davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Nome nugget., 1961-10-09
Costs of 1860 Presidential Campaigns Estimated At $1OO Million

WASHINGTON LR = The costs of the 1860 Presidential cam paigns have been estimated at $100 million. The question arises whether the federal government should chip in on the bill for choosing it's Chief Executive.
 President Kennedy appointed nine-member commission Wednes- day to study that, along with other ideas about cutting the costs of campaigns.
 Kennedy, who was in the midst of campaign himself just a year ago, noted in statement that funds for national campaigns tra- ditionally had been supplied wholly by private contributions, mainly large sums from rela- lively small number of contribu- tors.
 Ut is not healthy for the Demo- cratic process--or for ethical standards in our governmental keep our national candidates in this condition of dependence, Kennedy said.
 eI have long thought that we must either provide q federal share in campaign costs or re- duce the cost of campaign serv- ices, or both,s he said
 The special study commission, headed by Alexander Heard, Dean Of the graduate school at the Uni versity of North Carolina, was instructed to file it's recommenda- tions next spring.
 Kennedy indicated he hoped to put some proposals before the Congress next year.
The Nome nugget., 1961-10-09
Pvt. Oksoktaruk Takes Part in Checkmate

FIR A NIX F URT, Germa y tAHTNC) Army Pvt. Robert c. Oksoktoruk, son of MT. and Mrs. James Oksoktaruk, Nome, recently participated with other personnel from the 92nd Trans portation Co. in Checkmate, a NATO tactical training exercise conducted in Germany.
 NATO troops from Great Bri- tain, France, Germany and Bel gium were involved in the ever else, which was designed to test joint combat operation proceed ures.
 Oksoktaruk, a wireman in the company in Frankfurt, entered the Army in March 1861 and com pleted basic training at Fort Ord, Calf.
 The l8-year- old soldier attend ed Nome High School.
 Superase Bond Typing Paper
 For Sale If fhe Nsss,no&
The Nome nugget., 1961-10-09
U.S.-Soviefs Still Far Apart on
 Berlin Crisis


 WASHINGTON R Despite two-hour conference between President Kennedy and Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromy- ko, the United States and the So viet Union were reported still far apart on ways of negotiating a peaceful settlement of the Berlin crisis.
 Kennedy and the Soviet For eign Minister discussed the situ- ation in the oval room of the White House late Friday and wound up their talks shortly after 2 o'clock without issuing any kind of formal statement.
 AS he climbed into his limou- sine to return to the Soviet Elm bassy, Gromyko told newsmen the conversation had been "use- ful". Secretary of State Dean Rusk, who sat in on the discus sion, merely called it interest ing"
 Kennedy was understood to have told Gromyko in calm but very emphatic terms that the United States and it's Western all lies are fully determined to de- fend West Berlin against Com munist pressures, to preserve their right to maintain troops in the city, and to keep open the supply lines from West Germany.
 At one point, referring to Rus sia's Berlin demands, Kennedy said the Soviet Union, is trying to trade the United States "an ap- pie for an orchard" He told Gromyko there would be no deal like that
 Well-informed officials said the Kennedy Gronyko talk was dominated by Berlin but Ken nedy did warn of the dangers ot conflict in Southeast Asia. The warning is understood to have covered both Laos and South Vic Nam.
 It appears that the conference at the White House covered mucI of the same ground that had beer covered by Gromyko and Rusk ir series of three meetings in New York in the previous two weeks
 It was understood, moreover that ..hsaat Gromyko still had not tole US. leaders what Soviet Premier Khrushchev means exactly wher he talks of guaranteeing Western access to West Berlin after he signs a peace treaty with Com. ::s,nist East Germany. Khrush. chev has said that the peace treaty will establish East German sovereignty over the supply line. from West Germany and tha' thereafter the Western power: must negotiate with the East Ger, man regime for use of the supply line.
 The White House discussion ended the first phase of U.S.-So viet efforts to lay a basis fol future, formal negotiations on Berlin settlement. So far as tlli! phase is concerned, if obviousl, ended in failure .s .o arrive at ar agreement. H wever, official. said. it was too early to speal of failure in any broad sense since more ''exploratory talks" are ex- y,or~fax7
The Nome nugget., 1961-10-09
ANA PLEDGES TOTAL WAR ON MEDICAL QUACKERY
 WASHINGTON tR I'll

American Medical Assn. and key government officials joined today in pledging total war on medical quackery,
 The goal. To force medical quacks out of billion-dollar-a year business. The battle will be waged on legal, scientific and educational fronts.
 Tiiie pledge was made at the first National Congress cn Medi- cal Quackery, jointly sponsored by the ALMA and the Food and Drug Administration.
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1961-08-10
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Evening star., 1961-12-05

Corp, Cincinnati Gas a. Elec-
trio Co.. Cleveland Electric Illu-
mirsting Co.. Columbus &
Southern Electric Co., Concord
r! eric Co. Connecticut Light
g. Power Co.
Also, Dayton Power g. Light
Co. Blackstone Valley Gas &;
Electric Co.. Brcckton Edison
Co., Fall River Electric Light
Co.. Montaup Electric Co..
Exeter & Hampton Electric Co.,
Fitchburg Gas & Electric Co.,
Jersey Central Power ~ Light
Co.. Metropolitan Edison Co.,
New Jersey Power g. Light Co.,
Pennsylvania Electric Co..
Hartford Electric Light Co.;
Also, Holyoke Water Power
Co., indianapolis Power &
Light Co., Long Island Light
ing Co.. Granite State Electric
, Co.. Lynn Electric Co., Mystic
Power Co.. Narragansett Elec-
trio Co., New England Power
Co., Suburban Electric Co.,
Pennsylvania Power g. Light
Evening star., 1961-12-05

Co., Public Service Co. Of New
Hampshire. Kittery Electric
Light Co., New Hampshire
Electric Co., Toledo Edison Co.,
Union Light, Heat d Power
Co.; United Illuminating Co.,
Vermont Electric Power Co.,
Virginia Electric & Power Co.,
Western Massachusetts Elec-
trio Co., Massachusetts, Elec-
trio Co.. and Merrimack- Essex
Electric Co.
Evening star., 1961-12-05
Singing Contest Set

BRUSSELS. Dec. S (AP). -
Brussels will play host next
May to an International singing
contest open to singers aged 20
to 35. The contest, offering
$4,000 in prizes, is organized by
the Belgian Friends of Mozart
Association.
Evening star., 1961-12-05

say. will be specified after
further investigation. Esti-
mates of the claims have
ranged from $100 million to
billions of dollars.
Chief defendants in the suits
filed yesterday are the General
Electric Co. and the Westing-
house Electric Corp, each
named in II suits, and the
Allis-C Chalmers Manufacturing
Co., named in nine.
Both GE and Westinghouse
declared they believed their
customers had received fair
value for the prices paid.
Allis-Chalmers withheld COM
ment.
Defendants Were Fined
All the defendants were
among the 20 manufacturers
which, along with IS of their
top executives, were fined a
total Of $l.9 million in Phila-
delphia Federal Court last Feb
urary. In addition. seven jail
terms and Is suspended SEN
tences were imposed.
GE and Westinghouse and
their executives sustained al
most half of the fines imposed
at that time.
The plaintiff companies cover
Northeastern States west to
Indiana and south to Virginia
and represent about l8 per
cent of the Nations privately
owned utilities.
They seek damages for over
charging which they say re-
suited from the conSpiracies.
Products involved steam tur-
bine generators. power trans
formers and outdoor circuit
breakers. Such civil suits must
be filed within a year OF the
criminal conviction.
At the time Of the Govern
ment antitrust action, 10 Of
the firms pleaded guilty and 10
pleaded no contest.
Statement by GE
In answer to the latest
charge. General Electric is
sued the following statement:
"GE believes that in general
our customers were given fair
value for the prices paid during
the period in question how
ever, in those instances where
actual damage can be estab-
lished, GE is anxious to settle
tIiCoC SoSCS 40 ~ OA11PLLS dS POo-
sible in a mutually satisfactory
manner"
e The GE statement added that
the investor-owned u tilitie e S
have a clear responsibility to
take whatever steps they feel
are necessary to further the in
terests Of their stockholders
and customers"
At the same time, GE went
on, it would fight a vigorous
court battle Ito defend the in
terests Of its shareowners."
The suits filed here went
beyond the Federal indict-
ments. They contended that
conspiracies to fix prices and
split up customers started as
early as l948 and continued
Evening star., 1961-12-05

up to varying times last year.
The Federal charges had
dated the alleged conspiracies
in one case from 1851 and in
the others from 1855, 1856,
1857 and 1858.
COncealment Charged
The civil suits included a
charge of fraudulent conceal
ment, under which lawyers
contend damage claims can be
filed back to any date instead
Of a four-year statute of linn
itation that would otherwise
be in effect.
The belief in legal circles
Evening star., 1961-12-05

here was that some formula
would have TO be worked out
for settling the cases so as TO
avoid drawn-out proceedings
to show alleged overcharges in
thousands of sales.
Named as defendants with
General Electric. Westinghouse
and Allis-Chalmers:
Hubbard g. Co.. Joslyn Manu-
featuring 81 Supply Co., Nc
Graw- Edison Co., Ohio Brass
Co., H. K. Porter Co.. Sangamo
Electric Co.. Moloney Electric
Co.. Wagner Electric Corp,
Federal Pacific Co.. LITE Cir
cult Breaker Co., Foster
Wheeler Corp, Ingersoll-Rand
Co., C. H. Wheeler Manufac-
turing Co., Worthington Corp,
Kuhlman Electric Co., A. B.
Chance Co.. Lapp Insulator Co.
and the Porcelain Insulator
Corp.
Plaintiffs Listed
The plaintiffs:
Atlantic City Electric Co.,
Baltimore Gas & Electric Co..
Boston Edison Co., Central
Hudson Gas g. Electric Corp,
Central Maine Power Co., Gen.
tral Vermont Public Service
Evening star., 1961-12-05
Abilities Hit 'Fixinq,'
File MuIti-MiIIion Suits

NEW YORK. Dec. (AP)-Forty-four electric utility
panies-taking their from the Federal Governments anti
action last February-have filed dozen damage suits
against electrical manufacturers
The utilities charge priceriggng the manufacturers
triple The sought the
Evening star., 1961-12-05
DODGE DART 40 2-DooR liAsDTs,R

You can own a new 1862 Dodge for as
much as $71 less than last years COM
parable model. Now, a full-size Dodge
actually costs less than a comparable
model Ford or Chevy. (ee box at right)
And that's not ALL The '62 Dodge Dart
will accelerate seven percent faster
than last years comparable model, and
do it on five percent less gas.
DISTRICT OF coLUMBIA-WASHINGToN MAR
FRANCIS & PARSONS INC, 2loo Nichols Ave. Sc BETH
KAPLAN e CRAWFORD 43ol Connecticut Ave. NV. HYA1
SENATE MOTORS INC, 629 H Street NE IA n
1oppEv no7op couoAhv ,l,7 ,or e.>,u RocE
'' ~''~N' ''''''
Evening star., 1961-12-05
Advertisement

WHY IKE AND
CHURCHILL
DISAGREED
TO understand Berlin, says
Eisenhower, We must under
stand its background. In this
week's Post, he traces the prob.
lem back to World Var II. He
says why he and Churchill
couldn't see eye to eye on the
capture Of Berlin. And why We
let the Reds take the capital.
PSST E ;i':j1is 81
Evening star., 1961-12-05

VIRGINIA.
ALExANDRA-MT VERNON MOTORS INC 1e3o-58 Dooono Rood
ARLINGTON SALES SERVICE, INC 1900 Street.
FALLS cHURcH-FALLs CHURCH MOTORS 554 Washington
MANASAS-McMIcHAELs SERVICE CENTER, INC.
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES MOTORS
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. MOTOR SALES Alexandria Pike
ouANTlco- -QUANTco DODGE SALES SERVICE 5h Broadway
Evening star., 1961-12-05

MARYLAND
BETHEsDA-DVvER MOTOR COMPANY 773o Old Georgetown
MISUNDERSTANDING SONS MOTORS lNC $500 Baltimore Ave.
LA PLATA-MITCHELL MOTOR COMPANY, Charles Street
RocKVLLE-REED BROTHERS, INCORPORATED Montgomery
SILVER sPRhe-sUBURBAN MOTORS INC, e5 Pershno Drive
WALDoRF-MoRELAND MOTOR COMPANY, INC
Evening star., 1961-07-02
Rebuild Freedmen's S

Senator Humphrey of Minnesota is
the latest OF a number of prominent
officials to tour Freedmen's Hospital,
and to be appalled, by the "disgraceful"
and Outrageous" conditions which exist
there. His interest is gratifying, and
we wholeheartedly second the urgency
OF his demand that new hospital be
built to replace the old.
The important consideration now
Is that this interest be translated into
action, that Senator Humphrey use his
full influence to see that bill is intro
duced and that hearings are held in the
Senate to authorize the new Federal
construction. Such legislation already
has cleared a House Education sub
committee, and repeatedly is scheduled
for early consideration by the full
committee. In the Senate, however, the
matter has languished since hearings
were held three years ago.
We support the provisions of the
House bill, which also include the trans
fer Of the new hospital to Howard
University. This position likewise is
backed by Secretary of Health, Educa-
ton and Welfare Ribicoff. Nothing
could be more natural than to develop
an even closer affiliation between these
institutions than has existed in the
past; the university would gain much
through the acquisition of decent teach
ing facilities, and of course the hospital
also would benefit. There are those who
feel that this affiliation would not be
impaired, and indeed that advantages
would accrue, If the HEW retained
control Of the hospital. Presumably
these views will be given consideration
in the Senate, as they were by the
House subcommittee.
AS Senator Humphrey emphasized,
however, such differences must not be
be permitted to enSnarl the Federal
legislation, as they have in the past.
In his words: "We need hospital, and
we need it now."
Evening star., 1961-07-02
Jobs-Todoy and Later

An improving Job outlook for the
present and near future, together with
broader Government sponsored safe
guards against unemployment and its
long-term hardshipS, are combined in
the administrations current views and
activities on the economic front.
o.. The more cheering prospects for
1861, which have been shaping up slowly
but consistently for the past several
months, received their latest boost from
a marked improvement in three en-
ployment indicators reported by the La
Dor Department for the period between
mid-April and mid-May. The depart
ment attributed particular signifi-
canoe" to the addition of 10000 workers
to full-time payrolls in the durable
goods industries, mostly in steel and
automobiles, in that period. In addition,
the average factory work week showed
its fourth consecutive monthly increase
and average weekly overtime hours,
always clue to the pace of manufac-
turing activity, likewise picked up.
Even gains of this nature, however,
were making little headway against an
unemployment rate of SO per cent
(about 4,750,000) that has been nearly
constant since the first of the year. In
its estimation that this rate may remain
high for long time, the administration
is pushing particularly for legislative
action Of two kinds. One, already the
subject of hearings on the House side,
Is program for re-training and re-
locating workers who have been dis
placed by automation or through the
obsolescence Of their skills. President
Meany of the AFL-CIO has testified in
support of this plan, while also urging
expansion of its scope. The other,
recommended to Congress only a few
days ago by President Kennedy, pro-
poses a major overhauling of the
Federal-State unemployment compen-
Sation systemic cover more workers
and for longer periods of jobleSSness.
Financing would be provided by in
creaSing the wage base for employer
payroll taxes from $4,000 to $4,000, and
making currently temporary" rate
permanent.
It is certain that both of these
programs will have slow going and
much critical scrutiny in both branches
Of Congress. The idea of attaching
more costly and more far-reaching
appendages to the social security system,
as in the case of the unemployment
compensation proposal, is threatening
to get completely out of hand. Never
theleSS, there seems to be wide agree
ment that the current phase of the
Evening star., 1961-07-02
Puzzled

I firmly agree with At
torney General Kennedy that
law enforcement is going to
be as good as the people
want it. And it's hard to
believe that the people of
the District of Columbia are
satisfied with the current
crime situation. I am not.
While I am more than will
ing to pay my share of the
cost of first class law en-
forcement (my taxes are al
ways paid promptly, how
does a District resident go
about demanding an effect
i've police force, relentless
prosecution, and stern pun
ishment"? Just how do we
make our demands known?
Do we write letters to the
Attorney General, the police
chief, Congressman, commits
Sioners, judges, Supreme
Court justices, or whom?
Where do we start
Curious
Evening star., 1961-07-02
so Years AGO

Thanks to Senator Smoot
OF Utah, the United States
Senate was undergoing a
cooling-off process in the
midst of a heat wave so
years ago. The Star of July
10, 1911, long before the air.
conditioning era, reported
the Senate was celebrating
in relative comfort, due to
the installation of four CELL
ing-type electric fans. Sena-
tor Bourne of Oregon, whose
seat was directly under one
of the fans, said they made
the Senate "look like a beer
garden and I don't believe
they are good for long.
Senator Smoot, who is re-
sponsible for the innovation,
discarded his hand fan and
looked as comfortable as if
in his own shaded front
yard in his mountain home
Qt prOvO
Evening star., 1961-07-02
Ars Grotio

Between now and July 6 the Art
Commission of the City of New York
will have before it a weighty question.
The question has to do with the "orna-
mental and architectural masonry"
that has long distinguished, and lent
beauty to, the plaZaS of the Manhattan
Bridge. Robert Moses, who has other
wise done lot of good things in terms
of developing beaches, parklands and
highways in that megalopolitan mon
Strosity up there, has asked permission
to demolish-with sledge hammers and
the like-the bridges finest monumental
works. And why? The answer is grue-
somely simple: Some new expressways
must be built to make it easier for
dull-minded people with automobiles to
drive faster, create additional traffic
snarlS and kill each other off in even
greater numbers than usual.
We hope the New York Art Com
mission has sense enough to veto Mr..
Moses outrageous proposal. The works
of art he would destroy, so literally and
so crudely, include handsome colonnadeS
and two splendid Statues-symboliz
Brooklyn and Manhattan (as they both
used to be, alas! !)-created by Daniel
Chester French, the great sculptor re-
sponSible for our own Lincoln Memorial
These creations Mr.. Moses would now
have beaten into smithereens to make
way for omobiles-inSolent chariotS
ranging in size and glamor from block
long limousines to noisy little sports
cars-that might otherwise have to
travel bit more slowly across Man
haitian Bridge. Mr.. Moses, what has
happened to your perspective? Mayor
Wagner, stand fast-avert this crime
against beauty!
And why, incidentally, are all of
New York's newspapers so silent on this
issue? Have they no sense of the fitness
of things, or the beauty of them?
Evening star., 1961-07-02
That's Progress?

Your June Is article, Some
Autoists Save on Committing
Time" is a pretty sad COM
mentary on our So-called
machine age. The table ac-
companying this article tells
part of the story, but not as
forcefully as it might.
The average American
automobile has for years
been able to cruise economi-
cally at speeds of 10 m.p.h.
or higher. The constant drive
for more and more power in
our auto engines seems to in
dicate that the average buyer
thinks he's able to go faster
and faster as our modern age
advances
The fastest average speed
for 1861 in your table was
32.5 m.p.h., and that was
possible only because Of the
existence of the George
Washington Memorial Park
way. In 1857 the highest
average for the same route
was 29.8 m.p.h., an in
crease of 2.17 m.p.h. in four
years.
But If you put aside that
new high-speed road, the
highest average speed for
1861 was 31.9 m.p.h. for the
inbound trip from Potomac,
Md. But a considerable num-
ber of the trips you listed for
this modern age of 1861 bare
ly passed 20 m.p.h. Norbeck
outbound was 20.4, Fairfax
outbound was 20.6, Piscata-
way outbound and inbound
was 21.8, and so on.
AS to the averages for all
the routes and times at the
bottom of your table, the
picture is pretty grim. In 1857
the speeds averaged 26.4 in
bound and 24.5 outbound. In
1861, the averages were 26.2
inbound and 24.8 outbound.
Washingtonians would be
well advised to remember this
the next time they feel the
urge to buy more horsepower.
Max Karant.
Vice President, Aircraft
Owners and Pilots Assn.
Evening star., 1961-07-02
rs Years AGO

Britain's young bachelor
King - Edward III - was
making romantic headlines
rs years ago. The Star of
July 5, 1886, reported from
London that "two young Eu-
ropean princesses, both tai
ented and beautiful and rel
atives of Edward, have been
mentioned directly by the
British press as favorites to
wed the monarch. Insurance
odds against the Kings mar
riage before his coronation
MAY, 1880 have dropped
from 10 to l to 5 to /.
The princesses are FEEDER
ica-Louise, granddaughter of
former Kaiser Wilhelm, and
AleXandrine Louise, daugh-
ter Of Prince Harald of Den
mark. The King, recov-
cred from the shock Of his
fathers death, is once more
entertaining at small infor-
NAL dinner parties. A recent
dinner at st. James Pal
ace saw him playing host to
=. Mr.. and Mrs. Earnest T.
SinnSoO
Evening star., 1961-07-02
Judges Young Critics

You recently printed a
letter from a group of
youngsters representing the
blems of Democracy Club,
protesting the decision Of
Judge Noyes on juvenile
driving restrictions. I was
amazed at the calm effront-
cry with which adolescents
criticize the work of a dis
tinguiShed man Of the law.
The breezy tone of dissent
in the letter springs from
the deep devotion to the
myth of democracy with
which these children are i'm
bued. At the risk of being
charged with gross over
simplification, I will say that
most of our troubles with
Juvenile delinquency and
crime in general are a result
Of the pseudo egalitarian
school Of thought which has
preached that there is no
higher authority than one
self. The intellectual agnos-
tics think it is clever to say
there is no divine spirit; the
progressive educators say
that the teacher is not an
authority but merely the
senior member Of a team,
and a group of teen-agers
dares to criticize a judge!
I recently had the pleasure
of meeting Judge Noyes and
he is a man of dignity and
brilliance with many years
of experience in the law. 1t
Is the express duty of a Judge
of the juvenile court to make
such decisions for people who
are not old enough or ex-
perienced enough to make
them for themselves. Our
hatred for authority, espe-
cially in our young people,
appalls me. 1t reminds one of
Nietzsche's statement that
democracy Is a disbelief in
great men.
Regarding the immediate
problem of teen-age drivers:
I believe the minimum age
for licenses should be raised
to 10. There is no really good
reason why a child has to
zoom around town before
that. When a 16-year-old
says he needs a car for his
love life, I think that love
life should be carefully and
Immediately investigated.
Florence King.