davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-05-15
School Aid

Read the Constitution Of
the United States. and you
will not find reference to
schools or education. The
Constitution iSsa q document
Of Government, not q docu-
ment or plan for social con-
siderations. 1t sets forth ex-
plicitly and clearly the fields
for Federal Government ac-
ton and just as explicitly
enunciates the limits beyond
which the Federal Govern
ment cannot go.
The added Amendments to
the Constitution do not
change the Constitution, but
are additions Of advisable
provisions needed to facili-
tate the administration Of
the provisions Of the ConSti-
tuition. The Amendments
clarity and enunciate the
duties Of those who are au-
thorized to carry out and
administer the provisions of
the Constitution. They are to
clarity and to forestall erro-
neous interpretations of con-
troversial subjects Of . per-
Sonal nature. The Amend
mentS add necessary regula-
tory provisions to implement
the provisions Of the Con-
stitution and aid the elected
and appointed officials to
,administrate their duties
more perfectly In accordance
with the provisions of the
Constitution. ...-.
The First Amendment pro-
hibitS any laws in reference
to religion and freedom Of
worship.
The Tenth Amendment re-
serves once and forever all
powers not reserved to the
Federal Government in the
Constitution to the States,
respectively, or to the people.
Hence, since the Consti-
tuition does not mention edu-
cation or schools, public or
private, the entire field Of
education which includes
schools is the responsibility
Of the States, respectively, or
the people Of the States.
Therefore, it is unconstitu-
tional for the Federal Gov
ernment to enact any law af-
fecting schools, which must
include both public and pri-
vate schools.
FreSIoenC henneoy Is right
IN his contention that Fed
eral funds to private schools
Is unconstitutional. He is
wrong in his contention that
the Federal Government can
legally appropriate Federal
funds for public schools and
public school teachers.
Hence, the bill under con-
sideration in the Congress
is unconstitunal, and
should net be up for consid-
Grafton, much less for q vote.
George II. Burke.
Evening star., 1961-05-15

Division, and even the Police
Department. Each call re-
suited in numerous transfers,
none Of which put me in
touch with anyone who
would handle my complaint.
So, I have reached the
conclusion that rats have dip
lomatic immunity in the Dis
trict Of Columbia.
Marietta Waite.
Evening star., 1961-05-15

the burner, ne was able to
stop the fall within about
20 seconds.
The balloon is about 40
feet in diameter, has a ca
pacity of 10000 cubic feet,
and can carry a 60O-pound
load to a height of $4,000
feet. 1t can be used over and
over again. The cost of op-
Grafton is only about a dol
lar an hour. Steering is pos
Sible to some degree.
Research work still is in
its early stages, days the re-
port. There is a possibility of
a 3 million cubic foot bal
loon capable of lifting from
is to 20 tons-obviously a
great advantage for military
transport and supply opera
tionS.
Million-gallon gas tanks at
the bottom of the sea now
are contemplated by the
Navy.
Their locations will be
strictly secret. They even
tually may constitute a
nearly worldwide emergency
fuel system for fleet ships in
emergencies. A prototype, a
50,000-gallon flexible rubber
tank, kept submerged on the
floor of the Gulf of Mexico
for six months, and has been
pulled UP and towed to the
Houston Navy Yard for in
spection and evaluation.
At present the only way
OF refueling Navy craft at sea
is by use of special refueling
ships.
The experimental tank was
submerged in the gulf to a
depth of about So feet. It
was 20 feet wide and 68 feet
long and was fixed to the
sea bottom by a tubular steel
frame and a nylon harness.
The tank was built especially
for the Navy by United
States Rubber Co.
Underwater Fuel Caches
But, says the report. this
is regarded as only a seq
ment of a proposed undersea
fuel system capable of serv-
ing as a hidden emergency
cache for fleet ships, each
holding sufficient fuel to
service several deStrcyers and
smaller craft.
If evaluation and testing
prove such an underwater
storage system to be feasi-
BILE, the concept may be
adopted for refueling sta
tions in strategic ocean areas
for fleet ships, submarines
and aircraft. The undersea
containers could also be used .
for the storage of lubricating
oil, crude oil at off-shore pc
troleum operations and pos
sibly fresh water and ether
liquids"
Evening star., 1961-05-15
Missiles and Labor

Inc Senate'S permanent
Investigation Subcommittee
headed by Sen. John L. Nc
Clellan ID. ArkO uncovered
many scandalous abuses by
labor in connection with
work performed at various
missile installations and
their harassing effects upon
vital aspects of our missile
program.
Undisputed figures have
revealed the occurrence Of
327 strikes at % missile bases
during the last Az years,
resulting in a loss of 162,872
man days Of work; one-third
Of which occurred at Cape
Canaveral. These fantastic
slowdowns and unbelievable
work stoppages were called
for trivial reasons as an ex-
cuse to retard projects vital
to our national security in
order that workers might
collect overtime while meet
ing headlines. A worker
caught sleeping on the job
and fired triggered at least
one strike. G. B. MacNabb,
operating manager at Cape
Canaveral for Convair, says
that he witnessed the worst
work productivity in his IS
years Of work with missiles
and related fields, that the
workers produced at 40 per
cent Of their normal work
output and that work slow
downs and Government and
management mistakes slowed
our man-in-space program
by six months.
Workers attempted to take
down and reassemble the
manifold Of a Titan missile
which had been correctly as
sembled and sealed at the
factory. Fortunately, this
procrastination was pre-
vented by paying" the work.
ers for the amount Of time
it would have taken them
had they performed this
work. Electricians insisted
upon making electrical con-
nections on the job which
would and should have been
done at the factory in one
tenth the time. Situations Of
this sort caused Ewell H.
Hodges, former Air Force
contract officer, to quit out
Of disgust.
The startling thing about
these scandalous abuses is
not that weekly salaries were
enriched by overtime pay, but
the loss of six months in
our man-in-space program
and other programs at a
time when we are reported
to be years b hind the
Russians.
Com m der Shepard's
magnificent flight into space
is something all America
takes pride in, but wouldn't
it have been wonderful If we
had been first by six months,
a month or even a day? We
must not cry over wasted
time but then again we can't
afford to let this type of
tragedy reoccur. There will
be other firsts. Let US be
first.
Can we tolerate price fix
ing in such a way by either
labor or management Why
did the Government tolerate
these utterly scandalous
abuses? Do similar abuses by
labor occur in other segmentS
of our national life? But
more important now, will
similar practices prevent or
delay our surprising the Rus
slams? James X. Martin.
Evening star., 1961-05-15

the technical intricacieS and the jargon
of planning. We think she will give
meaning to the refreshing vigor of her
initial reaction to the job-that plan
ming should concern itself firmly with
the beauty of Washington, Ito make
it a nice place to live, as well as one
to get in and out Of"
Evening star., 1961-05-15
WATCHING THE WORLD
Only the Top Delegates Are Busy
By CROSBY S. NOYE
Foreign Correspondent Of The Stor

signed while they were in the
air. Since then the some
what bewildered group has
been wandering around town
explaining that it has no in
formation or instructions on
what to do next.
At one point a reporter
asked a Laotian delegate how
much Of the country was still
controlled by government
forces.
"All of it," the delegate
replied promptly. 1--WE con-
troll all of the provinces. And
if it weren't for outside in
reference from the Wet
Mini we would control even
more"
Rough Times Ahead
Unfortunately, there is also
a feeling that this slap-happy
state of disorganization is not
likely to. last forever. Diplo-
mats being what they are, it
seems probable that sooner or
later some acceptable formula
for opening the conference
will be found. And when that
happens all indications are
that the West-and most par
ticularly the United States
is IN for a very rough time
indeed.
A mild foretaste Of what
is to come was served UP to
reporters Saturday night in
the course of a well-attended
session at the villa of the
Chinese Communist delega-
tion. The Swiss so far have
kept a kind of lid on things
by ruling out organized
press conferences in public
buildings until the meeting
is formally opened. But this
has not prevented the Chi
neSe from moving briskly
into the limelight as the
main champions of the Com
muniSt cause in Laos and the
main antagonists of the
United States.
In fact, the general pat
tern Of the conference seems
to have jelled even before
the first session has been
held. The British and the
Russians, acting in their role
as co-chairmen, are being
flexible" to a point that at
times has worried their close
allies. The Chinese and
Americans are calling the
propaganda shots and ap-
parently will carry the main
burden Of argument in trying
to reach agreement on terms
and guarantees of neutral
and independent Laos" The
rest of the IA nations fall
somewhere in between these
poles, depending on their
political leanings and stra-
tegic interests.
If and when the conference
finally starts and this fan
tastic Babel succeeds in pro-
ducing a coherent and last
ing solution of the Laotian
problem it will rate as some
thing Of a miracle. But
since the price Of failure
quite likely would be a major
war in Southeast Asia,
patience here in Geneva is
still very much the order of
the day.
Evening star., 1961-05-15
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDriterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
ters are subject to condenSd-
tton. Those not used tOill be
returned only snhen accom-
painted BY self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-05-15
GENEVA.

GENEVA.
It may be because of beau
tiful weather or the fact that
Geneva Is a remarkably
pleasant place to sit in the
sun and watch the world 60
by. In any event, there seems
to be a terrific lack of ur-
gency in getting this inter-
national conference on Laos
off the ground. The only
people who are really doing
any serious work at this stage
are the top leaders. Secretary
Of State Rusk, Soviet Foreign
Minister Andrei Gromyko,
British Foreign Secretary
Lord Home and French
Foreign Minister Maurice
Couve de Murville have spent
an unrestful week end scut-
ting around town conferring
frantically on the question of
who should represent Laos
at the meeting. The rest of
the people here, on their. re-
turn from astronomical pill
grimages to nearby resorts,
were not too surprised to
learn that the leaders had got
nowhere.
In the midst of the zany
confusion that reignS here,
no one can say with any as
surance when the conference
will open or who will be on
hand when 1t does. OF the IA
nations supposed to be taking
part in the meeting, a num-
ber have yet to be definitely
located. No one of the West
ern side, for instance, seems
to have seen a representative
of the prot Communist Pathet
Lao in town, though letters
from their delegation" have
been received by the British
and Russian co-chairmen of
the conference. So far as the
British are concerned, the
That's have not yet arrived.
But Americans report that
they are playing a major role
in the pre-conference maneu-
vering.,
Await Laos Report
One Of the problems, OF
course. is that what happens
in Geneva depends on events
taking place half way around
the world in an area where
communications are notori-
ously slow. No one pretends
to know what progress II
any is being made in the
political talks between the
contending political factions
in Laos.
Last night there were re-
ports that the delegation from
South Wet Nam had decided
to stay home, while Cambo-
dia's Prince Norodom Shan
ouk was variously rumored tc
be on his way to Geneva
and calling for another con.
ference to take place imme.
diately in his capital al
Phnom PENN.
Even when they get here
delegations are not always ir
position to shed much light or
their governments positions
The royal Lao delegation
arrived Saturday complain.
ing loudly about violation,
Of the truce in Laos by Com
munists, unaware that a firm
cease-fire agreement had beer
Evening star., 1961-05-15
VISTAS IN SCIENCE.
Hot-AI Balloon Again Found Useful
BY THOMAS r. HENRI

The old county fair hot-air
balloon - familiar sight in
the childhood Of folks now
over the half century mark
is being revived by the Navy
for experimental and possible
military use.
1t has been made steerable
and can be moved up and
down at the balloonist's will.
In the old days all he could
do was Jump out with a
parachute. once his craft had
left the ground. 1t is really
turning the clock back al
most 200 years, according to
an Office of Naval Research
report on developments being
carried out for the Navy by
Raven Industries of Sioux
Falls, s. Oak. Such a balloon
, recently was plloted nearly
two miles high.
Of Great Flexibility
The chief advantages Of
this kind Of a space craft"
according to the Navy, are
economy of operation, great
load capacity and great flex-
ibility in ascending and de-
scending without the use of
ballast, Throwing out ballast
was the only means of con-
troll for the old balloonist.
Although heating the air
inside the balloon before it
left the ground was the origi-
nal method to provide lift,
this suffered from severe
restrictions. The air inside
the balloon had to be kept
hot. AS. soon as it cooled
there was bound to be q
crash. The heating was usu-
ally provided by a bonfire
on the fair grounds.
Now large burner is used
to provide initial initiation on
the ground. After this a
portable burner fed from
propane gas tanks is carried
inside the mouth of the bal
loon. This is kept burning.
and turning it up or down
controls ascent and descent,
in the manner Of an ele-
>vator. A high flame sends
the craft upward. A lower
one levels it off, slows the
ascent, or brings 1t to. the
ground. The parachute can
be left behind. The wer
section is fireproofed with
glass cloth.
The research work is under
the direction of Edward Yost
who has acted as pilot in the
experimental flights. He is
suspended in a swing-seat
with a back rest, his feet
resting on q trapeze bar.
When he was rising in a re-
cent flight at a rate of 1000
feet minute he turned down
his burner to come down at
a rate Of about 900 feet q
minute. Then. by turning up
Evening star., 1961-05-15
Hilltop Cottoqe'

Lila ID. SOnnemal
Evening star., 1961-01-08
D. c. STUDIOS

BY BONNIE AIKMAN
Our first Tv birthday personality
Of 1860, who celebrated that event
just two days ago. appropriately
doubles as little Mr.. New Year. And
we admit. the blond and curly headed
babe to right couldn't look the part
more. Today, he's bit taller and
darker and wears horn-rimmed
glasses. Mr.. G. scores as host on a
Saturday afternoon sports show as
well as being a reliable alternate on
his channels sports and weather
news programs. He's only been
around our town since March, but
his face and voice (he puts In
number Of disk jockey hours on
radio) should be readily familiar to
Washingtonians.
ANOTHER FAVORITE. We've
been getting fan mail from Bob
Kelly enthusiasts, so here are few
pertinent facts about Channel 9'S
nanQSOuc yOUIlS ULOdOCoStCA. 4AS
came to Washington from New York
in November of 1859. liked it and
stayed. Before that. he broadcast
the Greenbay Packers games in Wis
consin and did wartime stint with
the Marine Corps. His hobby Is col
lecting guns Bob'S most recent &C
complishment at WTOP-9 is his new
weekday Sports Time show, which
premiered last Monday. We saved
the sad news-to some viewerS-for
last Mr.. Kelly is a married man.
y =
SPEAKING OF SPORTS. Channel
9's most recent treat for this sports
minded community is its decision to
carry eight Atlantic Coast conference
Evening star., 1961-01-08

THAT MYSTERY. This weeks
birthday personality is genial Steve
Gilmartin, host of Channel rs Bowl
the Champ. He joined the broad
casting world five years ago as
summertime job between semesters
at Boston University. Steve Is
married and has a 2-year-old -
Stephanie.
Evening star., 1961-03-22

caused by the city's present le-
gal requirements on street clos
ings.
This legislation, proposed by
the Redevelopment Land Agen-
cy and the city governments
Urban Renewal Office, would
apply only to areas approved
for urban renewal.
The bill would eliminate
such current requirements as
the street closing advertise
ments before and after a pub
lie hearing.
This legal process, however,
would be dropped only in areas
where there is written consent
to the street closing from the
owners Of any abutting prop
erty.
Officials estimated that the
provisions in the proposed bill
would save redevelopment Of
ificials a minimum Of six
SweekS in some cases.
Evening star., 1961-03-22
Chalk Protest Raises
Tronsits Aid Borriier

by cars unless the Federal Gov
ernment steps in with money
to help build such rapid trans
portation systems as the one
proposed for the Washington
area. .
But Mr.. Chalk, president Of
D.. C. Transit System. said the
bill offered no help for private
operators like himself and, II
enacted, eventually would lead
to public ownership Of all trans
portation systems.
"This will be so," Mr.. Chalk
contended, because the bill ere
quires that all such new Grams
portation) equipment and facil-
ities purchased with funds loan.
led by the Federal Government
Evening star., 1961-03-22

more we see certain dangers in
the idea," Mr.. williams said.
How are we going to pick and
choose and establish priorities"
among the private transporta-
ton companies? The situation
is further complicated by the
public utility aspect. We're bor-
rowing a bundle. Of problems
the extent Of which we don't
know. Why complicate it with
the unknown"
Harland Bartholomew. acting
president of the American
Planning Civic Association and
former chairman of the Ma
tional Capital Planning Com
mission, yesterday said he toe
was doubtful" about Mr.
Chalk's proposal. He Endorsed
the bill as introduced.
However, Mr.. Chalk's criti-
cism Of the Williams bill al
ready has gained the sympathy
Of Senator Capehart. ranking
Evening star., 1961-03-22

will have to be publicly owned
/. Public ownership Of all
large transit systems would rep
resent o tragic surrender Of
private enterprise. Once public
ownership takes over the trans
portation industry. its contagi-
Gus. effects will spread to many
other related industries"
He suggested amending the
bill sponsored by Senator VIII
liams, Democrat Of New. Jersey,
to provide Federal guarantees
for loans made by banks and
others to private transportation
systems. Also, he said the bill
should provide Federal grants
for private companies carrying
out transportation experiments.
Senator Williams at the
Senate Housing Subcommittee
hearing yesterday on the trans
portation bill indicated he will
not accept Mr.. Chalk's prop
oSal.
"The more we look at it, the
Evening star., 1961-03-22
By GEORGE WILSON
Star staff Writer

The bill to provide Federal
aid for city transportation sys-
TENS underwent its final day Of,
Senate hearings today with the
protest made by o. Roy Chalk
looming as q major obstacle to
enactment. -....
The measure would give and
loan money to Metropolitan
areas which worked out COM
prehensive mass transportation
plans. The Federal grants un-
der the bill would amount to
$75 million and the loans tc
$3.50 million.
, Backers of the bill contend
cities will be choked to death
Evening star., 1961-03-22

Barrymore. II guess I know
her best in a supporting
role"
HONOR: When French
author Anatole France re-
ceived the coveted Cross Of
the Legion of Honor, he was
still a poor man, having
earned little from the sale
of his books.
His friends were bitter
about the award. o..
why didn't they give yoti
a cash prize?" protested one
of them. This serves no use
full purpose" s.
"Oh, I wouldn't say that"
said France, more philosoph-
ical. When I wear the sash,
it will cover the stains on
my jacket. That's useful"
Evening star., 1961-03-22

Republican Of the Senate
Banking and Currency Com
mittee which will shape the
measure before sending 1t to
the floor for q vote. So the
Chalk protest plus the tradi-
tional states rights" argu-
ments against Federal aid to
cities may derail the mass
transportation bill.
Evening star., 1961-03-22
FAMOUS FABLES
By E. E. EDGAR

SUPPORT: During g his
early years on the stage,
actor John Barrymore re-
ceived constant financial aid
from his sister Ethel, who
was an established star.
Once, when John had been
engaged to appear in a new
show, he learned that the
producer was looking for an
actress to play one of the
minor parts. John suggested
his sister.
. your sister!" scoffed the
producer. Don't be absurd.
She only plays leads"
"Oh yes, I forgot" said
Evening star., 1961-03-22
Urban Renewal
Speedup Backed

A move to speed up the Dis
trict's urban renewal projects
was indorsed yesterday by the
Commissioners.
The Commissioners approved
submission of a draft bill that
would cut back on delay
Evening star., 1961-03-22

Fill your garden with the love.
iness Of our high quality glsds!
They bear fragrant blooms in
80 to 90 days, grow to 2 or 2ls.
#. high. In reds. pinks, yenows
and puppies. Pick out yours to.
day: ready for planting.
Evening star., 1961-03-22

Famous Cross Country evergeens add
look of luxuriant landscaping loneliness
to your and garden. Surround your home
with their rich green beauty. Get all
your gardening and landscaping needs at
Sears!
Evening star., 1961-03-22

Store Hours Mondays Thursdays and Fridays 10 Tues
days, Wednesdays and Saturdays to g. Free Parkng
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1961-02-09
ACCIDENT

A Citizens meeting Of the town
of Accident. will be held Thurs
day. February 16, at 7:30 p. M, at
the fire hall for the purpose of
nominating a ticket for Mayor and
two Councilmen.
The P-TA will have a benefit
dance for the Eye Glass fund at
the Accident school. Friday night,
February 10, at 7:30 p. m.
Claude Friend returned to
his home on Saturday from the
Garrett County Memorial hospital.
Nancy Jean Glotfelty and Judy
Rodeheaver spent Tuesday night
with Marjorie Fratz.
Mr.. and Mrs. David HENDERSON
and family visited relatives in
lockwood, Md, recently.
Carl Mazer, of Washington, D. c.,
visited friends in Friendsville and
Accident over the weekend.
Auxiliary to Meet
American Legion auxiliary, Unit
208. will meet Tuesday, February
IA. at 7:30 p. M. at the home of
Mrs Walter Fratz.
Mrs. Albert Smith visited rela-
tives in Gormania, w. Va, on
Tuesday.