davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-05-05
To Save Men, Not Money

Recent testimony before the House
District Committee in opposition to
continuance of the civilian meter
minding' corps put the emphasis
wrongly we contend - on economy.
Deputy Police Chief Liverman, while
conceding that the non-police meter
aides had done their job we'll, said the
plan has not saved the District any
money. He pointed out that some
motorcycle policemen still must patrol
the metered streets to deal with traffic
violatorS not within the purview of
the meter checkers.
However, when the meter corps
was proposed, Police Chief Murray ap-
proved the plan because it was expected
to relieve 16 uniformed officers for more
important duties than checking on
overtime parkers. Chief Murray says
that less than the estimated number
of officers have been released for other
work. But we think that If only few
officers are made available for general
police duties instead of ticketing meter
violatorS the civilian meter corps will
have served a useful purpose
Evening star., 1961-05-05
'SiIos' for Security

In terms of the security of the
United States and the free world at
large, it is good news that modified
Titan intercontinental balliStic missile
has been fired successfully from a 146-
foot-deep underground "Silo" emplace-
ment. AS reported from Vandenberg
Air Force Base in California, the test
the first of its kind carried out by
our country-has been encouraging in
every respect, and it has left no room
for doubt about the feasibility and
effectiveness Of what is called the
hardened" launching system.
This system, which is being devel-
oped on a high-priority basis at key
sites spread throughout the Nation, is
to be made up of a great complex of
"Silos" built far down in the earth, like
inverted SkyscraperS. The design of
these emplacementS, of course, is meant
solely and simply to guarantee that
they will be able to survive anything
and everything but a direct nuclear
hit, and thus be available for virtually
instantaneous atomic-hydrogen retail
alton against the attacker-a potential
not offered by vulnerable above-ground
launching pads.
The deterrent factor involved here
can hardly be exaggerated. That is
why General Thomas S. Power, chief
of our Strategic Air Command, has not
heSitated to describe our first under
ground ICBM shot as "a highly Signifi-
cant launch" AS he has put it, the
test has confirmed the validity of the
"silo concept" and it therefore marks
major advance in our intercontinental
ballistic missile program. The Titan
II missile that is being developed to
operate in this mode will offer big
dividends in payloads, reaction time
and added Survivability" And the
same holds true, of course, for the even
more promising solid-fuel Minuteman.
In all of this, the key word is
"survivability." Surface launching sites
are highly vulnerable to nuclear or
thermonuclear attack, but II we can
arm ourselves with sufficient number
of ICBM "SiloS" dug deep in the earth
and protected by steel and concrete Of
the heaviest kind, we will possess
retaliatory stations so capable of
carrying on that the aggresSor will have
to reckon with the practical certainty
of his own destruction if he launches
a surprise attack on us. 1t is because
of this that the new Titan firing has
special significance. 1t involves posi-
bilities we'll calculated to stay the hand
of anybody tempted to strike at us
suddenly in sneak fashion.
Evening star., 1961-05-05
Mr.. UdnN's Tactics

OF all the political ap-
pointees who have graced
the Washington scene in the
last few years, our new Sec
retary of the Interior quail
fies as the King of Buff
foonery. First, he chose to
intervene in the operation
of a private sports enter
prise. but bit off more than
he could chew in George
Marshall, the Redskins
owner. Then he proceeded
to assume the role Of ad-
ministration spokesman on
foreign affairs until PreSi-
dent Kennedy applied the
muzzle. Finally, according
to Peter Edson's article in
the Washington Daily News
Of May 2, 1861. he has been
indirectly seeking political
handouts from the oil and
gas interests.
I am sure the public would
like to know how this ener-
getic Secretary can find time
to protect the national in
terests and administer the
widespread activities Of the
Interior Department, when
the major part Of his time
Evening star., 1961-05-05
Discrimination

The Negro community is
very grateful to President
Kennedy, who is making a
sincere effort to establish the
merit system in the Federal
Government.
From all indications, it ap-
pears that they are getting
down to the level of the sec
tion chiefs, where most of
the trouble lies. Many of
them have been so biased
and unfair that they should
be fired or denoted. This i
true in every Federal depart
ment and, particularly, in the
Post office where such a
large number of Negroes have
failed to be promoted regard
less of the quality of their
work.
c. Herbert Marshall, M. d.
Evening star., 1961-05-05
LETTERS TO THE STAR

appears to be occupied with
extra -curricular affairs of
which he has proven himself
to be something less than a
genius.
OF all the Secretary'S sage
comments, I am most per-
picked at the Sights and
oversights inherent in his
proposal to integrate the
Redskins football club. How
can he conscientiously do this
without insisting on the in
tergration of the Harlem
Globetr OF ers, Lawrence
Welk's band, Khrushchev's
Olympic team and the Ken
nedy touch-football games?
Taxpayer.
Evening star., 1961-05-05
NAsHAGToN SrAR

morning tour, but that the
family used the White House
in the afternoon. TIL whom
does the White House belong?
1t belongs to us, the people.
Our money pays for its re-
pairs, its upkeep, its main
tenance.
Gertrude Hardeman.
Louisville. XIV.
Evening star., 1961-05-05

plying oil to the Soviet
Union.
A wide variety of expert
mental projects now are
being financed in the field
of biological clocks"-the
rhythmic behavior in dozens
Of plants, animals and
micro-organisms.
Analysis of all the basic
regulatory devices of the or
ganisms," says the Founda-
tion report, "is being made
to explain the persistence of
rhythms in behavior"
The gene" basic unit of
heredity in all living things,
is itself a highly complex,
invisibly minute of matter
which carries memories of
the past of the individual
and of the race.
Many Mutations Effected
In the foundation-spon-
Sored experiments a small
section of the genetic mate
rial of a bacterial virus,
containing about 1000 nucle-
otides, has been analyzed by
reconciliation techniques. A
large number of mutations,
nucleotide rearrangements,
of a gene which controls the
ability of the organism to
grow on certain bacteria has
been obtained.
If each mutation" says
the Foundation reports, "af-
fects only a portion of a
gene, then it is possible, by
allowing two viruSes with
different mutant genes to
reproduce within a single
bacterium to obtain progeny
viruses that have the un-
mutated portion of the gene
from each of the parent
viruses.
THE recombined virus is
able to grow on bacterial
cells on which neither of its
parents could grow. If a large
series of mutations are tested
for reconciliation the array
of results expected will de-
pend on how the nucleotides
are connected with each
other. A total of 145 mutant
genes was tested for this
recombination."
Evening star., 1961-05-05
Federal Intervention in School Suit Debated

The Department Of Justice
explains extending its con-
troll to local affairs in Prince
Edward County by saying
that inequality of opportunity
is involved. If so-called in
equality of opportunity allows
the Federal Government to
dictate expenditure of State
funds, this could lead to an
avalanche of Federal control
Of State money in dozens of
situations not related to
schools.
1t would be bad enough for
the Federal Government to
control action in cases involv-
ing Federal funds, but for the
Federal Government to con-
troll State funds is incon-
ceivable. What possible good
could 1t do for Arlington
County dntegrated and crow
ing about it,, as we'll as all
other counties in the State,
to lose State educational
funds because there are no
1ntegrated schools in another
far-away county in the State?
Perhaps the young Attorney
General should read the Con-
stitution of the United States
from beginning to end, for
there is also a provision there
against "cruel and unusual
punishment" 1t might be we'll
for him to read also the 1854
Supreme Court decision,
which does not require schools
"on an integrated basis" but
only prohibits barring any
child from a school because
Of race. If the white children
of Prince Edward County pre-
fer to attend private schools,
there is nothing in the Su-
preme Court decision to force
them to attend a public
school, with or without Ne
groes, and the public schools
would still not be integrated.
If the Department of JUS
tice can control State funds
in this way. it would be only
a step further for the Gov
ernment to control county
and city funds as well. This
Frankenstein may not stop
in Prince Edward County,
Virginia; it could be used
anywhere In the United States
to force whatever action the
Attorney General wants.
Please note that all this is
to be done by Federal court
order, not by due process Of
law. 1t seems to me that
members of Congress should
protest vehemently this novel
and dangerous procedure.
E. r.
Il
Whenever official America
moves to dam up the stream
of self determinations of even
a small community of its
citizens and strikes at the
intrinsic rights of personal
choice, freedom no longer
can reign. The citizens of
Prince Edward County wish
segregated schools for their
children. They dismantled
their public school system
and set up private schools
for the whites but in so doing
they passed no law forbidding
the colored from doing like
wise. They merely decided
this was their choice and paid
the bill. Colored citizens were
given a free hand to eStab-
lish their own schools as it
seemed good to them to do.
In the economic field free
and unfettered competition
Evening star., 1961-05-05

Is our way of life. We glory
in this as the American way.
We prosecute men or firms
who dam up the stream Of
this right but in the social
field we go hay-wire and
blatantly contradict that
which we so strongly insist
upon in the economic field.
Where is the justice in the
course pursued by our Justice
Department? In Prince Ed
ward County they insist that
Peter be robbed to pay Paul.
No thought is given to Peters
loss, for the craze of the age
has blinded the public eye to
the facts.
In one department we use
our highest tribunal to sup
port a tactic of communism
in the course Of community
affairs. We deny rights of
the many to enforce for the
few an excursion into the
special field of a majority
who prefer privacy. Wisdom
and insight should flash the
signal that we are violating
by force a cherished Ameri-
can right. namely, the right
Of personal choice.
William E. Cox.
Middleburg, Va.
y
From Farmville a great
hue and cry goes up against
the Kennedy administrations
threat to intervene and get
1,700 Negro children back
in school in Prince Edward
County. Let's review the basis
for this action.
Twenty years ago the COL
ored children in the Farm
vile High School went out
on strike against the miser-
able conditions in their
school and its three tar
paper shackS to take care of
the overflow. They sought
relief through legal means.
Eventually this case along
with four others got to the
United States Supreme Court
which resulted in the unani-
nous decision of 1854.
The authorities in Prince
Edward were adamant in
refusing to abide by the
court decision. Meanwhile
the county and State Off
cials, politicians and the
Defenders of State Sover-
eighty and Individual Liberty
effected the closing of all
public schools. Seventeen
hundred Negro pupils were
thus deprived of public edu-
cation which exists until to-
day. Several private schools
for white students were set
up by means of contributions
and use of taxpayers money
by illegal subterfuges. Taxes
for public education were
eliminated and deductions of
over $4,000 were allowed for
contributions to the private
schools. Also, 1924 white
children were given tuition
grants from State taxpayers
money which amounts to
more than 100000.
Over 80 per cent of the
Negro citizens refused to
compromise their constitu-
tlonal rights by accepting
tuition grants and handouts
In fact but one parent was
agreeable.
Now that the Federal Gov
ernment has stepped in and
asked the court to open the
public schools and stop using
Evening star., 1961-05-05
Time to File and Foroet

The recommendations for a multi
hillion-dollar public works program,
submitted to President Kennedy by
President Meany of the AFL-CIO, are
consistent with the fallacious view that
big Federal spending is an effective and
desirable pump printing device in any
period OF economic SlacknesS. Actually,
the record of such efforts, most notably
back in the New Deal period of the
193OS, does not support this confidence.
From 1884 to 1910, inclusive, for example,
unemployment never did drop below
14.3 per cent and the average for those
years was close to 177 per cent. At the
same time, continuing deficits were
laying the foundation for the imitation
that has been persistent, though
irregular, during the past quarter of
century.
At this moment, however, the tim
Ing of Mr.. Meany'S recommendations
seems particularly inappropriate. From
the budget standpoint, for instance, the
Kennedy administration already has set
aside estimates advanced by former
President Eisenhower that fiscal 1861
d
SIS billion, and has calculated instead
that there will be a deficit of SIS billion
for the two years. Even this estimate
was made before international events,
particularly in Southeast Asia and Cuba,
took on their present gloomy appearance
with the possibility that further in
creaseS in security expenditures will be
needed.
Mr.. Meany gave this budget prob
lem only casual attention, incidentally,
and even suggested temporary reduc-
ton in income taxes while proposing
the higher spending. Some of these
(spending) things bring in their own
income" he added. They step up busi-
ness and they increase the tax return"
theory that would take some time to
prove, If proved at all
On at least one other ground, there
are reasons to question the timing of
big, new public works program right
now. In recent weeks, economists both
in and out of Government have been
pretty much in agreement that a buSi-
ness upturn already has started and the
latest evidence tends to confirm this
opinion. For example, within the past
few days, Government sources reported
the following: Manufacturers sales and
new orders increased in March for the
second straight month, reaching the
highest levels since last autumn Factory
inventories declined at a faster pace
than in the two preceding months
Spending on new construction projects
in April showed its usual seasonal pick
up. The number of workers collecting
unemployment benefits declined in the
week ended April Is for the eighth
consecutive week. Steel output this
week promises to increase for the eighth
consecutive week, also, and some
companies describe steel orders from the
automobile industry as the best since
last June.
The administration itself has taken
some steps, of course, to stimulate the
economy. One of the most direct was
set in motion just this week when Presi-
dent Kennedy signed the 1884, million
depressed areas bill. Others already
are in operation or we'll along the
legislative pipeline. Against this back
ground, there is no justification for
adopting whole new series of massive
spending proposals.
Evening star., 1961-05-05
Whose White House?

On what meat doth this,
our Caesar, eat that he has
grown so great?
For the first time in this
century the OAR was refused
its afternoon going through
the White House, the OAR
whose ancestors fought, bled
and some died to establish a
White House where the head
Of government could live.
Mr.. Kennedy wrote that
they could come on q regular
Evening star., 1961-05-05
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
VeqtobIeIike Animals of the Sea
BY THOMAS R. HENRY

Tiny animal-plants build
mountains which are gigan-
tic "sponges."
Under auspices Of the Ma
tional Science Foundation
DR.. Maxim K. Elias, of the
University of Oklahoma has
just undertaken an intensive
study of the ways of life of
the bryoZoa, tiny marine or
ganiSms which are known as
moss animals" because of
their superficial resemblance
to moss plants. They belong,
however, we'll within the
animal kingdom.
The little creatures abound
in the seas in well-nigh
infinite numbers all over the
earth. Each is enclosed in
a shell of limestone-like
material of exceptionally del
icate structure. Through the
milleniums these shells ac-
cumulate in masses that
form great reefs. These ap-
pear as low mountains when
the seas retreat.
Source of Oil
Some of the largest reefs.
estimated to be about 240
million years DID," says the
Foundation report on the
project, now are found in
the western approaches to
the Ural Mountains. These
reefs act like giant sponges
which often become satu-
rated with oil. They are, in
fact, the principal source of
petroleum in Russia"
Closely associated with the
bryozoa as mountain builders
are tiny shelled worms often
found associated with colo
nies of the moss animals.
The work constitutes one
of the latest biological prof.
ects of the National Founda-
ton, which is supporting a
broad program, in UNIVERSE
ties and other science lab
oratories, of investigation of
nearly every form of life
known on the planet. The
most obscure creatures, such
as the bryozoa, often play a
big but unrecognized part in
human affairs, such as sup
Evening star., 1961-05-05

tax money to thwart the law
Of the land and the constitu-
tional rights of Negroes a
great calamitous cry has
come from those who still
believe in the Gobineau phi
losophy of the 18th century.
While the United States is
trying to help democracy live
in Laos and Cuba why not in
Prince Edward County?
E. B. Henderson,
Publicity Chairman, Virginia
State NAACP.
I am writing in support of
the two letters you printed
regarding the Prince Edward
County, Virginia, school case.
Even though I have been
seething for the past seven
years, I have somehow found
it possible to withhold my
wrath from public consump-
tion until this time. Now
though, I cannot extend that
record any longer.
I must agree with the
authors of the two letters
that we are witnessing the
demise of not only States
rights but of county govern
ment as we'll. We have come
to a point in this country
when an adherence to the
constitutional principle of
States rights is tantamount
to a hatred of Negroes simply
because they are Negroes.
States rights actually means
that very thing, and nothing
else to so many people! They
don't realize that this prin-
ciple of Government affects
North and South, East and
West, with equal Importance.
Maine and Michigan could
be intimidated, too, don't
forget!
This fantastic ignorance of
the law can be traced to the
influence of such question:
able organizations as the
Americans for Democratic
Action and the NAACP.
America is so full of organ
izationS that we cannot see
the forest for the trees. Each
neurotic entity fights for its
own little bleeding heart
principle, with never a
thought for the whole coun-
try. With the advent of the
Prince Edward school case
the biggest bleeding heart of
them all belongs to that
great Bay State acolyte, our
Attorney General.
That person dares to de-
mand that the sovereign
State of Virginia be pre-
vented from spending any
money on public schools any,
where in the State until
Prince Edward opens it's
schools again. No wonder we
have such apathy in this
country! Who would even
attempt to thwart the powers
responsible for the loss of
freedom in some land half
way across the globe when
we are so rapidly losing our
own just a few miles away?
There's a little document
that contains a clarification
for his fuzzy thinking as well
as a provision for his ulti-
mate fate: it's called the
Constitution of the United
States of America.
To use a well-worn phrase.
I am for the impeachment of
Bob Kennedy with all de-
liberate speed"
Florence King.
Evening star., 1961-05-05

Board is said to believe that the advertis-
ing prohibition would result in more
orderly marketing" of liquor in the
District. Whatever this means, it
hardly sounds as If the result would
be of benefit to the public, at least in
the matter of dollars and cents.
Evening star., 1961-05-05
PARIS.

AA4b4A|g
Pierre Salinger, the White
House press chief, has been
in town the last few days to
work out the details of Presi-
dent Kennedy's visit to Paris
at the end of the month. The
form al arrangements, one
may assume, present no great
problems, and the President
can expect the full red car
pet treatment on a scale
that only France is able to
provide.
When it comes to the at
mosphere in which the visit
will take place, however, Mr..
Salinger has been getting a
disagreeable earful. An orgy
Of rumor and gossip over the
alleged involvement of Amer
ican secret agents in the re-
cent army uprising against
Gen. De Gaulle has now
reached a kind of weird Gre
scendo. There is no promise
at all that the din will sub
side to sane proportions be-
tween now and the time of
the Presidents arrival on
May 81.
There is now virtually no
limit to the nonsense that is
being eagerly pushed around
town and just as eagerly
snapped up. The phones buzz
with the latest juicy tidbits
from undisclosed but always
impeccable sources. Many of
the hottest seem to stem from
mysterious revelations" of
former Gen. Maurice Challe,
who is being held incommu-
nicado at Sante Prison.
Among other thing S
Frenchmen are saying (and
believing) at this point:
That the insurrectionary
movement was assured of
American recognition within
48 hours after a successful
coup overthrowing Gen. De
Gaulle.
That Brig. Gen. C. Coburn
Smith, American military at
tache in Paris, went to AL
geria before the coup to Co
ordinate" American support
for the rebellious generals.
That Mr.. Kennedy's mes
Sages of support for Gen. De
Gaulle during the crisis
were simply a cover" for the
real maneuver mounted by
CIA.
That the NATO Supreme
commander, Gen. LauriS
Norstad, will be relieved OF
his command within two
weeks.
That the three fugitive
leaders of the insurrection-
ex-Generals Salan, Zeller anc
Jouhaud-are not in Algier'
at all but in Washington.
Hope for a Collapse
The main hope one car
cling to is that if it keepI
growing at its present rat'
the whole fantasy will even
tually collapse from thu
weight of its own absurdity
But the curious thing to b,
remarked today is that thu
more incredible it is the mort
quickly a new rumor viii
spread.
The press-and by M
means the most irresponsible
element of its having ;
field day. This weeks "Ex
press" devotes two full page
to "Challe and the CIA," af
firming among other thing
that:
Knowing the Sobriety, tn,
prudence and ambition o
Gen. Challe, all of mis- clos,
friends are convinced toda,
that he was encouraged b,
his companions cat NATO)
In the course of the fina
conversations which he hat
in Paris certain American
agents must have told hin
succeed quickly-in less thai
48 hourS-in a technica