davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-07-11
TyroI Terrorists Block
Trains, Warn Tourists

VERONA, Italy, July II (AP)
Dynamite blasts set off by
men calling themselves free
dom fighters Of the South
Tyrol" blocked tourist-packed
trains on three of Italy's four
rail lines to Central Europe
early today.
No one was injured, but pas
Sengers were stranded as long
as 10 hours.
German-language pamphlets
found at the scene of explo-
SionS near the SwiSS-Italian
border warned tourists that
this was part Of a continuing
campaign for greater autonomy
of German-speaking residents
of the South Tyrol. They sug-
gested that foreigners take
their vacations in some other
country.
I'VE have again felt con-
strained to spare human life, u
the pamphlets said, but de-
clared the next blow will be
harder.
Economic Blow Planned
Any sharp reduction in the
multimillion dollar tourist
trade would be a severe eco
nomic blow to Italy, which has
failed in three recent confer
enceS with Austria to reach an
agreement on the future OF
the South Tyrol. Violence last
month wrecked about 40 power
pylons. cost three lives and
caused millions of dollars OF
property damage in that bor-
der region.
The newest flareup of sab
otage-obviouSly part of a we'll
organized plan ranged far
south and west of the Tyrol.
Explosions toppled power
poles across tracks of the
Brenner Pass, and on the Sim
plon and Luino- Bellinzona lines
to Switzerland and Austria,
Another charge exploded on the
Como = ChiaSso Gothard line
near the Swiss border, but traf-
fic was not interrupted.
Service on the affected lines
resumed before noon.
Across the frontier, sabo-
teurs biased three power pylons
in the Swiss canton of Valais.
This cut electric power to
Switzerland from the French
hydroelectric station at Genis-
stat on the Rhone River.
Although the tactics resem-
bled those of the Tyrol terror
lists. a Swiss police spokesman
said: 1--WE have no idea who
was responsible. An investiga-
ton is in progress"
Bearing a Tyrol black eagle,
the Saboteurs' pamphlets said :
I'VE have again felt con-
strained to spare human life.
But the police terror in our
Evening star., 1961-07-11
GAGARIN
GAGARN
Soviet Cosmonout Asked to Palace
To Dine With Queen Elizabeth
Continued From First Page
eeived no invitation to the
United States.
Reads Science Fiction

NSAfSN AAO AANAOdb4OLA " GllC
United States.
Reads Science Fiction
LAS far as I know" he added,
mo visa has been issued for me
to enter the United States"
Asked whether he reads SCI
ence fiction, Mai. Gagarin said
he has read great deal of it
Russian, American and other.
IF science had kept abreast
Of science fiction" he said, I'VE
would now be flying to the
stars"
He said Spacemen are ordi-
nary men and II regret that
science fiction makes them into
supermen."
Asked whether he was in the
capsule of his 5-ton space ship
when it descended to the ground
after his April IL orbit of the
earth, Mai. Gagarin replied:
IT answered this question at
my first news conference in
Moscow, but I'll repeat it
descended inside the space
ship. However, there was an
other system prepared. This
involved election from the ship
and descent by parachute"
"None the Worse" for Flight
A correspondent asked what
were the medical findings from
his examination after his
flight.
I've had a number of med
ical checkups," he said. None
has found any changes i'll my
organs-phySical or mental,
and I assume I'm none the
worse from my flight I,
sleep quite normally"
MAJ. Gagarln laughed when
a. woman reporter questioned
him about how much his wife
knew in advance about his
flight.
"She was aware what I was
training for" he said. "Our
relations have not been i'm
paired in any way by the
flight"
Immediately after the con-
ference, Maj. Gagarin was pre-
sented a gold medal by the
British Interplanetary Society.
The first man to orbit the
earth arrived for a three-day
visit, grinned broadly and ap-
plauded his welcomers vigor-
ously as he marched smartly
down the steps of the Soviet
twin-jet airliner that brought
him from Moscow.
Because Mai. Gagarin came
on a private visit as the guest
of the Russian trade fair, the
welcoming committee was
headed by a virtually unknown
civil servant, Francis Turnbull,
Evening star., 1961-07-11
North Korea,
Peiping Sign
Military Pact

TOKYO, July IL (AP). -
Communist China and North
Korea today signed a mutual
assistance treaty pledging full
military support to each Other
if either nation is attacked.
PremierS Chou En-lai oi
Communist China and Kin
n-sung of North Korea signed
the pact in Peiping, the Com.
muniSt New China news agency
reported.
1t is similar to a treaty oi
mutual assistance and friend.
ship signed last week with So.
Wet Russia by the travelling
North Korean Premier.
The treaty's military clause
quoted by the agency, de.
clared:
I'm the event of one of the
contracting parties being sub
jected to the armed attack BY
any state or several stateI
jointly and thus being involved
in a state of war, the othel
contracting party shall imme'
diately render military anC
other assistance by all means
at its disposal"
Challenge to Peeping Seen
The Soviet pact pledges
Moscow to come to North Ko.
rea's aid If it is attacked. Since
Korea borders on Red China
this was considered in the West
as a Soviet challenge to Pei.
pings influence in Communist
Asia.
At a banquet for Mr.. Kim II
Peiping last night, however
President Liu Shao-chi con.
graduated Mr.. Kim on the
Soviet treaty aud that il
it strengthens the Communist
bloc as a whole.
Mr.. Kim, who headed NORTH
Korea's army as well as its
government when Peiping sent
its so-called volunteers to hi
aid in the Korean war, warmly
praised Communist China and
said:
Our friendship and unity
have been sealed with blood
and consolidated and developed
through protracted bitter Strug-
giles and tests"
Provisions Outlined
In the brief, Seven-article
treaty, North Korea and Red
China also pledged to refrain
from joining alliances against
each other, to consult on in
ternational questions Of com.
mon interest, to respect the
principles of sovereignty and oi
non-interference in internal af-
fairs and to render all possible
economic and technical aid tc
each other.
They agreed that "the unfit.
cation of Korea must be realized
along peaceful and democratic
lines and that such a solution
accords exactly with the ma.
tional interests of the Korear
Evening star., 1961-07-11
SCHOOLS

Continued From First Page
were to reduce the pupil-teacher
ratio from the present 31.3 to
l to a ratio of 30.6 to and
finally to the goal of 80 to
during fiscal 1868.
The principal cut yesterday
-$4l1 ,000-came in the allo.
cation for additional supervi-
sorry and teaching personnel.
In the original 1868 budget
this item contains requests fol
444 more positions at a tota,
increase of $2.3 million ovel
1862. Increases in related serv.
Evening star., 1961-07-11
House Votes Bill
On Deportutions
By the Associated Press

Legislation designed to make
it more difficult for undesirable
aliens to delay deportation
through court maneuvering was
passed yesterday by the House
and sent to the Senate.
The roll-call vote was 304-60.
The legislation would create
a single, separate form of ju-
dicial review Of administrative
orders for deportation and ex-
cluSion of aliens. Aliens sub
ject to such orders still could
obtain judicial reviews in the
United States Circuit Court Of
Appeals.
Evening star., 1961-07-11
u. S. Seeking Anti-Red
Alliance With NeutroIs
BY EARL H. VOSS
Star Staff Writer

The Kennedy administration is seeking build kind
of alliance with the uncommed nations fight Communist
suhversion.
Resisting Red attempts to overthrow nations
has been regarded to mainly Job Western
power bloc The administration the socalled
Evening star., 1961-07-11

people and the aim of preserv-
ing peace in the Far East"
Mr.. Liu was present at the
signing of the pact, officially
titled Treaty of Friendship,
Cooperation and Mutual AS
Sistance.
Evening star., 1961-11-03
Bush Fruits Fovored
Over Tree Varieties
THE EVENING STAR
Washington, D. {.
Frid0y, November ;, 1851

time out to tell the difference
between a huckleberry and a
blueberry. THE huckleberries
have 10 large hard seeds while
the blueberries have many
small, soft, edible seeds"
AS many will undoubtedly re-
member, DR.. Darrow believes in
growing only those varieties
that have top quality. His en-
phaSiS then is for those who
wish to grow fruits to select
varieties having quality equal
to or better than the best ones
on the market.
When buying plants for the
home garden do not select
those commonly grown by the
commercial fruit grower but go
to someone who can and will
name those good enough to be
in the home fruit garden.
Buy Resistant Stocks
In growing the raspberrieS it
is highly important to start
with disease-free plants and to
protect them if they are to re-
main productive. RaSpberrieS,
DR.. DarTow suggested, might
well be cut back to the ground
in the spring and thus avoid
summer diseases and in this
way obtain only a fall crop.
However, in a partially shaded
situation this does not seem to
be necessary. Regardless of
which method is followed the
raspberries should be kept we'll
mulched. Not only do they need
a cool root area, but a heavy
mulch helps to reduce the suck
ering which can be a nuisance
if not kept under control.
The blueberrieS are both a
delicacy and an ornament. They
do best in light shade. They
want an acid, humusy soil and
deep mulch. Modern adapted
Evening star., 1961-11-03

or later, if that is more con-
venient. The week or two in
the ground after the tops are
removed seems to improve their
storage qualities.
In storing dahlia tubers in
the normal basement it is well
to remove most of the dirt, to
dry them thoroughly and then
to place in a plastic sack. This
prevents dry rot and shriveling.
However, if not thoroughly
dried the tubers in a bag will
likely show signs of rot. For
this reason it is important to
Evening star., 1961-11-03
: THIS WEEK
IN YOUR GARDEN

candytuft, portulaca, and sweet
alyssum. Scatter the seed thin
ly on a prepared bed and cover
with any light material. Frost
will do the covering and the
seed can be planted on un-
prepared soil. The main prob
lem with fall sown seed is to
keep the mice and birds from
taking it, hence the need for a
light cover
Evening star., 1961-11-03
Obnoxious Vines

The honeysuckle, poison ivy
and other obnoxious vines may
be controlled at this late sea-
son by painting the stems near
the ground with a mixture of
three parts 2,4-D and one part
fuel or diesel oil. Avoid drip
ping this solution on the
ground. A well moistened swab,
a cotton glove over a rubber
one, or a small paint brush,
may be used to apply this ma
terial
Evening star., 1961-11-03
Spade Annual Beds

Now that the ANIMALS have
been killed by frost, they should
be pulled and the ground spad-
ed so that it will be ready for
early planting next spring.
Leave the ground rough, the
frost will pulverize it. However
it is well to spade under leaves,
to lime if needed, and to have
burrows to carry away excess
rainfall.
Evening star., 1961-11-03

varieties are excellent (two or
more varieties should be grown
for good pollinization)
and far superior to the older
ones. The problem Of keeping
the birds from taking all Of the
fruit can be discouraging be-
cause they, too, like top-quality
fruits.
Grapes are another of the
Evening star., 1961-11-03
Keep Corners CIeun

Weeds and rubbish should be
collected from borders and cor
ners. They are often the winter
home of insect pests, and in
the case of the poke weed, a
virus disease. If spaded under
they will produce valuable hu-
mus and remove some of the
pests.
Evening star., 1961-11-03
November 3

Last weeks frost in the sub
urbs meant the end of summer
in many gardens. Fortunately
the freeze was not enough to
hurt the chrysanthemums. A
wide variety in the sunny gar
den should be a must to those
who want fall color and plenty
OF cutflowers. There is much
that can and should be done
now such as bulb planting, the
setting out Of pansies, the SOW
ing of the seed of the hardy
ANIMALS, and of course, order
ing roses, shrubs and trees for
planting later.
Evening star., 1961-11-03
.ARBORETUM
LISTS HOURS
FOR CAMELLIAS

To allow public visitation
Of the camellia areas. the
National Aboretum will be
open tomorrow and Sunday
from 10 am. to S pm. The
same hours will be observed
November II and IL. The
usual hours will prevail on
week days, except the 10th
when the grounds will be
closed for the holiday.
Evening star., 1961-11-03
Annual Seeds

There are many ANIMALS that
might well be planted soon so
as to insure a goodly supply of
flowers for cutting about the
time the bulbs are finished with
their early spring Towering.
Larkspur, Iceland and Shirley
poppies, nigella, cornflower,
calendula, China pinks, annual
Evening star., 1961-11-03
BY BILL YOUNGMAN
Star Garden Editor

DR.. George Darrow, dean Of
fruit breeders in this area,
speaking before the Takoma
Horticultural Club, discouraged
the raising of tree fruits but
emphasized the productivity OF
the bush fruits. Some will want
to criticize him for this en-
phasiS.
Unfortunately, though, DR..
Darrow is not biased in favor
of the bush fruits but is re-
flecting a fact that many find
out after buying and giving
tree fruits good care for several
years.
The fruit must be sprayed
many, many times a season If
it is to be worth the picking.
In some cases apple trees need
IS or more sprays in a season.
Few are in a position to buy
a sprayer that has enough pres
sure to put a protective coat
ing on a tree that stands rs
to 40 feet high.
The idea of home grown
fruits is attractive to all, but
we should consider the prac-
ticability.
If we want tree fruits in our
backyards, then we should grow
the dwarfs. There are more
fruits available on dwarfing
stocks now than a few years
ago. They produce good quail
ty fruits if properly sprayed
and the same equipment used
TO protect the roses will do
very we'll in protecting the
fruits on dwarf trees.
Birds Harvest Fruit
DR.. Darrow, made another
point that amused his audience
d great deal. He stated that
birds and fruit raising are
not compatible. Fruit growers
should also raise cats. He stated
the Siamese were the best, be-
ing more vicious. Perhaps our
cat fanciers may not like this
emphasis, but it does give a
new angle to the problem. Most
folks used to say plant three
cherry trees, two for the birds
and one for the gardener.
Among the bush fruits that
DR.. Darrow mentioned were the
strawberries which do not take
much space, have not too many
diseases and insect pests, and
are highly productive for the
space occupied. Grapes were
mentioned as were paw paws,
passionfruit. ounce, raspberry
and blueberry. DR.. Darrow took
Evening star., 1961-11-03

fruits mentioned by DR.. Darrow
Most gardeners who put them
on a suitable support find them
easy to care for and productive
However, there is no alterna-
tive to bagging the fruit
punches to protect them from
the wasps and bees that will
suck the juices from every rip
ening berry that is not covered
Evening star., 1961-11-03
Ismene Lilies

The Ismene lily bulbs are best
dried in a warm place for sew
eral days, the tops removed and
dried for a week or more before
bagging. Hang the bags near
the furnace. A cool moist sit
uation is likely to be fatal to
them. -YOUNGMAN.
Evening star., 1961-11-03
Chop StuIks

Chop up corn and dahlia
stalks to destroy any European
corn borers that may be pres
ent. These pests overwinter in
the stalks and there is no point
in providing a winter home for
next years crop spoilers.
Evening star., 1961-11-03

examine them every few weeks
to see that the tubers are still
in good condition. If moist to
the touch the tubers should be
spread out to dry.
Evening star., 1961-11-03
GIuds

Glads are best dried for sew
eral weeks in the basement be-
fore attempting to clean. When
cleaned they should be stored
in airy containers in the cool
est frost-free situation avail
able. Paper bags hold mois-
ture and perhaps encourage
mold. Slated trays are good.
Evening star., 1961-11-03
Collect Leaves

Leaves may be piled in the
corner, in a large box. or in a
pit, where, mixed with soil and
some fertilizer, they will be-
come the cheapest soil improv-
,er available. To burn is to
waste humus.
Evening star., 1961-11-03
DuhIiu Roots

The roots of dahliaS whose
tops were removed last week
after the frost may be dug now,
Evening star., 1961-11-03
ROSE GARDEN MELONS

WatermelOns growing in a rose garden
doubled as jack-O-lanternS at the Frank Silva
home, 961O wellington street, SeabrOOk, Md
The children are Sandra Baldwin Qeft) and
Robin BickfOrd.-Star Staff Photo by Arnold
Sachs.
Evening star., 1961-11-03
REG. 1893! HARDY LANDSCAPE EvEReREENs

All bolIed and burIopped. Choose from
mony Vorieties. Irish Juniper upright,
Greek Juniper (upriehtl, Hetzi Juniper
tspreodine), anonymous tereen and vorie-
ooted), 5ioto Aureo Mana teoIden),
Globe ArboNitoe, Piers Joponico.
St. Paul recorder., 1961-04-28
Data M Chatter
BY DARCY DEMI1LE

FROM HOLLYWOOD TO HARLEM Ask Dinah (but I'll bet
YOU popular singer threatened
other evening the famed Away Lounge
Chicago The of it all?
told The Della Reese been singing the
offsage groom Leroy
that still legally his wfe Their divorce
the variety declared void So where does that
the pretty Detroit girl who made good??
feudng with Brook Benton Of all people The
point Mister Benton Cancelled his SIS
booking the famed Dunes hotel Vegasway He will in
that gambling Miss Gabor left the Nevada
wonder
about each other.
wedding bells will for Ahea Gibson and William
quite awhile Speaking dolls and they
Beaonte Cannonba Adderley to
watch
Jacquene Petod the pretty widow Of Pettord find
wdowood difficult date has been receiving
$1445 three chden Shed better contact
legal eagle but quick what happened her husbands estate
benefits pay than that!
I'm preudiced but still don't how Tony Perkins
missed Academy Award nomination Doris for that matter
She made Midnight Lace nge Speaking perform
Folk Odea wowing with
ing Sanctuary"
cultural adviser to the Peace Corps???
St. Paul recorder., 1961-04-28
Richmond Citizens Press
Fight Against Segregated
Seufinq In City Courts

Richmond, Va. (ANP) - A plea
for desegregation of spectator
seating facilities in Petersburg
Municipal Court was taken under
advisement here last week by us.
Dist. Judge Oren r. Lewis.
The judge advised Len Holt,
counsel for three Petersburg Ne
groes who are compliments in the
suit, that because Of a crowded
court docket a decision may not be
handed down until late next month.
The Negroes seek a federal court
injunction to restrain Petersburg
Municipal Judge Herbert A. Gill
liam from enforcing racial segre-
CATION in his courtroom.
Walter E. Rogers, counsel for
Judge Gillian, said the purpose of
segregation of the races in the
court is to prevent friction.
Holt replied that segregated
seating is not necessary to pre-
serve order in the court.
St. Paul recorder., 1961-04-28
Africa At A Glance

Dalar (ANP -ParsDakar leading
throughout Senegal West Africa made its last
appearance April following day the
the Of "Daar Matn The
publication founded by Chares de rete
February Starting weekly and then appearing two
a week. it became a daily in 1895.
BEER OR NO BEER
plan operation northern town of
subject of discussion between the town council
wants the Plan and Will give some OF 1he pF0i's iU ~
provide the University of Rhodea and Nyasa-
deserving Africans Though the council maintains this
complies with the law providing for profits from such sales to be de-
voted Minister Qunon thinks otherwise
WOMEN TRAFFIC POLICE
Conary ANDuring the past six months the Republic OF
Guinea accepting training police work Though
traffic duties the present aOwoman force viii
later be given with offenders
juvenile denquens Selected the of 1925 years
the examination and perform six months military
police training at the Kanan police college before being
they receive is the that given
candidates for the police force
NOSE COUNTING
Naobi (ANP) There people going counting
noses to hold its
first population accurately the increase
in counts population estimated 1858 figures Of 6osoooo
Africans The counting of nonfcans Will
begin February and the general African census will begin IN
August 1852
NEW MEDICAL CENTER
Monrova (ANP)-construction 23Obed med
West Africas scheduled to begin
in May The structure to be complete in every respect VIII nave pro
visions general private patients surgical operating suite
central surgical supply pharmacy housekeeping services
pantries Architects for the building htched
Whiting York have also been commits
medical college which Will
situated in the city
GEOLOGY SCHOOL GIFT
Freetown (ANP Corporation Sierra Leone Linn
independence Sierra Leone $s96OO check to under
Department Of Geology for the Faculty
of University College of Sierra Leone Split into three
parts building the geology
department equipment the endowment for five of
Senior Lectureship Geology.
SEPTEMBER OPENING DATE
Accra (ANP-The Higher Education
initial session of the proposed
University Coast will begin next September The
diploma for parme students
through evening classes
CONFERENCE SPEAKER
Washington (ANP-Nigerias Ambassador to the US julius
principal speaker at luncheon session
2s during the twody meeting Of the
Society International Development
society holding in the Shoreham hotel
AFRICAN STUDENT CENTER
Washington (AP) proposal to establish African Student
utilizing the facilities
and Vanderbilt and the
colleges Peabody Mehar Scar currently being studied
Department idea of originated
group leaders for the
providing facilities African nations
Eas-West Student Center Hawaii
educational needs of Asiatic students
St. Paul recorder., 1961-04-28

New York; DR.. Benjamin Mays,
Atlanta; Harry Belafonte, New
York City and DR.. Albert Dent,
president billiard University, New
Orleans, have been appointed to
the national advisory board Of the
Peace Corps Of which Sargent
Shriver, former president of the
Chicago Board of Education, is
the director.
Martin said that announcements
of other important appointments
in various departments of govern
ment are pending.
1t is clear, Martin stated, that
this Administration fully intends
that there will be true equality of
employment opportunity in the
Federal service.
St. Paul recorder., 1961-04-28

senior and visiting lecturers. A
fourth residence hall is expected
to be completed before the end Of
the year as well as the new COL
lege library, costing about L105,-
694.
THE COLORED Mixed Race
Ex-servicemen's Legion of the
British Commonwealth Empire
Service league has lent its support
to a plan for a national conven-
ton Of colored people to organize
broad front against apartheid.
The legion's executive committee
representing $4,000 colored men
who served in World War II-said
in a statement: I'VE cannot agree
with the governments policy of
apartheid. We do not believe it is
the sincere intention of the govern
ment to care for the colored
people"
Ugandas first elected Govern
ment consists of nine Africans,
three whites and one Asian. Bene-
dicto Kiwanuka, president of the
Democratic Party, is the leader of
the Uganda Legislative Council
and Minister without Portfolio.
The protectorate's population of
5,767 900 includes $1,000 non-Afri-
cans.
HOLDING PRESS conferences
again after eight years, Jomo Ken
yatta is now living at a house in
Maralal which has been described
as a type known officially as Eur
opean Staff Housing Grade 5, built
! at a cost Of L2,788. There are
hundreds Of Government European
houses of this type.
THE LARGEST Protestant the.
illogical college in Africa, Emanue,
College, at Tbadan, Nigeria, has
launched an appeal for funds tc
erect and equip permanent build,
ings on a new site near the Univ,
ersity College, Ibadan. The target
of the appeal fund, which will bC
worldwide, is 10000.