davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-12-03
Use of Criminals

Herr Liberman is an outstand-
ing example of criminal elements
used in the service of the Soviet
spy system in East Berlin. He
has a 16-year criminal record
which includes kidnapping, jail
breaking, theft, and murder. From
1945 until 1948 Liberman lived
in Vienna and Paris, where he
pursued his nominal trade of
tailor and his actual profession
as a criminal specializing in theft
and counterfeiting. During this
period he served two jail terms
for theft.
In 1948 he went to Berlin where
French authorities arrested him
in 1949 for counterfeiting. In
April, 1851, while serving out his
sentence in a West Berlin jail
with an American sentence for
false Recommendation pending), he
sawed through the bars and es-
capped to East Berlin.
In East Berlin Liberman estab-
lished a working arrangement
with the East German intelligence
Evening star., 1961-12-03

ton, gets a notorious pushing
around in Congress.
But as in the case of any member
Of the House who rises to commit
tee prominence, Mr.. Taber's role
as a national figure dealing with
the business of the Nation first
and his State and district next has
been inevitable.
Mr.. Taber, looking back at
nearly four decades on Capitol
Hill, must have his fond memories
tarnished at least a bit by fruStra-
ton.
During the two two year
stretches he served as Appropria-
Evening star., 1961-12-03

Secretary of the Soviet Embassy
service. In return for professional
services for the regime, including
three kidnapings and two at
tempted murders, he received pro-
lection for his illegal activities.
Liberman was able to build up
an illegal trade complex through
access to underworld circles in
practically every country which
operated directly with the East
German Trade Organization.
AS a result of these varied &C
tivities, Liberman is currently
wanted by the West Berlin police,
the West German police and In
terpol.
At present Liberman maintains
offices and residences in East
Berlin. He usually deals directly
with ranking officers in the East
German, Polish and Soviet in
telligence services and is report
edly in close contact with Gen.
Fruck, deputy chief of the East
German Ministry for State Sc
curity. Liberman's primary use
fulneSs to Soviet intelligence serv-
ices lies in his excellent under
world contacts.
Evening star., 1961-12-03

list Of emergency telephone num-
bers, where legal help and bail
money can be found, is given to
each demonstration.
And bail money is considered
just another logistics item. For
the proposed Route 40 Freedom
ride, for example, Baltimore citi-
zens made available $250,000 in
property for bail purposes. They
even had the deeds cleared by city
hall, and certified by notaries to
prove the property was clear of
liens.
But the most important in
gredient in any demonstration,
Mr.. Hobson said, are the demon
stratorS themselves.
I'VE try to make sure that every
one in a CORE sit-in is a mature
person who can take the pressure
of harassment without blowing
up" he said, we've been lucky.
In all the demonstrations we've
Evening star., 1961-12-03
A Financial Watchdog to Leave the Capitol

ticularly we'll and Mr.. Taber was
miffed on more than one occasion
for what he considered White
House snubs.
The Hoover Doys
That four-year interlude aside,
Mr.. Taber never labored as an
influential committee leader in a
time when his firmly held ideas
on economy and the role Of the
Government were really shared at
the White House. When Herbert
Hoover held forth between 1899
and 1882, Mr.. Taber had little
Appropriations Committee senior
ity.
Yet, in spite of these fruStra-
tions, he stuck to the job, on oc-
casion putting presidential wishes
ahead of his own. He fought and
won more military foreign aid for
Mr.. Eisenhower, though many
close to him thought he had per-
sonal reservations.
It may come as a surprise to
those who have caught only short
glimpses of Mr.. Taber in his char
acteristic gruff and curt manner
that he will be missed by COL
leagues of both parties for his
warmth and friendly demeanor.
Mr.. Taber is gruff and curt,
and none know it better than in
quiring reporters. But his fellow
Congressman and staff employees
attest to a gentleneSs and consid-
Grafton for others that he has
preferred to veil. Young New
Workers coming to Congress for
the first time have always been
taken under his wing.
No man can serve 40 years in
Congress without leaving his mark.
Mr.. Taber's has been one of dedi-
cation and integrity, beyond the
millions of dollars he has saved
the taxpayer in his unrelenting
war on waste and muShrooming
government.
But, in the post-depression dec
AIDES of social legislation at home
and giant military and economic
responsibilities abroad, John Ia
ber has been padding his canoe
upstream in a raging flood Of
ideas he could not share.
Evening star., 1961-12-03

blasts Of corybantic or sentimental
music, continually repeated doses
of drama that bring no catharsis,
but merely create a craving for
daily or even hourly emotional
enemas.-Aldous Huxley in The
Perennial Philosophy.
\
In July, 1861, a third of Ameri-
can workers were women; this
represented rise of almost a
million over July of last year,
in a period when employment in
general was slack.
Mr.. James Thurber, asked to
forecast the future, once said that
he could only predict that women
would get larger and that there
would be more of them. Where the
Evening star., 1961-12-03
The Sick Fionce

This is the case of woman
employee of the American forces
in Germany.
Early in 1861, this young
woman (here called Eleanor), an
American citizen, visited the En-
bassy Club in Bonn and met a
man (known here as PauD who
claimed to be a naturalized United
States citizen. Romance de-
veloped and Paul soon began
talking of marriage.
Soon thereafter Paul moved to
West Berlin. A few weeks later,
Eleanor received a telephone call
telling her that her fiance had
been involved in serious auto
mobile accident and was in an
East Berlin hospital.
Eleanor visited the hospital in
East Berlin, and returned home
without incident. One week later
she again flew to Berlin to see
her fiance.
Just before she left the hos
pital, Paul handed her package
containing a roll Of film and
asked her to deliver it to his
West Berlin landlord. AS FL
eanor left the hospital. she was
stopped by the Soviet-controlled
East German Security Police, ar
rested, and charged with espion-
age. Eleanor thereupon was
driven to a private home, stripped,
and forced to undergo a thorough
physical search.
The developed film contained
photographs of East German mil
itary equipment. Eleanor was then
taken to Soviet headquarters
where she was confronted with
Paul. He admitted giving her
the film, but protested that she
had had no knowledge Of its con-
tents.
After several hours of intense
interrogation, Eleanor was allowed
a few minutes alone with Paul.
He told her that ne was EN-
ployed by a Western intelligence
service and was now in serious
trouble. Eleanor was then taken
back to the private home.
Eleanor was introduced to a
Soviet Army Officer, who wasted
no time in offering to release
Paul provided she would steal
coded kilograms on United States
policy from her office. Eleanor
frantically agreed. signed a state
ment of obligation to the Soviet
intelligence service, and was then
escorted to the West Berlin border.
Immediately upon her return
Eleanor reported the entire mat
ter to her superiors.
Investigation by authorities
brought the facts to light. Pauls
claims to American citizenship
were false. He was a Soviet in
telligence agent, under instruc-
tions to lure Eleanor into a COM
promising situation,
The Soviet Army Officer was
Evening star., 1961-12-03

female American worker is con-
cerned his prediction has come
true already. They are larger Cor
at least heavier) because they are
older and their numbers are ris-
ing steadily. At the beginning Of
this century, though American
women were emancipated by the
standards of that time, they made
up only II per cent of the labor
force and less than one-fifth of
American women worked. During
the war against Hitler the propor-
ton went up to nearly 40 per cent
in both cases. There was a drop
after that but the numbers started
to rise again with the Korean
War and have gone on rising
The London Economist.
Evening star., 1961-12-03
By JULES WITCOVER
Contributing Writer

The announcement by Repre-
sentative Taber, Republican OF
New York, that he will retire at
the end Of 1862 after 10 years in
Congress will be lamented by con-
servatives and hailed by liberals,
but all will miss him.
AS a tWo-time chairman Of the
influential House Appropriations
Committee and current ranking
COP. member, the 81-year-old
Mr.. Taber has come to be the i'm
age of economy and anti-bureauc-
racy in Congress.
The man who will take over Mr..
Taber's committee spot. Repre-
sentative Jensen, Republican OF
Iowa, is an nomy-minded con-
servative Of the same cloth, and
it may be in time he will assume
Mr.. Taber's mantle as "the
Watchdog Of the Treasury"
An example Of Mr.. Jensen's ap-
proach to big government was
rider he once attached to appro-
priations bills requiring that every
time several Government employees
retired or died, only a portion of
the vacant jobs would be filled.
The rider later was watered down
and finally dropped.
But Mr.. Taber has carved out
for himself in every session of
Congress since 1923 a reputation
for hard committee work and in
formed opposition to Federal
spending that Mr.. Jensen may not
be able to match Immediately.
Unlike many other House mem
bers, Mr.. Taber has had what
approaches a dedication to the
long, gruelling chores of the APP
preparations Committee, and his
advancing age has not seemed to
change that in the slightest.
He often is a hard man to reach
on Capitol Hill, not because he is
out playing golf or seeing a ball
game, but because he is holed up
in executive sessions of the COM
mittee where the meat and po-
tatoes of congressional money de-
cisions are cooked to a turn.
Some have said this single
mindedness has diminished Mr..
Taber's effectiveness as a legisla-
tor in other fields, notably as the
representative of his own district
in Central New York and as dean
of the New York State G. o. P.
congressional delegation.
A Motter Of Seniority
There is no doubt a younger
man will be able to get around the
home district more, particularly
after 1868 when reapportionment
stretches it about 180 miles across
the State in what Democrats are
calling the most flagrant evidence
Of "Rockymandering."
It is true also that Mr.. Taber'S
position at the head of the largest
Republican State delegation in the
House recently has been built more
or seniority, respect and friend
ship than on vigorous leadership.
New York, despite its representa-
Evening star., 1961-12-03
Ours Is the Age of Noise

The goth century is, among
other things, the age of noise.
Physical noise, mental noise, and
noise of desire-we hold history's
record for all of them. And no
wonder, for all the resources Of
our almost miraculous technology
have been thrown into the cur
rent assault against silence. That
most popular and influential of
all recent inventions, the radio,
is nothing but a conduit through
which prefabricated din can flow
into our homes. And this din goes
far deeper. of course, than the
eardrums. It penetrates the mind,
filling it with a babel of distrac-
tions news items, mutually
irrelevant bits of information,
Evening star., 1961-12-03
IT'S ALMOST SCIENCE
The Rules for Sit-|n Conduct

had through the years, we've never
had a demonstration strike back"
Through experience CORE field
men, have learned it is better to
turn away potential demonstra-
tors who might not hold up un-
der fire.
Students under 18-yearS-old are
told to stay home. Even the l8-
year-olds are not allowed unless
they have their parents consent.
I'VE don't want to be charged
with contributing to the delin-
quency of a minor" Mr.. Hooson
said.
College boys who want to wear
cadet uniforms are also banned.
I'VE don't want to look like a
police force" Mr.. Thomas said.
The rule specifies that demon
strators will be neatly dressed.
Il want the men to wear ties
and suit coats, and the women to
wear skirts, high heels and stock
ings," Mr.. Thomas told the WASH
ington group. I'VE don't want the
slacks and shorts crowd. What
you wear can help demonstrate to
the public that we're different
from the hoodlums who sometimes
come to heckle us"
Demonstrators are told they
must carry enough of their own
money to pay for full meal, II
allowed to eat in a restaurant,
with enough left over to get back
home by public transportation If
other arrangements fail.
And carry some of your money
in Dimes" the experienced Mr..
Thomas added. You might have
to make an emergency telephone
call from the road or somewhere"
No Weapons Allowed
The Freedom Riders are also
warned about what not to carry
with them. No unnecessary items,
is the rule. Particular emphasis
is put on pocket knives and nail
files. Mr.. Thomas explained that
sometimes even a nail file can
be labeled as a concealed weapon.
Besides the briefing sessions,
demonstrators are usually given
mimeographed lists of dos and
don'ts, check lists to indicate their
success in their mission, and
sheets assigning them to specific
projects under specific leaders.
The procedures have evolved
since the organization staged its
first successful round of sit-ins-
demonstrations which opened Chi
cago restaurants to Negroes in
the mid-1940s.
But these same scientific tao
tics which CORE officials con-
slider so effective in arousing pub
lie opinion to their cause, have
been called communist-inspired
methods by some Mississippi leg
iSlatorS.
Mr.. Hobson has said he doesn't
consider the tactics scientific nor
communist-inspired.
They are the best means we
know of breaking down segrega-
tion," he said. I'VE believe that
every individual-even a segre-
gationist has a conscience that
can be appealed to >. and we try
to make that appeal through a
planned demonstration"
Evening star., 1961-12-03
BIockmoiI

The case of Rosalie K. shows
how the Soviet-dominated spy
system uses blackmail to recruit
their agents. At the time of her
arrest on october 10, 1860, she
was secretary in the Federal
Republics Defense Ministry.
FCaulein K. confessed to hav-
ing been an agent of the Main
Administration for Intelligence
of the Soviet-dominated East
German Ministry for State Sc
curity since 1854 and to having
passed classified material to East
Berlin since 1856. She related
that she had undergone an abor-
ton in East Germany in 1854
and was recruited by the MFS
under threat of exposure.
In 1854 she was taken to East
Berlin where she received extern
sive training in clandestine tech
niques, secret writing, radio COM
munications. photography. etc.
With the aid of a fictitious back
ground aid falsified documents,
she obtained a job with the Fed
eral Republics Ministry of De-
fenSe.
She had handled secret and
top secret West German Govern
ment and NATO documents which
she passed to the Soviet Zone
intelligence service in East Ber-
lin.
The information she provided
enabled the West German security
forces to uncover an East German
intelligence operation which was
run from East Berlin and which
included at least six other es-
pionage agents residing in West
Germany. All were arrested and
tried.
Evening star., 1961-12-03

tions Committee chairman there
were men in the White House with
whom he did not see eye to eye.
He was chairman during the 80th
Congress-Harry S. Truman's DO
Nothing" session-and he played
no small part in arousing Mr.. Tru-
mans ire.
The second time was the 83d
Congress, when Gen. Eisenhower
swept a Republican House into
office with him. But although Mr..
EiSenhower's political and eco
nomic views were more palatable to
Mr.. Taber than were Mr.. Tru-
mans, they did not get along par
Evening star., 1961-12-03
BY WILLIAM DUKE
Star Staff Writer

Racial segregation protests have
assumed the formal trappings of
a science.
Young. placard-carrying sit-in
demonstrators can't, Of course,
follow an exact formula. But they
are guided by strict rules and
procedures, the products of Is
years of Sit-ins, arrests, rallies and
occasionally even violence.
The procedures are set mainly
by the Congress of Racial Equal
ity (CORE), the national organ
ization which supplies guidance.
and sometimes cash to carry-on
demonstrations throughout the
county.
mot all sit-ins are sponsored
by CORE. of course" said Julius
w. Hobson Of Washington, "but
more and more groups are begin
ming to realize that CORES meth
ods have proved to be effective"
Mr.. Hobson, Government econ
omist, is the part-time representa-
tive of CORE.
CORES methods range from the
all-embracing philosophy of non
violence" down to the last detail
of what a demonstrator should
wear, how much money he should
carry, and how he should behave
in cellblock."
Nationally, the organization says
it has about $4,000 members, half
of them white. About 5000 are on
the active rolls, having pledged to
go any where they are needed to
lead volunteer demonstrators or
to man potentially dangerous
Freedom Rides.
Abide by CORE Rules
But the vast majority of the
sit-in demonstrators and picketS
who draw attention to segregation
are volunteers who agree to learn
and to abide by CORES tactics.
Such a group met recently at
the All Souls Unitarian Church in
Washington to learn the CORE
method" before being assigned to
a Freedom Ride on U. S. Route 40
in Maryland. This particular ride
later was Cancelled when many Of
the restaurants desegregated but
the deSegregation was considered
incomplete by CORE and further
demonstration was set for later
this month.
At the Washington meeting
which Mr.. Hobson later said is
typical of CORE briefing sessions
- a tall, young college student
spoke to the volunteers like a
battle hardened commander to a
company of green troops,
The veteran" was l9-year-old
Henry Thomas. a Howard Uni
versity student, who served time
in a Jackson (Miss) jail and who
was aboard a Freedom Bus burned
by a mob near Admission. Ala,
last summer.
Most Are Young
After explaining that CORE
didn't expect any violence in
Maryland, Mr.. Thomas said:
But no matter what happens
to you, you are not to strike back
not with your fists or with
words. It may be hard to keep
from saving the things YOU feel
Evening star., 1961-12-03
Red Espionage in Germany
As Described in New U.S. Report

Real-life cloak and dagger spy
stories are told in an official State
Department document released
last week analysizing Communist
espionage activity in East Berlin
and East Germany.
Four cases from the depart
ment's statement:
Evening star., 1961-12-03

identified as the former Second
in Washington, Yevgeniy Alex
Seyevich zaostrovtsev, who had
been unofficially asked to leave
the United States in 1859. Zaos-
trovtsev. it was learned. had
been using East Berlin as a base
for coercing American citizens
into espionage activities.
Evening star., 1961-12-03
Most Are Young

After explaining that CORE
didn't expect any violence in
Maryland, Mr.. Thomas said:
But no matter what happens
to you, you are not to strike back
not with your fists or with
words. 1t may be hard to keep
from saying the things you feel
Evening star., 1961-05-21
HOW 70 ENTER

HOW 70 ENTER
FIRST COMPETE THE CONTEST
PUZZLE AND CUT II OUT AROUND THE
OUTLINE. PASTE ~ ON A PIECE OF
PAPER PRINT IN YOUR NAIVE, AGE
AND ADDRESS.
THEN Color THE PICTURE WITH
cRAYoNs. PAINTS or PENCILS. MAIL
BEFORE MIDNIGHT TUESDAY 70 A. W.
NUcENr eio THIS NEWSPAPER.
NeATNEss, ACCURACY AND
PRESENTATION COUNT m JUDGING.
ALL ENTRIES BECOME THE PROPERTY
OLA. W. NucsNr. JUDGES DECISIONS
ARE FINAL. PRIZES Will BE MAILED 10
WINNERS AT A LATER DATE.
The Arizona post., 1961-05-12
Small Communities Give Aid

ed in the activities of the smaller Jewish
communities.
Not to speak of the fact that substan-
tial sums are being raised there for the
United Jewish Appeal and other pEilan-
thropic purposes. The effectiveness of
their Federations, therefore, affects vi
tally Jews in this country and abroad.
Small as the number of Jews may be in a
small community" they are all working
together to achieve certain accepted Jew
ish communal objectives and to meet
their Jewish responsibilities.
This work is being conducted by their
local organization which is known in some
communities as the Jewish Welfare Fund,
in others the Jewish Federation, the Com
bined Jewish Appeal, or the Jewish Com
munity Council Although the names
of their central local body vary, the OBJ
iectives are everywhere the same-united
Embarrassing, distribution of the funds,
providing community services. Their
guiding hand is the Council of Jewish Fed
erations and Welfare Funds in New York,
which provides them with material on the
basic ideas of Jewish community work,
and shares with them information on all
major aspects of Jewish communal life.
The Arizona post., 1961-05-12

could hardly avoid falling,
sooner or later, into the posi-
ton of being a political de-
tendency of Israel"
At the concluding session
of its conference, the Council
for Judaism adopted a resolu-
ton asserting that the Adolf
Eichmann trial, currently be-
ing held in Israel, is furnish
ing the Zionist movement
with the opportunity of "iden-
tifying all Jews with a sys-
tenn of national rights and
obligations"
Emphasizing that "all man.
kind was Mortified by the un-
paralleled crimes for which
Eichmann is being tried" the
The Arizona post., 1961-05-12

when Jews and non-JeWS
abandon" their ethnic or ma
tional reservations" bou t
Jews. Jewish leaders immedi-
ately took issue with his
views charging him with
making I'd i st or t e d state
mentS."
DIR. TOynbee made his state
ments as the principal speak
er at the dinner of the 18th
annual conference of the anti
Zionist American Council for
Judaism. Both Zionism and
anti-Semitism, he declared,
assume that it is impossible
for Jews and non-Jews to
grow together into a single
community and that, there
fore, a physical separation is
the only way out"
"The watchword of anti
Semitism," DR.. Toynbee con-
tinued, "is back to medieval
apartheid'; the watchword of
Zionism is back to the medi-
eval ghetto All the far-flung
ghettos of the world are to
be gathered into one patch
of soil in Palestine, to create
a single, consolidated ghetto" "
Asserting that Zionis S m
was born of a peSSimiSm"
about the prospects of Jewish
emancipation, DR.. Toynbee
held that "if the Jewish COM
munity in the West were to
continue to be an ethnic-
even if only a partly ethnic
and partly religious-commu-
nifty, co-existing with the
present State of Israel, it
The Arizona post., 1961-05-12
Boris Snolar

Have you ever given thought to the
fact that there are more Jews in America
living in the smaller communities than in
all countries of Continental Europe, ex-
elusive of the Iron Curtain countries?
This very important fact is now emerging
from a study on community organization
in small cities prepared by the Council
of Jewish Federations and Welfare
Funds. The study establishes that about
100000 Jews are residing today in this
country in communities which have a
Jewish population of 5000 persons or
less. This figure does not include Jews
residing in suburbs, which are part of
the larger city federations.
However, this is 100000 more than
the total number of Jews residing in
France Belgium, Holland, Switzerland,
Germany Austria, Italy and the other
countries of Continental Europe which
does not include England outside of the
Communist countries.
The Importance of the small Jewish
communities in the United States thus
becomes obvious in the light of the fact
that they represent very important part,
not only of American Jewry but also of
world Jewry. A good part of the total of
American Jewish communal life is reflect
The Arizona post., 1961-05-12
Workmen's Circle

An executive board meet
ing of the Morris Wanger
Branch 152 of Workmen's
Circle will be held May IA
at 2 pm. at the home of Mr..
and Mrs. D. Collen, 1929 N.
Oracle.
A Mothers Day social will
be held May II at 8 pm. in
the Cong. Anshei Israel Audi
torium. The group will also
celebrate ISraeps 18th ami
versary with a special pro
gram.