davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-07-04
Macarthur and the 4th

The people Of the Philippines have
accorded General Douglas Macarthur a
tumultuous welcome that must warm
not only his own heart but also the
hearts of all Americans aware of the
vital role he has played in the history
OF that young republic. Seldom, If ever,
has there been quite such a reception
given anybody anywhere in terms of the
unique, deep. mutually affectionate SEN
timentS and emotions involved.
Speaking for himself, General Mac
Arthur, still displaying remarkable vigor
at the age of 81, has referred to his
sentimental journey" back to the coun-
try that has rightly hailed him as its
"Hberator." AS he has put it, II have
indeed returned. +. I am once again in
the land have known so long, and
among this people have loved so we'll"
And he has gone on to add: when
your President invited me to visit the
Philippines, I felt as if I were at last
really coming home. For it was here I
lived my greatest moments, and it is
here have my greatest memories"
The word great" is properly used
here. Certainly, on this Independence
Day, which the Filipinos now share with
us, nothing could seem more fitting
than Manila's welcome to General Mac
Arthur and his moving response to it. For
he is an American who has personified
the meaning of the Declaration of In
dependence and it's bold, revolutionary
assertion that "all men are created
equal, that they are endowed by their
Creator with certain unalienable Rights,
that among these are Life, Liberty and
the pursuit of Happiness"
This is thesis that the KremIin
seems grimly determined to challenge
and destroy, in Berlin and elsewhere.
But on this latest Fourth of July it is
thesis being wonderfully reaffirmed
in the Philippines, as it must be
wherever men are still free to talk
freely about freedom with such cham
pionS of it as Douglas Macarthur.
Evening star., 1961-07-04
Recommended u S. Policy: Action Firmness, Not Words

I am on the verge Of utter
disgust with many policies
and actions of a country that
I grew up to love. This Ma
ton was founded, built, and
has thrived on the m o S t
unbeatable, most successful
form of government system
the world has ever known.
We pioneered a new kind of
government and a new kind
of country-a wilderness-at
the same time and built both!
During my short years on
earth, I have seen this coun-
try rise to its greatest glory.
Notice I did not say power.
We never have tried to be
powerful. Instead, we devel-
oped our position in the world
through our deeds, our hu-
manity, our generosity, our
heart-our outright desire for
every human being and every
nation to have a better world
in which to live. We had
respect; we were firm, sincere
true.
But then we started be-
lieving we had to buy friend
ship in the world. So
we bought; we loaned; we
gave. We made a display Of
our wealth; we bathed diplo-
mats in champagne, glitter,
and plush red carpets. And we
forgot all about telling our
real story. We didn't deliver
any message of significance to
the worlds people but our
great wealth of the abun-
dance, opportunity and plenty
in America. The image of
America today to a kid now
grown in Italy is the memory
of a GI'S kind smile and a
chocolate bar. In France, to a
girl, a big night on the town
with a CT gushing with cash
maybe four or five months
pay piled up while hea was
Evening star., 1961-07-04

on the front, which he didn't
mentionO. And so the image
grew and grew and grew all
around the world. Americas
image changed. Her story and
real message became lost.
America was money; and the
world forgot how she got her
wealth: all they remembered
was to envy it and want it.
And the more starved they
became, the more they re-
membered it. And the ideals
Of freedom and self-govern-
ment began to die-become
confused in a pitiful sea of
self-desires.
Many Of our problems in
the world today, it seems to
me, are just that simple. We
went with money and left
our message home. We went
with words and left Americas S
reputation for action and
firmnesS home.
Now we are picking up
sticks and turning stones to
see what's under them, and
why it's under them. We are
searching everywhere for the
answers, in every once for
gotten corner of the world.
And we are, many times
as much as it sickens many
Americans - back washing,
soft-pedaling, because we are
not certain. We are losing
our confidence. We are afraid
Of our precious prestige. Sud-
denly prestige is a great big
word with a great big mean
ing that we never thought
about before.
We wonder? We are worry
ing too much about shielding
our face instead of using our
CUTS.
Abe Lincoln would tell us
our trouble quickly. Be what
we are. he would say. Stand
Evening star., 1961-07-04
Pokistoni Press

I refer to the article cap
toned United States Moves
Stir Pakistan", by Naranjan
S. Uppal. which appeared in
your Sunday editorial sec
ton Of June 25.
BY implication, Mr.. Uppal
denies that the Pakistani
press is free: that it COM
ments only under govern
ment inspiration" and that
Dawn reflects the. Govern
ment's views"
Mr.. Uppal ought to know
better. The press in Pakistan
enjoys as much freedom as
the Indian press and Dawn"
does not reflect the govern
ment's views.
A. Hameed NaZ,
President, Pakistan Stu
dent Association of
Maryland University.
Evening star., 1961-07-04
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Survival Rules for Downed FLYERS
By THOMAS r. HENRY

three days. Then. If the lost
man has a knife. which he
usually does, he should make
marks on trees indicating
any change Of course.
There are no jungle ami
mails, it has been found,
which are really dangerous
unless molested, intention
ally or>otherwiSe.
Some of the worlds hottest,
most barren deserts are
those of the west coast Of
South America.
The Air Force is carrying
out special research and sur
vival training for pilots
forced to land. by parachute
or otherwise, In these sultry
wastes where for hundreds
Of miles there is no poSsi-
bility Of a shelter Of any
kind. Nomad Indians are the
only humans likely to be en-
countered-and these only
very rarely.
It is assumed that the
flyer comes down in the
middle Of the desert devoid
Of practically everything.
There is no use looking for
an oasis. since none exists
as in such wastes as the
Sahara.
About the first essential
Is shade, the Air Force has
found, according to DR.. M.
Morgan Smith, in charge of
the jungle survival program,
even if it is only a hole In
the ground or a mound of
sand piled up with the bare
hands. Anything that casts
a shadow reduces greatly the
ever-present danger of SUM-
stroke. A parachute or the
wreckage Of a plane, how
ever, always can be made
into an excellent shadow
caster.
Water Conservation
Second. the flyers are
taught that "the best can
teen is yourself" They can
not be too firmly impressed
with the fact, he points out,
that a man can live for a
long time under almost any
conditions without food but
his hours are quickly num-
bered without water.
The chances are that when
the flyer crashes, Smith says.
he will have a canteen full
of water strapped to his
waist. Very quickly he be-
gins to suffer from thirst
and, to conserve his water,
sips a little at time. In
this case a full canteen may
not suffice to keep him alive.
He should wait as long as
possible and then drink q
lot. A )
Evening star., 1961-07-04

The Air Force is develop
ing new techniques for find
ing flyers forced down in
South and Central Ameri-
can jungles where there is
essentially no visibility of
ground from air because of
the dense forest canopy.
This is the most serious
Of Air Force survival prob
lens because, in the words
of DR.. H. Morgan Smith, in
charge Of the survival pro-
gram, 1t is easier to carry
out a search of 200 square
miles Of sea or desert than
of five square miles Of dense
tropical forest.
A first essential is for the
downed flyer himself to find
a water course of some sort
in most places there are
plenty of them-and follow
it down hill. There is a good
chance that it will lead
eventually to some clearing
which can be seen from the
air. or possibly to an Indian
village.
Unfriendly Natives
There is a considerable
likelihood that these Indians
will be unfriendly to a white
man although, DR.. Smith
believes, accounts of head
hunters still persisting in
the Darien jungles probably
are quite exaggerated.
"Show interest in the men
Of the village only. Ignore
the women. If you have any
firearms, give them to the
headman without question.
All these primitives want
guns and are grateful for
them"
Getting a signal out is the
greatest difficulty. The fly
ers are warned particularly
against building a fire. Very
rarely can smoke penetrate
the jungle canopy and even
then it only adds to the
haze overhanging the area.
A signal must contain a
striking contrast of colors
which is discernible from
the air through some rare
open spot-for example near
a dead tree.
For persons following a
stream downhill, the pilots
are warned, there is great
danger of flash floods which
come like great walls of
water, overwhelming every
thing in their path. 1t is a
good idea to get away from
water courses during and i'm
mediately after a rain.
BY and large. the flyers
are warned, it is best not to
move at all unless rescue
does not come after two or
Evening star., 1961-07-04
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDriterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
terS are subject to cordensd-
tion. Those not used tDiu be
returned only tDhen accom-
panied By self - addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-07-04
THE POLITICAL MILL
Long-Ronge Kennedy PoIiticking
By GOULD LINCOLN

pected to bring home the
bacon for the Democrats.
This has been accomplished,
the Republicans say, by ger
rymandering on a large scale.
A gerrymander is q division
of State or county election
districts in an unnatural and
unfair manner in order to
aid a political party. The
term comes down to us from
the days of Gov. Elbridge
Gerry of Massachusetts, when
in 1812-ESSex County was
shaped like a dragon for po-
litical reasons. Gerryman-
der derives from two words
Gerry and salamander. The
Kennedy administration has
demanded, it is reported, the
ultimate in additional Dem
ocratic congressional districts
in California where so many
are at stake. In the present
Congress, the Democrats have
16 and the Republicans IA of
the California delegation in
the House.
In Florida, where Repub-
licanS already have one House
seat and are threatening to
make further gains, the re-
districting has been accom-
pliShed also to the liking Of
the Democrats. New York
will redistrict at a special
session of. the legislature, it
is expected, next fall. Penn
sylvania is still struggling
over a new rediStricting
measure. Under the law, if
a State which gains con-
gressional districts fails to
redistrict, the additional seats
in the House are filled in
Statewide elections. A State
which loses congressional dis
tricts and fails to redistrict,
must elect its entire delega-
ton in a Statewide contest.
With a real struggle impend-
ing for control Of the House
in the next Congress, 1t is
easy to understand the in
terest of the Kennedy admin
istration in this redistricting.
Action in Political Groups
The KennedyS, in the po-
litical ring, have moved also
into political organization
and leadership in some in
dividual States-notably New
York, where they began i'm
mediately to try to dislodge
Democratic State Chairman
Michael Prendergast and
Carmine DeSapio, Tammany
leader in the big city. So far,
their endeavorS have served
to cause a terrific intra-party
battle whose end is not yet
in sight. The Kennedy ad-
ministration is throwing its
influence back Of Mayor Bob
Wagner, who is seeking a
third term election next No
vember, but whose nomina-
ton and slate Of candidates
are bitterly contested. APP
parently the Kennedys be-
lieve Mr.. Wagner Is the most
friendly and most available
candidate for the mayoralty
race, which the KennedyS
hope to see won by q Dem
ocrat in an impressive way.
Their belief is that such a
victory will help them sink
Republican Rockefeller In the
1862 gubernatorial contest.
There are merely examples
of the long-range planning
for a Kennedy second term
in the White House.
Evening star., 1961-07-04
Rambler and Stond-In

Just a pat on the back for
Myra Macpherson for being
such an interesting Ram
bier" during the illness Of
George Kennedy, and a $50
glad you are better" and
"hurry-back" to the Ram
bier" himself.
Perhaps when Mr.. Ken
nedy returns, Miss MacPher-
son can be given a new title
and both columns continue.
Mrs. George w. Reitwiesner
Evening star., 1961-07-04

President Kennedy and his
assistants are dealing with a
three-ring circus - and the
ringmaster is not without his
troubles. The first ring, in
which the Kennedy domestic
legislative program is the
show, has been registering
Kennedy successes. In the
second-the foreign policy
ring-the picture has not
been good. The third ring,
where party politics is the
whole thing, is getting special
attention for obvious reasons.
Although Mr.. Kennedy has
been in office only half a
year, he is working hard for
the election of a strongly
Democratic Congress next
year, and for a second term
election for himself in 1864.
As leader of the DEM
ocratic party-which Mr..
Kennedy continues to be ir-
respective of the fact he is
President of the United States
and its people-he, with his
political aides, is hard at
work building fences in every
part of the country. In fact.
the Kennedy administration
has been mixing in State and
local politics in a way that
hasn't occurred since the days
of the late Franklin D.
Roosevelt, another Demo-
cratic President who played
the great game Of politics
to the nth degree.
RediStricting Interest
The Democratic admins
tration quite naturally is tre-
mendously interested in the
reapportionment of the con-
gressional districts, required
under the Constitution after
each decennial census. Un-
less Congress changes the
number Of members of the
House Of Representatives by
law-and it now appears
there is to be no change
the reapportionment of con-
gressional districts among the
States will be materially
changed. For example, Cal
ifornia, due to its great in
crease in population, will
gain 8 additional Congress
men, representing as many
new congressional districts.
Florida gains four new dis
tricts for the same reason,
New York and Pennsylvania,
on the other hand, lose two
congressional districts each.
There are many other gains
and losses. The job of draw
ing new lines for the con-
gressional districts in the
States where changes in
number Of districts have be-
come necessary is handled
by the State Legislatures and
the Governors.
California and Florida
have Democratic Governors
and legislatures. In Penn
sylvania there is a Demo-
cratic Governor, the State
Senate Is split-25 Demo-
Gratis and Is Republican,
and the Democrats have a
10-member lead in the House
of Representatives. New York,
on the other hand, has
a Republican Governor and
a Republican legislature. Out
in California, the legislature
has put through a redistrict-
ing bill which in some re-
spects has enraged the Re-
publicans, but which Is ex-
Evening star., 1961-04-02
Defeat Without Attack
Real NucIeor Threat
THE NATIONS SAFETY

THE NATIONS SAFETY
AND ARMS CONTROL.
BY Arthur T. Hadley.
(Viking; So
I'm the kilomegaton world,
arms control does not have to
guarantee perpetual peace to
be successful"
This sentence from Mr..
Hadley's thoughtful study of
the arms challenge of the
nuclear age appears to sum-
Marie aptly the arguments
he makes. The latter are
all too familiar and all too
real and practical, yet some
how depressing and frus-
trating. These effects, Of
course, are inevitable when,
to quote the author again,
every citizen looking at the
nuclear world must have
more than a fleeting wish
that modern weapons could
be limited or abolished"
The phrase "arms control"
is not a popular one with
Nikita Khrushchev. The So
Wet Premier and the Krem-
Inns policy line calls for
disarmament" not "arms
control" and scores the last
description Of the worlds
need as a cheap and treach-
Evening star., 1961-04-02

erous semantic rejection Of
real disarmament.
But Mr.. Hadley, a former
Pentagon reporter for a ma
tional newsWeekly, contends
that disarmament is neither
possible nor desirable. In
presenting this very familiar
proposition, he warns us as
have others before him that
superior nuclear strength in
the hands of an enemy need
not necessarily be employed
in direct destruction. The
very existence Of a superior
nuclear power in enemy
hands is to mean the exist
ence of the power to black
mail, insuring defeat even
without attack.
Basic, controlled arms
limitation" combined with
certain limited agreements,
such as a mutual decision by
Washington and Moscow on
what to do in the event of
accidental nuclear blasts, is
the immediate need, the
author concludes. The cor
ollary is inescapable that the
cold war and the nuclear
terror are, for many years at
least, here to stay.
FRED THEROUX.
Evening star., 1961-04-02

the expression. If a man
wrote at all in the 18th CEN
tury, he was fated to write
well.
I wish it were possible to
read the papers through the
eyes of a man they were de-
signed to influence. Perhaps
today, so remote from the
conflict and passions Of 1877,
one is unable to recognize the
tricks Of the skillful politician
special pleading, the ad
honttnem argument, refuta-
tion by countercharge, and
many other highly developed
types Of emotionalism. Maybe
1t is only through a naivete
foStered by the sanctity of
nearly two centuries that
Madison's apparently pas
sionless descriptions of the
dangers of democracy, fac
ton. religion, and special in
terest, followed by logical
reasons why all these dangers
must be tolerated, even en-
braced. seem to me so ex-
traordinarily remarkable in a
practicing politician. Publius
granted the arguments Of his
opponents his entire con-
sideration (at least, he gave
every appearance of doing
so); since the time of
Lincoln few politicians have
risked disaster by debating a
question, when it is so much
more to the point to pro-
pound a solution. But Publius,
writing to revolutionaries who
were hot with success, blood
still in the eye, reasoned with
them to give up peaceably
what they were still flushed
with having won-a part of
the States individual liberty.
DR.. Wright is one OF the
leading authorities on Ameri-
can constitutional develop
ment, and his long introduc-
ton calculating the varied
sources and overtones Of the
ideas discussed in THE Fed
eralist" is of course what
gives the volume it's greatest
interest, since the text of the
papers themselves is by no
means a rarity. The intro
ductory makes extremely good
reading, but excellent and
exhaustive though it is, it
could we'll have been extended
to include a chapter on why
the propaganda of Publius
was well tailored to it's con-
temporary reader, and to
what extent it was effective.
Evening star., 1961-04-02
BY MARY McGRORY
Star Staff Writer

Young Frederic Raphel who
was born in America and
grew up in England, has won
the Lippincott Prize with a
bumptious, uninhibited, re-
petitive and wonderfully alive
novel called THE LIMITS OF
LOVE. Gippincott;; $4.95D
Mr.. Raphael is one of those
writer's who have to tell you
everything he knows, which
can at the end of 400 pages,
become slightly tiresome. But
he also knows what he is
talking about, and his story
about what it means to be a
Jew in England and what it
means to be young and in
love, is drenched in human
warmth and vitality.
If there are limits to love,
as indicated in the title,
they are not sharply defined
here. Mr.. Raphael, brash as
he is, has one thing in COM
mon with Miss Jane Austen:
He shares her belief that
nothing is more important
than the meetings and mat
ings of the young. And while
his book is also an account
Evening star., 1961-04-02

material, the librarian asked
why he wanted to know. The
boy said: Lady. I'm building
one"
Since textbooks obviously
can't be revised frequently
enough to keep up with such
demands, the burden falls on
the more flexible and re-
sponsive field of trade and
library books. Active in en-
couraging more science
books, especially for younger
children, is the Edison Foun-
dation, established in 1855,
just one jump ahead of Sput-
mix. Each year they offer
several awards, based on the
premise that the earlier chill
dren learn about science, the
more scientists we will have
tomorrow.
Evening star., 1961-04-02

This first volume in Put
mans History in the Max
ing" series has as a second
ary title There Is Always a
Reporter" The feeling of
uneasiness this bald vapidity
creates is not dissipated by
the book that follows.
Two French writer's, a
journalist Georges Pernoud,
and an historian, Sabine
Flaissier, have made a selec-
ton of (by their own esti-
mate) / per cent of the
$4,000 eyewitness reports of
various phases Of the French
Revolution. These have been
arranged in chronological or
der and pieced together with
a paragraph or two of expla-
nation.
Unfortunately truth is not
always the historians tar
get," says Andre Maurois in
the preface to the volume.
"The authors of this book and
Of its successors have pre-
ferred to present to the read
er the evidence of witnesses,
authentic, pure, uncomment-
ed (sic) and coming from
Evening star., 1961-04-02

caught on over here in the
last ten years, is that the
critic is a loyal partisan of a
body of art or a group of
artists. His job is not to ex-
anime and explain but to
build the reputation of his
friends. M. Salmon is in the
tradition. There are occa-
sional moments of genuine
pathos, but generally the
prose is stilted and high
flown, especially in the con-
versations.
Modigliani was a grea t
modern painter and the best
efforts to transform him into
another Kirk Douglas S
triumph cannot hide the fact.
He lives in his pictures. If
you want more than the pic
lures, the best book was
written years ago by the
painters peer and friend,
Jacques Lipchitz.
FRANK GETLEIN.
Evening star., 1961-04-02

pride, greater self-control,
than does the EngliShman.
He insists that his role is
that of story teller and crea-
tor Of men and women, and
he eSchews Greene's banal
theses and undigested plots.
Luigi falls in love with
Jilal, a Somali girl, who in
a childhood tribal rite has
suffered a mutilation which
defends her chastity against
anything short of a violently
brutal assault. This is not
Luigi's way, and the witch
doctors will not help a native
girl who has given herself
to the enemy" Luigi can
not bring himself to appeal
to the only white doctor he
knows. for fear of ridicule
or condeScenSion.
The development of the
situation involves a complex
of misunderstanding in which
the Church, the Italian con-
sular administrators, and the
SomaliS all play parts that
are human, comic and al
ways quite believable. M.
GaScar is a superior novelist
in that his discipline is to
describe people by telling
what inevitably happens to
them. His is an oblique ap-
proach, but it is the lifelike
one.
Evening star., 1961-04-02

achieved quietly, directly,
and convincingly.
The drdmGtTs perSonde are
largely a colony of Italians
who have elected to stay in
Italian Sonaliland after the
war. These men congregate
in a restaurant, or really a
club, run by one of their
number. They are involved
in the torpor of Africa, their
nostalgia for Italy, the de-
veloping crisis of political
freedom for the Italian COL
ony, their beautiful Negro
mistreSses, and the intermit-
tent tensions and reliefs, ac-
tions and reactions of their
existence in exile.
The group is joined by
Luigi, a young bank official,
who falls under the spell of
Somaliland, and comes to
feel doubt about the white
mans burden. He is re-
garded as a mild radical by
his compatriotS, each one of
whom is, as represented by
M. Gascar, a drawing from
life rather than a caricature.
Several factors-exile, doubt.
Illustration, malaise-remind
the reader of THE Coral
Barrier" of the novels of
Graham Greene. There is
a resemblance, but the
French author shows greater