davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-04-24
Stocks Drop Sharply;
Closing Trade Heavy

NEW YORK, April "a CAP)
The stock market dropped
sharply late today, adding to
its early loss with a further
decline in heavy trading at
the close.
Losses of key issues ran from
a few cents to 81 and up.
Speculative issues declined
more steeply.
Brokers laid the markets
action to international un-
certainties.
Evening star., 1961-04-24
TROOPS AIRLIFTED
TO FIGHT REBELS

VIENTIANE, April "a (AP) .
- Hundreds of government
troops were airlifted to the
front north of Vientiane today
to shore up crumblins defenSeS
a ainst the pro-CommuniSt
rebels in the final hours be-
fore a cease fire in the civil
war.
Pathet Lao rebels pushed
southwark along the main
north-south highway during the
week end, sending royal army
See TRUCE, Page Az
Evening star., 1961-04-24
BY the Associated Press

Indonesia's President Su-
karno arrived here today for a
one-day visit and told Presi-
dent Kennedy "it is my fervent
hope that America and Indo-
neSia will always be close
Mr.. Kennedy, greeting the
Southeast Asian
Evening star., 1961-04-24
Revolt Leaves Paris
Shocked, IncreduIous
BY CROSBY S. MOVES
Foreign Correspondent Of The Star

PARIS April 24-since noon yeSterday-which seems
like very long time ago ndeed-Pars has lived in state
Of shock and dazed incredulity.
In situation where nearly everything impossible
it has not been easy to keep any firm grip reality and
Evening star., 1961-04-24
GuIfstreum

FOURTH RACE - Purse, $1,000:
claiming: 4-year -oldS and up; !. miles
San Catarina (GinOl $50 $50 2.7O
Dead Indian tThOrnbuTD 40 3.:sO
Falcon Flight (SOlOm0neD $40
Look Up. Tachometer. Royal Mira
way, Clematis. Helmville. Micanopy and
Fern B. Time. 1853,
Evening star., 1961-04-24
Aqueduct

FIFTH RACE-Purse, $4,000: maid =
ems; 2-year-olds: 5 furlongs.
Spelling Bee OPrueitD 1.IO l.3O $50
Lady Of Action CPierce) 7.2O 4.30
Sutton Place Gal (UsseryD $50
Blue Checkers, Wild Cherry Memo
viii Win, Next Hill. Time, 100.
Evening star., 1961-04-24
Joe KeIly's Laurel Selections
and Earlier Results, Page A-20
Women to Train

DARJEELING, India, April
"A (AP) The Indian Noun
taineering Institute has an
nounced a training course for
women in Himalayan mountain
climbing.
Evening star., 1961-04-24
France Still Fears Invasion by Air
Stewort,Wins 4th Trial
In Honikmon Murder
5-4 Reversal Calls Questions Improper;
Clark Writes Vigorous Dissent
BY MIRIAM GUTENBERG
Star Staff Writer

The Supreme Court today reversed the frst-degree
murder conviction of Willie Lee Stewart and sent his
back to District Court here for fourth trial
The court held, 54 that Stewards third trial should
have ended in mistral because improper questions
Evening star., 1961-04-24
Higher Taxes,
Boosted Grant
edbYD.C.
Sales Levy Rise
Won't Meet Bill,
Senators Warn
BY GRACE BASSETT
Star Staff Writer

Members of the Senate Dis
trict Committee warned today
that a House-passed sales tax
bill still would leave the Fed
eral City $40 million in the red
through the coming year.
They demand reconsideration
of a balanced tax program, in
addition to the proposed in
crease from 2 to 3 per cent ip
sales taxes expected to yield SO
million.
I'VE are duty-bound to face
up either to additional revenue
measures, or to a drastic cur
tailment of District Govern
ment activities" Senator Bible.
Democrat Of Nevada, said at a
subcommittee hearing on the
House bill.
Walter N. Tobriner, preSi-
dent of the Board of Commits
sioners. agreed, and promptly
submitted an eight-point tax
proposal, increased borrowing
authority of .$75 million and a
Federal payment authorization
of $50 million to replace the
current $32 million annual
limit.
Plan Is Backed
District Democrats Joined
forces by promising support
for the sales tax only if a total
revenue program met the en-
tire District need for funds.
apparently caught by sur
prise. Metropolitan Washing
ton Board of Trade Executive
Vice President William Press
asked to appear at the next
hearing, set for 10 am. Wednes-
day, to analyze the city's fiscal
crisis. He had come prepared
to testify only on the sales tax
legislation and two attached
riderS-one to put uniformed
police back on parking meter
duty and the other to use Mo-
tor Vehicle Parking Agency
funds for highways and to bar
agency land acquisitions for
parking.
other witnesses represent
ing the business and civic COM
munity said they could accept
the sales tax if a Federal pay
ment and other revenue meas
ures spread the burden of mu-
nicipal costs equitably.
But j. C. Turner, president
of the Greater Washington
Central Council, registered
strong opposition to the sales
tax as unfair and regressive.
1t violates the first principle
of taxation, which is ability to
pay, Mr.. Turner said.
Additions Proposed
Suggested by Mr.. Tobriner
in the order in which Commits
Sioners wanted them considered
by Congress were these revenue
measures to swell the general
fund:
An increase in the cigarette
tax rate from 2 to 3 cents per
pack, to yield $1.3 million.
The alcohol and spirits tax
rate increased from SIPS to
$1.50 per gallon, to yield $1.1
million.
An increase in the beer tax
rate from 1.50 to So per barrel,
to yield 100000.
Full payment Of corporation
and unincorporated business
See TAX, Page A-3
Evening star., 1961-04-24
MARKETS
AT A GLANCE

NEW YORK (AP).-Stocks
lower: some sharp losses. Bonds
- Corporates drop; Govern
ments steady. Cotton lower;
liquidation and hedging.
Evening star., 1961-04-24
PORTER AIMS
AT RACKETEERS

SYLVIA PORTER todoy drows a
beod on roeketeers in the home i'm
proVement industry. Reed the first
Of five column series, on Pose
Az.
Evening star., 1961-04-24
Racing Results
Laurel

SIXTH RACE-Purse. $1,000;
claiming; 3,year-oldS: furlongs.
PetkenS (COrIeD 1.SO $50 900
Aldie Miss (HinOjOsAD 400 $50
Mission Bound (Shukl 800
Star Hanna, That's Jazz. Mt. Juji
Lover. Fleet Sailor, staff Party Mr.
Swing, Foxy Fellow, Army Buddy. Time,
l:l3H.
Evening star., 1961-04-24
All. Airports
CIosedA Again,
Ordered
Millions Support
De GuuIIe Against
Algeria Mutineers

PARIS, April "a (AP).-The
French government again
closed all the nations airports
late today, and renewed its call
for vigilance against an air
borne invasion by mutinous
French forces in Algeria.
Premier Michel Debre issued
orders for a repetition of the
Evening star., 1961-04-24
Reserves Recalled

French airmen and sailors in
Algeria were reported following
suit, defying the junta which
claims to control all the vast
territory.
The Premier said guards
around public buildings, COM
municationS centers and key
points of Paris and the main
cities of the provinces had been
reinforced with the recall of
reserves and technicianS.
The Premier's office said
that instructions broadcast last
night, aimed particularly at
the population of Paris, were
being instantly renewed"
These were a warning that
the city was in imminent dan
ger of an invasion by the jun
ta'S paratroops. The city's air
raid sirens are to be the sig
nal of attack, and hearing
them the population was urged
to take to the streets to help
bar the invasion.
Cities Like Armed Camp,
Paris and other major cities
reSembled an armed camp. Re-
serviStS were called up to
strengthen the defenses of
France.
Reports reaching Paris said
paratroopS controlled by the
junta surrounded the Manson
Blanche white House, Air
port outside Algiers where navy
and air force planes are sta
toned.
These reports said the para
troops moved in after the air
men and sailors demonstrated
against the junta of Gen. Mau-
rice Challe, himself ain air force
officer.
Another demonstration of air
force discomfort with the junta
was the flight from Algeria of
nine warplanes. The planes, in
Guiding five jets, flew into
See ALGERIA, Page AS
Evening star., 1961-04-24

security steps invoked last
night to guard against an at
tack by paratroops serving the
Algerian military junta. All
runways were ordered blocked
with trucks, buses and tanks
until tomorrow morning. No
planes could take off or land.
The air force was instructed
to intercept all flights over the
territory of Metropolitan
France.
The dramatic move came as
millions of Frenchmen and
Frances major allies rallied
behind President Charles de
Gaulle in his struggle to end
the Algerian uprising.
Evening star., 1961-04-24
THE WEATHEP. Full Report
on Poee Az

District and vicinity-Variable cloudiness,
warm, chance Of few showers tonight and
tomorrow. Low tonight about So. High and
low of last "a hours: High 83, at pm.
today; low, Sc, at am. today.
Evening star., 1961-04-24

French Army Focins Dilemma in
Algies. Poee AS
Evening star., 1961-01-02

century. Mr.. Irwin won in the
1858 Democratic sweep of Con-
necticut by 4,261 votes, with
sos per cent of those cast. He
polled 151.003 votes in 1860.
During the campaign Mr..
Sibal charged his opponent with
belonging to the free-spending
wing of the Democratic Party.
The Republican challenger sup
ported a higher minimum wage,
but opposed large-scale Federal
intervention in local or State
problems, controls on the econ
omy and an unbalanced budget.
He charged the incumbent with
"echoing the line of criticism
which undermines the conf
dence Of Americans and our
allies"
A two-term Q957-6D State
Senator and minority leader
in the State Senate for one
term, Mr.. Sibal, in a hard
fought primary. won the right
to oppose Mr.. Irwin. Indorsed
by the Republican congressional
convention. he defeated ex-
Representative Albert P. Mo-
rano (R. 1951-59), by $500
votes out of 81, 500 cast in their
battle for the G. o. P. NOM
ination. It was the first Re-
Evening star., 1961-01-02

Otis g. Pike. 80, campaign.
Ing as q Democrat with Liberal
Party Endorsement, stmied
Representative Stuyvesant
Wainwright Republican 1853
CID in the latter's try for a
NTH term in New York's 1st
District seat. Mr.. Pixies rar-
row victory ended the 54-year
period which Democrats had
spent in the political wilder
ness Of Long Islands Suffolk
County. The seat had been
held from 1851 to 1883 by an
independent Democrat. whom
Representative Wainwright de-
feated. Mr.. Pike won with
1908 votes to 1S4,569 for
Mr.. Wainwright in the unof-
f1cial returns for q sos per
cent victory margin.
More than anything else the
results represented q personal
defeat for Representative
Wainwright, whom Mr.. Pike
repeatedly attacked on charges
OF absenteeism. In the course
Of the campaign Mr.. Pike took
stands supporting $1.25 mini
mum wage and medical care
for the aged under the Social
Security system.
Mr.. Pixies previous political
experience includes two sue
cessful contests for justice of
the peace in Riverhead and
membership on the Rivernead
Town Council. He supported
Adlai E. Stevenson for the 1860
Democratic presidential nomi-
nation.
A magma cum laude gradu-
ate Of Princeton, Mr.. Pike was
born August 81. 1921. in River
head, where he lives with his
wife and three children. He
earned and LIB from CO.
lumbia University Law School
and served four years as a Ma
rine Air Corps pilot. He is a
member Of the United Church
Of Christ.
(Congressional Quarterly
Evening star., 1961-01-02

publican congressional primary
ever held in the State and
centered mainly on the issue Of
leadership. MIR. Sibal charged
that Mr.. Morano had been in
effectual and should step aside
in favor Of younger, more ag-
gressive candidates.
An attorney, Mr.. Sibal served
as prosecuting attorney for
Norwalk 1953-55 and as the
city's corporation counsel be-
ginning in 1859. Born April
II, 1921. in Ridgewood, N. Y,
he was graduated from Wes-
leyan with an Alb. and from
st. Johns Law School with an
LIB. which he obtained after
his three-and-a-half years of
service in World War II. Mar
ried and the father of two
children, he is a Congregation
alist and resident Of Norwalk.
Congressional Quarterly
Evening star., 1961-01-02

Abner w. Sibal, 80, brought
Connecticut's traditionally Re-
publican fourth district CFair-
field County, back to the G. O.
P. fold in 1860 by defeating in
cumbent Representative Dom
aid j. Irwin, Democrat, 1859
GID by 5000 votes. Mr.. Sibal
won Sis per cent-160,045 in
unofficial returns-of the 311,-
DAB votes cast to end Mr.. r.
wins hopes of winning a Sec
ond term in a distarict which
had not elected a Democrat
since 1886 and had never re-
elected a Democrat in the goth
Evening star., 1961-01-02

after being unopposed in his
|party's primary. Democrats had
been eating away Mr.. Budge's
election margins in recent elec-
tions: while Mr.. Bulge took SIS
per cent Of the vote in 1858, Mr..
Harding had Sill per cent of
the 1860 vote according to in
complete, unofficial returns
90.078 to 86,238.
Mr.. Harding. a controller, has
said the United States needs
an annually balanced budget,
In his campaign he also sup
ported Federal assistance to
fight water pollution, help for
the family-size farm, Federal
aid to education when State
and local funds are insufficient,
labor's right to organize and
bargain collectively and a role
for the Federal Government as
arbitrator in labor disputes.
Mr.. Harding served in the
Idaho House of Representatives
1868. Until resigning to con-
duct his campaign, he was
controller of the American Po-
tato Co. for three years.
He was born September 8,
1929, in Malad City, Idaho. He
now lives in Blackfoot. He has
"a BIS. in political science from
Brigham Young University and
took graduate work in account
ing. He served in the army
l951-53, rising from private to
lieutenant. He is married and
has three children. He is a
Mormon.
Congressional Quarterly
Evening star., 1961-01-02

Ralph R. Harding, 81. a
Democrat, defeated incumbent
Representative Hamer H.
Bulge Republican 195l-61)
Evening star., 1961-12-03
GIFT ROUNDUP
Christmas List
Time Is Here

It's check-off time. Let's
see. There's Nom, Sis, your
best friend, Cousin Ann and
any number Of others you
want to remember on Christ
mas Day.
See if our armchair shop
ping guide doesn't solve at
least one of your gift prob
lens.
A New Introduction is al
ways pleasant. When it's a
new perfume that you give,
you open the door to new
beauty in fragrance for a
woman. Air de France
created by the House of Len
theric has just been added
to the famous lineup that
includes Miracle" and
Tweed" The limited edi-
ton OF Air de France has
been earmarked for Is cities.
Only 750 ounces will be avail
able in the country. and each
bottle will bear the distinc-
tion of individual numbering
on a hand inscribed enclosure
card. Bottled in exquisite
handblown French crystal,
Air de France has interviewer
in its lifting fragrance, lily
of-the-valley, rose and jas
mine. At Woodward g.
Lothrop.
** ~
The Golden Glow of the
holidays shows up in the
glittering accessories that in
clude a gold lame evening
hood lined with beige chiffon;
a gold beaded Longtime eve
ming bag; earrings; a chunky
bracelet, and a star busted
golden reindeer to pin on
your lapel. All at Lord &
Taylor.
Fancy Seeing you looking
through a pair of high-pow-
cred miniature binoculars
with the black pure silk case
trimmed with a large rhine
stone medallion. They're for
Evening star., 1961-12-03

frequently, this one comes
complete with glue to reseal
little "Porky." He can be
sliced open, emptied of his
dimes. nickels and pennies
and then glued together to
function once again as your
little piggy bank" At The
Hecht Co., first-floor bou-
tique.
Evening star., 1961-12-03

gently bloused silhouette.
Choose it in ranch, autumn
haze or silver blue at Sears.
y y 4
A Thrifty Idea is this hon
est mans leather piggy bank
that comes in black or tan.
Knowing that most piggy
banks are broken into quite
Evening star., 1961-12-03

the woman who has every
thing. At the third-floor
boutique of The Hecht Co.
\ y + y
A Splendid Wrapping of
natural let-out mink styled
into cape stole with a deep,
shoulder-wide collar and a
Evening star., 1961-11-05
Minneapolis Star.

of force was provoked by East
German insiStance that Ameri-
cans show identity cards to its
guards when passing into East
Berlin.
Since the United States does not
recognize East German sover-
eighty, it ordered its personnel
to ignore the Germans and de-
mand to see a Soviet officer if
stopped. On three different occa-
sions, American MPs armed with
rifles and bayonets rushed into
East Berlin to convoy out
stopped American vehicle.
Last week, gentleman's agree
ment prevailed at the border. The
United States felt it had made
its point and refrained from any
more dramatic acts. Both sides
withdrew their tanks, and a rela-
tive calm prevailed at the border.
To return the harraSsment,
however, the Allies ordered the
West Berlin police to stop all
Soviet civilians entering west
Berlin and check their indenti-
fication. The Russians willingly
showed their cards.
This involved the West in a
technical controversy. Since up to
Evening star., 1961-11-05
Bombs Are Bigger and Better Than Ever!

to insure defense of the from
tiers of both countries"
The note was designed to spread
alarm throughout Scandinavia.
1t denounced Norway and Den
mark (NATO members) for par
ticipating Gin restoring and build
ing up the military potential of
West Germany" 1t also attacked
military circles" of neutral
Sweden. Finland speculated that
Russia might want Porkkala back.
The State Department diagnosed
the note as an attempt to fright
en- nations into preSSuring the
West to agree to Soviet demands.
1t called the note "repugnant"
and a cover for Russia's "own
aggressive policies"
Future developments will de-
pend largely on the results of
the FinniSh-Soviet talks.
Evening star., 1961-11-05
The Bomb

On October IT, Mr.. KhruShchev
digressed from his text to tell the
22d Communist Party Congress
that the current nuclear tests
were "going we'll" He then noted
that they would probably end by
October 81 with the detonation
of a 50-megaton bomb.
In the ensuing 10 days. dele
gates at the United Nations
adopted a resolution solemnly ask
ing the Russians to refrain from
decorating the superbomb. They
feared the immense amount Of
radioactive fallout that would be
produced.
The U. N. resolution came on
the heels of United States decla-
rations that such big explosions
have limited military or scientific
significance: that their only pur-
pose is TO frighten and poison the
world.
Badgered by mounting world
opposition, Mr.. KhruShchev in
sisted that the tests were taken
"in the face of direct threats and
the danger of war breaking out
for the defense of the Soviet
people"
On October 81, three days be-
fore the test, he criticized the
appeal as bourgeois propa-
ganda," and "hysterical," and
promised that "our scientists are
doing everything necessary to re-
duce to a minimum the harmful
consequences of tests"
Evening star., 1961-11-05
The National Scene
The Dilemma in Our Resuminq Tests

President Kennedy last week
announced that the United
States would prepare to resume
nuclear tests in the atmosphere
and, if necessary to maintain
our present superiority over the
Soviet Union, carry them out.
In the early morning hours of
october 20, 1858, as the bright
desert sun began its ascent in
the Nevada sky, American Scien-
lists rushed preparations for a
pint-Sized atomic blast from
50-foot aluminium tower.
Speed was important because
President Eisenhower had set an
October 81 deadline for the series.
On that date, the United States
was to begin a voluntary one
year moratorium on nuclear test
ing, the only consideration being
that the Soviet Union would not
test during this period.
The October 20 blast, called
Humboldt had only a fraction of
the power (the eqivalent of 1000
tons of TNT) of the bomb which
leveled Hiroshima. The Associated
Press reported:
Its smallish flash came just
before dawn. It's stemless mush-
room cloud rose TO only $500
feet, tenth the height of larger
shots"
1t was the last American nu-
clear device tested in the atmos-
phere. The one-year moratorium
has stretched to three.
Evening star., 1961-11-05
Politics.:
Tuesday Test

President Kennedy on Thurs
day made his first stump speech
in the New Jersey election
campaign-since his inaugura-
tion. He also aided the drive
of Mayor Wagner of New York
City. Meanwhile, former Pres
ident Eisenhower campaigned
for a Republican in Texas.
There are few important elec-
tionS in this off-year November,
but two of them take place IN the
key neighboring Middle Atlantic
States of New York and New
Jersey on Tuesday.
AS evidence of the Importance
the Republican and Democratic
Parties place in the outcome of
these contests, each has sent forth
it's most popular leader to aid the
somewhat less Olympian candi-
dates in the field.
Former President Eisenhower,
who was in Texas last week work.
ing for the election of John
Goode, candidate for Congress,
was the first to turn his charm
on the New Jersey and Gotham
voters. He spoke for Louis j.
Lefkowitz, G. o. P. candidate for
Mayor of New York, and ap-
peared with James P. Mitchell.
Labor Secretary in the Eisenhower
cabinet and Republican nominee
for Governor or New Jersey, at
rallies in that State.
On Thursday, it was President
Kennedy's turn. He began his
day in New York City, where
he read an airport statement sup
porting Mayor Robert Wagner
and then rode with the candidate
Continued on Page b.
Evening star., 1961-11-05
Tests Seen

Most observers feel today that
the odds are heavy in favor of
new American tests, particularly
since the Russians have contin-
ued their series after announcing
that it would halt with the eX-
plosion of the superbomb on Oc-
tober 80.
There is a good deal to be ac-
compliShed for American nuclear
weaponry in additional tests. We
have not yet tested the warheads
of new ballistic missiles, such as
Minuteman. We can improve and
tighten the warheads of our other
missiles giving them more range
and/or power. This would be par
ticularly useful in the case of the
submarine-l e-launched Polaris.
Some members of Congress even
talk of the tests as an aid in the
development of a so-called neu-
tron bomb. The Russians call this
a typical capitalist weapon be-
Evening star., 1961-11-05
Forced to Move

Last week, the United States
Government declared publicly
what had become quite evident:
1t was seriously considering the
resumption of atmospheric tests
because of the large-scale testing
by the Soviet Union, which be-
gan September l.
President Kennedy, an older and
doubtless a wiser man, no longer
as he did during last years
presidential campaign-spoke Of
American weakness. On the con-
trary, in a statement on testing,
issued after a meeting with the
National Security Council on
Thursday, he said:
a.. we have many times more
nuclear power than any other ma
ton on earth and these
capabilities are deployed so as to
survive any sneak attack and
enable us to devastate any ma
tion which initiates nuclear at
tack on the United States or its
allies"
Mr.. Kennedy acknowledged that
the Russian tests are not all bluff
and bluster, not all terror" and
Evening star., 1961-11-05
An Accident

Apparently, the scientists were
lax, for on Monday, the mon
strous bomb was exploded, and
according to Mr.. KhruShchev, it
accidentally was more than so
megatons. The fallout is expected
to be the worst in history.
BY resuming testing on such
dangerous scale, the Soviet Union
revealed its ruthless single-mind-
edness. The only departure from
schedule was a decision not to
test a 100-megaton bomb for fear
it would "break our own
windows"
Despite two months of contin-
ual tests, the West has not weak
ened regarding Berlin. Leaders are
just as willing to reach peace
full agreement with the Russians,
but their pledges are just as firm
not to yield to Soviet threats.
This steadfastness did not de-
ter the Russians, for on Mon
day, they opened a new diplo-
matte gambit, meant to bolster
their policy of intimidation.
Evening star., 1961-11-05
A Difference

Washington said there was
difference. West Berlin police
acted under specific orders, while
East Germany claims it is a sov-
ereign state.
In any event, it is obvious that
Big Four supervision of Berlin
is a fiction. The Wall effectively
separates East from West, and
neither side can control the pol
icies Of the other.
Administration of the divided
city is one of the problems that
will have to wait for a Big Four
conference. Neither side, how
ever, seemed in a rush last week
for such a meeting.
The Russians we're busy with
problems within their own bloc,
and the West was still awaiting
Konrad Adenauer's new govern
ment.
British and American AmbaSsa-