davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-09-23
Sponsor Defies
Boycott Threat
Over TV Shows

CHICAGO, Sept. % (AP) -
Bell & Howell Co. announced
last night that threats to boy
colt it's products because it
sponsored a television docu-
mentary dealing with racial
segregation will not force a
change in its hands-off policy
regarding program content.
The documentary, Walk in
My Shoes" was televised Tues
day night over the American
Broadcasting Co. network. The
show, part of a company
sponsored series called "Close-
up," touched off a storm Of
protest in louisiana.
A pro-segregation citizens
council official demanded equal
time on ABC to present the
South's side" A county sheriff
in Louisiana said the program
could produce conditions
which could bring bloodshed. ="
A statement issued in Chi
cago by Bell & Howell. and
signed by Peter G. Peterson,
the firms president, said in
part:
zone of our objectives in
sponsoring documentary tele-
vision is to engage the atten-
tion of the American public
on some of the serious issues
that confront America and the
world. Inevitably, any discus
sion of these issues will be
controversial because these
problems are deep and complex
and thinking men will often
not agree"
Evening star., 1961-09-23
The u. N. and Self Determination

case more than 2 million in
habitants of a country had
determined that it would be
to their advantage to remain
autonomous while agreeing
to be loosely federated with
the rest of the Congo. Surely,
it was no more the job of the
U. N. forces to interfere in
a dispute between elements
of what could be described as
a geographic entity than it
would have been their job
to force Northern Ireland to
join the Fire Republic against
the will of its people.
The entire history of the
U. MS intervention in the
Congo is not exactly pretty.
Instead of remaining strictly
neutral, as it did in the GAIA
Strip. it took sides political
ly." The "blue helmets" were
fully entitled to use firearms
in self f-defense while doing a
police job. But they went in
to Katanga, which had de-
clared itself autonomous, to
subject those free people to
rule of the Leopoldville gov
ernment. The u. N. command
has inferentially admitted
this had to be done because
the Congolese army was not
capable of subduing the Ka-
tanga forces by itself.
Thus the much vaunted
impartiality of the U. MS
intervention was subjected,
at least in much of Western
Europe, to great doubts. Ever
since its emergence as a paci-
flying element in the Congo,
the political attitude of the
its representatives on the
spot offered ample grounds
to suspect they we're playing
favorites. After the death of
the pro-Soviet Lumumba,
the military elements belong
ing to the Afro-Asian bloc
were withdrawn. But that
does not change essentially
the favoritism to Lumumba's
successors by the U. N. peace
administrators"
The February 81 resolution
cannot be interpreted to mean
that the U. N. forces would
be used to suppress the will
of self determination of any
portion of the Congolese.
Evening star., 1961-09-23
BY the Associated Press

Russia's resumption of nu-
clear tests after a 3-year halt
has given the Soviets their
worst propaganda setback since
Red tanks crushed the 1856
Hungarian revolt, the United
States Information Agency re-
ports.
The Russians went testing in
the atmosphere yesterday, fir
ing their 18th explosion since
September /.
While the new tests have
directed worldwide criticism at
the Kremlin, there has been no
balancing rise in pro-American
sentiment abroad. ASians and
Near Fasteners said, in effect,
"a plague on both your houses.
This assessment of interna-
tional feelings was issued yes
terday by the USIA following
study of overseas press and
radio commentaries.
Difference in Tests
The United States reopened
its tests soon after the Russians.
But unlike the Soviet Union,
the United States triggered its
explosions underground so as
not to contaminate the air with
fallout.
Evening star., 1961-09-23
orphonoge Children
Have Picnic Today

More than 500 under
privileged children from area
orphanages and agencies are
to be entertained at a picnic
today sponsored by the Civil
Service Commission and vari-
Gus branches of the Armed
Services.
The event is scheduled to
start at LAS pm. at the Pierce
Mill area of Rock Greek Park
Entertainment will include pre-
cision drills by The Old Guard
of Fort Myer. a Navy display
van, Indian dancers from the
Department of the Interior, a
fire engine, pony rides, clowns,
and the Department of Agricul-
lures Smokey the Bear"
Evening star., 1961-09-23
Meat Packing Firm,
Union Reach Accord

CHICAGO, Sept. % (AP).-
Wilson g. Co. and the United
Packinghouse Food and Allied
Workers Union have agreed on
terms of a three-year contract
covering 5000 hourly workers
in seven plants.
Terms Of the pact, agreed
on yesterday after several weeks
OF negotiations, provide for a
19 cent an hour wage. increase
over the three-year period. The
parties also agreed to pursue
studies dealing with a proposed
guaranteed annual wage plan.
The agreement is similar to
settlements reached by the
union last week with Swift g.
Co., largest of the Nations
meat packing firms, and with
Armour g. Co.
Evening star., 1961-09-23
Grew Didn't Help,
Passengers Soy

DENVER, Sept. % (AP).-
Passengers aboard a United
Air Lines DC-8 which crash
landed and burned July II told
a Civil Aeronautics Board
hearing yesterday they had no
help from the planes crew in
trying to escape.
Several witnesses added that
fire-fighting crews were tardy
in reaching the burning wreck
age on a runway at Stapleton
Airfield.
The plane, with lis passen-
gers aboard, veered off a rum
way and crashed into the
abutment of another runway
under construction. The crafts
pilot had reported shortly be-
fore landing that the hydraulic
system was faulty.
Eighteen persons perished in
the crash and fire. Among
them was the driver Of a truck
which was overrun by the ca
reening airliner.
Evening star., 1961-09-23

Cislunar space will be a major
traffic route starting in the
early 197Os, and by 1973-75 we
will be able to launch the first
in interplanetary manned
flights"
Richard E. HOrner, senior
vice president of Northrop
Corp. and former Associate
Space Administrator: From
1870 to 1875 we will be consoli-
dating our position and explor-
ing the moon to find out what
it is, where it came from, what
it can be used for. Maybe the
moon will be a good space
laboratory, but maybe it will
turn out easier to put one up
500 miles away than to use
the one that's already there
but 100000 miles away"
A. r. Hibbs, space science
chief, Jet Propulsion Labora-
tory: Il don't believe we will
yet be able to get men onto
the planets, but manned fly
bys of Mars and Venus will
certainly be a possibility. On
the moon a thorough program
of exploration will be under
way, and we will have estab-
lished a permanent base. AS
far as potential military value
of the moon is concerned, ]
don't think there is any"
George p. Sutton of Rocket
dyne. former president, Ameri-
can Rocket Society and former
director, Advanced Research
Projects Agency, Department
of Defense: I'VE should have
both a moon base and an Or
bital space station by the mid
1970s. I wouldn't think of the
space station as a staging base
to the moon, but as a place to
jump off for the planets. From
earth to the moon, we should
go directly"
N. /. Norman, director OF
advanced military systems,
RCA Defense Electronics Prod
ucts Division: II believe the
backbone of space exploration
is going to be carried out by
instruments, not by men. We
will have instruments by then
with the requisite lifetimes-we
almost have them today. On
earth it is very difficult to send
a ship out to sea for more
than two or three months
After that men go stir-crazy.
Cooping1 one or two or three
men up for a year or so in a
tiny cabin in space is awful to
contemplate"
Tomorrow: A Summing Up.)
Evening star., 1961-09-23
9th Suit Filed
In Price Fixing
By the Associated Press

The Government yesterday
filed its eighth damage suit to
recover money from electrical
manufacturers convicted in the
Philadelphia price fixing con-
Spiracy cases.
Attorney General Kennedy
announced that the suit was
filed in United States District
Court in Philadelphia against
nine firms which he said make
substantially all insulators pro-
duced in the United States.
Mr.. Kennedy said the amount
of damages claimed was not
specified in the suit because
the Justice Department is still
analyzing Government purchase
of insulators during the time of
the conspiracy.
Named as defendants were
General Electric Co., Lapp In
sulator Co., LITE Circuit
Breaker Co., A. B. Chance Co.,
McGraw-Edison Co., H. K.
Porter Co., Ohio Brass Co.,
Porcelain Insulator Corp. and
Joslyn Manufacturing & Sup
ply Co.
Evening star., 1961-09-23
Kennedy Symbol
Held Ineffective

BIRMINGHAM, Ala, Sept.
% (AP).-Former Republican
National Chairman Leonard
Hall said last night he has no
doubt President Kennedy would
back up his words "but some
how or other, the commies
have got the idea he is weak. :"
He told about 300 Alabam-
ianS at a G. o. P. Embarrassing
dinner that the Presidents
words are eloquent, "but he has
nothing to follow them up"
The Communists listened
when former President Eisen-
hover spoke, he added, "he had
more than just words, people
knew he meant what he said" !"
I. Lee Potter, who accom-
panied Mr.. Hall, told the group
of Republican gains in the
South. And he said he expects
victories in special elections in
Shreveport, Charleston and San
Antonio.
Evening star., 1961-09-23
Retreat, Parade
To Honor IADB

A retreat parade honoring
the Inter-American Defense
Board will be started at 4 pm.
tomorrow on the Washington
Monument Grounds. The 1st
Battle Group, 3rd Infantry
(The Old Guard and the
United States Army Band will
participate in the review.
Honor guests will include 1t.
Gen. Robert w. Burns, USAF,
chairman of the Inter Amer
ican Defense Board; Rear Ad-
miral Guillermo Haywood, Navy
of Paraguay; Maj. Gen. Harvey
H. Fischer, USA, and 1t. Col.
Edward N. Fogler, Inter-Amer-
ican Defense Board.
Evening star., 1961-09-23
Family Escapes
In 4-FIoor Leap

BERLIN, Sept. % (AP).-A
family of three East Berliners
made a daring escape by Jump
ing from a fourth-story window
today.
West Berlin police had been
warned of the faInily's plan,
and firemen were ready with a
safety net when the three
leaped from the window of an
apartment house on the border
at Bernauerstrasse.
A Communist policeman fired
one shot as the family jumped.
West Berlin police tossed three
tear gas grenades, and the
Communist policeman did not
shoot again.
Evening star., 1961-09-23

ana WIN against IL.
Earlier, the organization
formally adopted a policy
statement urging Mr.. Kennedy
to declare a national alert"
to spur Americans in an un-
ending campaign ito rid man
kind of communism.
AerOspace Power
President Kennedy said that,
in the Is years since AFA's in
ception as citizens organiza-
ton dedicated to support of
military aviation, air power has
become aerospace power.
He noted that while the fe-
rocity of modern weapons has
multiplied, hnology has
shrunk the world.
Thus we face, in the short
run and the long, a wide range
of military and diplomatic
challenges by a strong and de-
termined adversary" the Presi-
dent asserted.
"MuSt Respond"
1--WE must be prepared to re-
spond to these challenges
across a wide spectrum of mill
Evening star., 1961-09-23

ROME, Italy-That the
United Nations military op-
Grafton in Katanga is not the
sort of thing to be expected
from a peace-protecting or
ganiZation is being largely
overshadowed by days of con-
fusing reports on its success
and by the Hammarskjold
tragedy.
On the morning after the
U. N. takeover effort was
launched against the rebel
lious Congo province I took
my usual walk around the
corner from our apartment to
pick up the daily papers be-
fore breakfast. The young
man behind the bookshop
counter held up a paper,
pointed to the story and its
headline and exclaimed "Che
brutto. "Brutto" is trans
lated by the dictionary as
dirty. nasty, ugly" He then
launched into an angry TRADE
difficult for me to follow.
But I got the idea.
The United Nations forces
were ordered to the Congo af-
ter the so-called armies of
the now departed Patrice
Lumumba had committed un-
Speakable acts of horror in
discriminatory against the
whites and the natives in
their country. The U. N. job
was to restore law and order
and speed up the departure
of the Belgian troops and ad-
ministrators.
The richest and more or
derly portion Of the Congo is
Katanga province. To sur
vive, the new republic needed
Katanga's resources. But Ka-
tanga Leader Noise Tshombe
would have nothing to do
with the Leopoldville govern
ment which he described as
"savages."
After Lumumba's aSsaSSi-
nation, Tshombe was willing
to Cooperate with Leopold
vile on condition that Katan-
ga remain autonomous. He in
sisted on only a loose connec-
ton with the rest of the
Evening star., 1961-09-23

seven companies to the COM
panis to the Presidents letter
of Sept. 6 to a dozen leading
manufacturers. The other five
United States Steel, Bethle-
hem, Jones and Laughlin, Re-
public and Colorado Fuel and
Iron-previously responded.
In effect, steel executives who
offered any comment suggested
Government policies were more
of an inflationary factor than
industry policies. They also
cited economic pressureS for
a raise in prices.
M. A. Cudlip, president of
Steel Corp, made
no comment. He simply said
he had received the Presidents
letter.
The seven replies made public
yesterday came from Wheeling,
Evening star., 1961-09-23

Armco, Inland, Kaiser, Youngs-
town Sheet and Tube, National
and McLouth.
In most cases, the steel ex-
ecutives told the President they
also are concerned with the
danger of initiation, but said
profit margins are slim and
that a case could be made for
even higher prices.
w. A. Steele, president of
Wheeling, said steel prices have
risen less by percentages than
have other prices over the last
10 years.
Logan T. Johnston of Armco
said his company is reconsider
ing a $341 million improvement
program because of a diminish
ing profit level.
Evening star., 1961-09-23
Military Action Against Kotongo
Viewed as Violation of Charter
CONSTANTINE BROWN

VII ~ MIMI SSA
Congo because he knew that
the Leopoldville leaders" in
tended to dig deeply into the
PROVINCES wealth at the ex-
penSe of the Katangans. Also
he had been advised by the
Belgians and others interest
ed in Katanga's riches to re-
main adamant. Hence, the
outcry that Tshombe was a
tool Of the "colonialists."
He proceeded to organize a
fairly competent army COM
manded by white officers.
Some of the Congolese are
good fighters when properly
led. The native officers in
the rest of the Congo were
privates and non-comS who
became senior officers after
the BelgianS departed. They
were incapable of organizing
a force or maintaining disci-
pIine.
Tshombe's white officers
BelgianS, French and South
Africans-built the Congo's
best army within a year. Be-
fore deciding to take over
Katanga for the benefit of
the Leopoldville government
the U. N. command under
took to arrest and deport
scores of the white officers.
But apparently it did not
catch all in its dragnet.
Last February 81 the Sc
curity Council gave a man
date to the U. N. forces to
establish law and order but
not to intervene in the power
struggle between the Congo
leSe provinces and ito use
force if necessary in the last
resort to prevent civil war"
But it is difficult to recon-
cile this directive with inter-
vention by the blue he'll
NETS" in a political quarrel
between two portions of the
vast heterogeneous state.
There was no threat of civil
war since the Leopoldville
forces did not dare cross into
Katanga.
The u. N. Charter admits
without doubt the principle
of Self-determination. In this
Evening star., 1961-09-23
Networks Agree
To Improve Programs

NEW YORK, Sept. % (AP).-
The Nations three major tele-
vision networks have responded
favorably to the proposal by
Newton W. Minow, Federal
Communications Commission
chairman, that they improve
children's programs on a share
the-risk basis.
In a speech yesterday to
broadcasters, Mr.. Minow urged
that NBC, ABC and CHS rotate
a regularly scheduled afternoon
show for children, with each
network presenting the program
twice a week.
Evening star., 1961-09-23

tary capability, taking full ad-
vantage of the flexibility and
effectiveness of modern weap-
onry to deter aggression but
also, if necessary, to fight and
win against it.
I'm this great effort our Air
Force will, as it has in the past,
play a vital role.
This is the basis of our mill
tary doctrine in a difficult
decade and I welcome the con-
tinued support of the Air Force
Association in the strengthen
ing of the forces required to
achieve it,"
Evening star., 1961-09-23

clined any comment on the
matter.
The Government took steps
Yesterday to protect the public's
health from potential radiation
hazards, natural and man.
made. Through the White
House, the Federal Radiation
Council issued a set of recon-
mended control actions based
on the degree of seriousness
which might develop IN radia-
ton exposure.
A council member said the
recommendations were raade
from studies started about a
year ago, before the Russians
resumed testing.
The general protective meas
ures recommended cover a
graded scale of action" of sue
cessive precautionary steps ac-
cording to the extent of ex-
poSure to radiation.
Actions would range from
monitoring. surveillance and
control, with little in
reference in a given areas
usual activities, up to those
(which involve a major disrup-
ton, such as condemnation of
food supplies"
Sent to Agencies
The recommendations went
out to all agencies working with
radiation measurement and
protection.
In its study of world opinion,
the information agency found
that "the Soviet resumption of
nuclear testing has produced
a worldwide reaction more
strongly anti-Soviet than any
event since the repression of
the Hungarian rebellion in
1856" Overseas critics pro-
tested both the dangers to
world peace and health, USIA,
said.
In the West, Russia was al
most uniformally attacked in
editorial comment. In Com
China the Russian tests
were praised as "a powerful in
spiration to all the peoples
for world peace" ~
Other Reactions
In other areas of the world,
the USIA found these reac-
tions:
Near East and South Asia
Although the plague on both
your houses theme has been
played generally, no evidence
appeared in either the Pakistani
or Indian press to indicate
any acceptance of (Soviet
Premier) Khrushchev's expla-
nation for the resumption of
testing. THE Arab national
press used strong language in
its criticism of the Soviet
Union" .a
Africa Although all Afri-
can areas were shocked at the
Soviet test resumption, their
comments have been re-
strained"
Far East-"Japanese media,
expressing the most outspoken
concern in the Far East, were
most critical of the Soviet
Union. =. In Thailand, Tai
wan (Formosa), South Korea,
South Wet Nam and the Phil
ippines, the Soviet Union was
strongly denounced"
Latin America-"The Latin
American press seemed more
aroused by the menace of ra-
dioactive fallout than the
prospects of nuclear war. Less
concerned about choosing sides
than by the immediate conse-
quences of the breach of the
nuclear cement, Latin
American editorials agreed in
the Soviet test re-
sumption and saw it as polit-
ical blackmail."
Evening star., 1961-09-23
Steel Firms Refuse
To Pledge Price Curb

HYANNIS PORT, Mass, Sept. % (AP).-Major United
States steel producers have given President Kennedy unan
mo- his request for pledge hold the steel price line
They didn't they would boost prices but most disputed
his contention that they could absorb coming increase in
wage payments and still record ample profits.
The Cape White yesterday released replies of
Evening star., 1961-09-23

AAOOAA WAL AAOG NC O4AC CAlA VI
motion by President Kennedy
last May Is. 1t will be only the
beginning. 1t will be the start
of the first truly infinite ex-
ploration ever undertaken by
this country.
Once the size and shape of
the earth had been determined
with accuracy by EratostheneS
about 2,300 years ago it became
inevitable that all the lands of
the globe would some day be
explored. Even the water areas,
huge as they might be, were
also finite in extent and sub
ject to thorough exploration.
Man has explored the land, he
has the means to explore the
seas within his grasp and he
already is poking toward the
center of the earth.
The job that lies ahead in
space. by contrast, can never
be completed. AS far as the eye
can see, there are stars; as far
as telescopes can probe there
are galaxies as big as our own
Milky Way and probably teem-
ing with life, just as our own
galaxy probably is.
Venus, Mars Next
We now possess the ability
to send men into orbit around
the earth; the Russians have
demonstrated that ability twice
and we will demonstrate it in
the next few months. In a few
years we will have the ability
to send men to the moon, and
later to the nearby planets,
Venus and Mars. We know in
theory, but not yet in practice,
how to venture out as far as
Jupiter, the giant of the solar
system a alf-billion miles
away.
That is about the extent of
our space know-how today. We
are unable to predict when or
how we will be able to go
farther into the near space"
of our own solar system, let
alone to other stars. Natural
laws seem to stand in the way
of very extensive exploration.
Still, it is risky to predict
either what can be done or
what cannot be done over a
long haul. 1--WE. have always
overestimated what we can do
in two years and underesti-
mated what we can do in TO-"
is a byword of the space
business.
The Star asked some of the
Nations outstanding space and
rocket authorities to assume a
successful lunar landing by
Americans in 1869 and then to
go on from there are predict
what the United States will be
doing in space from 1870 to
1875. Here is a Sampling of
what they see:
Donald Douglas, jr., presi-
dent, Douglas Aircraft Co.: II
believe we will have a moon
base, and will be making longer
trips into space. Mars and
Venus orbits are about as easy
as landings on the moon, if
not easier. Once we and the
Russians get to the moon we
are going to see an ICY pro-
gram up there that will make
the last one here on earth in
1957-58 seem pretty small by
comparison"
Military Space Systems
James r. Dempsey, president,
General Dynamics Astronau-
tics: We'll explore the moon,
of course, and we'll establish
a lunar base for astronomical
observations-and also for OBJ
servation of the earth. Well
Evening star., 1961-09-23
Operation Moon
A Look Ahead: Space Experts
Predict 1o7O-75 Activities
BY WILLIAM HINES
Star Science Writer
CHAPTER ID

An imaginary but hopefully typical and successful
trip to the in 1869 has just been recounted in these
articles The trip ended with the returned pilot asking his
superior officer Where do we go from here?"
Well he might ask The first manned landing the
moon will not be the of the program in accelerated
Evening star., 1961-09-23
Kennedy Says Modern
Weoponry Is Necessity

PHILADELPHIA Sept. % (AP).-Presdent Kennedy says
the United States must be prepared to take full advantage of
"the flexbiy and effectiveness Of modern weaponry"
Mr.. Kennedy told the Air Force Association, in letter
read at its annual banquet last night that this must be done
not only deter aggression but also to fight