The Sidney herald., 1961-07-05
TOTALTTARIANISM

TOTALITAKIANlSM
Communism and fasciSm are to-
t~alitarian in nature. The practice
of totalitarianism is to Submerge
all of life in the glorificatlon Oh
the nation. Structurally, the to-
talitarian government Is mono
lithic: that is, it is directed and
controlled from the top. AT n
peak is a group often referred 10
as the elite. The elite usually
consists of two groups: an outer
group which is responsible tor
administration, organization and
enforcement of regulations, and
an inner group made up OF a few
individuals which may affect or
even make policy. Final authority,
however, rests in the hands OF a
single man known as 1.-THE Lead
err" 'fDer Fuehrer," I'll Duce," or
some similar title.
Authority, unity, and obedience
are key words ~ a totalitarlan
vocabulary. Benito Mussoline ex-
pressed the basis of fascism as
"An through the state, all for the
state, nothing against the state,
and nothing outside the state"
The leader speaks and the people
obey. The leader claims a special
intelligence or intuition and there
fore assumes the right to issue all
the laws and regulations which he
in his infinite wisdom knows are
best for the people. There is no
freedom of discussion, no tolera-
ton of opposngi ideas, no compro-
mise, no respect for individual
rights.
Basically, modem communism
and fasciSm are alike, but there
are some differences. Under faS-
ciSm, as in Germany or Italy dur
ing the 1905, property including
business, banking, commerce, and
farming generally remained in
private hands. Government con-
trolls were complete to the extent
that a man might be deprived of
his farm or business if officials
contended he was inefficient or
was an "oppositicnist." ALI trade,
wages, and prices were regulated.
Independent labor unions were de-
stroyed and replaced by one con-
trolled by the government, n to
which all workers had to belong,
Under communism, all but per-
sonal property is owned and OPP
Grated by the government, and
the worker or farmer is forced
to belong to the party-controlled
union. Under either system the
results are similar insofar as en-
terprise and individual initiative
are concerned.
In the past fascism has beer
voted into power, as in Germany
and accepted as necessary, as il
Italy, by the legitimate govern
ment. Communism has never Sc
cured control without resort TX
revolution, occupatin, or military
infiltration.
SOCIALISM
There are numerous forms OF
socialism; however, a general,
accepted basic definition toda,
would be that it is a political ant
economic theory of social organ
izatiCu based on collective or gov
ernmental ownership and demo
cratic management of the essen
tial means of production and dis
trloution of goods and services.
The most important differenc
between modern socialism an
communism is the emphasis o.
democratic controls and the con
Germ for what is best for the in
dividual in the social group. Their
is no monolithic structure, nor
there worship of the nation. Tn
usual democratic processes operat
fully. To confuse modern social
ism and communism is a gree
error. The very first group to b
destroyed when the communists
seize power is the socialist groul
Economically, socialism puts a
end to profit-making. Under tn.
system, there is a tendency tC
1 ward a levelling of income, we.
fare services, and products to a
average stratum, and an effo.
to provide these things to all pei
pie regardless of talent or amb
ton.
Many countries today have
degree of socialism. Sometim,
services not reasonably aVailab