davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-10-30
The Whoopers Are Back

Wildlife conServationiStS will be
glad to know that 80 of the 36 whooping
cranes which flew to Canada last
spring from the Federal refuge on the
Texas coast are back at their winter
quarters-but they will be happier
when, or if, the missing six birds arrive.
For the migrations of these last re-
naming members of what once was a
far-ranging flock of the whoopers are
more closely watched by public and
private bird enthusiasts than any other
migratory species. Nor is any bird more
carefully protected in what has become
a hemisphere effort to prevent its
threatened extinction.
When the United States Fish and
Wildlife Service and Canadian agencies
began in the winter Of 1938-39 their
counts of the annual migrations of the
huge birdS-the largest and rareSt on
this continent-there were only IA of
the cranes spotted. Through the CO.
operative efforts of governmental and
private conservation authorities in both
this country and Canada, this small
flock was nurtured at its nesting places
and Safeguarded on its flights between
its summer nesting grounds in the
Saskatchewan wilderness to the Arkansas
Wildlife Refuge in Texas. And each
year there has been slow but never
theleSS encouraging increase in the
census count until last years peak of
36 birds was reached. Since that count
Canadian officials have reported seeing
four baby cranes at the nesting grounds
So there is hope that the whooper
population at the Arkansas sanctuary
eventually will register about 40, despite
the return of only 80 birds so far. There
is still plenty of time for stragglers to
fly in before severe winter weather
arrives. Some of the cranes have been
known to reach AranSaS late in Decem-
ber. If as many as 40 of the big birds
should arrive there this fall, the
whooper counters will have something
to whoop about.
Evening star., 1961-10-30

@. How old is the Christmas
custom of erecting a manger
scene in churches and homes?
H. K.
A. The custom is said to
go back to the year 1928,
when st. Francis of Assist
first decorated a stable at
Christmastime with the main
scenes of the Nativity and
used the stable as a place
to hold services until the end
of the holy season.
@. Why were theater passes
named for Annie Oakley, the
famous woman shot? IS.
Med.
A. There are many versions
of the story. One is that dur
ing her act with the Buffalo
Bill show, Annie Oakley
would gallop around the
arena on a white horse and
shoot at cards that were
tossed in the air by Buffalo
Bill. Any punctured cards
that fell on the audience
could be turned in at the box
office for a refund on the ad-
mission price.
Evening star., 1961-10-30
Human Riqhts'

United Nations hackers
have extensively propagan-
died the Declaration of
Human Rights" as a U. N.
treaty for our Senate to
ratify without fail. Millions
of copies have been spread
among church people. civic
groups, and institutions of
learning, in this campaign.
Yet the real document to
be approved, and made the
law of the land, Is not the
Declaration Of Human
Rights" but the Covenant
of Human Rights" which
clandeStinely rewrites and
would destroy three Of our
great liberties: Freedom Of
speech, press. and religion.
Freedom to manifest ones
religion or beliefs may be
subject to such limitations
as are prescribed by law and
are necessary" says Article
Is, section 3 of the
covenant. And free express
sion is abrogated by Article
Is, section 3 which states
that the exercise Of the
right may "be subject to
certain restrictions" that
"are provided by law and
are necessary"
When you hedge-in, re-
strain, and circumvent these
Evening star., 1961-10-30
student, entitled, Why
America Slept"
Reginald p. Kennard, jr.
Photo Finish

In the real estate section
on October 81. you published
an article "Belair Gets First
Families" You mentioned
that one Mr.. and Mrs. Frank
Crowne were the projects
first residents. I must differ
as to your reporters inter-
probation Of the facts. 1t so
happens that my family re-
ceived title and keys first on
October II, 1861, at 8 am.
Immediately after settlement
we went to our new home and
opened 1t up. moving in
clothes, etc., which we had
transported in our car. Mr..
and Mrs. Crowne did not set
tie until 9:45 that day, did
not take ownership until aft
er that time and, therefore,
could not get their keys until
approximately one hour after
us. True, their moving van
was at Belair before ours but
we were residents" first in
the community.
This may seem trivial to
you but we were proud to
be the first family in BEL
air" and we did not want the
facts distorted.
Edward T. COnrOy.
Evening star., 1961-10-30
VSTAS IN SCIENCE
Navy Computing Earth S Real Shope
By THOMAS R. HENRY

Inc real shape OF the earth
now is being computed by
Navy photographers.
For the first time, with nu-
clear submarines like the Tri-
ton, which can cruise near
the bottom almost indefinite
ly, it now is possible to meas
ure continuously minute var
iationS of the pull Of gravity
on the sea floors. Hitherto
such measurements, taken
from surface ships, have been
relatively sparse and far
apart. A continuous record
everywhere is necessary to
determine the deviations of
mans planet from the per-
feet oblate spheroid, as it is
described in textbooks.
Data Necessary
To-day" says a Navy re-
port, "the exact shape of the
earth must be known to di-
rect our missiles, satellites
and inertial guidance sys-
TENS. The photographic Of
flee is charged with the re-
sponsibility for obtaining the
gravimetric data required in
the ocean areas and develop
ing or acquiring the instru
ments necessary.
From 1923 to 1856 an in
strument called the Vening-
Meinesz pendulum was the
only instrument available for
obtaining gravimetric meas
urements at sea. This was
completely inadequate for the
immense task Of taking large
gravimetric surveys of the
oceans.
Nov an improved subma-
rine gravity meter has been
developed. 1t now is possible
to obtain continuous gravity
profiles aboard either subma-
rines or surface ships. To
date this type Of meter is the
only one in the world capable
Of obtaining accurate gravi-
metric data under varying
degrees Of motion at sea
without using a stable plat
form. The ships motions are
transmitted to the meter
where they are indiStinguish-
able from the motions pro-
duced by gravity variations.
Hence they must be moni-
tored and applied to the
observed gravity. This is
accomplished automatically
through the use of very Sensi-
tive accelerometers."
The gravity meter, the re-
port states, can be used in
other ways that are directly
applicable to problems of the
modern submarine. 1t can be
used, for instance, as a nav
igation instrument when a
ship is traversing a previous
ly surveyed area, since the
gravimetric features of the
earth are probably more
Evening star., 1961-10-30
Clearly Compelled

IN his address to the national con-
vention of Sigma Delta Chi, the Jour-
naliSm fraternity, Governor Rockefeller
OF New York has spoken out with elo-
quent common sense in favor of having
the United States resume atmospheric
nuclear experiments as quickly as pos
sible. AS potential candidate for the
Republican presidential nomination in
1864, he thus has added powerfully to
the, steadily growing bipartisan chorus
that has been calling for such action
ever since September /, when the Rus
SLAMS shattered the testing moratorium
with their ominously numerous series of
detenationS in the very high megaton
Fange-a series climaxed today with a
Super-monStrouS blast preliminarily
estimated to have been the equivalent
of from so to rs millions tons of ex-
ploding TINT.
Warning that these detonations are
Igrimly designed to enable the Soviet
Union to leave us far behind in the
nuclear and thermonuclear field, Mr.
Rockefeller has bluntly, and rightly,
asserted that a development of that
sort would pave the way for eventual
Communist conquest and enSlavement
Of the free world. And he has gone on
to add that we must do whatever is
necessary to prevent "any such diSas-
ter"-deSpite the fact that "the deci-
S1onS and actions required of us may
not be acclaimed by world opinion of
the moment or by plaudits of so-called
neutraliSt nations. 1t is one thing for
America to be conScientiously concerned
with the views of neutraliSt nations. 1t
would be quite different and prepos-
ferrous thing for America to start be-
having like one"
Well said Also we'll spoken are
these other words of the Governor:
There is no such thing as Republican
or a Democratic struggle for freedom
and peace in the world. There is and
can be only an American struggle"
And to carry it out successfully, to "as-
sure the Sufficiency of our own weap-
onS" in view of what the Russians have
been doing in recent weeks, I'VE are
now clearly compelled to conduct our
own nuclear tests" in every medium,
including the earth'S atmosphere, es-
sential to the effectiveness of such ex-
perimentation. The soundness of this
view has been thoroughly confirmed by
Nikita KhruShchev'S weekend boast to
the 22nd Congress of the Soviet Com
munist Party-a boast declaring that
the USSR has already achieved "in-
disputable superiority" over us in both
rockets and nuclear arms.
There is some reason to doubt that
the ebullient Soviet Premier has been
quite accurate or truthful in making
this claim. Still, what he has said is
not to be laughed off. On the contrary,
as Mr.. Rockefeller has suggested, Mr..
*. should be taken very seriously-at
least to the extent of being answered
with an American nuclear- testing pro-
gram of whatever magnitude may be
deemed imperative by our experts.
President Kennedy, Secretary of State
Rusk and Adlai Stevenson, our chief
delegate to the U. NJ, have already
served notice on the world that such
action may be undertaken at any mo-
ment. The sooner the better, in our
opinion.
Evening star., 1961-10-30

unique than typographical
features.
Furthermore" says the re-
port, "the gravity meter not
only is sufficiently accurate
in repeatability to repro
duce gravimetric features but
also can easily detect changes
in the proximity and density
of the underlying material.
This meter could also pro-
vide an added safety factor
in silent, submerged sailing,
since it can paSSively note
unusual departures from re-
gional normal bottom condi-
tons, such as sea mounts
and submarine ridges.
Gravity Profile Recorded
"The first continuous
round-the-world gravity pro-
file was recorded from a sub
merged platform during the
recent cruise of the Triton.
The track passed over many
areas of unusual geological
interest. For instance, while
ira sitting the Marianas
Trench, a definite volcanic
underlying structure was in
dicated. Although such infor-
nation is of considerable in
terest to the marine geologist
or geophysicist. the data are
of even greater significance
to Submariners, because such
radical departures from grav-
metric norms have a marked
effect on guidance systems"
Evening star., 1961-10-30
Case of the Reinstuted Letter Carrier

Your editorial titled, "Mr.
Days Surrender" ends with
the assumption, that he be-
lieves his own statement" on
the Law case. Mr.. Day could
not possibly believe that the
hearing board recommended
a strong reprimand for Mr..
Law.
Here is an excerpt from the
boards own summary of its
consideration Of this case:
81. there was sufficient
reason to believe that an ef-
fort was being made to get
sufficient evidence Of viola
tions Of postal rules and regu-
lations by Mr.. Law to war
rant his removal"
The two charges on which
the board divided two to one
in Mr.. Laws favor were (a)
he expanded his mail count
so that he could obtain more
time "to loiter on his route"
and (b) on four occasions he
left his route on his lunch
hour without notifying the
local post office. The lunch
hour charge was the only
charge on which the board
said that Mr.. Law should be
reprimanded. The representa-
tive of the regional office
said he thought that this
charge and the lettering
charge warranted dismissal.
Another member Of the board
revealed that the charge
about the lunch hour was
based on information re-
ceived from a member Of the
Savannah Police Depart
ment and that it appeared to
be entrapment. At no point
did the board suggest a severe
reprimand.
It is my opinion that the
logical explanation Of the
Postmaster Generals intem-
perate final press release is
that the department knew
we had the right of appeal to
the Civil Service Commission
and to the courts under the
Veterans Preference Act. The
action of reinStating Mr.. Law
was inevitable and a full re-
view of the matter before an
impartial body outside the
Post office Department would
necessarily reveal that the
original custer of Mr.. Law
was based on political con-
siderations.
Apparently, the department.
now believes it has avoided
this kind Of disclosure because
nowhere does it admit that
Michael Monroney, executive
assistant to the Postmaster
General, is the man who
promised that Mr.. Law would
be fired. Nowhere does it re-
veal the contents of letters
sent demanding that Mr.. Law
be fired for his activity in
registration and voting, al
though one Of these letters
was read to me personally by
a postal official. Nowhere
does the department admit
that a large part Of its origi-
nal investigation dealt with
Mr.. Laws activity in the
NAACP. When we asked for
these records we were told
that they could not be found.
It may be that the POST
master General does not want
Mr.. Law to deliver mail to his
home, but there are hundreds
Of the carriers fellow citi-
Evening star., 1961-10-30

Zens in Savannah who are
glad to see him back on the
job. They know that If the
forces that sought to oust
Mr.. Law had been success
full. no Federal employe in
the South would be safe from
smear and dismissal II he
dared to advocate civil rights
causes.
Clarence Mitchell
Director, Washington Bureau,
National Association for
the Advancement Of Col
ored People.
Postmaster General ].
Edward Day is to be con-
graduated up to a point, on
his frank expression of con-
tempt for the misconduct of
w. w. Law, a colored letter
carrier and a member of the
NAACP in Sa va n n a h,
Georgia, who was fired and
then reinstated because of
political pressures. What
a sorry plight this country is
in when our Government
officials, be they Democrats
or Republicans, are dictated
to by the NAACP. Had this
letter carrier been white and
behaved as w. w. Law be-
haved, he would have been
fired posthaste pardon
the pun) and there would
have been no NAACP or
fanatical civil rightists howl
ing discrimination in his be-
half. How much better it
would have been had our
Postmaster General stuck to
his high principles and not
reinstated this unworthy in
dividual. Was he afraid of
incurring the wrath of our so
called Justice Department
and our Attorney General?
Florence b. Marshall
Regarding your editorial
Of October 26, certainly it is
a violent assumption on your
part to assume that Post
master Day believes the state
ments he made in connection
with the Law letter-carrier
matter in Savannah, Ga.
Selah!
ID. Haywood Hardy.
II what Mr.. Day says is
true about the Savannah,
Ga, letter carrier who was
recently restored to his Job,
then he does not belong in
the Government service.
However, only the most
bigoted person would deny
that the letter carriers activi-
ties in the NAACP had no
bearing in bringing the case
before Day. I will be the
first to admit that the NAACP
is a pressure group, but at
the same time, isn't the
White Citizens Council
which, having a spokesman in
Congress, was more than
instrumental in having Law
fired in the first place? So
the question seems to be,
would the Post Office prefer
to place its sentiments with
the White Citizens Council,
or the NAACP? Or more
precisely, which group seems
to be promoting the ideal of
fair play, which one would
sooner see that the Presi-
Evening star., 1961-10-30
u. S. Policy

President Kennedy has
said. Peace and freedom do
not come cheap. And we are
distined. all Of us, to live
out our lives in uncertainty
and challenge and peril"
Are we interested in mere
ly maintaining the status quo
or are we going to seize the
initiative and pin Russia's
ears back-way back to her
borders where they belongP
1t is absolutely un-Ameri-
can for us to be running
away from a blue chip show
down while free nations are
hanging separately"
The situation suggests a
thesis for an enterprising
Evening star., 1961-10-30

Dean Acheson, would have
included a really massive re-
enforcement Of allied power
in Western Europe. American
forces in Germany would have
been doubled in strength.
Germany, France and Britain
would have been pressured
for major increases in their
armed forces in Europe. And
other divisions would have
been withdrawn from NATO's
flanks to bolster the central
front.
The purpose was to in
crease the allied commitment
to the point that Mr.. Khru-
shchev would understand
that any attack on this force
automatically would involve
the use of nuclear weapons.
In fact, however, very little
has been done. The $4,000
new American troops being
sent to Europe will simply
bring existing divisions UP to
strength. The response of the
allies has been disappointing
and no major reinforcement
has been ordered.
Far from convincing Mr..
Khrushchev of the firmness
of allied resolve, this modest
reinforcement has been ex-
planned largely in terms of
improving the Vests ability
to fight a conventional rather
than a nuclear war. In the
opinion of some critics the
net result has been to make
the nuclear deterrent less be-
lievable than it was before.
If this is true, it implies
a fatal weakness in the West
ern position in any possible
negotiation with Russia. Mr.
Kennedy, in his own mind
may know that he is prepared
to fight and therefore is able
to negotiate. But unless MIR.
KhruShchev knows this too,
1t is dangerously unrealistic
to look for solutions which
would protect the vital in
terests of the West.
Administration Seen Insure
The administration, fur
thermore, has seemed quite
unsure what a negotiation
on Germany might involve or
what possible solutions might
be considered. In the course
Of exploring all avenues"
Dean Rusk has succeeded in
casting doubt on some of
the most fundamental points
OF allied policy in Europe.
Despite official denials and
Qualifications the Secretary
of States conversational
"flexibility" on such matters
as German Identification and
military disengagement has
had the result of thoroughly
unsettling our major allies.
Whichever school one may
belong to. the results Of the
last few weeks activity can
hardly be rated as brilliant.
AS the crisis in Berlin draws
nearer, the indecision and
disunity Of the West becomes
more conspicuous every day.
Until a coherent policy on
Germany can be worked out,
the situation cannot be ex-
pected to improve. And
starting here in Washington,
an urgent effort in this direc-
ton seems long overdue.
Evening star., 1961-10-30
THE WORLD
U.S.. Policy Is Unhappy Compromise
By CROSBY S. NOYE
Foreign Correspondent of The Stur

Republican wags in these
parts are suggesting that the
Kennedy administration has
reversed the whole tradition
Of American foreign policy.
The new motto, they suggest,
is Walk stickily and carry a
big soft"
The battle between the soft
boiled and hard-boiled schools
seems in fact to dominate the
whole discussion of the Ber-
lin crisis at this point. The
administration is in the un-
fortunate position Of CATCH
ing it from extremists on both
sides. And indeed it is seri-
ouSly divided itself between
partisans of one or another
school.
To an observer who nor
mally watches this perform
ance from a considerable
distance, the administration
as a whole in its approach to
the problem of Berlin and
Germany seems neither hard
nor Soft-boiled but sort of
scrambled.
Attempt at Compromise
President Kennedy's policy
Of flexible firmneSs" seems
too often to be little more
than an unhappy attempt to
compromise the conflicting
views Of his advisers. And
the result is apt to compound
the disadvantages Of either
clearcut line Of action.
Two different though con-
nected problems are involved
in the controversy. First
there is the problem Of Ber-
lin itself and how to counter
the immediate threat there.
The second is the problem Of
possible negotiations with
Russia which most certainly
would involve, in addition to
Berlin, the broader questions
OF Germany and European
security as a whole.
So far as Berlin itself is
concerned the policy of the
administration has at least
been clear and consistent.
From the beginning the ef-
fort has been to convince
Nikita Khrushchev that the
United States would use
atomic weapons If necessary
to defend its rights in Berlin
and the essential freedoms of
the city. Starting with the
meeting in Vienna every op-
portunity has been seized to
leave Mr.. Khrushchev in no
possible doubt on this essen
tial point.
Doubts Policy Succeeded
Has the effort succeeded?
The administration today
seems to be basing its whole
policy on the assumption
that it has. But others, no
less adept at probing the
enigmas Of Russian men,
tality, are a good deal less
certain.
Mr.. Khrushchev, these
critics maintain, will never
be convinced by words. And
the action taken so far to
back up these words has been
entirely inadequate.
This action, as originally
conceived by such hardboiled
administration advisers as
Evening star., 1961-10-30

dents non discriminatory
policy is carried out? If all
the alleged charges were
true, then why was he re-
stored to duty? Would Day
go SO far to say that Laws
being a Negro had nothing
whatsoever to do with his
dismissal, or the events lead
ing up to it?
Reuben w. Moore. jr.
I fail to understand the
reasoning behind Postmaster
General Days action to REIN
state w. w. Law with the
Post Office Departm e n t,
when. according to news re-
ports. Mr.. Day characterizes
Mr.. Law as an unsuitable"
employe and says, II would
not want a person with Laws
record Of conduct delivering
mail to my family's home"
Apparently it is quite all
right. however. for this man
to deliver mail to the families
of Savannah. What an excel
lent illustration of the Ill
beral" philosophy.
I have always been in favor
Of equal rights for all our
citizens, including Negroes
and I sympathize with their
efforts to end discrimination.
But freedom is not a matter
Of rights alone; the recogni-
tion of responsibilities is also
necessary. The Federal Civil
Service is held in enough
contempt by the ordinary tax
payer without retention of
unsuitable employees merely
because some pressure group
may threaten political retail
alton. I wonder if some day.
the biggest prosecuted group
OF all - the hard-working,
silent taxpayers of all races
- may be pushed to the
breaking point and put on
some pressure Of its own.
Violet Palmer.
If Postmaster General j.
Edward Day is to be con-
demned by Clarence Mitchell,
director Of the Washington
NAACP, as unfit for a post
in an administration "dedi-
Gated to the elimination of
racial discrimination" then
Mail Carrier w. w. Law
should likewise be condemned
as unfit to head the NAACP
for the State of Georgia. ANY,
one as crude as Mr.. Law is
reported to be in the charges
made against him is not the
type Of man to lead q de-
segregation campaign, eS-
pecially in the South.
The ending of a century Of
segregation and racial pre-
judice in the South and else
where is hard enough and
complicated enough without
men such as Mr.. Law to lead
the forces of integration. It
would seem that one of the
first efforts of the NAACP
should be to purge itself Of
such men instead of making
martyrs out of them and
blaming their shortcomings
on prejudice. Maybe the
NAACP should quit trying to
make headlines and concen-
trate on the long, laborious
task of rapprochement be-
ween the races.
Danny Spector.
Evening star., 1961-10-30
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used If
letters carry tDriterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
terS are subject to condenSd-
tton. Those not used tDiu be
returned only tDhen accom-
panied By self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-10-30

liberties. then there is no
free speech, press, or religion.
Just why Is the attempt to
emasculate our Constitution
made If the United Nations
only objectives are good and
true? Paul Cole Beach, jr.