davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-01-01
Latin America
BY HAROLD X. MILKS

HAVANA-The coming year viii
show whether Fidel Castro's Cuba
can become the tail that wags the
Latin American dog.
Virtually every Latin American
country has political and economic
problems which Castro and his
Kremlin supporters hope to ex-
ploit into revolutions to replace
elected governments with regimes
patterned after Cuba's.
It appears, however, that Castro
viii have his hands full at home.
Economic trouble and growing in
surgent opposition may topple his
2-year -old regime before promised
Soviet aid can become effective.
While the Latin American pic
ture Is not rosy. 1t looks better
than at the beginning of 1860.
Argentina hopes for economic
progress under President Frondizi,
despite opposition from all sides.
Followers Of ex-Dictator Juan d.
Peron and Communists will con-
tinue their disruptive tactics. And
the army is restless. demanding
stronger measure against the
subversives.
Brazil, another country laden
with economic problems. stakes its
hopes on President-elect Janio
Quadros. who as Governor of Sac
Paulo turned that state into q
prosperous industrial region.
Chile is plagued by imitation.
For President Allessandri, fighting
wage and price spiral. 1851 can
be the year he becomes a great
President or a ruined one.
President Betancourt Of Vene-
zuela faces continued opposition
from Leftist Castro supporters.
But the way he handled the pro-
Castro riots in 1860 promises
greater stability for this minerals
rich nation.
Elsewhere in Latin America.
Communist infiltration will re-
main the big problem. II Castro
and his pro-Communist regime
thrive, all Latin America faces a
turbulent 1861.
Evening star., 1961-01-01

relaying certain information from
other government agencies, said
plane based at Adana, Turkey,
was missing after the pilot had.
radioed his oxygen supply was
failing. The plane, with its
Dlacked-out pilot. the statement
suggested. might have wandered
inadvertently over Soviet territory.
Then Mr.. Khrushchev dropped
his other shoe. He told a session
Of the Supreme Soviet-and the
world-that the American plane
was q U-2 Spy plane" a super
high-altitude. specially designed
jet for aerial reconnaissance.
What was more, he revealed that
the plane had been shot down
over Sverdlovsk, far inside the
Soviet Union, that the pilot had
been captured and had confessed
his mission.
There followed q bewildering
succession Of curious moves in
Washington. eliminating In q
formal State Department state
nnent admitting the Khrushchev
ch harge es. When the Soviet Pre-
mier declared that he was sure Mr..
Eisenhower was unaware Of the
U-2 flight, the White House an
nounced bluntly that he was. The
bizarre details Of this misadven-
ture in espionage bafiied diplo-
mats all over the world, long ac-
customed to the dissemblings and
denials recognized as routine in
cases where spy is caught with
his hand In the cookie jar
Whether Mr.. Khrushchev used
the U-2 affair as q convenient ex-
cuse to. torpedo the summit for
his own purposes, or whether he
was genuinely angered at what he
regarded as United States perfloy
cannot be known. But the sum-
NIT was torpedoed. The states
men went to Geneva, but never
met in formal session because the
Soviet chief demanded an apology
for U-2 and q guarantee that
there would be no more such
flights.
Evening star., 1961-01-01
Britain
BY TOM OCHILTREE

LONDON.-Britain faces 1851
with an odd mixture Of hopes
and fears.
This is particularly true on the
economic front. Says London
banker: 1881 will either be a
year Of happy progress or a
shocker. I believe we are heading
for more prosperity, but that's
just q guess"
Production is still high and
unemployment low. A credit
squeeze, however, has taken some
Of the bounce out Of business.
The big question Is the state
Of the United States economy.
Britain hopes Its trading position
will not be damaged by Wash
ington's steps to halt q drain Of
gold and dollars.
Britain expects President-elect
Kennedy to give a new sense Of
purpose to the Western alliance.
Diplomats In London are saying
privately: America will provide
strong leadership again."
Prime Minister Macmillan be-
Continued on Page B-4
Evening star., 1961-01-01
Disarmament

Years Of futile sparring have
produced no results in the search
for q formula for disarmament.
Statesmen of all nations praise
1t regularly, and warn that the
continuation Of the nuclear arms
race guarantees ultimate disaster.
But negotiations bog down even
as they begin; the Soviet demand
that disarmament itself should
precede international controls COL
lides squarely with the United
States position that controls must
precede disarmament.
In 1860. a special donation Dis
armament Commission met in
Geneva to seek out a chink in the
wall Of weapons, q common meet
ing ground from which the power
giants might move, however slow
ly, toward international control Of
the deadly nuclear afsenals and
the missiles poised to deliver their
obliteration.
1t failed, on the familiar note:
Mutual charges Of bad faith and
irlsincerity. The Soviet delegation
announced fatty that the West
was stalling: the West replied that
the Communist states sought to
gain advantage over their ad-
versaries by pretending disarm-
ament without. effective policing
arrangements.
Mr.. Khrushchev, at the United
Nations General Assembly in Sep
tember, renewed his previous de-
mand for total disarmament. The
United States and its allies stuck
to the position that the Soviet
proposal was cynicaliy unreal and
impossible.
With the issue as unresolved as
it has ever been, both sides are
marking time-and building mis-
siles-while the transition from
the Eisenhower to the Kennedy
administration is made. There
might then be a new attempt. But
many diplomats warn that any
real disarmament must follow, not
precede. the solution of the major
political problems dividing East
and West.
Evening star., 1961-01-01
Soviet Union
BY PRESTON GROVER

MOSCOW-At the Red summit
conference in Moscow. Premier
Khrushchev won continued domi-
nance in the Communist world.
But like other world leaders. he
faces some tough battles in 1861.
Khrushchev has committed
himself to get a Berlin and Ger
man solution in the coming year.
1t win be hard to get one palatable
to Communist Germany that the
Western allies will sign.
And II there is no solution,
there could be some stern mo-
ments ahead.
Internally, the seven-year plan
for industrial and agricultural
development ambles along. It was
hit sorely by bad weather in 1860
that cut planned production OF
meat. grain and other food.
Industrial production is grow
ing, boosted along by a real IN
crease in power resources. There
has been hurry-up construction
Of power dams. Distribution OF
natural gas has widened.
Russian production in many
fields will bear watching by the
West.
The skill Of Soviet scientists
continues high, raising the pos
sibility that q Soviet man will be
the first in 1861 to fly through
the cosmos.
Khrushchev seems to confront
no immediate dangerous interna-
tional or domestic political prob
lens. He has been i'll with flu.
but he has repeatedly shown
great capacity for recovery Of his
health.
But the year ahead could bring
another summit conference fail
ure, crisis over Berlin and crises
elsewhere. And In President Ken
nedy Khrushchev will face q new
leader In the Western camp.
(This dispatch, like all re-
ceived from Moscow. was sub
ject to censorship
Evening star., 1961-01-01
Africa
BY MICHAEL GOLDSMITH

LEOPOLDvILLE, the Congo
The problems Of the emerging
African states are gathered up In
the Congo. Forecasting the future
here is like playing roulette.
This year brought independence
to almost a score Of territories.
In the Congo the result has
been chaos. Although Col. Jo-
seph Modulus string of polit-
ical victories is impressive, four
months Of feverish rule have left
him far from unified control of
this sprawling jungle nation. His
main opponent, deposed Premier
Patrice Lumumba. is in jail, but
Lumumba's supporters have set
UP their own government in
Stanleyville.
While members of the United
Nations diverge on what course
to take for restoring order in the
Congo, the U. N. force Of nearly
10000 is as helpless as Mobutu
Evening star., 1961-01-01
Defense

Perhaps the most significant
military development Of the year
for the United States was the
fact that the Polaris missile
reached operational status and
was deployed at sea aboard q
nuclear-powered submarine.
This opened up whole new
era Of strategic warfare. It gave
the United States its first virtu-
ally invulnerable deterrent sys-
tenn and helped quiet talk Of q
so-called missile gap" between
the United States and the Soviet
Union.
With the submarines George
Washington and Patrick Henry
at sea. each with 16 Poiarises
Grange 1875 miles,, the United
States tripled its arsenal Of bal
listic missiles capable Of strik-
ing all parts of the Soviet Union.
(The Atlas ICBM became opera
tional in September. 1869, or IA
months before the second -gener-
alton Polaris. But base construc-
ton troubles have prevented the
Air Force from putting more
than q dozen or so on combat
ready launching pads since that
time.)
Like all other years. 1860 brought
its cargo Of disasters to the United
States. AS Americans continued
to kill each other with apparent
unconcern on the highways, a
collision between two airliners,
over New York last'month shocked
the Nation.
A jetliner and a Super Con-
stellation with a total of 128 pas
sengers and crew rammed into
each other, killing all. Six
more persons perished on the
ground when the jet cut a swath
Of destruction through a Brooklyn
block.
What the new year holds in
store is up to the seers and sooth-
sayers. They, like the Air Force,
which came up with q theory Of
relatively bloodless all-out nu-
clear war as a result, may turn
in their crystal balls for electron-
ic computers. They will need all
the help they can get in q year
(1961) which reads the same up
side down or right side UP.
Evening star., 1961-01-01
1861 Outlook: A World Survey
Of Chances for Continual Peace

to establish order or revive the
collapsing economy.
Up the West African coast, the
political problems are more So
phisticated.
For newly independent Nigeria.
Africa's most populous nation,
the problem is maintaining a
moderate policy Of nonalignment.
The consensus is that 1t can-if
the Western powers pitch in with
financial and technical aid and
attach no political strings.
The question for Ghana Is
whether President Kwame Nkru-
NAH. soured by the double failure
Of his pro-Lumumba policy and
his ambitions to become Africa's
spokesman to the world, will be
drawn more closely into the So
Wet orbit. Indications are that he
is allowing the Russians to pene-
trate his country's economy and
will continue doing so In hopes
Of building UP his prestige and
keeping up pressure on his neigh
bors.
To the south. the problem Is
still white man against black.
Many Of South Africa's 8 million
whites fear more racial violence.
even though the leaders Of about
IL million Negroes are in jail or
exile. The government has an
nounced 1t is farming to the
limit" prompted especially by
the threatened breakup of the
Central African Federation, long
considered a buffer between black
Africa to the North and South
Africa's white-supremacist gov
ernment.
Evening star., 1961-01-01
Civil Rights

On the active civil rights front,
Congress passed its second bill
since Reconstruction. q measure
designed to protect the voting
rights Of Negroes. The bill did
not satisfy the extremists on either
side. but 1t was widely hailed as
q moderate advance.
The year saw the appearance
Of q new technique employed by
Negroes to attain equal treatment
with whites in public places. This
was the "slt-in." q tactic started
by Negro students who entered
all-white establishments and sat
at the lunch counter-refusing to
leave unless served.
They were tossed out Of many
restaurants and others closed i'm
mediately for the day when the
colored group sat down. But the
tactic did break the color barrier
in q whole string Of Southern cit
les. In others. the break came
about without incident; biracial
committees worked with store and
restaurant operators to end the
discrimination.
Last fall school integration
came to the Deep South for the
first time. Two schools In New
Orleans were ordered to comply
with Q grade-a-year plan worked
out by q Federal Court. The op-
position was immediate and
fierce. Whites in New Orleans
and the Governor and Legisla-
ture Of Louisiana were bitter. The
former demonstrated in the
streets and boycotted the inte-
grated schools. The State ofiicials
passed one law after another de-
signed to foil the court, and the
court rejected them with regu-
larity. The battle still goes on.
Evening star., 1961-01-01

Average wages were up, but 30,
too. was the cost Of living.
Early last January the Gripping
steel strike, which had kept at
least 100000 men idle for well
over 100 days, was brought to an
end. The ricochet effect on other
industries had magnified its se-
riousness. But once production
got under way, the economy got
rolling In high gear.
Later in the year, however, eco
nomic danger signs began to APP
pear. Automobile sales were not
up to expectations. Pockets Of un.
employment began to dot certain
sections Of the country. The job
less total crept over the 4 million
mark. The experts began refer
ring to a mild recession"
Then. after the election, Treas
sorry Secretary Anderson and Pres
ident Eisenhower disclosed that Q
serious balance Of payments deficit
confronted the Nation. There was
dollar problem: gold was flowing
out, all too rapidly, from our once
huge stocks to foreigners. Despite
q hefty increase in exports over
imports-probably Is per cent for
the year-expenditures for foreign
aid. spending by tourists and mill
tary dependents and expenses Of
Government operations abroad
produced the deficit.
The President ordered q seven-
pronged attack on the problem.
including q reduction In the NUM-
ber Of military dependents over
seas. This caused . painful reac-
ton In the Pentagon and the
original goal was modified.
Evening star., 1961-01-01
First Of the Soaring Sixties
A Youthful Regime
To | axe Over Here
BY L. EDGAR PRINA
star stan writer

Ralph Waldo Emerson who said a lot Of things once
observed wisely and well that This world belongs to the
energetic"
The year which ended yesterday was the first Of what
everyone hopes will be the Soaring Sixties It was dominated
domesticay by extraordinarily vigorous young man who
adds astonishing sngeness of purpose to the Emerson
success formula.
He is John Fitzgerald Kennedy 4s, Presdent-elect
of the United States His razorthin triumph over Vice
Evening star., 1961-01-01
World Trouble Spots
Heed No Calendar .
BY FRED THEROUX
star stat, Writer

"By no stretch Of the imagination was 1860 happy
and successful year for mankind Queen Elizabeth Of
Great Britain told the worldwide British Commonwealth
on Christmas Day. 5
Tradtionally, the annual Christmas message from the
one OF and good cheer Indeed has become
this year. that the monarchs Yulede address is
"patitudinorS and bromide"
But the Queens words seemed to altogether
Evening star., 1961-01-01
The Economy

For most Americans, 1860 meant
continued prosperity and good
times. The Agriculture Depart
ment proudly announced that the
average American consumed 1883
pounds of food during the year.
Evening star., 1961-01-01

What is ahead, around the
world. In this brand new year?
The Associated Press sent that
question to key correspondents in
10 areas. Here are their reports.
Evening star., 1961-01-01

agitation and industrial expan-
sion continues. The balance Of
payments system is sound. Prices
are holding up well.
Evening star., 1961-01-01

Thus the year 1860 began
auspiciously; the first year Of a
new decade, the world seemed to
think, might also become the first
year Of new era. It might have,
indeed. But it didn't. Here is
what happened to the roseate
hopes Of New Year, 1860:
The Arizona post., 1961-03-03

PALM SPRINGS, Cal,
(JTA)-A strong plea for
"rededication of our ener-
gies" to a five-point priority
aid program for immigrants
in Israel and distressed Jews
throughout the world was
made to American Jewish
leaders here by Joseph Mey-
erhoff, general chairman of
the United Jewish Appeal.
Mr.. Meyerhoff addressed
The Arizona post., 1961-03-03
Mems Divisions Report Sunday

report meeting of all mems divisions of the Com
bned Jewish Appeal has been called for Sunday March
at 10 m. at the Center.
The mems division is in the clean up phase of the
campaign and all volunteer workers urged report
pagn go he top.
The Arizona post., 1961-03-03

more than 700 key Jewish
communal leaders from 13
states attending the final ses-
sion of the three-day Western
States Conference of the
United Jewish Appeal at the
Riviera Hotel. The UJA head
listed these five most import
ant aims for the 1861 cam
paign:
1. Help Israels people to
receive all Jews who seek
The Arizona post., 1961-03-03
UJA Proposes Priority Aid

weak to complete such recon
struction without help; 5.
Provide welfare services for
Jews in need in 26 countries
outside Israel.
The meet here formulated
action programs for local
community drives through
out the 13 western states to
mobilize maximum support
for the UJA's national 1861
campaign goal of $72,740.000.
The Arizona post., 1961-03-03

haven on their shores; 2.
Speed the building of crea-
tive lives for thousands of
recent newcomers who have
not yet been truly absorbed
into IsraePs economy; 3. Help
fellow Jews to settle in other
free lands; 4. Assist the re-
construction of Jewish COM
munity life in areas of Eu-
rope where the local Jewish
communities still are too
The Arizona post., 1961-03-03
IN 1861, THE UNITED JEWISH APPEAL MUST:

IN 1851. THE UNITED JEWISH APPEAL MUST:
Speed absorption of 100000 immigrants in Israel by:
providing 10000 farm settlers with supplies they need
to make ends meet expanding welfare and training
aid for some $4,000 aged handicapped and youthful
immigrants - housing many possible of 10000
living in immigrant ShantieS assuring all absorption
services for 10000 to $4,000 immigrants expected
in 1861.
Extend relief medical and rehabilitation aid to 255000
distressed Jews almost half of them children threat
ened by disease and hunger-in Europe Africa and Asia
Provide vital resettemen assistance for $500 refugees
seeking new lives in the United States
The Arizona post., 1961-03-03

handicapped, and chronically ill immigrants who
pouring into Israel.
Since then, JDC-MALBEN has provided
derful second chance for thousands whove suffered
life's worst blows victims of Hitler tyranny other
misfortunes and expressions.
Today, in its rehabilitation centers, hospitals
and homes for aged, MALBEN maintains $500
beds, serving immigrants other lands reject.
MALBEN - like JDC's other life-building pro-
grams in IS European and Moslem lands is made
possible by your support of the United Jewish Appeal
Give generously - and give an increased gift to
community campaign for the 1861 UJA.
The Arizona post., 1961-03-03

WITH THE HELP OF MALBEN, he'll learn to run the
loom Fingers left useless by of Htlers SIS guards
will find their lost skill.
A mans spirit will step out of terrible prison =
built with the bricks of despair and the mortar of
feeling useless.
AS this new, confident man emerges from the hell
of helpleSsness, another great human victory for
MALBEN will be celebrated
What is MALBEN? It's branch in Israel of the
Joint Distribution Committee, famous American
relief agency.
Ten years ago. JDC was invited to bring its know
how to the task of rehablitating thousands of aged
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-11-11
Board Of Trade
Sets Conference

The Metropolitan WASH
ington Board Of Trade will
hold its second annual Com
munity Appearance Confer
ence at the National Hous-
ing Center next Friday.
Victor Gruen. widely
known architect. will be
lead-off speaker for the
halliday session which will
begin at GAS am. in the
Center, 1925 L street NV.
He viii be followed on the
rostrum by Robert A. Fut-
terman. New York real estate
man who is author of the
book, The Future of Our
Cities"
The conference will con-
clude with a luncheon at
1915 pm. in the Mayflower
Hotel at which the speaker
will be Douglas Haskell, edi-
tor Of Architectural Forum
magazine.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-11-11

Alfred W. Kramer, with
James Carr Co.
Helen LASER. with George
town Properties. Inc.
Robert c. Miller, with
Crop Realty Co.
Jacob d, Moose, IT,, with
Lyman c. Dele a. Co., Inc.
Dearl T. Oliver. with Henry
c. Kracks.
Allan Z. Pinckney, with
Smiths Real Estate Co.
Marie A. Porter. with j.
w. White Realty q Invest
ment Co.
Kathryn Stewart Power,
with Realistings Corp.
Carol Ann Shapiro, with
B. c. Nichols Co.
Barbara w. Ferguson
Warren. with Georgetown
Properties, Inc.
William Wallace Warren,
with Howard s. Frazier. Inc.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-11-11
District Licenses Brokers

Samuel Dickson. with
Ralph p. Ripley Co., Inc.
John M. Drescher, IT., with
Joseph A. Giuliano Real
Estate, Inc.
Mabelita M. Feick, with
B. c. Nichols Co.
Jerome Friedlander, with
Robert H. Kent a. Co.
Ethel 8. GlAssman, with
Paul p. Stone.
Alice B Gordon. with
Sophia Wanamaker, Inc.
Robert H. Hahn, with H.
A gin and Son.
John j. Hartke, III. with
Korzendorfer Realty, Inc.
Franklin Weller Hynson.
with Burr N. johnson jr. and
Co.
Max Jeweler, with snider
Bros, Inc.
Milton U. Kessler, with I.
L. Chaser 81 Co.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-11-11

When selecting colors for
your home, always take into
consideration the type Of
lighting.
Fluorescent lights have q
tendency to accentuate the
blue tone of some colors: in
candescent, on the other
hand. brings out yellow tones.
For example. under fluores-
cent light, red takes on a
violet appearance. while I'M
der incandescent light, it will
seem more yellow,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-11-11

Recent license issuances
announced by the District
Real Estate Commission In
clude:
Reel Esfote Brokers
Curtis E. Martin Sales,
Inc. q corporation. and Cur.
tbs e. Martin. president. Cur
It's E. Martin Sales, Inc.
Thomas B. Edwards, vice
president. Lefcourt Sales, Inc.
Alfred F. Robertshaw, vice
president and treasurer, H.
J. Reoane. Inc.
Powell Phillips, Ia Byrd
Realty Co.
Reel Estote SoIesmen
Howard A. Dawson. ST,
with James A. Hewitt Prop
critics Management Corp.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-11-11

Also on the luncheon pro-
gram viii be the 21st pres
entation Of the Trade Boards
Biennial Awards for Archi-
tectural Appearance in the
Metropolitan Washington
area.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-11-11
williamsburg Gnlnntal Btplnmat Ramhlrr

With ormsze entrance o with double Williamsburg
windows and oy American ledge heoth pone
becmed ceiling fm Kitchen large bedroom with his her
additional double
club Leading
work shop
Milford chronicle., 1961-01-06
Common Monoxide
Stalks Its Victims

A killer that can be neither
seen nor heard again is stalking
his prey and only by careful safe
guarding against the menace can
you make certain that you will
not be claimed as a victim.
This killer is odorless and taste
less. and unsuspecting motorists
often are his victims. The killer
is carbon monoxide (CO), a gas
produced by the incomplete burn
ing OF fuel.
This enemy works by entering
the lungs of his victims and cut
ting off the supply of oxygen
that must combine with a persons S
red blood cells in order to main
tain life.
In order to accomplish his mis-
sion co must strike while the
victim is confined in a stuffy, un-
ventilated place. A person sitting
in a tightly closed automobile,
subject to a large dose of co can
be killed in as little time as five
minutes, in some instances with
no advance warning. Winter driv-
ers particularly are susceptible to
this killer.
Even in cases when the poison