davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-09-01

Court ruled that State legis-
lative committees could not
even investigate subverSion
within their States bound
aries.
In Pennsylvania versus
Nelson" the Supreme Court
ruled it was unlawful for
Pennsylvania to prosecute a
Communist Party leader
under Pennsylvania law.
Let us hope the Supreme
Court can enforce it's recent
ruling requiring the regis
tration of Communists, since
it appears that by the two
decisions cited above, the
Court has made it difficult
for the States to fight COM
muniSm within their borders.
Not a John Bircher.
Evening star., 1961-09-01
Simple Survival Plan

I am writing in answer
to the letter of Eric Reisfeld.
I am not a Civil Defense Of
ficial, but according to THE
Effects of Nuclear Weapons"
published by the United
States Atomic Energy Com
mission, a 20 megaton hy-
drogen bomb burst will prod
uce a crater about 800 feet
deep and about $500 feet in
diameter. There is a soil rup-
ture zone extending about
$50 feet below the crater.
This would mean that one
should be about 500 feet
(allowing so feet for a safety
factor) below ground to
escape the blast of a 20 meg
atom bomb. However, this
assumes the worst possible
conditions: first, that the in
dividual is at ground zero
(directly beneath the bomb
explosion) and, second, that
the bomb explodes directly at
the surface. If the bomb is
exploded in the air the crater
would not be as deep, the
crater depth varying inversely
as the explosion height above
ground.
Shelters 500 feet below
ground could be constructed,
but they would be quite ex-
pensive, unfortunately. They
would save a great many lives.
I agree with Miss Agnes N.
Blum, that Civil Defense
should outline a simple pro-
gram for people to follow in
case of emergencies. There
are a number of technical
and learned works on civil
defense (the above "The Eff
fects of Nuclear Weapons" is
an example of this. There
is, however, not much in the
way of simple action plans.
David w. Johnston.
Evening star., 1961-09-01
One Worrisome Statistic

To deal with the brighter side first,
there are two welcome figures among
the Federal Governments employment
unemployment statistics for August.
One is that total employment of 68.5
million is the highest ever recorded for
August. The other is that while un-
employment was dropping by approx
mately 100000 between mid-July and
mid-AuguSt, to total of As million, the
most encouraging improvement was a
better -than-SeaSonal reduction of 200,-
900 in the ranks of the long-term job
less. For statistical purposes, these are
people who have been out of work for
fifteen weeks or more-in some cases
for many monthS-and whose need is
correspondingly greater.
Unfortunately, these favorable fig
ureS are offset in part by the fact that
what is called the "SeaSonally adjusted
rate" of unemployment-6.9 per cent of
the total civilian work force-remained
virtually unchanged for the ninth
straight month. With economic recovery
well under way and with employment
pushing steadily toward new record
peaks, this perSiStently high rate of
joblesSneSS poses both an economic and
a social problem. Actually, it tends to
bear out point recently emphasized
in a National Planning Association study
that the pattern of modern recession
recovery phases shows that after each
cycle there is left slightly higher
plateau of chronic unemployment. Even
with the accelerated recovery now ex-
pected in the fourth quarter of this
year, Secretary of Labor Goldberg told
news conference the other day that
he would still guess" there will be an
per cent at the year-end.
If this guess proves correct, Mr..
Goldberg added, the administration is
prepared to support legislative author
ization for a large-scale public works
program when Congress returns in
January. Senator Clark, Pennsylvania
Democrat, already has proposed $2.2-
contribution of 81 billion would be
matched by $1.2 billion from State and
local sources. President Kennedy has
indicated by letter to Senator Clark that
he favors the PennSylvanianS proposal
Sin principle" with the implication
that the administration would back it
as a starting point for legislative con-
Sideration next winter if the need still
exists.
There is a question, of course, as to
whether one-shot public works pro-
gram would have anything more than
a temporary impact on the unemploy-
ment problem. The Clark plan, how
ever, would put the second half of the
program on standby baSiS-to be held
there if the jobleSS rate should drop
below per cent BY some such formula
as this the Federal and local govern
ments could be prepared to act only
when and if the need for job-making
is demonstrated.
Evening star., 1961-09-01
Views of High Bench

In a letter, John Holte
Hagen challenged a state
ment of mine that Chief
Justice Warren had acquired
"a dubious voting record
which is best described as
overwhelmingly pro-Commu-
mist and anti United States"
Mr.. Hagen said there is no
shred of evidence to support
this view as far as he knows.
The report and recon-
mendationS to the House of
Delegates of the American
Bar Association of it's Special
Committee on Communist
Tactics, Strategy and OBJ
jectives in February, 1859,
stated that the Supreme
Court, in many cases, had
unnecessarily limited Nation
al ard State security efforts,
thus encouraging increased
Communist activity in the
United States; that the "pa-
ralysis of our internal Sc
curity grows largely from
construction and interpre-
tation centering aroun d
technicalities emanating from
our judicial progress %;
and that the majority of the
Supreme Court had failed Ito
recognize the underground
forces that are at work and
to appreciate how these de-
cisions affect our internal Sc
security" The committee
summarized "a cases which
had been criticized by the
public, public officials, and
the bar as illustrative of how
our security had been weak
ened. F. w. Barnes.
*&
In "Sweezy versus New
Hampshire" the Supreme
Evening star., 1961-09-01

stances. On this occasion,
however, the author should
be applauded by all Ameri-
cans for approaching a basic
element in achieving under
standing between the peoples
of the world.
In principle, Mr.. Lawrence
is proposing that we find the
way to communicate from
the American citizenry to all
people. He is, in effect, stat
ing that we have failed to
transmit ourselves, our true
characteristics, our ways of
life, and our institutions. He
devotes a considerable por-
ton of his article to the fall
ureS of the Voice of Ameri-
ca. This criticism IS valid
and can be helpful in bring
ing about corrective action
to make substantial strides in
the direction of truth and un-
derStanding. But, let us re-
member that this communi-
ating medium is a one-way
instrument and, at best, can
never be an effective sub
Stitute for two-way inter7
change.
We must find the ways to
communicate from the
American citizen to the peo-
Piles of the world. Our neigh.
bors are not around the corn
er-they are around the globe.
Americans. let us heed the
principle set forth in Mr..
Lawrence'S article. Let us
find the way to communicate
to the peoples of the world;
not through the embassy and
consulate representatives, not
by stories of motion picture
actresses, not through politi-
clans, not through business
interests but, through per-
Son-to-person contact, or any
other way of cultivating a
mutual understanding at the
level of the masses. In pro-
jecting ourselves, we will have
cause to examine what is
sacred to us and to respect
what is sacred to others. We
will find that the words
freedom" and democracy"
are not hollow concepts, but
very real and fundamental in
achieving dignity for all
mankind. Let us be positive,
let us be proud of what we
are, and what we are doing.
1t has been most heartening
to read Mr.. Lawrence's article
to read an exposition speak
ing to a real substantive ele-
ment. The answers to achieve
the objectives are not i'm
mediately apparent, but let
us set as our objective, the
achievement of two-way COM
munication with the peoples
of the world. Let us under
stand each others cultures,
let US understand the cultures
of each nation. let us do it at
the level where it is really
meaningful.
My sincere and genuine in
terests in this subject are
based on recent, extensive
contact with people from
various countries of the world.
Roger J. Rapp
Evening star., 1961-09-01
THE WORLD
Rx CROSBY S. MOVES
BeIqrode Can't Affect Berlin
Foreign Correspondent Of The Stor

IL is unusual Tor soviet
Premier KhruShchev to act
with such open contempt for
the opinion of the neutralist
bloc. And the implications
of his latest move, though
still far from clear, are any,
thing but reassuring to the
delegates here.
The reason for Western
nervousness is quite simply
the enormous potential of
this conference for getting
off the track chosen by the
more conservative leaders.
The delegates are, for the
most part, highly unpre-
dictable, individualiStic men,
with their own firm ideas
about the problems of the
world. Each of them will
find plenty of scope within
the broadly-worded confer
ence agenda to air whatever
special grievances they may
have in mind.
Few of these are likely to
make pleasant listening to
Western ears. AS usual in
any meeting Of African and
Asian nations, the only really
sure touchstone is that of
anti-colonialiSm. And on this
score, a number of speakers.
including those from Tunisia
and the Algerian nationalist
government" are sure to
make the most of their plat
form. Other non-aligned
leaders - including perhaps
Yugoslavia'S Marshal Tito
could seize the opportunity to
draw attention to the Rus
sian and Chinese brand of
colonialiSm. But, on the
whole, this part Of the dis
cussion seems likely to go
badly for the West.
Little Expected on Berlin
On practical questions in
which the interests of the
great powers are directly en-
gaged-Such as Berlin-very
little of practical value can
be expected to emerge from
the coming talks. Oddly
enough, it is precisely this
question that has given rise
to most pre-conference jitters
on both sides of the Iron Cur
tain. While Washington and
Moscow clearly would prefer
to have the subject of Berlin
quietly Shelved here, both
East and West Germans have
been actively lobbying among
the delegations in hopes of
winning support for their
cause.
On the surface, it seems a
completely vain hope that
this group could agree on any
practical ula which
would stand the remotest
chance of being accepted by
the parties directly respon-
sible. On many questions the
concerted opinion of this
strangely assorted gathering
might well carry enormous
weight. But when it comes
to Germany or Berlin, neither
Russia nor the Western AL
lies are likely to be swayed
in their decisions by any
group, whatever it's claims to
impartiality may be.
Evening star., 1961-09-01
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names mdy be used II
letters Gerry tDrtteTs' correct
names and addresses. All let
terS ore SUBJECT to cOnderSd-
ton. Those not used iDill be
returned only tDhen accom-
painted BY self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-09-01
Projecting Ourselves

The suggestion of David
Lawrence that the public
relations of the United States
with foreign countries be
directed by a man of cabinet
stature has much to recon-
mend it. Such an appoint
ment would at least help to
insure that the United States
Information Agency, which
has suffered so much in the
past from the opposition and
the prejudiceS of those mem
bers of Congress who control
its purse strings, would have
adequate funds to enable it
to carry on its excellent
services.
One can also agree with
Mr.. Lawrence that the prob
lem of foreign policy COM
munication needs a new look,
although the conclusions
likely to be reached will be
very different from those
he has suggested. The
U.S.I.A. is not primarily
fighting the propaganda
battle against communism in
Western Europe, but in those
countries of Latin America,
Asia and Africa Significant
ly omitted by Mr.. Lawrence)
which have a powerful voice
in the United Nations. Those
areas, which are inhabited
largely by the colored races.
have only recently emerged
from feudalism and colonial
ism, and additional empha-
sis on the conservative point
of view in America is hardly
calculated to win this country
new friends.
The United States was
most popular in the world
during the period of the
New Deal, when America was
finding daring new solutions
for its own economic prob
lems-not during the Repub-
lican and isolationist era of
Harding, Coolidge and Hoov-
er. Roosevelt became a SYM
Dol of American ideals of
freedom and humanity op.
posed to Nazi and Fascist
dictatorship as no other
American President has
been before or since. The
United States can best fight
communism today by pre-
serving this image and I be-
lieve, having heard many Of
its broadcasts both in Europe
and the Far East, that the
U.S.I.A. is successfully en-
gagged in maintaining it.
In the final showdown it
will be far less important to
the United States to lose
the votes of the dwindling
number of authoritarian re-
gimes in Europe and Latin
America-and South Africa
if it is able to win to it's
side the nations of Asia,
Africa and Latin America
which control the balance of
power in the United Nations.
James III. Whyte.
y n X
David Lawrence'S article
entitled d Communicating
with People" reveals a posi-
tive. constructive attitude of
this writer which has been
demonstrated only in rare in
Evening star., 1961-09-01
BELGRADE. Yugoslavia

Inc banner OF ueuCrallSm
or 'non-alignment"- under
which this 24-nation pow
WOW has gathered is a truly
wonderful standard.
EncompaSSed in its all
embracing folds is one of the
most desperate assemblies
ever gathered together in one
place. Having just arrived,
we haven't seen all of the
nine presidents, the six prime
ministers, the two kings, two
princes, the emperor or the
archbishop who are supposed
to be on hand. We've seen
enough, however, to realize
that this conference has been
called with a fine disregard
for race, color, creed or po-
litical persuasion.
1t includes people who
normally would walk a mile
to avoid meeting each other.
And it will take something
of a miracle to produce any
thing that might pass as a
practical achievement dur
ing the next five days.
Goal Not Clear
1t is not entirely clear, in
fact, what these high-pow-
cred delegates, themselves,
hope to accomplish. The
emphasis, so far, has been
on what is not expected to
happen here. Indian Prime
Minister Nehru has served
notice that in no sense is
there to be any effort to
form a neutraliSt bloc to act
as "a third force" in world
affairs. No political decisions
are to be taken.
AS things have stood up to
now the proceedings are sup
posed to be confined to a
general discussion of the
world situation. The most
concrete results expected
were a number of vaguely
worded resolutions on such
problems as disarmament
and nuclear tests.
In view OF this modest
prospect, one wonders at the
presence in this flag-draped
city of seme 80G newspaper
reporters, including more
than 200 Americans, and at
the nervousness in the West
ern capitals during the last
few days. Only the Russians,
it seems, have been taking
the whole thing calmly. The
two or three Russian news
men in Belgrade are said to
be limiting themselves to
briefest dispatches about
the conference so far.
And well they might. The
Russian reserve is under
Standable enough in view of
the decision of the Kremlin
to resume nuclear testing in
the near future. The an
nouncement was obviously
timed to coincide with the
opening of this conference.
Its effect has been to spread
shock, confusion and dismay
among the neutral delega-
tions. all of whom are on
record as opposing nuclear
tests.
Evening star., 1961-09-01
Hole for Traffic

The trolley tunnel at 14th
and independence uld
serve admirably as an in
terim measure to alleviate
traffic tie-ups caused by the
traffic light at E street and
14th. If the tunnel were
opened at the Potomac end,
Washington-b und cars
could travel through it under
E street and out Independ-
ence. This would allow E
street traffic to flow almost
continually and 14th street
traffic to egress at Independ-
ence.
The trolleys are being re-
placed by buses and these
would probably not have to
use the tunnel.
p r purVnc
Evening star., 1961-09-01
Prince Edward RuIino

The crux of the decision
in the Prince Edward Coun-
ty school case is found in
the fact that the private
school. attended by children
of white citizens, was fl
nanced by tuition grants and
tax credits from public funds.
Because no such schools
were available for children of
colored citizens and also be-
cause no public education
was available, these tax
credits and tuition grants
are invalid in that county.
1t is a matter of record
that the colored people of
Prince Edward, tutored by
the NAACP, rejected these
grants and tax credits which
by law are available to all
regardless of race. The court
turned its back on both of
these facts, established be-
yond question, and found
that the factual rejection of
public assistance to operate
schools constituted evidence
that no freedom of choice
existed in fact. 1t seems that
colored citizens of Prince
Edward County have a con-
siderable choice. They can re-
ject tuition grants for them
selves and at the same time,
invalidate them for others.
The very simple fact that the
law operates without dis
elimination but grants equal
education to white and col
ored children is not impor-
tant if the ear of the court
does not hear. 1t is a strange
precedent that one of the
litigants to an action could so
arrange a factual situation
as to create a rule Of law
binding on all parties. It is
also ridiculous.
Virginia Pierce
4 y
The recent ruling by Judge
Lewis in the Prince Edward
School case did not strike
down tuition grants or tax
credits for the support of
private education nor pre-
sumably private segregated
education nor did it at
tempt to force the govern
ing body of Prince Ed
ward to appropriate funds
for public education. 1t only
invalidated them in a county
which elected no public policy
on education and also util-
lied grants and credits.
Presumably both tax cred
its and tuition grants are
legal and are in themselves
acceptable but not when used
by a county which does not
accept the principle of public
education which the court
feels is mandatory even in
face of popular opposition as
expressed by legislative in
action. The court did not
announce this exactly that
way but held that two rights
add up to a wrong and that,
although it cannot do some
thing by direction, it can by
indirection. There unfortun-
ately is a trend in the FEEDER
al judiciary. a trend in the
wrong direction.
But more Importantly this
is a case of substituting the
law of convenience and coer-
cion for the law of the land
and is a further patent in
vasion of both private rights
and rights of States, counties
and municipalities to govern
themselves as guaranteed by
the separation of powers doc
trine. Owen Allen Keen.
Evening star., 1961-09-01
Concurs and Cheers

Three cheers for your ex-
cellent editorial August %
concerning our "two-faced"
friend Nehru!
Robert H. White.
Evening star., 1961-06-07

ill-timed moment Of his broth
er's arrival. The latter roars an
epithet from offstage and
storms on to shout, you! You
stole an automobile and parked
it in my driveway"
%& &#&
Ell GRECO DANCES-Ad-
mirers Of the art of Jose Greco,
who must be legion at the very
least, are the ones the Shore
ham Hotel is counting right
now. Sr. Greco and company
have been imported to launch
the new season at the Shore
ham Terrace and they will be
on hand through the remainder
of this week.
If you have seen the Greco
dancers only on more conven-
tional stages this will be a new
experience. The supper club
intimacy (and the farthest
reach of the Shoreham Terrace
is more intimate than Consti-
tuition Ha1D makes you feel
almost like a participant in the
pulSating proceedings. And this
is exciting entertainment to
find virtually in your lap.
The dancers in the Greco
troupe are vastly talented,
colorfully costumed and range
Spiirtedly through a variety of
dances with a Latin flavor.
There's a stirring bolero, done
by Greco, Lola De Ronda, Car
men Mora, Curro Rodriguez,
Jose Molina and Enrique Ru-
ben. There's that rouSing set
of Basque dances, bursting with
vitality and performed emerge
tically by Felix Granados, Paco
Doniz, Enrique Ruben, Paco
Fernandez and Juan-M Mari
Astigarraga. There is that
popular light comedy number
about the courtship in the park,
with Norma as the duenna and
Jose Molina and LuiSa Fabiola
Evening star., 1961-06-07
THE PASSING SHOW
oH-B'woyono ostreet;
J. Greco on Terrace
By HARRY MACARTHUR
Star Staff Writer

France has no monopoly in avant playwrgh as
visit TO the washington Theater Club will quickly demonstrate
1t domestic being the clubs
street playhouse to launch session ofBroadway
type tneater His name is Lonny Chapman play is
Cry OF the Raindrop work that William Saroyan is re-
Evening star., 1961-06-07
Group To Stage
Dark of Moon

A drama about mountain
witchcraft, Robinson and Ber-
ney's Dark of the Moon" will
be staged Saturday and Sunday
and June Is and II by the
Capitol Hill Players. Perform
ances. at $3.50 pm, will be in
the garden at Friendship
House, Sixth and D streets
NV.
Charles Bruch directs a cast
headed by Dixie Lee Gilbert
and Ray Hager. The outdoor
stage, designed by Roger Finch,
features movable platforms and
special lighting effects. Produc-
er for the play is Georg e
Minor.
Evening star., 1961-06-07
WHERE
AND WHEN
Current Theater Attractions
And Times of Showing

Stage
National Theater-"A Raisin
in the Sum; 2::30 and $3.50 pm,
Screen
Ambassador - THE Absent
minded Professor" 1885, $40,
5:45, 7:45 and 9:40 pm.
Apex-"Flesh and the Devil"
1, 2:40, 4:2O, 6:10, 8 and $50
pm.
CapitOl-"Two Loves; 1880
am, lis, 2:55. 4:4O, 6:25,
8:10 and 9:55 pm.
DupOnt-'Never on Sunday"
1, 2:5O, 4:40, $50, S:25 and
10:15 pm.
Keith's THE Young Saw
ages" 1880 am, 1875, 3:40
5:45. 1850 and $50 pm.
Macarthur "TWo-Way
Stretch" $3.50, sos, 9:55 pm
Metr0politan-"The Absent
minded Professor" 1880 am,
1880. 3:35. $40, TAO, 9:45 pm
Ontario - Saturday Night
Evening star., 1961-06-07

and Sunday Morning." los
2:50. 4:35, $40, sos, $3.50 pm.
Palace - Return to Peyton
Place." II am, 1:1o, $40, $50,
7:40 and $50 pm.
Playhouse "Mein Kampf; :"
11:45 am. las, 3:45, 5:45,
7:45 and 9:45 pm.
Plaza Love and the
Frenchwoman";; II, 2:25, 4:40,
6:55 and $40 pm.
Town - "On the Double;
IL, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 p.m.
Trans-Lux =" And the Wild
Wild Women" IL am, 1890,
2:05, $40, Sis, $50, 500 and
9:55 pm.
Uptown Exodus; 2 and
8 pm.
Warner 90 "Spartacus";; 1:3C
and 8:15 pm.
Evening star., 1961-06-07
Films of More Than Routine Merit

"THE ALAMO-ROutne account famed battle saved
by good acting and first-rate color photography
THE APARTMENT"-Billy Wilder's Oscar-wnnng Joke
about seduction; Shirley MacLane and Jack Lennon
"GIANT"-GeOrge Stevens picorialy fine film of Edna
Ferbers novel about Texas crude oil milIiOnaires.
GONE WITH THE WIND"-The monumental one that long
exhausted the supply of critical superIatives
INHERIT THE WIND"-Spencer Tracy Fredrc March
duel dramatically at the Scopes monkey trial
PEPE"-Dreary Hollywood adventure except Cantn-
flas around, which, happily, is most Of the time
THE SUNDOWNERS"-DebOrah Kerr and Robert Mitchuln
find life dramatic in Australia's "Outback" country
THE VIRGIN SPRING"-One of Ingmar Bergman's dra-
matte slices Of life overly explicit but effective.
Evening star., 1961-06-07

as her two frolicsome charges.
There are a number of other
things in the familiar Greco
style, too, including ample OPP
portunity for the boss to show
who really is boss in these fla
menco and related endeavors.
All in all it's as beguiling a
show as ever graced the Shore
ham Terrace.