davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-12-17

controlled conflict might at
least postpone Armageddon a
bit.
The change also has some
diplomatic advantage, it is felt,
This country has long been
committed, for instance, co go
to the aid of Europe with long
range bombers and ICBMs if
needed. The Kennedy admin
istration is standing by this
commitment. Under the old
strategy, such threats sounded
hollow since it could well have
meant the destruction of this
country to carry them out.
With a greater chance for
nuclear war survival, the threat
could be more believable and
I therefore a more effective de-
terrent.
In fact, the new strategy is
expected to improve deterrence
across the board. It makes it
clear the Kennedy admins
! tration does intend TO fight for
it's vital interests. so the Com
munists should be less willing
| to start small aggressions that
could balloon Into a big war
The change also opens new
opportunities in arms control.
1t requires that weapons be un-
der tight, central, civilian con-
Il troll and it permits firing acci-
dents to be handled without
starting an all-out war.
| A year ago the no-city STRAIT
egy met considerable opposition
on several grounds: The Rus
slams won't spare cities; they
will hide their weapons and we
won't be able to destroy them;
American leaders cannot con-
troll their own weapons during
a war; the postwar world will
not be worth living in anyhow
During the past year these
arguments have faded in the
Pentagon. The new adminiStra-
ton recognizes the difficulties
but is convinced none of the
strategic. alternatives-all OF
which would require this coun-
try to start a city exchange
could possibly benefit us.
In specific response to the
objections. these points are
made: 1t is believed the Rus
slams can be convinced that
they, too, have no rational al
tentative to a no-city strategy;
intelligence estimates say the
Russians are not hiding great
Evening star., 1961-12-17

be usable in a manner permit
! ting deliberation and discrimi-
nation as to timing, scope and
targets in response to civilian
authority; and our defenses
must be secure against pro-
longed re-attacks as well as a
surprise firSt-strike."
Statement Seen as Signal
This was the signal within
the Pentagon to abandon the
old strategy of automatic and
utter devastation.
The process of change is now
well along. The Joint Chiefs
of Staff studied and approved
the strategy change this fall
The Joint Targeting Com
mittee at Strategic Air Com
mand headquarters at Omaha
Nebr., is revising the target list
the key action in the new
shift. City targets are being
shifted to a separate list; the
number and, where possible
size of weapons is being re-
duced; old plans to pick up the
bonus effect" of city destruc-
ton while hitting military tar
gets are being dropped.
The long-range policy state
mentS in the controllers Gen
eral War Offensive Forces
Package" Gin effect guidance
to the services in planning
weapons purchase and future
operations has been made tc
conform to the new strategy
And the key decision makers
in the State Department as wei
as the White House have in
dorSed the change.
Real Opportunity Seen
Top officials, including Mr.
Mcnamara himself, are no
positive the new strategy will
work. They fear the Russian!
may not be deferred from hit
ting cities should a war start.
But they are convinced this
country would be foolish not tt
make the attempt. The added
flexibility of a no-city strategy
could not make nuclear Wal
worse or diminish American
chances to win and survive
they believe, and it offers {
real opportunity to make thing!
better.
The first opportunity opened
is for survival itself. Since MI
clear war is not impossible
plans which permit limited anc
Evening star., 1961-12-17
Continued From Page A,

weapons. Hidden and mobile
missiles would still be capable
of hitting Moscow and the
other Soviet cities and would
be held ready through any war
But the order to fire would not
be given unless the enemy
started deliberate destruction
OF American cities.
This country still has a heavy
margin of superiority over the
Russians in nuclear weapons
even If the Russians should
strike first. Now, the highest
officials say, by concentrating
on destroying the enemy's
armed forces, this country can
more effectively guarantee that
the enemy's armed forces would
be destroyed and that his mill
tary goals frustrated if he
should attack.
AF Study Recalled
The strategy change reflects
an important policy decision
of the new administration: Tc
plan for flexible and tight )
controlled war, large or small
In particular, the new civilian
officials want to scrap the cid
"spasm" nuclear-war strategy
which would accomplish un-
limited and uncontrolled de-
struction of enemy cities and
weaponS-and at the same time
virtually guarantee the .devaS-
tation of America.
The change grew directly out
OF an Air Firce study reported
last year by The Evening Stal
in a series entitled 100 Million
Lives" The Air Force study
pulled together the thinking OF
a number of the leading mill.
tary and civilian experts on nu-
clear war strategy and it de-
veloped the most detailed COM
putations ever made of the
probable cost in American ano
Evening star., 1961-12-17

numbers Of weapons: an i'm
proved system of controls over
American weapons is being
built; a civil defense program
is underway to make a reason
able postwar world more likely
All concerned concede there
are still some difficult prob
lens.
Reds TO Get Official Word
First, there is the problem of
obtaining Soviet "co-operation. "
The Russians will be told
through diplomatic channels
that we are adopting a no-city
strategy and will be advised
to re-examine their own STRAIT
egy, Clearly, If they embark
on a course of city destruction,
this country will follow suit.
Second, the strategy hands
military men a tougher wartime
assignment. Cities are easy to
destroy, but enemy missiles and
bombers are difficult targets.
The administration believes this
problem must be tackled-that
to choose the easy targets is to
court national extinction.
Third, there may be opposi-
ton to the new strategy from
persons who believe any con-
temptation of the use of nuclear
weapons increases the danger
of war, Among these people
are those who are urging the
administration to disar
whether or not the Russians
disarm.
Others, who do not favor
unilateral disarmament, believe
that by shortening the potential
wartime death list, war will
be made attractive" or at
least "palatable." The admins
tration answer to this is that
even in no-city war American
deaths could run into the mil
lions, and that this would cer-
tainly deter any President from
using nuclear weapons except
as a last resort.
Other Arguments Cited
Opposition also may como
from some military analysts
who believe this country should
have a deterrence-only STRAIT
egy. They would plan to de-
Stroy only enemy cities anc
hope that the enemy knowledge
of this plan would deter at
tacks on this country. A yeal
Evening star., 1961-12-17

Rudolph Kaufman, II, presi-
dent of Children's Hospital,
will sign the articles.
Evening star., 1961-12-17

Enjoy the miracle of stereophonic radio broadcast
music with depth and direction that puts you right
in the concert hall itself! Enjoy it this superb high
fidelity instrumental quality product of General
Electric engineering.
Evening star., 1961-09-18
DAVID LAWRENCE
A Full Time Loyal Opposition

ica's political parties along
the lines of what is done so
successfully in Britain.
Senator Dirksen Of Illi-
noiS, the Republican leader
in the Senate, said last week
that he expects to have more
frequent visits with Governor
Rockefeller, just as he has
had recently with former
Vice President Nixon. While
these meetings are hopeful to
congressional leaders, they
are not a substitute for study
every day in the currently
neglected field of executive
action.
An Alternate Cabinet" or
group of staff executives
under the supervision of for
mer Vice President Nixon
and another under Gov
ernor Rockefeller-if he gave
up his work in Albany and
came to Washington to per-
form a full-time task as a
member of the loyal oppoSi-
tion"-would provide a lot of
information valuable to the
electorate.
Speeches made through
out the country by leading
candidates for the Republi-
can nomination would then
be based on a great deal of
first-hand information and
would certainly get more at
tention than the occasional
commentaries heard on the
stump today.
Copyright, 196D
Evening star., 1961-09-18
Red China Cuts
Ties With Congo

TOKYO, Sept. 18 (AP).-
Communist China announced
today it had most regrettably"
suspended diplomatic relations
with the Congo and was with
drawing its embassy in Stan
leyville.
The announcement was made
by a spokesman for the infor-
nation department of the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
quoted by the New China News
Agency,
Reason for the break was
given as the termination of the
Stanleyville government of
Left-leaning Antoine Gizenga,
which Peiping supported, and
the Leopoldville governments
establishment of ties with Ma
tionalist China.
Evening star., 1961-09-18
Servicemen to Hear
Lutheran Speaker

DR.. Oswald c. ]. Hoffman
speaker on the Internationa
Lutheran Hour radio program
will address a dinner meeting
for Protestant servicemen at
Y pm. Wednesday in the Fort
Belvoir Service Club No. /. The
dinner is sponsored by the
posts Protestant Men of the
Chapel.
On Thursday an all-day re-
ligious retreat for Protestant
servicemen will be held at Fort
Myer, Va.
Evening star., 1961-09-18
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER, KNEBEL

Educations the real answer to Certainly
learn to together without constant fighting After ALL
men and women almost have
New Frontier maxim for its budget officers at first
you don't exceed. try, try again.
Signs of the times: Visit beautiful Lost Mountain
caverns. Caves for rent by day. week month"
It's rumored some Republican hung sign Robins
statue THE Thinker" 1t reads: II wonder if snould'a
voted for Nixon?"
Credit cards. What happened to cash after the book
keepers union got hold of it.
Evening star., 1961-09-18
Republican Faithful Could Finance
COP. Chiefs in Washington Offices

ence with world problems
from 1861 to 1864 will become
his big asset against either
Gov. Rockefeller or Mr.. Nixon
if the latter is nominated and
elected Governor of Califor-
MIA.
The situation would seem
to call for an unusual kind
of remedy. 1t requires the
organization of a loyal op-
position" patterned some
what on the British system.
If a group of Republican
voters who are devoted sup
porters of Mr.. Nixon wish to
to see him elected President
in 1864, they could contri-
butte relatively small sums
each year to finance a "Citi-
zens for Nixon" organization
which would pay Mr.. Nixon's
living expenses and office
needs in Washington. A
working staff could be set up
of men experienced in the
various departments of gov
ernment. In fact. by the
creation of an alternate"
Department of State and an
equivalent unit for each of
the other executive depart
ments, the country could be
kept advised from week to
week as to what is really
going on in their govern
ment. The opposition view
point, expressed through
speeches in Congress, is pre-
sented intermittently, of
course, but rarely are there
any alternate programs offer
ed and widely distributed in
a comprehensive form to the
voters.
Mr.. Nixon belongs in Wash
ington at the head of such
an organization. Another one
Just like it could be estab-
lished here by the friends and
supporters of Governor
Rockefeller, who, instead of
running for reelection in
New York in 1862, could de-
vote himself to working every
day in Washington as part of
a loyal opposition" Co.
operation between two or
more such organizations of
rival candidates could be
carried on to a certain extent
as, for example, on the in
neutrality-suspicious. side. All
this would operate as a check
on radicaliSm in Washington
and would certainly be of
assistance to members of
Congress.
Senator Goldwater, who is
gaining considerable support
for the Republican preSi-
Dental nomination, is max
ing a number of effective
speeches in opposition to ad-
ministration policies, but,
without a big organization
of full-time associates, he
cannot possibly give the
necessary time to the day.
by-day study of executive
problems and still keep up
his work as a Senator.
Something sooner or later
will have to be done to build
opposition strength in Amer
Evening star., 1961-09-18
DAVID LAWRENCE

The Republican Party has
fallen down badly as the
party of opposition in the last
several months.
Meanwhile, the Kennedy
publicity apparatus is func-
tioning effectively with all
the benefits that an incum-
bent in the White House
naturally can derive in taking
advantage of his position as
the chief news maker of the
day.
The fault on the Republi-
can side, to be sure, is not
with any individual but with
the system, which also has
plagued the Democrats at
times when they were the
party out of power.
The two men, for instance,
who today seem to have the
largest number of supporters
for the Republican nomina-
ton in 1864 are not even in
Washington these days eX-
cept for occasional visits.
Right now, former Vice
President Nixon is consider
ing whether he will run for
Governor of California. To
take that office would be a
mistake if he really wants
the Republican presidential
nomination in 1864. For he
cannot possibly keep in close
contact with national affairs
while preoccupied with local
affairs at the State capital
in Sacramento. The argu-
ment made vehemently in his
favor throughout the 1860
campaign was that he had
played an intimate part in
the activities of the executive
as well as legislative branch
of the national Government
for eight years. This talking
point about experience" will
diminish in value for him to
a large extent by 1864, when
Mr.. Kennedy's actual expert
Evening star., 1961-09-18
Tokyo's Traffic Toll
Stirs Sufety Drive

TOKYO, Sept. 18 (AP).-
Three hundred taxi and truck
drivers held a memorial service
yesterday for the 1,179 persons
killed last year in Tokyo traffic
accidents.
The drivers took a e-driv-
Evening star., 1961-09-18

ing pledge at the services, spon-
sored by the National Auto
mobile Drivers Welfare Council.
Evening star., 1961-02-26
ACROSS:

ACROSS:
l----- Hendrix. oeirsss
d. Of the Jungle
~ EDDIE $1,000. octoS
- ----- fos Tomorrow
- Actress. Coy SisfoEs
(init.l
IS ------- LIGHT
I7--ki, Adom Toys ship
leF--- ApoehO. Fo"do
40 SIos moving ero0tVrO
a bod the Soilos
a. River Of lsoIy
a. 80 CoSsoT
IS Am0rieon lndion
26 ---- Robertson. cowboy
40 Ozzis ond hoWiOt
30 Tonnssses erniS ----
~ One Of Nsss'S men
- ---- with O Stronger.
Json Simmons
IS Cole ----, film stoF
~ Mine entrance
% CzsehosIovokion
msosvr0
20 The ----Isss Breed.
Scott BEody
a Potieio -, English
sfoT
- Conesl
IS StsomSE (0bbS.)
A6 Won supporting
oefrssS oword in l9AS
(init.l
~ Rod -------. oefoS
~ --ms Cronyn. oetos
so The ------ Allon Cos0
50 Oisooss Of hoss0s
81 Nick -----, The Rebel
IS -----s HishIishss Of
1860
Kodiak mirror., 1961-10-07
Record King Crab Catch Total High

Preliminary figures reveal that the Alaskan king crab catch totaled 32,007000 pounds from January 1 through August of 1861, according to Phil Chitwood, Supervisor of
Kodiak mirror., 1961-10-07

for the to pounds andG m
Kodiak mirror., 1961-10-07
FIRE

In Allain, France, brass bands blared and a torch was set to an old shack as a crowd gathered to watch the towns new fire engine go to work. Bremen leaped into action but the motor wouldn't start. The embarrassed smoke eaters fin ally brought up a 1O0-year-old hand pump to put out the blaze.
Kodiak mirror., 1961-10-07

This may have you asking, How did Chevrolet do ?" There's V8 choice ranging all the way from standard 283cubc-nch sizzer to two houses* And there's that 62 Jetsmooth ride with supple Full Coil spring each wheel and well 700 body and chassis sound insulators and cushioners. There longer lived muflers for all engines Grand Canyon of trunk. MagicN Mirror finish And well, could write book about it all Matter of fact Chevrolet dealers got it all down paper. Get fin from him
 .opuona a extsc
The Nome nugget., 1961-10-18
Underground Fire PeyiIs Two Houses

MORA, England R Theo- dora Insley tourned on the cold water faucet and out came hot water and a cloud of steam.
 Her husband, William, in the garden, dug his spade into the ground. Out came smoke.
 The Insleys sent for the fire brigade.
 The firemen found an under ground fire in the garden. All day Sunday they dug and by dusk they had removed 30 tons of old coal mine waste.
 My house stands on filled-in ground and the soil is full of pieces of coal" said Insley, 62, a mine official.
 ssThe fire must have started last July when I burned some garden refuse and 1t must have been gradually burning into the ground ever since"
 Chief Fire Officer William Stretton said the fire might get under Insley's house and the house next door.
 "We'll just have to keep dig ging until we get all the burning coal out" Stretton said.
The Nome nugget., 1961-10-18
COP Chairman Miller Says Nixon Definitely Will Not Run for President

LOS ANGELES LR = RepubH- can National Chairman William Miller says former Vice President Richard Nixon definitely will not be candidate for President in 1864 under any circumstances.
 Miller, who is here to confer with party officials, said last night that he had talked with Nixon Saturday and that Nixon repeat ed his contention that he is out of the Presidential picture in 1864
 Last month, when Nixon an- nounced his intention to run for governor of California in 1862, he prefaced it by declaring he would not be the COP President ial candidate in 1864.
The Nome nugget., 1961-10-18
Bashir Gets Confused In US. Supermarket

DALLAS R = Bashir Ahnlad, Pakistan's most famous camel cart driver, found himself con- fused Tuesday by US. super market.
 Bashir, guest of Vice President Lyndon Johnson, visited the su- perrnarlxet in Irving, a Dallas suburb.
 The smiling little man appeared most interested in the grocery carts.
 e'Can you take them with your" he asked.
 What hie wife would think about American s,1permarket?
 ''If my wife came here and saw all these things laid out, she would spend too much money. he replied laughingly.
 Next on the visiting camel drivers aeenda was a visit to a trucking terminal.
 Harry En6lish, chairman of tl1s Red Ball Motor Freight CO, mel the delegation. English pointed out a truck and asked which would 90 faster, the truck Q, Bashir,s camel.
 'The camel" said Bashir, grin. ming.
The Nome nugget., 1961-10-18
Dist. Atty. Robert Erwin A1ofher To visit Here

Robert Erwin, District Aftc~- ney for the Second District, was scheduled to return from Fair banks today where he has been on official business. Returning with him is his mother, Mrs
 Robert Erwin from Seattle, w:so is to be here for his wedding. She will also visit with iisr other son William Erwin who is on the teaching staff of the high school.
The Nome nugget., 1961-10-18
TELEPHONE TROUBLE 1.

JEFFERSON CITY, Mo. R = So you think you got teen-age telephone trouble?
 Consider the plight of the Jef- ferson City doctor whose number is 5-4321.
 Tccn-agers have been calling and when the doctors reception ist answers: ssThis is 5-4321," the kids shout, ssblast off"
 They're going to get the num- Der changed.
The Nome nugget., 1961-10-18
Heat Wave Hits
 Soszthern California

LOS ANGELES M A heal wave died Monday--and took three lives with it.
 In Los Angeles a truck driver collapsed and died on his milk delivery route. Across the border at Tijuana, Mexico, two infants died.
 Nine other infants perished in water-shy Tijuana during the weekend, when temperatures hit 11O degrees.
 It was the worst October heat wave in Southern California rec ords. It started Friday when hot desert winds swept from the can- yons, drove away the usual Octo- Der sea breezes, and turned sea- side resorts into the nations hot test cities.
 The forecast was for more heat Then, Tuesday, the seabreezes re- turned. After three days of over 100 degree readings. the Lo. Angeles temperature rose by mid. day to only 97. Tn two hours, al breezes returned, it was in the sos.
The Nome nugget., 1961-10-18

MEXICO CITY M - About 1 1000 Shriners will meet at Aca- pulco Nov. IF for their annual
The Nome nugget., 1961-10-18
Today we painted some music

Itmay seem unusual that these young sters are painting .sby ear''. =. turning music from the classroom radio into colorful pictures. But this is the kind of creativeness the Standard School Broadcast inspires.
 Currently, the programs theme is Music Passport to the World Using our listening guide, teachers relate music to geography, history, art, folklore, literature.
 This helps children gain insight into the life and culture of the peoples of the world. It leads to better and quicker understanding of both the music and the other studies. By playing and dramatizing all types of music from symphony to jazz. Thailand dances to Broadway hits, the program adds new, delightful dimension to learning.
 We started this program B years ago, never dreaming our listening family would grow to include 2h million children in classrooms. Now countless adults, too, nave discovered . Z. N- A4- how entertaining and informative the broadcasts are at home. If you'd like to know why the pro- gram has suchwide appeal, try tuning in on Thursdays. We think you will enjoy it, too.
 ptanniog ahead 10 serve you better STANDARD OIL COMPANY
 OF CALIFORNIA
 -
Papago Indian news., 1961-11-01

GROCER S, NEAT PRODUCE, DRY GOODS
INDIAN BASKETS GAS AND OIL. L....
Open 1900 Am. to 1900 P.M.. ~
COVERED WELLS TRADING POST
Ray Eckhordt
Evening star., 1961-05-21

torial declared: 1.-THE Miami
News believes a human life is
worth more than a machine
The News compared the Cas-
tro offer to Adolf Eichman's
World War II proposal to trade
Jewish refugees for trucks.
Meanwhile in Havana repa-
triated Americans reported
nearly 500 American nationals
many of them of Cuban or
igin-awaited repatriation un-
der protection of the wiSS EN-
baSSy.
Evening star., 1961-05-21

ANNAPOLIS, May 20 (AP).-
Secretary of the Navy Connally
will help the Naval Academy
launch it's colorful June Week
program June 2 by reviewing
the first of three dress parades
scheduled during graduation
week.
President Kennedy will cap it
off by addressing the 787 grad
yates June 7 after his return
from Europe.
Sandwiched in between will
be a baccalaureate address by
Admiral Arleigh A. Burke, chief
of Naval Operations, to the
graduates on June 5.
Formal announcement yes
Evening star., 1961-05-21
Kennedy to Address
Annapolis Graduates

terday of President Kennedy's
acceptance as commencement
speaker rounded out most of
the program which annually is
a gay and festive occasion for
the Navy folks, visiting parents
and sweethearts and towns
people.
One other key figure for the
commencement week is still to
be determined-the color girl,
who will reign as the unoffi-
cial queen of the June Week
program and present the ma
tional and brigade colorS to
the company judged best at
the Academy.
She'll be chosen by the win
Evening star., 1961-05-21
Birch Society
Official Quits
By the Associated Press

A Virginian announced yes.
terday he has resigned as ar
official of the John Birch So
ciety because "dictatorial and
repressive trends have devel-
oped" recently in the militantly
conservative group.
Bryton Barron of nearby
Springfield, Va, a former State
department employe, said in a
statement he had served as CO.
ordinator for Virginia and the
District of Columbia since last
autumn. But, he said, he is
quitting ito sound a warning
against a new trend in the
Society's operations"
Mr.. Barron added that his
Evening star., 1961-05-21
Alaska Is Building
$l4 Million in Roads

JUNEAU, Alaska (AP) -
Alaska highway work under
contract for this summer OF
on which bids have been asked
embraces $50 miles of roads
and IL bridges.
In all, 81 Federal highway
aid projects are involved and
the total cost approximates
$14 million. T, D. Sherard, di-
rector of the State highways
division, said.
Evening star., 1961-05-21

resignation has been accepted
by Robert WEIGH, retired Bel
mont (MaSs.), candy manufac-
turer who is founder and head
Of the society.
Evening star., 1961-05-21

ming company commander. At
present five companies of "a
in the brigade are battling for
the honors through a final
week of competition.