davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-12-17
The u. N. Aims
The resolution said in part:

Inc resolution said In part:
"The Security Council :.
strongly depreciates the seces-
sionist activities illegally carried
out by the provincial adminis-
tration of Katanga with the aid
of external resources and manned
by foreign mercenaries.
Authorizes the use Of
force. if necessary, for the i'm
mediate apprehension. detention
Of all foreign military and para
military personnel and political
advisers not under the U. N. COM
mand.
Declares that all secesSionist
activities against the Republic of
the Congo are contrary to the Loi
fundamentals (constitution) and
specifically d e m a n d s that such
activities which are now taking
place in Katanga shall cease
forthwith"
AS a result, U. N. officials be-
gan pressing their drive to round
up the Katanga mercenaries. This
led to a series of incidents, cli-
NAKED by a Katanga roadblock
near the Elisabethville airport. At
las pm, December 5, Indian
troops opened fire on the road
block, and the clash was on.
Evening star., 1961-12-17

The Congo must be consoli-
dated under a stable government.
If Katanga does not rejoin the
Congo, civil war will break out.
and lead to anarchy and possible
Communist penetration. The
fighting in Katanga Is meant to
persuade Mr.. Tshombe that his
secession leads nowhere, and that
he should talk with Mr.. Adoula
and seek q refrigeration Of the
Congo. There should be no at
tempt to crush Mr.. Tshombe but
rather to persuade him to ne
gotiate.
At the NATO ministers con-
ference, the United States posi-
ton was supported by Canada and
Norway. but attacked by other ma
tions, principally France and Brit
ain. Their position is this:
The U. N. has no mandate to
attack Katanga. Any rationale
that the U. N. is defending" It
self, or looking for mercenaires,
is either naive or hypocritical.
The U. NJ. in fact, is attacking
the Katangs people. This can only
destroy the usefulness of the q. N.
as an international peacemaker,
and underermine the strongest an
ti-Communist force in the Congo.
Moreover. the U. N. Is interfer-
ing in the internal affairs Of o
country, and going beyond the
provisions Of the Charter.
Evening star., 1961-12-17
Shorter Week

The reply came with the unani-
nous adoption by the convention
delegates Of two resolutions and
in a speech by Walter Reuther,
president Of the United Auto
Workers. The AFL-CIO demands
included a shorter work week
with no cut in pay: more paid
holidays and leisure time, and an
"expansionary" rather than a bal
anced Federal budget as ways to
Continued on Page B-2
Evening star., 1961-12-17

ment last week. There were these
two additional major items:
. The announcement that the
mobile version Of the Air Force s
Minuteman ICBM was being
Scrapped after an expenditure of
$l08 million on it.
. The resignation, effective on
Wednesday. of Navy Secretary
John B. Connally, jr.
The mobile Minuteman was to
have been carried aboard special
railroad cars over vast sections of
the Nations trackage - on the
move so that the enemy missiles
could not zero-in on them in
surprise attack as they can on
fixed bases.
Evening star., 1961-12-17
Mobile Variety

But apparently the technical
difficulties, including the devel-
opment of an adequate guidance
system, and the great expense led
the Pentagon to give up on it. In
stead. more Minutemen will be
buried in underground concrete
silos in dispersed sites. perhaps a
total of 900 as against the 600
presently scheduled. The first
fixed-base Minuteman is due to
become operational next summer.
Despite Pentagon assurances as
to the survivability of under
ground missiles, it is clear that the
mobile variety would be far less
vulnerable to surprise attack, par
ticularly to the new Soviet so and
100 megaton monsters, If we credit
them with the accuracies we as
sert for ourselves.
The new decision leaves the
Navy's submarine based Polaris,
whose warhead is about the same
size as Minuteman's, the Nations
only mobile strategic ballistic mis-
sile.
AS to the resignation of Mr..
Connally, the Navy is losing an ex-
tremely influential spokesman. A
Texas protege of Vice President
johnson, Mr.. Connally has many
friends on Capitol Hill. He will
run for Governor of Texas, a State
whose Democratic control is en-
dangered by a surging Republi-
caniSm.
Mr.. Kennedy. who once said he
would appoint no short-timers to
high posts in his administration,
named another Texan. Fred Korth,
to succeed Mr.. Connally. Mr.. Korth
was an Assistant Secretary of the
Army in the Truman administra-
ton.
Evening star., 1961-12-17
THE NATIONAL SCENE
A Different Role
For u. S. Reservists

The PentagOn confirmed on
Thursday that II Is revising"
its thinking on Reserve forces
and indicated citizen soldiers
would not again be called up in
cOld-war crises.
On Wednesday, the PentagOn
announced that it was cancel
ing the railroad based Minute
man ICBM program, leaving the
Navy's POlaris the Nations only
strategic mobile ballistic missile.
II. myself, was under the belief
earlier that we could successfully
mobilize and demobilize reservists
to meet crises in this cold war
period.
II may have been wrong in
that"
Thus did Deputy Defense Sec
retary Roswell L. Gilpatric can
didly discuss the Pentagon's reac-
ton to the recent Gallup of some
100000 reServists of the Army,
Navy and Air Force. and its think
ing for the future, at a news con-
ference on Thursday.
Though Mr.. Gilpatric pointed
out that no definite decisions had
yet been made, the indication
was that the administration
custodians of Defense were switch
ing to the idea that a buildup of
the Regular Army-an increase
from IA to 16 divisions already
is in the works-is a better way
to meet recurrent crises, with the
Reserve to be tapped for larger
scale" or hot war situations.
In the Gallup FOR the Berlin
emergency, two National Guard
divisions were activated and thou
sands of men of the Army Reserve
were ordered to duty as filters"
for these units.
Evening star., 1961-12-17
Berlin:
More Probes

The Western foreign min
listers met in Paris last week
and agreed to resume expIOra-
tory talks with the Soviet Union
on the Berlin crisis.
When President Kennedy and
Prime Minister Macmillan meet
in Bermuda Thursday, they will
have an agenda ranging over the
whole spectrum of international
problems. None, however, will be
Evening star., 1961-12-17
UnitedNutions::
RedChind Vote

The General Assembly re-
jected a Soviet proposal on Fri
day to seat Communist China in
the United Nations. The vote
was 48 to 81 with 19 absten-
tiOnS.
For the last two weeks, the halls
Of the United Nations have been
echoing the familiar pros and cons
for seating Communist China and
expelling the Nationalist regime
from the United Nations.
These arguments hardly have
changed since 1850 when Red
China's name first was offered as
a substitute for Chang Kai-shek's
government. In past years, the
U. N. was not asked to vote di-
rectly on the question. Rather, the
United States was able, to get
enough votes each year to table
the issues until the next session.
This year, however, with the
majority of Asian-African coun-
tries in favor of seating Red
China, the United States felt that
this delaying" tactic would not
succeed, and thus planned its
strategy along different lines.
Evening star., 1961-12-17
Background

Washington persuaded Taiwan
not to veto the admission of Outer
Mongolia to the U. N, as part of
a three-way deal in which the IL
former French African colonies
agreed not to support Red China.
In addition, the United States
used all its influence to persuade
its allies to hold firm. Great Brit
ain, however, which has diplo-
matte relations with Peking, voted
for Red China'S admission.
For protection. the United States
succeeded in getting the U. N. to
agree that seating question was
an important" issue needing two
thirds majority to pass, instead of
a simple majority normally re-
quired.
Evening star., 1961-12-17
u. S. Position

The fighting has caused SER
ious split in views between the
United States, which supports the
U. N. military action, and most
of its allies. which do not. The
United States position-as voiced
by State Department officials
is this:
Evening star., 1961-12-17

rejected previous Western compro-
mise proposals. He said President
Kennedy's proposal for interna-
tional control over the autobahn
to West Berlin can hardly be con-
sidered seriously. He rejected also
proposals for negotiations which
would be limited to a confirma-
tion of Western occupational
rights. Some Westerners have said
a Soviet unilateral treaty would
be acceptable if the Russians
agreed that the Vests rights in
West Berlin are inviolate.
Evening star., 1961-12-17

to allow the American and Brit
ish diplomats to resume last sum-
mer's exploratory talks with the
Russians.
Evening star., 1961-12-17
Peace Efforts

For most of the spring, the
U. N. made a concerted effort
to reconcile the different Congo
factions. but with little success.
By the end of the summer, the
congo political situation was
roughly split in three-the legal
central government of Cyrille
Adoula (anti-Communist and
neutral; the Tshombe secession
ist regime (anti-C Communist, eco
nomically supported by private
Western capital; and the Gizen-
ga-led leftists of Oriental Province
Officially within the Leopoldville
government. but strongly sup
ported by the Communist bloc).
In August, the U. N. began
hunting for mercenaries in Ka-
tanga, believing that foreign in
fluences were playing large part
in keeping Katanga separate. This
led eventually to an eight-day
fight in September, but the U. N.
forces had to seek a cease fire be-
cause they lacked air support.
This forced the Security Coun-
Gil to consider the situation again,
and on November "a, 1t passed a
new resolution aimed at the Ka-
tanga secession. Attempts by the
United States to widen the pro-
posal against the forces of Mr..
Gizenga were vetoed by the So
Wet Union. The vote on the res
olution was 80 britain and
France abStained),
Evening star., 1961-12-17
The Background

Katanga is the southernmost
province Of the former Belgian
Congo. 1t is also the richest, and
provided more than half of the
Congos revenue before independ-
ence.
Its leader is 43-year-old Noise
TShombe, former businessman,
descended from the leaders of the
ruling Lunda tribe, and educated
in an American Methodist school.
He was one of the leaders of
the Congo drive for independence,
and aligned his province with the
rest of the Congo when it re-
ceived its freedom on June 80,
1860.
On July II, however. Mr.. Tsh-
ombe suddenly proclaimed his
PROVINCES independence, and
asked Belgium to support him.
This support has been forthcom-
ing, but mainly in economic and
military advisers. Katanga has
not been officially recognized by
any country.
Other Congolese leaders have
condemned the secession from the
start, but with the limited re-
sources at their disposal have
been unable to force Mr.. Tshombe
to rejoin the Congo. The seces-
sion has had severe economic re-
percussions for the rest Of the
Congo supported at present by
U. N. funds.
Last January, when popular
Patrice Lumumba was murdered
by his political opponents, the
threat of civil war and outside
interference seemed so real that
the Security Council adopted q
resolution authorizing force If
necessary to prevent a civil war
and to apprehend mercenarieS.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1961-06-30

The Rev. Bruce Rockwell, of
Critz. will assist the pastor, the
Rev. j. Kenneth Clark. Mr..
Rockwell is a graduate Of the
University of Richmond and
Southeastern Baptist Theological
Seminary. He has served the
Elk Hill church as a supply
pastor while he was attending
the University of Richmond.
Visitors are welcome to the
Homecoming and revival SER
vices.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1961-06-30
July z
July z
Homecoming And
Revival Services
At Elk Hill Church

CUMBERLAND, June % ~
Homecoming will be observed
at Elk Hill Baptist Church Sun
day. July 2 at noon, EDIT, with
lunch on the grounds.
Revival services will follow
the Sunday service through
Friday night. The revival pro-
grams will begin at 8 pm.
Evening star., 1961-02-21

to persuade Mr.. King to pros
ecute one home for operating
without q license.
Mr.. King said the meeting
will be held to decide which, II
any. Of the seven unlicensed
homes still operating in the
District, will be prosecuted.
At a hearing yesterday in his
office at Municipal Court, Mr..
King took the position that it
was unfair to prosecute one Of
the homes but not the rest.
"I'll prosecute the whole
bunch, but I'm not going to
prosecute just one" Mr.. King
said. Let's get the other homes
in here"
In taking this position, Mr..
King agreed in part with the
arguments presented at the in
formal hearing by the operator
Of one home.
Why make such a fuss with
us?" argued Arthur M. Chaite,
attorney for the home in ques-
ton. He asked Mr.. King If his
client was being made an "ex-
ample"
John A. SpieSS, an investi-
gator with the Department of
Licenses and Inspections, said
80 nursing homes have been
closed by the District during
the last six years.
Mr.. SpiesS said the home in
Evening star., 1961-02-21
County registrars from discrim.

County registrars from discrim-
mating against Negro voters.
An admittedly illiterate white
woman told Of . voter registrar
going to her home and signing
her up while Negroes with high
school diplomas testified they
made repeated futile attempts
to register.
The State Is expected to start
presenting its case the middle
Of the week.
At New Bedford, Mass, the
jolly Whalers Drum and Bugle
Corps rejected an invitation to
represent the State at a Junior
Chamber Of Commerce conven-
ton In Atlanta when informed
that seven Negro members
would have to stay overnight
in separate quarters.
Evening star., 1961-02-21

work early last week. Then
Friday the men were placed in
solitary for refusing to work.
The other demonstrators were
on the sick list at the camp
and an 1ith was at the York
County Jail. His transfer was
connected with the refusal Of
the eight to work.
In Atlanta eight Negro doc
tors were arrested when they
tried to eat lunch in the white
cafeteria at the Biltmore Hotel,
where they were attending the
Atlanta Graduate Medical AS
sembly.
The physicians. all from At
llanta, were charged with violat-
ing Georgia's anti-treSpaSs law
and were bound over to the
Criminal Court after a city
court hearing. They were al
lowed to sign their own 500
bonds.
At Nashville, Tenn. police ar
rested about 80 Negroes staging
q stand-in demonstration ir
front of the downtown Ten
nesSee Theater. They were
charged with violating q fire
Evening star., 1961-02-21

question lacked fire-protected
stairs and sprinkler system.
District officials have been
especially concerned about fire
safety at nursing homes since
the February ! blaze at the
Mount Vernon Nursing Home,
1901 Calvert street NV, In
which seven persons died.
If 1t wasn't for the fire, we
wouldn't be in here anyhow"
said Mr.. Chaite.
Mr.. Spiess said summonses
for Thursdays hearing were
being sent today to the follow
ing nursing home operators:
Mrs. Sally Marsh, whose
nursing home is located at 1855
Wyoming avenue NV; Mrs.
Helen Porter. 1927 Belmont
road NV; Mrs. Dee Griffith,
3147 Sixteenth street NV.
Mrs. Anne Carrier, 1887 Mon
roe street NV; Mrs. Elsie Mel
son. 2021 Kalorama road NV;
Mrs. Ida s. Taylor, 42l T street
NV. and Bonamar, Inc, 2S4O
Bladensburg road NE.
Chatham T. Nottingham,
superintendent Of licenses and
permits in the Department of
Licenses and Inspections, said
his office is planning to bring
all seven unlicensed homes into
court.
Evening star., 1961-02-21

law by blocking an exit. Under
city law. all theater entrances
are fire exits, police said.
Earl Kemp, manager Of the
theater, said the Negroes were
attempting to buy tickets. He
said there was "a little showing
but no violence" The arrests
were the first since the stand
ins started at Nashville earlier
this month.
A brief attempt to buy tickets
to a Chattanooga. Tenn, the
ater ended when the Negroes
left after being refused admit
tance.
At Opelika, Ala, trial began
In Federal Court on the Justice
Departments request for an in
junction to prohibit Macon
Evening star., 1961-02-21

the Negroes, Supt. Maloney said.
The eight included Thomas
Gather field secretary Of the
Congress on Racial Equality.
CORES New York headquarters
yesterday telegraphed q protest
to President Kennedy on the
disciplinary action, calling pun-
|ishment for signing "interfer-
ence with personal and religious
freedom. .
Supt. Maloney said the eight
were given half "a day in the
disciplinary cell for refusing to
stop singing and report for
Evening star., 1961-02-21

to work. He said all eight were
released from q disciplinary cell
and returned to assigned tasks
today.
The eight were among 13
Negroes who elected to go to
jail rather than post bail fol-
lowing conviction in anti
segregation demonstrations. I
The prisoners refused 10 work
and were placed in q disciple
nary cell Friday. They received
their first full meal yesterday
after two days Of bread and
water. The disciplinary action
was the second taken against
Evening star., 1961-02-21
8 End Strike, Return
To Prison Camp Work
ns the Associated Press

Eight Negro demonstrators released from disciplinary con-
fneent returned to their work assignments today at the
York County prison camp near Rock Hill, s. c.
Ed Allen County supervisor said the eight caeo
for him prison St Charles c. Maoney late yesterday
and said they were ready sdown strike and return
Evening star., 1961-02-21
8Nursine Homes Called
TO PorI!ey on Licenses

Assistant Corporation Counsel Clark King scheduled
meeting Thursday with operators Of unlicensed nursing
homes that face possible court action
The follows unsuccessful effort yesterday by Of
as Of the Districts Department Of Licenses Inspections
Evening star., 1961-06-28
By BILL FUCHS
star Staff Writer

CLEVELAND, June 2S.-
There's nothing wrong with a
losing streak that one good
victory won't cure, and the
Senators hope they are cured.
They're acting like baseball
players and speaking to each
other again and all'S right with
the world, all the result Of an
8-5 victory last night over the
Indians that ended Washing
tons 10-ganne losing string.
The Senators rode to victory
on the smoking bat of Gene
Green, and were aided and
abetted by a record-tying three
successive home runs and
something they hadn't seen
too much Of 'lately-acceptable
pitching from q starter and
reliever.
They aim for more Of the
same tonight in a twi-night
double header against the
same team. The Indians, who
have lost eight of their last
nine games, will throw two of
their top performers at the
Senators-Jim Perry (6-5) and
Mudcat Grant (7-D.
The Senators will pitch Joe
Evening star., 1961-06-28

be operating by 1862, Frick
said: "The owners agreed that
if and when we expand fur
ther, all clubs will work to-
gether rather than gallop
around on their own"
Frick indicated that at pres
ent the major leagues must con-
centrate on bolstering the new
10-team lineup.
The National League adopted
a sliding scale to provide ma
jor league talent for its newest
members, the New York Nets
and the Houston Colts.
The National League next
year will operate with 10 teams
with the New York Nets playing
temporarily in the Polo Grounds
and the Houston Colts also be-
ginning in a provisional sta.
dium.
After the World Series this
fall, each National League cluE
will make available to New YorI
and Houston Is players from it
roster of August 81, 1861, sever
from its 25-player active lis
Evening star., 1961-06-28

decided for the Washington
attraction.
The rest Of the action in the
short joint meeting Of the two
leagues had to do with curtail-
ing excessive bonuses, stream
lining minor league clubs and
building for the future. Prick
said it would take 10 years to
accomplish that program.
The commissioner said he
will soon appoint a committee
to draw up q plan for bonus
legislation, consisting Of two
owners and four general man
ayers from each league.
AS for the minors, Frick said
he would like a plan that would
guarantee enough teams to
supply talent to 20 major
league clubs. One baseball
official said he thought IA or
so minor leagues would be suf-
ficient, including two each at
levels AAA, AA and A, and
four leagues at Class B and
Glass c levels.
AS for expansion beyond the
! two l0-team leagues which will
Evening star., 1961-06-28
White Sox Leaving Wake
Of Destruction in AL Race

first with q victory, were
beaten, 7-6, at Los Angeles.
Washington. after losing 10
in q row, raped Cleveland,
8-5. Baltimore Joined Chicago
in fourth place by sweeping
Kansas City, 5-3 and To. And
Minnesota plunked Boston
back to sixth with a 6-5 and
6-3 twi-night sweep over the
Red Sox.
The Sox, working behind
Frank Baumann, Don Larsen,
Warren Hacker, Billy Pierce
and Turk Lown, won the first
game on a two-run homer by
Minnie MinoSo in the eighth
inning off losing Reliever Paul
Foytack (5-5). Baumann also
homered for Chicago, while
Rocky Colavito and Foytack
hit home runs for Detroit as
the Tigers wiped out q 40 Sox
lead. Hacker (2-D was the
winner.
Every man in the Sox lineup
except Nellie Fox drove in o
run In the second game. Pizarro
(4-0) held the Tigers hitleSS for
5S innings and kept them
scoreless until the ninth, fin
iShing with q five-hitter. Phil
Regan (7-3) was the loser as
Detroit dropped two in o row
for the first time in three
weeks.
Eddie Yost, with only two
RBI all season, drove In four
runs against the Yankees and
brought the Angels from be-
Evening star., 1961-06-28
BY the Associated Press

The Chicago White Sox, stone
cold In the cellar little more
than two weeks ago, suddenly
are battling to make room at
the top in the American League
pennant race after soaring
first-place Detroit in their
sizzling comeback.
The Sox moved into fourth
place with a 12-game streak
their longest since 1851, by
knocking off the Tigers, 6-5
and Ill, in a twi-night dou-
ble-header before q standing
room crowd of 57,271 at Detroit
last night. That's the longest
winning string-and the big
gest crowd-in the majors this
season.
The sweep made it 10 VIC
tories in 20 games for Chicago,
now only ia games out Of first
and within three games Of
third place Cleveland. The
White Sox were 10th, 15h
games behind then first-place
Cleveland, when the streak be-
gan on June II.
Manager AL Lopez went for
broke In the opener, using
three starting pitchers. But
he relaxed in the nightcap as
the Sox paired a 19-hit bar
rage with Juan Pizarro's steady
pitching and shaved Detroit's
lead to q half-game over New
York.
The second-place Yankees,
who could have taken over
Evening star., 1961-06-28

hind with a winning, three
run homer in the fifth inning
against Bud Daley (5-1O. Ken
Hunt also walloped q three
run homer for the Angels,
whose first four runs were
unearned. The Yanks, scoring
three unearned runs, had
homers by Bob Cerv and Billy
Gardner. Ted Bowsfield (4-2)
was the winner, with three
innings of one-hit, shutout
relief by ex-Yank Eli Grba.
Marv Throneberry drove in
four runs and belted q pair of
solo homers in the opener for
the Orioles. Both were off loser
Ed Rakow (0-2) and the first
broke a 3-3 tie in the fifth
inning, giving the victory to
Milt Pappas (4-3). Ron Hansen
and Jim Gentle homered in the
second game. with both of
Gentile's shots good for two
runs. Chuck Estrada (5.5) was
the winner and Art Ditmar
(2-D took the loss.
A two-run single by Zoilo
Versailles brought the Twins
from behind with two out in
the eighth inning of the first
game and beat Mike Fornieles
(5-D. Bob Allison's grand-slam
home run bagged the nightcap
in the sixth inning against Gene
Conley (3-6). Danny McDevitt
(2-O won the opener in relief,
and Pedro Ramos (5-9), pitch
ing a shutout for eight innings,
took the second game.