davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-08-10
Mr.. K. and Economics

In his lengthy speech the other day,
Nikita KhruShchev, besides discussing
Berlin and the danger of war, had a
lot to say about what he described as
the wonders of the Soviet economy and
the coming global triumph of commu-
nism through peaceful competition"
This is a theme the Premier has
been harping on for some years past,
always predicting the doom of capital
ism" everywhere. Indeed, he has harped
upon it so much that he may actually
have convinced himself that he is right,
and now he and his Soviet Communist
Party have drafted new 20-year pro-
gram purporting to put the USSR-
and with it the rest Of the world, which
is supposed to become entirely Red in
due courSe-on the road to a MarxiSt-
feminist economic paradise full Of good
things for everybody.
In support Of his promises to his
own people, Mr.. KhruShchev can cite,
as he has just done in his latest speech,
numerous statistics indicating that the
Soviet Union has made great advances
since the BolShevik Revolution 40 years
ago. But although such advances un-
doubtedly have been achieved in the
country's heavy industry, and in its
science and technology, the light or
conSumer-goodS industry has failed
n1iSerably-aS result of deliberate
policy-to meet the needs of the fast
growing population, and the collective
and state farms have been woefully
deficient. Actually, whenever Moscow's
propagandiSts eulogize Communist eco
nomics and predict the not-too- distant
death of Capitalism" in the United
States and the West as a whole, certain
familiar facts are worth repeating by
way of an answer. They include the
following:
(1) An average family of four in
places like Moscow is jammed into
housing not much bigger than
medium sized American bedroom; (2)
Soviet output of household utensils and
other consumer goods is equal to only
Shockingly small fraction Of ours.
And (3) the USSR's agricultural econ
omy is markedly backward by Western
standards; for example, whereas only
tenth Of our labor force produces
superabundance of food, roughly half
RusSia'S population is engaged in
farming whose inadequate production
results in dull national diet, with the
cities hit by recurrent shortages of meat,
milk, fats and other items.
1t may well be true, of course, that
all will change for the better during
the course of the new Soviet 20-year
program. Meanwhile. however, our own
country and the So-called capitalist"
world at large "a free world including
more than few social democratic and
social-welfare States) will not be stand
ing still. Very probably, by the time
1880 rolls around, the masses of the
USSR will still have quite a distance
to go to attain Western living standards.
Evening star., 1961-08-10
Space Fukey?

Until the Russians allow
disinterested, qualified wit
nesses to view, their much
publicized successes, I think
we should not swallow their
stories whole.
Being past-masters at the
art Of propaganda and de-
ception. is it not possible Cor
probable) that they simply
orbited an ordinary sputnik
with a pre-recorded CONVEX
sation for pickup by nom
Soviet stations on earth?
Coming at the opportune
time, during the Berlin crisis,
1t Is almost too coincidental.
One Of the basic precepts of
propaganda is that if you
tell a lie often enough, peo-
pie will begin to believe it.
Apparently the Russians have
fooled a lot of people over
here. And this propaganda
from a country that until two
years ago couldn't shoot high
enough to knock down a U-2!
J. E. Malone.
\ y -
We have heard much about
the reception given Yugi
Gagarin, as first man to
orbit the earth. Now he
boasts that his next trip is
to the moon.
The only proof that we
have Of Gagarin,s alleged
earth orbiting feat is Russia's
word, which has heretofore
proven totally unreliable,
This race for space is a hor-
rible hoax on the American
people. The Russians are
laughing up their sleeves at
us as they distract our So
called leaders into a state of
confusion. They are doing
an excellent job Of bluffing
our brain-boys into spending
and wasting the country into
bankruptcy while they pre-
pare to take over the earth.
It is time we stop watching
the Russian tricksters at
work. stop staring at the
stars and start fighting for
our very own survival here
on earth.
Nish Showers.
Evening star., 1961-08-10
Praise for Formoso

One passage in the communique
issued after the meetings here between
President Kennedy and Nationalist
China's Premier Chen Cheng merits a
( bit of re-thinking.
For many years, Generalissimo
I Chang Kai-shek has been favorite
( whipping boy of our bleeding hearts.
They have said that he Is a dictator,
which, IN sense, we suppose he is.
They have condemned his regime as
corrupt and have wept periodically in
print for his oppressed and downtrodden
victims on the island of FormoSa.
Surveying these reports, one might
readily come to the conclusion that the
people in the area under Nationalist
China's control are little better off than
the miserable inhabitants of a con-
centration camp.
Mr.. Kennedy doesn't see it this way.
The communique said the President
noted the remarkable achievements"
of the past 10 years in Formosa, (which
have brought unprecedented improve
mentS in the standard of living, in
public health and education, and in in
dustrial and agricultural output" The
President also observed that, in contrast
to the situation in Communist China,
"thiS record was accomplished without
violence to the great traditions and
human values which have been cher
iShed throughout history by the Chinese
people"
In appraising this, certain allow
ance doubtless should be made for the
amenities of diplomatic intercourse.
Even so, one of two things must be
true-Mr. Kennedy was talking about
Evening star., 1961-08-10
Premature Protest

Representative Williams,
Democrat of Mississippi, said
on August 3, II will ask
President Kennedy to issue
an ultimatum to Castro. This
would tell Castro that If he
did not order his hoodlums to
release the plane in Ell Paso
:. :" This was stated in The
Star of August 8. and the
issue of August 4 carried this
article: "Fidel Castro'S gov
ernment protested to the
United Nations Security
Council today because United
States Congressman assumed
the Castro regime was behind
the hijacking Of a Boeing
jet airliner yesterday. A
Cuban note to the council
accused the United States
Government of using the
plane incident as q pretext
for preparing military aggres-
sion against Cuba. The note
called on the Security Coun-
Gil to take the necessary
measures to avoid the repeti-
ton of these congressional
accusationS) taking into con-
sideration that they are i'll
inspired and endanger the
world peace"
I shouldn't have to specify
the point I am making any
further for any intelligent
reader. Not only Representa-
tive Williams, but a number
of Congressman demonstrated
a highly emotional reaction
toward Castro in the hijack-
ing of the Ell Paso plane. AS
it turned out, Castro had
nothing to do with it. Emo
tional outbursts of this type
without even a token attempt
at rational analysis of the
real nature of the situation
are not doing our interna-
tional relations any good, and
it is disturbing how many
Congressman have a similar
approach to any number Of
problem situations, both ma
tional and international.
Harry o. Comp.
Evening star., 1961-08-10
Auditing Foreign Aid

ACCORDING to Democratic
Sc a tor Humphrey, huge
United States military spend
ing is "just what Khrushchey
wants" Presumably this is
because we won't have so
much left to spend at home.
And, If Khrushchev's people
must really eat horse meat
while he spends the results
OF their toll and tears on
trying to communize the rest
OF the world, he might be
sensitive to the materialistic
goodies our Government
keeps offering voters.
OF course, experts on cold
war tactics have warned for
years that an integral part
OF Communist strategy is to
try to maneuver free govern
mentS into moral and eco
nomic chaos. But they usual
ly consider our trend toward
centralized government par
ticularly dangerous in this
respect, since it takes away
SO much personal liberty and
leaves fewer and fewer people
able or willing to risk taking
a strong stand for or against
anything Of national impor-
tance.
AS for wants, we've often
wondered at the supposed OBJ
jectionS of Soviets regarding
our outpouring of foreign aid.
Admittedly a great deal of it
goes to uphold Communist
controlled regimes which
might otherwise fall apart.
If we made it necessary for
SovietS to spend more of
their own resources, wouldn't
it be more difficult for them
to hold helpless nations in
captivity?
Another thing: In spending
all these uncounted billions
in trying to help other ma
tionS understand and accept
our ideal of freedom"
shouldn't we make our pro-
grams clearly identifiable
with our free-enterprise sys-
tenn of government? We seem
to be stating our objectives
as social reform" The
Soviets, also state their aims
as some sort of social" rev.
olution. How are billions of
the completely illiterate-or
even the literate-supposed
to be persuaded that one
country's socialism is more
moral or to be desired than
the other?
Congress has a grave re-
sponsibility to refuse to alb
dicate its duty to see that
Evening star., 1961-08-10
VISTAS IN SCIENCE.
Energy Produced Within Body Cells
BY THOMAS r. HENRY

Most Of the body's millions
OF microscopic cells have
their own ultra-microscopic
engines, or energy-producing
machines.
Each Of these engines, or
mitochondrions, may have as
many as 1900 parts. They
are essential for all cells
which make use of oxygen.
The apparatus was de-
scribed at the opening ses-
sion Of the World Con-
gress on Biochemistry, which
opened in Moscow today,
by DR.. D. E. Green of the
University of Wisconsin.
Great depths in the phe-
nomenon Of life are being
probed in the week-long
gathering of biochemists
from all over the world.
About so Americans are pre-
senting reports of their re-
searches.
Essential Organ
The Wisconsin chemists,
DR.. Green said, have devel-
oped techniques for stepwise
disassembly of the incredibly
complex mitochondrion and,
following eight years of
labor, finally have succeeded
in putting it together again.
Despite it's invisible minute
ness it obviously is one of
the most essential of organs
IN both humans and animals.
The mitochondrion, when
blown up a million times, DR..
Green said, looks like an elon-
gated cake in which a large
number of raisins are i'm
bedded in regular array. The
raisins are the elements which
do the work and the cake is
the structural network in
which they are mounted and
supported.
The raisins, of which there
are 1900 in a single mito-
chondrion of beef heart, are
the elementary units which
carry out the complete oxida-
ton Of pyruvic acid (essen-
tally sugar. to carbon dioxide
and water. This is essentially
a combustion process. Dur
ing it the energy of oxidation
Evening star., 1961-08-10
AHborne Lunotics

The hijacking of Pan American Jet,
fourth such incident in three months,
undoubtedly was the work of a lunatic
This particular form of alteration, how
ever, seems to be contagious something
like the goldfish wallowing craze which
swept American colleges few years
ago or the series of leaps from the
Washington Monument until bars were
installed on the windows. One such in
cident plants the idea in an unbalanced
mind and thus leads to the next hijack-
ing.
Despite excited accusations on
Capitol Hill, before the facts were eS-
tablished, it is clear that Fidel Castro
was in no way responsible for the seizure
or the DC-8. Nor is there any evidence,
as far as we know, to connect him with
the earlier hijackingS. In the absence of
such proof, it is foolish to talk about
sending troops into Cuba. And it was
especially foolish in this instance since
the plane, the crew and the passengers
were released promptly by the Cuban
authorities. Perhaps this can be attrib-
uted more to the fact that Colombian
diplomat was aboard than to any respect
for American rights. But in any event
the plane had left Havana before the
first Marine could have landed.
There are two main remedies, it
seems to us, for this dangerous business.
One is to set up more effective security
arrangements aboard passenger planes.
Perhaps there can be no such thing as
complete security. But it ought not to
be simple matter, as in this case, for
an armed hijacker to obtain control of
an airliner manned by crew of nine.
The second remedy consists of an ar
rangement with Cuba under which hi
lacked planes would be released without
delay, thereby reducing the incentive
to take control of plane and order the
pilot to fly to Havana.
Something of this sort seemed to
be in the works before yesterdays affair.
The State Department had indicated
that, If asked to do so by Cuba, it would
intervene in court proceedings in this
country aimed at selling hijacked Cuban
planes to satisfy debt claims against the
Cuban government. About II hijacked
Cuban planes have been disposed of in
this manner. Taking note of this sug-
geStion, DR.. Raul Roa, Cuba's foreign
minister, indicated the other day that he
would be interested in such an arrange
ment.
Perhaps the most significant aspect
of DR.. Roa's position was that he seemed
to agree in principle with the United
States as regards piracy on the high
seas or in the air. He appears to be
against it, and if this is so; then maybe
,thereIl be an end to it-and the sooner
the better. Meanwhile, of course, the
new legislation dealing with piracy in
the air should be passed. But new law
will be effective only in cases in which
this Government can get it's hands on
the offending hijackers.
Evening star., 1961-08-10

is converted into the chemical
energy necessary for the life
and work of the cell.
Elementary Particle
The elementary particle.
DR.. Green said, has a kind of
bucket brigade" for moving
electrons from the sugar to
oxygen. At least II different
components make up this
chain. Some of the most
important biochemical ele-
ments have a part in this
chain-flavin which is one of
the B vitamins, iron and COP
per. There, are three or four
different kinds of each. These
all are arranged in a definite
sequence which the Wisconsin
chemists have determined.
"The most striking charac-
teristic on the energy trans
forming machine" DR.. Green
said, "iS the presence of metal
atoms Of type heretofore un-
known to biochemistry.
"At the molecular level and
through the eyes of the
electron microscope all the
cellular machines that trans
form energy look remarkably
alike. The rods of the eye,
the mitochondrion, the cell
m e m brane, the kidney
tubules all show a typically
similar structure-paralleI
elements evenly spaced and
separated by exactly the
same molecular distances.
The raisins differ from one
biological machine to another
but the cakes in which they
are imbedded are much the
same in design and arrange
ment.
1.-TWO elements make up the
cake-a special protein which
forms huge polymers Qong
strings of molecules) and
these giant polymers are in
extricably tied up with fat.
1t is within this matrix of
protein and fat that the
biochemical raisins are i'm
bedded, and the matrix serves
to keep the functional ele-
in just the right shape
and posture to do their work
properly"
Evening star., 1961-08-10
Spend, Spend, SPEND

oOCldIISIIl, says hAru-
shchev inevitably will take
over from capitalism every
where. Such is the objective
law Of the development of
society"
A major objective Of the
Communists is to encourage
democratic nations to spend
themselves into weakness and
chaos. In the latest Commu-
mist pronouncement, they
speak hopefully Of the pre-
cipitous growth Of world
socialism. Obviously they ex-
pect us to eventually choose
their drab system under the
delusion that only by let
ing "Big Brother" determine
the course Of our individual
lives can we find any measure
Of progress and security.
Surely all Americans are
ready to pay whatever is
necessary for the military
strength to counter Commu-
mist military threats. But why
should it be necessary, while
we bear this added military
expense, to initiate welfare
programs at the national
level-the value Of which is
questionable except to poll
ticians who cynically use
them as stepping stones to
power?
The welfare planners ap-
parently would beguile us
into eventually channeling
all our resources above what
is needed for the bare neces-
sites Of life to the central
government where eX-profeS-
sors and bright young men,
in their consummate ivory
tower wisdom, would decide
on what worthwhile projects
the money will be spent and
would lay down the ground
rules to which we must con-
form.
This spending by the cen
tral government on programs
that were never meant to be
Shouldered by the central
government can only lead to
stagnation of the economy
and sitting of individual in
itiative and liberty. In the
long run. it can only lead to
fulfillment of Mr.. Khru-
Shchev's prophecy.
Violet Palmer.
Evening star., 1961-08-10

whatever billions are spent
receive careful scrutiny and
a vote. One reason we elect
them is to see that our tax
money is not rushed out the
back door in blank checks.
Lila d, SOnnemann
Evening star., 1961-08-10
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDriters' correct
names and addresses. An let
ters are subject to condeRSG-
tton. Those not used tCiu be
returned only Dhen accom-
panied By self - addressed,
stamped eTUelopeS.
Evening star., 1961-08-10

some other FormoSa or some of the
things we have been reading these many
years have not been true. The latter,
we suspect, is the case.
Evening star., 1961-08-10
THE POLITICAL MILL
BY GOULD LINCOLN
New York's Merry Go-Round

unusual degree and anything
may happen.
Mr.. DeSapio is fighting for
his political life in his own
district. His district leader
ship Is the basis or founda-
ton Of his whole political
pyramid. The last time he
was reelected he won by
only TOO votes. The popula-
ton of the district has
changed to more liberals and
fewer Italians. One factor
which may help Mr.. DeSapio
is that he has two opponents.
One is James S. Lanigan, a
lawyer who is running on the
slogan, Reform the Demo-
cratic Party Of New York"
The other, is Patrick j.
Sullivan, a retired detective
lieutenant who once was q
friend of Mr.. DeSapio but
now is out to "stick a knife"
in him. In this contest a
great deal seems to hang on
so little.
Complication in Race
The mayoralty race is fur
ther complicated by the fact
that Mayor Wagner has
an opponent in the Lib
eral Party primary, Stuart
Scheftel, and that the pres
ent president of the City
Council has announced he
will run as an independent
Democratic candidate for
mayor should Mr.. Wagner
win the primary. If Mr..
Wagner fails to defeat Mr..
Levitt for the Democratic
nomination, he will have to
make up his mind to support
the organization ticket or
continue in the race as the
candidate of the Liberal
Party or some other party
perhaps the newly organic
ing Labor Party. Some Of the
labor unions already have
indorsed Mr.. Levitt, however.
Mayor Wagner is hitting
hard at the Levitt ticket on
the "bosSism" issue. Mr..
Levitt for his part is shout
ing that Mr.. Wagner in his
two terms as mayor has
shown no leadership; that
corruption has crept into
every part of the city gov
ernment. Two effective issues
are the school scandals and
street crime. The latter has
New Workers afraid as never
before in many parts Of the
city. Mayor Wagner tries to
prove he has been uncover
ing corruption himself. But
street crimes have uncovered
themselves.
All this Democratic feud-
ing. has encouraged the Re-
publicans to feel they may
have a chance to elect their
first mayor since Fiorello La
Guardia. Their only chance
seems to lie in a victory Of
Mr.. Levitt for nomination
and Mayor Wagner's entry
into the general election as
the candidate of the Liberal
Party or as an independent.
They could so divide the vote
that the Republican candi-
date already picked Louis K.
Lefkowitz) might slip in.
This situation could be aided
by the entrance of other pos
Sible candidates.
1t is 20 years since Mr..
La Guardia was mayor and
since a mayor of New York
won a third term - now
sought by Mr.. Wagner. The
last official figures Of en-
rolled voters shows 2,376,467
Democrats, 841,105 Repub-
licans, and something over
$4,000 Liberals. Only enrolled
voters may take part in the
coming primaries. Under
such circumstances the elec-
tion of a Republican mayor
OF New York would be almost
as great an upset as was the
election of a Texas Repub-
lican to the Senate a couple
OF months ago.
Evening star., 1961-08-10

NEW YORK, N. Y.-The
political picture in New York
today presents a merTy-go-
round-not so merry for the
Democrats as for the Repub-
hcans. Rarely before have the
Democrats in New York City
found themselves in such q
bitter struggle. The stakes
are high-control of the city
government and of the party
during the next four years,
and control of the party in
the city usually means con-
troll Of the State party, too.
The bitterness dates back
to 1854 and 1858. The villain
Of the piece is Carmine G.
DeSapio, Tammany chief
tain and Democratic national
committeeman, who stalks
through the city in dark
glasses wearing an expression
that rarely changes. He sank
Franklin D. Roosevelt, jr.,
when Mr.. Roosevelt tried to
run for Governor in 1854.
Four years later, he further
enraged the liberal Demo-
Gratis because he wouldn't
let them nominate one of
their number for Senator. He
made the convention take
District Attorney Frank
Hogan. The liberals, headed
by Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt
and former Senator Herbert
Lehman, are fighting desper-
ately to get rid of Mr.. De-
Sapio. Their opportunity lies
in the election of a district
leader in Greenwich Village
in place of him and in the
denomination of Mayor Bob
Wagner-both in the Sep
tember 2 primary election.
The Democratic organiza-
tionS in all five counties of
the city are all backing State
Controller Arthur Levitt
having turned their backs on
Mayor Wagner. The Mayor
has the backing of the re-
form group-the liberals So
called in the Democratic Party
and Of the Liberal Party.
He also has the formidable
city hall patronage group,
and Of some Of the Inde-
pendent Democrats who have
broken with the organization.
Keeping Hands Off
On the surface at least,
the Kennedy administration
is keeping hands off the pri-
mary struggle, although it
has had no love for either
Mr.. DeSapio or his ally,
Democratic State Chairman
Michael Prendergast. Earlier
in the year, the White House
tried to shake Mr.. Prendcr-
CAST loose from the State
chairmanship-but he would
not shake. Also there were
signs it would like to see
Mayor Wagner renominated
and reelected, believing that
he would then have full con-
troll Of the city and State
Democratic parties-and be
in position to support strong
ly a Democratic candidate
for Governor in the 1862 race
against Republican Gov. Mel
son A. Rockefeller. If they
can dispose Of Gov. Rookie
feller next year, the Ken
nedys will feel much easier
about the presidential elec-
tion of 1864.
Most observers here give
Mr.. Levitt the edge over Mr..
Wagner for the mayoralty
nomination, though none of
them seems absolutely sure
either way. They argue that
in a primary election, the
man who has the organiza-
tion on his side has a great
advantage; that the organi-
zation can get out the vote
favorable to its candidate.
However, this contest has
aroused public interest to an
Evening star., 1961-12-04
Silver Tea
Next SUNDAY

A silver tea and open house
will be held at the Convent
Of the Good Shepherd from
3 to 6 pm. next Sunday,
under the auspices of the
Ladies Guild of the Convent.
Visitors will be conducted
on a tour of the building
by the sisters and members
Of the guild.
The arts and crafts unit
will exhibit hand-woven baby
blankets, handmade pins
and unusual toys, made by
the girls of the st. Eu-
phrasia School conducted by
the Sisters of the Good Shep-
herd. A doll with a trunk
Of handmade clothes will also
be on exhibition.
Donations received will be
used to equip the recently
acquired medical room for thu
convent and school.