davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-01-10

The recent articles in The
Star by Bruce Cation were
highly interesting. chiefly
for their basic conclusion
that the Civil War could have
been prevented II reason and
forbearance had been used In
an effort to solve the slavery
problem.
This Is Q nice Judgment to
reach against the background
Of 100 years Of history. But
we might ask ourselves
whether IL has o present-day
application. How much rea-
son and forbearance are used
in an effort to settle the prob
lens Of our time?
Our loudest voices seem to
be the extremists. as was the
case In the Civil War era.
And We have them on both
sides, 40 was true then.
On one side are people who
would like to turn the clock
back to o bygone age. and
who argue fervently for
wholly unrealistic proposals.
On the other side are those
ardent people with q sense OF
mission who seem to have
exclusive patents for building
the future. They received
their indoctrination in our
universities. They assume ap-
parently that anyone who
disagrees with them has no
reason for existence. Their
attitude toward such q per-
son seems essentially to be
identical with that Of
Khrushchev. I'VE shall bury
you"
These dear. ardent souls.
the future builders. have
stamped their imprint and
lmprimatur on almost every
phase of our national life. We
see their work. for example.
in a torrent of editorial saw
agery. jeering and name
calling, and lampooning car
toons. Sometimes. in their
ardor, they Jump on the truth
and choke 1t literally to
death. Too often, in this
spectacular display, the an
cient principles of humility.
charity and tolerance are
trampled under foot.
There was a time, in quieter
days. when a newspaper re-
porter would run the risk Of
being fired If he failed to
present both sides Of q con-
troverSial question. Now 1t
would appear that, in some
of the more fervent sectors of
our press, he would be fired
il he did.
Sometimes. we get some
rather odd results, such as
the following:
A riot by people with
whom we do not agree is a
disgraceful mob scene. and
q black eye for the nation. A
riot abroad aimed at the
United States is a major
diplomatic defeat and q blow
to American prestige-that
is, If we do not like the Ad-
Evening star., 1961-01-10

the vast number Of groups
who have attempted to solve
this acute problem without
success. we wonder whether
more promising systems actu-
ally exist.
The FAA should promptly
test not only Mr.. Fitzgerald's
device and the BESAC sys-
tenn but any other concrete
proposal put forth by repu-
table scientists and engineers
to solve the terrifying prob
lem Of air collisions.
Joseph FALLEN,
Counsel for the BESAC
group. ..E---
Boston, Mass.
Evening star., 1961-01-10

Q. What is Supima cot
ton?-N. T.
A. This Is the trade name
of a fairly new variety Of
American extra long staple
cotton, Pima ST., which was
developed at the University
Of Arizona. This cotton
makes up into high-fashion
fabrics which have strength
as we'll as high luster and q
fine. silky touch. Fabrics and
garments made from Su-
pima cotton have been on
the market since late 1855.
@. Is there such a word as
"sitticism," referring to talk
ing?-C. A.
A. The word is psittacism,
which may be pronounced
either sit-a-sizm or psit-a-
siSm. It Is q noun that means
automatic or parrotlike
speech, without thought as to
the meaning Of the words
spoken. The adjective Is psit-
tacistic. The words are de-
rived from psittacus. Latin
for parrot.
Evening star., 1961-01-10
Still in Public Service

James P. Mitchell may leave his
post as Secretary Of Labor next week
with two thoughts in mind. One is that,
in the public interest, he has done an
important job well. The other Is that,
IN the public interest also, he has
another important job awaiting him.
Only two cabinet officers have
had longer service in the Eisenhower
administration. Secretary of Agriculture
Benson and Postmaster General Sum-
merfield took office on Inauguration
day in 1858. 1t was approximately nine
months later, in October of that same
year, that Mr. Mitchell succeeded the
late Martin Durkin, who had resigned
as result of policy disagreement.
Ever since then Mr. Mitchell has been
In the center ring of the labor or-manage-
ment arena-never in modern times a
spot notably free of conflict and con-
troversy.
It's, in fact, a cabinet post carrying
a built-in guarantee that from time to
time either labor or management will
be unhappy about something Mr..
Mitchell has not escaped his moments
OF criticism or disapproval, from one
side or the other, but as he leaves office
he may be sure that the majority opin-
ion on both sides is one of genuine
respect. There is evidence, in fact, to
support his own words to President
Eisenhower that greater understanding
and increased maturity" have developed
In the labor relations field in recent
years, and it may be added that Mr.
Mitchell has made his own contribution
to this development
In the immediate future, Mr..
Mitchell will tackle one of the problems
where understanding and greater matu-
rity are desirable, perhaps essential, to
the national welfare. This is the task
OF heading 15-member commission to
study the long dispute between railroads
and their operating unions over work
rules and practices. Not surprisingly,
Mr.. Mitchells appointment by President
Eisenhower was recommended by both
the carriers and the unions, and 1t was
the Secretary who did much to persuade
both sides to remove the issue from
their recent contract negotiations. Free
OF the preSSures Of strike headlines and
the bitterness that so often accompanies
contract bargaining, the labor-manage-
inent-public commission has vastly
Evening star., 1961-01-10
Reminder

Certainly there should be
more radio and press re-
minders to the public to feed
the birds. squirrels and other
hungry outside creatures, also
homeless or lost cats and
dogs. Many persons do, but
too many do not. Great
quantities Of food are wasted
every day by well-fed people
that could tide over storm
bound. starving animals and
birds and even some poverty
stricken human beings. Emer-
gencies to creatures devoid
Of human speech are as
real to them as such to man
kind and help is needed as
urgently.
To make sure that more
Of the public get the urgent
reminder the Washington
Animal Rescue League and
the Animal Protective Asso-
citation have taken ads in
The Star and other papers
to beg our fellowmen to feed
the creatures out in the bit
ter cold and storms, to be-
friend some lost pet or stray
and take 1t to, or call the
local humane animal shelter,
equipped to care for 1t.
Virginia w. Sargent,
President, Animal Protec.
tive Association, Inc.
Evening star., 1961-01-10
Showdown in Ceoroio

Governor Ernest Vandiver, appar-
emily bit stunned by the prospect of
deSegregation at the University of
Georgia, is quoted as saying: I'VE know
not what the future holds" The Gov
ernor shouldn't be in doubt on this
score. He ought to know that in this
matter OF school deSegregation the fu-
ture holds for Georgia precisely what it
mas held for other StateS-nothing more.
nothing less. And this is that Georgia,
faced with final court order, will have
one Of two choices: Obey the order or
close its public schools.
A Georgia law, one of those things
That legislators enact in haste and re-
pent at leisure, cuts off public funds for
any integrated school. Strictly en-
forced, 1t could mean that the Univer-
slty OF Georgia, attended by 7,400
students, would be put out Of business
II two Negro applicants are admitted.
It is inconceivable, however. that the
Legislature intends any such result
that 1t Will refuse to heed the Cover
nor's request to repeal or modify the law.
For, as one prominent legislator sue
cinctly ppt 1t: The people won't stand"
Tor shutting down the university.
o, But what is true, or presumably
true, Of the university at Athens may
not hold good elsewhere in the State. A
deSegregation order for Atlanta,s public
schools becomes effective in September.
And the issue may have to be faced
before long in other Georgia communi-
ties. 1t seems to US, therefore, that the
Legislature, when the last indignant
speech has been made, should get down
to the serious business of preparing for
the inevitable. Unless Georgia Is going
out Of the public school business, and
we do not think that Georgia is, the
fund cutoff law must be repealed.
Provision also should be made for
pupil assignment plan and for such
other measures as will make it possible
to meet the requirements of the courts
and also preserve the public school sys-
tenn as going concern. Other States,
Virginia, for example, have found 1t
feasible to do this, and Georgia will find
1t possible, too. But something more
than speech-making will be required of
Georgia's legislators and Governor.
Evening star., 1961-01-10
Air Safety Devices

A story written by Charles
Yarbrough in The Star on
December rs, 1860, describes
the problems Robert Fitz-
gerald has had in attempting
to have the Federal Avia-
ton Agency test his anti
collision device for aircraft.
Mr.. Fitzgerald is not the
only one having such diff
cultieS with the FAA as
regards testing of an anti
collision device. The group
proposing the BESAC system
has had a similar experience.
The BESAC system is an
anti-collision device suitable
for both planes and ships,
and provides the pilot instan-
taneously and automatically
with a visual display showing
the actual course, altitude
and range Of each neighbor-
ing craft.
The BESAC system was
brought to the attention of
the FAA but the FAA refused
to test it, indicating 1t was
not as promising as some
other systems. Considering
Evening star., 1961-01-10
U. Ms Melting Pot

The senseless attacks OF
Cuba against this country In
the United Nations remind
me Of Q buzzing mosquito to
which elders listen in dig
nified silence while SUPPRESS
ing an outward expression Of
their trle feelings. -
Global matters belong on q
global plane. and the major
powers are entitled to con-
sideration Of matters Of ma
jor stature. Why then should
very small nationalities Just
emerging from their shell
have the same powerful voice
in the United Nations 90 their
elders who did 80 much to
prevent these lesser groups
from falling by the wayside?
A lesson can be learned
from US. No one Is asking
others to initiate our form of
political representation but
these others might note that
even in our own States. we
have Congressional represen-
tatives In different proper
tionS by number coming to
Washington.
I am not implying an in
difference to small nations.
1t 10 only too obvious that the
number Of small nations
joining the United Nations IL
increasing and accordingly
the influence Of the major
powers Is diminishing.
To Offset the immature use
Of the United Nations facil-
tiles means that we should
raise the level Of United Ma
tionS thinking. One method
would be to have blocs Of the
smaller nations with mutual
racial and ethnic back
grounds sift out the dust
from the grain to finally
come UP in regular assem-
blage minus crackpot charges
and wing Tapping Of the
Castro type on the interna-
tional stage.
In short. whatever prac-
ticable means Ii adopted,
action Is needed before the
United Nations loses the
reason for it, existence.
Samuel LiShtman.
Evening star., 1961-01-10
JungIe Issue

With reference to The
Star editorial Of December
20. 1850. under the provoca-
tive, title OF jungle ISSUE"
I feel that o couple of clari-
flying observations will not
be amiss.
This is not q case of uni
lateral abrosation Of . valid
international agree m z t.
The 1s42 Protocol with Peru
was signed under duress.
after Peru had in 1s4l in
vaded Ecuador and started
an undeclared war, to the
extent that even two whole
provinces, not involved in the
controversy. were under mill
tary occupation at the time
the treaty was signed. This
act Of aggression constituted
a clear violation Of funda-
mental principles Of the
Inter-American juridical
system which repudiates con-
quest or the use Of force for
settlement Of disputes, or for
purposes Of territorial ag-
grandizement. Let me call
your attention in this regard
to the Declaration Of Amer
ican Principles" approved BY
the VII Inter-American Con-
ference In Lima in 1888. and
to article XVII Of the Char
ter Of the Organization Of
the American States. Both
statutes outlaw the action
taken by Peru in l941.
On the other hand. the
treaty. even under its griev-
Gus original terms. proved
geographically inapplieable
in . large area Of the dis
puted zone. as recognized by
the very guarantor nations
(Argentina. Brazil. Chile and
the United States). which in
1855 requested both Ecuador
and Peru. In order to settle
vital pending differences. to
proceed to o definits survey
Of the zone. My government
has reminded the guarantors
that Ecuador. at that time.
accepted their suggestions.
and Peru rejected them.
Ecuador will never threat
en- the harmony and peace
prevailing among the repub-
lies Of the American conti-
nent. But, may I emphasize
at the same time, we shall
never condone international
depreciation exerted by the
strong against the weak, nor
yield our rights in the pur-
suit Of justice. It would in
deed be q juridical absurdity
to expect the good will and
consent Of the aggressor If
justice is to prevail in this
world. The victim is per-
fectly entitled to seek redress
according to the principles Of
Pan-Americanism. without
previous approval Of the ag-
gressor.
DR.. Alejsndro r. Ponce L.,
Ambassador, Embassy Of
Ecuador.
Evening star., 1961-01-10
Civil War Era and Ours

ministration in power. But q
riot by people with whom We
agree Is o wholesome and
hopeful expression Of politi-
cal awareneSS.
Anyone over 40 with whom
we do not agree is . tired
old man." But . man over 40
with whom we agree Ii q
vigorous young man out to
do big things. Then II he is
over 10. and We agree with
him, we quietly neglect to
mention his age.
There are many other ex-
amples of the same sort Of
thing. But let's get back to
Mr.. Cation. II reason and
forbearance could have pre-
vented the Civil War. it is
q fair assumption that they
would be useful qualities in
attacking the problems of
our era. II we would examine
what the fellow with whom
we do not agree has to say.
we might find that he was
not q member Of the Ne
anderthal race after all. We
might even begin to suspect
that he was aS bright as
ourselves.
There is another possibility.
With less individual ego. .
more generally cooperative
spirit. and more humility
and respect for the opinions
of others, we might find our
nation al accomplishments
greatly facilitated. We might
even help to prevent o war
beside which our civil con-
flict would seem small and
trivial indeed.
Observer.
Evening star., 1961-01-10
Quotes Ben-Gurion

This letter Is prompted by
the Israeli governments re-
cent statement that Prime
Minister Ben -Gurion's speech
Of December 20 to the Zionist
Congress In Jerusalem had
been misunderstood and dis
torted abroad. American
newspapers reported that it
was Mr.. Ben -Gurion's con.
tention that Jews living out
side Of Israel were goddess
and violated the precepts Of
Judaism every day they re-
manned away from the
country"
In light Of the Israeli gov
ernment's effort to clarity"
the issue, I quote herewith q
verbatim paragraph from the
Ben-Gurion speech:
g. A large part Of the
laws cannot be observed in
the Diaspora. and since the
day when the Jewish State
was established and the gates
of Israel were flung open to
every Jew who wanted to
come, every religious Jew
has daily violated the precepts
Of Judaism and the Torah Of
Israel by remaining in the
Diaspora. Whoever dwells
outside the land of Israel Is
considered to have no God,
the sages said"
Whatever the ofiicial posi-
ton Of the Israeli government
in this matter. it seems clear
to me that Mr.. Ben -Gurion
was indeed accusing Jews
outside Of Israel-including
Americans-of violating the
basic principles of Judaism.
Max J. Fischer, M. d.
arm an. Washington
Chapter, American Coun-
Gil for Judaism.
Evening star., 1961-01-10

better chance Of finding an area Of
agreement on matter that has plagued
the railroad industry for years. Both
sides, and the public most Of all, will
benefit II Mr.. Mitchell's leadership in
this effort is successful.
Evening star., 1961-01-10
Mandate for De GouIIe

Although less sweeping than he
apparently had hoped for, President
Charles de Gaulle's emphatic victory in
the three-day referendum on his Al
gerian program certainly has strength
ened his hand against the extremists of
both left and right. To that extent,
despite the great difficulties still con-
fronting him, he now Is in q better
position than ever before to bring about
peaceful settlement Of the cruel and
baSically stupid war that has tormented
France and Algeria for the past seven
years. u.
OF course, the extremists veri-
table dormitory crowded with strange
bedfellows made up Of French Commu-
nists, ultra conservative military off,
GERS, diehard European "colons" and
Algerian rebel leaders with an all-or-
nothing, no-compromiSe complex-have
voted against General de Gaulle. But
in France proper, although about ~ per
cent Of the electorate has failed to 60 to
the polls on this issue, he has won bit
more than IS per cent Of the ballots
cast, and he therefore has good reason
to regard the outcome as q mandate to
move ahead as rapidly as possible with
his peace-promoting plan.
AS for Algeria itself, the voters
among its population approximately
million Europeans and 8 million Mos
lems) have reacted pretty much as
expected. Thus the "colons" (mostly
French) have turned thumbs down on
General de Gaulle's ideas, and the ma
tive AlgerianS, while supporting him in
the rural areas, have abstained in large
numbers (about 40 per cent have stayed
home) from casting ballots In Algiers
and Oran, their two biggest cities. To
appreciate this abstention, however, one
should keep in mind that Algeria's
rebel command-though it purports to
favor individual and group liberty
threatened in advance of the referen-
dunn that any Moslem taking part in 1t
would be asking to have his or her
throat cut, literally, by an agent Of
the rebellion.
Accordingly, all things considered,
it seems no exaggeration to say that
Frances remarkable President-a man
gifted with the bearing Of authentic
grandeur and greatness-has scored q
triumph of major historical importance,
at least potentially. In any event, his
new mandate gives him significant ad-
ditional power to work for a cease-fire
under which the Algerian people, with
the full freedom Of self-determination,
would be at liberty to do either Of three
things: Q) Become completely inde-
pendent, (2) merge inseparably with
France or (3) be self-governing nation
associated with the French Union" or
Community"
1t would be foolhardy to predict
what the final choice will be. But
General de Gaulle has long. since ad-
dressed some decidedly sensible and
eloquent words to the rebels: why kill?
You should make people live. Why
destroy? It is your duty to build. Why
hate? What Is needed Is cooperation.
End these absurd combats, and immedi-
ately hope will blossom once more
through the land of Algeria" The latest
vote on the question lends powerful
support to this altogether logical and
encouraging view.
Evening star., 1961-01-10
THE POLITICAL MILL
G. O. P. Needs More Governors
By GOULD LINCOEN

also, to elect q Governor In
Nebraska - although that
State went for MIR. Nixon and
reelected q Republican Sen.
ator by q good margin.
Several Of the Republican
National Committee members
are strongly Of the opinion
that efforts must be made
to get G. o. P. candidates
elected to head the State
governments. In the early
Eisenhower years. the Re-
publicans picked up and held
q majority Of these important
gubernatorial offices.
Three Top Races
OF all these gubernatorial
races coming up In 1852. none
will be more closely watched
than those In New York.
California and Pennsylvania.
The first two, because OF the
fact that. as Of today. . New
York Governor and o retiring
Republican Vice President
must still be considered the
strongest contenders for the
1854 Republican presidential
nomination. They are, OF
course, Gov. Nelson A. Rookie
feller of New York and Vice
President Richard M. Nixon
of California, who ran such
o close race for the presi-
dency against President
elect John F. Kennedy. Gov.
Rockefeller has announced
he will seek reelection. Mr..
Nixon has not said what his
political plans are - except
that he will campaign Wig
orously for Republican can
didates for all offices in all
parts Of the country. There
Ia some pressure on him to
run for Governor-0r even
for Senator-of California.
But there has been no indi-
cation he will do either. SEN
ator Kuchel. Republican. 1t
Is expected now will run for
denomination in California.
New York State failed TO
give its electoral votes to Mr..
Nixon-and in some quarters
Gov. Rockefeller Is criti-
cized because he was unable
to deliver the State to the
Republican presidential can
didate. Also, the Governor
lost political ground because
of the increase in. taxes he
demanded and was given by
the legislature when he be-
came Governor in 1853. Fur
ther, he has been criticized
by some extreme conserva-
tives in the Republican Party
as being too liberal-too New
DealiSh. Indeed, II he had to
run for reelection today, he
would have o fight on his
hands, it Is. admitted by
Republican leaders in New
York. On the other hand,
Gov. Rockefeller went all out
in his campaign to carry New
York for Mr.. Nixon. Also.
he Is starting . new program.
with the legislature just
meeting and still controlled
by the Republicans. There
Is strong reason to believe he
will win reelection when the
time comes. Certainly his de-
feat would be o body blow
to @. o. p. hopes In 1854.
Losing New York In 1862
would be . bad omen.
Evening star., 1961-01-10
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used "
letters carry iUriters' correct
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ters are subject to condeftsd-
tion. Those not used ,uill be
returned only i0heR accom-
panied By self addressed.
stamped envelopes.