davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-05-05
MONROE
FORD
BOB PECK
cHEvRoLE-coRvAIR

CHEVROLET-CO
1885 Wilson Blvd, Arl., ia. 2-9004
FORD 81 convertible; automatic
transmission, r. and h.: sparkling
white finish: one owner; excellent
condition throughout; Sl,O95.
LOGAN (UPTOWN) FORD, 3540
1Ath AT n " TIL OAIOO
Evening star., 1961-02-08

Trained newsmen report the news
every evening at ZOO M, Monday
through Friday, and every nj ight at
ll:OO PM. Sunday through Friday.
With up-to-the-minute film reports
they deliver the most meaningful
and captivating news coverage in the
Nations Capital.
Evening star., 1961-05-10
Mission to Asia

AS President Kennedy has said, Vice
President JohnSon'S current journey
abroad represents an extremely i'm
portant" assignment at moment when
freedom seems to have its back to the
wall in key part of Asia. It is an
assignment whose primary purpose,
apart from fact-finding, will be to assure
friendly and allied nations over there
that they can count on American support
against dominance-seeking Communist
preSSures, including sheer terrorism and
guerrilla warfare.
In view of the steadily deteriorating
situation in Laos, such assurances may
seem to some to be Of questionable value.
But the bleak Laotian outlook Is attrib-
utable chiefly to the fact that the peo-
pie Of the country and the governments
armed forces apparently have little real
will or determination to fight back
against the Red-led rebels. A different
and far more reSolute and resistant
spirit is said to prevail, however, in
neighboring Thailand and South Wet
Nam, as well as elsewhere in non-Com-
muniSt Asia, and that is why Mr.. john
sons visit to the area can be significantly
helpful in terms Of strengthening de-
fenSeS against subverSion and guerrilla
operations directed and sustained by
Moscow and Peiping.
The Vice President, in his departure
statement, has emphasized the serious
ness Of his two-week mission with these
words: 'The United States is vitally
concerned with the peace, security and
independence Of the free peoples Of Asia.
We are disturbed by the threat of armed
aggression there" Key stopping places
on his itinerary will be the Philippines,
Formosa, Thailand, South Wet Nam,
PakiStan and India. With the exception
of "neutraliSt" India, all these countries
are allied with us against the Commu-
mist threat, and Mr. Johnson Is expected
to deliver to their leaders personal mes
SageS from President Kennedy pledging
our Nations continuing help in their
efforts to remain free.
At the moment the most threatened
Of these lands is South Wet Nam, where
an estimated $4,000 Communist guer-
rillas are carrying out a pitiless cam
paign Of terror designed to enSlave the
country to the Sino-Soviet bloc. The
Vice Presidents visit there will be aimed
at working out ways and means of pre-
venting such tragedy Free men every
where have reason to hope and pray
for his MISSIONS success lest all of
Southeast Asia, and indeed the whole
of the Far East, be gobbled up in piece
meal fashion by the Red totalitarianS.
Evening star., 1961-05-10
Emphasis on Basic Studies

Maryland's State Board of Educa-
ton, in revising teaching standards, has
put more emphasis on basic studies and
less on methods Of instruction. This
apparently is in line with commendable
trend toward teaching the fundamentals
Of English, science and mathematics,
with less experimentation under new
theories in education.
The board approved in principle a
number of changes in the States
40-year-old standards for qualifying
teachers. Under the new system,
elementary school teachers will be
required to have 80 college semester
hours Of training in academic courses
and 80 in teaching techniques. For
the first time, the academic subjects will
be specified as follows: English, IL hours;
social studies, IS; science, IL; mathe-
matics, 6; and music, art and physical
education, 2 hours each.
We applaud the move, for with
teachers better qualified to teach the
basic subjects 1t should be easier for
Johnny to read, spell and work out
scientific and mathematical problems
than has been the case too often in the
era Of progressive" methods of educa-
tiOn.
Evening star., 1961-05-10
ShoveIs for ALL?

While our interest at the moment
Is more in getting the grass cut, some
note should be taken of the post
season snow-removal legislation which
the Commissioners have recommended
to the Budget Bureau. It provides,
among other things, that District resi-
dents must clear the sidewalks in front
Of their homes within the first eight
hours Of daylight after snowstormS.
Upon failure to do so, they could be
fined up to $50, or jailed for up to five
days.
In the first place, as Corporation
Counsel Gray has warned, people simply
have not paid much attention to some
what similar laws which have been on
the books in the past-even those which
carried criminal penalties. Further, how
could such law as this ever be fairly
enforced? We doubt it could.
At the very least, If the Commits
SionerS persist down this path, they will
be forced to make number of special
provisions either by law or by regula-
ton, for those numerous cases where
people for one reason or another
simply would not be able to comply.
All In all, during the sunny days ahead,
1t might be wiser to reconsider the
whole thing.
Evening star., 1961-05-10

of issues, it seems of significance that
the second portion of General de
Gaulle'S address dealt with his concept
Of Frances future-a concept of greater
power and grandeur. With express
appeal to the nations young people,
he reviewed the current and evident
rehabilitation of France in the fields
Of science and technology, in industry
and agriculture, and in the area Of
social progress. This gigantic renova-
tion," he added, must be Frances
major concern and principal ambition"
The utterance of bold words is not
enough, alone, to make all things come
to pass. There is reason to believe,
however, that the French President is
ready and able to make his words of
today become the history of tomorrow.
Evening star., 1961-05-10
Meaning of civil Riqhts' Discussed

The May 2 edition Of The
Star carried an account Of
the explanation of the diff
ference between civil liberties
and civil rights. This ap-
peared in a very brief report
on an address given by Law
renee Spieser of the Wash
ington office of the American
Civil Liberties Union.
The Star indicated in the
The news story indicated
that civil rights is a term
used mainly to define the
constitutional rights Of Negro
citizens, whereas civil lib
critics, the article goes on to
say, is a term used to de-
fine the rights Of all citi-
zens. I believe that it is wrong
to give your vast audience
this simple and erroneous diff
ferentiation.
When our founding fathers
made us one nation, they had
fears that a strong central
government might overrun
the rights of the people. In
order to prevent this, they
drew up a list of prohibitions
which the Federal Govern
ment was forbidden to do.
They spelled out rather clear
ly that no religion was to be
established, that the people
were to enjoy freedom Of
speech, press, assembly and
religious worship. They also
spelled out that a mans life,
liberty and property were to
be protected against arbitrary
action by the Government.
The Bill Of Rights and the
first ten amendments to the
Constitution contain these
prohibitions which secure
freedom of expression and
the protection of personal
liberty.
At the outset these prohi-
bitions were directed only
against the Federal Govern
ment. AS the States in the
Union developed their own
Evening star., 1961-05-10
'UntimeIy Death

The D. c. Society OF Pro-
fesSional Engineers, which
represents most Of the regis
tered professional engineers
in the Washington Metro
politan Area, would like to
commend The Star for its
editorial of May 2, 1861, en-
titled "Untimely Death" re-
garding the Motor Vehicle
Parking Agency.
This agency should serve a
very important need in the
District Of Columbia COM
munity. Plans are underway,
and construction has begun,
on the inner loop system Of
highways. Feeder routes are
planned to the center of the
city. The Motor Vehicle Park
ing Agency was set up to pro-
vide public parking, which is
badly needed now and will
become more urgent when
these super expressways dump
their thousands of cars, daily,
into the center Of the city.
Integrated planning is
needed between the National
Capital Downtown Planning
Committee, the National Cap
ital Transportation Agency,
the various Urban Renewal
Agencies and the Motor We
hicle Parking Agency. Prog
resS has been slow because
planned integration has been
lacking in the past. The Mo-
tor Vehicle Parking Agency,
in the past, has been partly
controlled by persons inter-
ested in private parking lots
and by those who are opposed
to public parking. Three of
these appointments expire
November. 1861, and it is to
be hoped that civic-minded
registered professional engi-
neers, architects, and civilians
interested in downtown park
ing will be appointed in their
stead.
Several months ago, before
the rider had been attached
to the D. c. Sales Tax Bill,
the D. c. Society wrote the
Commissioners stating that
it was their opinion that the
Motor Vehicle Parking Agen-
cy. as constituted today,
would accomplish very little
due to a clash Of PHILOSOPHERS
between members Of the
agency and the legal aims of
the agency.
This clash Of PHILOSOPHERS
has slowed the Motor Vehicle
Parking Agency from putting
into action its plans for pub
lie parking.
If money. now set aside
solely for use in providing
public parking. is urgently
needed for other uses such as
Evening star., 1961-05-10

In Irving LowenS' column
of The Sunday Star, April
%, he commented on my let
ter to Congressman Carroll D.
KearnS which appeared in the
Congressional Record of April
18th.
Notwithstanding my great
respect for Mr.. Lowens as a
music critic, I must object to
his dismissal of my letter as
ian abject lesson in the
gentle art Of making noun
tains out Of molehillS." Mr..
Lowens quotes the Inaugural
Concert at which American
music was featured as a de-
fense for President Ken
nedy's failure to mention one
musical composition by an
American composer among
lllS 1dNOl lCCos
Mr.. Lowens has completely
missed the significance of my
complaint. The problems con-
fronting the American COM
poser of serious music are
worthy Of consideration by
everyone who is in any way
interested in American cul-
ture. Mr.. Lowens, 1 am GER
tain, knows how difficult 1t
is for the American composer
to get a hearing Of his music
in Europe. President Ken
nedy's omission of American
music in the list Of his IA
vorites takes on Importance
because his statement was
published in a German
music magazine. This omis-
sion could very easily con-
firm for Europeans the opin-
ion already prevalent that
American culture is so slight
that it does not merit official
recognition.
Since Mr.. Lowens referred
to the Inauguration, may I
remind him that at the
same inaugural ceremonies
we were cautioned against
complacency. Mountai inS,
when viewed from a lofty al
titude or attitude, may look
like molehills. Mr.. Lowens, I
am afraid. has given us, to
paraphrase his words, an abb
ject lesson in the gentle art
of complacency.
Arthur A. Hauser.
Evening star., 1961-05-10
Sarah Wesley,

efforts to reduce the prob
lem faced by American Ne
groes who, because Of the
color of their skin or because
of their racial origin, have
been reduced to second-clasS
citizens.
1t is wrong to say that
civil rights is a term used
mainly in defining the con-
Stitutional rights Of Negro
citizens" Civil rights is a
proposition affecting each
and every one of our citizens
as they seek equal opportun-
ity in employment, education.
housing and public accom-
modations. In many States
and municipalities there has
been legislation against dis
elimination in the above
m entioned areas in q
frontal assault on diScrimin-
atory practices in American
life. These discriminatory
practices are exacted upon
individuals by the people.
not by the Government. The
efforts of the Government to
protect its people against
tyranny and assault by other
individuals are what we re-
gard as civil rights.
The rights Of all Ameri-
cans to equality Of oppor-
tunity regardless Of their
race, color or national origin
have been growing to reality.
Racial and religious discrim-
ination is a matter of deep
concern to the American
people. Our State, Federal
and municipal governments
must continue to work to as
sure these rights for all
American citizens.
I hope the above will help
to define, a little better, the
difference between civil rights
and civil liberties.
David A. Sawyer.
Executive Director,
Commissioners Council
on Human Relations.
Evening star., 1961-05-10

They remain about the
most primitive people Of the
New World. Living on the
fringe of Western civiliza-
ton, however. they now are
in danger Of being over
whelmed and losing their
isolation. The foundation
program is intended to gain
first-hand knowledge of the
groups and their inter-
actions with modern society
before the situation irrevoc-
ably changes.
A worldwide network of
II ground stations soon will
be set up to monitor the
progress Of the man-in-
space capsule which the Ma
tional Aeronautics and Space
Administration hopes to
place in orbit around the
world later this year.
The stations will record
continuously and automat-
1cally about 100 kinds of
information providing such
data as speed, angle Of the
capsule, inside temperature
and heart beat and pulse
rate of the aStronaut. All
the data will be transmitted
aut ON tic ally to the
Goddard Space Flight Cen
ter near Washington for
processing in electronic COM
puters.
Model Tracking Station
Present model for such a
station is that maintained
by the Army's White Sands,
N. M, missile range which
has had years of experience
and will be included in the
network. In addition to its
radar and other facilities
the White Sands organiza-
ton will operate a tracking
station near Corpus Christi,
Tex, maintained chiefly by
its own personnel.
The tracking data pro-
vided at White Sands, ac-
cording to George w. Fariss,
chief engineer at the Center,
may well be a key factor
in accomplishing the objec-
tive of recovery of the cap
Sule and the astronaut. Per-
Sonnel trained at the missile
range now are being trans
ferred to key points around
the country. Notable among
the White Sands installa-
tions is the "integrated
range mission" which pro-
videS recording and recovery
service for Army, Navy and
Air Force missiles over 1000
square miles of range in the
Western and Southern
United States.
Evening star., 1961-05-10
Formula for France

Frances President de Gaulle, show
ing no evidence that either his authority
or his strong will has been shaken by
events Of recent weeks, has delivered
an unusual two-part state-of-the-
nation address to the French Com
munity, at home and overseas.
Only as preface did the soldier
statesman refer in scornful words to
the stupidity" of the suppressed revolt
by the generals clique in Algeria and
the fact that their punishment now
rests "in the hands of the law" From
that beginning, main portion of his
address was firm and detailed restate-
ment Of his determination that the
algerian affair" will be settled along
lines that he already has chosen, that
the French Parliament has accepted
and that the French people have
approved by referendum.
In brief, if the Algerian govern
ment-in-exile is willing, the first step
in implementing this formula will be
a re-schedulir-1, within the next fort
night, Of the proposed negotiations at
Evian. Purpose of these talks will be
to arrange an Algerian vote on self
determination, in which the French
President frankly hopes the choice will
be self-government in close economic
and political association with France
itself. On behalf of this choice, General
de Gaulle appealed in this instance to
the AlgerianS of French descent to give
up the "outworn myths and absurd
agitations," Symbolized by their rallying
cry Of algeria is French" and largely
responsible for the nearly seven years
OF warfare that has been costly in lives
in money. But If Algeria should choose
complete dissociation from France, he
warned, it may go its way-neither
aided nor protected by France. And If
the rebels, on their part, are unwilling
to agree on terms of a vote, he will
attempt through other channels to set
up responsible Algerian government
In all Of this, the words and tone
Of the De Gaulle address were explicit
in reflecting an unwillingneSs to tolerate
a continuance. of past obstruction and
interference. His proposed solution is
an algerian Algeria" preferably one
linked to France but achieved in any
case through negotiation and a free
majority choice. In thus spelling out
his intent on this most controversial
Evening star., 1961-05-10
Guerrilla Warfare

Let's stop. look, and listen
before jumping to the con-
clusion that paramilitary
operations, as outlined by
Richard Fryklund in your
May 7 issue, are a cold war
cure-all.
Guerrilla and other para
military operations can be
very effective when they are
moving with a tide of popular
discomfort against an un-
popular government. Used to
maintain such a government
in power, they are as futile
as trying to make water run
uphill.
Mr.. Fryklund several times
cites French tactics in
Algeria, and the French Army
there has made much more
use Of both clean" and
dirty" paramilitary tech
niques than any other
Western nation. Yet all this
has proved an utter and
costly failure. because the
effort to keep Algeria French
ran dead against the feelings
Of the great majority Of the
people.
What South Wet Nam
needs is not more para
military capacity but a
government with more real
popular support. Given such
a government, as was shown
in the Philippines and
Malaga. guerrilla warriors
can be contained. Without
it, the prospects for success
are dim.
noviH n VILLA me
Evening star., 1961-05-10

emergency highway repairs,
I believe it could be lent to
the District Of Columbia Gov
ernment, at no interest rate,
until such time as the Motor
Vehicle Parking Agency ac-
tually needs this money for
its expenses in providing
public parking. This is the
time of the greatest need
for public parking. Don't
abolish or handicap the
agency at this time. We
agree with The Star. Do not
allow the rider to the D. C..
Sales Tax Bill to pass Con-
gress.
Frank WOIfShe m r,
Pc. C.E., Civic Committee,
D. c. Society Of Profess
Sional Engineers.
Evening star., 1961-05-10
Missile Base Strikes

1t Is unconScionable that jurisdic-
uonal strikes, generally of the wildcat
variety, should be tolerated in the con-
Struction Of bases for our interconti-
mental balliStic missiles. For this is a
matter which bears directly upon the
national security. The fact is, however,
that many thousands of days have been
lost to these strikes, not to mention the
needless millions of dollars which have
been added to the taxpayers bill.
This is something which should be
kept in perspective. It probably is true
that construction difficulties changes
IN base design required by missile modi-
dcations-have been responsible for
more lost time than strikes. But these
are difficulties which it may not be pos
S1ble to avoid If the missile program and
the base program are to be completed as
quickly as possible. Certainly they are
not in the same category as strikes and
SlowdownS over the issue Of which union
is to do what work. 1t probably also
Is true that some contractors, knowing
that the extra cost can be passed on to
the taxpayers, have yielded too readily
TO unWarranted union demands. But the
temptation to avoid a strike, even by
resort to what amounts to bribery, is
strong.
These jurisdictional fights have
erupted mainly between locals Of the
Building Trades Department Of the AFL-
C1O and the federation'S Industrial
Union Department. The responsible
union leaders have tried to stop them,
but have failed. Consequently, inter-
vention at the governmental level has
become necessary, and the indications
are that the President, Defense Secre-
tary Mcnamara and Labor Secretary
Goldberg intend to move in. We hope
that their efforts will be successful, but
the history Of executive action In prob
lens Of this kind hardly gives rise to
optimism. If the danger which our
country faces is as great as the Presl-
dent says, there is much merit, we think,
to Senator McClellan'S proposal that
Congress should act to outlaw strikes,
especially 1urisdictional strikes, on de-
fense projects.
Evening star., 1961-05-10
THE WORLD
Rusk's Outlook Called Too Dark
BY CROSBY S. NOYEs
Foreign Correspondent Of The Ste

seemed like a gentle chiding
of his American colleague
the Foreign Minister noted
that the difficulties of the
West always seemed to hit
headlines while the successes
came across, if at all, in small
type. The enemy's strength
he thought, could well be
exaggerated. While not mini
mizing the Communist threat
in many areas of the world,
Lord Home thought that the
West held good cards which.
if played we'll, might still win
the game.
A Corrective Effort
This concerted message
from the senior NATO part
ners was not without some
effect. On the second day Of
the conference there was an
obvious effort by the Amer
ican delegation to correct the
impression of excessive pes
simism spread at the begin
ming. Mr.. RuSk, himself, at
yesterdays session, went so
far as to allow that in the
light of the record of West
ern solidarity and the weak
nesSes and vulnerability Of
the Communist bloc, there
was reason for confidence
and hope.
The impression remains,
however, that Mr.. Rusk came
to Oslo with a message Of
his own which he failed to
deliver. His purpose at this
meeting was clearly to awak-
en- his colleagues in NATO to
a new sense Of urgency. BY
pointing out the many dan
gers that confront the West
throughout the world, he
hoped to revive some of the
spirit which brought NATO
into being 10 years ago when
the danger to Western Eu-
rope itself was clear to every
one.
This result, so far as any,
one can see, has not been
achieved. What was intended
as a call to action has
sounded to too many listen
ers like a cry of despair. In
stead of inspiring alliance,
Mr.. Rusk managed at times
to convey the impression Of
something close to despond-
ency and a curious lack Of
confidence in the ability of
the free world to cope with
challenges mounted by the
Communist camp.
The reaction of our major
Allies here has been to imply
that it is time to get up off
the floor. Their feeling is
that the threatening period
ahead calls for the coolest
and steadiest leadership the
West can supply. And per-
haps also a larger measure
OF self-assurance than has
been shown so far,
Evening star., 1961-05-10

constitutions, similar prohi-
bitionS protecting the liberty
Of people against arbitrary
action by State governments
were adopted.
These simply define civil
liberties as those rights de-
rived from the Constitution
which can be asserted by the
people against both State and
Federal Government. 1t
wasn't very long ago in our
history that we discovered
that it was one thing to pro-
tect the people against the
Government, while it was
quite another thing to protect
the people against themselves.
In the past eighty-odd years,
this problem of protecting
the people against themselves
sometimes termed the prob
lem of the tyranny of the
majority - has been dealt
with in an increasingly eff
fective and successful way. =.
by means of a combination of
amendments to the Consti-
tuition and through State and
Federal legislation. The
rights thus created, designed
to protect the equal standing
of the individual before his
government, but primarily to
protect the freedom Of the in
dividual against the in
fringementS Of other persons,
are known as our civil
rights" There are pages of
history which tell of un-
punishe d burningS of
churches, slander and libel
against members of minority
religious groups and incite-
ment to violence against
them.
The efforts for civil rights,
in recent years, have been
regarded by many as almost
an exclusively color concern.
This has, perhaps, come
about because Of the glaring
problem we have had to face
UP to in this country in our