davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-05-24
Berotes BroyhM

There is an old saying
about newspaper stories that
the retraction never catches
up with the charges, and I
guess that the same prin-
ciple will apply to Congress
man Broyhill's shabby per-
formance in the Shirley
Highway committing mess.
Several months ago, with
great fanfare typical Of
Broyhill's public relations ap-
proach to being a Congress-
man, he announced that as a
result of extensive negotia-
tionS he had produced a COM
promise between the Federal
Government and the State of
Virginia which would result
in the widening Of Shirley
Highway and improved COM
muter facilities. Newspapers
applauded Broyhill. Four
members Of the Arlington
County Board applauded
Broyhill. Broyhill applauded
Broyhill.
Now we learn that the Dis
trict Of Columbia Commits
sioners are opposing Broy-
hills plan, that the United
States Bureau Of Public
Roads is opposing Broyhill'S
plan, and soon we will prob
ably hear that the State Of
Virginia is opposing Broy-
hills plan. Once again the
residents Of Northern Vir-
ginia have been treated to a
fanfare Of publicity and an
absence Of results from their
Congressman.
Gerald B. GreenwaId.
Evening star., 1961-05-24
Summit Talks Futile

The gullibility Of America
in seeking at q summit con-
ference a leSsening Of the
Communist threat to it's ex-
istence is scarcely exceeded
by that Of a Chamberlain at
Munich.
Let us look at the grim
and threatening scene un-
folding before the world dur
ing the last 10 years. We ac-
cepted defeat in Korea at the
hands Of Red China; we
turned our backs while the
Red tide stimulated and en-
,couraged by its success in
Korea) engulfed Indo- China,
but urged France at the
same time to fight on; we
ran away from the Reds at
Suez; we are in the process
Of backing away from them
in Laos; and now, in timid
inaction we watch the fever
ish creation Of a Communist
baStion less than 100 miles
from our shores.
America, In wiStfully look
ing to summit conferences
and like proceedings to safe
guard its peace, its freedom
and its very existence, re-
minds me Of the traveller in
the desert, his tongue already
swelling from thirst, who
sees before him the limpid
waters of q lake reflected in
a mirage and, Fastening on to
moisten his parched lips in
the ambroSia, falterS on to
his death and leaves his re-
mains to the vulture and the
jackal.
The menace Of communism
to the free world can be re-
moved, not in the conclaves
Of ministers nor in the delib-
erations of heads Of states,
but through a giant national
effort such as this great re-
public of the West has never
before achieved but Of which
she is eminently capable.
AS the Younger Pitt said
when England stood alone
against a Europe conquered
by Napoleon, whose armies
were then poised at Bologne
for the invasion of England:
England will save herself
by her exertions and will save
Europe by her example" And
England did just that!
And such is the role that
America must play to stop
the march of communism.
We need, and need des-
perately, a Younger Pitt in
this dread hourl
When I came to America
from Ireland over so years
ago and took UP my abode in
Boston, I found an America
which was convinced, beyond
peradventure, Of the sound
ness Of the statement at
tributed to Lincoln: Not all
the armies Of Europe COM
manded by q Napoleon and
all the navies Of Europe COM
Evening star., 1961-05-24
Justice on Scales

In our highly civilized So
ciety we elect legislators who
enact laws for the regula-
ton Of our proper conduct.
We establish elaborate agen-
cieS for the enforcement of
these laws, and a great ju-
dicial system to mete justice
and decide punishment. We
build huge penal institutions
for the incarceration of con-
victed criminals.
All of this places a great
burden upon the good cit
izens Of our country who obey
the laws and who pay the
taxes. Yet so perverSe is the
nature Of man that almost
everyone derives, openly or
secretly, a sort Of exultation
when some "underdog" mis-
creant somehow manages to
beat the rap" It matters
little how he does it, or what
the ultimate effect is upon
law and order.
Thus we have a justice of
the Supreme Court of the
United States who gets up
before a legal aid society in
the District of Columbia and
seemingly boasts of the bril-
lance of a young attorney
who won a smashing vic
tory" before our highest court
over the question Of whether
q criminal who had been con-
victed in a lower court Of
having taken three women at
one time across a State line
for immoral purposes, was
guilty of one offense or three
offenses.
"Mr. Browning won a
smashing victory" the justice
noted. THE court was di-
vided. but it decided the Of
fense was the act Of trans
portation. The number Of
ladies involved was not the
point" The victory" was
that Of the lawyer and the
purveyor Of prostitution. The
law, our society, and Justice"
were the losers.
Harvey H, Hewitt
Evening star., 1961-05-24

Geneva Conference on Nu-.
clear Weapons.
F. Granville Grimes, jr.
Editors Note: Members of
Congress with reserve COM
missions or on the military
retired list are not regarded
as holding an office under
the United States in q con-
Stitutional sense. Congress,
being judge Of its. own mem
bers, maintains that the con-
Stitutional phrase cited above
does not apply to members
OF commissions created by
law, especially those empow-
ering or directing appoint
ment Of some members by
the Vice President or
Speaker. This is regarded as
applying also to appointment
to international groups such
as the U. NJ, atomic confer
ences, etc., when the con-
gresSional members serve as
United States representatives.
An 1867 Supreme Court de-
cision held In effect that
such diplomatic capacity
posts are not offices" in the
Constitutions meaning. A
House report in the 55th
Congress (about 189D took
a stand that has been fol-
lowed ever since in general.
1t said that a position to
constitute an "office" in the
constitutional sense must
have a tenure of some dura-
ton, with emoluments and
substantial duties, and that
positions which are merely
transient, occasional or in
cidental are not within this
term and are not constitu-
tionally incompatible with
service in Congress.)
Evening star., 1961-05-24
Shot at New Frontier

congratulations to David
Lawrence on his excellent
analysis Of the executive Sys-
tenn. He touches what some
Of US felt important last
election. Youth and elo-
quence can't replace doing"
neither can college profess
sors. Although IL years
J.FK.'s junior, it's already
apparent to me that being
born in the goth CEN
tury" is hardly the answer to
the criSeS-though it was a
widely touted asset during
the campaign. Good looks
and grandiose phrases Just
do not replace experience.
James McCheSney
Evening star., 1961-05-24
WATCHING THE WORLD
Geneva PorIey a Trap for the West
By CROSBY S. MOVES
Foreign Correspondent Of The stor

about Laos neutral status
along the lines suggested by
the French and get it ratified
by everyone concerned. But
no one could possibly deceive
himself about the value of
such a declaration as long as
the fighting continues, and
an agreement on effective
control machinery cannot be
reached.
On this last question a
good many hopeful illusions
have been rudely shattered.
Some delegations, including
the British, came into this
conference b Believing g that
Russia really wanted a neu-
trail Laos and would agree to
a cease fire commission cap
able of policing the truce.
From the outset, however,
Soviet Foreign Minister Gro-
myko has made it clear that
he will agree to nothing of
the sort. Indeed, the truce
commission which he proposes
would be even more powerless
than the one in Vientiane
today. And the hope being
expressed by some neutral
iSt countries that he really
doesn't mean it is not shared
by the major powers here.
Reds Will Delay Action
In fact, everything that has
been said by the Communists
so far leads to the conclusion
that they will do everything
in their power to prevent a
real cease fire in Laos. And
since they are in a position to
do this indefinitely, the longer
the conference lasts the bet
ter they will like it.
In these conditions even
the laSt-ditch American hope
of a kind Of de facto partition
of the country also seems
very unrealiStic. In subversive
guerrilla war there are no
clear lines drawn between
areas held by one side or the
other. Control" of any given
area is largely a matter of
which side happens to be
physically present at the
moment. AS long as the Pa
thet Lao can keep up the
pressure on the local civilian
population as they are doing
today, the prospects of sur
vival of the royal Lao gov
ernment will remain ex-
tremely thin.
Which brings the United
States back to the point
where it was a few months
ago, facing a choice betwee.:
military intervention or an
outright Communist takeover
in Laos. At this stage, the
Geneva conference hardly
provides even a graceful alibi
for inaction. And President
Kennedy, who wants to i'm
press Premier Khrushchev
With American determination
to hold its own around the
world, would seem to have
chosen a Singularly difficult
moment to make his pitch.
Evening star., 1961-05-24
Questions Legislators Serving u. S. in Dual Capacities

The traditional separa-
ton Of power between the
three great branches of
government is disappearing,
especially the separation be-
tween the executive and legis-
lative branches.
From a casual reading of
the biographical sketches in
the Congressional Directory,
plus a few recent news items,
it appears that at least Al
persons now sitting In the
Senate are not Senators be-
cause they are holding office
in the executive branch.
Article I. Section 8 of the
Constitution provides: ". &.
and no person holding any
office under the United
States shall be a member of
either house during his con-
tinuance in office"
This clause of the Con-
stitution has not been tested
in the courts. 1t seems OBJ
vious that If a person shall
not be a member Of the
Senate, he is not q mem
ber, and he can regain his
membership only by re-elec-
ton or re-appointment after
curing the condition which
disqualified him.
Some Of the offices being
held are very minor, but
nevertheless they are suf-
ficient to disqualify the
holders. At least IL Of the
offices are of considerable
Importance. They are:
Major general, United
States Army Reserve, Strom
Thurmond; brigadier general,
United States Army Reserve,
Kenneth B. Keating; brigadier
general. United States Air
Evening star., 1961-05-24

Force Reserve, Barry Gold
water; colonel, United States
Army Reserve, John Spark
man, James Caleb Boggs;
colonel, United States Air
Force Reserve, Hiram L.
Fong, Jack Richard Miller,
Margaret Chase Smith, How
ard A. Cannon, Frank E.
Moss.
Commander, Coast Guard
Reserve, Claiborne Pell; lieu
tenant. United States Navy
Reserve, Russell Long.
Many persons who hold
commissions in the reserves
are sitting in the House and
at least five of them are
serving on the Armed Serv-
ices Committee.
If active duty be a reason
able test, bear in mind that
every reserve officer is re-
quired to serve a stint Of
active duty about once a year
in order to retain his COM
mission. It has been less
than a year since The Star
published a photograph Of
Major General Thurmond, in
full military regalia, on active
duty at Fort Leavenworth.
A few more examples:
Wayne Morse and George
Aiken held the offices of
United States Delegates to
the 1860 General Assembly
of the United Nations.
Chet Holifield has served
on numerous delegations to
nuclear weapons and atomic
energy conferences.
Within recent weeks Albert
Gore and Bourke Hicken-
looper were replaced by John
Sparkman and Clinton An
derson as delegates to the
Evening star., 1961-05-24

manded by a Nelson could en-
able a hostile cavalry force
to water its horses in the
Mississippi River" That
statement was, of course, true
in Lincoln'S time. A heavy
percentage Of native born
American citizens today nurse
that very delusion.
The world awaits Vienna
and the added indignitieS,
insults and humiliationS there
heaped on the President of
the United States Of America.
Peter J. Mitchell.
Evening star., 1961-05-24
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Space Probe Benefits Far OFF
By THOMAS R. HENRY

Man IN space promises
notable rewards-but prob
ably in the distant future.
This is the considered
Judgment of the National
Academy Of Sciences, senate
Of American science, in a
report Just issued. All sorts
Of preliminary adventures
with no pay-off expected
per Sc, however, are neces-
Sary.
1T is not likely, says the
academy report, that man
can contribute much, if any
thing, to knowledge or ap-
plication either by simple
orbiting about the earth or
mere travel through the in
terplanetary medium. It is
most probable the instru-
ments can do all that is
necessary. Such inStru-
mented payloads will be
much lighter than those re-
quired for man. and cost
vastly less. Any argument
that man might contribute
in some way must demon
Strate that automation and
instruments cannot do at far
less cost what the inclusion
of man entails.
Worth Pursuing
Nevertheless, man in or
bit is worth pursuing for
several reasons. Above all,
ultimate exploration Of the
moon and planets will be
done by man. This means
that experience must be
gained, step by step, and
orbiting by man is the first
of this long sequence Of
steps. Some time in the
future men in orbiting sci
entific laboratories may prove
to be useful in controlling and
modifying Instrumental SCI
entific programs"
The National Academy re-
port was prepared before the
Russian success in placing
a man in orbit.
"The significant and ex-
citing role for man., says
the report" lies in the ex-
ploration Of the moon and
planets. We can speculate
on the prospects of plane
tary exploration by man in
the relatively near future by
considering a system hat
might take him eventually
to Mars. This system pro-
vides for a maximum pay
load of 10000 Kilograms. If
its development is pursued
with reasonable vigor, per-
haps the venture may be pos
sible in the 1905. The cost Of
a single venture will be some
hundreds of millions of dol
lars.
cat least one quarter of
the payload will be needed
for the fuel system and fuel
to permit landing on the
planet. One half will be used
for the return rocket system.
Most Of the remaining quar-
ter will be used for food,
water and oxygen to sustain
two to four men for q num-
Evening star., 1961-05-24
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used "
letters carry iortters' correct
names and addresses. All let
terS are subject to condensd-
ton. Those not used tctu be
returned only tDhen accom-
painted by self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-05-24
GENEVA.

GGNEVA.
The way things are going
in the conference on Laos,
some people here are begin
ming to wonder nervouSly if
they will ever see their homes
and loved ones again. 1t
seems, in fact, that the
representatives of the IA ma
tionS here could between
them keep this conference
going indefinitely without
coming any closer to an
agreement which has any
practical meaning at all.
What is more likely, per-
haps, is that the negotiations
will fritter along until there
is nothing left to negotiate
about. The developments in
Laos since the conference
began suggest strongly that
the West has been drawn
into a trap here in Geneva
and that the Communist
strategy is simply to paralyze
any Western action while
the takeover Of Laos is COM
pleted.
Quite evidently the first
condition for the conference
laid down by the allies has
not been met. From q variety
Of sources it is now admitted
that there is no effective
cease fire in Laos. On the
contrary, the fighting is in
creaSing throughout the
country. While the neutral
truce commission sits on its
hands in Vientiane and COM
plains that it is "powerless"
even to investigate the re-
ports Of violations.
From the beginning the
only real hope that existed
for getting a government in
Laos that might decently
pass as neutral" lay with
the Laotians themselves. If
the three princes represent
ing the royal Lao govern
ment, the Communist Pathet
Lao and the neutraliSt "pre-
mier" Souvanna Phouma had
been able to agree on some
kind of formula for a coali-
tion government some agree
ment might have been pos
Sible here.
Little Hope of Accord
AS things stand today, how
ever. the chances of such an
agreement seem very small,
indeed. Even Cambodia's
Prince Norodom Sihanouk,
the ardent neutralist who
dreamed up this meeting in
the first place, now admits
failure. The only reason he
Is staying on in Geneva, he
says, is to give the conference
a decent burial.
Without an effective cease
fire and without an agree
ment between the Laotian
leaders there is, in fact, very
little the IA nations here can
do about the situation. It
would be possible, perhaps,
to draft pompouS statements
Evening star., 1961-05-24
Justice in BIunderIond

1--WE are asked, in essence" said
dissenting Justice Frankfurter, "to enter
Alice'S Wonderland where proof is un-
necessary and the governing rule Of
law Is sentence first, verdict after"
! This Is not all that will be found
Dy anyone who follows the Supreme
Court into Wonderland, or, more ap-
propriately, cumberland. He will also
IND there the trampled interests of
. great many wholly innocent people
who own stock in Du Pont or General
Motors - stockholders who are the
victims of a needlessly harsh and
punitive judicial decision.
In this case, the court divided 4 to
>, with the majority opinion being
written by Justice Brennan and con-
Cured in by the Chief Justice and
Justices Black and Douglas. Its effect
Is to require Du Pont to dispose of 63
million shares of General Motors stock
without regard to the effect on the
market or the stockholders. The Gov
ernment, Justice Brennan said, cannot
be denied the latter [divestiturel remedy
because economic hardship, however
severe, may result"
In this summary fashion, the in
tereStS of the stockholders, numbering
up to million, are brushed aside.
Without proof of any actual restraint
on competition, the court majority
accepts the Department of Justice con-
tention that somehow, in the absence
OF diveStiture, a restraint on competition
might ariSe-that, on a speculative
basis, the antitrust laws might be
violated. To say the least this Jealous
concern for the public interest is in
striking contrast to the complacency
with which our Government views the
abuse Of the public interest by monopoly
unions operating with full sanction Of
law.
This suit was filed by the Depart
ment of Justice in 1949 Federal Judge
Walter LaBuy, after long trial, ruled
against the Government The Depart
ment of Justice, he said, failed to
prove conspiracy, monopolization, a
restraint Of trade, or any reasonable
probability of restraint" In 1857 the
same four Supreme Court justices with
two justices dissenting) reversed the
lower court and sent the case back for
further proceedings. Judge LaBuy was
told that he had large discretion" in
formulating an equitable judgment.
Another long hearing followed, and
Judge LaBuy approved decree which he
thought was equitable and which, at the
same time, would prevent Du Pont from
exerting any stockholder influence on
General Motors. Again, the Department
OF Justice appealed and again the
Supreme Court reversed. Far from
having large discretion" it seems
that Judge LaBuy had no discretion.
Instead, he now is under instructions
from the Supreme Court to see to it
that Du Pont gets rid of all its G. M.
stock within 10 years.
If Du Pont transfers its G. NJ
holdings to its own stockholders the
stock will be taxable as income at the
prevailing market value per share.
Judge LaBuy thought this might result
$5 billion to stockholders of both COM
panieS. To permit this result to flow
from a punitive decision would be
unconscionable. Legislation to provide
some tax relief in the situation has
been previously approved by House and
Senate committees. The courts in
equitable ruling makes it imperative
that this legislation be revived and
enacted.
Evening star., 1961-05-24
Crime Marches on

You certainly had q Won
derful response to your edi-
torial "Crime Marches On"
AS a native Of the District of
Columbia I am sure every
citizen feels the same as your
correspondents, and, as one
Of them said, your editorial
went right to the root Of the
matter. Congress should do
something about the "Su-
preme" court, with all de-
liberate speed"
Virginia
Evening star., 1961-05-24

ber of months, if the costs
are to- iustified."
The airlesS moon is inside
an electromagnetic"
This is an envelope of
electrically charged dust
particles completely sur
rounding the worlds satel-
lite close to the surface and
corresponding to the earth's
1onoSphere. The latter is
miles high, constituting a
reflecting roof for radio
waves, and is created by
solar electron bombardment
OF normal atmospheric gas
particles. The moon, how
ever, has no atmosphere. In
stead fine dust caused by
meteoric impacts is electri-
fled by the invisible ultra
violet light of the sun.
This was explained to the
American Geophysical Un-
ion by Drs. S. F. Singer and
E. E. Walker of the Univer-
sity Of Maryland. The den-
sity of the dust layer just
over the moons surface, ac-
cording to the two physicists,
is about 10000 particles per
cubic centimeter. This would
be an essential vacuum any,
where else. The layer, heated
by the sun. can expand to
heights Of several yards.
49," the report said, I'VE
have on the moon a dust
ionoSphere made up of posi-
lively charged dust particles
and negatively charged
electrons".
Moons Surface Rough
This is as close to an
atmosphere as has ever been
attributed to the earth's
cold satellite, from which
any original blanket of air
presumably long since ex-
capped into space.
1t may be hard to find a
smooth landing place any
where on the moons surface.
All observations to date in
dicate a rough surface al
most everywhere on the
earth's satellite, it was ex-
planned in a series of reports
presented before the union.
This roughnesS hardly can
be due to variations of lunar
temperature through the
ages. Observations during
eclipses indicate an equal, if
very low, temperature almost
everywhere.
1t may be due in con-
siderable part, however, to
heat rising from the moons
interior due to radioactivity,
it was explained by Drs. P.
D. Proctor and G.. C.
Amstutz of the Missouri
School Of Mines and R. A.
Black of the United States
Geological Survey.
"The top layer of the
moon" said a report by DR..
K. j. K. Buettner of the
University Of Washington, j
will be important for land
ing, living and movement of
aStronauts. Optical data in
dicate a coarse structure of
surface material"
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-08-15

NEW LORK, Aug. Eighty
years ago this month, the thick
woods of upper Michigan be-
came cracking inferno.
For 10 days, the normally
crisp, glistening air of that mag
nificent vacation.land seethed
scarlet. Hundreds of men
surged into the area to put out
the flames, and 125 of them
died. Countless others were
hurt and diseased and would
slowly be snuffed out, along
with the embers, In natures
own time.
On the 18th day, suddenly, it
rained.
The crisis was passed, but the
emergency remained. Statistics
were as unavailable as homes in
upper Michigan in 1881 after
the big forest fire, but the coun.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-08-15
LOST 3 FOUND
Notice to

Notice to
Paving Contractors
Sealed Bids will be received
until
11:OO AM.
FRIDAY, AUGUST rs, 1851
at Room COS, County Office
Building, Rockville, for con-
struction designated as MCPW
Contract No. 1924 of street i'm
provements along Arcola Ave
nue. and Kemp Mill Road in
Wheaton. Principal work will
approximate 10000 C.Y. Excava-
ton, $4,000 sly. Bituminous
Paving, 5000 sly. Concrete Side.
walks, 10000 LIZ. Concrete Curb
and Gutter, 300 LIZ. Concrete
Pipe Us" to 36") and $4,000
sly. Sod. Bidding documents
may be obtained at Room COS,
County Office Building, Rock
vile, upon presentation of Off
cial County Receipt for $500
mot refundable). Bid Bond of
at least SO of Bid shall be re-
quired.
J. C. KORDELLA
Director of Public Works
For Montgomery County
Maryland 1t.791.5-15