davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-06-07
u. S. Brief on Public School Systems
Called Moster-ond- Slave Action

vided a valuable opportunity,
whether 1t be called a right
or a privilege and then at
tempts to withdraw that op-
portunity for irrational or
discriminatory reasons, it
violates due process rights"
This is an extraordinary
claim. 1t might mean that a
Democratic administration on
being elected to office in a
State couldn't fire a Repub-
lican or vice versa. There are
many ramifications to the
word Irrational" or to the
definition of privilege" 1t is
certainly novel to find the
United States Department of
Justice insisting on uniform
ity Of privileges" within a
State.
The major argument made,
Of course, by the Department
Of Justice is that education is
a necessity" and that only
through public school systems
can the citizens Of one State
compete with the citizens of
another State ain the strug-
gle for professional and eco
nomical achievement" This
certainly downgrades private
schools and places public
schools on a level of superb
ority which nothing in the
Federal Constitution would
seem to justify.
1t so happens that when
the Attorneys General Of all
the States were invited to
submit by June 5 briefs on
this all-important issue, a
significant document was
filed by Attorney General
Richard w. Erwin and Assist
ant Attorney General Ralph
E. Odum of Florida. 1t flatly
contradicts the argument of
the Federal Government. The
Florida brief says in part:
"Our present Constitution,
including the Fourteenth
Amendment, has not dele
gated to the United States
the power to establish State
operated public school sys-
TENS; to compel States to
operate public school systems;
to compel States to levy taxes
for public school purposes or
to determine the adequacy or
iRadequacy of a State-oper-
ated public school system. :. :.
I'VE respectfully submit
that an affirmative answer
to this question by the Su-
preme Court of the United
States would be tantamount
to a judicial repeal of the
Tenth Amendment. The
Evening star., 1961-06-07
Bridge League Holds
Tournament Friduv

The Washington Bridge
League will hold its fourth an
nual "On to the Nationals"
tournament Friday at the
Sheraton-Park Hotel.
More than 9 thousand area
bridge players are expected to
participate in the three-day
tourney, aimed at stimulating
interest in the American Con-
tract Bridge Leagues national
competition to be held here
July 90 through August 6.
Evening star., 1961-06-07
Khrushchev Visit Stirs Memories of '3S
When Nozis Forced q SO Per Cent Vote

1t chanted "Sieg. He'll!
Sieg He'll! Sieg He'll"
It Shrieked: Elm Reich,
Elm Fuehrer!"
And now and then the huge
masSed throng simply howled
out it's excitement, with foam
on some of the lips and a
wild, hypnotic look in their
eyes.
The fuehrer and his staff
went to their hotel. But for
half-an-hour the thousands
before it demanded to see
their leader. He would come
to the balcony, throw up his
arm in the Nazi salute, look
at them for a moment and
disappear until they called
him again.
That afternoon there was
a procession of young people.
They marched, singing
frightening songs. ("How
beautiful is steel. How beau
tiful to see an enemy Of the
state burning at the stake
of fortune. ~ They rode
in trucks with banners flung
out to the wind. They went
by on bikes. With them
marched contingents of Hit
Ter Youth, fetched for that
purpose from Germany.
All afternoon they passed,
and a sleety, chilling rain
which began to fall just be-
fore dusk did not dampen
their intensity.
That day I saw, too, pro-
fessors from the university
made to wash anti-Nazi slo-
gans from the sidewalks
where they had been painted
weeks before by those who
did not want Austria to be
gobbled up by the Germans.
That night I saw men and
women weep, knowing that
a day and an era we're ended.
The old emperor had been
gone a long time. And now
Evening star., 1961-06-07
RALPH McGHL

It is hardly likely that
Nikita Khrushchev, for whom
things have been going well
of late, thought in Vienna of
Adolf Hitler.
And yet, this same Vienna
was the scene of one of that
evil mans high peaks of tri-
umph. One who saw it will
never forget it. 1t was
stretched across two of April'S
days, the 9th and 10th, in the
spring of 1888.
Hitler. confident that none
of the powers would lift a
hand, had blackmailed Mus
solini away from his earlier
wish to control Austria.
Months before. the toy-llke
Dollfuss, Austria's chancellor,
who stood but four feet, II
inches tall, had been mur-
dered. In March of 1888 the
Nazis marched in. Chancellor
Kurt Schuschnigg was i'm
prisoned. ct is odd how those
names, so important in the
news of % years ago, are now
forgotten, entombed in the
dusty footnotes of history.D
Hitler had ordered a pleb-
iscite for April 10. On the
morning of April 9, a long,
glittering train of modern de-
sign, its coaches painted blue
and gold, its engine dec
Grated with flowers and flags,
arrived in Vienna.
There was a parade. Hun
dreds of thousands lined the
route. NaZi storm troopers,
their arms locked, stood fac
ing the crowd. The notables
of the Hitler hierarchy were
there in the cars :. Goering,
Hess. Goebbels, Himmler, and
all the others of that ambi-
tious, ruthless conspiracy.
They looked pleased, excited,
sure then that they rode the
wave of the future.
There was a never-ceasing
roar from the crowd.
Evening star., 1961-06-07

The Kennedy administra-
tion has asked the courts, in
effect, to make the Federal
Government master and COM
pei the States to be servants
"a form of slavery and sub
servience never envisioned by
the trainers Of the Constitu-
ton.
The Department of Justice
has just filed a brief with a
three-judge Federal court as
Serting that the National
Government may force a
State legislature to appropri-
ate funds or levy certain
taxes Ss the Federal bosses
In Washington may dictate.
If a State wishes education
to be conducted in private
schools altogether in a State
or county. with perhaps tu-
ition grants to parents, the
Kennedy administration says
this must not be permitted
and that every State must be
required-against the will of
its voters - to maintain
a public school system
throughout a State.
This uSurpation of power
- unprecedented in Amer
lean history is unequivoc-
ally urged by Attorney Gen.
eral Kennedy. 1t is, in re-
ality, a demand that the
Tenth Amendment of the
Constitution be either re-
pealed or ignored. This
amendment reserves to the
States the powers not dele
gated in the Constitution to
the Federal Government and
those not prohibited by the
Constitution to the States.
The three-judge court in
Louisiana asked these two
questions of all the State
governments as well as the
Department of Justice:
would the abandonment
by a State of its public school
system deprive children of
rights guaranteed by the due
process or equal protection
clauses of the Fourteenth
Amendment?
Would the answer be the
same if the abandonment
were on a local option basis
after a vote of the electorate
authorizing county school au-
thorities to close the public
Schools?"
The Kennedy brief an
Swered both questions in the
affirmative. It said previous
cases establish the principle
that where a State has pro-
, 1961-11-07

ultimate disposition OF the Corpor
atoms agricultural and manufac-
turing facilities. After all, the Gull
tivation of the sugar cane still re-
mains as the most profitable en-
terprise for many farmers in st.
Croix, despite some evidence of
shifting from cultivation of sugar
cane to truck farming. In 1856,
private growers received almost
$330,000 for their crop, and in 1860
there were 214 of these private
sugar cane growers right here on
st. Croix. The Corporation may
be able to grant wage increases
on a selectiVe basis until produc-
tivity is more in balance with
wages. With this better balance
the sugar industry might be able
to contract in terms of employ
meat, although this need not i'm
oily contraction in terms of vol
ume of production. A reduction
IN the level of employment would
substantially lessen the need for
the num.yer of foreign workers
and remove some otherwise sur
mountaSle pressures on our social
services and the depressing effect
On wage rates.
But now that the economy is
developing into three rather we'll
defined sectors, namely, agricul-
ture and fisheries, light manufac-
turing industries, tourism and the
service trades, there is a pressing
need for a more fundamental ex-
animation of territorial wage po-
Icy in relation to our economic
development. I will, therefore, re-
commend to Governor PaieWon-
sky that such an examination be
carried out. The objective of such
an examination must be the under
taking of a realistic assessment
of what the levels and structure
of wages should be, having due
regard to the reasonable needs Of
our workers, the capacity of these
Virgin Islands to sustain the adj
vances necessary to achieve a sat-
isfactory position and the require
ments of further economic devel-
opment. The principle that must
be uppermost in our minds while
such a fundamental scrutiny is
taking place is that of raising the
level of living of workers and Sc
curing to them a fair share of the
prosperity of the Islands as a
whole, inasmuch as the whole aim
Of our economic development is
to improve the living conditions
Of cur people.
l do not wish this suggestion to
be in derogation of the principle
that collective bargaining agree
ments between management and
labor which are becoming more
ard more frequent, r normally
the best means for the determine
ton and adjustment of wages and
chn11ld hn nnti1rolu nrnnnntnd and
, 1961-11-07

the one hand and St. Thomas and
st. John en the other are two dis
tinct labor markets, separate in
quiries may very well have to be
carried out in each area.
Finally, we have to secure a re-
duction in the cost of living. Gov
ernor PaieWonsky already has in
Dictated his determination to move
swiftly in the area of providing
more and better housing for low
income as, well as middle-income
families. Because the cost of food,
perhaps even more than the cost
of rent and clothing, is the most
intractable problem, we may have
to resort to unorthodox means of
securing areduction in the cost of
food. In Puerto Rico, the use of
government-oWned supermarkets
has proved successful. Perhaps the
report of a study Of the cost of ba-
sic commodities by Mr.. Francis,
an economist and one of our ma
tive sons who, while on loan from
the Economic Development Adj
ministration of Puerto Rico, is re-
levant. AS | understand it, he sub
mitted to Ex-Governor Merwin,
late in 1958-1959 Fiscal Year, a
program for containing the spiral
ng costs of food sold in the Virgin
Islands.
In this connection, it is recalled
that Governor HASTE had recon-
mended that food be purchased
from the States in carload lots in
the interests Of passing on to the
would come consequentially from
consumers the savings which
in which our imagination and in
reduced freightage. This is an area
genuity should be given full play
because this matter of high food
prices is extremely close to the
day-today needs of our workers
and their families. Their freedom
from want, be it in quality or
quantity, is an important part of
our contemporary conception of
freedom.
1t is my deep conviction that
the adoption of these recommends
: or variations thereof would
be a significant step forward in
the direction of improving the
standard of living of our people.
It would be in keeping with the
valiant and continuous efforts of
the st. Croix Labor Union to i'm
prove the Well-being of the people
of these Islands, and as exempli-
fled by the fact that hundreds of
YOU are today the proud owners
of deeds to your land, which is
one of the outstanding accomplish
ments of your present Union lead
ership.
The legacy which Hamilton
Jackson left to us because of his
, 1961-11-07

ana local unions, a system more
commonly referred to as collec-
tive bargaining.
While / am on this matter of
economic Investigation, wherein
three main economic sectors are
emerging, I should like to say a
word about the imperative need
of a balanced economy. We have
to make sure that we do not al
low ourselves to become wholly
dependent on touriSm, no matter
how economically fruitful it may
presently appear. While we hope
to hold our own as the Caribbean
continues to develop into a tourist
playground, it is the sector of our
economy least subject to our in
fluence and control, and in line
with Governor PaieWonsky's
thinking we must therefore attract
new industry is well as expand
and improve agricultural produc-
ton.
But there is yet another reason
why we must be wary of becom-
ing utterly dependent on the tour
ist trade. Governor HASTE warned
about this many years ago in
terms of the social price we may
very well have to pay for an ex-
panding tourist trade. Said he:
''The influx of large numbers of
persons from the mainland for
various purposes and with diverse
ideas . is bound to bring pro-
blems which have not been acute.
because Of our isolation
The community and it's leaders
will be tested as never before to
smaintain values of character, in
tegrity and human dignity"
The civil rights measure which
Governor Paiewonsky's commit
tee recommended to and which
was passed by the Legislature pro-
vides a solid framework within
which to rests the intrusion of
sociological concepts foreign both
to the American Greed and our
way of life in these Virgin Islands,
which Governor, now Circuit
Judge HASTE warned us against Is
years ago. Bermuda and Nassau
in the Bahamas, household words
in the tourist business, are motor
ious examples of what can happen
when the tourist dollar becomes
an end which justifies any means
to get it.
To return to my analysis of our
workers needs, a corollary to the
basic appraisal of our territorial
wage policy, family budget in
quiries to appraise needs of our
workers and their families, should
be made and l will similarly re
commend this to Governor Pale
wonsky. They should be designed
to ascertain the workers income,
expenditures and the goods and
cnruia&c which tbnv secure Cost
, 1961-11-07
ADDRESS
delivered by the
Hon. Cyril E. King
Government Secretary Of the
Virgin Islands
at the Liberty Day Celebration
of The ST. Croix Labor Union
November /, 1861
Concluded from yesterday

11O11l yCokN1OOJJ
1t would indeed appear that the
entire price level is also rising fast
err than wages. AS a matter Of fact,
from mid-1957 to mid-1958, a per-
iod of continuing economic
growth, 4 survey of the cost of
basic commodities disclosed that
since 1855, this cost had shown an
average increase Of approximately
1870. In 1859, the Virgin Islands
Employment Service pointed to
substantial evidence that the aver
age wage and salary worker will
find that his real wages. that is,
those wages measured in terms Of
What items of food, rent, clothing
they would buy, as distinguished
from the money wages, is decreas-
ing. I repeat is decreasing, in a pc
Rod of general economic growth
in the Virgin Islands.
In other words, while the eco
nomy is expanding, your food dol
lars you are earning are buying
less and less of your daily require
ments. Industry Committee No. 7
under the Federal Wage and Hour
Act has already held its hearing
and SO has u local Wage Board
operating under the Virgin Is
lands little Wage and Hour Act
with respect to minimum wages
regulated hereunder. The trade
unions have been negotiating and,
no doubt, shall continue to nego-
tate some wage increases for the
majority of workers in non-agri-
cultural or agricultural employ
ment shall result; it is even more
doubtful whether the money
wages of our workers shall buy to-
dial the food, clothing and other
necessaries that these wages
bought as recently as a year ago.
AS a shoTt-term remedy, it is
therefore recommended that a
higher wage policy be applied to
these industries not covered by
the Federal Wage and Hour Act
to close the gap between the basic
wage paid by industries that are
subject to the Act and those that
are not. In this connection, it is to
be noted that at the end of June
1858, there were Al businesses in
the Islands employing some 1000
employees within the reach of
Wage and Hours while there were
81 other concerns, employing
about 1000 employees whose ac-
Invites were outside the intend
ment of the statute.
Wages in agriculture should be
moved upward, due account being
taken of the important factor Of
productivity. Since the Virgin IS
LANDS Corporation IS the industry
leader, as an aside, l should urge
that we must carefully scrutinize
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-05-13

graphic styles, power press
work., pamphlet and simple
bookbinding, linoleum block
design and cutting, stencil
printing with silk screen, in
PRODUCTION to dry point etch-
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-05-13

The Drafting courses in
clude the fundamental prin-
ciples of photographic draw
ing, blueprint reading, let
tering and dimensioning of
the working drawing to adj
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-05-13

(Pdrt VII in a series,
RockuiHe's High School,
Richard Montgomery, Meets
the Needs of Our Con,n,,t-
nity.)
In addition to the Voca-
tional Program, the High
School offers to all students
a number of Industrial Arts
courses five times a week,
each of which earns the stu
dent three # o urt h S of a
credit. Included are subject
courses in woodworking,
drafting, graphic arts, and
electronics.
The In u S trial Arts
courses include woodwork
ing, plastics, electricity and
leather craft.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1961-05-13
The Industrial Arts Program
At Richard Montgomery High

vanced work in architectural
drafting d mechanical
drawing.
The Graphic Arts courses
give a basic introduction to
printing composition, typo
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1961-08-31

BURTON - The next big
event at the Geauga County
Historical Society will be Sep
tember 9 and 10 when the
Society will be host to the
Geauga County Artists Barn
Show and the Tri-County Rug
gers Hooking Bee.
The Barn Show has been
held each year since 1852 and
has grown in popularity with
each succeeding year. Liz
Ropes of Chesterland is Pre-
Sident of the Assn, and chai"
man Of the show. RuggerS
from all over northeastern
Ohio will bring both their
finished and unfinished rugs.
The finished rugs will be on
display in both the Boughton
and Law houses while the
"RuggerS" will be hooking on
the unfinished ones in the
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1961-08-31
List Hours, Schools for
West Geanga District

garten through grade 5 in
forming the parents Of teach
er and building assignments
First and second grade stu
dents who live on Whiting
Drive, BardWeli Drive, and
Parker Drive, or who live on
Route 306 north of Whiting
Drive, on Wilson Mills Road
or who live north of Wilson
Mills Road, will attend class
rooms in the Community
church located at the corner
of Wilson Mills road and Cav
eS road.
School cafeteriaS will be in
operation the first day of
school. Lunch prices will be
80 cents In grades l through
8 and 35 cents in grades Q
through 12. Pupils who attend
classes at the Community
church will be expected to
carry their lunches, however
milk will be sold.
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1961-08-31

CHESTER - Pupils in gra-
des Kindergarten through Il
in the West Geauga school
district will begin classes
Tuesday, Sept. 5. The school
hours will be from 800 am.
to 800 pm. in grades 6 thr-
ough y and $50 m. to 3:45
pm. in grades kindergarten
through 5.
Grades 9 through II will at
tend the West Geauga high
school. grades 7 and 8 will at
tend Junior high school at the
Chester building. Grade 6 will
attend at the Russell build
ing, grades kindergarten thr-
ough 5 will be divided be-
tween the Chester, Russell
and WeStWood buildings ac-
cording to geographical loca-
ton, transportation and room
facilities.
Letters are being sent to
parents Of pupils in kinder
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1961-08-31
Dick Hammltt
IS Honored
at Party

Mr.. and Mrs. James Ham
mitt 324 Cynthia Dr., enter
tanned at a card party, Aug
ust Is, for their son Dick who
enlisted in the U. S. Navy,
and is leaving with two other
area boys, Paul Hickman,
son of Mr.. and Mrs. Milton
Hickman, Burton, and Sterl-
ing Moulton son of Mrs. Paul
inc Leonelli of Chardon. for
basic training at Great Lakes
in Chicago, Ill.
Attending the party was
honored guest Dick Hammitt,
others included Paul Hook
man, Sterling Moulton, Matt
Bejbl, Gary Stilke, Mr.. and
Mrs. Ray Diedrich and Deb
bic, Mr.. and Mrs. Glen Ham
mitt, and Butch, Mr.. and Mrs
EneSt Joh n SON, Eaina
Jean, Stub, Kathy Lewis, Mrs
Pauline Leonelli, Sandra, Mr..
and Mrs. Gus Householder,
Mrs. Milton Hickman, Mrs.
Bacon, Jane and Bob Died
rich.
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1961-08-31
GeaugaHas Surplus
ofEligible Bachelors

that men wait much longer
than women before getting
AS a result, men in the I'm
married.
tied States are approximate
ly 212 years older than Wo-
men when they first marry.
At the present time, the
median age is 22.8 years for
men and 2O.3 years for Wo-
men. Back in 1900 it was $50
for men and 21.9 for women.
The figures have been get
ting lower and lower in line
with changing social and ec-
onomic conditions that have
been making it possible for
young people to marry earl
ier. A principal one is the in
creased tendency Of girls to
continue working after mar
riage, at least for a year or
two.
Where a person lives also
seems to have an effect on
his marital status. One of the
striking facts brought out by
the census is that a consider
ably larger proportion of
farm men, compared with ur-
ban men, stay single. Among
farm women, however, the
reverse is true.
Reported also, for each
community, is the number of
eX married residents. The
Geauga County figures show
for men: 456 widowed and
232 divorced and, for women,
/ 1876 widowed and 295 divorC-
ed.
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1961-08-31
Warren Hunt Rites Aug. 9

home Wednesday Aug. 9, at
Amherst, Ohio. The Rev.
Paul Brown a retired Met
hodiSt minister Officiated.
Burial was at Evergreen
Cemetery, South Amherst,
Ohio.
Mr.. Hunt died Sunday night
in Chicago Metropolitan hos
pital after a long illness Mr.
Hunt was born in Gates Mills
June 28, 1907. He went to
Chicago from CheSterland
and Cleveland area twenty
years ago. He was supervisor
of sales and service for the
Fruehauf Trailer Co.
Survivors are a daughter
and two sons, Mrs. Jacquel-
inc Hayman, Alfred Warren
Hunt Jr., and Mark Hunt OF
Chicago, his father Howard
C. Hunt of Burton, his mother
Mrs. Hilma Fitzpatrick of
South Amherst, O., a brother,
Arthur L. Hunt of Berlin Hts.
Ohio, and three sisters, Mrs,
Alfred Flowers and Mrs. Cal
vim Ruth Of South Amherst
Mrs. Margaret Ramsey of
Cleveland, Ohio.
Mr.. and Mrs. Howard Hunt
and c. L. Kilby of Burton at
tended the funeral.
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1961-08-31
LEGAL NOTICE

Notice Of intention of vaca-
ton of lots not within a num-
icipality~ pursuant to Ohio Re-
viSed Code Section 711.25.
Notice is hereby given to
the public at large and to any
affected lot owner Of intent
ion to Vacate SublotS Numb
ers % and "a of Cloverleaf
Subdivision Number On e,
Russell Twp, as shown by
the recorded plat in Vol 7 of
Maps, page 81 of Geauga
County Records, and Sublot
Number 26 and % of Glover
leaf Subdivision Number Two
in Russell Twp, as shown by
recorded plat in Vol 3 of Maps
Page J Of Geauga County Re-
cords.
Unless notice of an injunc-
ton has been served upon
County Auditor, or notice Of
dissent, as provided by law,
the County Auditor will vac
ate same lots in her record
Flat owner
Roscoe F. Sanders 2c36