davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Jackson advocate., 1961-09-30

list accepted the appeal at his
home and scheduled arguments
on it here for 9 a. m. Oct. 8.
An assistant Mississippi at
torney general, who accompan-
led the federal lawyer here, ag-
reed to postpone Hardy's trial on
a breach of the peace charge
pending action by the appellate
court.
The justice Department ap-
peal challenges the refusal of
U. S. Dist. Judge Harold Cox to
stop the hearing which was to
have been held at Tylertown be-
Continued on Page Two)
Jackson advocate., 1961-09-30
Justice Dept. Files Appeal In
Case OF ] yIertoWn Vote Worker

Montgomery, Ala.-The JUS
tice Department made headway
Friday in its effort to block trial
of a Tennessee Negro arrested
after a fist-swinging fracas at
a voter registration office at
Tylertown, Miss.
Moving swiftly on the eve of
the scheduled trial of John W.
Hardy, 21, of Nashville, fed
eral attorney flew here Thurs
day night and filed an appeal
with the 5th U. S. Circuit Court
of Appeals.
Judge Richard T. Rives, the
appellate courts presiding jur-
Jackson advocate., 1961-09-30

The Oratorical Contest sub
ject is Standards of behavior
legal, moral and ethical-that
youth may derive from efficient
leadership"
Club women of Corinth are
repeatedly making elaborate
preparations to entertain the
convention.
Mrs. E. B. Miller of Yazoo
City, executive board chairman,
has called a meeting of the
board for Friday, October 27, at
8 an. in Corinth.
Jackson advocate., 1961-09-30
School Fight
Still Going On
lin Atlanta

Atlanta, Ga, Sept. pal
though Georgia has carried out
token racial integration of it's
state schools on both the college
and high school levels, three
separate legal fights over the
issue continue to harass educat-
ors and perplex many citizens.
Within the past few days:
l.. A superior court in south
Georgia, acting on the petition
Of II taxpayers, ruled that state
school funds cannot legally be
supplied to four integrated At
lanta high schools. Attorney
Continued on Page Four)
Jackson advocate., 1961-09-30
Slate 29th Annual Sessions Sunday
School And bTu Congress

Grenada, Miss. Sept. 25, The
29th Annual Session Of the Bap-
tist Sunday School and BTU.
Congress will be held here Oct.
2-8 with the first New Hope
M.B.C. Church Rev. C. C. Cole
man as host.
Rev. Coleman said we are
planning a great Congress, and
if you can't attend, send your
Jackson advocate., 1961-09-30
State SoIon
Is Cleared
In Staying Of.
Negro roFarmer
COrOner's Jury
Rules Self Defense
In Fatal Shooting

Liberty, Miss. Sept. rs An
Amite County Coroner's jury
cleared E. H. Hurst, a member
Of the House of Representatives
of the Mississippi Legislature,
of any blame in the shooting to
death of a Negro farmer here
Monday.
The jury heard three Negro
and two white witnesses de-
scribe the shooting of Herbert
Lee by the 52-year-old lawmak-
er and said Hurst was "acting
in defense of his person while
being attacked by the deceased
CONTINUED on Page Four)
Jackson advocate., 1961-09-30

color, or creed.
A maximum fine Of $500 was
provided for violation Of the
rules set by the ICC, which has
sweeping regulatory powers ov-
er all commercial, interstate,
surface transportation.
Petition Filed May 20
Attorney General Robert F.
Kennedy proposed new bus reg
ulations in a petition filed with
the ICC on May 20, just five
days after the first arrest of
freedom riders" seeking to de-
Continued on Page Five)
Jackson advocate., 1961-09-30
Grand Masters Statement On
Americanism In Cong. Record

Washington, D. C.-Follow-
ing a request made by the Hon.
Robert S. Kerr, Senator of the
United States from Oklahoma,
the Senate voted unanimously
to receive a report from the
Senator relative to a statement
of Americanism made by the
Conference of Grand Masters,
Prince Hall Masons, during their
annual convention held this year
in Seattle, Washington in May.
The report was made a part of
the Congressional Record.
The report came from the Fl
Jackson advocate., 1961-09-30
Dean Named To
S16,295 A Year
Utilities Post

Washington-James A. Wash
ington, Jr., 46, assistant dean
and professor Of law at Howard
university, has been named by
President Kennedy to three
year term on the District Public
Utilities commission. The SEN
ate District committee is ex-
pected TO hold hearings on the
CONTINUED on Page Two)
Jackson advocate., 1961-09-30
Negro Draws
Death Sentence
In Rape Trial

Canton, Miss. Especially =
William Smith, Jr., 25, Canton
Negro, was sentenced to death
Nov. 8 following conviction
here yesterday afternoon in the
rape of a 14-year old Canton
white student.
Judge Leon Hendrick pro-
nounced the death verdict after
a jury drawn from a CONAN
special venire, returned a guilty
count after four hours delibera-
ton.
The prosecution, headed by
Continued on Page Four)
Jackson advocate., 1961-09-30

October Is. Mr.. Fatherree said
that Messrs. Dallas C. Vande-
we're and w. H. Merrell, Chiefs
of Program Operations, as well
as several other staff members,
will assist him in the meetings
to explain the changes. Approx
mately 40 Farmers Home Ad-
ministration credit personnel
will attend.
The expanded rural housing
program, under which owners
Of tracts of nonfarm land in
Continued on Page Fivel
Jackson advocate., 1961-09-30
Jamaica Quits
Federation
To Chart
New Course

Kingston, Jamaica. = In the
wake of Jamaica's decision to
take itself out of the federation
of the West Indies, the islands
government has decided to move
ahead rapidly toward independ-
ence.
Prime Minister Norman Man
ley and his Cabinet have asked
the Secretary Of State for the
Continued on Page Two)
Jackson advocate., 1961-09-30

enrolment and represent your
Sunday School Stu. pastors.
$500 Sunday School $500,
Senior Unions $1,000, B.A.U. So,
Annual members SO. Mail your
report to President, Rev. j. w.
Gayden P. 0. Box "a, Green
wood, Miss. Wednesday night
talent program Oct. 6, 1861. One
Continued on Page Two)
Jackson advocate., 1961-09-30
State Federation Of CoIored
women's Clubs To Meet In corinth

Clarksdale, Miss. Sept. 25 -
Mrs. Lillian Rogers-Johnson of
Clarksdale, Miss. has issued
call for the 53rd annual conven-
tion of the Mississippi st a e
Federation of Colored Women's
Clubs, Inc, to convene in Cor
inth, Miss. on October 27-28,
for the purpose of continuing
those gains which the organiza-
tion began in 1903.
The theme for the convention
is "Blub Work: A Gateway to
Better Living"
Jackson advocate., 1961-09-30
Mayor Thompson Tells Court
city's Race Relations Policy

down disturbances.
Mayor Thompson appeared as
! witness as three Jackson Ne
,roes and the NAACP legal aid
livision continued its court chal-
lenge of segregation in Mis-
'issippi's public transportation
facilities.
The Negroes, bringing the
Continued on Page Four)
Jackson advocate., 1961-09-30

Mayor Allen Thompson told
a three judge federal cour
Tuesday he has no objectio
under the law to integraticn c
public transportation facilitie
as long as peace and quiet car
be maintained.
Policy of the city, however
he said, has been to maintain
separation of the races to keep
Jackson advocate., 1961-09-30

Grand Masters present at the
convention, out of SO who are
in the continental U. S. A., and
representing as many grand
lodges and four hundred thous-
and Prince Hall Masons. DR..
Amos T. Hall, Tulsa Oklahoma,
is the president of the organi-
zation and the declaration was
as follows:
"To the end that all men
might know: The Conference of
Grand Masters, Prince Hall Ma
sons of America in session as
Continued on Page Four)
Jackson advocate., 1961-09-30
Suit Charges
Segregation In
Chicago Schools

Chicago, ILL.,, Sept. % - A
suit has been filed in United
States District Court here on
behalf Of parents Of 80 Negro
children from five public schools
seeking city revision Of school
districts so that Negroes can
attend schools in white neigh
borhoods.
The suit seeks an injunction
against the Chicago Board Of
Education and School Superin-
Continued on Page Eight)
Jackson advocate., 1961-09-30
Pledge Action
To Implement
Job Opportunity

Washington, D. CA reason
able and fair approach to imple-
mentation of the equal employ
ment opportunity program was
pledged Friday morning by the
executive vice chairman of the
Presidents Committee on Equal
Employment Opportunity.
Assistant Secretary of Labor
Jerry R. Holleman told a Fed
eral Bar Association briefing
conference on government con-
CONTINUED on Page Four)
Jackson advocate., 1961-09-30
Protest Charge That King Was
Master Mind In Kansas CITY

Atlanta, Ga. - More than 80
Baptist religious leaders from
Is states forwarded a telegram
of protest to DR.. J. H. Jackson,
president of the National Bap-
tist Convention, in censure of
what they termed "a vicious and
un-Christian attack" upon inte-
grafton leader DR.. Martin Luth-
er King. Jr.
DR.. Jackson has been the
Jackson advocate., 1961-09-30

storm center of a bitter fight
for the disputed presidency of
the all-Negro denomination that
boasts some five-million con-
stituents.
The Chicago minister was re-
elected last week at Kansas City
under the supervision of court
appointed monitor. In a scuffle
at the platform a Detroit minis
Continued on Page Five)
Jackson advocate., 1961-09-30
Leland Negro
Citizens Hail
Hiring Of First
Negro Policeman
Two More State
Delta Towns Add
Negro Police
To Force

Leland, Miss, Sept. 25-Ne-
gro leaders are joined by rank
and file Negro citizens here in
praising the recent hiring of
this towns first Negro police
officer. He is James Thomp-
son, six-feet three, 210 pound
graduate of Trail Lake High
School.
Although the young officer has
Continued on Page Two)
Jackson advocate., 1961-09-30
Atlanta Negro
Citizens, ,JubiIant
Over Election
Of New Mayor
See Continuation OF
City's Progressive
Race Relations
Policy

] Atlanta, Ga. Sept. % At
lanta Negro citizens were jubi-
liant today over the results in
the run-off Mayors election
Friday in which rearly two
thirds IF the city's voting citi-
zens by their ballots are on
record as favoring the liberal
racial policies which have mark
ed the long administration of
retiring Mayor William B.
Continued on Page Eighty
Jackson advocate., 1961-09-30

WANTS ACTION: Congress
man Charles c. Diggs, Jr., Dem
ocrat of Detroit, Mich, whose
recent letter to the ICC urges
immediate action to end segre-
cation in bus and railway sta
tions.
Evening star., 1961-12-17

Tennis and gone tobIe in one.
Come side ideol for
electric outo rocine.
troins. comes. hobbies.
Legs rotate 10 turn
toble over without removing
equipment, OfficioI S'x9'
tobIe tennis size smooth
50" worp resistonf top.
Well broced legs.
Comes in Two sections;
legs fold for s'oroee
Strong. durobIe.
unusuoIIy steody! Tope for
stripping included, no net
OUoI-purpose
ReC-TAeleS cost no
more thon tennis tobles
OF comparable qvoliN.
$49.5o FOB Washington. D. c,
direct from foetory.
Evening star., 1961-10-07
Good Start

Commissioner Duncan has outlined
an exceptionally interesting series of
ideas which are designed to strengthen
the public welfare program and to make
the limited number of welfare dollars
stretch further. Especially intriguing
Is the thought that child care centers
might be set up, enabling mothers on
relief to take jobs so that they might
eventually be able to support both them
selves and their children. AS a supple
mentary part of such a program, Mr.
Duncan believes that elderly recipients
OF welfare also might serve at the
centerS.
AS Mr.. Duncan emphasized, "a great
deal of planning" will be required before
his recommendations are in form to be
presented to the Commissioners and to
Congress for decisions. Undoubtedly
new proposals also will evolve from the
investigations of welfare programs
which he intends to have made. We
wish to commend Mr.. Duncan, however,
for the vigorous start he has made. For
too long previous Commissioners have
been content to permit welfare pro-
grams to glide along, without the re-
forms, changes and new ideas which
can spring only from periodic and
intensive review.
Evening star., 1961-10-07
Anti Trust Crockdown

The Chairman of the Federal Trade
Commission is not pleased by sentences
imposed by some Federal judges in anti
trust cases. Paul Rand Dixon told
Senator Kefauver'S antitrust and mo-
nopoly subcommittee that the disparity
in sentences makes your shirt tail run
up and down your back" Apparently,
he concluded, we have judges who don't
believe in antitrust.
Whatever the fact as to this, we
think the matter can safely be left with
the judges. A judge who has presided
over trial is in better position than
the ETC chairman to determine what
sentences should be imposed, and we
don't think Mr.. Dixon's expression of
diSpleaSure will carry much weight with
a sentencing judge.
The subcommittee has a specific
proposal before it, however, which Mr.
Dixon indorseS and which we think
belongs in the circular file. Under this
proposed law, as we understand 1t. a
corporation executive could be crimi-
nally prosecuted if he had reasonable
cause" to know that his SubordinateS
were violating some antitrust provision
In other words, the Government would
not have to prove that an executive
actually knew of a violation, but only
that he had reasonable cause" what
ever that may mean, to know about it,
AS Senator HruSka suggested, this
could result in conviction of an innocent
man on the principle of guilt by asso-
ciation." With such law in force, it
would be easier, of course, for the Gov
ernment to secure convictions OF top
executives. But the sounder principle
is to require proof beyond a reasonable
doubt of actual knowledge Of, or ratifi-
cation of, subordinate's criminal act.
Despite the Endorsement by Mr.. Dixon,
former chief counsel to the Subcom-
mittee who was named to the ETC by
President Kennedy, we hope that Con-
gress will turn very cold shoulder to
this recommendation.
Evening star., 1961-10-07

handle school problems with their own
resources. Accordingly, there ought to
be progressive reduction in the scope
of the program. As the President
pointed out in statement, however,
the dilemma which confronted him on
this occasion was that a veto of the
entire bill would not have distinguished
between "those properly entitled to this
assistance and those who should be
making more of an effort locally"
Mr. Kennedy also has a point in
citing, somewhat ironically, the actions
of those congressman who oppose Fed
eral aid to education ION grounds of
States rights, racial or religious con-
troversy, budgetary economy or aca-
demic freedom" and yet who demand
"impacted" aid Ito build schoolhouses
and pay teachers salaries in their own
areas" But as the President we'll knows,
these demands spring from cold polit-
ical facts of life, which hardly are likely
to be shaken merely because they might
be inconsistent with other actions.
Evening star., 1961-10-07
Let the Shoe Pinch Others

) Britain's Labor Party has tossed
provocative challenge at the Conser-
vative government, if not at the national
interest itself, in its conference res
olution condemning the wage restraint
policy of Conservative Chancellor of the
Exchequer Selwyn Lloyd. introduced
during the past summer as part of a
broad program to support the pound
sterling and to help British goods from
being outpriced in world markets, the
policy has been an issue for constant
grumbling and an increasing number of
strikes It's application is relatively rigid
in the case of public employees, but dis
cretionary with employers in private
industry.
The Laborites do not like it in either
case, but their party conference res
olution and the debate which preceded
its unanimous adoption make their
resentment clear and official. The key
note of the party's attitude may have
been best expressed by the unequivocal
declaration of Frank Cousins, head of
the million Transport and Gen
eral Workers Union. Pledging that his
union would go on sympathy strike with
any others protesting the freeze, he
added: I'VE are not willing to accept
wage restraint in any form, shape or
guise."
So be it. OF course, Britain does
have problem, even as we do, of main
tanning the value of its currency and of
keeping its prices competitive in all
important export markets. Wage rates
are one of the several factors, but quite
obviously the labor unions, in Britain
at least prefer their share of the respon-
sibility should be shifted elsewhere
Evening star., 1961-10-07

pause for a moment to con-
slider how lucky they are to
be giving rather than to be
waiting to be given. These
women who are prepared with
their yearly speech, though
true it may be, that their
husbands have given at the
office - should make a su-
preme effort to attempt this
year to spare a little. too. no
matter how small the con-
tribution.
We all have obligations to
ourselves. our families and
our communities. The dignity.
self-respect and contentment
which come from the con-
tinued useful work of helping
others are assets which viii
serve us well. Let's not be weak
and vacillating. let's be strong
and positive in our attitude.
Let's stop talking and start
doing. let's stop complaining
so much about helping the
less fortunate, let's put our
best foot forward and well
come the United Givers' VOL
unteers with a smile, a help
ing hand with something in
it. for this is after all "a
season Of the heart.
Mabel Rock Kaplan.
Evening star., 1961-10-07
Case of Dismissed letter. Currier Is Arqued

Mr.. Monroney made his
views known to subordinate
postal employees involved in
the investigation.
The departments press re-
lease carefully omitted the
actual language of the
charges. On their face, these
charges show persistent spy
ing and harassment Of Mr..
Law. For example. the charge
. about slowness in covering
his route is stated as fol-
lows, "On March 8, 1861, you
used % minutes to travel
from Station A to the first
delivery point on 37th street,
a distance Of 0.90 miles"
This charge includes addi-
tional similar time checks,
but nowhere does the depart
ment include the fact that
Mr.. Law was riding a dam
aged bicycle assigned to him
and that it was in such a
damaged condition that it
was subsequently repaired.
The department does not re-
veal that it obtained some
Of its information" on Mr..
Law from a member of the
Savannah, Georgia. Police
Department who said that
he knew Mr.. Law because the
latter is engaged in NAACP
activities. BY a strange CO.
incidence. this particular
member of the police depart
ment says he happened to
be in the same place on a
public street on four diff
ferent occasions when Mr..
Law was about to eat lunch.
At one place in its press
release the Post Office De-
partment had an opportunity
to choose between factual
evidence that was in Mr..
Laws favor and wholly un-
truthful allegations that it
should have known to be
false If the writer of the
press release had read the
file. The false allegations
we're released to the press
and the truth was withheld.
Far from reluctantly releas-
ing the charges, the depart
ment has done so with i'll
concealed enthusiasm. It will
be a sad day for all Govern
ment employees and the merit
system may we'll be destroyed
if these tactics go unchal-
lenged. You may be certain
that the NAACP will con-
tinue to oppose them when
ever and wherever they are
used. .....
We do not expect or seek
any special immunity for
NAACP members. At the
same time we shall never
tolerate or be silent in the
face of mistreatment visited
upon them because they work
for freedom.
Clarence Mitchell,
Director, Washington
Bureau, National As
sociation for the Ad-
Myancement Of Colored
People.
Evening star., 1961-10-07
Limited Aid to Schools

Although he approached the chore
with extreme reluctance" President
Kennedy had no choice but to sign the
limited school-aid bill sent him by Con-
gress. Indeed, it would have been
inexcusable if he had done otherwise.
Certainly those provisions of the
National Defense Education Act which
provide loans and fellowships to pro-
mote the teaching of science, mathe-
MATES and foreign languages could not
be permitted to expire. While this act
was not amended in the form the Pres
ident preferred, some $500 million
nevertheless will continue to be avail
able over the next two years to maintain
these worthwhile programs at their
present levels.
Likewise, the extension of assistance
to so-called Federally impacted areas
is hardly program which in good
conscience could have been cut off
abruptly, with no regard for its need.
There is some merit, all the same,
to the arguments expressed by the
President that a continuation of "im-
pacted" aid at it's present levels probably
"giveS more money to more schools for
more years than either logic or economy
can justify" For it should be remem-
bered that the initial intent of this
program was to assist those school dis
tricts which, especially during the war,
were overwhelmed by additional school
requirements as the result of the loca-
ton of Federal installations. AS we have
said in the past, there surely are some
''impActed" areas which have recover&
sufficiently by this time to be able 70
Evening star., 1961-10-07
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Milky Way Abounds With Planets
By THOMAS R. HENRY

Probably go per cent of
the 2 billion stars in the
Milky Way galaxy, of which
the solar system is a minute
part, have planets, many of
which may be able to support
life as known on earth.
This is the calculation of
DR.. va Gadomskeiy of the
Soviet Academy of Sciences
in a report, an abstract of
which has Just been pub
lished by the United States
Department of Commerce.
He reviews the possibility of
life in the various parts of
the solar system.
According to Soviet biol
ogists organic life based on
carbon compounds, the only
sort known on earth, is pos
sible at temperatures between
80 and 10 degrees cent?
grade. This would include
distances between 80 and 275
million miles from the sun
a zone which includes only
Venus, Earth and Mars.
DR.. Gadomskeiy points out
that each star. like the sun,
has its ectosphere, or region
in which life is possible. The
distance of the ectosphere
from the star, and its width,
are directly proportional to
the radius of the star and
the square of the tenn
perature of its surface.
EctOspheres Vary
Hot stars and giant stars
have very extensive ecto-
spheres. Stars which are
close to dwarfs in size, lik
the sun, have much less ex-
tenSive ones. The ectosphere
of a star does not always
coincide with the zone of its
planets. In the case Of giant
stars the planets may be
closer in than the ectosphere
and. therefore. super-heated.
Planets of SUBJ dwarfs may
be far beyond the ectoSphere
limits and so be exceedingly
cold. The ectosphere Of the
sun occupies only .000lth of
the solar system.
DR.. Gadomskeiy tries to
calculate the number of
planets existing in all Milky
Way galaxy space. Investiga-
tionS have demonstrated, he
says, that at least Is per
cent of the stars nearest the
sun have very massive plan
etary satellites.
Actually, he holds, prob
ably 80 per cent of all the
stars in the galaxy have
planetary systems Of some
sort. Assuming that each
system consists of several
planets, the number Of plan
cts in the galaxy exceeds by
far the number of stars. The
slow evolution of an atmos-
phere and of organic life
from the first cells to intel
ligent beings requires that a
planet be in the ectoSphere
for about 3.5 billion years,
This condition is met by at
least 80 per cent of the plan
cts.
80" he concludes, highly
developed civilizations on
planets of our galaxy should
be the rule rather than the
exception"
4
On Venus there is no real
night. U