davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-05-13
Sees Greet Risk

The Mortgage Bankers As
sociation of America charges
that the proposal. if en-
acted, would broaden home
ownership at great risk and
would undermine the integ-
rity Of home buyers and the
responsibility of mortgage
bankers"
At present, the legislation
to provide the 40-year loans
is on both sides of the Capt.
tol. 1t has been approvd by
the Housing subcommittee of
the Senate Banking and
Currency Committee and is
awaiting action by the full
committee.
On the House side, hear
ings have been completed by
the Housing subcommittee of
the House Banking and Cur
rency Committee, but no vote
has been taken as yet.
Home builders argue that
the reduction in monthly
payments that would result
from a 40-year mortgage
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-11-04
U.S.-JAPAN TEXTILE PACT
TAGGED BACKWARD STEP

of such trade between nations.
broadening the base for inter-
national trade relations and set
ting up relief from undue pres
sure of imports.
The bilateral agreement with
Japan, the council said, author
lied Japan to increase its 1861
shipments of apparel despite the
"heavy burden" of imports and
the poor condition of the ap-
parel market in the u. S.
Further concessions were
made in negotiations for the
1862 agreement, disregarding
the classification structure, mar
ket disruption controls and other
measures worked out in Geneva.
To strengthen the forces seek
ing one-country solutions to the
import problem by raising du-
ties, etc. "would be a tragedy
for the United States and the
entire free world" the council
declared.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-11-04
LABOR URGES
STANDARD OF 80 HOURS
Peoria, Ill.-A national move

Peoria, Ill.-A national move
ment for the 30-hour week with
no reduction in weekly take
home pay was called for by the
Illinois State AFL-CIO.
The action was taken by the
state convention here two days
after Sec. of Labor Arthur ].
Goldberg rejected the PROPOSE
ton that the workweek should
be cut in order to provide more
jobs. Gildberg said the first
task is to put all Americans
willing and able to work back
on the job.
The 1900 delegates declared
that "the impact of job displace-
ment through automation, labor
saving devices and speed-up
must not become a source of
higher profits for the few and
hardship for the many"
Goldberg told the convention
that Pres. Kennedy would pro-
pose new legislation to Congress
next January to deal with the
unemployment situation "if the
measures we have already taken
do not bring the percentage of
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-11-04

New York-The U. S.-Japan-
csc agreement on American i'm
ports of textiles and apparel for
1862 is a serious backward
STEP" the AFL-CIO Executive
Council has declared, because it
threatens the Constructive ap-
proach" worked out in Geneva
earlier this year.
The council adopted state
ment voicing it's serious con-
Germ" and warning that unless
the multilateral arrangements
worked out among cotton textile
exporting nations in Geneva are
extended, the "forces urging
unilateral solution to the i'm
port problem will be immeasur-
ably strengthened"
The statement hailed the
Geneva agreement of July 81,
1861 as a "major advance" in
providing a worldwide accept
able approach to orderly mar
keting of textiles and apparel by
definitions to evaluate the flow
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-11-04

Denver Colo. - A check for
$4,000 was presented to the
National Jewish Hospital at
Denver, by the Ancient Egyp-
tan Arabic Order of Mobiles Of
the Mystic Shrine during q
luncheon honoring the Order
Sunday October 22).
Governor Steve McNichols at
tended the function held at the
famed free, non-sectarian chest
disease center, and warmly COM
mended both the Order and the
Hospital "for their labors on
behalf of humanity"
The check was presented to
Hospital President Walter NJ.
Simon by DR.: A. L. Robinson of
Mounds, Illinois, Imperial Medi-
cal Director of the Order.
1t was the second of two con-
tributions, totaling $4,000, by
the Order of the Hospital. The
first was presented two years
ago.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-11-04

Spingarn, NAACP President,
Howard University Law School
Dean Spottswood w. Robinson,
III, former New York City Po-
lice Commissioner Stephen p.
Kennedy and Bishop Stephen
Spottswood, Chairman of the
NAACP.
Judge Marshalps wife, Cecilia,
and his two sons, Thurgood, Jr.,
5, and John, 8, were proud on
lockers.
Legal Defense Fund General
Counsel Jack Greenberg, who
succeeded Mr.. Marshall as head
Of the Legal Defense Fund,
members Of the Defense Fund
Board, and the entire staff were
present.
Before administering the oath
Of office, Chief Judge J. Edward
Lumbard read q brief statement
in which he said:
ION behalf of all the judges
Of this Court, we count our
selves fortunate in that the
President has seen fit to fill one
Of the newly created circuit
judgeships by nominating SO
eminent and knowledgeable a
member Of our bar as Mr.. Thur
good Marshall.
During the past twenty
years, few, If any, members Of
the American bar have had 90
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-11-04
Federal Court.
Continued from Page One)

\SOuLiIluoQ lTOm rage OHo)
The appellate court ruling,
with Circuit Judge Ben Cameron
of Meridian dissenting, direct
ed the lower to court to issue a
temporary restraining order.
The Justice Department con-
tended that prosecution of Har-
dy was an effort to intimidate
would-be Negro voters in the
county-where civil rights ac-
ton to aid non-Caucasian resi-
dents to vote is pending.
The majority opinion, by
Judges Richard T. Rives of
Montgomery, Ala, and John
Brown of Houston, Tex, held
that the case was of Importance
"such as to require full hear
ing"
Judge Cameron's dissent
noted that this "is not the time
for outsiders, unfamiliar
with the intricate problems in
volved, to set neighbor against
neighbor - to adopt a course
which will ultimately lead to
the destruction of the tolerance
and understanding so necessary
to the continued advancement of
the interests of both races"
Defendants in the Justice De-
partment suit are Circuit Clerk
John @. Wood, also the Walthall
County registrar; Sheriff Edd
Craft, Tylertown; City Atty.
Breed Michael Carr.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-11-04
ityJudge...
Continued from Page One)

Young of Jackson, Miss, said
he was uncertain what the 9TH
ers would dc and indicated some
might prefer to serve the Jail
sentences.
The Is were arrested, along
with about 100 Negro high
school students, on Oct. when
they staged the demonstration
in front of City Hall.
Judge Brumfield said the evil
dence presented convinced him
this was a Calculated effort to
cause breach of the peace and
could have led to violence"
eve have been able to keep
violence non-existant in Nc
Conn., he said, and told the Is
what they had done had led to
a "worsening of relations be-
tween the races"
He told the McComb residents
among those convicted that they
were "sheep being led to slaugh-
ter by out of state agitators.
Young asked the court for a
directed verdict of acquittal,
ccntending the state had not
proven its case. Brumfield over
ruled the motion.
The Rev. Donald Gadson, a
Negro Baptist minister from
Detroit, failed to show for the
trial and forfeited his 500 ap-
pearance bond.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-11-04
MahaIia Jackson
Sings Gospel
Because My
Soul Is Happy"

Mahalia Jackson was born to
sing the gospel songs, and no
offers of fame and money could
keep her from lifting her great
voice to praise the Lord, Alex
Haley reports in the November
Readers Digest.
In a profile of the great
singer titled "She Makes a JOY
full Music" Haley notes that
when she was a desperately poor
nobody, in New Orleans and
Chicago, she had to fight against
a recurrent temptation that to
anyone else would have been the
chance of a lifetime-lucrative
offers to sing jazz and the blues.
Musicians, friends, relatives
even her husband Albert Hook
ehull, a Tuskegee graduate who
worked as a postal clerk because
he couldn't get job in his field
of chemistry-urged her to sing
jazz, but she would not. There
was despair in the blues" she
has said. Singing Gods music
gives me hope. l sing because
my soul is happy"
Both Mahalia and her husband
lost their jobs during the de-
preston. One night, with just
so cents in her pocket, she went
to addition for a Negro musical,
The Hot Mikado. After hearing
her, the producer offered her
the lead; but she had a change
of heart, and turned it down.
"God put me here to sing the
gospels" she once told Louis
Armstrong. He replied: you'd
be the greatest, but l got to go
along with that"
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-11-04

David Dennis reported that the
nursery was Quilted, although
the Fire Department responded
quickly OF the call.
After the bombing the CORE
meeting continued with the
singing of eve Shall Overcome"
and "Down Freedom Line"
The group also finished it's
plans to boycott the Louisiana
State Fair. Leaflets were dis
tributed later urging the boy
colt.
Firemen joined the CORE
group at a fried chicken meal
after they had put out the blaze
in the church nursery, according
to Dennis.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-11-04
Thurgood -.
: CONTINUED from Page One)

to the federal bench came TWEEN
ty-five years to the month after
he began his career in the legal
work of the NAACP.
Among the dignitaries who
attended the ceremony were
Secretary of Labor Arthur J.
Goldberg, u. s. Senator Jacob
X. Javits of New York, and
New York City Mayor Robert
F. Wagner. :.
Others present included Ma
ACP Executive Secretary Roy
Wilkins, Judge William H. Has
be of the U. s. Court Of Ap-
peals for the Third Circuit,
Manhattan Borough President
Edward r. Dudley, Appellate
Division Justice Harold Stew
ems, General Sessions Judge
Thomas Dickens City Court
Judge Francis Rivers, and Chi
cego Attorney Robert Ming.
Also George Crawford, Sover-
eign Grand Commander, Sup
RENE Council, Northern Juris-
diction of Prince Hall Masons;
Louis E. Martin, Deputy Direc-
tor of the Democratic National
Committee and publisher Of the
Michigan Chronicle; Arthur =.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-11-04
FbI Asked -.
CONTINUED from Page One)

CONTINUED from Page One)
was heavily damaged"
"Our representatives report
that the bombs were thrown
from a 1860 Ford and 1852 or
1868 pickup truck. The license
number of the Ford was taken
and turned over to local police.
Only one policeman came to the
scene to investigate and results
Of this investigation are not
known"
"This attack upon a place of
worship and upon a CORE
meeting does a double dis-ser-
vice to our democracy. Urge
that Federal Bureau Of Investi-
cation make a thorough report
and that Department of Jus
tice act to protect freedom of
worship and Of assembly"
CORE regional representative
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-11-04

varied an experience in the Fed
eral trial and appellate courts
of so many Federal circuits
"For more than twenty years
Mr.. Marshall has devoted his
talents to the great cause of
civil rights, and he has con-
tributed to the steady and GER
tain progress Of this cause by
unremitting labor, legal skill,
expert advocacy, loyalty and de-
votion. It is no surprise that he
is now called to serve in q high
er capacity in the administra-
ton of all our laws as one Of
our circuit JUICES"
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-11-04
On Booker I. Washington S
Famous Atlanta Address

DR.. Rosa L. Gragg, the President of the Ma
tional Council of Negro Women, largest, oldest,
and most widely influential organization of Negro
Women, both nationally and internationally found
ed and organized by the late great Negro woman
leader, Dr. Mary Mcleod Bethune in speech to
members of the City Federation of Colored Wom-
ems Clubs here Sunday in pointing out a course
for continued Negro progress, quoted at length
from the famous address delivered by Booker r.
Washington, founder of Tuskegee Institute and
greatest among the great American Negro leaders
in the opinion of most historians at the Interna-
tonal Cotton Exposition in Atlanta Georgia, in
1908.
The late Manning Johnson, able and scholarly
Negro who became member of the Communist
Party and remained with it long enough to discov-
er the evil purpose in it's loudly expressed concern
for the citizenship rights of the American Negro,
sensing the dangers in the manner and direction
in which Negroes are being led today, in an article
published in 1858 in of the nations leading
magazines, said the greatest need of Negro lead
ership in the United States is another Booker T.
Washington.
Honored and feted by the President of the
United States the King of England and the great
est among the great in every walk of life through
out the world for it's depth of wisdom and the phil
osophy of relations it contained it was the At
lanta address by Booker T. Washington that quieted
the tension, soothed the anomosities removed the
fears, and created the climate of opinion, and
brought about the spirit of interracia cooperation
that made possible the great progress of Negroes
In the south which followed the post-reconstruc-
ton period, but is now in great danger of being
seriously interrupted.
Those who are attempting to lead Negroes in
the south today, haunted by the greatest of his
spirit and the depth of wisdom and philosophy of
calling him and Uncle Tom, seek to shunt him
aside by saying that in the Atlanta address he was
asking only for half loaf In answer to this bit of
calumny we would point out that such charge re-
garding half a loaf was made somewhere back in
ancient time, and the reply came back that half
loaf is better than no bread To this reply there
rebuttal.
There is going to be lot of speech making in
jackson over the weekend, and probably in the
Immediate days ahead, of a kind with which all
Negro citizens of Jackson, and of this state, are
well acquainted. However, in these times of grow
ing tension anomosity, fear and distrust of frus-
tratlon, bewilderment, and disappointments in the
quest for the status of first class citizenship for
comparison and for what we believe will be greater
peace of mind and continuing high hopes for
better future, we urge readers to read and
while reading, hear the great depth of wisdom,
and the philosophy of race relations in the famous
address OF Booker T. Washington delivered at the
international Cotton Exposition, in 1903, in At
lanta Georgia, printed in full on page five of this
edition of the Jackson Advocate.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-11-04

unemployed substantially below
it's present level"
A resolution Gliding Kennedy
for vetoing a longevity postal
pay bill was adopted by unani-
nous vote of the convention.
Gov. Otto Kerner said "there
will be no legislative restrictions
on the collective bargaining pro-
cess as long as he is in office.
From the platform he announced
that he was naming a convention
delegate from Electrical Work
ers Local 1874, Robert R. DON
nelly, as the state director of
labor.
Pres. Reuben G. Soderstrom
of the State AFL-CIO was aw-
arded a 50-year membership
emblem of the Typographical
Union, Soderstrom, Executive
Vice Pres. Stanley L. Johnson
and Sec. Treas. Maurice McElli-
gott had been reelected to these
posts by referendum vote before
the convention. A proposal to
elect officers at conventions was
defeated.
Other Actions
In other major actions, the
convention:
Urged Sunday closing of all
"non-essential" retail stores.
Called for amendments to
the state health and safety laws
to protect workers for radiation
hazards and to provide protec-
tive appliances to safeguard the
hearing of workers at airports.
Applauded the enactment of
a state Fair Employment Prac-
tees Act in the 1861 legislative
session, but urged quick action
by the legislature to include
firms with 10 or more employees.
The law now covers only en-
ployers with 100 or more work.
ers, although eventually it will
limit coverage to firms with at
least so employees.
Requested legislation and
administrative orders to give
state and municipal employees
union recognition and collective
bargaining rights.
Called on the members of
the Illinois legislature to re-
solve differences over congress
sional redistricting to prevent
the chaos that would result in
statewide competition for the
states "a congressional seats.
Voted to establish a COM
mittee ito study, discuss and
adopt means by which they can
establish an effective, racially-
integrated apprenticeship pro-
gram"
Asked for ''low-rate
graduated income tax" to avoid
the need to increase the Illinois
sales tax-now the highest in
the nation at 3.5 percent, with
an additional one-half percent
collected by municipal govern
mentS.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-11-04
From $40 A Month As A Farm Hand
To SIS, COO A Year As An Owner Is
Long Stride This Farmer Has Made

From $10-a-month farm hand
to SIS, 000-a-year owner is the
long stride James P. Solomon of
Sylvania, Ga, has made over a
23-year period, reports Angus
tus Hill, State Supervisor of
Agricultural Extension work
with Negro farmers.
And the major factors in Mr..
Solomon's success, says the Ex-
tension supervisor are careful
planning, improved farming
methods, sound use of credit,
hard work, and high goals.
Without a doubt" Mr.. Hill
continues, "these have helped
the Solomons to become one of
Georgia's most outstanding
farm families"
Once penniless sharecroppers,
who bought their first mule on
credit through the Farmers
Home Administration of the U.
S. Department of Agriculture,
the Solomons now own 377-
acre mechanical farm with a
mechanical cotton picker, a corn
picker, and nearly $4,000 worth
of other modern equipment in
GLIDING three tractors.
And in their improved pas
lures are $50 high quality hogs
and 80 head of beef cattle.
About 100 acres of corn, pea
nuts, soybeans, and watermel-
ons round out the enterprises of
this family of IL who live in an
attractive modern home.
"But things were far different
when we married in 1885," Mr..
Solomon recalls "Then / couldn't
even find farm to sharecrop.
So l moved in with my wife's
folk and took a job on a nearby
cotton plantation as a $10-a-
month day hand"
The next two years they
sharecropped, and then Farmers
Home approved their applica-
ton for a loan to buy a mule.
But bad weather cut their crop
and left them owing for the
mule. Determined to repay the
agency, Mr.. Solomon went to
Augusta, go miles away, and
worked in a pipe factory to pay
the debt.
By cotton-planting time, he
was back in Sylvania ready to
try to make another crop. I'm
pressed by his record, Farmers
Home made him a loan to buy
an additional mule, 100 baby
chicks, and a milk cow. And the
Solomons have been moving for
ward ever since, Mr.. Hill points
out.
In 1916 the family started
buying 157 acres through Farm
ers Home. Since that time, they
have added 22O acres more and
are now renting an additional
100 acres.
Cotton is the Solomons' main
crop. They get from a bale to a
bale and a half per acre by
having their soil tested and then
applying fertilizer according to
recommendation. They also have
their seed tested for germina-
ton; and they have one of the
best sprayers in the county for
killing boil weevils.
Some years they produce over
100 bales Of cotton, nearly 49,
900 bushels Of corn, and market
more than 800 hogs. Entering
the county five-acre corn con-
test a few years ago, they got q
yield of 115 bushels per acre to
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-11-04
walk off with the prize.

walk off with the prize.
This year when Secretary of
Agriculture Orville L. Freeman
asked farmers to adjust their
feed grain production to need
and put the extra acres in soil
conserving practices, the Solo
mons signed up to take rs acres
out of corn. In return, they re-
ceived certificates from USDA
to exchange for a quantity of
corn he in storage by the Com
modify Credit Corporation.
With their corn acreage re-
duced this year, Mr.. Solomon
and his oldest son, James, have
more time to harvest corn with
their mechanical picker for
neighbors. They can harvest
from 10 to IL acres a day and
earn Sc an acre.
They also harvest cotton for
neighbors with their mechanical
cotton picker. They gather about
six bales a day for a fee of $50
bale.
eve have had a lot of help all
the way" says Mr.. Solomon.
"Mr. Carr R. Carter, our Farm
ers Home county supervisor,
and Mr.. C. D. Camp, our county
agent, have helped US to plan
and operate our farm on a sound
basis" Mr.. Camp has been Sc
lected as Georgia's Negro coun-
ty agent of the year.
AS for the future, the Solo
mons plan to build a larger barn
and tool shed, and help two of
their sons to become established
in farming.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-11-04
WhatAfricans,,
Continued from Page One)

Continued from Page One)
told the assembled delegates.
"We do not wish to control or
direct it."
Africa and the United States,
he said in his prepared text,
Cannot do without each
other in today's perilous and
promising world"
"Some commentators would
apparently feel comfortable
about Africa only if the new
nations there pretended never
to have heard of the Soviet I'm
iOI ...
"But is it fair to expect Afri-
can states to forego diplomatic
relations, trade, and other con-
facts with the Communists when
even their former colonial men
tors engage in such activities ?"
he asked.
Turning to economic develop
ment, Mr.. Williams said many
African countries have not rec
ognized the Importance "of Gre
ating a favorable climate for
individual initiative and private
enterprise"
One difficulty, he said, is that
"private capital is often viewed
as being associated with colon
ialism, and in the minds of some
is hence unwelcome."
Commenting on the political
scene, Mr.. Williams observed,
while African countries want
individual dignity and self-ex-
preston, it is SOLDERING to find
quite a few among them in
which Their are relatively few
signs of the development of a
broad political democracy
CLEARLY, the United States
cannot help but believe that the
fullest participation in govern
ment, with the individual ex-
pressing freely his voice as TO
what course is to be taken, is
fundamental to just and sta
BILE political system >.
Realism requires, however,
that we take into account with
detachment the problems of es-
tablishing political democracy
where trained leaders are few,
literacy is limited, and too many
Of the citizenry are undernour-
ished."
Mr.. Williams recently return
ed from an extensive tour of
Africa - his third since taking
office.
He told the press Wednesday
he plans one more trip before
the end of November.
He limited that he agreed with
Mr.. Hammarskjold, who Il
summer proposed a team of five
such advisers, one each from the
Soviet Union and the United
States, and three from "coun-
tries outside any power blocs."
1t has been generally assum-
ed that by the latter phrase,
Mr.. Hammarskjold meant coun-
tries from Asia, Africa, and
Latin America. The late Secre-
General, a Swede, would
himself have represented West
ern Europe. The United States
now supports similar plan,
with U Thant representing Asia
though in this variation, the
West European might be from
the North Atlantic power bloc
U Thant held out hope that
great-power rivalries were a
passing phase of the world
scene. Paraphrasing an epigram
attributed to Machiavelli, he
said: mo state has permanent
friends of permanent enemies.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-11-04
GIN Indicted In
Antitrust Action

Los Angeles-A federal grand
jury here has indicted the Gen.
eral Motors Corp, four Chew
rolet sales executives and three
southern California dealers as
sociations on criminal anti
trust charges.
All are accused of having
conspired to stop Les Angeles
Chevrolet dealers from selling
cars through discount houses
and referral services. So