davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-08-27
Asks Ceose-Fire

The Security Council on July %
demanded a cease fire and a with
drawal to former positions by
both sides. France, having al
ready achieved it's military objec-
tiveS, agreed to the cease fire,
but refused to retreat to the base,
arguing that it had no assurances
Tunisia would not set up another
blockade.
The United States tried for
several weeks before the special
session to effect a compromise,
but France refused to negotiate
under pressure. Thus, the special
session, as expected, found the
United States and Britain abstain.
ing, the Soviet Union attacking
all foreign bases held by Western
countries, and Cuba calling Guam
tanamo Bay center of anti
Cuban activities. 90
The big question is how France
will respond to the demands made
by the U. N. majority, principally
made up of the small countries Of
the world.
Evening star., 1961-08-27

the fact that there are people in
Atlanta and in surrounding towns
who oppose the school integration
so bitterly that anything is posi-
BILE.
Atlanta also is in the midst of
mayors race. One of the five
candidates, Lester Maddox, has
used racial problems as a primary
campaign plank. Speaking recent
ly at white political rally where
Negroes are beginning to buy
homes in previously all-white
neighborhoods, Mr.. Maddox said:
Il want public schools segre-
gated. They say you can't do
anything with the Supreme Court.
But suppose the people who got
it changed from the separate-but-
equal doctrine had decided you
couldn't change the Supreme
Court? It's silly to say you can't
change the Supreme Court; it's
changing every day"
The other four candidates for
mayor are running on open
schools, law-and-order platforms,
but there still are bitter patches
of literature being distributed on
the eve of the school opening.
Posed Out Literature
One group passed out raciSt lit
erature in envelopes with the
printed question, will Your Child
Attend School with NegroeS?" One
of seven inside sheets accused 13
downtown merchants of "surren-
dering to African blight" by agree
ing to deSegregate lunch counters,
and another hate sheet said, The
colored race is a vast reservoir of
infectious venereal disease"
On the very day that the
schools are to be desegregated, a
Evening star., 1961-08-27
The II. NJ:
Bizerte Vote

The United Nations General
Assembly voted 66 to 0, with
30 abstentiOns, Friday for a res
OlutiOn demanding that France
pull her troops back into her
base at Bizerte and negotiate
with the TuniSian Government
about evacuating the Mediter-
ranean port.
Article 20 of the United Ma
tions charter states that the Sec
retary General must call special
session of the General Assembly
if it is requested by the Security
Council or by majority of the
members of the U. N.
So far, seven such sessions have
been called-two in Palestine in
1947 and 1948; one on Suez in
1856; on Hungary in 1856; on
Lebanon and Jordan in 1858; on
the Congo in 1860; and last week IS
on Bizerte.
The latest session grew out of
the clashes between French and
TuniSian forces last month out
side the naval base and inside the
city of Bizerte, fighting that most
observers agree could have been
avoided easily.
The immediate cause of the
French-Tunisian hostility had its
origin in 1856 when France gave
Tunisia its independence, but re-
tained control of the strategically
located base with the under
standing that it would evacuate it
eventually"
Current world tensions in
creased the bases value to France,
Evening star., 1961-08-27
Indian Coolies

When slaves were emancipated
in 1888, large numbers of East In
dian coolies were lured to Guiana
to work for wages that the freed
Negroes rejected as too low.
AS a result of these immigra-
tions, the population of British
Guiana today is about $4,000,
distributed in this way: about as
per cent East Indian. 38 per cent
Negro, per cent native. per
cent white, and about per cent
Chinese and about 10 per cent
mixed.
DR.. Jagan'S party, as expected,
won the most seats in Parliament
-22 out of 35. His main rival,
Forbes Burnham's Peoples Ma
tional Congress, took only 10
seats.
The reason for the sweeping
victory was not that DR.. Jagan's
form of Marxism swayed the
voters, but rather, that he is an
East Indian and so are the ma
jority of the voters. Mr.. Burnham,
an anti-Communist, is a Negro.
Many Americans, not very
familiar with the British Guiana
political scene. have had strong
misgivingS about the Jagan-led
government. They remember that
in 1858. after his party won the
first British Guiana elections, the
British Government suspended the
Constitution and briefly jailed
him for his Communist" orienta-
ton, and for instigating a series
of strikes.
DR.. Jagan has promised to pur-
Evening star., 1961-08-27

he sets out on his early ritual,
swinging his cane, wearing natty
blue suit and a pleased self -satis-
fled smile at yet another dawn.
Weather permitting he walks
two miles a day still. He walks
alone, silhouetted in the rising
light, past old homes he knows so
well, around the courthouse square
where he once presided as County
Judge, past the marker for the
start of the Santa Fe Trail, whose
history he can recite in minute
detail, past F. w. Woolworth and
KnoepkerS clothing store and
Katz drug and Bundschu'S de-
partment store and Davis paint
and wallpapers.
The Trumans' financial posi-
ton is secure as a result of his
literary earnings, presidential pen
sion and sale of family farm land
(his share repeatedly was $780,
Evening star., 1961-08-27

to see the place again. About the
only change I noticed was that
everything that had to do with
the Democrats had disappeared.
They had moved F.. D. R. and me
from the first floor, where we
belonged, somewhere upstairs.
They even covered the plaque
mentioning those who were re-
sponsible for renovating the place
(mostly Harry Truman) with a
picture of Mckinley"
Today the Trumans have blend
ed back easily into the soft,
friendly hum of life in Independ-
ence. While no one is unaware of
their eminence, the town doesn't
fuss over them.
BeSS Truman is allowed to push
her cart around the supermarket
or pursue her errandS in the
post office without creating a stir.
Outsiders wouldn't think of trying
Evening star., 1961-08-27

school fight will begin in United
States District Court in down.
town Atlanta. The parents of
white Atlanta schoolgirl, Sandra
Melkild, are trying to get her
transferred away from Northside
High where two Negro girls and
Negro boy will enroll.
The Melkilds argue that Sandra
would be "psychologically dam
aged" by having to attend school
with the Negroes.
Judge Frank A. Hooper Jr. al
ready has issued a temporary in
junction telling the South Geor-
gia-dominated State Board of Ed
ucation to stop trying to get her
transferred in defiance of a pupil
placement agreement worked out
between the court and the Atlanta
Board of Education.
But the State board is fighting
the permanent injunction, and the
friction might stir up enough
emotion to start trouble at the
schools.
If trouble comes, the city and
State seem to be ready for it.
Police Make PIons
Police Chief Jenkins warned
that police will protect the schools
(Northside, Murphy, Henry Gra-
dy and Brown High Schools) with
all the facilities at their command.
The schools are located in neigh
borhoods ranging from upper
middle -class CNorthside) to fad
ing Murphy and represent
general cross-section of Atlanta
economically. In the Grady dis
trict, Negroes have begun to move
into the area, purchasing homes
in formerly middle-class white
neighborhoods.
Gov. Ernest Vandiver, a segre-
gationist, said State troopers will
not be used to help desegregate
the schools, but will be on instant
call to protect life, limbs and
property in case of trouble.
Special Atlanta police teams
have studied the techniqueS of
controlling mobs which other
cities have used. They found fire
hoses were effective on crowds in
Little Rock, and that trouble fol-
lowed when crowds were not dis
persed in New Orleans.
Inspect New Surroundings
Two weeks before the schools
were to open, the 10 Negro chill
dren were shown their new school
surroundings in the perfect calm
of summers vacant classrooms.
Orientation for the two girls at
Murphy, two girls and one boy
at Brown, one girl and one boy
at Grady, two girls and one boy
at NorthSide included talks with
principals and counselors.
Evening star., 1961-08-27

Principals expressed high hopes
and reasonable confidence that
deSegregation will be carried out
in an orderly way when they
talked with the students.
An organization to assist
schools in September (OASIS)
has it's plans to get children to
and from school with the least
possible fuss.
Preparations continue. The
anxious Atlanta Chamber of Com
Evening star., 1961-08-27

tionS at them: Who is the second
most powerful man in the govern
ment, who is the third? He invites =,
their questions, skirts none, points
out that one of them could be
President, that he never expected
to be himself and, when he is
thanked for the little talk, says
why, you couldn't be nicer to -
me-"
For adult visitors, Harry Tru-
man sometimes insists on guiding
them through the library himself.
1t is rare experience. He provides
swinging commentary-a COM
bination of expert knowledge, in
innate glimpseS of history, fierce
pride in his administrations and,
as always, a talent for drawing
fast and shooting from both hips.
With grim unuttered irony, he
points out the dedication of a
rare first edition of Crusade in
Europe" to Harry S. Truman,
with lasting respect, admiration
and friendShip-Dwight D. Eisen-'
hover"
To a question, he responds that
he has not spoken with Mr..
Eisenhower since they rode to-
gether for the generals first in
augural simply because the latter
never invited any conversation.
They did not meet or speak at
the Kennedy inaugural although
they sat only few seats apart.
But on the same occasion he did
shake hands and speak with
Richard M. Nixon-a thing he had
once vowed never to do because,
he insisted, Nixon had called him
a traitor"
Why did he speak with Nixon?
What else could I do? He just
came up and started talking"
Some Fomous Gifts
The Truman tour of the Tru-
man library picks up pace.
Going by a huge rug, he says.
"The Shah of Persia gave me
that. It's only worth about $50,000
-. couldn't use it." d.
At a framed copy of a 1948
newspaper front page, with the,
headline Dewey Defeats Tru-
man." he pauses only to smile
devilishly.
At case containing priceless
jeweled swords and daggers given
him by King Saud, he confideS
secret; once at a White House re-
ception he promised Mrs. Truman
the biggest emerald in the lot if.
she would kick certain Repub-
lican Senator just coming in.
At magazine cover printed in
1948. showing a breakfast argu--
ment between a wife who was
for Truman and a husband who
was for Dewey. the former Presi-
dent says, Il hope to God she
didn't give him any breakfast"
In the library basement, hous-
ing hundreds of framed citations,
scrolls, busts. pistols, dolls, ash
trays and other bric-a-brac, he.
says "juSt a lot of junk given to
any President"
At picture of Gen. Douglas
Macarthur, he says "See God?
There, doesn't he look like God?"
And at a huge opera grand.
piano, which once was in the
White House. he suddenly stops,
sits down and plays a minuet
"the way Paderewski taught me to
play it,"
The quick tour is over. The visi-
tor thanks the distinguished guide.
profusely.
why, you couldn't be nicer to
me" Harry S. Truman says, wav-
ing an arm and sweeping back
toward his office.
Evening star., 1961-08-27
BY REG MURPHY
Contributing Writer

ATLANTA. -" will Atlanta be
different?"
That question dominates neigh
borhood conversations and solemn
meditations alike on this quiet
week end before 10 Negro children
become the first of their race to
enter previously all-white Georgia
public schools.
Every possible precaution seems
to have been taken to insure that
law and order prevail Wednesday
when the Negroes present them
selves at four Atlanta high
schools.
Yet irritants remain, and these
worry city leaders who are hoping
against hope that violence does
not mar the city's future.
From virtually every source,
Atlantans have been told that the
city is on trial before the eyes of
the world when the school de-
segregation becomes a fact
Wednesday.
No area of community life has
been left out of the preparations.
Schools. parents, police, press and
citizens all have been told what
to expect-and what is expected
of them.
longtime Atlanta Mayor Will
liam B. Hartsfield said, IF we
have any trouble, it will have to
be imported from the outside"
Under no circumstances will
objections. discussions or dis
turbances be permitted az any of
the individual Schools" added
Police Chief Herbert Jenkins.
'The place to object is City School
Supt. John w. Letson's office"
Students Urged to ToIk
Mr.. ,Letson, who encouraged
students to argue the entire racial
problem out ahead of time, said:
II have never had a more en-
couraging experience in my life.
The reaction of the students
seems to be, I prefer that this
not happen, but if it does, will
accept events required in a man
ner that will not discredit me, my
school or my city"
United States Attorney General
Robert Kennedy, who dispatched
two aides here recently to discuss
the problem, said later, II believe
the situation will be handled
without any problems, because
think the authorities in Georgia,
including the Attorney General.
have faced up to it under very
difficult circumstances"
Such comments, made over and
over again in the fateful months
preceding Atlanta's desegregation,
quite obviously have made an i'm
preston on its citizens.
Still, nobody should overlook
Evening star., 1961-08-27

to crash her two-table bridge club
for a brush with recent history.
They'd be disappointed anyway;
the conversation mostly revolves
around children and grandchil-
dren.
Brakes don't screech, flash
bulbs don't pop when passersby
notice the TrumanS reading in
their sitting room in the evening
or, in summer, talking quietly on
the back porch in the cool of the
high old naples.
Travelling Ex-President
1t is only when he travels,
spear in hand, to Washington or
New York or other news centers
that reporters trail Mr.. Truman
on his morning walks. At home,
few people pay much attention to
the familiar figure of the 32nd
President of the United States as
Evening star., 1961-08-27
Atlanta Ready for School |ntegration This Week

merce has taken full-page adver-
tisements in newspapers this
week end to say that the issue is
whether to obey laws, not whether
deSegregation is pleasant. All min
listers have been asked to include
appeals for restraint in their SER
mons. A special television pro-
gram to be presented this after
noon carries the same basic mes
sage.
Nowhere, save perhaps Dallas,
Evening star., 1961-08-27

The former President was telling
a story when Mrs. Truman said:
Why, Harry, you know that's not
true"
Said Mr.. Truman: "See what
I have to put with. l.. Well, may
be was wrong on a few de-
tails
After a dinner party in the
home of friends in Kansas City,
the men retired for cigars and
Mr.. Truman was holding forth
over the male talk. Out in the
parlor, an envious woman gushed
to Mrs. Truman:
II wish I were a man so I could
be in there listening to all that
fascinating talk from the Presi-
dent"
Said Mrs. Truman: "Well, I'll
tell you, my dear. I've been listen
ing to him for 40 years and you're
not missing much"
Harry Truman appears to en-
Joy his wife'S needing. 1t gives
him democratic status.
He loves to refer to Mrs. Trus
man as the boss" said an. old
friend. He likes people to think
she runs things. She does bawl
him out now and then insists he
house break some of his language.
But Mr.. Truman still does as he
pleaSeS.
After all these years, he's still
madly in love with his wife and
thoroughly respects her. But don't
get the wrong idea about them.
The boss always knows who the
boss is"
Switch TO PiVote Life
Once exposed, some men never
recover from power and glory;
breathing comes hard to them at
the lower attitudes. But for the
Trumans, the switch from the
White House on Pennsylvania
avenue to the White House on
Delaware street involved no emo
tional bends. History, they knew
all along, was borrowing them
only temporarily.
On the morning after they re-
turned permanently from Wash
1ngton in 1858, reporters gathered
along the iron fence at the Tru-
man home, ready to record the
trauma of translation.
Far from the convenience of
the vast presidential staff, Mrs.
Truman stepped out on the front
porch looking for the morning
paper. She finally found it in the
grass.
Before returning to the house,
she had but one comment: "They
always throw it under the
bushes"
Mr.. Truman explained to a re-
cent visitor: Leaving the White
House involves no problem of ad-
justment if you were a common
citizen before" Then he added
pointedly. But how many Presi-
dents can you name who were
common citizens before?"
"As for me-" he said, on a day
when he wasn't recalling how he
enjoyed the job, II don't miss any
part of it. I was damn glad to
get rid of it."
"A Tourist Feeling
But surely he felt some little
twinge when he visited the White
House after President Kennedy's
inaugural for the first time in
eight Republican years?
mo, just had tourist feeling.
1 didn't feel homesick. I don't go
in for nostalgia. When I lived
there I always knew I'd be getting
out.
"Of course, it was interesting
Evening star., 1961-08-27

has more extensive preparation to
prevent trouble taken place. Yet
Atlantans look at the rest of the
South and wonder-will Atlanta
be different?
That the overwhelming ma
jority hope so is obvious. Mayor
Hartsfield joins them, and has
proclaimed this Sabbath a Law
and Order Day in Atlanta. But
what he really hopes is that law
and order will prevail Wednesday.
Evening star., 1961-08-27
The Foreign Scene

sue a neutral foreign policy along
the lines of Ghana and India, and
to encourage foreign investment.
Guiana is the third largest bauxite
producer, and more than $40 mil
lion alone has been invested by
Canadian firms in bauxite mines.
Evening star., 1961-08-27
Harry Trumans Busy Days Round Of Spontaneity

O00) for a shopping center called
Truman Corners"
Had he been willing to exploit
the office Of president, Mr.. Tru-
man could have been far wealthier
today. On leaving the White House
he was flooded with offers of huge
salaries, fancy titles and no work.
Mike Todd's Offer
He turned them all down. One
was name-your own figure from
the late Mike Todd who wanted
him to head his theatrical pyra-
mid. Another was from a clothing
firm, whose pitchman offered the
former President $225,000 a year
for openers and said he would be
a natural as board chairman be-
cause "after all, you used to be
a haberdasher yourself"
The Trumans live in comfort
but no elegance. They prefer it
that way. They prefer their pri-
vacy~ to a large domestic staff.
Thus, they have only one regular
in help-a cook-and the occa-
Sional use of gardener.
Mrs. Truman, who does the
beds, the busting and other house
work, was appalled, a couple of
years ago when Mr.. Truman cas-
ually announced he would start
coming home for lunch.
ooh, murder" she said to a
friend. II wouldn't know what to
serve for lunch. I never eat any
myself"
"Oh, just give me a roast beef
sandwich and a glass of milk"
said her husband.
She laughed. "He just thinks
we have roast beef in the icebox
all the time"
In the division of labor at the
Truman home, the former PreSi-
dent lugs out ashes, hauls in fire
wood, helps with the dishes, moves
furniture when the boss" decides
on a new arrangement and, be-
cause he rises earlier than any
body. frequently makes his own
breakfast.
A fiercely independent man in
large things and small, Mr.. Tru-
man had to learn not to dial his
own calls when he became PreSi-
dent. 1t is still difficult to do
things for him, friends report,
even to the point of helping him
on with his coat.
Washed His Own Cor
Until two or three years ago,
he insisted on washing the car
himself in the back yard. Mrs.
Truman finally prevailed on him
to quit for fear the work might
be too strenuous.
Harry Truman's working days
are now spent at an office in the
Truman library, a mile from his
home, where the papers, books
and historical mementoes of his
administrations are kept for
public viewing and scholarly re-
search.
Here, he is now working, with
the help of two assistants, on an
other book, this one a RETROSPECT
tive appraisal of American PreSi-
dents up through Franklin Roose-
velt.
He insists on being interrupted
to greet and briefly address visit
ing groups Of school children. He
is evangelical in his desire to pass
on to younger people his sense of
the Importance of American
history.
His little lecture on "the
greatest government in the
world" is brief, folksy and color
full. He reminds the kids to read
the Constitution and fires ques-
Evening star., 1961-08-27
Continued From Page CT

Continued From Page C-1
cities and people, than either the
king of Spain or the great Turk"
Eventually, less ambitious Eng
Iishmen settled along South
Americas northern coast, finding
lucrative sugar plantations more
profitable (and safer) than forays
into the jungle. Since there were
few natives in the so-called Brit
ish Guiana, thousands of Negro
slaves were transported from Al
rica
Evening star., 1961-08-27

There are still plenty of
sparks in the flinty person of
Harry S. Truman, as every
newspaper reader knows. But
what's the former President like
at home? Just like anybody else,
helping with the dishes, teIe-
phOning the grandchildren and
wondering why there's no cold
roast beef in the ice box. Here's
q warm second instalIment on
Americas living ex-Presidents.
Evening star., 1961-08-27
BY SAUL PETIT
Associated Press Staff Writer

INDEPENDENCE, Mo.,-When
a man has been President of the
United States-and only "a have
he usually forfeits the right to
be ordinary.
Somehow you don't expect him
to drive his own car or carry out
Evening star., 1961-08-27
As a Roconteur

On another auto ride, the Tru-
mans we're travelling with two
close friends from Kansas City.
Evening star., 1961-03-08

National Symphony Sustain
ing Fund campaign, made q
report on the drive following
Mr.. Salingers talk.
$2SO,OOO Goal
He said that the goal was
$280,000 and that the hope
had been that as of yester-
day 80 per cent of that would
have been raised. However,
he added that more than
that had been collected to
the amount Of $84,224.
Mrs. Samuel E. Carpenter,
residential chairman for the
drive, introduced the chair
men on her committee after
which Mr.. GinSburg pre-
sented Mr.. Peter Ladd Gilsey,
special gifts chairman, and
former District Commissioner
F. Joseph Donohue. business
chairman.
Mrs. Frederick B. Lee was
the luncheon chairman and
introduced the special guests
who were all we'll known
Washington newspaper wom-
en-. The Rev. Donald May
berry gave the invocation.
It was announced that the
next reports luncheon will
take place on March % in
the Blue Room of the Shore:
ham Hotel. where yesterdays
was also held.
The guest speaker at that
event will be the new As
sistant Secretary of State
Philip H. Coombs, and Mrs.
Lyndon johnson will be the
guest Of honor. Also seated
at the head table will be a
group of Ambassadors wives.