davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-07-20

the United States, made the
complaints in a letter to MSU
officials.
Riders in Memphis
Five Freedom Riders arrived
at Memphis, Tenn. after an
uneventful bus trip from Chat
tanooga, Tenn, via Nashville,
ate at a bus terminal restau-
rant, and commented I'VE don't
know where we're going next.
City Judge James Spencer
convicted two Negro leaders at
Jackson, Miss, for contributing
to the delinquency of minors
who were arrested on breach of
peace charges in desegregation
attempts.
The two were James Luther
Bevel, "a, of Itta Bena, Miss,
field secretary for the Congress
of Racial Equality, and Ber-
Inard Lafayette, 20, of Tampa,
Fla, field secretary for the
Jackson Non-Violent Move
ment. Mr.. Bowel was convicted
on three counts and Mr.. Lafay-
cite on two. They were SEN
fenced to $500 fines and six
months in Jail on each count.
The color ban at the munich
pal swimming pool in Maple
wood, Mo-, a st. Louis suburb,
has been lifted. The pool was
closed Tuesday when about 40
Negroes tried to buy admission
tickets, but yesterday the City
Council voted unanimously to
open the pool to all residents
Of Maplewood, regardless of
race.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-07-20
High Court to Get
Glen Echo Sit-Ins

ANNAPOLIS, July 20 (AP)
Five Negroes who conducted
a "Sit-in" at Glen Echo AmuSe-
ment Park in Montgomery
County plan to ask the Supreme
Court to review their treSpass-
ing convictions which were I'D
held by the Maryland Court OF
Appeals.
Claude B. Kahn of Chevy
Chase, counsel for the defend
ants, said yesterday he is pre-
pairing a petition to take the
case before the Supreme Court
The Maryland court held last
June 8 that they deliberately
violated "a lawful policy OF
segregation" in the park in
June, 1859. The park opened
on a desegregated basis this
year.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-07-20
Surgery Removes
Liz TuyIor Scar

HOLLYWOOD, July 20 (AP)
Elizabeth Taylor is reported
in good condition after plastic
surgery to remove a one-inch-
long scar on her throat.
The operation was performed
yesterday and a spokesman
said the actress is expected tC
leave Cedars of Lebanon Hos
pital in about four days.
The scar was caused by a
tracheotomy performed during
Miss Taylor's near-fatal bout
with pneumonia in London
earlier this year.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-07-20
New Southern
Action Group
Gets Support

JACKSON, Miss, July 20
(AP).-Representatives of eight
Southern States were on record
today as indorsing a new move
ment for unity in the fields of
racial issues and economics.
They plan another meeting
within so days in Montgomery,
Ala, to formally launch Miss
issippi Gov. Ross Barnett's
SAFE organizattion-Southern
Action for Economy.
Three other Governors be-
sides Gov. Barnett attended the
closed session in Jackson yes
terday. Two Negro pickets were
arrested outside the meeting
site.
Afterward, Gov. Barnett
told newsmen that the program
would not compete with the
long established Southern Gov
errors Conference. which meets
this fall in Nashville, Tenn.
ShOulde Be Separate
The Southern Governors
Conference only meets once a
year and doesn't take up things
that are controversial" Gov.
Barnett said. I'VE feel this
should be a separate program. 3"
Earlier, Gov. Barnett said he
did not want any Southern
officials who are "timid and
lukewarm" to participate in
SAFE.
Attenging the session were
Cows. Orval Faubus of Arkan-
sas, Ernest F. Holdings of South
Carolina and John Patterson OF
Alabama. Florida, Georgia
Kentucky and Louisiana sent
representatives.
Gov. Barnett presented a
four-point program aimed at
the twin goals of economic i'm
provements and preservation of
constitutional government.
Pleased With Reception
Later, he said he was pleased
with the reception his proposal
got. II asked them not TO pass
on it, but to go back home and
talk it over before the next
meeting"
He said the discussions in
volved "a lot more economic
development than it did segre-
CATION"
The proposals were:
l. Expansion of the South's
economic position.
2. Expansion of trade with
Latin America.
3. Expansion and research.
4. improvement of the South's
position in its battle for the
right of self determination and
for the preservation of consti-
tutional government.
Cows. Patterson, Holdings,
Faubus, Georgia Attorney Gen.
eral Eugene Cook and Louisiana
1t. Gov. C. C, Aycock were
named as a committee to plan
the next session of the group
at Montgomery. 1t is expected
to come shortly before the
Nashville Southern Governors
Conference. -.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-07-20
2 in Freedom
RideAccused
OF Red Link

JACKSON, Miss, July 20
(AP).-Police said yesterday a
report of the House IN
American, Activities Committee
showed that two Freedom
Riders had been connected at
one time with a Communist
group in Los Angeles.
The two, Rose Rosenberg,
55-year-old lawyer. and Jean
Pestana, 43-year-old Hollywood
lawyer who uses the profess
sional name of Jean Kidwell,
were arrested July Is in the
Greyhound bus terminal with
10 other riders.
Police gave newsmen copies
of a report by the House Com
mittee on Communist Legal
Subversion. 1t said:
Rose S. Rosenberg was iden-
titled as a member of the Com
muniSt Party by former Com
munist Party members, Milton
S. Tyre on December IA, 1851,
and A. Marburg Yerkes, Janu-
airy "a, 1852, when they testi-
fled that they had known Mrs.
Rosenberg as a member of a
Communist lawyers group in
Los Angeles.
Rose Rosenberg testified be-
fore this committee on October
l, 1852, at which time she in
voked the Fifth Amendment in
refusing to answer questions
concerning her Communist
Party membership"
The report said testimony of
David Aaron before the COM
mittee on January %, 1852
entitled Communist Activities
Among Professional Groups in
the Los Angeles Area"-indi-
Gated Mrs. Pestana was a
member of the Communist
lawyers group.
Mr.. Aaron was quoted in the
report as saying he resigned AS
secretary of the Lawyers Guild
Of Los Angeles County, and
that Mrs. Pestana became exec
utive secretary of the group
after the man who succeeded
Mr.. Aaron.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-07-20

his rifle club, but he said the
group has about 100 weapons,
mostly foreign rifles.
ct keep an armed guard on
my house at night" he said
yesterday. IF anyone attacks
my house. the city of Monroe
is going to see a blood bath. "
Flies Cuban Flag
Mr.. Williams, president of
the Union County chapter of
the National Association for
the Advancement of Colored
People, has been in trouble
with the national group be-
cause of his various militant
statements.
Mr.. Williams. who has made
two trips to Cuba since Mr..
Castro seized control of that
country, often flies the Cuban
flag in his backyard. News
men who have visited his home
have reported seeing firearms
there.
At East Lansing, Mich, four
Negro officials from Tangan-
yika and Kenya have COM
planned to Michigan State Uni
versity authorities of dis
elimination because, they said,
they were allowed only one
drink each in two Lansing area
bars. .
DR.. John A. Hannah, univer-
sity president. expressed regrets
over the incident. He Is chair
man of the Presidents Civil
Rights Commission. The Ne
groes. who spent several days
at the university on a tour of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-07-20
Carolina Negro Aims
Arms Race at Whites

MONROE N. c. July 20 (AP).-A Monroe Negro leader
collecting rifles for two reaSonso form rifle club
for sport and for with the white people of
Monroe
Robert F. Williams avowed admrer of Cuban Premier
Ffdel Castro declined members has in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-07-20

.-&....ss ;.,-:+, g.
Evening star., 1961-07-17
G. o. P. Hopes Get Boost in California
And New York, Homes of '64 HopefuIs

of his national victory that
he could give light and
leading to a State party
which has been going down.
hill ever since the war. Ken
nedy managers outsmarted
Tammany Hall to get a ma
jority Of the convention dele
gates; the candidate then
carried New York by a whop-
ping majority.
But the county leaders put
their ears back and dug in
when the administration at
tempted to replace a State
chairman they thought like
able but hopelessly inept.
The leaders of New York
City's five boroughs have
just rebuffed a Kennedy at
tempt to patch up their quar-
rel with Mayor Wagner and
have put up a city slate of
their own.
Conceivably this m e ans
loss of control of City Hall.
1t almost inevitably means
that Gov. Rockefeller will
sweep into a second term at
Albany with an impressive
majority, bound to help in
his aspiration for the Repub-
lican nomination for PreSi-
dent in 1864.
The White House now
knows, too, that Richard
Nixon is personally con-
vinced that it will be possible
Evening star., 1961-07-17

committee putting a price tag
on administration proposals
and listing Is fundamental
errors" it has made.
The cost of the Kennedy pro-
gram to date was listed as $11.S
billion above the estimates of
the Eisenhower administration
for fiscal 1862. The report said
funds for welfare. defense,
foreign aid, housing, agricul-
ture, and space have all been
increased by President Ken
nedy.
Among what the committee
listed as errors were the Cuban
invasion and the resulting trac-
tor exchange offer, "the fact
we were outmaneuvered, out
bluffed and overpowered in
Laos" and "the general feeling
the administration has been
soft in the Berlin crisis"
Evening star., 1961-07-17
DORIS FLEESON

New York and California
are the States with the big
gest electoral votes and they
happen also to be the States
from one of which President
Kennedy expects his 1864 Re-
publican rival to come. He
cannot be happy at this
stage about either one.
New York Democrats are
engaged in one of the most
confusing family fights of
their tumultuous history. The
volatile politics of rapidly
growing California gives no
assurance that the Demo-
Gratis who swept the State by
immense pluralities in 1858
can repeat in 1862.
A plaintive voice attached
to one of the party's biggest
New York contributors
reached a White House po-
litical aide last week end with
the inquiry: Aren't you
going to help us at all with
the mayoralty business? Lots
of us don't know where to
turn"
A reply came back to this
effect: New York politics
looks to us here like bowl
ing ball without any holes in
it. Where could we exert
leverage to help anybody"
It was the burned child
speaking. 1t seemed to the
President in the first flush
Evening star., 1961-07-17

says this, it sounds different
from when it is said seriously.
When the bombers are blasting
it is difficult to stay at your
post"
Debate on Words
The prosecutor followed up,
And because you were so small
and insignificant Mueller said,
we shall send to Hungary the
master himself'?"
This was perhaps some sort
of rhetoric phrase, a lingo
military men use as a matter
of course" Eichmann came
back. mo serious intent was
involved. This was the slogan
OF the latrines. After all, I
didn't initiate anything in
Hungary"
Mr.. Hausner promised Eich-
mann there will be en- ac-
counting" of his activities in
Hungary where he directed the
deportation of 100000 Jews to
the death camps. With this
phase, the attorney general ex-
poets to wrap up his cross
examination, perhaps by to-
morrow night.
Evening star., 1961-07-17
DAVID LAWRENCE
Allies Map Berlin c Countermoves

thinks the West is not united
or that the allies will not
act together promptly. Such
a miScalculation could bring
on a hot war. Hence the
West is making every ef-
fort, by word and deed, to
convince the Soviet Premier
that it will insist on main
tanning its military rights IN
Berlin.
This doesn't mean any dis
inclination to talk or nego-
tiate between now and Oc-
tober, for there is always a
chance that a settlement can
be effected. If, however, the
Soviet Premier announces
his anticipated program in
October, there will be a
summit meeting of President
Kennedy, Prime Minister
Macmillan, President oe
Gaulle and Chancellor Ade-
nauer. Again there will be
an opportunity for a firm
notification to the Soviet
government of what the con-
sequences will be if the East
German government is given
the go-ahead by Moscow to
take over the rights previ-
ously held by the SovietS in
and around Berlin.
So it all boils down to one
thing-if Khrushchev thinks
that, with the Soviets' supe-
rior military strength in
ground troops and conven-
tional forces. he can drive
the allies out of Berlin be-
cause he believes the West
will not use nuclear weapons,
he will be making the biggest
mistake of his career. For if
a so-called limited war" de-
velops. it seems sure to be-
come major war.
Talk, therefore, and nego-
tiations with the Soviets are
already under way, but, since
the Moscow dictator has an
nounced that he intends "be-
fore the end of the year" to
sign a separate treaty with
East Germany, the Western
allies also are formulating a
timetable of countermoves
which will likewise be put
into operation between now
and the end of the year.
There is no artificiality about
this international crisis.
(copright, 1861
Evening star., 1961-07-17
PorIey With Big Killers
Admitted by Eichmonn

mission that he ever initiated
an order.
AS he has for more than
three months, Eichmann clung
to his stand that his was a
transport officers job and he
never made a decision without
obtaining instructions from
above.
Judge Benjamin Halevy, in
terrupting the exchanges, COM
mented quietly:
You appear to have done
much less than you were au-
thorized to do. You even re-
fused to make a proposition
to voice an opinion. Can one
run an office without someone
taking an initiative, without
expressing an opinion?"
"Never ReprOached"
Il was acting in accordance
with an oath of allegiance, 4"
Eichmann replied. IT was not
compelled to initiate anything.
l was never reproached with
failure to obey orders"
Mr.. Hausner attacked Eich-
mann's alleged minor role by
producing a chart of the w.
B-4 headquarters in Berlin and
asked how big it was. The de-
fendant stammered that he
couldn't really remember, may
be it was eight or ten rooms,
I'm inclined to think eight, and
there were halls that were not
used and big room that later
was not used"
The chart showed 13 rooms
on three floors.
The attorney general also re-
minded Eichmann that his su-
perior, Gen. Heinrich Mueller,
once said, If we had so Eich-
manns we would have won the
war"
This was when Mueller ex-
tolled me because we could
work despite the fact many of
our records were burned in
incendiary raids" Eichmann
responded. This was said in
a jocular vein. Mueller was a
Bavarian and when a Bavarian
Evening star., 1961-07-17
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

The religious issue forever from politics Every
body agrees Kennedy is in just much trouble any
Protestant
The agency prepares to shoot second into
space straight south from Florida He'll be
Havana.
KhrushchevS policy of peaceful co-exstence a smash
thousand East Germans the border
co-exiSt a little more peacefully with
There seems to be uncertainty about the future
of the human survey shows that more and
people putting their money on the horses.
Eisenhower reported opposed to spending $40 billion
to put a the Better send woman instead.
She won't unless she get the trip for $l995 billion.
Deputy THE Secretary and finally had meeting of
the minds today Deputy Assistant "And?" Deputy: HE
took look at and adjourned the meeting for lack of
quorum"
Evening star., 1961-07-17
Unhappy States for Democrats

to unseat Kennedy in 1864
and will devote all his ener-
gies between now and then
to being the Republican to
do it.
AS with all political meet
ings the real happenings at
Nixon's recent dinner with
California Republican lead
ers and fat cats have seeped
out. Nixon wanted to say
publicly then what he said
privately, which is that he
would not run for Governor
next year. Instead he pro-
posed to seek national lead
ership," that is, the presi-
dency, again. He was per-
suaded to hold off for a
time so other candidates
could be built to more i'm
pressive proportions.
Political analysts who
worked for Nixon at cam
paign time support this re-
port to Kennedy from aides
of Gov. Brown. They write
that Nixon is determined not
to tie himself to day-to-day
operations at Sacramento be-
cause he is so sure that the
President is losing face and
cannot regain it.
This has it's bright side in
that it will make it easier
for Democrats to retain their
present control of California.
But it also presages a con-
sistent, unremitting barrage
OF criticism of the President
by a campaigner not re-
nowned for his restraint.
Evening star., 1961-07-17
WILLIAM S. WHITE
Hard Choice of Alternatives

speak out in public compara-
lively little is a wise one.
There is some evidence on
both sides. Undoubtedly,
Presidential concentration
now on the men of power,
the fellows who hold the
votes, has more practical
value, now, than would fire
side chats direct to the
country.
Undoubtedly, too, for years
past. in both Democratic and
Republican administrations,
there has been too much cry
ing of wolf. and most par
ticularly on foreign aid.
Again, Secretary Rusk
rightly puts his main ener-
giles now on planning for
crisis; not on propaganda
for crisis.
Still, the time may already
have arrived when he and
the President need to tell the
country plainly on what
points they will negotiate
with the Russians over Berlin
and on what points they will
not: Our right to maintain
troops there. our right to &C
cess to the city.
For the public, if this cor.
respondent has anything re-
Sembling the right impress
sion, will violenty-and quite
rightly-disapprove anything
that looks like any surrender
to the Russians. The neces-
Sity, therefore, is to explain
which points are genuinely
vital and which are not. To
give up something non-es-
sential (and this the West
will surely do in the end)
will do no harm-if the
people really understand
what is being given up.
Some candid preparation
OF public opinion along this
line must soon be under
taken, unless the administra-
ton wants an unnecessarily
disillusloned public on it's
hands in the fall.
Evening star., 1961-07-17

PARASITIC Foreign Sec
retary of Great Britain, the
Foreign Minister of France
and the Secretary of State of
the United States will meet
on August l in a conference
to be devoted to contingency
planning" with respect to the
Berlin crisis. The meeting
place has yet to be de-
termined.
This is the first of a series
of moves which not only will
emphasize allied unity, but
will actually result in de-
cisionS as to future policy.
which will not necessarily be
announced in advance.
After three days of talks
here with the Prime Minister.
the Foreign Secretary and
the Finance Minister of the
French government; with
Gen. LauriS Norstad, Ameri-
can commander of the NATO
forces, and with other high
American officials here.
certain impressions have been
derived by this correspondent
which may be outlined as
follows:
The international situation
is regarded seriously on every
side. Ask anyone in an Of
fical position whether this is
a crisis that will blow over,
or whether it might result in
a hot war;" and the answer
in every instance is one of
doubt as to the outcome and
an admission that fighting
could enSue.
This is altogether differ
ent from the atmosphere that
has prevailed at the various
four-power conferences which
this writer has come to
Europe to write about in re-
cent years. For the first time
everybody comedies the pos
sibility that the worst could
happen, but fervently prays
that it will not.
AS one of the high French
officials put it, there is al
together too much talk in
the open and not enough re-
straint in public expressions
as to future planning.
Certain moves have al
Evening star., 1961-07-17

He referred to a document
adopted on December 4, 1860,
by the United Nations Educa-
ton, Scientific and Cultural
Organization.
If approved by the Senate,
the cardinal said, the resolu-
ton will substantially elm
mate all local control of public
education at State or local
level" place all American edu-
cation under Federal control,
override this Federal control
and make it subsidiary to
UNESCO as a world court ard
final international arbiter of
education" and rigidly restrict
private non tax supported
schools and colleges"
Evening star., 1961-07-17
Viewing War Peril Seriously, They Plan
To Insure Moscow Doesn't MiscoIcuIote

ready been purposely re-
vealed, and their meaning is
doubtless not being missed
by Moscow. Thus, one divi-
sion of French troops has
been ordered back to France
from Algeria and another
may follow soon. This may
mean two additional divi-
Sions for the use of NATO,
though, as usual, the formal
word is that the French
troops will be associated with
but not necessarily under
NATO command unless war
breaks out.
1t is unfortunate that some
parts of the British press
have seen fit to criticize Pres
ident Kennedy's cautionary
measures as "dilatory." To
say this is to misunderstood
the allied approach. First of
all, it is to be noted that the
Soviet Premier has announced
that, when the Communist
Party congress meets in Oc-
tober, he will make his move
to sign a separate peace
treaty with East Germany.
But before this happens the
conference of foreign minis
ters of the West will have
been held and certain diplo-
matte notes will have been
sent to the Moscow govern
ment even before that meet
ing discussing frankly the i'm
plicationS of such an expected
program.
Meanwhile, military plan
ming will proceed on the as
sumption that East Germany
will start a slow-moving but
nevertheless brazen attempt
to take over the access routes
to Berlin. Any such steps will
be resisted by military force.
The Kremlin theory that a
long drawn-out debate on
legal aspects will then fol-
low is mistaken. To pursue
that line would put the in
itiative in the hands of the
Soviets and keep the West
in a state of tension indefi-
nitely.
The principal danger of
war lies in the possibility
that Nikita Khrushchev still
Evening star., 1961-07-17
House eG.O.P. Unit
Blasts Kennedy
Spending Policies
By the Associated Press

The Republican Policy Com
mittee in the House has ac-
cused the Kennedy administra-
ton of offering a legislative
program leading to more Fed
eral spending and centralized
control.
The group charged also the
administration with being
soft" on foreign policy, play
ing politics instead of practic-
ing craftsmanship and having
"Socialistic tendencies"
The charges were contained
in a report prepared by the
Evening star., 1961-07-17
President and Rusk Firmly
In Charge of Nations Policy

policy recommendations for
the President, than in trying
to explain the situation to
the public. His public pro-
nouncementS would often
rival Calvin Coolidge for
laconic underStatement.
And he is spending no time
at all to show how powerful
is Dean RuSk and how less
powerful are the professional
White House foreign policy
advisers. If RuSk is in fact
being out-argued at any point
by these men, wise observers
will not assume that such a
situation will continue.
1t is this correspondents
firm belief. based on some in
veStigation, that Rusk will be
the Secretary of State in the
fullest sense - meaning the
chief and decisive foreign
policy lieutenant of the PreSi-
dent-to precisely the degree
Rusk himself may choose. If
the time comes when he is
really being undercut any,
where. don't bet that this
soft-spoken Georgian won't
come out on top. He does not
presently throw his weight
around. true. But this doesn't
mean he doesn't know how.
Once, years ago, many
thought Cordell Hull of Ten
nessee. another Southerner,
would surely be overthrown
by the bright young men
around Roosevelt. But when a
clash finally came Judge"
Hull was still Secretary of
State; it was the others who
fell.
The important question,
however, is whether the ad-
ministration's decision to
Evening star., 1961-07-17
Peril to Schools
Seen by PreIute

LOS ANGELES, July II
(AP) "A United Nations reSo-
luton coming up for approval
by the United States Senate
would take away freedom in
education, says the Archbishop
of Los Angeles.
James Francis Cardinal Nc
Intyre told the st. Vincent de
Paul Society yesterday that
the resolution would compel
this country to solcialize edu-
cation under International con-
troll.