davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-03-19

ABOUT american COIlegeS was SO
great that prospective students,
unable to obtain guidance, used
college reference material in the
United States Information Service
Library. They then wrote directly
to the colleges seeking admission.
Some were helped to obtain
scholarship offers through the
African-American Institute. But
many arrived without adequate
means Of support. Applicants for
the airlift were selected not so
much on the basis Of qualifica-
tions as on the theory that those
who had the least need should
receive the most funds because
they probably had worked hardest
for the opportunity.
The AirIift ResourcefuIness
Although it may be argued that
these hit-or-miss procedures are
not likely to locate the right stu
dent in the right college, the
initiative. resourcefulnesS and
drive which the students showed
in getting here on the airlift are
the very qualities that not only
help to keep them afloat while
in the United States but also will
be those needed to cope with
problems in their native countries
on their return.
Nevertheless. critics Of the air.
lift point out that this rather in
discriminate method Of selection
OF both student and college runs
the risk that many students will
not be properly placed. Quite a
few colleges. they point out, ad-
NIT foreign students who are Ell
ther not adequately qualified for,
nor will find their needs fulfilled
by, many courses of study. In
addition, there is the danger that
too many African students coming
to American universities will seri-
Ously reduce the number of quail
ity students needed for the devel-
opment of local universities.
Another and more careful Sc
lection process aimed at bringing
quality African students to this
country has been established
through the cooperation of the
Nigerian government and a group
of leading American universities
under the direction of Harvard
Director of Admissions David D.
Henry. Under this pilot program
% Nigerian students, chosen in
the field by a joint committee of
Nigerian educators and American
university representatives, are now
studying here on four-year under
graduate scholarships provided by
such institutions as Harvard,
Yale, Princeton, University of
Minnesota, Stanford, as we'll as
women's colleges like Bryn Mawr
and Smith, on the basis of one
student per college.
This approach of trying to place
the right student in the college
and curriculum best suited to his
requirements is now being ex-
panded to enable up to 200 men
and women from a large number
Of both English and possibly
French-speaking African coun-
tries to enter next fall and in the
three succeeding years IS Amer
lean universities including a few
Negro colleges like Howard Uni
versity. Students will come from
Nigeria, Kenya, Tanganyika, N.Y.
ashland, Southern and possibly
Northern Rhodesia, Ghana. the
Congo and former French areas.
The universities are offering free
scholarships while the Interna-
tional Cooperation Administra-
ton will provide maintenance
funds. The African-American In
stitute will administer the pro-
gram in the field through a
Evening star., 1961-03-19

that the foreign aid program is
way Of meeting the Communist
challange, and the Communist
promises.
1t could be done the other way
around. 1t could be that the
United States has forced the Com
munists to contribute part Of their
resources to the general improve
ment Of mankind; to make good
on at least some of their PROM
iSes.
Evening star., 1961-03-19

the disarmament discussions would
be resumed with the same 10
nation commission that failed after
the U-2 incident last May. or with
a new and larger commission.
Evening star., 1961-03-19
THE FOREIGN SCENE

that most or all Of them will be
taken up. Thus the session may
we'll last into the latter part OF
next month, delegates predict.
Evening star., 1961-03-19
THERE'S ONLY so MUCH GOLD -.
What Foreign Aid Has Cost

their cronies, leaving little for the
people.
4. The United States under
wrote for. all practical purposes
the French wars in Indo-China
and Algeria.
Undoubtedly there are some
truths in all these charges, but
they do not affect the United
States basic motivation.
To Former Dictotors
The United States has been
lavish in its aid to former enemies
and to dictators.
Germany has received over 81
billion in economic aid and 1926
million for the creation Of an
armed force. Italy has been
granted $3.4 billion in economic
aid and 81 billion in military as
siStance.
Japan has received $25 billion
in economic aid and $767 million
in military assistance. Austria,
now demilitarized, has been given
$1.2 billion in economic aid.
The dictators Of the Western
world have not Jared badly either.
Spain has received 81 billion in
economic aid and $410 million for
her military. Portugal has received
$685. million in economic assist
ance and over five times that
much military aid.
Cuba was given SAL million In
economic assistance, $11 million
worth of arms. While the Do
minican Republic got only $2.7
million in economic aid, she re-
ceived $6.3 million in military aid.
Formosa received $1.S billion in
economic aid and SIG billion in
arms and money to maintain her
100000 man armed force.
Saudi Arabia was granted SAL
million in economic aid. Pakistan
got $12 billion.
Both Saudi Arabia and Pakistan
have received substantial military
aid. but just how much is classi-
fled as secret. Presumably the
United States does not want to
offend the Saudi Arabians' enemy,
Israel. while mention Of arms aid
to Pakistan would be offensive to
India.
Reports Of Corruption
There have been repeated re-
ports of corruption among Off
cials in Korea, Laos and Wet Nam.
France has received $5.1 billion
in economic aid. $42 billion in
military aid. This is just about
what France spent on the wars in
Indo- China and Algeria.
And so 1t goes. The United
States has even given money to
Communist nations. Poland and
Yugoslavia together have received
50 billion in economic aid. Yugo-
slavia also received $700 million In
military assistance.
This is the way the aid breaks
down:
The European nations have re-
ceived $41.4 billion; Far Eastern
nations, $1S billion; the Near
Eastern and South Asia nations,
$l2.8 billion; the nations Of Latin
America, SAL billion; the African
nations, $500 million. All Of these
sums have been rounded off.
The world has never seen such
an outpouring Of treasure in times
Of theoretical peace. Unless the
free world nations join the United
States in a future effort, the world
may never see the like again.
Evening star., 1961-12-19

~ In the dressiest of all cottons,
w with the luxurious silk.like
finish imported 2x2 Pima cotton!
These are the "crown Jewels" of our
shirt presentation! They feature fine
sinele.needle tailoring, always-neat
perma stay collars and French cuffs. In
sized II to II, 81 to IS sleeves.
Evening star., 1961-12-19
$O.97

COMPARABLE VALUE S6.95
. Choose from combed cotton
~" broadcloths, $50 Dacron and
359o cotton . and they're all wash
n wear! They feature the always-neat
perma stay collars and barrel cuffs.
In sizes IA to IL, with sleeve lengths of
81 to IS .. all in sparkling white.
Evening star., 1961-12-19

In fabric, workmanship and quality, these $2.97
shirts compare to nationally advertised brands
selling for $500; the 1897 shirts compare with
brands selling at S6.9S; and the $4.97 shirts are
comparable to S8.95 brands-OR YOUR
MONEY WILL BE CHEERFULLY RE-
FUNDED! See this most outstanding assort.
ment. you'll like what you see!
COMPARABLE VALUE $500
\ TAPERED BODY SHIRTS:
Ne snap-tab or Ivy Button.downs
in white, stripes and colors. Sanforized
combed Oxford cloth, latest barrel cuffs.
"BELFAST" wash n wear cottons. In
white only; regular slotted collar of
broadcloth or button.down Oxford
cloth; barrel cuffs all in sizes II to IL.
Evening star., 1961-06-04

documents, the rooms of stored furni-
ture. and largely discarded parapher-
malta, are fire hazards. What was not
nearly so obvious, and what Mr.. Bow
now has called attention to, are the
glaringly deficient or non existent
alarm systems, the miles of potentially
dangerous electrical wiring and the
absence Of even so basic a protection
as fire-doorS. In short, the most beloved
and probably most valued building in
the Nation is fire trap. After an
inspection the other day, key members
OF the House and Senate ordered an
immediate assessment of needs to bring
things right
There should be no dawdling about
this. Capitol Architect ]. George
Stewart, whose prime responsibility
this is, should see to it that a fire.
proofng program is laid out quickly
and fully, and the money should be
provided so that the improvements can
get under way no later than this
summer, when members Of Congress
will not be underfoot.
Evening star., 1961-06-04
IntoIerobIe' Threat

Secretary of Labor Goldberg is quite
right IN saying, as he did to a man
agement-labor luncheon audience in
Detroit recently, that it would be Gin
tolerable" to have a big auto strike
this summer. Nothing more surely
would interrupt, If not cripple, the
economic recovery that now seems fully
under way. The automobile industry
not only is giant employer and
producer, it is also a giant consumer
OF componentS from such other kew
industries as steel, glass and rubber.
A, shutdown of the Detroit assembly
lines, If such should develop out of the
contract negotiations due to begin this
month, would have direct and damaging
impact on these other industries.
It is not necessarily enough, how
ever, for these facts to be recognized
even though Mr.. Goldberg's warning
Is a timely one. The auto union, in
the words Of one of its officials, has
been 'in ferment" for something new
when its current three-year contracts
with the big companies expire on
August 81. UAW President Walter
Reuther has succeeded in Sidetracking
one demanding slogan Of "30-4O-6O or
fight" 30 hours work for
40 hours pay and retirement at go
yearS--but he and his associates have
been given wide authority to set the
contract objectiveS. They have not yet
been made public.
Troubling labor, and it should be
a matter Of concern to management
also, is the problem Of Job instability in
an industry that has wide fluctuations
in activity. Troubling management,
and this should be matter of concern
to labor, is the problem Of cost controls
in an industry where always-high
competition has been stepped up
further by imports of foreign cars. In
this setting, increased automation and
chronological improvements promise
some relief on costs but heighten
labor's fears about job protection. Mr..
Goldberg has referred to both industry
and labor as knowledgeable and re-
SponSible. They will need to employ
both qualifications to the fullest in the
forthcoming egotiations-and the Sec
retary has indicated that the admin
istration is not prepared to face an
"intolerable" strike as price for
keeping itself entirely on the Sidelines.
Evening star., 1961-06-04

What with the sinking into
one-way pockets Of $25 mil
lion to finance a comic opera
Cuban invasion, the squeeze
play between Justice and In
ternal Revenue to deprive
Dupont stockholders of their
property and confiscate the
proceeds, and the ridiculous
action Of Bobbysox Kennedy's
department in investigating
American Tel. and Tel. at
the instance Of a labor un-
ion, Is it any wonder that
many erstwhile Democratic
voters are at the point of
revolving?
Also, how much has been
spent in Federal funds to
finance the so-called freedom
riders trouble-making trek to
the South and what was the
presidential assistant doing
in Montgomery during the
trouble?
1t is quite apparent that
we have created q national
political machine with all the
bad features of Tammany
Hall and the Curley machine
without any Of the good.
L0tta NepOtism.
Evening star., 1961-06-04
Fire Trap

Responsibilities on Capitol Hill are
SO divided that there probably is no
point in trying to discover why nothing
was done long ago to fireproof the
historic United States Capitol. The
important thing is that at last, before
some disaster has occurred, Represent
ative Bow of Ohio has alerted the
Congress to shocking situation, which
finally appears to be on the way toward
corrections
Anyone who has wandered through
the attic and basement rooms Of the
Capitol does not need to be told that
the stacks upon stacks of yellowing
Evening star., 1961-06-04
so Years AGO

Temperance leaders lost
one Of their champions so
years ago when Carrie Ma
ton, terror Of saloon-keep-
ers and their clients, died
at 64 in Leavenworth, Kan
SaS. The Star of June 10,
1911, recalled: MRS. Nation
attracted special attention
here in December, 1909. when
she made a spectacular raid
upon the Union Station bar.
Armed with her favorite
weapon. a hatchet, she made
q bee-line for the barroom.
She rushed behind the bar
and in an instant was busy
with the array Of bottles and
decanters, all filled with
choice liquors to tickle the
palates of the bibulous. To
the officer who arrested her
for destroying private prop
erty, she said: Tt isn't priv
ate property. It's the property
Of the devil and belongs in
hell On her first visit here
in 1908, she demolished the
fixtures Of another down.
town bar. At the police sta
ton, when asked her occu-
patton. she replied: I am q
servant Of the Lord Un-
impressed, the sergeant wrote
down servant. Mrs. Ma
ton was arrested more than
20 times for wrecking sa-
looms. A good deal Of her
income was derived from the
sale Of her souvenir hatch
cts
Evening star., 1961-06-04
Is Years AGO

Franklin Roosevelt's New
Deal, which was called socia-
listic and worse by its con-
servative critics, was too tame
for the real socialists IS years
ago. The Star said on May a.,
1895, that the Socialist Party
was sending out Norman
Thomas, its presidential nom
inee, and a fleet of red sound
trucks to bring the Nation
up to date on the aims Of
socialism. One was a change
in the Constitution to give
the Federal Government the
right to acquire and operate
basic industries. Said the SEQ
iahsts: 1.-THE New Deal, like
the Old Deal, has failed. 80"
Evening star., 1961-06-04
Anti-Crime Bills

While the Washington crime hear
ingS served generally salutary purpose,
there is little new or surprising in the
three anti-crime bills. which the House
District Committee has approved.
On the first of the three-a bill
authorizing the strength Of the police
force to be raised to 5000 men-there
long has been broad agreement. Before
any substantial number of additional
policemen can be hired, of course,
revenues would have to be found to
pay them. But IL real inroads can be
made on the crime problem by more
officers, then more must be hired.
!, AS to the two bills proposing to
clarity the Mallory and the Durham
court decisions, we believe the more
proper forum for the consideration of
these matters is the House Judiciary
Committee. The Judiciary Committee
has been working with the Mallory
legislation for the last four years, and
twice within that period the House has
passed corrective legislation, under
which police would be given a reason
able opportunity to question suspects
in criminal cases before arraignment.
Fortunately, Judiciary subcommittee
once again has approved such legisla-
ton, and the full committee is expected
to follow suit soon. We hope that the
entrance Of the District Committee
into this area serves to supplement,
and not in any way to confuse, the
work Of the Judiciary Committee.
Evening star., 1961-06-04
Some Custoffs!

Win or lose, there is a spirit of
infectious enthusiasm about the new
washington Senators baseball team. the
likes OF which have not been seen by
anyone in our town for many years.
and which never has been seen at all
by younger fans.
But the wonderful thing, of course,
is that the club is winning games, not
in the manner of some of the flashy
streakS OF the past, but with a steadi-
ness-no matter what happens from
now on-that already has made mon
keys OF those experts around the league
VINO were saying eight weeks ago that
Washington just might be lucky enough
to exc out 40 wins over the season. Well,
the pace Of victory thus far is more than
twice as great as that. The Senators
are winning at least as many games
as they are losing and, in the process.
are in the rarified and heady (for
Washington Stratosphere of the first
division.
What is responsible for this de-
Hghtful situation? Perhaps lions
share Of the credit belongs to the new
management, for its selection and han
ding Of the players. It may be that
the rest of the league has been weak
ened, more than it suspected, by the
expansion. Then again there may be,
among our castoffs, young and old,
"we'll-show-'em" attitude that has
caught fire. Whatever the cause, will
to win has infected the team and, with
1t, much Of the entire community.
And (hand us that wood to knock
on, please) how we hope it continues!
Evening star., 1961-06-04
100 Years Ago

The Civil War was in the
Skirmishing stage. a century
ago, drawing but a trickle
of blood compared with the
torrents that flowed later.
Some Of the shooting was
almost within ear range Of
the Capital. On June /, 1861,
The Star revealed Co. B,
U. S. Dragons, had been
fired upon by Confederate
troops while accommodating
before dawn that day near
Fairfax Court House. Some
so blue-clad horsemen
charged up and down the
villages main street after be-
ing shot at. On the second
dash. the cavalry was met
by two rebel detachments
with a field piece. The drag
oons were credited with kill
ing 81 men and taking 5
prisoners. Two Federal troop
ers were reported killed and
two missing. On June 6,
1861, The Star summed up:
=" The disunion troops
engaged in the affair firmly
believed themselves a match
for five times their number of
U. s. troops, and having the
advantage Of fighting from
behind walls and fences,
against cavalry only, they
lost 10 for every one they
killed. :" From May 20
to June /, 1861, Union war
ships dueled with Confeder-
ate batteries at Aqua Greek,
Va, but this, too, was a pre-
liminary bout. With the war
Just getting underway, SEN
ator Stephen A. Douglas, Of
Illinois, who had fought with
all the words at his COM
mand to preserve the Union,
left the scene. The Star re-
ported his death at Chicago
on June 8, 1861. "A New
York newspaperman, George
Wilkes, proved to be a man
of great vision when he was
quoted in The Star Of June
5, 1861, as saying: South
ern troops are said to have
resolved upon testing Yam
kee pluck at the point Of the
bayonet, and the contest
promises to be unparalleled
in desperation. Some impor-
tance has been attributed to
the fact that Southern men,
as a general thing, are better
marksmen than the soldiers
of the North, and that they
Evening star., 1961-06-04

will consequently possess a
great advantage (But)
in battle, few special shots
are made, and the coming
struggle is not destined to be
a contest of mere markmans-
ship. j.. There will be
some strange fighting, In
which possibly even butting
and wrestling and throttling
may form q part; the result
will be q heap Of slain and
flying remnants, each Of
whom will probably render
his verdict: Those fellows
are not gentlemenl >" AS
for the weapons that would
take such a terrible toll, The
Star Of June Z, 1851 quoted
a correspondent of the
Springfield Republican who
had toured the Watervleit
Arsenal, West Troy, N. z:
Sixty thousand cart
ridge balls are made daily;
most are intended for the
MIME rifle, but large num-
bers of the old-fashioned
round ball cartridges are also
manufactured. The rapidity
with which a cartridge is
made is wonderful. A boy
sits at a counter with a CYL
indrical stick-a pile Of
creased balls and one Of pre-
pared paper before him: a
simple roll Of the paper and
stick, q jerk and twist at
one end. a twist Of string,
and the cartridge is ready
for filling -. They are
then taken into another
room, placed. open end UP in
shallow boxes, and a man.
by means Of a simple instru-
ment, fills them with an equal
and specific amount of pow
der, at the rate Of 80 a
minute. Il. In another de-
partment, grape canister and
strapped ammunition are in
preparation, while huge cart
loads of bombshellS and
spherical shot are hourly ar
irving from neighboring
foundrieS. The grape shot
Evening star., 1961-06-04

world offers bread and free
dom! However, if the Spe-
cious offer of communism Is
the only choice in sight not
m a ny soldiers" in the
steaming jungles of Asia will
refuse the bread even If
slavery is the price.
The word must resound
around the werld in thunder
Gus tones to the hungry, a
hundred times more audible
than heretofore: with food
the Yanks are coming! And
we are coming not only with
food but with the know-how
to raise your own crops In
freedom for you and your
children"
The channel appropriately
named CARE gives every
person who yearns to answer
the cry Of the hungry q
glorious, specific chance to
share. CARE is the incarna-
ton Of American altruism.
What it has done, and is do
ing, is a miracle of practical
religion in action. CARE is
American arms full Of the
things other people lack.
Has anything yet gone
from your plenty to assuage
the penury Of those whose
suffering is enough to rob
our affluent society Of the
sleep Of the just? CARE
knows not that this is being
written. This is not propa-
ganda; it is just telling you
how you, personally, can put
food into empty hands and
empty stomachs. Your phone
book will tell you where this
Good Samaritan agency in
your city waits to hasten your
gift to where it will bring 10y
and relief and gratitude.
Here is the acid test Of our
religion. When one thinks Of
all the angry disputes among
Christians across the ages as
to what is the correct in.
depreciation of this and that,
in the realm of theology and
doctrine, it is astounding to
find what Christ'S own test
Is. He pictured the great
day" when the books of reck-
oning would be opened and
the verdict announced re-
garding the judgment Of
every life. But in that pic
ture He draws we see no
ponderouS volumes o. cate
chiSms and creedS, with the
question, What did you do
with these?" In that great
aSsize there were those sur
prised that their record war
ranted the well done" of the
, Master. Why do we deserve
1t. they ask; when did we
serve Thee? And they heard
Him say: ''Ye fed the hungry
and ministered to the sick,
and when ye did it unto one
Of the least Of these ye did
1t unto me. It was I who was
hungry, and you gave me
food"
To be sure, that is not all
there is to religion, but 1t is
the first thing and the last.
Unless the hungry are fed it
is Of little use talking to them
about anything else, even Of
the vast difference between
freedom and bondage.
Evening star., 1961-06-04
H0mIet's Castle

The HaSkinS Service re-
sponded to a question con-
cerning the location Of the
scene Of action in Shake
speare's Hamlet" The
answer was that. 'Kronberg
Castle near Elsinore, Dem
mark. is said to have been
Hamlet's castle"
The answer serves to per-
petuate a fiction for which
there is no basis in history
or legend. Presumably, the
Questioner was aware that
Shakespeare gave Elsinore as
the site Of the plays action.
If this presumption Is cor
rect. the Questioner must
have sought to know the
actual location Of Hamlet's
CASTLE" as distinguished
from the fictional location.
Kronberg castle, cited in
the Haskins' answer, was
built in 1891, if the inscrip-
ton carved in stone over the
castles main entrance is be-
lieved. Shakespeare had died
years before that, in 1916.
According to the common
ly accepted view, the plot on
which Shakespeare based his
play is first told in ''Historial
Danica" Of Saxo Grammati-
Gus. Saxo was a Danish
chronicler, who wrote in the
twelfth century.
Hamlet, according to Saxo,
was the grandson of Gorven-
dill, governor Of Jutland.
Horvendill, Hamlet's father,
was one Of two sons who
succeeded Gorvendill. Ham
let's mother, Geurtha, mar
ried his uncle Feng, after
Gorvendill's death. In Saxo's
history" Hamlet Is called
Amleth.
That Kronberg was not
Hamlet'S castle may be
ELECTED from the more
knowledgeable guards there,
if one takes the trouble to
question them.
Leon ]. Steck