davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-11-09
DORIS FLEESON

ocratS have now
beaten an Eisenhower Re-
publican, a Rockefeller Re-
publican and a Goldwater
Republican in significant
campaigns which they pinned
to bread-and-butter issues.
They will reap certain i'm
mediate advantages.
Gov .-elect Richard j.
Hughes of New Jersey will
continue their control of an
important swing State a year
beyond the next presidential
election. He has weakened
the effort Of moderate Re-
publicans to build an East
Coast bastion Of Republican
strength.
Mayor Robert Wagner. now
free Of boss control. gets a
third chance to clean up
New York City Hall and as
siSt with rebuilding his once
great party within the State.
His personal future rests
upon what he does with
these golden opportunities.
The Goldwater Republican
who bit the dust IN Texas
John Goode-had charged
President Kennedy with ap-
peasement and demanded the
liberation of Cuba. The Pres
ident can rejoice, instead, in
a precious House vote and a
Evening star., 1961-11-09
Democratic Victors' ADVANTAGES

General Louis J. Lefkowitz.
who fought Mr.. Wagner,
could or would adopt the
prevailing g congressional
standard of Republican at
tack. They were beaten in
the big cities in the same old
way by voters who feel their
place in the sun is more as
Sured by Democratic policies.
Possibly Republicans may
conclude that these are only
isolated cases, nor can it be
claimed that a tidal wave Of
confidence in the President
has been proved to exist.
What very possibly has been
proved is that the voters
have a somewhat better per-
spective than some politi-
clans think. Perhaps they
understand the President has
the duty and responsibility
for foreign policy and should
be given the benefit of the
doubt.
The President proba bly,
helped Mr.. Hughes in the
home stretch, and former
President Eisenhower cannot
be described as effective, for
he entered all three cam
paigns to help the loser.
But the real heroes are
the hard-driving candidates
themselves and the toilers
at dingy headquarters who
bore the heat and the burden
of the day.
Evening star., 1961-11-09
DAVID LAWRENCE
Election Gloom for Democrats

troll of the larger cities, Re-
publicans cut deeply into
their margins-in New Ha-
ven, for instance, the Demo-
cratic mayors $4,000 plu-
rality of two years ago was
reduced to less than 1000,
and in Stamford the 1859
margin of 10,481 was cut by
more than half to 4,187.
Plainly. there is a revolt on
against vested interests and
the entrenched power of the
bosses in many States and
cities. New Jersey is a boss
controlled State where the
machines usually dominate
Essex and HudSon-two pop
ulous counties that can swing
any election.
Certain New York City
newspapers which in the past
have for the most part sup
ported Democratic nominees
for Mayor and supported Mr..
Kennedy in 1860 turned
thumbs down on Mayor Wag-
ner for reelection and told
their readers to vote for the
Republican candidate Attor-
ney General Lefkowitz. But
it was of no avail.
Does this mean that the
people really don't know the
issues? Is there an absence
of effective communication
between the organs Of opin-
ion and the people in the
precincts? There is to be
sure. some form of commu-
nication that does get votes.
1t is evidently what the boss
eS tell their lieutenants to say
and TO promlSe-that often
carries the day.
Political debate in the
neighborhood used to be i'm
portant because people knew
the people not only next door
but a couple blocks away.
Today they don't know the
residents of the apartment
above them. New ways of
communicating the facts of
political scandal and of po-
litical misgovernment must
be found if boss control is to
be removed. Tuesdays cleo
ton results, however. do show
that across the country the
people are being awakened to
the misrule by city halls and
local political machines and
that they are exercising their
constitutional right to de
sert" their party and vote for
opposition candidates in the
hope of diSciplining their own
party leaders.
(Copyright, 196D
Evening star., 1961-11-09
Soviet Dictotor's Move on Finland
Called First FoIIow-up of Bombs

military advisers are aware
of this that they will continue
crude and arrogant missile
rattling but not dare to
launch a missile war. They
know also that we shall never
engage in a preventive war"
So much for the military
aspect. But it is almost lInan-
imously admitted that the
launching of the super bomb
the cost of which an anna
teur statistician has placed
at a sum which could pro-
vide every man. woman and
child in the Soviet Union
with two pairs of shoes and
two full meals for a year
will have a powerful poll
tical repercussicn. Mr.. Khru-
shchev will raise the price of
peace in our time" Al
though he might still be of a
mind to offer President Ken
nedy and Prime Minister
Macmillan a face-saving de-
vice to enable them to claim
a victory for the principles
for which we stand, he will
yield nothing substantive.
The cowardly attitude of
the United Nations in the
face of his defiance has con-
vlnced the Soviet dictator,
according to available re-
ports. that he need not yield
on anything.
His action merely was de-
nounced, deplored and casti-
gated in meaningless notes,
statements and nothing more.
Hence, he is said to feel him.
self securely in the drivers
seat and will exploit the
weakness of the free world
more than ever before.
Of course, he knows, as
does everybody else. that Ger
many has no more idea of
Evening star., 1961-11-09

NAPLES, Italy.-The news
Of the explosion of the So
plus-megaton Russian bomb
created little stir at the head
quarters of the Allied Forces
Southern Europe where Off
GERS of all NATO nations
form the staff of Admiral
Cat" Brown.
The bulk of the staff, Brit
ish, French, Italian, Turkish
and Greek. and. of course.
representatives of the three
American services. are real
lists. They cannot afford to be
otherwise. They knew that
the dirty bomb would be set
off-the Russians would not
spend money and time for l8
months for nothing. The staff
never shared the optimism of
the diplomats that United
Nations pleas would affect
the Moscow decision in the
slightest.
These military men know
that while politicians and
diplomats may be panicked
by the bomb, its effect on
Allied military strategy and
the ultimate result of an
East West conflict, is nil.
The allied force here is
ready for any eventuality.
Preparations for immediate
retaliatory action by the Po-
laris submarines, missile-car-
rying heavy cruisers and
other surface ships are such
that when the agreed sig
nal is received at the COM
mand post here, missiles
could be rained on the Soviet
Union within minutes with
such rapidity that Premier
Khrushchev would rue the
moment he dared to challenge
the power of the "decadent
capitalists"
1t may be that just be-
cause the Red boss and his
Evening star., 1961-11-09
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

Eisenhower cabinet member Mitchell loses the New
Jersey election cit doesn't ke's luser is fading
though 1t fact it proves conclusivey that won't rub
off at all.
British Prime Minister Macmillan calls for strength and
frmnesS with Imagination and reasonable attitude He's
beginning sound like the platform committee at Ameri
political convention
New York Democratic leaders NAV lose their jobs be-
cause they opposed Bob Wagner New York, only city
the world where you throw the rascas by
electng their partyS candidate.
Tribal warfare breaks out in Katanga It's strictly a
protocol dispute Both sides wanted to be the first have
the Peace Corps for dinner.
The international crisis has caught up with the sidewalk
Superintenden Bl-"What they putting up?" Fred
They aren't They're digging a 50story office building"
Evening star., 1961-11-09
CONSTANTINE BROWN
KhrushcheY Reops Terror Crop

starting a war than he has
of becoming an honest part
ner in the community of ma
tions. But he believes in beat
ing the iron while it is hot.
The easiest target - until he
meets the leaders of the West
at a summit meeting - is the
Nordic area. Finland was his
nearest prey. Hence, without
warning, he ordered the
Helsinki government. which
had successfully maintained
an honest neutrality since
the end Of the war to be-
come. in fact, another Rus
sian satellite. For, as far as
is known here, the suggested
defensive plan against Ger
man aggression" would pro-
vide for Russian forces to be
stationed on Finnish terri
tory or at least to have a
number of bases from which
they withdrew after Finland
finished paying her war in
IDENTITY to Russia.
But that is not all. Sweden
has also maintained neutral
ity, although the neutrality
favored the USSR. Such was
the case in 1889 when Russia
attacked Finland. British and
French troops were denied
passage through Sweden to go
to Finland's assistance.
Now the Stockholm gov
ernment, which has leaned
backward to remain abso-
lutely free of any entangle-
mentS with the NATO, is
fearful that it, too, will re-
ceive a Soviet note to join
Russia in common defense
against the aggressive Bonn
government" ."
Mr.. Khrushchev is not
interested in world opinion.
So long as the free nations
are terrified of his ruthless
ness he knows Russia will
gain more and more strength
over the free world. Shame is
not a word in the Communist
dictionary.
Evening star., 1961-11-09

moving story of great poig-
nancy, even though related
by Nikita Khrushchev.
In the summer of 1887 a
Gen. I. E. Yakir was shot,
along with the famed Mar
shall Tukhachovsky and other
members of the top COM
mand. Many Of the party
Stalwarts were also executed
in a Stain purge which. be-
fore it was done, took the
lives of several thousand and
sent even more to prison
and slow death. The trials
began in 1886 when Stain
charged a Trotsky plot.
According to the report
given the recently concluded
22d Communist Party Con-
gress. a letter from Gen.
Yakir was found in the
archives. 1t was addressed
to Stain. In it the general
profeSsed his lifelong loyal
ty: Il die" wrote the con-
demned man, with words Of
love for you, for the party
and the country, with unlim-
tied faith in the victory of
communism"
Alexander N. Shelepin.
who was a teen-ager at the
time of Gen. Yakir's death,
read the letter to the Con-
gress members. When he had
concluded he informed the
delegates that Stain had
penciled on the letter, "lout,
prostitute"
Mr.. KhruShchev then took
up the story. He told the
delegates that Gen. Yakir's
last words had been, Long
live the party. Long live
Stain" He further informed
the delegates that when in
formed Of this, Stain cursed
the dead man.
Then came a personal
statement from Mr.. Khru-
shcheV.
Evening star., 1961-11-09
RALPH McGILL
A Downgroding of Communism

Il knew Yakir WE'LL" he
said. This year in Alma Alta,
Yakir's son, who works in
Kazakhstan, came to me and
asked about his father. But
what could I tell him?"
What indeed? In those
years Nikita Khrushchev was
on the way up. He survived.
Whatever it cost him, he
paid. He Joined in the chorus
of constant praise for Stain.
When the son of his old
friend, working all these years
with the stigma of his fathers
condemnation as a traitor on
his career, came hopefully to
him seeking an explanation,
what could he say? In a
sense this small story. and
confession, is the most honest
statement we have ever had
from Nikita Khrushchev.
The picture we have of
Stain is one long known to
the West. The Russians just
now are learning.
What will the son of Gen.
Yakir now think? His father
was innocent. What will the
children think, whose par
ents were the thousands MUIR
dered on command of that
cruel and treacherous man
who was, for a quarter
century, an msistent god?
What bitter knowledge of
Stain did the young Intour-
iSt man have in his heart as
he talked to the Americans?
What motivated Mr.. Khru-
shchev himself to confess? He
has, in a sense, downgraded
all communism by his revela-
tions. He has set the young
men and women of Russia
and the satellites-to think
ing. There are other chap
ters to come and the explo-
sions of monstrouS bombs
will not halt them.
Evening star., 1961-11-09

You can't tell it by the
headlines, because they nee
eSsarily have to say whether
a Democrat or a Republican
won. but Tuesdays election
results as a whole have
brought gloom in private to
the Democrats and CORES
pondingly some unconcealed
announcement to Repub-
lican leaders throughout the
country.
When a Democrat wins the
governorship in New Jersey,
as happened this week. and
repeats a victory that the
Democratic Party won in the
States gubernatorial elec-
tionS in 1857 and 1858, it
doesn't cause much surprise
despite over-optimistic pre-
dictions on the Republican
side. But when the substantial
gain made by the Repub-
licanS since the previous
election is noted, it can only
mean that there is some kind
of revolution going on, cleo
torally speaking.
The formula applies
straight across the board
in New York City's mayor
atty contest, in New Jersey,
in Connecticut, in Ohio, in
Kentucky and in PennnSyl-
vania. Everywhere the Re-
publicans made marked gains
over their previous vote and
narrowed the margain be-
tween the two parties. This
could mean they will make
big gains next year in the
congressional elections.
The figures in this weeks
elections tell the story of a
Republican upsurge in voting
and a corresponding down.
ward trend for the Dem
ocrats.
Take New Jersey, for in
stance, where the Demo-
cratic nominee for Governor
won. Four years ago Gov.
Meyner, Democrat. won re-
election by an even bigger
vote than he polled in 1858.
His 1857 total was 1.101.130.
But this time the Democrat
got around l,080,000-a loss
of $1,000 votes - while the
Republican Party went from
897,32l in 1857 to around l.
040,000-a gain of more
than $4,000.
Take New York City's con-
Evening star., 1961-11-09
Upsurge in Republican Voting Viewed
As Siqn of on Electoral Revolution

test this week. Mayor Wag-
ner polled 1,234,533 votes,
but four years ago his total
was 273.000 more, and his
1857 majority of $4,000 was
cut this time to $4,000. The
Republican candidate for
mayor. on the other hand.
got approximately 250,000
more votes this week than
in 1857. There also were
32l.966 votes cast on Tues
day for an independent
Democratic candidate who
had fought the bosses.
Doubtless, many Of the votes
he received were a protest
against the scandals in the
Wagner regime and would
have gone to the Republican
candidate if the independent
had not chosen to run.
The story of Republican
gains is the same in Penn
Sylvania. where the Demo-
cratic machine in Philadel-
phia was able to produce for
the losing candidate for the
State Supreme Court-the
only Statewide conteSt-a
mere 10000 majority as COM
pared with the 100000 mar
gin it piled up for Mr.. Ken
nedy last year. In Philadel-
phia itself, the Democratic
city controller and the dis
trict attorney were returned
to office but by margins of
around $4,000 as against the
100000 edge predicted by the
head of the Democratic ma
chine. The Republicans,
moreover. ousted Democratic
mayors in 10 Pennsylvania
cities. including Erie and
Scranton, the latter long a
Democratic stronghold.
In Ohio. the Republicans
captured the city hall in
Youngstown, Canton, Warren
and Lorain, and took control
Of the city governments in
Columbus and Toledo. In
Kentucky. they won a sur
prising victory by electing
the first Republican mayor
of Louisville in % years and
sweeping other offices in
Jefferson County. In upstate
New York. they ousted the
Democratic mayor of Buffalo,
the States second largest
city, and made substantial
gains in other mayoralty con-
tests. In Connecticut, while
the Democrats retained con-
Evening star., 1961-11-09
RALPH McGILL
Khrushchev Story of a 1887 Execution
Seen Setting Young Russians Thinking

Premier Khrushchev's
confession" stirred a mem
ory:
Late one afternoon on one
of the days when former Vice
President Nixon was on his
official visit to Russia two
American reporters sat in the
all-but deserted cafe on the
30th floor of the Ukraina Ho-
tel in Moscow. They were
trying a bottle of the cham
pagne from the Republic of
Georgia, it being much less
sweet than that from other
areas. A young man of the
. Intourist party in charge of
transporting and housing the
Nixon party came into the
cafe and accepted an invita-
ton to Join the two reporters.
In the talk that followed,
he was somewhat impatient.
His theme was that the Rus
sia since StalinS death was
a new one. Those who had
seen only the Stain were
obsolete" That he did not
like Stain was plain. That
something from the years of
terror under Stain weighed
on him was an easy conclu-
sion.
He refused to be drawn into
any discussion of Stain, say
ing only that Stain had made
many mistakes. They would,
he said, be made known in
good time. This was at the
time when Pasternak's novel
DIR. Zhivago" was still in
the news. 1T will be printed
here" said the young man.
The subject irritated him.
There will be no announce
ment," he said, but one day
it will appear"
This young man comes to
mind on re-reading a section
Of the report from the de-
grading of Stain. 1t is a
Arizona sun., 1961-10-19
Expanded Intergraiion NAACP Pledge

white schools on August 18th, the
day of first grade registration, were
secured by the NAACP during a
two-day period.
All were assigned to Negro
schools.
Seventeen additional first-grad-
ers appealed for transfer to three
white schools, through the NAACP,
on September 9 and 10, according
to Mrs. Maxine A. Smith, eXecu-
tive secretary of the Memphis
branch.
p In all, AZ Negro pupils, through
their parents, appealed their as
signments to Negro schools. The
Board of Education then initiated
a routine" check on the accept
ability of the Negro first-graders:
Reading readiness and |. @.
examinations, taken individually,
were given all Negro firSt-graders
involved, at Board headquarters.
Their parents had to appear
for hearings at Board headquart-
erS.
Social workers made visits to
each Negro home concerned and
made reports to Board headquart-
erS.
Each group, parents and chill
dren, was accompanied by an MA
ACP official-the president, first
vice president, an attorney and the
executive secretary on the first
day.
"We are accompanying the chill
dren to and from school and will
continue to do so until we feel it
is no longer necessary, Mr.. Turn
er said.
School integration has occupied
a major portion Of the branch's
time since u. S. District Judge
Marion S. Boyd ruled against re-
quests for immediate desegration
last April IA.
Arizona sun., 1961-10-19
Los Angeles
Continued on Page Five)

Continued on Page Five)
appalled," at recurring reports
of beatings, shootings, and cold
blooded killings by Los Angeles po-
lice officers.
''The Negro citizens have great
difficulty in getting at this evil
because the system in Los Angeles
makes the Chief of Police almost
completely independent of the May
or or of any other elected official, !"
the NAACP speaker declared.
"This system allows the Police
Department to be the judge and
jury of its own personnel without
having to pay any attention to the
public.
"a familiar story is that of law
abiding Negros coming h o m e
at normal hours and being halted
by police squad cars and made to
stand against the wall with hands
raised until such questions as the
police choose to ask are answered.
These events have occurred with
out any crime having been report
ed in the neighborhood."
The Los Angeles NAACP is at
work on the problem through an
active policy brutality committee,
according to Edward Warren,
branch president.
Arizona sun., 1961-10-19
British Leaders
Continued from Page One)

Continued from Page One)
laun. John Baird, Anthony Green
wood. j. E. Owen, Leslie Plummer,
John Rankin, r. w. Sorensen, Step
hen Swingler, and Lord Faringdon,
Member of the House of Lords.
The petition noted that Braden
and wilkinson had cited the First
Amendment to the U. S. Constitu-
ton in refusing to cooperate with
the Un-American Activities Com
mittee and went on to say:
&C. Founded partly as it was
by those who fled from persecu-
ion and oppression in other coun-
tries, and who sought a new life
of freedom, the United States has
a profound heritage to uphold.
For this reason and because
of our own peoples ancient love
of liberty, we have been greatly
distressed by the continuance of
the activities of the Un-American
Activities Committee in imprison-
ing those whose crime, if such it
can be- called, has been their de-
termination to uphold the Consti-
tuition of the United States"
The petitioners asserted their be-
lief that Braden was jailed as a
result of his activities in support
of racial integration and Wilkin-
son because of his opposition to
the Un-American Activities Com
mittee and said the granting of
executive clemency would "help
to re-establish the faith of the rest
of the world in the United States
as true champion of liberty"
The petition was organized by
the Union of Democratic Control,
non-partisan British organiza
ton founded in 1914, which has
concerned itself chiefly with mat
ters of foreign policy, anti colonial
ism, and civil liberties.
Braden and Wilkinson started
serving one-year prison terms last
May l. They were cited for con-
tempt after they refused to CO.
operate with the House Un-Ameri-
can Activities Committee at hear
ings in Atlanta in 1858.
Thousands of outstanding Ameri-
can leaders have also asked that
they be granted executive Gle
mency, and petitions are now cir.
culating in several other foreign
countries.
Arizona sun., 1961-10-19
Mayor Sam
Continued from Page One)

tee Of persons from varied fields"
composed of 20 prominent citizens
all well informed about the con-
nectien of housing with health and
safety. sThe committee is headed
by Frederick Naumetz, general
manager of the Phoenix Cement Co.
The names of appointees are
thoroughly familiar to Phoenix citi-
zens. as people whom citizens of
ali groups can confidently trust
to make a wise unpolitical decision
On4the matter of a minimum hous-
ing code.
Negro citizens are represented
directly on the committee by Alton
Thomas, Managing Editor of the
ARIZONA SUN. He is probably
more thoroughly acquainted with
the Phoenix housing situation, as
it affects Negroes, than any one
else in Phoenix. The appointment
of this committee is bold stroke
by the candidate for mayor on the
Charter Government slate.