davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-09-13

I am a white home owner
in a Northwest section of the
District which has in recent
months experienced its first
integration by Negro families.
Since this occurred, other
white neighbors and I have
been pestered with increasing
frequency by calls from real
estate agencies who inquire
whether we want to sell our
homes, adding varying de-
grees of implications about
what is happening to the
neighborhood." I had such a
call from an agent who, under
questioning, admitted that
she called me specifically be-
cause the house next door has
been sold to a Negro family.
incidentally, the house was
sold only the day beforeD I
might add that two years ago,
when we were looking for a
house to buy, the same agency
refused to show us a house in
a mixed neighborhood after
we told them we were white.
Some of us approve of the
principle of integration and
welcome this development in
our neighborhood. Others who
may not approve at first
would certainly get used to
the idea if left alone to live
with the situation and their
new neighbors. Why must we
be subjected to such unprin-
cipled preSsureS?
Mrs. Norman L. Brown.
Evening star., 1961-09-13
Privileges of Rank?

With so many Reserve and
National Guard enlisted men
being readied for and called
to active duty, it seems time
ly for them to know of a re-
tirement law, now in exist
ence, which is highly dis
criminatory toward enlisted
people.
The law referred to allows
all officers retiring with 20
years Of active duty to count
all. additional Reserve and
National Guard inactive serv-
ice just as If it were active in
computing retired pay while
excluding all credit, of all
kind, towards retirement for
the same service performed
by enlisted personnel. y
This injustice is present
at just about all monthly re-
tirement cerem onie -no
matter where held-and is
probably the greatest morale
. destroyer now existing among
active duty and retired re-
Servists and National Guards
men.
There are several bills be-
fore Congress to correct the
discrimination and it is hoped
by all those feeling the brunt
of the unfairneSs that some
thing will be done before ad-
journment.
Retired Enlisted Man
Evening star., 1961-09-13
Khrushchev's Answer

The Soviet Unions seventh nuclear
teSt-thiS time of multi -megaton de-
welcomes as a harsh and ironic COM
mentary on the peace mission" of the
SpokeSmen for the nonaligned nations
Prime Minister Nehru of India and
Ghana'S President Nkrumah had Just
completed their mission to Moscow when
the massive explosion was set off at the
Kremlin'S Arctic proving ground. Pres
identS Sukarno of IndoneSia and Keita
OF Mali were just arriving in Wash
ington.
These four emiSsarieS from the
recent Belgrade conference were dis
patched to Moscow and Washington
bearing an even handed appeal that
the United States Of America and the
USSR should Immediately suspend
their recent war preparations and ap-
proaches, take no steps that would
aggravate or contribute to further
deterioration in the situation, and re-
sumo negotiation for peaceful settle
,ment of any outstanding differences
between them" Now they have Mr..
KhruShchev'S anSwer-the seventh blast
in series of tests begun even as the
nonaligned nations were meeting in
Belgrade.
How shall we respond? Certainly
our answer cannot take the form of
an acceptance of the naive, if that is
the right word, approach of the neu-
trails. On arriving in Washington, Mr..
Sukarno said that he and his fellow
emissaries spoke for 750,000,000 people.
These nonaligned leaders seem to think
that they and their people can look
the other way as the momentouS
struggle for survival shapes up between
the free world and the Communist des-
pots. Actually, their actions at Belgrade
were Slanted in behalf of the Commu-
mist view and against the West. But
even if they should assume a posture
of literal neutrality, and should pretend
to moral justification for it, we cannot
stand with them.
The multi megaton shot which
blasted into the Arctic skies yesterday
gives the lie to any notion of nonalign-
ment and contemptuouSly diSmiSseS the
claims of those who preach this doctrine.
If the neutralS in this grave moment
in history wish to stand aside, that is
their affair. But the United States has
higher eSponSibility-a positive duty
to look to our own survival as Mr.
Khrushchev brazenly marches on to-
ward his openly proclaimed goal of world
domination. We hope that President
Kennedy has made this point entirely
clear to his visitors from Indonesfa
and Mali
Evening star., 1961-09-13

host and guide to visitors once they get
here-has increased commensurately,
neceSSitating fund drive to raise a
minimum of $250,OOO. Thus far, con-
tributions from the business community
have produced only 100000.
From a purely mercenary point Of
view, this is money well invested, money
which is returned many times over in
the funds spent in Washington by
visitors (last year, an estimated $375
million). In larger sense, the work of
the bureau constitutes an essential
service to countless individuals and
organizations throughout the country
who are yet to visit the Nations Capital
We hope that both these facts will be
borne in mind by businessmen who have
not yet contributed to the campaign,
and that the goal quickly will be reached.
Evening star., 1961-09-13
Good SALVAGE Job

Your editorial, Good Sal
wage Job" was a timely and
logical followup to the ar
ticle by Robert K. Walsh.
Hard to Pin Blame in School
Bills Death" At least a few
members of Congress must
agree with President Ken
nedy's feeling that Everybody
favors aid to education but it
is difficult to get a majority
to agree on a particular bill"
The school bills major de-
featS-so I've heard-came in
the House, which often seems
even more peculiarly sensitive
than the Senate. to the will of
its constituency. This might
contain a hint that the citi-
zens of this Nation, despite
the lure of more free Fed
eral money. may yet be less
than overwhelmingly enthu-
siastic about rushing pell-
nell into welfare-statiSm.
Gilbert ]. BrOckman
Evening star., 1961-09-13
Capital Visitors

The continuing development of
Washington as convention city as we'll
as mecca for tourists is nothing less
than phenomenal About million visi-
tors poured into the Capital last year,
among them countless groups of school
children. During the current fiscal
year, some 43O conventions will be held
here-making Washington the third
largest convention city in the Nation.
In view of this growth, it is only natural
that the burden on the Board of Trades
Convention and Visitors Bureau to pro-
mote these activitieS-and to act as
Evening star., 1961-09-13
Which Way Brazil?

Brazil appears to have crossed the
threshold of political crisis today but
with reasonable doubts remaining about
its direction and prospects for the future.
1t has, first of all, averted civil war
and has, baSically, preserved it's consti-
tutional form of government. In doing
so, however, it has both improviSed and
compromised. It has accepted hastily
drafted constitutional amendments by
which presidential authority has been
sharply reduced and a parliamentary
system has been substituted. Joao Goul-
art, wealthy leftiSt Labor Party vice
president in the administration of de-
parted President Janio Quadros, has
been sworn in as chief executive with
curtailed powers and has, in turn, as
Sembled coalition government under
the premiership of Tancredo Neves,
variouSly described as a socialist, mod
crate and conservative banker of the
Social Democratic Party.
AS the largest party in Congress,
on which the life of the new government
will depend on almost a day-to-day
basis, the Social Democrats hold a
majority of positions in the new cabinet
Of interest, however is the fact that
two key posts, Finance and Foreign At
fairs, have been given to ministers who
are believed committed to the policies
of Mr.. QuadroS, generally considered as
constructive in the economic field and
as somewhat quixotic in the area of
foreign affairs. Replaced in the cabinet,
but only after they had forced through
the constitutional changes, were the
military ministers who had opposed Mr..
Goulart.
1t would be rash, and perhaps
preSumptuouS, at this point to predict
how new system of government and
new people in authority will work out
in Brazil. What has happened in recent
weeks has been deeply convulsive, but
it is tribute to many in all fractions
of the political spectrum that it has
happened without bloodShed. Those who
are now vested with authority are talk
ing in words of moderation and of tull
awarenesS of the profound problems
they face in strengthening their coun-
try's domestic economy and preserving
its position as real leader in the South
American community. They are deServ-
ing at this moment of understanding
and best wishes.
Evening star., 1961-09-13
Gallant Bus Driver

I would like to express my
thanks to D. C.. Transit Bus
Driver c. B. Abel who made
September 6 special for some
of his women passengers.
Upon boarding his vehicle,
the S-1 Potomac Park bus,
that morning, each woman
received a lovely red rose
from Mr.. Abel. There was
no gimmick involved, and the
only explanation offered was
a sign in full view of the
riders that read. These are
for my wife" Behind this
sign was a large bouquet of
bright red rose buds. How
lucky Mrs. Abel is to have
a husband who buys flowers
not only for her, but for his
passengers as well!
It's no exaggeration to say
that each of Mr.. Abell's
red blossoms brought an un-
expected happiness into the
lives of many ladies on the
bus.
Veda Ann Tudor.
Evening star., 1961-09-13
Nehru's Neutrality

India's Prime Minister con-
tributed little toward the
progress Of peace when he
issued the statement "Nehru
Fears Foul Winds of War"
Released to the press in
Moscow after his meeting
with Premier Khrushchev.
this classic is just about the
maximum the crafty Nikita
could have wished for. The
Russian Premier, who has a
knack for getting others to
do his bidding, may yet gain
his objective in Berlin and
elsewhere, if he continues to
receive the support from the
So-called neutrals who are
inclined to lean left just a
little.
Prime Minister Nehru, who
swings back and forth like
a pendulum, knows better
than most of lis that no mat
ter what else we think of
N. K, he's no fool and does
not want to get involved in
a nuclear war, where not
even the victor is assured
life, much less the reign or
control of whatever is left.
The only thing Nehru ac-
complished by his statement
was to strengthen RuSSia's
position and further compli-
cate ours.
Herbert SOmmers.
Evening star., 1961-09-13
DEALING With Reds

1t is with much concern
that I read of suspending
negotiations between our
selves and the Soviet Union
on the Berlin situation.
The dictionary defines me
gotiation" as bargaining"
which in turn is defined as
"an advantageous trade"
Therefore, to negotiate"
would be to put the rights
of these people in the same
class as corn or cotton. In
other words, human rights
are sold for a solution" to
the problem as though man
has the right to buy and sell
God-given rights.
How far are we going to
stray from the principles up
on which the country was
founded?
John c. Kelly
Evening star., 1961-09-13
FideI and the Catholics

Fidel CaStro'S Kremlin- serving die
tatorShip has reacted with character
istic viciouSneSS to the demonstration
just staged against it in Havana by
several thousand Roman Catholics =
men. women and children-takin part
in religious procession that has long
been a traditional feature of Cuban life
The roceSSion-honoring Our Lady
of Charity, regarded by Cuba'S over
whelmingly Catholic population as the
country'S chief spiritual patronesS-had
been derided and declared Illegal in
advance by some of the Castro regimes
noiSieSt and most noxious Spokesmen.
AS result, when the event took place,
tension was high, and some of Fidel's
"militiamen" started shooting at the
participants, repeatedly killing at least
one, and wounding dozens of others.
Apparently this latest example of
the tragic and evil nature of CaStroism
must be attributed to the fact that some
of FidelS mobSters-who have been
indoctrinated with the virulent idea
that any criticism of the SovietS is
"counter-revolutionar and therefore
thing to be SmaShed-felt justified in
using guns and clubs to cope with the
situation. After all, the proceSSionistS
had persisted in shouting "Cuba 81,
Russia no." and Long live Jesus Christ"
In the circumstances, it is not
surprising that the CaStroite bully-boys
(whoSe mental capacity probably leaves
much to be deSired) swung into action
as they did. Dictator Fidel, however,
although he purportS to be Catholic
himself, has not apologized for their
atrociouS violence. On the contrary, his
Sleazy little Red tyranny has condemned
the religious minded marchers for
having had the temerity to cry out
against atheiStic communism as a
liberty destroying thing poisonous to
the mind and spirit of men everywhere.
Indeed, turning the truth upside
down in typical Red totalitarian fashion,
the Havana dictatorship has issued a
special "communique" accusing Cuba's
Catholic nuns, priests and bishops of
plotting against Doctor" Castro in an
around-the-clock effort to overthrow
and destroy him. To that end, according
to the accusation, even the good sisters
appear to have been conSpiring with
the help of their primary-grade pupils
to hide guns in church and school base
mentS in preparation for counter
revolutionary" action against Fidel.
There seems to be note of slightly
desperate Shrillness in all of this, as if
the Castro deSpotism were beginning
to feel real opposition from the rank
and file in Cuba. In any event, the
people of the country are predominantly
Catholic, and that is fact that may yet
be Fidel's undoing as he ties himself
tighter and tighter to the Kremlin and
goddess communism.
Evening star., 1961-09-13
Steel Intervention

Intervention in the affairs
of private industry has up
until now been played down,
qualified and even denied by
the liberal elements in our
Government. Now, however,
President Kennedy has obvi-
ouSly decided to put the cards
on the table.
Throwing political caution
(and per haps intellectual
honestly to the winds, he has
asked the major steel manu-
facturers to absorb an ex-
pected wage increase with
out raising steel prices.
Certainly no one favors a
rise in prices if at all avoid
able, but when union leaders
demand and receive increased
wages, how can the industry
help but increase prices?
Furthermore, with the i'm
piled backing of the PreSi-
dent of the United States,
what reason have we to be-
lieve that the unions will
even go half way with indus
try at the bargaining table?
The main question in point,
however, is the justification
for this presidential action.
Continued measures of this
kind can only further
strangle our system of free
enterprise and to carry out
these threats could we'll serve
as the coup de grace to capi-
talism itself.
Richard d. Vail
Evening star., 1961-09-13
Aid for Aged

An issue which perSiStently
refuses to be pushed into the
background is the Forand
principle of providing medi-
cal, hospital and nursing
home care for the aging
through Social Security. The
overwhelming majority of
the II million senior citizens
of America over IS want this
sort of legislation and are
determined to get it.
New senior citizen groups
are coming into existence all
over the country. Countless
letters and petitions are be-
ing received by members of
Congress from their constitu-
entS back home. Doctors in
increasing numbers insist
that the ANA is not speak
ing for them. Radio tapes
and films supporting the So
cial Security approach are
circulating in many States.
The theme of all this activ-
ity is simply this: We want
health care benefits, as a
matter of right, through the
Social Security system.
The ANA can extol the
virtues of the Kerr-Mills Law
but it's not going to convince
the oldtimers that it's good
for them. To them it means
a loss of dignity and humili-
alton to have to take the
pauper's oath. Yet this is a
precondition to the medically
indigent's receiving assistance
under Kerr-MillS. How any
man of medicine, with any
compassion for his fellow
man, can support the Kerr
Mills approach, with its pres
ent odious means test, is
incredible.
For a year I have been
showing the film Cast Me
Not Off" before senior citi-
zen groups throughout New
Jersey under sponsorship of
different religious groups,
fraternal organizations, busi-
ness mems associations, labor
unions, housing develop
ments and community golden
age centers, and almost with
out exception, the response
has been the same. The film,
Evening star., 1961-09-13
Defense Preparations

Congress and the executive
have finally begun to think
realistically about civil de-
fense. Lovers of peace are
coming to realize that an
effective civil defense would
greatly reduce the risks of
nuclear war, and even of
large-scale conventional war.
Military analysts know that
a nuclear striking power we
dare not use has no deter
rent value.
The District plans to give
all employees a 12-hour civil
defense training course. Let
us hope this is done as quickly
as the supply of instructors
permits. The District is de-
veloping strategic and tao
tical evacuation plans, and
appropriate warning systems.
Let us hope that rough plans
are made forthwith; that
every metropolitan resident is
informed of the two types of
evacuation, their appropriate
warnings, and of the actions
to be taken. This can be
done through the local press,
and through the schools.
May there be no delay in
marking evacuation routes
and areas of destination and
in informing the people. Ac-
ton can start at once in
identifying all installations
beyond the metropolitan peri
meter: Mines, caves, military
camps, industrial plants
suitable as centers of supply,
communications, and poten-
tial fallout shelters. By the
time frost comes, we should
be sufficiently advanced in
Identification and stocking
makeshift fallout shelters to
offer haven for most of
the Washington population.
Then strategic evacuation will
be less a desperate aimless
Diaspora, and more a pointed
warning against aggressive
miscalculations.
The choice between risk of
war and a Carthagenian
peace could come at any
time. We can avoid this
choice, and promote peace
with freedom, by acting now.
Refusal to think about the
greatest problem of our time
is a retreat from reason, if not
from sanity.
Evening star., 1961-09-13
THE PASSING SCENE
Rockefeller Gets Head Stort
BY WILLIAM S. WHITE

Nixon's side to turn the bal
ance.
Thus, he has taken two ma
tional steps of the greatest
significance, though they
have been largely lost to pub
lie attention because of the
Berlin crisis and other for
eign issues.
First, he reversed his field
in the recent fight over PreSi-
dent Kennedy's request for
long-term financing author
ity in the foreign aid pro-
gram. The original Rockefel-
Ter statement was universally
interpreted here as favoring
the Kennedy plan. The con-
servative, regular Republicans
were outraged; and said as
much in loud tones. The
Governor then came in with
another message which in
substance took their side, and
not Mr.. Kennedy's.
Private Get-TOgethers
Now, he has followed up
with the first of what are to
be many private get-togeth-
ers with the Republican lead
erS of CongreSS-with whom
Mr.. Nixon, up to now, has
had incomparably the inside
track. This introduction of
Gov. Rockefeller into the
conservative COP. leader
ship club of Congress was
arranged in a luncheon the
other day with Senator Dirk.
sen of Illinois, the Republi-
can Senate leader, and Rep
reSenative Halleck of Indi-
ana. the Republican House
leader.
Sen. Dirksen and Mr.. Hal
leck are the very symbols of
that Midwestern Republi-
caniSm which has been much
less than friendly to Gov.
Rockefeller. The fact they
are willing to enter this new
and intimate association with
the Governor is not the
smallest measure of his re-
cent progress.
And, ironically, it has been
handed to him most of all
by Democrats themselves.
For the reformers in New
York-Mrs. Eleanor Roose-
welt, Herbert Lehman and
others-have overlooked some
big points. The Democrats
can rarely succeed nationally
without carrying New York.
And they cannot even expect
to carry New York in 1864
without organization; GER
tainly not against a Rookie
feller presidential candidacy.
No sensible organization now
exists, or is likely to even by
1864. 1t is one thing to break
up an organization; it is an
other to replace it. And it is
painfully obvious, even to his
supporters, that Mr.. Wagner
hasn't got what it takes to
do it.
Evening star., 1961-09-13
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Atlas of GoIoxies HubbIe's legacy
By THOMAS R. HENRY

Man lives on one planet Of
one star of about Q billion
stars which constitute one
galaxy of at least l billion
similar galaxies in creation
the so-called island uni
verses. The stars in a galaxy
are billions of miles apart.
The galaxies themselves are
quadrillions of miles apart.
They are separated by the
vast expanseS of almost COM
pletely empty space.
The concept of this hither-
to unimaginable vastness of
creation - and the minute
ness of humanity's place in
it-now is generally accepted
by astronomers everywhere.
1t is due largely to the OBJ
servational work of the late
DR.. Edwin Hubble, aStron-
omer of the Carnegie Institu-
ton of Washington. He was
able, by means of variable
stars, to determine the dis
tances of faint white nebular
patches in the heavens. This
indicated clearly that they
could not be members of the
Milky Way galaxy, but were
separate galaxies in their
own right.
Great Discovery
This is one of the great
perhaps the greatest - dis
covery in the history of
astronomy. Both it's practical
and philosophical implica-
tions were enormous. DR..
Hubble died while his find
ingS still were subject to
some controversy.
There is no certain evi-
dence that life exists-that
there are men and butterflies
and grass and forests and
flowers-anywhere but on this
900, 900, 900, 900, ,000th
fragment of the overwhelm-
ing whole. That no man
knows and no man ever will.
Some day man may go to
other planets of the, micro
scopic solar system. He never
will go to another star, to
say nothing of another uni
verse.
DR.. Hubble Disseminated
at least eighth types of these,
galaxies, differing somewhat
in shape, size and nature of
component stars. His obser-
vations, and those of astron-
omers who have followed,
have been widely dispersed in
highly technical publications
all over the world. Now they
have been brought together
in an elaborate Hubble Atlas
of Galaxies just published by
the Carnegie Institution. 1t
we'll may be one of the most
significant of all publica-
tions of this atomic age -
perhaps the most important
Of all in it's effect on mans
stumbling PHILOSOPHERS of life
and its place in the enormous
altogetherness of this parti-
cular episode of creation
perhaps only one of several
such few billion year epi-
sodes. For universes are born
and die and the allness
ch anges and there is no
bounding of time that is past
Evening star., 1961-09-13
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used u
letters carry 1DriterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
terS are subject to condensd-
tion. Those not used t0fH be
returned only when accom-
panied By self addressed,
stamped envelopes.