davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-03-26
SURVEY OF BENEFITS
u. S. Already Aids Private Schools

annually funds for this purpose.
Church-related schools often pre-
fer to follow pay-as-you-go
policy. Similar hesitation to util-
ize Federal loans was experienced
when the college housing loan
program started. In its first three
years only $40 million was bor-
rowed but gradually the colleges
began to use it more and more.
CD Interest rates during the past
two years have at times reached
3 per cent which has discouraged
many private schools.
In addition, the National De-
Tense Education Act under Title
v A provides funds for private
schools to test students ability and
aptitude. On the average the
Federal Government pays half the
cost Of this program or $32,712 in
the last fiscal year. In 80 States
the Office Of Education contacted
the private schools to learn the
number to be tested and then ar
ranged for universities to conduct
the program.
School Lunch Act
Ever since 1946 students in pri-
vate and parochial schools have
benefited equally with public
school children under the National
School Lunch Act. Federal as
siStance is given both in cash and
food to maintain a satisfactory
nutritional standard. In the cur
rent year about $154 million was
provided in cash for the purchase
Of food. Federal money must be
matched 3 to / by State and pri-
vate funds. In addition. the Gov
ernment contributed about 500
million in surplus foods. The
amount Of Federal cash that q
school may receive depends on the
need for assistance, the number Of
lunches served and the amount
spent on food.
In certain States the Federal
Government makes funds available
to State agencies to administer the
program in all schools. But in 20
States where laws prohibit the
State educational agency from dis
bursting money to private and
parochial schools, the Federal Gov
ernment through the Department
Of Agriculture negotiates agree
ments directly with the schools.
In Virginia, for example, $122,550
was made available to private
schools for the current fiscal year.
In Maryland the Federal contribu-
ton amounted to 1921, 1886. Cath
olic institutions comprised the
largest number Of private schools
benefiting under the program in
both these States.
In addition to the school lunch
program, private schools also share
in the distribution Of Federal
money to provide milk for school
children. Last year $sl million
was spent on this activity whereby
Government subsidy enables chill
dren in school to buy milk at q
much lower price.
Evening star., 1961-03-26
Only a PIun

For example, he is counting on
$843 million in postal rate In
creases. Given the reluctance Of
Congress in the past to vote such
rises, this money may not be
forthcoming.
And, doubtless, he is also count
ing on an America at peace be-
cause, even though defense ex-
penditures may 80 UP as much as
$2.5 billion over 1851, there Is no
extra money figured in for mill
taTy operations Of even q limited
nature.
The Federal budget is. after all,
only o financial plan. And as
that Scotsman so wisely observed:
eth best laid schemes o. mice
and men
Gang aft a-gley: -"
Mr.. Kennedy pledged that it is
Evening star., 1961-03-26
Priest-LegisIotor
Serves in Alaska
BY WARD SIMS
Associated Press staff writer

JUNEAU, Alaska-"God often
sends his servants to strange
places to do his work."
The broad-shouldered priest
fidgeted in his chair, seemingly
oblivious to the commotion around
him in Alaska State House Of
Representatives.
He worked his stubby fingers
endlessly. Quick, nervous smiles
fitted across his face, toughened
by wintry winds off the Bering
Sea.
A few moments later, as he
took his oath Of office, Father
Segundo Llorente, s. j., a native
Of Spain, became the first Roman
Catholic priest ever elected to a
State Legislature in the history
Of the United States.
why did It have to be me, a
man who has not yet completely
mastered the English language?"
asked the Jesuit missionary,
speaking with a marked Spanish
accent.
Conspicuously, and yet incon-
spicuously, Father Llorente was a
man closely watched during the
first few weeks of the legislative
session.
Then, a change in the attitude
Of the other members of the
House and a change in the at
titude Of the members of the
Senate became increasingly ap-
parent.
"A VoIued Member"
AS House Speaker Warren A.
Taylor Of Fairbanks puts 1t:
I'VE found him a very devoted
member Of the Legislature and a
valued man In committee work.
He has the respect and confidence
Of all members Of the House."
And Mrs. Dora Sweeney Of
Juneau, chairman Of the Health,
Welfare and Education Commit
tee. which Father Llorente also
serves on, says:
II find Father Glorente very
dedicated and his heart is full Of
the welfare Of the people of his
area and the people Of the State"
Father Llorente, a relatively
small man with an infectious
smile and a booming, hearty
laugh, was elected by write-in
votes from Alaska's oath election
district.
For 25' years, Father Llorente,
81, native Of Leon, Spain. has
been a missionary in the area,
where the mighty Yukon River
flows into the Bering Sea.
Why would a Spaniard forsake
his sunny native land for the
cold, desolate tundra country of
AlaSka's northwest coast?
"a q boy, I always wanted to
be q priest" Father Llorente ex-
plains.
when was. about 10, de-
cided to become Q missionary in
some foreign land. I got an Atlas
and I decided to pick out the
hardest spot in the whole world.
II spotted Alaska and the more
Evening star., 1961-03-26

schools are entitled to borrow for
a 10-year period Federal funds for
the equipment and minor re-
modelling Of science, mathematics,
and foreign language classrooms
and laboratories. During the two
and half years since the passage
Of the act. most of the private
schools that have applied for these
loans have been related to religi-
Gus denominations, including
Catholics. Eighty per cent Of the
loans have gone to secondary
schools.
Up to March /. 1861 l54 loans
had been granted for q total
amount Of $1,849, $50. In the
current fiscal year $6,480, 900 has
been allocated for this purpose.
The interest rate, which has
fluctuated, is now 33s per cent.
There is no limitation on the
amount Of dollars that may be
borrowed on a single loan.
AS a result Of this program,
about one third Of the schools US
ing it have been able to give new
courses in science, mathematics
or foreign languages. At least 10
schools offered physics courses
for the first time and several were
able to introduce French and other
languages.
Looms for Schools
The largest loan approved so
far is $245, 500 for Cathedral High
School, Springfield, Mass.
Evening star., 1961-03-26

got most Of their musical instru-
ments from surplus property.
In other parts Of the country
private schools have obtained land
and buildings at a nominal cost.
Here are some examples:
In Lake Charles, La, the school
Of the Immaculate Heart Of Mary
acquired for only $97.50 three
buildings for school classrooms
and q cafeteria which had origi-
nally cost the Government $49, ,535.
A Seventh Day Adventist school
in Beaumont, Calf, paid $l95
for buildings to house the princi-
pals office, storage space and
classrooms. The original cost to
the Government had been $28, ,968.
st. Augustine's School, Elkridge,
Md, paid $25 for buildings used
for storage that were acquired by
the Government at q cost of
$1,000.
Some Property Higher
On the other hand, much real
property disposed Of by the Gov
ernment as surplus is sold to edu-
cational institutions at q much
higher proportion Of its original
cost, depending on the Govern
ment's valuation Of its worth.
A precedent for Government
loans to private schools was es-
tablished by the National Defense
Education Act Of 1858. Under
Title III Of the law private nom
profit elementary and secondary
Evening star., 1961-03-26
The Sit-Ins:
Court to Rule

The Supreme Court on Mon
day agreed to review Baton
Rouge sit-in convictions and
ruled invalid . series Of LOuisi-
ana school segregation laws.
In fighting against discrimina-
ton and for what he believed were
his rights, the Negro last year
came upon q new tactic. Some
saw in 1t shades Of Gandhi's
passive resistance"
This, of course, was the lunch
counter sit-in. A group Of Negroes,
often college students, walk into
a drugstore, for example, sit down
at q whites-only lunch counter
and refuse to bulge unless they
are served.
In many cases, the proprietors
or managers simply closed down
the food service. In some cases,
they called the police who ar
rested the demonstrators.
The tactic has proved sur
prisingly effective In some areas.
It has won agreements from many
establishments which ended dis
elimination. It has spurred
peaceful interracial talks which
obtained the same results.
Evening star., 1961-03-26
AN ANALYSIS FOR GOVERNMENT WORKERS
Public Service: Trials and Rewards

professional life in its competitive
challenge.
America is leading the Free
World in the decisive competition
with communism. It is engaged
In a day-to-day demonstration Of
the values Of democracy and free
dom, hoping to win to ol1rSside in
devotion to those values both the
emergent nations and those who
have been embraced by tyranny,
Our Government team in this
contest requires men and women
Of initiative. energy and judgment
no part Of the national public
service should be held out as a
sinecure or a haven for mediocrity.
The Selfish Angle
Nor should national public serv-
ice be held out as the path to
glory or the appreciation Of ones
fellow men.
AS wise Benjamin Franklin once.
put 1t:
I'VE must not in the Course Of
Publick Life expect immediate Ap-
probation and immediate grateful
Acknowledgment Of our Services.
But let us persevere tl1ro' Abuse
and even Injury. The internal
Satisfaction Of a good Conscience
is always present, and Time will
do US Justice in the Minds Of the
People, even Of those at present
the most prejudic'd against u.s."
Courage to stand up to public
pressures, private greed and
pursue only the public interest
without regard to personal place
this standard rather than pure
crowd pleasing is to be preferred.
So much for the false or unde-
sirable motivations for national
public service - power, wealth,
ease, comfort, personal vain glory.
Let us turn to the more diff
cult task Of defining some Of the
more appropriate motivations.
In doing so, let US confess that
Americans sometimes seem to
have lost the habit Of asking for
or expecting dedicated action.
Yet, more than any form of soci-
ETY., one governed in a democratic
pattern calls for an optimistic
view Of men and their motives.
We should not be afraid Of US
ing words and concepts such as
love Of country. patriotism, public
duty, obligation, sacrifice, rare
privilege, and dedication, in mo-
tivating our citizens to national
public service.
Perhaps, some would quarrel
with the idea Of sacrifice. So.
would I, If 1t implies an accept
ance Of public breast beating by
those who seek or refuse high
places, all the while talking Of
sacrifice. Compared to the privi-
lege Of serving his country. ele-
ments Of personal sacrifice dis
count at great rate.
Rather, 1t must be stressed that
some element Of sacrifice must be
accepted If public service is to be
performed by dedicated men and
women. And like teaching or the
ministry or military service in
wartime, public service is better
performed by dedicated people.
Those who man the battlements
or seek new frontiers in effective
democratic government must be
Evening star., 1961-03-26
Continued from Page B-I

Continued from Page B-1
ing that Congress would vote
certain new revenues, Mr.. Ken
nedy declared:
"The point I wish to stress in
this message is that any budg-
etary unbalance at the close Of
fiscal 1862 win not be the result
Of any npn-defense programs that
! have submitted"
In further effort to make more
convincing his implied assertion
that he is no welfare-State spend
thrift, the President announced
that his revised military budget
expected to call for perhaps 81
billion more spending than Mr..
Eisenhower asked-would be pre-
Sented separately.
The Republican challenge came
quickly. "a fiscal fable" one Con-
gresham called the Kennedy re-
vision. Senator Williams Of Della
ware charged that the programs
the President already has sent to
Congress would require So billion
more than Mr.. Eisenhower's bud
get and asked whether Mr.. Ken
nedy was, in effect, asking that
some Of them be defeated or for
gotten.
Evening star., 1961-03-26
SURVEY OF BENEFITS
BY GEORGE w. OAKES
Contributing Writer


Federal financial aid to private
nonprofit and parochial elemen-
tary and high schools is not new.
Congress has approved different
kinds Of assistance to rlon-public
schools for years. Millions Of dol
lars have been spent for this pur-
pose.
The three major programs in
volve distribution Of surplus prop
erty, low-interest loans for sci-
ence, mathematics and foreign
language equipment and the school
lunch program. Under all these
Federal activities church-related
schools, including parochial
schools, benefit in the same way
as do other private schools.
The Surplus Property Act Of
1949 makes available to educa-
tional, health and civil defense Or
ganizations land, buildings and
equipment which the government
no longer requires. Nearly all
this property comes from the De-
tense Department as a result Of
constant changes in military
needs. In the last fiscal year $400
million worth of personal prop
erty and $23 million worth of land
and buildings were disposed Of.
Seventy-seven per cent of this
went to both public and private
educational institutions and a
small proportion to private schools.
All personal property is turned
over free except for a small hand
ling charge made by the State
administration offices that op-
crate the program. Real estate and
buildings are sold for q fraction
Of their original cost.
This is the kind Of personal
property which private, as well
as public. schools and colleges
receive: Trucks and vehicles, SCI
entific and electronic equipment,
office machines. dishwaShers. re-
frigerators and kitchen equip
ment. radios, typewriters, musical
instruments, machine and hand
tools, furniture, hardware, plus
ordinary school supplies like paper
and athletic equipment.
Property Distributed Here
Last year the values Of surplus
personal property distributed in
the District Of Columbia amounted
to $1.402.838. In Washington a
large number Of private and paro-
chial schools have received various
types Of useful equipment. The
following list of private WASH
ington schools indicates the ex-
tent to which local private educa-
tional institutions have benefited:
Archbishop Carroll High School,
Hannah Harrison School, Hebrew
Academy Of Washington, Holy
Cross Academy, immaculate
School, Maret School, National
Cathedral School, Sidwell Friends
School and st. Johns Military
Academy.
At st. Johns College the band
Evening star., 1961-03-26
The NotionoI Scene

his determined purpose to be a
prudent steward Of the public
funds"
This year he, perforce, has had
to accept for the most part what
the Eisenhower administration
had drafted for the Federal budg-
ct. Next year he viii present his
first full-blown budget. At that
time one should be able to Judge
more carefully what kind Of a
steward he will be.
Evening star., 1961-03-26

dedicated II they are to cope with
their jealous and fanatical Com
munist competitors.
The Spirit Of Dedication
Dedicated to what?
To their country-to It's sur
vival and welfare, to the increas-
ing excellence Of its government
in its performance Of key role
In o free society, to ever higher
standards Of conduct In living UP
to its ancient ideals in a chang
ing environment.
Can we hope for q better role
for this and succeeding genera
tions, than in the words Of Plato:
But when their turn comes,
toiling also at politics and ruling
the public good, not as though
they were performing some heroic
action. but simply as q matter
Of duty"
But whether duty, obligation
or privilege, public service seemed
the natural course to our Found
ing Fathers and to the much adj
mired ancient Romans such as
Cato the Younger, Of whom Plu-
tarch said:
"Since it was not in the hope
of gaining honor or riches, nor
out Of more impulse, or by chance
that he engaged himself in poll
tics, but he undertook the service
of the state as the proper business
Of an honest man, and therefore
he thought himself obliged to be
as constant to his public duty as
the bee to the honeycon1b."
Are there worthy motivations
for public service other than love
Of country and dedication to its
highest goals?
Yes, at least one deserves men
ton. It Is the exciting privilege
Of being an active living part Of
ones times.
And what times they are!
The maintenance Of peace or
the holocaust Of atomic war.
Economic growth or depression.
Sensible tax, fiscal and none
tary measures or destructive ex-
tremes Of initiation or deflation.
Expanding world trade or Amer
lea isolated.
increasingly effective systems Of
health, welfare and education or
inadequate public services.
Scientific progress on earth and
In space or a Stagnant society
amid diminishing resources.
The DOnser Of Tyronnies
The rights and dignity Of man
increasingly respected at home
and abroad or retreating to &C
ceptance Of tyrannies Of man over
man, new and old.
The happy resolution Of these
and other great issues Of our time
will depend in large measure on
those who perform public service
at the national level.
Perhaps, one story will make
the point.
Toward the end Of World War
II friend and associate left the
Government to resume q highly
successful private law practice In
New York after eight years Of fine
service at various levels Of admin
Stration in the New Deal and
Evening star., 1961-03-26

OAuCEOCCkCb11J VI tnc 1ECdS~
ury Henry H. Fowler gave his
Interpretation Of the oppOrtuni-
ties and responsibilities Of pub
lie service in an address before
the Yale University Club Of
Washington on Thursday night.
The occasion was the c0nferring
Of the clubs annual award on
William McChesney Martin,
chairman Of the Board Of Gov
ernors of the Federal Reserve
System.
Mr.. Fowler, . Washington
lawyer, has served In numerous
Government posts dating back
to 1894, including the iva, Fed
eral Power Commission, the
War Production Board, and the
Office Of Defense Mobilization.
A slightly condensed version
Of his speech follows:
Why should there ever be in
this great country, with all Of its
wealth Of human resources, any
serious question from objective
sources about the quality and cal
iber Of its public servants? Why
should there be a constant churn-
ing IN the press and. parlor about
conflicts Of interest? Why should
there be concern about enough Of
our finest people standing for
elective political office? Why
should there be any conjecture
about whether a President Ell
senhower or q President Kennedy
can get an outstanding leader in
private life to come to Washing
ton and agree to stay more than
one year? Why should there be
any failure Of our Government
personnel offices to recruit q fair
share Of the ablest and best Of
our college or university gradu-
ates?
Kennedy Admonition
Is 1t because we, as q people,
have failed too often and too
long to drive home to ourselves,
our associates and our children
President Kennedy's inaugural ad-
monition-"ask not what America
will do for you--ask what you can
do for America"
2 &
DO our schools, our parents and
teachers, in counselling young peo-
pie on their opportunities, stress
the obligation to help guide our
country to its proper destiny?
It was over a decade ago when a
noted public servant. David Lilien-
thai, made an interesting sugges-
ton, saying:
81 propose that, out Of the best
and most productive years Of each
mans life, he should carve O seq
ment In which he puts his private
career aside to serve his commu-
nifty and his country, and thereby
to serve his children. his neigh
bors. his fellowmen, and the cause
Of freedom"
The response Of the Nations
young people to the Peace Corps
proposal reveals that there viii
be an answer to calls Of patriot-
ism, without the sound Of bugles
and the summons to war.
But If young people Of ability
are encouraged and colnseled to
consider national public service.
Evening star., 1961-03-26

read about Alaska, the more I
liked it,"
First Studies in United Stutes
After getting permission from
his superiors in Spain, Father
Llorente studied at Gonzaga Uni
versity, Spokane, Wash, during
the 1930-1931 school year. During
the next three years he attended
st. Mary's College in Kansas,
and he was ordained a priest
there in 1884.
After another year of study at
Santa Clara University, south Of
San Francisco, he headed north
for his first missionary assign
ment, at church operated school
for Eskimo children at Akulurak,
on the Yukon delta.
Il was greatly impressed by the
language and customs of the Es-
kimos. At this time they were
scattered all over the. tundra. AS
a matter Of fact, in the 1000
square miles we were supposed to
cover, there were no less than 35
villages. We travelled by dog team.
II had to struggle with the
blubber and all the Eskimo foods.
The throat didn't want, but the
stomach did. It was quite
struggle"
Father Llorente sees q vast
change in the Eskimos of today
from those he knew when he first
came to Alaska.
I'm those days, very few Of
them could speak English. They
were all scattered. Now they have
congregated in large villages.
They have councils and coun-
cilmen. The children know the
names of all the movie actors
and actresses. They play cowboy
and Indians"
In the ESkimos, the Jesuit mis-
sionary sees a friendly, good-na-
tured people, who do not steal or
commit crimes "the way the
whites do"
The Write-In compoign .
Before the general election Of ;
last November 8, with the name
of only one man on the ballot for -,
representative from the District
and another man conducting q
written campaign, "the people be-
gan to talk"
There was. well, I'll put 1t this
way. There was a kind Of rum
bling. You know, before q noun
tain blows its top, there is q
rumbling."
They asked two white men In
the area to run. too, but they said
they were too busy. They began
to act like a drowning man,
reaching out for anything, so
somebody - I don't know who
said it but somebody said,
how would It be If we vote for
father"
The people of the area wrote
Bishop Francis GleeSon Of Fair
banks, Roman Catholic prelate
for Northern Alaska and told the
bishop they planned to conduct
a write-in campaign for Father
Llorente.
Letter From Superior
II got a letter from my superior,
who is next to the bishop, and he
told me he was aware Of the fact
that some of these men were try
ing to elect me, and I had better
sit tight and don't wiggle."
Father Florente won with 210
votes to 1856 for two other candi-
dates.
after the election, the bishop
decided that this was all a mis-
take. He said, If I knew then
what I know now, I would never
have allowed your name to be
used in any way whatsoever
$50 I told the bishop he had
my resignation.
1.-THE Eskimos told me If I re-
signed they would swamp the
Governor and the bishop with
kilograms and letters.
$50, I told the Bishop these
men are going to make q noise.
The bishop said. 'okay, go to
Juneau them"
So Father Llorente, who de-
clared himself Democrat, came.
Evening star., 1961-03-26
Looms for Schools

The largest loan approved 50
far is $245,500 for Cathedral High
School, Springfield, Mass.
Evening star., 1961-11-15
Professor to Get
SpeIImun Award

The Rev. Cyril Vollert, 81,
professor of dogmatic theology
at st. Mary's Kans.) College,
today will be given the Cardi-
nal Spellman Award of the
Catholic Theological Society of
America.
Cardinal Spellman will pre-
sent the award at Holy Re-
deemer College here during
the Semiannual meeting of the
board of directors of the
society.
The award, which consists of
a medal. a scroll and a check,
is given for outstanding work
in the field of sacred theology.
Father Vollert has taught at
st. Mary's for % years. He
has been guest professor Of
dogmatic theology at the Gre
gorian University in Rome and
has lectured at Marquette and
Duquesne Universities.
He has also written and
translated theological works
and is past president Of the
Neurological Society Of Amer
lea.