davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-02-26
Renewed Vigorin Congress Drive
To Enact Legislation for Parks

more land for public recreational
use. particularly beach areas.
Along the 3.700-mile coast Of 10
Atlantic and Gulf Coast States
only 270 miles are set aside for
public use.
Suburbia with its split levels and
ramblers-is eating into the po-
tential park areas. too. But the
idea to make Suburbia vertical
(raInblers into skyscrapers) in
stead Of horizontal may not
get far.
Interior Secretary Udall may
have started machinery for
greater acquisition Of land for
State and Federal recreation use
by his recent moratorium on pub
lie land sales. Spectators have
been grabbing up too much that
might better be used for the public
good.
Establishment Of q youth con-
servation corps could also help to
reclaim and develop land for many
good uses.
Mr.. Udall Is also re-exaInining
the thorny problem confronting
Mission 66 in developing our 90
national parks so they can take
care Of 80 million persons by 1866.
Today about one third that num-
Der visit the parks. The charge
has been made that the parks are
being overdeveloped to take care
Of people at the price Of impairing
= nature. Lodgings. ski lifts and
other fun and comfort aids belong
nearer the gates. not deep inside,
some critics say.
The Secretary is faced. too, with
working out a policy in regard to
wildlife that will meet the objec-
tons Of those who fear that the
Predator Control Division Of Fish
and Wildlife is destroying too
many Of our foxes. golden eagles,
coyotes. AS a result-due to
stockmen's insistence-tlle balance
Of nature is off kiIter. Also the
policy Of public hunting within
some wildlife refugees and satlctu-
aries is questioned.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-02-26

Jokes have a way of thriving
even under dictatorship - or
perhaps especially under die
tatOrship. At any rate, follow
ing are samples Of jokes that
were being circulated in Com
munist East Germany recently:
In a Mecklenburg school. teacher
asks the pupils to show that they
know the meaning of the term
"mournful event." by giving ex-
amples. One little girl raises her
hand hopefully and says: Its
when my pocket-money is lost or
stolen!" NO" says the teacher,
that would be called a loss"
Next. a little boy speaks up: "It's
when the chickens eat our growing
lettuce" mo" said the teacher,
that would be called a damage"
After a pause, a third child
guesses: Perhaps If Ulbricht
dies?" Correct" says the BEAM
ing teacher, "You see, that would
be neither a loss nor damage"
At q railway station, two men
are passing the time as they wait
for train. Mumbles one: whats
the difference between this sta
ton and Ulbricht?" Nov just
what do you mean by that?" says
the other. We'll" says the first,
1.-The difference is that this station
will stay right here, but some day
Ulbricht will have to CO." Very
funny indeed" says the second,
"but can you tell me the difference
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-02-26

passed in 1854, is one mechanism
for doing this, We can Use our
vast SURPRISES either as a weapon
in the cold war or to develop
backward nations to a point where
they can help themselves. We can
store vast quantities in places
where they can be protected from
fallout both in this country and
abroad. A strategic reserve is
all-important. 1 felt this in 1899.
I feel 1t many times as strongly
in 1861.
Lastly. looking ahead 10 years,
I feel that all Secretaries of Agri-
culture will have to recognize that
Government is in the agricultural
business to stay. I do not like it.
Farmers do not like 1t. But how
are farmers to get equality of bar
gaining power without help from
the Government? The bargaining
power Of both corporations and
labor comes largely from Govern
ment.
If minimum wages are guar
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-02-26

so what do you want-you don't
know my crowd, don't know your
crowd-what's that got to do with
joining the party?" 90
In an East Berlin politicar-1
training course, a party official
is holding forth on the signifi-
canoe of Marx. His listeners doze.
through the two-hour session.
Having finished his lecture, the
speaker asks: Are there any
questions?" A hesitating, sleepy
voice is heard from the audience:
We'll, I guess 1 understood almost
everything. But after all you've.
said there's just one little thing l.
can't figure out Would you tell
me: Is there or isn't there life on
MaAS' '.eN
A Leipzig man arrives home uli--
expectedly at noon. He rings the
doorbell several times, but his.
wife doesn't answer 1t. So he.
fishes out his door key and walks
in. Inside he finds a stranger
making love to his wife. The
blood rushes to his face, and he.
screams: How can you be fooling.4
around here when there are
lemons on sale at the H-O store!"
(From The Bulletin, q weekly
survey of German affairs issued BY o
the Press and Information Offices
of the German Federal Govern-u
ment.) re
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-02-26

the ideal national policy, no one
interest would be developed to
the detriment Of the other. Such
q policy. is now In effect for the
Forest Service.
Who Would Administer II?
But this concept leads to the
question: Who would administer
this policy?
Experts are divided. Kennedy,
during the campaign, favored q
Council Of Resource and Con-
servation Advisors in the Office
Of the President. It would work
with Q Joint Congressional Com
mittee. A bipartisan bill, with 80
co-sponsors. has been introduced
in Congress.
There are others who believe
that the national interest would
best be served by q natural re-
sources department. But this
would mean taking power away
from other arms Of Government
reluctant to part with 1t.
Nevertheless the passing of the
coordination problem by Mr..
Kennedy to his already made-up
Council Of Economic Advisers and
a special advisory committee-in-
GLIDING concerned Federal depart
ment and agency heads-may be
the first step toward the proposal
Of such q department. The Presi-
dent. at any rate. believes this
approach would have more teeth
than the one he made during the
campaign.
But whoever or whatever the
co-ordinator, people still pose the
problem. And the North American
Wildlife and Natural Resources
Conference. meeting here March
5-S. recognizes this. Its theme:
Planning for Population Pres
silres."
The problem that increases
every day has been reduced to
an equation by the Forest Serv.
ice: More people plus more money,
leisure, mobility equals more de-
mand.
The first task, clearly, is to find
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-02-26

time where his own ANONYMITY can
flourish so he can live as poet.
When. three years ago, he re-
turned quietly to his own country
he refused interviews or personal
publicity. and the mystery closed
down again around him like a
sea fog, until 1t was lifted for a
moment by the announcement Of
the Nobel Prize last October.
Sense Of Freedom
Perse is a complex personality.
full Of contrasts, of apparent
contradictions. A French critic
speaks Of him as man Of silence
and man Of language: man Of
power and man of REIMBURSEMENT;
man Of culture and man of the
elements" He is an intellectual
with an exact memory for detail.
He Is curious about life-Specu-
lative, original, pursuing exhaus-
lively a path taken. But his rich
storehouse of information does not
hamper a fresh Imagination, ar
dent. subtle. detached. He moves
in an orbit Of his own, closely
linked to the rhythms OF the cos
mic world, its animals, skies,
winds, waters and the changing
seasons. He describes himself as
"an animal essentially French, q
clay essentially French" He Is a
product Of French culture ana
civilization. But he is unlike the
French in his dismissal of the
past and his belief in the future.
He does not take life logically or
shrug his shoulders in the face Of
q problem, in traditional Gallo
manner. He is intolerant before
too much reverence for what has
been. He evokes the symbols Of
the past in his poems for the
power they lend to the present.
He does not fear the Atomic Age.
His time is now, high noon, today:
Moon. its people, its strong laws.
-. The bird vast as its circle sees
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-02-26

interest groups than with the
Presidents program as set forth
in either legislative requests or
budget askings. Sometimes there
is discord even in the cabinet fam
lily. The cross currents probably
put the Secretary Of Agriculture
in more uncomfortable and diff
cult positions than any other
cabinet officer. He must balance
off a large number Of conflicting
forces. He usually ends up by
pleasing no one completely.
There have been many, many
changes since I ceased being Sec
rotary of Agriculture in 1910.
First the war made temporarily
irrelevant my ever normal granary
legislation of 1888 which was
based on crop loans at 50 to IS
per cent of parity. Great war
needs rapidly used UP the supplies
accumulated In the ever normal
granary and the farmers were as
cu1 GU Vi O BOO0 PALCC AOA CNC1Jo
thing they raised. The farmers
responded so terrifically-partly
because Of price incentive, partly
because Of patriotism and largely
because Of very rapid improve
ments in seed, fertilizer, machinery
and rllanagement-that postwar
surpluSes rapidly accumulated.
When left the agricultural post
in 1910 one worker on the land
could support 10 people. Today
one farm worker can support IS
people. In other words farm
workers since 1910 have been in
creasing their efficiency at the
rate of 4.3 per cent year. For
the so years before 1910 farm
worker efficiency increased at the
rate Of only IL per cent annually.
Population in the United States Of
America and the world at the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-02-26

man free of his shadow, at the
limit of his veal"
This sense of freedom is what
endears America to him-some-
thing here as yet undeveloped, a
fresh experiment in living. He
likes strength, and is attracted by
certain kinds Of crudity. A fervent
botanist, he cherishes trees, is in
different to flowers. He is critical
of America when she falls below
standard which he holds in his
image of her, as a friendly rela-
tive is both affectionate and crit
ical. He never fails to be i'm
pressed by American kindness
and generosity. and their enthu-
siasm about another's success. 1t
is happy circumstance that the
American qualities he admires are
exemplified in his wife, with her
tall, slender beauty and practical
competence for modern living.
She has both intelligence and
charm in the two languages.
"A Man Of SiIences'
A great talker and raconteur,
Leger is also man Of silences, his
mouth forever closed over the
leaf Of the SOUL" One senses the
stream Of creative power that flows
through him. He breaks 1t by OUT
door activity. Physically strong, he
has the mountain climbers lungs,
the swimmers endurance, and the
long sight of q man who has con-
Stantly sailed boats. Games bore
him. He is a country man of a
sturdy past generation. He has
little mechanical ability and does
not drive a car.
He does not. like cities; but a
touch Of animal life can redeem
for him a barren urban outlook.
His first acceptance Of Washing
ton came after watching two
circling vultures over the rooftops,
who held the town under the
charm Of their grand manners"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-02-26

anteed, farmers will insist on
minimum prices. They will never
get parity of income as defined
during the campaign. If they
could be sure Of half that amount
year in and year out they would
be lucky. AS long as there are
subsidies direct or indirect either
Of power or money to non-farm
groups. farmers will want their
equalizer. The Secretary Of Agri~
culture in the future will be sub
ject to greater pulling and hauling
than any previous Secretary.
There will be many conflicts as
many selfish interests collide. In
1885 we tried to reconcile these
conflicts county by county. State
by State, and region by region.
That might be we'll done again
against the background of 1861
realities.
What Will They Soy in 1899?
1t is quite possible that philos-
ophers and historians at the end
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-02-26
The Continuing Farm Problems A Wallace Solution

present time is increasing at the
rate of only 1.6 per cent annually.
No one can say that the American
farm worker is not doing his share
Of carrying the worlds burden.
Russio Very For Behind
The one large area where the
American genius for organization
and for efficient. hard work shines
forth most clearly In definite su-
periority over all other large ma
tons is in agriculture. Russia
will overtake US in many indus
trial fields before she begins to
catch up with us in agricultural
efficiency. Here we are supreme
and are likely to remain that way
for a long time. Where else can
one farm worker feed Is people
with abundant supplies Of good
food containing excellent proteinS
from animal sources as well as a
variety Of fruits and vegetables?
From the standpoint of health
most citizens Of the United States
Of America get too many calories
rather than too little. II they pay
too much that is not the farmers
fault. During the past IL years
farm net income has gone down
more than IS per cent whereas
non-farm income has gone up
more than so per cent. Prior to
World War II the income Of live
stock farmers went UP and down
almost precisely in step with the
total payrolls Of labor. Since 1916
payrolls Of labor have left live
stock farm income far. far be-
hind.
It Is much more difficult for a
Secretary Of Agriculture to sponsor
continuous wage increases for city
labor in 1861 than 1t was in 1885
or even 1916. The bargaining
power Of labor has outdiStanced
the bargaining power of the
A0A AACAs 4AAC S0P UCUWCCAA WhuV
the consumer pays and what the
farmer gets continually widens.
The Secretary Of Agriculture must
more and more appeal to the Sec
rotary Of Labor and labor leaders
for labor craftsmanship In the
general interest.
In 1892 agricultural Surpluses
were built up partly because Of
low purchasing power on the part
Of our unemployed and partly be-
cause Of unemployment overseas.
Today only q small part Of our
surplus is due to unemployment
at home. The SURPRISES accumu-
lated during the past 10 years are
due largely to rapidly expanding
technology.
Strategic Reserve Needed
The problem is to turn these
vast surpluses into d blessing in
stead Of O curse. Public law 480,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-02-26

of the year 1899, looking back ioaef
the Goth century as they prepare
to greet the 21st, will say: -.
"T'he United States of America
failed because she failed to under
stand the earth-shaking potenttalG
tiles in the nationalistic aspifa~
tions of the people in the crowded,
underdeveloped areas. She could +,
have used her agricultural surplus
and agricultural technology TO
have prevented much of that de-
structive violence which has,
stained the last four decades Of
the most bloody century In all
history. She did not bring to-
gether the best brains to meet that
problem and act accordingly. 80
The craftsmanship Of the SecS
retaries Of Agriculture and State
during the next three administers
tons will largely determine
whether or not this Judgment Of
doom will be passed upon our
beloved country. nv
North American Newspaper Alliance.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-02-26

to consult him do 20 privately and
personally. He Is generous with
his time to those in whom he
feels value for the future Of his
beloved France. or who share his
friendship for and belief In Amer
lea.
His relationship to America in
trigues the French. They do not
understand 1t. It has added an
other mystery to his personality,
for so long considered aloof and
unapproachable. In France, for
many years the identity Of poet
and diplomat was kept sepa-
rated. Since the war the diplo-
mat has been displaced by the
poet whose reputation has grown
steadily and widely, 90 that today
he Is known all over the world
through the magnificent poems
- "AnabaSe," Exile" Winds"
Scenarios" and now "Chro-
nique - volumes which have
brought to French literature q
new dimension and honor.
The term "AmericaniSrn,"
which is sometimes applied to
him includes the whole western
hemisphere. PerSe was born in
the Antilles. on o small coral is
land, st. Leger les FeuilleS, q
part Of Guadalupe. into Q Bur-
gundian French family whose
ancestors had settled there in
the 18th century. He spent his
childhood in that fabulous tropi-
cal country where he haunted
the wharfs to hear tales Of voy-
ages and observe strange cargoes,
held discourse with land crabs
and turtles like brown stars"
loved a horse" and woke and
slept In sound Of rhythmic
sea. an element which has never
been absent from his poems. At
the age Of IL he left the islands
forever. to take up his life in
France. His subsequent career
in the French government, his
diplomatic service In China, the
years In Paris and finally his
exile In 1910 when he would not
serve the collaborationist regime
Of Vichy. belong now to history.
An Avid Wonderer
Paul Claudel spoke Of Perse as
belonging to the West-the land
Of the setting sun toward which
turn q poets desires" But Perse's
desires have never turned toward
a particular place. He has been
q wanderer. avid TO see the
strangeness Of lands and people
living things amongst US, "bedu-
coup de chooses sur Ia terre a en-
tendre ct q Uoir. chooses VipGnts
pGrMls nouS!" What he asks for
himself is q width Of space and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-02-26

ate that the farm organizations,
many insurance companies and
even the United States Chamber
Of Commerce were behind me in
getting action legislation from the
Congress. I had fought for the
McNary- Haugen bill and its equal
ization fee when my father was
Secretary Of Agriculture. There
fore I was in close contact with
farm organization leaders.
These people looked on me as
special pleader for their cause.
But / felt had to be more than
that. Moreover, ! found what
every Secretary Of Agriculture
knows-that I had to reckon with
the Budget Bureau, with the
Secretary of State, with the
Secretary of the Treasury, with
the House and Senate committees
on agriculture and the House and
Senate subcommittee on agrd-
cultural appropriations.
Loyalty to President
And above all there Is the need
for loyalty to the Presidents over
all program. A Secretary soon dis
covers that Senators and Con-
gressmen often sympathize much
more with high-pressure. special
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-02-26
St. John Perse: An American View

The Washington Zoo is one Of his
haunts. where he finds animals
that belong to some of his travels,
like the Pere David deer, now
extinct in China.
He is warm and understanding
in friendship; to speak of someone
as humane is his highest praise.
He enjoys simple people: q Maine
forester. a Canadian fisherman,
men who are at work on the land.
We had gardner at Cape Cod, a
man with strong hands, bristling
red hair and twosgold teeth. Leger,
when he visited us there in the
summers, spent much time pruning
beach plum bushes, transplanting
grapevines, shifting small trees.
Red Frazier followed him like a
dog; and one day said to hina,
ok, Sonny Boy, well do it yctr
way" That night I protested to
Alexis mildly: "You really should
not let him talk like that, you
know" But Katrine, he is the
only person in the world who calls
me Sonny Boy'!" -
The Retort Poetic
He likes to tease his friends and
sometimes to mimic people he
finds pretentious. At one early
dinner in Washington he was next
to precieuse lady who, breaking
the st. Leger barrier. murmured,
Il know you are a poet. But I'm
not certain If T. s. Eliot trans
lated q poem Of yours, or whether
you translated a famous poem Of
his. Which is it," He told her thai
her second conjecture was cor
rect. 1--WE discussed Eliot's poem.
'AnabaSe,' throughout dinner"
For all his perceptive intuition,
he is thoroughly masculine-poslL
tive. obstinate, with definite likes
and prejudices. The theater bores
him more often than not, but he
likes movies. particularly West
erns," which have no tiresof1ie
psychological problems. He win
go to hear the Old Vic Company.
in Shakespeare for the sound, Of
the great language, and delights
in a bit of American folklore.
like Oklahoma" or Paint Your
Wagon"
For man who has so much
feeling. for color in words he ? Is
not particularly interested In
painting or the plastic arts as
such. Now that he has recovered
the possessions which the Maj
hooters left behind when they
raided his Paris apartment in the
war. his walls hold rememhrances
of the sea: Ships and maps, land
scapes and sketches, reminders OF
the East, embroiderieS 9roEA
China, a serene Bodissatvah. an
ancient bronze curry-comb given
him in the Cobb Desert. They al
speak to him of his own adveI1=
turous past.
AS he promised in Winds
"one autumn evening on the last
rumblings of the Storm" he has
returned to his homeland, where
he now spends the summer
months, but keeps a close link
with America and lives the rest Of
the year in Washington. From his
square house on a rocky peninsula
above the Mediterranean. open to
all the winds, backed by snow
capp-d mountains; from his study
which frames a view Of bay and
the widest stretch Of sea betwee6
France and Africa, where migras
tory birds gather for a last flight
south, he greetS new age in his
last poem, "Chronique!" Speaking
to the audience which watched
him receive the Nobel Prize, about
the place Of poetry in our world,
he confirmed his belief in the fu.
ture: History tells us, he said, ito
fear not, neither doubt, for doubt
is impotent, and fear is servile." .,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-02-26
BY KATHERINE GARRISON
cOntributins Writer


The news. that the Nobel Prize
for Literature was awarded to
Alexis Leger, the French poet
who had been living in WASH
ington for almost 20 years. writ
ing under the name Of Saint
John Perse. came not as q sur
prise to the American literary
world, but to his neighbors in
Georgetown. who had seen the
sturdily built, acQuiline featured
man walking along urfreuuented
streets st odd hours Of the early
evening when much Of Washing
ton was gathered indoors ex-
changing political gossip at cock
tail parties.
Leger does not like cocktail
parties. and diplomats still eager
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-02-26

Miss Chaplin has published
several studies Of the poetry Of
Perse. Her last book Of poems
was ''The Other Journey" 1880.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-02-26
BY HENRY A. WALLACE

SOUTH SALEM, N. EVERY
Secretary Of Agriculture must have
a fixed goal. In my case I wanted
the farmers to get equality Of
bargaining power and parity Of
income while at the same time,
increasing soil fertility and feed
ing the people Of the USA and
the world more abundantly. I
could never forget the masthead
motto Of the farm paper Of which
! had been editor for many years:
GOOD FARMING, CLEAR
THINKING, RIGHT LIVING" OF
course every Secretary wants the
conditions Of living and the OPP
portunities for education on the
farm to improve. Therefore every
Secretary wants greater security
of tenure but no diminution in
the speed Of adopting modern
technologies.
In 1888 when I became Secre-
tary the situation was so desper-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-02-26

The author, q former Vice
President, Secretary Of Agricul-
ture, and Secretary Of Com
merce, 10 now q plant breeder,
chicken raiser and farm jour-
nal editor. In the following
article he draws on his rich
experimentation in the Gov
eminent and on the farm-to
advise the American people of
the farm problems that lie
ahead. The article Is excepted
from a recent speech Mr.. Wal
lace gave.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-02-26
Strategic Reserve Needed

The problem is to turn these
vast SURPRISES into d blessing in
stead Of O curse. Public law 480,