davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-01-27
RoWon NoEned To
Sfufe Dept. Post
Confined from Page u

CONTINUED from Page ~
Rowan Has Won Many Awards
Since 1850, when he began re-
porting for the TRIBUNE after a
two-year stint on the copy desk,
Mr.. Rowan has won awards every
year, among them:
1851: Cited as 'MinneapoliSs
outstanding young man Of the
year" by the Minneapolis Junior
Chamber Of Commerce.
1852: Recipient Of the Sidney
Hillman award for the best news
paper reporting in the nation dur
ing 1857; cited by the Curators
Of Lincoln university, jefferson
City, Missouri, for high purpose,
high achievement and exemplary
practice in the field Of Journal
ism"
1858: Book. South Of Freedom,
named to the American Library
Associations annual list Of the
best books Of the year.
1854: Selected as one Of Amer
ica's ten outstanding young men
of 1853" by the United States
Junior Chamber Of Commerce;
asked by the United States State
Department to help interpret
America to Asians by lecturing on
The Role Of the Newspaper in
Social Change; recipient Of the
Sigma Delta Chi medallion for
''the best general reporting of
1858" for articles on the school
segregation cases then pending be-
fore the United States Supreme
Court.
1855: Recipient Of the Amer
lean Teamwork" award Of the Ma
Honal Urban League for "disting-
uished reporting Of national and
1 world affairs and for unselfish
leadership in fostering better race
relations"; recipient of the Sigma
Delta Chi award for "the best
foreign correspondence Of 1854"
for a series Of articles on India.
1855: Recipient Of the Sigma
Delta Chi award for "the best
foreign correspondence Of 1855" for
a series Of articles ON Southeast
Asia and for his coverage Of the
Banding Conference. (These for
eign experiences form the basis
for a book, The PitifuI and the
Proud, which was named to the
American Library Aspirations an
nuaI list Of best books Of the
year.")
1857: Authored the book, Go
South to Sorrow, an analysis of
the race problem in America, pub
lished by Random House.
1850: Book: Wait TIN Next Year,
Biography Of Jackie Robinson, pub
lished by Random House.
Rowan grew up amid economic
hardship in Meanwhile, Tennes.
see, where he graduated from
Bernard High School in 1912. After
a year Of study at Tennessee stats
University in Nashville. he jolnet
the Navy, In which he served tire.
Years during World War II.
At age 10, Rowan became ona
'Iof the first fifteen Negroes In
the nations history to be raised Il
officer rank In the Navy.
Rowan has studied at WashburT
} University, Topeka, Kansas; ober'
LIN College, Oberlin, Ohio, from
which he holds q bachelors degret
In mathematics; and the Universi
Ity Of Minnesota where he wal
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-01-27
IN MEAFoRIAM

In loving memory Of our dear
mother and grandmother, Mrs.
Nora b. Crawford who passed
away five years ago. January ~,
1866.
In Memory's lovely garden,
Where remembered JOY blooms
fair,
Your memory dearest Mother,
Is the brightest blossom there.
Sadly missed by daughter, Mrs.
Auzie Dial, grandchildren. Mr.. and
Mrs. Robert Lee Shoffner and
great-grandchildren, sonya Marie
and Robert Sonion Shoffner.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-01-27
1860 Passes I'm Review
Cuttings From Columns Of This Pepper
For PuSf II Months
July, 1860 (Continued)

Reuben B. Warren of Minneapolis past president of the
Mddlewesern Elks Assn and Edward L. Boyd veteran Elk
official took active parts the annual convention of the regional
group Omaha Disorders first week of freedom for
Belgian Congo The Minnesota State Baptist association with
Dr. Floyd Massey Jr presiding met July H. Cal Tanner
Chicago Ann Gregory of Gary Ind 59 Upper Midwest
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-01-27

of Chicago and Ann Gregory OF
Bronze Golf tourney champions re
peated by winning the go" crowns
Young Bros, barber shop chain
Northside location held a formal
opening for their new establish
ment, housed in a brand new struc-
ture. Negro investment firm
the Harry l. Wright Co., opened
offices on Wall st. Zion Bap-
list church seeks SIS, 900 for new
building program :. Henry Thorn
as, Phyllis wheatley head resident
Phyllis Wheately House received
a Masters degree from the Univ
erSity of Minnesota.
NAACP executive secretary Roy
wilkins, chairman Of the National
Leadership Conference on Civil
Rights hailed the Democratic ma
tonal convention platform plank ON
civil rights as a bold recognition
of the fact that our country re-
quires reaffiTmation of basic hui
man rights"
The University of Michigan Stu
dent Congress urges students at
the school to withhold patronage
from chain stores whose outlets in
the south refuse to serve Negroes
at lunch counters and store cafes
-. st. Paul Gospel Temple church
broke ground for a new addition to
its building Oscar Howard, cat
ering firm owner was given the
Minneapolis chapter Of the Geneva
Associations annual award for
Outstanding Food Service" .
The Minnesota State Baptists re-
elected the Rev. Floyd d. Massey,
Jr., president The first Negro
to break into big-time pro basket
ball, Charles Chuck" Cooper joins
staff Of Halle @. Brown Commun-
ity House.
Geri Hoffner Joseph, Democrat
ic National Committeewoman was
women's day speaker at St Peter
AATE church DR.. William Don
aid Brown, Jr., MD, joins his
father, DR.. Brown, ST., in general
practice Of medicine in Minneapo-
LIS The national convention of
the Republican party approved a
stronger civil rights plank after
intervention Of NY. Gov. Nelson
Rockefeller despite the protest Of
conservative northern Republicans
and southern Republicans.
Walls on the new st. Thomas
Episcopal church are slowly rising
at the new site at 44th q Fourth
AV. 6. The Minneapolis NAA-
CP has announced a voter regis
tration drive Mrs. Maurice
Howell il in Puerto Rico attend
ing an Institute on Leadership
Training and Responsibility.
August, 1890
Patrice Lumumba told an Amer
lean audience that the Congolese
consider American Negroes there
brothers The Minneapolis city
council unanimously rescinded q
gas station building permit at the
northeast corner Of 46th q Fourth
AX. s., after a protest by home
owners, PTA and interested citi;
zens in the area Jessie Shan
non, longtime church and fraternal
figure dies MrS Stanley (Lou-
vernne Noble) Williams received q
masters degree In education from
the St Thomas graduate school
Prentice Gary wins st. Paul Jay.
Gees Man of Week" award
Charles Mccoy files for represent.
alive in state legislature from the
S5th district.
A. Phillip Randolph, AFL-CIC
vice-preddent and DR.. Martin Lu,
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-01-27
NO NEGRO CANDIDATES
IN angel CITY

Los Angeles CAMP = For the
first time In many years declara-
lions Of intentions to rum for pub
lie office ran out last week with
out a single Negro candidate toss
ing his hat In the ring.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-01-27

Feb. o, 1851 - jefferson Davis
elected president Of the confeder-
acy by the Confederate Congress.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-01-27

Mrs. Auzie Dial
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-01-27
CARD OF THANKS

De Velma Newman
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-12-22

Is teaspoon sage
2 cups diced peeled fresh tart
apples
METHOD: Fry sausage meat in
large skillet until Drowned. Add
the butter and onion and saute
about 5 minutes, or until onion is
golden brown. Add remaining in
gradients, except apples. Mist just
to moisten all rice. Bring quickly
to a boil over high heat. Cover,
remove from heat, and let stand
5 minutes.
Then add diced apples and mix
lightly with a fork. Put stuffing
into poultry. Do not pack tightly.
Roast at once. Makes about 5-R
cups stuffing, or enough for a
large chicken or duck. For a IL
to 15-pound turkey double the
above recipe.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-12-22
Try A New Rice
Stuffing For
Christmas Turkey

The turkey, a symbol of plenty,
has been the traditional main
course for Thanksgiving ever since
the Pilgrims celebrated the first
Thanksgiving. However Turkey is
also the delight of Christmas din
ner tables.
Turkey stuffings, however, have
varied through the years so that
there's no one dressing that is pre-
ferred by all Americans.
Rice dressings have long been
popular with many families be-
cause rice is light and fluffy and
so friendly to other flavors. Rice
teams well with sausage, oysters,
fruits, celery, onions and other
seasonings, so there are any num-
Der of delicious variations of rice
stuffings you can make.
This weeks recipe, featuring
packaged pre-cooked rice combin-
alton with sausage and tart ap-
Piles, is perfect with turkey and
equally good with chicken or wild
game. It's a savory dressing you'll
want to repeat often with other
meat because it can be prepared
quickly and easily with good re-
suits each time you make it.
Sausage and Apple Stuffing
a pound bulk sausage meat
tablespoon butter
Il cup chopped onion
Ia cups packaged pre-cooked
rice
Ia cups water
1 cup diced celery
u cup chopped celery leaves
IL teaspoons salt
Is teaspoon pepper
4 teaspoon savery
Is teaspoon thyme
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-12-22
STAINLESS STEEL,
METAL FOR SINKS

Stainless steel and Monel metal
make excellent sink and work sur
faces for the kitchen because they
can stand hard use without show
ing the scars"
These surfaces need only wash
ing after use with plenty of hot
soap or detergent suds and rinses
to keep them clean and sanitary.
But, because both stainless steel
and Monel tend to show water
marks" a fastidious homemaker
should follow up by wiping all sur
faces with a dry cloth.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-12-22

same directions until all the layers
are used.
To wrap, place cake on card
board or plate, set on large strip
of plastic wrapping, and pull up
at top. Then tie securely at top
with Christmas ribbon.
Bourbon or Rum Balls
2-A cups Vanilla wafer crumbs
l cup finely chopped pecans
y cup Burbon or Rum
cup confectioners' sugar
3 tablespoons cocoa
2 tablespoons white corn syrup
Combine the vanilla wafer
crumbs and pecans. Place remain
ing ingredients in bowl and beat
thoroughly with rotary beaten or
electric mixer or blender. Pour
over dry ingredients and mix well.
Roll into balls 1-inch in diameter,
then roll balls in either confec-
TONERS sugar or finely chopped
nuts
Yield: about 40 to 4S balls.
Holiday Greetings!
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-12-22

the family is away from home.
The smell of freshly baked breads
is a great temptation and the ap-
petizing appearance is another
hazard. Better double the recipes
so the family can enjoy some too.
The Christmas fruit bread is
made with oatmeal and is chock
full of nuts, currants, and candied
fruits. The honey-jelly glaze makes
it look like huge jewel. 1t will
keep fresh for several days if
wrapped in moisture-proof saran.
The Christmas tree calls for the
use of whole bran cereal in place
of the oatmeal You could, of
course, make the tree using the
oatmeal version of the recipe. AL
though at its peak of perfection
when freshly baked this tree keeps
well for several days if thoroughly
wrapped. It's a good idea to heat
it in the oven before serving.
The date nut flake bread is a
good keeper. It freezes well, and
you may like to slice it before
freezing.
You can be certain when you
use breakfast cereals as an in
gredient that you are not only
adding interesting textures and
flavors, but you are also improv-
ing the nutritive value by the ad-
dition of protein, B vitamins, and
minerals.
Glazed Christmas Oatmeal Fruit
Bread
Bread
IL cups milk, scalded
1 cup rolled oats, quick or regular
uncooked
u cup butter or margarine
u cup sugar
IL teaspoons salt
2 packages dry or compressed
yeast
1 egg, beaten
2-% to 3 cups all-purpose flour
1 jar e ounces) mixed chopped
candied fruits
4 cup currants
4 cup chopped blanched
almonds
2 teaspoons grated lemon rind
Glaze
Il cup honey
2 tablespoons sugar
tablespoon currant or apple
jelly
1 tablespoon butter of margarine
tablespoon water
u teaspoon salt
Pour cup milk over cereal; stir
in butter or margarine, sugar, and
salt, cool to lukewarm. Cool re-
naming milk to lukewarm; add
yeast and stir until dissolved. Mix
together yeast, egg, 2% cups flour,
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-12-22
u cup melted shortening

Il cup melted shortening
1-hs cups uncrushed whole wheat
flakes, brand flakes, or corn
flakes
Sift together flour, baking pow
der, salt, and sugar, stir in dates
and nuts. Combine milk, eggs, and
shortening, add to flour mixture;
stir just until blended. Stir in GER
cal flakes. Turn into creased loaf
pan, 9 x 5 x 3 inches. Bake in
moderate oven $3.50 degrees F. I'M
til done and Drowned, about 1
hour. Cool in pan on rack 10 min
utes. Remove from pan. Finish
cooling bread on rack. Yield: One
loaf X 5 X 3 inches.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-12-22
New Source Of
Christmas Gifts:
Your Kitchen

Some of the most inexpensive,
and yet most flattering, remem-
brances for people on your Christ
mas list are cakes and cookies
you make yourself. Yet, some of
the most delectable offerings take
little time to prepare.
Here are two easy recipes -
for a memorable fruitcake - you
can bake either in flat pans or in
the form of a Christmas tree; and
for no-back cookies that will be a
holiday season favorite. In prepar-
ing these for your friends, season
each with the favorite liquor of
the recipient, and you will win ex-
ira praise for the results.
Quick-as-a-Mix Fruit Cake
liz cups brazil nuts G2 pound
shelled nuts, or l pound I'M
shelled nuts)
liz cups pecans " pound she'll
ed, or l pound unshelled)
packages az ounces each)
pitted dates
1 cup e ounce jar drained mar
aschino cherries
q cup sifted all-purpose flour
q cup sugar
q teaspoon baking powder
y teaspoon salt
eggs
l teaspoon vanilla
Put nuts, dates and cherries in
large mixing bowl. Sift flour, sug-
ar, baking powder and salt over
nuts and fruits. Mix with hands
until nuts and mixed fruits are
coated with flour mixture.
Beat eggs until foamy. Add van
lila. Stir into nut-fruit mixture I'M
til we'll blended Turn into two
well-greased small loaf pans, or
into well-greased graduated Brio
che pans, to form a Tree Cake
later. Spread butter evenly in pans,
packing down. Bake in slow oven
600 degrees F. about IL hours
for loaves, less for small pans. To
make 5 or 6 layer tree, double
the receipie.
After the cakes are cooled,
sprinkle with liquor, picking the
favorite of the person to whom
the cake is going. Wrap in clear
plastic to store.
Prepare frosting to hold layers
together. Place an unbeaten egg
white in mixing bowl, beat until
just frothy. Add l tablespoon
lemon rind and them gradually add
confectioners' sugar (abOut 2 cups
in ALL, until frosting is thick but
runny enough to pour. Invert the
largest cake onto a platter and
pour some frosting over, allowing
a little to drip down the sides
Place next cake on top and follow
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-12-22
all but 2 tablespoons candied fruits

all but 2 tablespoons candied fruits
(saved for glaze), currants, al
monds, lemon rind, and cereal mix
ture. Turn onto floured board;
knead until smooth and elastic.
Shape into ball; then place in but
tered bowl and turn dough over
once. Cover with damp cloth; place
in warm draftless area to almost
double. Punch down and turn
dough over once; cover and let
rise again until almost double.
Place in creased 10-cup coffee cake
mold with tube. Cover; let double
in size. Bake in moderate oven
$3.50 degrees F. until done and
Drowned, about As minutes. Cool
in pan 5 minutes. Turn out on rack
on waxed paper. Combine ingredi
ents for glaze and remaining can
died fruits in saucepan. Bring to
boil; cook to firm ball stage (244
degrees F.. Brush or spoon over
hot bread. Yield: 1 large coffee
ring.
Note: This bread may be made
with instant hot whole wheat GER
cal if the cereal ingredient listing
is changed to u cup instant hot
whole wheat cereal, uncooked, in
stead of 1 cup rolled oats, quick
or regular, uncooked.
Cereal Christmas Tree Bread
Prepare dough as directed for
Glazed Christmas Oatmeal Fruit
Bread, except reduce milk to
cup, substitute whole brand cereal
for rolled oats. Pour q cup milk
over cereal and dissolve yeast in
u cup lukewarm milk. Omit can
died fruits, currants, almonds, and
lemon rind. Cut dough in half. Di-
vide each half into 16 equal por-
tons; shape each piece into a ball.
Place 5 rows of balls on creased
baking sheet so sides Of balls just
touch one another. Start at the
top with one ball and end with
balls in 5th row. Add one ball for
the tree trunk. Repeat process with
remaining half of dough. Cover
and let double in size. Bake in
moderate oven $3.50 degrees F.
until done and Drowned, 10 to 20
minutes. Cool 5 minutes. Mix to-
gether cups sifted confectioner's
sugar, tablespoons each of soft
butter or margarine, and hot wat
er. Drizzle over trees while hot.
Garnish with candied or we'll
drained maraschino cherry halves.
Yield: 2 trees.
Date Nut Flake Bread
2-2s cups sifted all-purpose flour
4 teaspoons baking powder
2 teaspoons salt
25 cup sugar
2s cup chopped dates
2s cup chopped nuts
Ia cups milk
2 eggs, beaten
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-12-22
srsgs%


Bells ring out, carollers sing
and the laughter of little children
proclaim-"Chr is here!"
1t is a very special time Of year
"a time for sharing with others
the gladness and hope that is in
every heart.
And so has come about this
newspaper, to say in a very spec
ial way that these words are sent
with all good wishes that your
Christmas may be wonderful one,
and that the blessings of Christ
mas will be with you in all the
days ahead.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-12-22

USE TOWEL LOOPS IN
SMALL BATHROOMS

To save space in small bath
rood-especially one shared with
several small children - sew a
strong loop to a corner Of each
towel. Then towels can be hung
from cup hooks screwed into the
wall at different levels.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1961-12-22
CHRISTMAS BREADS ARE IDEAL
FOR GIFT FOR THE HOLIDAYS

It's good idea to bake lus-
cious gift Christmas breads when
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-20
THUNDERBIRD

THIRD SO hardtop: full power:
owner Butler Bonded: $685.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-20

STUDE. '55 station wagon; auto
trans, extra clean: only S4p5
]. p. STEUART SILVER SPRING.
INC, 1l4l East-West hwy, JU. g.
1884.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-20
AUTOMOBILES FOR SALE

STUDEBAKER 81 President Va
Classic" 4-dr. sedan: beautfu!
1 turquoise and black, with iimmac-
ulste original interior. Very plush,
/ indeed Every extra incl auto.
trans, power steering and brakes.
radio. heater. tinted glass, Wv.
/ etc. Special, SS95.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-08-13

SPECIALLY PRICED RECORD
. CABINETS BY UNIVERSAL
PA ORB 5000
no down payment, pay 600 monthly
Two beautiful, automatically designed record cob
inets from Universal of High Point, North CoroIino
Grated from solid hordrock maple with hand
rubbed finish, both odd warmth and grace to any
room. Unique shelving arrangement holds up to 500
LIP records or can be easily converted to serve
utility chest or comnnode and liquor cobinet Both
these Eory American models have solid bross hard
ware. New merchandise in cartons. for 114.O0
22C. This traditional design can be correlated with
neory any room design. Its clean lines ore compile
nented by hand rubbed walnut or mahogany foce
veneers The traditional model also converts from
q record cobnet to linen liquor cobinet Complete
with bross hardware New merchandise in cartons.
No down payment pay 500 monthly. 1895
RACK UP RECORDS, SAVINGS
ON DUCHIN METAL STANDS
I'D. Phonograph Rack and Satellite Speaker Stand
Set, new concept in design and finish. Vbrontly
styled in new White Beauty Crest finish thots bon
derized for long wear and enhances almost any
setting The large rack holds 100 LIPS costly plus
large monograph Satellite speaker stand has
coIorfuI top to match room decor. DJ8-88. 147
22E. Record and Phonosraph Stand of sturdy
metal construction. Record storage oreo holds so
LIP records costly while stand top holds your phono-
eroph or portable TV set In satin black color,
bonderized finish with big 2" eosy-roIIne costers
Dr. AT
2F. Portable Stand-Rack is fashionable as we'll
os functional. Holds we'll over | SO LIP records in
compartments designed to prevent worPing. 2
large end handles make moving the stand quite .
cosy Finished in bross color with bross knob leg
ends. BPRH3 627
WGL-Rodio, TeIevsion, Stereo,
Cont 1stE North RIuIdi
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-03-04

The U. S. Government does not pay for
this advertising. The Treasury De-
portmemt thanks, for their patriotic
donation, The Advertising Council and
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-03-04

Nobody has ever invented
a safer way to save money
than U. S. Savings Bonds.
They're guaranteed by the
United States of America.
Their value can't de-
crease-it can only go up.
At maturity every Bond
you buy will be worth 1/3
more than you paid for it.
And because the Govern
ment records every pur-
lily replaced if they're lost,
Evening star., 1961-02-22
WORDS, WIT
AND WISDOM
BY WILLIAM MORRIS

Many Of us wonder about the
exact meanings and pronuncia-
tions Of words we have run
across again and again in read
ing but never used in CONVEX
sation.. Here are 10 words you
certainly have a nodding &C.
quaintance with. But are you
sure you can use them accu-
rately in speech and writing?
The way we play Is to select
the lettered word or phrase
closest in meaning to the num-
bered word. After you have fin
ished all 10 questions, check
against the answers below.
Score 10 points for each cor
rect answer. A score Of 100 per
cent is excellent. But II you
score go or below. get out the
dictionary and do some home
work.
/. Manifest: (a) vision; (b)
showing Of hands; (c) list OF
goods carried.
2. Ameliorate: (a) to de-
stroy; (b) to tear apart; (c) To
improve.
3. Principle: (a) highest
ranking member; (b) basic
truth or law; (c) large sum oi
money.
4. Indite: (a) put in writing;
tb) plan a program Of action;
(c) cite points Of law.
5. Exceptionable: (a) supe.
rior: (b) Objectionable; (c) out
of the ordinary.
6. Collateral: ~ security fol
Evening star., 1961-02-22
DEAR ABBY
A Very Ciose-Knit Team
By ABIGAIL VAN BUReN

DEAR ABBY: Louie and I
are happily married, but
there Is one thing we always
fight about. He has five sis
terS and four brothers {.
all married. And we live
within driving distance Of
each other. Now, Abby, I
love his family but I would
like to see somebody else
once In q while. Not Louis!
All he wants to do is go to
one Of their houses, or invite
them to ours land you can't
invite one without the other).
Don't get me wrong; ! en-
Joy being with his family, but
isn't there something wrong
with q man who doesn't care
to make q few outside friend
ships? LOUIE'S WIFE
A person who refuses to
venture outside his own fam
lily circle for friends usually
lacks the initiative and self
confidence II takes to culti-
vate friendships. II you can't
help him, don't fight him.
4 4
DEAR ABBY: My Mommy
and Dabby got a divorce and
I live with my Mommy. My
Mommy says that Daddy Is q