davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-01-15
State Of Union:
A Final Report

President Eisen h o wer last
week assessed the state Of the
Union and reviewed the record
of his eight years in the White
House.
Few besides intense political
partisans will argue with Mr..
Eisenhower's conclusion in his
farewell report to Congress that
the Nation advanced spiritually.
morally and materially in the
eight years Of his stewardship OF
the White House.
On the home front. the dollar
remained remarkably stable while
wages increased substantially. The
gross national product topped the
half -trillion-d dollar mark for the
first time. Man hours aost from
strikes were less than half the
total in the 1s44-52 period.
A look at the international af-
fairs record shows a strengthen
ing of the free worlds security
system. with the establishment Of
CENTO and. SEATO: the treaty
with Japan; the emergence Of a
strong West Germany and more
powerful NATO. Crises. real and
threatened. were met with speed
and resolution in Suez, Lebanon
and the Formosa Strait. to name
three.
Evening star., 1961-01-15
Liberals Upset

The Democratic liberals in the
Senate are upset, too. over certain
committee assignments. Senator
Clark Of Pennsylvania, reform
leader, wanted a post on the For
eign Relations Committee. Two
seats were available. One went
to an arch conservative, Thomas
]. Dodd of Connecticut two years
Mr.. Clark's junior in terms Of
Senate service. Senator Syming-
ton of Missouri got the other
one.
Another conservative, Senator
Blakley Of Texas, got a seat on
the Judiciary Committee, which
will handle any civil rights legis-
lation. Senator Long Of Missouri,
q moderate, was given the other
Judiciary opening. They replace
two liberals. Senator O'Mahoney
Evening star., 1961-01-15
Troubles in 1860

Mr.. Eisenhower. in his message,
UNDERSTANDABLE put his best foot
forward and doubtless CLOSED over
disappointments at home and
abroad. Ironically. some Of the
blackest ones came during his
final full year in the White House:
Growing unemployment; the
balance Of payments deficit and
the drain on our gold holdings:
the collapse Of the summit meet
ing. preceded by the unfortunate
U-2 incident; crises over Cuba,
the Congo and Laos.
The President. however, did not
contend that all's right with the
world or even with the United
States. He acknowledged the exist
ence of agonizing problems which,
unlike a presidential term, have
no neat terminal date. These
will shortly be placed in Mr.. Ken
nedy's lap. Mr.. Eisenhower took
note Of this with these gracious
words: ,-
"A new President shortly will
lay before you his proposals to
shape the future Of our great land.
To him, every citizen, whatever
his political beliefs, prayerfully ex-
tends best wishes for good health
and for wisdom and success in
coping with the problems that
confront our Nation"
Perhaps the most important
accomplishment Of Mr.. EiSen-
hover, who will make a farewell
television address to the Nation on
Tuesday and hold final news
conference, perhaps on WedneS-
day, was this:
He steered us through eight
years Of peace, however tenuous,
in a world nervous with an in
creasing proliferation Of nuclear
bombs and missiles. And he did
it without appeasing the ever
more powerful and aggressive
forces of world communism.
Evening star., 1961-01-15

All are virtually certain to be
confirmed, as are the remaining
three, Secretaries McNamara of
Defense and Hodges Of Commerce
and Postmaster General Day -
who will be heard by the appro-
pirate Senate committees in the
next couple days.
Bobby Kennedy packed the
Judiciary Committee hearing room
and many disappointed citizens
were turned away. But If he drew
the biggest crowd. the testimony
of Secretary of State-designate
Rusk and Secretary of the Treas
ury-designate Dillon was more
important.
While each displayed a caution
that bespoke their clear under
standing that John F. Kennedy
was THE boss, some insight into
their thinking as members Of the
new administration was given in
their responses to committee
questions. @
Evening star., 1961-01-15

a move to pack the committee
with left-wingers. The matter
will be voted on at o Democratic
caucus Tuesday under little used
procedure which binds the men,
bership to vote for it on the
floor If two-thirds Of those pres
sent at the caucus approve 1t.
Mr.. Rayburn, who may have
counted noses before he an
nounced his plan. said he would
have more than half Of the South
ern votes with him, assuring q
two-thirds majority. Mr.. Smith
is fighting hard but. ironically. he
may have to vote for the Rayburn
plan on the floor lest he jeopar-
die his Craftsmanship as penalty.
Evening star., 1961-01-15
Move to Sidetrock

Senate Majority Leader Mans
field. supported by Minority Lead
er Dirksen, led the move to side
track the filibuster reform on the
grounds that a fight now would
delay the Kennedy legislative pro-
gram. He promised. however, that
the reformers would be given q
chance to bring up the matter at
the end Of the session.
The Mansfield move, in which
many saw the strong hand Of Vice
President-elect Lyndon johnson,
could be the death blow to chang
ing the filibuster rule in this ses-
sion and perhaps before 1865. This
Is the reason:
Vice President Nixon held that
the Senate. by simple majority
vote, may change its rules at the
start OF Congress. Mr.. johnson,
who will succeed him on Friday,
has insisted that the Senate Is q
continuing body" and, therefore,
a minimum Of two-thirds Of those
present and voting is necessary to
amend the rules.
Unless Mr.. johnson reverses
himself in what would be q sur
prise move, it will take 81 Sena-
tors to shut off debate, If all 100
are present. And this goes for
the debate on changing Rule %.
the so-called filibuster rule. Thus,
the Southerners could filibuster
the debate-curb proposal to death.
Evening star., 1961-01-15
The WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
Orderly Transfer Of Power

AS a festive, frenzied Inaugu-
raj Day spirit began to grip
Washington, the difficult and
highly important job sof COM
pleting the transfer Of power
from an outgoing Republican to
q new Democratic administration
proceeded at q stepped-up pace
last week:
. More than half the members
Of President elect Kennedy's
newly appointed cabinet made
their journeys to Capitol Hill for
scrutiny by the pertinent Senate
committees. AL appeared as
sured Of quick confirmation. In
some cases the scrutiny was
close; in all there was o notice.
able absence Of animosity and
in fact, things were quite cosy.
. President Eisenhower on
Thursday sent up, to be read by
q clerk. his eighth and final
state e-of-the- Union message. Al
AChuy 10N111S OdACu Ills 4doU IGS
view Of troops at Augusta, he
now was planning q farewell TV
speech Tuesday night.
. Mr.. Kennedy, still in sunny
Palm Beach, continued to receive
task force" reports, including
recommendations for action, in
o number Of problem areas. and
he continued to make them pub
Lie In trial-balloon fashion.
. The Senate solved its anti-fili-
buster headache for the time be-
ing while the House, led by
Speaker Rayburn, moved toward
q pre-Inauguration Day decision
on what to do about its contro-
versial Rules Committee, thus
clearing the way for congressional
action on the Kennedy legislative
program at an early date.
Evening star., 1961-01-15
Cubu's War:
No Sugar

Cuban Premier Fidel Castro's
frenzied preparations for an in
vasion by United States forces
last week were making fascin-
ating news copy and holding
up the sugar harvest.
"It might be-" said a British
diplomat In Washington who had
served a tour in Havana re-
Gently, "that Fidel has decided
that Cuba has too much sugar
now"
He was referring to the cur
rent harvest. ready in the lush
green fields for cutting, and get
ting no attention at all from
the thousands Of guajiroS who in
ordinary times would be welding
their razor r-edged machetes, earn
Evening star., 1961-01-15

that. Of course. there win be some
differences of opinion among vig-
orous persons. The level-headed
Georgian then made this wise OBJ
servation:
II think it is important that
when the President makes q
decision he knows what the al
ternatives are and what major
approaches there are to such
questions, that he should not be
confronted simply with q mono
lithic recommendation without
knowing what diverse opinions
there are from other depart
ments Of Government or from
whatever quarter"
This Is the current thinking and
approach at the Pentagon, too.
But the Symington panel on De-
fense Department reorganization,
by eliminating the Joint Chiefs Of
Staff in favor Of a single all
powerful chief and by downgrad-
ing the individual services. would
produce the "monolithic recon-
mendation" that Mr.. Rusk would
guard against.
Mr. Dillon who, Is Undersecre-
tary Of State in the outgoing
Eisenhower administration, ap-
peared before the Senate Finance
Committee twice. He gave both the
conservatives and liberals cause
for cheer. He pledged restraint in
spending programs" and declared
the need to fight for q stable dol
lar and correction Of our serious
balance in payments deficit.
He also said Congress would
receive early in this session a pro-
gram to close tax loop-holes and
asserted that there must be no
stinting on national security. And.
unhappily. he predicted q prob
able deficit for next year.
Evening star., 1961-01-15

of Wyoming and the late Senator
Hennings of Missouri.
While most of the liberals
spleen is being vented against
Mr.. Mansfield, some repeatedly
have expressed strong disappoint-
ment that Mr.. Kennedy did not
come to their aid.
One swallow does not make a
summer, but if the above case is
an indication that the President
elect is going to give his congress
sional leadership large measure
of freedom of operation, the out
spoken liberal group will be heard
from again and the new President
may not like what he hears.
In the House, Speaker Rayburn
asserted on Wednesday that he
had decided to solve the Rules
Committee problem in q pain
less" way. This would be to en-
large the membership from IL to
is by adding two Democrats Glib
eral or moderate) and one Repub-
lican. The Speaker has dropped
the idea, at least for now, of purg-
ing Representative Colmer Of
Mississippi, Rules member who
did not support the Kennedy
johnson ticket.
Inasmuch as four Republicans
have usually sided with two con-
servative Democrats, including
Chairman Smith, to block what
they considered ultra-liberal well
fare and civil rights measures, the
prospective vote in the enlarged
committee would be 8 to Z to
clear the legislation for House
floor action.
MIR. Smith takes a dim view Of
the Rayburn plan, which he called
Evening star., 1961-01-15
The Naval Base

Guantanamo Bay, where the
United States Navy maintains q
major naval base, was slated to
be busy in the next few weeks as
an especially large series of exer-
cises get under way in the Carib-
bean. Most Of the maneuvers were
scheduled far enough from Cuban
shores to provide no ready alibis
for additional Castro charges Of
aggression. But the ships of the
fleet will call at Guantanamo, as
usual, for refueling, recreation
and regrouping.
In Montevideo, Uruguay, pro-
Castro demonstrations in the
streets brought swift government
. action last week. The Cuban Am
bassador and the First Secretary
Continued on Page Ca
Evening star., 1961-01-15
Some Rusk Views

For example, Mr.. Rusk said he
saw no present prospect that the
United States could establish
normal relations with Red China,
but added that the Peking re-
gime must be reckoned with If
any progress is to be made on
disarmament.
When asked what relationship
Chester BowleS, as Undersecretary,
and Adlai Stevenson. as United
Nations Ambassador. would have
with him, Mr.. Rusk assured the
Senators that they see things gen.
orally the same way he does but
Evening star., 1961-01-15
New Cabinet:
Sweet Talk

Seven members Of the Ken.
nedy cabinet testified before
Senate committees in confirms
tion hearings last week.
Republicans have Joined DEM
ocrats. regardless Of politico-
philosophical leanings. to give
President-elect Kennedy's cabinet
appointees one Of the friendliest
screenings in recent memory.
Seven department heads-to-be
ran the almost gooey gauntlet,
Included in this group was Mr.
Kennedy's brother, Bobby. the
Attorney General-designate and
the only really controversial cabi-
net choice.
Evening star., 1961-01-15
The Plane Issue

On the other side Of the coin.
however. the gift Of four trainer
fighter aircraft to the Boun Gum
forces led by Gen. Phoumi Nosa-
van by the United States con-
tributed little to peace. The
propellor-driven World War II
trainers were promptly armed
with machine guns and rocket
launchers, and with Laotian pilots
took off on successive missions to
strafe the leftist forces on the
Plaine des Jarres In North Gen.
tral Laos.
Protests were speedy in Hanoi,
capital Of North Wet Nam.
coupled with implications that
American supply Of combat planes
to the Boun Gum regime would
mean that Communist China or
the Soviet Union would retaliate
with q gift Of fighters or bombers
to the Kong lie rebels.
Exactly who was q "rebel" In
Laos last week depended entirely
on whose side one espoused.
Prince Souvanna Phouma, who
took over as Premier after q
Kong lie coup last summer over
threw the then pro-Western gov
eminent, fled to Cambodia when
rebel" troops under Gen. Phoumi
Nosavan, with open United States
support, threatened the capital
city Of Vientiane.
Prince Souvanna has not re-
signed as Premier. But. the
Nosavan forces captured Vien-
tiane, and installed Mr.. Boun
Oum as Premier. The Laotian
Parliament later confirmed the
legality Of the Boun Oum regime,
and he is supported by the United
States and Thailand as the
legitimate leader Of Laos.
Evening star., 1961-01-15
PoIuris:
Progress

The Defense Department gave
the Navy approval to install
the Polaris ballistic missile
aboard surface ships Of the
Fleet.
For we'll over a year, the Navy
has sought permission from the
Defense Department to proceed
with a program for installing its
hydrogen-tipped Polaris rocket on
surface ships of the striking fleets.
The answer has always been.
mo, not now" There were sew
eral reasons for the negative re-
Continued on Page ca
Evening star., 1961-01-15
THE FOREIGN SCENE
Laos Negotiation
Offers Peace Hope

World tension over the situ-
atlon In Laos, where East-West
eriented civil war has threat
encd . '.new Korea" was eased
last week as both sides sought .
political solution by negotiation.
A dangerous situation in the
mountainous kingdom Of Laos ap-
peared less menacing to world
peace Friday. Despite continuing
warfare between the United States
backed government of Premier
Boun Gum, and the "rebel" forces
loyal to former Premier Prince
souvanna Phouma, there seemed
less likelihood that the showdown,
basically an East-West skirmish in
the cold war, would result in
involvement of major powers.
There were these major devel-
opments during the week that
alleviated fears Of a Laotian ex-
plosion:
Q Prince Norodom Sihanouk Of
Cambodia, bordering on Laos and
also q former part Of French Indo-
China, formally suggested q Ia
power conference on the Laotian
problem.
o Soviet Ambassador to the
United States Mikhail Menshikov
requested a session with Secretary
Of State Herter. and apparently
Indicated strongly the view Of his
government that the Laos crisis
must not be permitted to become
threat to world peace:
o Moscow pressed q previous pro-
posal that q conference Of the
signatory nations to the 1854 Ge-
neva Convention, which settled
the long Indo-C China war. be con-
vened to discuss Laos;
o India's Prime Minister Java
harlal Nehru in o message to the
White House urged immediate re-
convening Of the former three
power International Control Com
mission Qndia, Canada and Po-
land) to take steps toward settling
the Laotian. crisis:
o French President Charles de
Gaulle backed Cambodia's plea for
Q l4-nation conference;
o The Laotian regime of Premier
Boun Gum proposed to London
that the International Control
Commission be reactivated and
reorganized to include as members
India, Indonesia and Burma.
Evening star., 1961-01-15

ing q few weeks pay. and pro-
viding q few million more tons
Of cane to sweeten the world.
Instead the guaijros were
welding Czech and Belgian ma
chine rifles and wearing the green
fatigues Of Fidel Castro's militia.
and earning next to nothing
while they awaited q certain"
amphibious invasion Of Cuba's
verdant shores by the colossus Of
the North.
Fidel's invasion drama was be-
ginning to become a bit boring
even to the excited Fidelistas as
the week began. but announce
ment in Washington Of the an
nual United States Navy Carib-
bean maneuvers gave the bearded
impresario a new extension on
his production.
Evening star., 1961-01-15
Congress-:
Caution

Bipartisan liberal forces seek
ing rules reforms last week
made progress in the House, but
suffered . major setback In
the Senate.
One Of President-elect Ken
nedy's first post-Inauguration Day
tasks may very well involve
smoothing some ruffled feathers
on Capitol Hill.
Bipartisan liberal groups In
both Houses have launched the
87th Congress into 0 sea Of con-
troversy with their relentless
drive to curb the filibuster in
the Senate and to break the
House Rules Committees enor-
nous power over what legislation
shall reach the House floor.
, Mr.. Kennedy. II he were In
Congress, would be counted
among these liberal reformers.
His successor as Senator from
Massachusetts,, Benjamin Smith
II, voted with them. But as
President-elect he has decided on
an "it's-entirely-up-to-Congress"
policy.
This stand has not been pop
ular among the more eager DEM
ocratic liberals in the Senate who.
along with band Of sympa-
thetic Republicans, saw their
efforts to curb the filibuster
stalled on Wednesday as the Senate
shunted two key resolutions to
the Rules Committee for study.
The vote was close: so to 46. It
was the best showing the anti
filibuster group has made in years,
but it was still three votes short
Of even q majority Of those present
and voting. It was. more impor.
family. a dozen shy Of the three
fifths Of the total vote the liberals
suggested for Q curb on filibusters.
The present requirement is two
thirds Of those present and voting.
Evening star., 1961-01-15
Extravaganza

Some 5000 were in attendance
at the rally-a small number for
Fidel's usual extravaganzas. The
Premier himself was somewhat
restrained, for him, in his rhet-
oric. He didn't stress the point
when he said that Cuban pre-
paredness had forestalled inva-
sion. He even went so far as to
suggest q possibility that Cuban
United States relations might be
much improved after the inaugu-
ration Of John F. Kennedy.
Fidel extended the period Of
the Cuban ''alert" aginst Yanqui
invasion from January 18 to jan
uary 20. But the invasion filters
were noticeably reduced, despite
the extension. Rooftop riflemen
were withdrawn. Anti aircraft
batteries. one Of which repeatedly
shot down a Castro fighter plane
last week in a frenzy Of patrir
otism, were given orders Of eau
ton.
In his suggestion that relations
with Washington might be I'M
proved under the incoming Ken
nedy regime, the Premier held out
the hope that the future Of the
Guantanamo United States Naval
Base might be bargaining point.
Observing that his regime had
no points Of friction with the new
administration, Fidel observed
that "the only problem Is Guam
tanamo. and we are in no hurry
about that base. It's their (the
United States headache because
after breaking relations with
Cuba) the position of the United
States before world opinion is un-
tenable as regards this base"
In recent weeks the leadership
OF some Of Cuba's largest labor
unions has been "purged" Of
anti Communist leaders, accord
ing to wire service reports from
Havana. A march Of the Electri-
cal Workers on the Presidential
Palace. with the marchers shout
ing Cuba 81! Russia mol" brought
on the swift housekeeping.
Most reports from Havana and
Santiago last week were Of the
usual pattern. How much opposi-
ton to Fidel Castro's regime
existed still depended very much
on who was making the report.
Relations between the Roman
Catholic Church and the Castro
regime were worse than ever, es-
pecially after Castro militiamen
occupied the buildings Of the
Jesuit Belen College.
Evening star., 1961-01-15
Lose Enthusiasm

But even with the extension, as
the days dragged by and the
usually balmy Cuban weather
turned unseasonably inclement,
the faithful followers Of Fidel be-
gan to lose some Of their enthusi-
asm. AS any infantryman of any
nation knows, two or three days
in q water-logged rifle pit can
dampen q lot of enthusiasm,
particularly If nothing is happen
ing.
On Friday night Premier Cas-
tro, sticking to the predicted
scrip, assured the Cuban people
that the mighty preparations Of
loyal Cubanos had frightened
off" the Yanqui imperialist invad-
ers. The occasion was q huge
rally Of organized labor, called
repeatedly to drown out in o sea
Of rhetoric some annoying symp-
toms Of independence in major
Cuban unions.
Evening star., 1961-06-25
BY FRANCIS LIDE
star Staff Writer

Nursing has changed con-
siderably since the late 10th
century when it consisted of
little more than an elaborate
system of domestic services"
as Senator Lister Hill once
put it.
In 1890, with only IS
schools in this country for
inStructing nurses, there were
only All graduate nurses. Nor
were standards for licensing
nurses established until after
1900.
Today the schools in the
United States dedicated to
nursing education number
more than 1000, and the
population of licensed pro-
fessional nurses actively en-
gagged in providing expers
nursi~g care for the Ameri-
can public is about a half
million.
Probably no other profess
sion has attained greater
maturity in so short a time"
Senator Hill noted.
But are the nurses resting
on their laurels?
Not G. bit of it.
Spurred by the great ad-
vances in medicine and
health care, especially since
World War II, the growing
number of aged and chron-
ically Ill patients and other
challenges stemming from
changing patterns of living
and increased concern for
health, Americas nurses have
launched a program for
better nursing care through
research"
Heading up the program Is
the American Nurses Foun-
dation, established by the
American Nurses Association
in 1855, to meet the need for
a continuing, full-time CO.
ordinated program Of re-
search in nursing practice.
The foundation has
launched a drive for a 81
Evening star., 1961-06-25
Romantic Journey, Family Style

Amused but absurdy pleased you retire from the scene
OF CONQUEST to reward the impatient progeny with hot
dogs cokes and hilarious sessions in the Take Your Own
Picture booths Nov don't spend all your money" their
father warns Remember stop for an hour at the
amusement park"
The ship is already slowing down. the butterfly of
lights beckonng You count noses herd them off at Mar
snail Hail. with its neatly cut and sidewalks and even
the pitch stands clean and permanent like an or
der small town. Warning the older against missing
the boat you take the others the ferris Wheel try your
luck at Bngo and at last shoot them back board at the
whistles warning hoot
Faces pink with cotton candy clutching their little
tr1nKets children browse benches settle down in
parents arms Teenagers in pumed hats and carrying
stuffed animals seek out shadowed corners play guitars
begin to sing Lovers stand at the rails embracing Gray
haired couples hold hands The moon has risen it pours
its briance onto the and smiles on the faces old
and young. 8
Evening star., 1961-06-25
Shall We Dance?
Or, Parents on the SPOT

Hey. that musics great" enthuses your 10-year old
Lets everybody downstairs and watch you and Daddy
dance!"
wondering what there is about this spectacle parents
dancing that they find entertaining you decide to get
1t over with The fact that the floor is packed people
scootng mady about to whistles only excites them further
II seems that you're standing on certain spot when the
whistle blows you win prize. go on tryitl"
To your amazement. you're grabbed almost at once
Inis lucky couple right here! You get $25 worth Of
dancing eSSons!"
How about that Mom?" An older son. expertly
swinging his girl grins wtckedly over his shoulder Guess
he knows who needs em!"