davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-08-06

cialiSt and capitalist countries is
an objective necessity for the de-
velopment Of human society. War
cannot and must not serve as q
means Of settling international
disputes. Peaceful coexistence or
disastrous war-such Is the alter
native offered by history. Should
the imperialiSt AggresSors never
theleSS venture to start q new
world war, the peoples will no
longer tolerate q system which
drags them into devastating wars.
They will sweep imperialism away
and bury 1t.
Peaceful coexistence implies re-
nunciation Of war as q means Of
settling International disputes,
and their solution by negotiation,
equality, mutual understanding
and trust between countries; con-
slderation Of mutual interests;
non-interference in internal af-
fairs; recognition Of the right Of
every people to solve all the prob
lens Of their country by them
selves; strict respect for the SOW
ereignty and territorial integrity
Of all countries; promotion Of eco
nomic and cultural cooperation
on the basis Of complete equality
and mutual benefit.
Peaceful coexistence serves as
a basis for the peaceful compe-
tition between socialism and capi-
talism on an international scale
and constitutes specific form Of
class struggle between them. AS
they consistently pursue the policy
of peaceful coexistence, the So
cialist countries are steadily
strengthening the positions Of the
world Socialist system in its COM
petition with capitalism. Peaceful
coexistence affords more favorable
opportunities for the struggle Of
the working class in the capitalist
countries and facilitates the
struggle Of the peoples Of the
colonial and dependent countries
for their liberation.
Evening star., 1961-08-06

turn man who is a firm anti
Communist.
The differences between these
two leaders symbolic, in sense,
the change in the Congo'S political
climate since it received its inde-
pendence 13 months ago from
Belgium.
The chaos and violence that
marked the country'S early days
left an indelible mark on the
Congo's responsible leaders, and
the choosing Of Mr.. Adoula was
an acknowledgment that some
thing besides strong words are
necessary. Both responsibility and
integrity are needed.
THE Congo must not become a
battlefield for the cold war;" Mr..
Adoula said on assuming the
premiership. Authority must be
reinStated and respected. To that
Evening star., 1961-08-06

end we must have government
firm, dynamic and united" . ;,
Mr.. Aaoula will find it quite
difficult to put this into practice,
however. If it were not for the
presence of United Nations troops,
no one knows what condition the
Congo would be in now.
The U. N. has brought a certain
amount of stability to the Congo.
but there can be no effective gov:
ernment until Katanga Province,
the country's richest and most
productive, is brought back under
government rule.
At present, Noise TshNmbe has
refused to end his Independent"
Katanga government, but last
week, Mr.. Adoula said he would
use force if necessary to bring
Katanga into line.
Evening star., 1961-08-06
The Foreign Scene

Wet attacks on the capitalist way
of life,
Indeed, the material promises
offered the Soviet people were so
similar to those made in 1919,
that it seemed by 1881 the Soviet
citizens finally would begin to re-
ceive what was first promised
them AZ years ago.
Many Of the goals, in fact, such
as free medical care, free educa-
ton and free noon meals, already
are accepted as a way Of life in
many bourgeois countries.
American officials found moth
ing new in the program, but
carefully noted Soviet determine
ton to win over the newly inde-
pendent countries of the world.
The officials also found that
Premier Khrushchev's influence
in party circles is still high. This
Evening star., 1961-08-06

Support for the principle Of
peaceful coexistence Is also in
keeping with the interests Of that
section Of the bourgeoisie which
realizes that q thermonuclear war
would not spare the ruling classes
Of capitalist society either. The
policy Of peaceful coexistence Is in
accord with the vital interests Of
all mankind, except the big monop-
oily magnates and the militaristS.
Peaceful Co-existence
The Soviet Union has consist
emily pursued, and viii continue to
pursue, the policy Of peaceful CO.
existence Of states with different
social systems.
The Communist Party Of the
Soviet Union advances the follow
ing tasks in the. field of inter-
national relations:
To use, together with the other
Socialist countries, peaceful states
and peoples every means of pre-
venting war and providing condi-
tions for the complete elimination
Of war from the life Of society;
To pursue a policy Of establish
Ing sound international relations,
and work for the disbandment Of
all military blocs opposing each
other, the discontinuance Of the
"cold war" and the propaganda
Of enmity and hatred among the
nations, and the abolition Of all
air, naval, rocket and other mill
tary bases on foreign territory.
Work on Disarmament
To work for general and COM
plete disarmament under strict
international control;
To strengthen relations Of
fraternal friendship and close
cooperation with the countries
Of Asia, Africa and Latin Amer
lea which are fighting to attain
or consolidate national inde-
pendence. with all peoples and
Evening star., 1961-08-06

states that advocate the preser-
vation Of peace;
To pursue an active and con-
sistent policy Of improving and
developing relations with all
capitalist countries, including the
United States of America, Great
Britain, France, the Federal Re-
public Of Germany, Japan, Italy,
and other countries, with view
to safeguarding peace;
To contribute in every way to
the militant solidarity of all con-
tingents and organizations Of the
international working class, which
oppose the imperialist policy of
war;
Steadfastly to pursue a policy of
consolidating all the forces fight
ing against war. All the organiza-
tionS and parties that strive to
avert war, the neutralist and paci-
fist movements and the bourgeois
circles that advocate peace and
normal relations between countries
will meet with understanding and
support on the part Of the Soviet
Union;
To pursue a policy of develop
ing international cooperation in
the fields Of trade, cultural rela-
tions, science and technology;
To be highly vigilant with regard
to the aggressive circles, which are
intent on violating peace; to ex-
pose, in good time, the initiators
of military adventures; to take
all necessary steps to safeguard
the security and inviolability of
of our Socialist country and the
Socialist camp as a whole.
To Oppose All Wars
The C. P. S. U. and the Soviet
people as a whole will continue to
oppose all wars of conquest, in
cluding wars between capitalist
countries, and local wars aimed
at strangling peoples emancipa-
ton movements, and consider it
their duty to support the sacred
Evening star., 1961-08-06
Free Education

Education was to be free and
compulsory UP to the age Of II,
housing would be improved and a
siX-hour working day established.
In 1895, Stain decreed that so
cialism" had been established in
The Soviet Union. In Communist
jargon, under socialism, people live
from each according to his
ability, and to each according to
his work" Under Communism"
people live from each according
to his ability, and to each accord
ing to his needs"
The party program necessary to
set a course toward ultimate COM
muniSm was promised in 1899 and
again in 1852, but not until last
week was the utopian blueprint
revealed.
The most radical departure
Evening star., 1961-08-06
Congo:
NewLedder

The COngOlese Parliament last
week elected Cyrille AdOula as
the country's new Premier.
The first Congolese Premier was
Patrice Lumumba, who combined
a flamboyant and fiery manner
with leftist policies.
The new Premier-chosen by an
overwhelming vote-is a shy, taci-
Evening star., 1961-08-06

struggle Of the oppressed peoples
and their just anti-imperialist
wars of liberation.
The Communist party Of the
Soviet Union viii hold high the
banner of peace and friendship
among the nations.
In another section titled "The
Inter national Revolutionary
Movement Of the Working
Class" there were also COM
ments on war and peace. An
excerpt from this section fol-
lows:
Communists have never held
that the road to revolution lies
necessarily through wars between
countries. Socialist revolution is
not necessarily connected with
war. Although both world wars,
which were started by the i'm
perialistS, eliminated in Socialist
revolutions, revolutions are quite
feasible without war. The great
detectives Of the working class can
be realized without world war. To-
day the conditions for this are
more favorable than ever.
The working class and its van
guard-the Marxist-Leninist par
tieS-prefer to achieve the trans
fer Of power from the bourgeoisie
to the proletariat by peaceful
means, without civil war. Realiza-
tion Of this possibility would meet
the interests Of the working class
and the people as a whole, it would
accord with the national interests
Of the country.
The working class, supported by
the majority Of the people and
firmly repelling opportunist ele-
mentS incapable Of renouncing the
policy Of compromise with the
capitalists and landlords, can de-
feat the reactionary, anti-popular
forces, win solid majority in par
lament, transform it from q tool
serving the class interests Of the
bourgeoisie into an instrument
serving the working people, launch
broad mass struggle outside par
lament, smash the resistance Of
the reactionary forces and provide
the necessary conditions for a
peaceful socialist revolution. This
can be done only by extending and
continuously developing the class
struggle Of the workers and peas
ants and the middle strata Of the
urban population against big
monopoly capital and reaction, for
far-reaching social reforms, for
peace and socialism.
'NonpeocefuI Transition
Where the exploiting classes
resort to violence against the
people, the possibility Of a nom
peaceful transition to socialism
should be borne in mind. Len
inism maintains, and historical
experience confirms, that the
ruling classes do not yield power
of their own free will. Hence, the
degree of bitterness Of the class
struggle and the forms it takes
will depend not so much on the
proletariat as on the strength Of
the reactionary groups resistance
to the will Of the overwhelming
majority Of the people, and on the
use Of force by these groups at
a particular stage of the Strug-
gle for socialism. In each par
ticular country the actual ap-
plicability of one method Of
transition of socialism or the
other depends on concrete his
torical conditions.
1t may well be that as the forces
Of socialism grow, the working
class movement gains strength
and the positions Of capitalism
are weakened, there will arise in
certain countries a situation in
which 1t will be preferable for the
bourgeoiSie, as Marx and Lenin
Evening star., 1961-08-06

from the 1919 program was the
Khrhshchev-inspired view that
war is not necessary for the
spread of communism.
Capitalism established its rule
with fire and sword" the program
stated. "but socialism does not re-
quire war to spread its ideals. Its
weapon is its superiority over the
old system in social organization,
political system, economy, the i'm
provement of the standard of liv-
ing and spiritual culture"
Evening star., 1961-08-06
c. A. B. Reorganization

26. Approved reorganizat ton of
Civil Aeronautics Board.
81. Approved Federal Trade
Commission reorganization.
28. Expanded social security
benefits.
20. Extended direct and guar
anteed home loans for veterans.
80. Expanded Water Pollution
Act.
81. Authorized a SIT billion pro-
gram for NASA.
80. Approved Maritime reor-
ganiZation.
80. Reduced from $500 to 500
amount tourists may bring back
duty-free.
"a. Authority for President to
call up 250,000 military reservists.
IS. Authorized about 81 billion
Evening star., 1961-08-06

tack, went one line Of reasoning,
the devastation would be so big
that there isn't much that could
be done. Another said that to
build shelters for everyone would
be so expensive it would be un-
thinkable. Still another said there
wouldn't be time to get to the
shelters anyway.
These apparently insuperable
obstacles won a certain amount
of acceptance and kept civil de-
fense efforts in the realm Of the
impractical and the perhaps i'm
possible.
Evening star., 1961-08-06
Continued From Page B.

Continued From Page B-1
for economic aid to Latin America.
10. Passed military construction
bill.
20. Passed military procurement
bill.
81. Established bureau in Com
merce to promote tourist travel to
the United States.
%. Extended existing corpora
ton and excise tax rates.
%. Broadened Federal Highway
Act.
"a. Enacted $40 billion Hous-
ing Act.
Is. Extended increased ceiling
on public debt.
Evening star., 1961-08-06

California, q frequent critic Of
civil defense shortcomings, the
hearings turned out to be the
livelieSt in town last week.
Night Raids?
Representative Martha w.
Griffiths, Democrat Of Michigan,
thought 1t was a little silly to
assume that the need for shelter
would necessarily come during
working hours when people would
be downtown in offices and public
buildings. What would happen if
it came in the middle of the
night? she asked. It was a good
question and she wasn't satisfied
with the only answer that
developed, which was to the
effect that people would Just have
to go back downtown.
Secretary Of Defense Mcnamara,
under whom the civil defense has
now been placed, appeared and
spoke OF additional expenditures
planned by the administration
which would put the total at
about $500 million. He spoke
calmly and soberly Of the lack of
time to eyacuate the population
Of a great city in case Of missile
attack us minutes only. and
gave with feeling this estimate
Of what might happen:
I'm q nuclear attack several
million erican-perhaps
several tens Of millions-might
be killed"
On the Senate side, the
appropriations committee already
had approved the $207 million
and the prospects were that the
magnitude Of the task was not
intimidating the legislators into
an easy despair this time.
Evening star., 1961-08-06
Peoce Is q Necessity
Continued From Page B-1

OUMVlHueu FFUm EaBe D"4
program called for "the dictator
ship of the proletariat," and the
establishment Of the socialist Or
der" There also were rather bour-
geoiS requests for such things as
an eight-hour working day and a
democratic republic"
Evening star., 1961-08-06
u. S. Reaction

But to Americans who read
about the program in their bour-
geoiS homes, or heard about it in
their bourgeois automobiles, there
was something unreal in the So
Evening star., 1961-08-06

foreSaw it, to agree to the means
of production being purchased
from it and for the proletariat to
pay off" the bourgeoiSie. .
The success Of the struggle.
which the working class wages
for the victory of the revolution
will depend on how well the work.
ing class and its party master the
use Of all forms of struggle
peaceful and non-peaceful, parlia-
mentary and extra parliamentary
and how well they are prepared
to replace one form of struggle by z
another as quickly and unex-
pectedly as possible. ?
The Transition Stoees
While the principal law-gov-1
erned processes of the Socialist
revolution are common to all 9,
countries, the diversity Of the ma
tional peculiaritieS and traditions
that have arisen in the course of
history creates specific conditions,
for the revolutionary process and
for the variety Of forms and rates
OF the proletariat's advent to "
power. This predetermineS the
possibility and necessity, in a
number Of countries, Of transition
stages in the struggle for the
dictatorship of the proletariatC,
and variety of forms of political
organization of the society build.
ing socialism. But whatever the
form in which the transition
from capitalism to socialism is
effected, that transition can come.
about only through revolution.
However varied the forms of a =
new, peoples state power in the
period of Socialist construction
their essence will be the same
dictatorship of the proletariat,
which represents genuine demooc-
racy for the working people. '
A bourgeois republic, however
democratic, however hallowed by
slogans purporting to express the
will of the people or nation as a
whole, or an extraclass will, in
evitably remains in practice-ow-
ing to the existence of private
capitalist ownership of the means
OF productions dictatorship of
the bourgeoiSie, a machine for the
exploitation and suppression of
the vast majority Of the working
people by handful Of capitalists.
In contrast to the bourgeoisie,
which conceals the class character
Of the state, the working class
does not deny the class character
of states. .
Dictatorship ExpIoined 8.
The dictatorship of the prole5
tariat is dictatorship of the over
whelming' majority over the mi,
nority; it is directed against the
exploiters, against the oppression
Of peoples and nations, and is
aimed at aboliShing all exploita-
ton of man by man. The dicta7
torship of the proletariat express
es not only the interest of the
working class, but also those of
all working people; its chief con-
tent is not violence but creation,
the building of a new, classlesS
society, and the defense of its gains
against the enemies of socialism.
Overcoming the split in its ranks
is an important condition for the
working class to fulfill its historic
mission. No baStion of imperialism
can Withstand a closely knit workC
ing class that exercises unity of
action. The Communist parties
favor cooperation with the Social
Democratic parties not only in
the struggle for peace, for better
living conditions for the working
people and for the preservation
and extension Of their democratic
rights and freedoms, but also in,
the struggle to win power andS
build a Socialist society. 8
Evening star., 1961-08-06
The National Scene

additional for planes, ships and
missiles for military build-up.
SO. Completed action on o gen.
eral farm bill.
Evening star., 1961-08-06

was seen in the strong emphasis
given his policy of peaceful CO.
existence" spurned by Chinese
Communist leaders and their sup
porters.
Evening star., 1961-08-06

ing force in this struggle Of the
people as q whole.
1t is possible to avert a world
war by the combined efforts of
the mighty Socialist camp, the
peace-loving non-Socialist coun-
tries, the international working
class and all the forces cham
pioning peace. The growing Su-
periority Of the Socialist forces
over the forces Of imperialism,
Of the forces Of peace over those
Of war, will make 1t actually posi-
BILE to Danish world war from the
life of society even before the
complete victory Of socialism on
earth, with capitalism surviving
in q part Of the world. The victory
Of socialism throughout the world
will do away completely with the
social and national causes Of all
wars. To abolish war and establish
everlasting peace on earth is a
historical mission Of communism.
General and complete disarma-
ment under strict international
control Is q radical way Of guar
anteeing a durable peace. 1mper-
ialiSm has imposed an unprece-
dented burden Of ornaments on
the people. Socialism sees its duty
towards mankind in delivering it
from this absurd waste of national
wealth. The solution of this prob
lem would have historical signifi-
canoe for mankind. BY an active
and determined effort the peoples
can and must force the imperial
lists into disarmament.
Peoce Is q Necessity
Socialism has offered mankind
the only reasonable principle of
maintaining relations between
states at a time when the world
Is divided into two systems - the
principle Of the peaceful coexist-
ence of states with different social
systems, put forward by Lenin.
Peaceful coexiStence of the So
Evening star., 1961-08-06

California, q frequent critic Of
civil defense shortcomings, the
hearings turned out to be the
livelieSt in town last week.
Evening star., 1961-08-06
On Avertine War

In the new historical epoch the
masses have far greater opportu-
nifty of actively influencing the
settlement of international issues.
The peoples are taking the soIu-
tion of the problem of war and
peace into their own hands more
and more vigorously. The anti-war
movement of the masses, which
takes various forms, is a major
factor in the struggle for peace.
The international working class,
the most uncompromising and
most consistent fighter against i'm
perialist war, is the great organiz-
Evening star., 1961-05-07

THIS WEEK Moso1ine / Moy 7. 1901
Evening star., 1961-05-07
PillbOx passion
1t started in Washington. swept
us. Here are latest headlines

TINvery once in a while, there comes time
~ when there is one special thing American
women can't seem TO do without. This year, it's
the pillbOx hat Ever since Jackie Kennedy started
showing up al every official and unofficial occasion
wearing one, hat makers have had trouble keeping
up with the demand. They sell them small and
large, flat and tall, plain and beflowcred berib
boncd Just SO long as they've got pillbOx, the
ladies are happy.
Fortunately, the pilIbox is a most Aattering hat
for most faces. It's real hat but, because it's
basicaly simple, it doesn't tend to overwhelm the
wcarer. OF course, the pillbox has been favorite
style for years, but never has it had such fling,
and never has it been seen in many different
shapes and sizes Here's look at some pillbox-
wcarcrs in few us. cities JOAN RATTNER
Evening star., 1961-05-07

Tooth paste only reaches the small area shown
at left, yet most bad breath is caused by germs
all over the mouth and throat.
But today's gcrm-kiIling LiStcrinc Antiscp-
tic is scientifically formulated to reach into
crm-hlrborimg crCvicCS too tiny for tooth
paste or even water, to enter.
So get Protcction-in-Dcpth the ListcrinC
way*. the recommended way. Gives you
dIfimptic action in four times as much mouth
and throat arca-to protect against bad breath
four times better than tooth paste!
And LiStcrnc kills more germs, more kinds
of germs contact than any other
leading oral antiScptic, old or new. ~ E
Evening star., 1961-11-19
Alexander Burns,
Served IS Years
AS Postal Clerk

Alexander Burns, SIS, for IS
years a railroad postal clerk,
died Friday at his Mclean (Va.) }
home after q heart attack.
Mr.. Burns, born in Milford
ireland, served in the ROYAL
Air Force and later in the
United States Air Force during
World War I. He was dis
charged from the USAF in 1921
A naturalized citizen for 40
years. Mr.. Burns worked as a
postal clerk on Pennsylvania
Railroad runs between Wash
ington and New York. He re-
tired in 1858.
He leaves his wife, Mrs. Nina
Cole Burns and two daughters
Virginia Jane, Is, and Nina
May, 18, all Of the home ad-
dress. 217 Springdale avenue
Mclean and a brother, Joseph
Burns of Renfrew. Scotland.
Services will be held 4 O'Clock
this afternoon at the Money
and King Funeral Home, III
Maple avenue west, Vienna
Va. Burial will be at / pm. to.
morrow at the United Brethren
Church Cemetery, Lacey Spring
Va.
Evening star., 1961-11-19
Franklin Charles,
50, Musician,
Businessmen

Franklin B. Charles, SO
musician and businessman, died
yesterday at the Washington
Hospital Center.
Mr.. Charles, who lived at
5402 Connecticut avenue NV,
was born in Norway, Me. He
was a graduate of the Royal
Conservatory Of Music in Leip-
zig, Germany.
A member of the Gewandhaus
Orchestra there and later
the National Symphony, Mr.
Charles at one time owned a
music store here. He also taught
music at Catholic University
and at Catholic Sisters College
A 50-year member of the
Lakewood Lodge, Free and Ac-
cepted Masons, he had con-
Quoted the Shriners Band at
Almas Temple and until 1852,
was bandmaster of the Soldiers
Home Band.
He leaves his wife, Mrs. Alice
Charles, Of the home address,
and a brother, Will Charles OF
Acton, Mass.
Services will be at II am.
tomorrow at the Chevy Chase
Funeral home, with burial at
Washington National Cemetery.