davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-12-07
The Former Undersecretoy Is Sized Up
As Tough-Minded Seeker of Solutions

all feature the possibility Of
a rewarding climax - but
they never fail to point out
that the final scene can be
a sad or even tragic one.
More than a decade ago
Mr.. Bowles was pointing out
that our form of aid had a
possibly fatal Achilles heel.
We were giving it in the for
mula of military treaties.
The money enabled the mill
tary to ride in jeeps and sur
plus com m a n d cars. The
army of the recipient country
was better dressed and paid.
The capital cities of these
countries spawned new night
clubs and neon lights. New
housing sprang up, usually
occupied by generals and
government officials. The
poverty of these countries
was not alleviated. The peas
ant yearning for land was not
answered.
The result was inevitable.
Communism is not the wave
of the future. But only the
very blind will fail to see that
there is an upsurge of the
long-exploited, the landleSs,
the illiterate, peasant-and-
tribal peoples. We wonder
why they don't adopt democ-
racy, forgetting that democ-
racy requires literate people,
a good standard of living. a
large, substantial, expectant
middle class. high employ
ment, political stability, and
the promise of what we call
"a good life"
Pitifully few of the coun-
tries of Asia and Africa come
very close to possessing these
foundations. They don't even
know what we are talking
about when we say "democ-
racy."
Chet Bowles was saying all
this a long time ago. He is
such a fine, honorable, de-
cent man, that people in
stinctively trust and honor
him wherever he goes. He
was a tremendous asset as
Ambassador to India. Now,
in Kenneth Galbraith. a close
friend of Mr.. Bowles. we have
another success. This, Incl
Evening star., 1961-12-07
RALPH McGILL

The text of this piece is
Chester Bowles.
One of the several prob
lens confronting the Presi-
dent is that he is surrounded
by loyalty, competency, intel
Agence and zeal.
When he began to put to-
gether his administration
personnel, he was both politi-
cally pragmatic and sensible.
1t may be well to remind one
and all, for example, that he
had never even met his Sec
retary Of State to-be, Dean
Rusk. 1t was after a talk that
he made the decision to name
Mr.. RuSk.
Mr.. Bowles was a must.
He still is. He is a man of
ideas who likes to get things
done. This is why he was, to
some in the State Depart
ment, a square peg in a round
hole. The State Department
deals with both intangibles
and the terrible presence of
reality. Mr.. Bowles, as Under
secretary, was not by tenn
perament fitted for this. He
is a man who, in his thirties,
had, with William Benton.
made a fortune out of dy-
manic ideas translated into
action in one of the toughest
realisms of our peculiar COM
petitive society-advertising.
Ideas either brought GUS
toners into stores waving
their dollars and saying,
Take mine" or they didn't.
His did. He had earned his
way into the 81 million
category when he was in his
early thirties. He had done it
on merit-and with his mind.
Chester BowleS is not an
impatient man. He is big,
friendly and kind. But he
also is tough-minded. He is
by no means in the popular
image of a do-gooder or a
dreamer. He has dreams, but
they are not woody. They are
on a wide screen, and they
are sound. come-true, happy
ending themes. This is not
to say they are all cast in
any sort Of stereotype. They
Evening star., 1961-12-07
RDAVID LAWRENCE

1t is not generally realized
that the debate in the United
Nations as to whether Red
China should be admitted to
membership goes to the
heart of the issue of moral
law in the world today.
In the background is an
age-old question: Why do
wars come? Primarily be-
cause one side is confident
that the other is too weak
to resist effectively or that
1t will not fight-even if
strong. And who gives the
impression Of unwillingness
to fight or an attitude of de-
featism that indicates sur
render can be negotiated?
1t is those who embrace a
school of thought which is
misguided though sincere.
This attitude un happily
changes only when the enemy
has finally convinced the de-
featists of the facts Of life.
Today there is danger of
war again because defeatism
at a very critical moment has
come to the fore. 1t took a
long while to overcome the
defeatism of those who want
ed to surrender Allied rights
in West Germany by some
form of "disengagement" that
would be negotiated The
idea has not been swept
away entirely, but it is no
longer as influential as it was.
Actually, the President Of the
United States found that he
had to call up more than
100000 reservists and virtu-
ally threaten some kind of
military action in and around
West Berlin to convince the
Russians of what they should
have known all along-that
the United States wouldn't
surrender her convictions just
because the Moscow govern
ment assumed America was
going the way of the ap-
peasers and the defeatiSts.
There is only one sound
basis for the making and ex-
ecution of the foreign policy
OF the United States in the
world today. 1t has been the
foundation of American pol
icy in the past, and it will be
effective in the future. 1t is
Evening star., 1961-12-07
Blocking of Evil Urged Now, to Avoid
The Need for Greater Effort Later

to take a position based on
moral law and to adhere to
it, no matter how loud the
defeatists in our midst may
protest.
If the U. N, condones the
immoral behavior of any of
its members, If the U. N.
looks the other way when a
member nation com m / t S
treason, and if the United
States allows itself to be in
fluenced by the defeatists
who say surrender to evil is
"inevitable"-and hence, for
example, the admission of
Red China to the U. N. is
"lnevitable"-then in the end
many more young Americans
than Just the reservists will
be leaving their homes and
their jobs and their educa-
tional institutions to serve a
long. long term in the armed
services of the Nation, just
to show that we are not
timid or afraid to fight.
The American spokesmen
at the U. N. have just finish
ed telling the world in clear
cut addresses to the General
Assembly why Red China
should not be admitted to
the U. N. The reasons are
numerous. but among them
is the central fact that Red
China has never repented or
atoned for having started
the Korean War in which so
many thousands of young
Manufacturing Americans
lost their lives in an attempt
to repel what the U. N. itself
described in a formal reSolu-
ton as aggression.
Indeed, after the U. N. sent
it's own troops to fight in
Korea, the Red Chinese still
resisted. They were aided by
Moscow's arms and supplies
an act of treason against
the U. N. But now there is a
school of thought in this
country and abroad which
wishes blandly to overlook
such crimes.
Sweden. which has her
self observed the effects of
two world wars and is con-
sidered among the enlight-
ened nations of the world,
Evening star., 1961-11-05
Open House Today
At 3 Gu Buildings

Today will be open house at
three of Catholic University's
new buildings for high school
students, their parents and
teachers.
On view from 2 to 5 pm.
will be the new Engineering
and Architecture Building, Nc
Cort Ward Biology Building
and the recently completed
structure occupied by the uni
versity's School of Nursing
The open house is under the
sponsorship of Gus Blue Key
Honor Fraternity.
Evening star., 1961-11-05

said he was transported from
Leopoldville to Luluabourg ir
a U. N. plane.
The U. N. has charged Ka-
tanga with violating the cease
fire by bombing villages in
Kasai. The cease fire was
negotiated in September after
the U. N. met surprising re-
sistance in its efforts to remove
white mercenaries from Mr.
Tshombe's army.
The Congo's central govern
ment has anxieties On another
score.
Reliable sources said the
cabinet has given Antoine
Gizenga, the leftist leader who
headed a rebel regime in STAN
leyville. until tomorrow to re-
sumo his official duties. In
formants said some members
of the government are pressing
for his arrest if he does not
return. while others would be
content with taking his job
from him.
Mr.. Gizenga returned to his
capital at Stanleyyille October
5, only about three weeks after
Evening star., 1961-11-05
Congo Government
Admits Full Retreat

doubted if the fighting ac-
tually amounted to much.
The spokesman for Premier
Cyrille Adoula said the impor'
tant Katanga town had beer
heavily reinforced by Katangs
President Noise Tshombe and
the reinforcements included
many Europeans.
Kaniama is a principal base
for the small bombing planes
of the Katanga air force
which have been attacking
Congolese army positions in
KaSai.
Katanga Holds Bridge
Gen. Mobutu the govern
ments army commander, an
nounced Thursday morning
his troops had advanced tri-
umphantly up to IS miles into
Katanga in a show Of force to
end the secession Mr.. Tshombe
proclaimed nearly Is months
ago. He said Katanga forces
had put up no resistance.
A dispatch from Kaniams
said Katanga forces hold the
railroad bridge across the Lubi-
lash River, which forms the
border north of there. The only
Evening star., 1961-11-05

LEOPOLDVILLE, The Congo
Nov. 4 (AP).-The Congo's CEN
tral government conceded today
its invading forces had been
beaten in northern Katanga
and were in full retreat after
suffering heavy losses near the
frontier.
A government spokesman
said the setback in the drive to
bring secesSionist Katanga un-
der the rule of Leopoldville
came yesterday at the town of
Kaniama, 20 miles inside the
province. He insisted, however,
the troops we're pulling back
only to await reinforcementS.
He pictured Gen. Joseph Mo-
butu's troops as withdrawing
toward neig boring Kasai
Province. But press reports from
Kaniama said the government
soldiers already have been driv-
en- entirely from Katanga.
Severe Fighting Doubted
The Katanga government,
reporting the victory, also
claimed it had inflicted heavy
casualties on the invaders in
severe fighting. But diplo-
mats versed in Congo affairs
Evening star., 1961-11-05
Civil War Fete
In PhiIomont
Draws 500

PHILOMONT. Va, Nov. A
Five hundred people from Lou
doun County and the Metro
politan Area attended the Civil
War Centennial celebration in
the tiny town of Philomont to-
day to commemorate action
there on November l and 2,
1862.
Virgil Darlington Jones, Civil
War historian, spoke at the
unveiling of two markers which
renamed roads for Confederate
heroes, Col. John F. Mosby and
Gen. J. E. B. Stuart.
Mr.. Jones said that Col.
Mosby served first as a private
under Gen. Stuart, who per-
Evening star., 1961-11-05

highway bridge was reported
destroyed.
Katangan air force pilots al
Kaniama claimed Gen. Mo-
butu's forces were repulsed
north of there even before he
announced the offensive.
Military sources at Kaniama
said the Mobutu forces still hold
one point between there and
Kapanga, 120 miles to the west
They said the remaining point
should be destroyed" within
two days. Kapanga has been
a center of rampaging anti
Tshombe tribesmen.
These sources said lit is the
air force who won this war" "
The last point held north of
Kaniama by the Congo national
forces was destroyed by bomb
ing, the sources said.
Gen. Modulus main thrust
apparently had been from Lu-
luabourg, capital of Kasai,
down the railroad toward Kani-
ANA and Elisabethville, the
Katanga capital.
The bulk Of his army still is
reported in and around Lulua-
bourg, however, and the Ka-
tanga-Kasai border situation
was expected to remain ex-
ploSive. Among the Mobutu
troops are several hundred
Congolese police and soldiers
expelled from Katanga when
Mr.. Tshombe proclaimed his
independence.
Katangan officials charged
that the United Nations COM
mand aided Gen. Modulus
offensive. They claimed a pris-
oner from the invading force
Evening star., 1961-11-05
Congo First Big Issue
For u. Ms New Chief

the inconclusive military &C
ton the force took against Ka-
tanga in September was that
it aimed to rid the province Of
foreign mercenaries and stop
propaganda melting to civil
war.
A Security Council resolution
of last February 2l urges that
measures be taken to prevent
civil war in the Congo and to
get all foreign mercenaries and
political advisers out of that
country.
The Congolese central gov
ernment sent troops into Ka-
tanga this week in a police &C
ton to end the secession. But
a Leopoldville government
spokesman conceded today that
they had been driven back, and
military sources inside Katanga
said the Katangese air force
had won this war"
A u. N. report from the Con-
go published yesterday said
that unless Katanga grounded
its Typographical military
planes, the U. N. force would
shoot them down.
New Warning Given
In the report, Sture Lrner
of Sweden, chief of U. N. Congo
operations, also warned that the
force might act again to oust
the mercenaries from Katanga.
He tabled Belgium and France
as uncooperative in getting rid
of Katanga mercenaries from
those countries.
Mr.. Zorin was Mr.. Thant's
first caller as the new acting
secretary general spent his first
day in his office. The Bur-
mese career diplomat, So. was
chosen by unanimous vote of
the Security Council and the
l03-nation General Assembly
yesterday to serve till April 10,
1868. in the unexpired term
Of the late Dag Hammarskjold.
Accepting office. he said that
in the Congo. the United Ma
tionS faced serious difficulties
which clamor for an urgent
solution"
Mr.. Thant rode to U. N.
headquarters in the secretary
generals blue limousine today
from his apartment on New
York's fashionable upper East
Side. He arrived at 1880 am.
EST, smoking cigar. He stayed
in his office till 2:20 pm. Then
he went home.
Evening star., 1961-11-05
Soprano Recital Set

Miss Marion Downs, lyric
soprano, will appear in recital
at 8 pm. Tuesday in the Wash
ington City Church of the
Brethren, Fourth street and
North Carolina avenue Sc.
Evening star., 1961-11-05

placed in the Philomont Fire
House today to illustrate the
action around the town. These
pictures we're taken from prints
at the Library of Congress.
They show a unit from Philo-
Evening star., 1961-11-05

mitted him to start partisan
warfare. This little town of 120
persons was the northern
boundary Of Mosby's Confed-
eracy.
Groups Of pictures were
Evening star., 1961-11-05

coming here to take his post
as deputy premier. He had
promised to come back in eight
days.
Evening star., 1961-11-05

UNITED NATIONS, N. Y,
Nov. 4 (AP).-Strife in the
Congo became the first big is
sue for the United Nations new
acting secretary general, U
Thant of Burma, today as the
case was carried to the Security
Council.
Soviet Deputy Foreign Min
lister Valerian A. Zorin, presi-
dent Of the Council this month,
called on Mr.. Thant to discuss
a new request he had for a
Council meeting on the Congo
situation. They talked for half
an hour in the secretary gen.
erals 38th-floor office.
The request reached Mr..
zorin late last night in a letter
from Ethiopian. Nigerian and
Sudanese delegates. They asked
him to convene the 1l-nation
Council Ito consider the situa-
tion prevailing in the province
Of Katanga, Republic of Congo
(Leopoldville). caused by the
lawless acts Of mercenaries. "
He was expected to call a meet
ing for Monday or Tuesday.
Ambassadors Tesfaye Gebre-
Egzy Of Ethiopia, Muhammad
Ngileruma Of Nigeria and Omar
Abdel Hamid Adeel of Sudan
did not say. in their letter to
Mr.. Zorin, what kind of reso-
luton they wanted the Coun-
Gil to pass.
Selassie Cites Clashes
But Emperor Halle Selassie
had laid down Ethiopia's posi-
ton in a cable he sent Wednes-
day to Mongi Slim of Tunisia
president of the U. N. General
Assembly.
The Emperor said Congolese
central government forces land
the Katanga mercenaries have
clashed in combat" He called
the situation highly critical.
The Security Council, he
said, must act promptly to end
hostilities and Ito ensure the
integration Of Katanga into the
Congolese nation"
Clear and unequivocal di-
receives must be given" to the
U. N. force in the Congo, he
added, and the Council must
call for U. N. pressure on those
colonialist nations which con-
tinue to support the Katanga
secession"
Mr.. Thant would be respon-
sible for interpreting and car
rying out of any new resolution
the Council might adopt.
Evening star., 1961-11-05
Aimed at Mercenaries

The present U. N. position, as
laid down in past resolutions,
is in favor of a unified Congo
in other words, against Ka-
tanga'S secession. But there is
no special directive authorizing
the y. N. force to use arms to
end the secession.
The official explanation of
Evening star., 1961-11-05
COMPLETE
FAMILY
SELF-SERVICE
CENTER

ReIox in luxurious country
club atmosphere while the
fomiIY services ore at
tended automatically!
Imagine! No more running
around from the cleaners to
the clothes wash =. from the
beauty parlor to the shoe re-
pair. Todd'S new Village gives
you all the important family
services under one roof
all at one stop!
While you wait, there's a
Kiddie Corral recreation area
where the children can play
safely. While your laundry'S
being done automatically, re-
lax and enjoy yourself in
Color TV Theatre =. . have fun
playing a game of bridge in
the Game and Club Room.
Club room also available for
local civic affairs and COM
munity meetings, etc.-drop
in and make your reServa-
ton! Coin operated snacks
and refreshments, too! 20
coin operated bowling alleys!
. TRENCH TWIST" beouty
salon with leading hair styIists!
. SHOE REPAIR SHOP
have your shoes heeIed, soIed,
shined, ETC.!
. BARBER SHOP with
special weekly rotes for the
kiddies!
. PRESSING AND ALTERA-
TI0NS for men and ladies
by expert toiIors!
SWASHERS AND DRYERS
row otter row of coin-operoted
Norge mochines!
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-02-10

1dLilCul dl llGIE was lOld.
Msgr. John X. Cartwright,
rector Of the cathedral, made
the statement Jan. 29) in a
Red Mass sermon contrasting
a society's claw Of reverence"
with tyranny's "law Of fear"
President Kennedy led the
list Of officials attending the
annual Mass, which was offer
ed by Archbishop Patrick A.
O'Boyle of Washington.
Others there included Chief
Justice Earl Warren; Associ-
ate Justice William j. Bren-
nan, Jr., Speaker of the House
Sam Rayburn of Texas, House
Majority Leader John McCor-
mack of Massachusetts,; Sec
rotary of Labor Arthur Gold
berg; many Senators and Con-
gressmen; numerous judges
and attorneys, and one Of the
largest groups of diplomatic
corps members ever to attend
the observance.
A Red Mass is a Votive
Mass of the Holy Spirit offer
ed TO invoke gods blessing
on judges, lawyers and public
officials.
Msgr. Cartwright declared
in his sermon that laws zap
peal alive if a free society be
kept alive if a free society is
to endure"
THE LAW OF FEAR can
operate in the mathematical
functioning of the state when
welfare is maintained by a
secret police in torture cham
bers," he said. THE law of
freedom can function only
when the masses and multi
sion, Jamestown, Green Hill
Cemetery.
~SCHOENBORN, Mrs. Emma
c., 81, Jan. 25, st. Agatha
Church, Columbus, st. Joseph
Cemetery.
SCuRLOCK, George W., n,
Jan. 5, Holy Trinity Church.
Jackson, Paramount Cemetery.
SHIELD, Mrs. Elizabeth X,
81, Jan. %, Corpus Christi
Church, Columbus, Mt. Cal
vary Cemetery.
SHINE, Miss Margaret, IS,
Jan. %, st. Mary Church,
Chillieothe, ST. Margaret Gem
etery.
SMITH, Mrs. Anna NJ, 83,
Jan. 81. Sacred Heart Church,
Columbus, st. Joseph Gene
terry.
SOWMA, Mrs. Alice, 70, st.
Nicholas Church, GAINESVILLE,
Mt. Olive Cemetery.
SULLIVAN, Miss Bertha,
Jan. 28, st. Mary Church, Co
lumbus, Mt. Calvary Gene
terry.
T0MNEY, John, 81, Jan. "a,
Holy Trinity Church, Jack
son, Mt. Olivet Cemetery.
10TH, Mrs. Elizabeth, rs,
st. Ladislas Church. Column.
bus, Greenlawn Cemetery.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-02-10

tudes of men reverence the
law Of freedom as the gift of
God"
He said the United States
has from its beginnings been
"a country of free mems
law"
at originated in the repudi-
alton of the law Of fear. 1t
was able to substitute rever-
ence for fear very easily, be-
cause its founders, its hero
es, its common people had
the religious conscience which
is the first element in citi-
zenship," he stated.
OUR LAW HAS under
stood how it is rooted in the
religious conscience he add
ed. For that reason among
others it has respected the po-
sition Of religion in society
... American law has al
ways respected religion not
only for what it is in itself,
the deepest rooted of all
human rights, but for its civil
izing function of creating in
the public mind the climate
of reverence which is the
only climate in which the law
of freedom can exist"
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-02-10
Bishop Noa
Tells People
Again, NO MIRA

WASHINGTON - Bishop
Thomas L, Noa of Marquette
had told his people that Cath
olics are not to participate in
the Moral Re-Armament
movement.
In 1858, Bishop Noa issued
an instruction" and "direc-
tive" to his people stating
that until Holy Mother
Church should declare that
no danger to the faith for
Catholics is to be found in
the movement" the faithful
of his diocese cannot attend
MIRA meetings or take part
in its activities.
Now, basing his statement
upon Authoritative informa-
ton" regarding action on the
part of the Holy See, Bishop
Noa has informed his people
that 'there is no change with
respect to the attitude of the
Church." This attitude, he
added, is that catholics are
not to participate" in the
MIRA movement.
THE BISHOPS PASTORAL
dated January 20, is held here
to be particularly timely. Rec
emily full-page advertisements
have appeared in many news
papers, creating the impress
sion that the theology of MIRA
and participation in that
movement is approved for
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-02-10
COLUMNIST ASKS:
Why Only Public
Schools Get Aid?

Cardinal was speaking, the
Board of Regents of New
York state announced that it
had recommended to Gov.
Rockefeller a plan whereby
$780, 900 a year would be
given by the state to private
colleges and universities to
help them expand.
ITO bypass constitutional
difficulties about granting aid
to private institutions which
teach religious subjects, the
plan would award $500 a year
to each college student per-
sonally, as a sort of scholar
ship" he said.
THE PRINCIPLE, wrote Mr..
Lawrence, is the same as that
adopted by Congress in pro-
viding the funds for educa-
ton to veterans of World War
II and the Korean War under
the CT Bill of Rights.
"The grants are allotted to
the individuals and they pay
the money directly to the
school of their choice, which
can be a public, a private or
a church-related institution as
long as it meets prescribed
academic requirements.
Cardinal Spellman, in his
speech, says that under a law
passed in 1852, Federal funds
went to students who used
them in 474 Protestant, 265
Catholic, and 5 Jewish institu-
tons of higher learning.
"Also, he points out, under
a 1856 law, Congress pro-
vides for direct grants to stu
dents whose fathers died as a
result of the Second World
War or the Korean conflict,
and many now use the money
to pay tuition to church-relat-
ed colleges" he said.