davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-03-30
,STANTINE BROWN
Peace Corps Called Publicity Stunt
With the Potential for Tragedy

Young American college
graduates are expected to
mingle with Congolese,
Ghanians and a host of
Others, trying to ingratiate
themselves into their society.
Under the Point Four pro-
gram. the Marshall Plan and
the Technical Assistance pro-
gram, we have for years been
attempting to send to many
areas of the world trained
and talented specialists to
assist these people to improve
their economic status, their
agriculture, industry, hygiene,
etc. Billions of dollars of
the American taxpayers
money have been invested in
these projects. Does anyone
believe that the innocence
Of the youngsters of the
Peace Corps will succeed
where the knowledge of the
mature and the experienced
has thus far faltered?
Medical missionaries of ev-
cry faith. such as DR.. Albert
SchweitZer and the late DR..
Thomas E. Dooley. have de-
voted millions of dollars and
their lives in efforts to bring
to the unenlightened the
message of hope in the here
after and better, more
healthy. prosperous life in
the present.
How can we suppose that
any part Of the world de-
sires to be invaded by a
corps of American adolescents
whose mission seems to be
only to win friends and in
fluence people?
Furthermore, we have been
told publicly that these
youngsters will not be al
lowed to preach either re-
Evening star., 1961-03-30
Message Hit as Falling to Tackle
Task of Increasing Business Profits

grow worse, and, even if
there is a recovery period in
the next few months, it may
be followed soon by another
recession.
The trend of the times un-
fortunately is toward more
and more Govern e n t
spending for social welfare"
without paying much atten-
ton to the need for develop
ing an increasing revenue
from the normal sources of
taxation. Business and the
Government are partners in
the profit-making process. 1t
might be thought that the
Federal Government would
be much concerned about in
creaSing the receipts from its
So per cent tax on corpora
tions. This logically points to
the desirability of providing
promptly a stimulus for bus
inesS growth.
The other day when PreSi-
dent Kennedy spoke of in
creasing the minimum wage
from 81 to SIPS an hour, he
said he couldn't see why any
business making 81 million
a year or over" should object.
He was obviously mistaken
in his reference, which
should have been to gross
sales of that amount, but
his error started a line of
thought as to just how many
companies in this country do
make 81 million or over and
what profits are made by the
different classes of COM
panies-large and small.
1t turns out, for instance,
that in 1958-the latest year
for which figures are avail
able-there were only 1857
corporations making 81 mil
lion or more a year after
paying taxes, while there
were 607,274 corporations
making less than 81 million
a year. There were 379,25O
corporations which lost
money. The first group had
SIC billion left after taxes,
and the second group re-
tanned about SO billion. Thus
the total amount earned by
both groups after taxes was
about $24 billion. This is a
little more than enough to
pay half of Americas defense
budget today, which is grow
ing beyond $44 billion. So,
even If business earnings
were taxed 100 per cent,
Evening star., 1961-03-30
DAVID LAWRENCE

President Kennedy has
sent to Congress a message
on the budget that doesn't
come to grips with the real
problem Of the country-how
to increase profits so that
there1l be more tax receipts
for the Treasury.
Since the Federal Govern
ment is entitled to collect in
taxes SO per cent out of all
profits, it would seem that
any administration would be
working hard these days to
move profits upward. But all
the task forces" herea-
bouts-composed mostly of
some college professors who
regard an impetus to profits
as a forbidden, if not poison
Gus, Subject-haven't come
up with any plan to increase
Treasury receipts.
Plenty of words have been
issued on how to pep up the
economy by spending more
money for social welfare, +"
but the true causes of un-
employment-the failure to
provide tax incentives in
manufacturing industries -
have been largely ignored.
Job creation is the most
important subject before the
country today and, while a
Democratic Congress has
been in session nearly three
months. not a single bill has
been reported to either house
to encourage the normal pro-
cesses of job-making.
Yet 90 per cent of the la
Dor force is in manufactur-
ing = the biggest single
group. The unemployment
figures show that is million
Of the unemployed have been
laid off in manufacturing
businesses. While aid to de
pressed areas" and extension
Of unemployment compensa-
ton are desirable, they are
not a cure for the real all
ment-the failure of manu-
featuring to grow in volume
as it should. This is because
tax laws that apply to re-
placement and moderniza-
ton of plant and equipment
are antiquated and ineffec-
tive.
Unless the climate for bus
inesS development improves
generally. the prospect of
getting more receipts from
taxes for the Treasury will
The Robbins eagle. (Robbins, Ill.) 1951-1963, 1961-02-25

our most faithful members, the
president, Mrs. Catherine Mat
thews, who is confined in her
home with a bad foot. Our pres
ident has devoted her time and
effort to make this club what
it is today We all know of her
devotion to the sicks whether
they be members or not, and
her special treat to speed their
recovery, Cher apple cobbler
smile. We are all praying for
her speedy recovery.
Members, let's not fail to at
tend the meeting and lend your
support to the one in charge.
In no other way can you show
your president how much you
really appreciate her kind deeds
done on your behalf
The club wishes to thank Mrs.
O. Collins and family for the
splendid repast served at the
last meeting.
The Robbins eagle. (Robbins, Ill.) 1951-1963, 1961-02-25

and deed, is never earth-bound
or son-confined. His soul is full
OF whispered song. He has
melody for every mood.
When things go well with
him he sings The Morning
Song of the Lark" When ad-
versity hinders his flight he
carols THE Nightingales Song
in the Dark" He does not plod
his weary way through life, but
rises above disaster and des-
pair on wings of living faith.
Not so the man who dwells
in stys and drinks of earthly
pleasures, who never lifts his
eyes unto the hills for Divine
help. He cannot sing, but only
grunts at pleasure and squeals
at pain.
The tragedy of life is that
this one may lose his power of
flight and come again to grovel
on the ground.
I recall the fable of the old
man who sold worms to birds.
He demanded wing feather
for the worm. A certain bird
made the EXCHANGE dailv until
one day he could not lift him
oelf from the ground. In his
despair he dug some worms and
went back to exchange them
for his wings, but the old man
said mot So" MY business is
worms for wings, not wings for
worms"
Old Man Nature cannot give
you back your wings but a
young Gallilean of history and
eternity can, and he is called
The Robbins eagle. (Robbins, Ill.) 1951-1963, 1961-02-25
THE OUTLOOK
SKY OR STY-BOUND
By Pastor Stephens

A newspaperman who owns
his own plane took friend
on a flight to another city. 1t
was his friends first trip in
the air. He was delighted with
the experience.
When he al9hted from the
plane he exclaimed: "Now I
know why birds sing and pigs
grunt.' In othen words, it is
because birds ar slxy-free and
pigs are sty-bound.
The upper air gives vision, "a
sense. of power, Ct victory over
terrestrial things 1t is whe~n
songs are born.
The muck and n1ire of the
pig sty inspires no lyrical bel
lads. A swill filled through ellie
its nothing more than hoggish
grunts and squeals. The muck
and mire of the pig sty is the
valley of too much modern liv-
ing. We see the st. for what
it s when we rise above it and
swill of life.
The same is true of men who
entertain high ideals, aim at
high goals and soar the ether
cal blue in thought and word
The Robbins eagle. (Robbins, Ill.) 1951-1963, 1961-02-25

Jesus, Son of God and Son of
man. He only can restore the
years that the locusts have eat
en-" If you have never SCARED
the heights or if you have eX-
changed your wings for worms,
Jesus will give you back your
love Of the upper air, your pow
er Of flight, your heavenly Wis
ion and your celestial song.
Shall you be sky or sty-
bound?
The Robbins eagle. (Robbins, Ill.) 1951-1963, 1961-02-25
Neighbors e Friends
Club News

The Neighbors and Friends
Flower Club will hold their
regular meeting Sunday, Feb
ruary 26, 800 pm. at the home
of Mrs. Helen Sanford, 1857
S. Homan ave. The members
regret that the meeting will be
held without the presence of
The Robbins eagle. (Robbins, Ill.) 1951-1963, 1961-02-25

and deed, is never earth-bound
or son-confined. His soul is full
OF whispered song. He has a
melody for every mood.
Evening star., 1961-08-15
Departments Elaborate Briefings CoIIet
P1ntonime, Sitting to Reporters

reporters are at best under
wraps and in a situation like
the present are obliged to
mute their Illustrations.
There are plenty Of able
people at the department
who are no less irked by the
propaganda pantomime. Yet
somebody, somewhere, lacks
the nerve simply to call the
whole thing off and encour-
age the news media simply
to tell the truths which are
being brought home daily by
the somber news everywhere.
/, The. trouble is not that
much of what is said is
trite; many trite things are
true and important. 1t is
that it reflects the mood long
endemic here that the old
and best face must be put
on everything, including al
lied relations, the space race
and economic strains abroad.
Soviet weaknesses are anoth-
er favorite refrain.
Thus the American people
are constantly being sur
prised when things happen,
having been encouraged to
believe their own propaganda.
The Presidents silence, the
long conference patiently
pursued at the White House,
suggest that there is as yet
no Allied plan of action.
even symbolic action, in Ber-
lin. But it is not new that
the United States, even II
it were willing to use force
and take the risks to go with
it, would have a hard time
persuading its Allies to go
along.
What is in prospect is SIM
ply more Of the same-talk.
For it Is official that the
Allies do not believe Nikita
Khrushchev wants World
War III, as they do not, and
that they find little room for
maneuver in the Berlin Eitu-
alton.
It is neither surprising nor
undesirable that the State
Evening star., 1961-08-15

the executive secretary Of the
Maryland Delaware District Of
Columbia jewelers. Association
He lives at 2S13 Albemarle
street NV.
James C. Lucas, executive
vice president Of the RIA in
the Washington office, was re-
elected. Mr.. Lucas resides at
2001 Columbia pike, Arlington.
Evening star., 1961-08-15

BONN, Germany. - In q
conference room in one Of the
shabby "tempos" outside this
capital where many Of the
German services are located
! asked officials what Ger
many itself Is doing in view
Of the new billions we are now
spending for the free worlds
defenseS.
I pointed out that the Fed
eral Republic is, relatively
speaking, better off economi-
,cally and financially than we
are. Germany has an So.
billion gold reserve, q highly
prosperous industry and no
unemployment. We, on the
other hand, have dwindling
gold reserves and some five
million unemployed.
The answer was that Ger
many was doing all she was
permitted to do in keeping
with the still existing re-
strictions imposed on her by
her allies. At present she
has eight battle-ready divi-
sionS at 80 per cent strength;
three more will be ready
either late this year or early
in 1862. She is permitted
only IL divisions altogether.
Her air force is as effec-
tive as allowed under the
Lisbon agreements of nine
years ago when Germany
was accepted as a full
fledged member Of NATO.
The German navy with $4,000
men is highly efficient and
capable of fulfilling the role
assigned to her in the Baltic
by the NATO supreme
command. The biggest type
Of combat ships she has been
permitted to build were de-
stroyers not larger than $500
tons. This limit was rescind-
ed recently and the German
navy yards are building de-
stroyers diSplacing 5000 tons,
Shortage of skilled workers
in the Bremen and other
navy yards handicapped this
progress until q few months
ago. This was remedied
somewhat when orders to the
British shipyards on the
Clyde began to slacken. Hun
dreds of highly skilled Scot
tiSh workers have found
employment in the German
yards.
But" said one Of the gold
braided men in Bonn, I'VE
do not believe that Germany
alone, or France alone, or
even the powerful America
alone can meet the Red and
Evening star., 1961-08-15
DAVID LAWRENCE

IN EUROPE.-Sealing off,
for all practical purposes, the
eastern sector Of Germany
from West Berlin is a meas
ure Of desperation by Soviet
Premier Khrushchev, but it
really means that there now
Is less chance than before of
q shooting war between the
Soviet Union and the West
ern democracies.
For the new development
marks the beginning of a
protracted stalemate and,
for the time being anyway,
the question of Allied access
routes to West Berlin is not
likely to become acute. When
the Soviet government does
sign a separate peace treaty
with East Germany, a vague
promise will be given tc rec
ognize Allied rights in West
Berlin itself.
This Is a Soviet device to
maintain a kind of status
quo, so as to enable Moscow
to keep on arguing and ne
gotiating on legal rights in
definitely. Another parley
like the one over Laos or dis
misunderstanding over
many months-would not be
surprising now.
Mr.. Khrushchev doesn't
want war, but he does want
to build up the faltering
prestige Of the Communists
inside East Germany and in
the other satellite countries.
To understand what's 60
ing on. one has to learn what
Is being discussed behind the
Iron Curtain in some of the
CommunlSt-controlled coun-
tries other than the Soviet
Union. Diplomats accredited
to governments in Western
Europe from such countries
as Czechoslovakia, Poland,
Bulgaria and Romania talk
frankly to their colleagues
in private, of course-about
what worries them.
From some of these men
who, though Communist in
their ideology, talk sincerely
to their fellow diplomats
comes the following COM
posite expression:
Evening star., 1961-08-15
DORIS FLEESON

The State Department has
fallen in love with the idea
Of elaborate briefings about
the state of the world to
which newsmen here and
from all over the country are
summoned by personal invi-
tation Of the Secretary Of
State.
Their value was questioned
in some quarters even before
the misfortune of timing
which found enc being staged
while Soviet tanks were again
bristling at West Berlin from
the east side of the Branden-
burg gate. This is action
about which little can be
Said except by the President
Of the United States. 1t hardly
seems fair to put what
next?" questions to other
Government officials, even
the Secretary.
Yet a haunting air of ir-
relevance hangs over the
proceedings. The speakers
must be super-cautious. The
Evening star., 1961-08-15
Less Chance for War Over Berlin

some extent, this is an after
math Of World War II, but
the Communists are also con-
vinced that, fundamentally
the West has no sincere de-
sire to see the two parts Of
Germany consolidated.
Anxiety is particularly acute
in Poland, where it Is, feared
that the EaSt-West conflict
over Berlin can create new
problems In the economic as
well as political field. For
the Polish economy isn't in
good shape. Extra defense
expenditures would be a big
burden and would disturb
existing economic progress.
Also, 1t is argued that un-
due prominence, together
with an increase in influence,
has been given to East Ger
many's Communist leaders,
who, incidentally, are closer
to Stalinism than are the
Polish Marxists. The Poles,
therefore, are hoping for an
arrangement that would give
q shot in the arm to Poland.
This could come If Western
guarantees were obtained for
the retention Of the Oder
Neisse line as the Polish
German. boundary. Poland
would breathe easier if the
West-and not just the Soviet
Union. as at present-also
guaranteed this border.
Because of possible pre-
dominance Of a united Ger
many in an economic and
political sense in Europe,
these Communist diplomats
believe that it would be better
to keep Germany divided and
that the surest way to accom-
pliSh this would be by a
Western signature to a sep
arate peace treaty.
All this really points, on the
other hand, to the need of q
firmer stand in the West, so
as to bring about the reunifi-
cation Of Germany. It's the
Vests trump card. For the
debate itself on this issue not
only can keep East Germany
in a ferment, but it can keep
alive the hopes and aspi-
rations inside the Communist
satellite countries for even
tual freedom from Soviet
colonialism.
(CoypriEht, 196D
Evening star., 1961-08-15
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

Pravda's version: Communist gorieS inspiring
Khrushchev had to seal the borders to keep zeao from
rushing all over the world to tell people what they're missing
Secretary of State Rusk permanent disarmament
agency would be housed in Washngton newest building
complete with blasproof walls bomb shelter and tunnel to
the draft board.
East German conversations: Henrich-"I hear Com
munist production is off, KarYou kidding? What other
system could produce much barbed wire overnight"
Newest thing in race relations is the sit-ou That's
when both stay outside the restaurant and argue about
who'll risk the food first
Communism Surges ahead again. It's far in front
Of the West in the number of people who want to away
from it,
In the spirit Of the game baseball fans wife reports
he has failed to complete 432 cards sat behind lit
steel grders almost caught AZ foul balls consumed
a lifetime average Of SO hot dogs per game
Evening star., 1961-08-15

Time to Drop State News PorIeys

Department would like to i'm
prove its press. It has often
been pointed out that unlike
its sister departments it has
no special constituency with
a trained army Of lobbyists
who can be called out when
need arises.
Perhaps the notion behind
the briefing system is that
the communications media
can be mobilized into come
such battalion. Maybe it can
to some degree consistent
with a free press but it will
not be by re-hash, precept
and tedium.
It is the belief Of aStute
Senators that no Kennedy
Cabinet member has yet dug
deeply enough into the en-
trenched bureaucracy he
found in his department ex-
cept one. Postmaster General
Days performance at the
Post office is much admired,
even though Congress de-
clines to give him concrete
reward in increased postal
rates to cover his deficits.
Such pruning is not easy
to do and it is an old custom
of departing administrations
to blanket its people into
civil service. But the ranks of
those who prepare the posi-
ton papers are the true
source Of policy as Washing
ton veterans all know.
Evening star., 1961-08-15
Reds Action in Sealing city's Border
Called Stort of Protructed StoIemute

THE issue is not West
Berlin, itself. The existence
Of the Communist state in
East Germany is at stake.
We are all affected. The
German Communists have
been unable to consolidate
their position in East Ger
many. Berlin remains the
center of Western propa-
ganda, political activity and
espionage. The psychological
effects of what's going on in
this Western island in the
midst of a Communist state
are growing in Importance.
Also, East Germany is begin
ming to suffer from a con-
tinuouS loss of manpower.
All this could eventually lead
to the collapse of the East
German economic and poll
tical system. This has been
pointed out to us again and
again by the Communists of
East Germany as they have
called for help.
"The Soviet Union is will
ing to help out on this
whole situation, but we do
not believe Moscow will take
unwise risks II and certainly
will not risk war Just be-
cause Of the Berlin issue.
That's why the Soviet leaders
want a compromise of some
kind provided the threat
against the East German
regime can somehow be re-
duced. That's why a separate
peace treaty is so important.
For the present balance of
power in Europe could not
be maintained if the Soviet
Union should lose control Of
East Germany. Repercussions
in Poland and CZechoslovakia
would inevitably ensue. So
it's a matter of prestige and
security for the Communist
Party and the Soviet Union
that Soviet power shall ex-
tend to the Elbe River"
The same sources point out
that neither Poland nor the
Soviet Union wants to see
Germany reunited. In both
countries, there is a genuine
fear of a strong Germany. To
Evening star., 1961-08-15
CONSTANTINE BROWN - III
= u. S. Role in European Union

many was overcrowded and
did not have enough facili-
ties for her new forces on
German sod. This is only
partially true. The idea be-
hind all these military qua
drilles' is that men in the
West European army must
learn in a practical, not the
oretical, manner that they
belong to the same armies
that is, the armies of the
free world. They maintain
their national uniforms,
their national flags and his
torical inSignias. But, if they
have to fight again they
must realize that they are
not fighting for only one
patch of land but for the
whole of free Europe"
"All the reports we are re-
ceiving," continued my gold
braided friend who fought in
the last war against the
French. British and Ameri-
cans, "show that our Ger
man boys are as warmly re-
ceived by their former enc
mics as the members Of the
NATO forces stationed in
Germany are being received
by the Germans. This despite
the efforts of some trouble
makers who continue to de-
nounce German militarism
and are urging the popula-
tions to be hostile to our
men.
"A short while ago you
said something about our
great prosperity. 1t is true.
We are prosperous. And so
are the French and Italians.
But all that, including cur
freedom, will go up in smoke
and we will lose everything
unless we stick together-no
longer in a loose political
alliance contrived by schem-
ing politicians to suit some
immediate temporary pur-
poses, but in an honest unity
of all the people who live on
this continent. 80
II know your country well
by now. And 1 feel that If
we Europeans do get to-
gether, you will eventually
join us. And only when that
happens will the strains and
tensions which are worrying
us these days be ended"
Evening star., 1961-08-15
Germans See o>MiIitory Consolidation
OF Free West Needed Against Soviet

se0ed A9oInSr SOVIET
Yellow menace. Britain has
finally understood this. Her
joining the continental COM
plex is not prompted only by
economic considerations. We
must complement each other
and use our common re-
sources with a united pur-
pose. We have come to the
conclusion that we are facing
a long international crisis
caused by, the different polit-
ical concepts of the free and
totalitsrian worlds. There
can be no reconciliation be-
tween the two concepts for
the simple reason that they
are not reconcilable. The
Berlin crisis will blow over
without anything definite
being achieved. Then another
will come, then another and
another.
Under these circum-
stances the only hope for
salvation is the European
Union-without loss of SOW
ereignty to any of its mem
bers. And eventually the ad-
herence of the United States
to this group which can be
the most powerful in the
world. Steps are being taken
toward that European goal
by far-seeing political men
such as De Gaulle, Adenauer
and, in more recent days,
Harold Macmillan.
II am not referring only
to the Common Market and
its affiliated organizations
which are of paramount eco
nomic Importance. I am re-
ferring to the military con-
solidation of the free
Western world.
who would have thought
10 years ago that German
infantry and panzer units
would receive their training
in France, in Britain and
other countries which fought
and defeated us? Who would
have. thought that German
naval officers would receive
their submarine training in
Britain? Or that Italian air
force cadets would be trained
with their German comrades
in Munich? German sea ca
diets (midshipmen embark
every year on the French
training cruiser Jeanne dare
and are going on cruises with
the French naval cadets,
doing chores and duties as If
they belonged to the same
navy.
1T was said when these
exchanges began that Ger