davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Jackson advocate., 1961-01-07
Five CORE
CONTINUED from Page One


Schopp said he, West, and Miss
Skinner and Miss Gnojewski went
into Clark's about 9:3O am. and
took a booth. Miss Skinner and
West are Negroes. Clark then
came up and said, eve are not
going to serve YOU"
Schopp said that he told Clark
that they would like service. Clark
replied "You can stay or not, but
we are not going to serve you"
Clark then went to police head
quarters and swore out a COM
plant. The arrest was m d e
about 1920 am.
No disorder was reported by
anyone. Schopp complimented the
police on the "eminently fair
treatment the CORE group receiv-
ed.
CORE responded to the arrests
with massive testing of ten other
discriminatory restaurants in Co
lumbia. Schopp reports: "Some
places have been visited eight or
ten times by polite but insistent
groups of two or three CORE
people, each of which left when
asked. The implication must be
clear that we shall be back, per-
haps with a sit-in."
Jackson advocate., 1961-01-07
Hope Reviews Ills,
Needs Of Industry

SAN AUTOMOBILES past year
was a virtual turning point for
the petroleum industry as it de-
parted from many long-standing
practices that have caused and
aggravated unhealthy industry
conditions, the president of the
Independent Petroleum Associa-
ton of America said Thursday.
At the same time, Col. Alvin
C. Hope of San Antonio, Texas
said the need for increases in do
mestic crude oil and product prices
was urgent if the domestic indus
try was to meet increased labor
and operating costs, and restore
exploration, drilling and develop.
ment to adequate levels in 1861.
In 1860, a year of disappoint'
ments in the statistical columns
the petroleum industry accomp'
lished much through reappraisa
and readjustment of oil operating
practices, Hope said.
"Demoralized markets and dis
ruptive refining practices in early
1860 brought welcomed tide Of
industrial soul-searching," Hope
said.
This resulted, he said, in correc
ton and even denunciation of pas
practices that had become tenets
of industry operations.
The challenge of managing sur
plusses will extend into 1861 ant
beyond, Hope said.
Coincident to the current bust
ness lull expected to last through
Mid-1961, oil industry is granting
a general 5 percent wage increase
which it cannot absorb, he added
"When refinery wages art
raised" he said, "these higher
costs must be reflected in prod
Jackson advocate., 1961-01-07
Pension, Welfare
Fund Investment
Discussed

San Francisco-The knotty prob
lens of how best to invest union
negotiated pension and welfare
funds came in for close examination
here in the final session of the Cali
fornia Labor Federation's four-day
labor education conference.
Nearly $50 unionists sat in on the
discussion that heard Prof. James
Longstreet of the University of
California suggest that these funds
offer a logically source for making
capital available for risk-taking on
the new frontier" though he ack-
nowledged the pension trustees also
face the primary-and often con-
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. to safeguard
the funds to insure payment Of the
pensions the funds were set up to
provide.
Harry POLAND, San Francisco
labor economist, urged greater con-
sideration of social purpose" in
the investment of pension and un-
ion funds to provide the union
member and the community some
thing better than they had before.
He cited broadening investment
of both pension and union money
in housing, through cooperative de-
velopments as well as residential
mortgages, health and medical ia
cilities.
Carroll ]. Lynch outlined the
widening scope of pension fund in
vestment, especially into corporate
common stocks, both as a cushion
against changes in the economy
and, if possible, to reflect changes
in the purchasing power of pen
sions.
He and Longstreet agreed that
the growing accumulation of pen
sion funds invested in such hold
ing tended to immobilize huge and
increasing amounts of money and
that fiscal agents for these inter-
ests tended either to disenfranch-
Use the stockholders whose funds
are involved or to reaffirm man.
agement in it's control.
Longstreet said that, with the
growth of institutional investors,
the usual capital market is being
bypassed. If risk capital is not
available from these investors, it
may tend more and more to come
from internal corporate funds and
to further enlarge already large
corporate interests, he warned.
Jackson advocate., 1961-01-07

competitors or artificially jacking
up the prices.
In all, 20 companies were in
dicted and 10 of the smaller firms
were allowed to plead no contest
to all charges.
All of the indicted companies
had originally sought to plead nc
contest-which would not be con-
sidered as evidence Of guilt in civil
damage suits brought against
them. Judge Ganey, at the urg.
ing of the Justice Dept, refused to
accept no contest pleas until the
government had gotten the 19
companies to plead guilty to the
major charges against them.
In the final proceedings, the JUS
tice Dept. dropped charges against
one Of the indicted General Elec-
trio vice presidents, Arthur F.
Vinson. One of the Westinghouse
officials, w. C. Rowland, refused
to change his not guilty plea in
one case and will stand trial.
Judge Ganey prasied the head od
the Justice Dept.'s antitrust divi-
sion, Robert A. Bicks, and his as
sistants for "a splendid job" in
the case.
GE later issued q statement that
company officials who admitted
violating antitrust laws had been
either denoted, given pay cuts OF
shifted to jobs with no RESPONSE
bility for setting prices.
Attorney General William p
Rogers declared in q statement
that the cases involved "as serious
instances Of bid-rigging and price
fixing IS have been charged in the
more than half-cenutry life Of the
Sherman Antitrust Act"
Jackson advocate., 1961-01-07
Veterans eWs

Q.-I sold my CT home and got
a release from liability from the
VA for any future payments. Am
l now eligible for another CT loan?
A.-You may or may not be. Re-
lease from liability does not auto
matically restore eligibility for an
other loan. It is restored only
under certain conditions, such as
selling your home because Of
health reasons, moving to another
area for a better job, etc.
Q.-Under the old death compen-
sation program, the widow Of de-
ceased peacetime veteran received
less than the widow of a wartime
veteran. Is this true under the
Survivors Benefits Act?
A.-No. The Survivors Benefits
Act provides for equal payments
for widows of both war and peace
time veterans.
Q.-I am the widow Of a recent
ly deceased World War II veteran
He never used his entitlement for
a CT loan. Am / eligible for this
benefit?
A.-Only those unremarried Wild
ows Of World War II and Korean
Jackson advocate., 1961-01-07
10 JOS Jottings
Ry 10 10 EVANS

Well Folk, Your reporter spent
the Holidays in the Big Apple
(New York; and returned with a
stiff neck and bulging eyes,.
Like all Country pumpkins,
spent most of my time looking
at the tall buildings and the bright
lights. 1t was so cold up there un-
til my eyeballs almost froze and
| won't be able to turn around
quickly for at least two weeks. If
| get weak enough to go in that
direction again, l will make sure
that 1T is the month of August.
Boy, those people sure do talk
funny. l went into a department
store in Brooklyn and a clerk
said "Can l do something for
YOUSE?" Well l told her right
off that | didn't come in there to
buy something USED, / wanted
NEW stuff for my money. 1t
wasn't until later that | found
out that she just didn't know how
to talk. have been used to watch
ing just two channels on our tele-
vision, but they have so many
there, that l used the dial for
spinning wheel. You see, / didn't
want to miss anything. But let me
tell you the most amazing thing
in New York are those Under
ground trains called Subways.
was standing in the Subway sta
tion just reading the big signs
and a crowd of people rushed to-
ward me and before l could get
out of the way l was headed for
New Jersey.
have never seen people in such
a hurry before in all my life. No
body walks, everybody runs. They
run to the station, run on the
train, run from the train and
when they reach the streets, they
start strolling. so WHAT WAS
THE BIG HURRY? You tell me.
must tell you about the res
taurants. l went into one "quick
service deals" and ordered a hot
roast beef sandwich. The waitress
came back with "two slices of
bread all covered with gravy.
Well now, l have been used to
"some bread with some meat in
between. Naturally, 1 asked
about this strange plate placed in
front of me and was informed
that it was IAN open faced sand
wich." So l politely asked her to
take it back and "close it's face"
l got one of the funniest looks
from her. l could tell you folks
lot more about "them furrinersn
but you wouldn't believe me, so
I'll keep it to myself. See you
next week.
Jackson advocate., 1961-01-07

to guilty pleas in seven cases
pleaded no contest in IL others
Maximum sentence is a $4,000
fine on each charge for either
corporations or individuals, plus
a year in Jail for individuals.
The guilty pleas opened the gate
to triple damage suits by pur.
chasers who contracted for equip.
ment unaware that both the price
and the firm which was to submit
the low bid had been determined
in advance at secret meetings
among officials of the supposedly
competing companies.
The victims, according to the
series Of indictments handed down
by four federal grand juries during
the past year, included federal
state and municipal governments
as well as private utility com.
panies and several industrial con-
Germs.
The indictments alleged that
some Of the firms helped narrow
control Of the market by refusing
to sell component parts to possible
Jackson advocate., 1961-01-07
List Us With The Realist
And Moderates

In an editorial in the State Times of Jackson the
other day Editor Oliver Emmerich had something to
say about the lambasting that those who have been
designated as moderates having been getting in these
~oublesome times in relations mainly because of
showing sense of reality in approaching the problem
In conclusion the editorial has this to say:
IT, in the fateful Fifties there had been more Lin
coins and Lees in positions of leadership-moderates
if you please-the nations white-hot emotions might
have been cast in different mold and the Civil War
averted.
Moderation demands surrender of high prin-
cipes 1t requires only willingness to see the rights
and wrongs of both sides of issue and realistic ef
fort to adjust conflicts of opinion for the common good
Nor is moderation the mark of the timid or the
weak There are times as in many parts of the South
today when it requires courage to stand with the
moderates than to howl with the extremists.
Therefore, to preach that moderation is discredit-
able is nonsense And it is dangerous nonsense Mod
Grafton is the magic cord which binds together the
many diverse elements of American democracy
After having read and re-read the editorial we felt
called upon to say here that who ever will NAV list us
with the realist and the moderates
Jackson advocate., 1961-01-07
On Price-Fixing Charges
electrical GIANTS
ENTER GUILTY PLEAS

Philadelphia - General Electric
Co., Westinghouse Electric Corp.
and II smaller manufacturers have
pleaded guilty in federal court
here to criminal antitrust charges
involving price-fixing and rugged
bids on multi-million dollar sales
Of heavy electrical equipment.
The guilty pleas, avoiding
lengthy public trials, gave the
Justice Dept. its greatest anti
trust victory in many years. Sem
tences, expected to be imposed
early in 1861 by y. s. District
Judge ]. Cullen Ganey, could re-
suit in heavy fines for the COM
panies and possible Jail sentences
for individual defendants, includ-
ing several company vice presi-
dents and division managers.
Triple Damages Possible
General Electric, which earlier
had pleaded not guilty to all
charges, switched to guilty pleas
on six charges and was allowed to
plead no contest to Is other
charges. Westinghouse switched
Jackson advocate., 1961-01-07
N. J. Council Seeks
New Health Plan

Newark.-Executive board mem
bers of the New Jersey State In
dustrial Union Council have auth
orized council officers to seek es.
tablishment of a medical-surgical
benefit plan providing fully-paid
benefits for ailing workers and
their families without additional
payments to doctors.
State Pres. Joel R. Jacobson and
Sec. Treas. Victor Leonardis saic
the intention is to help launch q
replacement for the Blue Shield
plan, under frequent attack fol
what the two men called "too fire.
quent and unjustified Increases
in rates.
The two officers said they will
also seek repeal of a New Jersey
law which provides that the Med
ical Society of New Jersey must
approve appointment of 81 per-
cent of all trustees, as well as
operations of medical-surgical in
surance plans.
Jackson advocate., 1961-01-07
A Challenge To Mississippi

The widely read report in the newspapers last week
OF the lag in accreditation of Negro schools Misss
slpp presents urgent challenge to the state chal-
enge that calls for immediate efforts on the part of
the state to it's Negro citizens that the state
intends to make good without any unnecessary delay
on its promise to equalze educational opportunities of
the state.
In all the arguments and debates that have arisen
since the ntegraton decision of the United States
Supreme Court it is pretty generally conceded that it
was the vast discrimination in Negro education rather
than separate schools for Negroes and whites that
brought the suits and the decision ordering ntegra
tion of the schools which it's proponents guided per-
haps to large extent by past history the only
way to obtain equal educational opportunities for Ne
gro pupils.
We take the position despite the Glamour of both
the segregatonst and the ntegratonst that the Ne
gro is American, that his greatest need as an ndi
vdual is the acquire of the American spirit but keeps
and has kept the Negro individual from acquiring
the American spirit and to look at himself first as an
American citizen rather than Negro is the continued
discrimination revealed in the report here referred
to-
We take the further position that there is sincere
evidence on the part of those having the power and au
thorty to deal with the Negro an American citizen
the Negro will become less and less concerned with the
demand for integration.
What Mississippi needs now is neither integrated
nor segregated schools neither white Negro schools
but American Schools and that is the challenge in the
report the lag in accredtaton of Negro schools in
the state.
Jackson advocate., 1961-01-07
Sharecroppers
Continued from Page One)

it was to prevent the landowners
from "intimidating, threatening,
coercing their Negro sharecropper
tenants for the purpose of inter-
fering with the right of such per-
sons to vote" but at the same
time emphasized that the decision
should not be construed to mean
that contract rights can be en-
forced under the civil rights law.
The government filed its suits
under the 1857 Civil Rights law,
charging interference with the
Negroes right to vote.
The landowners answered by
saying that mechanization of their
farms have made it no longer nee
cessary for them to require the
services of the Negro sharecrop-
pers.
Meanwhile, a number of shoot
ing incidents have been reported
involving the tent city in which
one of its occupants is said to
have suffered a slight wound.
The tent city is located on land
owned by a Negro farmer, Shep-
pard Towles.
Jackson advocate., 1961-01-07
Ask Military Buy
More Oil In U.S.

Washington - A Substantial
diversion" to the United States Of
100000 barrels daily of foreign
military petroleum purchase has
been suggested to help alleviate
the nations current balance of
payments dilemma.
L. Dan Jones, counsel for the
Independent Petroleum Associa-
tion of America, wrote Secretary
of Defense Thomas S. Gates that
U. S. purchases of S225, 100000 a
year of foreign petroleum prod
ucts represent "a substantial fac
tor in the balance of payments
problem"
The IPAA spokesman detailed
the growth in Defense Department
buying of foreign petroleum prod
ucts other than heavy fuel oil.
Foreign products represented 31.1
percent of total military purchases
of these fuels in the first half of
1860, up from IL percent in 1853,
he said.
Aviation gasoline, motor gaso-
line, jet fuels and diesel oils can
be supplied from refineries in the
United States which are now op-
Grating at the depressed rates of
80 to IS percent of capacity"
Jones said.
He noted that in fiscal 1860
the Defense Department contract
ed for about II billion gallons of
bulk petroleum products at a cost
of $1,092, ,691 900, including $274,-
$4,000 for offshore purchases of
all types of products.
at can be seen," he said, "that
the foreign purchase of petroleum
is an important factor"
He commended the November Is
action by President Eisenhower di-
recting the Secretary of Defense
to "take promptly all possible
steps" to reduce "by a very
substantial amount" the 1861 for
eign expenditures for the military
services and the military assist
ance program.
Jones said IPAA had been con-
cerned "for some years" with the
increase in foreign oil purchases,
and added, 1--WE are, therefore,
gratified that the presidents di-
rective calls for a reduction in the
purchase of products from foreign
sources which should result in
greater utilization of crude pc
troleum produced in the United
States"
He said diversion of these oil
purchases from abroad to domes-
tic sources mot only would alle-
viate the balance of payments
nroblem but also would further
the governments objective under
the mandatory oil import pro-
oram." %.
Jackson advocate., 1961-01-07
Pan-African
Continued from Page One)

ton, has not been invited to Casa
blanca, it was reported here.
(Tunis reports have stated that
Morocco's King Mohamed V in
vited Mr.. Bourguiba but that the
latter reserved his reply" Mo-
roccan quarters deny this.)
Source close to the Moroccan
Foreign Minister said President
Nasser had accepted an invitation
to Morocco whether the confer
ence took place or not.
An invitation was first extended
to the U.A.R. President by Crown
Prince Moulay Hassan more than
two. years ago. It was renewed
when King Mohammed inaugural
ed work on the Aswan High Dam
with Mr.. Nasser last January.
The Congo and Mauretania af-
fairs have tended to thaw the
rather chilly relations between
Rabat and Cairo, at their coolest
during the Riff uprising two win
ters ago, when some Moroccan
quarters charged Egyptian inter-
ference in the riff.
However, it is understood here
that Cairo has agreed to use its
new U. N. Security Council seat
to continue to back Moroccan op-
position to admission of Maure-
tania to the United Nations. Cairo,
like the Soviet Union, which We
toed admission Of the new repub-
lie last month, supports Rabat's
claims to that territory.
President Nasser also has a.
greed in recent months to send
more professors and technicians
to Morocco. The Moroccan and
U. A. r. governments also are in
agreement that Patrice Lumumba
is still the legal premier Of the
Congo with his Parliament's back
ing.
Due to the two-year Bourguiba-
Nasser quarrel over U. A. r. heg-
emony in the Arab league, it is
presently considered inconceivable
that the two would sit down at
the same conference table.
Tunisian News Dropped
Since Mr.. Bourguiba recognized
Mauretanian independence, the
Jackson advocate., 1961-01-07
United Nations
CONTINUED from Page One)

Continued from Page One)
of last July, but Mr.. Hammarsk-
jold was forced to postpone the
trip because of the Congo crisis.
In September, South African
Foreign Minister Eric Louw ex-
tended a new invitation, this time
for early January.
Mr.. Hammarskjold expects to
confer with South African leaders
in an effort to ease the African
tension caused by South Africa s
racial segregation laws. The Sec
retary- Generals assistance was re-
quested by the UN Security Coun-
Gil last April.
Meanwhile, in the Congo, the
rebel regime in Stanleyville sent
troop reinforcements into neigh
boring Kivu Province Tuesday to
tighten its hold on one of the
Congo's richest food-producing
areas.
A UN spokesman said the pro-
Communist regime or former Vice
Premier Antoine Gizenga appear
ed to have Kivu Province under
it's control following the kidnap-
ping of provincial President Jean
Mirohu and three ministers of
the provincial government.
Mr.. Mirohu was long consider
ed supporter of ex-Premier Pa
trice Lumumba, but was only
lukewarm in his support for Mr..
Gizenga.
Mr.. Gizenga declared himself
premier of the Congo after Mr..
Lumumba's arrest and named
Stanleyville as the new national
capital.
The pro-Western regime Of Col.
Joseph Mobutu has decided to
try to starve out the Stanleyville
rebels with an economic blockade
to avoid unnecessary fighting.
1t was possible that Mr.. Gizen-
ga would try to win Mr.. Mirohu
end his ministers firmly to the
Stanleyville cause and then per-
NIT them to return to Kivu's capi-
tai, Bukavu. Kivu is a southern
neighbor of Oriental Province, of
which Stanleyville is the capital.
Jackson advocate., 1961-01-07

Moroccan Government radio and
semiofficial news media here have
ceased reporting Tunician affairs
and now mention Morocco's sister
North African state only in con-
nection with the Algerian war.
The Moroccan radio received or
ders Dec. % to prepare document
ary programs on the Congo prob
lem for use in connection with the
Jan. 2 conference it has been
learned here.
King Mohammed has postponed
his scheduled trip to the Near
East and Asia because Of the con-
ference and diplomatic exchanges
with other African states con-
cerning the conference now con-
tinuing.
Jackson advocate., 1961-01-07
Jobs In Michigan
Turn On Sharp
Growth

Ann Acknowledgements economy
will have to grow at nearly twice
the current national rate in order
to provide full employment for its
residents during the Sixties, ac-
cording to Prof. Paul w. Nc
Cracken of the University of Mich
igan School of Business Admins
tration.
McCracken, a former member of
Pres. Eisenhower's Council of Eco
nomic Advisers, emphasized the
need for stepped-up growth in re-
leasing a report on taxation pre-
pared by nine e-out-of-state experts
from universities and business
groups.
Jackson advocate., 1961-01-07

uct prices. BY the same token
higher labor costs as we'll as in
creases in other elements of costs
facing the producing segment OF
the industry, must be reflected in
higher crude oil prices"
Oil industry earnings, he said.
now at levels substantially below
the national industrial average,
leave no other alternative, Hope
added.
Jackson advocate., 1961-01-07
White Woman
CONTINUED from Page One

granted probation to Mrs. Lands
On the condition she pay a $3.50
fine imposed previously, and stay
out of trouble. He suspended a
six-month Jail sentence on her
plea of guilty to malicious mis-
chief.
Mrs. Lands, who had admitted
to police here that her story of
the attack was a hoax, in Septem-
ber was fined $500 by Police Judge
Rodney Weiss after she was found
guilty of making a false report
to police. In this instance, she
received the maximum penalty
that could be assessed for the of
fense.
Jackson advocate., 1961-01-07
Discrimination.
CONTINUED from Page One)

Continued from rage One)
Treatment for NEGRO Members and
have corresponded with the Foun-
dry Workers international office
concerning discriminatory prac-
tices of the union and have re-
uuested that consideration be given
Negroes to hold policymaking po-
Jackson advocate., 1961-01-07

sitions in the international.
The Committee for Equitable
Treatment for Negro Members is
headed by Ashfield Grant, chair
man and Lester ]. Noble, secre-
tary. both of New York City.
Jackson advocate., 1961-01-07

WEEKLY QUOTATION: The
man who gives me employment,
which | must have or suffer, that
man is my master, let me call him
what l will.-Henry George, on
social problems.
Jackson advocate., 1961-01-07

veterans who died in service or
following service, died as a result
of a service-connected disability
are eligible for CT home benefits.
Jackson advocate., 1961-01-07

SOMETHING THAT MADE ME
LAFF: The Parish Streeters talk
ing about the new look in Bill
Edward Lees eyes since he's about
to again become the big man at the
Elks Club with Vic Jones only the
Exalted Ruler.