davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Illinois times. (Champaign, Ill.) 19??-19??, 1961-12-13
SAYS SUMMER
TEACHING NOT
PENSION HELP

SPRINGFIELD CUPID - The
attorney general has held that
summer school teaching m a y
not be considered as creditable
service I o r teacher retirement
purposes.
Atty. Gen. William G.. Clark
said the state school code pro-
vides that no more than one
year of service shall be credited
for retirement in any one cal
endar year, and that one year
constitutes the regular legal
school year"
The opinion was in reply to a
Qery from Aubrey ]. Holmes.
secretary Of the Teachers Re-
drement System.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-02-26
JUNIOR
EXECUTIVE
OPPORTUNITY

We wish to contact 0 high.
who has sales executive Adj.
tty, for one Of the largest
ana oldest companies in its
field: must be Q resident OF
the Washington area for at
least 3 years, preferably col.
lege graduate and married.
Starting monthly income up
to $500. Write fully, Civ.
Ing personnel data and bust.
ness background. A personal
interview will be arranEed.
Box 1kl.a, Star.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-02-26

SEld ar "a ;us e: 22-izi ssoII:g.
son blvd. Arl., IA. $4,000.
TL00R NHTNTENANcE MN 90
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-02-26

CONTINUED % Next R9S0)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-02-26
SALES

Prominent national oorporatioD
with offices In most major cities.
We. are interested In . man, with
sales or professional background
10 administer hieh.level business
Drogram.
Age rs TO 4e. Car necessary for
limited travel Nd. and W..
Income first year 10 $500.
Guarantee plus commission.
Call 10. 7-7soO for appointment.
SALES, no travel: ear Heceesafy5
some expeT. pref. Good salary.
Bethesda location. Reply briefly,
Box BOOM. star.
CONTINUED % NeRt RegS)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-02-26
WLIIIUP
nth and = ets. NV
COMPO SITOR

Experienced man TO take charge Of
composing room makeup, oper
shop: air conditioned plant. com.
pany benefits: ideal working con.
ditions. Write, giving full partie.
ularS, phone number. Replies con.
tidential. Box 1T, Star.
CONSTRUCTION 6UPgRlNTEND.
Exper.. with local references. SAL
airy open. Call A. r Becker. MER-
81. e.7Sis. SCI. s.4:So pm. Ar''
cS ~ cPISNN APP G I,aO .Sa.
oughly experienced, capable Of
estimating and supervising Iemod-
cling work, to operate o coins
concern. One who has small con-
struction business at this time
acceptable. Reply Boz 26.T, Star.
state background and Gualifiea-
ti0nS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-02-26
NELR MRH

LANDGCAPE SUPERvTeOR, no
9hcppess Inc. TO gupervise main.
Eenance OF all lAndseapin9- II
Washinstsn area shoppss: geel
expertenees meals furnished: . 8.
gay week. Call Mr.. BOWEN, OIL
0-27OO, Ext. SOL. Monday o:3(
LITE NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. %,
siticn recurring college graduatI
having ability TO dictate exeellen
business letters and 3 knoWledgl
q life Insurance. gained througl
LIE home office or branch officl
non-seles experience. We are
line fast-groWing company ant
nave . wonderful 0mpioye beuefi
MeaYs, UNITED SERVICES LIP
SUI sHit.fs1 os isaSso y. c q nv. slds
ILIoUOR sALEslKAN, white, ioca
references, experience not neces
eary: willing to learn. Phone CO
b.344bs after ESQ am. Mr.
MACHINIsT for End ShifE. ISE elias
with Job shop exper. OF. $500
for appointment.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-02-26
NELR MEM
ECONOMTCs

Research assistant, Junior positiOU
with consulting firm. Experience
or degree IN economics, mathe'
MATES ! q statistics; .,I send re! e.
Box 6e-e, star.
ELECTRONICS TRAHNEE - FoI
mass spectrometer. chemistry de-
partment, 0eorgetoWn Univ. sue.
SsIi nave XII eharaS ss a nv IN.
strunnsntS which makes chemical
analyses. AD. 2-4A31.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-02-26
MEN WANTED

Pun or part time, 81 to 20 years Of
age; must have auto: neat appear.
anee and be well spoken. Excellen,
earnings. No sAlesmen need apply
See MR.. JACKSON at the Marriott
Motel, 14th st. Bridge, at 10 m,
Pm. or 2 Pm. Mon. only. M
phone calls.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-02-26
OPENINGS
AT SEARS

OPPORTUNITY
with MUTUAL OF OMAHA. Thor
ough training program, with sal.
ary, commission and bonuses,
Elve-figure income potential.
Write, giving full details 70 lO2
Ring BLDG. Washington 8, D. c.,
O. call n. $4,000.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-02-26
lPf RsocSdslRsiAMMER. SIR.

b Math/stat., 2-iO Yrs. expef,
proS,,aTa| n,I . sS'mputsr ! systems,
sian ana output ' s1pef. desired,
Posses Fam and detailed Enos |.
Univac. 10 $4,000. Pee paid,
Phone RE 7.A764. q. 0ORalAN
& ASSOCIATES. $40 shorehsm
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-02-26
CREDIT
MAN

Well-eStab lished, rap
idly growing company
has q vacancy for am
bilious young man
with 2 years unit
credit experiences in
q good finance COM
pany or bank. Experi-@
ence or on 1.-THE Job
training in evaluating
collateral and loan
approval is particu-
larry helpful, some
college desirable.
We offer q permanent
career opportunity,
truly out standing
fringe benefits, and
the chance to grow
with the company.
Write, giving educa-
ton, experience, adj
dress. phone and age
to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-02-26

PRBgsz9AN TO run i2BOW; eniy
man with at least s yfs. scior
eexSgss; galAry epsn. Reply Bon
1z0.T, star.
Evening star., 1961-04-30

unusual, sessions with Britain's
Prime Minister Macmillan. The
communlnue issued after the ses-
sionS was, as usual, uncom-
municaCive. The talks we're Of
great value, and the two leaders
found a wide area of agreement.
But in fact. they also found areas
of disagreement for the time
being, the details to be worked out
and the disagreements too when
the President has completed his
international briefings.
His next major visitor, and a
very important one, was Chancel-
lor Adenauer of the German Fed
eral Republic. Here, perhaps. the
areas of disagreement may have
been even larger, but again the
final resolution of them remained
for the future.
Next month Qate in May Mr..
Kennedy is going to Paris, to sit
down with the redoubtable Charles
de Gaulle, a man whose great
stature in world affairs has been
magnified by his stern and swift
triumph over the insurrectionistS
in Algeria last week.
Evening star., 1961-04-30

his predecessor had predicted a
surplus Of SIS billion.
The President, sensitive to past
Republican charges of budget
busting" and reckless spending"
asserted that any unbalancing of
his $84.2 billion budget could not
be attributed to non-defense items
in his financial plan. He cited
overstated revenues and under
estimated expenditures by Mr..
Eisenhower.
In setting forth his philosophy
of the budget. the President said
that it was his belief that the
budget should be balanced over
the course of the business cycle,
running a deficit during recession
years and a surplus during pros
porous years.
The President split the budget
this year. as far as presentation
was concerned. The military por-
tion was sent to Congress on
March %.
The military budget and the
Presidents accompanying state
ment indicated some important
new emphases.
Q First, 1t buried the idea Of
massive retaliation" as a catchall
strategy for the deterrence Of both
all-out and limited wars.
. Second, 1t called for increased
emphasis on building more modern
conventional forces so that we
would not necessarily be COM
mitted to the immediate use Of
nuclear weapons even If subjected
to non-nuclear attack.
Q Third, it underscored the re-
solve Of building a protected, in
vulnerable retaliatory force-one
which could survive a surprise
nuclear assault and go on to
destroy the enemy. For example,
10 new Polaris submarines were
added to the program, at a cost Of
$l.3 billion.
The military budget message
was important, too, for what Mr..
Kennedy cut out and reduced in
the present defense effort. Despite
severe pressure, he eliminated the
unsuccessful atomic airplane pro-
gram; he cut down sharply the
BIO superbomber program from
IL warplanes to four prototypes;
he declined to permit a start on
production of the Nike-Zeus anti
missile missile.
Evening star., 1961-04-30

In foreign affairs, Mr.. Ken
nedy's first hundred days" have
not been very kind to him. Yet he
has managed to accomplish some
thing that any President would
consider a significant triumph in
the precariouS field of foreign
affairs:
He has, despite setbacks Of
major proportions. achieved a
strong bipartisan unity backing
his course in the challenging seas
of the cold war.
None of the immediate problems
besetting Mr.. Kennedy are new
ones. All, basically, were inherited
by the new President the moment
he took the oath Of office on the
steps of the Capitol. But several
of them have been inflamed and
intensified, demanding decisions
and actions Immediately lest they
get out of hand, or are lost in
larger problems.
AS expected, Mr.. Kennedy on
taking office showed by his ac-
tions that he was going to be his
own Foreign Minister insofar as
the crucial decisions were con-
cerned. This is the pattern as set
forth in the Constitution and by
precedent: The President conducts
United States relations with the
rest Of the nations of the world;
the Secretary of State and other
officers of cabinet and sub-cab-
met rank function as advisers and
counselors.
Thus far in his administration,
Mr.. Kennedy has had to come to
grips with glohal challenges that
come perilously close to the peace
or war" tight-rope no President
likes to walk. The situations in
Cuba and in Laos, for example,
could easily involve the commit
ment Of United States armed
forces In at least "brushfire" wars;
either could also involve the ulti-
mate Battle Of the Titans-the
United States and the Soviet
Union - which the whole world
breads.
Here Is a sketch Of what the
new President has done since
moving into the White House last
January 20:
CUBA
There existed, when Mr.. Ken
nedy took office, a well-advanced
Evening star., 1961-04-30
The Phrase

The phrase "one hundred
days" has in American politics
a connotation which has moth
ing to do with its grim origin.
The Hundred Days Of his
tory was the period between
March 20 and June %, 1915, the
interval of time between Ma
poleon Bonaparte's entry into
Paris after his escape from Elba
and his departure after abdi-
eating. The most momentous
event of the period was the
crucial defeat at Waterloo on
June 18.
In the language of politics,
however, the phrase goes back
to the first 100 days of the
Franklin D. Roosevelt admins
tration, when the New Deal pro-
gram was being enacted into law
in an unparalleled rush of legis-
lative activity and the Nation
was being aroused to face a
great economic emergency.
Evening star., 1961-04-30

Of time, except under special cir
cunStanceS.
He has preferred to meet with
the cabinet members directly con-
cerned with a specific problem or
problems. In the first 100 days he
has met with the full cabinet only
three times.
On the important matter Of
freedom of information the Ken
nedy approach-and its imple-
mentation by his aides-has pro-
duced some doubts, some sus-
picions and a few harsh criticisms.
The President, himself, has met
the press frequently. So have
many of his cabinet members. In
addition. he has proclaimed that
he would promote the freest pos
sible flow Of information within
the bounds of national security
considerations.
Press Complaints Heard
At the same time, reporters at
the Pentagon have said and have
written the lid is on" that many
officials who once would grant
interviews and provide back
ground information no longer ARE
available" The Pentagon, which
spends more than half the total
annual budget Of more than $50
billion, is obviously q place Of
great interest to the public and
a source Of much news.
A committee Of the American
Society of Newspaper Editors
complained to the administration
on the freedom of information
question. The administration
answer, via White House Press
Secretary Pierre Salinger.
amounted to a challenge to cite
chapter and verse on instances
of suppression or overclassifica-
tion Of data.
This matter has not been settled
and one corollary question has to
do with the responsibility of the
press in the milieu Of the cold
war.
Evening star., 1961-04-30
Kennedys 100 Days: A Yardstick for the Long Hau

"I am not promising action in
the first 100 days alone. am
promising you 1000 days Of ex-
acting presidential leadership"
The pledge was John F. Ken
nedy's. 1t was made in New York
two days before he was elected
the Nations 35th President by one
of the narrowest margins in his
tory.
Yesterday. he completed 100
days in office. What has Mr..
Kennedy and his New Frontier ac-
complished?
Evening star., 1961-04-30
Legislative

Mr.. Kennedy. the youngest man
ever elected President and the
first Roman Catholic Chief Execu-
tive, won office by a mere 10000
votes out of more than SO million
cast. His Republican opponent,
Mr.. Nixon, actually carried more
States than he-26 to %. He
ran behind 331 Democratic House
and Senate candidates.
In addition, the Republicans
picked up 81 seats in the House,
thereby strengthening the already
powerful G. o. P. Southern Demo-
cratic coalition of conservatives.
, So, despite the cold statistics
of heavy Democratic majorities in
both the House, 261 to 172, and
Senate, 65 to 35, it was apparent
from the beginning that the
President would have difficulty
with his legislative program, par
ticularly those parts of it which
could be listed in welfare" cate
CORY.
Even before he was sworn in,
Mr.. Kennedy and his forces were
engaged in battles in each House
designed to clip the wings of the
conservatives. In the House. the
fight was over enlarging the Rules
Committee; in the Senate, it was
to allow mere majority present
to limit debate-to block a fill
buster.
Rules Committee Fight
After a bitter fight, in which
the President played an active
role, the House by the razor-thin
margin of 217 to 212 voted on
January 81 to enlarge the Rules
Committee from IL to IS members.
In the Senate. an outright de-
feat was averted when a motion
to send the debate limiting rule
change to committee was carried,
so to 46. Presumably, the matter
will be taken up again later in
the session.
Both these votes indicated that
on controversial measures in this
session every vote would count.
But, as the session heightened,
the President seemed to have de-
veloped a knack for winning the
close ones. There was the House
vote on his feed grains measure,
carried 209 to 202, and the de-
pressed areas conference report
which, with Republican help,
passed 223 to 1893.
Mr.. Kennedy lost one close one
and it was most important one.
His minimum wage bill ($1.25 an
hour was defeated in the House
by a single vote, 1876 to 1876. A
Republican-Southern Democratic
measure ($1,15 then carried with
votes to spare.
Even here, the fight is not over.
Evening star., 1961-04-30
Budget

On March "a, MIR. Kennedy sent
a revised Federal budget to Con-
gress. He forecast a deficit Of
$1.8 billion for fiscal 1862 where
Evening star., 1961-04-30
THE CONGO

President Kennedy has, for the
most part, left the turmoil of the
former Belgian Congo up to the
United Nations. He has author
lied and encouraged the shipment
Of surplus foodstuffs and fibers.
providing United States aircraft to
do the transporting. And he has
pressed, as much as he could, the
idea Of a meeting of the minds"
in the embattled Congo that might
result in workable federation Of
the quarreling political factions.
Deity and tactfully. Mr.. Ken
nedy has urged that the BelgianS,
the former colonial power. with
draw their personnel and their
heavy influence from the Congo.
But even here he has worked with
in the framework Of the United
Nations. careful not to antagonize
unnecessarily the Brussels govern
ment and equally careful to reas-
sure the new nations of Africa that
Evening star., 1961-04-30
THE SUMMIT

John F. Kennedy has claimed
no merit as a mountain climber.
Indeed. he has made it very clear
that the only reason for achiev-
ing a summit is the reasonably
assured prospect Of discovering
something there when the ascent
is accomplished.
But an eventual meeting be-
tween heads-of of-State both East
and West is more-or-less taken for
granted by almost everyone, and
Mr.. Kennedy, since his inaugura-
ton. has been looking to his prep
arations.
AS a first step, he took pains
to explore the International field
with his predecessor, Mr.. Eisen-
hover, and his aides. Since then,
he has begun a series of confer
ences with statesmen of the West,
with particular emphasis on the
leaders of the Big Three"
Mr.. Kennedy has had long, even
Evening star., 1961-04-30

plan for an invasion Of Fidel Cas-
tro's Cuba by Cuban exiles. 1t was
apparently conceived and put into
the works almost year ago under
the aegis of the Central Intelli-
gence Agency, and involved the
equipping, training, financing and
transporting of Cuban refugees
who were ready and anxious to
fight to overthrow Fidel Castro.
Mr.. Kennedy deliberated long
and earnestly whether to continue
this project. In the end, after
much advice and counsel, he de-
cided to let the. filibustering ex-
pedition proceed. but without the
support of American troops or
planes.
The result is melancholy history
the invasion" was made. and
was thrown either back into the
sea or into CaStro'S prisons within
70 hours. At this writing the
United States is being roundly
condemned almost everywhere in
the world, either for the act of
backing the expedition itself or
for the reluctance to back it with
sufficient force to give it chance
to succeed.
But the President reacted swiftly
to the debacle and its aftermath.
In just a few days he had OBJ
tained the public support Of for
mer Presidents Eisenhower and
Truman; he had disarmed the
potential opposition within the
Nation, and by all the signs has
broad popular backing for any
course he might choose to pursue
in Cuba.
LAOS
Making the best Of bad situa-
ton in Laos, where the pro-Com-
munist Pathet Lao, supplied and
equipped If not led by the Soviet
Union. North Wet Nam, and
Communist China, was steadily
advancing on the United States
and SEATO backed Vientiane
government of Prince Boun Gum,
he accepted the Souvanna Pho
una proposal Of neutral Laos.
Although the British did the
negotiating for the West with
Moscow, Mr.. Kennedy stayed close
to the situation at every turn. The
prospects are today that this week
will see an actual cease-fire in
Laos, followed by a 14-nation
conference at Geneva that will set
up a neutralist Laos under the
guidance of the revived Interna-
tional Control Commission con-
sisting of India, Poland and
Canada.
The achievement of peace in
Laos can hardly be called a VIC
tory for the United States. In the
previous administration, every
effort was made to prevent neu-
tralism in that Southeast Asian
kingdom. But the march of events
was inexorable, and the Kennedy
choice was to accept neutralism
and a coalition regime at Wen
tiane, including the Communists,
or see Laos go the way of the
hammer -and-sickle entirely.
Evening star., 1961-04-30
the United States sought no "neo-
colonialism" in the Congo.

the United States sought no "neo-
colonialism" in the Congo.
ALGERIA
When President Kennedy was a
Senator, he declared on the Sen
ate floor his belief that the people
of Algeria should have the right to
determine their own future. At
the time. the United States was
"pussyfooting," politically speak
ing, on the Algerian issue which
France insisted was a purely do
mestic matter of no concern to the
international organization.
A week ago yesterday, when
four inSurgent generals of the
French Army used paratroopers
to seize essential installations in
Algiers, Oran and Constantine,
declared a rebellion against the
Paris government, and threatened
hourly to invade France itself with
tough Foreign Legionnaires, quiet
instructions went to American
Ambassador James C. Gavin from
the State Department.
No one outside the Elysee Pal
ace knows what Gen. Gavin said
to President de Gaulle. But no
one doubts that the message did
a certain something to strengthen
the hand of the constable of
France.
To Mr.. Kennedy, and to the
whole Western alliance. an early
settlement of the Algerian struggle
would be almost the very best
thing that could happen for the
NATO powers Conversely, any
coup d'etat by the extreme right
wing in Algeria and France would
give the West problems of the
first magnitude. problems rem
iniscent of the worst days of the
laundering League of Nations be-
fore World War II.
Evening star., 1961-04-30
NATO

Dirk Striker, former Foreign
Minister of the Netherlands, has
been named secretary general of
the North Atlantic Treaty ALI
ance. His selection broke lengthy
deadlock, precipitated by Gen. de
Gaulle, over a successor to Paul
Henri Spaak, Belgian statesman
who resigned to devote himself
once again to his countrys trou-
bled political affairs.
Dean Acheson, former Secre-
tary of State under President
Truman, has been a very busy
special ambassador for Mr.. Ken
nedy on the affairs Of NATO. He
has a number of important rec
concentrations to make. But they
will in all probability not be
spelled out until after Mr.. Ken
nedy and Gen. de Gaulle have
slipped a Pernod together in the
Elysee.
That NATO will undergo change
no one doubts. The whole con-
cept and mission Of the alliance
have changed since 1949. most
particularly since the achievement
of the long-range missile and the
significant shift in the East-West
balance of power.
But the President is committed
to a strengthened NATO, and his
talks with Gen. de Gaulle are ex-
pected to produce just that. There
will be difficulties in assigning nu-
clear weapons and responsibilities.
But these are not expected to in
terfere with successful reorganiza-
ton.
Evening star., 1961-04-30
NUCLEAR TESTS

When the recessed talks on a
ban on nuclear testing were re-
sumed in Geneva last month, Mr..
Kennedy's emissarieS had their
orders, clearcut and precise. Con-
Cessions were made to Soviet
positions as previously set forth,
but it was made plain that there
was to be no indefinite stalling.
Thus far the Soviet delegation
has preferred stalling. There has
been apparently change of heart
in the earlier Russian sentiment
for a suspension on testing. Much
of it, but not all, seems to stem
from the Moscow decision, first
manifested at the U. N. last. Sep
tember, to reject majority" rule
that was, by definition, certain to
go against the Soviet position.
At the moment the Geneva con-,
ference is begged down again on
the issue Of the vote. The Soviet
Union demands a triumvirate di-
rection of the control commission
which would supervise any test
ban. This would mean, Of course,
that any one of the three Zone
Communist, one Western, and one
neutraD could veto any action.
The United States and Britain
have stated their complete rejec--
ton of a veto.
Evening star., 1961-11-27
Steel Union Asks Firms
To Help End Job Bios

z PITTS SBURG III, Nov. 81
zap ).-The United Steelwork-
ers of America announced to-
day it is asking some 1900
companies to join in an all-out
effort to stamp out the evils
of discrimination in employ
ment wherever it may exist"
A letter signed by union
President David j. Mcdonald
already has been sent to the
II basic steel firms which COM
prise the Steel Industry Co
ordinating Committee and to
the larger aluminium and can
manufacturing companies un-
der contract with the union.
. Mr.. Mcdonald said the pro-
posal for joint action was made
because the union feels that
further steps should be taken
to implement President Ken
nedy's executive order eStab-
fishing the Committee on Equal
Opportunity. This committee is
charged with ending discrim-
inatory employment practices
against minority groups.
The proposal to the COM
panies includes two suggested
steps:
J l. Signing by the firms and