davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-02-26

cornerstones of the American political structure
was Freedom of Speech. / knew that Freedom Of
Speech was not automatic birthri9 9ht. Com
munist Russia, Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy
didn't have it. Then one day after had gotten to
be about IS realized had never really availed
myself of this sacred privilege.
What to do? Well, first had to arrive at clear
understanding of what freedom of speech meant. 1t
couldn't merely mean the latitude to talk about
baseball or good restaurants last nights TV
shows Even the people living under dictatorship
had that much conversational elbOwroOm. No,
what was involved could mean only the right to
criticize For as historian Arnold Toynbee recently
said, THE tOleraiOn of minority beliefs made the
Western world what it is. The difference from
Russia is vital"
A minority TepoA
So decided to take advantage of my citizenship
rights to file minority report. ] had an opinion
and put it on record. hate capital punishment.
spoke out against the barbaric immortality of hang
ings, gassings, firing squads and electric chairs.
What happened? My fellow countrymen wired
their congratulations? Guess again, Charlie. They
hurled brick-bats from all directions. Not neces-~
sarily because they disagreed with me. They just
disagreed with my right to say it. Many truth, as
the old saying goes, may be contained in jest. But
jester evidently has right to tell the truth as
he sees it. famous columnist referred to visit
Marion Brando, Shirley MacIaine and made to
Gov Edmund Brown of California "nauseating."
Trade publications commented that performers
should keep their mouths shut.
Well, don't happen to think So I'm for more
speaking out Like for instance:
AT HOME - Speak out! Being able to voice and
discuss differences out in the open is hundred
times better than doing slow burn and pouting
for week in ominous silence. HarbOred resent
Evening star., 1961-02-26

ments feed on themselves like cancer. But storm,
no matter how violent, is always followed by clear
Evening star., 1961-02-26

THIS WEEK Mooo1ius / Fsbrvory 40. 1851
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-02-24

Education's Goals

The State Board of Education adopted a state
ment of purposes for Ohio schools on Monday, Feb
ruary Ii, after having it on the agenda for three con-
secutive monthly meetings.
Earlier, objection had been made to this social
ed Statement of philosophy because it failed to men
ton spiritual values as they concern children.
The final draft Of the statement acknowledged
the importance of moral and spiritual values" for
children, but avoided any mention of teaching re-
ligion in unsupported schools.
ONE MEMBER, John w. Morrison, VINO
originally pushed for the inclusion OF spiritual values,
tried to amend the February wording because it fail
ed to include the school program along with "com-
munity factors and parental influence" as having a
strong bearing on the concepts, and the moral and
spiritual values children acquire about people, the
community, social institutions and citizenship His
amendment was defeated.
Another member, Wayne E. Shaffer, said such
an amendment would "erode in a very minute way"
the separation of church and state in education. Mr..
Morrison replied that this separation is guaranteed
in the Ohio constitution.
This whole question concerns us all and should
be explored more and more. A recent book, Rel
gion In All The Schools" by Leo R. Ward csc, Fidesl
makes some interesting points for discussion.
THE AUTHOR EMiND us that church-related
schools are not only an integral part of our educa-
tional system and will continue to be, but that many
unsupported schools somehow embody religion In
education. Some public-school teachers begin the
school day with prayer, many village public schools
feature a verse or two from the Bible, and in the
South especially, the Protestant religion andfor Bible
study is a credit course in public high schools.
Then, Father Ward points out, some teaching of
religion is involved in context, for example in teach
ing poetry and history and, for the sake of scientific
honesty, this must be permitted.
FATHER WARD SAYS that children learning
about God and faith at home have the right to com
plete religious literacy in and through their schools.
He adds that this religious lteracy is greatly needed
in America and asks that religion be studied objective
ly and scientifically as any other subject in tax-sup-
ported schools. He does not want religion practiced in
the public schools as ritual and ceremony or as a mat
ter of indoctrination, he simply maintains that our
nation will suffer if our children emerge from formal
education as religious illiterafes.
He says Sunday schools and home training are not
enough, so some solution must be devised to face this
problem of religious literacy without violating our
constitutional principle of separation between Church
and State. We commend the book for study and con.
sideration.- GAF
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-02-24
Other Means
For Funds?

Editor:
Re: the letter from "Civic-
Minded" Catholic Times, Feb.
8, 1861 concerning bingo:
l, too. wonder if it is really
necessary.
Il is hardly a proper way
to raise money (even If it is
for church, when the law
reads that public bipgo is
illegal, Personally, | don't
blame mono Catholics one bit
for c%ondemning it.
Why can't other fund-rais-
ing means be used???
Concerned"
Columbus
Continued on Page ~
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-02-24
Washington

This week we observed the birthday of the Father
of our Country, George Washington.
II has been pointed out more than once that we
Americans respect and admire Washington, but love
Lincoln. The reason is that our first President seems
so aloof along side the humane qualities of Lincoln.
WE FEEL THIS is primarily a matter of person
atty. George Washington was a man who by back
ground, training, and temperament appeared to be
reserved and did not communicate warmth.
This obviously does not mean that he did not love
his country and its citizens. II to love is to serve, then
truly Washington had great love for his fellow Ameri-
cans.
WITHOUT DETRACTiNc in any way from our
affection for the other Presidents, perhaps we should
take the memory of Washington closer to our hearts.
Things looked easy for him, but when we review the
obstacles he had to overcome to lead the colonists to
victory we see his service was a hard one. He is a man
worthy of our affection as well as our admiration.
Catholics have an extra reason for gratitude TO
our first President. For he replied to a claim by Ca
tholics for justice and equal rights at a time when we
were %hampered by discriminatory laws in these words:
II PRESUME THAT your fellow citizens of all
denominations will not forget the patriotic part which
you took in the accomplishment of our Revolution and
the establishment of our government, or the important
assistance which they received from a nation Francel
in which the Roman Catholic faith is protested"
Those were heartening words to the 2 5000 Ca
tholics of 1890 and to us 40 million Catholics in
1961-GAF
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-02-24

The international observ-
ance did virtually nothing to
alleviate the predicament OF
millions of refugees in Asia,
who do not come under the
mandate of the UN High
Commissioner for Refugees
or the UN Relief and Works
Agency for Palestine refu~
gees.
ONLY TWO AND a HALF
million refugees are covered
by these two mandates, but
four times that number OF
non-mandate refugees need
total or partial support. Moth
ing was done during the WRY
to bring any additional cate
CORY of refugees under the
High Commissioners man.
date.
MIR. Jean ]. Chenard, dep
uty for Europe of Catholic
Relief Services-NCWC, has
pointed out that the Year
ibid not provide money for
the non-mandate refugees in
proportion to their needs,
yet their very existence is
an undoubted potential threat
to world stability"
MR. .cHENARD TOLD the
recent Geneva meeting of the
WRY Committee that in spite
of all the money and effort
expended, "there is still very
much to do. Experience has
shown that full utilization of
government resources. sup
plemented by voluntary
agencies, and individuals will
intensity their efforts to as
Continued on Page 81
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-02-24

not be universally applicable
the three following facts are
quite universal and should
be deeply understood by par
ents:
1T is DURING his teens
that a y%oungster establishes
his ego, his new self. Unless
he finds his ego in Adde'S
cence he will have to find it
later, if at all. but only with
great suffering and sacrifice.
He must develop a concept
of himself as a person apart
from everything and every
one else. Otherwise he will
live in a borderland of I'M
certainty. He will doubt, fear,
hesitate, change. For this he
will be denounced roundly
and sometimes punished Sc
verely-in most cases I'M
justly. .
He must make self-asser-
tive thrusts to establish emo
tional independence. This be-
comes a source of confusion,
-
unhappiness and instructed
effort on his part and the
part of those who want to
help him. But he must dis
sociate himself from child
hood dependencies and estab-
lish emotional independence.
This becomes a source of con-
fusion, unhappiness and mis-
directed effort on his part
and the part of those who want
to help him. But he must dis
sociate himself from child
hood dependencies and estab-
lish new relationships out
side the family or he will
never grow up.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-02-24
Sum and Substance:
Was Washington
An AristOcrat?
by Fir. John B. Sheerin, esp.

less perfection, my good lord.
But who can gaze upon the
sun In heaven?"
IF LINCOLN WAS the COM
mon man par excellence,
Washington was the uncom-
mon man. Now it seems to
me that it's about time for
Americans to take another
look at this uncommon man
and to initiate him in his
ability to withdraw from the
crowd, at least at times. In
these days of the organiza-
ton man, of vast groups of
citizens banded together in
political parties and of masses
of workers in factories, the
crying need is for emphasis
on freedom of the individual.
In a talk on the Future
of Freedom" Charles Malik
said that group freedom is a
robust and massive thing that
will always. assert itself
whereas individual freedom is
something relatively new and
fragile that needs tender
care. 1t was only a few months
ago that the Catholic bishops
of the United States lauded
the free and responsible citi-
zen who has the courage to
stand apart from the crowd.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-02-24

tyr. Pope Liberius was pope
from 352 to 800 AID; again,
IN 972 a pope Donus was list
ed incorrectly - Pope John
XIII died in September 972
and Pope Benedict vi became
pope in January 973 AID.
(See 1.-The Papacy''-D' Ormes-
son Philip Hughes" History
of the Church; Lebreton's
History of the Primitive
Church''). 1t has been explain
ed in this column before that
many saints of the early
Church we're informally Jus
ually locally named and in
recent times the Church has
been rem moving the title
where it is not backed up
by substantial evidence.
There is no question of doubt
about saints named by the
universal Church with the
full authority of the Church
e.g. as in relatively modern
canonization.
@. What is the meaning of
the word canon" in the
Mass?
A. The Canon Of the Mass
is that most sacred part of
the Mass Immediately sur
rounding the Conservation. 1t
extends from the Preface to
the Pater Noster mot includ-
ing the latter. These prayers
are very old and are seldom
changed most of the Canon
of the Roman Missal can be
traced back to st. Gregory
the Great and so to- the end
of the sixth century. The
word is taken from Greek and
means rule. It is also used
in the name for Church Law
Canon Law.
Send questions to Father
Edward f. Healey, Inquiry
Corner, The Catholic Times,
Box 636, Columbus 16, Ohio.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-02-24
The Yardstick
World Refugee
Year Evaluated
by Msgr. George G. Higgins

larly in achieving the first
objective of centering world
attention on refuge prob
lens. A vast information and
education program, carried
out through the cooperation
of news media, UN offices,
governments, and private
agencies has brought the refu-
gee situation and the WRY
observance to the attention
of millions of people around
the world.
The success of this pub
licity campaign can best be
gagged by the fact that glo-
bal outpouring of generosity
from July 1859 to June,
1860 brought contributions of
about $80,000,O 900 for refugee
work. Considerably more than
half of this amount came
from private de, non-govern.
mental) sources.
During the Year, the 1851
Geneva Convention on Refu-
gees was ratified by a few
more countries, and several
other governments indicated
that they were planning to
ratify it in the near future.
There has also been a step
ped-up effort in programs of
indignation for refugees in
Europe.
HOWEVER, THE WORLD
Refugee Year like most
such ambitious programs -
had its share Of failures. And
since its failures involve the
fate of millions of human be-
ings, they cannot be passed
over lightly.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-02-24
Making Marriage Click
Three Basic Facts Parents
Of Teenagers Should Know
by Msgr. Irving A. DeBlanc

He must experiment with
new friendships, new inter-
ests, new mannerisms, new
ideas in politics and even
religion. Ali this may be
only a tempest in a teapot
but for him it spells a major
revolution. He must arrive
at values and principles on
his own even though in the
end they come very close
to those held by his parents.
SOME or THESE expert
ments are dangerous. Usual
ly, however. they are the only
way he can learn to stand
on his own feet. It is this
experimental nature of his
which frequently arouses OPP
position on the part of adults.
In confusion then he some
times swings from parental
love to open defiance. One
who understands, however,
will be sympathetic and more
successfully influence him.
Understanding is possibly the
greatest need of a teen-ager.
This cannot be over-empha-
sized.
AS he BECOMES more
and more aware of the neces-
sity of living his own life
and of being responsible for
himself he experiences more
feelings of confusion, insecur-
ity and loneliness. AS child
he was more or less part OF
his total environment. There
was no fine line distinctly
separating him from his par
ents. He had been quite de.
pendent.
Continued on Page 81
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-02-24

There is a ten-day inter-
val between the birthday
anniversaries of Lincoln
and Washington
Lincoln is the saviour
of his country in the dark
days of the Civil War, a man
of the people who preserved
government of the people.
by the people and for the
people" Washington is reyer-
ed but Lincoln is loved.
IN THE 2os DEBuNKERs
of Washington called him an
aristocrat. They claimed he
was undemocratic, stood aloof
from the people and failed
to enter into their joys and
sorrows. Indeed, even when
we read the better biograph-
les of Washington, we seem
to be reading about a man
that was superhuman in his
dedication to moral principle
and to the Revolution, a hero
with none of the faults of
our common humanity.
He reminds US of King
Arthur in Tennyson's IdyIls
of the King about whom the
all too human Guinevere said:
arthur, my lord Arthur,
the faultless kingl That pitt
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-02-24

Several months have
now elapsed since the
World Refugee Year end
ed in midsummer of 1860,
and experts in the field
of refugee relief and reha-
Utilization have had time to
evaluate this intensive in
ternational program.
THE REFUGEE YEAR, it
will be recalled, was initiated
by the United Nations Cen
eral Assembly in a resolu-
ton of December, 1858, which
established three aims for
the observance: u to focus
interest on the refugee prob
lem; q to encourage addi.
tional financial contributions
from governments, voluntary
agencies, and the general pub
lie for its solution; and 81
to encourage additional op-
portunities for permanent So
buttons for the refugees.
In January, 1861, the In
ternational Committee for the
World Refugee Year held its
final meeting in Geneva,
with delegates from II ma
tons and about so interna-
tional voluntary agencies in
attendance. The big question
at the meeting was, of course:
Has World Refugee Year
been a success? Unfortunate
ly, the question could not be
answered with an unqualified
"Yes."
TO BE SURE, there have
been some significant ad-
vances and victories, particu-
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-02-24

LullOI.
! see the secular press
in its public forum is
ahowl with pros and cons
about public : parochial
school aid.
F. X. McMseourneen writes
Il think it a dirty trick" Col
leen O'Brawn notes Look
what they spend on cigaret-
les a year" For my part /
mutter YEARLY Here we go
again"
AFTER ALL THAT hula.
baloo about the election, I'm
tired 1t isn't much fun hear
ing people say that the EN-
peror Ming Foo of the Ting
dynasty got a divorce from
Rome so why can't l.
/ think too of all the books
on apologetics | have read.
You know apologetics is that
serious subject which is a
kind of yeah, Pm a Cath
Ollie. Amt it awful?" sort of
thing.
Also / have become quite
expert at Exegesis which is,
as you know, a three hour
study with Kennedy's broth
er-in-law in it. Go see it, he's
a Catholic too.
| wish | could be dishonest
but | just can't. After all
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-02-24

In an article in the Saiur.
day Review about a year ago.
Marshall Fishwick of Wash
ington and Lee University
said that men in gray flan.
mel suits on Madison Avenue
can learn a lot from WASH
ington, the man in the white
marble toga. st is not by
bending to every whim and
request that we achieve real
popularity or by following
every popular cause that we
become great"
IN the GOOD SENSE.
Washington was an aristo-
crat. He didn't play to the
crowd. He probably would
have fizzled as a chairman
of a Chamber of Commerce
and would have been a poor
performer on TV, as he flash
ed no ready smile. He was
an aristocrat who was far
more interested in helping
people than in pleasing them,
far more anxious to give them
what they needed rather than
what they wanted.
Today American Catholics
are participating in Ameri-
can life to a remarkable de.
gree. A Catholic in the White
House is a symbol of how
far we have emerged from
Continued on Page 50
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-02-24
YOUR !!!{@a s|ssga| '|s editor
Thinks Well Get Aid
For Education Some Day

ment is going to see that we
poor Catholics get our share.
| say this whether Mr.. Ken
nedy is in office, or some
hungry Yoga enthusiast.
Well, Catholics, remember
what they will say if we get
this aid. Well all be driving
to work on bicycles with
calico patches on the seats of
our trousers. Cheer up.
M. r. keenan,, Jr.,
Columbus
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-02-24
Inquiry Corner
Do We Eyade Issues
By Mental Reservations?
by Father Edward +. Healey

in the saints but in the vol
untary attendance at daily
Mass, the works of social ac-
ton, etc The habitual COM
promises of some Catholics
and the infrequent lapses of
all of us prove nothing ex-
cept hat we need the grace
of God, offers especially in
the Mystic Body. the Catho-
lie Church.
G. I have Just received a
pamphlet giving 40 reasons
why ! am not a Catholic"
Most Of the reasons are silly,
but one refers to the chang
ing of the number of popes
listed lby the Vafieanl and
the dropping Of six Of them
from the list of saints.
know this does NOT attack
the truth or, fhe Church but
il is puzriinel
A. Through the centuries
the keeping of exact records
has often been difficult. Espe-
cially during the early years
when such records seemed
less important because the
succession did not need proof
and when the persecution
made any thorough organiza-
tional work impossible, the
records have been found by
modern research methods TO
be defective in spots. Dur
ing the barbarian invaSions
and the early Middle Ages
similar difficulties existed.
Nevertheless, modern histori-
cal authorities do find such
minor corrections any OBJ
stacle to the substantial ac-
cusaoy of the list of popes
from st. Peter to John XXIII.
AS an example of the unirn-
porfance of the corrections:
St. Felix II, pope from 355
to 365 according to the old
list was really st. Felix, mar
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-02-24


@. A fallen away Catholic
with whom | work says that
Catholics have a good religion
but that they evade the real
issues by mental reservations,
by dispensations. etc.
A. Thank him for the kind
words about the Church! 1t
may be true that we some
times evade the true meaning
of honesty and of penance by
various self-justificationS Cath
Ollie theologians follow a ira
dltion of precision which
draws the line rather neatly
between what is morally per-
missible and what is not Cath
ollcs may sometimes be in
clined TO follow what is NOR
ally permissible or even 10
believe as some say "It's only
a venial SIM" In that respect
We can be a scandal to those
who expect more idealism and
self-sacrifice. Regarding the
examples: mental reservation,
strictly speaking, is immoral.
We cannot add to or amend
mentally something we say
SO that we change the mean
ing. VIZ can, for a just rea-
son, give an evasiye reply, an
answer which is e%quivocal
and puts off an impertinent
questioner. A dispensation te.
&. from fasting, for a mixed
marriage etc.) is liable to
abuse, but Christ gave the
Church the power of binding
and loosing precisely that al
lowance might be made for
the different situations that
arise. Your friend is wrong
in feeling that the weakness
es 1--WE might call it Catholic
Pharisaism) of individual Ca
tholics is an argument against
the Church. The idealism and
the sacrifices of Catholics can
be seen everywhere, not only
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-02-24

am IS years old and
would like TO discuss impor-
tant problems with my par
enfs but it is useless. They
always put the wrong twist.
| know This is an old cor-
plant but isn't IL time for
parents to study more about
parenthood instead of always
blaming US?
Roland
Through love, and COM
mon sense parents gener-
ally are right in their rear
ing of youngsters. We do
however, in justice agree
with you, Roland, that too
few parents have taken ad-
vantage of the knowledge
available in this field. Cana
Conferences are doing much
to fill this need.
PARENTS OFTEN LOSE
their position as the number
one influence in the life of
their children when they give
the impression that they do
not understand youth. Young
sters will not trust or follow
the advice of someone they
feel does not understand
them.
One study showed that
nearly so per cent of teen
age boys claim they are mis-
understood by their dads.
About 80 per cent of the
boys said the same thing
about their mothers. About
Is per cent of the teen-age
girls said that their mothers
did not understand m.
Though the above figures may
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-02-24

that study I don't know any
more theology now than |
did before | ever heard of
Mr.. Kennedy.
GOT THIS ONE thing to
say about aid to parochial
schools: It's a lead pipe cinch
we're going to get it. No |
don't mean the pipe over the
head. | mean actual cash in
your pocket which you can
use either to pay your child's
way at st. Malachy's, or your
personal option to buy a
cabin cruiser with the tax
money. Anyhow, the govern
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-02-24

Editors note: Many in.
feresting and provocative
opinions must be omitted
each week because the
writer failed TO sign his
or her name and address.
Initials or a penname will
be used upon request but
the sender's real name
and address must also be
included. Send your opin-
ions 10 Letters to the
Editor, The Cafholi &c
Times, Box $40, Column
bus l6, Ohio).