davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Jackson advocate., 1961-06-10

ficulties in living and travelling
here because of raeially discrim-
inatory laws and practices"
"Many Of these difficulties are
never officially drawn TO the at
tention Of the State Department, "
he said, "but the hurt and resent
ment are nevertheless lasting. On
occasion, difficulties are Of such q
gross character as 70 call for in
vestigation and official apologies,
which, however, cannot correct the
wrong"
The letter went on to say that
similar problems had arisen in the
case of persons coming here un-
der international exchange pro-
grams. 1t said "racial discrimina-
ton under local segregation laws
is a barrier to the pursuit of our
objectives in the exchange pro-
gram"
Il Mr.. Rusk told the Attorney Gen.
eral that far more important than
any embarrassment caused by dis
elimination against foreign visit
ors was the fact that "this sort
of incident gives the picture of a
United States where racial dis
elimination is an accepted prac-
tice, where equal respect for the
dignity of human beings is not
accorded"
american actions which fall
short of the constitutional stand
ards safeguarding individual free
doms and dignity prejudice our po-
sition before the world" the Sec
retary concluded.
y He expressed the hope that Mr..
Kennedy's proposal to the |. G. c.
would help achieve equal treat
ment for all persons travelling in
the United States"
The l. C. C. now has the Jus.
tice Department petition under
consideration. The department is
expected to forward Mr.. Rusk's
letter to the commission shortly,
together with a renewed call for
early action.
Jackson advocate., 1961-06-10
Racial Unrest -.
fContinued from Page Onel

Continued from Page One)
ties, the lack Of funds for research
and low pay ~ reasons for leav-
ing. Most went to Britain but
some went to the United States,
Canada, Europe, Australia, New
Zealand and elsewhere in Africa.
Among notable losses to South
Africa are Denis v. Cowen, pro-
fessor Of comparative law at Cape
town University Of Chicago, and
Godfrey Durrant, head Of the De-
partment Of English at Natal Uni
versity.
A member Of the library staff
at the University Of Capetown, c,
X. G. Hahn, wrote to a local news
paper to explain why he had de-
cided to leave.
He said: "We are leaving to
escape from the suffocation of un-
reality that surrounds US all; the
fear, persecution and propaganda,
isolation and hatred that are
twisting a once proud, sincere,
forceful and just people into q
petrified, English-spealing bour-
geoise ct the mercy now of the
juggernaut of Afrikaner national
ism, and later, because of their
Jackson advocate., 1961-06-10
gone to the Colonial Office.

gore to the Colonial Office.
Little change Is expected In the
plan, which drew strong opposition
from Sir Roy Welensky, Prime
Minister Of the Federation Of Rho
desia and Nyasaland, and his fol-
lowers in Northern Rhodssia. II Ii
clear that Mr.. Kaunda's party has
accepted the plan and so has the
rival African nationalist party, the
African National Congress.
Sir John Moffat's Liberal party
has accepted ii as a five-year In
terim measure leading to an Afri-
can majority government. The
main worry Of the Europeans n
how best to maintain firm govern
ment during the transition period
and how long the transition Is go
ing to last. Europeans, having
faced the inevitable, want to know
how long they have got to make
plans to stay or get out.
Another important factor that
contributed to the present calm
was Britain's refusal to abandon
her position on Northern Rhodesia
in the face of pressure from Sails
bury, Southern Rhodesia, capital
of the Federation. The Macleod
plan was hotly opposed by both the
African nationalists and Sir Roy's
United Federal party.
This was in a way a tribute to
the plans middle of the road" ma
ture. The Africans and whites,
after reflection, now realize that
| it is not so bad after all.
Jackson advocate., 1961-06-10
CONTINUED from Page One)

CONTINUED from Page One)
izens." This meeting and Mr..
Kaundas attitude have impressed
Europeans.
Now Mr.. Kaunda Is circularizing
Northern Rhodesian voters, telling
them that white people should
put aside their unjustified fears of
my people" He Is stressing the
independence Of the various ele-
ments that make up Northern Rho
desia. Mr.. Kaunda has been in
vited to speak at a number of
European gatherings.
The Kaunda approach - which
seems to come from increased con-
fidence-has contributed much to
the atmosphere Of political calm
that has settled over Northern Rho
desia. The successful series of
talks by the Governor, Sir Evelyn
Hone, with the territory's political
parties on the constitutional plan
put forth by lain Macleod, Britian's
Colonial Secretary, has cleared the
air. The Governors recommends
tions on the plans final form have
Jackson advocate., 1961-06-10

leaders to rescue Kivu from STAN
leyville rule. This appeal has been
under consideration by the Leopold
vile leaders meeting at Coquilhat-
vile.
In addition, dissatisfaction with
the Gizenga regime is reported to
be continuing in the Legislature of
Eastern Province, Of which Stan
leyville is the capital. Some for
eign observers Of Congo affairs say
Mr.. Gizenga is only able to stay
in Stanleyville through the support
of his troops.
Strange activity among these
troops ware reported today by a
United Nations spokesman in Leo
poldville. He said that yesterday,
after a gathering Of troops was
noted. United Nations officers in
Stanleyville inquired about their
purpose and were told they were
on their way to the airport.
A question about the purpose of
this movement was addressed TO
Gen. Victor Lundula, commander
of the Congolese troops in Stanley
vile. The general said he did not
know, but would inquire. The
troops later disbanded.
At Coquilhatville tonight leaders
of the Leopoldville Government
were holding a grand ball to cele-
brate the successful conclusion -
Of the conference that has been
under way for five weeks to plan
new Federal Republic of the Con-
60. However, it was reported that
the conference would meet again
tomorrow to deal with controver-
sial issues.
A project Of forming twenty new
states in the Congo has stirred a
storm of controversy. The confer
ence has Professionally recognized
states not only in Equator, Leopold
vile and Kasai Provinces, which
are more or less under the control
of the Central Government, but also
new states in Kivu and Katanga
Provinces.
A stream of telegraphed protests
to Coquilhatville from many re-
gions indicate that the various new
states will have to fight to come
into existence. The conference is
now voting to hold referendums in
most of the proposed states to see
if they really want to separate from
the old structure Of six provinces.
Discord at the conference has
grown so hot in the last few days
that sergeants-at-arms had to step
in to prevent fist fights.
Jackson advocate., 1961-06-10

apathy, to the inexorability of a
vengeful African nationalism
The difficulties Of attracting
qualified men from abroad to join
South African university faculties
caused one professor to comment,
I'm the past, overseas men were
the lifeblood of our universities,
today, We hardly get any of them" :"
At the University of Witwater-
srand professorship in botany, edu-
cation, Roman law, metallurgy,
pharmacology, philosophy, physics
and experimental physics are va
cant as are eighteen lectureships,
similar to posts of assistant pro-
fessor and instructor in American
universities.
The South Africas Medical Jour
nal reported recently shortage of
physicians. 1t said 1000 more ply
sicians would be needed by 1865.
South Africa's food stores were
jammed today in a Christmas-like
buying rush caused by fears that
supplies would be shut off Mon
day in a strike by the country's
non-white majority against the
segregationist Government.
A three-day strike of Africans,
coloreds (persons of mixed race)
and Asians has been called to
protest the Inauguration Wednes-
day of South African republic
outside the British Commonwealth.
The nonwhites are using the oc-
casion to demand voting rights and
representation in the Government.
Jackson advocate., 1961-06-10
Local Negroes -.
CONTINUED from Pare One)

(Continued from rage One)
current interest and concern.
According to the reports Of rep-
resentatives Of the jackson Advo-
cate, q vast majority Of the rank
and file Of Jackson Negroes view
the Freedom Riders as doing more
harm than good in visiting the city,
especially after the first visit.
Most point to a sharp change in
the attitude Of their employers,
and most noticeable change in the
attitude Of the white employees
with whom and by whose direction
they perform the duties Of their
daily work.
A large number Of those among
the unemployed have been heard to
blame the Freedom Riders for thei,
continued unemployment and their
failure to find a new job.
Many have been heard to express
the opinion that Negroes Of the city
would be better off If the Freedom
Riders had never come to Jackson
Another group whose majority
is finding that the Freedom Rider.
are doing Negroes more harm thar
good are the Negro owners Of bust.
nesses operating in the Negro com.
munity and entirely dependent or
Negro trade. One such business.
man who has been fairly success.
full through the years was EN-.
phatic in saying that the visits o1
the Freedom Riders has hurt his
Jackson advocate., 1961-06-10

volunteered to wrok an extra day
each week for Angola, private fly
ing clubs are raising money to buy
spotter planes for the Portuguese
Air Force and contributions are
pouring into . central fund for
Angolan relief.
Everyone seems to have broth
er, cousin or friend who has been
called up by official postcard for
two-years' duty in Angola. Not
only troops departing but also
refugees returning from the rebel
torn African province are fervently
cheered by crowds Of emotional
relatives, friends or even passers-
by.
Daily the state-controlled press
is replete with details Of terrorist
attacks, but while Portuguese cas-
ualties are inevitably listed in mi
mute detail casualties inflicted on
the "terrorists" are CLOSED over
merely as "heavy losses" Mean
while loyal Africans and mulattoes
fighting on the Portuguese side be-
come press celebrities virtually
overnight.
Officials here are now beginning
to fear that too much dramatic COW
erave of the Appolan crisis dav
after day may surfeit the nation
and lead to public apathy.
There are reports that report
ing for home consumption may soon
be toned down while foreign cor
respondents may again be allowed
to visit Angola in the coming days
since a public relations sections has
been decreed for the provincial gov
ernment at Luanda.
The three-week inspection tour
Jackson advocate., 1961-06-10
Portuguese -.
CONTINUED from Page Onel

Soviet Union in condemning Por-
tugal, has now begun to wear off.
Portuguese neo-Naxis and Right
wing extremists are still publish
ing scurrilous attacks on President
Kennedy and his Government, but
these do not represent the national
mood. Suspicion Of the United
States continues to exist, but the
initial anger that led to stoning of
the American Embassy here is dy-
ing away.
Nonetheless Angola remains the
burning topic, even though the fine
spring weather, the state-sponsored
soccer matches, the nearby beaches
and the luxury Of this lovely cap
ital tend to distract peoples minds.
Night after night Portuguese So
ciety women make television ap-
peals for Angolan relief.
The taxi-drivers' syndicate has
Jackson advocate., 1961-06-10
US. Secretary.
Continued from Page One)

tSNhNsheS1 - VIA ssGsS SAASI
ity and nondiscrimination," Mr..
Rusk wrote, "are imperatives Of
the American society with its
many racial strains. In the degree
to which we ourselves practice
those principles our voice will
carry conviction in seeking ma
tional goals in the conduct of our
foreign relations"
Mr.. Rusk said his department
ran into the race problem most
acutely in respect to foreign Dip
lomats and visitors.
He noted that more than half OF
the nearly 100 diplomatic missions
to the United States were from
countries which are predominant
ly Of the races of Asia and Af-
rics." He said diplomats from
these lands had met various diff
Jackson advocate., 1961-06-10

business. He pointed to a sudden
sharp drop in his trade which he
feels is due to the increased un-
employment among his customers
which he feels is largely due to
the continued racial agitation in
the city.
Jackson advocate., 1961-06-10
Rival Regimes -.
CONTINUED from Page One }

troops.
However, the regimes control
over its territory seems rather
tenuous. The Legislature Of Kivu,
which makes up half Of the Gizenga
territory, has cast majority vote
for an appeal to the Leopoldville
The Detroit tribune., 1961-09-30
MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. DEVILS
INVOLUNTARY ExECUTI0NER
TAKES us. STATE DEPT. OFFICER FOR 80
YEARS ! VIA SPIRITUAL MALPRACTICE !!

NY Times 9-l3)-"Bosfon, Sept. ''-rrederek TOW
ell Behr Of Edqsrtown Marfhas Vineyard and Washing
ton Eorecr Service officer with the Department OF State
died at Massachusetts General Hospital after long Illness
He 43 years old"
The Detroit tribune., 1961-09-30

CHICAGO - Bell & Howell Co.
announced Saturday that threats
to boycott its products because
it sponsored television docu-
mcntary - Walk in My Shoes"
dealing with racial segregation
will not force a change in its
hands-off policy regarding pro-
gram content.
Walk in NY Shoes" the
story Of the Negro in the United
States and what he is thinking
told entirely by Negro Americans
was felevised last Tues. night,
Sept. l9 over the American Broad
casting Co. network. The show,
the first of a company-sponsored
series called Closeup" set off
a storm of protest in Louisiana.
A pro segregation Citizens
Council official demanded equal
time on ABC to present "thc
South's side" A La. county She
riff said the program could pro-
duce conditions which could
bring bloodshed."
In a statement the camera COM
pany said:
"Onc OF our detectives in spon-
soring documentary television is
to engage the attention of the
The Detroit tribune., 1961-09-30
Rep. Diggs and Father
Deny Charges In Suit

fhe charges made in fhe suit. Ne
said: THAT is sttested TO by the
insurance commissioner, who
spent three months making an
examination OF our company"
II don't know about my sons
expenses, but I'm sure the charges
are false" he said.
The suit alleges, among other
things, that Diggs, Jr., charged
expenses in connection with his
campaign for Congress TO the
insurance company, and that
Diggs, Sr., spent $4,000 for air.
line trips, $500 for a painting of
himself and $1,000 to remodel
his summer cottage. charging the
expenditures TO Detroit Mctropoli-
tan.
Circuit Judge Nathan J. kauf-
man issued a temporary restrain
ing order Friday prohibiting State
Insurance Commissioner Frank
Blackford from granting final
approval of she merger, pending
court hearing Eridayu Sept. 20
on the suits request for q per-
manent injunction
The Detroit tribune., 1961-09-30

Conrcssman Charles c. Diggs,
Jr.. challenged his accusers to
prove their charges that ne and
his father mishandled thousands
of dollars" Of a Detroit insurance
company's funds. His father,
Charles, Sr., also denied the
charges.
The charges were made in .
suit filed in Circuit Court FRI
day in the name of the Detroit
Metropolitan Mutual Assurance
Co. and a policy holder, Mrs.
Ida Glover, of 5762 Rohns.
The purpose Of the suit which
was filed by Atty. James b.
Frazer, is 10 prevent the merger
Of an insurance company, organiz-
ed by Diggs Sr., in 1912, with the
larger Mammoth Life & Accident
Insurance Co, of Louisville, Ky.
Rep. pisss said; "Anybody can
brlna a lawsuit and bring charges.
n Is another thing 70 prove v.
Once we've been served with the
pspsrs an answer will come from
our attorneys"
Dipos, ST.. 81 denied completely
The Detroit tribune., 1961-09-30
vioIators Face
A Maximum
Fine OF $500

WASHINGTON - The Inter
state Commerce Commission is
sued an order Friday prohibiting
segregation on buses and in bus
terminals.
The ICC order ruled that start
ing Nov. all buses and bus
terminals used by interstate pas
scngcrs must display signs affirm
ing that their use will be with
out regard TO race, color or creed.
Violators of the rules face a
maximum fine of $500. Atty. Gen.
Robert Kennedy proposed new
bus regulations in a petition filed
with the ICC May 20, five days
after the first arrests of Free
dom Riders seeking to descgre-
gate transportation facilities at
Jackson, Miss.
Kennedy said that FBI check
of 2g4 cities in II states showed
that terminals in 81 cities had
signs to segregate travellers in
a blatant and open" manner.
The Justice Dept. asked the
lCC to take administrative action
in regard to buses because it felt
the commission had clear powers
in that field. In addition, the
Freedom Riders troubles revolved
largely around buses and bus
terminals.
Roy wilkins, executive secre-
tary of the NAACP, said in New
York the ruling means that
American citizens may now ira.
vel freely among their states
without being psHalized and per-
secuted because of their color.
1t means there will be no East
and West Berlins in our country"
A spokesman for the Congress
Of Racial Equality (CORE) said
I'VE are pleased with the ruling
and shall, of course, work in
communities throughout the coun-
try to implement the decision"
The Detroit tribune., 1961-09-30
FBI Description
Of Negro Leader
False Says Group

NEW YORK - The recently
formed Committee TO Aid the
Monroe N. c. Defendants has
sent a vehement protest to Atty.
Gen. Robert Kennedy because of
the false information in the FBI
description sent out on Robert F.
Williams, fugitive Negro leader
from Monroe. N. c. This describes
Williams as extremely danger
ous," armed" "schizophrenic,"
and threatened violence"
Terming all of these false and
deliberate incitement TO all
policemen now hunting Williams
to shoot him on sight the CAMD
demanded the immediate can
collation. of the FBl Wanted Flyer
for Williams and notification to
all engaged in the manhunt of
that fact.
This is one of the most dis
graceful pages in the history OF
any law enforcement agency"
the committees letter stated. 1t
puts your Department on the
same moral plane as a Mississippi
sheriffs office"
In conclusion the letter de-
clared: IF as a result of your
Departments false characterize
ton of Williams and the incite-
ment to shoot him down, he is
killed while being apprehended,
the blood of that official lynch.
ing will be indelibly on your
hands and will stain the Ken
nedy administration for all time.
The Detroit tribune., 1961-09-30
Marshall Named
As Federal Judge
On Appeals Court

HYANNIS PORT, Mass.-Thur-
good Marshall, NAACP counsel
and integration leader, was nomin-
ated by President Kennedy Satur-
day for a lifetime appointment
as a Federal judge for the Sec
ond Circuit Court of Appeals.
Marshall, special counsel for
the NAACP since 1888, has been
the key leader in the legal fight
for desegregation of public
schools in the South.
lie pleaded the Washington,
d. c. school cases which resulted
in the United States Supreme
Courts 1854 ruling that Negroes
must be admitted to white schools.
Because Mr.. Kennedy sent the
nomination to the Senate in the
near closing hours of Congress,
confirmation was out of the ques
ton until next year.
However, White House Press
Secretary Pierre Salingcr said
Mr.. Kennedy would give Marshall
an Intern appointment so that
he could assume the $25,000-a-
year judgeship promptly.
The Second Judicial Circuit
covers the states of New York,
Connecticut and Vermont. Mar.
shall, SO, is a Democrat and a
native of Baltimore. He has been
a resident of New York City for
some time.
The Detroit tribune., 1961-09-30
Preston Cobb Case Gets
Interest In Europe

NEW YORK. - Overseas inter
est in the Preston Cobb case -
the 15-year-old Georgia Negro
youth sentenced TO be elcctrocut-
cd for allegedly Staying a 70-year.
old white man - mounted this
week as foreign correspondents
qucried the NAACP.
Association attorneys have Sc
cured a stay following filing Of a
motion for a new trial, TO be
heard Oct. 8.
NAAcP Executive Secretary
Roy wilkins received . trans
Atlantic telephone call from }.
vsndcrmolen Of Amsterdam, The
Netherlands. seeking Information.
The call was followed the next
day by q eshlenrsm announcing
The Detroit tribune., 1961-09-30
CHRISTIAN SCIENCE LECTURES

ADRiAN Frank T. Hord. First Baptist Church, 8 p.m..
Thursday. September 70.
BIRM'NcHAM Gordon II. Smith. Church, I9I NJ
Chester 0l5 p.m, Friday. October &.
BLOOMFIELD HILLS (avspices First Church. FrsnkInN
Frank 7. Hord. Junior High School, w. ovarton and Wnu
Lake Rds, s:l5 p.nn. Friday. September 29
DETROIT: Eighth Church, 200ll Grand River Ave.,
Ella n. Hay. p.m.. Friday, September ~.
DETROIT lSeeond church): Hazel r. Harrison Church.
l4 {. Grand Blvd. 800 pm. Tuesday, October 3.
FARMINcToN: Mary Wellington Gale Church, $50
p.m., Sunday. October ].
FERNDALE: Hazel R. Harrison, Church. 2I0l Liver.
nois, 500 p.m., Thursday October S.
NO COLLECTIONS EVER
The Detroit tribune., 1961-09-30
Dept. Of Justice
Asks For Ban On
Intimida

The Department of Justice
asked for court orders forbidding
intimidation or coercion of Me-
grocs seeking to register to vote
in Walthall County, Mississippi,
Atty. Gen. Robert F. Kennedy
said the Department, in a COM
plant filed today, also asked for
specific orders halting state court
prosecution OF John Hardy, a
young Nashville, Tennessee Ne
gro arrested while trying TO help
Walthall County Negroes register.
The complaint was filed in
United States District Court In
Meridian, Mississippi.
Named as defendants we're
John @. Wood, Walthall County
registrar of voters; Edd (correcD
Craft, county sheriff; Breed o.
Mounger, city attorney in Tyler
town, Miss, the county seat; and
Michael l.. Carr, district attorney.
Mr. Kennedy said the complaint
asserted that the purpose OF ar
resting and prosecuting Hardy
on disturbing the peace charges
Is 10 intimidsfe Negroes in the
county and discourage them from
trying 70 register, in violation OF
the Civil Rights Act Of 1857.
Hardy was arrested September
Z, the complaint said, after Wood
ordered him out Of his office at
gunpoint and struck him on the
back Of the head with the gun
as he was leaving. Hardy had
accompanied two Negroes seeking
to register.
Craft arrested Hardy after
wards, the complaint said, and
assortcdly threatened 10 beat him
within an inch of his life"
The Detroit tribune., 1961-09-30
&c Orders Bus Terminals
10 End Racial Segregation
BIAS CHARGED IN TEACHER PLACEMENT

DR.. Remus G.. Robinson, mem
Der of the Board of Education,
accused the Detroit Public School
System of racial discrimination
in the placement of teachers and
produced special survey figures
to prove the charges.
Tbs survey shows that Negro
teachers have not been assigned
to most public school in the pre-
dominantly white West, North
west and Northeast districts.
The survey made last spring
by the 36-mcmber Citizens Advi-
sorry Committee shows only 10
Negro employees including
teachers, janitors, kitchen help
and clerks-the districts named.
There must be something in
our personnel procedures that
permits this discrepancy" DR..
Robinson said.
He called for sharp look"
at the procedures and urged a
new set of records-by race-on
placement of teachers.
This would not be in violation
of the Fair Employment Practices
Act" he said. 1T would be
separate record and could be
used to gauge how well our non
discrimination policy is being
implemented."
DR.. Robinson had voiced con-
Germ at other board meetings over
possible racial discrimination but
had never actually charged that
there were discriminatory prac-
tices.