davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-07-02

bound believe, affect the thinking of all our people
and to affect it for the better.
This New Natonalism is not to be confused with
Fourth of July patriotism" 1t certainly not the boast
full chauvinism often charged Americans Patriotism
is fine and positive force if it inspires you to win by
being better But be negative, vicious and destruc
tive if it makes SNUG. lazy arrogant complacent.
Ihe New Nationalism must be something more than
Il patriotism 1t rests on awakening to the hard
facts of life = facts measured in such terms gold
movements balance of trade, world prices atomic nven
tons and in the United Nations. Against this
background, the central themes competence and
competition good, headsup, old-fashioned competi-
ton, where the rewards and reconitions based
excellence effort ability and inner discipline 1t requires
the creative best of every individual if to
claim leading the world And in particular, both
management and labor face the hard fact that
in danger of pricing ourselves out of the world markets
and that in of world commerce world affairs
take our leadership for granted.
For leadership perpetual right, leadership must
be earned and reearned day after day. This Americas
challenge = and the race is on
Evening star., 1961-07-02

THIS WEEK Mooo.ins I July 2. 1851
Evening star., 1961-02-07

about how international communism
continues to resort to subversion and
indirect aggression-in places like Laos,
the Congo and Cuba-to win 'domina-
ton Of the entire globe. All this is
nonsense, according to the Soviet edi-
torialiStS, and Mr.. Kennedy is doing
harm to the cause Of peaceful CO.
existence" Ia thing that the free world
can have at once II 1t will merely sur
render to the Kremlin's terms) by giving
voice to his views on the need for Amer
ican strength and to such other ideas as
the hope that the captive lands behind
the Iron Curtain will eventually regain
their independence.
Actually, Of course, the Khrushchev
government probably is not surprised
that President Kennedy has taken the
line he has. After all, it is a line in
keeping with the essence of American
foreign policy as practiced since the
beginning Of our Republic. Accordingly,
the Soviet attack on it indicates a
deliberate trouble-making maneuver
that helps explain why Secretary Of
State Rusk has just warned that there
are serious days ahead, and hard,
fateful work, in our relations with
the enigmatic and altogether furtive
Kremlin.
Evening star., 1961-02-07
Preserve the Scenery

The concern OF park and planning
authorizes over the effect Of the Dulles
Airport sewer project on the natural
scenery along the Potomac River is
justified. Much earth moving on both
sides Of the river-and some tunneling
will be involved in carrying the big
interceptor line down the river to Chain
Bridge. A segment of the sewer will
invade the old Chesapeake & Ohio Canal,
now designated as national monument.
Moreover, when the sewer is COM
pleted, pressures are sure to develop for
connections to serve proposed new sub
divisions along the river. Unless prop
erly controlled, these construction
projects could destroy the beauty Of the
Landscape on the upper stretches Of the
river. The controls will have to be ex-
ercised by Fairfax and Loudoun
Counties, through adequate zoning
restrictions.
AS for the construction of the
sewer itself, every effort should be made
to preserve as much of the natural en-
vironment as possible. And, as far as is
practicable, the canal and other park
areas should be restored to their ortgi-
nal appearance-even though it may
cost more money to do this.
Evening star., 1961-02-07
Cloud Over Guantanamo

AS OF now the threat raised to Guam
tanamo'S water supply by Fidel Castro
Is hardly bigger than mans hand. It
may grow, however, and 1t could assume
q substantial nuisance value while also
raising a serious prestige" question.
Guantanamo gets its fresh water
from the YateraS River under con-
tract with the Yateras Water Company,
whose pumping station is about four
miles from the base. Although it has
taken over the company's facilities, the
Cuban Government has not as yet cut
on the flow Of water. But Of course it
could and may do so at any time.
Whether Castro will do this de-
pends, we suppose, upon his estimate
Of the hardship which such action
would impose on us and the propa-
ganda BENEFITS which might accrue to
him. Our officials say that tankers
hauling water in from Florida can meet
the requirements Of the base-at cost
to the American taxpayers Of about 81
million year. II this Is correct, a
Castro version Of the Berlin blockade"
could not be effective In the sense Of
forcing us out Of Guantanamo. It might
nave great effect, however, in its impact
on public sentiment in Latin America.
American prestige" about which so
much was heard during the recent po-
ntical campaign, can hardly fail to
suffer If the Cuban dictator embarkS
on this venture is permitted to
get away with It. ~,
Evening star., 1961-02-07
Brief Coll to Duty

When President Eisenhower ap-
pointed him District Commissioner last
1uly-to succeed the late David B.
Karrick-Mark Sullivan realized that
he might not be confirmed. His ap-
pointment had been announced the day
after the Democratic convention nomi-
mated Mr.. Kennedy, and q Democratic
Senate decided to freeze Eisenhower
appointments made toward the end Of
his Administration. The District Com
missionership, never regarded as a par
ticularly juicy political plum, was no
exception to the rule. So Mr.. Sullivan
served under recess appointment and
his term automatically ends when
Walter N. Tobriner is confirmed and
sworn in.
Mr.. Sullivan is not politician. He
did not seek the job the President asked
him to fill and accepted his appoint
ment from sense Of duty. In the brief
period Of his service he has demon
strated the ability that would have
marked him as an excellent Commits
sioner. He leaves the District Building,
we are sure, with no hard feelings; he
knows more about his city than he did
when he became Commissioner and has
won the respect Of more people than
knew him when he was sworn in. On
balance, his taste of public life has been
all to the good.
Evening star., 1961-02-07
ToLons Left and Riaht

The Soviet presS-including note
ably Pravda, Izvestia and a magazine
called Life Abroad-now appears to have
abandoned its tolerant, honeymooning
attitude toward President John F. Ken
nedy. At any rate, after having COM
mented in more or less friendly and
cautiously laudatory terms on his in
augural and state-of-the-U Union ad-
dresses, this glum editorial chorus
suddenly has begun to attack him
acidulously for not being enthusiastic
about the Kremlin's formula for peace
full coexistence"
What the Soviet editors, as bought
and-Sold agents Of Nikita KhruShchev's
dictatorship, seem to have found partic-
ularly displeasing is the following pas
sage from Mr.. Kennedy's state-of-the-
Union message: "On the presidential
coat Of arms the American eagle holds in
his right talon the olive branch, while in
his left he holds bundle Of arrows. We
intend to give equal attention to both"
In other words, the United States, even
as it strives diligently to promote peace,
will build up its military power as much
as the times require-a fact that the
Kremlin, speaking through its COM
pletely controlled press, now has de-
plored as sign that the President is
merely echoing the "warmongering"
ideas Of the late John Foster Dulles.
Pravda, for example, after having
said some nice things about him just a
few days ago, has switched abruptly to
a line self-righteously accusing the
President Of seeking to negotiate from
a position Of strength (Which Of course
is the only sane position to negotiate
from) and Of repeating Mr.. Dulles
inventions" and myths" in talking
~ II
Evening star., 1961-02-07
THE POLITICAL MILL
N. Y. Democrats Fiqht for Control
By GOULD LINCOLN

The battle Of the reform
Group" to take over control
Of the Democratic Party in
New York City and the State
has now intensified to a
white heat. Mayor Robert
Wagner has gone all the way
in his support Of the group
headed by former Senator
Herbert Lehman and Mrs.
Eleanor Roosevelt In its ef-
fort to throw Carmine G..
DeSapio out Of the leadership
Of New York County (Man-
hattan) and Tammany Hall.
demanding Mr.. DeSapio'a
resignation. The interesting
question about the situation
is how far the Kennedy
administration in Washing
ton is prepared to go in the
attempt to get rid Of Mr.:
DeSapio and also his ally,
Democratic State Chairman
Michael Prendergast. Several
weeks ago President Ken
nedy, who had not yet taken
office, and his brother
Robert, now Attorney Cen
eral, were reported as in
tensely interested in the New
York political situation and
hoping to help strengthen
the Democratic Party In New
York, particularly for the
gubernatorial race next year.
They would like to see Re-
publican Gov. Nelson A.
Rockefeller defeated.
Patronage Club Seen
It has been suggested that
the Federal patronage club
might be an effective instHu-
ment to bring about q rN-
vamping Of the Democratic
organization, both in the
State and the city; that
State, county and district
leaders might be ignored
when 1t comes to picking out
personnel to fill many Jobs. It
Is noticeable that President
Kennedy already has appoint
ed Thomas K. Finletter, who
with Mr.. Lehman and Mrs.
Roosevelt has headed up the
Reform Group, to be United
States Ambassador to the
North Atlantic Treaty Or
ganiZation. Mr.. Finletter Is q
former Secretary Of the Navy
and in 1858 was put forward
as a candidate for the Demo-
cratic senatorial nomination
to run on the ticket with for
mer Gov. Averell Hartman.
Mr.. DeSapio insisted on the
nomination Of District At
'torney Frank Hogan for Sen
ator. He was nominated and
later lost to Republican Sen
ator Keating, although he
ran ahead Of the Democratic
ticket. Gov. Hartman lost to
Mr.. Rockefeller by q half
million votes. The ambassa-
dorship to NATO Is one of
the top echelon jobs and il
perhaps no criterion Of what
the Kennedy administration
will do in making the many
lesser appointments to Fed
eral Jobs in New York.
The reform group leaders
insist that the party In New
York must get away from
the charge Of ''bossisln," and
that Mr.. DeSapio personifies
Evening star., 1961-02-07

and services. because farm.
ers again have become so
poor.
Is 1t not, therefore, rea-
sonable to conclude that
there would be q brighter
general outlook for, business
today. there would not be the
new uneasiness in the cities,
II we had maintained oppor-
tunities for agriculture to
advance with the remainder
Of the economy?
I would advise the business
community Of the Nation to
encourage and to help de-
velop national policies en-
abling rural America to
achieve an equitable income
position. This one step would
bring into being a new multi
billion-dollar market for the
factories In urban areas. It
would create hundreds of
thousands Of jobs. Taxpayers
would save many millions of
dollars which otherwise may
be spent in welfare grants
and relief to needy persons
and to depressed areas. The
Nations business would be
more stable. The free enter
prise system, underpinned by
the millions Of individual
and family units Of capital
ism who own and run our
farms, would be materially
strengthened.
America cannot longer
risk the dangers firmly in
fixed in this current situa-
ton where more than one
half its free enterprise units
and almost one-half of its
productive assetS-aS well as
the millions Of people on our
farms-operate on the edge
Of insolvency.
Harold d. CooIey,
Chairman,
House Committee
on agriculture.
Evening star., 1961-02-07

the boss. Mayor Wagner has
gone along now with this
charge. MIR. DeSapio for his
part has denounced the re-
formers as "hyprocriteS,"
particularly the mayor and
the former Senator. He con-
tends they benefited from
the same form Of organiZa-
ton In the past that they
now are denouncing. He has
challenged Mayor Wagner
and Mr.. Lehman to q debate
to be broadcast on television
and radio. Presumably he
has some ammunition, par.
ticularly from the 1858 State
convention hassle over the
senatorial nomination. which
he proposes to use.
Republicans Encouraged
Mr.. DeSapio and his sup
porters regard the mayors
demand for his resignation as
an attempt to arouse public
opinion and to bring pres
sure on the district leaders
in New York County. Ap-
parently, If the mayor and
Mr.. Lehman want publicity,
Mr.. DeSapio is willing to
give them what they want.
There are 16 district leaders
in Manhattan. AS Of today,
the mayor and the Reform
Group have the support of
only AZ votes. To force q
meeting Of the district lead
ers to take action, IL votes
are required. This situation,
OF course, could change.
The present row in the
Democratic Party Is encour-
aging the Republicans in the
belief that for the first time
since the late Fiorello La
Guardia sat in City Hall,
there Is a chance to elect o
fusion" candidate for mayor.
with the Republicans, Inde-
pendents and disgruntled
Democrats and some members
Of the Liberal Party banding
together. Mayor Wagner's
regime has been under at
tack from many angles, and
because Of some scandals.
Whichever way the contest
between Mr.. DeSapio and the
Mayor goes. 1t may be dif-
ficult for Mayor Wagner to
win re-election-or for any
other organization Democrat
to do so. provided the fusion"
Is effected and places q good
candidate In the field,
There has been much talk
about getting rid Of Mr..
Prendergast as Democratic
State Chairman. First, he
was to be bought off with
the promise Of a Federal Job.
and then he was to be driven
out at a meeting Of the DEM
ocratic State Committee. Mr.,
Prendergast, however, made
1t clear he would not accept
a Federal job, and then the
State committee met, did
nothing about oustin9 the
chairman and virtually gave
him q vote Of confidence.
Under the law he holds his
office for nearly two more
years. =" -
Take 1t by and large. the
Democratic political situation
In New York Is full Of dyna-
mite.
Evening star., 1961-02-07
Palliative for House?

! believe the enlargement
by the House Of its Rules
Committee while it tempor-
arily cauterized the wound,
did not wholly effect the
cure.
The rationale given for
this numerical increase is
that q majority was prevent
ed from asserting its viii on
legislation bottled up in that
committee. In reality, how
ever. there was and is no
conceivable way q determined
majority can be thwarted by
the Rules c o m mittee, the
Speaker or anyone else.
Judge Smiths CO m mittee,
heretofore, derived its au-
thority not from any favored
legal position conferred upon
1t by the House. but from the
fact that its pigeon - holing
tactics were continually SuS-
tanned and supported by Q
majority Of the House de-
termined to renege on Its OBJ
legation to the electorate.
Mr.. Sans enlargement,
therefore, is nothing more
than Q subterfuge forcing
Congressman to either take O
stand on controversial issues
or absent themselves from
roll calls. II the latter results,
perhaps the next change in
the rules will have to be the
establishment Of q manda-
tory attendance system to as
sure quorums.
Edmund Burke, q FORMER
parliamentarian, stated that
the legislator was not an
agent Of the people but its
representative. The legislator
was not to discern the ma
jority's whim and vote ac-
cordingly but rather his
obligation was to determine
what policy viii best ad-
vance the public interest.
The public has chosen the
legislator with the realiza-
ton that it is not equipped
to decide on q day-to-day
basis how to govern itself.
Thus o competent Congress-
man discharges his obligation
as a Representative" by de
pending on history and the
perSuasivenesS Of his logic in
defending his concept Of the
public interest at election
time.
Consequently, If more con-
Stituents would demand this
forthrightnesS from their
Congressmen, House members
would not have found IL in
their interest to take refuge
behind the skirts Of the Rules
Committee and no necessity
Evening star., 1961-02-07

income, down IS per cent.
The capita income Of people
living on farms in 1859 Oat-
est figures available) was
only 1865, while the non
farm population received ST.
ZIG. The 1859 hourly earning
Of farm workers (average for
operations and hired labor)
was rs cents. while factory
workers received an average
Of 1922 hourly.
In the last decade som e
100000 to 100000 persons
have left the land and have
crowded into the cities, most
Of them looking for work.
How many Of these are now
among the Nations unern-
ployed, and how many on
relief rolls in the cities? g..
How can the Nations busi-
ness community, in Its own
self-interest, overlook these
conditions in agriculture?
This question Is the more
disturbing when we consider
that the value Of productive
resources in agriculture
amounts to more than 5000
billion, almost equal to the
investments in the produc-
tive facilities Of all manufac-
turing corporations. And
there is the added funda-
mental consideration that,
despite a severe attrition in
recent years, agriculture still
embraces more independent
units Of enterprise-more In
dividual capitalists-than do
all other industry and busi-
ness combined.
I can see no way to avoid
recurring recesSions in the
general economy so long as
our largest induStry-agri-
culture--is depressed.
The general economy cur
rently has lost the stimula-
tion Of the buoyant rural de.
mand for consumer goods
Evening star., 1961-02-07
Roots of Economic Slump in Farm Areas

The Star certainly Is on
solid ground editorial "Mr.
Kennedy's Goals" February
81 where 1t says, in discussing
an immunity from recurring
economic recessions, that
what industry needs "is more
customers who can afford to
buy its products"
The great underdeveloped
markets for consumer goods
in America today are on our
farms and in our farm towns.
I submit that poverty
which now again has re-
turned to large areas Of rural
America Is at the roots Of the
Nations current economic
slump. In some ways the dis
parity between agriculture
and other areas Of the econ
omy now is more pronounced
than in the late 1920s and
early 1930s when the COL
lapse Of our farm economy
preceded the Great Depres-
sion.
Agriculture Is by far the
Nations largest industry.
Farming employs more per-
sons than the steel industry,
automobile industry, trans
portation industry and public
utilities. combined. Agricul-
ture uses more steel annually
than the total tonnage which
goes into passenger automo-
biles. It uses more petroleum
than any other industry.
Yet, the Nation has given
only passing notice to the
deterioration in the farm
economy in the last 6 to 8
years. Our farmers have been
caught in a devastating cost
price squeeze. In 1860, COM
pared with 1852, farm prices
were down II per cent. farm
parity ratio down 20 per cent,
realized net farm income
also down 20 per cent. pur-
chasing power Of that Ierm
Evening star., 1961-02-07

would have existed for the
Speaker to disrobe 1t.
John p. Scheldrup
Your editorials about the
enlargement Of the Rules
Committee have been truly
outstanding. Your position
has been one Of patriotism.
economy, good will, and in
the interest Of the national
welfare.
AS you ably pointed out,
this bitter controversy could
have been avoided at o time
when we needed to be more
united.
Your wonderful newspaper
IL contributing greatly to the
cause Of sane, responsible
government. .Es
WIN. Jennings Bryan Dorm,
Representative from South
Carolina.
Your tongue-in-cheek at
titude towards ths most re-
cent legislative conflict be-
tween legislators dedicated
to the principles upon which
this Nation was founded, ]
find inexcusable. The rec
ord Of the so-called Rules
Committee is one Of gross
usurpation Of the rights Of
all duly elected Representa-
tives and the will Of Congress
per Sc.
Bigotry assu m es many
forms and its greatest dam
ger lies In its use through
the medium Of the press.
Your Editors Note at the
conclusion Of a letter titled
"Prejudiced Minds" I find
hard to believe. It is my
most considered and sincere
opinion that your newspaper
Is opposed to almost all
the things that the Negro
seeks as his birthright
through citizenship. and by
virtue Of his constitutional
guarantees.
Just as the price Of liberty
is eternal vigilance" 30 too ID
the indisputable fact that
Integrity Is vital in mans re-
lationship to his fellow man; +"
this is what I hope will be
accomplished now that the
oligarchical power Of Mr..
Smith has been broken.
.- Daniel N. Browne.
Evening star., 1961-02-07

first few days with this ap-
proach. His naivete in Com.
munist understanding Is al
ready showing.
Gene Thompson.
Not since Franklin D,
Roosevelt have the American
people built such q halo
around q mans head as they
have around President Ken
nedy's. They are now giving
him all the credit for the re-
lease Of those two American
flyers imprisoned by Com
muniSt Russia. Certainly I
am glad the men have been
liberated but I am downright
scared because Of not know
ing what concession Kennedy
might have made for their
freedom and the subsequent
price we might have to pay
IN blood and tears in the fu-
ture.
I can still vividly remem-
ber that from 1888 to l944
there was another man, sur
rounded with halos, who
headed a pro-socialistic well
fare administration identical
to that Of Kennedy, who was
chumnny with Communist
Russia and look what a cha
otic mess he got the country
into. The Communists infii-
trated every crevice Of the
Government. That is why I
am scared. Nish Showers.
= + -
In the very short time
that John F. Kennedy has
been our President he has
shown Madison avenue and
the world how a successful
politician remains success
ful. He is a tremendously
skilled public relations ex-
pert who can feel the pulse
Of the public and make the
right move at the right time.
He dramatically opened
the first live TV press con-
ference by a President with
the announcement Of the re-
lease Of the two RB47 flyers.
He graciously met the two
freed flyers and invited them
and their wives to the White
House for tea.
He announced the repeal
OF the order recalling de-
pendentS overseas and said
that he can reduce our dol
lar outflow by other meth
ods. His Secretary Of De-
tense hopefully wants to
limit their spending. It's
rough on the New Frontier.
Our President made dra-
matte announcements that
more food will be given to
the unemployed and that
food will be flown to the
Congo. Now he proposes ex-
tended social security bene-
fits and extended jobless pay
along with reduced interest
rates and a speedup of Fed
eral spending. Aye, that's
the rub - increased Federal
spending. Public relations,
modern style, joins the age
less formula Of all success
full politicians - tax and
spend and elect.
Harold S. HarwOod, Jr.