davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-12-17
By LOUIS WIZNITZER


NEW YORK The word for Po-
land, 1861, is "outspokenness."
have just returned from an
extended trip through that coun-
try. and I was astounded by the
way in which Poles have man
aged to keep their traditional and
fortnight views on liberty and
democracy alive during II years
OF Communist rule.
During my conversations with
Polish friends. I found my own
political views often further to
the left than those of my COM
panionS.
They made no bones about
their criticism of the Soviet Un-
ion, their dislike for their own
Red bosses. and their friendship
for the West.
The Poles are remarkably we'll
informed on world politics. Most
of the people I talked to knew
exactly. for instance, how many
nuclear tests the Soviet Union
had conducted in the atmosphere.
They knew-and condemned-the
dangers of radioactive fallout thus
created. Many admitted freely
that they listen to Western news
broadcasts.
Poland does not Jam" radio
beams from Western Europe or
the United States. But even more
surprising is the fact that Rus
sia and Czechoslovakia frequently
jam" broadcasts emanating from
Poland.
Other impressions confirmed
the startling difference between
Poland. Red China and Russia,
where I had travelled short while
before.
hardly believed my eyes when
while passing a book store-I
found myself confronted by two
large portraits of the President
and Mrs. Kennedy.
Western newspapers are readily
available in Polish cities, ranging
from the French conservative lie
Monde" to such American news
papers as the European editions
of the New York Times" and
the New York Herald Tribune"
Even Time" magazine was avail
able. In Moscow, for instance, only
French and Italian Communist
newspapers are available. Poland'S
leading paper "Tribuna Ludu" is
Evening star., 1961-12-17

senior Wet Namese lawyer, first
in Saigon and later in Hanoi. He
served as vice president of the
Grand Council for Economic and
Financial Interests of Indo- China
in 1898, was a member Of the
o-Chinese federal council in
1910, and in 1945. just before the
Wet Mini revolted, he became
minister Of foreign affairs and
vice president of the ministerial
cabinet.
Served os q Judge
He later withdrew from political
life. practicing law in the French
language, but in February. 1858,
accepted the major judicial posts
of judge at the Franco-Viet Nam
ese Court Of Cessation and the
Franco-Viet Namese Council of
State. two agencies corresponding
to the United States Supreme
Court.
His political retirement ended
when he became minister of state
in the nationalist government
formed in 1854 by Premier Ngo
Dinh Diem.
Evening star., 1961-12-17
Reaction

Negroes and integrationists in
the South generally hailed last
Mondays decision. The Congress
of Racial Equality. for example,
called it of historic importance"
and saw in it "the dawn of a
new day of equality"
On the other hand, Southern
officials, including the attor-
neys general of several States,
voiced the opinion that the
decision means that each sit-in
case would stand on it's own
merits, that the so-called sit
in laws" have not been declared
unconstitutional and, therefore,
are still valid.
The Supreme Court, Of course,
as traditional practice, does not
come to the broad constitutional
questions sof a case unless it has
to. Whether it will soon rule on
the constitutionality of the anti
sit-in laws is anybody's guess.
Whether they would prefer to let
time and social change take care
of the issue, as suggested by some,
is not clear.
But certainly change is taking
place in the South. On the same
day the court announced its de-
cision in the Louisiana cases,
the Columbus, Ga, Chamber of
Commerce announced that a num-
ber of downtown lunch-counters
would be desegregated, voluntarily,
early next year.
Evening star., 1961-12-17
Life in Poland Surprises Visitor
By Air of Comparative Freedom

banned from Kremlin newsstands.
Visitors to Red China, even to
Peiping. usually find themselves
in bed at 9 pm, for lack Of any
thing to do. In Moscow, I found
dancing to jazz and heavy drink
ing which extended until l am.
But in Warsaw it was cool jazz,
charm. and late evenings which
lasted into the wee hours.
Polish women, who, like the
men, have retained their liking
for the French mode Of living,
have added an almost Scandi-
navian touch of independence to
their standards.
Another marked contrast to the
regimentation of life behind the
Iron Curtain is the absolute
freedom of movement I found in
Poland. While in China, couldn't
even arrange taxi transportation
without previous police clearance.
In Soviet Russia, the "Intourist"
travel agency makes all arrange
ments for visitors, including ho-
tells and all transportation. But
in Warsaw you simply arrive,
check into a hotel, and come and
go as you please. No police con-
sent is necessary. You don't even
have to check with "Orbis," the
Polish version of Intourist. If you
want to 60 anywhere by rail. bus
or plane. you simply buy your
ticket.
There are plenty Of cabs avail
able. You can also find prosti-
tutes and beggars in the streets,
both Of which are regarded as
capitalist decadence"- therefore
persecuted-in Russia and China.
The Poles I met were eager to
have me as their guest at home,
something that is out of the ques-
ton in Leningrad or Moscow.
Western Goods AvoiIobIe
One of the most unusual fea-
lures about Poland today is the
fact that you can buy American
ana West European goods in the
free market. The government op-
crates special stores, where Polish
citizens can sell goods they re-
ceive from friends in the West.
The state adds a modest COM
mission. But it is possible to buy
American cigarettes, British
sweaters. Italian shoes there. all
brand new, though not always in
the desired sizes.
This availability Of Western
consumer goods provides Poles
with a comparison Of living stand
ards, and does not fail to modify
the effect of communism. 1t has
changed the mood" of the at
mosphere. Warsaw is easier to
compare to Paris or Rome, than
to Moscow or Peking. Foreigners
do not inspire hatred. as in
China, or curiosity, like in Rus
sia. They are simply taken for
granted.
The Poles feel that they don't
Evening star., 1961-12-17

to prosecute those who refuse to
leave his premises.
The first sit-in cases reached
the Supreme Court some months
ago. They involved the convictions
of 16 Negro college students who
had been arrested in March, 1860
in Baton Rouge, La, after they
sought service at three different
lunch counters. The charge was
breach of the peace.
There had been some expecta-
tions that the court would rule
on the constitutionality of the
breach-of-peace laws under which
arrests of sit-in demonstrators
also have been made in Florida,
Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky
and Texas. alabama, Georgia,
Mississippi, North Carolina, South
Carolina and Maryland have used
antitrespass laws as the basis for
similar arreStS.)
Evening star., 1961-12-17
The National Scene

kinds Of civil defense activities
where such sharing will stimulate
State and local and private activi-
ties; and. fourth. to provide tech
nical assistance through State and
local channels for civil defense
planning and activity"
Evening star., 1961-12-17
By ALAN EMORY
Contributing Writer

If the world is ever going TO
get a look at Tran van Chuong's
history of Wet Nam since World
War II, it must wait for one more
chapter to be written. But that
lone remaining chapter seems des-
tined never to be completed until
after the Ambassador finishes his
tour Of duty in Washington.
Ambassador Chuong has been
in the United States as his coun-
try's envoy for more than seven
years now, and he has not yet
taken vacation. AS matter of
fact, 1t takes the press OF out
of-town speaking invitations to
force him out Of his office.
The silver-haired, soft-voiced
envoy, whose fluency in three Ian
guages-French, English and Wet
Namese makes him a valued
member of the diplomatic corps
here, keeps a careful eye on the
United Nations, too. His wife is
the country's permanent observer
at the U. NJ. a special status be-
cause Wet Nam is divided, with
the northern half Communist, the
southern half free.
Mr.. Chuong's embattled home
land is front-page news all over
the world now because of Com
munist guerrilla invasions and in
creased aid pledges by the United
States.
The envoy feels that Americans
are taking more of an interest
in Southeast Asia, but their at
tention is still concentrated on
Europe.
You have to cover your head
and heart" he conceded in an
interview, but you have to cover
your flank, too"
His First Post os Envoy
Washington is the 63-year-old
officials first ambassadorial post,
though he served as adviser to
Wet nam delegation to the 1854
Geneva conference that led to the
partitioning of his nation.
The division produced a major
wrench for his family, since all
had resided and conducted their
careers in Hanoi, which is now in
Communist hands. The Ambassa-
dor is one Of 20 children of a
famous family in his country. All
are now in South Wet Nam,
brother serving as a Supreme
Court justice and a brother-in-
law as chief Of protocol. Most are
lawyers and doctors.
The family actually has its roots
in the southern half of the coun-
try, but many branches moved
north. Ambassador Chuong was
born in Phu Ly, in North Wet
Nam. yet spent his youth and
conducted his studies in Algiers
and France. He received his law
doctorate in Paris in 1922.
For many years he was the
Evening star., 1961-12-17
The Decision

But last Monday. the court
announced its decision in the
first three sit-in cases dnvolving
the l6 Negroes) and, in reaching
it, took the straightest and mar
rowest road. Foregoing the op-
portunity of ruling on the broader
constitutional issues, it reversed
the convictions on the ground
that there was a lack of evidence
that the behaviour of the stu
dents had disturbed the peace.
The court really decided, there
fore, only the three cases before
it. The decision, however, doubt
less will influence the judgment of
State courts and prosecutors in
their own consideration of valid
evidence in such "breach-of- the
peace" cases.
No "sit-in" cases involving anti
treSpass laws have been accepted
by the high tribunal although
several appeals, including one
case involving the arrest of "a
demonstrators in Richmond, have
been made.
Evening star., 1961-12-17
Continued From Page B.

Continued From Page B-1
spur economic growth and we'll
being.
The Democratic Party is
heavily dependent upon labor sup
port. The present clash of atti-
tudes on wage demands, with its
potent political and economic over
tones, could, therefore, cause con-
Germ at the White House on a
number of fronts.
Evening star., 1961-12-17

to keep the Teamsters Union and
its president, James r. Hoffa, in
the role of outcasts.
Evening star., 1961-12-17

No other country behind the
Iron Curtain has preserved SO
much Of its Western outlook as
Poland. The author, a Brazilian
newSpaperman, was welcomed
there as the representative of
a country with which the Red
world would like to establish
better relations. The article de-
scribes the startling contrast
between Poland and the two
giants Of the Communist world,
both of which he visited-Red
China and the Soviet Union.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-04-25
Letters to the Sentinel

are forced out at the point of
gun or dealt out at the confer
ence table we have lost all abil-
ity to deal wisely or well with
the people, and have, there
fore lost the cold war in that
country. l am not concerned
that President Kennedy has
not yet solved the Laotian
problem. But l am very much
concerned that the conference
table route he is pursuing will
slide little Laos under the
Bamboo Curtain.
Mr.. Khrushchev is nothing
if not realist. He fatty stat
ed to columnist Walter Lipp-
man last week that, in his
opinion, there is no such
thing as a neutral man.. If
this is the view of the people
with whom we will attempt to
set up a truly neutral" Laos,
and governments are, after
all, made up of men, how can
we avoid a communist Laos
under Mr.. Kennedy's proposed
solution?
David Soul
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-04-25
By The Way

Last summer Senator Kenne-
dy repeatedly said that he was
willing to let the presidential
campaign be decided on the is
sue of American prestige in the
world. 1t was his contention
that world opinion of this coun-
try had never been lower and he
clamored for release of USIA
polls to prove the point. Avail
ability of this information he
asserted, fell clearly in the prov
ince of the American peoples
fright to know. The only
thing that he could not possibly
foresee was that in his own
"first hundred days" the bottom
would almost literally drop out
of the. American prestige mar
ket.
While the new USI.A Director,
Ed Morrow, can be counted on
not even to undertake, let alone
release, any such poll at this
time, there seems to be a con-
census of opinion in news media
circles that this may be our
darkest hour to date. One as
pect of this falling away that
has not been sufficiently noted
is the fact that much of the dis
satisfaction is at cross purposes.
Some say Kennedy is being dan
gerously militant in both Cuba
and Laos, others are alarmed
that while he is talking tough,
Kennedy is being backed down
in every major encounter with
Khrushchev.
Timid, highly Intellectual, pa
cifists, at home and abroad, are
mortified by much of the visible
reaction to firm talk. Rocket
rafting and "push.button" dem
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-04-25
By The Way
Words and Deeds
BY David Scull

cause of freedom will soon be
bankrupt.
We have said in ringing terms
that we will not sit idly by to
watch little Laos slip beneath
the Bamboo Curtain. 1t is hap
pening, as this is written.
We have announced that we
will not permit international
communism to threaten our Sc
curity by intervention in Cuba.
Czechoslovakian trained pilots
are now winging their way
home to uncrate Russian MIG
jet-fighters now lying Grated on
the docks at Havana.
1t is said that President Ken
needy has a sense of history.
1t is evident to everyone living
today that history is being writ
ten bold in the headlines of
every morning newspaper. We
will close with President Kenne-
dy's own campaign statement
II am tired of reading about
what Mr.. Khrushchev is doing,
/ want to read about what the
President Of the United States
is doing"
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-04-25

A letter from one of your
readers, published April 20
makes two points about the
Laotian crisis and asks for fur
Their comment. Mr.. Kimble
states that the cold war can
not be won by military means
alone, quoting in support a
veteran jungle fighter as fol
lows 1--WE cannot win with
arms, but by dealing wisely
and well with the people" His
second point is that it is UNI
fair to criticize President Ken
needy for failing to solve the
Laos problem in two and one
half months when the previous
administration couldn't solve
the same problem in a period
of years"
Specifically one would have
to concede the merit of each
point. However, it must be OBJ
vious that ito deal wisely and
well with the people" it is ne
cessary to be on the ground in
the country concerned. If we
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-04-25

constructions against our embas-
sizes throughout the world seem
to them to be a world wide hos
tile reaction to our policies.
Even, neutralist idol of the UN,
Nehru denounces American 'in-
PREVENTION" in Cuba. Ut should
be remembered that this is the
same ''neutralist" who never let
out peep over Hungarian bru-
talities or the slaughter of 90
100000 recalcitrants in Red
China.)
On the other end are those
who applaud President Kenne.
dy's rhetoric and historic state
ments of Americas determine
ton to win the cold war but are
aghast to watch our threats ig-
nored on both sides of the
world, and to see the chilling ef-
feet of Russian counter-threats
on our allies, many neutral
lists, and a segment of Ameri.
can opinion makers.
The most heartening thing to
occur in this bleak period is
the Declaration of War" con-,
tanned in the Presidents speech
to a gathering of newspaper
editors in Washington. 1t would
not be possible to write or read
such a speech without a
thought-through conviction as
to its contents. Here is a prom
Use to the free world that Amer
lea will fight to destroy and roll
back international communism
using every means necessary. 1t
must now be supplemented, and
promptly. Words are important,
as Churchill's career has dem
nostrated, but matching deeds
cannot be far behind, or the
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-04-25
All Thot Is Asked

In light of the fact that the prepared re-
port of the Physical Education Department of the
School Board has been found to be in error and the
wrong impression given at called press conference,
it would wise for the School Board the Supern-
tendent and the Physical Education Department to
view and revaluate the of trampolnes and mini
allure trampoines as a compulsory part of the phys
ical education program.
thorough search of school records has revealed
that there have been during this present school year
up to April 18, AZ accidents the trampones and 80
on the miniature trampolines. The Superintendent
office knew of only % the trampone and Ia on the
miniature trampolne.
Many of these accidents were extremely serious
and many of them have caused permanent damage to
the student
Perhaps the Physical Education Department the
Superintendent and the School Board honestly believe
"the teaching of trampoine skls contributes much to
the fument of physical education detectives on the
secondary school levels and that trampoines need not
be dangerous activity when the necessary safety pre-
cautions are prescribed and followed" But we are of
the opinion that the seriousness of the accidents and
the great number of them in comparison with other
gym activities has not been realized by the Physical
Education Department, the Superintendent or the
pete and accurate report They have been all too will
ing to treat the situation lightly.
This business of the trampones is just another
example of the chief fault of the present School Board
administration It has always been difficult to get
curate and straightforward information on public
matters. 1t is almost if system of roadblocks has
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-04-25

been set up by the present administration to keep in
formation from getting out However, in this case it
seems that the lack of information due to poor
system of record keeping 1t took private citizen
hours of digging to get the right and the COM
plete picture.
1t is admitted that many young people like and
enjoy the few minutes they spend on the trampolne
and miniature rampolne And if the parents of these
children want to the risk involved that is there
business. But under circumstances should child
be compelled to use them. Some kids just aren't
equipped mentally physically for this type of actv
ty any more than have the talent for football.
All that is asked at this time is for the Physical
Education Department, the Superintendent of Schools
and the School Board to give this matter of compulsory
of the trampolines serious and objective consid
Grafton with view of making few changes.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-04-25
Gallery Tour Set

Seventh grade art students
from Leland Junior High School
will tour the National Art Cal
lery tomorrow at 10 am. Their
comments will be recorded by
the Voice of America for broad
casts in foreign countries. Mrs.
Shirley r. Dean, art teacher at
Leland, win accompany them.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-04-25

LOCAL THESPIAN-Michael
]. Reynolds, Silver Spring
freshman at Dartmouth Col
lege, Hanover, NH, will play
a leading role in the Dart
mouth Players Hamlet"
Reynolds is the son of Mrs.
jeanette Reynolds, 1903 East
West hwy.
Evening star., 1961-01-19
IRIS Rocket
Fails After
2 Successes
By the Associated Press

An IRIS rocket new
single = stage. solid propellant
research vehicle - apparently
failed in a flight test today
after two previous successes,
the Civilian Space Agency re-
ported.
The Goddard Space Flight
Center Of the National Aero
nautics and Space Admins
tration said an IRIS was
launched at 7:42 am. from
NASA's Wallops Island (va.)
station but apparently had diff
ficulties So seconds after lift
off. Radar reports indicated
1t attained an altitude Of only
86 miles instead of the in
tended 160.
1t carried q 100-pound pay
load Of instruments designed
to gather and transmit data
on the rockets flight perform
ance.
The IRIS Is one Of a number
OF sounding" rockets designed
to make relatively quick studies
OF atmospheric and space con-
ditions to supplement similar
type studies made by orbiting
satellites or deep-space probes.
A sounding rocket goes up and
then arches down after a brief
flight, instead Of attempting
to loft a payload into orbit.
Evening star., 1961-01-19
Protestant GrouPAssoi|s
SDeIImon on School Aid

nomic compulsion If it denied
Federal funds to Catholic
schools" was wrong.
Actually the Government
would be guilty Of coercion and
discrimination If it compelled
the 140 million non-Catholic
people Of the United States to
pay for schools which are
maintained primarily to pro-
mote the doctrines of one
church. !. The Catholic peo-
pie Of the United States have
been offered free access to the
schools Of all the people with
out religious discrimination. If
they choose under the pressure
of their bishops to decline this
invitation. they should not ask
the taxpayers to pay the bill
for their own separatism."
The statement concluded by
asserting the organization was
mot opposed to Federal aid
to education but we believe
that the wall Of separation be-
tween church and state should
be preserved in all aid pro-
grams"
Evening star., 1961-01-19
Russians Churoe
U. S. Hurossed
d More Red Ships

MOSCOW. Jan. 10 (AP).-
The Russians claimed today
that American warships or
planes harassed four more of
their merchant vessels in the
Atlantic Ocean and the Red
and China Seas in the past
four days.
Tass, the Soviet news agency,
listed these incidents:
January 1.-two amphib-
ians "piratically buzzed" the
Dubossary in the Atlantic.
January ia United States
plane circled three times at
400 feet over the Latvia in the
China Sea. January 1.-THE
destroyer 692 (Allen M. Sum-
mer) came close to the Fry
azino in the Red Sea and
asked the ships name. Janu-
ary 18-The same destroyer,
with its guns trained, maneu-
vered for IS minutes near the
tanker IZyaslav in the Red Sea.