davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-12-09
THE POWER OF FAITH

And Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the
City of Nazareth. into Judea unto the City of David
which is called Bethlehem To be taxed with Mary
his espoused wife, being great with child" They
passed knarled olive trees heard the bray of donkeys
and the whr-r-r-r of bird wings, as they assembled
the rocky slopes, seeded with wild flowers that would
beautfy the hillsides the Love of the Son would
beautify the hearts of men.-By Howard Brodie AP
NeWsfeatureS.
Evening star., 1961-12-09
Pastoral Institute
Director to Speak

The Rev. Knox Kreutzer. ex-
ecutive director of the PASTORAL
Institute. will address two Epis-
copal clergy groups next week.
Mr.. Kreutzer will speak to the
Washington Glorious at 10 am,
Monday in the Good Shepherd.
818 University boulevard West,
Silver Spring, Md, and the Po-
tomac Glorious at IL noon
Thursday in st. Patrick's Epis-
copal Church, 1415 Brush drive,
Falls Church, Va.
Evening star., 1961-12-09

"The Judgment of Jeru-
salem" will be the subject of
Mrs. Roy K. Casters discussion
before the Trinity Women's
Bible Class Of Sherwood Pres
Evening star., 1961-12-09

ASSEMBLIES OF GOD
Evening star., 1961-11-27
Reds Now Favor Jail
To Expulsion of Spies

and students had been expelled
from the Soviet Union, mainly
for photographing or looking at
things the Russians classify as
secret.
Many things listed as espio-
mage in the Soviet Union are
not considered even slightly
criminal in other countries. 1t
is illegal to photograph any
bridge. high tension power line,
airport, railroad yard or the
like.
There also seems to be a
sensitive area in the western
reaches of the Soviet Union.
Most of the tourists arrested
have been picked up near Uzh-
gorod. the passageway to Czech
oslovakia through the Carpa-
THAN Mountains, or the area
of ChernovtSy,, crossing point
into Romania.
Western military attaches
pass along these roads and
could make far more accurate
reports on what they see than
could civilian tourists. How
ever, some attaches also have
been expelled in the past two
years for keeping their eyes
open too wide.
Evening star., 1961-11-27
Senator Welded Bockstoge Power
As Leader of Conservative Policy

Armed Services. OF the first
two he was ranking member
and next to it on the third.
Senator Bridges understood
hsi role: these were the vital
spots and none of that Lyn-
don johnson nonsense that
major committee posts ought
to be divided up with fresh
men Senators.
Senator Goldwater will
most certainly demand the
Armed Services place: it has
long been one of his major
interests. The contest for the
others might be interesting
for few senior Republican
conservatives have Senator
Bridges nerve and skill.
Democrats no less than
Republicans will feel the
power vacuum ,ett by the
Senator from New Hamp-
Evening star., 1961-11-27
DORIS FLEEsoN
G.O.P.WM Feel Bridges Loss

shire. So will reporters. All
hands could get a straight
answer from him. His walk
down his side of the street
was purposeful. but it was
neither aggressive nor Secre-
tive.
He had also a quality which
saves many a political situ-
alton, which was humor. His
business and the people in
it diverted him, and he was
a good prophet about their
actions and the probable
reasons for those actions. He
could be very kind.
Senator Bridges was a good
example Of members of Con-
gress who. because they come
from small States or are out
of tune more or less with the
times, fail to catch on ma
tionally and so make their
congressional career count to
the utmost. He welded more
power than many better
known Senators; he knew it
and enjoyed it.
Evening star., 1961-11-27
Flood Relief Work
Faces Seville

SEVILLE, Spain, Nov. 27
(AP). - Flood waters receded
today from a large section of
this historic city, leaving Off
cials with a vast task of relief
for thousands of homeless.
The river Tamarguillo, which
heavy rains sent into low-lying
sections over the week end, had
dropped 6 feet by this morning
and smaller streams were also
falling. But large sections of
Seville were still under water.
United States Air Force and
naval units stationed in Spain
Joined Spanish authorities in
distributing food 'and moving
refugees to shelter.
The city'S airport at San
Pablo, cut off by the water
yesterday, resumed normal
operations.
Officially the death toll re-
manned at two, but officials
were checking for other victims.
Evening star., 1961-11-27
Murrow Critical
Of Appropriation
For His Agency

NEW YORK, Nov. 27 (AP).-
Edward r. Murrow criticized
Congress yesterday for not CIV
ing his United States Informa-
ton Agency more money.
The former Columbia Broad
casting System vice president
said Congress had appropriated
only $l15,5OO,OOO. He asserted
this was less than had been
requested, less than the cost of
a single polaris missile SUBJ
marine and short of the $125
million the Russians spend
yearly to jam his agency's Voice
of America radio broadcasts.
The USIA originally asked
Congress for $141, 100000 for
the IL months which began
July l.
The USIA director said the
pattern of the Russians jam
ming showed the questions they
were sensitive on.
In recent week." Mr.. Muir
row said, they will jam any
thing that has to do with Ber-
lin. with nuclear testing, with
Laos, with the state of food
production in the Soviet. Union. ~
Evening star., 1961-11-27
Noticeable Change in Attitude
Evidenced at Recent Conferences

year-old Chancellor Aden-
auer of Free Germany.
The past habit had been to
make many mental contrasts
between such aged visitors as
this and the 44-year-old
American head of state who
had seemed, only last year in
the campaign, so boyish, both
in appearance and in style.
Now, as Adenauer's head
was bent tcward Kennedy's
head at a. White House
luncheon, there seemed Moth
ing specially odd in the scene.
1t was now simply a scene in
which two powerful men
we're pleasantly but deter
minedly graphing with each
other. as they sought first
to define and then to merge
their individual views on
high Western policy in the
Evening star., 1961-11-27
BY PRESTON GROVER
Associated Press staff Writer

MOSCOW, Nov. 27.-The
Russians now are imprisoning
tourists convicted of spying
They used to expel them.
Since September, one Ameri-
can, two Dutch and two Ger
mans have been packed off to
Soviet prisons.
The Germans and the Dutch
got longer sentences than Fran
els Gary Powers, the American
U-2 pilot who was given 10
years for flying over the Soviet
Union May l, 1860. Powers,
now in prison at vladimir, 100
miles east of Moscow, must do
three years in prison and the
rest of the time in a labor
camp.
The same type of military
court last month handed out
13-year sentences for espionage
to two Dutch tourists, Lou de
Jager, 25, and Evert Reydon,
%.
Last week two Germans,
Peter Sonntag, %, and Walter
Naumann, 81, drew 12-year
sentences on charges of spying
for the United States.
The same charges face Mr..
and Mrs. Adolf Werner, two
West German tourists who go
on trial tomorrow.
The first tourist to feel the
wrath of a military court was
Marvin William Makinen, a
student from Chassel, Mich. He
drew an eight-year sentence on
September 9.
Previously various tourists
Evening star., 1961-11-27
S. WHITE

The young" President
Kennedy of whom we all
used to speak and write so
much is not really here any
more. Now. there is Just
President Kennedy, without
any qualifying adjective.
Ten months in office have
so thoroughly taken away
the once strong impression
Of youthfulness that one
hardly stops to think of the
Presidents age, one way or
another.
In any White House meet
ing now he is simply one of
those there; no longer looked
upon as that extraordinarily
young fellow standing there.
This fact was most strikingly
borne in upon .onlookers in
the Presidents recent con-
ferences here with the 85-
Evening star., 1961-11-27
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

Arthur Dean nuclear negotator says slogan
test and talk Soviet slogan: Explode and reload"
The NavyS $444 million atomic carrier the Enterprise,
joins the fleet What do you mean, free Enterprise?
my is Nikita Birch" said the patient to the psy-
chiatrs land I'm all mixed up about communism"
The nice thing about hobby that really isn't
harder than job and don't to fight the traffic
to get to work.
brisk walker Joined the usual White pickets
carrying sign which read Just walking Doctors orders
Evening star., 1961-11-27
DORIS FLEESON

With the death Of Senator
Styles Bridges, the powerful
business community which
largely finances the Repub-
lican Party has lost its anchor
man in the United States
Congress.
Others might run for Presi-
dent and please the Repub-
lican crowds. But nothing
very much went on with re-
spect to Republican policy
until after someone had sug-
gested: Let's see what Styles
thinks r
In his prize suite. strategi-
cally placed near the Senate
floor, Bridges literally ran a
powerhouse. Whatever the
political weather outside, he
shrewdly and with consider
able success pursued his aim
of bending the House and
Senate into the shapes pre-
ferred by the economic base
Of his party.
In the larger sense he may
be said to have failed. In his
Is years as Senator, he never
served under any President
as conservative and national
ist as he himself was. But the
slow pace of many economic
and social measures for which
the country seemed to be
voting nationally, especially
since the depression, was a
rough gauge of his influence
and operative skill.
Business interests will find
him hard to replace. There
will probably be several can
didates for his key post as
chairman of Republican pol
ley. One leader anticipates
that Republics n liberals
might rally behind Senator
Aiken of Vermont. His best
guess to lead the Aiken oppo-
sition was Senator Hicken-
looper of Iowa. Possibly Sen
ator Barry Goldwater Of
Arizona may be tempted but
he has yet to show that taste
and aptitude for backroom
operations which the post re-
quires.
Senator Bridges also leaves
three important committee
vacancies to be filled: Ap-
propriations, Aer nautical
and Space Sciences, and
Evening star., 1961-11-27
DAVID LAWRENCE
Kennedy Faces Terrible Dilemma

back to the old argument
over whether America or
Western Europe can wait
and take the first blow. The
debate, however, has been
changed somewhat recently.
1t now is conceded that, if
an enemy is doing certain
things which assure an
attack. it may not be sensi-
BILE to wait for the first blow.
This is called Si'pre-emptive
war" and it is described as a
proper measure of defense.
If, moreover, in three years
the enemy has equal nuclear
power and can destroy Amer
lea, what will Moscow then
do by way of bluff and pres
sure on NATO, on Scandi-
navia, and on America, be-
lieving that the United States
will certainly not wish to risk
it's own deStruction2 One
knowledgeable expert on the
Western side puts it this
way:
When three years have
gone by, people on our side
will have to recognize that
we can only win by striking
the first blow. At that stage
either you achieve a disarma-
ment or you try to, live in
a world in which you have to
be alert every moment and
ready to strike that first blow
to save yourself"
What is the real answer,
therefore, to the kind of
agonizing appraisal that is
going on behind the scenes
in government today? 1t is
the expenditure not of a few
thousands of dollars but of
many, hundreds of millions
and even billions, if neces-
sary, to devise ways and
means of telling the peoples
behind the Iron Curtain what
the dilemma is and what it
is going to be three to five
years hence. The peoples
there must restrain their
rulers in order to save them
selves. For it is plainly the
Soviet government which has
committed aggressionS and
continues to threaten the
peace of mankind. When that
story really reaches minds
and hearts everywhere, peace
will inevitably be achieved by
the concerted will Of all
peoples, and neither side will
be talking of a first blow"
(copyrisht, 1851
Evening star., 1961-11-27
Young President Is More Careful

cold war. You Just don't
think any more Of Kennedy:
How young he looks"
1t is, of course, an old
cliche that the terrible bur-
dens of leading this Nation
will age any man very quick
ly, so that one year in office
may seem to have the effects
of five.
This inevitable process has
been at work on Mr.. Ken
nedy: but much more than
this has put the burrows Of
full maturity into his face
and even changed the slope
of his shoulders. Looking
back upon his ten months, it
is easy to recall now that the
great change began to occur
in the very morning after the
lost patriots invasion of Cuba
last April.
Overnight, an old jaunti-
ness left the President; and
left forever. That single epi-
sode informed him, in a way
that no amount of reading
and theory could have done,
that the office he had so
earnestly sought was a place
of a great loneliness and Of
profound and unSharable re-
sponSibilities every hour, every
minute, and every second of
every day.
To say that he came out Of
the experience Scared would
be to say too much; for if it
deeply jolted him, it also
greatly toughened him. But
come out of it marked he did;
marked with a new recogni-
ton that some things he and
he alone must do, and must
do all alone.
There followed the long,
still unended. Berlin crisis
a crisis which the President
observes wryly, in private. is
easier to solve" the farther
one happens to be from his
own point of ultimate respon-
sibility for the safety-and
also the national honor-of
l80 million people.
His thinking and private
attitudes have not become
less somber but simply graver
and more deliberate. Never a
great chatterer face to face,
his private conversation has
become even more laconic. He
asks more pointed questions
of his associates than he ever
did-which is saying a good
deal. His humor has not de-
parted, but it is rarer now,
and it is usually touched, not
with sadness, but with a GER
tain reflective quality that is
new in him.
So whatever other troubles
he Vill confront in his cam
paign for reelection in 1864,
there is one piece of news for
him, in case he had not
thought of it already: Never
again will he have to bear the
onus of being thought to be
too young"
Evening star., 1961-11-27
DAVID LAWRENCE

Nobody who aspires to
high office should envy
President Kennedy these
days. He faces a terrible
dilemma in the world stu
alton. He has plenty of
competent advisers but not
one Of them can feel the
responsibility Of decision as
he does.
To outline the dilemma in
itself is not easy. 1t is full
of hypothetical conSidera-
tionS. Hanging over the
whole discussion is a men,
acing fact-the Soviet Union
is not the equal of the West
in military strength today
but will be in three to five
years. What do you do in
the meantime? How resolute
do you get? Do you force
a showdown now even if it
means war? If you do not.
will you run the risk of de-
struction three TO five years
hence?
Mr.. Khrushchev, of course,
Is moving constantly. He is
not hesitating. He moved
in to build a wall in East
Berlin and did not encounter
any military opposition. So
he goes on. Now he starts
harasSing the allies along
the highway from West
Germany to West Berlin.
He threatens Finland, but
his threat is really aimed at
Norway and Sweden. He
would like to make them all
Soviet satellites. Also, he
is probing the zeal unity Of
the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization, which could
fall apart if the United States
shows the slightest sign of
faltering in its pledge to
come to the rescue Of West
ern Europe the moment that
it may be attacked,
NATO MEMBERSHIP other
IA countries - are doing
some serious thinking, too.
Is it time, for instance, for
NATO to acquire its own
nuclear weapons and be
ready to use them instantly
without waiting for one man
in America to make up his
mind how to retaliate with
nuclear weapons if a ground
war has been started and if
at any moment the enemy
Evening star., 1961-11-27
Soviefs Growing NucIeor Force Raises
New Arguments for 'Pre-emptWe War

might decide to use nuclear
weapons?
Mr.. Eisenhower, as Presi-
dent, made a fateful deci-
sion. The Russians are not
sure today that Mr.. Kennedy
will follow that policy. The
last administration-in vague
and implicit but neverthe-
less understandable language
said the United States
would not depend on con-
Ventional forces to fight a
war over Berlin or Western
Europe. This implied the use
of nuclear weapons. The
Kennedy administration, in
contrast, emphasized recently
a buildup of ground forces
when the East Berlin crisis
arose. Did this mean a re-
treat in policy? Moscow may
have thought so.
1t is denied here that this
move meant an abandoning
of the use of nuclear weapons
to protect Western Europe.
1t is insisted that America
will carefully probe the sit
uation, step by step, and will
be governed by what hap
pens, This does not satisfy
the military commanders of
various countries in Western
Europe who want something
more explicit.
One hypothetical question
posed is this: Suppose the
SovietS with a nuclear thrust
destroy Western Europe and
then demand that America
withhold any measures of
retaliation, what would
America do? Back of all
such queries is the dreaded
alternative - should the
Western Europeans make a
deal with Moscow now? 1t
all adds up to one simple
fact-the Western Europeans
feel they do not know exactly
what the United States
would do in an emergency of
this kind, The North Atlantic
Treaty itself says an attack
on one is an attack on all.
This certainly commits the
United States to instant re-
taliation. But suppose all
Europe were first destroyed
in such an attack? Would
the United States fight then
and risk it's own destruction?
So the situation is getting
Evening star., 1961-11-27
Rudiouctivity PurIey

THE HAGUE, Netherlands,
Nov. 81 (AP).-A United Ma
tions sponsored international
conference on the health ard
agricultural aspects of radio
active contamination will be
held here December IL to Is.
Evening star., 1961-05-09

decide Algeria's future thor
oughly with the diverse ten
denotes" meaning all factions,
but notably (with) those who
fight US" This appeared to
be an assurance to the rebel
FIN command in Tunis that
the major negotiations would
be with them.
If the talks should break
down, said Gen. de Gaulle, I'VE
must hasten and develop on the
spot the accession of the AL
,gerians to all responsibilities,
including those of their gov
ernment, so that in spite Of
everything, a new Algeria will
be built"
Gen. de Gaulle declared
France would never abandon
the million European settlers
in Algeria whose fear Of being
isolated from France and of
losing their dominance in AL
geria spanked the April mutiny.
Evening star., 1961-05-09
OAS Considers
Finance PurIey
For orHemisphere
By the Associated Press

The Organization of Ameri-
can States has officially re-
ceived a United States proposal
for a meeting Of hemisphere
ministers to speed development
plans, and indications are the
meeting will be speedily ap-
proved.
The OAS Council, however,
did not approve the meeting
outright yesterday. After hear
ing the representatives of Uru-
quay, Peru and Brazil speak in
favor of the meeting, a special
committee was named to con-
Evening star., 1961-05-09

was aSsailed in Georgia yester-
day as inviting chaos.
The Kennedy program would
apply to all separate school
systems. If enacted, it would
completely upset the local
option program enacted by the
1861 Georgia legislature.
1t would affect all of
Georgia's 1913 school systems
Evening star., 1961-05-09

retard the forward progress of
France" and promised that
leaders of the insurrection
would be punished.
Gen. de Gaulle once again
labeled the revolt "odious and
stupid" and said the fate of its
leader, ex-Gen. Maurice Challe
and six other former generals
now in prison is in the hands
Of the law"
The task now, he said, is to
decide Algeria's future destiny.
I'VE must settle the Algerian
, affair."" Gen. de Gaulle de-
clared. THE recent events help
to demonstrate that there is
no way practical and worthy of
France other than that which
the government has chosen,
which the Parliament has
adopted, which the nation has
approved"
Gen. de Gaulle said his gov
ernment would discuss the self
determination referendum to
Evening star., 1961-05-09

by newspapers in publishing
information that might ad-
versely affect national security.
Mr.. Mcknight replied with a
firm NO" when asked if the
press group believes that world
events have taken such a turn
that the country requires some
kind of censorship machinery
that it has not had since World
War II.
Asked if anything resulted
from the meeting that would
correct the situation that
seemed to concern the Presi-
dent, Mr.. Mcknight said they
had not discussed any specifics.
When asked if the group
agreed that there has been free
access to news in the Kennedy
administration. Mr.. Mcknight
said, Il don't think that is
relevant to the matters dis
cussed this morning"
He said there was no dis
cussion Of setting up any kind
Of formal machinery to enable
an editor to seek a ruling on
whether any specific story
should be Suppressed because of
national security.
There Was Discussion
When a reporter asked II
anything had really changed
as a result of the meeting,
White House Press Secretary
Pierre Salinger said Mr.. Ken
nedy had hoped his speech
would lead to discussion and
that hope has been realized.
Mr.. Mcknight acted as
spokesman for the newspaper
group. gathered in Mr.. Sal
inger's office after their meet
ing with the President. Mr..
Salinger and Theodore Soren-
sen, special counsel to the Presi-
dent, joined in the 70-minute
meeting.
Asked if the press group
agreed with Mr.. Kennedy that
there was need for self re-
straint by newspapers. Mr.. Nc
Knight said he thinks there
already is one-that ANY re-
sponsible editor faces that news
judgment every day"
Evening star., 1961-05-09

slider the agenda, a site and a
date.
The committee will make a
recommendation to the council,
which is expected to approve
the meeting. Representatives
of both Cuba and the Dominican
Republic were present at the
25-minute meeting, but offered
no objections to the United
States proposal, which was
made last week by President
Kennedy.
Mr.. Kennedy asked for a July
Is meeting of finance ministers
to put new drive behind hemi-
sphere development plans, and
proposed an agenda. Monte
video was mentioned as the
likely site.
The United States has par
ticular interest in hemisphere
development planning because
of its $500 million Latin Ameri-
can aid program.