davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana farmer-stockman., 1961-04-01

WE ALL RECOGNIZE early and late
vegetative seasons and know that they are
tied IN with the weather The study of how
plants develop IN relation to the environ
ment is known as phenOlOgy. Information
on the time when plants reach various
stages in their development such as tiller-
ing and Towering, is called chronological
data.
Many factors in the. environment can
influence the rate at which plant passes
through the various stages of its life cycle.
Some of the elements that can modify the
rate of plant development are differences
IN temperature, radiation and soil type.
Thus the plant reflects the total complex
OF the environment to which 1t is exposed
and links together into one value the many
envirOnmental factors that influence plant
development. Conclusions can be drawn
regarding the relative developmental rate
Of crop in two communities by compar-
ing the average dates when the plants reach
a given stage of development at each loca-
ton.
Agricultural Uses
Psychological data can be used in many
ways, particularly in the field of agriculture
While specific combination of environ
mental factors induce one plant to flower
and another to germinate knowledge of
relationships between different plants al
of plant to indicate the optimum time to
seed a crop, spray weeds or initiate some
other action on the farm
IN the spring of 1856 research project
was started at the Montana Agricultural
Experiment Station to determine the geo.
graphical pattern of development of various
plants throughout the state of Montana.
The common purple lilac was selected as
the initial observation plant, and two years
later irrigated alfalfa and non-irrigated
winter wheat were included in the study.
After the first year of the Montana lilac
survey in 1856, Montana received regional
funds to extend the network throughout
the eleven western states.
Volunteer Services
Data are reported by psychological OBJ
servers throughout the state of Montana.
These volunteer observers include farmers,
ranchers and people living in cities and
owns. The US. Weather Bureau climatic
Ogical observers have also made SubStan-
ial contributions to the program.
To facilitate the recording of data, CO.
operators are provided with stamped, ad
lreSSed reporting cards which they mail to
he Montana Agricultural Experiment Sta
ion after their observations have been
made. Those participating in the program
eceive reports on the results of the survey.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1961-04-01

Here are the results Of study begun
In 1856 to determine the geographical
pattern of development of various plants
throughout Montana. The common purple
lilac was selected as the observation plant
and in the April L, 1857, article entitled
ssBe Lilac Observer" Montana Farmer
Stockman reported the study and invited
readers to cooperate by reporting the
blooming dates of their lilacS. The re-
sponse was excellent and the results are
now charted on the map on this page
and the List which accompanies this
article.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1961-04-01

Additional observers are needed, particu-
1arly for irrigated alfalfa and non-irrigated
winter wheat. If you are interested in par
ticipating in the project please send card
to the Agricultural ClimatologiSt, Montana
Agricultural Experiment Station, Bozeman,
Montana, and indicate which plant you
would like to observe.
Lilac Bloom Map
The common purple lilac was chosen for
observation because it is widely distributed
throughout the state and can be easily iden-
titled, and because many plants develop in
parallel and some even bloom at about the
same time as the lilac The map shows the
general pattern of spring vegetative devel-
Opment throughout Montana as indicated
by the average date when the common
purple lilac begins to bloom. 1t is based on
the five-year period 1956-1960
During any particular year the actual
bloom date may vary from the average due
to weather conditions. Blooms can occur
more than week earlier than average dur
ing years with warm spring and more
than a week later in years characterized
by cold spring weather
This map is intended to give broad
general picture of the advance of vegetative
development in the state. More detailed
maps have been drawn to determine bloom
dates for specific locations.
Five Early Zones
There are five major zones of early vege-
tative development in Montana as indicated
by areas where lilacs Continued on page 24)
Evening star., 1961-06-18
';'''s; Sz ! =

Limited Quantities-LangIey Park Store Only
Solo, trodtionoI, foam RUBBER, turquoise teomp.
lSS.SoJ I9S.SS
Sofo traditional foam RUBBER gold tcomp to 8oe8- 1899
Solo, traditional foam rubber green teomp 8998- 1899
Solo, traditional foam RUBBER eomp 23998 1889
Solo, traditional foam rubber tcop 2le98- 1899
Solo, trodonoI foom rubber gold comp. 1898 1880
2o9es) --------------- l54ss
Soto. French Provincial. foam RUBBER toost tcomp to
Solo, toditiono foam rubber eomp 2ee e8) z44es
Sofo Cooniol foom rubber GOLD (eomp 24e ls4s9
Desk contemporary cherry (comp to 90 9e5)--- 1899
Evening star., 1961-06-18
1:1 $ q .,

Limited Observation-Disclosures Store Only
Solo, Colonial foam rubber print tcorp to 1883 1899
Solo, traditional foam rubber brown tcomp to 23e98) 1889
Solo, troditono, foam RUBBER turquoise comp to
Solo, traditional foam RUBBER nouro (comp to 1888 1899
Solo, traditional foam rubber comP to lS998) 1899
Soto, traditional, foam rubber charcoal brown teomp.
to 229981 - --.... ------ .-.--..- 1899
Solo, traditional foam rubber rose tcop to 2ee 1897 1889
Solo, traditional foam rubber (comp to 3lee8I 1899
Solo, Colonial rubber (comp l7e o8l 1899
Soto, Colonial foom rubber gold comp. 249osl lS4.es
Soto traditional foam rubber teop 279e8) 2os.s9
to 1855 - --o.0s1-7. - s--r" . 1898
Evening star., 1961-06-18
.IIsG Ton! 2!s. S !tIs ING ton
Livins-ROOm Furniture


6 Eory American 3-Pieee Living Room Groups sofobed
chair, rocker, solid maple tcomp l74 95) 1899
l99:98) 1899
walnut finish, assorted coors tcomp. to 3995) 1899
Lawson loveseos Plastic oo red comp 6995) 1899
"a Todonol Love Scots mohoeony assorted tcomp
to 5998l 3999
cosuo upholstered in block plostic comp to
Eoy Americon Solid Mope sofobeds ossorted coIors
tcomp. to ll4.95) 1899
Contemporary AII-Foom Sofobeds assorted coors teomp
Sleeper Bolster toost comp to 59e5l 3es9
Foom Sleeper DWons with Bolster assorted coos tcomP
to 89.o5) Observation-Disclosures 6999
10 Sleeper Dkons foom turquoise cop 50 e8l 3sSs
Platform Rockers Eory American, solid mopIe tcomp
pIotfom Rockers, Eory American solid maple (comp.
to 3s.95l ------------- -------------- z4Ss
l6 Lounge Choirs traditional STYLE foom assorted coo
teon'p. to $685. 1899
Dining Room Furniture
Rectangular Dining TobIes Colonial sbe solid cherry
II Colonial Solid Cherry Notes Chors comp o8) 1899
Colonial Solid Maple Side Chairs comp lee5) 1899
Coonio Solid Mople Coptoin Chors comp $685. 1899
10 Coonio Solid Mople Harvest Benches comp 3495 1899
u 5-Piece Round Oinette Sets, maple finish (comp to
lo9.99l SI77
Bedroom Furniture
Triple Dresser, solid maple, with mirror Ceomp to
l69.95) 1889
Beds or size solid nopIe comp to 1885, z4es
Beds full size, solid maple tcomp to 44.95l 1899
Bookcase Beds Colonial solid mope twin size teomp.
Bookcase Beds Colonial solid mopIe. full tcomp.
chest, tuI-size bed comp to l9998) 1899
Evening star., 1961-06-18
Bedroom Furniture

Modern Bedroom Sets: double dresser with mirror, full
size bookcase bed. grey tconp. to l47.e5) )-------
Chests, Colonial Spice Box nut brown tcomp to 44.e8)
Corner Desks Colonial Spice Box, nut brown (comp. to
oSSOJ
Cobinets Colonial Spice Box brown teop. to 44.95
Powder TobIes, French Provincial antique white tcomp.
70 2y.S2. ,.. 1i-,o-. r,o.c p,o,,;ocoI ono,,o
white tcomp to l3495l ---------------. .--~--
Chests French Provincial antique white tcorp to 99.95)
Chest contemporary, cherry tcomp. to 69.95l l------
Twin Bed contemporary, cherry (comp. to 38oo)--
Evening star., 1961-06-18
DininS.ROOm Furniture

Lounge Chairs, EorH Anercon, solid mopIe, green
Chino Cobnets Eoy Americon, cherry tcomp to l5995l
Hutch Tops EorIy American, cherry eomp. to e9.96l
Buffet Eory American, solid cherry tcomp. to l59e5)
Arm Chairs Eory American solid cherry tconp. to 1881
Side Chors Eory American, solid cherry tcomp. to 6.98)
Coptoins Chairs, Eory American solid mope (comp. to
Evening star., 1961-06-18
Is III: Ton s. I12a :11II

comp to 1855 - O--''o' --- 1899
Solo, foam rubber. turquoise comp o)--- 1899
$50 981 op.eU-, 'o1" .NO'' S'1... .-o..D 1899
Love Scot, Colonial, green print teomp. 895o) 499s
Love Scot Colonial foam rubber (comp 100 o9l 1899
Love Scots, French Provincial eomp to 69o8) 1899
Sleep DWons, posic, with boers ton blue tcomp
70 SO o5l
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-03-19

the January February and March in oddnumbered
years and 80 in election Just like college
days"
Annapolis becomes the center of the world and you're
hardly of anything else going around you she
says The only time have to look at newspaper is few
moments at the dinner table"
Attractive, whitehaired Peg Schwenhaut compares
the legislative hurry to AN extended cruise
The lawmakng day for the girls starts early and ends
late Mrs. Schweinhau who lives at 1901 Saul road Rock
Creek Hills begins the day in small apartment on historic
Cornhill street.
More people have taken apartments this year" Mrs
Schwenhaut says When the gets great and need
privacy, can get away from it ALL"
Unless has a breakfast meeting Gov. TaweS enter
small groups of legislators throughout the session at
breakfasts Schweinhaut has coffee and soboled
egg from her hot plate kitchen.
Mrs Cook who stays the Treadway breakfasts there
usually in an informal conference with members of other
county delegations Montgomery County home is at 1919
Piney Branch road, Silver Spring
Both the vOlumnous mail from con-
suents breakfast time and the start of morning
committee meetings.
The Assembly Ball this Thursday is of the many
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-03-19

STAR MAGAZINE. WASHINGTON. D. c.. MARCH 1861
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-03-19

1.-TWO grandmothers from Montgomery County delegates
the Maryland General Assembly in Annapolis. have
discovered that major ptfa of feminine legislator is
the daily snaggng of nylon stockings on spntey desks and
chairs
Much office furniture in the State House manu-
featured in the prisons and Delegate Margaret
Schweinhaut puts They didn't have legislators in
mind" Delegate Edna Cook agrees
The high of hosiery not of the problems en-
countered by Maryands first lady lawmaker Margaret
Brent of ndOmtable spirit she helped the Royal
suppress the Claiborne Rebellion by assembling
group armed volunteers Later appointed Lord CalvertS
attorney the busiest lawyer in the colony She
also the coonys first andhoder and its first
feminist.
1921 Miss Brent appealed to the Assembly for two
in their proceedings landowner and one as
Lord Caverts attorney When her plea refused she
established a new home in WeStmoreland County Va
The two Democratic women legislators from Montgomery
County proved themselves indOmitabe and enthu
SaSc their Colonial counterpart Both have been roughed
up in legislative acases but neither has considered de-
sorting to Virginia.
Both consider the legislative life hectic but
enjoyable" Edna Cook, sparkngeyed matron describes
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-03-19

extracurricuar activities occupying the energetic Mrs
Cook AS of the entertainment committee which
plans social per week-usually dinner dance
she Annapolis bathrooms, looking for places for the
also helped plan the Governors Ball for the eg
lature March9
This is least important committee assignment The
teacher is also the busy Education
Committee and the Agriculture and Natural Resources
Committee
Committee meetings are held at 10 and noon.
Mrs Schweinhau is member of the powerful Ways and
Means Committee, which meets nearly every day.
Between committee meetings and the opening of the
House pm the women usually Scurry to the
cramped Montgomery County delegation room Here over
lunch picked up the basement snack bar, Mrs Cook
letters, reads bills and holds brain
storming" sessions with her county colleagues.
Mrs Schweinhau has given lunch during her season
in Annapolis The bell rings for the afternoon session.
seems just coming out of committee meeting she
adds with twinkle Il usually drop three or four
pounds per session"
The formal meetings of the House impressive. Mrs
Cook and Mrs Schwenhau file in with the rest of the dele
gates to the blue leather swivel chairs
stained glass skylight, the bill numbers
ratified off by the clerk Desk buttons record the delegates
votes on an electric Scoreboard
None of the five delegates three from Balt
City, hestates join in the often heated debate as
bill comes up for third reading
The House session lenghenS from onehaf hour to three
hours the April 4h adjournment and more
bills flow into the hopper After the session, the women
lawmakers visit with constituents who are interested
particular bill-or who just came down to watch
This late afternoon respite is the only time the legsla
tors have to research draft bills although committee
hearings scheduled at this time.
Frequently lobbying groups entertain the lawmakers at
dinner the delegation has meetings with
from their county.
the of the Assembly is conducted
cocktails in dining of the Maryland Inn Carve
Hall
1T is here" declares Mrs Schwenhaut that get
chance with members of other committees and find
what's going on in their baliwicks."
these informal sessions the feminine legislators
their prepare for another day in the
political arena.
The awmaking week begins late Monday afternoon when
delegates from their homes for evening session
after the Friday meetings of the House and the Sen
ate, which begin at
distaT politicians children grown and their
husbands retired Mr. Cook Government research
chemist and Judge Schwenhaut sat the Federal bench
The to love the legislative merrygo-round
and both indicate they will run for office again in 1852
Mrs Schwenhau who chairman of the State Commission
Aging has been mentioned for high post in the Depart
ment of Health, Education and Welfare
Masculine feelings have changed since Margaret Brens
day Delegate Blair Lee ILL., head of the Montgomery County
delegation, to the mems feelings toward Dele
gates Cook and Schweinhaut:
Evening star., 1961-03-14
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Shipping Costs, Foreign Imports

waiianS and Puerto Ricans
insist with facts and figures
to back them up that this
factor does not nearly begin
to justify the soaring freight
rates between American
ports.
A weekly English-language
newspaper in Puerto Rico,
the tabloid Island Times,
publishes regularly a COM
parison list of prices for
staple groceries, fruits and
vegetables, meats and SINH
lar foodstuffs. Price tags in
San Juan and Ponce super
markets are listed side-by-
side with prices in effect the
same day in New York, BoS-
ton, Miami. The difference
is startling, particularly
when one considers the av-
erage income of Puerto Ric-
ans.
Evening star., 1961-03-14
Hill Restoration
Group Backs Bill

The Capitol Hill Restoration
Society last night voted to go
before the House Ways and
Means Committee with q petit
ton supporting a bill which
encourages home improvement.
The bill is designed to en-
courage home restoration by
easing the tax burden on
homeowners who work to re-
habilitate their property. It IL
also aimed at increasing en-
ployment through the stimula-
ton Of q self-home improve
ment industry.
Also, the society decided to
write President Kennedy stat
ing Its opposition to the razine
Of the east facade of Lafayette
Square. The society will ask
that the Dolly Madison House
the Tayloe House and the Bel
asco Theatre be preserved.
Members were urged to write
Mrs. Kennedy asking that she
use her influence to preserve
the east side Of the square.
The meeting was held at the
Capitol Hill Presbyterian
Church.
Evening star., 1961-03-14
Rates by u. S. Lines Termed Damaging
To Hawaii, Alaska and Puerto Rico

There are times when q
seemingly dry subject pre-
sents some fascinating as
poets.
The Senate Committee on
Interstate and Foreign Com
merce has begun hearings
on freight rates between the
mainland United States and
the States OF Alaska and
Hawaii, and the Common
wealth of Puerto Rico. The
hearings are the result OF a
series Of understandably an
guished protests from our
two newest States and the
Commonwealth.
The testimony has been
startling, to say the least.
Ocean freight rates between
American mainland ports
and Alaska, Hawaii and
Puerto Rico have slxyrocket-
ed in the last 10 years to a
point where they approach
the prohibitive.
With such zooming, STRAIT
ospheric rates in effect, it is
now as cheap to ship an
automobile from London,
Hamburg, or LIE Havre to
Honolulu as it is to ship an
American-made car from
San Francisco to Honolulu.
It is cheaper to ship
canned sea food such as
tuna. crab. oysters, and 9TH
er fisheries products from
Yokohama to New York than
from Maine to New York.
Pineapples from Formosa
can be shipped by freighter
to San Francisco or Seattle
or Los Angeles cheaper than
from Honolulu to the same
cities, or even to East Coast
ports. And pineapples hap
pen to be q major Hawaiian
crop.
The results of such q Gu
rious situation are. quite nat
urally. not encouraging to
American industry. European
automobiles are taking the
lead over American, for ex-
ample, in all three areas in
volved. Why buy an Ameri-
can car and pay half its value
just to get it shipped? And
this situation becomes all the
more ironic when it is q case
Of shipping from one Ameri-
can port to another Ameri-
can port.
In Alaska, haircuts cost
about three dollars, a quart
Of milk about forty five cents.
No, haircuts are not shipped,
but the barber has, like his
customers, the soaring cost
Evening star., 1961-03-14
Riqhts and u. S. Role in World

staffs, are aware that this
Nation must live what it pro-
claims. We have insisted that
in this country there are equal
rights and opportunities for
everyone and that this is
what separates US from the
Russians. We have not lived
up to that. Our failures, for
more than three -quarters-of
a-century to allow the Negro
equal opportunity in educa-
ton in the requirement Of
skills and employment, and
in the use of the ballot, has
seriously compounded our
problem. If we had now q
large reserve Of Negro teach
ers, educators, technicians.
doctors, agricultural instruc-
tors and health experts, our
country would have a power
full weapon in the hotly-
waged war for the minds Of
men.
The President knows this.
He will use what he has. We
may expect qualified and a.
vailable Negro college presi-
dents, perhaps three or four,
to be named as ambassadors.
The President cannot do
otherwise than determine the
Executives powers in the
field Of employment on Fed
eral contracts and in gov
ernment. He hopes honestly
and substantially to reduce
long-existing discrimination
by Executive Order. He plans
no new civil rights legisla-
ton for the reason that he
hopes the Congress and the
States will act. The States
which practice inequities in
this field should not fail to
understand that If they con-
tinue willfully so to do. then
Federal action will become
necessary. Neither this, nor
any other administration to
come, can afford to tolerate
glacial apathy in Implement
ing what we call the Ameri-
can dream.
Evening star., 1961-03-14
British Commonwealth Problem

example, than for the friend
ship Of q member Of the
group which has over the
years assisted so materially,
both in q military and an
economic sense. in forward
ing the fortunes Of Great
Britain.
There is q conspicuous in
consistency, moreover, in the
attitude which is being taken
inside India and Ghana, as
well as in Great Britain, to-
ward South Africa as COM
pared with the policies Of
those same countries toward
Communist Chiria. After all,
South Africa has not con-
Quoted aggression against any
other country, while Red
China was responsible for the
loss Of tens Of thousands Of
lives in the Korean War.
Also, inside Red China the
"communes" which have
been established actually sep
arate parents from children
and constitute q tyranny
which defenders of human
rights in Britain, India and
Ghana seem to be ignoring.
Indeed, the same people
who want to punish South
Africa because they don't
like its internal policies are
saying the United Nations
should admit Red China and
disregard not only the past
record in the Korean War
but also what is being done
inside China today to crush
human freedom.
Surely there are paradoxes
galore In world affairs now
adays, and not q little Of the
momentum behind the effort
to seek to discredit South
Africa for its racial policies
is the belief that this will
help to keep the new Afri-
can countries from nesting
in the arms of the Soviet
Union. If the West, however,
gives way to the whims of
so-called neutralist coun-
tries, the end result can only
be the disintegration Of West
ern alliances. Internal con-
troversies affecting human
rights are, Of course, a mat
ter Of worldwide concern, but
they can be considered do
mestic problems unless and
until they reach out to affect
international peace.
Copyright. 1981)
Evening star., 1961-03-14
RALPH McGILL
Urgent Need for Immediate Progress
Linked to High Stakes for Free Motions

A foreign diplomat. In at
tendance at q university
seminar, commented on this
Nations problem as high
lighted by events In the Congo
and pressureS from +, other
areas Of the world, including
our neighbors to the South,
the Latin Americans.
ut Is not inconceivable,"
he said, that the problem Of
race may in time become one
directly connected with ma
tional survival. II that time
should come, the government
then could do nothing else
save move strongly against
those who abuse it and there
by endanger national security.
This is precisely why the
'South's political leadership
should be educating its people
to the reality Of their situa-
ton.
"Now," he said, "is the time
for the Kennedy administra-
ton to strike. The death Of
Lumumba provided an op-
portunity. He was q Soviet
tool. He could have been
nothing. else had he lived.
There is none to replace him.
Without him there Is an op-
portunity to prevent an out
right Soviet base in central
Africa. Other African ma
tions see this. Even Ghana
and Guinea must understand
what would have happened
to them had Lumumba lived
and been returned to power.
"The United States may
not have a perfect ambas-
sador for Africa in Mennen
Williams" he continued.
But, already he has stirred
up controversies which dis
tract attention from those
WHO have been trying to
picture the United States as
Evening star., 1961-03-14

be Of Byzantine design, featur-
ing eight domes and surrounded
by q serpentine wall.
The association also dealt
with problems in the Foggy
Bottom and Naval Observatory
areas.
The group called the pro-
posed 130-foot height Of the
new Columbia Plaza illegal ac-
cording to a congressional act
Of 1910.
1t also opposed the CONNER
cial zoning of the area bounded
by Calvert street and Dunbar
ton Oaks and extending from
Wisconsin avenue to the Naval
Observatory. The group pre-
dicted that the proposed new
zoning would destroy the last
in-town wooded area Of the
city"
Last nights meeting was held
at the Georgetown Presbyterian
Church. 3115 P street NV.
Evening star., 1961-03-14
POTOMAC FEVER
By Pete Wyme
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

Mrs Eleanor Roosevelt wants more Govern
men officials Women deserve it, No other sex is expert
enced at spending somebody else's money.
Plans to send the Peace Corps to England have been
abandoned feared couldn't with the language
barrier.
Dick Nixon says he's not candidate for Governor In
49, President in "a 49, It's tribute to Nixons mental
capacity that he devote full time to his law practice and
still keep track Of all the offices he isn't running for
Commerce Secretary Hodges the recession has "ht
the bottom" Business will pick people start
buying things they don't need with money they don't have
yet.
They're changing the name of the White House to
Caroline's Cottage.
Willy Brandt, candidate for Chancellor Of Germany
visits the United States He hopes to to the German
people that he resist the temptation to offer foreign
aid program.