davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-06-26
Berlin and Mr.. K.

In q recent news article by
Earl H. Voss there is this
statement: why Mr.. Khru-
shchev would risk q big war
over Berlin Is still q major
mystery in Washington"
This remark Is really
strange indeed. People who
remember the last war know
quite well that Germany had
to make war or otherwise
would have had to scrap all
her accumulated armaments
as obsolete. Her decline
would have been final. The
same is with Russia now: she
may use all kind Of pretextS
but there remains one hard
fact only: The alliance of
Great Britain, Americ q.
France, Italy. Japan, Ger
many. etc. etc., is capable Of
producing ten times as much
Of all kind Of weapons as
Russia. Everyone knows that
if Berlin falls to Russia West
Germany will follow. Russia
will then have at least in
creased her potential war
capacity by three to five
times. Samuel Igra.
Evening star., 1961-06-26
Sammy FeIicitous Feline, Joins Temp Jones

Toro" we called him at
times), and for his narrow
hips and long hind legs, he
was High Pockets" as he
stalked toward our back gate.
His voice, as he squinted up
at you through slanted green
eyes, began in q low key and
lifted up and up in q Gre
scendo that ended in q
mournful below: mee-row-
ow-OW-OWR!
AS Sammy moves nearer
Templeton Jones, the chat
tering Of the multitude
ceases, there is a momentary
hush, and then a chorus of
"Ohs" and "Ahs" rises like a
tide.
Sammy" Temp greets
him, I'VE have made for you
a duplicate of your home
area. What have you done to
deserve it?"
"Sir, I have given Joy to
my folks. I loved them and
was q good companion for
them. And now-now I feel
selfish that I have all this
and cannot share 1t with
them"
Enter, Sammy, into Ely
sum-" says Temp with a
warm smile. Welcome to
the Islands of the Blest."
(And that is how this re-
porter saw the meeting of
Sammy Felidae and Temple
ton Jones. Since it is their
story, he signs only his
initials).
F.D.M.
Evening star., 1961-06-26

Cold wars, hot wars, sum-
mits, tractors, Berlin, all Of
mans problems have been
forgotten for the present at
our house, for Sammy has
left us. Sammy, famous in his
own right, was of the family
felidae. mispronounced "cat"
by some but mispronounced
felicity" by his own folks.
Sanmy's big heart could
not cope with a vicious in
fection, so he left us to go
out to meet Templeton Jones.
Somewhere out there in
the Elysian Fields, Sammy
moves with 1.-the, sure step
across a green meadow stud
ded with daisies and clover,
and here and there a flaming
poppy. Templeton is out there
waiting, flanked by a myriad
Of birds and animals, Gravity
things and furry things, all
the teeming life Of the back
yard and down the block and
over the way that so en-
thralled the Washington
Stars nature-loving colum-
mist, the late beloved Charles
Tracewell.
Temp knew Sammy. It
was but little more than q
year ago that Mr.. Tracewell
introduced the two when he
discussed in The Star Sam
my's habit of watching tele-
vision, climaxed one night by
his dash across the room to
attempt capture Of a pigeon
winging across the television
Evening star., 1961-06-26

screen. Temp may not have
known that, shortly there
after, Sammy warmed the
hearts Of cat lovers across
the world by getting his story
and picture into Newsweek
magazine.
In case one wonders where
Mr.. Tracewell's friend, Tenn
pleton Jones, fits in, I have it
on good authority that the
former gave Temp one last,
joyful assignment when the
columnist passed on last year.
Temps job is to welcome and
care for all those creatures
Of nature which Tracewell
loved, which so many Of US
love. Not all Of these loved
humans. Some were devoted
to q human or two or three,
but most of them have seemed
to feel that people are un-
desirable egocentrics, gen.
orally.
Sammy felt that way, as
he often indicated by a nerv-
Gus twitching Of his short,
kinked tail. He wasn't rude
about it: he simply walked
away. Coal black he was,
even to the flesh of his
mouth, lips, and feet, but two
dozen white hairs made a
light Smudge on his chest.
Also. to add to his impish-
ness, he had a habit of pro-
truding the tip of his scar
let tongue. Short neck and
broad shoulders gave him the
look of a miniature bull Gel
Evening star., 1961-06-26
Yankees, ST?

This administration should
make clear to fund-seeking
South American governments
that for the dollars ad-
vanced, we shall require a
WE LIKE YANKEES" cam
paign, waged in their own
inimitable manner.
Its effectiveness can de-
termine proportionately the
share Of our national re-
sources to 60 to our friends"
J. Meigs Brearley.
Evening star., 1961-06-26
THE PASSING SCENE
A Cradle of Literary Greatness
By RALPH McGHL

competent. So. with the ven
erable Emerson's eyes upon
them, they hesitated but
agreed.
This 22-year-old resident
Of Concord later was to do
the seated Lincoln In the
majestic memorial at WASH
ington, before which millions
of Americans and peoples
from all over the world have
stood in awe and prayer.
There are many other mas
terpieces Che was prolific),
but these will do for illustra-
tions.
Wheels Wouldn't Turn
There is a legend that
years ago a visitor asked q
historian for an explanation
of why one such small city
could hold and nurture so
many outstanding perSonali-
ties, writer's, philosophers,
botanistS, statesmen and one
of the worlds best known
and loved sculptors.
1T is very simple" said
the historian. "In other areas
Of Massachusetts, the rivers
flowed swiftly enough to turn
water-wheels. They deVel-
oped manufacturers and
millers. But the Concord does
not seem to flow at all.
Hawthorne once said that he
lived beside it for weeks be-
fore he learned which way
it flowed. It could turn no
wheels. Instead, it inspired
poets, novelists. philosophers,
artists and research into
nature. One of the things
held in common by the taci-
turn Thoreau, the aloof
Hawthorne and the friendly
Emerson was a great love- Of
nature. They had a sluggish
river"
Lucky, therefore, we must
conclude, is the community
whose rivers flow softly and
slowly. unpolluted by the
wastes Of industry, turning
no wheels but saying to the
passerby, Peace be unto you.
Abide awhile, and think"
Thoreau noted this quality
Of the river in his notes Of
q journey on the Concord
and Merrimac. The Indians
called it "Musketaquid,"
which, Thoreau discovered,
meant "dead-water." The
river. Thoreau wrote in 1889,
contributes to the proverbial
moderation Of the inhabi-
tantS. He put the mood Of
it in this sentence:
Gradually the village
murmur subsidized and we
seemed to be embarked on
the placid current of our
dreams, floating from past
to future as silently as one
awakes to fresh morning or
evening thoughts"
It is an indictment Of US
that we have destroyed so
much Of beauty and nature.
Evening star., 1961-06-26
Court on Ooths

The Supreme Court has
now taken its stand along
side Soviet Russia in its at
tempt to divorce God from
government. 1t appears from
the Torcaso case that the
court has held that q State
may not deny appointment to
an applicant for appointment
as notary public to a pro-
fessed atheist whose duties,
ironically enough, would be to
administer oaths to those
appearing before him in his
official capacity.
Surely the court did not
intend to judicially deny the
existence Of God-but 1t will
appear so to many who learn
of this case. In its effort to
maintain the separation Of
church and State it has ap-
parently sanctioned disbelief
in q Supreme Being. This de-
cision, together with others
Of recent date, will do little to
promote domestic tranquility
or to curb lawlessness.
How far will this trend 60?
Will 1t become necessary to
remove the legend: "In God
We Trust" from the currency
which pays the salaries of the
Justices? VIII all oathS be-
come an empty gesture? Must
we Danish the Chaplain of
the Senate? And must all
future Presidents take their
oaths of office upon q volume
Of non-sectarian poetry? Are
we to encourage a generation
of anarchists who respect no
law, no man, and no God?
What has happened to the
concept Of law as the pro-
tector of the innocent-the
shield Of Society against the
forces of evil-the defender
Of morality? Where does in
dividual freedom stop and
unbridled license begin?
Mark C.. BOwsher.
Evening star., 1961-06-26
Chilling Thought

In a recent article in The
Star, 1t was stated that some
of Franklin D. .Roosevelt's
private files had been made
public. It was revealed that
in 1914 FDR had turned over
to Stain the countries Of Po-
land, Latvia, Lithuania and
Estonia. Since 1914 was an
election year, FDR requested
that Stain not say anything
about this deal because Of the
fear Of losing the large Polish
vote in the U. s.
This revelation brings to
mind o recent news article in
The Star which stated that
Bobby Kennedy had ad-
dressed a group Of Polish
Americans. He, told them
that in spite of Poland's re-
Evening star., 1961-06-26

In a story on the Supreme
Courts closing It's term
(Star, June 20) this paragraph
in reference to the Courts
decision not to review a case
further confuses the case:
Commercial airline pilots
over the age Of so lost their
fight against q Federal Avi-
alton Agency rule fixing a 60
year ceiling on commercial
pilots"
The last two words should
read airline pilots" because
no age ceiling has been placed
on commercial pilots" and
none is wanted. However, any
qualified airline pilot who
loses his airline job at so
(by FAA decree) may COM
mercially" fly passengers in
the same equipment any
where in the United States,
legally - and presumably
safely.
Aside from that, the i'm
preston is given that, because
the Supreme Court did not
review the case, the basic
issues have been decided.
Actually. even If the Supreme
Court had reviewed the case
and assuming 1t was found
full Of legal errors, the higher
court could not with sense
criticize q lower court that
was frank enough to say that
it was not its business to
substitute its Judgment Con
Evening star., 1961-06-26
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Using Satellites to Keep Time
BY THOMAS r. HENRY

A world time system with
an assured accuracy of less
than q thousandth Of a sec
ond at all times now is pos
sible.
The development was just
announced to the National
Academy of Sciences by the
Applied Physics Laboratory
Of Johns Hopkins Univer-
sity, working under a con-
tract with the Navy's Bu-
reau of Weapons. It is
based on the so-called
'Doppler effect" the short
ening or lengthening of
radio waves from a satellite
approaching or receding from
the earth. This is a we'll
known physical phenomenon
Of which no practical use
has been made in the past.
In this So-called transit
system" of time checking,
according to the Johns Hop
kins report, a time signal is
sent from the United States
Naval Observatory to a satel-
lite. The message contains
a synchronizing pulse which
is referenced to the time
signal.
Sets Its Own Clock
"The satellite thereupon
resets its own clock, its
oscillator, and subsequently
broadcasts a correct time
signal to navigation stations
ships, land stations and
airplanes. Thus local time
can be compared to the time
furnished by the satellite.
The accuracy of the time
broadcast by the satellite is
determined by the stability
Of the satellite oscillator.
"The transit system will
make it possible to compare
clocks the world over to an
accuracy of better than a
thousandth Of a second on
q routine basis, since the To-
cation of the satellite with
reference to the receiving
station is accurately known.
Furthermore, the use of
high radio frequencies and
direct line communication
paths obviate the difficulties
associated with long, low
frequency radio paths"
The system will be of even
more value in enabling ships
and planes to keep precise
records Of their positions at
any time, according to the
report. It ultimately would
involve several satellites in
orbit around the earth at
attitudes and orbital inclina-
tions optimum for accurate
global coverage.
= + &&
The. veiled planet Venus,
Earth's nearest planetary
neighbor and probably the
most likely abode of life else
where in the solar system,
has an "aeolosphere" of dust
particles under its dense
cloud cover.
The high probability of
this from radiation observa-
tionS was proposed before
the American Geophysical
Union here by DR.. E. j. Opik
Of the University Of Mary
land.
Evening star., 1961-06-26

safety for that Of q Federal
technical agency. y
ALI this leaves the pilots
where they came in--look.
ing for q method to place
a controversial technical
matter before an independent
and technically qualified
tribunal.
Recently, two Of your edi-
torials gave me the impress
sion that you thought that
the Dupont General Motors
Stock" and the PAY the
Turncoat" cases were ex-
amples Of Illegal injustices."
You may not be aware Of all
the facts and implications Of
the pilots case but you may
understand why they may
also feel that sometimes
legal justice" can indeed be
weird. Robert E. Trimble.
Evening star., 1961-06-26

Only microwave radiation
can be detected coming from
Venus surface. but longer
wave-lengths would not be
stopped by the clouds, pre-
Sumably very similar to
clouds in the earth's atmos-
phere. Below the clouds, DR..
Opik said, must be something
almost completely opaque to
these longer wave-lengths.
He presented q model Of
the Venusian atmosphere as
deduced from various obser-
vations. There is no hole in
the cloud cover through
which it is possible actually
to see anything. 1t must all
be a matter Of deduction.
A Hot Planet
The average surface tenn
perature, it was pointed out,
must approach about 300
Centigrade. Venus is much
nearer the sun than the
earth. The average atmos-
pheric pressure probably is
two to four times that found
on earth.
The great dust clouds Of
the aeolosphere, DR.. Opik
said, presumably are due to
fine-grained material Of some
sort stirred up from the sur
face by high winds. This
would indicate that the
planet has, in part at least,
a dry surface. It had been
speculated that Venus might
be altogether ocean, evapo-
ration Of whose waters would
account for the clouds.
DR.. Opik's de d uctions
throw no light on the possi-
BILE existence Of Venusian
life. although there is some
indication that the dust is
largely Of carbon particles.
Carbon is the major element
in living things.
Evening star., 1961-06-26

Additional Concord Notes:
A well-worn winding path
brings one up the slope Of a
ridge In Sleepy Hollow Gene
terry to the graves of Con-
cords literary great-Ralph
Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel
Hawthorne, Henry David
Thoreau and the Alcotts.
particularly Louisa.
They sleep there in becom-
ing modesty. with no ostenta-
ton of headstones. They are.
indeed, gathered so closely
together in death that one
can imagine their ghosts sit
ting on the headstones on
quiet nights, carrying on con-
versations about the new
turns in philosophy, religion
and literature.
Nor are they all who gave
to their small community a
name for intellectual vigor
and variety. Ephraim Wales
Bull, breeder of the Concord
grape, lies there in bitter
ness. He waits for the arous-
ing trumpet to reaccuSe those
who unworthily took the
fruits of his long years Of re-
search and experiment.
Not far from him sleeps
Samuel Hoar, one Of the cell
ebrated figures Of the New
England bar, who in 1874
went boldly into Charleston,
S. c., to test the constitution
atty Of a State law forbid
ding any person Of color
holding a job to come into
the State on board any YES
sci. Threats did not move
him nor did the resolutions
Of expulsion adopted by the
LEGISLATURE. He. departed
passionately determined to
bring an end to slavery. In a
sense he succeeded, as he was
one Of the organizers Of the
Republican party and a stall
wart in the abolitionist move
ment.
PIOw to Rifle
Not all the story Of Con-
cords notables is to be read
on the stones at Sleepy Hol-
low Cemetery.
On April 10. 1875, one Of
the two most famous statues
created by an American
sculptor was dedicated near
the rude bridge where "the
fight" had occurred q cen
tury before. This is the Min
ute Man. His eyes look to-
ward some distant challenge
One hand is quitting the plow
handle. The other holds q
rifle.
The sculptor, Daniel Chest
er French, was then but "a
years old. Some of the CEN
tennial committee wanted an
established, famous artist to
conceive and execute the me-
mortal. But Emerson was
firm about it. Young French
Concord's own, although un-
known, said the sage, was
Evening star., 1961-06-26

Pen names may be used u
letters carry iOrtters' correct
names and addresses. An let
ters are subject to condensG-
tion. Those not used IDtll be
returned only tUhen accom-
panied by self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-06-26
Freedom Party Plan

not giving proper attention to
overcoming the tremendous
political advantage which
communism enjoys. In &C.
onomic and military fields,
the United States is pitted
against the Union Of Soviet
Socialist Republics, and in
these competitions we more
than hold our own.
But in the political field
we are at a decided disadvan-
tage, because we are aligned
against communism and this
Is an international weapon
which has no counterpart in
the Western arsenal, unless
one can call such abstract
terms as freedom" and
democracy" political weap-
onS.s
We have lost billions Of
dollars in economic and mill
tary aid before and we will
lose billions again. unless we
can fill this political void.
What we require is the or
ganization and establishment
Of an international Free
dom Party" in every country
where communism exists or
threatens TO exist.
This viii not be easy to ac-
complish. for among other
things 1t must be achieved
without mourning charges Of
internal interference. But un-
less we can achieve 1t, the
wolf will come in through
the windows, while we are
guarding the doors.
Phelps Phelps,
(Former U. 8. Ambassador
to the Dominican Republic)
Jersey City, N. j.
Evening star., 1961-06-26
Mallory Bill Support

Whatever one may think Of the
result of the Supreme Courts recent
decision in the case of Arthur Culombe,
a murderer, the ruling lends substantial
support to the pending bill for modi-
fication Of the so-called Mallory Rule.
Culombe and another man, Joseph
Taborsky, brutally murdered a Con-
necticut filling station proprietor and
ascUStomer in 1857. It was the type of
case in which police had one and only
one means of investigation-th ques-
tioning Of suspects. For there were no
physical clues, and as Justice Frank
flrter, writing the majority opinion
pointed out, there was but one eye
witness ~ the murdered customers
daughter, who was eighteen months old.
Justice Frankfurter spoke Of the
lawful responsibility of the police for
maintaining the peaceful order Of
society,"" He noted that two-thirds Of
the murders in this country go unsolved.
And he discusses "Society'S need" for
police interrogation In case of this
kind as well as Society'S need to be pro-
tected against possible abuses of police
interrogation. Nevertheless, Culombe's
conviction was reverSed-over the OBJ
lection Of Justices Harlan, Clarke and
Whitaker. The man had been held,
and questioned intermittently over a
period Of four nights and five days,
(although he did not claim to have been
abuSed) and Justice Frankfurter, Joined
by Justice Stewart, concluded that he
was thereby deprived Of due process
Of law.
Taborsky, Culombe's companion in
crime, did not appeal, and presumably
his conviction stands. Nor will Culombe,
necessarily go free. His first confession,
made on a Wednesday night, was ruled
inadmiSSible. But he made an obviously
voluntary second confesSion-after he
had been brought before a Judge, warned
Of his right to remain silent, and had
had counsel appointed to represent him,
Presumably, the State of Connecticut
can try him again on the basis Of this
second confession.
The significance of this case in the,
Mallory situation turns on two things.
The questioning of Mallory extended
over only few hours. His conviction
was reversed, not on constitutional
issue as in Culombe, but under Federal
rule Of evidence requiring arraignment
before Judge without unnecessary
delay" We think it is a fair inference
that the Culombe conviction, had the
facts been similar to those in Mallory,
would not have been reversed.
The pending legislation in the NAL
lory matter would permit the police to
question suspect for a reasonable"
period of time, provided the suspect has
been advised Of his right to remain
silent. Some of the opponents of this
bill argue that its enactment might lead
to return Of the days when third de-
gree methods were used to extort con-
feSSions. But the Culombe decision con-
vincingly rebutS this extravagant argu-
ment. For even If the Federal rule of
evidence is modified, as we think it
should be, the Supreme Court still would
remain as a barrier to the use of con-
fessions obtained by any methods which
the justices think offend the constitu-
tional requirement of due process of
law-whieh means that police inter-
rogation must be fairly conducted.
Evening star., 1961-06-26

@. Was there ever a super
stition that eggshells must
be crushed as soon as the
contents were eaten, or harm
would follow?-G.P.
A. This is part Of an
ancient superstition, based on
sympathetic magic. People
who believed in sorcery
believed that a connection
continued to exist between
the food which a man had
eaten and the remainder Of
it Cor refuse from it, which
he left uneaten. and that an
enemy could injure any man
by injuring the remains Of
his food.
@. How many cities In the
United States have popula-
tions of 100000 or more?-
C.L.
A. At the time of the 1860
census, there were 1870 q. s.
cities with populations Of at
least 100000. OF these, SO
were between 100000 and
100000 in population.
Evening star., 1961-06-26
Answers to Questions
BY THE HASKINS SERVICE

a reader can get an answer, By
mail, TO any question Of fact By
writing The Star Information Bu-
reau. 63b e street NV. WASHINGTON
I. D. G Please inclose return post
age or sef-addressed. stamped
Evening star., 1961-11-17

About thirty years ago, automotive history
L AwaS made when a newcomer, Plymouth,
first challenged Ford and Chevrolet sales
giants of the induStry-with an advertisement
that was headed, Look at all three
Today, similar situation, but in reverse,
is making new history as Ford and Chevrolet
bring challenge to another car.
Today the two giants have each produced
new car trying to challenge a car that has
been scoring huge Success-Rambler.
The Rambler Classic, for over six years,
has been Americas on y middle-size car-the
only compact with full room for six 6-footers
For over six years, this size Rambler has
offered car buyers the best of both-big-car
room, comfort and performance, with COM
pact-car price, economy and handling ease.
The overwhelming acceptance of this car
by the public has resulted in such a phenom-
enal success for Rambler-Oper 4OO% increase
during the past four yearS-that Rambler now
outSellS all other cars but the two giants.
1t was inevitable, of course, that these two
giants, Ford and Chevrolet, would arrive at
the Rambler Classic size sometime.
That time is now. Ford has just announced
its Fairlane, Chevrolet has announced its
Chevy II.
So now it is time for the astute car buyer
again to ''look at all three this time,
Chevrolet, Ford and Rambler.
For 1862, Rambler offers two fine cars in
the ''best-of-both' size.
The chart at the right shows a comparison
of these cars with the Ford and Chevrolet
entries in all important respects. Even quick
examination will show that the Rambler
Classic (or the Rambler Ambassador V-8)
offers far more advantages to the car buyer
than the other two cars.
This, too, is inevitable-for good reasons.
It costs millions and millions of dollars to
convert production lines to building cars with