davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-12-18

who are still in cabinet and in
Congress.
In brief remarks following
Mr.. Balaguer's talk, the armed
forces leader, Maj. Gen. Pedro
Rodriguez Echavarria, pledged
his support.
There was no immediate re-
action from the opposition
However, in general the plan
follows the outline suggested
last week by the national civic
union, the foremost opposition
group.
Mr.. Balaguer named Rafael
Bonnelly, a prominent lawyer
as council vice president and
selected him as his eventual
successor. Mr.. Bonnelly is a
member of the National Civic
Union. So is another member
of his council, DR.. Nicolas
Pichardo. president of the
University Professors Associa-
tion.
Less than n year ago, Mr.
Bonnelly was House prisoner
of the Trujillos. Now, at 50
he is the man marked to carry
the main burden of what
amounts to the start of the
final stage Of the nations
Decentralization"
The only imedistely apparent
holdover from past times Is
Msgr. Eliseo Perez Sanchez,
vicar general of Santo Domingo
Another council member
Jose Maria Cabral Bermudez
is a member of one CT the
country'S Wealthiest families.
He and Mr., Bonnelly represent
Evening star., 1961-12-18

Miyazato, SO. They were fol-
lowed by incumbent Mayor
Saichi Kanesi. 25,3o0, and Cho-
toku Ogimi, an independent,
$50.
Officials of the United States
civil administration on the
Ryukyu Islands were quietly
jubilant. The Liberal Demo-
Gratis, headed by Ryukyu Chief
Executive Seisaki Ota, shouted
and danced down Kokushi
Evening star., 1961-12-18
FTCHeurinq
Gives BisseII
$3.50 Break
BY the Associated Press


A Federal Trade Commits
sion hearing examiner ruled
today Bissell, Inc, of Grand
Rapids, Mich, is guilty OF
some, but not all the misrep-
resentation charges brought
against it.
The charges were in connec-
ton with Bissell's advertising
of do it yourself" rug and up
holstery shampoos and appli-
Gators.
The ruling by Examiner John
Lewis is an initial decision and
may be reviewed by the full
commission.
Mr.. Lewis said Bissell has
misrepresented that its rug
shampoo and applicator will
Cd give professional type
cleaning at one-tenth the cost
90 clean rug merely by
spreading the shampoo and al
lowing it to dry and go dry
clean rugs.
Mr.. Lewis issued an order
which, if not revoked by the
commission, would stop these
three claims.
On the other hand, Mr.
Lewis said the FTC trial coun-
sci failed to prove his charges
that Bissell falsely claimed
that:
l. Its rug shampoo and ap-
plicator are as effective as pro-
fessional rug cleaning and will
remove any type of stain that
professional cleaning can.
2. Its upholstery shampoo
and upholstery master" ap-
plicator will clean upholstery
merely by Wiping on the sham
poo and letting it dry.
| 8. Both shampoos have twice
the cleaning power of any other
rug or upholstery cleaner.
Evening star., 1961-12-18

street, Naha'S main thorough
fare.
Naha's left-wing groups adj
vocated immediate return ~
the Ryukyus to japanese con-
troll. Mr.. Nishime and Mr..
Kaneshi, both of whom won
support from United States
High Commissioner 1t. Gen.
Paul w. Caraway, advocate re-
version to Japan sometime in
the future.
Evening star., 1961-12-18
}@%T6mmHdh1p @~be6M~ >~oo~IGey@Mm/

The headline of this advertisement was
written almost sixty years ago.
1t is the motto of the men who build
Cadillac cars-and it has served as both
proud legend and stern taskmaster for three
generations of Cadillac craftsmen.
We selected it to help tell our story today,
because we believe that it still summarizes
perfectly the quality and the care-the
pride and the precision-that go into the
making of every Cadillac motor car
Evening star., 1961-12-18
BoIoguer PicksC Council,
Plans General Election

SANTO DOMINGO, Dec l8 (AP).-President Joaquin
Balaguer has announced governing
council and said he will resign hemisphere sanctions
removed against his country
The plan announced by Mr. Balaguer in a nation wide
radio address yesterday clearly intended to solve the
Evening star., 1961-12-18

There is no really adequate way to describe
the Grating of a Cadillac But perhaps this
brief recitation of facts might be helpful.
1. The average Cadillac craftsman has
more than ten years of experience-and
hundreds have celebrated their silver ami
versary in the service of the ''car of cars"
2. One out Of every seven people involved
in the building of the car is an inspector.
8. Cadillac cars are built in only one
place-by men who build nothing else.
Evening star., 1961-12-18

4. The car is GRATED to unbelievably fine
tolerances. Some parts must be accurate to
within one ten -thousandth of an inch.
5. Every model undergoes more than 14OO
different checks in the course of it's assembly.
The list is longer, of course. But however
lengthy, it could never be more impressive
than the result. It's the 1862 Cadillac.
See it and drive it soon. We know you'll
understand quickly why it has been so widely
acclaimed as the Standard of the World.
Evening star., 1961-11-13
Peaceful Methods First
CONGO PREMIER
APPEALS FOR AID

LEOPOLDVIILE, the Congo,
Nov. Is (AP).-Congo Premier
Cyrille Adoula called on the
United Nations today for prac-
tical means to end Katanga' s
secession "once and for ALL"
He demanded that all mer-
cenaries and irregular foreign
military advisers arrested by
U. N. forces be handed over to
Congolese courts for trial.
In q radio address the CEN
tral governments head asked
acting Secretary General U
Thant to define the policies he
intends to apply for the resolu-
ton Of the Congo crisis.
II insist once again that the
mandate given to the United
Nations in the Congo enable the
organization to bring total sup
port to the legal central gov
ernment," Mr.. Adaula said.
I'VE expect from the Security
Council a clear and precise at
titude giving practical means
for bringing to an end, once
and for all, the Katanga Sc
ceSsion."
Evening star., 1961-11-13
TESTS
Continued From First Page

Continued From First Page
accused Soviet Premier Khru-
shchev Of having conveniently
overlooked" the fact that it
was the Soviet Union and not
the Western nuclear powers
which resumed testing "in an
effort to intimidate and ter
rorize the world"
Press Officer Francis W.
Tully, speaking for the Depart
ment, restated the United
States position when he said
that this country will not
abandon the objective of agree
ment on a comprehensive test
ban treaty"
But. Mr.. Tully continued,
the United States will pursue
its own program Of carefully
circumscribed testing until
such an agreement Is reached. !"
Mr.. Tully described the re-
cent Soviet testing series as
"the single most intensive
testing program in history"
He, continued that although
Mr.. Khrushchev, in a November
z speech to the 22d Communist
Party Congress acknowledged
that the tests in the atmos-
phere are harmful to health, >
Mr.. Khrushchev did not reveal
that the Soviet Union, seem
ingly oblivious to worldwide
concern" is conducting a test
ing program in which radio
active fallout will exceed all
previous amounts from all pre-.
vious tests ever conducted by
the United States, United
Kingdom and France"
Officials said that there wa
Evening star., 1961-11-13
COURT
Continued From First Page

Continued From First Page
President James r. Hoffa, who
had been convicted Of violating
labor laws by receiving money
from an employer while rep
resenting his employees in a
union matter.
3. Declined to review the
Governments biggest gambling
tax-evasion case, in which six
men were convicted of running
a multi million dollar wager
ing syndicate in Terre Haute,
Ind, and failing to pay most
Of the excise tax.
4. Agreed to review two tax
cases involving taxpayers
claims Of deductible expenses.
In one case, the Government
had asked for a review of a
lower court decision allowing
the taxpayer to deduct as a
medical expense living expenses
In Florida during a trip pre-
scribed for medical reasons. In
the other, the taxpayer. a
Dallas insurance agent, asked
review of a lower court decision
that an all-expense-paid trip
to New York for himself and
his wife was income to the
taxpayer and that personal ex-
penses in connection with it
were not deductible.
In the Alabama capital case,
Justice Douglas delivered the
courts unanimous opinion that
only the presence of counsel at
arraignment could have en-
abled the accused to know all
the defenses available to him
and to plead intelligently.
The Supreme Court of Ala
bama, while recognizing that
the defendant had a right
under State law to be repre-
sented by counsel at the time
Of his arraignment, rejected
his attack on his conviction be-
cause there was no showing
that he had been "disad-
vantaged" by the absence of
counsel when he pleaded not
guilty.
Justice Douglas wrote that
whatever may be the impor-
tance Of arraignment in other
States, in Alabama it is a critical
stage in a criminal proceeding.
He pointed out that it is at
arraignment that the accused
gets his chance to plead the
defense Of insanity. Thereafter,
he explained, the insanity plea
cannot be made unless the trial
judge accepts it and his refusal
to accept it is not appealable.
The justice also noted that
arraignment gives the accused
an opportunity to argue that
Evening star., 1961-11-13
Bonn May Fire Envoy
After Moscow BIunder

2. An arrangement between
the Soviet Union and Commu-
mist East Germany, in the
middle of whose territory the
city lies, to guarantee this
agreement.
The West German govern
ment's position is that the
status of the whole of Berlin
and its routes to the West al
ready are covered by the agree
ment reached by the four
World War II allies after the
defeat of Nazi Germany.
Bonn's view is that there is no
need for guarantees from East
Germany, whose existence it
does not recognize.
No Change in Position
Mr.. Hille and government
press chief Felix Won Eckardt
both emphasized at the news
conference there has been
absolutely no change in this
position.
Asked how Mr.. Khrushchev
responded to Mr.. Kroll's pro-
posals, Mr.. Won Eckardt said
dryly: He was highly recep-
tive"
In his talk with Khru-
shchev," Mr.. Won Eckardt said,
Ambassador Kron gave some
of his thoughts on the Berlin
problem without authorization
from the government"
Asked whether Mr.. Kroll, in
the diplomatic service since
1920 with three years is Mos
COW, had overstepped his au-
thority, Mr.. Won Eckardt re-
piled: I'VE will wait until we
see the full report"
Evening star., 1961-11-13
Brookings Study Urges
More Aid to Education

continued on an expanded and
more permanent basis"
DR.. Rivlin concludes that by
and large, Federal programs in
higher education have been
considered successful.
I'm particular" she writes,
there has been little evidence
that these programs have
brought government control of
the type so often feared by
opponents of Federal programs
in education-of dictation of
subject matter and textbooks
or investigation into the opin-
ions and associations of uni
versity personnel.
Thought Control Hit
Perhaps for this reason,
many of those who oppose Fed
eral aid to elementary and Sec
ondary education Especially
for purposes other than con-
struction), on the grounds that
it might bring thought control
from Washington, are not SIM
ilarly concerned about Federal
aid to higher education"
The college-age group (18 to
2D in this country is expected
to grow from about 9.6 million
in 1860 to about 14.6 million
in 1870, she notes. Perhaps by
1870, as many as half of them
will be going to college, she
adds.
"If the number of students
doubles in the next decade
which is not unlikely-and the
cost of educating a student in
creases by 25 per cent which
seems conservative-current re-
sources devoted to higher ed
ucation 10 years from now will
have to be two and a half times
as great as at present"
Evening star., 1961-11-13

BONN, Germany, Nov. IS
(AP).-The West German gov
ernment hinted today that Am
bassador Hans Kroll may be
withdrawn from his post in
Moscow for making unautho-
rized proposals to Premier
Khruschev on the Berlin crisis.
Foreign Ministry Press Chief
Hans Hille told q news con-
ference Mr.. Krolls future would
be decided after his return to
Bonn tomorrow to report. Mr..
Hille said no decision could be
made until the veteran diplo-
mat. originally not due here
until Thursday, gives his side
first-hand.
Chancellor Konrad Adenauer
personally ordered Kroll's early
return. Mr.. Adenauer is to
confer in Washington next
week with President Kennedy.
Mr.. Kroll was summoned to
a long private meeting last
Thursday by Mr.. Khrushchev
and asked for his ideas on how
the Berlin crisis might be re-
solved.
Position Not Represented
Mr.. Hille said Mr.. Kroll's
answers included at least two
proposals which do not repre-
sent the West German govern
ment's position, and CORES
ponded with parts of the re-
ported new Soviet plan for end
ing international tension con-
corning the city.
Mr.. Hille said the two were:
/. A four-power agreement
on the status of West Berlin
and access to it from West
Germany.
Evening star., 1961-11-13

one race was Systematically ex-
cluded from the grand jury.
Justice Douglas. in a three
page opinion, said:
when one pleads to a capital
charge without benefit of coun-
sci, we do not stop to determine
whether prejudice resulted. In
this case the degree OF
prejudice can never be known.
Only the presence of counsel
could have enabled this accused
to know all the defense avail
able to him and to plead intel
ligently."
Evening star., 1961-11-13
Budget, Grant Linked

He commented that he feels
the amount of the Federal pay
ment to the District should be
determined by the type Of
budget submitted and justified
by the city government.
This has always been a con-
troversial item in the house."
he said. This year we au-
thorized a IS million increase
from $40 million to $25 million
because we though it was justi-
fled. That does not mean we
would approve a larger au-
thorized sum unless the District
budget demonstrated the need.
I don't think the authorized
amount should be approved
automatically"
Mr.. hatcher, married and
the father of two girls, lives in
the Berkshire Apartments here
when Congress is in session. He
was born in Bowling Green
on September IL, 1909, and re-
ceived an ALB. degree from
Western Kentucky State College
there and his law degree from
Ohio State.
He entered the practice of
law in 1884 and later served as
a Federal Cancellation commits
sioner, County Attorney of
Warren County, KY. for IL
years and Commonwealth At
torney of the 9th judicial Dis
trict for two years.
He was elected to Congress
in 1858 and first served on the
Veterans Affairs Committee.
In the Appropriations Com
mittee, he also serves on the
Foreign Aid and Agricultural
subcommittee. He is a Baptist,
a Kiwanwian. an Odd Fellow,
an American Legionnaire, a
member of the 40 and 8 and a
veteran Of the Navy.
Evening star., 1961-11-13
PARK
= Korean Army Sparks
Economic Progress
Continued From First Page

Continued From First Page
lean cigarettes, for instance,
which used to cost the Korean
economy $4.5 million a year,
has fallen out Of sight. An
American cigarette is not to
be had on the streets Of Seoul,
officials report. Korea grows
her own tobacco and the mil
itary junta insists that Koreans
smoke it.
Wholesale smuggling, which
cost Korea $35 million a year,
has been stopped.
Diversion Of military supplies
into black market channels has
been ended. The Supreme
Council simply defined the Of
fense as sabotage, instead of
petty thievery, thereby making
it punishable by death.
Army Staffs Regime
The South Korean Army has
been drawn on heavily to staff
the military government. Spe-
cialists in transportation have
been moved into the ministry
Of transportation; signal corps
technicians have been sent To
the ministry of communica-
tions; experts in army audit
and logisties have been assigned
to the economic ministries, and
leaders in the judge advocate
generals section are now in the
ministry of justice.
Gen. Park has fixed March,
1868. as the time for a refer
endum on a new South Korean
constitution; a parliamentary
election Is scheduled for May,
1868, and formation of a new
civilian government is to fol-
low quickly.
How the military admins
tration can be dismantled with
out risking loss of all the gains
now being made is a question
Gen. Park has not yet answered
publicly.
The aim is to set reforms in
motion that cannot be reversed.
Evening star., 1961-11-13
Continued From First Page

Continued From First Page
entire free world" Mr.. Couve de
MurvilIe told the opening of the
annual conference Of Parlia-
ment members from the Is
NATO nations.
Citing a greater sense of
solidarity" among the Western
Big Three, and between them
and West Germany and other
NATO members, Mr.. Couve de
Murville struck an optimistic
note.
Warns Against Flinching
"I do not think anything
| can divide us on essentials" he
said. IF we keep together
without flinching. there is no
reason why we should not safe
guard our Western positions
and preserve the peace of the
world.
I'VE in Europe, and particu-
larly in France, he continued,
have welcomed with satisfac-
ton the considerable efforts
made in the direction of
strengthening defenses by the
Government of the United
States; in particular. we have
noted that these efforts have
received the full support of the
American Congress and people, /"
he said, adding:
"On its side, the French
government took steps, several
months ago, to reinforce sub
stantially its troops in France
and Germany"
Be Hard Boiled, Subtle"
NATO Secretary General Dirk
U. Striker urged the West to
be 'hard-boiled" in negotia-
tions with the Soviet Union on
Berlin, to combine strength
and determination with Sub
tlety of maneuver.
He said the only possible
course is a hard-boiled search
for stopgap arrangement
based on the hard fact that
neither side at this point
wishes or, indeed. can afford
nuclear war" Such a stopgap
arrangement, he suggested
might gain enough time for a
more lasting solution Of the
German problem.
IAN agreement over Berlin
which would undermine the
confidence of its inhabitants ir
their future would merely be 8
suspended death sentence" hi
said. 1T might help us to save
our face but it would not save
Berlin"
Nils Langhelle. president o.
the Norwegian Parliament anc
conference chairman, laid dowr
a three-point approach to the
Berlin crisis. He said the West
must not be afraid of taking
the initiative.
: Mr.. Langhelle stressed thu
: need for unity within NATO
allied strength to preserve {
: balance Of power and join
allied policy for negotiations.
Evening star., 1961-11-13

The prospect Is that many
military men will step out of
uniform to compete with the
old-time politicians.
Five Year Plan Outlined
An ambitionus five-year eco
nomic plan has been outlined,
with reduction Of imports as
the first objective. South Korea
now imports five times more
goods than 1t exports.
One Of the key needs in
Korea's trade position is a set
tlement with Japan, the neigh
boring industrial plex
which could become an impor-
tant trading partner. Despite
continuing resentment Of Ja-
pan, the military junta. recog-
nizes the need for mutually
beneficial" trade.
Gen. Park stopped off in
Tokyo on his way here for an
important conference with
Japanese Prime Minister Haya-
to Ikeda. The United States
has long favored a reconcilia-
tion between Korea and Japan.
Gen. Park is also interested
in the strategic implications
for South Korea of Communist
activity in Southeast Asia and
is expected to explore counter
measures with Secretary of
State Rusk and the President
in their meetings tomorrow.
On Wednesday Gen. Park
will meet Agriculture Secretary
Freeman, Defense Secretary
Mcnamara and Commerce Sec
retary Hodges.
Two meetings are scheduled
with Foreign Aid Administrator
Fowler Hamilton.
Evening star., 1961-11-13

no significance in choosing the
November 2S date.
They said the British note
to Moscow was almost identical
with the American, the only
difference being that the
British proposed q date on
or about November %.
Following is the text. Of the
United States note:
THE Geneva conference on
the diScontinuance Of nuclear
weapons tests recessed on Sep
tember o, 1861. The relevant
portion Of the joint comunique
agreed to by the Soviet. British
and American delegation is as
follows:
1.-The Representatives Of the
United States and Of the United
Kingdom proposed q recess
until after the completion of
the General Assembly debate
on the nuclear tests question:
THE conference went into re-
cess.
The U. N. General Assembly
has now completed its debate
on the nuclear test issue. Thus,
the condition under which the
Geneva conference recess was
proposed last September has
now been fulfilled. Further,
the General Assembly has over
whelmingly adopted q resolu-
ton calling for resumption Of
negotiations on a nuclear
weapon test ban.
Deadline Noted
The United States Govern
ment, therefore, formally pro-
poses to the government of the
Union Of Soviet Socialist Re-
publicS that the meetings Of the
conference on the discontinue
ance Of nuclear weapons tests
be resumed on November 20,
1861.
In this connection the United
States Government notes that
the General Assembly resolu-
ton 1649 of November 8, 1861,
calls for a progress report on
nuclear test ban negotiations
to be submitted to the United
Nations Disarmament Commits
sion no later than December
IA, 1861.
THE United States Govern
ment will consider any other
date which the Soviet govern
ment may wish to suggest with
respect to prompt resumption
OF nuclear test ban negotiations
which would also permit full
fillment Of the requirement laid
down in the General Assembly
resolution cited above"
Evening star., 1961-11-13
SaIazar Says
Boycott Failed

LISBON, Portugal, Nov. 13
(AP).-Premier Antonio Sala-
zar'S government reported to-
day that an opposition boycott
Of yesterdays one-party legiS-
lative election failed.
Government spokesmen said
that, with the ballots in Euro
pean Portugal nearly all
counted, about 70 per cent of
the 1.3 million eligible voted
despite opposition appeals to
shun the Salazar National
Union candidates.
All oppo o sition candidates
withdrew last week, leaving the
field clear for the 100 candi-
dates Of the National Union.
The opposition said the govern
ment had made campaigning
impossible.
Blank Ballots Not Reported
There was no immediate re-
port how many voters cast
blank ballots in protest against
Mr.. Salazar'S 32-year-old die
tatorship.
The chief duties of the Legis-
lature are to give formal in
dorSement to government de-
crees and to elect the nations
president every seven years.
Opposition sources said the
results were not surprising, that
the government controlled all
the voting, and the counting of
the votes. and they were able
to nounce what they
wished"
Aside from the distribution
OF handbills. including a Com
munist Party appeal for strikes
and demonstrations against
Mr.. Salazar and those dropped
from a hijacked Portuguese
airliner by followers of rebel
Capt. Henrique Galvao, the op-
position took no part in the
election.
The only reported violence
came from working centers
across the Tagus River from
Lisbon. There one worker was
killed during an opposition at
tempt to attack a police sta
ton on the eve Of the election.
Young Leaders Backed
Many observers predicted a
swing to younger leaders on
both sides.
THE opposition has definite,
ly jettisoned its old figure
heads whose participation in
politics dates back to 1910 in
favor Of a group Of under 40'
leaders," said one observer.
I'VE believe now that Sala-
Ear, at 70. will follow this ex-
ample and at least give younger
Portuguese a greater hand in
running the government and
forming its policies"
But most observers added
they expected the government
to continue without major
change its policy of military
suppression of terrorist or op-
position activities in Angola
while at the same time broad
ening its own program Of de-
velopment there.