davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-07-03
Conodo's Dollar Policy

The drop in the exchange value of
the Canadian dollar is attributable
more to deliberate monetary policy
than to basic weakness.
Since 1850 the Canadian dollar has
had no fixed parity value in terms of
gold or of the United States dollar, and
for the most part the Ottawa govern
ment has allowed free market factors
of supply and demand (and confidence)
to determine exchange rates. Although
this policy has led to relatively
wide fluctuations, the Canadian dollar
through most of this period has COM
manded premium over our own.
There have been forces at work,
however, which have prompted the
Diefenbaker administration now to
announce that it intends to keep the
Canadian dollar at a discount, rather
than a premium, in relation to our own.
For several years Canadian imports
have exceeded exports with resultant
deficit in the balance of payments
What amounts to devaluation of the
Canadian dollar will raise the costs on
imports and presumably reduce them
In volume, and lower the prices on
exports with the hope of making them
more competitive in world markets
The fact that Canada has suffered
relatively more than the United States
in the recent recession gives added
Importance to this possibility of step
ping up export demand for Canadian
goods. Unemployment has been running
higher percentagewise than in this
country, an excess of oil in world
markets has decreased interest in de-
veloping Canadian petroleum resources,
competition in world wheat markets
Evening star., 1961-07-03
Not Both Woys

Virginia'S Democratic primary cam
paign for the governorship may be
short on the kind Of issues that really
stir up the voters. But 1t is providing
some useful instruction in the vitality
OF the old doctrine that a man can't
have it both ways.
The particular beneficiary Of this
instruction is Lieutenant Governor
A. E. S. Stephens, who is running as
an anti-Byrd man against AlbertiS
Harrison.
Earlier in the campaign, Mr..
Stephens blasted the Byrd machine"
only to be confronted with letter he
had written praising the Byrd organi-
zation. Now he has done it again. In
a speech last week he said he wanted
to make it crystal clear that I have
not at any time solicited the support
Of Senator Byrd" This prompted the
Virginia Senator, in order, he said, to
keep the record straight, to release
letter written to him last December by
Mr.. Stephens. In that letter the Lieu
tenant Governor said: II am most
hopeful Of being the recipient of your
most valuable support in the guber-
material campaign of 1861"
Having thus been stabbed, in
effect with his own. pen, Mr.. Stephens
now says that what he meant to say
was that he had not contacted Sena-
tor Byrd in person or by telephone
very lame explanation.
The fact is that Mr.. Stephens,
until this campaign, had been associ-.
ated with the Byrd organization. Now,
,groping for an issue, he is attacking
that organization because, generally,
1t is supporting his opponent. But
IMr. Stephens cannot have it. both
ways. Nor can he hope successfully
to work both sides Of the street
especially If his letters are going to
keep coming back to haunt him.
Evening star., 1961-07-03
Provocative Study

Against the background Of widely
diverse interests and experience repre-
sented by the twenty members of
the privately financed Commission on
Money and Credit, it was inevitable that
the report of this panel on its far-reach-
ing three-year study would produce not
only broad differences of opinion but
the substance for both economic and
political controversy. The differences
are reflected in the first instance by the
mass Of modifying footnotes which is
spread over much of the report.
In the public domain of economics
and politics, so closely related in this
era of Overwhelming governmental i'm
pact on the national economy, many
of the commissions recommendations
already are established as highly con-
troverSial issues. For example, the Sug-
geStion that the President be given
discretionary authority to raise or lower
firSt-bracket individual income tax
rates, as weapon of economic policy,
runs head-on against the exclusive and
jealousy guarded jurisdiction of the
House Ways and Means Committee to
originate revenue measures. Even
though the proposal would limit the
range Of presidential revision and pro-
videS for a congressional veto If
exercised within 80 days, the principle
of transfer Of authority remains a
sticky one.
Several proposals bearing upon the
Federal Reserve Board, and any idea
that its independence" should be
threatened, also are highly charged with
political emotions. The commission sug-
geSted "closer ties" with the President,
through such means as having the FRB
chairmanS term coincide with that of the
Chief Executive permitting change
with each administrator and chang
ing the length of members terms to
assure one vacancy shortly after each
presidential Inauguration. In the same
controversial category is recommended
tion that the 425 per cent interest rate
ceiling on Government bonds be re-
moved-a longtime objective of the
Eisenhower administration which Con-
greSs would not grant. And while the
liberals" formed the backbone of op-
position to this. proposal in the past,
the conservatives" play similar role
in opposition to another commission
recommendation, namely, that there
should be no statutory ceiling on the
national debt.
To it's credit, however, the commits
sion acknowledges that it is not pre-
suming to prescribe the ways and means
to guarantee the ideal attainment of
national objectives." Its study probably
is the most thorough of its kind under
taken since that of the Aldrich Com
mission in 1911, which led to establish
ment of the Federal Reserve System.
In promising supporting papers" Chair
man Frazar B. Wilde expressed the hope
the commissions work will be of benefit
in areas where firm knowledge is
patiently inadequate" The initial report
encourages belief that this will be so.
Evening star., 1961-07-03
Honest LobeIino

DR.. Ernest Dichter of the
Institute for Motivational
Research testified before a
Senate hearing on labelling
and packaging that life
wouldn't be worth living If
items were honestly tabled"
DR.. Dichter compares love
to peaches. Please, that I
never have to purchase love!
When I must spend my hard
earned money for the re-
quirements of life, I expect
and in fact, I demand that
proportionate value be given
in return.
The public has little time
to make a detailed analysis
of every item they buy. HUI
man nature has it that the
average person likes to feel
that he has been smart" in
buying a bargain. Appar-
emily manufacturers are cap
italizing on this fact and are
truly cheating the public.
After reading Mary Nc
Grory's article, I went to a
local store and did a little
investigating. What I learned
was appalling!
It's time that steps were
taken to put a stop to the
cheating of the consumer.
Perhaps there is no Cure
all solution, but our morality
needs to be improved-not
excused!
James ChOchOsnjr.
Evening star., 1961-07-03
ConnoIIy Reservation

The June issue of the Fed
eral Bar News contains the
following:
1.-THE past month, after CIV
ing a full opportunity to all
chapters to consider and vote
on the question of the repeal
of the Connally Reservation,
the (F.B.A. NationaD Council
debated and voted over
whelmingly in support of the
repeal of the reservation. >.
Thus, this association has
gone on record, together with
the American Bar Association,
for repeal of the Connally
Reservation and in support
of Senate Joint Resolution
49,"
1t should be noted that the
American Society of Interna-
tional Law also advocates the
withdrawal of the Connally
Reservation.
The Connally Reservation
provides that the United
States, unilaterally, may de-
termine which matters are
within it's domestic jurisdic-
ton, and thus outside the
jurisdiction Of the Interna-
tional Court Of Justice.
The Federal Bar ASsocia-
ton has a membership of ap-
proximately 5000 lawyers,
most Of whom hold respon-
sible positions with the Fed
eral Government.
a Bennett Willis, jr.
Evening star., 1961-07-03
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Everything Has an Opposite
By THOMAS R. HENRY

somewhere there may be
anti-stars and anti-galaxies
OF stars-perhaps even anti
men.
They would be made up
OF anti-particleS, counterparts
OF electronS, protons and neu-
irons, combined in atoms
which would instantaneously
eliminate matter as known
on earth if they ever came
in close contact with it.
Likewise, they would be an
initiated themselves. It would
be a titanic conversion of
matter into radiation.
There is a pro and anti
to almost everything in crea-
tion. 1t seems to be made
up somehow of opposites.
Matter itself is no exception.
That the anti elemental
particles exist has been DEM
onStrated in experiments just
reported by the Atomic En-
ergy Commission.
During the past few years
about 80 elementary nuclear
particles have been found,
beyond the three previously
known. About half Of these
are anti-particles which, once
formed on earth, remain in
existence for only about a
billionth Of a second.
Particles Are Twins
Almost every charged or
neutral particle" says a Com
mission report, "has a twin
or anti-particle identical in
some properties and opposite
in others. Whenever a par
ticle and its twin come to-
gether their mass is con-
verted into lighter particles,
as is the case with the anti
proton, the anti-particle of
the proton. A considerable
fraction Of research now is
being devoted to the study
of these anti-particles."
The "antis" are being pro-
duced in high energy ex-
periments at the Lawrence
Radiation Laboratory at Cali
fornia Institute of Technol-
ogy. During the past few
months the work has been
concentrated largely on anti
protonS, which would con-
stitute much of the nucleus
OF an anti-atom, and what
happens when it collides with
a hydrogen atom, whose nu-
cleus consists of a single pro-
proton.
Out Of the annihilation
process which follows come
many new particles. These
include "oions," mesons with
a seventh the mass of mesons
known in the past, hypersons,
lambdas, sigmas and others.
1t all happens so fast,
however, that it has been
necessary to develop special
techniques of detection. One
Of these detects a new parti-
Gle in a billionth of a sec
ond, about as long as some
Of them last in a terrestrial
environment. Then the ap-
paratus is Immediately ready
to detect the next one.
\ =
The present may be the
greatest Of all the ice ages.
This is indicated by the
apparently unprecedented
rate Of build-up Of the great
Antarctic and Arctic ice
Evening star., 1961-07-03
Kennedy and Cuba

representative M ii e r
chairman Of the Republican
National Committee, has
brewed up a tempest in the
teapot Of partisan politics BY
charging that President
Kennedy ordered the with
drawal Of American air-sup-
port from the forces which
invaded Cuba, bringing on the
so-called Cuban fiasco. In
doing so he implicated the
former head of the recent
Republican administration,
Gen. Eisenhower, asserting
that the General had ordered
this support. This charge has
kicked back right into the
collective faces Of Miller,
Nixon ct al. Another ap-
proach was tried-Adlai Stew
enson was made the whipping
boy in this situation-and
that failed.
What has been overlooked
in all Of this manufactured
confusion is the fact that
President Kennedy assumed
the responsibility for this sit
uation, and in so doing lived
up to the finest tradition Of
our country by recognizing
the legal and moral obliga-
tions to which we committed
ourselves in becoming a mem
Der Of the o. A. s.
Subject to debate is the
fact that we may have un-
necessarily tied our hands
and probably impaired our
security through our agree
ment not to intervene in the
affairs of the hemisphere
countries by unilateral ac-
ton. But this treaty or agree
ment is in force; and if we
are to retain the confidence
and trust of those nations
and peoples who look to us
as the leaders in the survival
of freedom; If we are to ne
gotiate with our neighbors
and other underdeveloped
countries in our efforts to
help them establish the DEM
ocratic systems Of govern
ment and way of life, so as
to keep away the wolves Of
communism from their doors,
we must negotiate from a
strength Of confidence and
not from the weakness of
distrust.
This goal can only be re-
allied and fulfilled if we show
to the world that what has
sustained us as a people and
Nation through the many
trials and tribulations, has
been our determination and
practice to honor obligations,
both moral and legal, to
which we have committed
ourselves, by treaties or other
agreements and not treat
them as scraps of paper.
President Kennedy, in can
ceiling the order for aerial
support Of the invaders of
Cuba, not only showed moral
courage and conviction, but
proclaimed to the world that
the United States now, as in
the past, honors its commit
ments and obligations SOL
emnly undertaken and prom
iSed.
Abe Shefferman
Evening star., 1961-07-03
S0Iutes Gen. Walker

Why not be proud Of Amer
lea and its. way of life? It's
time to "sell" our way of life
and freedom to ourselves as
well as those Of other ma
tionalities. Let us again in
still old-fashioned patriotism
in everyone.
I say three cheers for Gen.
Edwin Walker and his pro-
Blue program! One can not
oVeremphasize the Commu-
mist aims and determination
to conquer us (the free
world any way they see fit.
They do not fight fairly; any
means to their end is their
rule Of the fight for sur
vival. Where is the crime in
teaching others to recognize
and combat our enemies on
all fronts? Why is q man of
Gen. Walkers stature being
chastiSed for alerting his men
and the world to the dangers
that confront us all?
Let us have an open in
vestigation of the pro-Blue
program Of Gen Walkers and
clean out of the Defense De-
partment and other branches
of the Government th.ose peo-
pie who do not recognize the
seriousness Of our position
today and who are unwilling
to sell" and "Sell hard" our
ideals. Let's reinState Gen.
Walker and his pro-Blue pro-
gram. Let's 60 American all
the way!
What has happened to the
American backbone of old?
All our policies today are
filled with concessions and
appeasementS. We can not
back down forever; when are
we going to make a stand
Have we all forgotten the
pre-World War II days of
Chamberlain? I think we
should all back Congressman
John Pillion of N. Y. and
recognize that a state of war
exists between international
communism and the United
States.
Charles H. Hawkins, jr.
Bergenfield, N. j.
Evening star., 1961-07-03
Montqomery's JoiIs

1t was interesting to read
about the fancy new Jail
about to open in Montgom-
cry County. Let us hope
that the richest county in
the United States will find
itself able to provide clean
sheets for each prisoner, pro-
vide clean blankets which
are free Of holes, eliminate
bedbugs, provide sufficient
guards so that prisoners may
receive visitors with a degree
OF privacy, provide daily
showers for those desiring
them, etc. At present con-
ditions could almost be COM
pared to the Dark Ages.
Would the Montgomery
County Federation Of Wom-
ems Clubs be interested in
looking into the present
Situa a tion - making un-
announced visits and talking
TO prisoners, etc.? The
warden is doing his best un-
der very trying conditions
working with a staff far too
small. Where are our taxes
going?
George Ellintt.
Evening star., 1961-07-03
THE PASSING SCENE
BY RALPH McGILL

Klan virtues, he always
appeared to reporters to
have tongue in cheek.
Later on the Klan seemed
to feel this way, too. One
Sunday they got together in
an Atlanta hotel and handed
the Wiz" the black spot,
somewhat in the manner of
Blind Pew delivering one to
the Captain at the Rainbow
Inn Of Treasure Island fame.
They seemed to feel "the
Wiz" had wrought more
nightly in the field Of
asphalt sales than in the
klanerns. @
Church Acquires Palace
Nonetheless, it was this
same Imperial Wizard who
participated in one of the
most charming idyls Of the
time. Yet it. too, seemed to
disenchant the members, who
had been more contented
under the veterinarian.
There had come to Georgia
a new bishop for the Roman
Catholic diocese, a charm
ing, intelligent and delight
full gentleman, the Very Rev.
erend Gerald O'Hara. During
the days of the Klan of the
20S it had bought an old
Southern mansion, white
columns and all, on Atlanta's
Peachtree Street and used it
as Imperial Palace"
When the Klan of the '20s
had collapsed under the
weight of its crimes, the
building was put on the mar
ket. The Roman Catholic
Church, which had been one
OF the major targets of the
KKK's brand of 100 per
cent Americanism" purchased
the old Klan palace"
The building, where once
the sheeted Kluxers had
counted their money and
from which their anti-Cath-
olic, anti-Jewish. anti-Negro
literature had gone, became
the rectory and a beautiful
cathedral was erected beside
it.
When the time came to
d e dica tie the cathedral,
Bishop O'Hara questioned
newspaper friends about in
viting the Imperial Wizard.
They felt out "the Wiz" and
FOUND him agreeable. The
invitation was sent and re-
ceiVed. On the day Of the
ceremony "the Wiz" was
there in a pew close up to the
front.
Klan mentality seems to
grow more stupid through
the years, as the third, and
present, revival demonstrates.
There has not been anything
humorous about it since "the
Wiz" departed.
Evening star., 1961-07-03
Education Above All

A recent letter in The Star
by Harry B. Merican noting
parent complaints of local
public school inadequacy be-
fore the subcommittee on
D. c. appropriations unfor-
tunately conveys the impress
sion that we, who transferred
our children to private and
parochial schools, did so
primarily in a desperate
search for a more ideal school
plant, smaller class sizes and
more, better and higher paid
teachers.
Actually, some of us whose
youngsters are enrolled in
private schools willingly sac
rificed substantial structures
without tuition or other cost
in exchange for instruction
in the basic fundamentals Ito
the tune of $1,000 annually
conducted in an old converted
barn or a reclaimed family
residence.
Our children in return are
maintaining highly satisfac-
tory achievement records un-
der teachers, we are in
formed, less well paid than
public school instructors.
Nevertheless, we consider
our children extremely for
tunate under these circum-
stances even to having hot
lunches in a cafeteria so
small that they must eat in
shiftS-some after / pm.
In the Catholic schools
where are enrolled the ma
tority of children transferred
from public schools, we con-
slider the opportunity for our
youngsters to obtain educa-
tion in classes of so to 80
each sometimes with two
grades per Sister, is worth
forfeiting the luxury Of
smaller classes, ideal plant
and recreational facilities.
The enlightened among us
are not dazzled by the blind
ing glare Of a veneer which
passes surreptitiously for
educational services at the
expense Of genuine education.
We are insistent upon un-
adulterated knowledge and
perfected skills in prepara-
tion for living in an age Of
automation which tangibles
alone can never guarantee.
jewell r. Mazique.
Evening star., 1961-07-03
Reeves Case

1t was with a sense of deep
regret that many of us who
know Frank Reeves received
the news of his declination Of
appointment to the Commits
sion Board Of District of Co.
lumbia. 1t is unfortunate his
inability to keep current his
payment Of tax assessments
came forth to plague him.
Yet it Is understandable to
many Of us.
AS an eminent lawyer in
volved in the civil rights
cases Of Negro clients, he
never received fees or ex-
penSes commensurate with
the time and work put into
these cases. Night and day
he has been called on to give
legal advice or meet with
groups for which not a cent
was paid. Even in the as
signed court cases involving
school suits, none of our
NAACP lawyers received more
than token remuneration,
Over a million dollars of pub
lie tax money-even Negro
taxes-were paid to lawyers
for the massive resistance"
Two law firms in 1955-1956
each received over 100000 in
fees and expenses while
NAACP lawyers on the win
ming side received in compen-
sation less than $4,000 for
fees and court expenses.
Attorney Reeves has shown
himself to be one of the most
respected and capable lawyers
in all Of his many appear
ances in the courts of Vir-
ginia. His present embarrass-
ment doubtless will be our
gain in the field of pursuance
OF civil rights.
This writer, at the same
time, wants to commend John
Duncan to the attention of
President Kennedy as fully
capable Of serving as Com
missioner. We doubt that tax
problems will plague him
since for many years he has
enjoyed good compensation
as a Salaried employee.
E. B. Henderson.
Evening star., 1961-07-03
Ku Nux KIun IdH

AS a young reporter, to
whom a wad Of copy paper
and a soft copyreader's pen
Gil were comparable with an
emperor's medal and a
queens decoration, I went to
work at about the outset of
two major evils of the twen-
tieS-the Ku Klux Klan and
prohibition.
The Klan was land Isl a
racket for promoters, who
got about seven dollars out of
each ten they took from the
suckers. 1t became politically
powerful and pretty soon,
deluded by its power, was
committing murders, assaults
and intimidation. Gen.
Nathan Bedford Forrest had
disbanded the original Re-
conStruction-era Klan be-
cause it had become a haven
for rascals. If his ghost ever
deigns to look down from
Heaven on earth below, he
knows how right he was . .
and how unchanged things
are. In Indiana the head
KlanSman went to the peni-
tentiary for raping and mur-
dering an innocent girl. In
almost every other State
there were a few murders
and many beatings and
abuses of the due process Of
law.
The nation was sickened
by the excesses and evil Of
the 20s.. There was no Gen.
Nathan Bedford Forrest to
dissolve the Klan because it
had become a haven for ras-
Gals and violence, but it
nonetheless eroded away save
for a few eddies here and
there.
Revival a SideshOw
There was a feeble revi-
val during the thirtieS and
this was, save for a few ex-
amples Of old-time lawless-
ness, merely a sideshow. It
was, in the main, a political
mechanism used in some
states to help out with pur-
chasing departments.
There was an Imperial
Wizard in this period who
was a veterinarian. This
produced the Jest that he was
the first man professionally
prepared to handle the mem
berShip.
Looking back at this sec
ond, more pedestrian period,
l guess my favorite Imperial
Wizard was the Right Hon.
Hiram Evans, known famil-
iarly to all newsmen as "the
Wiz" He was an amiable man
who never went in for vio-
lence. While he spoke pontif-
ically and sonorously about
Evening star., 1961-07-03

sheets. In the Antarctic
alone this is at a rate of
about 233 cubic miles of ice a
year. The ice already reaches
a thickness Of about $4,000
feet in many places.
This progress cannot last
very long until it starts to
overflow the boreal regions
and flow northward and
southward-with the return
of a glacial period which
may well eclipse all the
others.
In the Far South glaciolog-
ical research is being car
ried out under auspices of
the National Science Foun-
dation. 1t includes studies
OF the accumulation and de-
formation of the great ice
shelves extending outward
over the Ross and Weddel
Seas, yearly snow accumula-
tlon and wasteage, and the
thickness of the icecap which
covers the continent.
Many-Sided Program
The entire Antarctic pro-
gram involves many disci-
pl1nes such as observations of
auroras, determinations OF
the altitude and density of
the ionosphere, ways of life
OF Antarctic mammals and
fishes, distribution of Ant
arctic insects, and mapping
OF hitherto unknown areas.
In another phase of work
sponsored by the foundation
metnooS are being DEVELOPED
to date closely the great ice
ages Of the past by means of
atomic isotopes found in the
sediment of ocean bottoms.
The ratio Of two isotopes of
oxygen, for example, changes
notably with air temperature.
1t is included in the shells
OF various marine animals
and indicates the tempera-
ture Of the water in the
epochs when the sediments
containing fragments of these
shells were laid down.
BY means of this kind of
study one foundation in
vestigator has found that the
peak Of the last xterglacial
period was 96.00O years ago,
the previous glaciation hay
ing ended 10000 years earlier.