davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-01-23
Tobriner Indorsed

We read in the press that
Walter Tobriner is being con-
sidered for appointment as
Commissioner Of the District
Of Columbia.
The Elementary Principals
Association feels strongly
that Mr.. Tobriner Is emf
nently qualified to serve all
the citizens Of the Nations
Capital. His depth Of UNDER
standing, perception, warmth
Of personality. loyalty and
dedication to duty and his
tireless and unselfish efforts
on behalf Of the children and
adults Of Washington, have
been amply demonstrated by
his outstanding service as
president Of the Board Of
Education.
We are convinced that the
appointment Of Mr.. Tobriner
as Commissioner would pro-
vide dynamic leadership in
the administration Of the af-
fairs Of our city.
Miriam Kaufman,
Corresponding Secretary.
Elementary Principals
Association Of District
of Columbia.
Evening star., 1961-01-23
sort of resentment or hostility on

sort Of resentment or hostility on
either side Of our common frontier.
It seems appropriate, therefore,
that one OF, Dwight Eisenhower's final
actions in Office was to sit side by side
with Mr.. Diefenbaker for the signing Of
a treaty for joint United States-Cana-
dian development of Columbia River
resources. It is a project that has been
under study and negotiation for more
than decade and holds great promise
in terms Of water storage, flood control
and hydro electric power production.
Costs and benefits will be divided and
among the greatest Of the latter will be
the creation of one more symbol Of a
valued working friendship.
Evening star., 1961-01-23
Navy Hero

We have no way of knowing, of
course, what thoughts crossed the mind
Of Admiral Rickover the other day as
he received the Navy's highest peace
time award-the Distinguished Service
Medal-for his "untiring and relentless
efforts" in the development of nuclear
propulsion.
But one may be sure he did not over
look the irony of the fact that this is
the same Navy In which he forever has
been a man apart, lone seawolf, so to
speak, whose relations with some of his
superiors have been distinguished by
mutual disdain and suspicion. He might
well have recalled the past efforts of
Navy regulars to force his retirement,
the blocks to his promotions, the per-
Sonal Sights and the lack of official
enthusiasm for his programs. Admiral
Rickover, as the father Of the atomic
submarine" has received in recent years
all the honor and recognition one man
could desire, but 1t has come largely
from the intervention and interest of
Congress, and little indeed from his own
branch Of service.
SO now we are led to believe that the
Navy has come full circle, that six years
after the first success of the U. S. S.
Nautilus the Navy finally is taking the
Admiral to its bosom. Perhaps we are
overly-skeptical, but the past speaks
with loud voice, and we will take this
turnabout with grain of salt pending
future developments in this strange
story
Evening star., 1961-01-23

stream. being almost dry ex-
cept during rainy seasons.
when it becomes a swift
river.
@. Who invented the UNI
brella? Il. P.
A. Nobody knows. It orig
mated as q protection against
the sun, in hot, sunny cli-
mates. and was one Of the
insignia of royalty and privi-
lege. Sculptured remains Of
ancient Nineveh and Egypt
show kings and other poten-
tates walking in professions.
umbrellas held over their
heads by slaves. The name
Is from the Latin word UNI
bra, shade. The canopies Of
thrones and pulpits have a
related origin and symbol
ism The umbrella was used
in Europe as a protection
against rain by the early
1700s.
Evening star., 1961-01-23
Model for All Mankind

Canada's Prime Minister Diefen-
baker made an accurate and happy
choice of words at the White House the
other day when he described the rela-
tionship between Canada and the
United States as a model for all man
kind. It has indeed been so-culturally,
politically and economically-through-
out joint history Of peace and respect.
Where and when there have been
irritations, and there are some even
now, they have never gone far enough
below the surface to create malignant
Evening star., 1961-01-23
Will Cold War Thuw in Honeymoon?
Foreign Correspondent Of The stor

the kremlln'S oeCermlna.
ton to look on the bright
side Of things leads some OBJ
servers in Europe to believe
that more than simple for
mality may be involved. Mr..
Khrushchev's haste in calling
in United States Ambassador
Llewellyn Thompson for a
two-hour chat Saturday has
increased the speculation that
warm words may be followed
by more substantial tokens
of Russian esteem in the near
future.
It is known, of course, that
Mr.. Khrushchev is anxious
for a personal meeting with
the new President as soon as
it can be arranged. But short
Of this there will be no lack
of opportunities to test the
validity and sincerity Of any
new Russian spirit.
Some Of these tests were
mentioned by Mr.. Kennedy
himself in his inaugural ad-
dress. The resumption Of
nIclear test talks in Geneva
will show whether Mr..
Khrushchev's "businesslike
cooperation" extends to
such practical matters as
completing the final articles
of the treaty that both sides
claim is vital so far. at least,
the Russian leader has given
no sign Of abandoning his
demands for universal dis
armament or his violent OBJ
jections to any realistic sys-
TEN Of control.
LdOS 40 OPpOItuAitJ
Even before this, however,
the crisis in Laos offers Mr..
Khrushchev q golden oppor-
tunity to demonstrate his
good intentions in a prac-
tical way. If ever the situa-
ton called for peaceful ne
gotiation" to prevent q po-
tentially disastrous conflict
of great power interests. it
Is the struggle being waged
between Communist hacked
forces Of Pathet Lao and
pro-Western government Of
Prince Boun Gum. The
chances for holding such
negotiation depends at this
point directly on Mr.. Khru-
shchev's answer to the Brit
ish request for the return to
Laos Of the international con-
troll commission to arrange
for a cease-fire and lay the
groundwork for q political
settlement.
Mr.. Khrushchev's answer
to this urgent Western pro-
posal could well determine
how long the present honey
moon is destined to last, and
whether a real new begin
ming in the sorry history Of
East-West relations is in the
cards.
Evening star., 1961-01-23
Integrotion Debate

Harvey M. Hewitt, COM
menting on Bruce Cations
THE Needless War" suggests
there is q lesson for US today
in the explosive desegrega-
ton ISSUE" Mr.. Hewitt thinks
that II we debate the issue
long enough "a middle ground
might be reached acceptable
to everyone"
In his story Of the actions
Of the hot-heads defending
the States right to hold and
traffic in human slavery,
Mr.. Cation suggested that a
compromise might have been
reached and saved US the
destructive Civil War. But
greater minds than ours
realize that a compromise on
the issue Of freedom and
liberty of the individual is
doomed. So. today. in light
Of what is happening all over
the world Segregation" in
the United States, as in South
Africa, must end and end
uncompromisingly If we are
to avoid the fate of losing
our prestige and strength as
a nation striving for peace.
Thomas jefferson saw the
results Of temporizing with
this evil. The Declaration Of
Independence which jefferson
first wrote included con-
demnation Of slavery but
because Of the opposition Of
southerners who trafficked
in slavery. he was forced to
eliminate this section. Never
theless on the walls Of his
monument in Washington,
DC. are these words: God
who gave US life gave us
liberty. Can the liberties Of
a nation be secure when we
Evening star., 1961-01-23
Taking Over a Winner

Victory is sweet, but it doesn't mean
that the career workers In a political
party can sleep or relax.
This Is why the Democratic National
Committee has chosen a competent
full-time professional political manager,
John M. Bailey Of Connecticut, as its
new chairman. Mr.. Bailey, at 56, has
good credentials for his Job. Since 1947,
he has headed the party organization
IN the Nutmeg State and from 1854
there have been only scattered setbacks
to his determined efforts to keep the
State predominantly Democratic. Along
with Governor Ribicoff, now in Presi-
dent Kennedy'S cabinet, MIR. Bailey was
an early supporter Of his Massachusetts,
neighbor for the 1860 presidential nom
nation. On November the Democratic
ticket picked up approximately 81 per
cent Of the States vote.
Not inconsequential to the new
chairman are two facts: One, that four
teen years as State party chieftain have
brought him wide acquaintance among
Democratic leaders nationally and, two,
to use his own words, II came up from
the precincts myself. The workers at
that level know they can talk to me.
I've had all their problems myself"
At this point, these qualifications
at the two extremes Of local and national
activity will be of more than average
usefulness. For party returning to
power after eight years, wise exercise
Of patronage privileges from top to
bottom can have important bearing on
how things go in 1862 and 1864. Holding
"a out Of the so governorships, the Dem
ocratic party has potential advantage
in at least that many States. At the
same time, the reduced margins by
which the Democrats retained control
Of both branches Of Congress-even
while winning the presidency-make 1t
evident that good organization work at
the grass roots level may be particularly
essential II the party is to avoid further
losses in 1862. West Of the Mississippi,
the Kennedy johnson showing was not
Impressive, least Of all in the Farm
States.
Still, Mr.. Bailey starts his national
career at the top-with winner. The
first challenge to him Is to see that his
party is still winner in 1862.
Evening star., 1961-01-23
CHALLENGES White

We do not question Will
liam Whites right to freedom
of the press. but we do be-
lieve his continuing state
ments against changes in the
rules of the Senate and
criticism Of Senate liberals,
especially Senator Douglas
and Senator Clark. should
not 60 unchallenged.
In his paen Of praise for
Senator Mansfield and Sena-
tor Dirksen Mr.. White writes.
THE rules committee will
make an Unconditional and
orderly examination Of the
immensely complicated busi-
ness. In due time there will
be recommendation back to
the Senate for moderate. and
reasonable reforms :"
Surely Mr.. White Is not so
naive as to believe that there
is q better chance Of a "rea-
sonable reform" when 1t will
now require a two-thirds
vote for change in the Sem
ate, when under the ruling
of Vice President Nixon It
would have taken only q ma
jority vote.
The Senate knows its busi-
ness. The fight to change the
rules was lost by only four
votes-a switch Of two votes,
which could easily have been
secured by help from either
johnson or Kennedy, would
have won the fight, for Vice
President Nixon would have
broken the tie.
Those Of US who keep
closely in touch with what
goes on on Capitol Hill. know
that the vote was lost because
the top leadership in the
Democratic and Republican
Parties did not and do not
want q change. That Is the
first reason. The second Is
because the new Senator'S
were threatened, as they al
ways are, by the leadership
and the senior Senators that
q vote against the majority
leader would make 1t very
difficult to secure desired
committee assignments and
special aid back home.
Overall is the shocking
disregard Of Mr.. White
and the party leaders for
the party platforms which
specifically pledged support
for a change in the Senate
where filibuster can hold up
important and necessary leg
islation as it did last year for
weeks on the civil rights bill.
Wistfully we hope that the
Kennedy brothers. through
executive action, may speed
up integration and imple-
ment the Supreme Courts
ruling but realistically we
know that 1t is a Job for
Congress and the opportuni-
ty has been lost. we fear, for
at least four years. Mr..
White is among those re-
sponsible. .
Mrs. A. Powell Davies,
President, Unitarian Fellow
ship for Social Justice.
Evening star., 1961-01-23
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Navy Tests Underseo FueIing Station
By THOMAS r. HENRY

ter means Of detecting and
neutralizing enemy mines,
sneak craft and submarines.
and development Of i'm
proved communications and
navigation systems.
The tower consists Of o
platform containing an in
strument house. supported by
a steel pipe structure SINH
lar to an oil derrick. It is
fastened to the sea floor by
pins driven 63 feet into the
bottom through each Of its
hollow pipe legs.
The mean low tide mark
on the tower Is 56 feet from
the sea floor and the main
deck Is 81 feet above this
level. This deck is a 22-foot
square slab Of concrete whic
supports an instrum n t
house. The flat roof of this
structure forms an upper
deck upon which are installed
electrical tranformers, and
meteorological instruments.
Has Many Features
Just below the main deck
there is q catwalk around
all four sides Of the tower
for handling equipment. The
instrument house is equipped
with recorders. instrument
racks and q fresh water
supply. instruments are
lowered through a trap door
to the center of the house
floor to permit collection Of
water samples at any depth
to the bottom. A diving bell
also operates inside the tower
framework.
Instrument elevators can
be lowered to the bottom on
vertical railway tracks by
means Of a hydraulic winch
system. Various sensing
instruments are attached to
the elevators. with electrical
leads from the instruments
to recorders in the deck
house.
The tower is considered
about the last word in
oceanographic research. Re-
cent uses have been measure
ments Of internal waves"
and Photographic studies Of
underwater turbulence.
Evening star., 1961-01-23
u. S. Tourist Mecca?

I would like to outline a
plan to promote tourism to
the United States which
might reduce the dollar
shortage and enhance our
relations with other peoples.
Promotion and financing
should be co-ordinated by q
Federal agency established
for this purpose.
Europeans are great travel
ers. Proof? Any tourist at
traction in season. You'll see
them at Versailles, the Vati.
can. the Tower Of London.
Majorca. We should get much
Of this loose money. Why
don't more Of them come
here? Time. price. not enough
promotion and too much red
tape.
Participants who stand to
profit include travel agencies
here and abroad; transporta-
ton companies (inter and in
ira nationaD: hotels, motels,
restaurants and their trade
associations; tourist attrac-
tions; chambers Of commerce
and boards Of trade. They
should be encouraged to ad-
vertise their services at their
own expense, both individual
ly and comparatively. We, as
q Nation. should buy space
adroitly where it will do us
the most good. There should
be outdoor advertising on
buses and kiosks: ads should
be taken In publications that
will cooperate by printing
articles on Travel u. 8. A."
and similar themes and the
usual brochures and pamph-
lets.
The duration Of the holi-
day should be stressed, as In
the l7-day excursions now
being featured by our air.
lines.
One Of the important
points In the overall picture
would be to streamline the
granting Of visitors visas -
streamlining such as has
been done in our passport
office here In Washington.
Prices should be as low as
possible. Surface vessels must
be included. although air
lines will be the popular
m cans Of transportation.
There should be excursion
fare plans and all expense
tours. Special efforts should
be made to contact trade
groups. student bodies. sports
enthusiasts. etc. for charter
flights which will further re-
duce costs.
Key cities here should or
ganize Meet the Americans"
groups. similar to the scheme
used in Denmark. for obvious
reasons.
Edward B. Ransohoff.
Evening star., 1961-01-23
Aid for Aqed

The item in your paper Of
January IL, under the cap
ton. Federal Help Sought to
Ease Plight Of Aged" by
your Bernard Gwertzam, is,
I believe, a very worthy con-
tribution to the serious plight
that has faced our citizens
from the ages Of 10 to IS, and
has now developed to a point
that our Government should
take over.
Most certainly public opin-
ion is in favor of such inter-
vention, and it Is hoped that
our new administration will
treat this lamentable situa-
ton with more consideration
and kindness than it has re-
ceived during the past few
years. Over Sixty-Five.
Evening star., 1961-01-23

FA1I40.-4CS rdrS lot an
American President to get
such a sendoff. Today Presi-
dent Kennedy's new admins
tration is bathed in q honey.
moon glow that spreads all
the way from Washington to
Moscow.
The President certainly will
have little time to bask in its
gentle light. The question
many people now ask them
selves is whether the interval
of optimism and international
goodwill may result in some
tangible progress toward solv-
ing critical problems.
Soviet Premier Khrushchev.
for one, seems anxious to
give the impression that this
Is the case. Over the week
end. radio Moscow has been
burbling brightly about the
prospects for an era Of
friendly cooperation with
the new American Govern
ment. Warm messages Of
congratulation and hope from
Mr.. Khrushchev and other
iron curtain leaders have been
given prominent display.
Red China Critical
The Russian reaction, incl
dentally, is in striking contrast
to the mood in Red China.
While Pravda was grinding
out compliments for the new
administration, Peking's
China Youth Daily was de-
nouncing Mr.. Kennedy as q
millionaire covered with the
sinking smell Of copper" and
his cabinet as a troop of "buf-
foons." The paper confidently
predicted that the new Presi-
dent would "of course try his
best to carry out military
expansion against the Com.
nlunists."
Even the Soviet leader Is
perhaps somewhat less en-
thusiastic about passages Of
Mr.. Kennedy's inaugural ad-
dress than he would like to
appear. Pravda's editors found
it prudent to stress those
parts Of the speech dealing
with the need for world peace
and negotiation Of disputes
while ignoring other sections
altogether.
Thus there was no mention
Of what Mr.. Kennedy had to
say on the need for increasing
military strength in order to
insure the survival of the
free world. His warning that
over ambitious n neutralist
leaders might wind up on the
inside Of the tiger was passed
over in discreet silence, as
was his pledge that the West
ern Hemisphere intends to
remain master In its own
house.
Evening star., 1961-01-23
Farewell Salute

I. for one, will never for
get Americas greatest liv-
ing son. Dwight D. Eisenhow-
er. AS a teacher and student
OF history. I place him in the
company Of Washington and
Lincoln. Oh. how that 22nd
Amendment hurts. especially
when I read Of Frank Sinatra
and his crowd so close to the
White House! When I look
upon the fourth Of my five
sons who bears the name Of
Dwight. I reaffirm my faith
in America and thank God
that his namesake was q part
Of our lives.
Charles d. Zigle.
Gainesville, Va.
Evening star., 1961-01-23
DHIos Free

In releasing Milovan Djilas from
prison, President Tito's government
seems to be making partial amends for
having wronged patriotic Yugoslav
whose only crime has been to champion
freedom against the forces Of tyranny.
This he has done, apart from his dis
tinguished career as an underground
fighter against the Nazis, in eloquent
writings condemning such things as (1)
the Kremlin's brutal suppression Of
Hungarys Communist revolt and
(2) the stupidity, greed and oppressive
ness Of the Red totalitarians, whom he
has scathingly denounced for violating
all the ideals" enunciated by Marx and
for being interested only in building
up their own power and wealth through
acts designed to strengthen their brute
force and pillage the people"
Because Of these courageously out
spoken views Mr.. Djilas, one Of Marshal
Tito's closest associates in establishing
Yugoslavia's maverick brand Of COM
munism, has spent the past four years
In dismal cell. But now the Belgrade
regime-possibly out Of desire to ease
guilty conscience or make. a good
propagandistic impression in the
Western world-has let him return to
his home on probation" for the re-
mainder Of his nine-year prison SEN
tence. In his first interview since being
released, he has indicated that he still
adheres to the substance Of his anti
Red criticism. Nevertheless, even though
he thus has refused to recant or confess
theological sins, he has been set free
fact that may have considerable
significance as promise Of "liberaliza-
ton" in the Yugoslav Communist
system.
Evening star., 1961-01-23
MoryIond's Finances

A couple Of years ago,
Governor-el Tawes said
that Maryland had a $50
million surplus. This surplus
developed because Of the
drastic increases Of sales tax
and income tax under the
preceding McKeldin admin
iStration.
Now, he says that he wants
an increase In Maryland State
taxes. Where did the $50
million surplus go? Why does
a politician have to start
dreaming up new ways to
spend money and raise taxes
as soon as he gets into pub
lie office?
Courtland ID. Ferguson.
Evening star., 1961-01-23

Gas stations on the floor
Of the sea now are in the
books.
Testing has Just begun,
It Is announced by the Office
Of Naval Research. Of an
undersea liquid storage
system that may be the fore
runner Of many such sea
floor fueling stations all over
the world.
The prototype unit. a
$4,000 gallon-or 1900 barrel
rubber container was sub
merged in about 50 feet Of
water on the Gulf seabed.
While this container is the
largest ever built. 1t will be
only q segment Of the even
tual system of inter-con-
nected containers that will be
in the range Of $4,000 barrel
capacity.
These future underwater
warehouses" says the report.
would hold more than q
million gallons Of fuel,
enough to supply several de-
stroyers and smaller vessels.
The present unit, when filled.
is 20 feet in width and 68
feet long. It is held on the
ocean floor by a tubular
steel frame and q nylon
harness.
1T could be used for stor-
age Of gasoline. lubricating
oil, crude oil at offshore oil
operations. and possible fresh
water and other liquids"
Research Tower Erected
A unique oceanographic re-
search tower has been erected
by the Navy on the sea floor
about a mile offshore from
San Diego.
The structure Is about 80
feet high. The main deck"
is q feet above high-tide
mark. This research tower
is designed for all sorts Of
shallow water investigations.
Set up under the auspices Of
the Navy Electronics Labora-
tory. it is proving extremely
useful for meteorological,
sea surface. water tempera-
ture, biological and acoustic
cal studies. knowledge de-
rived from these studies Is
being applied to devising bet
Evening star., 1961-01-23
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry writers' correct
names and addresses. All let
ters are subject to condensG-
tion. Those not used iDtll be
returned only ,nhen accom-
panied BY self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.