davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-06-09
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Evening star., 1961-06-09

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40 NJ
Evening star., 1961-06-09

Sofe 10 use on bodies and children of
Oil oees, New Breek ChiIdren's Shom-
poo cleons hair thoroughly without
singing the eyes! u Ieoves hair soft.
Iustrous and cosy TO monoee. Yours
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Evening star., 1961-08-18
Productivity
Made Little
Gain in go

Productivity gains Jagged
last year, the Labor Depart
ment reported yesterday.
Output per man-hour, the
key yardstick of productivity,
increased by only 2.5 per cent
in the private economy. That
compared with more than 4
per cent in 1859 and the
average annual gain of more
than 8 per cent since World
War II.
The department pointed out
that productivity usually rises
slowly during recessions and
rapidly during years Of business
recovery. If this pattern holds
true, productivity should in
crease substantially this year
as the economy RECEIVERS from
the recession.
Agricultural productivity in
creased by more than 6 per
cent last year, compared with
q gain of only 2 per cent in the
nonagricultural sector of the
economy.
Within the agricultural
category, output per man-hour
increased by 2 per cent in
manufacturing and by 30 per
cent in other areas.
Productivity is considered a
good guide line for wage in
creases, at least in theory
Many economists agree in prin-
ciple that wage increases
should be limited to productiv-
ity gains. In this way, they
maintain, wage increases would
not push prices UP.
Evening star., 1961-08-18
Army to Enlist Phones
ToPepUp Surplus Bids

The Army is going to try
something new-a Nationwide
telephone auction-to unload a
variety of military surplus. The
idea is to get better prices and
save money for the taxpayers.
At the August 80 auction, &C
cording to Army representatives
at a conference of surplus dis
posal experts here, items like
tugboatS. socks, railroad ca
booSes, blankets and earth
movers will go on the block.
A caboose, railway, one each,
condition used-poor, belonging
to the Navy, is one item listed
in a 158-page catalog for the
August 80 sale. The car may be
inspected at the Naval Weapons
Laboratory, Dahlgren, Va,
which has no railway connec-
ton with the rest of the coun-
try.
An ocean tug up for auction
is berthed at Rio Vista, Calf.
The coming auction will have
six bidding sites, in Atlanta,
Fort Worth. New York, Colum-
bus, Ohio; Denver, and Berke-
ley, Calf, linked by telephone
Evening star., 1961-08-18
Coppuge Family
Members Meet

Members Of the Coppage-
Coppedge Family Association
will meet here this week end
to celebrate the family's 313th
year in this country.
About 125 members Of the
family are expected to attend
the associations 14th annual
reunion at the Lafayette Hotel.
A 7:3O o'clock reception to-
night will open the convention,
which will include a family
talent show, a tour, election of
Officers and a banquet tomor-
row. Representative johnson,
Democrat of Maryland, will be
guest speaker at the $50 pm.
banquet.
Evening star., 1961-08-18

to a control point in Atlanta,
according to Vincent c. Tolino,
special assistant to the Army
Quartermaster General. He
estimated the value Of the
hodge = podge of machinery,
clothing and off-beat items at
between $12 million and SIS
million.
Mr.. Tolino said the Army has
conducted a series of tests,
including Nationwide closed
circuit television, to see which
items in the huge variety of
surplus material unloaded by
the Government each year will
bring better prices through
Nationwide bidding.
The telephone hookup may
be one way to generate more
competitive bidding and an
ultimate saving to the tax
payer, Mr.. Tolino said.
Robert E. Kreps of the
Army's Property Disposal Gen.
ter in Alexandria said, 1--WE had
a whole bunch of anti-aircraft
searchlights once, and nobody
could figure out what to do
with them until some bright
guy from California bought
them to keep the birds out of
his rice fields at night"
Mr.. Kreps reported that the
Army'S disposal branch saved
John @. Public about SIS bill
lion last year through world
wide sales and transfers of
equipment.
The two officials were among
IS civilian and military surplus
disposal specialists from all
over the world meeting yester-
day at the Shoreham Hotel.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-08-04
Private Property.
Changed Conditions

During these last decades, as is
known, the difference has been
growing acute between the
ownership of productive goods
and the responsibility of those
managing the larger economic en-
titles. We know that this brings
about problems hard to control by
the public authorities in order to
make certain that the aims pur-
sued by the directors of large
companies, especially of those that
have greater effect on the entire
economic life of a political COM
munity, + not contrary TO the de-
mands of the common good. 1t
brings about problems which, as
experience shows, arise regardless
whether the capital that makes
possible the vast undertaking be-
longs to private citizens or to pub
lie corporations.
II is also true that there are
many citizens today - and their
number is on the increase-who
through belonging TO insurance
groups or social security have rea-
son 10 face the future with sereni-
tY. q serenity that formerly deriv-
ed from the properties they inner
tied, however modest.
Finally, it is noted that today
men strive to acquire profession
al training rather than to become
owners of property, and that they
have greater confidence in income
derived from work Or rights found
ed on work rather than in income
derived from capital or rights
founded on capital.
Moreover, this is in conformity
with the preeminent position of
work, as the immediate expires.
sion of the individual against cap
ital, a good by nature instrument
tai. Hence such a view of work
may be considered a step forward
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-08-04

ibis USHldnuS Uldt the TeldtIOIS
between the employers and di-
rectors on the n hand, and the
employees on the other, be mark
ed by appreciation, understand
ing, a loyal and active coopera-
ton, and devotion to an under
taking common to both, and that
the work be considered and car
ried out by all the members of
the enterprise, not merely as a
source of income, but also as the
fulfillment of a duty and the rend-
ering OF a service.
This also means that the work
ers may have their say in, and
may make their contribution to,
the efficient running and develop
ment of the enterprise. Our pred
ecessOr, Plus XII, remarked that
1.-The economic and social function
which every man aspires to full
full demands that the carrying on
of the activity of each is not COM
pletely subjected to the will of
others"
A HUMANE view of the enter
prise ought undoubtedly to safe
guard the authority and neces-
sary efficiency of the unity of di-
rection, but it must not reduce its
daily c~o-workers TO the level of
simple and silent performers who
are without any possibility of
bringing to bear their experience
and entirely passive in regard to
decisions that regulate their activ-
ity.
Finally, attention is to be call
ed TO the fact that the exercise
of responsibility on the part of
the workers in productive units
not only corresponds to the law
full demands inherent in human
nature, but is also in conformity
with the historic development in
the economic, social and political
fields.
Unfortunately, al We have al
ready noted and as will later be
seen more fully, there + numer-
Gus economic and social inequali-
ties which in our time are oppOs-
ed TO justice and humanity and
deep rooted errors that pervade
the activity, purposes, structure
and working OF the economic
world.
But il is an U~ndeniable fact that
the productive systems. thanks 10
the impulse deriving from scien-
fifie and technical advance, are TO-
day becoming more modern and eff
ficient at a far rapid rate
than in the past. This demands of
workers greater abilities and pro-
fessionaI qualifications. Al the
same time and as q consequence.
they are given greater means and
more free time for being instruct
ed and brought up TO date. for ae'
curing culture and for receiving
moral as we'll as religious forma-
ton.
II linus iilSiC Ndil dloO w &AANNN~N
g, a longer period for the basic in
Struction, as we'll as for the pro-
fessional training, of new genera.
tons.
Thus is created a humane en-.
yironment that encourages the
working classes to assume greater
responsibility within enterprises
while at the same time political
communities become ever more
aware that all citizens feel respon.
sible for bringing about the com
mon good in all spheres of life
The Workers Participation
At All Levels
Modern times have seen a broad
development of associations oil
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-08-04
- - - II. - - - - III -

in particular that structure of
an economic system which is
more in conformity with the dig
nifty of man and more suitable
to developing in him a sense
Of responsibility. Nevertheless,
Our predecessor Plus XII Oppor-
timely delineates this directive as
follows:
The small and average sized
undertakings in agriculture, in
the arts and crafts, in commerce
and industry, should be safeguard
ed and fostered by granting
them the benefits of larger firms
by means of cooperative union;
while in the large concerns there
should be the possibility of mod
Grating the contract of work by
one Of partnership.
Artisan and Cooperative
Enterprises
The artisan enterprise and the
farm enterprise of family size, as
also the cooperative enterprise
that serves likewise as an element
Of indignation of the two, are to
be preserved and encouraged in
keeping with the common good
and within the limits of technical
possibilities,
We shall return shortly to the
topic of the farm enterprise of
family sine. Here We think il APP
proprisfe TO Underscore the inn
p~orfance OF the artisan and CO.
operative enterprises.
Above all, it is necessary TO en-
phasize that the two undertakings
in order TO be effective must on
stantly adapt themselves in their
structure, function and output to
ever new situations created by
the advance of science and tech
nology, as also by the changing
demands and preferences of the
consumer. This adaptation must be
first of all effected by the crafts
men themselves and the members
of cOoperatives.
To accomplish this the two
groups must have a good training,
both technically and humanity, and
they must be organized profess
sionally. Further, it is imperative
that appropriate economic meas
ures be taken by the government,
especially regarding their forma-
ton, taxation, credit and social
security.
MOREOVER, the measures tax
en- by public agencies on behalf
of craftsmen and members of CO.
operatives are also justified by
The fact that these two categories
of citizens uphold true human
values and contribute TO the add
vance of civilization.
For these reasons, We pater-
nally invite Our beloved sons, arti-
sans and members of cooperativ'
es throughout the world, to realize
the dignity Of their profession
and their substantial contribution,
50 that they may keep alert their
sense of responsibility and spirit
of cooperation in the national com
munities, and that their desire to
work with dedication and origin
atty ever abide.
Participation of Workers in the
Average-Size and Large
Enterprise
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-08-04

units which are those that have
the greatest bearing. Instead it is
those made by public authorities
or by institutions that act on a
worldwide, regional or national
scale in regard to some economic
sector or category of production.
Hence the appropriateness or
imperatiyeneSs that among such
authorities or institutions, besides
the holders of capital or the rep
~resentatives of their interests, the
workers also or those who repre-
sent their rights, demands and as
pirations should have a say.
OUR AFFEcTIoNATE thought
and Our paternal encouragement
goes out to the professional groups
and to the associations of workers
of Christian inspiration existing
and workers on more than one
continent, which in the midst of
many and frequently grave diff
cultieS have been able and are
continuing to strive for the effec-
tive promotion of interests of the
working classes and for their ma
terial and moral Improvement,
both within a single political unit
as we'll as on a worldwide scale.
1t is with satisfaction that We
believe it Our duty to underscore
the fact that their work is to be
gagged not only by its direct re-
suits and by those which are inn
mediately observable, but also by
its positive reaction on an econ
Omic and social order marked by
justice and humanity, effected
throughout the labor world, where
it spreads the principles of correct
orientation and supplies the inn
pulse of Christian renovation.
We believe further that one must
regard in the same way the work
performed with true Christian
spirit by Our beloved sons in 9TH
err professional groups and associa-
tions Of workers which take their
inspiration from natural principles
of dealing with each other and are
respectful of the freedom of con-
science.
We are always happy to express
heartfelt appreciation TO the In
ternatiOnal Labor Organization
which for decades has been max
ing its effective and precious
contribution TO the establishment
in the world of an economic and
social order marked by justice
and humanity, where also the law
full demands of the workers are
given expression.
Private Property.
Changed Conditions
n,YrSnn fhosa Iocf lnnoAae 40 SC
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-08-04

use u FHG 9OQGS OF we G0t WV
TO which corresponds the funda-
mental obligation of granting
private property TO all if possible"
while among the demands arising
from the moral dignity of work.
is also the one that includes tine
conservation and perfection of q
social order which makes possible
a secure even if modest properly
70 all classes of the people,"
The distribution of property
ought to be championed and af-
fected in times such as ours in
which, as has been noted, the
economic systems of an increas-
ing number of political commun-
tiles are in the process of rapid
development. =
While making use of various
technical deviseS which have prov
ed effective, these communities
find it easy to promote e%nterpris-
es and carry out an economic and
social policy that favors and facili-
tates an increased distribution of
private ownership and of durable
consumer goods, of homes, OF
farms, of ones own equipment in
artisan enterprises and farms of
family size, as often experienced
in some political communities
that have developed economical
L. ,oJ arnu~accnd Cnaia1lu
Public Property
What has been set forth above
does not exclude, as is obvious,
that state and other public agen-
cies should also lawfully possess
productive goods as property, es-
pecially when they carry with
them an opportunity too great to
be left to private individuals with
out injury to the community at
large"
In modern times there is a
tendency toward a progressive
taking over Of property. whose
ownership is vested in the state
or other agencies of public av-
fhorify. This fact finds its expia-
nation in the ever widening aetiV-
ity which the common good re-
quires the public authorities to
carry on.
But in the present matter the
principle of Subsidiarity stated
above is also to be followed. Ac-
cordingly, the state and other ag-
encies of public law should not
extend their ownership except
where motives of the evident and
real necessity of the common good
require it. And they should not ex-
tend it for the purpose of reduc-
ing or, much less, of abolishing
private property.
Nor is one to forget that the en-
terprises of an economic nature
of the state and other agencies
of public law are to be entrusted
to those who unite in themselves
a specific solid ability, spotless
honestly and a keen n of re-
sponsibility toward their country.
Further, their behavior and activ-
ity are to be subject to a wise and
constant. inspection in order to
prevent, among other things, the
formation within the very organi-
cation of the state of centers of
economic power that would re-
dound to the detriment of its
"raison d'etre," that is, the good
of the community.
Social Function
Another doctrinal point con-
stantly set forth by Our prede-
cessors is that a social function is
~intrinsically linked with right of
private property. AS a matter of
fact, according to the plan of
G~1nt;1a fL4 111Ie - AL1 ~~uxL
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-08-04

III NhS PAONNS1 Va AA1lAhuIl SANAllA0
ton.
THE ASPECTS revealed by the
economic world, which We have
just alluded to, have certainly
contributed to spreading the doubt
that a principle of the economic
and social order consistently
taught by our predecessors has
diminished or lost its importance,
namely the principle of the natur-
al right of private ownership, in
elusive of productive goods.
Confirmation of the
Right of Ownership
There is no reason for such a
doubt to persist. The right of
private ownership of goods, in
elusive of productive goods, has a
permanent validity precisely be-
cause it is a natural right found
ed on the theological and finals
tic priority of individual human
beings as compared with society.
Moreover, il would be useful TO
insist on free and personal inifia-
tive in the economic field, if the
same initiative were not permitted
TO dispose freely of the mean i'm
dispensable to ITS achievement.
Further, history and experience
testify that in those political reg
lines which do not recognize the
rights of private ownership of
goods, productive goods included,
the fundamental manifestations of
freedom are suppressed or stifled.
Hence one may justifiably con-
clude that they find in such a
right both a guarantee and an in
centive.
This is an explanation of the
fact that socio-political movements
which strive to reconcile justice
and liberty in society were until
recently clearly opposed to the
private ownership of productive
goods but are now - ore fully
enlightened concerning actual So
cial conditions recOnsidering
their own stand and are taking an
essentially positive attitude in re-
gard to that right.
ACCORDINGLY. We make Our
own the insistence of Our prede-
cessor Plus XII: In defending
the principle of private property
the Church is striving after an
important ethico-social end. She
does not intend merely to uphold
the present condition of things as
if it were an expression of the
Divine Will or to protect on prin-
ciple the rich and plutocrats
against the poor and INDECENT E.
The Church rather aims at Sc
curing that the institution of priv
ate property be such as it should
be according to the plan of Di-
vine Wisdom and the dispositions
of nature" And thus may the
natural right be the guarantee of
the essential freedom of the indi.
vidual and at the same time an
indispensable element in the social
order.
Further, We have observed to-
day in many political communi-
ties that economic systems. are
rapidly increasing their produc-
tive efficiency. With this increase
of income, justice and fairness
demand, as We have already seen,
that remuneration for work be in
creased within the limits allowed
by the common good.
This allows the workers more
easily to save and thus acquire
their own property. Hence it is
ineomprehensible how the innate
character of a right can be called
into question when it has as its
main source the fruitfulness OF
xyork and &c a~npfinna1Iv f~onnautad
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-08-04
Social Function

Another doctrinal point con-
stantly set forth by Our prede-
cesSors is that a social function is
intrinsically linked with right of
private property. AS a matter of
fact, according to the plan of
Creation, the goods of the earth
are above all destined for the
worthy support of all human be-
ings, as Our predecessor Leo XIII
in his encyclical "Rerum Novar-
um' expressed so wisely:
whoever has received from
the Divine Bounty a large share
of blessings, whether they be ex-
ternal or corporal, or gifts of the
mind has received them for the
purpose of using them for perfee-
ting his nature and at the
same time. that he may employ
them as the minister Of Gods
Providence for the benefit of
others. He that hath a talent.
says 81. Gregory the Great. LET
him see that he hideth il not; he
THAT hath abundance LET him
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-08-04
The Workers Participation
At All Levels

Modern times have seen a broad
development of associations of
workers for the specific purpose
of cooperation, in particular by
means of collective bargaining,
and the general recognition of
such associations in the juridical
codes of various countries and on
an international scale. But We
cannot fail to emphasize how time
ly and imperative is it that the
workers exert their influence, and
effectively so, beyond the limits
of the individual productive units
and at every level.
The reason is that individual
productive units, regardless how
extensive or how very efficient
they may be. form q vital part Of
fhe economic and social complex.
ity of the respective political COM
mUnifies and are determined by IL.
But it is not the decisions made
within the individual productive
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-08-04
Effective Distribution

It is not enough to assert the
natural character of the right
of private property, including pro-
ductive property, but the effec-
tive distribution among all social
classes is also to be insisted upon.
As Our predecessor Plus XII
states: Ordinarily, as q natural
basis for living, the right 70 the
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-08-04

TAE TIMES
Friday. Aug. 4. 1851
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-08-04

NAA& So W NAANAA
and their substantial contribution,
so that they may keep alert their
sense of responsibility and spirit
of cooperation in the national COM
munitieS, and that their desire TO
work with dedication and origin.
atty ever abide.
Participation of Workers in the
AveTage-Size and Large
Enterprise
Further. following up the line of
thought drawn by Our predeces-
sors, We also hold as justifiable
the desire of employees TO partici-
pate in the activity of the enter
prises to which they belong as
workers. 1t is not feasible to de-
fine "a priori" the manner and
degrees of such participation,
since the workers are the ones
who + in touch with the specif-
ic conditions prevailing in every
enterprise ~ conditions that can
vary from one TO another and are
frequently subject to quick and
substantial changes.
Bot we think ii fitting 70 call
attention TO the fact that the prob
lem of fhe. participation of the
workers is an ever present one,
whether the enterprise is private
or public. AT any rate. every effort
should be made that the enterprise
become a community Of persons in
she dealings, activities and stand
ing of all IFS members.
4 THE CATHOLIC TIMES
Friday. Aug. 4. 1851