davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1961-06-29
A Book Review
CONTINUED from Last Issue)

llC xCc1 ooHl NtAAS WA ~
cision enabled every Negro to
feel "that he was man in his
own right and that his govern
ment would help him prove It,"
This section is perhaps the best
in the book. There is quite a
thorough study of the anti-dis-
elimination cli m tie in New
York and of the State Commits
sion Agent Discrimination. 1t is
the very existence of such laws,
and an agency to enforce them,
which has produced remark
able changes in New York. Next,
there is survey Of the Negro
leaders, and the radical chan
ges taking place in leadership.
Finally, there is the summing
up, and an evaluation of the
impact of the African revolu-
tons on the psychological de-
velopment of the American Ne
gro. The Emergence of fr e e
black nations in Africa has Civ
en- the Negro in America a
ense of ethnic Identification
which b fore he has always
lacked. 1t Is producing a new
Negro who now not only knows
where he's going, but where he
came from. "In the period of
transition ahead - and no one
can accurately estimate its dur
alton - the Negro ghetto is
certain to be a fixture of the
American city. SO long as it
survives it will pose S p &c a |
problems and, more Important
ly, it will stand as a constant
challenge to a democratic sys-
tenn under which it is palpably
intolerable The agrarian
past is finished; the heart OF
our nation is in the great cities
now, and they are afflicted with
a grave disease. 1t is here that
we must seek the terms of rae
ial peace and just i c e in the
fateful second half of the CEN
tury."
With these closing words
Harry Ashmore sums up what
to me seems to be the thesis OF
this book, that h wing to a
large extent moved out of the
South, the Negro is faced with
his old problems in new sur
roundings. The great migrations
of Negroes which began after
the First World War and which
were accelerated d ur i n G and
after the Second World War
have, by 1860, brought more
than half of Americas Negroes
to live north OF the COnfeder-
ate states.
My only Critics m of Mr..
Ashmore's book is that 1t tries
| to cover such vast canvas in
such short order that one Is
consciuos that an author of even
the stature of Harry Ashmore
cannot possibly do j u tt c to
the theme. The book lacks the
humor which is beginning to
creep into the new literature"
by and about Negroes. But it
also lacks the full punch of the
blow l felt Harry Ashmore
could give. Because he is cap
able of giving so much more ]
felt disappointed with this book.
II ic q cO11action IF articles he
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1961-06-29

and faith In something so in
tangible and unimportant as
Freedom. Our heart weeps.
But, and may God be kind to
us, there are students on that
campus at the University who
will cast their vote for Billy G..
Barton.
We weep, yes - we wish we
could be one Of them who SO
vote.
Evening star., 1961-07-08
Foreclosures
Up SO Per Cent

Non-tarm real estate fore
closures during the first three
months of this year were up
so per cent by comparison
with the same period of 1860,
the Federal Home Loan Bank
Board has just reported.
The board estimates that
there were 1891 such dis
tress actions during the jan
uary-March period this year.
The corresponding figure, for
1860 was ,245.
However. the board points
out that the number of fore
closures remains low by COM
parison with 1910 and earlier
years.
Evening star., 1961-07-08

the Berens Companies. ac-
cording to the announce
ment. Mr.. Woodner was
represented by Sheldon Bern
. stein of the firm Of Bern
stein, Kleinfeld and Alper.
The purchaser said plans
call for immediate remodel
ing, modernization and re-
furnishing of the building.
Evening star., 1961-07-08
Woodner Buys Park Towers

Purchase Of the Park
Towers Apartments, 244O
Sixteenth street NV, from
Harry A. and Della M.
Layne, was announced this
week by Ian Woodner of
the Jonathan Woodner Co.
and the Woodner Hotel.
Sale and financing of the
SO-unit building was handled
through Boss & Phelps and
Evening star., 1961-04-22
Boycott Opposed
By Home Builders

E. ]. Burke, jr., Of San An
tonic, Tex, president Of the
National Association Of Home
Builders, said such legislation
would initiate an entire new
period of unrest and conflict
in construction labor man
agement relations"
The secondary boycott is
a means of attempting settle
ment of a labor dispute
through economic coercion of
neutral employees and their
employees, rather than
throu gh direct pressure
against an employer with
whom a union has a labor
dispute" he pointed out.
At a time when there is a
drive on the part of the Ad-
ministration and the industry
Ito achieve a real break
through in the production Of
more and better housing for
our lower income families"
such legislation could cause
a serious set back, he added.
Evening star., 1961-04-22
Hay yRoke
IS Best

BY DOUGLAS TUoMEY
Contributing Writer

The wide wood rake, often
referred to as a hayrake, is
undoubtedly the best thing
to use on your lawn. 1t does
not tear roughly like an iron
rake, nor does it dig the
grass roots like a bamboo or
fan-shaped wire rake.
The only thing wrong
with the wood rake is that
it breaks quite easily. The
wooden pegs which are set
into holes drilled in the back
are not strong enough to
withstand encounter with a
well-bedded large stone or a
well-rooted clump of weeds.
Rakes with missing teeth do
poor jobs.
Evening star., 1961-04-22
By HOME BUILDERS

A spokesman for the Ma
tion's home builders this week
opposed proposals to legalize
secondary boycotts at con-
struction sites as damaging
to the industry, prospective
home buyers and the economy
as a whole.
Evening star., 1961-04-22

LANDON VILLAGE, $500 Landon Lane
CENTRALLY AIR-CONDITIONED 4-BEDROOM
BI-LEVEL RAMBLER. Large entrance foyer,
beautifully paneled recreation room, terrific
kitchen with service bar, separate dining room,
patio Owner transferred and price reduced to
SELL $34950.
Out Wilson Lane left Mdrburv Rd. to Landon Lane,
right to $500 and ANDRIS
Evening star., 1961-04-22
LOCUST HILLS ESTATES

luxurious rombe beautifully Iondopsd o' Lus living
with fepoee tormu dining opening onto patio
oil electric kitchen with bsukfo bedrooms dsn 23 buh
with fireplace
o'connor. oL 1897. OPEN SUNDAY. PM.
DIRECTIONS Boadbrook
DrtUe
Evening star., 1961-04-22
Frogs

A frog is a recessed
panel of a brick in which
ancient clay workers in
scrtbed messages about their
king, their country, or even
love notes. Some modern
manufacturers utilize the
frog" to identify their brick
by stamping in it their name
or trademark.
In testimony before a
House labor subcommittee,
Evening star., 1961-04-22
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.
BEDFORD VILLAGE

Mellow U.sd brick GoIoDioI split level bedrooms q above bomen
boh holt bohi kitchen,
reeeuon und Evss Moore OIL 43oo OPEN SATUR
DAY AND SUNDAY, Pm. TRADES ACCEPTED.
DIRECTIONS: Old Georgetown Rd, right Alta Vista
Right Locust Are.
Evening star., 1961-04-22
FORT SUMNER HILLS

community Of udouo homes pOnnsd ior gooy' living and
anng. beautifully ondeopsd built builders
We Offering homes Of designs end f'eUns' spacious living
formal kitchen with abundance
Of eobiTet. pneed den with fspIoes ond bedreems oil
public and Pooho hoolS OPEN SATURDAY AND SUNDAY PM
Evenings, Mr. Seds. OIL. 6-AlI4.
DIRECTIONS: Extended, T0ht
WeSpath block to Wespqth Terrace
Evening star., 1961-04-22
Junior Chamber
Plans Observance

lights in all downtown priv
ate and Givernment build
ingS will be turned on in
one evening Ito usually
demonstrate the power and
impact of the central core
area of the District" a tour
for wives of Congressman
concerned with District leg
iSlation, and a number of
other tours, open houses and
displays.
Participants
Groups which are partici-
pating in the observance in
clude: The National Capital
Planning Commission, Mary
land National Capital Park
and Planning Commission.
National Capital Housing
Authority, Urban League, Jun
ior Bar Association, Wash
ington Building Congress,
Redevelopment Land Agency,
Washington Real Estate
Board, American Automobile
Association. Downtown Prog
reSs, N Street Civic Associa-
ton, Webb & Knapp, Shan
non & Luchs, and Scheuer
q Stevens.
Evening star., 1961-04-22

The Washington Junior
Chamber of Commerce has
announced plans for a Com
munity Development Week
observance here May l
through 7.
First event on the program
will be a citizens meeting
called to explain the begin
ming of code enforcement in
sections of the District at
8 pm. May l in the Kelly
Miller Junior High School.
The meeting is being under
taken in cooperation Dis
trict office of Urban Re-
newal, a Jaycee spokesman
said.
Take Stock
Aim Of the observance is
to afford everyone concerned
an opportunity to take stock
of the community to see
what is being done and what
needs to be done, according
to Lou Moses, president of
the Jaycees.
Other events scheduled for
the week include: A Light
Up Night on May 5 when
Evening star., 1961-09-17

ssdls sspssnsa sasy expanding 7odg
essnshsmma stopping public I leeht 90
biggest NM consider
symbol o public proud dmindnt
oheud
look u he shopping enpyueas
dents 5h mnhasns force fok g yean.
Evening star., 1961-09-17

thousands and thousands M
SIN found ooea Iisnd On depend mode
IN sd fasnks
has thsn thuf hsfs stafs
hss 60 tk homer aon intend z taks
kspt VII sdds1 As ths t
possssad > setting hoppNa psuns When
ne popuIuon mushioosd Nsgepoton Washington oOvsd a
Evening star., 1961-09-17

{
Evening star., 1961-06-11
NucIeur Test

In the summer Of 1858, the
Soviet Union accepted the prin-
ciple of international inspection
after a group of Soviet, British
and American experts agreed
nuclear test detection was feasible.
Almost three years later, spe-
cific details had not been agreed
upon. And as a result of the
Vienna talks, there was little hope
there would ever be such an agree
ment.
President Kennedy said, Hopes
for an end to nuclear tests, for an
end to the spread Of nuclear
weapons, and for some slowing
down Of the arms race, have been
struck a serious blow"
The main reason for the i'm
passe, he said, was Soviet insist
ence on a veto within any control
commission established. The West
wants neutral administrator to
have an iron hand in making
Notwithstanding which the
Soviet Union calls a subterfuge
for espionage.
If no nuclear test ban is reached,
then scant success is seen at this
summers disarmament talks, for
if the two sides cannot agree on
controlling nuclear testing-rela-
lively easy to inspect-then the
chances of finding accord on the
complex issues surrounding dis
armament are very slim.
Evening star., 1961-06-11
Party Numerically

The Communist Party, USA,
open version, has been on the
Skids for a number of years. Its
membership has dwindled to either
10000 q. Edgar Hoover) or 10000
(Gus HalD.
The new Supreme Court rulings
obviously are not going to make
things easier for Reds in America.
On the other hand there is little
reason to believe that either the
overt or the underground versions
of the party will disappear because
of them.
The case involving the Smith
Act membership clause could lead
to prosecutions of the second
and third string Communist Party
leaders and even lesser fry. Mr..
Kennedy. however, made it plain
that he would not charge off on
any campaign to sweep as many
Reds into jail as he can.
Only if the Justice Department
has ample evidence to meet the
heavy burden of proof necessary
under the law, he said, would his
prosecutors bring action.
The II top Communists were
sent to jail in 1851 under another
section Of the Smith Act which
forbids anyone knowingly and
willfully to advocate and teach the
duty and necessity of overthrow
ing and destroying the Govern
ment of the United States by force
and violence"
Evening star., 1961-06-11
Laos

Discussing Laos, President Ken
nedy said both sides at Vienna
endorsed the concept of a neutral
and independent Laos, much in
the manner of Burma or
Cambodia."
II am hopeful" he continued,
that progress can be made on
this matter "a cease fire. in the
coming days at Geneva so that
it would greatly improve the in
ternational atmosphere.
The events III Geneva and in
far-oll Laos last week had quite
the opposite effect.
Only day after President Ken
nedy'S speech, the Communicated
Pathet Lao seized a Royal Gov
ernment outpost at Padong in a
show of force, completely in viola
tion of the cease fire agreement.
As result, the American posi-
ton in Geneva became even less
tenable than before, but President
Kennedy ordered the delegation to
remain in the hope some agree
ment can be worked out. Until a
cease fire is established, how
ever, the West is boycotting the
talks.
The feeling is growing in
Geneva that if an honorable set
tlement cannot be negotiated on
Laos, then further talks on more
pressing issues may be a waste of
time.
Hope was on the rise yesterday
after Ambassador Hartman and
Soviet Foreign Minister Gromyko
had 45-minute talk. The Soviet
official indicated that the Rus
Evening star., 1961-06-11
The President:
Medical Report

The White House announced
on Thursday that President Ken
nedy strained his back on May
16 and has been in constant
discomfort" He flew to Palm
Beach for a three-day rest, ac-
cOmpanied by his doctor, on
Thursday afternoon.
When the first of President
Eisenhower's three serious ill
nesses-the heart attack in Colo
rado-was announced on Septem-
ber "a, 1855, he had been IN office
nearly three years.
The American people, who have
always been keenly solicitouS of
the health of their Presidents,
were deeply shocked and worried.
The memory of President Roose-
velt's death in office 10 years
earlier was still vivid.
Last week, the White House an
nounced that President Kennedy
had suffered painful injury dur
ing a tree planting ceremony in
Canada. He had strained his back
while shoveling some dirt.
1.-THE photographs of the
President taken while he was
performing this ceremonial
chore indicated an unfamiliarity
with the shovel. He stood with
feet firmly fixed, knees unbent,
as he swung the loaded shovel
off to his left. The strain ap-
parently was like one might
suffer attempting to open a
Continued on Page Ca
Evening star., 1961-06-11
Dominican
Recognition?

The Organization of American
States sent a commission to the
Dominican Republic last week
to determine if sanctions i'm
posed last summer are still JUS
titled in the light of the assassi-
nation Of GeneralissimO Rafael
TrujillO.
AS the 13-man OAS group land
ed in the Dominican Republic
some tangible signs indicating re-
preston was ending were being
advertised widely by the new gov
ernment headed by President
Joaquin Belaguer, formerly the
figurehead in Trujillo's dictator
ship.
Most dramatic was the firing
of 1t. Col. John w. Abbes Garcia
one of the most feared and power.
full men in Trujillos own circle
He headed the tightly organized
military intelligence service which
Evening star., 1961-06-11
The WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
Where We Stand AfterVienna

President Kennedy reported
on his Vienna trip last week and
said it was "as sOmber as it was
immensely useful" No specific
Improvement was seen, however,
in the Berlin situation or in the
Geneva talks.
Before they went to Vienna,
President Kennedy and Premier
Khrushchev said their meeting
was primarily to get to know each
other better. No negotiations were
planned, they said, no treaties
would be signed.
In spite of this, q world hungry
for good news, even a fragment
of good news, seized upon every
word, every sign that closed
mouthed press officers made pub
lie.
Premier Khrushchev has not
spoken yet, ,but the President re-
ported without delay to the Ma
ton in broadcast (hiS first of
its kind) on what had happened.
He spoke in q Somber mood about
two days of sober, intensive con-
versation."
AS he had promised, mo advan-
tage or concession was either
gained or given. No major de-
cision was either planned or taken.
No spectacular progress was either
achieved or pretended"
Evening star., 1961-06-11
Berlin

When creating the occupation
zones of Germany in 1945, the
Big -Four said Berlin would be
governed "by an Inter-Allied
Governing Authority, which will
operate under the general direc-
ton of the Control Council, and
will consist of four commandants,
each of whom will serve in rota-
ton as chief commandant."
Because Berlin is ITO miles
within the Russian zone, Western
forces were guaranteed access
routes to the city.
Occupation then was consid-
cred temporary, pending a final
German peace treaty. It is now
16 years since the end of the war,
and there still is no treaty. Pessi-
mists wonder if there will be a
peace.
The Berlin Blockade, the So
Wet pull-out from the Control
Council, the two rival German
governments of West and East
have complicated and intensified
the rival positions in divided
Berlin.
On. November 81, 1858, Premier
Khrushchev said he was giving
the West six months to get out
of West Berlin. He said he wanted
peace treaty signed between
East and West Germany, and Ber-
lin established as a "free city"
The West has said it will leave
only when Germany is unified
after nationwide free elections.
Until then, the West has said it
will remain in Berlin.
Mr.. Khrushchev since has post
poned his six-month ultimatum,
but at the Vienna meeting, "our
most Somber talks were on the
subject of Germany and Berlin"
Mr.. Kennedy said.
The Berlin problem is grave
because Mr.. Khrushchev has
Evening star., 1961-06-11
Algeria:
New Solution?

France and the Algerian
Provisional Government began
their fourth week of talks to-
ward reaching a settlement in
Algeria. The atmosphere was
still cautious and deliberate.
The French lakeside resort of
Evian-leS-Bains near the Swiss
border makes its money from
tourists and not from political
talks.
Thus on June 20, the French
and Algerians who have been talk
ing for almost a month will have
to leave, together with the hun
dredS of security police who have
been guarding them. With all the
summer time tourists, the security
problem would be difficult even
for French gendarmes.
No substantive issues have been
settled, although it seems clear
that both sides honestly want to
settle the Seven-year-old war. The
issue of guaranteed safety for the
Europeans living in Algeria is
still paramount, but last week. the
question of the oil-rich Sahara
caused the most concern.
Before oil and gas was dis
covered in the Sahara, it was con-
Sidered part of Algeria by France.
Now it is considered a separate
administrative unit, and France
would like to keep Sahara for
itself when Algeria gains it's in
dependence. The Algerians object.
They say their economy will need
the Sahara oil fields.
A probable solution being dis
cussed would find Algeria holding
political control and France much
of its economic interests.
Evening star., 1961-06-11
A Long History

After exhaustive hearings-the
first took more than a year and
ate up $4,000 pages of steno-
graphic record the Subversive
Activities Board three times
found that the party was a Com
munist-action group "substanti-
ally" directed from abroad and or
dered it to register.
Twice. once by the Supreme
Court (1956 and once by the
Court of Appeals Q958), the case
was remanded to the board.
It was a particularly thorny
case for the courts because it in
volved weighing the need and right
of the Government to defend it
self, on the one hand, against
the allegations of individual rights
on the other.
Broadly speaking, this is what
separated the majority, Justices
Frankfurter, Stewart, Harlan,
Clark and Whitaker, from the
minority, Chief Justice Warren
and Justices Douglas, Black and
Brennan. Justice Frankfurter,
in a very long sentence. put it
this way for the court:
Where the problems Of ac-
commodating the exigencies of
self-preservation and the values of
liberty are as complex and in
tricate as they are in the situation
described in the findings (of the
act-when existing government
is menaced by worldwide in
tegrated movement which employs
every combination of possible
means, peaceful and violent, do
mestic and foreign, overt and
clandestine, to destroy the gov
ernment itself - the legislative
judgment as to how that threat
may best be met consistently with
the safeguarding Of personal free
dom is not to be set aside merely
because the judgment of judges
would, in the first instance, have
chosen other methods"
Evening star., 1961-06-11
Warren Sees Error

All four of the dissenters said
the registration provision violates
the Fifth Amendment. Justice
Black held that it also violates the
First Amendment. And Chief
Justice Warren found four serious
errors of a "non-conStitutional"
nature.
Justice Frankfurter held that
the Fifth amendment defense was
premature" and could be in
voked when, and if penalties were
ordered under the law.
The Government has cleared
the highest hurdle in its path to
enforcement of this law. But
there are many difficult
ones ahead before the Justice De-
partment is likely to get from the
Communist Party a list Of its
members (Which would be open
to public inspection), an account
ing Of it's finances and a tabula-
ton of all its printing machines
and devices.
Under the normal procedures Of
the court and board, the Commu-
mist Party has until August 9 to
comply or be subject to a $4,000
a-day fine and its officers to a
similar levy or five years in jail
or both.
But Gus Hall, Communist Party
secretary, defiantly declared at a
news conference on Thursday that
the party would not register or
turn over membership lists if we
had them"
He promised a vigorous political
and educational campaign ito
save the Bill Of Rights" and an
all-out legal battle against every
provision of the McCarTan Act.
AS a practical first step, the
Reds will file motion for a re-
hearing by the Supreme Court and
ask for stay of the execution of
Mondays decision while the plea
is under review.
Should the court reject the plea
and the party fail to register, the
Justice Department will go into
Federal District Court and bring
action to impose the $10,000-a-
day fine. Later, there would be
moves against Communist Party
officers and then against indi-
vidual members, who are required
to register personally if their Of
ficers do not include them on the
required list.
Evening star., 1961-06-11

threatened to sign a separate
peace with East Germany if the
West does not go along with his
plan.
In that event, he has said :'the
right to occupation flowing from
the victory over Germany will be
abolished. Access to Berlin by
air, water, and land without per-
mission of the government of the
German Democratic Republic
Cast Germany will discontinue"
This is interpreted as a clear
threat to the security of West
Berlin and both President Ken
nedy and President de Gaulle re-
Gently affirmed in Paris their
willingness to go to war to uphold
"our obligations to the people of
West Berlin"
Tension has increased so rapidly
that last week a routine Soviet
protest over West German plans
to hold a parliamentary meeting
in West Berlin gained front page
headlines.
The only encouraging note is
the willingness of both sides to
continue talks on Berlin. Presi-
dent Kennedy said Mr.. Khrushchev
would press his case in further
communications"