davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Nome nugget., 1961-06-30
TWO ALASKA SCHOOL
 DISTRICTS GRANTED $30.032

JUNEAU R - The U. s. Office of Education has authorized the immediate payment of $30,032 to two state school districts, the Alaska congressional delegation reported yesterday.
 In wire to the Associated from Washington, D. C., Sens. Bartlett, Gruening and Rep. Rivers said $18,83O would go to Nome and $11,2O2 would go to Seward.
 The money was allocated under the terms of a law providing aid for the operation and maintenance of schools affected by federal ac- tivities.
The Nome nugget., 1961-06-30
FIRE CALL LAST NIGHT

The fire alarm last evening was caused by fire in the garage of Maurice Kelliher. There was slight interior damage. The cause of the fire has not been determined.
The Nome nugget., 1961-06-30

Fine Job Printing At The Nugget
The Nome nugget., 1961-06-30

Fine Job Printing At The NuggeI
Montana farmer-stockman., 1961-04-01
Betzes Barley Growers Test
Cultural Practices II 1860
BY K. L. UPTON*

seed carrying 81 per cent plump seed,
which was above the average for
plumpness of seed planted generally
over the area. A separate issuance of
100 pounds of seed grading 100 per
cent plump was made to each cooper
ator. The two lots of seed, standard
and oversize, were planted at the same
rate of l kernel per inch of row.
Plump Seed Superior
AT harvest time a yield check was
made on three fields and the oversize
seed outyielded the standard seed by
1886 pounds or 8.2 bushels per acre.
Average gross return per acre for
plump seed was 1877 per cent greater
than standard seed.
Wild oat control was also made
part of the program. Two chemicals
were tried; one being pre-emergence
type-applied before planting, the other
a post emergence type-applied to the
crop when the wild oat seedlings were
in the IL leaf stage of growth. Grow
Montana farmer-stockman., 1961-04-01
ES,azazzzEEEna -@>-S-
w EYc1icMeeo
YieId-Wise and Price-Wise
rs a Snbstitnte for Wheat
Betzes Barley's Best
By VIRGIL HANKS, GalIat;0 County

Montana State College only four years
ago. I seeded one of these first 20
acres and I got my first lesson from
that, losing possibly 3O-4O per cent of
it by shattering. This is Betzes great
est weakness. I have raised Betzes
every year since then.
One of the main requirements Of
good quality Betzes is clean, approved
seed to start with. The second require
ment is reasonably clean ground, as
the maltsterS will tolerate only a small
amount of wild oats in Betzes.
When seeding Betzes on Summerfal-
low, have never used any fertilizer,
but in seeding Betzes that has been
in wheat the preceding year, apply
from 9O-12O pounds of 1914 per cent am
monium nitrate, keeping in mind that
this will require more water to pro-
duce a good yield and at the same
time keep protein content down and
maintain plumpness of kernel.
Tendency to Shatter
I have found that Betzes natures
about as quickly as COmpana, that
Montana farmer-stockman., 1961-04-01

ers were generally satisfied with the
results obtained from both types of
chemicals.
The year 1860 was not blessed with
abundance of mid-season moisture, so
an active irrigation schedule was adj
vised to maintain growing moisture.
Project Betzes barley received from
two to three irrigations. In some
cases where only two irrigations were
used, the growers suffered loss in yield
and plumpness. Three irrigations re-
turned excellent yields and per cent
plump barley.
Average of Results
The average results of the twenty
growers were:
STA bushels per acre yield, 12.4 per
cent protein, 86.7 per cent plump ker-
nels, and less than per cent skinned
and broken kernels. Three growers pro-
duced better than 30 bushels per acre
yields of 80 per cent plump Betzes.
Seventeen of the twenty growers mar
Montana farmer-stockman., 1961-04-01

gated valleys OF $500 feet to over
5000 feet such as the Gallatin, prob
ably no crop fills the need yield-wise
and price-wise as does Betzes barley
for mailing purposes.
However, the quality of barley we
produce depends on several factors
which are hard to control. The very
specifications which the maltsters de-
mand make Betzes production a some
what specialized operation.
have believed from the start that
year in and year out production of
high quality mailing barley in Mon
tana can be maintained only under
irrigation and the soil conditions of
our higher valleys. I think the summer
of 1860 will bear me out on that.
More Control
There has been some good quality
Betzes produced on dryland in other
years but, all in all, one is at the COM
plete mercy of Mother Nature in con-
trolling the quality of the mailing bar
ley on dryland. while, under irrigation,
one can somewhat control the protein
content and pIumpness of kernel by
periodic irrigation.
Brought From Poland
Betzes is probably the most accept
able of all mailing barleys to the malt
sters. It has been in this country only
a few years, having been brought here
from Poland and released in small
lots to seed several 2O-acre fields by
AN INTERESTING and revealing
program of Betzes barley production
under irrigation was successfully con-
Quoted in the Fairfield and Conrad
Waller irrigation projects in 1860. This
was cooperative venture developed
and supervised by the Montana State
Extension Service and the Mailing Bar
ley Improvement Association, Milwau-
kee. Local agricultural extension agents
who contributed much time to the pro-
gram were Ross Peace of Fairfield
and Mike Jackson of Conrad.
The principle of ''on the job train
ing' so familiar to industry was in
corporated into an agricultural pro-
gram to promote the growing of high
quality BetzeS barley with irrigation.
A group of 10 growers from each irri-
cation project volunteered to partici-
pate i'm the program. Excellent cooper
alton on the part of each of the 20
growers was given to applying the
cultural practices suggested.
Cultural Practices
A detailed plan of timing and ap-
plying the best cultural practices for
barley applicable to these two areas
was formulated. The high points of
the program included the following:
1. Early planting.
2. Plump seed planted at inch spac-
ing in 6 inch row.
8. Timely application of weedicides.
4. Timely application of irrigation
water to maintain field moisture level
above SO per cent.
S. Swathing grain when wen matured
and free of green heads. Qnitial grain
Montana farmer-stockman., 1961-04-01


maltsters do not like. have always
let it stand for combining and taken
my chances on shattering, which UP
to this time have not been great, ex-
cept, as I mentioned before, in my
initial experiment. / must say have
lost some sleep a few times over this
Shattering, but so far have managed
to get it in the bin first.
My experience has been that Betzes
will yield with or outyield Compana
under the same conditions.
When fellow gets to irrigating with
bitches or carrying sprinkler pipe
across a field of Betzes, or maybe
doing both in the summer when he
could be fishing, he wonders, What
do want to fool around with this stuff
for?" But in the fall or winter when
he haulS away crop of Betzes that
is 86-92 per cent plump, less than 6
per cent skinned or broken kernels,
under Is per cent protein, bright in
color, weighs 1852 pounds per bushel
and brings $2.7O per hundredweight,
he begins to think it is worthwhile
after all.
Worked with College
I have worked closely with the ex-
pertinent station and grain laboratory
at Montana State College and with our
county agent at Bozeman in the pro-
duction of Betzes, and they have all
been great help. One of their main
projects at present is the development
through a cross with another barley
that has the mailing qualities of Betzes
but does not shatter.
keted their Betzes crop for mailing
premiums ranging from 1850 cents per
bushel over feed prices. Two growers
exceeded the protein limits for malt
ing barley but will have the opportuni-
ty Of selling their Betzes for seed be-
cause of purity and plumpness of their
crop.
Ninety per cent of the growers
swathed their crop. Immediately prior
to swathing, representative pre-har-
vest sample was taken from each field.
Results indicated that a pre-harvest
SampIing for protein determination
could aid the farmer in binning fields
with like protein.
Harvesting OF the crop was very
closely supervised and no one 'over
threshed'' his crop of mailing barley
Comments From Growers
Kermit Dale-F Fairfield
''The returns from my 40 acres
of Betzes barley which made top
mailing grade, sure came i'm
handy. My 20 acres Of summer
falIow are ready for Betzes this
spring."
Montana farmer-stockman., 1961-04-01

Betzes grows taller, but softer straw
and yields more straw. Actually, the
only complaint I have about Betzes
is its tendency to shatter just about
the time it is ready to combine.
This can develop into somewhat Of
a problem and try ones patience when,
right in the middle of combining some
other crop, he finds he has to quit to
move into his Betzes. Then after adj
justing his machine for Betzes and
moving the grain auger to another bin.
etc., ne finds that the first load of
Betzes tests about 141z to Is per cent
moisture, which is just enough to be
not safe for bin.
Frequently in the GaIIatin Valley,
we get a late crop showed down. I
have never had this happen to Betzes,
so can't say how it will stand such
treatment.
Montana farmer-stockman., 1961-04-01

Windrowing has become more preva-
lent in GaIIatin on Betzes barley lately,
but I have never done this, as it is
Montana farmer-stockman., 1961-04-01

John and Marius Leys-Conrad
81 have my 1861 program planned
to try and duplicate 1860 produc-
ton Of Betzes mailing barley by
early planting with 95 per cent
plump treated seed, chemical con-
troll of wild oats, and timely irri-
CATION"
Montana farmer-stockman., 1961-04-01

WendIe Lesmeister-Fairfield
Fifty acres of my wheat allot-
ment are all set for Betzes this
spring, and I may be using a wild
oat control chemical so that / can
take advantage of early planting. "
Robert Lonnevick-Conrad
'"The dry summer of 1860 made it
hard to keep the crop wet, but /
sprinkled my 24-acre BetzeS field
three times. I sold 1900 bushels
of SO per cent plump barley at
premium for mailing. Good yields
and returns surely take the sting
out of irrigation"
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1961-08-24
Listen Americans!
...by Dr.. George S. Benson
easslnEAT :, NATloNAL EDUCATION PaoeGAN
Sssreys ALIASES

In order to win against Mr. Khrushchevs type of fight
ing America get off the defensive and show some
have rattle muskets but it that aggressive spirit
and certain fixed detectives required First Of all there
look like winner instead OF loser We have ideals prncl
pies, echnques and accomplishments that the world ad
mres and appreciates But why do softpedal and be
come reluctant when it to the American heritage?
While Russia has been Dragging and precpitatng
crises agtatng and building offensves, have either
vacllaed reacted only weakly showing hardly enough
spirit any friendly nation to commend us. The
Soviet Union appears to have goals whereas we have none
They don't mind Whoopng 1t up Tor lher ooJecFeS 100
many of have not believed them even when they tell the
truth They carry the cold into territory then
they win when it not there with leadership
vigorous enough to support own interests
This picture is, of course pessimistc but Is true one
Some of us are at long last realizing that the cold war
is most realistic conflict But that in particular
kind of is fact that many are not Wiling to concede
is the wsh thought of too many Americans today JuSt
handle what whenever i comes up we seem TO say
and perhaps the unpleasant will away But the Russian
We Americans have done very little next to nothing in
the last 30 years to build love for freedom and the American
way Right here at home, our educational institutions both
public and private beginning to realize that long, long
drought was permitted in citizenship training genera
Cn virtually lost for has not been taught respect
for Christian values and for the American heritage We have
neglected the bascs that nation its stature and
III dong have almost mlSShaped and nSead our youth
We have also almost neutralzed our people Today when
talks about the detectives and tactics of communism
often it falls deaf These duled by
called liberalism which all often after analysis
These are not +rno 1ihara who vaIo liberty These mis-
who warns of Communism. Those who willingly and
ooshy become dupes of Red policy need overhaul their
definitions well their viewpoints.
Unless pull ourselves out of lethargy are
going to lose surely the in the East We
shall have inform ourselves first about these threats
America recognizing the detectives and tactics of the Com
munsts for what they attempts to destroy US The on
America and believe that America is worth saving Let's
about face! Let's win this cold war
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1961-08-24

Voice Of America Of the United
States Information Agency will
cover the meeting for millions Of
listeners overseas.
Baltimore VIII be tie second
American city to play host to the
organization in its 76-year history.
The Importance of the Congress is
reflected in the impressive roster
of its sponsors: President Kennedy
will act as High Patron; Secretary
of State Dean Rusk is to make the
welcoming address; and Governor
TaWes has served as chairman Of
the organizing committee which
has been hard at work for the
past year. In fact. since the first
Congress in 1885, thirteen kings
and five presidents have served a
high patrons
The basic aim OF the organiza-
ton is the interchange Of informa-
ton leading to better seaways ard
waterways. Nevertheless. the dele
gates will seek relaxation. The City
of Baltimore and the State of
Maryland will have an unique OPP
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1961-08-24

with the moon" One of my col
leagues, Senator Aiken of Vermont,
remarked that the Russian space
ship flight doesn't take away the
fact that in all the things that
make life worth living we still
maintain superiority: I would
rather have enough to cat for
everybody that hit the moon"
Reports from Moscow inform us
that the variety Of food there is
limited and the quality is low, that
meat is in short supply and horse
meat is being eaten. Fruit and
vegetables, with the exception of
potatoes, cabbage and beets, are
not to be found. Khrushchev may
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1961-08-24

on other things-and we haven't
done too badly. Space is only one
Of our many interests Even in
space. we have made good prog
ress. Our space experiments have
been open and above board-like
those of a superior competitor.
Need We Hang Our Heads
Victor Riesel, the well-known
coIumnist, reports from Paris:
"Khrushchev's economy has crack
ed A young Russian refugee
engineer, one of the thousands who
slip under the Iron Curtain, said
to me, Rockets, rockets. that's all
we hear . Give me things for my
table After that you can play
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1961-08-24
Mr.. Mohoney Announces

It's happened right on schedule
and all the elements in political
Maryland will fall automatically
into Weil-grooved reactions. For
the rival Democratic candidates.
George Mahoney's current announ-
cement for governor Will be not
only a challenge but an affront.
They will cite the variety of his
tries for office and the monotony
OF his defeats. But they will also
think of his durable hold on
enough of the Democratic faithful
TO throw every primary which he
enters into strenuous cffcrves-
ccncc. And all Of them, pro-Ma-
honey or otherwise, will wonder
about his draw with the general
electorate against whomcver the
Republicans put up.
As for the Republicans. they will
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1961-08-24

children and grandchildren for
generations to come for grand out
lays for foreign aid of doubtful
value?
More And More Federal En-
ployees-l Instead of reducing the
number of Government employees,
as was promised, the present Ad-
ministration is adding more en-
ployces. by the thousands In Feb
ruary. 5,304 were added; in March,
1859: in April 12455; in May, $500;
and in June. 1888. That's net in
crease in one month. The total
number of Federal employees on
June 80 not including the military
was 2.419.6S1. Only 168,991 of these
are in Washington, d. c. The others
are scattered from Dan to Beer
sheba. California alone has 239,464
Federal employees. Some of this
vast Federal government employ
mcnt is hard to understand. For
example, the IVA, which operates
primarily in and for the State of
Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi
and Kentucky, has employees in
16 other States and the District
of Columbia. We are prepleXed
about the need for IVA employees
in far-off California. The tentacles
of the Federal octopus reach into
every nook and Granny of our very
existence
Russian Space Achievement-The
successful orbiting flight of Soviet
cosmonaut Major Titov, as re-
ported, is breathtaking both as a
technical achievement and as pure
human adventure If it took place
as reported, our hats are off to the
Russians for this great accomplish
ment 1t indicates growing Soviet
space-flight capability.
We say if because the Soviet
Union did not allow scientists and
members of the press from other
countries to witness either the as
cent into space or the descent from
space of the spaceship. If they
have nothing to hide, why the
rigid curtain of secreacy? l am
told that the voice from the orbit
ing satellite could have been pro-
duced by tape recordings. Nobody
but the Russian ground staff could
communicate with the satellite
during its flight. Reuters news
agency reported that someone re-
ported that the spaceship came
down suspended from parachutes.
A farmer who is said to have wit
messed the landing is reported to
have said that the spaceship came
in and landed under it own power
Some who think it quite possible
that the Soviets simulated the
whole flight say that it's Incredible
that the pilot would actually sleep
eight hours, as reported. while en-
gagged on such a hazardous and
momentous undertaking We are
reminded, too, that the Russians
do not hesitate to lie or forge
official documents or fake stories
OF episodes for propaganda pur-
poses, that they claim with a
straight face that they invented the
automobile and most everything
else.
Despite the doubt raised by the
I'm from-Missouri'' minds, we are
going to assume that the flight
took place exactly as claimed by
Moscow, Assuming this, you may
ask, why did the Russians beat
u.s." The answer is simple; While
the Russians we're going "all out
on space exploration, we in Ameri-
ca were concentrating our efforts
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1961-08-24
Congressional
Viewpoint
Sen John Marshall Butler

In less than three weeks. Balti-
more will become the center of the
maritime world when the opening
gaVel sounds for the XXth Inter
nationa. Navigation Congress. As
President of the Congress. it will
be my pleasure to welcome dele
gates from every corner of the
globe.
The Congress. which is spon-
sorcd by the Permanent Intcrnat-
tional Association Of Navigation
Congresses. will concentrate on
ways and means to produce safer,
more efficient navigation on ocean
and inland waterways. About 1000
maritime experts in government
and private industry are expected
to attend the Congress. which will
run from September II through 10.
Invitations have been rendered to
105 nations It's international flavor
is emphasized by the fact that the
be playing the moon to cover
the hunger and want of his people
and his country's industrial weak
ness. In Russia, railroads, surgery.
hospitals, airports, commercial
aviation. precision tools, spare
parts plants and the automobile
industry, to name a few things at
random, belong back in early
thirties-once you get out of the
four or five showplace cities The
average Russian family hasn't the
slightest chance of ever owning an
automobile In the cities and towns,
almost every family shares an
apartment. Sometimes more than
one family shares a single room
More than half the country's
population live in primitive huts.
Women work as ditch diggers.
street PAYERS, heavy farm laborers.
A Soviet worker puts in a six-day
week. and often has to volunteer
for extra hours without pay TO
meet production goals. Most stu
dents leave school at Is and 90 to
work. Saving for retirement is i'm
possible The aged people fortunate
enough to draw pension have to
work part-time to exist. Things are
SO bad behind the Iron Curtain
: that people are constantly trying
to escape Right now, thousands of
residents of Soviet-dominatcd East
/ Germany are escaping to the West
every day-and this doesn't look
good for Communism.
Russia never paid off the loans
we made her. We have long since
wiped the debt off the books. Be
1 cause Of Russias poor financial
! condition, her contribution to the
/ cost of maintaining the United Ma
tions Organization was set at only
/ 1867 compared to the L. S. A
+ contribution of 32.5e5.
The United States is superior to
Russia in almost every Way-not-
Withstanding the sensational space
report from Moscow. And, we have
freedom, We in America can hold
our heads high
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1961-08-24

Senate rackets probers said they
hoped to show in hearings how
illegal gambling places use
crooked devices to make sure their
patrons can't beat the house"
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1961-08-24

take it out as usual in looking
complacent. They like Mr.. Ma
honey-as a top Democrat aIlergic
to other top Democrats who feed
the Democratic talent for family
disputes. In his opening statement
against Governor TaWes Mr. Ma
honey uses a range of political
cpithetS on which the Republicans
can happily draw. And the COP
will mediate, too, on the historical
fact that in those general elections
which Mr.. Mahoncy himself hasn't
lost, the Democratic nominees
whom he opposed in the primary
have lost. All in all the political
season now opening promises to
be at least a spirited one-From
The Baltimore Sun.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1961-08-24

portunity to demonstrate their
traditional warmth and hospitality.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1961-08-24
Senate CloakroOm
By J. GLENN BEALL
United States Senator from
Maryland

Forth coming Parliamentary
Meetings The Commonwealth
Parliamentary Association is sched-
ulcd to meet in London the last
week of September The Vice
President of the United States has
appointed four United States
Senators to represent this country
at the meeting: Fulbright Ark
Beall Md Young eOhio,) and
Tower Texas Two other interna-
tional meetings are to be held in
Europe this fall: The international
Parliamentary Union, at Brussels,
and the Conference of Parliamen-
tarians from NATO Countries, at
Paris. Appointments to these have
also been made by the Vice Presi-
dent
Foreign Aid Debate: Some Soul
Searching The Senate has been
debating the subject of foreign aid.
To give the President what he
wants for foreign aid has been
likcned to giving him a blank
chcck-for. under his plan. he
could spend hundreds and even
thousands of millions of dollars
just about as he chooses. not only
this coming year but for each of
five years. Many members of Con-
gresS feel that they have no right
to obigate future Congresses to
this kind of program Congress re-
fused to do it for other Presidents
The members have felt that they
should not abandon their response
bility under the Constitution to
make annual appropriations for
whatever Government expenditures
were necessary. President Ken
nedys proposal would permit him
to take money from the Treasury
for foreign aid which had not been
duly appropriated-and to keep up
this kind Of backdoor spending
for five years without further
authority from Congress.
In the past I supported foreign
aid because l felt that it was an
investment in national security,
that each dollar spent on foreign
aid would save us several dollars
on defense spending. However, rev.
Citations of maladministration and
waste in the program and recent
developments in international rela-
lions have caused me to feel that
the whole program should be re-
evaluatcd.
We must ask ourselves, Has
this Congress the right to obIigate
the American people and their