davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-04-27
RALPH McGILL

1t would not be accurate to
refer to Henry Ford II as
either a chip off the grand
father engine block or q
maverick. He has. to be sure,
some Of the qualities Of both.
In his maturing years he
speaks with more and more
Of the bluntness of "Old
Henry" And only rarely, If
ever, does he sound like the
organization man. But it is
quite plain that what he
really is is himselfan in
telligent product Of the
tough, worldwide economic
composition of the last half
Of the goth century.
In two recent speeches,
one at Birmingham, Ala,
where problems Of industry,
race and education are acute,
and in Minneapolis, MINI,
where the industrial picture
brightens, Henry Ford II
held up a warning finger
against this country present.
ing to the world at large
''the image Of a quarrelsome,
divided and corrupt society.
World communism could
not ask for a better gift than
this"
At Minneapolis he was. in
a sense, a David who smote
the dull-witted Goliath Of
Status Quo squarely between
the eyes with the stone of
truth. 1t Is dismaying how
few leaders of American in
dustry see that no industrial
society can any longer live
unto itself. The American
free enterprise system must
be able to compete in the
world market to survive.
With the Red Chinese per-
haps Is or 80 years away
from becoming formidable
world competitors of both
Russia and the United States,
it is only the wilfully blind
who fail to see that the ele-
Evening star., 1961-04-27
DORIS FLEEsoN
Stealing of Republican Thunder in Case
. Believed Wise Course for Kennedy

President Kennedy would
be well advised to spend less
time explaining the Cuban
.fiaSco to Richard Nixon,
Gov. Rockefeller and Sena-
tor Goldwater and more at
tention to training some
Democratic commandos to
steal the Republican thunder
on this issue.
For in case his legislative
leaders have neglected to tip
him off. he has less chance
Of persuadins the main body
of Republicans in Congress
to lay off his Cuban errors
than Fidel Castro has Of
being named the father of
the year.
House Republican Leader
Halleck is pacing the Capitol
corridors like a Gagged tiger.
Almost visibly trembling on
his bitter lips are the at
tackS Mr.. Kennedy made in
last falls campaign against
the Eisenhower Cuba policy.
Mr.. Halleck's partner in
the Ev and Charlie show,
Senate Republican Leader
DirkSen. is maintaining his
more In sorrow than-in-
anger stance, but his power
to resist the temptation to
use his famous eloquence is
demonstrably limited. Any
way. there are plenty Of other
Republican Senator's eager
to start the battle.
For some curious reason,
Evening star., 1961-04-27
The Presidents Close Advisers

1t was folly to imagine that
a group of 1900 men could
succeed against Fidel Cas-
tro's forces, 100 times as big
and supported by MICS and
Russian tanks, all manned by
crews from Poland, CZecho-
slovakia and presumably
China. Moreover, it was
foolish planning to land the
would-be rescuers of Cuba
on only one strip 400 feet
deep and half-a-mile long.
Those conversant with such
operations say that to make
a successful movement it was
necessary to choose several
beaches on the more than
2,000-mile coastline of Cuba.
1t is highly doubtful that the
operation was planned by our
military, who have had such
an excellent record for land
ings in World War II and in
Korea.
Finally. the immaturity Of
Mr.. Kennedy's EA dviSers,
whom he appears to follow
closely, once more was dem
onstrated in the Algerian cri-
sis, when the Chief Executive
offered President de Gaulle
of France all our support, in
cluding the use of our Sixth
Fleet and armed forces in
Europe. 1t apparently was
not realized that no French
leader, any more than an
American or British, would
let foreign troops intervene
in a purely national and do
meStic affair. There is no
doubt that Gen. de Gaulle
would have preferred to go
down to defeat rather than
permit foreign soldiers to
shoot at Frenchmen.
Evening star., 1961-04-27
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Aides Said to Have More than Equal
Share of Responsibility for Mistakes

than that is required-a ma
turity, if not of the Chief
Executive himself, at least of
those who surround him so
closely.
1t is in this that he has
failed. The enormous blum
ders of the last three months
are the result of the lack of
realism and maturity Of his
encourage. The speeches and
declarations made by the
Chief Executive are inspir-
ing, fortnight and strong.
But they are never followed
by action.
For instance, powerful
words we're expressed when
the Russians initiated the
Laotian crisis. To back up his
words, a carrier and two de-
stroyerS we're ordered to Sal
gon from Hong Kong. But all
knowing quarters in Wash
ington expressed confidenti-
ally the belief that these we're
mere gestures and that we
would never actually inter
vene. Further, the Laotian
crisis actually was a Russian
American affair. Yet we ac-
cepted Britain as our middle
man. The cease-fire agree
ment between Moscow and
London came into effect only
weeks after it was first pro-
posed, when the Russian
backed Communist LaotianS
already had taken the most
important strategic points.
1t is an open secret that we
accepted the terms demanded
by the Soviets.
Inc IlaSco IN CUBA was one
of the most monumental
blunders ever committed by
our frequently faltering dip
lomacy. Not only was the
whole operation, directed
from Washington in it's ini-
tial phases, all wrong. but
we announced before it oc-
CURED that we would not give
it the backing without which
it could never succeed.
Evening star., 1961-04-27

Maybe it's unfortunate the
executives Of those electrical
companies aren't Communist
sympathizerS or party mem
bers-for, if they were, they
probably would have won the
support Of many of the So
called liberals" and might
not have. been subjected to
the current trial by publi-
city" There might even have
been demonstrations in their
behalf and a demand for the
abolition" Of the subcom-
mittee Of the Senate Judici-
ary Committee which is at
present conducting the hear
ingS.
For, basically. it might
have been argued the electri-
cal executives exercised only
their right Of freedom of as
sembly" or freedom of asso-
citation" or freedom of
speech" and merely got to-
gether to indulge in freedom
of conversation"
1t will be noted that the
witnesses from the electrical
business who have testified
thus far before. Senator Ke-
fauver's committee didn't
take refuge Z in the Fifth
Amendment. Nor did they
condemn the committee for
engaging in exposure for ex-
poSure'S sake"
Not long ago the American
Civil Liberties Union issued
a fervent statement, signed
by $50 college professors, de-
nouncing q congressional
committee for trying to sub
stitute its Investigations for
trials and law enforcement
proceedings. The statement
said: .i
Not only teachers, but all
: Americans, we insist, must
be free from trial by publicity
from what Mr.. Justice
Black has called exposure,
obloquy and public scorn.'
We would be the first to con-
cede that teachers have no
greater rights than other citi-
Zens-just as they have no
lesser rights"
But, strangely enough,
hardly a voice has since been
lifted in support Of the men
in the electrical business who
are being made the object
Evening star., 1961-04-27
Officials Not Invoking the 'Fifth,'
Attacking Committee, Stirring Riots

of considerable publicity
through the Senate commit
tees public Investigations.
Unpleasant, however,
though it may be to the cleo
trical companies executives
who are testifying about the
meetings at which prices were
allegedly fixed, it is in the
public interest for Congress
to get all the facts from
every individual who has any
knowledge Of the price fixing
process. The purpose Of this,
Of course, is to learn how to
write corrective legislation
for the future.
For, unhappily, the anti
trust laws are by no means
clear. Nor are the decisions
in the court cases that have
been tried over a long period
Of years models Of simplicity.
Senators this week asked
some of the witnesses, for
instance, if they knew they
were violating antitrust laws,
and one of the executives
replied:
1T had been so common
and had gone on for so many
years that we lost sight of
that"
But the public gets from
this the impression that
violations were always will
full, when actually there is
little doubt that the fuzziness
Of the whole antitrust ques-
ton has resulted in all sorts
Of individual interpretations
as to where legality begins
or ends.
Thus, for example, is any
meeting between business
men to discuss industrial
costs, such as wage rates and
uniform charges in the whole
employment field, illegal? If
so, many a conference Of the
managementS of several COM
peting companies - induced
by industry-wide negotiations
with national labor unions
might possibly be construed
as part of a conspiracy to fix
sales prices.
Incidentally, Attorney Cen
eral Robert F. Kennedy has
just made a speech to the
American Management ASSo-
citation in which he is quoted
as having said that the De-
partment Of Justice is con-
Evening star., 1961-04-23
Some Strings

All this is about to change. In
fact, there were substantial stir
rings within the Republican Party
last week.
On Tuesday, former Labor Sec
retary Mitchell won the nomina-
ton for Governor of New Jersey
by nearly $1,000 votes even though
the majority of the G. o. P. State
organization opposed him.
Most political observers said be-
fore the vote that the primary
was his tough hurdle, that if he
won it he would be favored to de-
feat the relatively unknown Dem
ocratic candidate, Richard ].
Hughes. in November.
A victory by the Eisenhower
moderate" would aid G.. o. P.
chances in New Jersey GIG elec-
toral voteS) in the 1864 presiden-
tial race. Mr.. Kennedy took this
important industrial State by only
$4,000 votes last November. New
Jersey has had a Democratic
Governor, Robert Meyner, for the
last eight years.
On Thursday, Mr.. Nixon met
with Republican congressional
leaders and then appeared on the
"Ev and Charlie Show" the
weekly Dirksen-H -Halleck news con-
ference. AS "Ev and Charlie" sat
thanking him, the tanned, we'll
barbered Californian demon
Strated he had lost none of his
skill at fielding questions.
Evening star., 1961-04-23

can interventionists in Cuba"
persist.
There were mob attacks on
United States embassies and con-
sulates in Moscow, Bucharest,
Sofia, Poznan and Warsaw. Com
munist China assured Cuba of "all
necessary measures" to combat
United States aggression"
The British and French press
in general took the view that the
United States had committed a
serious error of judgment in so
openly supporting and encourag-
ing the Cuban counter-revolution.
In New Delhi, Prime Minister
Nehru condemned the role of the
United States in a speech in
Parliament.
AS the week ended, the Central
Intelligence Agency, which re-
portedly sponsored exile groups in
preparing the abortive invasion,
was being criticized severely in
Washington and abroad. 1t was
charged that the CIA had helped
organize, train, equip and finance
the anti-Castro exiles who made
up the invasion forces, and had
provided faulty intelligence on the
extent of anti-Castro sentiment
in Cuba.
Evening star., 1961-04-23
At the u. NJ:
Closing Act

The United Nations General
Assembly adjourned early yes
terday after q stormy session
which opened last September 20.
The clock was stopped at mid
night Friday. the time set for ad-
journment Of the livelieSt session
Of the U. N. General Assembly
since the charter was adopted in
1945.
But the weary delegates stayed
in their seats, with an occasional
"break" in the delegates lounge,
until the final gavel by Assembly
President Frederick Boland fell at
6:02 yesterday morning.
Wrangling went on most Of the
night over the measure to vote
500 million to sustain the q. N.
peace-making mission in the
Congo. Only when it was apparent
that the session would drag on in
definitely unless approval were
voted did enough opposed nations
switch their votes to approval. The
measure passed 81 to Is, with %
abStentionS.
To make adjournment possible,
the Assembly decided, over United
States objections, to postpone de-
bate on the controversial cold war
subjects Of Hungary and Tibet, as
well as Soviet charges against the
United States on Spy-plane in
cidentS.
Evening star., 1961-04-23
Growing u. N.

The long session, which was re-
cessed for II weeks before the new
United States administration was
inaugurated, saw the growth of the
U. N. roster to SO members. Six
teen new African nations plus the
new Republic Of Cyprus,Were added
to the rolls. ElFF
Despite the shoe -onsdesk bang
ing Of Soviet Premier Khrushchev
last fall and a harsh Soviet attack
on Secretary General Dag Ham
marskjold, the Assembly accom-
pliShed much in the past three
months. Major resolutions ap-
proved called for:
. "A speedy and unconditional
end to coionialism in all its forms
and manifestations;
0 Support Of Algerian independ-
ence and acceptance Of U. N. re-
sponsiblity to help in its realiza-
tons;
Q Belgian withdrawal from the
Congo;
. Racial reforms in Portuguese
Angola;
. Election Of Italy to the impor-
tant Economic and Social Coun-
Gil. breaking a long deadlock be-
tween India and Belgium.
Evening star., 1961-04-23
To Begin Tour

He had said he would speak
his mind on the Kennedy admin
iStration on a tour which will be-
gin in Greenville, S. c., on May 2.
He reiterated this intention.
Il want to be fair" he said with
grin. I'm the campaign, Mr..
Kennedy said he intended to do a
great deal in 80 days. I don't
think it's proper to hold him to 80
days. He ought to be given 10
more"
Mr.. Nixon reported that he
found that Mr.. Kennedy had "a
good deal' of public support, as
an individual.
But while he would not COM
ment on specific Kennedy pro-
posalS, Mr.. Nixon declared that
he had discovered very little In
terest in and no support for" the
Presidents legislative program.
Then, indicating that he would
not be playing political pattycake
with Mr.. Kennedy when he re-
Continued on Page B-G
Evening star., 1961-04-23
InAIgerid::
Swift Coup

French paratroOpers led by a
military junta of retired gen.
erals seized power in AlgierS
yesterday and announced defi-
ance Of the Paris government.
Moving smoothly and effec-
lively, some $500 French para
troopers took over the government
buildings in Algiers between mid
night and dawn yesterday, arrest
ed French civilian officials and
declared, in an emergency broad
cast over the seized Radio Algiers,
that they controlled the entire
province, including the Sahara
regions.
The coup, which was bloodless,
was the not unexpected reply of
the algeria is French" Europeans
in Algeria to the program of Pres
ident de Gaulle for Algerian self
determination" and an end to the
wearisome and costly war that has
been in progress now for almost
seven years.
Gen. de Gaulle moved quickly
in Paris to assert his governments S
Evening star., 1961-04-23
THE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
One Battle in the Cuban War

Fidel CastrO's Cuban regime
last week repelled an invasion
attempt by Cuban exiles after
severe fighting. President Ken
nedy warned that the United
States would not abandon Cuba
to Communist control.
The "26th of July Movement"
which ousted the corrupt dicta-
torship of Fulgencio BatiSta and
brought Fidel Castro to power be-
gan with an invasion" that ended
disastrously for the FidelistaS. All
but a handful of the rebels that
Stormed ashore on Cuba's south
ern coast were wiped out by the
troops of Batista.
But the few survivors managed
to gain the safety of the Sierra
Maestro, and from that tiny cadre,
slowly but steadily, the Fidelistas
built up their forces until they
overwhelmed the dictatorship.
Anti-Castro Cubans in the
United States, although saddened
and chagrined at the speedy de-
feat of their first major attempt
at invasion of their homeland,
were taking courage yesterday
from the experience of Castro
himself. They VOW that resistance
and counter-revolution will go on,
and that there will be other
beachheads of new invaSions un-
til the new and heavily Commu-
mist influenced Castro dictatorship
is destroyed.
1t was being pointed out, how
ever, in the wake of the disastrous
first attempt, that the Fidelistas
in their fight against Batista en-
joyed tremendous popular support
from almost all classes of the
Cuban population. AS the strength
of the Batista forces dwindled,
such support grew swiftly and re-
suited in the final successful drive
that forced BatiSta's flight.
Evening star., 1961-04-23
FIN Move

In Tunis, headquarters Of the
rebel Algerian Provisional Govern
ment, there was CONSERVATION at
the turn of events. Premier Ferhat
Abbas, leader Of the Algerian Front
for National Liberation FLN =,
called on MoslemS in Algeria to
resist the action of the junta.
The FIN and Gen. de Gaulle
have been sparring for weeks over
the terms for conducting nego-
tiationS, originally set for April
10 at Evian-les-Bains on the
Franco-Swiss border, for an end
to the rebellion and a plan for
orderly self determination. The
talks were postponed by the FIN
after Gen. de Gaulle insisted on
conducting parallel talks with
other Moslem groups which the
FIN opposes.
Yesterdays military coup was
the elimination of months of
plotting by anti-De Gaulle, anti
self-determination generals and
other colon" elements. Gen. Raul
Salan, forced out of his Algerian
command after openly opposing
Gen. de Gaulle, and Gen. Maurice
Challe, former Algerian comman-
der-in-chief also ousted by the
President, led the junta. Other
generals involved we're air force
Gen. Edmond Jouhaud and army
Gen. Henri Zeller.
Much Of the plotting repeatedly
Evening star., 1961-04-23
Inside Cuba

It is by no means certain that
the anti-Castro elements can COM
mand at this time anything like
the mass approval for their cause
that was ultimately enjoyed by
the bearded Fidel. Intelligence re-
ports from inside Cuba vary in
their estimates of the extent Of
diSillusionment and disaffection
with the Castro regime existing
today among Cubans. Most close
observers agree that the enthusi-
astic support given Castro by the
guajiros, the canefield peasants
and the mill and factory workers
is still very much in evidence, al
though some reports indicate it
is dwindling. (See story by Eric
Geiger on Page B-3O
In any case, the first try to
chase Castro out of Havana has
been q failure, and the effects of
the fiasco on United States pres
tige in the world appear to be
almost universally lamentable.
The open support and encourage
ment given the Cuban exiles in
the counter-revolutionary attempt
in official United States quarters,
and the confusion and dismay re-
sulting partly from what appears
to have been a very-much exag-
gerated picture Of the real strength
Of the exiles' attack, have COM
bined to place the Kennedy ad-
ministration in a most uncomfort-
able position.
Diplomats from friendly. pro-
Western nations were noting after
the invasion's failure that even
the fact that Mr.. Kennedy had
inherited" the invasion attempt
plan from the Eisenhower admin
istration would be of no help in
mitigating the consequences Of the
failure. The prestige and portrait
of the new President in foreign
affairs, which has been looming
larger in recent weeks, has been
dealt q heavy blow.
Evening star., 1961-04-23
For Laos:
Cease Fire?

Prospects for q ase-fire in
Laos frightened as Britain and
the Soviet Union announced
agreement on conditions for an
end to the civil war and the
cOnvening Of an international
conference.
Prince Souvanna Phouma, neu-
traliSt former Premier of Laos,
was in Peking yesterday winding
up long tour of Asia, Africa and
Europe. He said on leaving Mos
cow Friday that he would be back
in Laos this week, and that his
return would coincide with agree
ment on a ceaSe-fire.
In London, Foreign Office
sources reported that Soviet For
eign Minister Gromyko and Brit
ish Ambassador Sir Frank Rob-
ertS had at last achieved a meet
ing of the minds on the condi-
tions. to accompany a cease-fire
in that troubled Southeast Asia
kingdom.
Tomorrow it is expected that
reactivation Of the long -moribund
International Control Commission
will be announced. At the same
time, invitations to IA nations
named to attend a"Geneva parley
on the future of Laos will be sent
out.
The Control Commission-India,
Poland and Canada-will super
wise whatever settlement is
reached. A truly neutral regime
in Laos, which will undoubtedly
include representatives of the
Pathet Lao pro- Communist move
ment, will be the goal of the con-
ference which will meet May 5.
1t is supposedly understood that
the supply Of arms and equipment
by the Soviet Union to the Pathet
Lao forces and by the United
States to the Boun Gum regime in
Vientiane will be halted when the
cease-fire takes effect.
Although the British have rep
resented the West in the Moscow
negotiations, Washington has been
kept fully informed. 1t is assumed
that the Kennedy administration
has accepted the terms worked
out between Sir Frank and Mr..
Gromyko.
Evening star., 1961-04-23
Urban Affairs

Last week, Mr.. Kennedy added
two more problem-preposalS for
his legislative lieutenants to grap-
pie with.
On Monday, he recommended
that Congress establish a depart
ment Of urban affairs and hous-
ing to be headed by a secretary
with cabinet rank.
On Thursday he sent up a COM
prehensive tax plan which would
Cd attempt to spur new invest
mentS by industry in modernized
plants and machinery by provid-
ing Sit billion in tax relief and
90 curb expenSe-account deduc-
tions and withhold taxes on divi-
dendS and interest.
One of the Presidents argu-
ments for the 18th Cabinet posi-
ton is that the new Secretary
could present the Nations hous-
ing and metropolitan develop
ment needs to the Cabinet and
provide the necessary lead
ership in co-ordinating the many
Federal programs in these fields"
A Negro, Robert c. Weaver,
head of the Housing and Home
Finance Agency, is said to be Mr..
Evening star., 1961-04-23
ExiIes' Troininq

Both President Kennedy and
Secretary of State Rusk had en-
phasized that no American citi-
zens or United States forces were
involved in the invasion attempt,
after the invasion was under way.
But no effort was made to mask
the training and preparations of
the exiles who made the attempt.
Camps in Florida and in Guate-
mala were used to make ready the
assault that failed.
Yesterday President Kennedy
met former President Eisenhower
at Camp David in the Catoctins
to discuss the situation. Earlier he
had ordered a Survey and re-
view" of American capacity and
organization in the field Of guer-
rilla warfare and intelligence. a
study that will undoubtedly in
clude the activities and direction
of the CIA.
Mr.. Kennedy named retired
Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor, former
Army Chief of Staff, to conduct
the survey. Gen. Taylor attended
a meeting of the National Security
Council yesterday which discussed
his assignment.
And from Moscow yesterday
came a new message from Mr..
-Khrushchev to Mr.. Kennedy. Call
ing the Cuban affair "a crime
which has revolted the whole
world" the Soviet leader wrote,
"Mr. President. you are following
a dangerous path. Ponder that"
But he added that the Soviet
sought no bases in Cuba, and
wanted good relations with the
United States.
Whatever happens, it is clear
that the events of last week have
confronted Mr.. Kennedy with the
first major test Of his administra-
tion's conduct of foreign affairs,
and that he will have to make some
very serious decisions on future
policy and its implementation.