davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-08-02
WATCHING THE WORLD
West Holds Good Cards in Berlin
By CROSBY S. NOYE
Foreign Correspondent Of The Stor

weakness of the local op-
position in Germany. From the
beginning the Russians have
made it clear that in any new
move against Berlin they
would let their East German
friends carry the ball. The
Russians would be on hand,
Of course, to keep things un-
der control and back up the
East Germans militarily if
they got into trouble. But
the opening moves, at least,
would be in the tradition of
the aggression by proxy"
which Mr.. KhruShchev has
developed to a fine art in
many parts of the world.
Ulbricht's Problems
The fact is, however, that
the East German govern
ment under the deteSted lead
ership of Walter Ulbricht is
in no condition to play a
major part in any sustained
struggle between East and
West. For all its tough talk,
the evidence available here
suggests that the Pankow
regime is in the most serious
economic and political diff
Guilty since the uprising of
1858.
Economic troubles which
include the crises in both
industry and agriculture -
would certainly be greatly
increased by a struggle over
Berlin. One of the most pre-
dictable first results of q
squeeze on this city by the
Pankow government is retail
alton by the West in the
form of a trade embargo
against East Germany which,
it is hoped, would include
most of the nations Of West
ern Europe.
In the opinion of experts
here, such an embargo, rigor-
ously applied, would be ruin
Gus for East Germany with
out prompt and substantial
Russian aid. Even the threat
OF trade war by West Ger
many last year was enough
to make the Pankow govern
ment painfully aware of its
extreme vulnerability to this
kind of pressure.
Since then, Mr.. Ulbricht
has tried on various occa-
sionS - and with singular
lack Of success - to get solid
Russian assurances of help
If the same situation should
develop again. Even with
maximum cooperation from
Moscow, Western experts cal
culate that it would take from
two to three years for East
Germany to become reason
ably independent of Western
Europe for vitally needed
imports.
Until then, in the nom
military field the West holds
a powerful deterrent weapon
which can be used effectively
in any crisis that may de-
velop. Its effectiveness is GER
tainly not being underrated
by East German authorities.
Combined with other weak
neSses Of the Communist re-
gime, to be discussed in a
report in this space Friday,
this weapon could bring
Khrushchev and Co. to a
more reasonable solution of
the Berlin problem than they
have so far been willing to
admit.
Evening star., 1961-08-02
Brains and Brown

The Duke of Wellington
may have said the Battle of
Waterloo was won on the
playing fields of Eton, and
some day it may be said
the Kennedy brothers won
the cold war on the playing
fields of Harvard. The Ken
nedy vigor, touch football
games and strong sports in
terestS are well known. The
press reports the Attorney
General sometimes throws a
football around his Justice
Department office with a for
mer All-American he has
handy there. and quotes him
as saying Except for war,
there is nothing in American
life which trains a boy better
for life than football" The
President praises vigor and
urges physical fitness and is
exhorting all school super
intendents in the country to
see that all school kids have
a daily 15-minute period of
active group exercise.
AS to the Attorney Gen
erals statement, I know of no
evidence that football is bet
ter preparation for life than
baseball, boxing or bird
watching.
AS to the active group ex-
ercises for the kids, this
would almost certainly be
group calisthenics. If so,
forget it. The people in this
country most familiar with
calisthenics are about 20 mil
lion veterans, the fathers of
most of those kids. I don't
know how the PIT boat boys
remember caliSthenicS, but
most of us remember it as
being rousted out of a snug
sack at 5 am. by bugles,
sirens, Changing bells or surly
Sergeants, to fall in on the
company street and Jump up
and down in one spot for
is minutes at the example
of PIT specialist (this time
PIT means physical training) =,
waving our arms meanwhile
in strange patterns and
bending fore and aft. Then
we would most likely be
double-timed a mile to the
mess hall, possibly to work
up an appetite for beans for
breakfast. The first time one
of the veteran-fathers sees
his offspring at home doing
one of the School-taught cal
isthenics, he is apt to erupt
Look, kid, knock it off.
There's nothing in it. I did
it four years in service and
came out a corporal"
Sure, the kids need exer-
else. Let us take away their
car keys and make them
walk. Let us bribe them or
bully them into moving the
lawn and digging crab grass.
Let them climb trees and
fight each other. Let them
dance, ballroom, rock m roll,
square or ballet. Let them
hunt, fish, hike, play games,
ride to hounds, play touch
football and push each other
into swimming pools. But,
please, no group calisthen-
les.
And let us not confuse
vigor and exercise with
thought, or muscle with in
telligence.
j. Sam Mewhinney, Jr.
Evening star., 1961-08-02

were the court to favorably
consider that these grants
and tax credits are available
to all parents regardless Of
race and are, therefore, non
discriminatory. The fact
that Negro children are not
being educated in Prince Ed
ward can be explained more
logically in terms of a re-
luctance of some colored
people to use these grants.
These are social problems
not legal ones, but they do
give some insight into the
real issues as presented by
many liberal groups who
maintain that all they want
is better and equal education
for Negro children. The tut
ton grants are far in excess
of what that county was
spending per capita on pub
lie education. The State has
given them better and equal
education.
Owen Allen Keen,
Evening star., 1961-08-02
Clinic

The House Appropriations
Committee recently refused
to appropriate sufficient
funds to operate the D. C.
Police and Fire Department
Clinic for the fiscal year
1862. The sum involved
amounts to about So per man
per month, to keep the over
1000 members of the de-
partments in top physical
condition, or a total of $103,-
900. The committee recon-
mendS instead that medical
care of police and firemen be
left to D. C. General Hospital.
For the past 30 years the
clinic has done an excellent
job of keeping police and
firemen in top physical con-
dition. Why change now?
The clinic is stated by out
standing M.D's and surgeons
who competently handled
$4,000 cases last year. In
cidentally, the time spent in
caring for police and fire
men represents a financial
loss for these excellent public
spirited doctors.
The clinic not only services
the Metropolitan Police,
White House police and D. C.
Fire Department but fire.
quently assists other D. c.
agencies in appointment and
promotional physical exam
nations.
For the past several years
there has been a steady flow
of complaints that the D. c.
General Hospital is under
stated to handle the num-
Der Of patients it now re-
ceives. How then, does the
House Committee expect the
hospital to handle another
$4,000 cases each year?
Puzzled.
Evening star., 1961-08-02

then a moron could not have
earned a PhD degree from
Harvard University, nor
could he or she have con-
tinued his interest in the
past, present, and future, of
his country. We resent being
called moronS.
The motive that impelled
me was patriotism, and love
of country and it's history.
The participants were not
"overgrown kids in monkey
SUITS" but people with
enough interest in the his
tory of their country to be
willing, in this way, to make
the $4,000 morons" aware
also. The reenactment and
other planned events are not
celebrations; they are COM
memorations of historical
events that did happen, and
refusal to look at them will
never make them go away.
The principles and convic-
tionS that brought about this
unfortunate civil war ac-
tually were, on each side;
something great and noble"
I just feel sorry for these
people, including the editors
Of The Star, who deplore the
commemorationS of these
historical events, for some
thing is lacking in their un-
derStanding and interest in
the history of their country.
Ethel b. Pub0ls.
= y k&
l refer to the comedy
farce in two acts that closed
after a two-day run in Ma
nassas, Va, but which is
scheduled for modified SIM
liar performances at a variety
of places for the next four
years. The acting was bad,
the directing terrible; the
timing way off, and all in
all, the whole thing was in
bad taste.
Who can truly believe that
we, now "commemorating"
this tragic and painful period
in American history, are do
ing justice and honor to those
men and to that time by
acting out the fearful suffer-
ing that was endured2 Is it
possible that this was really
meant to be a tribute to the
memory of the First Battle
of Manassas? I seriously
doubt that the men whose
blood was spilled on that
ground would take 1t to be
so. 1t was more a mockery
of something honorable.
Who would ever dream of
sending a horde ashore on
the beaches of France to
commemorate" the ami
versary of D-Day? Or an
other to the beaches of Two
Jima? Who would commem-
crate the anniversary of
Pearl Harbor in any other
way than in solemn prayer
for those who died there?
Charles +. Butler.
Evening star., 1961-08-02
Britain Makes Its Move

Much more than commercial rea-
sons, important as they are, is involved
in the decision of the British Govern
European Common Market. For the
ultimate goal of this continental eco
nomic community, grouping of six
nations that was formalized by the So
called Treaty of Rome in early 1857, is
some sort of political federation that
could in the long term give Western
Europe new and vastly more powerful
voice in world affairs. But to be part
of this collective voice, if one does in
fact develop, Britain would be trading
away a measure of its historical in
dependence in European affairs-an
independence that it has employed
Shrewdly and effectively in politics,
economics and even in military alliances.
It is mark of the times that British
government of any party would even
dare to consider a compromise of this
independence.
There are, of course, good reasons
why Britain'S Conservative Government
is willing to do this today-under
safeguards which it hopes to establish
by negotiation. Foremost among the
reasons is the economic one, namely,
that the Common Market group has
become steadily stronger in trade, par
ticularly within itself, and that British
markets on the continent have suffered
accordingly. With it's overall trade
balance now running deficit-itS ex-
ports not enough to finance its imports
Britain cannot afford to accept casually
this decline in continental markets.
parallel effect is the political one itself;
prolonged decline of Britain'S COM
mercial influence on the continent is
bound to be accompanied by decline in
its political influence. One counter
maneuver to establishment of the
Common Market, the creation of a So
called Outer Seven in European Free
Trade Association, in which Britain has
taken leading part, has not quite
proved an adequate answer.
Britain'S agony in this matter, and
1t is hardly less than agony, has not
been ended by the decision to seek
G11C SOAIlulOIl NQdIk6G.
There are many technicalitieS to be
negotiated, including the paramount
one of how the imperial preference
system of trading within the British
Commonwealth can be adjusted to
new international relationship Products
of Australia, Canada and New Zealand,
for example, have favored status for
entry into the British home market
status which presumably must be revised
in some fashion reasonably acceptable
to all parties. Negotiating safeguards
for this Commonwealth trade will be one
of the most difficult problems between
London and the Common Market group
Prime Minister Macmillan has
warned that the negotiations may be
protracted and that there is no guar
antee of success. He already has drawn
political criticism at home, not only
from LaboriteS but from a segment of
his own Conservative Party. BaSically,
however, he is displaying courage in
exploring course that could lead to
greater economic and political strength
of Western Europe in particular and
the Western world in general.
Evening star., 1961-08-02
BERLIN.

Against the background of
Allied preparations for a
crisis in Berlin, a trip to this
city provides welcome evil
dence that Premier Khrush-
chev and his cronieS are
not at this stage Of the game
holding all the cards.
It is not simply because
visiting. Berlin and talking
to Berliners is always a re-
assuring experience. The only
time there seems to be any
real concern about morale in
this city is during those odd
moments when the heat is
off and things threaten to
get dull. And though this
may not be quite true, the
strong impression of the Wis
itor is that in the coming
test of nerves the people of
Berlin themselves are one of
the greatest elements of
strength on the Western side.
It is, Of course, very much
a matter of faith. 1t depends
entirely on the belief that the
Allies mean what they say
when they promise to de-
fend Berlin "at all costs. "
Without this faith there
would be no morale at all in
Berlin-or, indeed, in most
other places in the Western
world.
So far as the Allies are
concerned, the major prob
lem has been how to counter
the one really powerful card
the Communists hold: The
threat to use overwhelming
military strength in order to
force "a solution" of the Ber-
lin problem agreeable to the
Communists. On this score
the steps taken so far by
President Kennedy are SEN
sible and necessary. But the
problem-as the adminiStra-
ton apparently recognizes
is far more psychological
than military.
Calculating the Risk
The usual formula that
the West is willing to risk q
nuclear war to defend Ber-
lin-means little, since it de-
pends on how the risk is cal
culated. A person might ac-
cept the risk of nuclear wal
if he thought the probabili-
ties were say one in a thou
sand; he might feel differ
emily if they we're one in two
The question is really wheth-
er the West, as a last resort
is willing to fight a nucleaI
war over Berlin, which is, not
quite the same thing. Mr.
Khrushchev, who, of course
is calculating the risks, too
may be not entirely con-
vinced on this score.
Still the conviction il
shared by virtually every re.
sponsible Western leader thai
if the Allies make their inten.
tions clear Mr.. Khrushche,
will not carry the risk toe
far. And if the threat of di.
rect military action to solve
the Berlin problem can be
neutralized, the position OF
the West in any showdown is
considerably stronger than Is
generally supposed.
One major factor in the
strength of the Western posi-
ton which is sometimes over
looked is the impressive
Evening star., 1961-08-02
Echoes of Third Manassas

I have noted the editorial
and public letter reactions to
the reenactment of the Bat
tie of Manassas. They ap-
pear to be uniformly unfa-
vorable. The objection seems
to be that such reenactments
will incite hatred and further
animoSities.
I was born in the North,
and took part in this reen-
actment as a member of a
Southern unit. I was in
charge of the emergency first
aid. From personal observa-
tion I know that all units
met in a spirit of brother
hood and that no animoSity
was engendered. The event
did not serve to further faS-
ciSm or raciSm. In view of
my normal occupation I feel
that it would be well for the
people of America to be re-
minded of the spirit which
motivated both sides in the
Civi1 War. We could use some
of the patriotism which en-
abled 16-year-old youths to
fight and die for their prin-
ciples. 1t would be an ex-
ample for some modern a.
year-old men who have moth
ers writing to draft boards
in an attempt to escape Serv-
ice in a modern emergency.
A great leader of the Civil
War said, "The most beau
tiful word in the English Ian
guage is duty" Despite the
wishful thinking of theorists
this philosophy will stand the
test of the furnace of crisis.
Could it be possible that
those who protest so vio-
lently against the reenact-
mentS are a bit frightened?
Might not these reenactments
remind the people that Amer
leans once bore arms in de-
fenSe of principles without
the inducement of CT Bills
of Rights, free training in a
trade, and lifelong succor by
bureaucrats who, if it were
not for the bureaucracy they
serve under the guise of
pseudo professionalism,
would be hard pressed to find
occupation as ribbon clerks
in competitive enterprise?
DR.. V. J. DAILY.
Psychoanalyst.
+
Letter Writer Jim Fentress
says that $4,000 morons, i'm
PEELED by God alone knows
what motives" attended the
reenactment of the Battle
of First Manassas.
My husband and I were
among tbic hand of co-nol llod
moronS.
According to my college
psychology text book, a mo-
ron is a high grade mental
defective with an intelligence
quotient Of IL to 10, intellec-
tual capacity of average 7
to-12-year- -olds, who cannot
go beyond the fifth or sixth
grade in school. Obviously
Evening star., 1961-08-02
Anticipating Austerity

Housewives and politicians appar-
emily are true to type wherever they are.
In Britain, for example, on the eve
of new sales taxes, the ladies went on a
shopping spree for washing machines,
refrigerators, television sets and all man
ner of big and little goods to make daily
Evening star., 1961-08-02
LETTERS TO THE STAR.

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDrsteTS' correct
names and addresses. All let
ters are subject to .condenS1-
tion. Those not used tDul be
returned only tDheB accom-
panied By self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-05-27
COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES AT
COLLEGE PARK AUDITORIUM
MONDAY NIGHT MARKS Bath YR.
OF JACKSON STATE COLLEGE
Dr.. Herbert A. Wilson '46 Graduate
To Deliver Commencement Address
Baccalaureate Sermon PM. Sunday
Baccalaureate Sermon PM. Sunday

Jackson State College will bring
its 1861 commencement Season to
a close with its Saith Commence
ment Exercises beginning at TOO
O'Clock, Monday evening, May goth,
at the College Park Auditorium.
Some 1854 graduates will be aw-
arded degrees during the exercises
among which will be included some
Bachelors of Science in Education,
Bachelors of Science in Biology,
Bachelors of Science in Mathema-
tics, Bachelors of Science in Chem
istry, Bachelors of Art in History
& Politics, Bachelor of Science in
Music Education, and four Masters
of Science in Education.
The four who will be awarded the
Masters Degrees are Mrs. Aribell
Davis Jones, Hugh Howard Lee,
Alexander E. Martin, and Roose-
welt Catchings.
The Commencement address will
be delivered by DR.. Herbert A. Will
son, a 1916 graduate of Jackson
State College.
DR.. Wilson, born in Summerland,
Mississippi, was reared in Cary,
Continued on Page Five)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-05-27
COMMUNIST ARMS SHIPMENTS
TO GHANA STIRS SUSPICION

Cape Town.-Until their ulti-
mate destination is proven beyond
doubt there must remain strong
suspicion that recent Communist
arms shipments to Ghana are in
tended for use outside Ghana and
in one or the other Of the African
lands currently in upheaval.
AS such, despite the Ghana Gov
ernment's reported statement that
the shipments are an internal mat
ter and of no concern to foreign
powers, it is difficult. to imagine
that Western powers, fer example,
will remain unconcerned by the de-
velopment. For while agricultural
and technical and other forms of
aid and supplies to African coun-
tries may be all very well the
shipment Of arms is moving into
. much more sensitive area. Some
countries like Guinea have armed
their own armies with Communist
weapons, and that is q decision
which necessarily lies within the
sovereignty Of the nation con-
CONTINUED on Page Two)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-05-27
WOMAN VOTE OFFICIAL FluNkS
TEST ADMINISTERED TO NEGROES

ton officials and Negro witnesses
from eleven parishes testified.
Three Of the commissions men,
bers conducted the inquiry - DR..
John A. Hannah, chairman, presi-
dent of Michigan State University:
Robert G. Storey, vice chairman,
president Of the Southwestern Lee
gal Center, and DR.. Robert s. Ran
kin, Professor Of Political Science
at Duke University.
Miss Fox was asked to complete
a form that includes a blank in
which an applicant must list his
age in years, months and days. She
said she disqualified anyone who
did not answer correctly.
She gave her birth date as Sept.
20, 1928, and said she was 81
years, 8 months and 2 days old.
Berl I. Bernard, coNmission staff
director, and DR.. Hannah noted
she was 81 years, Z months, and s
days old.
"You would have disqualified
yourself. II my arithmetic is cor
rect" DR.. Hannah said.
He also told Miss Fox: II re-
Continued on Page Eight
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-05-27
King Announces
Freedom Riders
To Continue

Montgomery, Ala. - (DSN) -
With the eyes of the nation turned
anxiously toward this riot torn city
and the communist propaganda
machine taking every advantage of
the opportunity to discredit THE
nation in the eyes of the world, a
group of Negro leaders said here
Tuesday that the Freedom Riders,
which brought about the south's
most serious race rioting in many
years and left some 20 persons
hurt, some seriously; and brought
some 600 Marshals to the city, Ma
ticnal Guard troops, and declara-
ton of marshal law by the Gov
Continued on Page Two)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-05-27

New Orleans - A white woman
who has been sitting in judgement
on the right Of Negroes to vote
failed to pass the test she gives
them here last week.
The examination was administ-
cred as part of her testimony be-
fore the Federal Civil Right COM
mission which is holding hearings
here on charges that Negroes are
being deliberately excluded from
the voting lists.
The commission heard testimony
that pointed to discrimination
against Negroes by the official,
Mary Ethel Fox of Plaquemines
Parish County, Miss Fox denied
she practiced discrimination.
According to the testimony, only
II Of the Abs Negroes Of voting
age in Plaquemines are register
ed, while 7,010 of the 1888 whites
are on the rolls.
Miss Fox took the stand at the
opening Of q two-day session here
IN the Post Office Building.
The session marked the resump-
ton Of the Louisiana hearings sus-
pended last September. Registra-
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-05-27
Negroes Served
I'm Mobile,
Ala, Airport

Mobile, Ala.-Two Negroes were
served without incident at the air.
port restaurant last week. The
two were the Reverends Joseph E.
Lowery, president of the Alabama
Civic Affairs Association, and vice
president of the Southern Christian
Leadership Conference; and T. E.
Williams, vice president of the Ala
bama Civic Affairs Association of
Mobile, Ala.
Reverend Lowery is one of the
four Negro ministers against whom
officials of Alabama have levied a
judgment of two million dollars.
Alabama courts ruled the ministers
guilty of libel resulting from a
full-page ad published in the New
York Times newspaper in which
Continued on Page Three)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-05-27
MASONIC GRAND MASTERS IN
42ND ANNUAL CONFERENCE

Seattle, Wash, May %. - The
Annual Conference of Grand Mas
tiers, Prince Hall Masons, opened
its 42nd Annual sessions in the
Casa Italiana Hall Friday, May IL,
at . am, presided over by Amos
T. Hall, Tulsa, Okla, Grand Master
of that State and President of the
Conference.
Grand Master Hall reported that
many court suits had been institut-
ed against bogus and clandestine
Masons in the States of Washing
ton, Connecticut, Georgia, New Jer-
sey, Tennessee, and in the Ba-
hamas.
In Georgia he said group of