davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-04-02
President Calls White House
Both Home and Museum
BY MARY L. VAUGHAN
Star Home FURNISHINGS Writer

oeaA AAOAAAN "a AAAoAAAAHo
President Kennedy occu-
pied the Lincoln bedroom and
presumably slept in the famed
Lincoln bed when he first
moved into the White House
last January.
But he didn't see the leg
endary Lincoln ghost, Mr..
Kennedy told a national au-
dience last night on a tie
vised video-tape interview.
when I first came in the
White House." the President
revealed, some of the rooms
we're being painted and I
lived in Lincoln's room. And
Theodore Roosevelt used to
sleep in Lincoln'S room the
whole time. -.
The Chief Executive dis
closed his views on living in
the Presidents mansion, while
displaying his knowledge Of
its historic significance, He
also revealed a personal in
tereSt in the new White
House Committee of the Fine
Arts Commission during the
half-hour NBC program that
was taped before he left for
an Easter vacation at Palm
Beach.
"a Close Tie"
Every room in the White
House has a close-for any
President. a close, intimate
tie, and for any American
citizen, so it is somewhat like
living in a museum, but it
is also fortunately a home,
too" he said.
Asked if he felt historic
ghosts lowering around, Mr..
Kennedy replied, Everybody
evidently has seen President
Lincoln, but I don't see the
ghost of President Lincoln,
but you are very conscious of
President Lincoln's pres
ence. :"
Discussing changes in the
mansion, the Chief Executive
said one of the problems in
the White House is that
really there are very few
pieces of furniture that have
any tie with the past. We
do have Lincoln's bed, but
nearly everything else is
really modern, or reproduc-
tionS. We don't have Theo-
dore Roosevelt's chair. We
don't have Polk's desk. We
don't have the same sort of
mementos of the past that,
for example, they have at
Mount Vernon. George
Washington'S home"
"MOre Significant"
President Kennedy pointed
out that Mrs. Kennedy "is
attempting to see if we can
collect that part of the White
House past and make the
White House even more sig
nificant as a national memo
rial"
Queried on whether Mrs.
Kennedy had heard from q
number Of people on the sub
ject, Mr.. Kennedy divulged:
We'll, we have organized and
Evening star., 1961-04-02

have a group now searching,
and I hope that we are going
to find more and more furni-
ture which is tied to our early
beginnings in the White
House"
The President said his in
PRODUCTION as a youth to the
White House and its residents
came through a book, The
White House Gang" a story
of Theodore RooSevelt's five
children.
THE White House was very
alive to me through that
book when I was very young"
he added, "and Of course The
odore Roosevelt, his energy
still vibrates as we'll as Will
son, Franklin Roosevelt and
most recently President Eli
Evening star., 1961-04-02
Group to Hear
DR.. Finley

DR.. j. N. G. Finley, direc-
tor of the University of Vir-
ginia's new extension George
Mason College, will speak at
the Spring Eleusinian Lunch
Evening star., 1961-04-02

con Of the Chi Omega alum
nae on Saturday.
DR.. Finley will discuss
George Mason College -
Where 1t Is, What 1t Is,and
What the Future Holds" at
the l pm. meeting at the
Washington Golf and Coun-
try CLUB.
Evening star., 1961-04-02

Senhower, so 1t is a great
American symbol Of our link
with our earliest beginnings,
and it is also a beautiful
house"
Desk Restored
Mr.. Kennedy observed that
an old desk had been restored
to use in his office which was
a gift to this country from
Queen Victoria and that it
had been used by a number
Of Presidents,
II think the first one may
have been Hayes. I received
a letter from Hayes great
granddaughter when she
read that the desk had come
back into the executive
office" (The 10Th President
The Adak sun., 1961-12-11
DINNER
 MONDAY.

MONDAY
 B EFF NOODLE SOUP P-2 CRACKERS &c CROUTONS ROAST SPRING CHICKEN CREAM GIBIET GRAVY MASHED POTATOES
 CORNBREAD DRESSING SEASONED GREEN PEAS FF CHILLED CRANBERRY SAUCE ICED FRUIT BARS ADAK SALAD BAR ASSORTED SALAD DRESSINGS BREAD B UTTER COFFEE TEA MILK
Evening star., 1961-07-26

power and our sea lift, airlift
and anti-submarine warfare
capability. In addition, oul
strategic air power will be in
creased by delaying the de-
activation of BAT bombers.
s. Finally, some $1.8 billion
about half Of the total sun
is needed for the procure
ment of non-nuclear weapons
ammunition and equipment.
The details on all these re.
quests will be presented to the
Congress beginning tomorrow
Subsequent steps will be taken
to suit subsequent needs. Com
parable efforts for the COM
mon defense are being dis
cusSed with our NATO Allies
For their commitment and IN
tereSt are as precise as ouI
own.
But let me add that I am
well aware of the fact that
many American families will
bear the burden of these re-
quests. Studies or careers will
be interrupted; husbands and
sons will be called away; in
comes will be reduced. But
these are burdens which must
be borne If freedom is to be
defended = Americans have
willingly borne them before -
and they will not finch from
the task now.
Evening star., 1961-07-26

be surmounted. Freedom can
prevail - and the peace can
long endure.
I would like to close with q
personal word. When I ran for
the presidency of the United
States I knew that this coun-
try faced serious challenges,
but I could not realize nor
could any man realize who does
not bear the burdens of this
office, how heavy and constant
would be those burdens.
Three times in my lifetime
our country and Europe have
been involved in major wars.
In each case serious misjudg-
ments were made on both sides
Of the intentions of others,
which brought about great de-
vastation.
Now, in the thermometer
age, any misjudgment on either
side about the intentions of the
other could rain more devasta-
ton in several hours than has
been wrought in all the wars Of
human history.
Evening star., 1961-07-26

Commander Tazewell Shep-
pard, jr., indicated to him the
place in the text where a map
would be shown, tbok some last
minute advice on cues from the
television producer. He mopped
his brow, leaned back, put his
hands on the lectern, adjusted
his tie.
To Reason, Not Rouse
He began to read a speech
that had been billed in ad-
vance as a Second Inaugural
address, but which was not. 1t
was a sober, factual statement
of his intentions rather than
IA trumpet call. The President
seemed more anxious to reason
with the people than to rouse
them.
I'VE intend to have a wider
choice than humiliation or all
out nuclear action" he said
firmly.
But even in crisis he cannot
resist the language of the
ledger. Midway, he embarked on
a favorite subject, the economic
health and strength of the coun-
Evening star., 1961-07-26
Crisis Created
In Moscow

The world is not deceived BY
the Communist attempt to la.
bel Berlin a hot-bed of war
There is peace in Berlin today
The source of world trouble
and tension today is in Mos.
COW, not Berlin. And if wal
begins, it will have begun ir
Moscow. not Berlin.
For the choice of peace OF
war is largely theirs, not ours
It is the Soviets who have
stirred up this crisis. 1t is they
who are trying to force 9
change. 1t is they who have
opposed free elections. 1t is
they who have rejected an all
German treaty, and the rul-
ingS Of international law. AND
as Americans know from oul
history on the old frontier, CUR
battles are caused by outlaws
and not by officers of the
peace.
In short. while we are ready
to defend our interests, we
shall also be ready to search
for peace-in quiet exploratory
talks-in formal or informal
meetings. We do not want mill
tary considerations to domi-
nate the thinking of either
East or West. And Mr.. Khru-
shchev may find that his in
vitation to other nations to
Evening star., 1961-07-26
lit
Primary Purpose
Is Preparation

So long as the Communists
insist that they are preparing
to end unilaterally our rights
in West Berlin and our COM
mitments to it's people, we must
be prepared to defend those
rights and commitments. We
will be ready at all times to
talk, if talk will help. But we
must also be ready to resist
with force, if force is used
Either alone would fail. To-
gether. they can serve the cause
of peace and freedom.
The new preparations that
we shall make to defend the
peace are part of the long-term
build-up in our strength which
has been underway since Janu-
ary. They are based on our
needs to meet a worldwide
threat. on a basis which
stretches far beyond the pres
ent Berlin crisis. Our primary
purpose is neither propaganda
nor provocation-but prepara-
ton.
A first need is to hasten
progress toward the military
goals which the North Atlantic
allies have set for themselves.
In Europe today nothing less
will suffice. We will put even
greater resources into fulfilling
those goals, and look to our
allies to do the same.
The supplementary defense
build-upS that I asked from
the Congress in March and May
have already started us moving
toward these and our other
defense goals. They included
an increase in the size of the
Marine Corps, improved readi-
ness of our reserves, expansion
of our air and sea lift, and
stepped-up procurement of
needed weapons, ammunition
and other items To insure a
continuing invulnerable capaci-
ty to deter or destroy any
aggressor, they provided for the
strengthening of our missile
power and for putting so per
cent of our B-52 and BAT
bombers on a ground alert
which would send them on
their way within Is minutes of
warning.
Evening star., 1961-07-26
Six Actions
Being Taken

Accordingly, I am now tax.
ing the following steps:
/. I am tomorrow requesting
of the Congress for the current
fiscal year an additional $3,-
247 100000 of appropriations
for the military forces.
2. To fill out our present
Army divisions. and to make
more men available for prompt
deployment, 1 am requesting
an increase in the Army's total
authorized strength from 875,-
600 to approximately million
men.
3. I am requesting an in
crease of 20, 900 and 81, 900 men
respectively in the active duty
strength of the Navy and All
Force.
4. To fulfill these manpowel
needs, am ordering that oul
draft calls be doubled ano
tripled in the coming months,
I am asking the Congress fol
authority to order to active
duty certain ready reserve units
and individual reservistS, and
to extend tours of duty; and
under that authority, I am
planning to order to active
duty a number of air trans
port squadrons and Air Ma
tional Guard tactical all
squadrons, to give us the air
lift capacity and protection we
may need. Other reserve
forces will be called up il
needed.
5, Many ships and planes
once headed for retirement are
to be retained or reactivated
increasing our tactical air.
Evening star., 1961-07-26
JOLT FOR THE EASY LIFE
Tense President Charts the Crisis

mer night, an almost-full moon
riding high. the trees black
against the sky.
Eyes Ahead
The President looked hot and
Ipreoccupied. He strode through
his office about five minutes
before air time, looking neither
to right nor to left. He returned
three minutes before air time,
for once did not greet any Of
the reporters or television and
still cameramen who were
tightly packed before him.
His desk had been cleared for
the occasion. Rough-cut dark
red felt was taped over the
surface and over the low lecterh
in the center. The arms and
back of his cream-colored
swivel chair were covered with
green burlap.
The President was wearing
a dark blue. pin-stripe suit, a
white shirt, a conservative dark
blue tie with a small figure.
AS the countdown began, he
scribbled changes on his script
with a silver pen, took a sip of
water from a glass with the
Harvard seal on it, had it re-
placed with a smaller glass.
He called over his naval aide,
Evening star., 1961-07-26
Resolution
Proposedb by
President

This is the tert of a pro-
posed Joint resolution sent
by President Kennedy today
to Congress:
Resolved by the Senate and
House Of Representatives Of
the United States Of America
in Congress assembled, that,
notwithstanding any other pro-
vision Of law. until July /, 1862,
the President may, without the
consent of the persons con-
cerned. order any unit, and
any member not assigned to a
unit organized to serve as a
unit. in the Ready Reserve of
an armed force to active duty
for not more than IL months.
However, not more than 250,-
600 members of the Ready Re-
serve may be on active duty
(other than for training)
without their consent under
this section at any time.
Section 2. Notwithstanding
any other provision of law, un-
til July /. 1862. the President
may authorize the Secretary of
Defense to extend enlistments,
appointments. periods of active
duty, periods of active duty
for training, periods of obli-
gated service, or other military
status in any component of an
armed force or in the National
Guard that expire before July
l, 1862, for not more than IL
Evening star., 1961-07-26
Testing Place
For Vests Courage

Thus, our presence in West
Berlin, and our access thereto
cannot be ended by any act Of
the Soviet government, The
NATO shield was long ago eX-
tended to cover West Berlin
and we have given our word
that an attack in that city will
be regarded as an attack upon
US all.
For West Berlin-lying ex-
posed 110 miles inside East
Germany, surrounded by Soviet
troops and close to Soviet
supply lines, has many roles.
II. Is more than a showcase of
liberty. a symbol, an isle of
freedom in a Communist sea.
It Is even more than a link
with the free world, a beacon
Of hope behind the Iron Cur
tain, an escape hatch for
refugees.
West Berlin is all of that.
But above all it has now be-
come as never before - the
great testing place of Western
courage and will, a focal point
where our solemn commitments
and Soviet ambitions now meet
in basic conformation.
It would be a mistake for
others to look upon Berlin, be-
cause of its location, as a
tempting target. The United
States is there; the United
Kingdom and France are there;
the pledge of NATO is there
and the people of Berlin are
there. 1t is as secure as the
rest of us-for we cannot sep
arate its safety from our own.
I hear it said that West Ber-
lin is militarily untenable. So
was Bastogne. So, in fact, was
Stalingrad. Any dangerous spot
is tenable if brave men will
make it so.
We do not want to fight
but we have fought before. And
others in earlier times have
made the same dangerous mis-
take of assuming that the West
was too selfish and too soft and
too divided to resist invasions
of freedom in other lands.
Those who threaten to unleash
the forces of war on dispute
over West Berlin should recall
the words of the ancient phi
losopher: "A man who causes
fear cannot be free from fear. "
We cannot and will not per-
nit the Communists to drive
us out of Berlin, either gradu-
ally of by force. For the fulfill
ment of our pledge to that city
is essential to the morale and
the security of Western Ger
Evening star., 1961-07-26
WHITE HOUSE TEXT
Kennedys ysNotetoC Congress

Here is the tert of a White
House announcement of
President Kennedy'S re-
quests to Congress today:
The President transmitted to
Congress today amendments to
the 1862 budget for military
functions of the Department of
Defense involving an increase
of $3,454,6 100000.
The funds requested will pro-
vide for additional manpower
and equipment primarily 10
improve the non-nuclear de-
tense capabilities of our ground
forces and of the air clements
OF the Navy and Air Force,
provide increased air and sea
lift, and expand our anti
submarine warfare program.
In addition, they will support
an invigorated civil defense
program designed to lead to
adequate protection of our
civilian population from the
devastating effects of nucItar
attack.
Today's amendments bring
the total new obligational au-
thority requested for the mill
tary functions of the Depart
ment of Defense for the fiscal
year 1862 to $47,506,113,000.
Expenditures in the fiscal
year 1862 resulting from to-
days request are estimated at
$2,740,000, 10000. of which $2.6
Evening star., 1961-07-26

moving our forces quickly and
in. large numbers to any part
of the world.
But even more Importantly,
we need the capability of plac-
ing in any critical area at the
appropriate time a force, which,
combined with that of our AL
lies, is large enough to make
clear our determination and
ability to defend our rights at
all coSts-and to meet all lev
els of aggressor pressure with
whatever levels of force are re-
quired. We intend to have a
wider choice than humiliation
or all-out nuclear action.
While it is unwise either to
call or to send abroad excessive
numbers of these troops before
they are needed, let me make it
clear that I intend to take as
time goes on whatever steps are
necessary to make certain that
such forces can be deployed at
the appropriate time without
lessening our ability to meet
other military needs.
Thus, in the days and months
ahead, I shall not hesitate to
ask for additional measures
from the Congress, or exercise
any of the executive powers I
possess to meet this threat to
peace. Everything essential to
the security of freedom will be
done; and if that should re-
quire more men, taxes, controls
or other new powers, I shall not
hesitate to request them. The
measures proposed today will
be constantly studied, and al
tered as necessary. But while
we will not let panic shape our
policy, neither will we permit
timidity to direct our program.
Evening star., 1961-07-26
BY MARY McGRORY
s Star Staff Writer

The President last night was
competing against high sum-
mer, against moonlight sails
and, cookouts and clambakes.
He was talking of troubles
ahead to a people who right
now is convinced that "the
Twin is easy"
The President made his
speech to a Nation that is en-
joying its two-week vacation
with pay, that is in the noun
tains, on the beach or on the
terrace. He was speaking of in
ternational problems to a coun-
try whose main worries now
are why the barbecue grill
isn't drawing or whether it
should let a 12-year-old boy
take the outboard motor out
by himself or allow his young
sister to swim to the big raft
alone.
He was trying to rally a peo-
pie with its feet up. He was
telling of mobilization to men
who are trying only to recruit
a fourth for a set of tennis or
a game of bridge.
Inside his stuffy. crowded Of
flee, the President was tense.
Outside, it was a perfect sum-
Evening star., 1961-07-26
Future Depends
On Firmness Now

The solemn vow we each
gave to West Berlin in time
OF peace will not be broken
in time of danger. If we do
not meet our commitments to
Berlin, where will we later
stand? If we are not true to
our word there, all that we
have achieved will mean Moth
ing. And if there is one path
above all others to war, it is
the path Of weakness and dis
unity. History, I am confident,
will record not only that the
spirit Of freedom was saved in
Berlin, but that in its hour of
peril that spirit was infused
with new honor and new con-
viction. by a creative alliance
for peace.
Today, the endangered from
tier of freedom runs through
divided Berlin. We want it to
remain a frontier of peace.
This is the hope of every citi-
zen Of the Atlantic COMMU-
NIFTY; every citizen of Eastern
Europe; and 1 am confident,
every citizen of the Soviet
Union. For I cannot believe
that the Russian peoples -
who bravely suffered enormous
losses in the Second World
War-would now wish to see
the peace upset once more in
Germany. The Soviet govern
ment alone can convert Ber-
lin frontier of peace into a pre-
text for war.
The steps I have indicated
tonight are aimed at avoiding
that war. To sum it all up: We
seek peace-but we shall not
surrender. That is the central
meaning of this criSis-and the
meaning of your Governments
policy.
With your help, and the help
Of all free men, this crisis can
Evening star., 1961-07-26
Berlin Represents
Worldwide Threat

The immediate threat to free
men is in West Berlin. But that
isolated outpost is not an iSo-
lated problem. The threat is
Worldwide. Our effort must be
equally wide and strong, and
not be obsessed by a single
manufactured crisis. We face a
challenge in Berlin, but there
is also, for example, a challenge
in Southeast Asia, where the
borders are less guarded, the
enemy harder to find, and the
danger of communism often
less apparent to the local popu-
lation. We face a challenge in
our own hemisphere and where
ever else the freedom of human
beings is at stake.
Let me remind you that the
fortunes of war and diplomacy
left the free people of West
Berlin 110 miles behind the
IRON Curtain. We are there as a
result Of our victory over Nazi
Germany-and our basic rights
deriving from that victory in
cIude both our presence in Ber-
lin and the enjoyment of ac-
cess across East Germany
These rights have been repeat
edly confirmed and recognized
in special agreements with the
Soviet Union.
Berlin is not a part of East
Germany, but a separate ter
rttory under the control of the
Allied powers. Thus our rights
there are clear and firmly
rooted. But in addition to those
rights is our commitment to
sustain-and defend, if need be
the opportunity for more than
two million people to determine
their own future and choose
their own way of life.
Evening star., 1961-07-26

try, and the improved business
outlook. Money, of course, has
become a more congenial sub
ject in the country of his adver-
sary Khrushchev. who may be
finding out that his people have
fallen in love with their re-
frigerators.
For the choice of peace or
war is largely theirs, not ours, -
he said. pointing with his right
index finger for emphasis. 1T
is the Soviets who have stirred
up this crisis"
Personal Note
He mopped his brow when he
said, I'VE shall also be ready to
search for peace-in quiet ex-
ploratory talks-in formal or
informal meetings"
He closed with "a personal
note", an Internationally de-
livered request for patience, for
help, for advice, for suggestions
and "above all, your prayers. :"
Having addressed his pleas
ure-bent people, the President
remarked that it was warm,
greeted no one and went out
into the still summer night.
Evening star., 1961-07-26
VII
Challenge to All
Who Claim Liberty

While all Of these efforts 60
on. we must not be diverted
from our total responsibilities,
from other dangers, other tasks.
If new threats in Berlin or
elsewhere should cause us to
weaken our new program of
assistance to the developing
nations who are also under
heavy pressure-or to halt our
efforts for realistic disarma-
mentor to disrupt or slow
down our economy-or to neg
lect the education of our chill
dren-then those threats will
surely be the most successful
and least costly maneuver in
Communist history. For we can
afford all these efforts, and
more.-but we cannot afford
not to meet this challenge.
And the challenge is not to
US, alone. 1t is a challenge to
every nation which has asserted
its sovereignty in the name of
liberty. 1t is a challenge to all
who want world of free choice.
1t is a special challenge to
the Atlantic Community - the
heartland Of human freedom
We in the West must move
together in building military
strength. We must consult one
another more closely than ever
before. We must design to-
gether our proposals for peace,
and labor together as they are
pressed at the conference table.
And together we must share
the burdens and the risks of
this effort.
The Atlantic Community, as
we know it, has been built in
response to challenge: The
challenge Of European chaos in
1947; the challenge of the
Berlin blockade in 1948, the
challenge Of Communist ag-
gression in Korea in 1850. Now,
standing strong and prosperous,
after a decade of unprecedented
progress, the Atlantic Commu-
nifty will not forget either its
history or the principles which
give it meaning.