davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-09-24
Stocks Ignore
Good News in
Sharp Decline
By ED MORSE


NEW YORK, Sept. 23.-
Ignoring good news. the stock
market this week took its
sharpest loss in three months.
The decline seemed battling
to some. in view of an expected
pickup in business and profits,
but it was in line with the
thinking of a number of stock
market technicians.
From an economic viewpoint,
Wall Street had the tonic it
has been waiting for in the
agreement between General
Motors and the United Auto
Workers Union. The Street also
had the reassuring news from
Commerce Secretary H o d g e S
that the Nations output of
goods and services is running
at a record annual rate of 1926
billion in the current quarter
The Dow Jones industrial
average on Monday fell below
the August support level" of
714.03. This. theoretically, por-
tended further decline. The Dow
industrials this week fell 14.73
to 701.57. The Associated Press
average of so stocks fell $40 to
251.20, for its sharpest decline
since the week ended June IT
The weeks volume was 49,
915.2i0 shares compared with
14,897.300 in the prior week
OF the LAP issues traded. 836
declined and 433 advanced.
Evening star., 1961-09-24

turns will be transcribed onto
punch cards which will be con-
verted into magnetic tapes. The
tapes will go to Martinsburg for
checking against the master
files. Then they'll come back
70 the regional centers, which
will Use their automatic proc
esSing equipment to print bills,
notices, ETC., for mailing to
taxpayers and for use by the
Internal Revenue Service.
Tied in with its historic use
of mechanical brains to check
on taxpayers is the TreaSury's
decision to star examining
taxpayers who usly
weren't considered in 'produc-
tive" fields.
The Treasury's reason for
examining these taxpayers is
not to find a lot of additional
tax money. Rather, it is to
keep various large groups of
taxpayers reporting accurately.
First Computers Installed
Atlanta was selected as the
first of the nine regional serv-
ice centers for automated op-
Grafton, and it already has
received and installed its COM
puters. Starting January /, the
Atlanta center will begin to
process corporation returns,
quarterly Federal excise tax
returns, income and social
security withholding taxes and
others for business firms in
North and South Carolina,
Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mis-
sissipi and Tennessee. 1t will
process individual tax returns
starting January /, 1868.
The next regional service
center will be set up in Phila-
delphia and will cover Penn
sylvania, New Jersey, Delaware,
Maryland and the District of
Columbia.
On October % in Washington,
IRIS Commissioner Mortimer
Caplin will hold a one-day con-
ference to discuss the many
and varied aspects of the con-
version to automation. Busi-
nessmen and their professional
advisers are invited to attend
the conference, for the switch
over is certain to have a dra-
matte impact on their tax-filing
procedures.
4 Distributes 1861 by The Hall Syndi-
/ cate, Inc: All Rights Reserved)
Evening star., 1961-09-24

touotations Furnished by the Associated Pressl
1851 Sales Net
High Low 56ds1 High Low Last Chg
Evening star., 1961-09-24
YOUR
MONEYS WORTH
Revolution in Tax Checkup
1Y SYLVIA PoRTER

The most spectacular revolu-
tion in the entire history of
administration of our Federal
income tax laws will get under
way within the next 100 days.
Before this year ends, the
Internal R venue Servic G
will initiate its long-heralded
switch-over to automated han
ding of tax returns. When
automation takes over, the IRIS
will be able to determine by
merely pressing button:
| If you failed to file a return:
If you made mathematical
mistakes on your tax return:
4 Whether you at any particu-
lar time still owe back taxes or
other taxes;
Whether you're showing on
your return what others are
reporting about you on their
information returns;
Whether your tax return
should be selected for examina-
ton by the IRIS agents.
Master Files
The heart of this automated
tax check-up system will be the
computer center at Martins
burg, w. Va. Here the IRIS will
keep on magnetic tape one
master file of all business tax
payers and another master file
of all individual taxpayers.
/ Your file as a taxpayer will
clearly identify you and show
your current status-including
tax liability, tax delinquency,
payment and refund informa-
ton, results of prior audits and
: related data.
Each taxpayer also will have
an account number-his social
security number and any per-
son who hasn't a social security
number will be issued one.
Business taxpayers already
have employer Identification
numbers.
| You'll send your tax returns
to local district offices, as you
now do. These offices will
pass on your returns for proc
essing to one of nine regional
service centers. There the re-
Evening star., 1961-09-24
DIVIDENDS
BY the Associated Press
CHICAGO GRAIN

CHICAGO, Sept. 23 (AP).-A fairly
steady but thin demand held the
grain futures market on q generally
firm trend this week, and most con-
tracts finished with moderate gains.
Oats. the major exception, came
under fairly heavy pressure the final
two days and losses there ran to well
over 2la cents a bushel Brokers said
oats, showed signs of having been
overboueht on the possibility that
Canada and some European countries
would require large imports.
/ overall volume after Wednesday
was light. Weather again became a
major consideration in the soybean
pit. At the end OF the week, a fore
cast of heavy general rainfall over
the major producing area, with the
harvest getting under way. attracted q
good volume nf short covering and
acquisition of long positions.
At the end of the week, wheat was
= cents bushel higher to Il lower
December 2.0694-'s;, corn ss-1 cent
changed to "ss lower, December
72Ls-l.i rye pa high to "a lower, De
higher, November 2.39-39is.
The coastland times with which is combined the pilot and herald of Belhaven and Swan Quarter., 1961-04-14
NEWS OF BELH AVE N
And The Pungo River District
MRS. NJ l. WINDLEY. Representative VIII a-ao6
PUNGO DISTRICT HOSPITAL

White patients April $40.
Raymond Sawyer, Mrs. Irene
Flowers, Joe Quidley, Foster Flow
ers of Belhaven. Kenneth Dunbar
of Scranton. John Patrick O'Neal,
Macon Credle and Mrs. Bessie
Macon Swan Quarter. Baby Alana
Burroughs and Mrs. Evora Rad
cliffe of Pinetown. Mrs. Viola Nc
Kinney of Engelhard. Miss Wanda
Harris of Bath and David B. Wilk-
inson of Pantego.
Colored patients: Sarah Stanley
and Gloria Smith of Belhaven. Lor-
ena Gardner, Evelyn Campbell and
Willie Perry of Scranton.
Births COlored
Mr.. and Mrs. Robert Edward
Carter of Bath a daughter, Barbara
Evon Carter on April 2, Mother
was the former Katherine Peele.
| Frances Taylor, a son, Jerry Le-
Won Taylor on March 81.
The coastland times with which is combined the pilot and herald of Belhaven and Swan Quarter., 1961-04-14
SAWYER-FORMAN WEDDING

On Saturday evening, April 1, at
1880 o'clock Miss Sandra LaRue
Forman became the bride of Will
liam Douglas Sawyer, at the Mt.
Olive Christian Church Route one,
Belhaven.
The bride is the daughter of Mr..
and Mrs. Lonnie Forman and the
bridegroom is the son of Mr.. and
Mrs. Reuben Sawyer, of the Pom
zer community.
The Rev. Myron Elliott officiat-
ed, and music was rendered by Mrs
Roswell Forman, painist and Mrs,
R. H. Allen soloist. Mrs. Allen sang
,"Whither Thou Goest" and "A
Wedding Prayer.
The bride wore an afternoon
length dress of blue silk organza
fashioned with a bouffant skirt
with large bow at the waist and a
tiny hat of matching material. She
carried Bible topped with a white
orchid.
Miss Eileen Stewart, the brides
only attendant, wore a dress of
pink organza apphqued with lace
and featuring a bouffant skirt and
scoop neckline, with white acces-
sories. She carried nosegay OF
pink carnations and NUNS.
Floyd w. Sawyer served his
brother as best man and u5herS
were his brother-in-law, F. T. Fo-
tuskey of Norfolk and ]. 7. Gibbs
of Ponzer.
Mrs. Glenn Caravan assisted the
wedding party at church.
Immediately after the ceremony
Mrs. J. T. Fotusky, sister of the
bridegroom, entertained with a re,
ception in the Ponzer community
Building.
The refreshment table, covered
with a white linen cloth was cen
tered by a three-tiered wedding
cake topped with a miniature bride
and bridegroom, flanked by white
tapers in crystal holders. Mrs. Fo'
tusky cut and served the cake
while Mrs. Charles Hood of Nor
folk, a sister of the bridegroom
and Mrs. Floyd Sawyer presided a
twin punch services.
The bride is graduate of tn
John A. Wilkinson High School ant
lis employed in Belhaven. The bride
groom is employed at Lake Phelp
Farm.
After a short wedding trip, tht
Sawyers will be at home at Bel
haven Route one.
The coastland times with which is combined the pilot and herald of Belhaven and Swan Quarter., 1961-04-14
COURT OF AWARDS HELD
FOR BELHAVEN SCOUTS

A court of awards for Belhaven
Boy Scout Troop 80 was held Tues
day night in conjunction with the
meeting of tthe Belhaven-Pantego
Rotary Club, sponsoring organiza-
tion Program chairman VISA Otis
Johnston.
Scout Master, Charles Latham,
led the scouts in the Pledge of AL
legiance, the Scouts Oath, and
America. The Scout Law was
then presented by the group with
each boy lighting candle.
Mr. Latham presented the Ten
derfoot Badges to Ben Brinson,and
Robbie Calfee. Lonnie Moore, Ro-
tary Scout committee chairman,
presented the Second Class Badg-
es to Jack Noble, Edwin O'Neal,
Del Tolan, Dannie Daniels and
Chuck Latham. H. L. Dilday
awarded First Class badges to Ted
Jones, Ray Gum, Frankie Calfee'
Ed Voliva, Jack Romich and Butch
Tillman.
The charter for Troop 80 was
presented by Bill O'Geary, District
Scout Director, and accepted by
Hank Van Drop, Rotary Club presi-
dent.
Special guests were Mr.. OGeary,
Bob Frowein of Washington and
Leslie Tetterton, assistant Scout
Master of Belhaven.
Members of the local scout COM
mattee are Lonnie Moore, Chair
man; James Younce, public rela'
tions; C. B. Tillman, outdoorsmani
Jack Leigh, Transportation; DR.. J
T. Wright, health and safety. Jim
snie Calfee, advancement; and Mil
ton Gum, secretary.
The coastland times with which is combined the pilot and herald of Belhaven and Swan Quarter., 1961-04-14
OPEN HOUSE FOR NEWLYWED

Mr.. and Mrs. C. R. Potter and
Mr.. and Mrs Andrew Hodges held
open house at the Potter home
Wednesday evening honoring Mr.
and Mrs. Eugene Linton, whose
marriage took place April 2.
Mrs. w. L. Johnston greeted the
guests and presented them to the
honor couple. The refreshment ta-
BILE was covered with an embroider-
ed linen cloh and centered with an
arrangement of white tulips in a
silver bowl, flanked by white ta-
pers in silver holders. Miss Mary
Elizabeth Bell and Mrs. H. l.. Dill
day served punch. Canapes, chicken
salad and crab meat in patty shells
pound cake and mints completed
the refreshments.
The coastland times with which is combined the pilot and herald of Belhaven and Swan Quarter., 1961-04-14
BELHAvEN PERSONALS

Mesdames w. C. Creole, B. F.
Keaton and Miss Mary Elizabeth
Bell motored to Edenton on Sun
day where they picked up Mrs. AL
len Downum before continuing to
Elizabeth City to visit Mr.. and Mrs.
R. Stanley Wahab. Mr.. Wahab is a
patient at Albemarle Hospital.
Mrs. M. L. Windley went to
Washington on Monday to get her
mother, Mrs. Ethel Gibbs who has
been a patient at Beaufort county
Hospital. She is now with Mrs
Windley.
Mrs. Melvin Lupton, Misses
Mardge Eta and Becky Luptor
spent Sunday in Elizabeth City.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. E. Tilson and
family of Rocky Mount visited here
last week end.
Mesdames w. C. Credle, H. L
Harvey and M. L. Windley spen
Friday in Washington
Mr.. and Mrs. d. C. Creole arr
Visiting in Yorktown, Va, will
Mr.. and Mrs. Clifton Mann Creole
Mr.. and Mrs. ]. Harry Swindell
Mrs. Hal MCGEE and Buddy McGe'
visited Mrs. Ethel Gibbs Monday.
Mrs. L. A. Knight has returned
after a visit in Raleigh with he
daughter and son-in-law, Mr.. ant
Mrs. Howard Mills.
Mr.. and Mrs. Mark Powell, Mrs
H. G. Brumsey and Mrs. NJ L
Windley spent Thursday in Wash
ington
Mr.. and Mrs. T. D. Jones visitet
at Beaufort County Hospital ant
at the Beaufort County Nursing
Home Sunday.
Mrs. S. M. Jarret of Shelby, Mrs
Buford Green, Mrs. Elizabeth Bes'
and Mrs. Maude Baynor Pittman
Department Officers of the Amer
lean Legion Auxiliary spent Friday
night in Belhaven.
Mrs. Edgar Martin and Mrs
Gladys Sawyer spent Thursday II
Washington.
The coastland times with which is combined the pilot and herald of Belhaven and Swan Quarter., 1961-04-14
MRS. EUGENE LINTON
HONORED AT BRUNCH

Mrs. Eugene Linton, who before
her marriage on April 2, was Mrs
Clayde C. Clark, was honored on
Saturday at brunch at the home
of Mrs. Madelyne Bartlett on East
Main Street in Belhaven. Hostesses
besides Mrs. Bartlett were Mrs
Scott Topping and Miss Patty Lou
Martin.
Places were laid for 16 at tables
decorated with camellia centerpie-
ces. The brides table was in white
and was centered with miniature
bride and bridegroom, wedding
bells and white flowers.
The hostesses presented the
bride with linens.
y Guests were Miss Naomi Linton
Mesdames Bernard Voliva, Axsor
Smith, H. L. Dilday, James Younce
John Romick, Orville Clark, Harry
Britemeyer, J. H. Purvis, John
Windfield, R. D. Mitchell, j. E
Edwards, Curtis Clark, Victor Ru-
ark and Leon Smith.
The coastland times with which is combined the pilot and herald of Belhaven and Swan Quarter., 1961-04-14
ALLEN BADLY BURNED

Howard Allen, chief clerk with
the ASC office of Washington, suf-
fered severe burns about the body
while working near his home Sat-
urday.
The accident happened about
1880 am. while Mr.. Allen was
burning trash near his home. He
threw a can that he presumed
empty on the fire and it exploded,
because the can contained gaso-
line.
Suddenly enveloped in flames
Mr.. Allen ripped off his coveralls
and rolled about on the ground to
nut out the flames. He was rushed
to Beaufort County Hospital in
Washington by his wife, and treat
ed for second and third degree
burns. He is reported in fair con-
dition by hospital authorities.
The coastland times with which is combined the pilot and herald of Belhaven and Swan Quarter., 1961-04-14
MRS. E. w. MIDGETTE
BOOK CLUB HOSTESS

Mrs. ]. Harold Lupton presided
and opened the program of the
Book Club with a paper, on the
latest English translation of the
Bible.
The program was given by Mrs
J. H. Purvis; her topic was a bi.
ographical sketch Of the life OF
Clara Barton, founder of the Amer.
lean Red Cross.
Mrs. Midgette served a dessert
course, salted nuts and coffee tc
the following members: Mesdames
Andrew Hodges, J. H. Purvis, Roy
Justice, John Boyer, H. l.. Harvey
Paul Dawson, L. A. Knight, Angus
Miller, Harold Lupton, R. D. Mitch
ell, J. r. Brown and Miss Loyce
Brinson.
The coastland times with which is combined the pilot and herald of Belhaven and Swan Quarter., 1961-04-14
MRS. RUSSELL HOSTESS

Mrs. Grady Fussell was hostess
to the Margaret Jane Fellowship OF
the First Christian Church. Ar
rangements of spring flowers were
used for decorations.
Mrs. H. E. Boyd, Jr., presided
and Mrs. James E. Edwards gave
the devotional.
It was reported that the new
drapes for the Church chapel had
been completed and hung; this was
a recent Fellowship project. 1t was
decided to have new screens for the
church kitchen built.
Following the business meeting,
Mrs. Fussell served refreshments
to the following members, H. E.
Boyd, Jr., James E. Edwards, Geor-
ge aker, Jr., Wilbur Ballenger,
Charles McHarney, Jr, Cleve
Woodward and Howard Voliva.
The coastland times with which is combined the pilot and herald of Belhaven and Swan Quarter., 1961-04-14
CARD CLUB MEETS

Mrs. Leigh Wahab was high
scorer on Thursday evening when
Mrs. Marshall Willis entertained
the members of bridge club 13 at
Hubs Rec, near Belhaven. Mrs
Jack Leigh received the low and
Mrs. Wahab also won the bingo
prize.
Upon arrival Mrs. Willis served
pie and coffee. During cards bottle
drinks and cream puffs were enjoy
ed.
Members playing were Mes
danes Cleve Woodward, Grady
Fussell, David Balance, Jr., Leigh
Wahab, Charles Midgette, H. l.
Dilday, Orville Clark, Jimmie Cal
fee, C. B. Tillman, James Griffin
and Jack Leigh.
The coastland times with which is combined the pilot and herald of Belhaven and Swan Quarter., 1961-04-14
BELHAvEN MYF HOSTS

Members of the Methodist Youth
Fellowship of Trinity Methodist
Church in Belhaven were hosts
Thursday evening to sub-district
meeting. Other churches represent
ed were Bethany, Asbury, Whort-
on's and Wares Chapel. Joe Leg
gett, of Wares Chapel presided.
Sandra Tinker of Belhaven led
the devotional and the Rev Lester
Bissett showed a film.
The program was concluded with
reports from each group. Officers
will be elected in June.
At the conclusion of the program
the young people played games and
were served refreshments.
The coastland times with which is combined the pilot and herald of Belhaven and Swan Quarter., 1961-04-14

and bubble gum were served by
Mrs. Cutrell, assisted by Mrs. Char
les Latham and Miss Marian Fos-
ter.
Guests included Doug and Pa
tricia Alligood, Cyndy Boyd, Mar.
garet Cox, Ellis and Johnnie Cut
rell, Bennie Daniels, Rena Edwards
My-a Fave Foster, Melody Harris
Debbie Jones, Cindy, David and
Karen Latham, Dennis Nixon, Dor
othy Lee and Mary Rose Powell
Teresa Rose, Jan Ross and Johr
Martin Voliva.
The coastland times with which is combined the pilot and herald of Belhaven and Swan Quarter., 1961-04-14
MRS. HOWARD VOLIvA
ENTERTAINS CARD CLUB

Mrs. E. r. Chesson received high
score prize, Mrs. John Cutrell low
and Mrs w. B. Voliva won at bin
go Tuesday evening when Mrs.
Howard Voliva entertained her
bridge club in Belhaven.
Mrs. Voliva served a dessert
course upon arrival of guests and
during progressions iced drinks and
crackers We're enjoyed.
Members playing were, Mes
danes John Cutrell, W. B. Voliva,
The coastland times with which is combined the pilot and herald of Belhaven and Swan Quarter., 1961-04-14
BELHAVEN RECORDERS
COURT NEWS

Charlie Sylvester Bell of Rt. l
Pantego pleaded guilty to driving
without a muffler was not fined
but had to pay cost Of court.
Gerald N. Hope of Camp lie
Jeune pleaded guilty to charges OF
public drunkenness was fined So
and cost of court.
John Frank Riddick, Rt. 1, Bath,
pleaded guilt to charges of public
drunkenness and received a 80 day
suspended sentence upon payment
of SIS fine and cost of court.
Edward c. Spencer of Brooklyn
N. Y. Pleaded guilty to charges OF
failing to dim headlights and re-
ceived 80 day suspended upon the
payment of $40 fine and cost OF
court.
Joe Greekspoor, Jr. Grassy
Ridge, pleaded guilty to worthless
check charges. Had to pay check
and cost of court.
David Sales of Belhaven on q
a verdict of payment of check and
cost of court.
Benjamin Decater Daniels of Bel
haven, pleaded guilty to public
drunkenness charges and received
a IS fine and cost of court.
johnson Linda Brown of New
Haven. Conn. reckless driving
charges, pleaded guilty and reciev'
ed a 80 day suspended sentence
upon payment of $25 fine and cost
of court.
D. Rock Squires of Rt. 1, Pan
tego pleaded guilty to public
drunkenness charges and received
a SIS fine and cost of court.
David Edward Ambrose of Rt. l
Pinetown pleaded guilty to charge!
of public drunkenness and received
a 80 day suspended sentence upor
payment of SIS fine and cost o
court.
James Colon Lawrence of Rt. /
Bath, pleaded guilty to charges Of
failing to yield the right of way
and received a 80 day suspended
sentence upon payment of $40 fine
and cost of court.
Alonza Weston, Jr., of Belhaven
pleaded guilty to charges of public
drunkenness and received 30 day
suspended sentence upon payment
of SIS fine and cost of court.
Carrie Clark Green of Belhaver
pleaded guilty to charges of oper
ating a vehicle on the wrong sidf
of the road and received a $40 fin'
and cost of court.
The coastland times with which is combined the pilot and herald of Belhaven and Swan Quarter., 1961-04-14
CELEBRATES BIRTHDAY

Christy Cuthrell, daughter of Mr..
and Mrs. John Cutrell, was honored
at a party celebrating her sixth
birthday Saturday afternoon.
Guests were presented party
hats, balloons and favors.
Games were played and the homo
rec opened and displayed her gifts.
The dinning table was centered
with a white birthday cake decorat-
ed with six lighted candles and
Easter chicks. Cup cakes, ice cream
The coastland times with which is combined the pilot and herald of Belhaven and Swan Quarter., 1961-04-14
FILE FOR REELECTION

According to Clerk Harold Lup-
ton three have filed for reelection
In the alderman race. G. r. Potter,
Otis Johnston and c. B. Tillman OF
East Belhaven had filed as of Tues
day as had Mayor James Younce.
The two remaining Aldermen are
expected to file today. The Primary
viii be held on April "a.
The coastland times with which is combined the pilot and herald of Belhaven and Swan Quarter., 1961-04-14

The only methods of curing can
Ger today are radiation or surgery,
or a combination of both. In the
treatment of certain types of can
Ger, however, hornones, drugs, and
some radioactive substances have
proved valuable. To step up the re-
search attack on cancer, support
the American Cancer Society's
Crusade.
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1961-06-29
LET TERS
Stony Creek, Virginia

Stony Creek, Virginia
Dear Mr.. East,
In the issue Of your Petal
Paper Of April the 9Th. It car
ried a very interesting article,
entitled: IA Misguided Missis-
sippian."
would like to answer this
misguided Mississippian" in
your Petal Paper.
will not take the time to
comment on what was sal d
about India and Greece; but I
mean to dwell on Egypt. To my
mind the writer sh o we d a
Damn Lot of Ignorance and
Heathenism about Egypt. Whilst
he is right about The Early Civ
ilization of Egypt, he is entirely
wrong about it being by White
People. He is wrong again when
he says that Egypt fell from her
lofty position among the ma
tions by race-mixing.
After Egypt became a mighty
nation she went into idolitry;
and God had the prophet Jere-
miah not only to prophesy to
them from Jerusalem; but had
him to go into Egypt and warn
them that if they did not turn
from their wickedness, that He
would overthrow them. (Jere-
miah 1873, 9, 10, H.
God had the prophet Ezekiel
to prophesy also, against Egypt.
And said after she had been
overthrown: "She would be-
Continued on Page -
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1961-06-29

In the past few weeks devel-'
opments at the University of
Mississippi have been interest
ing indeed. The affair revolves
around a young man n a m e d
Billy G.. Barton, and his desire
to be elected editor Of the cam
pus newspaper. AS a result of
the business, unfair, uncouth,
and uncivilized charges have
been made against the citizens
councils and the state sover-
eighty commission, both of
which are state organizations,
aimed at and dedicated to the
proposition that some folks need
looking after. No better case
could be found than that of Bill
ly G. Barton.
That boy, twenty years old,
a native of this state, and a
student at a state supported in
stitution, does indeed need look
ing after. He seems to think he
has a right to Ere d ON of
Speech, Freedom of Association,
Freedom Of Press, and Freedom
in General. Such persons are
dangerous, to say the very least;
they should be watched, cared
for, and taken out of circulation
if they insist on such nonsense.
And Barton is an migrate, for the
citizens council and the SOW
ereignty commission would care
for him. but he reacted in a
manner unbecoming to a gen.
tleman of the old south, and
that's ingratitude, the most un-
kindest cut Of all, that.
Here's what happened, and
after reading this, you'll feel as
we do, that Barton is in>need
of help, and the best place to
get it Is from the citiz m
council and/or the sovereignty
commission of this state.