davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-08-23
A System Indicted

quietly, ana more IN sorrow than
in bitterness or anger, DR.. Mikhail A.
Klochko, Soviet chemist of consider
able distinction, has explained why he
has detected from his country and
sought asylum in Canada. He has done
so not simply because Communist
bureaucracy has Disseminated against
him, or because he has been obliged to
live in malodorouS one-room basement
hovel in Moscow, but primarily, and
above all because of a yearning to be
free.
Let DR.. Klochko make the point in
his own words, as addressed to a news
conference in Ottawa: "I decided to
leave the USSR five years ago.. was
depressed by the lack of contact with
the outside world, the falSity of infor-
nation, and the difficulty of self
expression. :. . Nobody tempted me here.
was not tempted by any material
considerations, but was forced to take
this action to seek freedom of scientific
expression and to save what is left of
my human Self-respect. {. 1t is the lack
of human dignity in the USSR that
hurtS most.
In its own way, this statement
constitutes as eloquent a commentary
on the Communist system as the flight
of East Germans to the West-a flight
now stopped in Berlin by the sudden
erection of thick concrete walls and
cruel barriers of barbed wire. Indeed,
these latter things, these outward signs
of the priSonhouse that exists every
where behind the Iron Curtain, add up,
along with such events as DR.. KlochkoS
detection, to about as damning an in
dictment of Red totalitarianiSm as has
ever been handed down.
Evening star., 1961-08-23
Cold War Casualty

Somewhere in the sometimes OBJ
Scure regions of diplomatic reasoning
it may be logical to take a Stiff-neckcG
quid pro quo, tit for tat, attitude toward
issues in international dispute. Broadly
speaking, this may properly be con-
Sidered part of the bargaining process
or at least part of the maneuvering
prior to the real bargaining.
Presumably, the matter of
RuSSian-American agreement on recip-,
rocal commercial air service between
category of being only another pawn
on the giant table of cold war bar
gaining between East and West AS of
now, anyway, it is a casualty of the
cold war-of what our State Depart
ment has termed "the international
Situation"-an what seemed to be
the mutually acceptable arrangements
worked out during several recent weeks
of amicable negotiations have now been
put in the deep freeze"
For the record, the decision in this
case is one that was made by our own
Government and with a public ex-
planation that is something less than
inSpirational. While we are being given
to understand in various ways that a
favorable climate is being sought for
negotiations on the overriding issue of
Berlin, it is our decision to stop midway
between the inScribing of initials and
the inScribing of a full and official
signature to an agreement already
reached (and initialled) on civil air
transport.
It is possible, just possible, that
this will help to create, or to force, the
favorable climate that we desire for
negotiations on an issue of deeper i'm
portance. On the other hand, for once
at least, there may be some grounds
for the more-sorrow- -than-anger COM
ment of the chief of the Soviet airline
negotiating team here that our last
minute unWillingneSS to sign something
already agreed to cannot be regarded
as step toward improving" Russian
American relations.
Evening star., 1961-08-23
The Jogons of Guiana

II there is any reasonable doubt
about the future political course of
British Guiana, certainly there is none
about the popular electoral support of
DR.. Cheddi Jagan, leader of the left
wing Peoples Progressive Party, and
his American-born wife, Janet. For in
this weeks legislative elections, DR..
Jagan has carried his party to it's third
consecutive victory in eight years. With
80 assembly seats at stake, the PIP is
assured of at least 49, The party scored
comparable victories, with DR.. Jagan
also at the head of the ticket, in 1858
and 1857.
The explanation of DR.. Jagan's
political success is relatively simple
one. Approximately half of the 100000
plus population of the British Crown
Colony on the northeast shoulder of
South America is of East Indian birth
or ancestry, brought to the colony
originally as plantation workers. DR..
Jagan himself is of East Indian descent,
was educated in Washington and
Chicago as a dentist, and is possessed
of skillS as a political orator and
demagogue. While he has been described
as "a muddle-headed Marxist" of at
tractive personality, Mrs. Jagan, native
of Chicago, has been described as
popular and particularly able in the
field of political organization. In all
three elections, the East Indian bloc has
voted almost solidly with the Jagans.
Any effort to predict what Dr.
.Jagan may do next is not as simple In
1858, British authorities set aside the
colonial constitution and the election
results and jailed both Jagans briefly
on grounds they were fostering crisis
in public order and economic affairs
When the second election was allowed
in 1857, the JaganS returned to power
and have Steered the government
steadily leftward in the years since
Both the JaganS have expressed ad-
miration for Fidel Castro of Cuba, but
the fact that the economy of the colony
is closely linked with that of the British
Commonwealth may deter them from
Evening star., 1961-08-23
NucIeor Policies

The head of the Washing
ton Committee for a Sane
Nuclear Policy made bitter
jokes in a recent letter about
people who are building shell
terS and trying to protect
themselves in event of an
enemy attack. I think such
actions are quite sane.
He left us with the impress
sion that the only way we
will become involved in nu-
clear war is through our own
"lunacy." We also gathered
that we are the advocates of
war and that chaotic world
conditions are caused by the
United States rather than
Russia. Had he said that our
firm stand for our way of life
and government might in
VOlVe us IN war, 1 mlgnC nave
believed him.
Is it more important to
the Committee for a Sane
Nuclear Policy that we have
peace at any price, or that
we preserve a way of life in
which we believe?
Let this group spend as
much energy on getting Rus
Sia to adopt a sane nuclear
policy as they are in trying
to convince us about such a
course and they will get
more support from more
Americans.
Donald w. OsgOOd.
Evening star., 1961-08-23
Fiery Legislators

The recent airplane hijack-
ings are a serious matter, but
even more disturbing has
been the quality of Congress
sional reaction. Sounding like
schoolboys itching for a fight,
some members of Congress
have been high in wind We
locity but sadly lacking in
anything similar to states
manship. Unwilling to wait
for the facts, they have
quickly jumped to wrong con-
clusionS in their call for
bloodShed.
They would do well to fol-
low the Presidents prudent
course. In his press confer
ence he emphasized how
much more important were
the present Inter-American
Economic Conference and
the basic problems it is at
tempting to meet.
The problem of commu-
nism in this hemisphere is
much more than an irrita-
ton to our collective ego.
Contrary to the current hys-
terra, even if Cuba should
sink below the Caribbean the
challenge to America would
remain. 1t is the challenge of
a social revolution which
cannot be stopped. Whether
it will be democratic or vio-
lently communistic depends
in no small measure on our
attitude and approach.
But what constructive
leadership does Congress Of
fer? 1t shows more indigna-
ton over the plight of one
Evening star., 1961-08-23
Defends Chief Justice

AS a student of the Su-
preme Court I challenge
F. w. Barnes letter stating
the record of Chief Justice
Earl Warren is "overwhelm-
ingly pro-Communist and
anti-United States" There is
no shred of evidence to sup
port this, as far as I know.
AS a law student and as
an attorney I have read with
great care almost all of the
opinions of the court since
Mr.. Warren became Chief
Justice of the United States.
I have written a comprehen-
sive research paper on Cur
rent Criticisms of the Su-
preme Court" analyzing all
criticisms offered and every
case that was disputed by
the critics. I do not claim
to be an expert on the court,
but I have read the record.
The record shows a Su-
preme Court alert in pro-
tecting the rights of individ-
ualS (anathema to commu-
nism), tender toward relig-
iouS liberty Gin contrast to
the atheism of dialectical
materialism), firm in up
holding the defense of pri-
vate property (valueless in
a Communist State), and in
sistent on having Govern
ment officials adhere to the
rules they themselves set up
(not make them up as they
go along, a la KhruShchev
and CaStro). No, the record
is not communistic.
1t might be contended
that the decisions weaken
our country and so advance
communism by introducing
too much democracy. 1 find
it a rather dubious argument
to contend that because
communism has made our
enemies so strong we must
also become communiStic to
prevent communism. This
approach could only come
from a mind disordered by
the flatulence of its own
rhetoric.
The John Birch Society is
a group of timid old ladies,
frightened by the future,
aching for the dead past, and
lashing out against any rea-
soned efforts to solve the
problems of America. In
stead of trying to besmirch
the valor of Chief Justice
Warren they might Scrape up
the decency to point out Spe-
cific errors in his decisions.
Most of the bitter critics
of the court fail about at
random, and find that when
they arrive at specifics. their
criticism must be watered
down. I might agree with a
scholar that this decision or
that is sloppily written but
I doubt very much that any
one could argue, on the rec
ord, that any decision is pro-
Communist or anti
American.
John Holte Hagen, ]. D.,
Member of District OF
Columbia and
Minnesota Bars.
Evening star., 1961-08-23
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Complex Engine Yielding Secrets
By THOMAS r. HENRY

Science is on the verge of
discovering precisely how en-
zymes work to carry out the
chemical reactions essential
to living and which go on in
all living things.
This was reported to the
International Conference on
Biochemistry in Moscow by
DR.. Frank H. WeStheimer,
of Harvard. Although the
mechanism of engines re-
mains one of the great prob
lens of modern chemistry, he
said, it now is yielding to
many pieces of information
and deductions from labora-
tories all over the world.
Engines are giant protein
molecules made up of thou
sands of atoms. There is
an enormous variety of them
in the body. Their job is
to initiate and promote the
thousands of biochemical &C
tivities of life, but they them
selves do not enter into these
activities. They are the "bos-
SeS" that give orders.
Very SeIective
Each engine promotes only
one specific reaction. They
are so Selective that hun
dreds of different reactions
can go on inside a living
cell, animal or plant, at the
same time, each directed by a
different boss. Superb
cially these boss units" in
side the cells seem very much
alike. They differ apparently
only in the arrangement of
amino acids, the building
stones of all proteins, in
their makeup. This is, at the
best, extremely complex.
But now, DR.. Westheimer
reported, one of the most
important of them, ribo-
nuclease, has been analyzed
to the point where the pre-
else number and arrange
ment of the building stones
are known. This great
achievement is the work of
chemists at the Rockefeller
Institute.
Engines and their reac-
tionS are necessarily ex-
tremely complex. Based
largely on the ribonuclease
work, DR.. WeStheimer said,
he and other chemists have
been able to construct sim
pier models which mimic
very closely, although never
exactly, the reactions found
in living cells.
Evening star., 1961-08-23
World Disarmament

Disarmament as such, can
not be accomplished without
the cooperation of the world
powers, both free and Com
munist. At this present date,
with the cold war at a peak
due to the Berlin crisis, to
the average United States
citizen, any idea concerning
disarmament might seem to-
tally out of place. However.
in order to be realistic, we
might look toward the future
with some notion that world
disarmament, except for the
forces needed to apply inter-
national sanctions would be
the accepted condition of
international life" excerpt
from President Kennedy's
June 20 me essage to Con-
greSS).
At the present time, it does
not seem that disarmament
would come into being during
the next few years. However.
in five to 10 years, conditions
may exist that might war
rant serious thinking on this
matter. A country can be-
come so powerful, in the
military sense, that it would
either keep its nuclear stock
pile of ornaments ready for
any action that may warrant
their use yet not consider dis
armament or keep this stock
pile of nuclear weapons but
at the same time, make an
honest effort to formulate
constructive plans for dis
armament.
The bill, Disarmament
Act for World Peace and
Security" HR. 1887, is de-
signed to increase the num-
Der of people in the United
States Disarmament Admin
istration from 85 to $50 and
increase the budget from
100000 to Sc million. Yet,
at the same time, the United
States would naturally keep
very strong in the military,
political, social, and eco
nomic aspects.
With the passage of this
bill, we will help to establish
a precedent in modern his
tory that of, a country
in the Free World, by it's
own actions, strengthening a
branch of its Government to
search for new ways to for
mulate plans for world dis
armament under the control
of the United Nations.
John Seiden.
Evening star., 1961-08-23
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used If
letters carry tDrtterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
terS ore subject to condenSd-
ton. Those not used iptl be
returned only lDhen accom-
panied By self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-08-23
Obstacle Course

I was quite intrigued by
the following statement of
Ghana's Kwame Nkrumah in
Albania recently: 1--WE have
travelled behind the iron
curtain, and I can truly say
and no matter who quotes
my words-that I could see
no iron curtain anywhere nor
have I ever felt this curtain"
With all due respect to Mr..
Nkrumah, I say that some
times it is difficult to see or
feel the iron curtain. You see,
sir, the barbed wire gets in
the way.
Observer.
Evening star., 1961-08-23

open alliance with either CastroiSm or
communism. Under the present con-
Stitution, Britain retains control of
defense and foreign policy with the
provision that complete independence
may be granted within two years.
Almost surely, the Jagans will demand
it soon. What they do after that is the
question of greater Importance.
Evening star., 1961-08-23

AS progress in this field
continues, he told the con-
ference, chemists may be able
to create in the laboratory
synthetic structures with the
power and Selectivity of en-
zymeS themselves. This would
be an enormous forward
step in the history of medi-
cine.
The new tranquilizing pills
now sold by the millions to
an increasing neurotic gen.
GRAFTON, work by interfering
with the engine activity in
side nerve cells.
This was reported to the
World Conference on Bio
chemistry in Moscow by a
research team of biochemists
from the University of Ne
braSka.
Engines are the chemical
units inside cells which in
itiate and stimulate the
chemical reactions of living.
Information on how the
drugs act upon them, the
Nebraska team headed by
DR.. Herbert P. jacob believe,
will offer insight into the
causes of the patholical men,
tai states which the tranquil
izerS appear favorably to al
ter.
At present these TRANQUIL
izerS are both prescribed and
taken almost indiScrimi-
nately with little idea of pos
Sible far-reaching effects. It
is essential eventually to de-
termine what groups of pa
tients should receive which
drug in what dosage and for
how long.
Most Striking Effect
OF the many nerve engines
studied by the Nebraska
group the most striking ef-
feet has been obtained from
one known as glutamic de-
carboxylose. This is found in
the cells of the brain. Its
particular function is to con-
vert glutamic acid, one of the
substances into which food
is broken down, into a sub
stance known as gamma
aminobutyric acid. This is
known to inhibit nervous &C
tivity and hold it under some
sort of control.
The Nebraska workers have
observed, DR.. jacob reported.
that various tranquiliZers
markedly augment the action
of this engine.
Evening star., 1961-08-23

airplane than over the over
whelming misery in which
the mass Of Latin Americans
must live. Congress wasn't
concerned with the plight Of
the Cuban people prior to
Castro. Must it repeat its
mistake?
Douglas Watson.
Evening star., 1961-08-23

the book taken from the
bookcase in the darkened.
musty parlor with the rug on
the floor, the rug with the
picture of the Shetland pony
woven in it, oh, mighty work
of art, and the only rug in
the farmhouse.
You recall the blacksmith
shop where the farm horses
were shod, the puff Of the
bellows, the acrid smell Of
coal smoke as the Goals burn
white hot and the metal
matches it's whiteness. You
recall the heavy, burned,
grease smell of the horses
hoof as a hot iron smoothed
out the marks Of the raSp.
You remember the sound
of the hammer, the sparks,
the scorching hiss of the hot
metal in the water-filled
wooden tub. You can smell,
even yet, the smell of the
horse and you can feel even
yet the velvet of his nose and
see him stamp and switch
his tail at flies. Of the grand
eur of the blacksmith and
his skill and his bravery with
horses; his quick mailing of
the shoes. his majestic shap-
ing of a plow blade; his great
clatter with an iron wheel.
You remember the clean
smell of leather and of the
rubber on the buggy wheels.
And, of the day you were al
lowed to pull the handle of
the bellows and see how the
air you pumped made the
iron hot and white. You re-
member, but sleep will not
come. ..
First View of a Train
You remember your first
train, held high in your
fathers arms, seeing it come
through a gathering dark,
hearing its whistle; hearing
its mighty rush of steam and
driving wheels, wanting to
turn away your eyes, but
holding them on the great,
dark, fire-lit thing which
rushed out of the gloom,
soaring the horses, splitting
steam, changing q hell until
it stopped before your eyes
and the engineer waved. Re
membering how people called
out Goodbye" and came
and went, and how the train
pulled out and was gone,
lighting g bit of sky with red
as it flung hoarsely and
clamorously around a curve
and out of sight-the first
train.
You remember the first
visit to the dim-lit general
store and the grandeur of its
stalk of bananas and the
great yellow smell of them:
the mysterious smells of soap
and dry goods and kerosene
and saddles and harness, all
fighting to get into the nose
and say to the olfactory
nerves, Smell me, I am the
best"
You remember all these
and more and the dog still
barkS and the night noises
still go on, until finally the
bell shrillS, and you wake and
it is morning and another
fragment of dream hurries
out of the mind and you Won
der if the coffee is ready.
What was a dream and
what was not? And what is
the stuff of dreams and
memory, and what acid is it
that etches some dreams and
things seen on the plate of
memory and lets others hurry
off into the darkness of for
ever forgotten things?
Evening star., 1961-08-23
THE PASSING SCENE
Tryinq to Catch q Broken Dream
By RALPH McGILL

You wake in the dark. A
dream, a fragment of it still
in your mind, escapes with
your waking and you try to
pull the fragment back and
make again the whole dream.
1t will not come, and as you
struggle with the fragment
it slips away between the
clutching fingers of remem-
brance and is gone.
You lie there listening,
the noises of the night. The
dog that barks far away,
long and continuously as if
mourning some loss. You
hear the noise of a few night
insects, not yet driven away
by the cold of early fall. An
acorn falls on the slate roof,
making a crashing sound all
out of proportion with the
size of the acorn, and you
wonder that you never hear
them in the day.
LincOln's Last Dream
Your own dog SnuffS by
outside the window and you
hear him snarl, low and soft,
as if he doubts that he hears
anything but wishes to in
form the mystery that has
aroused him that he is awake
and aware. Far away the
other dog barkS on, no chal-
lenge in his barking but in
stead a troubled, futile note,
as if the cosmic flea were
biting him and he could not
scratch it.
You try to recapture the
dream, but it is gone and
the memory will not catch
up any fleeting latter of it.
SleepleSS, you try to recall
old dreams of day and night
and you try to read into
them meanings or fit a we'll
remembered dream into the
meaning and the current of
life. The stuff of dreams is
one of mans mysteries and
always he hopes and fears
something will be revealed
to him in a dream.
Lincoln saw, three times
before the night the bullet
crashed into his brain, a
Shadowy boat with a Shad-
owy figure at its bow, COM
ing to take him away across
turbulent seas. Many men in
many years have found some
dream startling them out of
sleep and fitted it into some
event of the days ahead
when finally that event came
and fitted the dream.
The mind will not bring
back the old dreams with
clarity. You remember a
troubled dream of seeking
someone through an empty
house; of vague, distressed
searches. Fragments of old
Nightmares come back, of
fleeing some great danger; or
being in some sunny cline
where all was music and light
and laughter. But the old
dreams will not come back.
You try to recall the old
day dreams and go back to
the small boy, sitting on a
farm porch, watching the
rain sweep across a meadow;
seeing the trees bend and
sway in the bottoms along
the river; feeling even yet
the GOODNESS of rain blown
against the face; smelling
even yet the sweet smell of
wet grasses and corn.
You recall the old book
with the picture of Indian
raids and Civil War charges
with the swords out and the
flags waving. You can smell,
even yet, the musty pages of
Evening star., 1961-08-23
Fitting Memorial

1 read with some SatlSfac-
ton that Senator LauSche
has raised his voice in dis
sent in the matter of the
proposed Madison memorial.
Unlike the Senator, I am not
concerned with President
Madison'S annual budget.
I do feel, however, that a
$39 million marble tribute is
not something we have a cry
ing need for. There are so
many crying needs in the
fields of economics, educa-
ton, and medicine that we
can surely spend our dollars
more intelligently.
Unless we begin to care
more about the welfare of
people than we do about
"dignified marble edificeS, I"
our children and grandchil-
dren will inherit some of the
most dreaded of "the heart
aches and the thousands of
natural ills that flesh is heir
to"-among which are can
Ger, cerebral palsy, leukemia,
epilepsy, multiple Sclerosis,
muscular distrophy-to name
just a few.
A fitting memorial for a
President of a free nation
would be a research endow-
ment which might strike a
telling blow in the battle to
liberate man from the tyran-
ny of disease. In the contest
for the minds of men, hu-
manitarian endeavorS will
serve us far better than will
the erection of still another
public building.
Eileen WOlfsOn.
Il II y 4
Senator Lausche of my
State is to be commended
for criticizing the expendi-
ture of $39 million for erec-
ton of another memorial
even to James Madison.
Since Madison turned from
the idea of a powerful CEN
tral Government and recog-
nized the dangers therefrom,
he would be a deterrent,
perhaps, to the "Wild Asses"
abroad in Washington today.
However, he would be the
first to recognize the fact
that we must conserve our
resources for the very sur
vival of this Nation of free
men. He would see no point
in making Washington look
like a cemetery. And thus
jumping the gun" on
Khrushchev.
EVA Shelton Tomb.
Holland, Ohio.