davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-04-21

that this blow for freedom has
not yet succeeded" Mr.. Ste
venSon said.
Mr.. Stevenson spoke after
Russia's Valerian A. zorin ac-
cused him of raising the specter
OF communism to mask United
States ambitions to oust Mr..
Castro.
Evening star., 1961-03-07

courses, cheering news for thousands Of
other Washington area sportsmen
emerged the other day in Annapolis
This came with the Maryland House Of
Delegates approval Of the long-contro-
versial bill allowing an angler to keep
one rocknsh a day over the legal State
limit Of is pounds.
Now rockfsh, or striped bass, abound
las all sportSmen Of the true persuasion
are aware) in great profusion in the
Chesapeake Bay and the rivers feeding
1t. Many, of course, are small. Yet the
chance Of hooking whopper is ever
present, especially during the fall
months-a prospect that would be i'm
measurably pleasant to contemplate
except for the Damoclean sword Of
Maryland's silly l5-pound- limit law.
Certainly the rockfsh limit should
not be totally removed in the Chesa-
peake region, for these are the spawning
grounds Of the Roccus saxatilis. But
to argue that one big fish per man would
deplete the supply? Nonsense!
Evening star., 1961-03-07
Twelve to Go!

1enneSSeeS raC1t1cat10n OF the Dis
trict suffrage amendment yesterday was
an, immensely important and encourag-
ing milestone. For while 26 States now
have approved, Tennessee is the first
State OF the South to do so. Hopefully,
with the barrier now broken, other
Southern States-particularly North
Carolina and TexaS-may also Join the
parade.
Likewise, the action in Nashville is
dramatic example of the necessity of
informed leadership in the States. Sew
eral days ago, as the result of mis-
understanding of the simple purpose
OF the amendment-to permit Washing
tonians to vote for President and Vice
President - the ratification drive was
stalled in the Tennessee Legislature. Not
until Governor Buford Ellington per-
Sonally intervened, urging legislative
leaders. to reconsider, was the path
cleared for yesterdays vote.
Apart from Tennessee, a State-by-
State survey by The Star has indicated
that prospects are good that II more
States, during the next several weeks,
oAOO may dpp1ONc. Ills WOulQ leaVe CEle
District single State away from the 80
necessary to complete ratification.
But as hopeful as the indications
are, the attainment Of flnal approval
this year still is far from assured. In
several OF the II most promising States,
legislative leaders spoke optimistically
Of speedy approval" Of the campaign
being "oh and running" Of being
absolutely confident" In others, how
ever, time Is becoming increasingly
factor; although there is little op-
position, the amendment is competing
with heavy workloads of high Importance
to the States.
Meanwhile, Washingtonians can
assist the campaign by supporting the
District citizens committee which Is
working so effectively with hackers of
the amendment in each State. While
the financial needs of the committee
are modeSt-primarily to meet the
costs Of correspondence and long
distance telephone calls-they never
theless are real. Those who wish to
help may send checks to presidential
Vote for D. c." Box Is, Ben Franklin
Station, Washington, D. C.
Evening star., 1961-03-07
Tensions and the u. N.

AS the United Nations General AS
sembly resumes its 18th regular session
today, after an 11-week recess, tension
and crisis continue to afflict the world.
The most immediate and most acute
point Of danger is still the Congo, but
the makings Of an international explo-
sion exist also in such other places as
Laos and the Berlin tinderbox.
The Congolese situation, Of course,
clamorS for attention and corrective
action, and 1t almost certainly will
overshadow all other issues on the
AsSembly's agenda in the weeks ahead.
Unhappily, however, the U. N, some of
whose contingentS have had armed
clashes with Congolese troops, will be
hard put to restore peace and order
indeed, may find the task hopeless-un-
less or until the country's separatist or
seceSSionist elements work out an
agreement with the Kasavubu govern
ment in Leopoldville to establish
federation Of states.
A conference to that end is being
held now on Madagascar, with Antoine
Gizenga, the Communlst-trained IA
natic, taking part. But not much is
likely to come of 1t as long as the
Kremlin demands that the Gizenga
regime be recognized as the Congo's
sole governing authority Nor can the
U. N. hope to carry out an effective
pacifying role while the Soviet Union
keeps on trying to oust Secretary Cen
eral Dag Hammarskjold and replace
him with three-man directorate made
up Of WeSterner, "neutralist" and a
Soviet representative, with each having
the power to veto action of any kind.
Izvestia, the Soviet government
newspaper, has just called upon the
United States to Cleanse the Assembly
agenda Of questions caused by the cold
war" and to refrain from "using the
Assembly as a forum for speeches die
tated by anything but statesrnanly
wisdom" Considering Premier Khru-
shchev's performance in the U. N. a few.
months ago, one can only say that this,
is utterly misdirected advice. It should
be addressed to the Kremlin and taken
to heart there.
Evening star., 1961-03-07
Enthusiasm Unlimited

There Is increasing evidence that
President Kennedy's Peace Corps has
touched of an explosion Of enthusiasm"
What has the Johannesburg Seismo-
graphs Quivering from Vassar to the
University Of California. Already, as
the President himself noted in a tele-
viSed tete-a-tete with Mrs. Eleanor
Roosevelt. the youthful eagerness to
serve stands in contrast to "all the
emphasis on the life of ease which we
hear so much about in this country"
Those who are relatively sophisticated
in the launching of Government pro-
grams sometimes known as pilot prof.
ectS), and even those similarly sophis-
ticated In the reporting on such small
beginnings, appear to be caught up in
the wonderment.
Particularly intriguing, perhaps, are
some OF the new, or at least previously
unpublicized, thoughts brought out in
the f1reSide chat like discussion be-
tween MIR. Kennedy and Mrs. Roosevelt.
1t is with an almost guilty America first
feeling that there is warm response to
the idea that these young missionaries
should serve in our own country as we'll
as abroad. 1t would be difficult, indeed,
to dispute the need that exists in some
OF our asphalt jungles" as compared
with that in jungles elsewhere. Chal-
longing, too, was Mrs. Roosevelts sug-
gestion that married couples, presum-
ably young, might be employed together
in this venture of widening the new
frontiers, and we hold back only to the
same degree as that expressed by Mr..
Kennedy that both must be trained"
And finally, there are potentially
limitless possibilities in the assurance
offered by Senator Humphrey of Min
nesota, also appearing on televiSion
with Mrs. Roosevelt and others, that in
due time the corps will need all sorts
OF people-"and that's when we'll need
to bring In people other than the
younger set" It sounds exciting, for
sure, but we must not let it go out of
hand. Somebody has to stay home and
mind the store and pay income taxes in
order to support the lucky members of
the Peace Corps. o ...-,.
Evening star., 1961-03-07

degree Of job security than
his associate who gets twice
his salary for the same work
by working short time con-
tracts.
But now there is a far
more important and basic
reason for the disparity in
pay and it has been men
toned by only one man, Vice
Admiral Rickover. This rea-
son was clearly and succinct-
ly expressed as follows by a
certain captain in the Navy,
well known to this writer:
There are 40 men cooking
up work here to every man
who carries the ball" The
superabundant petty admin
istratorS, coordinators, man
agement engineers and other
camp followers of science in
Government usually have
higher GS ratings in Civil
Service and receive more pay
than the real scientists, rel
atively few in number, who
produce. Commercial firms
that prosper and endure get
rid of this dead timber, have
a better appreciation for rare
scientific ability and see to it
that it obtains it's just re-
ward.
An investigation by any
congressional com mittee,
comprised for the most part
Of members Of the legal pro-
fessfon, will not differentiate
between the producers and
non-producers among scien-
tific personnel In Federal
Government service. 1t will
not disclose the fact that
management" has become a
Evening star., 1961-03-07

fetish in Government. There
are branches known by such
titles as work measurement"
work progress" opera
tions," work statistics" etc,
with branch managers and
their assistants who are rated
as top flight management
engineers" and who spend
their time concocting forms
to be filled out by the few
real scientists and engineers.
They have whole batteries OF
typewriters and platoons Of
girls who pound them. Their
walls are covered with colored
charts. They neither have
nor have they ever had any
direct responsibility for pro-
ductive scientific work, engi-
neering design or engineering
accomplishment. They are
the proponents of theoretical
management only. They do
not and cannot plan a pro-
gram OF research or give an
intelligent suggestion to facil-
itate its accomplishment.
Admiral Riekover has COM
planned of such nuisances and
OF the excessive amount Of
paper work which they con-
coct to serve as a waste of
the valuable time of the real
producers in Government. it
would be sheer insanity to
double the salaries of this
mob Of pseudo-scientists nd
engineers.
Any reappraisal Of sal
aries paid to scientific and
technical personnel in Gov
ernInent service should be
accompanied by a sharp ak
in skillful hands.
L. A. Palmer.
Evening star., 1961-03-07
The City Beautiful

There is a point, remark
ably enough, on which the
contending schools of archi-
tectural thought agree. Where
their otherwise wildly varying
practice corresponds is in
having the subordinate parts,
in any scheme, reflect the
dominant motif. An obvious
example is a rectangular IA
cade whose divisions, perhaps
chiefly windows, are made up
Of verticals and horizontals.
This Illustration is not very
subtle or inventive, but it can
be readily graSped. and veri-
fled, without going very far,
by looking in any direction.
The application Of this
principle in itself imparts no
beauty, but any attempt to
design unmindful of 1t can
result only in chaos. and in
fact no such attempt is ever
made.
Now, this rule, true for
buildings. is as much so for
groups, like industrial plants,
or universities, though less
adhered to because Of lapSes
of time between the erection
of units; and for those larg-
est Of groups, cities, where it
is not adhered to at all. and
all Of which suffer from the
resulting disorder created by
the conflict Of styles.
In the correspondence pro-
duced by the solutions offered
in the Roosevelt Memorial
competition. only Professor
Tapke's letter of last month
viewed the problem in its
relation to the city as a sin
gle composition. His sugges-
tion. that the Federal Tri-
angle Plaza be completed in
the spirit in which it was
conceived, and made into a
memorial. of all the ideas put
forth. Is alone in making what
is already beautiful more so.
1t would be tiresome to re-
peat here the old arguments
on behalf Of classical or
modern building in general,
but I would like to make a
case for continuing in the
District Of Columbia the
style originally embarked
on. What beauty has been
achieved is almost wholly
the result Of the extent to
which the buildings put up
subsequent to the Capitol
echo the great note sounded
by this most magnificent Of
designs. The Library OF
Evening star., 1961-03-07
View of Hiqh Bench

1t is the job Of Congress
and the State Legislatures
to make the laws. It is the
job Of the courts to interpret
and administer them. 1t is
the job Of the Supreme Court
to determine whether laws
so passed are in accord with
the Constitution.
But many are convinced
that the Warren Supreme
Court has been unwilling to
stop there, but yielded to the
itch to legislate, for the very
human reason that men who
drink the heady wine Of
power usually reach out for
more. and also that Father
knows best"
A pertinent comment on
the Warren Court was noted
recently in the Princeton
Alumni Weekly in a review
by Professor Of Economics
Jesse w. Markham of a book
by Alpheus T. Mason, THE
Supreme Court From Taft
to Warren" Prof. Markham
writes:
Because the most notable
Of Western constitutions
were forged out Of the pop
ular revolt against the ex-
ercise Of arbitrary power by
those who governed, they
were designed as instru-
mentS whereby rules Of law
replaced rules by men. Pro-
fesSor .AlpheuS Mason'S de-
lightful book on the United
States Supreme Court since
1921 argues convincingly
that the convenient vague
ness Of our own Constitution
has left room for rule by
men. The Constitution is ul-
timately what five Of the
nine men say it is, and the
outcome often turns on the
social and economic philoso-
ply held by a single Justice.
I'm consequence. Taft's
Court as well as Warren's
was attacked for the illegal
exercises Of legislative power
power unrestrained by the
ballot box. An important
difference is that Taft's
Court legislated while Wig
orously denying that 1t pos
Sessed such power: under
Warren, partly because Of
Warren. the Court recognizes
and uses this power" =.
The segregation decision
was right or 1t was wrong.
People differ on that. But
right or wrong, it was legis-
lation. Justice Warren and
the Justices who went along
with him. decided to veto,
for sociological" reasons, a
previous Supreme Court de-
cision that had stood for
some SO years, that separate
but equal" schools were con-
stitutional. This fiat was
then claimed as "the law of
the land" The new law was
not enacted by majority vote
Of q law-making body of
elected repreSentativeS-the
Evening star., 1961-03-07
Visual School Aid

The Star reports Virginia
Will Try Out Windowless
Schools"-"to provide more
blackboard space and elm
mate from outside, noises
and movements"
For many years, I taught
in old elementary schools
where the window sills were
at my chin level. The fire
engines screamed down the
street, the rains came. the
sleet and hail pelted down,
the seasons came and went.
I could see out. The children
couldn't, so I had stair steps
made for them.
In recent years. the low
window sills in the modern
buildings have been our ev-
eryday contact with the
world about us-cloud for
nations, sleet, rain, snow,
hail. birds. clothes Tapping
in the wind, planes flying by,
trees swaying, and yes. even
children playing on the play
ground.
We often rise en- masse In
the middle Of a lesson to
move to the windows to
watch a crow strutting on the
playground, or a pair Of sea
gulls meandering about on
our inland grounds.
We even have binoculars
and a telescope at hand and
In constant use.
Have my second and third
graders been distracted from
their lessons? Heck, no. Our
windows have provided us
with richer learning expert
enceS.
I strive to help my pupils
become more and more
aware Of everyday sights and
sounds--to use this aware
ness in science. social stud
les, reading and language
arts. Our windows become
open sesame to the. world
outside them. We seem not
to be distracted from the
three RS. In fact, we seem
to do them better.
I wonder If there is a
movement afoot to entrap
our children in a mole-like
atmosphere?
Hester B. Shouts.
Evening star., 1961-03-07
Military Clubs

Crosby NoyeS In his CO.
lumn, "GIs Alone Won't Cure
Dollar Gap" is to be COM
mended for his analysis Of
the military role in the dollar
gap problem.
However, his observations
on the case of the Camp DeS
Loges Club and other clubs
in the military services come
under the classification Of
personal opinion.
Mr.. Noyes says, Every
body who knows anything
knows that all officers clubs.
wherever they may be are
'plushy' and that any money
spent on them is wasteful."
However. he also says, 1T
doesn't matter If the project
was justified, If the present
building is in miserable
shape. If It's facilities are in
adequate for 800 men who
have to eat there or If the
plumbing leaks"
I wonder what Mr.. Noyes'
definition Of "plushy" is?
I would also point out that
not quite everybody agrees
that military clubs are
"plushy." For example, I
suggest Mr.. Noyes consult
experts on the subject
mainly seven faculty mem
bers headed by Dean H. B.
Meek Of the Cornell Univer-
sity Hotel School-the lead
ing institution Of its type in
the country.
This group. just back from
Europe after conducting a
seminar on club operations
for the Army and Air Force,
has had ample opportunity
to study these clubs first
hand.
One Of these experts is
Prof. Matthew Bernatsky.
He'll tell you that none of
the clubs he has seen fall
into the plush" or luxury
category. He will also add,
Anybody who thinks that
the United States cannot
afford to provide our overseas
military with decent clubs is
dead wrong"
While we agree and COM
mend Mr.. Noyes on the over
all problem as he presented
it. we believe Mr.. Noyes
missed a few people in his
survey Of Everybody who
knows anything" about clubs.
John A. Kuett,
Editor, Club Executive Maga-
zine, Army Times Publish
ing Co.
Editors Note: Irony is a
dangerous and elusive thing
but irony was what Mr..
NoyeS intended when he wrote
that everybody knows all Of
ficers' clubs are plushy.)
Evening star., 1961-03-07
Retired Civil Servant Takes Hard Look at Active List

According to the March /
Federal Spotlight" column
by Joseph Young, the SEN
ate Civil Service Committee
has made a sudden and re-
markable discovery Of a prac-
tice that has been going on
for at least 80 years in Gov
ernment. This is that scien-
lists and engineers working
under contract with the Fed
eral Government are paid
from two to four times the
amount received by Civil
Service employees doing the
same kind Of work.
AS a retired employe Of
Civil Service, I have made a
few observations Of my own
during the past 40 years.
Many factors contribute to
this condition. One Of these
is that bureaus and agencies
Of the Federal Government
are compelled to farm out"
work to consulting firms be-
cause Of things called Cell
ings" which restrict these
agencies in the numbers of
scientific personnel which
they can keep on the regular
payrolls. Another is that the
firms who take contracts
with the Government and
have scientists who are paid
the higher salaries quite
often run out of work, Engi-
neering consultantS have
their ups and downs /. In
getting contracts. They are
mot immune from the sd
verse effects Of business re-
cessions. The engineer or SCI
enlist employed by the Gov
ernrnent has q far greater
Evening star., 1961-03-07

Congress and the National
Gallery, for example, much
unlike each other. yet each
related to the Capitol, so
linked. make a beautiful set.
And at the other end Of the
Mall, the four buildings on
Seventeenth street that face
the Ellipse differ entirely in
plan and treatment, but tied
by style to each other and
the commanding point of
view, expand and add to the
beautiful conception.
These are but the first ex-
amples that come to mind.
But though there are others,
they are fewer than they
should be, or than were orig
inally hoped for, and 1t
would be painful to think
that activity in this direc-
tion had come to an end. ~
But If advantage Is not
taken Of the opportunities
provided by the Roosevelt
Memorial and the Federal
office buildings now being
contemplated, 1t is clear
what the future holds.
Washington will increas-
ingly resemble every other
expanding city in the United
States. and for that matter
the world, as the structures
designed in the new conven-
tion multiply.
No possible factor will op-
crate towards any architec-
tural pre-eminence in the
N tional Capital, save
chance.
And, because Of the exist
Ing powerful classical char
acter Of the city, owed to the
earlier work, only uglineSs
can result when there is
raised along side that work, a
body Of structures wholly
unrelated and alien to IT,
and equally strong in i'm
posing its own character,
not in tune, but in conflict
with that already estab-
lished.
Pierce Rice
Evening star., 1961-03-07
Church and School

Among other members Of the same
faith and party, House Democratic
Majority Leader John w. Mccormack
now has made clear that he fully dis
agrees with the Presidents interpreta-
ton Of the Constitution as regards
Federal aid to private and parochial
schools on the elementary and secondary
levels. In that respect, the gentleman
from Massachusetts, sees eye to eye with
the Roman Catholic bishops, arch-
bishops and cardinals of America, and
he has indicated that he will use all
his influence, which is considerable, to
advance their viewpoint in Congress.
AS expressed by Archbishop Alter,
this viewpoint may be summarized as
follows, with some overSimplihcation
~ The enormously dif1cult and COM
plex problem Of Federal educational
, aid ought to be based on objective,
economic facts" (2) From the stand
point Of justice and fair play, it is
strictly within the framework of the
Constitution that long-term, low
interest loans to private institutions
Including non-Catholic ones, of courSe]
could be part" Of this type Of aid.
(3) The legislation proposed by the
President should be amended ac-
cordingly. And az in the event that
this is not done and that non-public
and parochial schools are thus subjected
to discriminatory" treatment, There
will be no alternative but to oppose such
discrimination" even to the point,
apparently, Of striving to defeat the
bill in its present form-a defeat that
would further delay sorely needed i'm
provements in our system Of public
education.
President Kennedy has plainly
shown where he stands in connection
with all this. AS he sees 1t, and as he
told his news conference last week In
exceptionally emphatic language, "the
Constitution clearly prohibits aid to :.
the parochial school. There is no doubt
about that -. . The Supreme Court made
its decision in the Everson case.
There isn't any room for debate on that
subject. 1t is prohibited by the Consti-
tuition" And because he has taken this
firm position he is, ironically enough,
being criticized as being politically mo-
tivated and is seeking the Protestant
vote!
How foolish can we get? The Pres
ident, 1t would appear, is on frmer legal
ground than his critics. AS for the
Catholic hierarchy and such men as
Mr.. Mccormack, they have every right
to argue their constitutional case, bue
they are getting OF on the wrong fool
in threatening to seek the defeat Of any
and all public school aid unless similar
aid is extended to private and parochial
institutions as we'll.
AS one critic has commented, all
this smacks Of a dog-in-the- -manger
point Of view. Certainly something
better than that must be hoped for as
Congress undertakes to debate the issue.
Evening star., 1961-03-07
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDrtters' correct
names and addresses. All let
terS are subject to condensd-
tion. Those not used ,Dill be
returned only tDhen accom-
panied By self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.