davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-10-18
Merchant Will Study
Dispute of z Nations

president Kenne edy has
named Livingston T. Merchant.
vkteran career diplomat, to
serve as his personal represen-
t3tive on a special assignment
II try to settle dispute between
FAkistan and Afghanistan,
mfr. Merchant. now An1bas-
stdor to Canada and former
undersecretary of State for Po-
lAical Affairs. is expected to ar
rke in the area tomorrow to
cbnsult with both countries.
1.-The President acted yester-
dky after the governments of
AghaniStan and PakiStan ac-
ckpted his offer to assist them
in settling the quarrel that has
ruptured diplomatic and trade
relations between them.
Afghanistan and PakiStan
broke relations last month after
a long series of armed forays
back and forth across the bor-
der.
With the border closed, land
locked AfghaniStan's trade with
the Western world that nor
mally flows through Pakistan
has stalled. American foreign
aid shipments to Afghanistan
have piled up in Pakistan, and
the flow of Afghanistan ex-
ports through Pakistan has
ceased.
The White House said Mr..
Merchant is expected to re-
sumo his duties as AmbaSsa-
dor to Canada by early next
situations, he conferred with
the President Monday about
the special mission and was ex-
pected to leave for Asia today.
Meanwhile officials said
Evening star., 1961-10-18
X-l5 Proposed
AS Launching
Base for Rocket

LOS ANGELES, Oct. 1S (AP)
Two space firms proposed
using the Kills rocket plane as
a launching device for the Blue
Scout research rocket.
X-l5s, dropped from bomb
ers, are expected ultimately
to fly so to 100 miles high at
speeds up to 1000 miles per
hour.
Blue Scouts, stage solid
fuel Air Force rockets, are
being used in a variety Of
space research programs. Most
Evening star., 1961-10-18
Indonesio Pepper Mill

JAKARTA, Indonesia. Oct.
Is (APl. - Indonesia's first
paper mill will be constructed
next years at Makassar in the
South Celebes. the Industries
Department announced. The
$6 million cost of the plant
will be paid for from japanese
war reparations funds.
Evening star., 1961-10-18

there has been some informal
discussion of the possibility of
President Kennedy's making a
personal visit to Pakistan. He
has been invited to visit there
next March. 1t was emphasized
that no decision has been
reached, about the trip.
Evening star., 1961-06-25
LAW OFFICES
TAYLOR q WALDMON
6O4 r Street, NV.

TAYLOR q WALDMON
6O4 F Street, NV.
washington 4, d. G.
TRUsTEES SALE-RESIAuKANST
EoUIPMEsNT:, ,,,I M9pEESMEv 4.9E SEvv HlGNN. ~
hSsR1 TfhoNER, ICE MAKER. CASH
fI TAIUABLE RESTAURANT EoUIP:
aEHR; aaEEoHRaEs sCSAHETPY eouNTY, MiGARYEAND. GgfiSG
ny virtue of the power and au;;
thority contained in 2 Chattei
Deed Of Trust from Bayless' A.
smith and Nolan +. Haley to the
undersigned Trustees dated the
25th day Of October 1850 ana
recorded among the Cattel Rec
ords of Prince Georges County,
Maryland in Liber 334, Folio 325,
and at the request Of the parties
secured, thereby, default having @
sns hepe6 en- Sh' tiSm' ha undersane aas
trustees named in said Chattel
Deed Of Trust will sell at public
auction in premises known as
No. 5440 Annapolis Road, Chew
erly, Prince Georges County
SIXTH DAY OF JUNE, 1861, AT
10 AM, all personal property
described in said Chattel Deed OF
Trust as follows: ] Pie Case, !
6ilverware Box and Stainless Steel
stand, / One door Electric Re-
frigerator.. l Ten Ton Air Con;
dition Unit and Water Tower; 1
vegetable Peeling Machine: elee.
Cabinet. Walk in box, Two
Lid Deep Freeze, l Electric Slicing
Machine, / Electric Meat Grind
er, 1 Electric Meat Tenderizer, |
Electric French-O-Matic Grill. 2
Pair Scales. l Dishwashing Ma
chine, l Hot Water Heater, I
Kitchen Table. Cook Stove,
gas, / Kitchen Electric Fan. |
Table Can opener. / Mop Bucket
and Wringer. l Grease Trap. 4
Bus trays, 8 Aluminium Serving
Trays, 8 Fry Pans, IL Cooking
Pots, 1 Roast Pan, / Roof HOOD
Fan, l Gas Charcoal Broiler, 1
Gas Griddle,, 2 Gas Deep Fryers,
Reirigerator Sandwich unit. I
Approximately 20 #. Stainless
Steel Backwail, i Four Hole Elec-
tric Toaster. / Automatic Coffee
Stainless Steel Refrigerator,
Two-door Refrigerator Bottle Box
Electric Milkshake Mixer, /
Electric Water Cooler. ! Counter,
9 Counter Stools, 10 Booths,
Dining Tables, s Dining Chairs,
1 National Cash Register and
Stand, / Display Case. l Baby
Highchair and three Baby chairs
! Ajax Ice Maker, approximately
6 doz. each knives. forks and
spoons; approximately doz. eacf
dinner plates, pie plates, side
dishes plates, coffee cups anc
saucers; all electric light fix.
lures and all other fixtures anc
equipment on the premises used
in connection with said business
TERMS OF SALE: Cash. Prompt re,
moval required
HARRY E. TAYLOR, Jr.
REUBEN BONNETT,
TAYLOR g. wALDRoN. BY RICH
Evening star., 1961-06-25
OPEN 70 s PM. THURsiDXx HsiESXIx
Atlas Agency

1920 n. z. Ave. NV. RE. 1875;
ASScTG; Sea 4 MSs: ICE ,1dz0r bi,s .s9S ssS9Ot
aectg. major, all functions Of gen
or indystTtal and public aeetE.r
Exper. white, 80 vpm 3 must
WIN train for code. Also test,
start II am. 70 z pm. then
shifts. z-midnigkt.
ACCTQ, CLERK --------st. $685.
Must have completed " of acctg.
course. Working toward deg. Mill
tary over, 21-26; excel. advance
coosSqRSEisroNpENr oSqSi to- s4sS
fnoW. Of 'Gs'i ffs ms oisi iSssipiu.o oFtlns noi
sales), have writing skills and
admin. ability, military over: fu-
ture assured.
ACCOUNTANT $500
70 start plus periodic Increases
BCS deg. nee, 2 yrs. day course
or 3 yr. night course: to age S6i
|TRAINEES az ).--------to $500
Plus commission, for exec. field
underwIttsrs, Light shorthand. ]
billion, dollar assets. COLLEGE back.
ground and sales exper., must be
top man. 2b-40; know wash. area
PEG oREENwAY AGENCY
1920 New York Ave. NV.
|Dl. 7-16s7, suite 719, DI. 7-94o7
ACCT, auto exper.------to $7,6O(
Cost acct, exper.--------S6,600 VI
Acct. Catholic -SS. 900 u, IN
Sales. EnEr., EE deg.---to SIC. .00(
ALLEN-O'BRIEN
PERSONNEL SERVICES
1&04 N. z. Ave NV, RE. 7-72eC
Evening star., 1961-06-25
REUBEN BoNNETTs,S TT

Trustees.
TAYLOR g. WALDRON, BY RICH
ARD v. WALDRoN, Attorneys for
Evening star., 1961-06-25
BOYS, VETS-TRAVEL

CABNETBfAKER, iourneyman; must
have own hand tools; top pay;
good working conditions, 40-hr,
week. MONARCH LUMBER &
BUILDING SUPPLY CO., rear OF
S23 CEDAR st. NV, Takoma Park,
Evening star., 1961-06-25
PosfTf1oNSs' S'"S now V't'aIs oPEN

- - w ANsWss La. Osl2(V
ACCOUNTANTS
WHITE, TO 40 YEARS
Jr. and sr. acctS.; some ave ftl'
eharge bkkprs.,- some experienced
plus schooling bksrd., others de.
grees with less exper. From 81 ,O0(
o $1,000. CONE m AND TAIK
Y. %oop PERSONNEL
SEE MISS WOOD
-. sos .15th ST. NV. AT n
303 Southern Bldg. DI. T-SY5s
ACCOUNTANT, JR., S335; deT. ant
minimum 2 years CPA or Indus
trial expef.; unusual oppor., ex
banding office Of natl, CO., neet
car: min. $500. MOORE'S EdPL
AGENCY, 5000 Baltimore ave.
Hyattsville. WA. 7-4343.
Evening star., 1961-06-25
SPECIAL NOTICES
AUCTION SALES

READERS OF THIS COLUMN
should know MONARCH. 1881
1Afh ef n W
Evening star., 1961-06-25
HELP MEN

BRICKLAYERS, 2; needed for regus
lar employment. Apply at $50
Duke ST., Alex; fill out applicas
ton.
Evening star., 1961-06-25

DYEIN GUARANTEED NO
SHRINkAGEi dresses, suits. coats.
CLEANERS. the Dye Work Special
list, 300 Georgia ave. RA. 3-9777.
Evening star., 1961-06-11

articles, however, deal with more
homely matters.
How to cure an ailing water
buffalo" what to do about
Sunstroke" "how to maintain
a rice depot" "how to raise
more pigs, ducks and chickens"
One article circulated before
the presidential election of April
II, is captioned, what is a bal
lot?"
In the simplest terms. it ex-
plains the Importance of elections,
and why the peasant should vote.
And it tells him:
Our ballot. which carries the
rights of a citizen, represents a
brick for the building of our de-
mocracy. and a bullet to destroy
the idiotic ambitions Of the Com
muniStS."
So the war RACES on, fought
with many weapons.
And virtually everything else
in Wet Nam today-economic,
Evening star., 1961-06-11

and civilian casualties run be-
tween 300 and 500 a month. They
estimate that the Communist Wet
Cong loses about 500 men a
month.
The big area of operations is
south of Saigon. This is a delta,
more water than land, a night
mare of marshes, criSs-croSsing
waterways, thick jungle, few roads
the ideal terrain for guerrillas.
They also operate in the noun
tains in the north.
Some Progressive Stages
To counter these operations, a
number of new steps are being
taken
1. A shift in training and tao
tics.
Originally, the 150,0OO-man
army was designed to meet an all
out attack from North Wet Nam.
Now the emphasis will be on coun-
Evening star., 1961-06-11

mentary socialism if there is
sincerity" He adds, But nobody
in power is really interested in
socialism outside of Nehru;
nobody's really interested in CO.
operatives. The peasants are in
different and too doped by relig-
iouS fervor."
When communism comes to
India, says Ahmed, it will not be
ruthless as in Russia or China.
I'VE won't shoot the landlords"
he says. I'VE will avoid violence.
Besides these faults only belong
to the transitional period"
He is strongly anti-American,
although will admit an admira-
ton for its prosperity, literature
and social freedoms.
American vested interests don't
want Russia to come forward.
They are against the principles
of communism. They're afraid
that they will lose their world
markets, that all the colonies
will be liberated and there will
be drop in profits"
A Rich DiIIetonte
If Ahmed typifieS the poor boy
attracted to communism, Rama,
Hindu Brahmin, exemplifieS
the rich dilletante who flirtS with
MarXist theology but doesn't
involve himself personally.
"They recently asked me to join
the party" Rama confides. Il
told them, Comrades, I can serve
the cause of socialism better out
side the party They seemed
pleased and agreed"
Rama is the youngest son of a
politically distinguished family,
including several members in
Parliament. His approach to
communism is academic.
"The main appeal of the Com
munist Party of India" says
Evening star., 1961-06-11

ciplined, hard-core party mem
bers. The majority are high
minded idealists appalled, by the
misery and poverty about them,
or wooly-headed intellectualS. or
unemployed and frustrated grad
yates who have turned to COM
munism in desperation or simply
angry young men who want to
register their opposition to the
ruling Congress Party.
The Example of Tibet
Many sophisticated Indians in
New Delhi will argue that these
youths are not Communists at
all; that their loyalty to that
tdeology would be quickly shaken
should they know firSthand the
cynicism of their national lead
ership or the inhuman oppres-
sion brought by the Chinese in
their conquest of neighboring
Tibet.
Yet the young men are in
earnest and though tiny minor
tty, they are the most active and
intellectually alert minority in
their community and thus atten-
ton must be paid them.
Why have these young men
chosen communism as their So
cial and political ideal? What
is communiSm's appeal to these
bright young men of India?
There is no answer. Perhaps
in the diversity of reasons for
following the Communist line in
India is found the greatest hope
that these youths will not per-
manently succumb to the temp
tation of accepting the promise
of human welfare at any cost in
human suffering and dignity
Catching three of them alone
at different times, I asked each
one point blank why he favored
communism.
These we're their replies:
Ahmed is a handsome young
Evening star., 1961-06-11

ter-guerrilla training. Eventually,
every unit of the army will have
ranger-type forces capable of hit
ting the Wet Cong with its own
tactics.
2. Expansion Of the army and
civil guard.
American assistance will add
10000 men to the regular army
and go into the training and
equipping of $4,000 militia type
troops who are supposed to guard
the individual village.
3. Coordination of ground, wa
ter and air forces.
Using air-ground control teams,
plus river boat patrols, army units
are beginning to react much more
rapidly now to guerrilla hit-and-
run attacks. "a break-through is
in sight in this type of operation"
an officer said.
4. Intensified psychological war
fare in the villages.
Evening star., 1961-06-11

social and political = pivotS to
some extent on the war. The black
shadow Of the security problem"
hangs over almost every phase of
life here.
Consequently. the outlook
seems spotty, with some pluses
and some minuses and many ap-
parent contradictions.
Economic Progress
Is the country making progress
economically?
The Far Eastern Economic Re-
view recently reported, "in 1860
almost all economic targets were
achieved and there was particular
ly satisfactory progress in the
fields of . induStrialization and
diversification of crops"
A well-informed official said
Wet Nam is making considerable
progress toward a balanced
economy" He said, "the thing
that surprises me is the number
of people who are willing to put
money into capital investment"
A Wet NameSe businessman
complained, however, last year. I
made money. This year I'm losing
my shirt" He attributed this to
the security problem" guerrilla
operations in areas where he has
his enterprises.
Another smiled sadly: Our ap-
parent prosperity is artificial.
The day American aid is with
drawn it will vanish"
Total American aid to Wet Nam
since 1854 has been $1.3 billion.
The war in the countryside
cripples progress on many fronts.
For example, in nine years of
constant fighting, the commu-
nications of Wet Nam we're torn
to bits. Highways, access roads,
and bridges are desperately
needed. These are being built.
But it is easy to knock down a
bridge or damage a road unless
it is guarded.
More Education
In education, every year sees
more students, more teachers,
more laboratories and workshops,
thousands of new clasSrooms.
But a wooden school house in a
remote village burns like a box
of matches when the Wet Cong
come,
The Communists even hit at
teams working to eradicate
malaria in the countryside.
They devote special attention
to the provincial and village Of
ficialS.
That is, an official who tries
to meet the problems of the peo-
pie is often marked for speedy
assassination by the Wet Cong.
Vice versa, an inefficient or op-
presSive official is more likely to
survive the night with his throat
uncut.
So many problems for a new,
under developed nation.
Still another, in the view of
his critics and political opponents,
is President Ngo Dinh Diem him
self.
Diem is a strong man. He is go
Evening star., 1961-06-11

but looks younger. He is brilliant,
tough, hard driving executive
and a fighter. Ever since he came
to power in 1854, he has been in
fights, first with the religious
sects that challenged his author
ity, always with the Communists.
His opponents, in a word, ac-
cuSe him of being dictator.
They accuse him of curtailing
civil liberties, of having people
arrested without charge or notifi-
cation to their families, of being
walled off from the ass of
VietnameSe, of putting members
of his family in positions of power.
Yet most of these accusations
were freely voiced during the
election campaign. They were
contained in speeches given on
public platforms.
Diem replies:
l. That he didn't have to grant
a presidential election at all. The
constitution provides that, during
an emergency, elections may be
postponed. The Communists, he
says, did not believe he would call
one at this time.
2. In the elections, well over go
per cent of those eligible went to
the polls. Diem received 1877 per
cent of the total cast. He says
his biggest votes came in areas
where the Communists were most
active. He interprets the total
result as a mandate from the
people and an overwhelming ex-
preston of confidence.
8. He contrasts his regime, IA
vorably, with those of other Asian
governments. He says the National
Assembly is anything but a rub,
ber stamp" that it contains oppo-
sition elements, and that he often
has to argue with the opposition
on matters of policy.
His opponents, however, say the,
election was rigged. They wrote
the president of the National
Assembly saying, 1--WE consider
the elections invalid"
Coup Squoshed
Last November IL, some para
troop units surrounded Diem'S
palace and for 80 hours a Korea
type coup appeared in the making.
Loyal troops swiftly quaShed it.
Diem says the paratroopS were
deceived by a few dissident off,
GERS, that they were told they were
going on an urgent mission" and.
that this mission was to "liberate"
the President from other army
units that had attacked the palace
When he appeared on the
balcony, he says, the paratroops
cheered him. He ordered the
palace guards to stop shooting.
AS for characterization and
liberalizing his policies, he says
the choice in Asia is not between,
democracy and dictatorship, but
to govern with a system adapted
to the conditions of a country
which is underdeveloped and
under armed attack.
And which is therefore in a.
tight race against time.
Evening star., 1961-06-11
A FIRST-HAND REPORT
By RICHARD CRITCHFIELD
Contributing Writer

NoHNlputinB WIlter
NAGPUR, India. - Each eve,
ming, in this provincial city in
Central India, you will find the
same group Of young men sitting
in the same shabby little cafe.
Dressed in Starched white shirts
and slacks. putting on cheroots
or cheap cigarettes, they seem
obliviouS to the squalor of the
cafes scabby. peeling walls, to
the smoky hole from which sooty,
half-baked walters bring forth
frequent cups of tepid, milky tea.
Oblivious, as well, are they to
the Glamour in the street outside
as a loudspeaker from the cinema
house blares forth the Sobbing
voice Of film singer deploring
unrequited love. A chorus of
bicycle bells, the shrill hiss of
rickShaw wallahs and the whin-
ing appeal Of beggars adds to
the din.
The passerby may wonder why
the youths choose such uncon-
genial surroundings for their
night. Eavesdropping, the answer
is supplied as he hears them
address each other familiarly as
"comrade" and speak the jargon
Of exploited masses" and Cap
italist monopolists.
These young men, and they
include three college professors,
two leading newspaper reporters,
a lawyer and a labor organizer,
are what are known in India as
"progressives." Elsewhere in the
world, they would be called Com
muniStS or fellow travellers.
An ArticuIote Fragment
They represent only a small
fragment of the city's large pop
ulation, yet it is an articulate
and active fragment whose in
fluence on the city's life is felt
far beyond its number. 1t is
these youths who spur agitationS
among the slum dwellers against
the governments clearance pro-
gram. It is they who organize
students rallies to denounce
U. N. intervention in the Congo.
1t is, they who provide the leader
ship and disciplined organiza-
ton for morchas or demonstra-
tions on behalf of factory workers
or other downtrodden segmentS
of the populace.
Unlike their counterparts in
India'S great cities like Delhi or
Bombay, these young men are
not cynical but idealistic: they
naively sympathize with the
chronological progress made by
Russia and China, they are i'm
patient with the speed of India's
own development program and
they brook no contradiction.
Indeed, they may intimidate
those who disagree with them
through ridicule or threats. And
in their admiration for the forced
induStrialization and collectiviza-
ton of Communist countries, they
willingly overlook the moral costs
of the process-in terror and
oppression, the RECOMMENDATION and
forced doctrine.
Yet it is important to remem-
ber that these young Communists
are not shrewd, ruthless and
efficient agents of the Soviet
or Sino conspiracy. Few are dis
Evening star., 1961-06-11

tomotive air pollution, DR.. Levine
observed, American industries
are engaging in pollution con-
troll as a matter of good public
relations, whereas in Russia pol
luton abatement is exercised by
law"
Soviet standards for air purity
are higher than obtain in the
United States" DR.. Levine ad-
mits, "but often these standards
are hypothetical" Nevertheless,
according to articles in Russian
journals, factories violating Ger
tain standards are closed down.
Soviet scientists continuously
point out the valuable by-prod-
ucts that can be captured from
industrial discharges. They esti-
mate that ITS tons of sulfuric acid
could be extracted from the sui,
furious gases discharged into the
atmosphere by the electric heat
and power plants Of Moscow, that
80 tons of elemental sulfur could
be obtained for each ton of
Smelted copper. At the Glavmed
CUSSR Copper Trust) dust car
ried off into the air contained up
to 10000 tons of zinc, over 1000
tons of lead and considerable"
quantities of rare elements, such
as germanium, thallium, cadmium
and selenium. The Soviets claim
that 6 million tons of ore dust
containing SIS per cent or more of
iron were discharged into the air
by the blast furnaces of the fer
rous metallurgical industry.
Manufacturing Apparatus
According to the Russians, these
revelations brought into existence
a branch of industry devoted to
the manufacture of apparatus to
purify the gases, with a conse-
quent capture of valuable metals,
such as lead, zinc and sulphur.
DR.. Levine notes that the ex-
tensive continuing work on air
pollution, water pollution and sew
age and industrial waste has been
stepped up, indicating that while
the Russians have tackled the
problem, they have by no means
solved it. Nevertheless, their read
iness to exchange their findings
with public health officials in
other countries is contributing to
the creation of a worldwide drive
to curb or prevent air pollution.
Evening star., 1961-06-11
BY RELMAN NORM
Associated Press Staff Writer

SAIGON, South Wet Mama
crucial race against time is
running today in South Wet Nam:
Time to win the shooting war,
time to revamp an army and build
an economy, time to give hope for
the future to 13 million freedom
loving people.
Everybody here talks Of time,
and the United States may be
forced to use more than dollars
to buy it now.
"If they give us six months"
says an American officer, describ-
ing plans to reorganize the Wet
Namese Army. "They" means the
Communist Wet Cong. He lets the
sentence hang, unfinished.
I'm the past month, the Com
munistS have stepped up their
attacks" says a Wet Namese de-
fense authority. 1--WE expect
more throughout June"
What this country needs is
two decades of peace" says an
economic administrator.
There was a great sense of
urgency in Washington" says a
diplomat, discussing Vice Presi-
dent JohnSon's recent trip to Wet
Nam and Southeast Asia.
The clock is ticking fast in this
part of the world.
1t speeded up early this year,
primarily because of Laos. The
Communists there-known as the
Pathet Lao-fought their way to
a dominating military position.
Laos has common border with
South Wet Nam. Hence, vast
areas of Wet NameSe territory are
now even more open to Commu-
mist penetration than before.
Assurance From U. S.
Shortly after these set-backs,
Mr.. johnson flew to Southeast
Asia, promising military aid, and
giving assurances that the United
States would stand by the anti
Communist nations here.
Long before, however, the Com
muniStS were working hard on
Wet Nam, which is bigger and
infinitely more important than
Laos.
For four years, until the end of
1859, they tried to collapse the
country by propaganda, subver-
sion and other tactics. Then they
went over to guerrilla warfare,
shifting the mix"
So, for 18 months, a vicious
shooting war has been going on
in Wet Nam.
Defense authorities say military