davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-25
Tanks Brought
To Wall AIonu
City Border
Buyonets Enforce
Entry to East but
Later Reds Score

OE4S444Ns wv 50 NAG = All
United States Army troops in
Berlin were placed on general
alert for six hours today in the
midst Of seesawing over the
right of Americans to enter
East Berlin. Ten United States
tanks were brought up to the
wall dividing the city.
At one stage the Army sent
troops with fixed bayonets into
East Berlin to enforce Ameri-
can insistence on the right of
American civilians to enter the
sector. Later the East Germans
turned back two American
sightseeing buses - and we're
allowed to get away with it.
the Army explained, because
women aboard the buses might
be imperiled.
The American commaNdant
in Berlin, Mai. Gen. AfNsF55
Watson II. drove to Soviet
headquarters in East Berlin to
discuss the border flare-up and
spent more than an hour with
the Soviet commandant, Col.
Andrei I. Solovyev. The East
German police made no at
tempt to stop Gen. watson's
car. even as it passed the two
buses, then still blocked at the
Communist control point.
East Berlin border guards
stepped aside when armed
United States military police
escorted an American civilian
car into the Communist sector.
A few hours later the guards
refused entry to two United
States Army sightseeing buses
which had no armed escort.
Buses Turned Back
The buses turned back to
West Berlin near a spot where
American tanks and armored
personnel carriers were sta
toned with guns pointed at the
East German police.
The East German police held
up the buses carrying United
States military personnel and
civilians for more than an hour
demanding that the officer in
charge identify his passengers
to authorities of the Communist
East German regime. The
American officer refused.
In an earlier incident the
East Germans refused to allow
two American civilians in an
army-licensed private car to
pass through the checkpoint
without Identification. But the
United States command ignored
the East Germans and sent the
car through with the armed
escort in assertion of Allied
rights to free movement IN
Berlin.
U. S. Makes Gesture
Then, in a gesture of con-
Citation, the United States
said it was Tempo
rarily restricting the passage OF
civilian vehicles into
East Berlin.
The announced American re-
striction on movements to East
Berlin apparently applied only
TO civilian vehicles. The buses
we're United States Army We.
nicles carrying military per-
sonnet, although there were
about 20 persons in civilian
clothes, including two women,
in the lead bus. The second bus
had about six passengers in
United States Air Force uni
forms. =
Both the United States and
Britain moved tanks up to the
border in a show of force during
The day.
An American spokesman said
all United States troops in Ber-
in were on a general alert for
See BERLIN, Page AS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-25
U. 5. Prepares
Atomic Blast
1,2OOFt. Deep
All in U. NJ, Reds
Included, Invited
To Watch Test
BY CECIL HOLLAND
Star staff Writer

President Kennedy an
nounced today he has approved
an underground nuclear ex-
pertinent on peaceful uses of
atomic energy and said OBJ
servers from interested United
Nations countries" will be well
come.
The experiment known as
Project Gnome, will be the
Top Scientist Doubts Atomic Tests
Will End. Poee AS
first nuclear explosion in the
"plowshare program to develop
peaceful uses for nuclear ex-
plosions. The program has been
under way since March, 1860.
The experiment, the White
House said, will involve deto-
nation of a nuclear device 1900
feet underground in the salt
formation near Carlsbad, N.
Mex. No date for the test has
been fixed but the White House
said it would likely take place
within so days.
No Bar On Russians
Press Secretary Pierre Salin-
ger was asked if the Presidents
statement meant that Soviet
Russia, which has conducted
all its nuclear tests in secret.
would be included among the
interested United Nations coun-
tries that would be allowed 10
send observers.
Mr.. Salinger at first referred
the specific question to the
Atomic Energy Commission.
but later both he and the Acc
said there would be no reser-
vations and that any United
Nations country would be well
come to send observers.
The President said news rep
resentatives and scientific OBJ
servers also would be welcome
at the test.
This is a further example
Of this country's desire to turn
the power Of the atom to mans
welfare rather than his destruc-
ton" the President said.
Detectives Listed
The White House said the
multiple purpose experiment
was designed to provide scien-
tific and technical information
on these matters:
/. The possibility of recover
ing useful power from the heat
generated by a nuclear ex-
plosion.
2. The feasibility of recover
ing commercially or scientifical-
ly valuable isotopes produces by
such explosions.
8. Neutron physics and other
scientific theory.
4. Effects of a nuclear ex-
ploSion in salt.
5. Design principles useful in
developing nuclear explosive
devices specifically for peace
full purposes.
The United States since re-
Stunning nuclear underground
testing has conducted a number
of tests involving weapons. The
testing was resumed after So
Wet Russia began testing in
the atmosphere of nuclear de-
vices ranging up to the equiva-
lent of millions of tons of TINT.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-25
THE WEATuED, Full Report
Jill "HHiIHLN' on Pose b.

District and vicinity - Becoming cloudy
with low near 81 tonight. Tomorrow mild
with showers followed by clearing. High
and low of last "a hours: High, SO, at
pm. today; low. As, at ITO am today
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-03-16
The Manager's Budget

Mason A. Butcher once again has shown his skill
an administrator He has submitted to the County
Council record general County operations budget of
some $50 million with no increase in the tax rate. His
tax rate, that is And this doesn't include the ire
mendous school budget.
OF course, Mr.. Butcher did not do this with
mirrors An additional increase of sol million the
assessabe base, plus additions in individual assess
ments, helped to offset the reorganzaonal expenses
and the extra expenditures needed due to additional
growth.
There are many persons in the county who have
seen the tax rate go upward still upward They had
high hopes Mr. Butcher would start the economy ball
rolling by effecting few economies in the county
government
There are definite indications that the present
County Council is quite of the growing anxiety
among the taxpayers rising costs and it is
guess that the Council has chosen this year to hold the
line as much as possible.
1t is evident that Mr.. Butcher made up his budget
after careful study Furthermore his budget appears
to be fairly tight far administrative needs
concerned Now is up to the County Council to hold
that line or cut back little.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-03-16
RIMES
of the
TIMES
st. Patrick's Day

Here's to st. Patrick's sham
rock green And to the
Emerald Isle Killarney and
its lakes of blue A colleen's
fetching smile The Irish
possess the gift of CAB A
charm quite all their own
There's not a one who won't
deny He's kissed the Blarney
Stone They're never fearful
of a fight I. But readily make
friends They won't be push
ed and won't push you Are
quick to make amends
They're boon companions to the
world :. Love God and all the
Saints Good Citizens who
keep the laws Don't often
voice complaints I love the
Irish, yes, everyone Fl. They're
gay, have charm, are frisky
And furthermore, I love them
fol The way they make
Irish whiskey!
Richard Hobart
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-03-16

May I take this opportunity
to thank you and your staff
for revealing to the public and
particularly to the teachers the
real circumstances surrounding
the denial by the Rockville Zon-
ing Board of the special excep-
ton sought by MEGA in conHec-
ton with the Bulls property.
The report in our Educator"
laid the blame upon "misinform-
ed people who objected to
MCEA's application. Talk about
misinformed people! The read
ers of our Educator are about
as "misinformed" as you can
get, and Mr.. Simonds allegation
in the application that MEGA
is an "eleemosynary and phil
anthropic organization" falls in
to the category of laughable.
I'm happy that the Rockville
Board clearly demonstrated to
Mr.. Simonds and his cohorts
that they can think for them
selves. Isn't it a shame that
members of MEGA can't do the
same?
A Grateful Teacher
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-03-16
Richord Montgomery High

Long live Richard Montgomery High School.
Be off, we say, to all of who limited that it
might be wise to change the of RockvilIes high
school from the Richard Montgomery High School to
just good old Rockville High.
delegation of students from the Richard Mont
gonery High School stormed into the office with
petition signed by than 300 students of this proud
high school, And these signatures were signed in less
than "a hours. These kids meant business
I'VE, the students of Richard Montgomery High
School, feel that the movement to change the name of
our school to Rockville High School should be left en-
tirely up to the student body We think the name of
oar school should NOT be changed for these reasons:
Il. Rockville High School would be confused with
Walter Johnson and Peary High Schools because all
of them would have Rockville mailing addresses.
-. Rockville Senior High might be confused with
the new Rockville Junior High.
g. The new county policy is to name schools
after famous personages why change horses in the
middle of the stream?
Il. If the School Board feels that Richard Mont
gomery is confused with Montgomery Blair or just
plain Blair and this is its only for changing the
school name let them change Blair's name because
RNF1S was built first.
IS. Montgomery County named after Rich
ard Montgomery SO why shouldn't the high school in
the county seat bear his name?
IS. The change of name would cause untold con-
fusion.
q. Finally, if the name Richard Montgomery is
good enough for u.s. it should be good enough for
Others"
Case won. The name is fine with us. Case closed.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-03-16
Byron's Column

Suppose you had 63acre farm on a dirt
had gone through all of the national hearings
in order to get a license for radio station
Then you come to Montgomery County-your
home county - and apply for special excep-
ton to the zoning ordinances in order to erect
a beautiful building plus other equipment
necessary for fulltime radio station. Then
the Board of Appeals grants an exception
with the following provisions:
l. The barbed wire fence surrounding the
entire tract = something like 115O feet by
2O1O feet must be set back 80 feet from
the property line.
2. In this 80 feet shrubs of sufficient
height and maturity must be planted to pro-
vide an adequate screening
What would you think?
We don't know what the applicants atti-
tude is concerning this decision but it seems
to point up reasons for apprehension among
lawyers and others anent procedures of the
Board of Appeals and some of the decisions
given by it.
On the face of it, this set of stipulations
seems way out" as our favorite girl Friday
would say.
Members of the Board of Appeals must
have seen radio station WGAY that John
Kluge and Joe Brechner established on Kemp
Mill Road some years ago. 1t is nothing one
would want to hide even now that houses
have been built near it. Other radio stations
in the county haven't detracted from land
values. Nor have they provided eye-sores
Therefore, it is perpIexing to understand
why the Board Of Appeals stipulated such m-
reasonable provisions to go along with the
granted exception. What explanation could
there be?
Of course, no one on the Board can dis
cuss a case until it has gone beyond the time
for appeal. But we would like to hear some
bright day the reasoning behind these stipu-
lations.
Anyone who has priced a little bush at
any nursery could imagine the cost of a
planting project called for by the Board of
Appeals Imagine buying enough trees and
bushes of sufficient height and maturity to
go around GO acres in a strip 30 feet wide.
Even a Guide would be staggered by the cost
of such project!
Particulars of this case and many others
moved to call Mrs. Mary Hepburn who is
the attractive, intelligent and persOnabIe
chairman of the Board. She is leader in
county and State Republican circles. She is
a great booster of Montgomery County.
Furthermore we are convinced she and
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-03-16
Development
RIGHTS Act

My attention has been called
to an article in your paper
by Delegate Blair Lee III, in
which he simultaneously de-
tends the Farmland Assessment
Act and expresses pride in the
Development Rights Act. This
is a remarkable attitude, since
the first measure will almost
completely nullify the second.
Let's get the facts straight.
Mr.. Lee introduced both meas
ures with the declared intention
of preserving open spaces.
The Farmland Assessment
Act exempts from taxation all
of the value of farmland that is
due to the possibility of develop
ing it. This Is supposed to save
open spaces by tightening the
tax burden that is helping to
drive farmers out of business.
This act, which is apparently
Mr.. Lees own brain child, has
been nothing but trouble. 1t has
been on the books in one form
or another for six years, but the
legislature is now in the process
of enacting it for the fourth
time, because earlier versions
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-03-16
An Opinion

Having just about completed
term on the County Grand
Jury, / feel entitled to comment
on the state of the law, even
as expounded in our Neighbor,
the District of Columbia, and
even as amplified by our au-
gust Supreme Court. Some re-
cent decisions remind me of the
story, probably apocryphal, cur
rent in the twenties, about the
juryman who refused to convict
a man, quite obviously guilty
of armed robbery, the juror
stating: This is free country,
and anybody has a right to stick
a guy up. Nobody has a right
to resist, that makes it self de-
tense for the crookw
Yours very truly
Ross C. Hurley
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-03-16
A Good Sign

The Chambers of Commerce in Montgomery
County have made thorough study Of the proposed
School Budget passed by the School Board and sent
to the County Council
Comment was made some time ago when there
indication that various business and professional
groups in the county proposed to analyze the School
Budget that the idea of intelligent constructive studies
was good one.
1t is believed the County Council will be interested
to know the details of this Independent survey Mem
bers of the Chambers of Commerce are just as inter-
ested in the educational methods and facilities as MEM
bers of the Parent Teachers Associations. However,
they might not be onesded Therefore, the report
should prove quite valuable.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-03-16
Federal School Aid

There is substantial justification for the deep
concern" expressed by the Montgomery County Board
of Education over President Kennedys proposals for
reduction in federal school aid to areas "mpacted"
by government activity.
Regardless of what some Congressman and other
government officials might say, the program of fed
era aid to schools in certain of the country is no
giant giveaway. 1t has been merely case of Uncle
Sans paying his way-or, to be accurate, por-
ton of his wayto compensate for the loss of vau-
able land and potential tax revenue in communities
that have become the site of extensive governmental
operations
Perhaps it wouldn't be accurate to say that Mont
gomery County has suffered from the effects of the
extended governmental program but it most certain
y has felt sharp impact. The federal operation is
directly related to the countys population surge and
the ensuing problem of providing classroom space to
meet the educational needs of constantly growing
school enrolment.
1t viii be argued, of course that the government
operations have given the countys economy shot in
the arm by providing new job opportunities and adding
substantially to the areas payroll The fact is,
though, that many Of those jobs-partcuary those
IN the upper salary bracketsare filled by transfers
from other offices, bringing to the county
10 add to Its population and educational problems
According to the latest figures, there are now Is
government properties in the county, with total as
sessed value of $169172360 If these properties were
subject to local taxation the school tax alone would
net the county $3,062020.
Yet barring approval of the reduction proposed
by President Kennedy the schools this year would
celve Sz1OOOOO from the present impacted area pro-
gram Does this look like giveaway?
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-03-16
Letters to the Sentinel

were found to have loopholes or
to be unconstitutional. The bill
now being considered is still a
bad one, for many reasons that
have been pointed out in past
debates. In addition. the bill
will actually make it more diff.
cult to preserve open spaces, for
reasons set forth below.
Last years Development
Rights Act, which Mr.. Lee cop.
led verbatim from a California
law, is good one. 1t authorizes
a county to buy the right to de-
velop a piece of land, leaving
the owner free to occupy it and
use it for farming or some 9TH
er low-intensity use. But no
county could afford to buy the
development rights to more
than a "tiny fraction" of the
land that needs to be preserved,
as Mr.. Lee admits. This law will
only preserve the large quanti-
ties of open spaces that we need
If landowners are willing to do
nate development rights. or to
sell them for a small sum. An
owner who really wants to keep
on farming is willing to do this
in California and other states
where land is taxed at its full
value, because his assessment
is automatically reduced when
he disposes of his development
rights. His land is thenceforth
assessed at its value in farm
use. The Farmland Assessment
Act would thus remove the
very incentive that makes the
California law work, by giving
landowners a tax reduction
without asking anything in re-
turn. They will hold onto their
development rights until land
prices go so high that the temp
tation to sell to developer is
overwhelming, The public will
then have no open spaces to
show for the tax money that it
has lost.
Mr.. Lee should amend the
Farmland Assessment Act to
Continued on Page A7)
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-03-16

The Patuxents and the Pisca-
taways in ha bited Prince
Georges County. The Patuxent
is a Seneca name. The An.
costians were related to the
Piscataways. The Susquehan-
nocks lived mostly in Pennsyl-
vania but they hunted in Mary
land. The Senecas invaded
Maryland in great number as
early as 1850. The Senecas
claimed that gold was mined
in the Sugar Loaf Mountain,
and gold has been found in
small quantities. The Shawnees
ana the Tuscaroras made slate
pendants, gorges and pipes
bowls. The Senecas used rock
shelters. Many fire pits have
been discovered where these
shelters have been located. Mr..
Spencer Geesey of Frederick
has found many such shelters
and caves in Frederick County.
We are looking for such shell
tiers and caves in the Sugar
Loaf Mountain Area where
these Senecas once roamed.
When the Conoys were de-
feated in 1914, they were COM
PEELED to move to a new site
near Point of Rocks. This site
was known as the "Conoy Viii
lage." The Piscataways were in
later years called the "Conoy",
and they We're Of Alquoquains
stock. They were cousins of
the Patuxents. The Conoy Viii
lage at Point of Rocks was To-
Gated on the Hickman Farm
where the present Industrial
Park of Frederick County is
now located. The Conoys placed
their dead on scaffolds until
the flesh rotted away and the
bones were easily removed and
cleaned.
The Senecas hunted between
the Patuxent River and Broad
Run Creek. Capt. Richard
Brightwell explored the head
waters of the Patuxent in order
to check on the Senecas move
ments. The Rangers and the
Maryland Militia finally de.
feated the Senecas along the
Potomac near the mouth of
Seneca Creek on September 25,
1915. The previous battle
grounds were located around
the Great Falls. The Conoys,
Shawnees, as well as the Seneca
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-03-16
Maryland Appointments

Governor j. Willard Tawes must think of
Maryland Democrats as being just those old
cronies of his.
He was reported to have said that Mary
land Democratic leaders are dissatisfied with
the appointment of Maryland Democrats in
the Kennedy Administration
Let's look at some of the appointments
of Maryland Democrats.
Eugene Zuclkert of Bethesda is Secretary
of the Air Force. Burke Marshall has been
made an Assistant Attorney General. DIR.
Terry of Rockville Is the new Surgeon Gen
eraI. David Bruce has been claimed as a
Marylander. Roger Tubby, Asst. Secretary of
State, lived in Maryland for Ii years. Mike
MonrOney, jr. is Marylander having lived
here and having worked for the county gov
eminent. Then, Of course, there is Darwin
StOlzenbach, the new Transportation Author.
ity Administrator. However, this latest ap.
pointment came from some DC. Democrats.
We're afraid Governor Tawes and his bud.
dies will have to begin to recognize that
there are other important Democrats in the
State of Maryland other than those on the
Eastern Shore Baltimore or Annapolis.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-03-16
History Of Indians
In Our Counties

When Captain John Smith
sailed the Chesapeake, he en-
countered the Susquehannocks
living in the Upper Bay Region.
When he sailed the Upper Po-
tonac, he found the Piscata-
ways living at a village near
the mouth of the Piscataway
Greek. Later, Captain Henry
Fleete sailed the Potomac to
the Great Falls in 1921. He was
captured by the Senecas who
held him prisoner at their camp
site which was located at the
headwater of Little Monocacy.
He was held prisoner for three
years. He learned to speak
their language and secure d
some gold ornaments from
them. He gave these gifts to
the Governor of Maryland who
rewarded him with a grant OF
land on St. Inigoes Creek in st.
Mary's County. Capt. Fleete
often w ched the Senecas
dance around their camp fires.
He claimed that they possess
powdered gold, precious stones
and black fox skins. He claimed
that they mined the gold in the
nearby mountain. Gold is found
in Montgomery County but
these mines have never been To-
Gated. When Fleete was re-
leased, he returned to Virginia
in 1926. He claimed that the
Senecas were men of 6i2 feet
in statue. He claimed that
there were abundance of fish in
the Potomac, with plenty of
surgeons below the Great
Falls. These Senecas were fond
of sturgeon roe.
In 1910, the Piscataways
were a powerful tribe living at
the mouth of Piscataway Creek.
The Senecas of New York
State invaded Maryland via the
ways of connecting rivers. They
left their homes near Saranac
Lake and travelled in canoes
down the Susquehanna and up
the Juniata and then portage
over the mountain three miles
to the Conocheague and then
down the Potomac River. These
trips are recorded as early as
1868. The Senecas were large
type of men and very warlike
Some called them the Iroquois
They caused much terror
among the local Maryland
tribes.