davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
, 1961-05-13

For fencing all unfenced schools in the Virgin Islands.
Purchase Of mahogany benches for District Court
Chambers at ST. Croix.
Improvement Of Streets to provide Parking Space in
Kongens Gade and Hospital Gade.
Reimbursement Of appropriation for renovation of
Administration Building & Quarters B, St. Thomas.
Conversion Of a boat house on Pier for use as a Fed
eral Inspection Center.
Contribution to Aldershvile Fund for remodeling and
renovation Of Aldershvle Home.
Act No. 528 Bill No. 1880 Third Legislature, Regular SEES
sion, 1860: Bill No. 1871 Third Legislature, Regular
Session, 1860:
To finance the contractural cost Of the project includ-
ing but not limited to the dredging and bulkheading
of a marina, construction of dock, roads and park
ing, walks and a maintenance building.
Act No. $40 Bill No. 1869 Third Legislature, Regular
Session 1860:
Construction Of Community Center, St. john.
Wel-Benjamin Franklin School, st. John.
Jetty at East End, St.John.
Act No. 545 Dill No. 1866 Third Legislature, Regular
Session, 1860:
To Provide for a Survey and the Preparation Of Plans
I for the Construction of a District Hospital on the IS
land of st. Croix; And for Other Purposes.
Act No. SAT Bill No. IT'D Third Legislature, Regular
Session. 1860:
J For Emergency Repairs to Abraham Lincoln School.
Act No. $50 Bill No. 1850 Third Legislature, Regular
Session, 1860:
For completion of school Improvement projects
authorized for Dober, Jefferson, Nisky Schools, and
Fencing Of P~ollyberg kindergarten. ]
Z Improvement and Repairs to Princess School; Saint
Croix, including furnishings, kitchen, equipment,
sanitary toilet facilities, repair to roof and floor, in
Guiding fencing.
For purchase of a new pilot boat for Harbor Division,
st. Thomas.
No. $50 BILL No. 1870 Third Legislature, Regular
Session, 1860:
To Provide an Appropriation for Clearing Drains, Gut
tiers, and Culverts and Making Emergency Road
Repairs.
Act No. $50 lBill No. 12OD Third Legislature, Regular
Session. 1860.
Evening star., 1961-01-29

gress? Can O subsequent Legis-
lature rescind the petition? The
questions are legion, and they've
taxed the minds Of the best legal
and governmental experts.
This much we know:
An Associated Press survey con-
Quoted late in 1860 suggests a
tagging Of interest among the
States on the question Of outright
repeal or rigid control Of the in
come tax.
Three years earlier, q similar
poll Of State capital correspond
ents showed 20 States on the
bandwagon, although there were
doubts about some Of them.
The 1850 survey whitfield the
number down to 26, and actions
in at least five Of these States face
legal challenges.
The 26 are Wyoming. Rhode
Island, Mississippi, Maine, Michi-
gan, Arkansas, Indiana, Pennsyl-
vania, Delaware. New Hampshire,
Illinois, New Jersey, Nebraska.
Louisiana. Montana, New Mexico,
Nevada, Kansas, Florida, Utah,
Georgia, Virginia, Oklahoma,
Tennessee, Idaho and Texas.
But brainteasing legal questions
cast doubt on the validity Of pend
ing petitions from Pennsylvania,
Evening star., 1961-01-29

Nebraska, Montana, Virginia and
Tennessee.
Statistically, the movement
seems to be losing ground. With
Alaska and Hawaii admitted to
Statehood-and neither of them
bucking for income tax repeal-it
would take petitions from "a
States to set the stage for
constitutional convention. And 80
States (three-fourths Of the totaD
would have to ratify the resulting
amendment before 1t could become
law.
At one point or another during
the last two decades, 81 Legisla-
lures have raised their voices in
protest to Congress.
Over the same period, Govern
ment grew more complex, more
expensive, and its tax bite more
painful.
When Wyoming began the move
ment in 1889, Federal receipts
were just under IS billion, expen-
ditures $8.8 billion. The average
married couple with no dependent
and an income Of $4,000 paid $50
in income taxes.
Twenty years later, the average
married couple in the same cir
cumstances paid $760 in income
taxes.
BY 1860. Federal receipts had
Evening star., 1961-01-29

In May. 1855, after the Supreme
Court affirmed the deportation
order and denied @ rehearing, the
italian consul again issued travel
documents-good until September,
1855.
Hobeos Corpus Petition
Marcello proceeded to file suit
in the District and another petit
ton for habeas corpus In New Or
leans. When the habeas corpus
petition was dismissed In August,
1855. and Marcello was ordered to
surrender for deportation, the
Italian consul revoked the travel
documents. The District action
was dismissed but Marcello could
not be deported then for lack of
travel documents. Another year
passed.
On October 81. 1856. the Ital-
ian consul again issued the neces-
sary documents. On the same day,
Marcello filed q complaint in Dis
trict Court here challenging va
lidity Of the deportation order for
the third time. Now aware that he
might be running out Of time,
Marcello filed suit In Italy for a
determination that he was not an
Italian citizen and to restrain the
Italian government from issuing
travel papers.
Now, he had several actions 60
ing at once. When the Court of
Appeals ruled against him and
before the Supreme Court acted,
he filed o new suit in the District
charging that he had applied for
q stay Of deportation on the
ground that he would be subject
to physical persecution II deported
to Italy and that the stay had
been denied by immigration Off
cials because Of bias and preju-
dice and an unfair hearing.
In December, 1857. the Supreme
Court refused to review the older
suit. In March, 1858, District
Court here ruled against him on
the physical persecution" plea.
But In October. 1858. the appel
late court ruled with him and the
case went back to the immigration
Evening star., 1961-01-29

by Federal agents as part Of what
was then called the biggest mari.
huana ring in New Orleans his
tory. He pleaded guilty to the sale
Of more than % pounds Of un-
taxed marihuana and went to
Atlanta Penitentiary on Q years
sentence,
That marihuana conviction ul-
timately became the basis for his
deportation order. but not right
away. Until the McCarran-Wa
Act of 1852, deportations for
crimes involving moral turpitude
did not include his variety Of
marihuana violation. The new
act specifically covered It as
cause for deportation. and the
Government got busy.
Proceedings for Deportation
On December 30, 1852 deporta-
ton proceedings were started
against Marcello. When he was
arrested. he told reporters: This
is just another lawsuit. See my
lawyer" So far, it has been just
another lawsuit - or an endless
series Of them.
While other mobsters have gone
out Of circulation via death.
deportation or prison terms, Mar
cello has bounced out Of courts
and immigration hearings - still
dapper and free, still the happy
guest Of an unhappy host. How
has he managed2 A spokesman
for the immigration and Natural
ization Service says conservatively
hundreds of manhours have been
spent on this case. The chronology
Of litigation covers four pages and
more than 40 separate items.
Two months after deportation
proceedings started, he was ordered
deported. In June. 1858. his appeal
to the Board Of immigration
Appeals was dismissed, he was
arrested and promptly filed a
petition for q writ Of habeas corpus.
The italian consul. meanwhile,
had issued the necessary travel
documents for his return to Italy
but the papers were good only for
a year and he was going through
American courts during that time.
Evening star., 1961-01-29
Chances Of Income Tax Limit Move

for q constitutional convention
limiting the Federal power Of tax
ation."
Nor Is the confusion confined
to Washington. The status Of
these elusive petitions has given
more than one State official q
headache. Small wonder when you
consider:
. In Pennsylvania. the Legis-
lature memoralized Congress in
1943 to repeal the Sixteenth Qn-
come taxi Amendment. Gov. Ed
ward Martin vetoed the resolution,
and so far as any one knows 1t
never was forwarded to Congress.
They're still debating whether
Martin had the authority to veto.
"a similar row over veto power
ragged for years in Montana. Gov.
John w. Bonner mixed q 1851
resolution and the Legislature
tried, but failed. to override. Four
years later another Governor.
Hugo Aronson = blocked another
petition. Finally in 1857, the Leg
islature got through to Congress
mot with q request to limit taxes
but with q recommendation to in
crease personal exemptions.
. Assemblies Of Iowa, Kentucky,
Wisconsin, Massachusetts, and
Alabama voted to nullify the petit
tions of their predecessors. One
school Of thought maintains they
had not the power to rescind.
Movement SIumbering
Maybe the movement is slumber-
ing, but it's not dead. Texas took
the plunge In May. 1860, and
Wyoming. the granddaddy Of the
tax rebels, came up with q 1859
resolution reaffirming its original
position.
Ranged against this grass roots
rebellion are those who point to
the fancy price tag on space age
survival and wonder-like 1t or not
whether the income tax isn't
with us to stay.
Gov. Bonner. the Montana foe
Of tax limitation. summed up the
arguments for his side in his veto
message:
A rs per cent ceiling, he said.
would apply only to the wealthy
and would be of no benefit to the
average man or woman
Russia would have to declare
war upon us before we could spend
over the rs per cent limitation
for defense. Speaking literally, the
horse then would be out Of the
barn, and there would be good
chance that the Russians would
spend our money for US :"
Evening star., 1961-01-29

and Naturalization Service for fur
ther proceedings. He was to be
allowed o reasonable period to
present evidence In support Of his
application for q stay Of deporta-
ton.
Before the special inquiry Of
ficer. Marcello claimed that under
Italian law. criminal convictions
are registered and he would be
subjected to surveillance and cur
few, would not be able to get o
certificate Of good conduct, would
be limited in abode and would be
unable to do such things as hold
public office, carry arms, visit o
house Of prostitution. associate
with persons who have q criminal
record or leave home without ad-
vance notice to the authorities.
No TroveI Documents
The special inquiry officer
ruled that this showing failed to
establish that Marcello would be
subjected to physical persecution.
The regional commissioner at
Richmond upheld the ruling on
February 20. 1853.
And there the matter rests. Inn
migration authorities can't deport
him because they can't get travel
documents. France, which Mar
cello had designated as . place
Of deportation. has refused to
take him. Tlnisia has ruled that
Europeans are not automatically
citizens Of that country although
born there. Other countries also
have refused to accept him. And.
as Of this month. the italian
courts are still celebrating Mar
cello's claim Of non-citizenship.
Deportation has been the means
to rid the country Of such un-
desirables as Joe Adonis, Gaspare
Matranga, Bruno Corasaniti,
Nicholas Circella. Nicolo Impo-
state. Sam Accardi. Joseph Ac-
cardi and Frank Cammarata,
among others. It took years to
accomplish but these mobsters are
long gone.
Marcello apparently poses Q diff
ferent set Of problems for the At
torney Generals special attention.
Evening star., 1961-01-29

risen to nearly $7S.5 billion, ex-
penditures to STA billion.
And by 1860. ironically. some Of
the earliest crusaders for repeal
had changed their minds about
the income tax.
J. Bracken Lee, former Governor
Of Utah and now Mayor Of Salt
Lake City. furnishes Q striking
illustration.
Twice % Governor-in 1851 and
1953-Mr. Lee approved resolu-
tions Of the Utah Legislature to
hamstring the income tax. Such
resolutions. he said, were directed
toward the worthwhile objective
Of reducing the heavy burden Of
taxation that presses on every
American"
Petitions vary somewhat, but
generally they fall into two classi-
fications: Those seeking to limit
Federal income. gift and inheri-
tance taxes to IS per cent Of the
taxpayers annual earnings; and
those recommending that the
Federal Government funnel speci-
fled slices Of its revenues back to
the States.
Some Assemblies went further,
demanding that the Government
refrain from competing with pri-
vate enterprise.
On paper. 1t seems simple
enough: A Legislature approves q
resolution, it's forwarded to Con-
gress and duly added to the list Of
pending resolutions.
In practice, the situation bor-
derS on chaos.
Stotus Of Petitions
Apparently there is no central
repository for the petitions. Some
Of them arrive at the House Ju-
dietary Committee, others at the
doorstep Of various Senate COM
mittees.
Mrs. Bess Dick. secretary Of the
House Judiciary Committee. who
has been struggling to bring order
out Of the chaos, comedies: NO
body can say definitely how many
applications (from the States) are
pending (before Congress) and
how many aren't"
In 1859, the Judiciary Commit
tee made q stab at it. It published
report itemizing tax-limiting
petitions received from 20 States,
and it ventured this opinion:
"As Of January, 1859, Con-
gress, without discounting any ap-
plications because Of the lapse OF
time (since the Legislatures acted
could well conclude that 16 States
have applications validly pending
Evening star., 1961-01-29

chimes, horse parlors. bookie
joints, pinball machines and the
local race wire. One Of the re-
ports called him ''the reputed
Malta leader Of Louisiana"
Senator Kefauver. in his "Crime
in America" summed him UP this
way: In my opinion. Marcello
Is one Of the most sinister Grim
inals encountered by the commit
tee anywhere, and with some Of
his brothers and other relatives.
he is building Q criminal dynasty
that one day may rival AL Ca
pone's."
More recently Aaron M. Kohn,
q former FBI agent now manag-
ing director Of the Metropolitan
Crime Commission Of New Or
leans. told the Senate Rackets
Committe that Marcello is prob
ably one of the wealthiest men in
Louisiana today" with operations
in Texas. Mississippi and Alabama
and contacts with fellow mob
sters in other States.
Motive Of Tunis
Born Of Italian parents in Tunis,
Marcello came to this country as
an infant In 1910. When he was
10. he and a younger brother were
charged as accessories in O bank
robbery but the district attorney
dismissed the charges against him.
In 1880, he was convicted Of as
sault and robbery and sent to the
Louisiana State penitentiary for
a term Of nine to II years. He
was paroled In 1894 after serving
less than five years Of the sentence
and the following year. he was
pardoned by the then governor.
That year, Frank Costello, the
notorious New York gambler now
in Atlanta Penitentiary, and
Dandy Phil" Kastel moved their
slot machine operations to New
Orleans and Marcello Joined the
syndicate. During the late 1930s
and early 1940s Marcello's rise
conceded with the expanding
Costello-Kas gambling interests.
but he was also mixed up with
other criminal enterprises. Thus,
in 1898, Marcello was rounded UP
Evening star., 1961-01-29
BY WILLIAM HINES
Star Science Writer


DAYTON, Ohio.-When Ferdi-
nand Magellan set out on . voyage
around the world in 1919. he
thought he had problems In sup
plying the necessities Of life for o
voyage that would take three
years.
But Magellan's problems were
nothing compared with those Of
the space-nutrition experts who
are planning now for another
three year voyage-to Mars and
back. Studies leading to successful
provisioning Of such trip, per-
haps Is years from. now, are q
high-priority matter today at
Wright-P Patterson Air Force Base.
Miss Beatrice Finkelstein, q
nutritionist with q master Of
science degree, Is one Of those
deepest into the problem Of keep
ing o space crew well fed and
reasonably happy under literally
unearthly conditions : for long
periods.
DR.. Wernher Won Braun has cal
culated that an Earth -Mars-Earth
trip, arranged to use the minimum
amount Of fuel, would take 969
days. All food, water and air re-
quirements for O crew, probably
Of no fewer than three men, would
have to be carried aboard ship.
There are no supermarkets in
space.
Miss Finkelstein has been work
ing on space feeding problems at
the Air Forces Aerospace Medical
Laboratory for almost four years.
She 10 convinced the problem Of
feeding the Mercury Astronauts
has been solved, and she Is rea-
sonably certain that trips up to
six months duration can be pro-
yisioned by present techniques.
The Problem Is Time
It is the protracted trip, like
the Mars voyage, that still pre-
sents difficult problems. AS far
as Miss Finkelstein can see. the
problem must be solved by max
ing the space ship a closed
geology" like the earth itself, abb
solutely self-sufficient for air.
water and food supplies and not
dependent at all on the inhospi-
table space vacuum outside.
This Is going to mean a recy-
cling Of all air breathed, all water
drunk and all food eaten, Miss
Finkelstein points out. Some new
dietary attitudes, and indeed some
new articles Of diet. are going to
result from the creation of such
a system, she says.
In o closed geology there Is no
such thing as waste" because
everything Is used over and over
again. Experiments have already
shown that recycling Of water Is
feasible. The experience of the
farmer who makes his crops grow
better by fertilizing them with
manure points clearly to the fact
that solid wastes have o role in
the food chain. Plants use the
waste" carbon dioxide from an
imals' breath and in turn throw
off oxygen which animals must
have to stay alive.
Much published material about
deep-space feeding In o closed
geology system has revolved
around the use Of algae as o die
tary staple. Algae are aquatic
plants, one form Of which Is Or
dinary green pond scum-hardly q
dainty dish to set before q king.
The advantage to algae as q space
ship ration Is that they multiply
rapidly and purify air by gulping
down all available carbon dioxide.
But nutrition research is going
on in other directions, too. Some
experts see q possibility Of devel-
Evening star., 1961-01-29
By STAN KOvEN
Associated Press staff writer

On the eve Of World War II,
Wyoming started q fire in the
grass roots with q provocative
message to Congress: Let's slap q
ceiling on the Federal income tax.
State after State took up the
cry for an amendment to the
Constitution restricting the Fed
eral Governments right TO tax
income. granted In 1913 by the
Sixteenth Amendment. The fire
spread. but oddly enough it never
generated much heat in WASH
ington. Why?
Time. red tape, bigger and big
ger national budgets, plus the
vagaries Of constitutional law-all
combined against the assault on
the income tax.
Twenty-Five years have passed:
There are fresh sparks Of unrest
in Texas. Idaho and Wyoming,
but the ashes seem cold in Iowa,
Wisconsin, Kentucky, Alabama
and Massachusetts,.
Pennsylvania, Nebraska, Mon
tana and Virginia apparently
have deserted the cause.
In dozen or more other States,
the vision Of an income tax har-
messed to a strict legal limitation
still occasionally stirs the blood
Of o legislator. But he seldom gets
very far with his fellow assembly
men.
orisinote in Congress
Amendments to the Constitu-
ton have always originated In the
National Congress, which then re-
fers them TO the States for the
necessary ratification. Despalring
two decades ago that Federal leg
islators In Washington would viii
lingly start q move to limit Uncle
Sans right to tax, the 1889 Wy
oming legislature decided to try
another course suggested by the
Constitution but never before
tested.
Article v appears to state that
amendments need not originate
in the National Congress. It says
that II two thirds of the State
Legislatr res submit petitions, Con-
gress shall call q constitutional
convention to consider amend
mentS.
It's what Article v does not say,
however. that exerted q major
effect on the tax limitation move
ment, altering and obscuring its
course.
Can q Governor. for instance,
veto a Legislatures appeal to Con-
Evening star., 1961-01-29
Goldberg Philosophy
On Settling Strikes

quick grin, is apt to be the essence
Of the new secretary's dealings in
all areas Of controversy. His feel
ing that all men Of good win can
settle the great economic and
social issues is basic to the pro-
posal which is the nub Of his per-
sonal program and is likely to
prove among the more interesting
innovations, Of the Kennedy ad-
ministration.
Mr.. Goldberg has been propos-
ing. privately and in recent
speeches. National Council of
Acknowledgements Advisers COM
posed Of an equal number Of rep
resentatives of labor. management,
and the public. and responsible
directly to the President. He would
have his council turn its attention
to the great problems like auto
nation, the pursuit Of full pro-
duction and full employment. and
the question Of competing with
imported goods.
1t would have only one "op-
irrational" role-the settlement of
national emergency labor disputes.
In these cases. Mr.. Goldberg
would have the council serve as q
fact-finding board responsible for
making recommendations that
would help the contending parties
toward q solution of their differ
enceS.
Enthusiastic Reception
Mr.. Goldberg claims he has
found tremendous enthusiasm for
his proposal and that most of the
hundreds of letters and telegrams
which praised his appointment
were inspired by enthusiasm for
his idea.
But as the Secretary moves into
office with this major settlement
to his credit, his greatest pressures
are coming less from the strife be-
tween management and labor than
from the frictions within the labor
movement itself. Mr.. Goldberg's
appointment and his heavy selec-
ton Of officials identified with the
CIO wing Of the labor movement
have exposed the raw nerve Of dis
sent that exists between the Reu-
ther and Meany wings of the AFL-
CLIO, a web of dislike and distrust
that bids fair in the opinion of
many experts to tear the unified
labor movement asunder within
the coming years.
1t Is the negotiation Of these Diff
ferences that may afford Goldberg
his greatest test as a conciliating
force.