davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-03-22
Many Motions Seen
On Verge of Growth

Many Of these less-developec
nations are on the Threshold
Of achieving sufficient eco
nomic, social and political
strength and self sustained
growth to stand permanently
on their own feet. The 1905
can be-and must be-the cru
cial decade of Development
the period when many less-de-
veloped nations make the
transition into self-sustained
growth-the period in which
an enlarged community of free
stable and self-reliant nations
can reduce world tensions and
insecurity. This goal is in our
grasp If, and only If, the other
industrialized nations now join
us in developing with the re-
cipientS a set of commonly
agreed criteria. a set of long
range goals. and a common un-
dertaking to meet those goals,
in which each nations con-
tribution is related toSthe con-
tributions Of others and to the
precise needs of each less-de-
veloped nation. -.
But our success in achieving
these goals, in creating an en-
vironment in which the energies
of struggling peoples can be
devoted to constructive pur-
poses in the world community
and our success in enlisting a
greater common effort toward
this end on the part of other
induStrialized acknowledgements
to a large extent upon the scope
and continuity Of our own
efforts. If we encourage re-
cipient countries to dramatize
a series of short-term crises as
a basis for our aid-instead of
depending on a plan for long
term goals-then we will dis
sipate our funds. our good will
and our leadership -.
In short. this Congress at this
must make possible a
turning point in the
troubled history of foreign aid
to the underdeveloped world.
We must say to the less devel-
oped nations, if they are willing
to undertake necessary internal
reform and self -help-and to
the other industrialized nations.
Il they are willing to undertake
a much greater effort on a much
broader scale-that we then in
tend during this coming decade
Of development to achieve a
decisive turn-around in the
fate Of the less-developed world,
looking toward the ultimate day
when all nations can be self
and when foreign aid
will not longer be needed =.
This will require leadership,
BY this country in this year.
And it will require a fresh ap-
proach-a more logical. eff
;ient and successful long-term
olan-for American foreign aid.
strongly recommend to the
Congress the enactment Of such
a plan, as contained in a meas
lre to be sent shortly to the
Congress and described below.
Evening star., 1961-03-22

i activities of the Export-Import
Bank.
e. The Peace Corps, recog-
mixing its distinctive contribu-
ton beyond the area OF
economic development.
f. The donation Of non-
agricultural surpluses from
other national stockpiles of ex-
cess commodities or equipment,
g. All other releated staff
and program services now pro-
vided by the Department of
State as we'll as ICA.
But new organization is not
enough. We need a new work.
ing concept.
/ At the center of the new
effort must be national devel-
opment programs. It is essen
tial that the developing nations
set for themselves sensible tar
gets; that these targets be
based on balanced programs
for their own economic, edu-
cational and social growth
programs which use their own
resources to the maximum. .
Thus, the first requirement is
that each recipient government
seriously undertake to the best
of its ability on its own those
efforts of resource mobilization,
Self-help and internal reform
including land reform, tax re-
form and improved education
and social justice-which its
own development requires and
which would increase its capac-
ity to absorb external capital
productivity.
Finally, it will be necessary,
for the time being, to provide
grant assistance to those ma
tions that are hard pressed by
external or internal pressures,
so that they can meet those
pressures and maintain their
independence.
To meet the varied needs of
many nations, the new aid ad-
ministration will have a flexible
set of tools, co-ordinated and
shaped to fit each national de-
velopment program: The grant
or sale (for either local cur
rency or dollars with special
repayment termS) of surplus
foods, equipment and other
items; technical assistance;
skilled manpower from the
Peace Corps; development
grants; transitional, sustaining
or emergency grants: develop
ment loans repayable in local
currency; and development
loans repayable in dollars, with
special terms of repayment
that will meet the needs of the
recipient country.
Evening star., 1961-03-22
Sees Peril in Failure
To Meet Obligations

In the face of these weak
nesses and inadequacies - and
with the beginning Of a new
decade of new problems-it is
proper that we draw back and
ask with candor a fundamental
question. Is a foreign aid pro-
gram really necessary? Why
should we not lay down thf
burden which our Nation has
now carried for some Is years?
The answer is that there Is
no escaping our obligations
Our moral obligations as a wise
leader and good neighbor in
the interdependent community
Of free nations-our economic
obligations as the wealthiest
people in a world of largely
poor people. as a Nation no
longer dependent upon the
loans from abroad that once
helped us develop our own
economy and our political
obligations as the single largest
counter to the adversaries Of
freedom.
To fail to meet those obliga-
ton now would be disastrous;
and, in the long run, more
expensive.
We live at a very special
moment in history. The whole
southern half of the world
Latin America, Africa, the Mid
die East. and Asia are caught
up in the adventures Of as
serting their independence and
undermining their old ways oil
life. These new nations neeC
aid in loans and technical as
sistance just as we in the
northern half of the world drew
successfully on one another,
capital and know-how as W.
moved into industrializatior
and regular growth.
But in our time these nev
nations need help for a specia
reason. Without exception the,
are under Communist pressure
- But the fundamental tasl
Of our foreign aid program II
the 1960s is not negatively Il
fight communism: It's funda
mental task is to help make
historical demonstration that Il
the goth century, as in tn
19th--in the southern half @
the globe as in the north--eco
noinic growth and political de
mocracy can develop hand 1
hand.
In short, we have not onl
obligations to fulfill, we hav
great opportunities to relaiz,
We are, I am convinced, on tn
treshhold of a truly united an
major effort by the free ir
Evening star., 1961-03-22

loans which could not be re-
paid in dollars. Also, there still
would be the foreign military
aid money, to be appropriated
annually, as at present.
With the military funds
transferred to the defense
budget, and the development
loans financed by Treasury
borrowing, the annual foreign
aid appropriation bill would be
much smaller in the next five
years than the SO to 81 billion
Congress has been appropriate
ing in the recent past. But it
would not necessarily mean
any actual reduction in the
amount this country was ap-
plying to foreign aid in each
of the five years.
Although the message went
to the Capitol today, admins
tration officials say it will be
some time before they complete
the draft Of a bill to carry it
out.
The bill will call for creation
Of a new agency, as yet un-
named. to be headed by an ad-
ministrator who would report
directly to the Secretary Of
State and the President.
New Agency Charted
Into this new agency would
go the functions of the existing
International Cooperation A6-
ministration, the Development
Loan Fund, the Food For Peace
Program, the newly formed
Peace Corps and the local
currency lending activities of
the Export-Import Bank.
The President emphasized
that he is not proposing a mere
reshuffling or relabeling of old
agencies and their personnel
without regard to their COM
petence. I am recommending
the replacement Of these agen-
cieS with q new one-a fresh
start under new leadership.
Administration officials be-
lieve that with such q reorgani-
Evening star., 1961-03-22
Outlines Bosic Ideas
To Implement Plan

If our foreign aid funds are
to be prudently and effectively
used. we need a whole new set
of basic concepts and prin-
cipleS.
/. Unified administration and
operation-A single agency in
Washington and the field,
equipped with a flexible set of
tools, in place of several COM
peting and confusing aid units.
2. Country plans-A care
fully thought through program
tailored to meet the needs and
the resource potential Of each
individual country, instead of a
series Of individual. unrelated
projects. Frequently, in the
past, our development goals
and projects have not been
undertaken as integral steps in
a long-range economic develop
ment program.
8. Long-term planning and
financing-the only way to
make meaningful and economi-
cal commitments.
4. Special emphasis on de-
velopment loans repayable in
dollars more conducive to
business-like relations and mu-
tual respect than sustaining
grants or loans repaid in local
currencies. although some in
stances of the latter are un-
avoidable.
5. Special attention to those
nations most willing and able
to mobilize their own resources,
make necessary social and
economic reforms, engage in
long-range planning, and make
the other efforts necessary If
these are to reach the stage of
self sustaining growth. e
8. Multi-lateral approach-A
probgram and level of commit
ments designed to encourage
and complement an increased
effort by other industrialized
nations.
7. AS new agency with new
personnel-Drawing upon the
most competent and dedicated
career servants now in the
field, and attracting the high
est quality from every part Of
the Nation.
8. Separation from military
assistance-Our program OF
aid to social and economic de-
velopment must be seen on its
own merits. and judged in the
light of its vital and distinc-
tive contribution to our basic
needs,
Evening star., 1961-03-22

zation 1t will be possible to
develop for each country being
helped a comprehensive long
range plan. And they believe
that II Congress viii give Q
long-range commitmentto what
this country is willing to put
up, it will be possible to draw
the other industrialized nations
into multi-lateral aid programs.
For if we are to have a pro-
gram designed to brighten the
future" said the Presidents
message, that program must
have a future. Experience has
shown that long-range needs
cannot be met evenly and eco
nomically by a series of one
year programs"
Annual Review Pledged
Mr.. Kennedy hastened to
add that CLOSE consultation
and cooperation with the Con-
gress and its committees will
still be essential, including an
annual review of the program"
Mr.. Kennedy anticipated and
sought to head off in his mes
sage any argument in Congress
that the current recession
would justify cuts In the for
eign aid program. He said:
I'm deciding on this program,
I have also carefully considered
its impact on our balance of
We are now putting
emphasis, in both
our development lending and
grant aid programs, on the
procurement of goods and
services of United States origin.
This means that approxi-
mately 50 billion of the "a
billion in economic aid will be
spent directly for goods and
services benefiting the Ameri-
can economy"
Evening star., 1961-03-22
Long-Ronge Planning
Held Key to Prodrdnl

A program based on long
range plans instead of short
run crises cannot be financed
on a short-term basis. Long
term authorization, planning
and financing are the key to
the continuity and efficiency of
the entire program
I recommend, therefore. an
authorization for the new aid
agency Of not less than five
years, with borrowing authority
also for five years to commit
and make dollar repayable loans
within the limits spelled out be-
low: No other step would be
such clear signal Of our in
tentions to all the world &.
1t will, however, take
time to institute the new con-
cepts and practices which are
proposed. Thus. during this
initial year. while we will need
to make the necessary long
term commitments for develop
ment lending. it is unnecessary
to ask the Congress for any
additional funds for this years
program.
Consequently, while the funds
requested by my predecessor
will be sharply shifted in terms
of their use and purpose, I am
asking the Congress for a total
foreign aid budget Of new obli-
gational authority no greater
than that requested in the rock
bottom budget previously sub
mitted ($4 billion) despite the
fact that the number of new
nations needing assistance is
constantly increasing, and,
though increasing such author
ity for non-military aid while
reducing military assistance,
this budget provides for a level
of actual expenditures on nom
military aid no greater than re-
,flected in the previous budget
($1.9 billion
In short. this program will
not in whole or in part unbal-
ance the previous budget in any
fashion. Its impact on our bal
ance of payments will be mar
ginal. And its benefits for our
domestic economy should not be
overlooked.
The $4 billion previously re-
quested for fiscal year 1862 will
be reallocated under this new
program as follows:
Military assistance will be re-
duced from the $1.8 billion
requested to $1.6 billion, as
discussed below.
Economic assistance, with a
much greater portion going to
development loans, a small in
crease in development grants,
and a reduction in sustaining
grants, will total $2.4 billion.
OF this, SIS billion will be
contained in the usual annual
appropriation of new ,obliga-
tional authority to finance the
part of the program that is not
suitable for dollar development
loans; grants for education, So
cial progress and institutional
development, the Peace Corps.
and sustaining aid. 5000 mil
lion will be available for long
term low or interest-free devel-
opment loans to be repaid in
dollars, financed through an
authorization of public debt
borrowing authority which
would also provide no more
than $l.6 billion for each of the
succeeding four years. Also to
be made available for such
loans under the new system of
full coordination will be the
unappropriated dollar funds
now coming in in repayment of
the principal and interest on
certain previous loans to foreign
governments.
Evening star., 1961-03-22
Proposes Integrotion
Into SinqIe Agency

I propose that our separate
and often confusing aid pro-
gram be integrated into a
single administration embrac-
ing the present Washington
and field operations Of:
a. The International Coop
Grafton Administration and all
Its technical assistance (Point
q and other programs.
b. The Development Loan
Fund.
C. The Food-for- or-Peace Pro.
gram in its relations with other
countries, while also recogniz-
ing its essential role in oul
farm economy.
d. The local currency lending
Evening star., 1961-03-22
AL D

Continued From First Page
posed long-term borrowing au-
thority for the Development
Loan Fund when it got going in
1857. Senate Foreign Rela-
tions Committee Chairman Full
bright, Democrat of Arkansas,
has championed the idea, but
House Appropriations Commit
tee members led by Representa-
tive PaSsman, Democrat Of LOU
isiana, have successfully op-
posed short-circuiting their
Evening star., 1961-03-22
Would Put Arms Aid
Into Defense BUDGET

In order to make clear
the peaceful and positive pur-
| poses Of this program, to en-
Evening star., 1961-03-22
Partial TEXT 'T'-->-
Kennedy Revises Aid Plan

dustrialized nations to assist
the less-developed nations on 6
long-terrn basis.
Evening star., 1961-06-17

BOWIE AREA front Bel Air golf
course), 8 beautiful level acres
and lovely 4-bedrm. brick Cape
Cod, 2 baths, 12x2S den, full
b6smtt.' 2.car garage; new barn
north Of Defense hwy.
Evening star., 1961-06-17
$21,950

TAKOMA PARK-HuEe double lot
facing Manor circle. Loaded with
trees, flowers. shrubs. Side patid
with privacy. Living room, dining
room, kitchen, pantry, breakfast
nook, powder room, 3 bedrooms
and bath on 2nd: built-in garage;
Wall-to-Wall CARPET,
Evening star., 1961-06-17
CENTER, Hall.

3-bedrm., 2-bath, lge. rambler W.
daylight bsmt. A real buy, Flower
ave. area. GRAHAM CO, JU, a.
Evening star., 1961-06-17
$19,600

masonry
Cape Cod; living room, dining
room. kitchen with table space,
bedroom. bath on 1st. 2 nice bed
rooms on End. Large 2-car de-
tached garage, 2 outbuildings;
fruit trees; huge lot, 124x350.
Evening star., 1961-06-17

I re. O-fZUU III > P.M.
PRUDENTIAL REALTY CO.
AVONDALE AREA, Just over D. C
line - SiX-room, all-brick semi
Colonial; wall-to-wall carpeting
storm windows. fenced lot, full
bsmt. Only $500 down and $50
per mo. plus taxes. Call It'll 8
pm, WA. 7-3900. ROBERT s
| DAVIS a. co. INC
Evening star., 1961-06-17
LOHR'S BEST BETS
WE TAKE TRADES
S14.850

TAKOMA PARK-Older-type stucco
bungalow; bedrooms, 2 baths,
front and rear porches; nice lot
5Oxl3O; large trees, detached ga
rage FHA applied for.
Evening star., 1961-06-17
HOUSES FOR SALE-Mp.
MONTGOMERY COUNTY

REDUCED-3 bedrms., Ia baths,
lge. individual din. rm., full bsmt.,
wooded lot. Only Slb,950, $500
down. SLY per month pays all.
ELSENACHER REALTY, LO. 4-5555
RENT WITH OPTION TO BUY:
Univ. blvd. area.-3 bedrms.. ga
baths, split-level. family rm., car
port, h-acre lot, S225 mo. Quick
possession. LO. 4-6I40.
TOWNHOUSE PROPERTIES. INC.
ROCK CREEK HILLS AREA-A s.
bedroom rambler with no base
ment, but an absolute dreaml
Condition is perfect. Lot is beauti-
full. Room sizes will delight you.
Easy one-floor living in q fine
neighborhood. LOW, LOW 20s;
MAKE AN OFFER! FRANK 8.
PHILLIPS, INC, DI. 7-1411; ewes,
ROCKVILLE; no SIS down GI;' $50
mo. pays all-3-bedroom rambler
corner lot. r. L. SMITH, Realtor
GA. 4-77l1, GA. 4-S795.
ROCKVILLE; OPEN, IVA Crawford
dist offering, attractive ramb-
Ter, excel. cond.; featuring 3 bed
hedged patio: large fenced lot;
GA 4-S27s.
ROCKVILLE-Close TO everything
yet secluded for privacy is this
3-bedrm. Cape Cod; nice yard with
patio, can expand. to bedrms.,
baths; total price S13,950, $500
dn. FLA, $l06 per mo.
ROGER H. SPENCER CO.
GA. 4-5l51 GA. 4-9212
ROCKVILLE, bedroom brick
rambler, knotty-pine rec. room,
concrete patio. storm windows,
fenced level lot; walk to public
and parochial schools; oonv. NH,
Acc, Navy Med. Ctr; S16,S50,
assume GI 4hSs or FILA. OWNER.
PO 2-64b4
Evening star., 1961-06-17
HOUSES FOR SALE-MD.
MONTGOMERY COUNTY

CHEVY CHASE-Distinctive custom
bullt rambler with 8 twin-sizl
6edrms., porch. ga baths. hug,
Terrific value. Call OIL. 6-SSS0
LAMPROS REALTORS.
CHEVY CHASE - CENTRAL AIE
cond. 4 oedrms. and den, 3 baths
custom-built home with lge. liv
rec. rm;; exceptional value. Cal
0L; $3.50. LAMPROS REAL.
CHEVY CHASE
YOUR TERMS. Open l to 6. New,
sumo large 5S4eo loan. Pick your
colors and move right in. Ist FIR
large lv. rm., sep. din. rm., family
rm;' dream kit. and powder rm.
IND flr., 4 bedrmS., baths; full
bSmt. Trades considered. DIR: out
Conn. ave. ext. to Jones Bridge I'd :,
right 3 blks., OR out East-West
hwy. to Jones Mil I'd, right tC
Jones Bridge rd., then left $50 It
GUARDIAN REALTY CO.. EN-
CHEVY CHASEi leaving city; mus
Sell-Beaut. custom S-rm. home
27Xl5 cath. liv. rm., ctr. hall, lge
din. rm., breakfast rm., kit, 4
bedrms., baths, 65x246 level lot
Modern gas furnace, water htr
nj. Rosemary. Leland Jr. High
Asking S3S,500. You must see in
side this fine house to believe its
charm. OIL. 4-7367.
CHEVY CHASE; $25,75O-Bet, the
CLUBS. spacious brk. Colonial, 3
bedrms;, z baths; porch. garage
lot as by 40. SAMUEL E
BOGLEY OF MD. INC. OIL. g.
$500.
CHEVY CHASE-It's hard to beat
this charming brick Colonial in
excellent area with q view Of the
park. 8 twin-sized bedrms. and
bath. on 2nd II. LiY. rm., din, rm.,
all-elec. kit. with table space, pow.
der rm. and screened porch on lst
H., paneled rec. rm. and shower
bath in bsmt. Built-in garage
lmmed; occupancy. $1,000 down.
LAWRENCE v. LUTES CO.
CHEVY CHASE. between the clubs
-Center-hall entrance. 4-bedrm.
brick Colonial: 1st-floor powder
rmr A-acre level lot; large sep
din. rm; with French doors OPEN
ing to loft. scr. porch, 8 baths,
rage: very low 40s.
BETHESDA REALTY OIL. 4-l416
CHOICE FOUR CORNERS AREA
Owner. .Spac. 3-bedrm. brk, Colo
NAL. Pch., gar, nr. transp., schlS.
etc, Assume 41aeo GI. JU. S-9420.
CLoSE-IN SILVER SPRING-All-
brick slate-roof Colonial, large
living room, separate dining rm.,
3 very large bedrooms, full base
ment with bath. level lot with
trees: immaculate, SIS. 1880. GRAY
kESSlNGER g. CO., INC, JU. g.
Evening star., 1961-06-17
XENIA ST. Sc,
HOUSES FOR sALE-MD.

FOR SALE. EASTERN SHORE, Nd.
mi. beyond Bay Bridge; 800 IT
waterfront; 4-yr.-old brk. home
4 bedrms., ga baths, liv. nm. with
firepl.. den, reception hall. din
rm., mod. kit, 2-car gar; lge
swimming pool, 100-ft. dock anc
slip for lge. boat. l hr Is min
from Washington. Call Lexington
9-5216. Sat, Sun. call Chester
Nd. Mission 3-4OS1.
Evening star., 1961-06-17

w. BECRAFI, WI. S-9E9Z.
GAITHERSBURG 4-bedrm. older
home with exceptionally lge. rms.
lots Of shrubs and trees; liv. rm.,
din; rm., family rm., utility rm.r
modern kit. on 1st floor, 4 lge.
bedrms. and bath on End. Stairs
basement. H.-w.h.; / blk. from
Safeway and public transp., on
tree-lined street. S19.500.
GERMANTowN-New, 3-bedroom
brick rambler on n acre; tiled
bath, mod. kit: buy now and Sc
lect the colorS of your choice at
no extra cost. Only $4,000.
WASHINGTON GRovE-Buy this
3-bedrm., 2-bath older home and
scenery offered by the many large
trees; It's possible to avoid the
traffic by riding the nearby com
muter trains to Washington. A
community that offers true rec.
reation to all ages including ten
mis- courts. swimming, fishing, ball
games and other family hobbies.
S15,950.
DEarAAoS S0-Oee Inlb new, 6-DeQ-
modern kitchen, finished rec. nm
carport and u acre of land before
It's too late. Only $23,5O0.
WASHINGTON GROVE 4-bedrm
nome with full basement: delight
dul porch overlooking parkland.
S14,950.
GAITHERSBURG-3-bedrm. brick
rambler with large rooms, base
nenC partially above ground. Close
70 new Bureau Of Standards. S21,-
UPPER MONTGOMERY CO.-Coun-
story home. with l5x3O-ft. dining
In., warmly inviting with pine.
paneled wall. Huge country kitch-
en- with modern equipment and
large utility room. 8 bedrooms
and tiled bath, brick patio in
S5a ssr q Witn acres land. Only
25Ldi;Sou. with, acres, S26,95O.
AuoitlonA land available.
R!01cKvILLE-A delightful house IN
tne woods with l5X24-ft, Ivino
room with. fireplace, large famiiS
I'm; with fireplace, large kitchen
. bedrooms, Q baths, 2-car Sa.
rsge; over an acre Of land. AID
mile from city limits. $2i, 500.
KAY BOWLING, Realtor
So7 n. Frederick Ave, Gath Nd
W. e-s2oO or 301-WA. 6.250C
GAhERETT 5hd nsE PARK.;7Attractive l.
Evening star., 1961-06-17
HOUSES FOR sALE-S.E.
All Sold Out

WE NEED f1OUOEO
Immediately in ne, Sc, nearby
Nd. No appraisal fee. II you
Ore IN q hurry we will buy It.
II; 6-7043, Ewes, Lu. 2-3011.
Evening star., 1961-06-17

DISTRICT HEIGHTS: $19,750.
81 1,450 dn. FHA-Fine all-brick
WA lge. bedrms., din. rm., lge.
family kit, firepl., full bsmt, rec.
rm., ga baths, storm windows,
insulated. Lge. lot. beautiful flow
ers and shrubs. FARM & HOME
RLTY. CY. 1896, RE, $4,000.
Evening star., 1961-06-17
HOUSES FOR SALE-MD,
PRINCE GEORGES COUNTY
ABLE TO PAY SETTLEMENT

ABLE TO PAY SETTLEMENT?
GI approved, S19,95O, with NO
down payment: mod. 3-bedrm., e
bath rancher, nestled under tail
bsmt., glamour packed kit. Quail
fled buyer moves in with deposit.
Nr. NSA. NASA and pkwy.
HAGAN REALTY, INC. UN. 4-ebS3
n. W. JASEPH, Realtor
Evening star., 1961-06-17

CORNER BRANCH AND N ST.
e-Ioom detached brick home on
ner lot; 8 full baths, 8 pvt. en-
frances, h.-w.h.; handy location.
ISot home .,i Is in ,oe excellent Gong
C. D.. MURPHY REALToR
In. 4-6227 LU. 4-22bS
Evening star., 1961-06-17

CHEvERLY - Walk to swimming
club from an attractive 3-bedrm
Colonial with firepl. and carpet.
ing in 24-ft. liv. rm., separate
din. rm.; n bath In bsmt; large
Built-in garage: storm windows
and doors Must see to appreci-
ate; S20,500. Trades invited.
Evening star., 1961-06-17

MIlLCREST-Brick BUNGALOW; Nv.
Tm., dining rm., kit, Q bedrms.,
bath, bSmt. with rec. rm. and
toilet: stairway to floored attic;
Ras hot-water heat. FREDERICK
A. BLUMER CO., GIT Penna. ave.
Sc, Ii. 10000; ewes, LU. 1-261S.
MEAD ANArNCTTA
Evening star., 1961-06-17

REAL ESTATE CO., INC.
CONGRESS HEIGHTS, 14S Upsal
st. s.e.-Semidet. brick: 6 rooms,
2 baths, rec. rm.; oil heat; large
rear yard: conv. to NRL, Boiling
AFB and Andrews.