davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-07-01
New Navy Chief

AS was the case when Admiral
Arleigh Burke was picked for Chief of
Naval Operations in 1855, the next CNO
will be relatively young admiral who
stands we'll down on the seniority list
Of high-ranking naval officers. Vice
Admiral George Whelan Anderson, jr.,
who will succeed Admiral Burke on
August /, nonethelesS has a record Of
service that well qualities him to be
the Navy'S top uniformed officer.
Whereas Admiral Burke's sea duty
had been chiefly in destroyers and
cruisers, Admiral Anderson is primarily
a carrier man. Naval aviation has been
his hobby and assignment for most Of
his recent years. His interest in striking
the enemy by air naturally fits in with
naval developments in the missile era
particularly the emphasis being laid on
Polaris-launched missiles.
=, In war as in peace, Admiral Ander-
son has shown himself to be both a
planner and tactician. He helped to
plan the Navy'S great carrier program
for World War II and he served aboard
the Carrier Yorktown during the early
phases of that war. After the war he
was made Chief of Staff of the Pacific
Fleet. More recently he has commanded
the 9Th Fleet In the troubled Mediter-
ranean. With such varied background,
the next Chief of Naval Operations
should be an able and persuasive repre-
sentative Of the Navy on the Joint
Chiefs of Staff.
Evening star., 1961-07-01

north. Not long ago, he warned the
West publicly that "a Russian Chinese
push to the Indian Ocean Is a major
aim in the Communist drive for world
domination"
Most recently, however, President
Ayub and his government have been
reported disturbed by increasing Ameri-
can attention toward the economic
development needs Of neighboring neu-
traliSt India and by what they feel has
been lack of support for PakiStan on
other issues. simultaneously, the Soviet
Union and Red China each have stepped
up their efforts to gain greater
measure Of PakiStani acceptance.
No doubt these matters will be
discussed here next month. They
should be approached from our side with
an awareneSs that we are not so
wealthy in friends and allies, who have
proved themselves, that this is merely
a ceremonial occasion.
Evening star., 1961-07-01
SoIdier-ANy to Visit

Whatever the precise reasons for
the change in schedule, it is good that
President Ayub of Pakistan will visit
President Kennedy here in early July
rather than next November. For If it
is correct, as speculated, that the earlier
date has been set because of recent
impairment In Pakistan-American rela-
tions, 1t is wise to move promptly to
correct the matter.
This soldier statesman who now
presideS in Pakistan's new capital city of
Rawalpindi has been a fortnight and
longtime friend of the West. AS a
matter of record, so has his country
from its first days of independence
shortly after World War II. A charter
member of the Southeast Asia Treaty
Organization and of the Central Treaty
Organization Successor to the Baghdad
Pact alliance), PakiStan made its COM
mitments early and without musing over
the possible advantages Of neutralism.
In these two defensive alliances,
Pakistan has occupied strategic
geographic position midway along the
Russian Chinese Communist perimeter
"a circumstance which has been highly
annoying to Moscow and Peiping and
should be comparably appreciated in the
capitals of the West.
British-trained General Ayub as
sumed power in late 1858, when the
need for political and economic reforms
in the geographically divided country
became urgent. He has made Substan-
tial progress on both, while main
tanning until very recently his out
spoken distaste for any dealings with
the two big Communist nations to the
Evening star., 1961-07-01
CommercioIized Capitol

Senator Gore makes a valid point
in attacking the "commercialization" of
some of the sightseeing services in the
Nations Capital. But in throwing stones
at the conduct of private guides in front
of the White House the Senator seems
to forget that he lives in glass house
himself.
We refer to the tight little COM
mercial sightseeing monopoly which
operates in the halls of the United States
Capitol. While the "a Capitol guides
are appointed by the SergeantS at Arms
Of the House and the Senate, they for all
practical purposes are operating pri-
vate business. The Is cents head
which they collect for shepherding
visitors around the building is tossed
into a pool, and divided among them
weekly. 1t would be unnatural, there
fore, if their primary concern were any,
thing but the size Of the groups they
can round up.
This, of course, is an absurd STU
alton. Capitol guides should be on the
Capitol payroll, and their performance
should be carefully supervised. The
tours they conduct, Furthermore, should
be free. 1t is an indignity which has
been permitted to exist for too long that
citizens who come here from the far
corners of the nation should be charged
a fee in order to gain working knowl-
edge Of the major symbol Of American
democracy,
Evening star., 1961-07-01
Full Circle

It was not long ago, during the
hectic days OF the campaign, that Ezra
Taft Benson was made a prime and
constant whipping boy by the Democrats
for his failure to solve the farm problem.
And whatever the merits of his pro-
poSals, 1t must be admitted that Mr.
Benson got precious little support or
assistance from Congress.
So next entered New Frontiersman
Orville Freeman, armed with a whole
batch of new requests for sweeping
authority to attack the problems of
agricultural supply and price controls.
And what has happened to the new
Secretary Of Agriculture? Why precisely
the same thing that happened to his
predecessor.
Within few days of one another
last week the Senate and then the House
Agriculture Committees dismembered
the administration proposals, one by
one. What they left was essentially
the same old set of farm policies that
has been in effect for years, with little
prospect Of either a reduction in the
cost Of the multibillion dollar farm pro-
gram or lesSening Of the Stockpiling
Of surplus commodities.
To Mr.. Benson, wherever he Is, this
all must have familiar ring. And as
he reads Of the devastation which has
hit the fond hopes Of the new admins
tration there must be at least smidgen
OF compassionate understanding.
Evening star., 1961-07-01
Kennedy and Cuba

Your June 13 editorial
page devoted considerable
space to the Cuban invasion
story. The idea that the pres
ent administration cannot be
blamed for any mistakes be-
cause it inherited the prob
lem was brought up again,
and the leading editorial
wondered If we will ever
know "whot hoppen." Early
last fall there was a young
Senator from Massachusetts,
who went about the country
telling one and all that he
knew all about the grave
problems confronting this
Nation and that he and his
party knew exactly how to
deal with them. In fact he
implied that nobody else but
he and his party could cope
with the situation, and that
he welcomed the responsible
ity. This should lay to rest
the theory that this present
administration cannot be
held responsible for any mis-
takes made when dealing
with inherited problems.
Also. I remember a speci-
fic debate. the greater part
OF which was given over to
the Cuban question, and the
Senator from Massachusetts,
chided the Vice President
because the Eisenhower ad-
miniStration had not acted.
Perhaps if your editorial
writer will break out a tran
script of this debate, which
the dewey-eyed news COM
mentators and columnists
said the Senator won, he
might find some clue point
ing to what happened. No
doubt by now, the ex-Sena-
tor from Massachusetts has
learned it is easier to win a
debate than it is to win an
invasion.
M. ID. Kennedy.
Evening star., 1961-07-01
Harold E. Ramsey.

disturbances" about which
some city officials were orig
inally so apprehensive.
Here is how this right to
pass" business works if there
is no policeman present. Even
though sidewalks are reserved
for the public, I once request
ed passageway through a
double row of cars parked
bumper to bumper and three
abreast on the sidewalk at
the service entrance of a local
auto agency. These cars were
so closely parked that pedes-
trians were forced to walk
out into the street, into morn
ing rush-hour traffic. The
agency representative I talk
ed to, raved and ranted so
loudly that one would have
thought the pedestrians were
violating the regulations, not
him or his agency. If he had
had a license to usurp the
sidewalk for his business, he
probably would have had all
the pedestrians arrested on
the spot, as public nui-
sances" or something. (In-
cidentally, not one single car
was moved, either)
Further, If anyone feels
that something is needed to
make the streets of Wash
ington more exciting" he
should experience the thrill
of trying to walk across any
of them at the height of the
rush hour traffic putting
his faith implicitly in the
WALK" signs. Or, better yet,
he should stroll through the
side streets and parks of the
city-after dark.
1t is unfortunate that more
persons we're not present at
the hearing to state the prac-
tical factors instead Of the
speculative.
r. G.
Evening star., 1961-07-01

Sidewalk cafes must be
fabulous things, II one can
bring himself to believe all
the optimistic but unsupport-
ed claims made for them at
the recent hearing on the
subject.
These encroachments on
public space will add sparkle
to the city's streets, enhance
leisure-hour recreation, help
revitalize the business COM
munity, make the streets Of
Washington more exciting" "
and, what's more, they are
"philosophically justified" So
there.
Lost somewhere is the basic
fact that sidewalks were made
for the movement of pedes-
trian traffic, not for the con-
duct of private business. Does
anyone believe that pedestri-
an traffic is decreasing? Does
anyone believe that there is
now an excess of sidewalk
space on one of the city's
busiest corners, space which
can now be converted to the
conduct of private business?
I doubt that Washington
needs a batch Of new regula-
tions whose sole purpose is to
legalize the conversion Of
public space to private use.
The city does appear to need
firm, consistent enforcement
of existing regulations whose
purpose is to preserve public
space for the use of the gen.
eral public.
Even now, with ordinances
restricting the use of public
space, businesses are con-
stantly encroaching on pedes-
trian areas: Automobile sales
agencies, garages. parking
lots, and others. Under the
existing system, one can point
out violations to the police,
Evening star., 1961-07-01

and expect corrective action.
But, if the District starts is
suing licenses for the use Of
public space, it will be i'm
possible for a pedestrian to
determine who is chiseling on
the public space and who is
legally" entitled to do busi-
ness on it.
Further, If permission is
granted one establishment,
who could then deny any
other application, whether it
be from another restaurant,
a furniture store, a clothing
store, ETC.? Soon L'Enfant's
"City of Magnificent Dis
tances" would appear to be
one tremendous rummage
sale. People could sit "out-
doors to look at the distances"
clear to the store next
door!
Someone mentioned that
an outdoor cafe would be a
great tourist attraction. Let's
see, now. If each tourist re-
lakes for one hour in this
outdoor ice cream parlor, If
the cafe can seat 100 persons
at a time and if it can operate
18 hours a day for 6 days a
week-it can serve Washing
tons 100000 tourists in just
under 5000 days a year!
And how long would 1t be
under operation as an ice
cream parlor before someone
would feel that the inside"
customers were being denied
the right to drink in the open
air, just as the malted-milk
drinkers were doing?
Who is going to insure
that there is always a pedes-
trian lane left open? Since
Washington is suffering from
a shortage of policemen will
not each pedestrian have to
insure his own passageway?
This could we'll lead to those
Evening star., 1961-07-01
Burke VS.. Rickover

Admiral Arleigh Burke
refuteS Admiral Rickover's
statement that fewer naval
officers are needed. Ad-
miral Burke claims that we
do not have a sufficient num-
ber of experienced naval
officers. Why then, Admiral
Burke, did the Navy press so
hard to have Congress pass
the Hump Bill" which forced
out thousands Of experienced
WWII commanders and cap
tains in the 40-year bracket?
f. L. Laurie.
Evening star., 1961-07-01
Greeks Stood Firm

AS the crisis over Berlin
approaches. we would do we'll
to remember the account
Herodotus gave of a similar
situation during the struggle
between the Greeks and the
Persians.
The Persian king sent en-
voys to q Greek city to de-
mand its submission to him.
The city must submit or be
destroyed. The Greeks replied
that they would not submit
to slavery at any price, even
peace. They were Greeks,
they said, and knew the
sweetness of freedom. The
Persians were slaves, but had
they ever known freedom,
they would not say to the
Greeks, Submit" but rather,
Fight not only with your
spears. but with your hands
as we'll"
The Greeks fought, and
they won. Athens led the way
with her concept of democ-
racy. Europe-and the West
won; the alternative was
the East and slavery.
1t is too much to compare
the United States to Athens.
However, we owe 1t to our
selves and to the rest Of the
Free World to defend our
freedom at any cost. From
Athens down to our own
brothers fighting In Korea.
we have examples Of how we
must conduct ourselves, and.
if necessary. how we must
die for "the sweetness of
freedom" We must not only
hope, but we must demand
and we must be certain that
the leaders of the United
States will stand firm on
Berlin, and that freedom will
be defended. Let us not ac-
cept promises; we must show
the modern "Persians" that
we will fight with our hands
if necessary.
Francis C., Brooke, III.
Evening star., 1961-07-01
For the Record

Having been out Of town,
I have just seen the article
in The Evening Star of June
20, which states that, speak
ing for the District of Colum-
bia Education Association, l
suggested an education bud
get of $100,000,000 to the Dis
trict Board of Education.
The suggestion was made
by another witness. repre-
senting a different organiza-
tion. Copies of my testimony
were made available to the
reporters present. In fairness
to the members whom I rep
resented may I ask for a cor
rection of the record?
Sidney H. levin.
Editors Note: The Star
regrets the error.)
Evening star., 1961-07-01
Corey's Sentiments

James E. Carey CVice Pres
ident AFL-CIO) is quoted as
saying that, if certain indus
trialiSts would withdraw
their support from certain
Southern Governors, race
discrimination would disap-
pear. He apparently wishes
to place the responsibility on
the backs of his capitalistic
opposites.
I cannot avoid wondering
what would be the result, If
the AFL-CIO should with
draw recognition from segre-
gated Southern locals.
Harold E. Ramsey.
Evening star., 1961-07-01
History of q Horse

In her letter to The Star,
Mrs. Eva Sarhoczy Lindsay
attempted to correct your
report that the "Lippizaner"
horses were brought to Aus
tria from Spain centuries
ago. She declares the horses
Of Lipica to be a Hungarian
breed brought into Europe by
her Asian ancestors about
1000 years ago.
Without trying to hurt the
patriotic feelings of the lady,
it is necessary to state that
your account of Mrs. Ken
nedy's visit was very accurate
concerning the origin of the
'Lippizaner" horses.
The LippiZaners are Of
Spanish ancestry. The Lip
pizaner derives from the fus-
ing of three bloodlines-An-
dalusian, Arab and to a les
ser extent, the Vilanos of
the Pyrenees. The Andalu-
sian horse was famous even
in Caesars time. The Moors
crossed the dalusian
mares with their Arab stall
ions and later, after the re-
turn Of Spain to Christian
rule, the Arab-Andalusian
was bred to the VilanoS in
order to attain a more
powerful mount which could
bear an armored rider.
The name "Lippizaner"
originates from the breed
ing farm at Lipica, Yugo-
slavia, which was established
by the Archduke Charles of
Austria centuries ago.
1t is interesting that all
Lippizaners are born dark
and do not acquire the beau
tiful milk-white coat until
they are from three to seven
years old.
The National Geographic
Magazine of September, 1858,
carried a very Informative
article on THE White Horses
Of Vienna"
TAo nnovNa
Evening star., 1961-07-01
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry Drtters' correct
names and addresses. All let
terS are subject to condenSd-
tion. Those not used tDill be
returned only Uhen accom-
panied BY self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-07-01
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Device Keeps Tabs on BoIIoonist
By THOMAS r. HENRY

progeny to determine the
amount of genetic damage.
Around the South Pole
temperatures in the six
month-long. sunless winter
night may be as high or even
higher than during summer
months Of 24-hour, intense,
hot sunshine.
This curious weather
anomaly has just been re-
ported by the National Acad-
emy of Sciences following
intensive study Of records
gathered during the Inter-
national Geophysical Year.
In any event. it doesn't get
any colder in winter. For
that matter Antarctic tenn
perature, the coolest on earth,
is full of anomalies.
"The difference between
the warmest and coolest
months in Antarctica is quite
large" the Academy report
says. 1T ranges from 40C
on the plateau to 2OC on the
coast. The drop in tempera-
ture is largely completed by
the time the sun has set and
is followed by a much slower
decline during the dark
months. giving rise to the
'coreless.' or flat temperature
curve during the winter
months at many stations.
Winter Oddly
Indeed, during part Of the
winter night temperatures
may actually increase. At
Little America, for example.
six years of observation show
that June, the month Of the
winter solstice. is 2.3C warmer
than May. This singularity
occurs not only at the sur
face but also in the lower
troposphere."
Failure of the intense sun
light during the brief Ant
arctic summer to cause much
appreciable temperature in
crease in the atmosphere, &C
cording to the report, is ex-
planned by the fact that 95
per cent of Antarctica is COW
cred with a brilliant white
snow surface. This reflects
from 30 to go per cent Of the
incoming radiations. Conse-
quently there Is very little
left to warm the surface itself
or the everything air. Very
little melting takes place, re-
gardless Of the sunlight in
tensity.
Evening star., 1961-07-01

A remarkable CelemeCerlng
apparatus for. recording in
stantly and continuously the
physical reactions of a bal
loonist in the stratosphere
has been developed by the
Navy's Medical Research In
stitute.
Monitoring Of the balloon
lists heart and respiratory
rates is begun several hours
before the flight and contin-
ued until he is back on the
ground. A continuous record
of heart and respiratory con-
ditions is transmitted to
medical observers on the
ground and in an airplane
at a lower altitude.
For recording heart beats,
flat electrode pickup disks
slightly larger than a shirt
button are held in place on
the balloonist by electric in
sulating tape. Small ampli-
fiers about the size of a Gig
arctic pack are used in con-
nection with these electrodes.
Each man carries a respira-
tory voltage measuring de-
vice. These are fed into a
transmitter with a range Of
about 100 miles.
The entire system weighs
about five pounds, not in
Guiding the batteries. Moni-
toring equipment is carried
in a specially designed air
craft, an ambulance and a
carryall. These vehicles also
track and follow the course
of the balloon.
Signals Tape-RecOrded
All the signals are recorded
on magnetic tape for future
study. In addition, according
to a Navy report on the work,
direct assessments of adrenal
gland secretions have been
obtained, as we'll as indirect
measurements Of protein me-
tabolism and white blood cell
counts.
Basic biological expert
ments also are underway in
the Navy's balloon program.
Fruit flies, house flies and
fleas have been kept aloft at
attitudes from $4,000 to 82,-
900 feet for Is hours in bal
loon gondolas where they are
exposed to cosmic ray actions
so times more intense than
at sea level. Department OF
Agriculture scientists then
examine the genetic make
up Of these insects and their
Evening star., 1961-07-01
THE POLITICAL MILL
The G. O.P. Organization for 1862
BY GOULD LINCOLN

With the election of Rep
resentative Bob Wilson of
California as chairman of its
Congressional Campaig n
Committee, the G. o. P. has
virtually completed its organ
ization for the 1862 political
campaign. Mr.. Wilson has
succeeded to the office for
merly held by Representative
william E. Miller Of New
York, recently elected chair
man of the Republican Ma
tional Committee. The Re-
publican Senatorial Cam
paign Committee is headed by
Senator Barry Goldwater Of
Arizona. Mr.. Miller, the ma
tional chairman, halls. from
the home State of Gov. Nell
son A. Rockefeller; Mr.. Will
son from the home State Of
former Vice President Rich
ard M. Nixon, and Senator
Goldwater. the third of the
(today) potential candidates
for the COP presidential
nomination in 1864, from his
own State. In a measure, this
means that the Rockefeller,
Nixon and the Goldwater
groups are all represented in
the party organization and
that all will work hard and
in unison for Republican vic
tory next year.
The Republican aims for
the 1862 campaign are the
election of a Republican
House of Representatives. for
Republican gains in the Sen
ate, and for Republican Gov
ernors to replace 6 to 8
Democratic Governors. This
may be an ambitious pro-
gram, but the Republicans
have been heartened by recent
victories at the polls-par-
ticularly the amazing election
of Senator Tower Of Texas.
first Republican Senator from
the Lone Star State since Re
construction Days, and by a
loss of prestige of the Ken
ne6y Administration, due to
the Cuban fiasco and other
blunders in international and
domestic fields.
A Sense of Unrest
The G. o. P. leaders, how
ever, realize that in the elec-
tions next year they will
tangle with the greatest give
away Federal administration
of all time-and the most
politically-minded. The Ken
nedy program, as it has I'M
folded and with much of it
jammed through the present
Democratic controlled Con-
gress, is designed to provide
dollars or Prerequisites or
Federal jobs for a great mass
of citizen voters. The Ken
nedy program. including
huge expenditures for public
housing, for schools, for
distressed areas" for addi-
tional unemployment COM
pensation, for many new
agencies Of Government and
new jobs, goes far beyond
the old New Deal program Of
tax and tax, spend and
spend, and elect and elect. |"
The Republicans say they
sense" a feeling of unrest
among the electorate, a feel
ing that it may have to pay
for all these new Federal
programs. as undoubtedly it
will. They also point out that
President Kennedy's election
last November was accom-
pliShed by a margin of popu-
lar votes so narrow as to be
almost indistinct. To gain
control Of the House of Rep
resentatives, the Republicans
must hold the seats they have
and take "A seats now held