davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-07-22
BROWN
Crucial Events Behind the Iron Curtain
Seen Possible if the West Holds Tight

All this has hurt the Tyro-
lese themselves more than
the italian government. It is
unlikely that the practical
residents of the province
would do anything to affect
their own prosperity. This
consideration. added to the
fact that the missiles and
methods are the same as used
in France and North Africa,
points to the real origin of
the trouble: the Soviet ma
chinations to soften up Eu-
rope on the eve of Nikita
Khrushchev's greatest gam
ble-the imposition of his
own solution on Berlin.
The question paramount
with most European leaders
is whether the present terror
iStic tactics, maSterminded
by the Kremlin, will affect
the determination of West
ern Europeans to stand fast
against the renewed Red men
ace. 1t is agreed by everybody
with competence in this mat
ter that both sides are fac
ing a real showdown. The So
Wet hierarchy. with a re-
portedly troubled internal
situation and with a grow
ing, grumbling and discon-
tented East German popula-
ton. feels it must force the
Western powers to knuckle
under. On the other hand, if
We hold firm, there is no say
ing what may happen behind
the Iron Curtain in the
months to come.
Hunger. it has been said by
politicians who urge Amer
lean giveaways, make people
communistic. The reverse is
even more true; hunger can
make Communists, under
certain conditions, opposed to
their tyrannical regime. The
certain conditions, oppose
obvious challenge to the free
world.
Evening star., 1961-07-22
Mayor Is Named
In New Orleans

NEW ORLEANS, July %
(AP). Victor H. Schiro, a
member of the city council for
IL years, became Mayor of New
orleans Thursday, succeeding
the resigned deLesseps Morri-
son, the Nations new Ambas-
sador to the Organization of
American States.
The city council voted unani-
mously for Mr.. Schiro to fill
Mr.. Morrison's unexpired term,
which ends in May, 1862. Mr..
Morrison resigned in a letter
Sunday night and took the
oath as Ambassador in Wash
ington Monday.
The city charter required
the council to choose between
Mr.. Schiro and the other coun-
Gilman at large, James A.
Comiskey. Mr.. Schiro had been
considered q certain choice
since he was affiliated with Mr..
Morrison's Crescent City Dem
ocratic Association.
Mr.. Comiskey, elected last
January. ran with the sup
port of the regular Democratic
organization.
Evening star., 1961-07-22
PurIey Holds Up
Rise in Jopon's
Textile Exports

GENEVA, July % (AP).-
An international textile con-
ference agreed yesterday to
halt for one year any increase
of low-labor-cost cotton goods
from Japan and Hong Kong
into the tariff-free markets of
the United States and Britain.
The 17-nation conference
also announced that countries
now limiting cotton textile i'm
ports from the Far East had
agreed to make some increases
in their quotas by January /.
Both measures would help
take pressure off the United
States market which has been
hit seriously by an unlimited
inflow of low-priced Japanese
and Hong Kong textiles.
Under the agreement worked
out in five days of closed-door
sessions here, countries whose
markets have been hit by the
tariff-free imports may call
upon exporting countries to
freeze their shipments at the
level of the past IL months.
George w. Ball, United States
Undersecretary of State for
Economic Affairs, said the
emergency export freezing plan
was a short-term solution effec-
tive from october l to Septem-
ber 80, 1862.
The conference agreed to
name a special commission to
try to work out a long-term
answer to the problem by next
April 80.
Evening star., 1961-07-22

program had even forgotten
how to write her name.
Mr.. Marshall, a professor at
the Norfolk division of Virginia
State College, appeared before
the board in his capacity as
president of the Virginia
Teachers Association to urge
that the board use all its in
fluence TO reopen the Prince
Edward schools.
In addition to the repression
OF the children, he said, the two
years Of locked school doors has
caused many Negro parents to
lose any interest in an educa-
tion for their children.
Result of IntegratiOn Attempt
The county's public schools
were close din 1859 to prevent
Federal court-ordered integra-
ton. Since that time, the coun-
tvs approximately 1,400 white
pupils have been enrolled in a
system of private white schools
but the 1,700 Negro school-age
pupils in the main have been
without schooling of any kind.
The county's white citizens have
offered to establish schools for
the Negroes but the latter have
refused on advice Of the Ma
tional Association for the Ad-
vancement of Colored People.
Mr.. MarShall's association, a
Statewide organization of Ne
gro educators, embarked this
summer on a short "crash re-
medal program" to provide
some instruction for the about
400 Negroes who enrolled.
After Mr.. Marshall completed
his presentation, William J.
Evening star., 1961-07-22

of this we might look into the
whole area and see If we can
improve"
The corps was asked yester-
day to comment on reports that
some manufacturers were
complaining that they received
much less money than dealers
who ordered fabric from them
and then directed 1t be shipped
directly to the corps.
A spokesman said this was
not unusual in doing business
with the textile industry and
both the spokesman and Gen.
Hardy insisted that the corps
followed procedures outlined by
the Defense Department.
The specific query was on
bids for fabric used in fatigue
uniformS-advertiSed May "a
and opened June 10. For the
fabric it purchased, the corps
paid a total of $8,258,595 at
prices ranging from 581a to
871a cents a yard. Had it all
been purchased at 581a cents a
yard, the total cost would have
been $7.317,3 300 difference of
$941, ,295.
The firm offering to sell for
581a cents did so on only 500,-
900 yards, however. The COM
pany, West Point Manufactur-
ing of New York City, also sub
mitted bids of 1895 cents for
100000 yards more and .6075
cents for another 100000 yards.
All three were accepted, be-
cause, Gen. Harvey said, the
cloth was needed at the time.
He added:
II imagine If the cloth weren't
required we would have cam
celed the bids and reopened
them. But I doubt if they
would have been much differ
ent.
"As a result Of this we might
Evening star., 1961-07-22
BROWN
Berlin a Free-WorId Challenge

Since the end of World
War II, the West has been
yielding too easily to the
caprices and demands Of the
Kremlin. What the subjects
of the Red czars have been
lacking in food and clothing
has been compensated for
by the tickling of their ma
tionai pride; they have will
ingly tightened their belts
because they have been
shown unexpected spectacu-
lar victories for which they
were not called upUn to spill
one drop of bood.
The last Is years of Rus
sian victories are reminiscent
of the 1933-39 period Of
nazism in Germany when the
slogan was Cannon instead
of butter" It was the great
bloodless victories Of Adolf
Hitler over the democratic
West, more than his Ges-
tapo, which made him the
absolute supreme ruler of IS
million Germans. The Rus
slams, too, are being told
every day by their highly
successful government that
they will take over not only
Europe but the rich and
mighty America.
But should Mr.. Khru-
shchev be compelled by a
strong stand of the free West
to yield on Berlin. should he
be unable to push the West,
there is no saying what may
happen behind the Iron Cur
tain.
Thus, in Western chancel-
lories. in talks with politi-
clans of a variety of nuances,
and even in talks with John
@. Citizens in trattorias, or
bistros. the question asked of
Americans is: will Wash
ington remain as Steadfast
as it gives the impression of
being?" It is realized by all
diplomats, politicians and
ordinary citizens-that un-
less America is willing to
face the music, the strong
stand of Western Europe will
be useless.
Evening star., 1961-07-22
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

Ode to swift space shot communications: Up the blue
and into the drink went Virgil Grssom who did sink
His clothes he dried and hair he combed-but not before
Jack Kennedy phoned.
Republicans glad the aid to- education bill is dead
After what happened last fall they figure last thing
this country needs is more people who read books.
Astronaut Grssom landed safely at sea- but his capsule
sank UndeSecretary of State Chester Bowles sure
he thinks the thing just happened to HMM
O. Will the Peace Corps live under primitive conditions?
A. Decidedly The way things going most of them will
living in fox-hoes with ratons.
Life story Of the astronauts: Wait wait wait
weightless.
Tired of all the TV shows that take place the roaring
20 they've Matched that takes place in the tagging 30
Title: The Not-Muchables
Evening star., 1961-07-22

Story, acting president of the
board. said the board would
give careful consideration" to
his plea.
Earlier. the Virginia Educa-
ton Association urged the State
board to enforce its teacher
certification requirements so
that Virginia's classrooms are
stated by degree-holding teach
ers.
DR.. Robert F. williams, ex-
ecutive secretary of the organi-
zation of white educators,
said the State has had high
standards for teachers since
1912 but these standards are
not enforced.
AS a result, the said, many
teachers in Virginia have no
more than a high school di-
ploma.
Cites Possible Case
Mr.. Williams said it is pos
sible for a person to get a
teaching Job in a Virginia pub
lie school with only a high
school diploma and then take
70 years to get a college degree
This would make her about
89 years old when she got her
degree, and we feel that is a
little late" the YEA official
declared.
Mr.. Williams and other lead
ers in the YEA called on the
State board to point out some
of the recommendations of the
teachers organization.
Cites Funds Inequity
Mr.. Williams told the board
the YEA was concerned that
in 100 years of public education
in Virginia we have never been
able to work out an equitable
method of distributing State
school funds"
Because of this, he said, some
areas of the State have high
paid teachers and good school
systems and other areas are
"educationally depressed"
For instance, he said, a
teacher in the lowest paid
school division will get $4,000
a year starting salary and a
teacher in the highest paid di-
vision will get $4,700.
Mr.. Williams said that in
1859 Al per cent of all persons
who entered the teaching pro-
fession in Virginia went into
nine school divisions, all high
paying divisions.
Evening star., 1961-07-22
Firm Appeals
Court Ruling
On Seniority
By the Associated Press

A Supreme Court challenge
was filed yesterday against a
lower court ruling that a work.
er's seniority rights are not
automatically killed by the per-
manent shutdown of a factory.
The Glidden Co. asked the
court to review such a decision
by the United States Court of
Appeals at New York.
The Appeals Court ruled
March % that employees whose
jobs were terminated by the
handonment of a Glidden
plant at Elmhurst, Long Island,
were entitled to jobs, with
seniority rights intact, at the
company'S new plant at Beth
lehem, Pa.
Decision Reversed
This ruling by the Appeals
Court reversed a decision by a
United States District Court for
Southern New York.
Glidden's Durkee mou S
Foods Division operated the
plant at Elkhurst, producing
coconut products, spices and
condiments, from 1929 until
1857. when it shifted this op-
Grafton to Bethlehem.
TeamSterS Union Local 852
accused the company of violat-
ing a contract with the union
by not offering the Elmhurst
workers jobs with continued
seniority rights at the new
plant.
The company told the Su-
preme Court the District Court
was right in dismiSsing the
union complaint. 1t said re-
versal by the Appeals Court
conflicted with decisions in SIM
liar cases by other United States
Courts of Appeals.
Error Charged
The company also said Judge
J. Warren Madden, who wrote
the 81 Appeals Court opinion,
enormously assumed" that the
Elmhurst workers were Laid
off" and therefore retained
seniority rights.
Employment in fact was
permanently terminated" Gid
den attorneys said.
The company also challenged
Judge Madden's participation
in the case on grounds that he
was a member of the United
States Court of Claims at the
time he was designated to sit as
a member of the appellate
court.
Evening star., 1961-07-22
U. S. Charges 5
Bakery Firms
With Bid Fixing
BY the Associated Press


The Justice Department yes
terday sued five large bakery
firms for double damages and
forfeitures because of alleged
rigged bidding on sales of bread
and rolls to naval installations
in Florida and Georgia.
Department officials declined
to estimate the amount in
volved.
Attorney General Robert F.
Kennedy. who brought the ac-
tion in the Federal District
Court at Jacksonville, Fla, yes
terday said the court was asked
also to enjoin the defendants
from participating in any future
price-fixing conspiracy.
On April II, the five COM
panies pleaded mo contest" to
criminal indictments in con-
nection with the alleged price
rigging, and along with two
other bakery concerns charged
with fixing prices for grocery
store outlets paid fines totaling
$45,000.
The new action was brought
under a statute which prohibits
the filling of false claims
against the Government. That
law also provides for a $4,000
forfeiture for each violation o1
the act in addition to double
damages.
The damage action was filed
against Ward Baking Co. oi
New York City; American Bak-
cries Co. of Chicago; Derst
Baking Co. of Savannah, Ga,
Flowers Baking Co. of Thomas.
vile, Ga; and Southern Bak'
cries Co. of Atlanta, Ga.
Evening star., 1961-07-22

of the public against initiation
is as phony as the day is long"
Mr.. Matthews declared, the
truth is that Chrysler is in
cahoots with General Motors
and Ford in taking an active
part in the inflation-causing
administered price policy that
is geared to soak the consumers
and keep up a spiral of higher
and higher prices"
"Mr. Leary," Mr.. Matthews
said, seems content in his
statement to play with the same
bag of propaganda previously
blown up by General Motors
and Ford"
With the spotlight on Chrys-
Ter, UAW negotiators settled
down yesterday to bargaining
on specific contract matters at
General Motors and Ford.
The ChrySler talks were re-
ceSsed until Tuesday when the
company says it will offer some
proposals of its own. Bargain
ing at GIN. and Ford will re-
sumo Monday.
Evening star., 1961-07-22
|ntercity Buses Oppose
Integrotion by ICC

The National Association of
Motor Bus Owners, speaking
for the intercity operators, told
the commission yesterday:
"NAMBO questions the neces-
sity and propriety of the regu-
lations proposed by the Attor-
ney General. The regulations
will impose numerous obliga-
tions upon the members of
NAMBO which would have a
confusing and adverse effect
upon their operations"
The Greyhound Corp. of
Chicago, largest Of the inter-
city operators, advised the
commission its buses were Or
dered desegregated several
years ago and that a further
directive in January Of this
year to employees desegregated
terminal facilities.
However, the company said
it believes existing law pro-
vided ample remedies" for any
traveller who encounters seq
regation. Greyhound said that
If new action is required, 1t
should be considered by Con-
gress rather than the Com
mission.
Evening star., 1961-07-22
Tornodoes, Rain
Spread Damage
In Several Stdtes
BY the Associated Press

Showers spattered many Sec
tions of the Nation today after
an evening of wild midwestern
weather brought widespread
damage in several States.
Numerous funnel clouds
snaked across Illinois, Indiana.
and Missouri, damaging houses
and barns, ripping up trees,
downing power lines and ruin
ing crops. No deaths, but a
few minor injuries, were re-
ported.
What appeared to be a tor
nado roared across a farm near
Mineral, H., knocking down
part of a barn and shed and
leaving a corn field "as # a
roller had gone over it," as a
neighbor described the damage.
One twister touched down
twice in Warren County, Ind,
damaging a house and three
barns. Another destroyed a
house near Cloverdale. but the
occupants escaped injury.
Heavy winds and rain whipped
st. Louis and two women were
cut and bruised when the wind
shattered a plate glass store
window.
In another outbreak of tur-
bulence. a tornado caused
slight damage when it skipped
into the outskirts of Wichita
Falls, Tex, during a heavy
rain. Cloudbursts sent water
running into scores of homes
at Midland. Farm fields were
flooded and highways closed
as nearly 8 inches of rain
drenched Northern Texas.
Evening star., 1961-07-22

Motors and Ford had earlier
in current negotiations. Chrys-
Ter described the UAW's bar
gaining goals as the biggest
package ever.
The UAW completed presen-
tation of a long series of pro-
posals at Chrysler with a de-
mand for keeping and improv-
ing the wage formula in present
contracts. This gives auto
workers an annual wage in
crease of 6 cents an hour and
ties wages to the Governments
cost-of- living index.
Overall Program
The JAWS overall program
includes an unSpecified wage
increase, salaries for hourly
workers, reduced work time
such as q shorter work week,
elimination of overtime in
periods of unemployment, and
expanded fringe benefits.
Sizing up the whole pack
age, Chrysler'S vice president
for personnel, John D. Leary,
declared, 1T is unreasonable
to ask Chrysler Corp. to accept
any such inflationary proposals
and demands"
He said the union proposals
taken at face value, make UP
the biggest money demand ever
asked for, and would appear
to be the most inflationary set
of proposals ever laid before
the company since the negotia-
tion of the first Chrysler-UAW
agreement in 1887"
Propaganda Charged
UAW Vice President Norman
Matthews, who heads the
unions Chrysler Department,
angrily replied, This corpora
tion'S position as a protector
Evening star., 1961-07-22
BY the Associated Press

A major segment of the
intercity bus industry has filed
objections to a proposed Inter-
state Commerce Commission
order to ban racial segregation
on interstate buses and terni-
mails.
Also opposing the proposal
was the D. C. Transit System,
which operates bus and street.
car service in Washington.
D. C. Transit said its vehicles
are completely desegregated,
but that it operates extensive
charter service on the East
Coast and cannot dictate to
independent restaurant owners
patronized by those travelling or
the charter buses.
The proposal, advanced by
Attorney General Robert F
Kennedy, would require promi-
nent display of placards assur-
ing equal treatment to all
travellers and reports by the
operating companies to the ICC
on any local interference with
the regulation.
Evening star., 1961-07-22

ROME.-In an era when
violence Of all kinds is a daily
occurrence, one might think
that the outbursts in France,
Algeria, the Upper Adige, and
other sectors of Europe such
as Portugal and Spain, would
attract less attention. But
they are being given more
than usual consideration be-
cause all of them present to
an alarmed and somewhat
weary free world a particular
pattern: the Kremlin design
for world domination. The
plastic bombs found under the
bridges near Bolzano and the
Brenner Pass are of the same
make as those which exploded
in Paris and in Algeria a few
weeks ago. The funds at the
disposal Of the discontented
Tyrolese, the FIN, and the
anti alaZar and anti
Franco groups in the Iberian
peninsula amount, those in
the know say, to more than
$500 million.
The skill with which the
terrorism is being exercised,
for instance in the Upper
Adige (South TyroD, smacks
more OF the methods of grad
yates of the Lenin School in
Baku than of the amateur
nationalistS who want to do
something for their cause"
Some Italians are pointing
out that the original outburst
of violence in the German
language province was mild
and obviously the work of in
experienced people. But the
outbreaks in recent weeks
show careful planning to
spoil the remunerative tour
ist industry in the area. The
interruption of the interna-
tional railway traffic be-
tween Bolzano and the rest
OF Europe unquestionably
has affected the tourist peak
of July and August.
Evening star., 1961-07-22
New Resources Unit

A new branch center of the
Natural Resources Institute of
the University of Maryland has
been opened at LaVale in
Cumberland County. Officially
named the Appalachian Re-
search Center, it will study the
potentialities of Western Mary
lands NATURAL resources.
Evening star., 1961-07-22

look into the whole area and
see if we can improve. But !
understand it's been the tradi-
ton to bid in this manner.
We're oversimplifying the
matter. It's a very complicated
process. They (the firms bid
so much on the first 125,000
yards, then so much on another
125,000 yards. Why they do it
I don't know"
Evening star., 1961-07-22
Weaver Sworn In

George Leon-Paul Weaver
49, yesterday was sworn in as
Assistant Secretary of Labor
in charge of international af-
fairs for the Labor Depart
ment.
Evening star., 1961-07-22
Quortermoster Probes
Fobric Price Disparity

PHILADELPHIA, July % (AP). "A general who took
of the Army Quarermaster Corps depot here just
three weeks doesn't know why supprs charges differed
much 20 cents yard for the type of fabric in order
for 1876 million yards.
But Brig Gen Oliver C. Hardy told newsman. "as a result
Evening star., 1961-07-22
Prince Edward Negroes
Losing School Interest

RICHMOND July % AP).The State Board of Education
was told yesterday that two without public
resulted in education repression among
Prince Edward County Negro children.
Herbert A. Marshall of Norfolk told board that one
Negro third grader enrolled this Institutional
Evening star., 1961-07-22
Auto Big Three Resist
Union Contract Goals

DETROIT July % (AP-The Big Three car makers have
given the United Auto Workers Union what
emphatic mo- to the unions overall labor proposals
But they left the open bargaining on
specific demands before contracts August 81
ChrySer Corp took the yesterday as General
Evening star., 1961-07-19
Battle of Flowers
Roges on CopitoIHiII.

The same point is empha-
sized for the corn tassel, whose
most vigorous supporter is Miss
Margo Cairns Of I10 Maryland
avenue NE. She had q corn
tassel resolution introduced in
January.
THE corn taSsel is homespun
and genuine, yet proud and
wealthy" she asserts. "It. is
emblematic Of this Nations
humble beginnings, its rapid
growth and present prosperity,
It will be when understood, as
unifying among the States as
our flag"
Miss Cairns first obtained
congressional support for corn
in 1855, in response to strong
moves from rose adherents. In
her campaign, she has picked
up the title, "the corn tassel
lady," from the editor of the
Portland Oregonian.
No Hearings Yet
The files of the House Com
Imittee on Administration and
Evening star., 1961-07-19
BIes ofMcLeon
Bids $l,7l5,03l on
Airport Sewer

The M. ]. Bles Construction
Co. Of Mclean, Va, submitted
an apparent low bid Of $l,715,-
0Sl.Ss yesterday for the sec
ond section Of work on the Po-
tomac interceptor sewer to
Dulles Airport.
Seven bids were received for
the two-mile section Of the
sewer which will be built In
Loudoun County between the
Potomac River and Broad
Run.
James Head, chief engineer
for the sewer, said that the ap.
parent low bid was below esti-
mates made by District en-
gineers for the job.
Most of the work on this
project will involve boring
tunnels for the sewer. Bids
were received last month for
the first section Of the 30-mile
long sewer scheduled ito be
completed by the summer Of
1868. ;
Evening star., 1961-07-19
BY HARVEY CLEW
Star Staff Writer

Supporters Of the corn tas-
sci. the carnation, marigold
and other flora are locked in
an annual battle to have Con-
greSS name their favorite as
the. national flower.
The rose joined the fray
Monday, when Senator Keat-
ing, Republican of New York,
introduced q resolution in its
favor.
His measure received bipar-
tiSan support from several
Democratic and Republican
Senators who attended a re-
ception at the Sheraton Carl
ton Hotel sponsored by rose
fanciers.
HOmespun TasseI
The. reception drew the fire
/ Of marigold fans, who appeared
outside with handbills plug
ging their flower as "a native
tof the American continent"