davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-11-12
For Firm Stand

West Germany, for instance,
has generally sided with France
in not wanting to pursue negotia-
tons with the Russians. The Ger
mans and French have argued
that by taking the initiative, the
West appears ready to "appease"
Mr.. Khrushchev. Since he has
started the crisis, they argue, let
him propose acceptable terms.
Great Britain and the United
States, however, have felt it bet
4. ter to discuss differences rather
than to make inflammatory state
ments. Their approach, they be-
lieve, lessons tension, while the
French and German one, in
creases it.
BY sometimes acting belliger-
ent, and sometimes conciliatory,
Mr.. Khrnshchev has attempted to
take advantage of these differ
ences and increase the disagree
Fnert within the West.
Thus his hard" actions, such
as sealing off East Berlin, and
blasting the super bomb. fortify
the French German view that a
strong stand is necessary.
His soft" poses, however, such
as removing the end-of-year dead
line, and last weeks new pro-
posals, tend to- strengthen the
British-American position.
Evening star., 1961-11-12
Defense:
More Money

President Kennedy last week
said he would ask Cor more
money. for defense next year.
He continued, too, to exploit
worldwide resentment at So
Wet nuclear testing in the at
mOsphere.
Early in October, Deputy Sec
retary of Defense Roswell Gill
patric gave a public itemization
of the strategic striking power of
the United States.
His statement, considered long
overdue by many observers, repre-
sented an administration switch
from a policy of speaking in a
whisper. 1t doubtless was intended
to counter Soviet boasts of their
nuclear power. thus so othin 6
fears of our allies and the nom
aligned nations, and TO make GER
tain the Soviet had no Illusions
about our strength. Est'
Perhaps the major claim made
by Mr.. Gilpatric was this: Even
though the Soviet might launch a
surprise attack against the United
States, we would have as much or
more striking power remaining
than the Soviet had before it
struck the first blow.
Then, on November 2, when
Mr.. Kennedy announced that, in
view of extensive Soviet nuclear
testing in the atmosphere, we
would prepare to do the same, and
actually conduct such tests. if
necessary to our own security, he
declared:
This much can be said with
certainty now: In terms of total
military strength, the Unite d
States would not trade places
with any nation on earth :.
we have many times more nu-
clear power than any other ma
ton =. :. and these capabilities
are deployed so as to survive any
sneak attack :"
Evening star., 1961-11-12
The Hughes Race

In New Jersey: The Democrats
scored stunning, if narrow, up
set victory in the gubernatorial
race, proving that occasionally
you can beat somebody with no.
body" The nobody" in this case
is Mr., Hughes, a relatively OBJ
scure judge at the time of his
nomination. He beat James P.
Mitchell, nationally known Sec
retary of Labor in the Eisen-
hover cabinet, by $4,000 votes.
The race also showed that two
Presidents are better than one.
Mr.. Kennedy and former President
Truman made campaign speeches
for Mr.. Hughes; Gen. Eisenhower
did the same for Mr. Mitchell.
But the q. o. P. could-afld
Mr. Rockefeller did point out
that the Hughes margin of $4,000
compared with a whopping plu-
rality of 270,000 registered by the
present Democratic Governor,
Robert Meyner, four years ago.
In Texas: The vote on Noyem-
Der 4 saw the Democrats keep a
congressional seat in a hotly
fought race. Former President Eli
Senhower campaigned for the Re
publican candidate; Vice President
johnson and (perhaps more i'm
portantly) Mexico,s leading enter
tainer, the Comedian Cantinflas,
stumped for the winner.
The Republican. John Goode,
ran well, however, garnering As
per cent of the vote. Some OBJ
servers see in this another indi-
cation = the election Of Senator
Tower, Texas first Republican
since Reconstruction was one
that a genuine two-party system
is being built in the Lone Star
State.
In Pennsylvania: The Republi-
cans won the only Statewide
contest, a 20-year term for a
State Supreme Court justice. In
winning, they held the Democratic
plurality in Philadelphia to 10000,
less than half that predicted by
Democratic leaders.
In many of the other States,
like Kentucky, Ohio and Connect
icut, which held elections on
Tuesday, the Republicans ap-
Evening star., 1961-11-12
Nehru Visit:
Differences

President Kennedy said last
week he was considering care
fully" what steps to take in
troubled South Wet Nam. To
help reach decision, he
studied Gen, Maxwell ID. Tay-
lor's report on the Southeast
Asian nation, and discussed the
situation with Prime Minister
Nehru.
In their communique last week,
President Kennedy and Prime
Minister Nehru said that the
subjects they covered amount al
most to a map of the troubled
areas of the world.
AS far as the West is con-
cerned, there are primarily two
troubled areas: Germany and
Southeast Asia.
On the German issue, the two
men apparently had little dis
agreement. The Prime Minister
recognized the Vests legal and
moral rights in West Berlin, and
"concurred in the legitimate and
necessary right of access to Ber-
lin"
On the question of Southeast
Asia. however, the two leaders
did not agree, for they have diff
ferent approaches to Asia prob
lens.
Evening star., 1961-11-12
THE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
A New Plan on Berlin

Western diplomats were study
ing a series Of informal Soviet
proposals to settle the German
Berlin crisis.
Konrad Adenauer; the venerable
West German chancellor. was re-
elected last week, ending weeks of
pickering over a new Bonn cab
met.
Immediately after the Bunde-
stag vote, it was announced that
Mr.. Adenauer and President Ken
nedy would meet in Washington
on November 20.
Der Alte's" visit will be pri-
marily a business one. He will be
asked to clarity the German posi-
tion on the German-Berlin ques-
ton. His view is needed to formu-
late an effective policy.
Since any solution will directly
affect West Germany, Mr.. Ade-
nauer and Mr.. Kennedy have "a
substantial amount of material to
discuss. Western policy has been
anything but united, and agree
ment by these two men would go
far in overcoming the differences.
Ever since the Russians heated
up the issue last June, the West
ern powers have agreed on some
points, but disagreed on others.
This has had the undesirable
effect of retarding Western re-
sponses to Soviet maneuvers. and
of leading Premier Khrushchev to
see contradictions" within the
NATO bloc.
Evening star., 1961-11-12
Ecuador:
New Regime

Jose Velasco Ibarra resigned
as Ecuador's President last week
under pressure from the mill
tary. Vice President Julio Ar0s-
enema succeeded him, after
gaining the support of Congress
and the air force.
If President Kennedy's Alliance
for Progress ever becomes real
ity, Ecuador is one of the coun-
tries most likely to profit.
This l31-year-old republic, sit
uated on South Americas north
west coast, has the resources nee
esSary to prosper, but it suffers
from the perennial Latin America
maladies political instability,
economic unrest and social i'm
mobility.
In addition. it has a large mil
itary establishment that drains
approximately Is per cent of the
national budget, but stands aloof
from civilian control.
No one symbolizes this political
instability better than the de-
parted President Ibarra. A popular
man with the voters, a dema-
gogue at heart, Mr.. Ibarra first
was elected President of Ecuador
in 1884 but he was ouSted by a
military coup d'etat in 1885.
Evening star., 1961-11-12
New Proposals

The new proposals, apparently
made informally to Hans Kroll,
the West German ambassador in
Moscow, included these main
points:
/. The Soviet Union, United
States, Great Britain, and France
would agree on a new status for
West Berlin that would guarantee
freedom for West Berliners, pro-
vide free access to the city, and
allow allied troops to remain.
2. The Soviet Union would sign
a separate agreement with East
Germany, in which the latter
would be obligated to respect the
agreement between the Soviet
Union and the West.
8. The West would sign an
agreement with West Germany to
respect" the sovereignty of East
Germany.
4. There would then be negotia-
tons for a peace treaty for Ger
many and on disarmament.
Western officials said these pro-
poSals had been advanced by For
eign Minister Gromyko in private
talks with American and British
diplomats more than a month
ago.
Mr.. Gromyko was asked then
to be specific about what consti-
tuted guarantees" for West Ber-
lin and what the Soviet Union
meant by the West respecting"
the sovereignty of East Germany.
Because these latest proposals
did not answer those questions,
some diplomats tended to dismiss
them as nothing new"
Evening star., 1961-11-12
Ousted Again

In 1914, he was elected again
but was forced out by another
military coup in 1947.
In 1852, he won election for the
third time, and finished his four
year term without incident. Since
the Ecuador constitution does not
allow a man to run for office
twice in succession he dropped
out of political life for four years.
He was reelected, however, in
1860, and embarked on a program
to stabilize Ecuador's economy.
The country's economy is based
almost entirely on two cash
crops, bananas and coffee. Like
other Latin American countries, if
the price on these products drops
even slightly, the whole popula-
tion suffers.
AS part of his program, he in
stituted a series of taxes on more
than 80 consumer items. This in
furiated Ecuador's labor unions,
who felt that austerity could be
afforded better by the country's
rich landowners. Only l per cent
of the landowners own 40 per
cent of the best land, while the
mass of farmers hold on to small
subsistence plots.
Evening star., 1961-11-12
World Roles

These differences stem from
their respective world roles.
Mr.. Nehru, the leader of India's
400 million people, is generally
considered the spokesman for the
non : aligned countries of the
world.
Unlike other African and Asian
leaders, however, his mind is not
closed to issues beyond his geo.
graphic area. At the Belgrade con-
ference, he spoke out against Rus
sian nuclear testing, and he per-
suaded others that the issue of war
and peace was more important at
this time than that of colonialism.
His host, a young man by
Indian standards, is the leader
of the strongest nation in the
on-Communist world. Thus a
meeting of these two men, repre-
senting nearly 500 million people,
cannot help but have some in
fluence on world events.
Mr.. Kennedy and other West
ern leaders see the world as a
Evening star., 1961-11-12

Buffalo, Syracuse and Utica. Fur
thermore, the Democratic strife
goes on, with the newly strength
ened Mayor Wagner promising to
purge the State chairman and
two county bosses.
(The Republican Party may
have scored the biggest gain of
the week when the New York State
Legislature passed a reapportion-
ment bill which would. eliminate
two Democratic congressional seats
and probably convert five other
districts now held by Democrats to
G. o. P. ranks. Thus, the present
Democratic majority Of % to 81
would be turned into a 26-to-15
Republican advantage.)
Evening star., 1961-11-12
Reluctant

President Kennedy told his news
conference Wednesday that II am
always reluctant to claim that
what happens in one election
with one set of candidates neces-
sarily means it will happen again
at a later date with a different
set of candidates"
The fact that he expressed sat
isfaction over the victories of
Mayor Robert Wagner in
New York City, Governor ELECT
Richard j.. Hughes in New Jersey
and Representative-elect Henry
B. Gonzalez in an earlier race in
Texas does not alter the point,
Gov. Nelson A. Rockefeller Of
New York, the man to. beat for
the G.. o. P. presidential nomina-
ton in 1864 if former Vice Presi-
dent Nixon is really out of the
competition, voiced a similar view
on the significance Of Tuesdays
vote.
II think myself that local elec-
tions are won largely on the ba-
sis Of local candidates and local
issues he said on Thursday. Il
don't think that the national ad-
ministration is a major factor in
local elections"
Actually, each party could find
something to cheer about, some
thing to worry about in the fl
male of the 1861 political year.
In New York: Mayor Wagner.
under attack by almost all the
city newspapers for alleged NAL
administration, easily won re-
election to a third term. He did
so despite the fact that the Dem
ocratic organization is split. Up
state, the Democrats elected a
mayor in Rochester.
On the other hand, the Repub-
hcans increased their percentage
of the city vote by 6 per cent
and helped pare Mr.. Wagner'S
1857 plurality of more than 900,-
900 votes to 100000. Upstate, the
G.. o. P. recaptured the city halls
in three big population centers-
Evening star., 1961-11-12

route into South Wet Nam. If a
truly independent Laotian gov
ernment can be established. there
is a chance that this road may
be blocked.
Mr.. Nehru and Mr.. Kennedy
expressed this hope in pledging
the establishment of Laos as a
genuinely neutral state, free of
domination by any foreign power"
Prince Souvanna Phouma, the
chosen neutralist premier, still
has not been able to pick a
coalition cabinet. If he fails in
this effort, open warfare among
the three factions may again
erupt, allowing even further Com
munist penetration.
Evening star., 1961-11-12
THE NATIONAL SCENE
Encouragement for Democrats
In Off-Yeor Local Elections

The Democrats last week won
an upset victory I'm the New
Jersey gubernatOriaI election
while Mayor Wagner defeated
his G. o. p. rival in New York
City. Republicans registered
gains In local contests in sew
eral States.
On. Tuesday, voters marched
to the polls in several States on
an off-year election day which
featured a few important con-
tests.
Virtually all the votes have
now been counted. The party
spokeSmen have made their ap-
propriate and predictable state
ments. And those independent ex-
perts who find it more reward
ing to analyze than to forecast
have come to some conclusions.
While there is no unanimity
among the latter, the consensus
goes something like this:
The Democrats, by winning
most Of the major contests, were
given a lift and the Republicans
a psychological setback. But the
results, nearly all of which in
VOWED local races run on local
issues, shed little actual light on
the extent of the country's sup
port of the Kennedy adminiStra-
ton. Most observers were, there
fore, resisting the temptation to
read into the results any firm
trend which would have a sig
nificance for either the 1862 con-
gressional campaign or the 1864
White House battle.
On this latter point, the paid
party professionals, of course,
profesSed seeing clear-cut evidence
of trend in their organizations
favor. The highest Democratic
and Republican authorities, how
ever, appeared to agree that Tues
days vote did not provide any
real straws in the wind for 1862
or 1864.
Evening star., 1961-11-12
Superiority

Last week, the President again
publicly exploited worldwide re-
sentiment over the "contemptu-
Gus" Soviet action Of causing ra-
dioactive fallout to shower down
on the globe.
He once more spoke Of Amer
ica's military power and this time
Continued on Page B-2
Evening star., 1961-11-12
Land Reform

Leftist groups called for badly
needed land and other social re-
forms. They were disappointed
with the 72-year-old Ibarra, who
had promised. many Castro-style
measures when he ran for office
in 1860.
Mr.. 1barra became less radical
once in office. however, and by
Continued on Page B-2
Evening star., 1961-11-12
NueIeor Tests

AS expected, Mr.. Nehru and Mr..
Kennedy did not agree fully on
the question Of nuclear testing.
Mr.. Kennedy said the United
States will never agree to another
unpoliced moratorium, while Mr..
Nehru repeated last weeks U. N.
resolution urging such a mora
torium, pending some controlled
treaty.
Because of Russia's blatant
disregard for the moratorium, Mr..
Kennedy said that the United
States would not be fooled twice.
Evening star., 1961-11-12
A Better Tone

Officials, however, did agree
that the proposals were concili-
atory in tone and indicated a So
Wet desire to relax world tensions.
They noted that the Soviet gov
ernment recognized the necessity
Of coming to an agreement with
the West about Berlin before sign
ing a peace treaty with East Ger
many.
Until last week, the Soviet
Union had said it would only guar
antee West Berlin's freedom if
the West Joined it in signing sepa-
rate peace treaties with both
Ceramics.
Now it is saying that even if
it signs unilaterally with East
Germany, it will force its satellite
to recognize the Vests rights in
Berlin. This issue lay at the heart
of the tension regarding a Soviet
East German treaty.
1t was feared that East Germany
might try to force the West out of
Berlin, thus precipitating an armed
conflict.
Evening star., 1961-11-12
Material Aid

Mr.. Kennedy is known not to
want to commit the United States
beyond material aid. The contents
of Gen. Taylor's report has not
been revealed, but it is believed
he does not think the South Wet
Namese are doing all they can
themselves.
Perhaps the key to the whole
Southeast Asian problem is Laos.
At present, the Communist guer-
rillas use northern Laos as a
Evening star., 1961-11-12
Easing Fear

BY erasing this fear, Mr.. Khru-
shchev may be sincerely wishing
to negotiate an honorable settle
ment Of the German issue.
Skeptics argued, however. that
Soviet policy is going through
temporary conciliatory phase be-
cause Mr.. Khrushchev has press
ing matters within the Communist
bloc that demand his full atten-
ton. They say that he does not
want a worldwide crisis until he
has put his own affairs in order.
They also believe that the soft"
line has been puhlicized to further
Evening star., 1961-11-12
Hands OFF

The situation in Southeast Asia
could be solved, Mr.. Nehru be-
lieves, if the European orientated
powers, meaning the United States
and the Soviet Union left South
east Asia and allowed it to settle
its problems alone.
I'm each country Of ASIA" he
has said, "the main problem is
the problem Of food, of clothing,
Of education, of health. We are
concerned with these problems.
We are not directly concerned
with problems of power politics"
Mr.. Nehru believes that if the
power blocs had followed the
dictates of the 1854 Geneva con-
ference and allowed each In
dochinese country to develop in
dependently, there would be no
threat today. He blames the
SEATO alliance as much as
Soviet military help.
Thus, when the two leaders
agreed that each nation in the
area must have the opportunity
to make its own choice in the
course it will take" they started
from different promises.
Mr.. Kennedy believes that
military aid to Wet Nam helps
it remain independent, while Mr..
Nehru believes that such aid
leads it down the path to war.
Evening star., 1961-11-12
NeutruIism Hit

Mr.. Nehru's views are con-
stantly attacked in this country
by those who believe that. one
must take sides in this cold war.
They believe that Mr.. Nehrus
desire to steer a middle course
is fuzzy thinking" He also is
attacked for being pro Com
munist, and for being somewhat
hypocritical in espousing peace
but not ending his own strife
with Pakistan.
AS much as he personally may
disagree with Mr.. Nehru, the
President defended him from
these charges. Il do not know
any figure in the world" he said,
who is more committed to in
dividual liberty than Mr.. Nehru."
The decision facing Mr.. Ken
nedy is very grave. If he de-
cides to send troops to Wet
Nam, he runs the risk of en-
broiling the United States in
another long drawn out police
action" as in Korea.
Moreover, as Mr.. Nehru re-
portedly told the President,
American troops will allow the
North Wet Namese to claim they
are fighting against "imperi-
alists," and thus gain additional
support throughout the area.
Evening star., 1961-05-21

you want to memorize. Then you can
60 ahead and make up lists containing
whatever data you want to commit to
memory. You can memorize the birth
dates of family and friends, phone
numbers of business associates, fac
tory specifications and prices, historical
dates for school - almost anything
Evening star., 1961-05-21

that can be listed in this manner. You
will not easily forget the information.
Unless you supplant it with newer
material, you'll find yourself remem-
bering for months and perhaps years,
even if during this time you never
use the information you have men,
Orized!
Evening star., 1961-05-21

IS to 40 seconds. Subsequent runs,
about 20 to IS seconds each. And if
you're average, you should need no
more than six runs to firmly implant
these key phone numbers in your
memory.
Try one or two of the charts at right,
whichever closely approximates what
Evening star., 1961-02-16
Mrs. Roosevelt
To Get Award

The Women'S National
Book Association will present
Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt with
its 1861 Constance Lindsay
Skinner Award at a dinner
in New York on February "a,
according to an announce
ment.
The award is given annual
ly to an American woman
for an Outstanding contri-
button to the world Of books"
Mrs. Roosevelt, whose latest
book is You Learn BY Liv-
ing" will be the 21St recip-
lent.
Evening star., 1961-02-16
BY DAISY cLELAND
star staff Writer

President Kennedy today
announced his intention of
appointing Mrs. Marietta p.
Tree. a New York socialite,
to be Representative of the
United States of America on
the Human Rights. Commis-
sion of the Economic and
Social Council Of the United
Nations.
This is the position now
held by Mrs. Mary Lord.
Mrs. Trees name was sent
today to the United States
Senate for confirmation.
The White House an
nouncement stated that the
Presidents decision followed
Consultations with Ambassa-
dor to the u. N. Adlai Ste
venson." Mrs. Tree has
been q longtime Stevenson
supporter. working for him
in both the 1852 and 1856
presidential campaigns. She
worked for Mr.. Kennedy in
the last campaign.
Born In Massachusetts,
Mrs. Tree was born April
IL, 1917. in Lawrence, Mass.
She is now married to Mr..
Ronald Tree. q wealthy real
Evening star., 1961-02-16
Mrs. Marietta Tree Selected
By President for u. N. Post

estate broker, her second
husband.
The appointee has been
active in Democratic affairs
for a number Of years and is
currently a New York State
Democratic National Com
mitteewoman.
She Is well known as a
hostess and a great beauty.
Aside from their New York
City house, Mr.. and Mrs.
Tree own a palatial estate
in the Barbados. where they
are now. The Trees often
are hosts to leaders in poll
tical, governmental and the
atrical circles. Included
among these guests have
been former Prime Minister
Winston Churchill and Am
basSador Adlai Stevenson.
Played In Movie
Mrs. Tree, following the
Democratic National Con-
vention in Los Angeles, last
summer was given a role In
the movie The Misfits."
She played the part Of
Susan and was billed in the
cast with Clark Gable and
Marilyn Monroe.
Mrs. Tree, who also is
Evening star., 1961-02-16

founders in 1949 of Syden-
ham Hospital in New York
City.
In 1859 she was appointed
by Mayor Robert Wagner as
commissioner of the City Of
New York on the Commission
on Intergroup Relations.
She is also a citizen member
Of the New York Worlds Fair
Committee.
Mrs. Tree has one daugh-
ter, Penelope, about 10, by her
present husband, and another
daughter, Frances, by her
previous marriage to DR.. Des-
mond Fitzgerald of Washing
ton.
Mrs. Trees position pays
$4,000 annually.
Evening star., 1961-02-16

Government with whom they
will be dealing in their COM
ing tour.
Chile's departing military
attache. Col. Otto Barth,
and Mrs. Barth said farewell
to more than 100 friends
here, many Of them Pentagon
officials. at a 7-to-9 o'clock
reception n in the Officers
Open Mess Of the Bethesda
Naval Officers Club.
Col. Barth will return to
Chile early in March to be-
come Secretary Of the Ma
tional Security Council Of the
Army. His successor. Col.
German Hepp is scheduled to
arrive in Washington the end
Of this month.