davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-02-05
THE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
ToRestore Momentum

Southern Democratic Republican
coalition control of the influential
Rules group. the traffic cop for
legislation which liberals feel
pushes only the red light when
social welfare measures come up.
Mr.. Rayburn faced humiliation
almost as severe as that the
Republicans meted out to their
former leader. Representative
Martin Of Massachusetts, when
they replaced him a few years
ago. Now the Speaker is in sub
stantial control of the Rules
Committee.
He has handpicked the two
Democrats who have been added
to the group; both are expected
to go along with the Kennedy
programs on minimum wage in
creases. aid to the aged, housing
and school construction.
The new Republican member
is expected to be conservative
and now. If the carryover mem
bers will vote as they used to.
instead of a 6-6 roadblock tie, on
controversial liberal" legislation,
the vote will be 8 to Z for clear
ance to the House floor.
Despite his success, Mr.. Ray
burn is being criticized for bring
ing q risky showdown vote 50 early
in the session, one which
thoroughly exposed the down-the-
middle split in the House. Also.
rumors of compromises and deals,
which rarely can be authenticated
or, on the other hand, demon
strated to be false, are rife.
One major report, which the
Republicans believe, generally. is
that the IS or so Southern Dem.
ocrats who went along with Mr..
Rayburn were assured that no
new civil rights legislation would
be pushed by the administration
in this session.
Evening star., 1961-02-05
Grim Outlook

While he referred to his prede-
cesSor as q great" President,
Mr.. Kennedy held back no
punches as he ticked off q series
Of agonizing problems and Situa-
tions at home and abroad he
found as his Inheritance. To
mention o few:
More than So million unem-
ployed, a serious balance Of pay
ments deficit, an economic recess
sion, crises in the Congo. Cuba,
Laos.
Mr.. Kennedy's grimmeSt state
ment, in q message studded with
warnings Of peril and the need
for sacrifices by Americans, was
this one:
Before my term has ended, we
shall have to test anew whether
o nation organized and governed
such as ours can endure. The
outcome Is by no means certain" "
The new President may have
been over dramatic In borrow
ing words from Lincoln. But as
he told his news conference on
Wednesday. two people can look
at the same facts and come up
with different conclusions. He
listed his on Monday.
AS he requested. we should all.
critics and supporters alike. give
him "the benefit Of the doubt Of
an honest view"
Evening star., 1961-02-05
No Rights Measures?

Three items could be cited in
support:
% One Of the two Democrats
added to the Rules Committee Is
an Alabaman who, although con-
sidered a Southern liberal, may be
expected to vote against new civil
rights measures.
(2) Mr.. Kennedy has en-
phaSized executive action to ad-
vance rights, but has been silent
about any legislative proposals In
this area.
90 Attorney General Robert
Kennedy's visit to see Chairman
Smith Of the Rules Committee,
an arch foe Of the Rayburn ex-
pansion plan.
While the Rules victory was held
necessary by the President to as
sure that q majority would deter
mine the fate Of his legislative
proposals and to prevent per-
sonal loss of face among our
friends and allies abroad, he ap-
parently agrees with most observ-
ers that the close vote strongly
warrants this conclusion:
The Kennedy program, partic-
ularly that part which involves
big spending and more Federal
controls, faces a difficult time
in the House. with watering down
or outright defeat q possibility on
certain items.
Evening star., 1961-02-05
The Soviet Role

Naturally the Kennedy admin
iStration must look to the Soviet
Union for comparable steps to.
ward an effective detente, If there
Is to be one. BY all the signs last
week, there was as much willing
ness in Moscow IS in Washington
to edge toward some plateau Of
peaceful co-existence." But both
sides were stirring warily, and 1t
viii probably be some time before
q real pattern in the repair Of
Soviet-American relations can be
discerned and evaluated.
In his first state-of-the- Union
message to Congress last Monday.
Mr.. Kennedy made no efforts to
gloss over the perils confronting
the United States and the West
in international relationships. He
stressed the necessity Of effective
armed strength in a world so
torn as ours today. But he voiced
hope and confidence that q de-
termined Nation, with a course set
for a dependable peace, could
achieve that peace given any de-
gree Of sincere cooperation from
the Socialist camp.
Before my term has ended. !"
the President told the assembled
lawmakers, I'VE shall have to test
anew whether a Nation organized
and governed such as ours can
endure the outcome Is by no
means clear
Evening star., 1961-02-05
NATO'sspotok:
Resigned

Paul-Henri Spaak, Secretary
General Of the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization, resigned
last week to re-enter Belgian
politics.
One Of the more pressing and
more long-range problems facing
the Kennedy administration Is the
future of NATO. The alliance that
uniteS Western Europe, the United
States, and the Eastern Mediter-
ranean in q defensive co-opera-
ton against possible aggression
clearly needs q reappraisal.
NATO's troubles stem mainly
from the fact that the conditions
under which 1t was created in 1949
have changed drastically. There Is
no question, apparently, as to
NATO'S future value as q union
Of the Western nations against
pressure from the Soviet bloc. But
the military situation in the
world. the advent Of the long
range missile, and the changed
political conditions inside NATO
member countries makes q re-
examination mandatory.
The announced intention Of
French President Charles de
Gaulle to create q French nuclear
striking force. independent Of
NATO, has stirred a bubbling fer
ment In other NATO capitals.
Chiefly, the De Gaulle proposal
has concerned the West Germans.
Chancellor Adenauer has warned.
in Bonn, that If the French force
is created the West Germans, in
their own interests, will have to
establish their own nuclear force.
The prospect Of q German nu-
clear military power pleases al
most no one. NATO's commander
in Europe, American Gen. Lauris
Norstad, has suggested, as an al
tentative to national nuclear
forces, a NATO force to be under
NATO command and composed Of
multi-national units,
Evening star., 1961-02-05

But Mr.. Stevenson. in line
with his belief that the U. N. is
not the place for a running ex-
change Of insult and polemic, did
not reply in kind to the Zorin
charges of "colonialism." He
merely regretted" the Zorin ''un-
justified attack on the secretary
general" and observed that q So
Wet move to take the Congolese
armed forces out Of politics would
be a more concrete contribution
to peace in Africa.
President Kennedy on Friday
talked at length with United
States Ambassador to Laos VIM
throp Brown. And yesterday MIR.
Kennedy conferred with AmbaSsa-
dor to the Congo Clare Timber
lake, amid indications that a new
United States policy toward the
Congo Is taking shape.
There were reports during the
week that q Communicated
government, loyal to former Pre-
mier Prince Souvanna Phouma,
had been set up in the Laotian
areas controlled by rebel Capt.
Evening star., 1961-02-05
The Economy

II Mr.. Kennedy was roumdly
critical Of what he saw at home
he had o bagful Of ideas on what
to do about correcting the situa-
ton. The sacrifices" he asked
seemed modest when placed along
side the crises he described.
Putting first things first, he
sent to Congress on Thursday his
economic message. Therein he
listed q dozen or 50 executive ac-
tions he has already taken, or will
take. and several recommends
tionS for legislation-a program
designed, he said, ito restore mo-
mentum" to the American econ
omy.
Nearly every Kennedy proposal,
from extending the duration of
unemployment pay to higher mini
mum wages and additional Social
Security benefits, was q campaign
promise.
The thinking behind his pro-
gram was that which was weaved
through the report made some
weeks ago to Mr.. Kennedy by his
economic task force headed by
Prof. Paul A. Samuelson Of NIT:
The economy Is sluggish and
needs q quick shot-in-the arm.
II this approach does not work,
then other, more drastic measures
will be needed. including an in
come tax cut. The threat of infla-
ton persists and must be guarded
against. but running a "deliber-
ately slack economy" is not the
answer. If recovery means pres
sure to reopen the price-wage
spiral that problem will have to
be faced.
The President obviously feels
that If enough money is quickly
spent-within the next weeks and
months - the economy probably
will perk up and get rolling again.
This is the idea behind the early
payment Of veterans insurance
dividends ($25O million) and the
granting at once to the States the
Federal share of funds for the
joint highway program ($724 mil
lion)-fundS they were scheduled
to receive over the next six
months.
This man-in-motion in the
White House who wants to get
the country moving ahead faster
did not concern himself solely
with the current recession in his
first major specific message to
Congress.
In the election campaign, he
was persistently critical Of what
he called a poor rate Of economic
growth over the last eight years.
He and the Democratic platform
called for an annual rate Of S
per cent or more. Now, perhaps
more realistically, he called for
Evening star., 1961-02-05
THE FOREIGN SCENE
Careful Moneuvers for Renewal
Of Talks to End the Cold War

Kong Les forces. The North Wet
Nam radio at Hanoi gave credence
to the reports. But when Soviet
Ambassador to the United States
Mikhail Menshikov, leaving the
State Department after a cour-
tesy call on Secretary Of State
RuSk, was asked about the reports
he replied only that amy prob
lem can be solved peacefully" +"
Laos, he said, was not q subject
In his chat with Mr.. Rusk.
Evening star., 1961-02-05

AAEBt ECPUEk Vn eAAG OtotC Va eAA1
Union to Congress on Monday
and found the Nation in recess
sion at home and In peril from
abroad. He sent his economic
message to the Hill on Thurs
day, setting forth both short
term and lOng-range programs
for perking mp the economy.
Within a three-week period in
January, two Presidents examined
the state Of the Union and Ameri-
cas- world position and problems.
While q general harmony Of
views on international matters
could be found, there was an in
escapable impression that the two
leaders must have been talking
about two different Unions" as
far as domestic affairs are con-
cerned.
On January IL, President Eisen-
hover. perhaps wearing rose
tinted spectacles. chose to stress
the positive. He listed for Congress
and the Nation the strides we
have made in the last eight years
"a fuller. more bountiful life
for most Americans, higher wages
and profits. fewer strikes, q sound
and stable dollar. extended joblesS
pay coverage while. at the same
time. maintaining the most
powerful peacetime military force
in history.
Less than three weeks later,
on January 80, President Kennedy
wore dark glasses and saw a diff
ferent scene. II Mr.. Eisenhower
pointed with pride, Mr.. Kennedy
viewed with alarm.
Evening star., 1961-02-05
The ActuoICost

The Samuelson report estimated
that its recommended actions
would cost between So and IS bill
lion (the first year, above planned
expenditures in the Eisenhower
budget for fiscal 1862. This is also
the unofficial estimate for the
Kennedy program.
Judging from the votes in Con-
gress In the last session. when the
conservative coalition was less
powerful in the House than it is
today, many Of the Kennedy
recommendations. even though
revenue proposals accompany
them. will run into fierce re-
SiStance.
Republican Senate Minority
Leader Dirksen promised last week
that the administration measures
would get a Calculated scrutiny"
and the G. o. P. leader in the
House. Representative Halleck,
announced that the Republicans
would have bill of their own on
each legislative item proposed by
the White House.
Proposals involving aid for dis
Evening star., 1961-02-05
First Jets Sooner

But these aircraft will be placed
in operational wings much earlier
than previously planned and will
give us our first Jet transport
capability four years sooner.
In the Presidents words, this
will help assure the ability of
our conventional forces to re-
spond with discrimination and
speed to any problem at any
spot on the globe at any mo-
ment's notice"
A look at the globe will indi-
cate several trouble areas where
American forces may one day
be needed.
The airlift action, although
Continued on Page B-4
Evening star., 1961-02-05
Santa Maria:
MeIodr0mo

The saga Of the hijacked
cruise ship Santa Maria was
over yesterday, with all passen-
gers disembaFked and the ''reb-
els" who seized the vessel
granted asylum in Brazil.
Portugal's floating revolt"
sailed to an emotional end on
Friday, with all concerned ap-
parently happy and all the world
Continued ON Page b.
Evening star., 1961-02-05
THE FOREIGN SCENE

Cautious moves toward cOm-
promise last week marked the
cold war In Africa, focused for
the moment on the strife-tOrn
Congo.
With q new administration In
the White House, there is new
hope that the old cold war, chilled
anew by last Mays U-2 incident
and by the gloomy collapse Of
the Paris summit conference later
the same month. might once
again have q chance to thaw.
Soviet Premier Khrushchev and
his closest aides have been care
fully maneuvering for q new ap-
proach since January 20, when
President Kennedy took the oath
of office. There have been these
developments in the crucial inter-
play Of international politics since
then:
. The Soviet Union, without
announced conditions, released
two United States airmen who
survived the shooting-down Of
an American RB-47 reconnais-
sance plane last July;
. In public statements. news
paper editorials and articles,
and radio broadcasts, the Krem-
lin has taken q reserved, mod
crate attitude toward things
American;
Q, At the United Nations, the
Soviet chief delegate, Valerian
A. Zorin, suggested in the Sc
curity Council that the United
States ought to make "a critical
reappraisal" Of its policy toward
Africa. especially With respect
to the situation in the former
Belgian Congo;
. A movement began, with
quiet United States support, for
q new U. N. effort in the Congo
looking toward naturalization"
of the political factions there
in the formation Of a broadly
based political coalition which
would include the partisans Of
the now-imprisoned former Pre-
mier, Patrice Lumumba;
Q The United States An1basSa-
dor to the Soviet Union, Lewel-
lyn Thompson. was called home
for consultations with President
Kennedy and Secretary Of State
Dean Rusk;
. State Department officials Of
the new administration were
burning the midnight oil map
ping out q new frontier" in
international affairs, with en-.
phasis first on relations with
Moscow and especially on the
future Of the North American
Treaty Organization.
These and other Developments
indicated again the inclination of
the Kennedy administration to
move, somehow and somewhere,
toward q new posture for the
United States, Q new policy that
might insure American initiative
and positive leadership In a world
situation suddenly stalled on dead
center.
Evening star., 1961-02-05
Arms: Success
And BuIdup

President Kennedy on Mon
day ordered an immediate in
crease in the Nations capabil-
ity to fight either all-Out or
limited wars. Later In the week.
these notable successes were
scored:
A chimpanzee was rOcketed
on l55-mile high flight to test
the capsule which may carry =
man into orbit next year and
the solid fuel Minuteman ICBM
landed In its target area on ito
first test shot.
For several years, many mill
tary and scientific experts have
been urging that the United
States strengthen its conven-
tional, limited-war forces.
Their reasoning Is simple:
Cd Russia and the United
States have, essentially, reached q
nuclear stalemate, with either
side capable Of destroying the
other in an all-out war. but at
the risk Of its own destruction.
ca Russia has a wide edge in
the quantity Of conventional
forces and. as regards many
weapons, in quality, too.
Conclusion; Small wars are far
more likely than big ones.
The Eisenhower administration
paid lip service to the idea Of
stronger conventional forces, but
did not accomplish great deal.
Now something is to be done
about it. President Kennedy has
directed that the modernization
Of our airlift capacity (transport
planes for carrying troops and
supplies) be speeded up and ad-
ditional aircraft be bought.
The Kennedy program, aside
from its 5000 million price tag,
may seem modest; it involves 50
planes, 80 Of them C-135 Jets and
% C-130E turboprops.
Evening star., 1961-02-05

tressed areas. extended unemploy-
ment compensation and others
covering items Of emergency ma
ture are likely to find bipartisan
support, even though the amounts
Of money involved may not equal
those requested by Mr.. Kennedy.
Evening star., 1961-02-05

fare of the Eastern European
peoples"
Mr.. Kennedy did not employ the
term captive nations" as he dis
cussed, briefly, his project to "re-
establish historic ties of friend
ship" with the peoples and ma
.tions of Eastern Europe. In this
respect, at least, the President
avoided stirring once again the
bitter Soviet resentment against
American references to the East
ern European nations as helpless
pawns in the Soviet Imperialism.
He asked the Congress to au-
thorize increased discretion to
use economic tools in this area
whenever this is found to be
clearly in the national in
tereSt. :" AS a Senator, Mr..
Kennedy has fought to liberalize
the provisions Of the Battle Act.
which embargoes aid to any Com
munist controlled areas. Ap-
proved by the Senate, the Ken
nedy amendments were side
tracked in the House Foreign
Affairs Committee in 1859.
Evening star., 1961-02-05
On Eastern Europe

There was one note in the
Kennedy address that surprised
many observers who expected the
new President to adopt a tone Of
careful conciliation. This was his
reference to the "our hopes for
the ultimate freedom and well
Evening star., 1961-02-05
Administrations Proqrum

LEGISLATION ALREADY REQUESTED:
To broaden Social Security allowing retire.
ment payments for at 2 increasing minimum benefits and
benefits to aged widows
To increase the minimum $lanhour
over two-year period.
unemployment jobSS whose benefits
have out
To amend the Aid to Dependent program to include
offspring Of needy unemployed.
To aid depressed Of chronic unemployment
economic climate.
LEGISLATION EXPECTED THIS YEAR:
To housing and Federal department urban
affairs aid the aged Social Security
ton and teachers salaries tax reform
men compensation system the strengthening health research
and training activities and the development
Evening star., 1961-02-05

a growth somewhat In excess of
3.5 per cent.
To accomplish this he pro-
posed, but gave few details. these
things:
A Federal tax system reform
which would stimulate business
investment in new plants and
close certain loopholes: programs
to raise workers productivity
through better education, health,
training and research: develop
ment Of new supplies Of natural
resources: establishment Of q
presidential advisory committee
on labor-management problems.
Evening star., 1961-02-05
Favorable Response

Most Of Western Europe's press
responded favorably. even with
enthusiasm, to the Kennedy ad-
dress to Congress. The Soviet
bloc press reported the speech
without editorial comment. In
uncommitted Yugoslavia, the m
fluential newspaper Politika found
the speech to be encouraging"
but regretted the Presidents ref
erences to the Eastern European
nations.
Both Whitehall and Foggy Bot
tom announced Thursday that
British Prime Minister Macmil-
Ian would visit Washington in
April for talks with President
Kennedy. And although the ad-
ministration continues to stress
that East-West diplomacy Ii
going to be conducted at the
working diplomat level, utilizing
established diplomatic contacts,
there were few who doubted that
q new try for a summit confer
ence, If properly worked out in
advance, would in time win Ken
nedy assent.
The Soviet suggestion for an
American 'reappraisal" Of the
} United States policies in Africa.
coupled with renewed attacks on
the course followed by u. N. Sec
retary General Dag Hammar-
skiold. brought sharp rejoinder
from Adlat Stevenson. new United
States Ambassador to the q. n,
m Thursday
Evening star., 1961-02-05

The Week in Perspective
EDWIN TREBLE. Editor.
Fred Theroux, Foreign Affairs.
L. Edgar Prina, National Affairs.
Evening star., 1961-02-05
Laos BTiefinq

on Thursday
Evening star., 1961-09-17

Electric Work Instoed by Licensed ond Bonded Eeefeion
Plumbing Work Insfoed by Registered and Bonded Plumber
Aones Code Of Business Ethics ond rigid supervision OF oil
work Atomic Construction and Supply Co. the largest
home the We Answer ALL Your Home
Improvement Problems.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-04-26
Teen-Aqe SeIf-AnuIysis

Nom I've been doing serious thinking and I've
aggeration from Dad"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-04-26
Youth Awards

Youth achievement awards
have been presented to four
area young people by the
Soroptimist Club. Those hon.
ored for citizenship are: Mr..
Willie Blakeney, 1S-years-
old; Miss Marilyn Bossart,
17-years-old: Mr.. Dennis
Perry, 12-years-old; and
Miss Jacquelin Turner. IT.
yesrs-old.
The awards were spon-
sored by the Metropolitan
Police Boys Club No. 2, the
SouSa Recreation Center, the
No. 4 Police Boys Club, and
the Ridge Road Playground
Center.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-04-26
OfLOVE and
LAUGHTER
o. AAAbINpIe uNIAee
Where Are Our City's
Eorth-Hunqry Children?
By MARJORIE HOLMES

This is the story of old man and some city chill
dren and precious garden patch.
The is William Noble ST. whom we spoke of
two springs ago. OF how lovingly he tended the tiny
scrap of ground given him the manager of his apart
ment house, the Whittier Gardens. And how much Joy
1t the entire neighborhood to him tending
each day. watching 1t grow If nourshing it with his
eyes. And how 1t did grow for him, abundantly.
But age must give way to youth Last spring looking
out the neighbors Mr. Noble leaning quietly on the
walker to which he'd been confined by injured hip
But happily hoeing away In his place six earth
hungry youngsters from the Paul and Marcia Green
berg; Carol Mstead and her brother Billy; Linda Noble
and Sheilah Young
How proud he was Of their exploits" one of the
mothers Especially Of the size Of the pumpkins they
sTew-some Of them 10 to "a inches around.
And 1t struck me as strange somehow. For all around
us are homes with yards and garden space going waste
while children sit their porcheS reading comic books
Whereas the old man and the children who spend their
lives In apartments, treasure little piece ground
enough to divide it up among themselves. plant
carefully and exclam the beauty and wonder of
growing things"
This spring? These same children are already mark
Ing of their precious garden patch and working In It,
while Mr.. Noble contentedly watches them
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-04-26
Rockville Club
Plans Benefit

The annual benefit lunch
con and fashion show Of the
Woman'S Club Of Rockville
will be held at noon May
II at the First Presbyterian
Church in Rockville.
The event will benefit vari-
Gus welfare projects of the
club. Mrs. Harry Pontius
Is chairman Of the event.
Others on the committee
for arrangements are Mrs.
Hugo Eskildson, Mrs. William
Frank, Mrs. Gilbert Elliott,
Mrs. Harry B. Leland, Mrs.
Raymond Gill and Mrs.
Harry Westcott.