davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-02-04
How Much Should Our Government Tell Us?

International activities in
both the Truman and Eisen-
hover Administrations. And
q doctors dissertation has
been written on the "co-or-
dination" practiced by the
Administration during the
1858 Congressional campaign.
What is tending to make the
battle for mems minds" into
a crisis is the context-global
and national-within which
it is currently being waged.
If our people are better
educated today than ever be-
fore, the relative Importance
Of the Federal Government
as source, creator and dis
seminator Of information Is
far greater than ever before.
II our channels Of cornmuni-
cations are more efficient ana
more diversified, their de-
pendence upon governmental
guidance, advice and regula-
tion Is far greater. If our re-
porters and editors are better
trained, their access to the
policy-making sources Of an
intricate bureaucracy is more
limited, and this limitation
is only partially compensated
for by International special
lists, handouts and press con-
ferenceS with the man at
the top" II Americans have
learned the virtues Of inter-
national international ex-
changes, their Government
has also learned the need to
Evening star., 1961-02-04
TO Avert Midoir Collisions

It Is encouraging TO learn that the
search for q reliable device to prevent
midair collisions Of airplaneS is being
stepped up under sponsorship Of
an industry Government organization
known as the Collision Prevention
Advisory Group. This agency, nicknamed
COPAG, is seeking ways to avoid q
recurrence Of such o disaster as over
took the two big airlinerS in New York
City recently.
Actually, the hunt for an airborne
collision-avoidance device began in 1854,
when, according to the Air Transport
Association, ten Arms agreed to do
research and development in this safety
field. One, system actually was tried
out, but it proved to be unsatisfactory.
The general aim is to produce radar
set capable of warning a pilot Of the
approach Of another plane on a collision
course and Of telling him what evasion
maneuver to take to get out Of the
planes path.
The requirements for q successful
anticollision apparatus are staggering,
for, as the ATA points out, "the system
must continually gather data on all
aircraft in a vicinity, sort the data,
analyze a potential threat created by
each aircraft and, If necessary, predict
the evasive maneuver."
Despite the difflculties, the Federal
Aviation Agency and the aviation
industry, through COPAG, are pursuing
the search intensively with both Federal
and private funds. Having seen what
science and technology have done in
other fields, we have no doubt that
eventually the problem will be solved.
Evening star., 1961-02-04
and a Worninq

President Kennedy paid q we'll
mertted tribute to the career men and
women who serve the Government In
q multitude Of civilian Jobs, large and
small. At the same time, he let It be
known that the measure Of an employees
value will be the size Of the Job he does
not "the size Of his stan, his ONCE or
his budget" This is an encouraging
assurance to the rank-and-file Federal
worker who often feels that he is
neglected and unimportant because he
lacks title, big desk and a group Of
assistants.
... The Presidents discussion Of the
civil service in his State-of-the- Union
message thus constituted a warning to
self-serving bureaucrats who may seek
tobuild little empires Of their own with
In the executive departments. Mr.. Ken
nedy said rank or reputation will not
count-unlesS performance juStifleS
both. He also had a word of comfort for
employees "mufled In the moraSS Of COM
mitteeS, timidities and fictitious theories
Which have created q growing gap
between planning and reality" He wants
the thinking public servant to speak
out regarding problems he faces-and
he,called for criticisms when and where
juStined.
It will be interesting to see how this
new freedom for Government employees
works out In practice. It Is hard to over
come timidities born Of sad experience
with reprisals for speaking out too
frankly. The Federal establishment
certainly would benefit, however, from
suggestions and constructive criticisms
obtained from public servants dedicated
to the cause Of better government.
Evening star., 1961-02-04

limit and even suppress some
Of the information subject to
exchange on security grounds.
This, then, Is one Of the
great dilemmas confronting
the American democracy and
this Administration. John
Stuart Mill and Lord Bryce
wrote Of other epochs but are
we to assert that they were
wrong when they stated that
for all its emotional en-
tanglements-the democratic
political process Is neverthe-
less fundamentally q rational
one? Is there for this demo-
cracy any realistic alternative
to the principle that govern
ment must lead by informing
so that the people can act ra-
tionally upon being informed?
The challenge Of Commu-
mist power and theology Is
very real indeed. But that
implicit In development Of q
sane governmental domestic
information policy is no less
real. The Kennedy Admins
tration's ability to walk the
tightrope between national
security and political realism
on one hand and the public'S
right and need to know on
the other will have q very
direct bearing on the future
Of the American democracy.
Edward M. Click, Ph.D.
Editor and Publisher,
Medical Hospital
Research Digest.
Evening star., 1961-02-04
DuteIine Lake City

Due notice has been taken earlier
Of the fact that the Farm States did not
revolt" last November 8, as predicted
In some quarters, against the policies
Of Republican Secretary Of Agriculture
Ezra Taft Benson. It is not unreasonable,
indeed, to interpret their voting prefer
erce on that date as an expression Of
Endorsement for his calmly determined
eight-year effort to apply some common
sense to problem that has been kept
alive more by politicians than BY farmers
themselves.
It Is interesting now that Mr..
Benson, writing from Salt Lake City for
the North American Newspaper Alliance,
has expressed a feeling of reciprocal
good will and respect for those who were
50 long in his administrative jurisdiction.
American agriculture, he wrote, "is q
success story unparalleled IN our modern
economy .. we owe debt Of gratitude
to our farmers and ranchers."
But what Mr.. Benson says further
should be required reading for those
who probably will pay little attention.
Tinkering and tampering with the law
or supply and demand, he warns, Is no
solution to the economic problems In
agriculture, and Government storage Is
no market place for those who produce
the commodities that should go to
market. It has, Of course, been this
persistent tinkering and tampering, this
reliance upon Government storage and
ARTIFICIAL price structures, the prolonged
retention Of programs and policies
Initiated during times Of emergency and
meyer relinquished, that have helped SO
much to preserve a problem. Mr.. Benson
acknowledges that there are no simple
answers for the farm problem, but he
scores a real bull's-eye when he adds
that politics tends to make the finding
Of solutions more complex" This lesson
may be read. But, unhappily, we are
sure 1t will not be learned.
Evening star., 1961-02-04

The White House desire to
coordinate the dissemina-
ton Of Government informa-
ton to the domestic public,
the trend toward integrating
the o. s. Information Agency
program in q meaningful way
into the total policy-making
mechanism, and Senator
Goldwater's recent charge
that the Administration is
seeking to impose a gag
rule" on those who serve it
are all reflections Of a major
problem which could grow
into q crisis for this democ-
racy. Simply put-perhaps
too simply-the problem may
be defined by q question: Is
1t possible to assure the
American people adequate
information upon which to
base sound political decisions
while, at the same time, ex-
ercising a substantial meas
ure Of control over the con-
tent and release Of govern
mental information?
Actually the problem Is
not a new one. The highly
touted battle for mems
minds" has been going on in
more or less co-ordinated
fashion for O generation.
Charlie Nicholson had much
to say about the "co-ordina-
ton" practiced during the
Roosevelt Administration.
This writer has had personal
experience with co-ordinated
Evening star., 1961-02-04
RB-47 and U-2

Although ! am very happy
for the two surviving RB-4T
crewmen, I wonder what con.
ceSsionS President Kennedy
made to obtain their release.
Mr.. Kennedy made 1t clear
at q press conference that
the RB-47 flight over inter-
national waters and the U-2
flight over the territory of
the Soviet Union were in two
different categor1eS.
But the question arose as
to whether "they (the Rus
sianS) accepted a reinsurance
Of no more overflightS as an
exchange (for the release Of
the two men) ?" In answer to
this question, President Ken
nedy said that ':it u . fact
that I have ordered that the
flights not be resumed. which
is q continuation Of the or
der given by President Eisen-
hover in May Of last year."
This makes me wonder
when the nonresumption Or
der was given and why, II the
RB-47 flight and the U-2
flight are in two different
categories, President Kennedy
made mention Of the nonre-
sumption order while talking
about the flight of the RB-47.
Bill BrimacOmbe.
Evening star., 1961-02-04
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Evolutionary History of Brain
By THOMAS r. HENRI
The human brain has a lon,

The human brain has q long
evolutionary history from
crawling. creeping things.
Only in the divisions, fiS-
Surizations, Of the cerebral
cortex--the top Of the brain
which is the seat of higher
conSciousnesS-do the brains
Of primates, including man,
depart from the general line.
This is the substance Of q
report to the American As
sociation Of Physical Anthro-
biologists by Dr.. Charles r.
Norback Of Columbia. describ-
ing anatomical researches
supported by the United
States Public Health Service.
A major change far from
the beginning. says the re-
port. Is found with the
advent Of mammals. the class
Of which mans stands at the
head. Here first are found
structures like the medal
lemniscus, center of the SEN
sations of touch. vibration
and Judgment Of size and
weight: the pyramidal tract
through which pass the, nerve
stimuli for muscle motion.
and the pontine nucleus,
center for muscle coordina-
ton.
Brain Ancestors"
, These don't exist in the
fishes and barely in extant
amphibianS and reptiles.
They make their first ap-
pearance with the emergence
from the general stock of
the monotremes, or NAM
mails that lay and hatch
eggs, Of which there is only
a single extant representa-
tive. They continue, grow
ing more complex, in all
other living mammals.
It is generally assumed
that these monotremes
emerged from some long ex-
tinct mammal-like reptiles.
? There IL now no way Of
knowing anything about the
brain structure of these
creatures. They might be
considered mans remotest
brain ancestors"
The fissurization Of the
cortex appears in all man.
mails with large brains. It
splits the brain into lobes
like the frontal, occipital and
temporal-seats Of thought,
sight and hearing. This fold
ing apparently was neces-
sary to- squeeze the brain
into the skull.
The pattern, however. IL
quite different In the various
mammal lines and that char
Evening star., 1961-02-04
Chinese Puzzle

The matter Of o Red China
famine IL certainly confusing.
Either we are being hood
winked for some particular
reason, or the reporting is
faulty.
We read that the President
would be glad" to consider
Q request for food should the
request be made. On the other
hand we read that Red
China is continuing to export
some food products to Africa
and Cuba.
It has been reported In the
press that Red China pur-
chased 10000 tons Of wheat
ana flour from Australia,
and 1t u also reported that
representatives Of the Red
Chinese State Trading Corp.
are presently In Canada
negotiating for Canadian
wheat. All this has to bs
paid for in sterling. This
means foreign exchange.
Furthermore, We read that
Red China currently Is
negotiating with Ceylon to
increase last years rice trade
from 100, 900 to 230,000 tons
In order to obtain more
Ceylonese rubber" This 10 Q
very large barter deal for o
country supposed to be famine
stricken. This huge quantity
Of Chinese rice can feed
many starving people.
d there really O famine,
or is It some kind ofspropa-
ganda for reasons We fail to
fathom? .''. -,
One thing we must be sure
Of: should the United States
decide to feed hungry Com
munist China for free, In view
Of the above, we must insist
that her starving millions are
made aware that such food
Is supplied by the people Of
the United States.
Hns.s.Sav. NJ VnaaA~
Evening star., 1961-02-04

An article in The Evening
Star on January 1S states:
a.. The United States also
might have objections be-
cause Communist China was
named by Cambodia as one
Of the participants. The Cam
bodian suggestion has been
viewed here IS an attempt to
extract early de fact0 recog-
milton Of Communist China
by the incoming Kennedy
administration" I make
haste to assure you that there
is no desire, and indeed no
hidden intention whatsoever,
on the part Of the Cam
bodian government In making
this proposal to extract, as
you say. o de facto recogni-
ton Of Peoples China by the
United States. Such an at
tempt on the part Of my
government iS out Of the
question.
May I also respectfully
point out that on many oc-
casions the representatives Of
the United States have sat
across the conference table
from representatives Of Peo-
pies China-aS at the Ge-
neva Conference in 1854, and
at other conferences both at
Geneva and Warsaw? There
has, however. never been any
question Of the subsequent
recognition Of Peoples China
by the United States.
There exists today In the
field Of international rela-
tions an ill-defined situation
where representatives Of two
nations may meet and talk
and where. in some instances,
there has been neither de
jure nor subsequent de facto
recognition Of one govern
menE by the other. ,..
I do feel. therefore, that I
must emphasize that there Is
no basis for attributing any
hidden intention to an en-
tirely impartial proposal
made by the Cambodian
government purely in the in
terestS Of world peace.
NOng Kimny,
Ambassador Of Cambodia.
Evening star., 1961-02-04
War and Peace
As one long active Ia sur

As one long active In sup
port Of Q world governed by
statute law, I am delighted
to see the excellent letter Of
David Zwerdling, member,
United Nations Club, Mont
gomery Blair High School,
Silver Spring, appearing in
The Star.
Mr.. Zwerdling, after pre-
senting . remarkably clear
synthesis Of the basic re-
quirements for o system Of
enforceable, universal dis
armament, urges his fellow
teen-agerS to begin now to
inform themselves. and to
make genuine efforts to
arouse public opinion and
understanding Of this vital
subject.
Mr.. Kennedy. In his In
augural address, seems to
have set the stage for pre-
cisely this sort Of citizen re-
Sponse. It was especially
heartening to hear the new
President say, Let both
sides, for the first time,
formulate serious and precise
proposals for the inspection
and control Of aTmS-and
bring the absolute power to
destroy other nations under
the absolute control Of all
nations"
This statement may come
as q shock to many who have
long thought that this Gov
ernHnent was doing precisely
what Mr.. Kennedy has urged
that 1t do "for the first
time" It Is good to hear the
head Of Government say that
serious and precise proposals
for inspection and control
have yet to be made by
either side. This, It seems to
many Of US, is what should
have been said TO Mr.. Khru-
shchev when he made his bid
for universal disarmament in
four years, before the Cen
eral Assembly of'the United
Nations.
Again, when the President
said that the task would not
be done in o hundred days,
nor o, thousand, nor in the
lifetime Of his Administra-
ton. or even perhaps in the
lifetime Of this generation.
his final exhortation rang all
the more clear-"But let us
begin" .,,t
Young Mr.. Zwerdling Is to
be commended for doing his
citizen-share toward that be-
ginning. May his tribe in
crease!
Mary-Stuart Chamberlain
D
We are risking worldwide
death and destruction
through complete prepared
ness for war: this includes
Russia and all other coun-
tries participating In the
arms race. There will be no
allowance for human error.
any mistake in radar track
ing stations or launching
platforms could send the
world into its last war.
War is not the only solu-
ton to communism or any
other form Of socialistic gov
ernment: you can't change a
Evening star., 1961-02-04

acteristic Of the human
brain appears, only with the
first primates. from whom 1t
has evolved into the ex.
tremely complex one Of man.
Within the line. however,
the development has been in
regular order from the low
LEST monkeys.
All the earlier mammals,
DR.. Norback pointed, out, had
So-called "lisencephic" brains.
The cortex Of their brains
was essentially sm Doth.
There was little difference
from genus to genus. From
these gmooth-brained crea-
lures various lines branched
off and developed. The cor
tex grew, perhaps in response
to the needs of more COM
plex ways Of life. These diff
fered in various lines. Dif-
ferent parts Of the cortex
evolved faster than others
and the necessary folding
took place accordingly.
Brain PLASTIC"
Only the monkey race has
started out on the way that
was to reach its ultimate,
for the time at least, in
human beings. The cortex
folded accordingly.
From the study a. Q whole
comes the concept Of the re-
markable ability Of the brain.
compared with other body
organs. to adapt itself in
structure and function to
needs. The brain, he says, "is
probably the most plastic
structure in the animal
kingdom.
Mature Is not static. The
human brain, If man sur
wives, will probably continue
to change over the millions
Of years to come. This past
seems to attest this concept"
Evening star., 1961-02-04
THE POLITICAL MILL
twenty-five Republican Heroes or?
BY GOULD LINCOLN

assured that the House mem-
bers viii come to early votes
on medical aid for the aged,
an increase In the minimum
wage from 81 to 41.25 an
hour. school construction and
teachers salaries with Fed
eral aid, increases in social
security benefits, and in
creaseS In the period Of un-
employment insurance pay.
ments. Federal aid for de-
pressed areas, and speeding
up the highway construction
programs. Republicans and
Democrats alike will be called
upon to stand and be counted
on these proposals. The Re-
publican leadership plans to
support such measures % ap-
pear wiSe-depending In large
part on scope and extent e
well Is cost. It also plans to
offer substitutes for those
bills which It believes 60 too
far, endangering the econ
omy. The leadership be-
lieves the q. o. P. In Congress
would have been In better
position to do constructive
work on these legislative pro-
posals had the Rayburn pro-
posal been defeated.
View Of Liberals
The other view, held by
liberal Republicans in both
House and Senate, Il that the
g. Q. P. should not put itself
in the position Of voting
against q change In the Rules
Committee which h was de-
signed to assure consideration
on the House floor Of all the
Kennedy programs -af ter
these progra Q 8 had been
considered and reported BY
standing committees Of the
House. To do so. the liberals
felt would be to label the
COP. q party Of obstruction.
They contend the Republican
members Of the House win
have opportunity to vote
against measures in which
they do not believe when
these measures do reach the
f1oor-and they would have
reached the floor in all prob
ability whether the Rules
Com mittee had been en-
larged or not.
Indeed, the ~ members who
supported the Rayburn reso-
luton are reported to be
elated over their action and
the success Of the resolution.
They feel they showed 0
sense Of party responsibility.
They say, too. that they be-
lieve the standing commit
tees Of the House will feel
greater responsibility In writ
ing up bills. That in the past
too many Of the committees
have been willing to send
along measures sponsored by
pressure groups, sound or un-
sound. knowing that the
Rules Committee was there
to block the unsound. Under
the changed conditions, the
standing com mite 0 and
their chairmen win have TO
be more careful.
Nor do these Republicans
believe that the long time
coalition with the more con-
servative Democrats, resporlS-
ible for checking or defeat
ing legislation they consider
unwise, win now be weak
ened because Of the Rayburn-
Kennedy victory in the House.
On the contrary. they feel
that the so-called coalition
win be more alert than ever.
Evening star., 1961-02-04
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used u
letters carry icriters' correct
names and addresses. All let
ters are subject to coHdeHSG-
tioH. Those not used 1Uill Be
returned only iDhen accom-
panied BY self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-02-04

@. Why do different va
rieties Of coffee vary so
much in flavor?-S.D.
A. A considerable varia-
tion in the coffee results
from climate and soil con-
ditions. The greatest Diff
ferenceS are produced by
altitude. The greater the
altitude. up to the limit Of
cultivation, the milder the
product.
Evening star., 1961-02-04

mans view on what type Of
government he likes by
punching him in the nose:
this will only prove who is
stronger, not who Is right.
Any sensible person would
realize that war in this age
and future age Of devastating
weapons, would only make
the earth into an image Of
the moon. lifeless and full
of craters. .
II democracy can't with
stand communism peaceably
through disarmament, then
war would only be q means
Of evasion or suicide.
John 8. Crockett, JF.
Evening star., 1961-02-04
Answers to Questions
By THE HASKTNS SERVICE

A reader can get an answer, By
mail, to any question Of fact By
writing The Star Information Bu-
reau, 635 F street NV, Washington
4, D. C. Please inclose return post
age or self-addressed, stamped