davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1961-04-21
1861 Is World Seed Year

+, perature and humidity, it's vaults con
tain some 100000 tin cans. Where
small seeds that may run many thou
sand to the ounce are concerned
each can holds many varieties, each
in it's own envelope. Several hundred
thousand strains may thus be stored
before the bank needs enlarging.
With the aid of the department.
four "plant introduction" labora-
tories, and of experiment stations
everywhere, seeds are regularly re-
grown and renewed, as their known
visibility nears it's end.
Seed selection has of course been
practiced since the dawn of agricul-
ture many thousands years ago. But
in many parts of the world it remains
almost as primitive as then. Grain is
still threshed by beating, and few
handfuls are saved for seed-when
famine does not intervene.
Substitution of better seed might
provide nation millions of dollars
in food, as in Indonesia which is
trying to overcome its yearly need
ter-yielding varieties.
There have been many individual
movements toward better seed. Aus
tralia has conducted schools both for
it's own farmers and for specialists
from other countries. So has Canada,
which threw it's courses open to stu
dents from the Orient. The Neither
lands this summer will conduct
course in potatoes. And so on.
FAC and UNESCO are inviting the
purchase of gift coupons by which
they can tailor gifts to the need of
local agrarian communities, such as
a simple seed-cleaning and steriliza-
ton outfit for a remote village whose
people live off the land.
Interested individuals and organi-
cations may obtain information about
the program by writing UNESCO,
Public Liaison Division, Place de
Fontenoy, Paris vile. France.
Of course the u. s. knowledge and
experience in this realm is open to
the world. The Department of Agri-
culture is celebrating world seed year
by making seed the theme of it's 1861
Yearbook. Here will be gathered more
lsable information about seed, than
ever before between book covers.
This one volume alone might play a
mighty part in helping overcome
world hunger.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1961-04-21
WHAT DO YOU THINK?
By GRETCHEN G. BILLINGS

There was a rueful shaking of
heads this week in AFL-CIO head
quarters over the you-can't-win-for-
losing condition they find them
selves in on the publicity front.
During the legislature labor re-
ceived 8-column headlines in Helena
and statewide publicity in an attempt
to put their leaders in bad light;
but when labor does something worth
while it takes all the kings horses
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1961-04-21
By ROSCOE FLEMING, Denver

FORT COLLINS, Colorado - The
worlds sole bank of it's kind is located
here. 1t may some day have its count
erparts in several countries. 1t stores
not money, but seed.
1t is the u. S. Department of Agri-
cultures national seed storage labor
atory. the "seed bank which ulti-
mately will house samples of every
kind of seed useful to the nation or
mankind.
1t is moving TO the forefront of
the stage, for FAC and UNESCO--
the Food and Agriculture Organiza-
ton and the United Nations Educa-
tional, Scientific and Cultural Organ
ization-nave proclaimed 1861 as
World Seed Year.
The idea is simply that better
seed, and better means of storing,
improving and preparing it, may
play as great a part in combating
world hunger, as the more-publi-
cized methods of better soil prepa-
ration and fertilization.
The introduction of hybrid corn
for example, has in scarcely human
generation about THRILLED u. S. corn
production per acre. 1t has displaced
the "open-pollinated" corn so COM
pletely that agronomists of Colorado
State University here are sending
out appeals for samples of open-polli-
mated seed corn lest they vanish for
ever.
Such things have occurred too
often. Some wild plants, worthless
from the production standpoint, might
still carry some magic item as of re-
to disease, that plant-geneti-
cists might find invaluable. But once
this were bred into an improved
strain, nobody might have thought to
save the wild parent, it's usefulness
ended.
Also, U. S. plant scouts used to
range the whole world in search of
useful varieties. But now millions
IF square miles are closed to them,
rs in the Iron Curtain countries. Many
most valuable strains came from
Asia, now almost completely barred. |
Virtually every leading American
,rop-corn, wheat, alfalfa, soybeans
lis the product of the plant-magi-
clans of the department, and of ex-
pertinent stations with their indoor
and outdoor laboratories everywhere.
And hundreds of varieties that went |
20 their making may no longer be
AVAILABLE.
The "seed bank was the longtime
lream of DR.. d. w. Robertson, who
leaded the agTonomy department of
Colorado State University. 1t has cost
bout $450,OOO and has been opera
i've about two years. Just one seed
train preserved through it's agency
night much more than repay its whole
ost, according to it's director, DR..
,dwin James.
Under controlled conditions of tenn
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1961-04-21
Labor Asks Some Relief
From TV Gunslingers

The AFL-CIO supports federal
grants for the expansion of educa-
tional TV because Commercial chan
nels are loaded with gunslingers. pri-
waite eyes and soap operas Andrew
j. Biemiller, AFL-CIO legislative di-
rector, gave Congress these views of
labor recently.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1961-04-21
Big Eaters

WASHINGTON, D. C. = Public
schools served more than 1872 million
pounds of meat, not including fish
and poultry in 1860. Of this 100 mil
lion pounds was beef. Ground beef
and frankfurters proved the most
popular individual items. Nearly 81
million pounds of ground beef and
% million pounds of frankfurters
were served.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1961-04-21

That Poekef-Piekin' Power Company

For two years Montana Power Company of New Jersey
the State Chamber of Commerce. and other
campaigned renuousy in selling the people of Montana
against further matter how much the
todial institutions public schools university system
and other public might inadequate ap
preparations to their legisatveyordered duties
legislature scarcely decent burial
and the month fgy observed when of the
the antitax campaign becomes
Montana Power has in for another
handou the dollar by of natural rate
which WILL granted exceed the outrageous 80 to
At per cent increase of 1853
Montana Power for all tremendous prosperity
the Public Service Commission to permit it to tax it's
$4,000 customers and the than $4,000 patrons of
Great Falls Gas Co. additional $37 million for nat
ural service
In filing its brief for higher rates the pleads that
present sufficient permit
on because Of increased cost OF gas to
the numerous increases and other bene-
fits to employees and higher taxes and other operating COSTS
The eloquence of the companys plea of being poverty
stricken enough to bring tears to the most casehardened
old die hards including this Editor However while join
supplying the moisture replace the Montana didn't
get in recent months ask that consider the following
facts we've dug out of the annual stock
holders the past five years:
gas the company. this cannot
at the moment because the has not d
vuged figures The 1860 does that
GO cent of the will be importing produced from
reserves it owns in Canada.
e. Numerous wage Increases, etc. The company's 'nu-
Increases because of substantial and continuing
force reduction have resulted wage OUTLAWS going up less
than five from 1856 to 196Oye they seek general
rate increase ranging minimum Of 23 per
mum of considerably 100 per cent
Increased taxes and other operating costs Taxes based
to large extent amount of net income federal income tax
and state corporation cense) have increased about 28 per
cent 1856 Other operating have less than
five cent During the period find the following
the improved financial condition of the company:
Total operating have increased 20 per cent
from SAL ,063, 069 in 1856 to $40, 904 last year.
Total have up by 27 per cent since
1956-from $11,750,6O8 to $15,018,877
Income available for stock dividends has gone
better than &c cent in the last five Income avail
able for stock CATER taxes) 20
cent of total operating income This with the national
utility of 1785 cent of total operating
being available for dividends In dollars, MPCo had
income available for of 632
of of the highest ratios of income
of private utility in the United States
Dividends share of have increased so
cents to $1O4-or an increase of about 80 per cent.
Yet for all of the fact that Montana
the finest blue chip stocks in the utility field its local Off
Gals and absentee bosses not satisfied for all of the
that the of Montana severely depressed bust
and suffering alike the utility monopoly
demanding higher tribute from captive gas
-HLB
unxax n,.~ T~w~c Dell A~>~~~ C2~x~-
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1961-04-21
How Our Taxes Rank AMONG Sfutes
From the DENVER POST


level of table
the so recently issued by Quarterly
The table based
the
18th the the collected
did
and how Western states ranked the
Kodiak mirror., 1961-04-21
Nortons
Continued from Page 3

we need between 55 and 60 people. We have roughly 45 boats fishing we can figure an average of 10 to 120 fishermen. ALI together that's about 200 people involved in this one plant. Indirectly-well, all the merchants in town, the longshore- men who load the crab at the dock -. the list could go on and on. Be sides the 3 plants in town, there are others locally"
 Crab cannery operation is an ex- pensive proposition; not only are there machines to maintain, and freezing rooms, and pumps, but all the gear fishermen use in gather ing the giant crawlers from the briny deep. A string of 30 crab pots means minimum of 5000 feet of line, 30 large marker-identity bouys and at least 90 smaller floats below the water line to keep the pots up- right. Then there are bait boxes
Kodiak mirror., 1961-04-21

and bags, and other smaller parts. A lot of gear is lost during the win ter storms that blow the pots and markers miles from their original positions, often into deeper water where they are never found.
 By the same token, the fisher mans occupations is a hazardous one. Emil Norton said, 1T take my hat off to the fishermen. They have to be industrious, intelligent, and good seamen to be out in these winters and come home in the spring with everything safe and sound It's they who make the pay roll possible for the city of Kodiak. The majority of our fishermen own their own boats, and they are good, steady producers"
 Though townspeople work in the local canneries, it has always been necessary to bring in workers to the outlying canneries. They come from Seattle now, from the Filipino community. Until World War Il labor came from the Japanese in
Kodiak mirror., 1961-04-21

was in the early 1900s. Except for 2 trips outside to Seattle he stayed here the rest of his life; he never wanted to be anywhere else"
 Tn Nortons have watched Kodiak grow from little village of 300 or 400 people to the small city it is today, paved streets replacing cow paths, gardens giving way to fresh vegetables brought in by ship,
Kodiak mirror., 1961-04-21
PAGE 9

along with many other things they grew up without. Emil likes to hunt duck in the Bristol Bay region which he calls hunters paradise, and Iefrieda longs to grow garden again, for the pure pleasure 1t would afford. But her time is filled with her busy family, and his con- suming interest is the cannery, and the fishing industry he loves.
Kodiak mirror., 1961-04-21

San Francisco, and before that, at least until 1929, from the Chinese community in San Francisco. This latter was a practice begun in the early days of fish canning, when large, masted schooners came north loaded with live larders- cattle, chickens, pigs, as well as all the canning supplies needed for the summer operation. In that time large number of the Chinese workers was shanghaied. The can nery owner hired one man, called the China Boss" to take care of getting and paying his crew; this China Boss" took his cut out of their wages. Tn 1928 I remember Chinese working down at Kadiak Fisheries" Emil Norton said. ''They had their Tong Wars aboard the ships and at the canneries, and they settled them with knives, or Tong axes. The losers here at Ko- diak are supposed to have been buried at China Point, just off Near Island. Whether fable or not, there used to be a marker over there, but I don't think you can see anything there now.
 My father came to Alaska be- fore even the early days of those cannery ships. He left Finland at 16 and never went back-most of his relatives came to America or Canada anyway. He started as cabin boy and cooks helper, and remembered beating codfish with a hammer to soften it before it could be cooked, and scraping mold off the biscuits. He sailed around the world twice before coming to Kodiak in April, 1893. He used to say, It was the time of wooden ships and iron men; now we have iron ships and wooden men At that time he was sailing in a seal ing schooner, but they were mainly after sea otter in those days, until 1910 when law stopped all hunt ing for them" We asked if Emil might have skin, just as a me- mento? No, main! It's against the law to have one in your possession, but I do remember seeing one, years ago. It was very beautiful, a rich, dark fur, and so soft. I don't 5 believe there is another fur that can match sea otter.
 My father did have a fur seal coat, probably made locally. It was big thing, and very soft, but it finally wore out, so we don't have that either. After 1910 Dad was captain on schooners and fish ing tenders. He fished for a great many years, worked in canneries, and at one time, ran a trading store on Woody Island for Alaska Com merclal Company. But I think that
Evening star., 1961-10-29

The concept was to wire and
tape existing hardware together
into, something that could get
fairly big loads off the ground.
This makeshift would do the
trick until more elegant rock
cts, based on bigger engines,
became available.
But C-1 did not behave like
a makeshift Friday, and the
idea now is to give C-l a more
vital permanent place in the
Nations deep space program.
It Is. almost a certainty that
the number of Saturn CHS will
be increased above the %
scheduled for launching in this
decade under original space
agency plans.
Benefits Seen
Expanded use of the Saturn
C-1 is not directly related 10
President Kennedy's drive to
land men on the moon before
1870. This model Of Saturn
cannot be used on the manned
lunar mission. But much pre-
paratory work for the moon
program, including lengthy
training flights. can be done
with C-l.
A decision will be made
shortly, quite possibly within
the coming week, on the kind
Of super rocket to build for
the actual moon mission. There
are now three possibilities, all
involving assembly Of the final
moon ship in orbit 800 miles
or so above the earth. This
Evening star., 1961-10-29

prevails, this number may bt
cut down considerably ard the
number of Saturn CHS n.
creased.
This would be consistent
with NASA's clear policy Of
minimizing the number OF
launch-vehicle types in its mo-
tor. pool" Conceivably, the
mish-mash Of vehicles now used
in the civilian space program
could be reduced to three. These
would be Thor Delta for ligA'
work in nearby space; Saturn
C-1 for intermediate payloads
and deep space instrument
flights, and Saturn C-5 for
manned exploration of the
moon and manned flights be-
yond.
With nuclear propulsion like
ly to come. along in the 1970s,
the whole picture could change
Evening star., 1961-10-29

Is what is called "orbital
rendezvous"
Smallest possibility is now
designated Saturn ca. II
would have twice the power OF
Fridays Saturn. It would be
able to lift about 100000
pounds of payload into orbit.
Next in size among the three
candidates is called Saturn
CA. 1t would be four times as
powerful as the C-1 and twice
as powerful as C-3. Its six-mil-
lion-pound thrust would enable
spacemen to orbit 100000
pounds.
Huge Saturn
Largest possibility is some
thing new entirely: Saturn
rC-5. This would have rs mil
lion pounds of thrust, produced
by a cluster Of five FL Nova"
type engines, and would have
a weight-lifting capacity of
100000 pounds in orbit.
The original Nova concept
a 12-million-pound cluster OF
eight FL engines theoretically
capable Of getting to the moon
in one Jumps falling by the
wayside. There is practically
no chance that the moon mis-
sion will be undertaken with
out rendezvous.
Not only has the Nova con-
cept vanished, but so has the
name. Originally Nova was a
term to be used to describe any
vehicle powered by a cluster OF
FL engines. C-3. CA and C-5
all will use F-1s, but they are
Evening star., 1961-10-29

now being designated as Sat-
urns rather than Novas.
A cynical explanation of the
name change, widely heard
here. is that in Saturn the Ma
tional Aeronautics and Space
Administration has a good
thing going. 1t is easier to get
funding for something familiar
and successful, so NASA has
decided to rename the Nova
class Saturns, so the explana-
ton goes.
Choice NarrOws
As the time for decision on
the super-Saturn nears, the
choice appears to be narrowing
further-to a decision between
CA and C-5. The C-3 is run
ming a poor third because rem
devious techniques involving a
vehicle this size are viewed as
unnecessarily complex. Either
CA or C-5 could do the job with
a single linkage Of two payload
packages in orbit, while C-3
would involve three rendezvous
operations among four payloads.
AS between CA and C-5, con-
siderable sentiment is building
to choose the latter. Proponents
Of the C-5 point out that to
accomplish the moon mission
Ca offers practically no safety
margin. It would be operated
virtually. at capacity just to DO
a barely minimal Job.
The moon mission calls for
the safe return of a crew of
three men after a lunar land
ing. This translates into a re-
quirement for $4,000 pounds of
payload re-entering the atmos-
phere on the way back from
the moon. This, in turn, in
wolves orbiting 100000 at 800
miles on the outbound trip. The
orbital payload capability of a
single CA is 100000 pounds as
mentioned earlier. Thus, two
Cas- would have to operate at
100 per cent efficiency to get
the necessary 100000 pounds
up.
C-5s, on the other hand,
would have to operate at only
about three-fourths of capacity
Evening star., 1961-10-29

But in the present decade
covered by President Kennedy's
moon program three-vehicle
stable could do the space agen-
|cSSs job quite adequately.
tbraham Hyatt, NASA's pro-
grim planning chief. has prom
ised Congress a detailed new
look at the program for the
Nst Of this decade. This new
look will update the existing
10-year plan for space orig
inally developed in 1859 by DR..
Homer ]. Stewart, Mr.. Hyatt's
predecessor in the planning
post.
Mr.. Hyatt has said that the
plan will be ready for submis-
sion when Congress reconvenes
in January and the space COM
mitteeS open authorization
hearings for fiscal 1868.
Evening star., 1961-10-29

/ to do the job. Also, the 7.5-
million-pound rocket might be
valuable for some manned deer
space missions which CA could
not do.
The trend toward C-5 reflects
a growing attitude on the part
of rocket builders that launch
vehicles should be designed
with a little extra margin in
them. The engineers want to
get away from the bad OLD
days when booster power had
to be strained beyond designed
capability just to lift a mini
mum load. :
Saturn C-1, launched Friday
is the first vehicle with such q
potential. With suitable upper
staging it should be able to
orbit 10 tons and do CORES
pondingly impressive jobs IN
%, ,400-mile Stationary" orbits,
or at the distance of the moon
and beyond.
Members of the Wernher Won
Braun rocket-building team are
now discussing broadened use
of C-l, possibly Supplanting the
Atlas-Centaur in some deep
space missions. Atlas -Centaur,
now scheduled for first flight
early next year, is an inter-
mediate vehicle, more powerful
than those presently in use, but
smaller than C-1.
Drawbacks Seen
Some members Of the Won
Braun team take the attitude
that Atlas, the booster stage Of
the Atlas Centaur, is an ex-
cellent balliStic missile but
something short of ideal as a
space booster. Also, they point
out. Atlas-Centaur is a mar
ginal weight-lifter just like
earlier rockets. AS a matter
of fact, Centaur will probably
not be able to handle a key
communications experiment
built by the Army within weight
specifications provided by the
rockets designer.
Something like IS Centaurs
are presently in the space pic
ture between now and 1869. If
the Won Braun groups view
Evening star., 1961-10-29
Space Plans Swoyed
By Soturn S Success
BY WILLIAM HINES
Star Science Writer

CAPE CANAvERAI. Fla Oct 28,-The fabulous success
of the Saturn superbooser rocket its first flight Friday
pacemen to take and respectful look at
the huge machine. -
This SCI" configuration of Saturn originally
vsioned stopgap solution our big booster problem
Evening star., 1961-10-29

The Heeht co.-Bedspreods-Dow 9
Silver Spring. PARKington, Prince Georges Plozo,
MorIow Heights
Evening star., 1961-10-29

MIsS MAY WESTON,
6otes Foshion consuItont,
will be in the Bedspreod
Dept, our F Street Store,
from $50 o.m. Monday to
show the heirIooms. tP.S,
She'll be glad to help
solve YOUR color and styl-
ing probIems!)
Evening star., 1961-10-29

3. BATES GEORGE WASHINGTON" with
heirloom pottern, reversible. completely
washable Snow white and ontique white
A magnificent gift in regal presentotion
box.
s2xl o" Twin or s6xl 10" Full, seeh 1898
king Size also ovoobIel
c. BATES NEWPORT EAGLE" perfect
copy Of the most fomous bedspreod of old
Newport. Washable, preshrunk, reversible. 6
authentic coIors. Gift-boxed.
s2xll4" Twin Size
s6xli4" Full Size SIS
Evening star., 1961-10-29
Digital Electronic Engineer

REQUIRES BsEE experience including
mnimum
60 Development work No logic difect:oupsd tfansstof
psrform logic design OF present eontToi systes Ssv
cpate
digital eompuers character and target generation
Evening star., 1961-10-29

CIVIL or STRUCTURAL ENGI-
with extensive concrete or steel
design exper. ana ability on draft
ing board. Must be willing 10 re-
locate. Salary-Sl0,00O plus $40
wk. subsistence. Call for appoint
ment, no. 2-S5l0, BELL AND
ASSOC. l7il Conn. ave. NV.
CLERK. sober and reliable, prefer
ably over 35 years. for general
office work. 81 day week. Free
insurance. paid vacation. etc. Ap-
ply YELLOW CAB. 3lS Eye
st. ne
rIFpTCHT TO TYTCTTTTVT
Evening star., 1961-10-29
Visual Displays Senior
Electronic Engineer

REQUIRES BSEE and five experience
dssign and DEVELOPMENT plus two Project
VIII project responsibility
design, test yerifaton prototype model and
the pIeparAtien OF engineering standards
procedures
Evening star., 1961-10-29
Manager Product Support

REQUIRES BsME experience
shsnis. design eectroni packagnE model shop
oepartment supervision preferably military
WI direct product desRn depanent and model shop special
Evening star., 1961-10-29
WASHINGTON'S LARGEST
EMPLOYMENT AGENCY

EMPLOYMENT sERv.
A DIVISION OF NEsINc
1912 X St. NV, EX. 3-727O
md FLOOR. ROOM 202
CHEMICAL TECH. pref. exper., but
will train: young man with min.
= yrs. COLLEGE chemistry: salary
open. POTOMAC EMPL., l04 Z.
Broad At. JE. 0-T27o
Evening star., 1961-10-29
Project Manager

Requires appropriate (praby an advanced degree
least eight
optical precision measurement systems.
Evening star., 1961-10-29
Senior Electronics
Simulator Engineer

REQUIRES BSEE plus five years design development experience
on Snaos computing devices audo systems and TRANSFORMED
craft communications systemS desired Will contribute
nicaIy to design Of simulated radio aids systems. 49,
Evening star., 1961-10-29
Engineer Optics

Requires BIS in Physics Optics plus
tca eecro-optical
and testing equipment associated optical
measuring. inspection and scanning systems.
Evening star., 1961-10-29
Senior Electronics
Simulator Engineer

REQUIRES BsEE plus five years experience in pogrammnE dEta
eomputers and design experience in da systems desirable
Evening star., 1961-10-29
Principal Engineer

Requires appropriate preferably
work.