davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-05-28
Oyster Crisis on the Bay

Chesapeake Bay, long famed for its
Succulent oysters, is facing crisis of
major concern not only to its rugged
fishing folk but to all gourmetS in the
bays land of pleasant living" For
SOME years now, the oyster beds in the
Bay have been attacked by several
types of blight" with the result
that the entire oystering industry is
threatened with serious economic loss.
And so far no cure for the blight has
been found.
recent Associated Press story told
of plans of several Norfolk oyster plants
to close down permanently, because Of
the scarcity of bivalves in beds usually
prime sources Of harvest. Nor is the
situation confined to the Norfolk area.
Similar effects of the oyster blight are
being felt throughout most of the
Bay area.
Scientists investigating the whole
sale deaths of oysters have attributed
the calamity to several enemies of the
Shellfish, including mysterious virus
known as MSX. How to immunize
oysters against such viruses is problem
which marine biologists are trying to
solve. It may be that disease-resistant
variety of oyster can be developed-but
this probably would take years. Mean
while, many oystermen are being forced
to turn to other means of livelihood.
1t looks as though there are sad days
ahead for those who fish and process
them, as well as for those who enjoy
Chesapeake Bay oysters on the half
shell, scalloped, fried or in creamy
stew.
Evening star., 1961-05-28
so Years Ago

That New York fun-factory,
Coney Island, had a night
marish evening on May 26,
1911, when a SO million fire
wiped out Dreamland, larg-
est of the amusement parks
there. The Star said About
200 buildings were burned
down and perhaps 1000 per-
sons, concessionaires and en-
ployes, we're turned into the
streets, homeless and penni-
less. The fire started in the
tarred scaffoldings of Hell's
Gate a scenic railway close
to Dreamland'S entrance.
Beasts in a nearby animal
show were in a panic. While
policemen with drawn revol-
vers stood by, trainers drove
their charges from cages down
runways into emergency vans.
All went we'll until the biggest
of the lions broke loose, and
leaped into the street packed
by a throng of spectators.
The crowd dispersed and :.
six mounted officers wounded
the lion, who skunk off into
the tunnels Of the Rocky
Road to Dublin The beast
made its last stand in a black
corner beneath painted
scenery of equatorial
Africa. :"
Evening star., 1961-05-28

lens, but moving steadily toward a
return to constitutional government.
This return has been slower than he first
predicted and the free world had hoped.
Within a few weeks, however, the
proposed new democratic constitution
will go to the people in referendum.
There isn't shred of doubt that it will
be approved. The final act in the drama
of Gen. GurselS declared rededication
to democratic principles will be the
national elections. The General has
promised that these will be held by next
October 80, the anniversary of the
founding of the Turkish Republic by
Ataturk in 1928.
We hope that nothing interferes
with this pledge of the General, who
has proven in the last year that he is a
staunch friend of NATO and the United
States.
Evening star., 1961-05-28
Troctor-Prisoner Deal

nedy money that put him
into, the White House, the
tractors should be bought
and paid for with Kennedy
money. Eisenhower's foreign
land domestic) policy never
looked so good as now!
David Hughes.
Having sold our scrap iron
to Japan some years ago. we
soon got it back in bullets.
Is it possible we are so stupid
in learning from experience
that we can disregard the
good Democratic Senator
from Connecticut who de-
manded an immediate halt
to the activities of the "Trac-
tors for Freedom" movement.
Tractors may be vitality
needed to aid in the con-
struction of runways for jet
planes, to be based Just a few
miles from our shore. A con-
crete runway miles long and
over half a mile in width
would please a potential en-
emy beyond our most fertile
imagination.
DIR. Walter A. Leas.
Evening star., 1961-05-28
Supporting the JCS

Defense Secretary Mcnamara, some
what belatedly, has spoken out emphat-
ically in support of the Joint Chiefs
Of staff. Some such statement as this
was neceSsary-unlesS the civilian off,
cials were prepared to risk the destruc-
ton of public confidence in the jos.
In his reference to the Cuban flasco,
Mr.. Mcnamara said that he is respon-
Sible for the operations of the Defense
Department, and that ANY errors,
therefore, are my errors. They are not
to be charged to others" He also said
he hoped the Joint Chiefs would serve
their full terms, that they are "intelli-
gent, experienced, dedicated men," and
that II consider it very great honor
to be associated with them"
This, of course, does not really get
to the heart of the matter. It sheds
little or no light on the precise role
played by the jos in the Cuban inva-
sion, nor does it quite add up to an
expression of full confidence in their
professional competence. With respect
to the former point, we think the details
should be made public. There is no
apparent security reason why this can
not be done. And unless it is done many
people, ourselves included, will refuse
to believe that the Joint Chiefs gave
their approval to the inept landing
effort which actually was undertaken.
The assumption by Mr.. Mcnamara of
responsibility, which had been as
sumed earlier by the President, does
not of itself do justice to the Joint
Chiefs. Nor does it satisfy the legitimate
public desire to know whether our top
military leaders blundered as egregi-
ously as some politicians would have
us believe.
Evening star., 1961-05-28
rs Years Ago

England's famed Scotland
Yard, long considered the
the worlds top crime-de-
tecting agency, took a bow
to our own Federal Bureau
of Investigation Is years ago.
The Star revealed on May
26, 1886, that members Of
London's celebrated police
were here to study FBI
methods, saying: Having
already adopted personnel
standards patterned after.
special agents of the FBI,
Scotland Yard has sent men
here to examine the whole
American system Of detec-
ton and apprehension of
criminals Col. Frank
Brook, chief constable for
England and Wales, said the
lack of gangster crimes in
England was due to the fact.
that it is difficult to escape
from England's shores after
a crime is committed. Also.
punishment in the courts is
certain and quick. :"
Evening star., 1961-05-28

The image Of America as
depicted by:
Charles Cotesworth Pink
ney. Millions for defense,
but not one cent for tribute.
Andrew jackson, If any
man pulls down the Ameri-
can flag-shoot him on the
spot"
Theodore Roosevelt, "Perdi-
caris alive, or Raisuli dead"
John Fitzgerald Kennedy,
Eleanor Roosevelt, Milton
Eisenhower, Walter Reuther,
Jacob Javits, ct al. PAY
Communist Cuba the black
mail 1t demands"
o, tempora! o. mores!
George C. Warner, jr.
4 4
President Kennedy pulled
his Cuban invasion blooper,
in spite of the advice Of his
Secretary Of State, and now
is asking the American peo-
pie to bail him out by buying
tractors for Castro. Is this
the kind of Leadership for
the SOS" he so glowingly
promised to give us? sug-
gest that since it was Ken
Evening star., 1961-05-28
FROM THE STAR FILES.
100 Years AGO

The Stars editor, w. D.
Wallach. became personally
involved in the Civil War
a century ago. A solid Union
man, he found himself in the
strange position of defend
ing the Confederates-all in
the interest of fair play. On
May 20, 1861, this paper re-
printed the following Wash
ington datelined item from
the New York Post: 1T is a
curious fact that the Con-
federate troops at Culpeper
are entrenched upon the
plantation of Mr.. Wallach,
the editor and proprietor of
The Evening Star of this city.
Mr.. Wallach has from the
start stood firmly by the
United States Government,
and Of late entirely at the
risk of his Culpeper estate.
He, of course, has not put
himself within the power of
the rebels of Virginia, but
his wife has carried on the
business of the plantation,
seeing to the Negroes and the
planting alone. When our
troops get as far down as
this place, Mr.. Wallach can
get a peek at his plantation,
and not well before. :"
To this, The Stars editor re-
piled: THE Posts correspond
ent has been misinformed re-
lative to the occupation Of
any portion of the estate of
the family of the editor of
The Star, as a place of en-
campment of disunion troops.
Not long since there existed
a disposition so to occupy one
of the fields conveniently sit
uated to that end, but the dis
union commander. on learn
ing that the farm was oc-
cupied by and the property Of
q lady and children, at once
gave over that intention. 1t
affords us pleasure to be able
to say that neither the prem
ises nor property in question
have been in any manner
molested by the diSunionistS
on account of the firmness
with which the editor of The
Star has discharged his duty
as a citizen Of the United
States. On the contrary, every
consideration conceivable has
been accorded to his defense
less wife and children (all Of
whom are females) by their
neighbors. though all of the
latter now profess sympathy
Evening star., 1961-05-28
LETTERS TO THE STAR
Chairman B|otnik Tells of Hiohwoy Probe

detailed investigations, which
have become the hallmark of
this committee.
The allegations concerning
Massachusetts, had not yet
been investigated by the
staff. The situation in Mas
sachusetts is. to say the least.
complex. The allegations in
volve a number of right of
way acquisitions in that
State. Before commencing an
investigation, it was first nee
essary to await from the Bu-
reau Of Public Roads the re-
suits Of a preliminary survey
Of a large number Of real es-
tate takings. This work was
not completed until December
Of last year. Immediately
following the receipt Of this
data. an office was opened in
Massachusetts, by the Sub
committee. For the past five
months a staff has been as
signed to this work and has
been patiently and painstak-
ingly developing the facts in
the same manner which has
typified their work In the
past.
We, then are committed to
ferreting out the facts Of the
situation and have bent every
effort to that end. How 9TH
ers. who have access to moth
ing more than a collection of
newspaper articles contain
ing charges and speculation,
can term the situation the
worst in the Nation" is be-
yond me. 1t presupposes not
only knowledge of fact Of
what has transpired in Mas
sachusetts, but everywhere
else as well.
Perhaps I am in error.
Perhaps there are those who
do possess information of an
other kind which would lead
to the factual disclosure of
what has happened. If that
is correct I solicit their as
sistance. If they do not, 1
urge them to adopt the policy
Of the subcommittee to in
vestigate first and comment
later.
I make no apology for not
having held hearings con-
corning matters in MasSa-
chusetts. Hearings will most
certainly be held. and they
will completely disclose those
matters which we have been
able to ascertain. but only
after. and not until, those
facts have been clearly estab-
lished.
To demonstrate the desire
Of the Subcommittee to be
objective and to refrain from
partisanship in the conduct
of our investigations, ! might
point out that the majority
members. in the hearings we
have held thus far, did not
hesitate to inquire into con-
ditionS occurring in States
controlled by Democrats.
The minority members.
too, have taken pride in the
manner in which the Sub
committee has seen fit to op-
crate.
My colleague. William C.
Cramer. Republican Of Flor
ida, and presently ranking
minority member of the Sub
committee. at the conclusion
Of the Subcommittee's hear
ings relating to Oklahoma
stated: II, too, want to say
I congratulate the staff for
Evening star., 1961-05-28

his own success. The one who
wears the laurel crown is he
who endures to the end. Ev-
cry stirring biography is an
admonition of the necessity
of seeing life through.
In the fury of every fight
there come low moods of
WEAKNESS, discouragement
and disillusionment. T e
chances seem all against sue
cess. The temptation is to
vote on the affirmative side
of Resolved: the contest is
futile. The sensible thing to
do is to compromise, perhaps
even surrender"
In such an hour of crisis
all depends on whether the
cornered one can summon
the will to march on, to fight
on, to disregard appearances,
to defy the charging foe. Of
ten the deciding issue in any
contest is not that one is
outnumbered, but that one
stops fighting. One battle of
World War II would have
been lost and American SOL
diers would have substituted
the white flag for the red,
white and blue had it not
been for an American gen.
eral who with his brave men
was utterly surrounded by
the enemy. When there came
the demand to surrender he
sent back his answer in one
word-"Nuts." s." And the hope
less hour turned into escape
from the military trap-and
victory!
The great Churchill still
lives. His power to see it
through in Britain's darkest
hour will never die while men
struggle against tyranny.
When all seemed lost and the
gains and achievements and
treasure of a thousand years
was about to go down the
drain, one man, refusing to
even consider surrender, with
words of intrepid faith broke
through the frozen paralysis
Of the nation and stood it
upon its feet. He scoffed at
the arrogant Hitler's an
nounced date for the capture
of London. The embattled
Prime Minister cried in de-
fiance: If the British En-
pire lasts for a thousand
years men will say this was
ltS 1lneSC n0ur.
In this tense day as the
venomous serpent shows its
fangs almost within sight of
our shores and twines itself
around a Nations freedoms,
America needs a copious
draught of Churchill elixir, in
this perilous hour. And so, as
we think of being saved by
enduring to the end, shall
we say reverently, in the
words of one of Americas
greatest preachers: If Jesus
had given up in GethSemane,
unable to finish, all His
teaching would have been
forgotten, His works of
mercy would have dropped
into oblivion, and the life
divine would have been
wasted"
The greatest victory Of the
ages lay in Christ'S power to
say on Calvary, 1T is fin
iShed."
Evening star., 1961-05-28

the very fine Job they did.
This has been an extremely
exhaustive investigation and
I think a most objective one.
l want to congratulate them
for the fine work they have
done. along with the Chair
man. I, too, feel that good
has come out of this already,
and much more will in the
future"
Regarding the letters, con-
corning Thomas Worcester,
which have evoked so much
comment. let me say the
Subcommittee staff in its
quest for information is
bound to confine it's activ-
tiles to those matters over
which it has jurisdiction.
The much publicized activ-
tiles Of Mr.. Worcester which
were disclosed following his
conviction for income tax
evasion, have apparently held
such appeal that a material
fact relating to this Subcom-
mittee's interest apparently
was overlooked.
The truth Of the matter is
that Mr.. Worcester received
no contract from the State of
New Jersey. In fact, the Bu-
reau Of Public Roads, after
reviewing records back to
1946. advised me that Mr..
Worcester never had any
connection anywhere with a
highway contract involving
Federal-aid funds. The Sub
committee, therefore. had no
right to concern itself with
the affairs of Thomas Wor-
ceSter.
Not only were the minority
Members not informed of the
existence Of the letters, nei-
ther were the majority: for
it was not properly a matter
Of concern to the Subcom-
mittee.
John A. Blatnik,
Chairman, Special Subcom-
mittee on the Federal-Aid
Highway Program.
Evening star., 1961-05-28

In the May 81 issue of
The Star there appeared an
editorial captioned Care
less Letter Writer'S" Because
I am wholly in accord with
the policy Of The Star to
achieve the utmost accuracy,
both in reporting and in edi-
torial comment, I am writing
this letter to set the record
straight.
I am Chairman of the Spe-
cial Subcommittee on the
Federal Aid Highway Pto-
gram, and have been since its
inception in September, 1859.
At the outset I recognized
that Craftsmanship of this
Committee imposed, as does
the Craftsmanship of any
Congressional investigating
committee, an awesome re-
sponsibliity in the perform
ance Of this necessary facet
Of the legislative function.
1t has always been my con-
viction that in the fulfillment
OF this objective great care
must be exercised to the end
that the Subcommittee's work
be thorough, fair and objec-
tive.
The subcommittee oper-
ates in an area where. unless
proper precautions are OBJ
served. grave injustice could
be done to the personal and
business regulations Of in
nocent people. Accordingly, 1t
has been, and will continue to
be. my policy not to proceed
with public hearings on any
matter until there has first
been a detailed, exhaustive
investigation of the subject.
From an operational stand
point pursuance Of such a
policy Is time consuming but
fully justified by the results
obtained. The citizens of this
Nation and the persons in
volved in a given situation
are entitled to nothing less
than this. Any subsequent
recommendations for rene
dial legislation that may be
forthcoming are thus based
on a solid record of substan-
tial fact.
! respectfully take excep-
tion to the statement appear
ing in the editorial that
Chairman Blatnik Of Min
nesota announced the public
hearings on the committee
inquiry, then concentrated on
Massachusetts,, would be de-
ferred until after the pres
idential election"
The fact is at that time
the members expected the
Congress to adjourn by July
4 in anticipation Of the con-
ventions and subsequent
campaigns Of both parties. I
never stated the Subcom-
Cmittee's activities were con-
centrated in Massachusetts.
The Subcommittee staff
was concentrating its efforts
on an investigation in Flor
ida. That investigation
brought new developments
almost daily and eliminated
in two worthwhile hearings
later. Those hearings which
we're widely acclaimed and
accepted by persons interest
ed in the road building pro-
gram and the road building
industry, were worthwhile
purely because the staff did
approach those matters OBJ
jectively and did conduct the
Evening star., 1961-05-28

with the disunion cause. They
have thus earned his deep
gratitude and shall be repaid
with interest for their charac-
teriStic kindness, if he may
ever have the power to do So"
Having thus put the record
straight, the editor the next
day fired a shot at another
journal: Our late amiable
and ingenious contemporary
of the Alexandria Sentinel is
reported to have achieved a
wonderful feat on Friday
morning last (when Federal
troops invaded Alexandria, .
At 6 am. he was observed
in Alexandria, by UnioniStS
of that town towards whom
the course of his paper for
months past has been ex-
tremely insolent, denuncia-
tory and threatening-for it
was the chief tool in use there
to do the work of the ter
roristS) buttoned up, ready
for running. At $50 am. he
was, body and breeches, in
Warrenton, 40 miles in the
interior! The road between
the two towns was never be-
fore done in three hours and
80 minutes-never-except by
locomotive. In view of the
fact that up to the very
afternoon before the appear
ance of the troops of the
United States in Alexandria,
the Sentinel valiantly insisted
that they had but to set foot
on Virginia soil in any force
whatever, to be swept from
the face of the earth, every
mothers son of them.
even the disunioniStS left in
Alexandria are snickering
over the editors fast time
as it was held that he should
have killed at least 10 of the
invaders ere starting, by way
Of making good the boasts Of
the Sentinel referred to
above. -"
Evening star., 1961-05-28
Turkish Anniversary

One year ago, in bloodless coup,
group of Turkish Army officers, led
by Gen. Genial Gursel, toppled the in
creasingly corrupt and authoritarian
Bayar-Menderes regime.
The first anniversary of the Turk
ish National Reform Movement, as it is
called, finds the Gursel group struggling
with severe economic and social prob
Evening star., 1961-05-28
SPIRES OF THE SPIRIT
On Starting and Staying
By DIR. FREDERICK BROWN HARRIS
Chaplain of the United States Senate

in the world between a squirt
and a spirit. Spurts do not
win races. It is the enduring
spirit which reveals stamina
for the long haul which so
often snatches final victory
out of seeming defeat. Of
course, the ancient teller of
wise stories which mirror the
facts of human endeavor has
told the ages that truth, in
the parable of the hare and
the tortoise. The tortoise,
with everything against him,
won at last because doggedly
he kept on.
The scriptures join in lift
ing up the knowledge which
the centuries acclaim: He
who endureth to the end
shall be saved!
In that declaration there
Is a sound philosophy which
the free world sorely needs
to take to heart IN these mo-
mentous days as it faces the
cruel facts of the cold war"
The President of the United
States, at the very beginning
of the present administra-
ton, with wise insight, while
confidently prophesying ul-
innate victory for decency in
the global fight between free
dom and fetters, nevertheless
warned that it is going to
be a long and sometimes dis
couraging struggle. He de-
clared that so far as outward
appearances were concerned,
conditions here and there
would grow worse before they
grew better. In her leader
ship for the fight for free
dom America must realize
that, accept it and act ac-
cordingly. This fight will still
be raging when we and all
those now directing tn e
strategy of the present bat
ties have gone from this
mortal stage.
No spurts of flag-waving
patriotic fervor will effect
, the outcome of the war. It
is a crucial contest that will
not be won by tin soldiers
with wooden leaders who ex-
pect victory tomorrow or the
day after. The main hope of
the totalitarian regime is by
multiplying the irritating
and diScouraging situations
around the world to wear
down the forces who at first
react to degrading policies
with righteous Indignation.
The Duke of Wellington ex-
planned Napoleon's defeat at
Waterloo in the famous quo
tation attributed to him to
the effect that British SOL
dlers were no braver than
Frenchmen but that they
could be brave for five min
utes longer. That phrase,
five minutes longer" gives
the secret of those who
across the long years have
subdued kingdoms, wrought
righteousness and put to
flight armies of aliens.
And so. in national and
international affairs-and in
the problems and competi-
tions which every adult must
meet in the struggle of the
years it is we'll constantly
to remember that starting
power and staying power are
two very different things.
Staying power is the meas
ure of ones patience. The
New Testament does not say
"ye have need of initial en-
thuSiamS energetically pro-
Jected toward a given goal"
1t does say ye have need of
patience; We have need of the
capacity to endure. That is,
the grace of continuance.
Early ardor-the flare of
good intentions-iS no guar
antee of a successful finish.
Many a man who started
with abounding energy has
later fallen on the sword of
Tabor City tribune. (Tabor City, N.C.) 1946-1991, 1961-11-08
Rites Held For
RoIph McCuIIum

Final rites for Ralph Jc,k
ms McCullum. 81 year old
farmer OF Ill Jones 81, Tabor
H'y: were held October % At
me New Hope BAPTIST Church,
me Rev. J. Il. Jones offici-
n'Sn over the service held n,
800 +. NJ. ~
survivors "r the l,t, A..
M'N"'li'n include his wife
loi'' Ray McCullum: one dan
Eh,cr' Mrs. Larry Muccas Of
.\Nh'NiIic. N. G.: five sons. Fen
t'NS McCullum ur Tn, homo
William y. McCunam Of West
'''''' hN.. Johnnie j. McCul-
,,'nn at CalahaSh, Ralph Nc
N",'u'h' Jr, of U. s. Army base
~ iiawaii and Bobbic NIcCuI-
,nnl of jacksonville. Fla: ,w,
nr"'hcrN. Howard McCulhrn
81 buckingham and Joe Me
'"i'um of Whi,cvilic: three
.,.''"rN. Mrs. Grif Worrrii
Nus. Tod Butler. both ol
W hl''EIlIc. and Mrs. Bessie
hoard Of Rockingham: and
>I'p-ta'hcr. Henry Sellers al
Chadhouln.