davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-09-25
BY the Associated Press

Congressional leaders of both
parties gave enthusiastic ap-
proval today to President Ken
nedy's proposals before the
United Nations for world dis
armament and to his firm stand
on Berlin.
And, in a statement applaud
ing the speech, Senate Demo-
cratic Leader Mansfield sug-
gested that the United Nations
consider either President Adolfo
Lopez Mateos of Mexico or
Prime Minister Nehru of India
for the post of U. N. secretary
general.
Mansfield said he had no in
formation as to whether either
would be willing to accept the
post but that it would be diff
cult to imagine the Soviet
Union fighting either of them.
Senate Republican Leader
Dirksen said Mr.. Kennedy had
expressed a magnificent hope"
for a peaceful settlement of the
worlds difficulties.
Il was glad to note the firm
ness with which he dealt with
the Berlin situation" Senator
Dirksen said. II think he dis
posed of the troika question
with his observation that there
may be three horses but only
one driver"
Similarly, Senator Mansfield
said Il agree whole heartedly
with what the President had to
say on the principle of troika"
the Russian idea for a three
man committee to replace the
secretary-general.
1T was very statesmanlike,"
Senator Mansfield said of the
Presidents address. He said he
hoped its i m m e diate effect
would be to ease world tensions.
But, he emphasized, what hap
pens rests not with us but with
the rest of the countries of the
world, especially the Soviet
Union"
Senator DirkSen hit the same
note, with the observation that
the West still is confronted with
the reality of what kind of re-
Evening star., 1961-09-25

not wars of liberation" as
Russia contends, but attacks on
free countries living under
countries of their own choos-
ing, the President declared.
Russia, in an apparent move
to blunt President Kennedy s
disarmament proposals, yester-
day sent a memorandum out
lining its own position to Gen.
eral Assembly President Mongi
Slim of Tunisia. The Soviet
memo repeated the Kremlin's
readiness to accept any con-
troll measures if the West ac-
cepted general and complete
disarmament"
Mr.. Kennedy flew to New
York from Hyannis Port, Mass,
last night. He was met by Sec
retary of State Rusk, New
York's Mayor Wagner, and
other city officials.
He went directly to the Hotel
Carlyle for conferences with
Mr.. Rusk, John j. McCloy, his
disarmament adviser and Ar
thur Dean, chief nuclear test
ban negotiator.
The President greeted dele
gates in a large reception room
off the General Assembly hall
Immediately after delivering his
address. Then he went to Mr..
Stevenson's Waldorf Astoria
suite to lunch with Latin Amer
lean delegation chiefs and Mr..
RuSk.
Prince Norodom Sihanouk of
Cambodia had a late afternoon
appointment with the President
at the Hotel Carlyle. Tomorrow
President Arturo Frondizi of
Argentina will have breakfast
with Mr.. Kennedy.
The President is scheduled
to leave New York tomorrow
afternoon for Newport, R. l.,
where he plans to spend about
| a week vacationing at the
estate of Mrs. Kennedy's STEP
father and mother. Mr.. and
Mrs. Hugh D. AuchinclosS.
Soviet Foreign Minister Gro
myko is scheduled to speak
to the Assembly tomorrow. The
British foreign secretary, the
Earl of Homie, is expected to
appear Wednesday.
Evening star., 1961-09-25
Bolt Hits Climbers

TOKYO, Sept. 25 (AP).-A
bolt of lightning struck a party
of seven mountain climbers yes
terday just as it reached the
summit of 9,537-foot Mt. Kashi-
mayari in the Japanese Alps,
killing one and injuring an
other, survivors reported to po-
lice.
Evening star., 1961-09-25

a proposition that control
should be established not only
over the implementation of dis
armament meaSures-"but also
over the armed forces and arm
aments that would remain in
the possession of states at this
or that stage of disarmament. I"
In the course of bilateral ex-
changes Of views, the Soviet del
egation stressed the great i'm
portance of agreement on the
drafting of conclusion of a
single treaty embracing all
stages of a program of gen.
eral and complete disarmament
and setting specific time limits
for both individual stages and
the program in general" TaSs
said.
The report added:
"The Soviet Union proposes
to effect general and complete
disarmament in four to five
years.
This is a realistic time
limit. The Soviet Union
is ready to consider other pro-
posalS concerning time limits
for program of general and
complete disarmament, but it
believes that in any case the
agreed time limit should be
quite definite and as short as
possible"
Promise Made
The Tass summary said the
memorandum emphasized that
the government of the USSR
and its head, Nikita Khru-
shchev, have repeatedly stated
that if the Western powers ac-
cept the proposal for general
and complete disarmament, the
Soviet Union will uncondition-
ally accept any Western pro-
poSals for control over disarm-
ament."
Tass further quoted the re-
port as saying:
1T is perfectly obvious i
that it is not the Soviet po-
sition that prevents solution of
the problem of control over dis
armament but the efforts of
the governments of Western
powers to use this problem to
raise an artificial barrier on
the way to disarmament.
While upholding effective
control over disarmament, the
Soviet Union resolutely opposes
control over ornaments.
The Soviet Union wants
both the process of disarma-
ment as a whole and each dis
armament measure separately
to be effected from start to
finish under effective control" F"
Evening star., 1961-09-25

Assembly session, 1unlSla
Mongi Slim, and reported by
the official Tass news agency
The memorandum noted that
exchanges of opinion between
Soviet and United States repre-
sentatives had taken place in
Washington, Moscow and New
York during the past three
months.
ITO enable the United States
Government to make a deeper
study of the Soviet position,
the delegation of the USSR
handed to the American side
several documents subStanti-
ating in detail the program of
general and complete disarma-
ment under strict international
control, submitted by the head
of the Soviet government,
Nikita Khrushchev, to the
General Assembly on Septem-
Der %, 1860" Tass said.
Motives Set Out
THE (Soviet) report sets out
in detail the motives which
compel the Soviet government
to insist on the immediate re-
alization of general and COM
plete disarmament, and stresses
that the Soviet government
regards general and complete
disarmament as a feasible
task" TaSs said.
The memorandum gave a
long account of bilateral talks
between the Soviet Union and
the United States on disarma-
ment and said the recently
agreed joint statement on dis
armament principles had only
been reached after the Ameri-
can side accepted a number of
propositions insisted upon by
Russia.
The United States and Rus
sia reported to the United Ma
tions last Wednesday their
failure to agree during discus
sionS on some means of re-
starting full-scale East-West
disarmament negotiations.
But they were able to. agree
on an eight-point statement of
principles to guide any future
disarmament conference. The
principles called for abolition of
all weapons of mass destruction
and disbanding of armed forces,
the steps to be carried out in
stages under strict and effec-
tive international control"
The obvious clash that arose
between the two sides was not
specifically detailed in the So
Wet memorandum, except in one
respect. 1t said the United
States had agreed to delete
from its statement of principles
Evening star., 1961-09-25
Reds Agree to Accept
Curbs if Nations Disorm

NEW YORK Sept. rs tAP) The Soviet reasserted
last night it will Internationally accept Western proposals
for control measures the West accepts Premier Krshchevs
program for general and complete disarmament.
The Soviet position forth in a memorandum for
warded to the President the Nations
Evening star., 1961-09-25
West Wins Tug of War
For RefugeeWomon, TT

BERLIN. Sept. Is (AP) "A
77-year-old woman hung from
a second-story window on the
border between East and West
Berlin. Communist police tug
ged at her hands, a West Ber-
liner at her feet.
Finally, she fell into a West
Berlin fire net unharmed.
A photographer recorded the
scene yesterday at Bernauer-
Picture m pooa Al
Evening star., 1961-09-25

Strasse, one of the streets
where the houses are in East
Berlin and the sidewalk in
the West.
West Berlin police refused to
give the woman's name, but
they told this story:
Early in the morning, Com
munist peoples police came
Evening star., 1961-05-09
Question for Full Court

The extraordinary Importance Of
the case justified the decision by the
Maryland Court of Appeals to have the
Potomac fishing compact suit heard by
the full bench of seven judges. The
Governors Of Maryland and Virginia
and the Supreme Court are watching
with interest the litigation over the
validity of the compact which the
Legislatures of both States have ap-
proved. If ratification of the compact
is indefinitely delayed or permanently
blocked, the Supreme Court faces the
unwelcome task of considering the whole
question of MarylandVirginia relations
with respect to use of the river.
It was to avert having to rule on
Maryland's unilateral reputation of an
ancient fishing compact that the
Supreme Court assigned retired Justice
Stanley Reed to try to work out an
agreement between Maryland and Vir-
ginia on a new compact. The proposed
new compact finally was accepted by
Governor Almond of Virginia and
Governor Tawes of Maryland and by
the General Assembly Of each State.
Buff Southern Maryland fisherwen
challenged the validity Of referendum
Evening star., 1961-05-09

which approved the pact, because they
said the referendum was not properly
advertised. The conStitutionality if the
compact itself also was challenged.
Five judges of the Court of Appeals
which is Maryland'S highest tribunal
heard testimony in the case recently,
but decided the issues raised should be
placed before the full court. The fisher
mems suit therefore will be reargued.
If the compact should be ruled invalid,
all the work of Referee Reed and of a
bi-State advisory commission will have
been in vain. And the chances of
getting new agreement between the
two States will have become very slim
indeed.
Evening star., 1961-05-09
Fiqht for Survival

For those Of us who, even on rare
occasions, derive pleasure from the
theater, there is sadness and something
Of shock in the New York reports
that the make-believe world of Broad
way may be threatened with extinction.
Yet this, according to Professor
o. Glenn Saxon of Yale University, who
has intensively studied the situation,
is not overStating the truth. The basic
problem, as he explains it, is that the
theater has been caught in the spiral
of ever-increasing costs and prices.
Despite Sky-high ticket prices, profits
have diminished, as have, from the
halcyon days Of the '20s, the number
Of theaters, the number of productions
and the number of customers. Over
the last 80 years, he says, annual
Broadway attendance has declined from
1873 million to 81 million, in the face
Of 46 per cent increase in the national
population and 355 per cent rise in
disposable personal income.
And now, Professor Saxon warns,
drastic economic relief must come If
Broadway is to survive as "a free,
private, competitive enterprise" Accord
ingly, the foremost leaders Of virtually
every phase of the industry have
pleaded with Mayor Wagner to eliminate
per cent city tax on theater tickets,
and they have urged Congress to
similarly forgive the 10 per cent Federal
tax.
Because of Broadway'S value to New
York, no doubt the city fathers will
give full and ample consideration to
their portion of the request. Perhaps,
in view of the fact that the American
theater is one of the few in the world
which is not now subsidized, Congress
also should give the matter it's attention.
If these things are done, however,
it would seem to us that the stars, the
authors and the technicianS, through
their various guilds and unions, would
have moral obligation also to scale
down their own extravagant demands.
Indeed, this might well be made a
condition. For if labor costs are to
continue to rise in the future as they
have in the past, any public relief
would be temporary, and M the long
run Of dubious value.
Evening star., 1961-05-09
In Prother's Memory

Friday, May 5, was both a
good and a bad day for the
United States Navy.
Comdr. Alan B. Shepard, jr.,
as virtually everyone knows
now, was "A-OK."
1t. Comdr. Victor A. Prather,
as undoubtedly far fewer peo-
pie know, was dead. After ris-
ing to a record height Of 49,
500 feet in a balloon, he was
fatally injured in a. 25-foot
fall from the sling of a rescue
helicopter.
Both these men had done
their very best in the finest
traditions of the naval serv-
ice. Awards, public acclaim
and a place in history are
the just due of Comdr. Shep-
ard. But the chances are
that, except for his family,
relatives and friends, 1t.
Comdr. Prather may soon be
forgotten.
Nothing can be done to
alter the tragic loss for Mrs.
Prather and her small chill
dren, Maria Lee, 6, and Vic
tor A. Prather III, 3. Still,
1t. Comdr. Prather's service
to his country and his per-
sonal courage and sacrifice
by far exceeded the duties of
a flight surgeon.
Awarding him the Navy
Cross posthumously in a suit
able ceremony is certainly in
order. Also the naming of a
Navy ship or installation
after 1t. Comdr. Victor A.
Prather might in a small way
temper the cruelty and irony
of these events for his next
of kin and serve as public
notice that within the Navy
his name will be remembered,
j. L, w.
Evening star., 1961-05-09
Next Crisis Spot?

Another cold war crisis spot on the
circumference of the Communist world,
this time in Iran, appears to be devel-
oping today.
The frankeSt admission of trouble
comes from Premier designate Ali
Amini, who consented only a few days
ago to head new government in
Teheran. A former Iranian ambassador
to the United States, DR.. Amini chose
a nationwide radio broadcast to warn
his country-aS well as it's friends and
foeS-that Iran is on the brink of
complete economic breakdown. The
blame, he said, lies with incompetent
and traitorouS" public officials who
have miSuSed government funds, wasted
national resources and ignored the laws
relating to appropriations and public
finances.
For Iran to have either internal
economic or political problems, or both,
is not new. In both areas, periodic
crises and instability have marked the
country's history since World War II.
Programs for social and economic
reforms have been supported by Shah
Reza Pahlevi, but accomplishment has
been relatively meager. Iran has re-
ceived both military and economic aid
from the United States, but Dr. Amini'S
charge indicates that effectiveness of
the latter, at least, has been minimized
by maladminiStration on the part of the
Teheran government itself.
A collapse of the Iranian economic
structure would result in conditions
most inviting to the neighboring Soviet
Union. Even from the time of the
Cars, Iran has been an avowed target
Of RUSSIA pathway to the Persian
Gulf and the heartland of the Middle
East. In a recent interview with U. S.
News and World Report, the Shah
pointed out that Should the SovietS
ever control Iran, they would have the
key to domination of the entire Middle
East" In that same interview, the
Shah emphasized his own belief that
continued American military aid is
most essential. 1--WE don't want to be
neutralized," he told the interviewer,
while recalling that the Soviet Union in
the recent past had offered massive
economic aid" in return for Trans
withdrawal from its present commit
ment to the West. 1t is a charter
member Of the Communist Central
Treaty Organization.
For our part, we have done much
outside Of the assistance measured in
dollars support the Shah'S own
determination in the postwar years to
keep his country out of Soviet control
or influence. Only a few weeks ago,
rowing Ambassador Averell Hartman
visited Teheran to reassure the Shah
that the Kennedy administration will
continue to support the country'S inde-
pendence. 1t is evident from DR.. Amini'S
warning, however, that Iran itself,
through determined reorganization of
its own government, must set its inter-
nal house in order If it is to have the
strength to avoid naturalization or worse.
Evening star., 1961-05-09

Allen Dulles'S categorical
denial of CIA completely
in the Algerian insurrection
merits some regard: He has
not, after all, made a prac-
tice Of issuing hypocritical
dement's. Lincoln Whites re-
iteration, however, diminishes
rather than increases its
credibility, for just a year
ago Mr.. White was insisting
There was no deliberate
attempt to violate Soviet air
space and there never has
been."
Stephen H. Patterson, jr.
Editors Note: At the time
he issued the statement, Mr..
White had not been informed
Of the real facts of the Incl
dent.)
Evening star., 1961-05-09
Soviet Space Curtain

Can the Russians match
the great moral courage dis
played by our scientists, our
workers, and our space man
at Cape Canaveral in being
willing to risk everything
right out in public for all the
world to witness? They most
aSSuredly cannot. Instead,
the Russians do their alleged
great works in secret with
only the word Of Commu-
nists-whose creed is to lie
whenever it suits their prop
aganda purposes as eye
witnesses.
A way Of life in which the
rulers are so obseSsed with
fear Of failure and loss Of
face is a way of life which is
so lacking in moral courage
that it will eventually fail. In
the meantime, however, we
must guard against their very
real military power which
they so egotistically paraded
and televised from Moscow
on May Day. On that same
day, however, meat and gas
oline were not obtainable in
that city Of 7 million people,
and there are only 2 gas sta
tions in Moscow. Here in the
Washington area, with only
" the population, there are
about $500 gas stations and
all the meat you can ever
want to eat.
A way Of life which denies
its people even the necessi-
ties of modern life is a way
of life scarcely worth living.
All we need to do, with NOR
al courage bucking us up such
as was displayed at Cape
Canaveral, is to beef up our
own military power and show
the Communists that we
mean business and will use
our power If necessary, and
the threat of war in our time
will disappear from the
earth. But we must change
our easy-going ways and be-
come really tough, for we are
dealing with international
gangsters and thugs who like
to bluff and bully people into
giving UP without a fight.
Robert A. Mullen.
Evening star., 1961-05-09

confess heresy and suffer
punishment.
Such a social troglodyte
must be taught the hard way
that thrift imperils the ma
tional economy; independ-
ence Is Subversion and self
reliance is a mortal sin for
which there is no forgiveness
in paternal Washington.
Miniver X. Chevy.
Evening star., 1961-05-09
Astronout's Homecominq

4OSeG1ler WlCQ his raQlanC Wl1e ana
other members of his family, Com
mander Alan B. Shepard, jr., has won
the heart Of this capital city and of
the country at large. He has done so
not only because of the triumph of his
suborbital flight in space, but also
because of all the fine poiSe, good
humor, high intelligence and becoming
modeSty he has displayed here through
out day of fast-moving and intimately
televiSed events staged in his honor.
The most important of these events,
OF course, has been Commander
Shepard'S visit to the White House to
receive from President Kennedy the
Distinguished Service Medal of the
National AeronauticS and Space Admin
iStration-an award affirming that
His flight as the first United States
aStronaut was an outstanding contri-
button to the advancement of human
knowledge" His response to this, as
one Of Project Mercury's team of seven
aStronautS, is in a sense a measure of
the man. AS he has put it, II am very
mindful of the honor which has been
bestowed on me, an honor which really
should go to the hundreds who made
my flight possible"
Commander Shepard has made the
same point at his hour-long news
conference. And another point he has
made, among many interesting ones,
has come in response to a question
asking him whether he could have been
put into suborbital flight before the
orbital flight of Soviet Major Yuri
Gagarin. The answer is yes. eve could
have gone lot earlier" he has said,
having in mind our chronological capa-
bilities. Even so,o he has emphasized
that he and his six fellow astronautS
are in complete agreement that the
timetable of Project Mercury is sound
and that NASA has shown common
sense in having decided against rushing
the program just for the sake of trying
to put an American first in orbit,
regardless of costs or risks.
AS for the long range future,
Commander Shepard has left no room
for doubt as to his own conviction that
man is going to go'places in space-far
out. James E. Webb, chief OF NASA, has
given voice to the same view, pointing
out that the Saturn booster will be
test-flown this year and that it will
have thrust 20 times that Of the 10000
pound thrust of the RedStone missile
that lifted up the Shepard Mercury
capsule. Further, in introducing Astro-
naut Shepard to the news conference,
Mr.. Webb has referred to far more
tremendous weight Iifter-the Nova,
whose first stage is estimated at 100
times the RedStone, and we are already
testing one of its engines"
Mr.. Webb also has had this to say:
"If we are to have our spectacular
successes, openly arrived at, with ever
larger and ever more complex rockets,
the early test flights :. will involve
some spectacular failures. In the
drama of the countdown, we will never
know which it is to be. To the
space scientist and engineer, however,
they will provide the knowledge, the
experimental proof Of technology we
cannot fail to master and still survive"
Commander Shepard, together with all
the other Mercury astronautS, undoubt-
edly agrees.
Evening star., 1961-05-09

tive against otherwise usually
fatal pernicious anemia. It
long had been recognized
that liver, as a whole, was a
valuable food in various
blood conditions. Now, it ap-
pears, the major effective
ness is concentrated in this
one vitamin.
Determination of how 1t
works has just been an
nounced by the National Sci
ence Foundation. This re-
suited from experimental
work by DR.. H. A. Becker of
the University of California.
His work was under founda-
tion sponsorship. The re-
search shows, according to
the foundation report, that
inside the body the vitamin
is changed into a So-called
coenzyme. This combines
with a protein to make up
an engine, a body chemical
which initiates and is neces-
Sary for the continuance Of
various physiological reac-
tions without itself entering
into them.
Promotes Carbon Transfer
This particular engine, 1t
was found, initiates and pro-
notes transfer of carbon
from one to another amino
acid. The aminos, nitrogen
containing acids of which
about II are considered es-
Sential to life, make up the
proteins of the blood.
Any exposure to light, it
was found, destroys the &C
tivity Of the coenzyme.
This is at least a good
start, the report says, in
clearing up the mechanism
Of one Of the most complex
Of physiological reactions, al
though much remains to be
done before there is a COM
plete picture.
In other biological research
programs, the foundation an
nounces, ways are being de-
veloped for altering the
structure of biological mole
cules, and thus altering their
physical, chemical and physi-
illogical characteristics from
those laid down by nature.
This may well give man un-
dreaHSd Of control oveS all
life, including his own.