davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-07-08

The rally, however, went en- and
did not suffer from an absence of
speakers. There were many of
them, and collections, too.
A large corps of reporters from
newspapers, wire services and TV
were on hand. Hundreds of white
curiosity seekers were also admit
ted to the arena. Among them was
George Lincoln Rockwell, self
styled leader of an American Fas-
cist movement who called Moham-
mad the Hitler of the Black people.
"He and have lot in common -
Rockwell said. "He believes in the
dignity of the black man and I be-
Continued on Page Severn
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-07-08

in opposing racial discrimination.
Taylor Supports King
DR.. Gardner B. Taylor, of Brook
Ign, who claims along with Jackson
that he was elected President of
the body at riotous convention in
Philadelphia last year, is an ardent
supporter of Kings program and
has raised funds to finance the nom
violent movement.
Both King and Jackson were here
for the annual meeting of the Sun
day school auxiliary of the Nation
al Baptist Convention. DIR. King is
vice president at large of the SUM-
day School auxiliary.
DR.. King told a reporter that
Continued on Page Seven)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-07-08

Of the last big barriers to making
this city acceptable for conventions
that have Negro and white dele
gates.
AS the convention got underway,
one Negro had been accepted as a
guest by one of the leading hotels,
but another Negro delegate was re-
fused Accommodations with other
members of his delegation.
AS head of the 225-member dele
cation from Pennsylvania, William
Johnson land his wife Mrs. Mary
Johnson) is quartered at the Dink-
Continued on Page Seven)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-07-08
SEE FREEDOM RIDERS DOING MORE HARM THAN GOOD
Negro Student
Asks Speed-Up
In Ole Miss
Entrance Suit
Meredith Wants To
Begin With June
18th Class

James Meredith, a student of
Jackson State College during the
session recently closed, and res
ident of Kosciusko, asked Federal
Judge Sidney C. Mize Friday for
a speed-up in his suit to enroll
at the University of Mississippi.
Meredith asked for a prelimi-
nary injunction directed at the
University and the state in time
for the second summer session be-
ginning July II.
Meredith asked for hearing on
the matter on July II or as soon
afterward as the health of Assist
ant Atty. Gen. Dugas Stands per-
mits. Stands has been i'll and the
state gained a 15-day extension
Continued on Page Five)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-07-08
NEGRO JAYCEES find atlanta
MORE CORDIAL BUT HOTEL
ACCOMMODATIONS AREPR0BLEM

Atlanta, Ga, June 20 - Condi-
tons for Negro delegates attending
conventions here are greatly diff
ferent from what they used to be,
according to Negro delegates at
tending the recepDJunior Chamber
of Commerce meeting here.
The city itself is more cordial to
them now and part of this they
can see in the form of more Negro
police officers, Negro bus drivers,
integrated buses and taxi-cabs and
integrated bus, train and air ter
minals.
The hotel situation remains one
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-07-08
Negro Training
For Bus Driver
In Savannah, Ga.

Savannah.-The Savannah Tran
sit Authority said last week Ne
gro is being trained to drive au-
thority buses.
A. X. bearing said the Negro,
whom he declined to identify, is the
first CT his race to be hired as a
driver for city buses. There has
been speculation that the transit
authority would hire Negroes be-
cause of considerable pressure from
Negro groups here.
bearing said he did not know
what run the Negro driver would
CONTINUED on Page Severn
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-07-08

Madison, Wise, July 3 - More
than 100 years ago Negro and
white Freedom Riders challenged
racial segregation in public trans
portation facilities in the north ac-
cording to Prof. Leon F. Litwack,
an assistant Professor Of History
at the University Of Wisconsin here.
Employing the weapons Of nom
violent resistance and agitation,
they pleaded their case for equal
rights before q generally hostile
or Indifferent public.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-07-08
Tshombe Reverses Himself, Proc|aims
independence From Congo

Elisabethville, Congo-President
Tshombe has reversed himself and
proclaimed that he will keep this
copper-rich land independent from
the rest Of the Congo, come what
may.
1--WE shall defend an independent
Katanga at all costs and will do
everything to maintain our nation
in the face Of all opposition" the
African leader told his national as
sembly Wednesday.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-07-08

FOR THE DEFENSE: Jack H.
Young, Local Attorney, chief coun-
sci for the defense of the Freedom
Riders since they started coming
here.
New York-The first television
appeal ever staged by civil
rights organization will be pre-
sented by CORE Congress of Ra-
cial Equality over WNTA-TV
(Channel 13), on July 7, Commu-
nifty Relations Director 90 CORE
Continued on Page Six)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-07-08
Three Negroes
To Enter Duke
Univ. Next Fall

Durham, N. C. - Three Ne
groes have been accepted for ad-
mission next fall to graduate
schools Of Duke University.
The three will be the first Ne
groes to enter the university, which
traces its beginnings back 1923
CONTINUED on Page Four)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-07-08

Mr.. Tshombe was home again
after two months Of imprisonment
by President Kasavubu's central
Congolese government in Leopold
vile, an Imprisonment he blamed
on "misinformed people"
He had pledged cooperation IN 2
national unification campaign
when he was freed. It was be-
lieved that the release was con-
tingent on an agreement for ka-
CONTINUED on Page Four)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-07-08

NAACP CHIEF: Roy wilkins,
National Executive Secretary of
the NAACP chief authority at the
national convention next week.
Philadelphia, Pa. what the
NAACP is doing" and show it is
doing it" will occupy an entire
day of discussion and special re-
ports when the Association meets
here for its Sind annual convention.
The announcement was made by
DR.. John Morsell, coordinator of
convention activities.
Continued on Page Eight
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1961-07-08

Patronize Our Advertis-
ers - Their Advertising
in this paper shows that
they appreciate your
trade.
, 1961-06-20
Chris Festival
Gives Financial
Report for l960-6I

A financial report was
submitted for publication
under date of June 6, 1861
by the Secretary-Treasurer
of the St. Croix Festival
Committee, Mrs. Ruth Viii
liams Klint.
The statement reveals
that for 1959-60 the balance
on hand was So, 6S1.25 de-
posts made from all acti-
vities amounted to S., 437.-
80, making a total of $8,069.
ga.
Expenditures for produc-
ton of the 1960-61 Festival
amounted to So, 556,47,
Continued on page A
, 1961-06-20
Virgin Islanders In
New York Observe
Orgunic Act Anniv.

Virgin Islanders in New
York held a special Silver
Anniversary celebration Of
the birth of the Virgin Is
lands Organic Act, on Sun
day last. Called the consti-
tuition of the Virgin Islands
the Act first became effec-
tive on June %, 1886.
Attorney Alexander Far
reilly, Director of Carib-
bean Affairs at the United
Nations and Alberto Senior,
chairman of the Virgin Is
lands Unity Council, were
the guest speakers. Both
are natives of the Virgin IS
lands.
, 1961-06-20
Gov. P~uiewonsky
Departs TodaY For
Confub in HuWuii

Governor Paiewonsky is
scheduled to depart today
for Hawaii where he will
attend the annual Cover
nor's conference. He sum-
married. his seventy-five
days in office in a radio ad-
dress to the people last
night.
The Governor has approx
ed almost all bills passed
by the Legislature includ-
ing the act appropriating
ST., 600, 900 for the general
operation of the Govern
ment of the Virgin Islands.
The Chief Executive is
expected to return to the
Virgin Islands on July 3rd.
, 1961-06-20
Legislature Posses
Bill To Limit Reel
Estute Tuxes This Yr.

The Virgin Islands Legis
lature passed an act limit.
ing increases in real pro-
perry taxes for the 1860 ca
lendar year to not more
than % per cent, at a spe-
cial session on Friday last
a result Of protests by
some property owners that
the assessments, based on
the new system put into
effect was too high.
The Legislature also
amended a bill passed dur
ing the regular session CIV
ing government employees
the right to make appeals
in the event of demotions,
dismissals and suspensions
from the government ser
vice, in accordance with an
executive order to be is
sued by the Governor with
in sixty days after the Act
becomes law.
Another bill passed auth
Continued on page AZ
, 1961-06-20
dFdc Murder in
Killing Of Newborn
In ST. Thomus

Leona Brooks, 24-year
old Anguillan maid, was
arrested in St. Thomas
and charged with first de-
gree murder and also sepul-
ture, after she confessed to
giving birth to a child Sc
cretly in the basement of
DR.. Warren Smiths home,
where she worked.
She said that the baby APP
peared not to be breathing
thus she left it overnight in
the basement. The follow
ing night she carried the
baby and dropped him IN
the water behind the Food
O-Mat, that was on May 49,.
Three days later, Will
liam Dobson, noticed the
partly d~ecomposed body
floating in the water and
notified the Police A tho
rough search Of the files at
the Knud- Hansen Memoir
ial Hospital failed to pro-
duce any clues, But Corpor-
Continued on page A.
, 1961-06-20

0ke &AO4AA(
Of Catholic Univ. To
Begin Third Yedr
The st. Thomas Exten-
sion of the Catholic Univer-
sity of Puerto Rico will be
gin its third consecutive
year of college credit cour-
ses on Monday, June 18th.
AS usual, one or more Of
the professors will come
from a distance but the
backbone Of the teaching
staff will be qualified pro-
fessors from the Virgin IS
lands. Travelling the great
eSEdistance will be MILAN
G. Boring of San Antonio,
Texas, who has done grad
uate work at the Univer-
sity Of Oklahoma after get
ting his degree in English
and Speech at st. Mary's
University in San Antonio.
He will teach two courses,
English prose composition
and English Literature.
Other courses to be CIV
en- during the first summer
session are Business Man
agement by Doctor Chap
man; Basic skills in Mathe-
MATES by Ullmont James,
Sports Orientation by Will
liam Butler and Catholic
Life and Action by Father
Daily.
The second session which
begins July "a, will include
a course an Rational Psy-
chology or the Philosophy
of Man by Diane MaWson
Walker.
Registration for these
courses will take place this
Saturday afternoon, June
"a, at 2 o'clock at the Cath.
Ole High school. A college
entrance examination will
be given at 9 o'clock on Sa-
turday morning for any
new college students.
, 1961-06-20
Harlen River Bridge
Is Numed After
Alexander Hamilton

A new bridge is now I'M
der construction across the
Harlem River in New York
City which will link the
Bronx-M Manhattan express
ways. 1t was named in hon
or Of Alexander Hamilton.
It is being built south Of the
well-knoWn George Wash
ington bridge at 181st st.
The new bridge will con-
meet 171st street in the
Bronx with 10th street in
Manhattan, and will cost
an estimated 81, 460, 900.
Kindergarten AT D. Fl.
Hamilton Project to
o Commencement
The Kindergarten at the
D. Hamilton Jackson Pro
ject will hold its annual
commencement exercises
on Friday evening, June %,
at 7:3O PM, it was an
nounced today.
The public is invited.
Evening star., 1961-12-17

receive in most States only
small proportion of the Federal
funds provided.
President Kennedy's campaign
proposal of Federally supported
foundation is oddly enough be-
ing sponsored most actively in
Congress by Republican Senator
JavitS of New York who has been
advocating this approach for
many years.
The Javits bill would estab-
lish a United States Arts Foun-
dation for the performing and
visual arts with an initial budget
of IS million and $40 million an
nually thereafter. Senator
JavitS' major purpose is to bring
the arts of theatrical and musi-
cal performances, opera, dance.
ballet and choral recitals to those
people throughout this country
who reside in areas where there is
no opportunity to see and hear
such live performances. Convinced
that a bricks and mortar ap-
proach" would be a mistake, he
would concentrate on a living arts
program.
In order to avoid local pressure
groups, the proposed Arts Foun-
dation would form perhaps
three or four regional panels in
each major arts field. These
panels would decide the share of
Federal funds to be given to each
area for each form of art. For
example, the committees of pro-
fessional and public members
making this determination would
allocate so much money for
opera in the West, or music in
the South, and also judge the
artistic merit Of works to be
presented.
The Arts Foundation, which
would be a separate Government
agency, could receive private do
nations and would be authorized
to make loans as well as grants.
Evening star., 1961-12-17
A Political Angle

Significantly, the next Assembly
session will start in September,
well after the June election date
that Mr.. Diefenbaker is expected
to announce in April.
In the field of political tactics
and strategy Mr.. Diefenbaker has
no peer in Canada. He foresaw
the need to win the immigrant.
vote before the Liberals did: In
1860 he not only pre-empted the
position of Canadian leader in the
fight (figurative, or course) for
the freedom of the subjugated
peoples Of eastern Europe; he
also had Parliament pass a Bill
OF Rights that has enormous ap-
Evening star., 1961-12-17

as music, ballet, drama and
opera.
Here is the way a representa-
tive selection of states now spend
their own funds on the arts:
A Stote Survey
ALABAMA For the two years
ending next September 80, out of
total appropriation of $169,540
the largest amount or $91 ,040
went to the State Department of
Archives and History and no
funds to the performing and Wis
ual arts.
CALIFORNIA State funds in
1880 were devoted almost entirely
to arts and crafts exhibits, his
torical monuments and buildings,
restored gold-rush towns, Indian
museums and the Hearst castle
at San Simeon.
FLORIDA The three major
State cultural agencies are the
Ringing Art Museum at Sara
sofa, the Florida State Museum
and the Stephen Foster Memorial
Commission. For all these the
State appropriated about $780,
900 in 1859.
ILLINOIS - This State spent
$250,000 on its State museum in
1859 and nothing on performing
arts.
INDIANA-$370, 900 was appro-
Evening star., 1961-12-17
BY GEORGE w. OAKES
Contributing Writer

Secretary of Labor Goldberg's
call for Government subsidies of
all performing arts in this coun-
try gives an impetus to a move
ment already started In the last
session Of Congress.
The idea Of Federal aid was
even advanced-in a slightly diff
ferent form-by President Ken
nedy who expressed in one of
his campaign speeches last year
full sympathy with the proposal
for a Federally-supported founda-
ton to provide encouragement
and opportunity to non-profit
private and civic groups in the
performing arts"
. In Congress House hearings
were held during the last session
on bills, sponsored by Represent
ative Frank Thompson, jr., Dem
ocrat OF New Jersey. and support
ed by Chairman Powell of the
House Education and Labor Com
mittee, that would establish a
Federal Advisory Council on the
arts and also authorize Federal
grants in the amount of 100000
to each state. Similar grant
legislation has been introduced
in the Senate by Senators Clark,
Humphrey and Pell.
The Advisory Council
The plan for a Federal Advi-
sorry Council (Which Secretary
Goldberg indorsed) originally
recommended by President Eisen-
hover in 1855, passed the Senate
year later. At present IA States
have an arts council, commission
or similar agency.
Proponents for Federal aid to
the arts feel that such assistance
will be meaningful only if Fed
eral funds are made available.
They feel that an Advisory Coun-
Gil would be useful but relatively
ineffective.
AAAS SOAA6ACooAOlAuA P1OPOod1 1OL
States grants is based largely on
the view that Congress will ap-
prove Government funds for the
arts only II each State can share
in the money. Its supporters also
hope that a small injection of
Federal financing will stimulate
the States to increase their own
efforts in the field which are
more widespread than is gener-
ally known.
The State grant bills are very
extensive and would allow Fed
eral funds to be used for con-
Struction of museums and me-
MORALS, preservation of historic
sites, art training programs as
we'll as aid for existing and new
performing and visual art activi-
ties. Critics of this approach
contend that, on the basis Of the
way the States are now spending
their own money for aid to the
arts, too much Federal assistance
would be devoted to buildings and
too little to the major arts such
Evening star., 1961-12-17
Survivors Today

ROME, (AP) Luigi Durand
De La Penne and the group of
daredevils who acted as "hu-
man torpedos" in attacks on
British warships in Alexandria
harbor during World War II
are alive and now engaged in
rather sedate occupations.
Durand de la Penne Is a
member of the Italian chamber
of deputies, elected from Genoa.
Spartaco Schergat lives in
Trieste. After the war he was
active in the fascist Italian So
cial movement (MSD party for
several years and was elected
a Trieste city councillor, a post
he held from 1949 until 1852.
Since then he has not con-
cerned himself with politics.
Antonio Marceglia, a naval
engineer, lives in Venice.
Emile Bianchi is now engaged
with a diving company at Ia
Spezia, south Of Genoa. Mario
Marino, another member of the
daring group, is also with a ma
rine company at La Spezia.
Vincenzo Martellotta lives at the
coast city of Viareggio, south Of
La Spezia.
Evening star., 1961-12-17

and the net boom swung back to
permit three approaching destroy
erS to enter the harbor.
The frogmen plunged into the
ships's wake. The wash tossed
them against the boom and up
set their crafts. The surge scat
tered the three torpedo teams.
Somehow they all got through.
But they lost contact.
Inside the base, De la Penne
moved easily through the harbor,
past two British cruisers and un-
der a carriers stern.
An hour later, he stopped. There
was the Valiant. The dreadnought
pointed her eight 15-inch guns in
all directions. He and his assistant
Bianchi, had it in their power
to sink her.
Through underwater touch sig
mails, De Ia Penne told Bianchi
their target was ahead. Now De la
Pennies torpedo moved so stealth
lily there was no wash.
Some $50 feet away, he ran into
a torpedo net surrounding the
ship. He submerged and tried to
raise it. 1t was too heavy. De la
Penne and Bianchi carefully
showed their torpedo over the top
Of the net. 1t Splashed. But ap-
parently no one heard it.
Then, the first series of bad
breaks occurred. De la Pennies
suit punctured, chilling his body.
He started forward again. Five
hours had passed since he left
the submarine. He was less than
100 feet from the Valiant.
Suddenly, the torpedo baked and
perversely sank to the bottom. A
wire had fouled the propeller. De Ia
Evening star., 1961-12-17

In explaining his proposal Sen
ator Javits points out that it is
Clearly analogous to the Brit
ish and Canadian Arts Councils"
In Britain. government subsidy to
the arts council has risen from
some $650,000 in 1946, when it
was established, to $4.2 million in
1860. This amounts to about 10
cents per person and is propor-
tionately much lower than in
other major European countries
and even than smaller ones like
Sweden, Denmark, Belgium, Hol-
land and Switzerland.
The Arts Foundation
Canada formed its arts coun-
Gil in 1857 with $1O0 million split
into two equal public funds -,
one mainly for capital assistance
to universities to expand their,
buildings for the arts, humani-
ties and social sciences and the !,
other using income of about $2.5,
million per year for aid to indi-
viduals and organizations in
these fields.
Music receives the largest an
nual government grant of about
$350,000 mainly for 10 major
symphony orchestras - enabling
them to perform away from their
home city.
Attempting to enlist the widest
possible Senate backing, Senator
Pell would like to set up an Arts
Foundation with a $40 million
annual appropriation but allow
it to grant up to $50 million per
year to the States on a match
ing basis. Although Senator
Javits does not object to this plan,
he fears that it might spread
the effort too thinly. Senator
Clark favors elimination of grants
to the States for construction in,
order to concentrate the small
amount of Federal money on the
living arts.
Evening star., 1961-12-17

beth and a tanker. Three British
ships totaling some 80,000-tons
were put out of action by six
men.
There were two ironic sequels to
the raid.
BY pre-arrangement, the sub
Saffiro waited for the frogmen
off the Egyptian coast a few day
later. But no one reached the sub.
The British captured the other
four frogmen raiders, too.
Since no frogmen escaped to re-
port their success, the British
cleverly camouflaged the damage
to the ships, listing in shallow
water. To add to the illusion the
raid was failure, they held an
official state ceremony aboard the
Queen Elizabeth as if nothing had
happened.
Italian planes took reconnais-
sance photos from 10000 feet. The
photos repeatedly showed the
Queen Elizabeth with a list and
the Valiant down by the bow.
Although pontoons and auxiliary
craft were alongside the two
battlewagons significant evidence
of repair work to an expert
Mussolini was not impressed by
the pictures and said he could
see no damage. Over the protests
of his navy secretary, the supreme
moment was allowed to pass. The
Italian fleet never took advan-
tage of its frogmen's success. The
battleships were repaired and went
back on duty.
The second sequel took place
after Italy fell. de Ia Penne re-
ceived a postwar gold medal of
honor, his country's highest COM
bat decoration. Among those pres
ent was Capt. Morgan, who ex-
pressed his professional admira-
ton for all Italian assault craft
crews who he said had served
their country with personal in
tegrity and heroism.
When de la PENIS citation was
read, Morgan stepped forward and
helped pin the medal on the
breast Of the man who had blown
a hole in his ship.
Evening star., 1961-12-17
BY GERALD WARING
Contributing Writer

OTTAWA. - More than two
million immigrants since the end
of World War II, many of them
from continental Europe, are
turning Canada into a melting
pot" of nationalities with far
reaching effects on Canadian life.
These New Canadians" form
one-ninth of the total Canadian
population. And as the country
heads into general election cam
paign, the two main parties, the
Conservatives and the Liberals,
are locked in a bitter competi-
ton for their vote. With a close
result in prospect when the vot-
ers go to the polls probably next
June, the ethnic vote could re-
elect or defeat the Conservative
administration of Prime Minister
John Diefenbaker.
Few political observers in Can
ada see no connection between
this prospect and Mr.. Diefenbak-
er's outspoken condemnation of
Soviet "colonialism" and "impe-
rialism" in speeches to the United
Nations General Assembly last
year, and in Canada since. The
Prime Minister went so far in
recent speech as to promise that
his government would try to win
enough support from other coun-
tries to introduce a resolution at
the next U. N. assembly to con-
demn Soviet colonialism.