davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-04-15
Modernized Plants Are Viewed as Key
To u. S. Competitive Position Abroad

terests. But. let's quit de-
ceiving ourselves.
What political leaders will
advocate eliminating veter-
ans payments, farm benefits
Social Security, and other
lopg-established items of ex-
pense? There is left only for
eign aid, and the less
thoughtful Congre S IN a n,
and the cynical, will attack
it with a recklessness which
we may live to regret.
Despite the fact that rs
per cent of the total. budget
is earmarked for the Ma
tion's defense and for debts
and obligations to veterans,
incurred in two world wars,
there are those organizations
which say we should elimi-
nate the income tax and
have less government. "
(The income tax provides
81 per cent of the total Fed
eral income. What would re-
place it?)
We already have just "a
per cent of government. "
Seventy-six per cent of the
budget is out Of the hands of
government" Here is the
critical weakness of tn e
right = wing conservatives
policy. They demand an end
Evening star., 1961-04-15
Macmillan
Denies Kennedy
Advised on Role

LONDON, April is (AP).-
Prime Minister Macmillan said
last night it was complete
nonsense" to suggest that
Britain had been advised by
President Kennedy to abandon
its honest broker" role be-
wten East and West.
Mr.. Macmillan was asked
during a televised news con-
ference what he thought Of a
recent report appearing in tie
New York Herald Tribune on
his Washington talks with the
United States executive. The
Herald Tribune said President
Kennedy had begun ito re-
assert the role of the United
States as a kind Of first among
equals" and said he had told
Mr.. Macmillan that Britai1's IS
go-between role with Moscow
was no longer needed.
Mr.. Macmillan looked faint
ly annoyed and then snapped:
Its complete nonsense.
He added that there had
been mo element of negotia-
ton" in his talks with the
President; it was a consulta-
ton"
Evening star., 1961-04-15
Flight Engineers Reject
eomsters' Merqer

the AFL-CIO would do nothing
to help a small union"
The FEIA, which is affiliated
with the .AFL-CIO. claims a
membership of about $500. The
Pilots Association has about
$4,000 members, and the engi-
neers have complained that the
AFL-CIO had not helped them
enough in coping with what
they described as membership
raids by the pilots.
Some Engineers have urged
affiliation with the Teamsters
Union.
'The council regretted the
failure of the AFL-CIO to
protect the rights of the Flight
Engineers" the council said,
but it agreed that FEIA should
remain Independent and
affiliated with the AFL-CIO as
long as the FEIA is able to
carry out its mandate"
Evening star., 1961-04-15
By the Associated Press

In the face of repeated sug-
gestions that they merge with
James r. Hoffa's Teamsters,
leaders of the Flight Engineers
International Association say
their union will remain inde-
pendent.
An FEIA spokesman here said
yesterday the decision was
made earlier in the day at a
meeting of the unions execu-
tive council in Aspen, Colo.
The Flight Engineers staged
a six-day strike last February
to protest a Federal Mediation
Board decision which they felt
would force them into the rival
Airline Pilots Association with
a resultant loss of seniority
rights.
Leaders of the engineers and
pilots unions have been meet
ing in Aspen this week with
representatives of major air.
lines and a commission named
by President Kennedy to look
into the dispute.
In a statement issued
through the Washing on
spokesman. the FEIA executive
council said several groups of
our members have been press
ing for affiliation with a larger
and stronger union other than
the Pilots because they felt
Evening star., 1961-04-15
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

1t will be years before. the Russians put
in The Kremln will take chances lady asro
naut landing in New York for old fashioned shopping
SPREE
Kennedy if get fresh water from salt water it'll
equal RuSsias mainspace feat If can't beat em to the
coSmonaut well beat em to the cosmonautcal.
One patriotic wife her husband will be the American
hero of the Now that the Russians throwing
their weightlessness around he's match for any them
Republican Leaders Dirken and Haleck, stars of the
"Ev & Charlie" show Kennedy of dumping surplus
on the market They'll for infringement of patent
Alex Rose of the HatterS Union Kennedy beginning
to like hats Actually it the hat that bothered
Kennedy, but the two-bts it cost to check it.
Republican 64 convention outlook: Kennedy's popular
ty continues to hold, Goldwaer will nominate Rockefeller
Rockefeller will nominate Godwater-and Nixon will second
the nomination of both.
Evening star., 1961-04-15
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Free World Outlook in Far East

in the United States. Secre-
tary Herter gave an open
helping hand to a minority
composed of students and
school children to overthrow
his regime.
The present fully demo-
cratic government is not
faring well despite the as
sistance it receives from
us. Economic conditions are
worsening, the students again
are demonstrating, and the
army-one of the strongest
and best in the Far East
is losing its spirit after
having lost its battle-tried
young leaders. This spirit
was kept alive by Mr.. Rhee's
frequent admonitions that
I'VE shall soon go north"
These now have been re-
placed by a wave of propa-
ganda in favor of unity with
Communist Korea on the
basis of a plebiscite. The
men in the services feel there
no longer is any real pur-
pose in military servitude."
Conditions in South Wet
Nam, despite the recent
victory at the polls by Presi-
dent Diem, are. near-chaotic.
No fewer than 10000 Com
muniSt guerrillaS are operat-
ing within a few miles of the
capital. Saigon. If the peace"
we are preparing to accept
in Laos becomes an actual
fact we may expect serious
disturbances in South Wet
Nam as well. This will lead
to our losing face in that
area too. And face" is far
more important in the Far
East than in any other
portion of the world.
Despite repeated heroic
statements from spokesmen of
the administration, there
are very serious doubts in
Eastern and Southeast Asia
about our willingness to re-
tort with force against the
encroachmentS of interna-
tional communism. 1t is this
situation which concerns,
more than appears on the
surface, the muzzled military
leaders of the United States.
Evening star., 1961-04-15
RALPH McGILL

In the exact root-meaning
of the word incentive"
President Kennedy next week
will set the tune in his tax
recommendations to the Con-
greSS.
Business will be offered
tax write-off incentives to
build new plants, modernize
old ones, or both.
There will be tax increases
in other areas to make up
for the losses. These will con-
sist largely of tightening up
existing laws.
1t would be helpful if we
would rewrite our jerry-built
national tax structure. But
until we do, we could use
some plain old-fashioned
common sense irbour attitude
toward taxation. If we look
at Mr.. Kennedy's budget of
$50 billion for 1861, this is
what we find:
National security-57 per
cent.
Interest on national debt
-12 per cent.
Veterans-7 per cent.
There is left a mere "a per
cent on which to use the
much recommended economy
knife. It could be used-if
it we're not for special in
Evening star., 1961-04-15
Possible Loss of Strategic Position
Against Communists Seen by Some

many years. We were drawn
into World War II by the
japanese attack on Pearl
Harbor. Even today, the
threat to the United States
comes principally from the
Red bases in Siberia and
Communist China, rather
than from Western Russia.
Our installations in oki-
nawa. Korea, Nationalist
China are Of major impor-
tance. So are those in the
free countries in Southeast
Asia as well as those be-
longing to the CENTO in the
Middle East. They all form
one strategic perimeter for
the defense of the free world
as we'll as the shores of the
United States. Yet it appears
that most of them are
slipping away from us,
Japan has a government
friendly to the United States.
But the trend among it's
political parties and its
people is to veer away
gradually from us as we
show less firm determination
to resist the Communist en-
croachments.
The probability, as it
appears now, is that the
peace" in Laos will result
in that country's becoming
another Red satellite. This
unquestionably would have a
strong impact on all the rest
of Eastern Asia.
The Eisenhower admins.
tration was responsible for the
success of the coup d. etat
which toppled the ROK
strong man. Syngman Rhee.
The aged patriot was not a
dictator. as he had been so
frequently described. But in
view of the dangers coming
from North Korea, he kept
a firm hand against all
possible infiltrationS and sub
versions and felt compelled
to curtail many of the
liberties we regard as "muSts"
Evening star., 1961-04-15
Reilly Heads
Armory's
Directors

The National Guard Armory's
board of directors yesterday
elected James Francis Reilly as
chairman and heard assurances
that the new municipal sta
dium - but not all of its park
ing lot - will be ready for the
Redskins opening game on Oc-
tober /.
The board discussed a dedi-
cation ceremony for the sta
dium but was reluctant to set
a date for it.
The board hopes President
Kennedy will attend the dedi-
cation
Mr.. Reilly's election was ex-
pected. 1t is traditional for the
only appointed member of the
board to be selected as chair
man. Mr.. Reilly was appointed
to the board last month by the
chairmen OF the House and
Senate District Committees.
Arthur J. Bergman, ,Armory
manager, reported the proceed
ings Of the closed meeting. He
said eight bids for beverage
and food concessions were
opened and that the board ha;
80 days to study them.
Mr.. Bergman said stadium
construction is now three week,
to 80 days behind schedule
But he said contractors as.
sured the board that the sta.
dium would be ready October /
He said it was doubtful i.
the parking area around thu
stadium would be finished BY
the target date, but that enough
would be completed for mos
crowds.
The section Mr.. Bergman
said would probably not be fin
ished is an area off Oklahoma
avenue NE. where several tenn
pos have not yet been ,razed.
Ay H.
Evening star., 1961-04-15
ALABAMA PROBE
CALLED NEGATIVE

SELMA. Ala, April is (AP) /.
In more than two years of
investigating Negro voter reg
istration. says circuit Solicitor
(Prosecutor) Blanchard Nc
Leod, Dallas County grand
juries have found no irregu-
laritieS.
The disclosure yesterday
came one day after the Justice
Department asked for a Federal
Court otdr to prohibit discrim-
ination against prospective
Negro voters in the South
Central Alabama county.
Since the Federal Civil Rights
Commission looked into Negro
voting complaints in Dallas and
five other counties in Decem-
ber. 1858, Mr.. Mcleod said, I'VE
Evening star., 1961-04-15

have been carrying on our own
investigation"
He added: I'VE asked the
Federal Government then to
give us the facts of any viola
ton so we could handle them,
but the Government has not
given US any information"
Evening star., 1961-04-15
AT Asks Units
To Aid Army
BY the Associated Pres,

The Air Force has proposed
earmarking II Of its tactical
fighter squadrons for special
duty in close support of Army
units in a limited war situation.
The squadrons, numbering
about 200 planes, would be
units now ticketed for general
elimination.
They would remain under
control of the Tactical Air
Command, but would be avail
able for call by the Army.
The proposal still is under
discussion between the Army
and Air Force. Among ques-
tions to be resolved is the
equipment of the units.
Pentagon sources said the
command of any special COM
bined force would be a joint
one. Depending on the type
of situation, it might be led by
an Army general with an Air
Force deputy, or the other way
around.
There were reports Of an
Army-Air Force dispute over
which service would pay for
this special air support opera
ton. But an Air Force source
said his service would foot the
bill because the units would re-
main under the Tactical Air
Command.
The tactical air force already
is assigned the mission of sup
porting ground troops. In addi-
ton to. fighters, this includes
troop-carrier craft, air refuel-
ing tankers, reconnaissance
and support planes.
However, some elements in
the Army have complained in
the past that the fire support
offered by TAG planes to Army
combat units wasn't doing the
job.
This new move to earmark a
segment of TAG for special
operations with the Army ap-
peared aimed at meeting that
criticism.
Evening star., 1961-04-15
Shriver to Visit
Africa and Asia

Peace Corps Director R.
Sargent Shriver will leave
shortly for Asia and Africa to
discuss possible Peace Corps
projects with leaders of six
countries.
Nigeria will be the first stop,
"a spokesman for the Peace
Corps said yesterday. He said
Mr.. Schriver would 'leave in
about a week, but that no def
mite date has been set.
The trip will take Mr..
Schriver, a brother-in-law of
President Kennedy, to India,
Pakistan, Burma, Thailand and
the Philippines in addition to
Nigeria.
Evening star., 1961-04-15
Need for Business Tax Incentives

to the income tax and 'less
government" Presumably,
since they do not believe gov
ernment should interfere
with the individual, they
would save by eliminating
all Social Security, hospital
construction aid, and all
other Federal participation
which touches the lives Of
citizens. That would be "less
government" with a ven-
geance and it would reduce
expenses-for a brief while
before the political roof fell
in.
Mr.. Kennedy, seeking to
run the Government with "a
per cent of the budget, has
cited the figures illustrating
the need for modern plants
and tools. The average age
of equipment in American
factories is 9 years. In
1858 a survey revealed more
than two thirds of machine
tools used by manufacturers
of general industrial equip
ment were over 10 years old.
Nineteen per cent were 20
years old.
It is to this situation that
the President will address his
recommendations. He and
his advisers hope the incen-
tives of tax relief will cause
a widespread moderniza-
ton of plants with a conse-
quent rise in jobs and
production. The long-range
objective is to raise the gross
national product.
The President is expected
to urge an end to several
"unwarranted" special privi-
lege tax benefits. and to i'm
prove tax compliance and
administration.
The Congress, Of course,
will become the target Of
lobbies. seeking to retain spe-
cial privileges. None of those
who enjoy such tax easements
regard them as unwarranted.
They have become vested
interests and are regarded
much as kings Of bygone
years looked upon their right
to rule as being divinely
instituted.
No one likes to talk about
it, because the Kennedy ad-
ministration has done so
dramatic and successful a
job of stopping the outflow
of gold and stabilizing the
balance of payments to the
point that slight gains are
being made.
But the cold and uncom-
Portable fact is that neither
the dollar nor the British
pound is out of the financial
woods. We can best bolster
the dollar by a big increase
in exports. We cannot do
that if protectionist and
isolationist sentiments pre-
vail. Henry Ford's recent
public warning against this
was most timely.
The tax write-off incentives
to business are the one best
hope for decreasing obso-
lescence and improving the
country's competitive posi-
ton with foreign goods.
Evening star., 1961-04-15

Regardless of the hopeful
and optimistic statements of
the administrations spokes-
men concerning peace in
Laos" an improved situa-
ton in South Wet Nam, a
"Stabilization" in South
Korea and an increase
of Americas popularity in
Japan, there are many in the
armed services who are deeply
concerned about the overall
situation. They fear that we
may face a loss of our
strategic position in the Far
East.
These quarters maintain
that, since the death of John
Foster Dulles, our govern
ment has been attempting to
parry the onSlaughtS of
international communism by
concessions rather than by
taking a strong opposition
stand. The fear of unleashing
a third world war, which
forced us to abandon a sure
victory in Korea in 1851, still
is haunting the thoughts of
our top strategists. Armed
services leaders point out
that since the outbreak of
the cold war we invariably
have come out on top when
ever we have offered a re-
solute and determined opposi-
tion to the threats of inter-
national communism.
Our military men point
out that the Far East is far
more important to the
defense of the United States
than it is to our Western
European allies. Ever since
the latter lost their colonies
at the end of World War
II, this vast area has become
important, especially to Great
Britain, only for commercial
purposes. To the United
States the Importance of the
Far East-or the remaining
free portions of that part of
the worlds essentially
strategic and has been so for
Evening star., 1961-04-15

said te 1887 State pupil as
signment law already provides
for integration in schools.
He agreed with the defense
that. legally speaking, segrega-
ton in the school system must
be considered voluntary be-
cause no Negro pupils had ap-
piled to the Board of Educa-
tion for reassignment to white
schools.
Race Not Mentioned
The assignment law sets up
% factors for assigning pupils
to schools. Race is not men,
toned. Negro leaders say the
law is a legal cover for segre-
cation.
The suit. backed by the Ma
tional Association for the Ad-
vancement of Colored People,
asked that the Board of Edu-
cations policy of compulsory
segregation" be enjoined. The
law itself was not the issue.
The State law permits a par
ent Ito take a case all the way
to the state supreme court, "
said Judge Boyd. "a colored
child has but to apply. :"
Negroes Dropped Effort
The defense agreed that Ne
gro students had applied for
reassignment, and argued that
they had not gone through the
entire chain of command but
dropped their effort before
reaching the board level.
A board lawyer said there
was mot one iota of credible
evidence that the board is
operating a compulsory segre-
gated system or one iota OF
evidence of bad faith in oper-
ating under the pupil assign
ment law"
However. during the trial
the Negro lawyers brought out
that Negro students receive
special handling under the
law, compared to whites.
Evening star., 1961-04-15

on the Armed Services Com.
mittee. said there had been ar
amazing" increase in the reaI
authority of the Secretary OF
Defense since the post was
created IA years ago.
This carries out the theory
of our Constitution and is good
in practice" Senator Salton-
stall said. He referred to a
constitutional provision for
civilian control of the military.
Proposals Under Study
Senator Saltonstall said the
new Pentagon chief was study
ing several proposals for in.
creasing the unification of tht
armed services, including:
Merger of the Army's crack
Strategic Army Corps-whicf
consists of three combat-ready
divisions able to move by air Of
ship to any part of the worlc
with fighting equipment-anc
the Air Forces Tactical All
Command under one unit.
Combination of the separate
Army, Navy and Air Force in.
telligence operations under &
single office.
Unified research and devel.
opment commands patterned
after the Navy project which
developed the Polaris ballistiC
missiles and the nuclear sub.
marines to launch them from
the surface or underwater.
Decisions Speeded
Senator Symington said thest
and similar proposals are II
line with recommendations Of {
special task force report on de-
fense which he made at thu
Evening star., 1961-04-15
Washington Embassy
Planned by Congo

LEOPOLDVILLE, The Congo
April is (AP).-The Congolese
Foreign Ministry said yester-
day the Congo intends to open
embassies soon in Washington
and Paris.
A ministry spokesman said
resumption of normal diplo-
matte relations with Belgium is
under consideration.
The former Belgian colony
broke off relations with Bel
gium last August.
Evening star., 1961-04-15
Courts Abolished

VIENNA. April Is (AP) -
Communist Hungary has Or
dered its peoples courts abol-
ished, radio Budapest sad last
night. The courts we're intro
duced in 1857 and mainly con-
cerned trials of anti-regime
elements.
Evening star., 1961-04-15

speech before the American
request of President Kennedy.
Senator Saltonstall, in a
Academy Of Political and Social
Science last night in Philadel-
phia, outlined these proposals
and lauded Mr.. Mcnamara for
speeding defense decisions and
increasing civilian controls over
the military.
Mr.. Mcnamara has been en-
gagged in a review of the De-
fense establishment ordered by
President Kennedy.
With apparent approval,
Senator Saltonstall noted that
Mr.. Mcnamara had consulted
individual Army, Navy and Air
Force chiefs on recent actions
but bypaSsed the Joint Chiefs
Of Staff, in which they act as
a body.
A Tighter Organization
He also noted that Gin
creased emphasis on public re-
lations discipline throughout
the Pentagon again suggests a
tighter organization"
All military officers, includ-
ing the service chiefs, have
been directed to clear their
public speeches and testimony
through a central office under
Mr.. Mcnamara.
While Congress will want
to keep a very careful eye on
Developments" Senator SAL
tonstall said, he predicted that
there would be a sympathetic
response to "the new Defense
Secretary's unusual combina-
tion of decisiveness, modera-
ton and expedition in his
duties"
Evening star., 1961-04-15
Gun Imports Bunned

MEXICO CITY, April Is
(AP) The Mexican Ministry
of Industry and Commerce has
banned imports of guns and
ammunition for sports hunt
ing.
Evening star., 1961-04-15
Symington, SoItonstoII
Both Praise McNomoro
By the Associated Press

Senator Symington Democrat of Missouri credits Secretary
OF Defense Mcnamara with exercising control the
defense establishment than previous Pentagon chief
Senator Symngton former Secretary of the Air Force
coupled this praise in interview with the comment And
I've known of all of them"
Senator Saltonsta of Massachusetts, ranking Republican
Evening star., 1961-04-15
Negroes Plan Appeal
Of Memphis Setback

MEMPHIS. April Is (AP)-Negro lawyers today mapped
quick appeal of Federal District Court decision against
their suit seeking immediate desegregation Of Memphis public
schools.
Judge M S. Boyd issued his ruling from the bench yes
terday after final arguments in the threeday hearing
Evening star., 1961-04-15

for your overwhelming oeeept-
once Of the copitoI Park Apot-
ments. the first privofsN spon-
sored apartment in The new
Southwest, odioeeni 10 the Town
Houses. Importoni Washington
fomilies ore enjoying O luxurious
residence in the center Of this
busy exciting city Of the world.
All apartments ore occupied and
ronY Of the Town Houses have
olreodY been leosed.
Evening star., 1961-04-21
Try for AII-Yeor Color in Planting Grounds

In planting the home
grounds, home owners should
strive for all-year color. Ever
greens will keep their green
throughout the winter and
summer months, while there
are many other trees and
shrubs which have interesting
characteristics such as colorful
barks, berries and branch or
tyig structures which can be
very attractive, even without
leaves in winter.
Evening star., 1961-04-21

There are five considerations
the home owner should take
into recount in selecting
shrubs: Cd are they easy to
grow; CD are they attractive
all year; CD will they bloom
at a good time; % can they
be used in flower arrangements
in the home, and 90 are they
hardy for the location desired.
A considerable number of
evergreen plants are desirable
TO assure green foliage on the
Evening star., 1961-04-21

many others that can be spec
tacularly beautiful in flower.
There is a long list of these,
particularly in the less severe
climates. Consult a nursery
catalogue, or talk over with
your nurserymen the different
species that will grow in your
location.
The deciduouS shrubs are
those which shed their leaves
in winter. Many Of these, such
Evening star., 1961-04-21

property all year. Some ever
green's will flower, while in
others the flowers may not be
noticeable, but the foliage may
be SO attractive that they are
very much in demand by home
owners. This includes such
plants IS the jumpers, cedarS,
Rrbor vitae. yews and similar
plants.
Flowering evergreen shrubs
include the rhododendrons,
aEaleas. laurelS, pieris, and