davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-06-20
Tunnel Solution

AT long last, firm decision ap-
parently has been made that the traffic
tunnel and freeway in the vicinity of the
Lincoln Memorial should be built wholly
with Federal funds. This is entirely ap-
propriate, for great deal Of the expense
OF this project will be required not to
meet the needs of city traffic, but to
protect one of the nations most
cherished monuments.
The fact that this decision has been
made, however, by no means constitutes
q gift to the District. For the money,
1t appears, will be deducted from the
regular Federal highway aid funds to
which the District, along with the States,
Is already entitled.
The problem now to be worked out
is whether the expense should be
charged against the annual allotmentS
OF aid funds to the District for inter
state highways, or against those for
the so-called primary" roads. There
are substantial arguments on either side.
If time Is crucial, then the advan-
tage Is on the side of using interstate
funds, since these are available each
year in much larger quantity than
primary funds. On the other hand, the
precedent of paying for the project
entirely with interstate aid funds does
not yet exist. And even II the legality
Is upheld, the use of these funds would
require a deferral of interstate prof.
ects elsewhere in the city. According to
highway officials, the city could better
afford to defer some of it's primary road
improvements, which are paid for on
$3.50 matching basis. The deferral of
the primary road Improvements would
also enable the District to postpone,
until it is in better financial condition,
the expenditure of matching funds.
The eventual answer, however, may
be determined by still another question:
Whether the project will be designed
and built by the District or by the
National Park Service. Other things
being equal, we would prefer to see the
Park Service have the job, since its
interests in preserving the esthetic
values Of the Lincoln Memorial area
necessarily will be dominant. Indeed,
all this delay and confusion would have
been avoided If the administration and
the Congress had agreed in the first
place, as they should have, to finance
the project entirely through Federal
appropriation to the Park Service
budget.
Evening star., 1961-06-20
Transit Trend a Farce

Dream-drawings Of transit
for the year 1000 are a vivid
throwback to Alice-in- Won
derland. Sandwiched in be-
tween enormous slices of con-
crete, the electric railway
running in the shade of trees
long since gone reminds us
that every dark cloud has a
silver lining and things are
not what they seem. In rela-
ton to the efficient move
ment Of persons, this mysti-
cal marriage of rail and road
is grotesque. It's advocacy by
highway planners raises it
several notches to the level
of the laughable. Unfortu-
nately, its advocates cannot
afford to laugh at their own
joke on public transit. The
act must be carried along by
the straight men. No one
dares crack a smile at the
slapstick highway farce.
In relation to the move
ment of persons. the giant
freeway is the most inflexible
of all urban transport sys-
TENS. In relation to the move
ment of persons, street rail-
way operation is far more
flexible than the highway.
Perhaps that is why the sab
otage of rail transit in Wash
ington has enjoyed top pri-
ority among the enemies Of
public transit here.
Minimum highway effici-
ency demands arterial inflex-
ibility. In order to move
large numbers Of space-con-
suming vehicles, the freeway
must take on the character
iSticS of a rigid-walled tun-
mel, severely curtailing exit,
egress, and even vehicular
hesitation. Geared to the
movement of vehicles and not
persons, the freeway cannot
afford the luxury of frequent
stops. In ntersecti)n and
switch-off points can con-
sumo as much as 100 acres of
valuable urban land. e.g., the
intersection of the Capital
beltway and the Shirley high
way.
Rigid inflexibility alone en-
ables the urban freeway to
accommodate its vehicles. Un-
like rail transit lines, the
freeway must necessarily
avoid populous areas. Dream
drawings which combine rail-
way and freeway are ludi-
crous. In the most extreme
sense they are grotesque Carl
catures. They lie! The entry
of a freeway depopulates an
area because it commanders
valuable space in an area
which it cannot serve. The
consequent dislocation of peo-
pie and businesses generates
tragic problems for the cities.
That is why scholars like
Lewis Mumford have pointed
to the dreary highway waste
Evening star., 1961-06-20
Walkers 'OHense'

According to Doris FleeSon,
Mai. Gen. Edwin A. Walk
er's loss of command ends
a long era of "extremism."
Now that President Kennedy
has given the "go-ahead"
sign to crack down on of
tenders" like Gen. Walker
and Admiral Arleigh Burke,
the President and the Secre-
tary of the Army will get
credit for nerve" and power
of decision"
Gen. Walkers "extremism"
consisted of his attempt to
alert his troops to the ways by
which AmericanS-careleSSly
or otherwiSe-sometimeS aid
the cause of our enemy. Ad-
miral Burke's "offenSe" also
stems from the heinous crime
of being an out-spoken anti
Communist, dedicated to the
belief that in order to pro-
tect our country, Americans
must be fully alerted to the
true face of communism.
If we ever expect to turn
the tide that is running with
such force against us, our
leaders are going to have
to demonstrate some nerve"
in the other direction. In
stead of trying to humiliate,
chastise and shush every pa
triotic voice, such responsible
and devoted Americans must
be encouraged by our Gov
ernment to take every oppor-
tunity to try to strengthen
American determination to
stand firm. Let our Govern
ment boot out some Of those
who are preaching "inevita-
bility."
Lila D. SOnnemann
Evening star., 1961-06-20
DEALING With Cuba

SENATOR MORSE recently
said that the United States
must maintain a policy Of
"hands-off" Cuba because the
Cuban people will get rid Of
Castro in IL or 18 months.
Senator Morse, as a mem
ber of the Foreign Relations
Committee, must know very
well what the Communist sys-
tenn is, how it works and
what happens in a country
under a Communist regime,
like the one Cuba is suffer-
ing under now.
I think Mr.. Morse was
thinking about Castro as a
military dictator like BatiSta
or Perez Jimenez, but not as
a Communist dictator. Mr..
Morse has to remember what
happened in Hungary, Tibet
and other countries. Never in
the past 10 years could a
country under a Communist
system get rid of its dictators
without the support of a for
eign country.
The United States is the
leader of the Free World and
has the sacred and moral OBJ
legation Of protection of all
the nations of this world,
especially those of Latin
America. for what they rep
resent to the internal secur-
ity.
The people Of the United
States must understand this:
if this country does not de-
stroy Castro in a few
months, he will subvert all
Latin American countries and
they will fall into commu-
nism no matter how many
United States dollars are
spent in them. Communism
is not only a problem of dol
lars, and Cuba is the example
of what will happen in Amer
lea in the very near future
If Castro remains in power.
Juan l. Rivero.
Z = -
Have we become such a
Nation of sheep that no ef-
fective voice can be raised
against the spectacle Of pri-
vate citizens attempting to
negotiate blackmail terms
with a foreign government?
Where are our legislators?
Jack Bell. in The Evening
Star says, "Mr. Kennedy. :.
took a hand in forming the
Tractors for Freedom"
Committee" We have read
before that he had taken a
hand privately" But the
only weight the President
can lend to any public prof.
ect is the official weight of
his office. No man can act
publicly in this country both
Evening star., 1961-06-20

so that more teachers for
kindergarteners and slow
learners could be hired; so
diversified and split level
classes could be reduced in
number; so part-time classes
could be abolished; and so
that textbooks and library
book supplies could be
brought up to date and
furnished in sufficient variety
and quantities.
The chief reason why we
need funds for these purposes
is that for several years the
District Subcommittee of the
House Committee on Appro-
priations has repeatedly re-
fused to make available to
the District the entire Fed
eral payment it has been
authorized to allow. The sub
committee has said that the
District has not needed the
full allotment. It has now
been hearing from citizens
testimony that establishes the
fact that the subcommittee
was mistaken-that the funds
were critically needed. The
figures presented above sup
port the citizens contentious.
These facts have been re-
peatedly presented before the
subcommittee in the past.
They have persuaded mem
bers of the Senate District
Subcommittee on Appropria-
tions that full payment was
urgently needed. However,
Senators have always been
forced to yield in conferences
to the intranSigeance OF their
opposite numbers in the
House in. refusing to permit
the full use of authorized
resources.
Will the House Subcommit-
tee recognize its own respon-
sibility for existing conditions
and alter it's position? That
is the crucial question.
Harry B. Merican.
Evening star., 1961-06-20
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Castro could not afford to
execute them.
I hope that the American
public will think twice be-
fore they decide to bow down
to Castro and Russia again.
We have a second chance now
that he has rejected the orig
inal offer, and it's not often
that we get second chances!
r. w. Clarke
Evening star., 1961-06-20

as President and as a private
citizen, according to will. AS
long as he holds the office of
President he acts as President
on behalf of the people who
elected him. Do we, the
people. want to pay blackmail
to Castro? I do not, most
emphatically.
Ruth d. Boyer.
Instead of giving Castro
$26 million 1 would give him
26,000,000 machine gun bull
lets in the teeth.
Politicians, fancy pants
editorial writers and bungling
or SubverSive bureaucratS,
take note: The temper of the
American people is rising.
I should like to incorporate
in our National Anthem the
line from the Flemish ma
tional anthem, changing the
word Flemish" to "Ameri-
can." viz: Flemish blood, rise
and boil"
American blood, rise and
hOilI
Boiling American.
\ y -
Now that Fidel Castro has
rejected his original %ran-
som" in favor Of a trade Of
considerably more value,
what are we going to do?
I have thought from the
beginning, when his original
offer was made. that it was
completely ridiculous. I am
even more firm in this belief
now. If we, the United States,
give in to Castro we will low
er ourselves to depths from
which we will have a hard
time recovering. In the first
place, Fidel Castro is simply
an overgrown bully who is
playing with one Of the big
powers of the world, but like
all bullies, when you stand
up to them, their strength
and bravery suddenly turns
to cowardlineSs and fades
away. In the second place,
Castro is a tool of the Krem-
lin (surely, everyone knows
thisD and if we give in to
him, we are giving in to COM
munism. Can we afford to
do this? I think not!
On the other hand, what
is to happen to the prison.
ers If we do not pay for their
freedom? There has been
so much worldwide publicity
over this matter, I'm sure
Evening star., 1961-06-20
Answers to Questions
By THE HASKINS SERVICE

@. What is the name Of
the slanting line / that is
often used in printing frac-
tionS?-W. B.
A. Solidus and virgule are
names for a line of this kind.
@. How long is the Colum-
bia River?-P. B.
A. From its source In
Columbia Lake. British Co
lumbia, the river flows from
1,214 miles before it empties
into the Pacific Ocean. The
Upper Columbia, from its
source to the mouth Of Snake
River, is 800 miles.
Evening star., 1961-06-20

cialistic, and while he has not
pinned a Socialist label on
President Kennedy, he has
named three of the Presidents
advisers as having SocialiStic
beliefs intellectually social
istic." They are Walter w.
Heller, chairman Of Mr.. Ken
nedy's Council of Economic
Advisers; j. Kenneth Gal
braith, United States AmbaS-
Sador to India, and Arthur
SchleSinger, jr.. special assist
ant to the President. OBJ
viously the Republican leader
ship will be able to count on
support from the Texas Sen
ator in its opposition to most.
if not all, of the Kennedy
domestic program-far more,
indeed, than it can count on
some of the so-called liberal
Republican Senators.
For Moderate Rights Policy
Civil rights Senator Tower
does not consider a partisan
political issue. He pointed out
that Democratic Senators
from the South who go along
with the Kennedy admin
istration's welfare programs,
with the Kennedy demands
for bigger and bigger and
more and more centralized
government, do not go along
either with him or Northern
Democrats who insist on pres
sing integration on Southern
and other States with great
speed. In his opinion, the
wiSest approach to this issue
is more moderation. In that
respect, he will find himself
in opposition to the group of
Republicans who go along
with the more radical Demo-
Gratis of the North.
During his televesion inter-
view on Meet The Press"
Senator Tower was pressed
to admit he in reality belongs
to a small, hard-core group
of Republican conservatives
and that the majority of his
party is more progressive.
The Texan declined to admit,
however, that the conServa-
tives are in minority in the
COP. Instead, he said he
believed that the majority
of Republicans today are to
the right of center, and that
the country itself is showing
conservative tendencies as
it becomes aware of the i'm
plications of the Kennedy
New Frontier program, with
its heavy costs, more con-
trols and continued high
taxes.
When Senator Tower was
asked about probable can
didates for the COP. preSi-
dental nomination in 1864,
he said he thought it far too
early to conjecture-that at
tention must be centered now
on the congressional cam
paigns Of next year. Admit
ting that his own views run
more on all fours with those
of Senator Goldwater, the
present conservative hope
for the presidency. Senator
Tower said he could not sup
port some Of the programs
advanced by Gov. Rockefeller.
He did not say, however, that
if the New Yorker should
be the presidential nominee
in 1864 he would not support
him for election-nor did he
say he would not support
Mr.. Nixon, should the latter
be nominated.
Evening star., 1961-06-20

lands as symbol Of the death
of the cities.
Testifying before Con-
gress, a spokesman for the
American Institute of Ar
chitects confirmed the same
judgment: "Freeways are
great users of land and de-
stroyerS of values" [Staff
Report, Joint Committee on
Washin G ton Metropolitan
Problems. Congress Of the
United States, July 1860, p.
81. When Mr.. Stolzenbach
of the Transit Agency at
tackled the highway system
for erecting Chinese walls
District Highway Director
Aitken rose in righteous
wrath with the unctuous re-
minder that "freeways have
helped eliminate unsightly
slums and blighted areas
where they have been con-
structed in the Southwest
and other parts of the Dis
trict." 1.-THE Sunday Star,
March IL, 1861, p. B-8]. The
reduction to rubble of South
west Washington for the
profit of powerful specula-
tors has not solved the root
problem of poverty and ig-
norance.
Having effectively sabot-
aged existing rail facilities,
the enemies Of public transit
can indulge their whimsy in
the dream-drawings of elec-
trio cars in tree-lined malls
amid freeways. What hypo-
crisy! The Gay Nineties"
melodrama tied the hero to
the railroad tracks. Today's
highwaymen shackle the
railway to their ridiculous
asphalt prairies. Tied to the
limitless expanse of paved
freeway, the superior flexi-
bility of the railway as the
most efficient mover Of per-
sons is kept carefully camou-
flaged. No Samson was ever
more thoroughly emascu-
lated. No Delilah was ever
more delighted. What q gro
tesque charade!
Mark A. Lillis
Evening star., 1961-06-20

use-in otherwise adequate
buildings.
During the current year,
more than 10000 pupils were
in buildings that were over
populated to some degree
more than $4,000 in buildings
overloaded by at least Is per
cent. More than 1900 of these
children were in schools so
overcrowded that part time
shifts had to be employed.
The outlook for next year in
this respect, is little better.
Furthermore, at least 394
children were put on kinder
garten waiting lists-ie., de-
prived Of a learning expert
ence that would help them
in meeting educational prob
lens in the future. For these
children, an opportunity to
prepare for primary-gr in
struction that might keep
them from the ranks of the
substandard performers has
been irretrievably lost.
Furthermore, there were
thousands of pupils who did
not have up-to-date text
books, in usable condition, in
sufficient quantities so that
they could be taken home for
additional study.
In addition to these short
ages of facilities, there was
a shortage of teachers-and
more than one-fourth of the
teachers who were available
could not qualify for perma-
nent status.
How, under these circum-
stances could the District
school system possibly provide
sound education for 117,000
children?
The chief reason for all
these conditions is a lack of
funds to, construct schools
with adequate sites and full
Notwithstanding kinder
garten space: to raise salary
levels so that fully qualified
teachers could be attracted;
Evening star., 1961-06-20
THE POLITICAL MILL
Southern Accent Invodes G. 0. P.
By GOULD LINCOLN

It is still a novelty to hear
Republican doctrine preached
in a soft Southern accent.
But it is becoming increas-
ingly more frequent as the
COP. gains ground in the
old "Solid South" Texas new
Senator, John G. Tower, the
first Republican ever to carry
Texas in a Statewide elec-
ton Except presidential can
didateS Herbert Hoover and
Dwight D. Eisenhower is the
latest G. o. P. representative
in Congress. Senator Tower,
appearing Sunday on Meet
The Press" a television show
broadcast by NBC, freely ad-
mitted there were unusual
circumstances in the recent
campaign which ended in his
election to fill the seat form
erly occupied by Vice Presi-
dent Lyndon johnson. He
added, however, that the Re-
publican Party in Texas is
on the march, that in the
campaign it had made a hard
drive to build up precinct
and block organizations and
that it had paid off hand
Somely in urban districts, like
Houston and Dallas. He did
not claim that Texas has be-
come completely a two-party
State, but he insisted the Re-
publicanS have made real
gains there and will make
more.
Senator Tower, the young
est member of the Senate
in his 30S, is a former DEM
ocrat and a former college
professor Of political science.
AS in his campaign, he made
it clear he is a conservative,
and that his political beliefs
run more along the lines Of
those advanced by Senator
Barry Goldwater of Arizona
than those of either former
Vice President Nixon or Gov.
Rockefeller of New York. AS
he stated his philosophy of
government, his comments
were reminiscent Of the doc
trines preached by former
President Eisenhower on
many occasions. AS a matter
of fact, there is an under
lying Republican philosophy
of government, which shows
the leaders of the party more
in accord than many observ-
ers admit. AS Senator Tower
himself admits, the variance
comes in special programs
advanced.
Able IN Discussion
For the next five-and-a-
half years, Texas will be rep
resented in the Senate in
part by a Republican. How he
handles himself and how the
major political parties fare
during that period will de-
termine whether Senator
Tower is to have a chance OF
reelection and to prove that
his election is not just a flash
in the political pan. He al
ready has demonstrated he is
quick and able in his discus
sion of public questions and
that he is not boaStful. As
q new Senator and the first
from his State with a Repub-
lican label in "a years. he
cannot avoid the spotlight.
He already has demon
strated he will be a strong
opponent of the Kennedy
New Frontier program. In
fact, he has charged that
parts of the program are So
Evening star., 1961-06-20

Pen names may be used u
letters carry tDrtters' correct
names and addresses. AH let
tiers are subject to condenSG-
tion. Those not used tDill be
returned only Dhen accom-
panied by self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-06-20
Wise Commuter

For those people who are
interested In subur b a n
sprawl, urban renewal, and
space travel, ! had an inter-
esting observation this week.
Coming to work on Tuesday
between $3.50 and 8, I saw a
man walking as fast as the
traffic was moving between
the Pentagon Annex and the
14th Street Bridge; this is a
distance of 0.9 of a mile.
I was in the fast lane"
Bun B. Bray, jr.
The Chronicle star the Moss Point advertiser., 1961-10-27

Lumber, 919. Team series -
Jax, 1853; Pop n Son, 1862,
and City Lumber, 2496.
Standings:
The Chronicle star the Moss Point advertiser., 1961-10-27
Eagles battle Virgins gg
in game Of the year.

Monday the Eagles devoted
most of their time getting ac-
customed to the new offensive
plays that Patrick has devised.
In addition. they watched The
films of last weeks game. and
are working on their mistakes.
Tuesday the main objective
again was offense. Half an
hour was spent on watching
the "old-timers" run through
most of the Tomcats' power
plays and passes.
Wednesdays session was
spent on working on pass de-
fense, and in general, an over
all practice-offense as well as
defense.
Thursday the team dressed
out in shorts, ran plays and
worked on punting and field
goal kicking.
With the unusual total Of
1914 yards racked up in the
Eagles last two games, they
will be trying to add more
against Virgins.
Patrick said. This IS per-
haps our game Of the year. My
boys have waited all season for
this one and they are really
going TO be in there fighting.
This has been shown IN the
fight and hustle put forth IN
practice. Of course. the boys
realize that they can't under
estimate Virgins. one Of the
best teams in the conference.
and it is going TO be rough
going to whip 'em."
Showing fine running abil-
tiles last week was halfback
Johnny Farragut and fullback
Mike Anderson. Maybin Har-
key exhibited good pass-catch-
ing and running.
The Ozzie Bosarge-to-Monte
Moncrief passing combination
The Chronicle star the Moss Point advertiser., 1961-10-27

spanked again last week, and
the Eagles pose a definite pass
ing threat. Finding his favorite
target covered most Of the
time, Bosarge was compelled
to throw to someone else.
Harkey and Farragut took
Bosarge's passes and racked
up considerable yardage, and
points, thus making the pass
ing attack Of the Eagles val
liable. The Eagle backs are
hard to contain on the ground
too. Again, as IN previous con-
tests, each man in the back
field scored at least one touch
down, Anderson with two.
The Virgins Tomcats are in
the same category as the Ea-
giles, with a strong passing at
tack, and a potential scoring
threat from each man IN the
backfield. The passing attack,
led by quarterback Buck Tay-
lor, has been exceptionally
strong. His targets are two
ends Bobby Regan and Mike
Black.
Glenn Harris and Bruce
Walker played outstanding
football last week and are ex-
pected 10 carry a heavy load
Of line and downfield block
ing for the Eagles.
The probable starting line
up Of the Eagles will be:
Quarterback Ozzie Bosarge;
halfbacks Harkey, Farragut
and Moncrief, with Anderson
at fullback.
Al the center position will
be Glenn Harris. He will be
thanked by guards Walker and
Steve Stiglets. Tackles will be
Jerry Snyder and Wayne Har-
ris, and at ends will be Merlin
Wagner and Claude Brown.
The Chronicle star the Moss Point advertiser., 1961-10-27

Copper mines are being
worked in Mauritania, in north
west Africa.
The Chronicle star the Moss Point advertiser., 1961-10-27

thers turned in their best per-
Torrance of the season against
fighting Laurel squad.