davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-12-16
Albany, Co., Breaks Off
Por|eys With Negroes

ALBANY, Ga, Dec. 16 (AP)
The Albany City Commission
today broke off negotiations
with Negro leaders over de-
mands to lower segregation
barriers in the city.
The action came as Negroes
threatened a renewal of dem
onstrations which have re-
suited in more than $50 arrests
this week.
The City Commission re-
sumed its executive session
shortly before 9 am, after the
president of the Albany Move
ment, DR.. w. G.. Anderson, set
a 10 am. deadline for the city
to reply to his organizations
demands.
In a statement issued as the
commission meeting broke up
the city said it could not con-
tinue negotiations in view OF
what it called the apparent
intention of the Negroes not to
live up to their pledge not tc
stage demonstrations while the
talks were going on.
A crowd of about 200 Negroes
gathered in mid-morning al
Shiloh Baptist Church, a few
blocks from City Hall, to await
the outcome of the commission
meeting.
DR.. Anderson earlier sent 6
telegram to Mayor Asa Kelley
saying the Negroes were await.
ing an acceptable response b.
10 am.
Evening star., 1961-12-16
Early Big 4 Berlin Talks Unlikely

idea of someday reuniting
that province with the
mother country. They had
to wait for half a century,
but the idea itself was never
given up throughout all those
years. The same thing ap-
plies to the German people.
No German government
could survive, it was empha-
sized, if it sewers even the
existing token political rela-
tions with Berlin.
Although DR.. Adenauer Is
reported not to have rejected
this suggestion, neither did
he promise to work through
German news media to pre-
pare public opinion toward
that goal.
Despite the optimistic Of
ficial reports issued after the
return of DR.. Adenauer from
Washington, there is a mood
of depression among those
closest to him.
Hence, the decision of Gen.
de Gaulle to stand firm in
refusing to participate in the
planned negotiations was
welcomed in the highest
quarters here. His position is
so determined, it is said in
Bonn, that even if DR.. Aden-
auer wanted to he could not
change it.
In a few words. Gen de
Gaulle stands by his earliest
decision that 1--WE are il Ber-
lin and have access to it by
right of conquest" The Rus
slams, he said, have confirmed
these rights twice at Potsdam.
If they want to negotiate, let
them come to the Western
powers with something ne
gotiable-which is not Ber-
lin.
Any OTHER attitude the
general adds. would be fatal
to Europe and the future OF
the NATO. He is reported to
have told DR.. Adenauer that
if America and Britain want
to negotiate by themselves
they must assume response
ibility for the consequences.
Europe is by way of becom-
ing as much a giant, in the
generals view, as America
and Russia. 1t can hold its
own, even in the face Of some
obscure hints from Washing
ton that America may have
to have another "agonizing
reappraisal" if its diplomatic
negotiations concept is hand
icapped.
Evening star., 1961-12-16

There was no direct threat
of renewed demonstrations in
the telegram, but DR.. Ander-
son had warned at a meeting
last night that if an answer
was not forthcoming from the
city today, you can look for us
in our marching clothes"
He made his warming after
a pep talk by the Rev. Martin
Luther King, jr., widely known
interrogation leader.
The Negroes have been max.
ing at least three specific de-
mands. They are:
/. Unconditional release o1
all persons arrested in mass
demonstrations which begar
Tuesday. More than $50 per-
sons have been arreSted.)
2. Total and immediate de-
segregation OF bus and train
terminal facilities.
8. Establishment of a con.
tinuing biracial study commit.
tee.
| There has been no violence
and the white citizens have re-
manned aloof from the activ'
tiles.
The nonviolent approach wa
stressed as a means for gaining
Negro objectives by DR.. KIM
and other Negro leaders at tn,
mass meeting last night. Nearl!
ZOO Negroes crowded into tw,
Baptist churches to hear tn,
speakers.
Evening star., 1961-12-16
The Plea of an English General in 1916
As Bottle Ragged Believed Apropos Today

Most of the work done by
a President is invisible. The
public picture of the Chief
Executive is one that emerges
from news conferences, ap-
pearances at conventions,
and dinners.
There is, for example, lit
tie comprehension of a Presi-
dent sitting for hours in con-
ference with leading nuclear
scientists. We do not think
of him as poring over the
studies Of air pollution. Nj
kita Khrushchev's any
blasts raised the level of ra-
diation to a new peak. Our
shots would, of course, con-
tribute additional fall-out.
The effect on our own peo-
pie must be considered by
the President. World opin-
ion will be most critical of
us-as it was not of the So
vietS during their tests. But
this latter consideration,
while important, will not in
any sense be a determining
factor in the Presidents
decision. There are, of course,
other facets of what is a
complex problem, as most of
them are in our time.
European sources have
suggested that one reason
the Soviets tested the So
plus megaton bomb was to
determine its effect on COM
munications, particularly the
electronically controlled ra-
dar, radio, and other forms
of control devices. 1t is
known, for example, that
two United States bombs ex-
ploded in the Pacific in 1858
knocked out all radio COM
munications for severa
hours within a radius OF
Evening star., 1961-12-16
Russian Raps
East Germany

TAMPA, Fla, DEC. IS tAP)
I'll Red govCrnm r.s Of East
6 rnany and Cuba have been
termed something less than
ideal i,y a Russian Embassy Of
ficlal.
Questioned at length by STU
dents of the University of South
Florida, Gennadi E. Piatakov,
a staff member of the Soviet
Embassy in Washington. said,
East Germany leaves much to
be desired as a satellite nation
and is not a good example of
Communist government"
Mr.. Piatakov went on to say,
There is no justification for
the killing of East German ref
ugees who try to 60 to the
West"
He told the students, how
ever. that many west Germans
are detecting to the Communist
East.
When questioned about Cuba
as a Russian satellite, Mr.. Pia-
takov said he is Not sure
whether or not it is a satel-
lite. 1t is far from Russia and
far from the Communist idea
He said maybe the Cubans
have tried to establish a Com
munist government. "They
know better than we do what
they are" he added.
Mr.. Piatakov was invited to
visit Florida by Plant City
School Principal James W.
Jordon, who said he had met
the Soviet official at a Ma
tional Education Association
meeting.
Evening star., 1961-12-16

gratulate them on the excel
lence of their choice"
The president of Lennen &
Newell is Adolph J. Toigo, who
lists himself in who's Who"
as a political adviser to the
Republican Party" in 1948. Mr..
Toigo was a political backer
of Harold E. StasSen, who ran
unsuccessfully for the G. o. P,
nomination for President in
1914, 1948 and 1852.
GAF is an "alien property
which was seized by the Gov
ernment during World War II
from prewar foreign owners
under the Trading With the
Enemy Act. 1t has operated
ever since under supervision of
the Attorney General, who
controls 81 per cent of the vot-
ing stock.
The company has assets
valued at $170,000,000 and en-
ploys more than 5000 workers
1t makes chemicals, dyes
cameras, film, Photographic
and reproduction equipment.
The chief executive officer
of GAF is John I. Snyder, jr.,
of New York. He became chair
man of the board September
%. He also is president of U. S
Industries, Inc, and serves or
the boards of a dozen other
corporations. He is a Demo-
crat and he helped raise funds
for the Kennedy for President
campaign last year.
Other Account Changes
Mr.. Snyder said that he does
not know Mr.. Billings person
ally, and that the friend of the
KennedyS does not service the
GAF account.
During most of the Eisen-
hover administration, Benton
& Bowles had the GAF account.
It was changed in October,
1860, to Reach, McClinton &
Co. During the Truman admin
iStration, GAF advertising was
handled through the Milton
Blow agency, now out of busi-
ness. Mr.. Snyder pointed out
that the switch from Reach,
McClinton to Lennen & Newell
occurred last spring before he
took over as board chairman.
He explained that the GAF
board approves the advertising
budget, but does not necessarily
select the advertising agency
He called that a management
function"
Evening star., 1961-12-16
Divorce Private,
Rockefeller Says

ALBANY, N. Y, Dec. 16 (AP)
Gov. Nelson A. Rockefeller
has refused to say whether his
impending divorce action was
begun by himself or his wife.
He said yesterday at a news
conference he would answer any
questions "in the public do
main"
When a reporter, describing
the question as political. asked
who had initiated divorce pro-
ceedings, Gov. Rockefeller said;
II told you I would answer
any questions in the public do
main. I don't consider that ir
the public domain"
Gov. Rockefeller has said he
does not believe the divorce
will have a bearing on his cam
paign for reelection next year
He has said that his record ir
.office-not his private life-is
of chief concern to voters.
Evening star., 1961-12-16

exodus of an estimated 100000
men, women and children
which nearly resulted in the
extinction of their race. Burn
ing their villages behind them,
they fled religious prosecution
(they were and still are chiefly
of the Buddhist faith) and
encroachment by agricultural
settlers (they were chiefly
herdsmen). Some historical &C
counts say they lost as many
as two thirds of their ranks
in the flight to their native
China. The frigid steppes and
burning deserts took their toll
along with attacks enroute
from hostile tribes.
In the goth century the
Kalmyks Cor Kalmucks as their
name is sometimes spelled)
fought against the Bolshevik
revolution, were granted their
own Autonomous Soviet So
cialist Republic" but under
communism found their Bud
dhist priests exiled, their
temples closed. In 1943. Stain
dissolved their republic and
ordered mass deportations Of
Kalmyks to Siberia.
Some Side with Germany
1--WE were caught between
two dictators-Stalin and Hit
ler." explained one of the dele
cation, a middle-aged man
who, like several others inter-
viewed. asked that his name
not be used in order to protect
relatives still in the Soviet
Union.
The Germans invaded their
republic promising them 1ree-'
dom, he said, so some Kalmyks
fought on the German side
against Russia. But then the
Germans started clamping
down and deporting the popula-
ton for slave labor. Stain,
in retaliation for the Kalmyk's
collaboration with the Ger
mans, began deporting the
former to Siberia once the Ger.
mans had been driven from
their territory.
On behalf of President Ken
nedy, Averell Hartman, Assist
ant Secretary of State for
Far Eastern Affairs, accepted
gifts from the delegation.
Evening star., 1961-12-16
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

President Kennedy zps through Latin America in three
days-so nobody could him of trying solve the
problem overnight.
Several credit card companies losing money Trouble
is their customers have become suspicious of cash. they
try to their credit card bills with credit cards.
Labor Secretary Arthur Goldberg federal subsidies
for the arts New Greenwich Village Art Arts
sake
Conservative bulletin: Moderates seized control of the
local John Birch Society chapter forced the radicals
and passed resolution vowng Chief Justice Warren
in the
Christmas card conversation we drop the
Slocums now, dear wait if they're enough
to drop frst?"
The Government launches big program of community
faout shelters Times change Even togethernes gone
underground.
Evening star., 1961-12-16
RALPH McGILL

President Kennedy, If ever
IN need Of a new prayer,
might consider, for emer-
gency days, the famous one
said in 1916 by Maj. Gen. Sir
Jacob Ashley at the Battle of
Edgehill during the wars Of
Cromwell and Charles I.
"Oh, Lord, Thou knowest
how busy I must be this day.
If 1 forget Thee, do not Thou
forget me. March on, boys"
The President of the
United States must one hour
concern himself with the fact
that American school youth
seems to be running out Of
muscles and health, and that
this is reflected in the physi-
cal impairment of men of
fighting age. The next is
likely to have him engaged
in studying whether or not
to have this Nation conduct
nuclear tests in space, giving
ear to the complaints of re-
servists called to duty, or
some problem of vanity and
temperament.
That the Presidency is the
most demanding office in the
governments of the world is
a we'll established fact. 1t is
very often what jefferson
termed it, "a splendid mis-
cry" But no item on the
agenda is as nettle-covered
as that of nuclear testing.
One fact may be estab-
lished as basic. If the Presi-
dent, who is the one person
who can make the decision,
determines on the basis of
evidence submitted to him
that the national security
requires such tests, we will
have them. But he will not
reach a decision lightly or
arbitrarily.
Evening star., 1961-12-16
A Prayer for a Busy President

about 200 miles perhaps
more.
The facts seem to be that
an attack by the much more
powerful nuclear explosives
of today, which really dwarf
those of 1858, would elm
mate all radio and radar COM
munication for a great many
hundred miles around any
point of central impact. This
would be true Of the Rus
sian territory as well as our
own.
Were the Soviets, perhaps,
testing some new communi-
cation equipment designed to
resist the incredible blasts
of the awesome productions
of 1861? 1t is difficult to be-
lieve there is any system
which could survive within
a few hundred miles of the
attack center. But tests
would reveal how far away
communications were de-
stroyed and for how long.
The military Strategists Of
both nations have, of course,
thought of these matters in
planning attacks - how to
knock out most, if not all
of a country's communi-
cations with two or three
well placed bombs of the So
or-more megaton type. We
may be sure that the So
viets are working to produce. ;.
for such purposes, bombs
which will be as dirty" as
possible. The more the fall
out, the more the interfer-
ence.
Then, of course, there is
the Wet Nam decision. The
government is corrupt and
inefficient. Yet, the area is
strategically vital.
Well may the President
pray, "Oh, Lord, Thou know
est how busy I must be this
day. If 1 forget Thee, do
not Thou forget me-"
Evening star., 1961-12-16
Reservists Set
To Sort Mail

Beginning Monday, the
Washington Post Office will
have up to 100 mail sorters it
doesn't have to pay for.
They are reservistS called up
for training because of the Ber-
lin crisis. Four Army Reserve
mail units, including one from
Cumberland, Md, and another
from Hagerstown. Md. have
completed general military
training at Fort Meade, Md,
and are now ready for on-the-
job training in their speciality
Their speciality is mail serv-
ice. big job in the service. The
three Army Postal Units will
get their training by working
in the Washington Post Office,
The fourth unit. a Base Post
Office unit, is scheduled to take
over work at Fort Meade.
Because most of the reserve
units are sponsored by their
local post offices, on-the-joh
training in a civilian post office
is not unusual.
But the Post Office Depart
ment said this will be the
first time the training has
come in Washington at such
an advantageous time.
Postmaster General Day
went out to inspect the units
at Fort Meade yesterday and
found them to have excellent
morale, a department spokes-
man said.
Mr.. Days assistant, James
F. Kelleher, said Mr.. Day ac-
cidently walked through ar
Army mess line on his visit
without paying the required
IS cents.
The mess sergeant didn't
think it right to yell at the
Postmaster General - maybe
that general part got him -
but he asked Mr.. Kelleher
about payment.
Mr.. Kelleher promptly called
Mr.. Day back to pay the 65
cents. II don't have an expense
account for entertainment" Mr.
Kelleher explained to reporters
later.
Evening star., 1961-12-16

thinned out, although many
continued to mill through the
streets.
In the evening, some 500
Southern University students
gathered on the campus and
filed a nearby Negro church to
hear speakers denounce action
by city police officials.
State, city and parish police
officers were dispatched to the
campus to prevent any recur-
renee of the demonstrations
and to see that traffic was not
interfered with.
The meeting broke up quietly
and the students returned to
the campus.
Evening star., 1961-12-16
OF Buddhist Faith
Production of Crops
I'd Highest on Record
BY the Associated Press


The Agriculture Department
reports total crop production
in 1861 was 2 per cent under
the record 1860 output, but ex-
ceeded all previous years.
Acreage reductions in major
crops. particularly in the feed
grains, prevented the 1861 to-
tai crop production from set
ting a record. This more thar
offset increases in oil and sugar
crops.
The departments annua,
summary yesterday said the
1861 season was marked by
sharp contrasts. But when the
end of season totals were
made, the combined effect o1
all factors pushed most per-
acre yields to record or near
record levels. The combined
per-acre yield was 2 per cent
above 1860.
Evening star., 1961-12-16

30 gN, Germany-Early ne
gCtiationS with the Soviet
Union at the foreign min
lister level to settle the Ber-
lin crisis and the German
situation" are unlikely in the
opinion of some of the high
est authorities in this capi-
tai of the Federal Republic.
The reason for the delay
is Gen. de Gaulle who, after
a good deal of probing has
told Chancellor Adenauer
that he sees no new element
to induce him to change his
position. Neither the discus
SionS between the German
chief of state and President
Kennedy in Washington nor
the conversations between
Prime Minister Macmillan
and Gen. de Gaulle have
brought out any new elements
to justify a reversal of Gen.
de Gaulle'S position.
According to sources clos
est to DR.. Adenauer, the
Washington conversations
were friendly and pleasant
but the two heads of state
found themselves in general
in the same position as be-
fore. Mr.. Kennedy and his
advisers informed the Chan
cellor of their immutable de-
cision to stand fast on the
rights of the Allied forces in
Berlin and also to preserve
without interference the
rights for free and unham-
pered access from West Ger
many to West Berlin by road,
river and air.
But after this was en-
phasized. Walt RostoW, new
chief of the State Depart
ment Policy Planning Board,
suggested that in order to
overcome whatever resistance
the Russians may offer to
the reStatement of tn e S e
rights in a new treaty, it
might be advisable to offer
them a carrot in the form
of a change, not of the status,
but of the Importance of
Berlin to the world. The sense
of the carrot would be the
creation of vast international
cultural centerS in the dis
puted city and the transfer
of such U. N. services as the
UNESCO to the former Ger
man capital.
OF course, it was added in
Evening star., 1961-12-16

agency between $225,000 anc
$250,000 a year in commissions
In addition General Aniline
spent $4,000 last year on ad.
vertising expenses, including
production costs, art work, ano
photo plates.
The agency official is K
Lemoyne Billings, vice presi'
dent of Lennen & Newell, Inc.
$50 Madison avenue, New
York. He has been a guest a
the White House. and a visitor
at the presidential retreats
at Palm Beach, Hyannis Port
and Middleburg.
In his biography of the Presi'
dent, James MacGregor Burns
said Les" Billings was Mr.
Kennedy's "best friend" wher
they were classmates at ChoatC
School in Connecticut. They
made a trip to Europe to.
gether in 1887.
Graduate of Princeton
The President appointed
Mr.. Billings to the board O.
trustees of the National Cul'
tural Center on September 19
He is a graduate Of Princeton
and Harvard Business School
The White House issued {
statement at the time of tn,
cultural center appointment
which said he was a Democra
who has been an active polit'
ical supporter of PreSiden
Kennedy since 1916"
The switch in the GAF ad-
vertising account occurred las
spring, when Attorney Genera
Robert F. Kennedy designated
a new board OF directors tt
take control of the Govern
ment-owned corporation from
the outgoing Eisenhower ad-
miniStration.
Reached by long distance
telephone in New York, Mr.
Billings said yesterday he hac
nothing to do" with the GAT
account. Another man handles
it with a big staff" he ex.
palined. Il introduced a few
people, that's ALL"
Asked for comment on the
situation, Attorney Genera
Kennedy said:
"Mr. Billin gs' connection
with the advertising firm ha!
been a matter of public knowl.
edge since last April. The selec
tion of the company was a de.
cision by management execu
tiveS of General Aniline. I con
Evening star., 1961-12-16
CONSTANTINE BROWN
sonn Observers Feel De GoulIe Stand
PrecIudes Negotiations by Ministers

the talks, this would mean
that the political ties between
the Federal Republic and Ber-
lin must be severed. Among
these political ties is the rep
resentation of West Berlin
by six duly elected represent
atives of the Bundestag.
These members do not have
voting rights in the West Ger
man parliament, but they are
the token representatives of
the unity between Berlin and
West German.
The Chancellor and his
aides pointed out at the
White House conference that
such a concession to the Rus
slams meant a change in the
constitution of the West
German republic which pro-
vides for political ties with
Berlin. Moreover. they said
the surrender of Berlin'S
token parliamentary rights
would have such a devastat-
ing effect on the German
public opinion that the newly
constituted coalition govern
ment could hardly survive.
The reply was that in all
negotiations there must be
give and take and that the
best chance we have to get
the Russians to agree to a
solemn declaration of the
Allied rights was such an
arrangement, as we'll as the
introduction of the United
Nations into the picture in
that strife ridden city. The
German Chancellor also
added that the German peo-
pie consider the eventual uni
ty of Germany a must. The
people realize that this can
not come now but sometime
in the future when interna-
tional conditions are ripe and
the Soviet Union could real
ize that a unified Germany
would not be against its in
terests. This will not happen
in the present decade, nor
even possibly in this century.
But it must always remain as
the ultimate goal of all Ger
mans, East and West alike.
1t was pointed out to Presi-
dent Kennedy and his ad-
viSers that after the German
French war Of 1870 when the
French lost AlSace Lorraine,
the French never gave up the
Evening star., 1961-12-16
Headlights Observe
Towns Sufety Mark

TRAIL, B. c., Dec. 16 (AP)
This town of 1880 was
frightened all day yesterday as
motorists drove around with
their headlights on in celebra-
ton.
Trail was celebrating the
completion of seven years with
out a traffic fatality-a record
for North American cities of
more than 10000 population
which is expected to be recog-
nized by the National Safety
Council on January /.