davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-03-29
New Frontier Defense

The defense recommendations Of
the Kennedy administration put pri-
mary emphasis on two things marked
increase in strategic missiles and an
appreciable step up in readiness for
non-nuclear war.
The Navy'S PolariS submarine is the
big beneficiary In the first category.
Impressed with the relative invulner-
ability Of this weapon, Mr.. Kennedy
proposes to invest an added $780,
! S00,0 in Polaris subs. The money will
go both for production speedup and
for an overall increase Of 10 of these
submarines. The Minuteman, our long
range solid fuel missile, will get an addi-
tional $96 million, and the plan to mount
it on railroad trains apparently is being
scrapped. This is just flrst push, how
ever, since 900 Minutemen are planned
for 1854, and these, with their launch
ing sites, will require great deal more
money.
Additional appropriations to pre-
pare for non-nuclear or bruShfire wars
are relatively modest, and this has given
rise to some surprise and disappoint-
nnent. The fact Is, however, that
Defense Secretary Mcnamara has not
completed hts study of defense require
nents, and, in the Presidents words,
these new requests are only "the most
urgent and obvious recommendations"
In short. 1t is quite likely that proper
tionately more will be sought for the
Army in the next budget
In net effect, Mr.. Kennedy is asking
Congress for about $2.7 billion more
than Mr.. Eisenhower requested, while
eliminating from the Eisenhower budget
some $3.50 million through cancellation
of programs, cutbackS and bookkeeping
maneuverS. In other words, he wants
Congress to provide almost So billion
more, to be spent over period of years,
and, Of course, additional money will
be sought in later budgets.
This requested increase comes on
top Of a budget which Mr. Eisenhower
and the Joint Chiefs of Staff, perhaps
reluctantly on the part of the latter,
had Endorsed as adequate on balance to
safeguard the national security. Mr..
Kennedy did not, and in the nature Of
things, presumably could not spell out
specific reasons why 50 billion more is
needed now. In whatever direction one
looks, however, there is no sign that the
Communist threat is diminishing. II
anything, in some areas, 1t seems to be
growing. This being so, there will be
little disposition, either in Congress or
among the people, to deny the new
President the funds he thinks are nee
essary for an adequate defense.
Evening star., 1961-03-29
MARYLAND Gets in Step

BY passing long legislation
to control savings and loan associations,
Maryland's General Assembly has
brought the State into line with all
other States. It is surprising that Mary
land took SO many years to see that the
deposits Of the public were safeguarded
and it is equally surprising that bills
to effect adequate regulation should
have generated so much heat at
Annapolis.
Public safeguards will be provided
savings and loan depoSitors through
two new laws. One, which created little
controversy, win, for the first time In
Maryland's history, give the State
regulatory authority over the loan firms,
many Of which have been subject to
neither Federal nor any other govern
mental controls. This regulatory
vacuum had invited an influx of outside
interests, some Of them of the hy-by-
night variety.
Nor were the deposits Of firms not
under Federal supervision always ade-
quately insured to guarantee depositors
against losses. The Legislature now has
required loan companies to provide
adequate insurance. The provisions Of
this act will directly affect an insurance
company in which several prominent
politicians were interested. Political
presSures against this insurance plan
developed as soon as Delegate Tydings
of Hartford County introduced 1t. But
the pressure Of public opinion pre-
vailed and the law was finally passed
albeit with a reasonable provision that
the affected f1rm be allowed two years
in which to meet the strict requirements
of the law.
Most Of Maryland's old-line loan
associations are conducted with proper
regard for the public interest. They
have had no reason to oppose State
regulation Of the industry. On the con-
trary, they have good reason to welcome
1t, for 1t will rid their field Of unethical
operators whose activities have tended
unfairly to bring discredit on the
industry as q whole. .,.
Evening star., 1961-03-29

for right and left-wing views on
domestic policy.
In foreign policy, 1t seems un-
likely there will be significant change.
Mr.. Spaak is one Of the most vigorous
champions Of the free world partner
ship, on which the Christian Socialists
and the Liberals have similar feelings.
The Belgian economy, however, has been
deeply hurt by loss of the Congo and by
depression at home. It is in this area
that political adjustment and agree
ment on policy must be found as basis
for stable government.
Evening star., 1961-03-29
Brass Outrunked

Representative Flood has
engaged in the favorite sport
Of some members Of Congress
in belaboring the so-called
Big Brass" This give 'em
hell" approach always makes
good copy back home and is
politically sound. He tried to
be ever so cute and humor-
GUS in his treatment.
The admirals and generals
are smart enough to accept
this abuse. Most could have
pointed out that every place
they go q congressman walks
out from behind q pillar,
chair, or bar and says. I'm
Congressman Blimp. I'm here
on an expense-free junket
for no good reason. Some Of
the expense is borne by you
fellows in the service, free
transportation, free drinks
and free grub. OF course,
I'm neglecting my duty in
the legislative halls, but this
free stuff and flattery sure
make me feel like a big shot"
To make this obvious ap-
praisal would subject the
Big Brass" to the individual
and corporate vindictiveness
Of the august Congress for
the rest Of their days. They
are smart enough to hold
their peace.
], C., Arena.
Evening star., 1961-03-29

I have read with amaze
ment Interior Secretary
Udall'S threat against the
Washington Redskins that
they hire a Negro player or
else risk President Kennedy's
wrath.
The man most guilty of
discrimination is not George
Preston Marshall, but Mr..
Udall. I understand that
there are no Indians on the
Redskin team-a paradoxical
oversight, I guess. There also
appear to be no Puerto Ri
cans, no Christian Scientists,
no members of the Ruritan
Club and no Pythians. Heav-
ems, Mr.. Udall, all these peo-
pie are being Disseminated
against.
The Administration must
use its moral power" to as
sure that each Of these mi-
nority groups has Q berth
on the Redskin roster. OF
course, we may not win any
ball games, but that's not
important. On the New From
tier. 1t matters not whether
you win or lose. IT'S who
plays the game that counts.
Edward Bradford.
Evening star., 1961-03-29
Schools in Trouble

The title and the theme Of
the recent series Of articles
entitled Schools in Trouble"
demonstrate the story which
is circulated by advocates Of
Federal aid for public
elementary and secondary
schools, but the facts do not
support the story.
First, the article March 2l,
headed Apathy and Tax
Fear Blocking Bond Issues"
refers with alarm to the de-
feat Of one issue Of school
bonds. No mention is made
Of the fact that voters in 1860
approved q record amount Of
school bonds for public ele-
mentary and secondary
schools, 1889 issues asgre-
eating over $1,756,975, 900.
ThlS constituted approval Of
over 81 per cent by value Of
the school bonds submitted
for approval at bond elections
and represented the largest
dollar amount Of school
bonds approved at bond elec-
tions in any year. The
amount approved at bond
elections in 1850 would be
supplemented by unused au-
thorizations from prior years
and by large amounts Of
school bonds for which voter
approval was not required.
Sales Of new issues Of
bonds for public elementary
and secondary schools In 1860
continued at q high level, ag-
gregating over $2,1S3, 900, 900
in the United States. Sales of
such bonds in January, 1861,
aggregated over $3.50 million,
the largest amount Of school
bonds ever sold in q single
month. These figures on
bond election approvals and
school bond sales are not es-
Inmates but are based on
actual tabulations by the In
veStment Bankers Associa-
tion Of America. They dem
onStrate rather conclusively
that there Is no general
apathy BY voters In approx
ing school bonds for needed
claSSrooms.
The article March %,
Voters Kill Bond ISSUE" was
based upon the defeat Of o
school bond issue in Parma,
Ohio, ct an election in May,
1860, although the issue was
subsequently approved by the
voters In November, 1860. The
article did not mention that
about 5 weeks prior to the
May bond election the Parma
City School District on March
%, 1860 sold an issue Of $1.2
million, which would give
many voters cause to question
the immediate need for an
additional issue.
Secondly, one Of the arti-
cles states that as Of last fall
there was q shortage Of 49,
100 classrooms. This COM
pares with the estimate In
1855 that about 100000 ad-
ditional classrooms were
needed. The article does not
mention that only $1,000 Of
the l42,100 clasSroomS were
estimated to be needed to ac-
commodate pupils in excess
Of normal capacity. Nor does
1t mention that even the esti-
mates Of classrooms needed
to accommodate pupils In ex-
cess Of normal capacity are
probably inflated. For exam
pie, the figures for the fall
Of 1860 for q junior high
Evening star., 1961-03-29
Understands Chinese

Robert F. Dorr, in his let
ter calls the Taiwan regime
pathetic, despotic." He in
sinuates that most Americans,
ignorant not only Of condi-
tions on the mainland but
also Of the state Of affairs on
the Island Of Taiwan, are Just
being noble when they speak
of the Taiwan government as
free" (presumbaly meaning
democratic).
Taiwan's defenders have
won the admiration Of the
free world for their plucky
stand against all odds. The
island, lying only q mere
hundred miles off the main
land and q powerful enemy
backed by a still more power
full ally-must, of course.
maintain o rigid military
vigilance.
Despite the fact that Tai
vans 10 million inhabitants
live under the Sword of Da-
mocles. so to speak, they have
gone about the job of build
ing up their little country in
an amazingly confident and
cheerful manner and, as a
result, are now members Of q
limited community not unlike
that Of Denmark where none
are too rich and no one is
poor. Rather than being pa
thetic. this community is to
be highly admired.
Allow me to disillusion Mr..
Dorr. We do understand the
Chinese and are fully aware
Of the manner in which the
majority Of the Chinese peo-
pie has been enSlaved by O
foreign ideology - cornmu-
nism, and we are particularly
well informed on the subject
of whether the Chinese Reds
can be defeated more easily
by words or by bombs. I ad-
wise Mr.. Dorr to study the
history Of communism In
Asia and particularly the
official Soviet blueprint for
the conquest Of Asia as laid
down by the Sixth World
Congress Of the Communist
international. held in Mos
COW on September !, 1928.
Emmanuel Larsen.
Evening star., 1961-03-29
Overoqe Pilots

A story In The Star March
20), "Ribicoff Hits ANA
Stand" about the admins
tration's health care plan,
quotes DR.. Leonard w. Larson,
president-elect Of ANA, as
saying:
Physicians oppose the bill
because Of a principle in
volved. They believe that
Government medicine, run by
bureaucrats under regula-
tions Of their own devising,
is bad medicine"
The great principle in
volved" causes me to wonder
where ANA was when Federal
Aviation Agency medicS made
their regulation forbidding
employment to all airline
pilots over age 50 In their
normal Jobs. Possibly ANA
was absorbing indoctrination
from Government medicine.
Robert e. Trimble.
Evening star., 1961-03-29
Chides Kennedy Aide

White House Associate
Press Secretary Andrew T.
Hatcher Is reported to have
declared to the Washington
chapter Of the NAACP that
Negroes should try to elect
their own representatives to
Congress. He was quoted
that 1t was 'inconceivable
that q city (WaShington) 81
per cent Negro does not have
a Negro Commissioner" Ac-
cording to the report, Mr..
Hatcher said that President
Kennedy was aware of the
situation and implied that
the President intended to do
something about 1t.
1t would appear that Mr..
Hatcher is publicly advising
an organized Negro group
that only Negroes in public
office can best serve their
interests. and that Negroes
as a class should combine
their efforts to ensure that
Negroes be so elected or ap-
pointed even though there
may be available better quail
flied persons Of another race.
AS q private citizen, and
under our doctrine of free
speech. Mr.. Hatcher would
have q perfect right to ad-
vocate such Q line of action.
But Mr.. Hatcher happens to
be an official member Of
President Kennedy's White
House staff and his salary Is
paid from the public treas
ury. I am sure his NAACP
audience was impressed BY
these facts.
President Kennedy has ex-
pressed his belief that public
officials should be selected
on the basis Of qualifications,
without regard to race. color
or religion. I am sure he
would be distressed II an
other member Of his staff
were to publicly advise q
group Of white persons to
support candidates for pub
lie office solely because Of
their race or religion.
Harvey H. Hewitt.
Evening star., 1961-03-29

which seem high In compari-
son to what was received for
the raw cotton. Profits from
other products and minerals
such as fish. tobacco, sugar,
timber, manganese and dia-
mondS, are those which bal
ance Portugal's always bal
anced budget. Her other col
onieS or colonial territorities
are a continual drain. But not
Angola.
Admiration for GaIvaO
What hasn't been under
stood is that for some time
the native-born Portuguese,
mostly whites, but also in
cluding mulattoes and quad
rooms who, in Angola, have
been allowed to earn posi-
tions of relative responsible
ity, long have felt growing
discomfort. They have wanted
either more Of q financial
break, or an autonomous,
commonwealth status. They
have had to guard their feel
ings because they are, after
all, Portuguese, and the gov
ernment is a severe dictator
ship. Nonetheless, there was
considerable admiration ex-
pressed for Enrique Galvao,
who headed the group that
captured the steamship Santa
Maria. The dictatorship has
its own secret police. But
these are augmented by secret
agents of the diamond cartel,
as well as the civil police.
There Is, despite the die
tatorship, religious freedom.
Almost all the education has
been provided by Roman
Catholic and Protestant mis-
sion schools. I must admit,
too, that in the back country
the average native shows lit
tie sign Of resentment. They
speak Of the white Portuguese
as the white men who live in
Africa. There has been less
racial prejudice than in other
colonies.
THE feeling between the
white and African popula-
ton is much better than that
in the Congo and the French
territories. White settlers
there are regarded as visi-
tors-as temporary people.
Mulatto children land there
are many Of them generally
are not merely accepted in
Angola, but are regarded as
having better opportunity.
There is, or was, when I
left a few months ago, still q
chance for Angola, white and
colored, to work out q har-
monious life in a rich land.
The United States should
have no regrets about its
U. N. vote. II Lisbon will show
some sense they may yet save
Angola. But the outlook Is
not good. It will be q great
pity If they are stupid"
Evening star., 1961-03-29
School Aid Solution?

groups VINO are against
the administration proposal
for school aid are against
the means not the aim Of
the bill for reasons which
have been widely expressed,
namely discrimination, con-
flict with the Constitution,
and fear of Federal control
Of education.
The solution therefore, Is
to change the means not the
end. AS q matter of fact, an
educational measure, Bill
S991. has already been In
troduced in Congress which
does just that. It is not a
question Of the administra-
tion's bill or no aid at all;
the alternative, S99l, Is legal,
fair. proof against Federal
interference in our schools,
and will help both public and
private dncluding parochiaD
school children.
S991 provides that every
taxpayer who pays a school
tax on his real property or
as part Of his real estate tax
shall, after having calculated
the amount Of Federal in
come tax which he must pay
the United States. be per-
mitted to subtract the full
amount Of such school prop
erty tax or such proportion
Of it as will result in a total
additional benefit to the tax
payers Of between So and $4
billion.
S99l will accomplish the
following:
/. The States can increase
their taxes for educational
purposes without imposing
additional burdens on their
taxpayers, as the taxpayers
will be relieved of this ex-
pense on their Federal income
tax. The States will thus be
encouraged to tax adequately,
as inadequate taxing will re-
suit in q proportionate de-
crease Of tax relief to their
taxpayers from the Federal
Government.
2. The tax relief will 20
to all taxpayers, thus remov-
ing the discrimination in the
administrations proposal
Parents Of private and paro-
chial school children will be
financially enabled through
the tax relief to support the
schools Of their choice.
8. The public school Sys.
TENS will benefit, as all tax.
payers must pay the State
taxes for State systems be-
fore receiving deductions from
the Federal Government.
4. S991 is legal and consti.
tutional as it gives tax relief
to individuals instead Of
contributing to either public
or private school systems.
5. S991 will channel all tn,
money to education without
requiring any cut for in.
creased staff or other admin.
istrative expense on the part
Of the Federal Government.
Every American who want,
aid to education without Fed.
eral control. without waste
without discrimination, anC
within the proper legal limit
Of the Constitution, shoulc
write to his Senator, his
Congressman. and member
Of the education committed
OF Congress urging them Il
substitute S991 for the ad
ministration's measure.
X. Brice Briggs.
Evening star., 1961-03-29
BeIqium Seeks New Path

Belgium's weekend elections, forced
by a combination Of embarraSSmentS
and misfortuneS at home and abroad,
assure a change in the makeup Of
government but are less conclusive as
to future government policy.
AS expected, the dominant Social
Christian Party-whoSe prestige was
hurt by loss of the Congo and the
distressing after-events in the former
African colony, and whose popularity
suffered through sponsorship Of an
economic austerity program at home
was the only substantial loser, dropping
eight Of its 104 seats in the National
Assembly. Even so, these losses did not
bring comparable gains to the two other
major parties. The leftist Socialists,
hoping for better results with Paul
Henri Spaak back as their party leader,
held their "a seats with about the same
percentage of popular vote. And the
right-wing Liberals, who gained slightly
in popular vote. actually lost one of
their 81 seats. The net winners, but
hopeleSsly in minority positions, were
the Communists who gained three seats
for new total OF t1ve and the FlemlSh
Volksunie Party that added four places
for total Of five in the new assembly.
Out Of these returns, there has been
only one immediate result-the reSigna-
ton of Social Christian Premier CASTOR
Eyskens and his simultaneous ac-
ceptance of a caretaker role until new
government coalition is worked out. It
is in this latter connection that MIR.
Spaak's political forcefulneSs and in
fluence are expected to pay on. It is
believed the Socialist Party will join
the coalition, with Mr.. Spaak himself
taking a high cabinet position
probably that Of Foreign Minister. The
Liberals, represented in the outgoing
government, may or may not remain
in the new combination-perhaps
depending largely on whether an &C.
ceptable middle ground can be found
Evening star., 1961-03-29
Fonninq Old Embers

Since minorities now hold
the balance of power in the
large cities, it is inevitable
that the politicians will relish
every opportunity to solicit
favor regardless Of the ami
mostly or bitterness they en-
gender. It is singularly ironic
that the Civil War Centen-
nial has been selected as q
vehicle for this purpose.
Perhaps with q little more
effort they can persuade both
sides to use live ammunition
at the re-enactment Of Bull
Run.
Evening star., 1961-03-29

Q. Who would succeed
the Vice President Of the
United States II he should
die In office?-A. I. :
A. The office would re-
main vacant until the next
election. There is not at the
present time, nor has there
ever been, q law providing
for the filling Of this office
when q vacancy occurs. The
present laws Of succession
relate only to the office Of
President.
@. What language was
used for the official copy Of
the United Nations Charters
Il. G.
A. Five official copies were
made, one in each Of the
five official languages Engs
hsh, Chinese, Russian, French
and Spanish-and deposited
in the archives Of the United
States Government. Duly
certified copies were sent to
the Governments Of otheL
signatory states. Z.
Evening star., 1961-03-29
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDriters' correct
names and addresses. All let
ters are subject to condenSG-
ton. Those not used IUill be
returned only tDhen accom-
panied By self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-03-29

school in Montgomery Coun-
ty, Maryland, show ALSO
students on double session in
that school; but the facts re-
veal that a new high school
scheduled for opening in
September, 1860 was not
completed on schedule be-
cause Of construction delays
so that the TAO pupils sched-
uled to attend the new high
school were put on double
sessions with the ,440 pupils
in the junior high school un-
til the new school was COM
pleted in December, 1850.
This situation undoubtedly
occurred In many communi-
ties throughout the country
with the result that the re-
ports thus showed large
n u m b erS Of students in
classrooms In excess Of nor
NAL capacity simply because
schools which had been fl
nanced and scheduled for
opening in September, 1860.
were not completed by the
scheduled date. g..
Nor do the articles men,
ton that more than 279.700
clasSrooms have been COM
pleted during the last four
years and that an additional
SO, 800 claSsrooms are sched-
uled for completion during
the 1960-61 school year.
These classroom estimates
are based on q January, 1851
release by the Department
Of Health, Education and
welfare.
The American people want
good schools and the best
education for our children
and are willing to pay fof
them; but 1t has not yet
been demonstrated that for
the achievement of those OBJ
jectives the central govern
ment can determine our local
needs or spend our tax
money more effectively than
American citizens voting In
local elections. s
Gordon l.. Calvert.