the carrier or
mother Sputnik. And (2) the firing
from this vehicle, while circling the
earth at speed Of around $4,000 miles
an hour, of guided missile that "set
an automatic interplanetary station on
a fight to the planet Venus"
If all goes well, this station
which weighs more than 1,4O0 pounds
and which apparently Is sending back
a steady stream Of information to the
USSR-will arrive In the area Of Venus,
and perhaps land on It or orbit around
It, in the second half Of May. But even
If the machine veers OF course, even II
it gets lost somewhere among the stars,
the Russians still will have ample reason
to take pride in this newest Of their
spatial "firsts," at least insofar as 1t
demonstrates the power and virtuoSity
of their rocket booster systems. In that
respect, as our experts have acknowl-
edged, the United States viii require up
to another two years Of developmental
work before being able to duplicate what
the SovietS have just achieved.
But this should come as surprise
to nobody. After all, the fact has been
well publicized that we are considerably
behind the Russians in the thrust power
Of our rockets and probably will not be
able to equal or excel their celestial
weight lifting capacity until 1864. This
places us at distinct disadvantage In
the field Of propaganda, but it appears
to have no real significance In terms OF
intercontinental ballistic missiles. True,
some commentators see In the piggy
back technique-the firing OF rockets
from orbiting space platforms"-a
grave pOCenIAaA uASAdCcS DuV Way ASSoA'
to such elaborate and costly arrange
ments when the ICBMs can be fred
more easily, less extensively and perhaps
with greater accuracy from launching
pads on earth?
Actually, despite the present In
feriority Of our rocket thrust power,
President Kennedy may well be right in
declaring that our country Is ahead Of
Russia in the science and technology Of
space. Still, the Soviet probe toward
Venus is brilliant event that should
sober any Of those among US who may
feel complacent about our American
position in this great and fateful
competition.
Evening star., 1961-02-14
Nd. U. Exponsion

y
The University Of Mary
land is showing an acute
interest in its own expansion
by including within itself the
State Teachers Colleges at
FroStburg. Towson, and Sails
bury. Currently. they want
only Frostburg. for expert
Il1entation purposes.
We at Frostburg State
Teachers College want to
make clear that we are
very much opposed to the
University Of Maryland en-
gulfing US within an
amoeba-like Organism that
threatens to spread over
the entire State. We feel
that subservience to the
University, with all its prop
ositions. holds no benefit
for us Of Frostburg.
The first tremendous Inn
provement they wish to put
into effect Is what they term
"a uniform charge" Of 5000
annually for room and board.
At present our room and
board costs us only $266 per
year. What will they give
us for that extra $334?
They also offer Us the
expansion Of the teacher edu-
cation program to include a
diploma in senior high
education. We have already
included this plan in our
curriculum. II has been in
effect since last May. Also
in effect is the full liberal
arts program that the Uni
versity says we do not possess.
Another advantage" we
will have (and this is where
students from the Washing
ton and Baltimore areas come
in) is the democratic" choice
to attend the branch college
that the university tells us
to. In other words, we of
Montgomery and Prince
Georges Counties will 60 to
the College Park campus.
Although they will not re-
quire this Of us. they GER
tainly encourage" us to do
1t. Students desiring to at
tend a school not within
committing distance would
not be eligible for considera-
ton for scholarships or loan
funds for room and board"
offered by the University.
We feel that this is neither
democratic nor fair.
Increased expenses, no
choice Of school, travel haz-
ards, loss of valuable cam
puS experiences and q cut
in budget--can any small
advantages Of this plan
possibly outweigh these great
disadvantages?
5sS Carolyn J. Brooks,
Student at F.s.T.C.
Evening star., 1961-02-14
Demands on yEK

I fail to see that the Pres
ident has any responsibility
for seeing that the drive for
funds for the proposed cul-
ture center is successful, as
you say in your editorial.
Nowadays, everyone with a
pet project seems to think
that the President should
get back Of it, but I hope
and trust that he has sufff-
cient Judgment not to let
himself be pushed into ac-
cepting more responsibilities
than legitimately belong to
his Job.
= George ID. Watrous, Jr.
Evening star., 1961-02-14
He0rtIess Policy?

Your front page. February
10, quotes comments by Doc.
tors Pell and D'Alonzo about
heart attack data of EN-.
ployes Of the e. I. du Pont
de Nemours & Co.
The story is of interest be-
cause another article that had
appeared in the ANA journal
by these doctors impressed
the Federal Aviation Agency
so much. FAA made that ar
ticle Q part of q court ex-
hibit to justify the Govern
rnent's unprecedented order
to industry which deprived
qualified airline pilots, over
age SO. Of their normal EN-.
ployment.
! never could see that the
article was intended as ap-
propriate for use to disquali-
fy competent pilots by chron-
illogical age. But considering
the enormous power bestowed
on FAA by the FAA Act of
1858. I guess FAA didn't need
ANYTHING too appropriate.
The current article by Drs,
Pell and D'Alonzo may or
may not be intended to apply
to healthy pilots.
It is interesting, though.
that the doctors now find
that the lowest incidence of
heart attacks is among those
IN the high income bracket:
that job responsibility is not
necessarily an indicator of
the degree Of stress to which
an individual is subjected.
and that persons in mana
gerial Cor command) posi-
tlons may derive a great deal
OF satisfaction from their
Jobs and be less subject to
heart attacks than others not
so situated.
Seems to me that airline
pilots should qualify, and no
sweat. Robert e. TrimbIe.
Evening star., 1961-02-14
Hope for Retarded
I conRratulate Presider

] cOngr6Jul9Ce PRESIDENT
Kennedy for his keen mind,
his courage to criticize and
his ability to identity the
present anemic program in
medical research for the men
tally retarded.
Unfortunately. I do not
know or understand a. much
Is I should like to about poll
tics, but I like what ! see in
our new President. I have
read much about this man.
his fine character and intel
Ngence. Life has taught him
much in feeling for the less
fortunate human being. In
these uncertain times, amid
days Of uneasy peace
throughout the world. new
paths Of happiness and hope
now seem to brighten hori-
IONS for the mentally re.
tarded children, their fami-
lies and the thousands Of
brain-injured babies yet to
be born.
Mental retardation takes q
toll Of suffering and economic
waste which IL unmatched
by any type Of disability.
Excluded from the school
and social life Of his friends,
not accepted In our society,
often hidden, more often re-
diculed-his heart does not
break alone. There 10 no
greater tagedy, no greater
pain for q family than to
zee its child pushed from
the normal paths Of living.
unable to find o place for
itself in the scheme Of things.
He remains an alien.
We must not overlook the
fact that millions Of handi-
capped children are receiving
disgracefully inadequate care.
The average per capita cost
Of daily care for the mentally
deficient In state hospitals
and state : supported resi-
dence centers is $4.07 as COM
pared with $28.27 per patient
per day in general hospi-
tails Excluding physicians
feel. Our President Is wise
to recognize the necessity
for Q Child Health Center,
wise to recognize the dire
need for research into the
causes for mental retarda-
ton. The only cure-preven-
ton. The Child Health Cen
ter would open o new world
for all brain-injured babies.
Finally, may I say that
the test Of our Nation is to
be found in the manner in
which 1t cares for its weak
est members. The innocent
retarded children are every
body's responsibility and
nobody's fault. Let's help
them-not hide them.
Mabel Rock Kaplan,
Director, the Cliffy Center.
Evening star., 1961-02-14
SoLutes Police
Il Is indeed q shame Il

It is indeed q shame that
the courage and unselfish
deeds Of our police are 80
often overlooked. or taken
for granted, until o tragedy
or crisis arises such as that
which occurred February 2.
claiming the lives Of seven
elderly people. The heroism
displayed that day by q met
ropolitap detective, In the
course Of duty, evoked the
admiration Of our citizens.
but this admiration Is so
often only transitory. and
wfll In o short span Of time
turn to indifference as this
mans deed fades into the
obscure past. We often tend
to overlook or discredit their
devotion, and when one is
accused Of malfeasance or
negligence In the line Of
duty. our apathy soon turns
to antipathy and resentment.
We forget that the job Of q
police officer Is an exacting
one. calling for intelligence,
stamina and devotion to the
cause Of justice.
Perhaps it Is an idealistic
concept, but the devoted of
ficers who fulfil these ideals
represent the heart Of an
efficient police department.
We must not forget that they
are citizens, like Us all, who
bear equally the responsible
ties and duties Of American
citizensl1ip. But In addition
10 thess ohllgations, they also
carry. 40 policemen, the ex-
tremely onerouS ones Of the
safety. welfare and order Of
the community ct large.
Theirs b . Job that takes
them around the clock, into
all environments. upholding
law and order, when condi-
tionS are ct their best, and
when they are, more than
likely. at their worst. There
Is no guarantee Of personal
safety. for they are Q poten-
tial target for any trigger
happy gunmAn. There Is no
assurance that their hours
at home win not be inter-
Tupted by the sudden call to
duty call which often rep
resents long. grueling hours
Of overtime work. These are
the things which we should
all remember when we are
ready to criticize their Job,
for this Is the easy thing to
do. but difficult indeed Is it
to praise, and what Is more
important, to support with
our active cooperation.
In their constant and new
er-ending battle against crime
and corruption. these dedi-
Gated public servants require
our assistance and interest,
for only then can they truly
serve the public, whose In
terests they all should rep
resent. Let as not forget these
men then, lest in doing so
we forget that an efficient
and well-trained police de-
partment Is the first step,
and often need be the only
one, in the administration Of
justice.
Roger M. Whelan.
Georgetown Univ. Law Center.
Evening star., 1961-02-14
Would Divide Nation
The Crowded Sky

WISH 70 take issue with
your editorial Of February 4
concerning the development
Of q reliable device for pre-
venting mid-air collisions Of
airplanes.
Instead Of encouraging this
research perhaps you could
write an editorial showing
the need for the Federal Avi-
alton Agency to have more
control over the Nations air
highways. The problem Is
really twofold: one, complete
radar control Of all CONNER
cial flights. and two, the ne
cessity for the FAA to can
Gel scheduled flights in bad
weather.
Let's look at some facts.
After the Grand Canyon dis
aster several years ago, the
possibility Of radar control Of
all commercial airliners was
discussed between the FAA
and Congress. Congress said
1t would cost too much. They
did. however, appropriate a
limited amount Of money.
This appropriation permit
ted the radar control Of COM
mercial airliners within GER
tain attitudes. Outside of
these attitudes pilots are on
their own. they must use vFR
visual flight rules) even In
bad weather.
The next major disaster
occurred over New York City
IN q snowStorIn last Decen-
ber. It involved a United Air
Lines DC-8 jetliner and a
TWA Constellation. OF all the
mid-air collisions, this was
the payoff. The FAA charged
United Air Lines with negli-
gence and United Air Lines
charged the FAA with failure
to conduct proper GOA
(ground control approach
procedures. Each Is trying to
blame the other. It developed
during the investigation that
the TWA Constellation was
on radar control but the
DC-8 jetliner was not. Why?
Obviously. complete radar
control Of all commercial air
liners, and especially Jets
with their very high speeds,
is not provided for by the
FAA. And the FAA hasn't
been able to do it because
Congress was, and probably
still is, reluctant to spend
the money. Had the jet been
on radar control from the
ground, chances are a COLI
sion could have been averted.
But the big question re-
garding that collision over
New York is this: Why were
two airliners, both capable Of
high speeds. circling over a
heavily congested air termi-
nal in a snowstorm when
they could have been re-
routed back to their depar-
ture points? When visibility
was known to be so bad it
would have been more pru-
dent to reroute both of these
airliners either to alternate
airports where there was bet
ter visibility or back to their
departure points. Actually,
the airlines should exercise
better Judgment than to send
their planes out when visi-
bility is so limited. Let's face
1t. there is entirely too much
reliance on safety devices to-
day.
Both the -airlines and the
Evening star., 1961-02-14

Government must share the
blame for such accidents:
The airlines for taking 90
many risks with their pas
Sengers' lives and the Gov.
ernment for not providing
the FAA with the power to
cancel flights when visibility
is so bad.
Two conclusions can be
drawn: First. II the airlines
won't cancel flights when
visibility is so poor, then the
FAA must do 1t for them.
Two. complete radar control
OF all flights is absolutely es-
seK1tial. This is the Jet age.
We must prevent the dangers
from outrunning the cures.
Charles r. Mcclure.
Evening star., 1961-02-14

China or United States ac-
quiescence In its admission to
the q. N. on the other hand,
should the British support Of
the Communists d 9 m . n d.
for the admission help ma
terially in bringing that
about, the feeling against the
British might become intense.
Already some members Of
Congress are discussing the
situation now created by the
British Foreign Minister'S
statement. They do not Like
1t.
Red China, they say. viii
never be content with mere
admission to the q. N. It win
demand that Formosa, now
occupied by forces of the
Chinese Nationalist govern.
ment and allied with the
United States, be turned over
to 1t. Further, Red China
would demand that the place
on the q. N. Security Council
which under the u. N. Char
ter belongs to China be
turned over to the Comnu-
mist Chinese. It is now occu-
pied by the representative Of
the Nationalist Chinese.
Continue AEgressivenesS
The Chinese Communists,
in addition to the aggressor
part they played In the Ko-
rean war, have shown no
signs OF becoming o peace
loving nation. Quite the con-
trary. They continue to be
both arrogant and aggressive,
although they have been re-
strained by powerful armed
forces this country has in Far
Eastern waters and also by the
Russian government, which
does not want q third world
war - certainly not ct this
time.
The present opposition Of
the United States to Red
China is based on principle.
Americans have insisted that
to take Red China into the
q. Nan unregenerate Red
China - would be to violate
every principle on which the
q. N. Is based.
There has been, however.
q growing impression that
some Of the principal Ken
nedy aides, although declar-
ing their opposition under
existing conditions, are in
clined to the realistic" view
that eventually Red China
must be admitted, Just as the
British now say. II this be-
comes more evident, then
the President win have to
divest himself Of those aides
or 60 along with them. Il
would be impossible for an
administration to 60 two d.
vergent ways at the same
time. The Red Chinese prob
lem Is one Of Mr.. Kennedy's
toughest. Unless strongly
handled 1t could divide the
Free World and destroy the
q. N.
Evening star., 1961-02-14

placed In great peril" He
also stated that "the most
crucial years Of the gap
would appear to be $780,
1884" However, now Presi-
dent Kennedy win be most
pleased II his board finds
that there Is no gap and no
peril to the Nation.
Although I supported Mr..
Kennedy in the race last fall
and have been pleased by
many Of his actions, these
kinds are turning q promising
new Administration against
several campaign statements
and pledges. Along with
closing the missile gap, all
the Administration officers
would be chosen from the
nlgneSt ranks without nepo-
tiSm or political favor. Yet
along with o brother In the
Cabinet and q brother-in-law
rumored for an ambassador
ship, we have Q high naval
appointee whose major naval
experience consisted OF sery-
ice on the Presidents PIT.
boat in World War II. The
Republican CadillaD Cabinet
headed by Q Genetal Motors
president, 90 long d loud
scorn Of the Democrats, has
been replaced By Z confinen-
tai Cabinet headed BY d Ford
president. Although America
did need Q strong new Ad-
ministration last fan, It seems
that the situations the DEM
ocrats found 90 deplorable
when on the outside looking
In really aren't important
now that they're on the In
side.
r Amkl.NI,w n,.a,.~
Evening star., 1961-02-14
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used u
letters carry sCrsters' correct
names and addresses. Al let
ters are subject to condsasG-
tton. Those not used sOsEI be
returned only sUteB accom-
panied b. self : addressed.
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-02-14
Cop Now and Then

Not being q news reporter
with q job to lose, ] wish to
pursue to its logical objec-
tive the question concerninf
the so-called missile gap.
II it is still not possible to
give Q straight and definite
answer. as MIR. Kennedy in
dicated at his news confer
ence, by what right and for
what purpose did he insist
SO often and so forcefully
during the campaign that
he had sufficient information
to Justify his unqualified
charge that there was an
alarming gap and that the
Eisenhower administration
was to blame?.
Eugenie Burns BOstrOm
4 = 4
From the Presidents news
conference one would pre-
sumo that truth is politically
quite relative, at least as far
as missile gaps are con-
cerned. Contrary to popular
opinion and campaign ora
tory, inflamed by President
Kennedy himself last fall, it
is premature to reach a
Judgment as to whether there
is a gap or not" "A Presiden-
tial study is apparently try
ing to reach a judgment on
a gap formerly well estab-
lished by the President as
existing. On August IA, 1868
in the Senate he said that
the United States no longer
had superiority in the missile
field and would 6oan be
Evening star., 1961-02-14
Answers to Questions
By THE HASKINS SERVICE

@. Is It true that q floun-
der can change color?-A. J.
A. Most flatfishes seem to
be able to change color in
order to match their back
ground to some extent, and
the summer founder or
northern fluke (Paralichthys
dentatus) is particularly
adept at "concealing colora-
ton" It can become almost
black on a dark background,
white on q light one, or even
yellow. blue. green, orange,
or pink II its background calls
for 1t. r. *