davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-08-10
Proposal to Drop
Truins Is Rejected

HARRISBURG, Pa, Aug. 10
(AP) The Public Utility Com
mission yesterday turned down
a Pennsylvania Railroad pro-
posal to drop its last two pas
senger trains between Harris
burg and Hagerstown, Md.
The commission ruled that
from the Standpoint of demand
for service, economy, available
alternate or substitute service
or any other yardstick" the
PR had failed to back up its
plan. :
The route links with other
rail services at Hagerstown to
points in the south.
Evening star., 1961-08-10
Mclean Man
Was Aboard
Hiiucked Jet

Thomas A. Ogden, 80, of Nc
Lean. Va. a foreign service
attache at the American En-
bassy in San Salvador, was
listed as a passenger on the
Pan American airliner hijacked
near Mexico City yesterdays
A State Department spokes-
man said today that Mr.. Ogden
was apparently travelling on
official business when the in
cident occurred. and has re-
sumed his flight to Central
America after an enforced
detour to Havana and Miami.
Mr.. Ogden and his family
are scheduled to return to their
home at 4204 Opalocka drive,
Mclean, later this month. He
has been assigned to the en-
bassy in San Salvador, capital
of El Salvador, since 1859.
State Department records
show that Mr.. Ogden was ap-
pointed q Foreign Service re-
serve officer in July, 1859,
after serving II years as q
political analyst for the De-
partment of the Army in
Washington.
Mr.. Ogden was an overseas
administrative officer for the
Navy between 1941 and 1943,
and was an Army officer from
l943 to 1916. He was born in
Philadelphia and studied at
La Sale College there.
Evening star., 1961-08-10

certainly made no plans for
divorce"
The couple has two daugh-
ters, aged l and 3 years. They
were sent to Paris in January
to stay with Cadon's mother.
Cadon and his wife, a native
of Germany, came here in the
spring of 1857 and were mar
ried in September.
AS an artist, Cadop's can
vases tended toward the mod
ern style and he managed to
sell several. However, his wife
said, he never received more
than SIS for one.
Mrs. Cadon said one Of the
matters of particular concern
to her husband was the Al
gerian question. .a
He was simply for a free
Algeria" she said. He followed
the developments very closely.
Crew members of the Pan
American World AirwayS jet
liner hijacked by Candon yes
terday quoted him as saying he
did it to protest United States
policy on Algeria.
Varying Impressions
In describing her husband as
temperamental and nervous,
Mrs. Cadon indicated she did
not believe he was unduly so.
Others residing in the apart
ment building had varying i'm
pressionS Of Cadon. One called
him IAN emotional artist
temperamental enough to do
something like this" Others
spoke of him in such terms as
"a strange duck odd un-
usual"
But one matron said, II think
he was a very pleasant man"
Evening star., 1961-08-10
Wife Declares Codon
Had Joked ofHijocking

NEW YORK, Aug. 10 (AP) -
The wife of plane hijacker AL
bert Charles Cadon today de-
scribed him as a Temperament
tai, nervous man who worried
about many things.
But she said that, although
he had often joked with friends
recently about hijacking an
airplane, she had no inkling he
would actually do so.
The 27-year-old Paris-born
artist and restaurant employe
was reported by the FBI to
have had a record of mental
disturbance.
He went to Bellevue Hospital
for a mental examination at the
suggestion of a policeman last
fall after creating a disturbance
in front of his apartment build
ing at 339 East Ninth street. He
was released after three days
but the result of the test was
not disclosed.
Drew Police Attention
Cadon's wife Charlotte, "a,
said she did not know of the
Bellevue visit until FBI agents
questioned her about it earlier
today. She acknowledged, how
ever, that he had drawn police
attention again last winter.
Cadon became disturbed be-
cause the name "Cadon" was
given to a commercial product
put on the market here. and
went around painting out the
name on advertising signs.
The signs advertised "Cadon
nylon," nylon yarn produced
by the Chemstrand Corp.
Mrs. Cadon, who met her
husband while studying in
Paris in 1857, first refused to
speak with newsmen, but later
relented and permitted an in
terview in her fifth floor
Walkup flat,
Maintaining an outward
composure, although obviously
distraught, she said the last
time she saw her husband was
last Friday.
Talked About Trip
I'VE had no argument" she
said. He simply said he was
going to Mexico or the West
Coast. He's been talking about
making the trip ever since we
have been here. He said it was
just for a visit"
She added: I'm very con-
fused about the whole Situa-
ton"
She said the topic of hijack-
ing a plane had come up sew
eral times in Cadon's discus
sion with friends after the re-
cent series of air incidents
began. I'VE were all joking
about it," she said.
Mrs. Cadon was asked how
she would receive her husband
If he were to return to New
York.
Two Cadon Daughters
II don't think he'll ever
come back" she replied. If
he does, I will say I have
Evening star., 1961-08-10
Cuba Proposes
Seizure Pact
Conference

PUNTA DEL ESTE, Uruguay,
Aug. 10 (AP) Cuba proposed
to the hemisphere economic
conference today an agreement
prohibiting seizure, attach
ment and confiscation of ves-
sells and airplaneS of any men,
ber country by another"
The Cuban resolution was
presented to a working COM
mission as the conference, ex-
ploring ways of getting a $40
billion economic program in
motion. continued a series Of
closed-door sessions.
Cuba's resolution came
against a background of dis
putes and airplane hijacking
incidents involving the island
nation and the United States.
Offered BY Guevara
The proposal, submitted by
economic czar Ernesto (Che)
Guevara'S delegation to the 81
nation conference, asked the
adoption of measures to guar
antee the normal development
of transportation as a condi-
ton precedent to Latin Amer
ican integration."
Cuba later hinted it would
walk out of the hemisphere eco
nomic conference, but this
quickly took on the appearance
of a maneuver to win Latin
American sympathy.
Mr.. Guevara demanded to
know whether Cuba would be
given a role to play in the $40
billion Alliance for Progress
program.
He demanded an answer at
once but received none from the
chairman of the commission
which is studying a declaration
to be adopted by this confer
ence when it ends.
Mr.. Guevara has captured
much of the attention during
discussion of how to hold back
threats of communism and
Cuban Castroism in Latin
America. He spent the morn
ing hopping from one commit
tee room to another. One dele
gate said, "he has been driving
us crazy"
Yelled Threat
Mr.. Guevara's words were
taken as a yelled threat to
stalk out of the conference
When he demanded to know
if Cuba would be able to play
a role, he snapped: IF it can
not, let it be said as of now"
| Later Mr.. Guevara was vague
about his intentions.
Mr.. Guevara appeared to be
trying to rally support behind
the idea Of Cuba taking part
in and benefiting from the
program, being careful not to
offend Latin delegates too
much. The idea he is trying
to put over is that Latin
America is all one family and
that one member cannot be
excluded from a hemisphere
program.
The United States has no
liking for the idea of Cuban
participation in a Latin Ameri-
can development program de-
signed to hold back the influ-
ence of the Cuban revolution
! in its alliance with world
communism.
Evening star., 1961-08-10

kWEg ASRJ WIZ = Az AVA VA 6S9
detoured to Ell Paso.
None of the five hijackers
involved was a Cuban citizen.
Two were Americans from Ar
izona, one was an itinerant
French artist from New York
City, one a Puerto Rican, and
one, a waiter, was born in Cuba
but had become a naturalized
American citizen.
Hijaeking by Cubans
Meanwhile Cubans fleeing
Mr., Castro hijacked or flew "a
of his planes to this country.
The United States returned IA
Of them to him. The other 10
were seized under court order
to be sold for a debt owed by
the Cuban government to a
Miami businessman.
And If Mr.. Castro had used
his head he probably could have
gotten the 10 back, too. How?
A State Department spokesman
said if Mr.. Castro had invoked
Cuban sovereignty over the
planes. the American court
most likely would have refused
to let the planes be seized.
Why didn't he do that? The
State Department said he prob
ably didn't know how he could
do that, or he didn't think of it
or perhaps he couldn't find a
lawyer to represent him here.
Called 1ncOherent
Yesterday a French gunman,
over Mexico and at gunpoint,
forced the pilot of a Pan Amer
lean World Airways plane with
81 persons aboard to fly him
to Havana. After it was all over
an official of the airline said
the gunman was incoherent
and had no connection with
Cuba.
Before all this was known
there were angry shouts in
Congress. But Mr.. Castro would
not have had to send an agent
to Mexico to capture a Pan
American plane. Pan American
still maintains regular flights
between Cuba and this country.
So If Mr.. Castro wanted to, he
could have helped himself to
some Pan American planes on
the ground in Havana.
The first hijacking was done
by a Puerto Rican who used a
steak knife and pistol to force
the pilot of an American plane
to land in Cuba May /. Cuban
police released the plane and
led the hijacker away.
Meanwhile, some Cuban
planes hijacked from Mr.. Castro
were being seized by court order
here, along with % carloads of
Cuban-owned lard. Yesterday
Cuban patrol boat was seized
in Key West by court order.
Mr., Castro, recalling that he
Evening star., 1961-08-10

! ~ .eF = .H ...5
him down. The co-pilot pointed
out Havana to Cadon, where
upon the hiiacker said:
II have never been there be-
fore. I don't know"
Passed Out Bullets
Convinced finally that the
plane was in Havana, Cadon
emptied his gun and passed out
the bollets as souvenirs to the
crew..
He gave one bullet to each
member Of the crew and told
them. I planned to give it to
you one way or the other. This
Is a souvenir from me-" one of
the passengers said.
Mr.. Turbay said:
There was complete pres
ence of mind and serenity on
the part of the pilot and also
of the passengers. There was
no sign of any breakdown. But
when the plane landed, our
nerves were completely shot.
THE Cuban militia then
boarded the plane and disarmed
the hijacker. I saw him clearly
then. He was a young man,
about "a, very nervous, and
carried a Spanish pistol"
Cadon was held in Havana.
The aircraft and the other
passengers were cleared for a
return to Miami about three
hours later but were delayed for
several additional hours. Capt.
Ballard, attributed this to Pre-
mier Castro's entertaining the
Colombian Foreign Minister.
Earlier. the White House had
requested prompt" return of
the jet end passengers.
After the plane finally took
off and as it neared Miami,
Capt. Ballard rAdioed the con-
troll tower: I've never been so
glad to see this klace
The airliner landed az 11:48
pm. Shortly afterward, sew
eral passengers bound for points
south of Panama, took off on
another Pan Am plane. The
others spent the night in a hotel
and planned to continue their
interrupted Journeys to-day.
Before Cadon had definitely
been identified as the hljacker,
a United States Embassy source
in Mexico City enormously re-
ported that Hector Vioni, a pas
senger aboard the plane. had
remained behind in Cuba.
Relatives of the Richmond,
Ind, lawyer i m m diately
branded this as preposterous.
Later the embassy sources
said they were misinformed
and added:
Our usually reliable con-
nections got their names mixed
up"
The sources emphasized Mr.
Vioni was not involved in any
way in the hijacking.
AS for Mr.. Vioni, So, he re.
turned to Miami with the Other
passengers aboard the jetlinel
and said he had no idea how
his name became involved II
the hijacking reports.
"All I know is got held up,
he said.
The crew of the SIS millior
jetliner was not armed, al
though three prior hijacking
: Of American commercial plane!
since May ] have led the Gov
!. ernment to- authorize arminl
aircraft crews.
Evening star., 1961-08-10
INTERPRETIVE REPORT

had released the American
plane hijacked May /. threat
ened on July S to hold any
other American plane which
might be hijacked and forced
down in Cuba.
His chance came July "a
when a lone gunman-the
naturalized American from
Cuba. whose wife said he had
been acting strange-forced the
pilot of an Eastern Airlines
Electra to land him in Cuba.
Mr.. Castro let the passengers
go but kept the gunman and
the $3.5 million plane.
Castro Deal Rejected
On August 8 an ex-convict
and his son. both Americans
from Arizona, tried to hijack
a plane and head it for Cuba.
Instead, the pilot said he didn't
have enough gas and brought
the plane down in El Paso. The
father and son are being held
under heavy bond.
Mr.. Castro meanwhile pro-
posed to turn the Electra back
to- this country If the United
States would promise to return
any Cuban planes hijacked in
the future. Secretary of State
Rusk refused to make the deal.
Cuba placed the Electra under
the jurisdiction Of the United
Nations Security Council-al-
though retaining the plane. Mr..
Castro registered a protest in
the U. N. about the hijacking of
Cuban planes. Mr.. Rusk de-
manded the Electra, asked for
an answer.
Then this happened: In Cuba
this country is represented by
the Swiss Embassy. Mr.. Castro's
government gave its reply to
Mr.. Rusk to the Swiss Embassy
on August 4 proposing to swap
the Electra for the patrol boat.
Instead of sending the reply
directly to Mr.. Rusk, the En-
bassy sent the reply-by air.
mail-to its own foreign Of
flee in Berne.
The State Department-which
still doesn't know whether the
mail reached Berne-heard Of
Mr.. Castro's reply in some other
way and, through channels,
asked the Swiss Embassy in
Cuba to please send a copy by
cable. s..
The Embassy sent the Castro
note by Gable. But when the
cable arrived it was so garbled
that the State Department un-
til today didn't know officially
what Mr.. Castro said.
Evening star., 1961-08-10

military expedition in to get
the planes.
Senate Republican Leader
Dirksen said he was glad the
latest plane and its passengers
were returned safely, but said
the question still remains Of
whether Cuba viii turn over
the hijaeker.
|. Senator DirkSen said this
country has an extradition
treaty with Cuba and added,
"if they don't turn the hijack-
ers over to us it will, certainly
indicate there is colluSion in
yolyed." .-.. ses.
Different Outlook"
Senator Mansfield said the
prompt return of the plane and
passengers puts a different
outlook" on many of the de-
mandS Senators were making
last night.
Senators Bridges of New
Hampshire and Goldwater of
Arizona, on the Republican
side, and Senator Thurmond,
Democrat of South Carolina,
were in the forefront of those
demanding some positive action
by the administration.
Senators Morton. Republican
of Kentucky; Javits, Republi-
can of New York, and Morse.
Democrat of Oregon, cautioned
their colleagues to wait for all
the facts about yesterdays in
cident before taking any ac-
ton.
These suggestions resulted in
postponement of action until
today on the pending bill and
amendments.
I'm for going in and getting
the planes back" said Senator
Morton. but we are legislating
now under the pressure of an
incident that happened today
about which we know nothing"
Senator Aiken. Republican of
Vermont, advised against a
mandatory death penalty. He
argued that if a hijacker was
cornered and knew he faced
the death penalty If captured,
he might destroy the plane
with all of its passengers.
A House subcommittee ex-
pected to put the finishing
touches on a similar air piracy
bill today.
Evening star., 1961-08-10
Il EE
LANE


Continued From First Page
to the departing airliner and
shook hands with him. Mr..
Tdrbay quoted the bearded
Cuban revolutionary as express
sing modification at the in
cident and telling him:
This should not happen
again. On August 4, sent a
note to she United States Gov
ernment asking that reciprocal
MEASURES be taken to prevent
recurrence of mutual hijack-
ing"
Twenty-four Cuban aircraft
have been hijacked by Premier
Castro's political opponents
and flown to this country.
En- Route to Panama
The latest victim of piracy
in the skies was Pan American
Flight sol between Houston.
Tex, and Panama City, Pam
anna, via Mexico City. Guate-
mala City and San Jose, Costa
Rica.
It left Houston at 10 am.
CEDT) and flew to Mexico CITY,
taking off from there at l pm
No sooner did the plane get
aloft, however. than Cadon-
his pistol cooked and ready
rushed down the aisle from the
hack of the cabin, kicked oper
the door to the pilots com.
partment and went inside, clos
ing the door behind him.
Mr.. Turbay. who witnessed
the scene with the other passen-
gers, said he realized the plane
was being hijacked.
4"At first all the passengers
appeared very nervous" he
said. 1--WE didn't know whether
the hijacker was normal OF
crazy. Fifteen or 20 minutes
later, we were over water and
realized we were headed for
Havana, instead of Guate-
mala."
Tried to Intercept Plane
The crew managed to get off
a terse radio message telling OF
the hijacking. It was picked
up in Brownsville, Tex, and
American fighter planes made
d vain attempt to intercept the
airliner before it reached
Havana.
Inside the pilots compart.
ment. meanwhile, Cadon an
nounced:
II am an extremist and 9
revolutionist. There are many
of u.s."
Capt. Carl Ballard, in charge
of the plane. described tn,
tense 2la-hour flight to Ha.
yana:
s"He (Cadon) threatened Vi
several times, and we were IL
great danger of being shot, no
Intentionally, but by acciden
40 he said he'd kill us, ant
he said when the problem cam,
up that we were not to lant
for fuel. He told us we'd crasl
first"
Co-pilot Sam Enfield sal
Cadon told of having tw
children in Paris and a wifi
In New York. He said he ha
arrived in Mexico City earle
in. the day by bus.
Co-pilot Enfield said the hi
jacker demanded by radio ths
Hav2a send out an air escor
but ne control tower turne
Evening star., 1961-08-10
Senate Adds
Death Penalty
To Piracy Bill
BY ia. OLEARY
Star Staff Writer

The Senate today added a
provision fore the death penalty
to a bill making airpiaue .hi-
jacking q Federal crime.
AS the measure came from
committee the penalty ranged
from 20 years to life, but an
amendment by Senator Var
borough, Democrat of Texas,
making the death penalty per-
missible, was approved by voice
vote.
AS the Senate prepared to
pass the bill, Democratic Leader
Mansfield, appealed to his COL
leagues to leave out of it any
provisions affecting the general
state of relations between the
United States and Cuba, which
he said should be considered
by the Foreign Relations
Committee. ,
Senator Mansfield suggested
that the committee consider a
resolution requesting that the
President call o conference Of
nations that have signed the
International Convention on
Laws Of the Seas, which al
ready includes air piracy. Such
a conference would consider
whether recent hijackings in
dicate any need for strengthen
ing this treaty or speeding up
its applicability, Senator Mans
field said.
Embargo Of Cuba Asked -
Assistant Republican Leader
Kuchel called for an economic
embargo on Cuba, declaring
that agricultural products are
still being shipped in trade to
this country at the rate of
about IS million a month.
Acting on the Mansfield sug-
gestion, Senator Kerr, Demo-
crat Of Oklahoma, today with
drew the amendment he
offered to the piracy bill last
night asking the President to
serve an ultimatum on Fidel
Castro for the return of hi
lacked American planes and
to take such action as might be
necessary to recover them if
the ultimatum is ignored.
Senator Kerr said he was
introducing instead q separate
resolution to be referred to the
Foreign Relations Committee.
Cuban Proposal Scored
Meanwhile, Senator Heating,
Republican Of New York, said
it would be incredible for the
United States to comply with
a Cuban suggestion that the
Eastern Airlines plane hijacked
three weeks ago would be
swapped for, a Cuban patrol
boat brought to this country
by detecting refugees. The
Senator said the cases are not
comparable because the Ameri-
can plane was not taken to
Cuba by detecting Americans.
Senator Monroney. Demo-
crat of Oklahoma. told the
Senate that the pending bill
extends Jurisdiction of the
United States in hijacking
cases to the high seas. He
said that in yesterdays case
jurisdiction to try hijackers
might rest with the United
States, Mexico or Cuba, and
it would be a matter for nego-
tiation to determine who should
have Jurisdiction.
Within an hour after news
Of yesterdays hacking broke,
Senators were demanding that
the Kennedy administration
serve an ultimatum on Mr..
Castro to return both this Pam
American plane and the East
ern Airlines plane that has
been held in Cuba for nearly
three weeks.
Intervention Demanded
Some members of both
houses said if the ultimatum
was not complied with the
United States should send a
Evening star., 1961-08-10
DOG Once King

Adds ABABA- Once in an
cient Ethiopia a dog was king,
sat on a throne, wore royal
garments. and had a crown on
his head. His growl could re-
suit in a Jail term or eNen
execution.
Evening star., 1961-08-10
Dizzy Hijocking Story
Seems to Clear Castro
BY JAMES MARROW
Associated Press staff Writer

Before blood pressure goes up thinking
Castro ard hacked American planes look at the record It's
dizzy almost incredible story compounded of confusion
So far the record shows Mr. Castro initiated
the hiiacking There four Three the
forced to land in Cuba Mr. Castro Immediately released
Evening star., 1961-12-06
Hi||mon Lecturer Cites
NAACP Troll Blazing

their people out OF the dark
the interracial NAACP
came along in 1909 with IAN
all-out effort to force the
Federal Government to enforce
civil rights"
Voice Plus Legality
The NAACP had verbal
audacity, but it had more than
that" DR.. Franklin said. 1T
had a legal committee that was
prepared to challenge the effort
of the Southern States to
destroy civil rights,
IF the Supreme Court was
hostile to the efforts of Con-
gress to implement civil rights
perhaps it could also be per-
suaded to frown upon the ef-
forts of States to eliminate
the Negro from consideration
Altogether as a citizen"
DR.. Franklin said only the
Joint action of Negroes and
their white friends ranging fal
outside government, kept civil
rights alive.
That they managed to re-
verse the trend and to secure
once more some Fedora.
cognizance of them is a testi-
mony to their perseverance as
we'll as their ingenuity and
resourcefulness," DR.. Franklin
said.
Evening star., 1961-12-06

The National Association for
the Advancement of Colored
People was credited last night
with leading the Negro out of
the long, dark night" of civil
inequities toward Federal en-
forcement of civil rights
program.
This was the thesis of DR..
John Hope Franklin of tn e
Brooklyn College history de-
partment in the second Of his
three Sidney Hillman lectures
at Howard University. The
third of the series tracing the
civil rights story will be heard
at the university's Rankin
Chapel at 3 pm. tomorrow.
Laws Lacking
DR.. Franklin told how the
failure of Congress to pass
adequate laws, together with
unfavorable Supreme Court
action and "spineless" White
House leadership, had by the
Goth Century all but erased
gains made by the Negro after
the Civil War.
Instead of protection in the
courts and at the polls, Negroes
were reduced to a state ol
fighting for survival against
the inroads of lynch mobS and
rigged courts, he said.
Where Booker T. Washing
ton and others failed TO leao