davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-09-18
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
More About Controlling Elements
By THOMAS r. HENRY

Temperature on a limited
scale and fog, hail and
lightning may be brought
under human control.
This prospect appears In
preliminary results of expert
ments conducted under aus
piceS Of the National Acad-
emy of Sciences and the Ma
tional Science Foundation, as
reported by DR.. Alan F. Wa
terman. chairman of the
foundation, to President
Kennedy.
Most difficult will be the
actual changing of tempera-
ture - preventing hot and
cold spells. The possibilities
are being investigated as part
Of an extensive program by
the Office of Naval Research.
The Navy's experiments are
directed primarily to deter
mine whether seeding the air
with proper sized particles of
carbon black, properly dis
tributed, may not be an ef-
fective absorber of solar ra-
diation and thus affect the
heat balance of the atmos-
phere over limited areas.
Work on New Instruments
The Naval Research Lab
oratory in Washington now
is developing instruments re-
quired to make fundamental
measurements on clouds,
such as recording meters for
liquid water content. It may
at least be possible, it is be-
lieved, to modify freezing
rain to a less hazardous form
Of precipitation.
Work along similar lines
Is being carried out by the
research branch of the Air
Force at two major field
stations in Arizona and
Southern California. Work
already has shown that Ger
tain materials, such as me-
thylamine, are extremely eff
fective in inhibiting the ac-
ton Of ice nuclei in the at
moSphere. The experimenterS
are testing the ability of such
inhibitors to delay the onset
of ice development in the
formation of cumulous
clouds. Thunderstorms and
hail are both associated with
formation of this ice phase.
The Air Force scientists
are investigating cloud cir
culation patterns from the
initial presence of a COB of
humidity in the high atmos-
phere to the final develop
ment of the mature cloud.
Included in the study are
the distributions of vertical
air currents and the influ-
ence of all the surrounding
atmosphere on cloud forma-
tion.
The Forest Service of the
Agriculture Department is
carrying out scientific studies
of lightning and the posi-
bility Of greatly modifying it
through cloud seeding.
- 4
There now is a clock which
keeps time theoretically in
ninth-billionths of a second.
1t is the cesium beam os-
cillator developed at the Ma
tional Physical Laboratory at
Teddington, England, and
checked in a joint program
with the United States Naval
Evening star., 1961-09-18
Peace Still Has q Chance

In his identical letters to President
Sukarno of IndoneSia and Keita of Mali,
President Kennedy has effectively re-
piled to the appeal, as voiced by the
recent Belgrade conference of mon
aligned" nations, for an early summit
meeting at which he would enter into
direct personal negotiations with Pre-
mier Khrushchev. Although he has by
no means brushed aside the idea, he
has made clear that he regards it as
premature, and he has cited good rea-
sons for his view.
The best of these reasons, as Mr..
Kennedy put it, is simply this: That
although responsible governments must
explore all possible avenues, including
negotiations at the highest levels, for
mutually acceptable solutions of cur
rent international problems" it must
nevertheless be recognized that unless
such negotiations are carefully pre-
pared beforehand they risk failure and
may lead to deterioration of the situa-
ton" Accordingly, he and his admin
istration quite rightly "feel that at
time of great tension it is particularly
necessary that negotiations of the kind
proposed by the Belgrade conference
not only have careful preparation, but
also reasonable chance of success"
To that end, again in the Presidents
words, 1--WE are prepared to use existing
and appropriate channels to establish
the possibility of surmounting the pres
ent impasse." This week, for example,
when the United Nations General
Assembly reconveneS in New York, Sec
retary of State RuSk and Foreign Min
lister Gromyko will be on hand for the
proceedings, and they will have IAN
opportunity for serious talks about
Germany and other problems If the
Soviet side proves willing" AS to that,
the Kremlin has issued a statement
indicating that it welcomes the prospect
of Rusk- -Gromyko get-together for
"a relevant exchange of opinions" Such
a meeting, If productive, could lead in
due course to full-Scale conference
of foreign ministers, and this in turn
could serve, if its results were promis-
ing, to lay the groundwork for new
venture in Summitry
At the moment, however, the out
look for such venture seems anything
but bright This is so because of the
Kremlin'S generally menacing talk and
behavior in recent weeks, including
seemingly uncompromising statements
on Berlin'S future, and the sudden re-
sumption of atmospheric nuclear deto-
nations-an ominouS development that
has obliged our own country to reac-
tivate its underground testing program.
These are circumstances that have
moved Mr. Kennedy to warn once again
that I'VE are determined to honor our
commitments and are prepared to meet
force with force if it is used against us. "
And at the same time he has re-em-
Evening star., 1961-09-18
One Aircraft Missinq

For many decades there
has been a fundamental pre-
cept in teaching how to han
die firearms: Always look to
see if the piece is loaded.
Now comes a National
GuardSman, supposedly thor
oughly indoctrinated in the
handling Of firearms with
safety, who failed to look to
see if a piece was loaded,
and whose carelessness or
lack of high training de-
stroyed an airplane that cost
more than 81 million.
Apparently the guardsman
lacked effective training and
discipline in the handling
of firearms. An investiga-
ton should include not only
the man, but his superiors
responsible for his training.
Charles Coulter.
Evening star., 1961-09-18

Observatory official time
keeper.
The "clock" is based on
the oscillations of the atom
of the element cesium. Their
frequency, it has been de-
termined, is 9,192,631,770 cy-
cles per second. This value
has been adopted provision
ally by both American and
European scientists.
Such time precision OBJ
viously is of no concern In
daily affairs but may be sig
nificant in delicate scientific
experiments. The Naval OBJ
servatory now keeps three
kinds of time: mean solar
time, ephemeris time and
atomic time. The first is
based on measurement of the
earth's rotation about its
axis. 1t is found by observ-
ing stars as they transit
across the meridian.
Ephemeris time is based
on the revolution of the
moon about the earth and is
considerably more precise. 1t
is independent of the earth's
rotation, which varies
slightly from time to time.
Moon Camera Helps
Observatory research has
made a considerable contri-
button by development of a
dual rate moon position cam
era for determining ephe-
meris time. The moon cam
era holds the moon fixed rel
ative to the stars during a
simultaneous exposure of
about 20 seconds. In this way
the position of the moon is
obtained with greater accu-
racy than ever before has
been possible. The camera
also makes it possible to
photograph the moon when
ever it is visible in the sky
at night. Previous methods
generally limited observers to
a once nightly rendezvous
with the moon.
Most earthly affairs will
continue to run according to
mean solar time, subject to
checkups with ephemeris and
atomic time. "Clock-watch-
ing" says a Navy report.
may be a civilian habit, but
clock setting is a Navy re-
sponsibility."
Evening star., 1961-09-18
Drinkers on the Rocks

According to the latest
published information, our
lawmakers are engaged in a
truly commendable effort to
solve Washington's seden-
tary-or-erect drinking prob
lem. The latest proposal re-
ported is most ingenious:
that patrons be permitted to
drink at a bar (a) If en-
countering a short wait be-
fore being seated at a table,
and CD if screened from the
seated drinkers.
I envision entering a cafe
and asking for a table so
that I may lawfully partake
of a Ward Eight, a Planters
Punch, or some other drink
the preparation of which re-
quires a degree of skill. The
head waiter tells me that
there will be a short delay
and suggests that 1 speed
the time by having one at
the bar. I do so, and it is
without a trace of doubt the
vilest bilge that ever insulted
the human gullet. Leaving it
unfinished, I pay and turn
to depart. Immediately two
husky bouncers converge on
me. "Oh, no you don't,
Buster" sneers one. "You
can drink at the bar only
when you're waiting for a
table" They grab me and
throw me back in.
About the screen, I am less
sure. Perhaps it is intended
to prevent a sozzled sitter
from pointing to a swilling
stander and saying, IF he
en- stannup, I en- stannup,"
while tottering harvard. Per-
haps it's to prevent the Sit
ters and the ISLANDERS from
becoming mutually envious
and entering into a hot ex-
change of lemon peels and
olive pits. Perhaps it's just
because man is an animal
incapable of having any,
thing simple if he can in
some way make it unneces-
sarily complicated.
Robert L. Eichberg.
Evening star., 1961-09-18
FMbuster 'Fiqht'

The purely partisan political as
poets of the -filibuster "battle"
were plainly showing as the speech-mak-
ing got under way in the Senate last
week.
A group of Republicans, with future
votes in mind, sought to blame PreSi-
dent Kennedy for the failure to bring
up the proposed change in Senate rules
at the outset rather than at the end of
this session. Majority Leader Mansfield,
of course, stoutly disputed this, insisting
that the blame, if any, rested on his
shoulders.
To the extent that this exchange is
to be taken seriously, we think the
Majority Leader is right. The Senate's
rules are the Senate'S business, not the
Presidents. The President, of course, can
always exert his influence in such a
matter. But it would have been an act of
folly If the President or the Majority
Leader had tried to launch this session
with knock-down fight over what we
think is largely a SpeciouS issue.
The issue, if it can be called that,
is whether a Senate rule should be
changed to permit shutting off debate
by three-fifths rather than two-thirdS
of the Senators present and voting. An
effort to muster the two-thirdS vote,
which will be necessary if the rule is to
be changed now, has been set for to-
morrow. The indications are the effort
will fail, and we hope it does. For the
existing two-thirdS rule is not real
barrier to Senate action on any measure
which commands enough support to
Justify clamping down on debate. The
proponents of change say, of course, that
they are battling in the cause Of civil
rights. This, we believe, is phony
What they, or most of them, are
battling for is votes, come election day.
Evening star., 1961-09-18
Offers His All

Recently the Secretary of
Commerce appealed to us to
loosen our purse strings and
give the national economy a
shot in the arm. Would that
I could! However, there are
complications. My butcher,
baker, and tavern keeper
have already attended to the
loosening process and have
extracted the last sou mar
que. 1 have remaining, one SO
bill printed by the Republic
of Texas in 1841. If the
Secretary will let me know
where I can cash 1t, I am
willing to spend my all for
the cause"
Angus Sinclair.
Evening star., 1961-09-18
Defines Goal

L. w. Edwards letter de-
Tending police dogs in Incl
dents Of brutality made the
rather curious statement that
CORE Congress on Racial
Equality would serve much
better the eventual objectives
of their race if they would
bend their efforts toward
vigorously protesting the up
surge of crime. :"
First of all, protesting the
upsurge of crime is useless.
Getting at the causes offers
more hope. Ending the ra-
cial ghettos Of modern Amer
lea would be an obvious first
step.
When he uses the term
their race" Mr.. Edwards
forgets that CORE is BIZ
racial. Its goal is to make
Evening star., 1961-09-18
Planning for Peace

People from all walks of
life and all strata of society
accept without question the
wisdom of preparing in ad-
vance for whatever they want
to do. The preparation may
be in education for a career
or simple guide lines for dig
ging a ditch, but either way,
getting ready makes sense.
Similarly a society itself,
through its various special
lied segmentS, must and does
carefully plan for the future
both in the light Of and des-
pite existing conditions. Busi-
ness, labor, associations and
governments constantly ana
lyze and estimate future con-
ditions for everything from
business sales to shooting
wars.
But there is one really glar-
ing exception, one outstand-
ing black space in this picture
of a modern society busily
looking ahead to the future.
Who is planning for peace?
Does peace fail to qualify for
study and preparation merely
because things are bad?" Is
peace being ignored just be-
cause we feel it can't be at
tanned soon? Is our national
security destined to rest for
all time on our arms capabil-
ity and deterrent strength?
Let's look at these ques-
tions squarely in the light of
what is now going on in the
United States. Some Con-
gressmen have received let
ters which question the de-
STABILITY of setting up a ma
tional Arms Control and Dis
armament Agency for World
Peace and Security. The Ber-
lin crisis, the Soviet resump-
ton of nuclear testing, and
the other menacing develop
mentS of the day have caused
some American citizens to
think of the future largely in
terms of a military show
down. Time enough, they say,
to think about planning for
disarmament and peace when
these crises have passed;
now we must think eXclu-
sively of how strong we can
make ourselves.
No one is going to ques-
tion the necessity of billions
for defense, but should we
not also spend a few millions
on planning for what comes
after the crisis has passed?
Right now things look bad
for peace and disarmament.
This is all the more reason
why we should employ the
best available brains in plan
ming for the time when
things will look better. For
when an improvement in the
international climate occurs,
we must at least be ready for
it. We should know how to
react to it, and what is more,
we should be preparing ways
to stimulate such an i'm
provement. Why's wait to
start thinking?
Let's not have it said that
the United States is long on
brains but short on sense;
that we have the intellectual
resources to discover the way
to a world without war, but
that we can't be bothered;
that we are willing to let the
world slide into the war that
nobody wants because "the
time is not propitiouS" for
thinking about and planning
for peace. I agree with all
those who complain that the
world image" of the United
States is distorted, but it can
be improved if we demon
strate to the world that we
are making the common
sense preparations for peace.
James J. WadswOrth
President, Peace Research
Institute
Evening star., 1961-09-18
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDriters' correct
names and addresses. All let
terS are subject to condenS1-
tion. Those not used iDill be
returned only tDhen accom-
painted By self - addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-09-18

The bitter determination Of
Northern professional civil
rightists to play vote-catch-
ing politics on this tragic is
sue to the end-and to force
others in self-defense into
the sleazy game - is now
proved beyond all reasonable
doubt.
They are going on de-
manding extreme extensions
of Federal force in the racial
field in spite of all these un-
deniable facts:
l. That this country faces,
over Berlin, the gravest for
eign crisis since the Second
World War and never so
needed unity at home, North
and South, East and West.
2. That school desegrega-
tion is now proceeding rea-
sonably and in good order
and in most cases voluntarily
in eight Southern States.
8. That this responsible
and orderly progress has
been so notable as to bring
from President Kennedy him
self, who is surely not anti
civil rights, public con-
gratulations to the South for
giving to the world "a con-
vincing demonstration of the
American peoples respect for
law"
4. That the Federal Civil
Rights Commission, which is
anything but pro-Southern,
has long since officially
found that in complaints of
discrimination not involving
the schools-in hiring and in
police brutality to Negroes,
for examples - the entire
South is far behind a mere
handful of States in the
North.
Peaceful Adjustment
In the face of all this, in
the face Of the observable
fact that the South itself is
peacefully adjusting to a re-
versal Of century-old habits
and customs, why do the pro-
fessional civil rightistS de-
mand more and more legisla-
tion openly directed only at
the South?
Do they seek progress in
race relations? Hardly. For
progress is now sufficient to
satisfy all those, North OF
South, who are willing to
concede that some measure
of popular consent is neces-
Sary in a government resting
on consent of the governed.
Do they seek only fair play
for the Negro? Hardly. For
no new Federal law is needed
to stop the denial of jobs to
Negroes fairly basic "civil
right" itself to those who like
Evening star., 1961-09-18
Theatrical Gesture

A reader of The Star
Endorsed the Rev. Billy Gra-
hams suggestion to the
President that he proclaim
a Nationwide day of prayer
for peace. Since we already
have So days out of the year
set aside for worship and
Evening star., 1961-09-18

prayer, which are hardly
being taken advantage Of, I
doubt if either the Lord or
Khrushchev would be i'm
pressed by this theatrical ges-
ture.
Frank BryarS.
Evening star., 1961-09-18

the United States a better
place to live in for the race
that really counts-the one
Mr.. Edwards belongs to-the
human race.
George Snencer.
Evening star., 1961-09-18
Pressure on Steel

I read with much disnay
and CONSERVATION President
Kennedy'S appeal to the
steel industry not to raise
the price Of steel on october
l although they (the COM
panies) must grant labor an
automatic wage increase on
october /. This is patiently
unfair.
I, as a small steel stock
holder, seriously question the
morality of such an appeal.
1t appears to me that the
steel industry has been the
whipping boy Of the United
States Government for some
time. Why not also the steel
union? It has been argued
that the steel industry is so
basic to our economy, and so
vital to our national de-
fense. I believe that the
electronics industry is Just
as basic and why haven't
Congress and the Admins
tration taken an interest in
this industry? Because it has
been politically expedient to
whip the steel companies and
appeal to the steel workers
for votes. Two years ago the
steel companies had the cur
rent contract rammed down
their throats by the inter-
vention of Mr.. Nixon and
Mr.. Mitchell in the steel ne
gotiations.
Many large and small steel
companies had a very hard
time in covering dividends,
which incidentally have not
been raised in four years al
though the labor in the steel
industry has received a raise
in each of the last five years.
The American steel industry
has been hurt by the COM
petitive steel industries Of
Japan, Germany, France and
England which have been
put on their feet by Ameri-
can foreign aid. 1t is my
opinion that the steel COM
panies can best determine
their competitive position in
the world market and should
be permitted to fix prices in
our free economy. COR is it
free?)
The economic advisers Of
the President see a good
profit for the steel industry
this fall. Certainly there is
no assurance of this. Further
the steel price increase would
not hurt our monetary posi-
ton because our steel ex-
ports at present are low. In
all, it appears to me as more
of a political nnaneuver than
an economic necessity.
I would like to see an ap-
peal made to the steel work.
ers not to make further de-
mands on a sick industry. If
the steel companies honor
Mr.. Kennedy's appeal, which
they as responsible groups
will, then some hard and fast
concessions should be. exacted
from the steel workers. This is
fair. This is the American
way.
David s. Wishner.
Editors Note: Subsequent
to asking the steel industry
to hold the price line, the
President addressed a some
what similar request to the
steel union.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-09
MECHANICS
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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-09

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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-09

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