davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Arizona post., 1961-04-28
The Civil War And American JewrY
Lincoln and His Trusted Friends

of war Jonas asked that his son be al
lowed to visit the father. On April 3
1864 Lincoln issued an order reading:
"Allow Charles H. Jordan, now prisoner
of war at JohnSon'S island, a parole OF
three weeks to visit his dying father
Abraham Jonas, at Quincy, Illinois
Charles came home That very day
Abraham Jonas died. Two days later
Lincoln appointed Jonas widow as post
mistress of Quincy.
In September 1862, British-bOrn Jew
named Isachar Zacharie came to Wash
ington from New York, where he had
acquired a reputation as a highly com
petent podiatrist with some very prom
inent men among his patients. Someone
had recommended him to Secretary OF
War Stanton; the latter in turn, recon-
mended him to the President Soon
Lincoln tried the man, then wrote this
note: "Dr Zacharie has operated on my
feet with great success and considerable
addition to my comfort"
A. Lincoln, who signed that endorse
ment, apparently received comfort OF
other types from Zacharie. The New
York World was to say later that Zach
arie "enjoyed Mr. Lincoln's confidence
perhaps more than any other private
individuaP and stated that Zacharie was
perhaps the most favored family visitor
at the White House."
One searches in vain when trying to
discover precisely the nature of the serv-
Il T IL,
But it is no imputation of the mans
character to gueSs-as many scholars
have done-that Zacharie was probably
the most trusted of personal spies for
Lincoln.
Shortly after Zacharie first trimmed
Lincoln's toenailS, the President sent the
man to New Orleans, which was under
the Unions military governorship of Gen
eral Banks. While Zacharie seemed to
have certain specific duties in New
Orleans helping readjuSt currency eX-
change rates, securing justice for North
ern and for Southern Jews caught
between the anvil of commerce and the
hammer of the war, etc, etc.,-Zach-
aries principal function seemed to be
the writing of personal, confidential re-
ports to Lincoln.
In 1868, armed with a letter from Sec
retary of State Seward and apparently
with special instructions from Lincoln
Zacharie was in the Confederate Capital
of Richmond, comforting with the Con-
federacys leading Cabinet members,
including the Jewish Secretary of State,
Judah P. Benjamin. There was one
report that Zacharie'S mission had in
volved the arrangement of a truce and
compromise between the North and the
South The plan never matured. But
when the footdoctor returned to Wash
ington, he went to the White House. He
reported that behind locked doors,
Lincoln listened to his report, seemed
to be delighted with my revelations"
When Lincoln had been murdered
Zacharie went back into obscurity. Soon
he returned to England, where he died
in 1897 He had been called sycophant
court-jester, politician, spy. This much
is certain: Lincoln and Zacharie were
close friends. Lincoln trusted the man.
1t is possible that, due to the nature of
his confidential services to a President,
Zacharie has not received at the hands of
historians the credit due him.
The Arizona post., 1961-04-28
By ALFRED HI. PAUL

A month before he was to leave Spring
field for his Inauguration at Washington
as President of the United States Abra
ham Lincoln received from a friend a gift
intended to brace him against the rough
years ahead. The friend was Abraham
Kohn, City Clerk of Chicago, president
of KAN. Kehilath Anshe a'ariv, the
oldest Jewish synagogue in Illinois, The
gift was hand-painted copy of the Am
erican flag. Written on the flag, in He
brew characters, was this quotation from
the Book of Joshua Q:9).
Be strong and of good courage;
Be not afraid, neither be thou dismayed;
For the Lord Thy God is with thee
whithersoever thou goest.
We have the word of Lincoln's private
secretary, John Hay, that, at least as of
Nov. %, 1862, the flag with the Kohn in
scription "haS been in the Executive Man
sion ever since the Presidents Inaugural
ton" The original was lost; replica
is on display currently in the Jewish Mu-
scum of New York, as part OF the civil
War Centennial Exhibition.
The President of Chicago's KAN. was
only one of Lincoln's many Jewish friends
some of whom were on very intimate
terms with the Civil War President. Two
such names will have to suffice here as
illustrations of Lincoln's personal relation
ship with Jews. One was politician, Alb
raham Jonas, of Quincy Ill. The other
was a very strange, unusual man, Lin
coins personal podiatrist, Isachar Zach
arie.
Photographs of Abraham Jonas show
man of high forehead, black hair pierc
ing eyes, wearing a grey, spade beard
looking as if he were the original model
for the traditional picture of Uncle Sam.
An immigrant who had come from Eng
land to Cincinnati in 1919, Jonas lived
first in Cincinnati, moved to Williams
town, KY, where he ran store served
four years in the Kentucky State Legis-
lature became Grand Master of MasonS
of Kentucky In 1888, he moved to Quincy,
Ill. In Illinois, he met another young, up
and-coming politician, Abraham Lincoln,
who had already served two terms in the
Illinois State Legislature The two became
fast friends and political allies
In 1854, when Loncoln made his first
visit to Quincy, to address political rally
on behalf of Whig candidate for Con-
gress, he had come at the invitation of
Abraham Jonas. BY DecembeH of the
same year, it was Jonas who was doing
the political spadework among the Illinois
Wings, projecting A. Lincoln of Spring
field as a candidate for the, u. S. Senate.
Four years later, Jonas was a member
of a small group of leaders of the new
Republican Party who met in Quincy to
talk about the Presidential elections to
face the country in 1860. Lincoln'S name
as a possible candidate was projected
and rejected-by the caucus at that meet
ing. But within two months, Jonas per
Sonally was assuring political friends
that, with Lincoln as candidate for the
Presidency, 1--WE shall be able to carry
the day."
When Lincoln became President, he
appointed Jonas postmaster of Quincy.
Throughout the war, Lincoln kept in
touch with Jonas, often referring impor-
tant local issues to his Jewish friend
When Jonas lay dying it was his turn
to ask favor. Four of Jonas sons were
in the Confederate Army.
The Arizona post., 1961-04-28
Moroccan Rabbi Is Re-admi ted

Rabbi Joseph Elkrief who expelled recently from
Morocco has been allowed to country He had
been expelled grounds that he had visited Israel In
srifetorn Algeria two Jews killed in Oran during
weekend of rioting by Moslem terrorsts And in Rome
the Jewish quarter is being paroled following clash be-
tween young Jews and neofascStS Police arrested three
Jews and four neo-faSciSts
Eight members of the semifascist British National Par.
V were fined $42 each for carrying antJeWsh posters
side Londons Princess Theater where Warsaw memorial
meeting being held The first antiSemitic incident
In Oakve Ontario, Canada town. $4,000 worth
of damage to record by Gotlib And
Vandas smeared swastkas the wall of synagogue
ed in suburbs of johannesburg, South Africa
Heinrich Hemann former officer in Hiter's Elite
Guard committed suicide while awaiting in Germany
The Arizona post., 1961-04-28
The ARIZONA Posi-

Arzono AngOJewih
Jewish Published Tucson, Ariz Friday
onei in II
under The q of March 3,le7o
1912 First Street. Telephone East ss3 Mailing Address
20 Box
coPUblhMiIdred
Subscription rote-$4o7
Newspapers Awods
Aa5o.S a.: Tsy:;1s::s ;::,; ; As,se<To"
Post Printers OfasssO
The Arizona post., 1961-04-28
panorama
dHIIIuIulu by David Schwartz

full to it. Tip your hat to it.
1 really shouldn't say, if
you ever meet an orange.
The fact is you are more like
ly to meet an orange than an
apple or a pear or a banana
or an apricot or a strawberry
or artichoke. You are more
likely to meet an orange than
almost anybody except your
wife. The reason for that is
simply that Vitamin c which
the orange provides cannot
be stored up on the body like
other vitamins. We must
have it daily.
The other VitaminS are like
your mother-in-laW, your un-
cles or aunts. It's good to
have them every now and
then, but an orange every
day may be in fact more i'm
portant than your spouse
around daily, for there are
people who seem to get along
satisfactorily without wives
or husbands, but the dieti-
tians tell us that if we do not
have a daily portion of Vita
min G., we catch colds, we
develop beri beri, the consti-
tuition goes to pot and will
require many amendments.
BUT THAT'S not the whole
story either. | was reading
an article in the Jerusalem
Post telling of the many
things done by the orange
producers and factories of
orange products in Israel.
1t used to be said in Chi
cago that the meat packers
made use of every part of the
pig except the squeaI. Of
course, an orange never
squealS. 1t is too we'll raised
for that. An orange requires
a good deal of raising. Many
years back 1 interviewed the
late Prof. Patrick GeddeS, a
famous Scotch botanist and
man of many facets. He was
the architect of the original
building of the Hebrew Uni
versity on Mt. Scopus.
Prof. Geddes had a botan-
ical explanation of Judaism.
Why did the Jews develop
Isaiahs and the idea of a
Messiah who envisioned long
range futures of peace and
human brotherhood?
The reason was - Olives,
said Prof. Geddes.
THE ANCIENT ISraeIiteS
were olive growers. When
you grow wheat, like in the
A m ic n midwest, you
think ahead one season, for
wheat is harvested in a sea-
son. You become then prac-
tical minded.
But if you grow olives or
oranges as in Israel or Cali
fOrnia, you have got to think
some seven years ahead.
Olives and oranges are not
produced in one season. This
makes you think in longer
stretches of time.
So if Israel keeps on pro
ducing oranges, we may eX-
pect to see new IsaiahS ac-
cording to the theory of Prof.
GeddeS.
BUT LET'S go back to
what the ISraelis are doing
with oranges. Besides selling
it for fruit and juice, there
are factories which make
many uses of the orange peel,
to wit: l. 1t is made. into mar
malade and exported to many
countries. 2. The peel is also
used for cattle fodder. 3. Per
fume extracts are made from
it which are exported chiefly
to France. 4. Several drugs
and medicines are extracted
from the peel, a drug called
pectin which is used by in
dustrial food producers and
a medicine called asfadin.
which is thought beneficial
Evening star., 1961-11-10
Orderly Growth
Sought for Africa

The United States is in
terested in seeing the new
African nations develop in an
orderly and stable way to a
responsible independence, Mr..
Abram Chayes told the
Woman's National Demo-
cratic Club yesterday.
Mr.. Chayes, State Depart
ment legal adviser, returned
recently from a presidential
mission to Ghana with two
other government officials to
review United States partici-
patton in the Volta River
project.
He told the club he was
mot expressing my own view
on the Volta Dam, and GER
tainly not the Presidents"
Mr.. Chayes said that per-
sonally he was mot as wor-
ried about Africa choosing
the Soviet Union as 1 am
about the possibility of in
ternal chaos" in the newly
emerging nations Of that
continent.
THE Soviet Union can't
live with a situation in which
African states are free not to
choose them" he said. But
we are for a world of free
choice as opposed to a world
of coercion. So it's not nee
esSary for them to go along
with us. We can live with a
world in which they choose
their own way" he reasoned.
Two Views Of Ghana
Speaking of Ghana, Mr..
Chayes said I'VE can look at
events there through two diff
ferent sets of glasses, but the
view through these two sets
of glasses is a caricature,
with the true picture con-
tanning elements of both"
Through one pair of
glasses, he said from which
we can't take much comfort"
we can see Ghana's President
Nkrumah's visit behind the
Iron Curtain, his perfor-
nance at the Belgrade con-
ference of non-allied nations,
his seemingly Moscow-line"
talk, his taking of $50 mil
lion worth of credit from
Communist nations. his
sending of cadets to Soviet
military schools, and his dis
Evening star., 1961-11-10
SEAMS
TO Me-.
Having Trouble Sewing
Straight? Try This

For those Of you who can
not draw a straight line
without a ruler (why should
you be able to if you are not
a professional artist?) or for
those of you who have trou-
bic stitching lines that are
straight, try using one Of
your machine attachments
the gauge presser foot. After
using it for a while you will
be able to sew a straight line
without it.
Question: want to make
q short-sleeved, loose top
over with several rows of
stitching along the sleeve
and the top-over hem edge.
But I can't for the life Of me
make five or six rows of
stitching so that they are
even.
Since this is purely dec
orative I want it to be per-
feet and wonder if you have
any suggestions or mechani-
cal gimmickS I can use?
Thank you. Miss S. S. c.
Answer-The gauge press
er foot is specifically for this
purpose. You can get a set
of gauges, lined at 1s inch
and numbered at u inch in
tervals for multiple rows of
stitching. One is used to the
left of the needle and three
are used to the right Of the
needle. You also get a special
foot to use in place of your
regular preSser foot and q
small removable toe. They
can be adjusted for various
fabric weights and thick
neSSeS.
Your set of attachments
come with a complete set of
instructions on how to work
with each one, and believe
me, this is very, very simple.
The illustration shows you
what this gadget looks like,
and I think you can see just
how it keeps your stitching
in line.
QestiOn-Please give me In
formation on how to press
peau de sole. I avoid pin and
basting marks, but in turning
facings and pressing them I
find it difficult to do a pro-
feSsional-looking job. Miss
j. B.
Answer-You haven't told
me exactly what is wrong
with your pressing, but I as
sumo it's the same problem
so many other women have,
namely, a ridge and shine at
Evening star., 1961-11-10

ion are now 81. and win fin
ish their training in the
United Kingdom"
Through this set of glasses
one would also see that 10
per cent Of Ghana's trade is
with the United States and
the United Kingdom and that
there are 1000 Ghanian stu
dents in the United States
and United Kingdom, COM
pared to 200 in Russia,
he added.
Sees Independence Problems
"Of one thing we can be
sure; their troubles are not
over with independence" he
declared. Nor can we expect
to see in the new African
nations parliamentary de-
mocracy as we know it,"
Another thing we can ex-
pect, Mr.. Chayes concluded,
is that they are not going
Evening star., 1961-11-10

to line up with Us on all or
even q large number of for
eign issues. You ask them
why the Soviet Union has
lined up with them. That's
because the Soviet Union has
taken a lot Of radical, Afri-
can positions on colonial
questions"
AS a matter of fact, Mr..
Chayes concluded, I'VE can't
expect them to go along with
either US or the Soviet Un-
ion. They're going to choose
their own way. develop their
own countries"
Evening star., 1961-11-10
BY PATRICIA SCOTT

hem and facings, on the right
side. To avoid a ridge when
pressing fabric of this type,
you must use a padding be-
meath 1t. If you don't have a
tailor's cushion, then fold a
turkish towel into several
thicknesses. place garment on
top with right side facing
toweling and press lightly
with a steam iron.
= = =
Question: made a cordu-
roy skirt and it turned out
half light and half dark. How
do you cut corduroy so that
the shades are even? Mrs.
j. H.
Answer-You obviously cut
the pieces in two different
directions. All pieces must be
cut going the same way. That
is. lay out the front and back
pattern pieces with the pile
of the fabric going in the
same direction.
When you fold your fabric
to cut, fold it lengthwise
-tSelvage to selvage) never
crosswise because one part
will be going down and the
other up. This applies to all
fabrics with a nap. AS a mat
ter of fact, if you follow your
pattern cutting guide for fab
RIGS with a nap, you will see
that they show you exactly
how to lay out the entire pat
tern.
Miss Scott is olwoys slod to hear
from her readers. and whenever pos
sibIe will use their questions in her
column, but beeouse Of the greet
Evening star., 1961-11-10

misSal of provost cabinet
ministers.
But through the other set
of glasses, he continued, you
would see that NkTumah had
never been to the East before
and wanted to see how things
worked there, you would see
that when Russia set off the
50-megaton bomb he was the
most forthcoming of the
non-allied leaders in person.
ally writing a protest to
Khrushchev, that the cabi-
net members he fired did
pretty well in office" and
that the 400 cadets that
were going to the Soviet I'm
Evening star., 1961-11-10

volume Of moiI received dolly. she
connot onswer individual letters.
Because OF the countless
questions received regarding
altering of dress patterns,
Patricia Scott has prepared
a booklet, "Hotu to Alter Your
Dress Patterns" tDhich giUeS
complete instructions for
altering so that finished gar
mentS tDiH fit perfectly. For
your copy OF this guide to
correct fitting, tDrite to Pd-
tricia Scott in care OF The
Euening Star, itcloSing rs
cents in coin to coUer the
cost of printing and handling.
u961, Field Enterprises, Inc)
Evening star., 1961-11-10
Pledge Dinner

Delta Zeta sorority Of
George Washington Univer-
sity will hold. its annual
pledge dinner at 7::30 pm,
November ID. The dinner will
be held at Evans Farm Inn. =
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1961-03-16

Several cases of mumps have
been reported at school this week,
A meeting of the Reservation
Improvement group was held al
the elementary school Tuesday
evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. Jesse Sleight re
turned last week from Washing.
ton, DC. where Sleight had been
on special assignment for the
past month.
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1961-03-16
Sherman Estate Controversy G.

would be paid as much royalty
income from the tract as though
they had leased the tract to the
original working interest own
ers, under the same terms the
lease was obtained from the Sher-
man heirs. They considered 1t a
very fair offer TO the tribe.
They mentioned no figure. At
one point in the open discussion
Lazarus said, In mentioning the
amount they would settle the
matter for, They talked of an
amount about $4,000, which they
later increased to 100000"
Agreement to settle for the
Sl04, 900 came about from one
or both of two council meetings
held last December, after the
case was turned over to the De
partment of Justice. The ques-
ton between the working inter
ests and the council was a lease
between the interests and the
purported owners OF the Sherman
80 acres, the tribe.
In considering the lease, the
question of ownership had to re-
solved, and, il is understood.
chairman of the tribal land board,
Joe Show, made a motion to set
tie the matter for So, 1924 An
other council member, Henry
Magee. motioned that from this
amount $4,000 be paid to the
Sherman heirs for relinquishing
all claims to the 30 acres.
Both motions were approved
by an 81 vote of the council, with
the chairman not voting.
But the chairman, Meade Swing
ley. and the secretary, Earl Old
Person, did not sign the lease, on
the ground the council did not
authorize them to do so.
A non-council member of the
tribe, Tiff Mckay, saying that
the deal came up during the
time he was a councilman, said
he was interested in the tribe
obtaining more money for set
Ting the damage claim and that
he would take a petition to the
people II he thought 1t would do
any good.
But the petition would not do
any good because the council de
cision was taken neither through
a resolution or an ordinance, ne
said.
The closing minutes Of the four
hour open meeting saw the coun-
ell pass two motions One agreed
to submit the legality of the mo-
lions involved in the decision to
the Solicitors office of the De
partment of the Interior. The
other, on the motion of Leslie
Cobell, agreed the Blackfeet Tri-
bal Council would take no fur
Their action on the entire matter
until the Department Of Justice
renders a decision
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1961-03-16

with a shrug of their shoulders
and a state of so what? If 1 don't
contribute the church can always
get a Government loan or grant
to carry on its work" don't say
it will happen, but can it?
Another question which can be
raised, and rightfully so, is, what
degree of control over parochial
schools, and perhaps over reli-
gion, can we expect with Federal
loans or grants?" For example,
will parochial schools who devote
more than a certain number of
hours to religious instruction be
exempt from qualifications for
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1961-03-16

ligion are not eligible for such
loans.
II has been said that a belief
in God is as important as the be-
lief that a sound education is
necessary for a good life. There
fore, religion has a place in the
classroom; as most parents rely
solely on instruction outside the
home to teach their children all
they need know for a happy life.
/ am not prepared to take either
side of this argument; but / be
lieve the acceptance of such a
statement is, in the first place,
admitting the blame of parents
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1961-03-16
CONTINUED from page u

Continued from page ~
by and large" Lazarus said,
those letters and others request
ing facts and information have
been ignored" He mentioned he
received a call from G. S. Frary
and a communication from Phil
lips Petroleum Co, one Of the
associates through q subsidiary,
stating IL would keep in touch
with him But no more was heard
from them.
ON November 80. 1860. Lazarus
said. the Department OF Justice
was asked to take action Be
cause of the work load, Christ
mas season and the national cleo
tons. IL was not until February
IS. 1861 that the u. S. Attorney
General forwarded the case TO
the u. S. Attorney at Butte, Mon
tana. with instructions to him to
file suit, wherein the u. S. At
torney agreed to accept juris-
diction as of November 30. 1850.
That is where the matter now
rests" he said. adding that the
u. S. Attorney General Is the
only one who can settle the
matter.
Clouding the issue not only at
the open meeting but in negotia-
tons by the Associates with the
tribal council was the matter of
q Waterford project known as
the Southwest Cut Bank Water
flood Unit The project gives
promise of profitable secondary
recovery Of oil from non-produc-
tive wells before they are plug
ged and abandoned by the use
of water pressure to bring up adj
dftional oil.
Lessees of the tract &C. S.
Frary, 50 per cent; Ada Oil, l2z
per cent. and Phillips Petroleum,
through its subsidiary, West Ed
mond Oil Co, 37lz per cent? have
used the project not only as
smokescreen, Lazarus contends.
but as pressure TO induce the
council to accept the Associates
figure for settlement for the dam
age claim
The Phillips Co. contended
vsterflooding the field was con-
tingent on the approval of a
modified agreement by certain
governmental agencies and set
ting the problem of ownership
Of the tract in question. In other
words, the two conditions per
tanning TO the tract purportedly
held up the Waterford project
for the entire area.
To settle ownership question,
the company said IL and its part.
ners were willing 10 pay 70 the
tribe an amount Of money equal
20 the entire royalty payments
that were made 20 the Sherman
heirs over the past Is years dur
ing which all of the oil was pro
duced from the lease. The tribe
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1961-03-16

for not giving religion equal inn
portance in home life with such
things as operation of the TV
set, care of the family car, and
living within a regular allow
ance.
One basic question regarding
this issue must be considered.
Will Federal aid to parochial
schools lessen, or even destroy,
the incentive of people to make
personal sacrifices in support of
their beliefs? Or more bluntly
stated, will people have a tenden-
cy to cut down, or even eliminate,
their contributions to the church