davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-08-27
Journey Into
The eHeuvens
MANS CONQUEST OF THE
STARS. BY Pierre Rous-
seau. Morton; 5000

seau. Morton; 5000
Pierre Rousseau, a member
of the Academic Franchise,
is a French scientist who has
been writing about astronomy
since 1899. He considers this
book the crowning achieve
ment of his literary work on
the subject.
It is indeed an ambitious
and noteworthy presentation
executed with polish and pre-
cision. 1t is not too technical
for the average reader. Its
documentary style is aptly
translated from the French
by Michael Bullock.
The book is a comprehen-
sive and enthralling epic of
the discovery of the universe.
1t traces the evolution Of
mans thought and regard to-
ward the heavens from the
Stone Age era of primitive
gods to the present-day enig-
ma of the vast and expand
ing universe. It examines
along the way the ideas and
discoveries of the ancient
Egyptians, the BabylonianS,
the Greek philosopher -aStron-
omers, medieval civilization
and the great men of science
in the periods that follow.
Mr.. Rousseau does not
merely describe these ideas
and discoveries but endeav-
ors to bring to light the proc
esSes that brought them
about. He scrutinizes them
and interprets their contri-
buttons to astronomy and
their significance to man. He
touches on the social, politi-
cal, economic, religious and
chronological conditions that
created the environment for
these ideas.
The serious reader inter-
ested in a better understand
ing of the universe should
not pass this book by. 1t is
more than a history of astron-
omy;;' it is a profile of hu-
man civilization. The growth
of mans concept of the uni
verse in many ways parallels
the mental growth of man
himself.
WARREN BASS.
Evening star., 1961-08-27
Che Guevoro Writes
Guide for GuerriIIos

of a continent. Whether he
intends it or not, he will,
if he has his way, open the
gates of a hemisphere to
communism and probably
bring on the first hemi-
spheric war in the New
World in modern times.
In another sense Guevara
is incredibly naive. He COM
plains, for instance, that FL
del Castro imprudently re-
vealed to the world in a
public announcement his
target date for invading
Cuba from Mexico. Yet
Guevara himself publishes
guerrilla-Strategy details,
down to fine points like the
value of women guerrillaS as
messengers because they are
never searched as thoroughly
as men.
General staffs in Latin
America and their CIA and
American Army advisers can
no doubt learn a good deal
from the book. But our own
guerrilla war experts do not
consider it the last word on
the subject.
EARL H. VOSS.
Evening star., 1961-08-27
Who Are the Commies
In the United States?

gist has set out in this fund
for the Republic book to tell
who" are the Communists.
Thus, he documents, as best
he can, the social makup of
the party since its forma-
ton in the early 1920s. His
results are not surprising.
The party's greatest at
traction has been to some
foreign speaking workers
and to some middle-clasS
people who have felt rejected
by society Tin this category
he finds a large number of
jews. The party, however,
has failed by and large, to
attract Negroes who should
be the most dissatisfied.
Mr.. Glazer does not try
to explain why" people be-
come Communists (this he
says is more psychological
than sociologicaD but by
telling who" were. one can
get an approximation of
why" they were.
BERNARD GWERTZMAN.
Evening star., 1961-08-27
READING AND WRITING
Francis BiddIe Reminisces

by the dramaticS of his wild
owed mother End the vary
ing attitudes of other female
members of the clan. At
Groton,, he found Endicott
Peabody's muscular Chris
tianity and strenuous Vic
torianiSm inadequate. Har-
ward in those days was heady.
One of his professors was
George Santayana, whom
he later visited in Rome and
found loveleSS and bitter.
There is also a loving and
perceptive portrait of Oliver
Wendell Holmes. whom
Mr.. Biddle youthfully served
as a law clerk.
These chapters are suf-
ficient to make a reader who
could not sort out all the
family connections with
great ease, look forward to
his "reminiscences of the
Roosevelt days.
Evening star., 1961-08-27
GUERRILLA WARFARE. By
Che Guevara. Monthly
Revieuy. S2 5nO

Che Guevara. Monthly
Review; $500
UnderSecretary OF State
Chester Bowles repeatedly
believes this knapsack- sized
do-it-yourself handbook on
waging guerrilla war should
be made required reading for
all foreign service officers.
Che Guevara no doubt be-
lieveS it should be required
reading in every peasants
household in Latin America.
Between the two there would
seem to be real prospects
that the physician-turned-
revolutioniSt may yet have
a best-seller.
It is engroSSing reading.
The passion in the man
bursts into flame every Sec
ond page in the 127-paged
blueprint for overturning
Latin governments.
DR.. Guevara sounds both
reasonable and unreasonable
at the same time. But above
all, he sounds dangerous,
coolly calculating the death
not of a few greedy land
lords, but of the way of life
Evening star., 1961-08-27
Novelist John O'Horo
Turns Playwright

O'Hara were, in fact, writing
better than his market. I
must agree with Broadway
neither as read nor as
imagined on the stage are
the plays very impressive.
The rhythmS and the CLINT of
the O'Hara dialogue are
there, but the action is diff
fuse, labored and incredible.
The people are wooden, and
the incidents are seldom
suitable for dramatic real
ism. In one play, THE Search
ing Sum-" the final curtain
falls on a double suicide of
two loverS-a girl and her
stepfather. But their affair
had been only the most cas-
ual and incidental part of
the play-as far as the read
er knows, the girls interest
in her stepfather was no
more than that in a date at
a dance. But suddenly we are
given a tragic ending that
has no connection with the
play.
In another piece, THE
Champagne Pool" the cli-
max of which is the opinion
of a single reviewer that the
best thing in a play is the
leading man, an actor no one
supposed was anything spe-
cial, there is an inconSe-
quential ending appended.
merely to get the curtain
down, even though it only
confuses whatever point one
could find in the previous
proceedings.
Mr.. O'Hara has a large
and enthusiastic audience
for his novels and short
stories. Perhaps he should be
grateful to the Broadway
producers for not abetting
him in the folly of diSap-
pointing his fanS.-D. 7.
Evening star., 1961-08-27
THE SOCIAL BASIS OF
ANFEDTCAN - n NJ MT

THE SOCIAL BASIS OF
AMERICAN C ON MU-
NISM. BY Nathan Glazer.
(Harcourt, Brace & World:
$500
OF all the industrial coun-
tries in the world, the United
States alone has never had
to deal with a strong Com
munist Party, or indeed,
even with a strongly socialist
party.
AS a result of the failure
Of Communists to win any
popular support, the image
of the American Communist
has been quite unclear in
American eyes. To some, a
Communist is a stealthy
Kremlin spy, often looking as
American" as his neighbor;
to others, he is a foreigner, a
member of a minority group.
dissatisfied with American
life, always agitating for
change.
Nathan Glazer, a sociolo-
Evening star., 1961-08-27
Democratic Socialism ,
Our Last Frontier?

Mr.. Williams mapped out
three broad areas: The Age
of Mercantilism Q740-1828D,
the Age of LaisSez Nous
Faire Q819-1896), and the
Age of Corporation Capital
ism 1882 to the PRESENT..
He discusses each in a series
of five chapters which char
acteriZe the dominant world
view at the beginning of the
era, confront that view with
a new reality" which leads
to adjustments, analyze the
way in which this adjusted
view transforms reality and
gives birth to new assump-
tions, and notes the fulfill
ment" of the older view as
the new assumptions and
ideas begin to challenge it.
Mr.. Williams analysis of
corporation capitalism links
the present moment with
the entire period since the
closing of the Western from
tier. American commitment
to expansion or growth" of
the economy required the
Open. Door policy as a re-
placement for the frontier
and led us to interpret the
activities of foreign ma
tionS almost wholly as
events which denied the
United States the opportu-
nifty for its vital expansion"
American Government
since World War II has
rested in the hands of a
bipartisan oligarchy," Mr..
Williams argues. There has
been no shift away from. the
notion that the problems of
America can be solved by
more aggressive sales cam
paignS, at home and abroad.
Back of this notion lies the
Identification of liberty with
private property, even though
private property has lost sig
nificance except as corpora
ton property. and corpora
tions have proved dependent
upon Government subsidies
provided by citizens in the
form of taxes. Meanwhile the
rest of the world "is very
clearly moving toward some
version Of a society modelled
on the ideal and the Utopia
of a true human community
based far more on social
property than upon private
property" For Americans Mr..
Williams sees three choices:
An oligarchy, a class-con-
scious industrial gentry, or
"the first truly democratic
socialism in the world"
A history of this sort can
not be judged simply as
true" or false" Its worth
lies in the extent to which
it can free the reader from
the bondage of unquestioned
assumptions. In this sense it
is an extremely important
and worthwhile book, for it
is hard to imagine a single
reader who will not cry out
in evaporation and argue
with the author on page af-
ter page-and that requires
good hard thought.
ARTHUR COLLINS.
Evening star., 1961-08-27
BOOKS IN REVIEW
Who Are Readers of Heresy?

standing" and counSeled the
Germans to "Set fire to the
synagogues" and drive the
Jews out of the country" or
that st. Thomas Aquinas in
the SumntG Theological in
sisted heretics must be "sepa-
rated from the Church by
accommodation and shut
off from the world by death.
Mr.. Kaufmann allows that
religion has given the world
some benefits to offset It's
legacy of cruelty and its
cult of reasoned ignorance.
He finds the art which the
church sponsored when it
employed both temporal and
spiritual authority poor pay
ment for the Subjugation of
mems minds.
The fact that Mr.. Kauf-
mann's writing contra church
and theology have had, a
large number Of readers
raises the question: Who are
the readers of hereSy -
heretics, or the faithful, or
both? Most churches are far
too wise to combat hereSy
from the pulpit, preferring to
hope it will expire unnoticed.
AS for the public, Mr.. Kauf-
mann cites the result of an
interesting poll. Although SO
per cent of Americans ques-
toned affirmed that they
thought the Bible to be the
revealed word of God, '53
per cent, when asked the
names of the first four books
of the New Testament, the
four gospels, could not name
even one. Forty-six per cent
said it was their opinion that
religious leaders were doing
the most good and were the
most to be trusted. Will Mr..
Kaufman find a fruitful
audience among these peo-
pie? Possibly "The Faith of
a Hereto" is only for other
members of the heretical
faith-who else cares?
Evening star., 1961-08-27

characteristic of teachers re-
vered by history. Socrates,
Jesus, Anaxagoras, Aris-
totle, Spinoza were all nom
conforms is, and even
Thomas AquinaS, whose
words are said by a modern
Pope to be second in author
ity only to Holy Writ itself.
was censured by the pre-
Reformation Archbishop of
Canterbury.
The many Protestants who
think of Albert Schweitzer as
a living Christian saint will
be interested in Mr.. Kauf-
mann's synopsis of the basic
tenets of his faith, among
which is a denial of the
truth of some of Jesus ideas.
Does he not cease, then"
says Schweitzer, Ito be an
authority for us? I have suf-
fered deeply from having to
maintain something out of
truthfulness which must give
offense to the Christian,
faith"
The two enormities of the
theologians of all faiths and
all ages which incite Kauf-
mann's soaring contempt are
what he calls "double-speak"
and theological gerryman-
dering." In double = speak
there is a clear meaning, but
there is also a second mean
ing that contradicts the first.
This epithet is applied when
a passage is. designed to COM
municate one message to one
group and a contradictory
message to another" Mr..
Kaufman gives countless
examples, from Tillich on
atheism, BGltmann on the
resurrection, Father John
Walsh, S. j., on the ambiguity
of the Catholic profession of
faith. Gerrymandering is the
stringing together of widely
disconnected texts to create
a false meaning; it is also the
tacit omission of pertinent
facts when painting an image
of an historical person worthy
of emulation. Few popular
theologians remind the faith
full that Luther wrote faith
must trample under foot all
reason, sense, ana under
Evening star., 1961-08-27
Other Books of the Week in Brief

man and Miriam L. Shrifte.
Universal Library; $l.95D
Famous epistles of musical
history.
A CUPFULL OF SPACE. BY
Mildred Glingerman. (Bal-
lantine.) Science fiction
stories.
GLORY GAMBLERS. BY Les
ley Forden. tBallantine;
35 cents.) The Dole air
race to Hawaii in 1927.
THE HOSPITAL. BY Kenneth
Fearing. (Ballantine: IS
centS.O A novel about per-
sonal drama of hospital
life.
ESSENTIAL WORKS OF
DESCARTES. (Bantam; 60
centS.D
ESSENTIAL WORKS OF
JOHN STUART MILL.
(Bantam; rs cents.)
OUTLAW TOWN. BY Edwin
Booth. (Ballantine; 35
centSO A United States
marshal has a hard go at
becoming a rehabilitated
citizen.
THE RANGE OF REASON.
BY Jacques M aritain.
(Scribner: $1.45.O A re-
printed survey of his po-
sitions on speculative and
practical problems of phi
loSophy.
GOOD AND EVIL. BY Martin
Buber. (Scribner; $1.25O
Two interpretations by a
Jewish philosopher.
THE HOUSE OF MIRTH. BY
Edith Wharton. (Scribner,
S1.45.) The 41st reprint in
the Scribner's library Of
distinguished authors.
Evening star., 1961-08-27
By MARY McGRORY
Star Staff Writer

A CASUAL PAST. BY
Francis Biddle. Double
day; $3.50
Francis Biddle stops short
of the episode that might
most interest his Washing
ton readers. his service as
Attorney General under
Franklin D. Roosevelt. Per-
hapS this decorous memoir is
the first of several INSTALL
mentS.
In a modest foreword, Mr..
Biddle says that his life has
not escaped the common
place" His experiences are
common only to those who
were born into aristocratic
families, and Travelled the ia
miliar route from Groton to
Harvard to a Philadelphia
law firm. Few of his read
erS could match his ances-
tors. A family tree of both
sides is included. Among his
forebearS was Nancy Ran
dolph, the femme fatale of
Colonial days who at Ter
sensational trial was defend
ed by Patrick Henry.
Evening star., 1961-08-27

FIVE PLAYS: The Farmers
Hotel; The Searching Sun;
The Champagne Pool; We
rOnique: The Way 1t Was.
John O'Hara. CRandom
House; So
During the last nine years,
John O'Hara has written five
plays, none of which has had
a Broadway production. For
tunately, they were not writ
ten for money. Mr.. O'Hara
says in the present volume
of these plays that except
for his journalism, his work
in Hollywood, and some of
his early potboilers in the
New Yorker he has never
written principally to make
money.
Mr.. O'Hara wanted his plays
produced but Broadway didn't
like them. There is some
thing very appealing in the
playwright'S account of the
history of the plays. Irving
Berlin looked at one and
said that there were some
changes that had to be made
in The Way 1t Was before
he could work on it, and that
he knew I would not make
the changes. That gave us
both a good out. " THE Farm
ers Hotel" was produced in
FiShkill, N. Y, and the OPEN
ing night sold out to the
Rotary Club. The audience
laughed and cried, and there
were some calls for the au-
thor" THE Searching Sun"
was put on by the Community
Players in Princeton. THE
Broadway crowd came down,
made their wisecracks, and
departed. The local people
made a little money, had their
little tiffs and a few laughs,
and that was that"
It would be nice If Mr..
Evening star., 1961-08-27
GENERAL

WOMAN. BY DR.. Joyce
Brothers. Double d y;
$685. The television psy-
chologiSt answers every
woman's questions from
"the constant temptations
and dangers of a beautiful
woman" to how a woman
can overcome the telling
of dissatisfaction of being
a housewife"
MIDDLE EASTERN AT
FAIRS. (Southern Illinois
University Press; $3.50 st.
Anthony's Papers 18th VOL
ume on modern history
and contemporary affairs.
PAPERBACK
MODERN SHORT STORIES.
universal Library; S1.45O
10 selections from revived
Story Magazine
THE NATURAL. BY Bernard
Malamud. (Noonday;
$1.650 A 1852 novel CEN
tered around baseball.
HOW TORAISE YOUR
CHILD'S 10. BY David
Engler. (Ballantine; so
cents.) Probably the ulti-
mate in how-to books.
TALES OF LOVE AND HOR-
ROR. Edited by Don Cong
don. (Ballantine; 35 cents.)
A collection of stories of
the supernatural.
THE LONG SEASON. BY Jim
Brosnan. Dell; so centsJ
A look at pro baseball by a
former big-league pitcher.
LETTERS OF COMPOSERS.
Edited by Gertrude Nor
Evening star., 1961-08-27
BY DAY THORPE
Star Book Critic

THE FAITH OF A HERE
TIC. BY Walter Kaufman.
doubleday; $4.950
CRITIQUE OF RELIGION
AND PHILOSOPHY. BY
Walter Kaufman. Dou-
bleday; Anchor Paper
back; $1.45)
walter Kaufmann's lat
est book, THE Faith Of g
Hereto" appears at the same
time his "Critique of Re-
ligion and Philosophy"
1958) is reissued as a paper
back. The two books are
twins. They treat the
same subjects, often cite
the same examples and quo
tations, reach the same con-
clusions. They resemble each
other also in Style-a col
lection of criticism, histori-
cal comment, aphorism, dra-
matte dialogue and poetry.
One of the mottos of the ear
lier book is Jesus injunction
not to pour new wine into
old skins. Professor Kauf-
mann is not disinclined to
reversing the process.
I do not object to his re-
working an old mine of high
test ore, and, I believe that
readers who enjoy one book
will gladly turn to the other.
The only serious fault of both
books is that they have the
appearance of being care
leSSly and hurriedly writ
ten, and that, although for
the most part very readable.
they are sometimes beclouded
by passages difficult to fol-
low not because of the in
tricacy of the thought but
because of a certain literary
slovenliness.
Prof. Kaufman. 40 years
old, has been teaching phi
losophy at Princeton since
1947. He has many notable
books to his credit-transla-
tions of NietEsche and
Goethe, and several volumes
of philosophic criticism.
Widely-read and of catho-
lie tastes, he was also a man
of extraordinary precoSity.
II was brought up a Luth-
eran. When I found I could
not believe in the Trinity,
and especially not that Jesus
was God, I decided to become
a Jew. I was only eleven. :"
Since then, Judaism has
folded along with Chris
tianity-nor will Kaufman
join the agnoSticS, for they,
he says, should not be con-
tent to affirm II do not
know whether there is a
God or not" since the. state
ments God exists" and
God does not exist" are.
logically speaking, neither
true nor false, but meaning
less. Kaufman has found
his faith in heresy-articu-
late heresy.
He runs the risk of post
humous orthodoxy or even
sainthood, for he points out
that hereSy is a common
Evening star., 1961-08-27
THE CONTOURS OF AMER


ICAN HISTORY. BY Will
liam Appleman Williams.
(World; $7.50)
1t is anything but a doctrin-
aire socialists view that Mr..
Williams offers. His is the
most exasperating and excit-
ing Interpretation of the
whole of Americas economic
past since the works of
Charles Beard. Learning
from history is not a matter
of staying in the present
and looking back" says Mr..
Williams. Instead, we must
go back into the past and
return to the present with
a wider and more intense
consciousness of the reStric-
t1onS Of our former outlook"
This conception, as Mr..
Williams applies it, makes
for excitement partly because
1t offers the whole museum
to the iconoclast. Alexander
Hamilton never revealed,
either in the famous report
on the subject or in his other
actions, the kind of support
for American manufacturing
with which he is credited, or
which might be expected of
an American mercantilist."
Franklin's role in blurring
the distinction between the
amateur and the scientist
may be the root of "Ameri-
cas- later propensity to think
that playing with nature, or
chronological facility, is the
same thing as the scientific
spirit" There was for Lin
coin mo Union to save. He
had to create a Nation in
the North in order to en-
force a union with the South.
That he succeeded as far as
he did is the monument to
his political genius - and
ruthlessness."
On his trip into the past
Evening star., 1961-08-27
Who Was the First
To Reach the Pole?
THE CASE FOR DOCTOR

THE CASE FOR DOCTOR
COOK. BY Andrew A. Free
man. Coward McCann;
$3.50
Some so years ago. much
of the Nation boiled with
controversy over who was the
first explorer to mush to the
North Pole.
THE Case for Doctor
Cook" is a sympathetic biog-
raphy of one of the two
principals in the disagree
ment. Andrew A. Freeman
tries to unravel a complex
skein of events and lay bare
the motives behind this his
toric dispute.
On September /, 1909, DR..
Frederick A. Cook, a Brook
lyn physician, wirelessed the
New York Herald that he
had reached the North Pole
on April 81, 1908. He was
wildly acclaimed in many
countries.
Five days later. Robert E.
Peary. a civil engineer in the
United States Navy, returned
from an Arctic expedition
and announced he had dis
covered the Pole April 6, 1909.
Cook was a fraud, he said.
Given Buns Rush
Immediately, the dispute
was ignited. Cook was Will
fled and tormented so saw
agely he fled the Unite d
States in disguise.
Peary, for nearly 18 years,
had searched. for the pole,
financing his expeditions
Evening star., 1961-08-27
FICTION
POWER AND PURITY. BY

POWER AND PURITY. BY
Francis Minturn Sedgwick.
(Bobbs Merrill; $4.500 The
story of a self made pillar
of integrity betrayed by his
loved ones.
THE BABYLONIAN ORA
CON. By Alfred Zacharias.
(Mu h berg; $2.50O
Jonah's VIII ale - who'd
never swallowed anything
larger than a sardine -
leads an all-Biblical ami
NAL cast telling their side
of the scriptures.
RIMROCK RIDERS. BY
Peter Field. Morrow;
$2.75.) Pat, Ezra and Sam
straighten out a corrupted
United States Army in this
unpteenth of the Powder
Valley Western.
HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY
THERE is A RIVER. BY
Richard Vaughan. Dutton;
$500 A sketch book rem
iniscence of a Welsh boy
hood.
THE INQUISITION OF THE
MIDDLE AGES. BY Henry
Charles Lea. Macmillan;
$l0O An abridgment by
Margaret Nicholson.
GREEK TRAGEDY 1941. BY
Anthony Heckstall-Smith
and Vice Admiral H. T.
Baillie-G -Grohman. Morton;
$685. The chaotic, costly
and heroic evacuation of
the British forces from
Greece by two participants
in command posts.