davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-18

best in the Nation. he said
after receiving the clubs
Plaque of Distinction" for out
standing business leadership.
The luncheon at the Presi-
Dental Arms celebrated the
50th anniversary Of Raleigh
Haberdasher. and Mr.. Lans-
burgh recalled the firms his
tory.
Executives of many leading
area stores. newspapers and
other organizations attended.
The plaque was presented to
Mr.. Lansburgh by Frank Katen,
cluS president.
Established in 1911
When Raleigh Haberdasher
was founded by Clarence Gros-
ner at 1109 Pennsylvania av-
enue NV. In 1911. 1t derived its
name from the nearby Raleigh
Hotel. It had q l4-foot front
and carried only mems furn-
ishings.
The adjoining building was
taken over and mems clothing
added in 1914. The company
moved to its present downtown
location at 1910 F street NV. in
1928 and much additional floor
space and women's apparel
have been added since then.
Suburban stores in Chevy
Chase and Wheaton also have
been opened.
Raleigh Haberdasher has
seen some big changes in the
clothing business in its So
year history. Mr.. Lansburgh
emphasized. In 1911, Hart,
Schaffner & Marx suits re-
tailed for STATS without vests
and sic with vests. he pointed
out.
After the death of Mr.. Gros-
ner in 1852, Mr.. Lansburgh
and his family acquired con-
troll of the business. Mrs. Gros-
ner attended the 50th ami
versary luncheon and was in
troduced by Mr.. Lansburgh
during his speech.
The speaker reviewed the
Washington areas growth from
a population of 672, 900 in 1880
to o ppulation Of $685. 900 in
1910. then to .464.000 in 1850
and . million in 1860.
The population rose A per
cent from 1880 to 1870 while
the rest of the country grew
only 8 per cent. In the '40s.
population grew another 50 per
cent while the Nation gained
IA per cent, he recounted.
Exceeded Expectations
After this kind of expansion.
Mr.. Lansburgh said he had
expected the area only to hold
its own in comparison with
national growth in the 1950s.
yet q further growth OF IS
per cent took place, compared
with a national gain Of 20 per
cent.
An important factor In the
added growth came from serv-
ice business which had not
caught UP with growth in the
Government and other sectors,
ne said.
The Federal Government es-
Enlistment will continue TO
expand in the next two
decades and will give strong
support to additional growth.
which experts predict will in
crease area population TO rs
million by 1870 and 3.5 million
by 1880. the speaker said.
These area gains of around
80 per cent for each decade
would compare with national
gains of around Is per cent
and Keep this area among the
major growth areas, he de-
clared.
In addition to a growing
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-18
Where Do You Stand on the
Business Gift Problem?

Now is the time when business firms start
reviewing their Christmas list and seeking
out appropriate gifts. Have you considered
our Tiffany Collection of Sterling Desk and
personal gifts? Prices start at 81. They
are the epitome of good taste. They will
be used again and again with great affection
and serve as a constant reminder of the
giver -. often in the business setting where
buying decisions are made We offer them
in handsome Chas. Schwartz Gift Boxes at
no extra charge. In addition to Tiffany, we
can show you a. wide variety of other gifts
from the very practical to the utterly friv-
olous. Why give less than the best? Give
us your budget, we have the prestige gift
to match it. Call Mr.. Blanken, ST. 3.lS25.
Chas. Schwartz & Son, 1913 St. NV.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-18
MUTUAL FUNDS

NEW YORK CAP)
National Associs-
ton Securities Deal
are rar
Evening star., 1961-09-09
Plane Rescues
Injured Sailor

A young GalaX, Va), sailor
is in Walter Reed Hospital to-
day with a chance for survival
he might not have had with
out the aid of the Navy.
Jack Lee Meredith, 20, suf-
fered internal injuries in an
automobile accident in Galax
on Thursday. One kidney was
removed and the other NAL
functioned. Meredith's physi-
clan placed a call for help to
the Naval District medical of
flee in Norfolk, stating that the
youths chances for survival
were slim unless he could be
placed in a larger hospital with
more complete facilities.
The Norfolk base sent a plane
to Roanoke, the nearest air
port to Galax, to pick up the
injured sailor and transport
him to Anacostia Naval Air
base. There the plane was met
by a Walter Reed ambulance
a nd young Meredith was
whisked to the hospital.
A physician at Walter Reed
reported that the sailors condi-
ton, while still serious, was
satisfactory. Young Meredith
is the son of Mr.. and Mrs.
Lloyd Meredith of Galax.
Evening star., 1961-09-09
Mrs. Borrineer,
AdmiruI's Wife

Mrs. Victor C. Barringer, jr.,
81, a native Washingtonian,
died Thursday at the Bethesda
Naval Hospital following long
illness.
She was the wife of Rear Ad-
miral Victor C. Barringer, jr.,
USN ret.) of 3040 Foxhall
road NV, where they had
lived since l945.
The former Hilda Eberly jan
son, Mrs. Barringer was a mem
ber of the Navy Relief Society
and the American Red Cross
Motor Corps. During World
War II she headed the motor
corps for the American Wom-
ems Voluntary Services.
In addition to her husband,
she leaves a son. Victor j., of
New York City, and a daugh-
ter. Mrs. Thomas V. A. Worn
ham of San Diego. Calf.
GraveSide services will be
at 1890 am. Monday at Ar
lington Cemetery.
Evening star., 1961-09-09
Winfield Preston, Builder,
HospituIized Years byCrush

the main streets of the Dis
trict.
During his career he also
built the old Laurel Speedway
be tween Wash ngton and
Maryland, a mile and a quar-
ter track for race cars, now
the Laurel Race Track.
He was member of the old
Riding and Hunt Club, and a
founding member of the Mas
ter Builders Association, the
Congressional Country Club
and the old Washington Gun
Club. He was also a member
of the Metropolitan Washing
ton Board of Trade.
He leaves his wife, the for
mer Margaret Stoner of 203
Old Georgetown Pike, Nc
Lean; a son. Winfield Preston,
jr., of 4508 South Langley
lane, Mclean, ana three
grandchildren.
Funeral services will be at
IL am. Monday at Gawlers
Funeral Home, 1856 Pennsyl-
vania avenue NV. The fam
lily requests that expressions of
sympathy take the form of
contributions to the building
fund of st. Lukes Catholic
Church, Mclean.
Evening star., 1961-09-09
Marin Purdons
Doris TorresoIu

SAN JUAN, Puerto Rico,
Sept. 9 (APj.-Gov. Luis Munoz
Marin yesterday pardoned
Puerto Rican nationalist Doris
Torresola. a close associate Of
jailed nationalist leader Pedro
Albizu Campos.
Miss Torresola was convicted
in 1854 Of attempted murder.
The Governor acted on a rec
commentator of the Common
wealth Justice Department that
said Miss Torresola was in need
OF mental treatment.
She was transferred from the
women's prison to a government
psychiatric hospital. Officials
said she was scheduled to COM
plete her prison sentence in
March, 1868.
In 1854, after island nation
lists shot up the United States
House of Representatives and
wounded five Corgressmen, po-
lice went to Albizu Campos'
headquarters to arrest him. AL
olzu Campos, along with Miss
Torresola and other national
lists, resisted with firearms and
were charged with attempted
murder.
Albizu Campos later was con-
victed of advocating the violent
overthrow of the United States
Government. He was sentenced
to serve from IL to 81 years.
Evening star., 1961-09-09

Long and Overton of Louisiana
in the 1882 election, called on
Mr.. Holland in 1882. He went
to New Orleans and conducted
a preliminary Investigation.
gathered material for hearings
held later.
The following year he charged
the committee was trying to
whitewash the election activi-
ties of the two Louisiana Sena- :
tors. Because he was recognized
as one of the most able and eff
ficient investigators for the
Senate. his charges created a
stir on Capitol Hill.
Following his Senate assign
ments, Mr.. Holland worked for
various Government agencies.
During World War II he was
with the office of Strategic
Services for a time. After the
war he went to the Agriculture
Department, where he remained
until his retirement last year.
Mr.. Holland, who was born
in Butte, Mont, came to Wash
ington in 1919. While he was
working as a clerk with Sena-
tor Walsh he attended the
Georgetown Law School, from
which he was graduated in
1921.
He leaves no immediate rela-
tives.
Evening star., 1961-09-09
John Modieon, 68, Star
Pressmun for 43 Years

John J. Madigan. SO. a press
man at The Star for 43 years,
died of cancer Thursday night
at the Calvert County Hospital
in Prince Frederick. Md.
A resident of North Beach,
Md, he entered the hospital a
week ago.
Mr.. Madigan, who retired in
1854. was scheduled to receive
his 50-year pin from The Star
in December.
A native of Washington, he
attended Gonzaga High School
at North Capitol and I streets
and started work at The Star
in 1911.
His wife, Agnes, died 13
years ago.
Mr.. Madigan was a member
of Web PresSmen's Union, Lo-
cal No. s. of Washington.
He leaves a sister, Mrs. Ralph
D. Snoddy of 2026 North Ver-
mont street. Arlington, and two
brothers. Owen and William
F., both of AZ Girard street NE.
Mass will be offered at II
am. Monday at st. Aloysius
Church, l9 l street NV. fol-
Evening star., 1961-09-09
Col. GoodeII , in 2 Wars
Headed Firms Branch

Col. Goodell served as chair
man for Cape Cod of the Red
Cross fund raising campaign
of 1859 and chairman of the
cancer campaign in 1946. for
the State of New Jersey.
He was a member of the
American Ordnance Associa-
ton, the Military Order of
World Wars and the Retired
Officers Association. Col.
Goodell was chairman of the
church council of Wesleyan
Methodist Church of East
Dennis. Mass.
He leaves his wife. Mrs. Ger
trude Murphy Goodell of the
home address, two sons, John
Boyden Goodell, jr. and Roger
Wolcott Goodell, both of Bal
timore, and daughter, Mrs.
Gunter Faure of Boston. Mass.
Col. Goodell also leaves two
sisters, Mrs. Frank Ramsey of
California and Mrs. David
Moss of New Jersey.
Services were yesterday in
East Dennis. Burial will be at
II am. Monday at Arlington
Cemetery. The family requests
that expressions of sympathy
be in the form of contributions
to the Memorial Fund of the
First Wesleyan Methodist So
ciety, East Dennis, Mass.
Evening star., 1961-09-09
Vincent O'Konek, 44, D. c.
Chef and Army Veteran

Vincent Joseph O'Konek, a.
a we'll known Washington chef
of l2804 Jingle lane, Silver
Spring, died yesterday at
Doctors Hospital of cancer. He
had been hospitalized for two
weeks.
Born in Deulen, Mimi, Mr..
O'Konek grew up in st. Cloud,
MINI. and attended Marquette
University in Wisconsin. He
was then graduated from the
Lewis Hotel Training School
here.
AS an Army sergeant, Mr..
O'Konek fought in Okinawa
and Korea and served in this
country from 1940-45.
After leaving the Army he
held the post of banquet chef
at the Statler Hotel here for
eight years. He then worked
for three years at the Old
Pueblo Club in Tucson, Ariz.,
where he became known for
producing elaborate buffets.
Returning to the District,
Mr.. O'Konek was executive
chef at Alex Stuart's restau-
rant for one year.
Before he became i'll in
June. Mr.. O'Konek was chef
for two years at the Manger-
Hamilton hotel here.
He was a member of the
Evening star., 1961-09-09
John Holland, 81, Senote's S
Teapot Dome Investigator

John G. Holland. 81, a for
mer Senate Investigator who
took part in the inquiries into
the Tea Pot Dome oil leases
and the charges of fraud in
the Louisiana elections in 1882,
died of a heart attack Thurs
day. He lived at 1902 Otis
street NE.
Mr.. Holland played an i'm
portant role in both Of the
controversial cases. He was
serving as a clerk in the office
of Senator Walsh of Montana
when he was asked to make
preliminary Investigations for
hearings on the Tea Pot Dome
leases. and gathered much of
the information on which the
Senator pressed the inquiry.
Later he went to New York
to work as an investigator in
the office of the prohibition
enforcement officer there. He
returned to Washington in 1928
to join the Senate Lobby Com
mittee. From there he went to
a Senate committee looking
into Post Office Department
contracts.
The Senate Campaign In
vestigating Committee, which
was looking into charges of
fraud against Senators Huey
Evening star., 1961-09-09

Retired Army Col. John Boy
den Goodell. former head of
the Washington branch of the
Edison Battery Co.. died Tues
day at Chelsea Marine Hospital
near Boston, Mass, after a long
illness.
Col. Goodell had been hospi-
talized for two months before
his death. A resident of Chevy
Chase, for 19 years, he had lived
in East Dennis, Mass. since re-
tiring from the Army in 1854.
Born in Brooklyn, N. Y, Col.
Goodell was educated in Mont
clair, N. j., and at the Stevens
Institute of Technology.
During World War 1 he serv-
ed in the Navy and after the
war was employed by the Edi-
son Battery Co. here.
During World War II he re-
ceived his rank of colonel and
was awarded the Legion of
Merit for his work in the
European Theater.
For six years after the war
Col. Goodell served in the ordi-
nance division of the Pentagon.
He then was made executive
officer of the Admission Ord
nance Depot in Alabama.
AS chief of the procurement
office of the Pittsburgh ord
nance district Col. Goodell re-
tired from the Army in 1854.
Evening star., 1961-09-09
Mrs. Tyson, 81,
Daughter of U. S.
Envoy to Canada

Mrs. William Tyson, 81
daughter of Livingston T. Mer-
chant, the United States Am
baSSador to Canada, died yes
terday in Georgetown Univer-
Sity Hospital after an illness
of several months.
The former Elizabeth Gerard
Merchant, Mrs. Tyson was the
wife of a Washington realtor.
She was graduated from Miss
Porter's school in Pennington,
Conn, in l947, and from Holton
Arms here in 1949.
She and her husband came
to Washington last spring after
a five-year residence in Reno,
Nevada.
Her home was at 1853 Lough-
boro road NV.
Besides her husband and
parents, Mrs. Tyson leaves -four
children. three by a former
marriage: Charles r. Leutz III,
Susan G. Leutz, Virginia w.
Leutz and Elizabeth S. Tyson.
Funeral arrangements are
being handled by Joseph Gaw-
ler's Sons.
Evening star., 1961-09-09
Dr.. Kinnomon, "a,
Archueoloqist

STOCKTON, Calf. Sept. 9
CAP) DIR. John o. Kinnaman,
the last survivor among 20
archaeologists who discovered
the tomb of the Egyptian
Pharaoh, Tutankhamen. died
yesterday of a heart attack.
He was "a.
There was little about his life
or death to lend support to
the myth that the discovery
of King Tut's tomb in 1922
placed a curse on the men who
found it. He inherited a small
fortune from his father but
lost it during the depression of
the early 1930s.
His only survivor is his
widow Flo Vera.
Evening star., 1961-09-09
Children Warned
About Wisteriu
BY the Associated Press

Children should be cautioned
not to eat wisteria pods, which
are poisonous. Surg. Gen. Lu-
ther L Terry of the Public
Health Service has warned.
DR.. Terry said the national
clearinghouse for poison con-
troll centers had uncovered this
previously unsupported source
of poisoning to children. He
said that in one reported case
a child became acutely i'll after
eating only two seeds from a
wisteria pod. All of the re-
ported victims recovered after
treatment By physicians, fol-
lowing notice from poison con-
troll centerS.
Wisteria plants native to
North America may take the
form of vines, bushes or trees.
The common symptoms of wis
terra poisoning are repeated
vomiting, nausea. abdominal
pain, diarrhea and abdominal
swelling.
Evening star., 1961-09-09

Winfield Preston, 78, a build
er and contractor in Washing
ton for As years, died yester-
day after a long illness.
Mr.. Preston had been hos
pitalized for the last IL years
with injuries he received in
an automobile accident on
Suitland parkway and Naylor
avenue.
A native of Lancaster
County, Pa, Mr.. Preston moved
to Washington in 1908. AS a
young man he worked as a
level man on the construction
of the Department of Agri-
culture Building.
Mr.. Preston went into the
construction business for him.
self in 1908. From 1915 to
1922 he helped construct many
of the buildings on Seventh
and Ninth streets N. W., then
Evening star., 1961-09-09
Sumuel HunIein,
81, Sign Painter

Samuel Hanlein, 80. a sign
painter in the District for over
40 years, died Thursday in Sib-
ley Hospital following a short
illness.
Mr.. Hsnlein. a native of the
District, operated a sign paint
ing office at 934 D street NV.
until his retirement three years
ago. He was a member of the
Washington Lodge No. Is B.P.O.
ElkS, and the Metropolitan
Washington Board of trade. He
lived at 5415 Connecticut ave-
nue. NV.
He leaves three brothers. Isa-
dore of 5404 Fourth street NV,
Joseph of 80 E street NV,
and Julius Handlein of 910
Massachusetts, avenue NE.
Funeral services will be at
l pm. Tuesday at the Hines
Funeral Home. 2901 Fourteeth
street NV. Burial will be in
the Washington Hebrew Con-
gregational Cemetery.
Evening star., 1961-09-09
RUSK REVEALS
HE WAS READY
TO ENTER ARMY

Secretary of State RuSk
revealed last night that he
was on the verge of enter
ing the Regular Army
when he was tapped for
his first postwar job in the
State Department.
Mr.. Rusk, an Army Off
Ger during World War II,
told the Association of the
United States Army that
he had applied for a Regu-
lar Army commission and
was three days away from
his Swearing-in date in
1947 when the then Secre-
tary of State George C.
Marshall picked him to
head the departments
United Nations Affairs Of
flee.
Mr.. Rusk told Army
Secretary Elvis j. Stahr,
jr,, that files probably still
contain a letter asking
kindly consideration If at
some future date my appli-
cation should be renewed"
Evening star., 1961-09-09
Gen. Walton, II, Dies;
Pioneer Army Flyer

Retired Air Force Maj. Gen
Leo A. Walton, a pioneer in
aviation, died Thursday follow
ing a heart attack in a hospital
in Orlando, Fla. He was II.
Born in Salem, Oreg., Gen
Walton was graduated from the
United States Military Academy
in 1915 and was commissioned
as a second lieutenant in the
cavalry.
In 1920 he transferred to the
air service, becoming one of
the first pilots in the armed
services. He took command of
the lst Detachment, lSt Bonn
bardment group in Fort Bliss,
Tex. In 1921 he came to Wash
ington and was assigned to the
Office of the Chief of Air
Service.
During World War II. he
served first as the chief of
staff Of the 9Th Air Force
Headquarters, Caribbean De-
fense Command. In 1945 he was
assigned air inspector of the
Evening star., 1961-09-09

Chefs de Cuisine in Arizona,
of the Chefs and Stewards AS
sociation of California and Ari-
zona and a former member of
the Veterans of Foreign Wars,
In addition to his culinary
talents, Mr.. O'Konek followed
the hobby of flower-raising.
He leaves his wife, Mrs. M.
O'Konek and his
daughter, Stephanie, both of
the home address. He also
leaves three sisters, Genevieve
OKonek and Mrs. Don Reitsma
of Minneapolis, MINI. and Mrs.
Darrell Moog of St. Cloud,
MINI.
He leaves eight brothers,
jerome O'Konek of Willmar
Mimi; Hubert O'Konek of Su-
perior, Wise; Aloysius O'Konek
of Minneapolis; CWO Mark
OKonek CUSMC), stationed in
Norfolk, Va; Herman O'Konek
of st. Cloud; Virgil O'Konek of
Waukeegan, H.; Bernard
O'Konek of Window. Mimi,
and Gene OKonek of Rantoul,
III.
Services will be held at 10
am. Monday at st. Berna-
dette's Roman Catholic Church,
Silver Spring. Md. Burial will
take place at Parklawn Gene
terry.
Evening star., 1961-09-09
R. A. McKinnon,
Embassy Official
In Upper Volta
BY the Associated press

The State Department has
announced the death of Robert
Allen McKinnon, First Secre-
tary of the United States EN-
basyy in Ouagadougou. Repub-
lie of Upper Volta.
Mr.. McKinnon died yesterday
in an Army hospital at Frank
fort. Germany. where he had
been taken last Sunday.
State Department officials
said that he was reported to
have suffered an infection
which resulted in a kidney
failure.
The 37-year-old foreign serv-
ice officer was a native of Win
chester, Mass, but the depart
ment announcement gave his
family home as Marenisco
Mich. He leaves his wife and
three daughters.
Mr.. McKinnon was a grad
uate of Yale University and the
Fletcher School of Law and
Diplomacy. He served during
World War II as an officer in
the Marine Corps. He Joined
the foreign service in 1948.
Evening star., 1961-09-09
New T-Men
GetCriime
Peril Views

Attorney General Kennedy
yesterday told the graduating
class of the Treasury Depart
ment's enforcement school that
by pooling their information
Federal agencies can wage a
much more successful battle
against organized crime in the
Nation.
I'VE face a long struggle and
a difficult future. and it is my
opinion that men who are in
volved in law enforcement are
in the front lines" Mr.. Ken
nedy said.
He pointed out that although
America faces many foes from
without its borders, very dan
gerous but insidious enemy ex-
lists within our society.
ITS crippling effects are felt
in every community in the
Nation" he said. And so we
you and I-muSt take effec-
tive action not only against
organized crime but the citi-
zens who mask their illegal op-
erations behind cloaks of re-
spectability. We must move
directly and we must move
vigorously"
He told the new T-men of
some of the convictions which
have been won by cooperation
among the Federal investigative
agencies.
Recently. Mickey Cohen was
sent to AlcatraZ following his
second conviction for income
tax evasion. Frank Costello
and Tony Accardo are other
racketeers who have been con-
victed of tax violations and we
have income tax evasion in
dictments pending against sew
eral major racketeers," Mr..
Kennedy said.
The Attorney General pointed
out that the fight was not
merely with the gambling and
dope-running interests.
In connection with the So
called commercial crimes
Carmine Lombardozzi of Brook
lyn has been indicted i'll three
States for violation of the
Securities and Exchange Com
mission Act" he said.
Evening star., 1961-09-09

China Theater of Operations,
returning to Mitchell Air Force
Base in New York in 1916.
In June. 1916 he became
ommanding general of the l4th
Air Force in Orlando, Fla. and
in l948 he returned to WASH
ington as the deputy director
of the Secretary of the Air
Force Personnel Council.
He retired in l949 and moved
to Winter Park. Fla. He had
been awarded the Legion of
Merit. the Bronze Star and the
rating of command pilot, COM
bat observer and air craft OBJ
server.
He leaves a son, Spencer
Walton of Bernardsville, N. j.:
a daughter, Mrs. Bert Greene
of Orlando, Fla, and six grand
children.
Funeral services will be at
10 am. Tuesday at Fort Myer
Chapel. and burial with full
military honors will be in
Arlington Cemetery.
Evening star., 1961-09-09
Obituaries
AnuFiItnn

DINOWITZ, BESSIE n. The unyeiIing
services for BESSIE R. DINOWITz
Will be held on Sunday September
Z. 1851, at y am. at King David
Cemetery. All relatives and friends
are invited.
EDLONlTCH, MARY. dwelling serv-
ices in memory Of the late MARY
EDLIVTTCH will be held on Sun
day. September Il, 1851. at 10
an, at the AdaS Israel Cemetery
Relatives and friends invited.
l0.15.l6 e
SPAR, WALTER JOE. There will be
I9HSsiRS JoE SPAR Re pefeVs9 9smSfy hus S
band Of Norma Spar son OF Rose
Spar and brother of DR.. Irving
spar, on Sunday, September L.
sl9Bl. at 1870 pm. at Arlington
National Cemetery: section IS. grave
S3O5. Relatives and friends in
yited. 1915
Evening star., 1961-09-09
Hebrew Academy
Memorial for a

The Hebrew Academy of
Washington will hold memorial
services at $3.50 pm. Thursday
for persons whose names are
inscribed on plaques at the
academy.
Four students, Sholom Gold
feder, David Gordon, Samuel
Pascal and Jay Pomrenze, will
recite from the Mishna. DR..
Solomon N. Skaist, principal,
and Rabbi Bernard Jacobson.
director, will conduct the serv-
ices.
Cantor Samuel Taube of
Beth Sholom Congregation will
chant the memorial prayer.
Evening star., 1961-09-09
F. ". Berens, 63,
Mortgage Banker

Frederick w. Berens, SO, re-
tired president and board chair
man of the Berens mortgage
banking, realty and insurance
firms here. died yesterday at
Atlantic City Hospital following
a prolonged illness.
He entered the hospital a
week ago while he and Mrs.
Berens were vacationing in
Atlantic City. He had been
living at Pompano Beach, Fla,
since his retirement in 1852.