davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-02-05

phase would become operative.
Under the legislation, any
pupil between 6 and 10 not at
tending public school would be
entitled to receive from the local
board o grant of State and
local, funds to be expended for
the purpose Of attending q nom
sectarian private school,"
The legislation does not fix
the amount Of such grants and
1t would vary from county to
county. The amount would be
fixed by dividing the number of
pupils into the amount Of State
and local funds allotted to the
school system.
The Governor and State
Board Of Education are author
tied to give such systems addi-
tional State money when avail
able. ss..-
But probably the most Inn
partant feature of the. grants
in-aid measure is that 1t repesls
all school segregation laws in
Georgia. The idea is to prevent
or cut down suits to desegre-
gate based on a racial discrimi.
nation plea.
Gov. 'Vandiver's junking Of
massive resistance also entails
a vote by the people in Novem-
Der, 1862, on a constitutional
. amendment providing that
freedom Of association at all
levels Of education shall be
preserved inviolate."
The purpose: To guarantee
that no white child will be
forced to go to school with q
Negro. '.e-
Evening star., 1961-02-05

port. Me-, was the only other one
that heard the signal at that time.
Searsport got q bearing or line
Of direction. The line was south
east but the ship could be broad
casting anywhere from the Maine
coast to Africa, j. So.
What was needed was an inter-
secting line or several Of them to
fix the position Of the ship. And
Fort Lauderdale-the first station
in the act-could not get q bear
ing. The direction, finder wouldn't
settle down. Instead of q steady
incoming signal, the bearing swung
wide and erratic.
e But the initial intercept had
been made and it was instructive.
1t indicated that the ship not only
was transmitting but that 1t was
using its own call letters and not
trying to cover up.
Headquarters now figured that
the ship would use a different
frequency for better transmission
at night so the "kilocycle cops"
went back to patrolling the radio
spectrum.
Transmission From Ship
At 2:19 am. on January Is, a
monitoring station picked up a
transmission from the ship and
the FEC private line telegraph
began chattering madly. Trans
mission conditions were favorable.
All the stations were getting bear
ings, reporting to headquarters
and continuing to take more bear
ings to sharpen the fix.
From Portland, Greg; Liver
more, Calf; Grand Island, Nebr.:
Kingsville, Tex; Chillicothe, Ohio;
Powder Springs, Ca; Laurel, Md,
and Fort Lauderdale, the lines
converged on a certain area Of the
Caribbean.
The watch officer on duty at
headquarters woke up Frank M.
Kratokvil, assistant chief of the
bureau and chief Of the field op-
Grating division. Mr.. Kratokvil in
turn woke up George S. Turner,
chief Of the Field Engineering
and Monitoring Bureau. A Navy
veteran, Mr.. Turner knew exactly
who to notify to get the fix
speeded to the Caribbean. He
Evening star., 1961-02-05
How Georgia PIon Works

"A school board can by
resolution Of q majority Of Its
members call an election on the
question Of suspending schools.
"a. The calling Of such an
election would be mandatory
when the board is presented q
petition signed by at least Is
per cent Of the registered voters
in the district. .>; 3.
3. If . majority votes for
suspension, the board would be
required to close the schools.
4. Principals, teachers and
other personnel would continue
to draw salary until they got
other Jobs or their contracts
expired.
5. A system with closed
schools would continue to re-
ceive State funds.
8. An election on reopening
would be attained by the same
method. 4',-. .s-
z. A board would not be re-
quired TO- call q second election
on either closing or opening II
one election already has been
held in the school year.
8. When schools are closed in
any local system, the COM
pulsory. attendance law becomes
invalid there. Co.. .-@- ., 49,.
What happens If a system
votes school closure? Do the
children roam the alleys or the
fields losing time which never
can be replaced from their
studies? 8.
Not necessarily so. That's
where g. State grants-in-aid
Evening star., 1961-02-05

reported that the whole United
States Navy couldn't find the
huge Santa Maria, the Pentagon
was furious. "If we can find q
chimpanzee in little nose cone,
we can find a 21.000-ton ship"
said one Navy official disgustedly.
What happened. apparently, was
that the State Department needed
time to decide on q course Of
proper action. Until the decision
was made, it was better for the
moment to lose" the Santa
Maria. This explanation, never
Of course made officially. never
theless was being generally ac-
cepted.
Evening star., 1961-02-05
Georgia Shows How to Keep Open Schools in South

grafton to a minimum. But they
were also open school measures,
and the school crisis had been
passed for the time being.
What. the Governor was asked
as he signed the bills, did his
action demonstrate to the rest
of the country? ~
The fact that Georgia has
made this move shows the Nation
we are responsible people. We
are not law defiers. We intend to
protect our children. We intend
to try to maintain our Southern
traditions" he replied. .,....
Evening star., 1961-02-05
The Final Chapter

Capt. Galvao sailed his cap
tured prize into Recife, Brazil,
on Thursday after talks aboard
the liner with the American ad-
miral commanding the Caribbean
Sea Frontier. The talks were
inconclusive, but proved to be q
beginning.
Actual surrender Of the liner
came Friday, after Brazil had
guaranteed political asylum to
Capt. Galvao and his crew. The
ship win be returned to its Lis
bon owners; the rebels remain in
Brazil; the passengers are en- route
to their homes with something
to talk about. In Lisbon, the
Salazar regime says 1t has more
popular support than ever as q
result Of the Santa Maria seizure.
In Washington, the State De-
partment Is breathing easier. .-.
Evening star., 1961-02-05

lined the public school program.
Public opinion would preserve
segregated schools "in practically
every community" the Governor
said. In the others there must be
some sort Of control. he added.
They Think 1t Over
The Legislature mulled his Of
fer. The members went home to
think about it for q week end.
They came back and passed his
measures, with little opposition
They were, to be sure. defensive
measures designed to keep tnte-
Evening star., 1961-02-05

flee sources indicate that Prime
Minister Macmillan agrees fully
with Mr.. Kennedy's belief that
careful negotiations through nor
NAL diplomatic channels ought to
precede a new approach to the
slippery slopes Of the summit.
A new Whitehall look at the
situation in Laos and in Africa
is being taken, with a view to pro-
posals In April by Macmillan
when he comes to Washington.
Evening star., 1961-02-05
Kennedy Bravo

The British press was almost
solidly enthusiastic last week over
President Kennedy's state-of-the-
Union message to Congress. Sole
exception was the Communist
Daily Worker, and even that jour-
nal was not overly hostile.
In general. praise for the Presi-
dents remarks centered on the
"positiveness" the British editors
read into Mr.. Kennedy's attitude
and delivery. The high praise re-
Elected a disposition in Britain,
since the collapse Of the May
summit conference last year, to
view United States leadership as
confused, negative, and infirm.
British opinion appears TO be
still oriented around the goal Of
another summit. But Foreign Of
Evening star., 1961-02-05
To st. Jomes's:
Envoy Bruce

David X. E. Bruce, veteran
diplomat, was named United
States Ambassador to Britain
Thursday.
For q 62-year -old Baltimorean
named Bruce, a diplomatic record
was set last week. The appoint
ment Of MIR. Bruce to the Court
Of st. James's as United States
Ambassador rounded out o big
Three" career: Ambassador to
France, West Germany, and now
to Britain.
The new envoy. while not
strictly a career diplomat, has
had an impressive amount Of top
level experience in foreign affairs.
The Embassy in London, as in
Paris, has usually been assigned
to very wealthy men who can af-
ford to occupy 1t. Diplomatic
skill and experience has not often
been q major factor in choosing
the man.
But in Mr.. Bruce, the Kennedy
administration appears to have
found an excellent combination.
He can afford the Embassy. and
he can be an effective ambassador
at a time when relations between
London and Washington are tax
ing on even greater importance
than they have had in the past.
Evening star., 1961-02-05
THE NATIONAL SCENE.

armed with q warhead roughly
the same size as that Of the
operational Polaris, is expected to-
become combat-ready in mid-l962.
The Air Force wants to put at
least $50 in concrete silos under
ground and about $50 aboard rail-
road cars.
Evening star., 1961-02-05
THE FOREIGN SCENE

is a NATo member. what action
should be taken? And how to
protect the lives Of 607 passen-
gers. some AZ Of them American
citizens?
Evening star., 1961-02-05
BY REG MURPHY
contrihuting Writer

ATLANTA-When Georgia off,
cially abandoned her massive
resistance school position last
week, even the Governor blinked
his eyes In wonderment.
Thirty days ago." said Gov. s.
Ernest Vandiver. II would have
Mr.. Murphy covered CeOrgia's
schools integrati0n fight from
itsdnceptiOn. He is political edi-
tor. Of the Atlanta Constitution.
not thought these bills would even
be introduced in the Legislature. "
Eyes, and 80 days ago would
Mt have thought they would be
recommended" replied one Of his
top legislative leaders.
That little exchange as Mr..
Vandiver signed into law the open
school measure caught the bewil-
derment Of Georgians who sud-
denly realized what has happened
in, Georgia in the past 18 months.
"A year and Q half ago almost
every Georgia politician was,
promising to close the schools
to thwart any Federal court orders
to desegregate. Last week no major
Georgia politician lifted his voice
to criticize the Governor and the
Legislature for acting to keep them
open.
The story Of the change Is the
story of first individuals, then
groups and later organizations
working to prevent the closing.
It also is the story Of lessons
learned, crises met and decisions
faced.
The .AtIontu Pioneers
Some Atlanta men and women
probably came first. They realized
that Atlanta would be the target
Of the first common school litiga-
tion., They feared the. Georgia
Legislature would allow their
schools to be closed, rather than
admit q Negro to an all-white
school in Atlanta.
One Of their legislators, M. M.
Smith, an Atlanta insurance
executive, began appearing at PTA
meetings and civic clubs to warn
Of the dangers.
A handful Of other legislators,
notably attorney James MacKay
Of suburban Decatur. also voted
against the close thresholds legis-
lation that successive administra-
tons offered the State.
Parents attending those meet
Evening star., 1961-02-05

Mr.. Murphy covered GeOrgia's
schools integratiOn fight from
its'inceptiOn. He Is political edi-
tor, Of the Atlanta Constitution.
Evening star., 1961-12-16

Soviet Ambassador Valerian
Zorin predicted many nations
would change their vote next
year, but he was non-com-
initial on Red Chinese entry
that soon.
The General Assembly yes
terday rejected, 48-36. with 20
abstentions. a Soviet resolution
to oust Nationalist China and
seat Red China.
The United Kingdom. Nor
way, Denmark and Pakistan,
all United States allies, voted
with the Soviet Union.
Backed by African Group
The so called Brazzaville
group of African states, former
French colonies, either voted
with the United States or ab-
stained, as most had bargained
to do in return for American
help to obtain the admission
of Mauritania, a sister African
state, earlier this year.
Mauritania herself voted with
the United States, as did the
new, 104th member of the
United Nations. Tanganyika.
The margin of the victory
was IL votes, compared to eight
last year, when the General
Assembly decided not to discuss
Chinese representation, 42-34
with % abstentions.
This years outcome was 8
considerable surprise to the
American delegation, which was
not sure even a few hours be-
fore the General Assembly met
that it would get a majority
There was no expectation, how
ever, that the opposition could
get the necessary two-thirdS
majority to seat Red China.
TwO-Thirds Vote Needed
The United States had gone
to the trouble of establishing
Chinese representation to be ar
important question" requiring
a two-thirdS majority. In ar
earlier vote yesterday after
noon the General Assembly hac
decided, 61-34, with seven alb.
stentions, that a two-thirds ma
jority would be required tt
change Chinese representation
The total favoring the reso.
Evening star., 1961-12-16

car with wheels of rubber-like
plastic. They run on a flat steel
plate, and horizontally placed
guide wheels running against a
vertical side plate keep the car
on the tracks.
Mr.. Erickson hopes to get
the new wheels back on a car
and give the thing a full scale
running test by Monday or
soon after. If the new system
proves out, it will be extended
Evening star., 1961-12-16
SUBTERRANEAN IDEA
Senate Bumps |roned Out

United States Capitol en-
gineers are keeping their fingers
crossed, but they think they
have a cure for a headache
that has been plaguing them
for two years-the rumbling,
bumpy, grinding new Senate
subway.
The answer: Plastic wheels.
Ever since it opened in Janu-
ary, 1860, the subway to the
new Senate Office Building
from the Capitol has been the
butt of a thousand curbstone
wags. A woman Senator COM
planned that the shiny steel and
glass open cars went too fast
and wind mussed her hair.
Those given to nostalgia
opined that the old Senate
subway. quaint monorail af-
fair with cars that looked like
a large wicker basket, was a lot
better-or anyway more fun.
And the cost of the four new
subway cars-$75.000 apiece
raised a lot of eyebrows. The
entire new subway system,
which links the old and new
Senate office buildings with
the Capitol, cost about $4.8
million.
But the main headache was
that the new subway just didn't
work right. The rigid wheels
screeched around the sharp
curves and soon ground them
selves out of true, giving a
bumpy ride. The rails devel-
oped waves. Steel dust from
the wheels and rails got into
the intricate electric mechan-
isms and raised hob. Worst of
all, perhaps, Senators COM
planned.
Now Capitol engineers Wal
ter Rubel and Harold Erickson
hope they have the answer.
They scrapped the steel wheels
and rails and are equipping one
Evening star., 1961-12-16
Berlin Farley
Up 10 Soviet
- y y,
Reds Must Ease
Their Stond First

PARIS, Dec. l6 (AP).-The
way lay open today for the
United States to lead the Vests
quest for a Berlin bargain with
the Soviet Union-but only on
condition the Russians make
major notifications in their
policy.
A high United States source
said the recent public state
ments of Soviet leaders do not
lend an acceptable basis for
negotiations.
President Kennedy and Brit
ish Prime Minister Macmillan
got the approval of the NATO
foreign ministers to chart a
cautious course for the Vests
next move.
Mr.. Kennedy and Mr.. Mac
MILAN will meet in Bermuda
December 20 and 81. They are
expected to draft a directive
that will send the United States
Ambassador in Moscow, Llew-
ellyn Thompson. to see So
See NATO. Page Az
Evening star., 1961-12-16
President Flies
To Venezuela;
Guard Is Tight
Kennedy, in Caracas.
Gives Worning of
Alien PHILOSOPHERS

CARACAS, Venezuela, Dec.
16 (AP) - President Kennedy
drove safely through the streets
of Caracas today, happily re-
spending to shouts of Viva
Kennedy" and then voiced a
warning to Latin Americans to
beware of alien PHILOSOPHERS
which promise prosperity but
take away the peoples liberties.
The President was here to
promote the Alliance for Prog
ress that links United States aid
billions with a program of Latin
American self-help. His well
come was warm. but crowds in
general were thinner than
might have been expected.
Many were kept away, probably,
by threatening and rainy
weather and by the multitude
of security measures.
The most massive show of
security forces ever assembled
for such an occasion in Vene-
zuela guarded the President in
the wake of leftist outbreaks of
violence during the week.
In his bullet-proof limousine
the United States President
drove 10 miles from Maiquetia
Airport along a superhighway
and then through streets lined
with skyscrapers.
Troops Guard Route
Thousands of troops guarded
his routes and helicopters pa
trolled overhead. successfully
blanketing the bands Of Com
munists and Castro sympa-
thizers who for days endeavored
with firebombs and unfriendly
paint brushes to create a tense
and confused atmosphere for
the Presidents visit.
On reaching La Carlota Air
port at the south edge of Ca
racas, he took off by helicopter
to visit housing and agrarian
reform projects.
At La Morita, so miles south
west of Caracas, the Venezue-
Ian government is presenting
land titles to 86 families. There
Mr.. Kennedy made his prin-
cipal address of the day, touch
ing on the ways that commu-
nism and Castroism could i'm
peril the progress of Latin
America.
Alien PHILOSOPHERS, he said,
try to tell the people that ECO
nomic progress is possible only
if we submit to a discipline
which destroys liberty"
Promises Soon Forgotten
The all-powerful state soon
forgets its promises of prog
ress. he said. adding:
I'VE have seen this in the
grim, drab poverty of Eastern
Europe, in the famines of China
and here in our own hemi-
sphere"
He congratulated Venezuelans
who have made the transition
! See KENNEDY, Page AS
Evening star., 1961-12-16
HE DYED HIS HAIR
JoiIGuord's S Dilemma:
Please Wife or Boss

TORONTO, Dec. 16 (AP).-
Jail Guard T. Brennan Keat-
inge is a man with a problem
the choice of pleasing his boss
or his wife.
Mr.. Keatinge's hair turned
prematurely white after he suf-
fered a shock in an accidental
gas explosion.
II looked like a man of As
or so, instead of 30," he said.
So he dyed his hair.
MY wife likes my hair dark
and everyone at work likes it
too," he explained.
Well-nearly everyone.
Gov. David Dougall Of the
jail doesn't approve of his
guards dyeing their hair. He
called Mr.. Keatinge into his
Evening star., 1961-12-16

office this week and ordered:
Get rid of the dye or you're
out of a job"
The governor refused even
to talk about his antipathy to
guards with dyed hair, declar-
ing: "That's official business OF
the Jail and nobody else's."
Ken Dryden, a member OF
the Provincial Legislature, has
come to Mr.. Keatinge's defense
with a demand for an official
investigation of this apparent
abuse of disciplinary power and
interference in the personal
affairs of an employe."
So far, Mr.. Keatinge has not
washed out the dye. II don't
think it's possible" he said.
The next move appears up 10
the governor.
Evening star., 1961-12-16

luton. sponored by the United
States, Australia, Colombia,
Italy and Japan, was five votes
larger than the most optimistic
United States estimate.
AS it turned out the "impor-
tant question" move was UNI
necessary this year, but it will
be a significant precedent in
future years.
The ease with which the
United States won its point on
Chinese representation reflected
in part an upsurge in American
prestige and popularity among
the Afro-Asian bloc. delega-
tions here say. because of the
Kennedy administrations atti-
tude toward the Congo and
other questions involving colo
nalism.
Stevenson Grateful
For United States Ambassa-
dor Adlai Stevenson, who said
that he was "gratified" by the
outcome. it meant a successful
first season, no matter how the
other issues before the United
Nations come out, Congo in.
cluded.
Mr.. Stevenson declared the
result had reinforced Nation.
alist China's long disputed
right to hold its seat in the
U. N.
But Ambassador Zorin SAID
the vote showed many nations
felt the China problem should
be solved Immediately and rad
ically."
I'VE are convinced" Mr.
See U. NJ, Page Al
Evening star., 1961-12-16
Ghana Gettinq
Big j. 5. Loan
ists a ssssasss5t-ssg SaE
S133 Million OKd
For VoItu Project
BY GEORGE SHERMAN
Star Staff Writer

A personal representative oi
President Kennedy today in
formed Ghanian President
Kwame Nkrumah that the
United States will lend him $13s
million for construction of q
huge hydroelectric dam anc
aluminium project on the Volta
River.
The decision for United States
participation in this interna.
tional project. announced by the
State Department today, ended
months of soul searching with
in the administration ovel
President NkNumah's noticeable
shift to the left late last sum-
mer.
Evidence of this shift came
with Mr.. Nkrumah's support oi
the Soviet position at the Bel.
grade conference of neutralists
in September. and subsequent
persecution of his political op.
position at home.
Headed United States Mission
Clarence Randall, who is de.
livering the United States de-
cision today in the Ghaniar
capital of Accra, headed a spe.
cial presidential mission which
investigated the prospects TO,
the multi-million dollar dan
project.
The Volta project includes ;
dam. an electrical grid. and ;
huge aluminium smelling plant
all of which are estimated tt
cost 1924 million. Construction
will take five to seven years
Ghana has pledged to put III
half the costs of construction
In addition to the $133 mil
lion in loans from the Unitet
States. other interests will con
tribute $190 million, including
$98 million from the govern
ment of Ghana and $32 milliol
from a United States aluminium
! See GHANA, Page A:
Evening star., 1961-12-16
Soviet President
Bedins India Visit

NEW DELHI, Dec. 16 (AP)
Soviet President Leonid Bre-
zhnev arrived in New Delhi
yesterday for a two-week state
visit.
He said he brought the warm
greetings of the Russian people
and those of Premier Khru-
shchev, whom millions of In
dians know as a good friend
of India" Mr.. Khrushchev
has toured India twice, and
Russia's previous President
the now disgraced Klementi
VoroShilov-came here less
than two years ago.
Evening star., 1961-12-16

to all of the four subway cars.
Philip L. Roof, executive
assistant to the Capitol archi-
tect, said the cost of the ex-
perimental changeover will be
about $4,000 to $4,000.
Mr.. Rubel got the rubber-tire
idea from the famous Metro
subway of Paris, which started
using pneumatic tires on a
branch line in 1856 and found
they worked beautifully.
Evening star., 1961-12-16
DELINQUENT
TAX LIST

DELINQUENT TAX list for 1861
in the District oppeors todoy in thu
Classified Section, Pages B-6-s.
OLDEST CHURCH in the District,
St. Pours Rock Creek Perish, pre-
sents the Poseont Of the Holy No
tivity tomorrow with q cost Of ~
and choir singing background
music. See Poee AS.
Evening star., 1961-12-16
TILE A/EArnEb. Full Report
iHE iHEN. on Pose Az

District and vicinity-Increasing cloudi-
ness and not as cold tonight; lowest 20.
Cloudy with slowly rising temperature to-
morrow. High and low of last "a hours:
High, 81, at 1890 pm. yesterday; low, 10.
at $50 am. today.
Evening star., 1961-12-16
u. N. Rebuff Of Peipinq
Called Decisive Setback
Margin Of Assembly Vote Seen
Barring Membership for Years
BY EARL H. VOSS

UNITED NATIONS, N. Y, Dec. 16.-American analysts
today weighed chances for repeating in future the
expectedy decisive rejection of Soviet efforts to Red
China in the United Nations General Assembly
Some delegates said there enough soldity in the
votes to bar the Pepng regime for to