davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-06-09

site in others. Whenever a
particle and its twin come
together their mass is con.
verted into lighter particles.
A considerable fraction of
our research is devoted to
the study of these anti
particles
New Units Detected
Several, hitherto unknown.
have been detected by Acc
scientists. Many of these
newly found basic units are
extremely short-lived. By a
new" technique it now is pos
sible to detect one which re-
mains in existence a fraction
OF a billionth of a second,
The apparatus then is i'm
mediately ready for detection
Of the next one.
Collisions of anti-protons
with hydrogen atoms, inves-
tigated during the past six
months, has resulted in the
discovery of two new parti-
cleS, antilambda and anti
sigma hyperons which exist
for only the minutest frac-
tion of a second.
Annihilation of an anti
proton by a proton has re-
suited in production of many
new particles, referred to in
the report as strange parti-
cles." Most significant are
So called "pions," with
masses about a seventh that
OF a proton, which have been
described as "the glue hold
ing the atomic nucleus to-
gether. They exist only about
a 25-billionth Of a second
and are recreated at the
same rate. Neutrons and pro-
tons in the atomic nucleus
are bound together by the
constant exchange Of these
pionS.
Evening star., 1961-06-09

AS an organization, we have
been closely following the
proposed Federal legislation
on mass transportation.
While we appreciate The
Stars sympathetic support
for Federal action in this
field, we strongly disagree
with the arguments raised in
your editorial of June 2,
"How Best to Help" for de-
laying action another year.
When one looks carefully
at the reasons offered, it
would seem that they are
largely motivated by budge-
tary considerations designed
to water down a bill already
precariouSly balanced in
terms of its ability to stim-
ulate State and local effort
toward improving mass
transportation services.
You suggest that the ad-
ministration thinks there is
perhaps room for some sort
of Federal = local matching
fund formula" The mass
transportation provisions
now in the Senate housing
bill are notifications of the
Williams bill passed by the
Senate last year and REIN
troduced earlier this year.
They propose a grant pro-
gram Of $50 million for pilot
mass transportation demon
stration projects, with the
local governments sharing
one-third of the cost and the
Federal Government sharing
two-thirds of the cost. There
is also a proposed loan pro-
gram of $100 million, which
requires full local repay
ment with interest. To fur
ther dilute the loan program
with a sharing" formula
would simply mean that the
local governments could not
even obtain a Federal loan
for the full cost of a given
project.
1t is also suggested that
provisions for a form Of
Federal guaranty might be
useful" This means a Fed
eral guaranty of private
loans rather than a direct
Federal loan. By no stretch
of the imagination can a
guaranty program be con-
Sidered as a substitute for an
Evening star., 1961-06-09
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used u
letters carry t0rtteTs' correct
names and addresses. An let
ters are subject to coTsdensu-
tton. Those not used tCiH be
returned only tDhen accom-
panied By self : addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-06-09
John B. Fitzpatrick.

cnanneled into the local
communities next year. AS
suming-and it's only an
assumption II that the ad-
ministration's recommended
tions will enjoy the same
strong bipartisan support in
Congress that has already
been demonstrated on the
Williams bill, there would
seem to be only three basic
alternatives: The adninis-
tration. can recommend a
more liberal program, which
does not include the fea-
lures Of the Williams bill.
1t can recommend a more
liberal or comprehensive
program, which does in
clude those features. Or it
can recommend a watered-
down version of the Williams
bill.
On the first choice it would
be a rare administration that
would recommend a more
extensive program without
knowing whether the more
modest provisions of the Will
liams bill are sufficient to do
the.job.
If the administration is in
clining toward the second
choice, why is it reluctant
to take what it can get now?
If it is thinking of water
ing-down the Williams bill,
1t will be disregarding the
voluminous expert testimony
that has already been given
on the subject by men who
have to deal with the prob
lem every day.
We hope the administra-
tion will see fit to support
this badly needed program
now included in the housing
bill. But if the administra-
ton is irrevocably committed
to delaying action for
another year, it could at
least give the public some
precise reinsurance that it is
genuinely serious about COM
ing to grips in a meaningful
way with the stea dily
worsening and economically
stultifying problem of urban
traffic congestion.
John w. EdeIman.
Chairman, Housing Sub
committee AFL-CIO Legis-
lative Committee.
Evening star., 1961-06-09

actual loan program, as nu-
merous studies have indi-
Gated, including the so-called
Doyle report prepared for the
Senate Commerce Committee.
A guaranty program can be a
useful supplement to a di-
rect loan program and the
administration could easily
and quickly prepare such leg
islation or endorse the
guaranty proposals that have
already been introduced in
Congress if it so desired.
Another point made is the
need for adequate plans be-
fore Federal funds are ex-
tended for capital invest
ments. First of all, many
urban areas have numerous
plans for feasible improve
ments in mass tranSporta-
ton service, which need only
money to implement them.
There is, Of course, need for
much more effective compre-
hensive land use and trans
portation planning on a
regional basis in the metro
politan areas, but this takes
a great deal of time, as was
the case with the plans here
in Washington, and if all
action is postponed until
such plans are completed,
many areas may find them
selves without any rail transit
left to SAVE.
Furthermore, the Williams
bill probably goes farther
than any other existing Fed
eral aid program in terms Of
requiring the kind of plan
ming necessary. It puts the
metropolitan areas on notice
that no funds will be avail
able after three years unless
a comprehensive program of
planning and organization
has been achieved. In the
meantime it prohibits any
loans unless the administra-
tor determines that the
equipment and facilities can
reasonably be',expected to be
required in any comprehen-
sive mi ass transportation
system.
Finally the editorial sug-
gests that the administra-
ton will have its own recon-
mendations in shape by the
time any funds could be
Evening star., 1961-06-09
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
ACC Stimulates Earth Core Materials
BY THOMAS r. HENRY

Materials quite similar to
those which must exist at the
enormous pressures and tenn
peratureS near the center of
the earth now are being pro-
duced in Atomic Energy
Commission experiments.
It is the next thing to hav-
ing actual samples of the
stuff deep in the planets
interior.
Such materials, it is found,
differ quite strikingly in their
properties from the same ma
terialS on the globes sur
face. Ordinary table salt, for
example, becomes q metal.
Iodine becomes a new and re-
markable kind of metal.
The conditions are pro-
duced in about a millionth of
a second by explosively driv-
en- shock waves. The new ma
terialS remain in existence
very briefly. but long enough
for chemists at the Commits
Sion'S Lawrence Radiation
Laboratory at the California
Institute of Technology to
determine some Of their
strange characteristics. The
pressure produced amounts
to as much as a few million
pounds per square inch, or
millions Of times that found
ordinarily at the planets sur
face.
Different Properties
cat these high pressures
and temperatures" says an
Acc report, "all materials
have quite different proper
ties. It is found, for instance,
that almost all materials
which are insulators under
ordinary conditions become
metallic or conduct electric
ity very well. Most materials
under these conditions have
a different arrangement Of
their atoms than they do
ordinarily.
1.-THE big problem was
whether this rearrangement
of the atoms could take place
in the extremely short time
of a millionth Of a second.
The surprising result was
that the rearrangement did
take place; even though the
same rearrangement was
tried by applying pressures
slowly the Transformation
required hours, if it took
place at all.
"It was thus possible to
make diamonds from graph
ite at pressures above 700,-
600 atmoSpheres, even though
these diamonds soon disin-
tegrated because of the heat"
4 4 =
Approximately 80 elemen-
tary particles Of matter now
are known in nature. In all
sorts of combinations they
make up the nuclei of all
atoms. The list has expand
ed in the past few years from
three known particles-elec-
tron, proton and neutron.
The present situation is
described in a report Just
issued by the Atomic Energy
Commission.
Almost every particle"
says the report, has a twin,
or anti-particle, identical in
some properties and oppo-
Evening star., 1961-06-09

G6NG VA
Unless the United States
gets a quick helping hand
from Soviet Premier Khru-
shchev, its position at this
Laotian peace conference
threatens to become not only
ridiculous but untenable.
There are those, Of course,
who believe miracles viii
happen. There are those who
think the Russians have
really been fooling here for
the last month and that now
that Mr.. Khrushchev has
met President Kennedy in
Vienna things will be differ
ent.
, According to this happy
version, now that Foreign
Minister Gromyko has re-
turned to Geneva, the confer
ence can really get down to
the business of inSuring a
neutral and independent Laos
under international guaran-
tees. Mr.. Gromyko will drop
his demands for a Russian
veto to an effective interna-
tional commission for polio
ing the cease-fire. The Com
muniSt military attacks in
Laos which have continued
throughout the talks here in
Geneva will come to an end.
If this miracle does not
occur, however, the United
States eventually will be
forced to face up to the un-
pleasant reality of the situa-
ton in Laos and Geneva.
And this is something that it
has steadfastly refused to do.
The instructions of Ameri-
can Delegate Hartman are
apparently to stand fast in
the quicksand. He has been
told that he should not at
tend any more sessions Of the
conference until the cease-fire
issue has been settled. But
at the same time, he also has
been told to make no move
to break off the talks. He is
merely to wait, even if while
he waits the military con-
quest of Laos by the Commu-
nistS is quietly accomplished.
Nobody Fooled ..
This is, in fact, what seems
quite possible. Efforts to
minimize the recent Commu-
mist military actions in Laos
and to claim that time is
really on the side of the
Royal Laos forces, are con-
vincing to nobody.
The town Of Padong in
North Laos which fell this
week was an important CEN
ter Of resistance and supply
for anti Communist guerrilla
fighters. Two weeks ago in
telligence estimates indicated
the Communist forces could
take over the entire country
any time they wished to
Evening star., 1961-06-09

American would travel any,
where to kowtow to the head
of any foreign government?
I don't think this opinion
would count among people
who count" anywhere in the
Free World.
David Duncan.
(E ditor's Note: This
papers opinions are expressed
in its editorials, not in its
columns.)
Evening star., 1961-06-09
Views of Vienna
David Duncan.

Since the cult Of youth has
reached gigantic proportions
in this country, it is perhaps
not too surprising to read
in our newspapers how Mrs.
Kennedy triumphed over
Mrs. Khrushchev in every ap-
pearance they made in
Vienna. Was this good re-
porting? 1t is possible that
the world at large may still
consider that comparisons
are odiouS, and Judge ac-
cordingly.
Kathleen L. Klein.
4 4
Kennedy bloopers are
already assuming legendary
proportions. Our Presidents
Cuban invasion flop and
tractor mess will stand as
memorials to inept states
manship for years to come.
Now we read that Kennedy
at his first meeting with
Khrushchev in Vienna al
most sat on Mrs. Khru-
shchev's lap! This one is truly
fabulous. obviously, we
should keep Jack in the
country from now on, and
entrust the handling of
foreign affairs to Dean Rusk,
a mature and experienced
diplomat. . Because at the
next summit our youthful
President might decide to sit
on Mr.. Khrushchev's lap.
This could have dire results
for the Nation, since it is no
secret that Nikita has none
Of the tender and loving
qualities of Mrs. Khrushchev.
David HuOhaS
Evening star., 1961-06-09
Kked at Lawrence

David Lawrence constantly
claims, with a deal of YER
bosity, to possess an omnis-
cience denied to newsmen
trained to rely on facts, so
that his vaporings and prog
noSticationS in his self-ap-
pointed role of a modern Cas-
sandra become more than a
trifle boring.
In his column commenting
on the Kennedy -Khrushchev
meeting, he attempts to in
sinuate, not too subtly,
About the only gain that
can be chalked UP now for
Mr.. Kennedy is on the politi--
cal side within the United
States," and that President
Kennedy went 1000 miles by
sea and land to kowtow to
(Mr. KhruShchev)."
Mr.. Lawrence has disre-
garded the reliably reported
reactions Of the leaders of the
free world to the meeting,
but he regards them as mem
bers Of a Western alliance,
weakened by conflicting pur-
poses, and also by the steady
erosion Of the spirit of re-
sistance."
He pontificates sadly: "It
is a sad hour for the cause
OF liberty and democracy.
Manifestations of defeatism
are never good omens."
What such manifestations
OF defeatism" are, seem to be
Columnist Lawrence's per-
Sonal secret. Perhaps in
another column he may con-
descendingly' admit us to his
confidence.
Grey Leslie.
= = = .
For an opinion that counts
among people who count
read The Star every day.
from current Washington
Evening Star radio and TV
ad.
The following opinion ap-
peared in David Lawrence's
column in The Star of May
5, 1861: "The total impress
sion left on many people by
the latest summit conference
is that a President of the
United States went 1000
miles across sea and land to
kowtow to a man (Khru-
shchev) ;. :"
Does The Star think, as
apparently David Lawrence
does, that President Kennedy
or any other responsible
Evening star., 1961-06-09
Answers to Questions
By THE HASKINS SERVICE

A. reader can get an answer. bv
mall, to any question Of fact by
writing The Star Information Bn.
reau. 6S5 F street NV. WASHINGTON
4, d. c. Please inclose return post
age or self-addressed. stamped
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1961-02-24
Industry Developers
ToSeek Town, County
Governments Hell p

The Famvle Development
industry shows stockholders
nua meeting Monday night to pen indicating
that their opinion the really
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1961-02-24

acreage allotments, marketing
quotas with penalties on mar
ketingS of excess tobacco, and
price supports on the three crops.
An unfavorable vote will mean
there will be no allotmentS. no
quotas, no penalties. and no price
support on the 1861 crop. Such a
vote would mean a referendum
next year on quotas for three
crop years.
Many appea have been
sounded urging the farmer to
vote TO let it be known what he
wants. Congressman Watkins M.
Abbitt said. Il sincerely trust
that an overwhelming majority of
the producers are Interested
enough III the future welfare of
their tobacco TO take the time
and trouble to 60 tn the proper
polling place and record their
opinions regarding acreage allot
mentS and marketing quotas SO
that officials In the Agriculture
Department will be in a better
position to know the true senti-
ments Of the producers as to the
program.
Supports Program
Thomas B Hall. Jr., general
CONTINUED on page ~
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1961-02-24
Leaders Coll For Large Vote
Fire-Cured Growers To Decide
Fate OF Marketing Quotas Today

Fire cured tobacco growers
will vote today Friday. Febru-
airy "a, in a referendum on mar
keting quotas for the next three
crops.
Growers throughout the fire
cured area will have a choice of
approving quotas for the 1861.
1862 and 1868 crops. or of disap-
proving the program. At. least
two-thirds of the growers voting
must approve quotas if they are
to remain in effect.
Eligible to vote are any per-
sons having an interest in the
1860 crop of fire-curcd tobacco.
That includes the owner. oper-
operator. share tenant or share
cropper.
Also eligible TO vote arc any
persons who included flrc-cured
tobacco acreage in the 1860 Soil
Bank Conservation serve.
whose 1860 allotment was pre-
served under Section 377 of the
Act. That section of the act pro-
tects acreage history Of a farm
if the grower plants as much as
rs per cent of his allotment dur
ing the current year or during
either Of the two preceding years.
A favorable vote viii mean
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1961-02-24
Group To Stage
Aeschylus Drama

The Orcsteia" of AeSchylus
will be presented in Jarnan Hall
March 8 at 800 pm. by Players
Incorporated, the longest run
ming national repertory COM
pany in the United States.
This acting version of one of
the masterpieces of Greek trag-
edy was presented OIL telcvision
in 1859 by Omnibus. The three
plays Of the Orestela Trllngy
have been adapted into one
theatre evening by Leo Brady.
The company has recently
completed an off Broadway en-
gagement at the Carnegie Hall
Playhouse III New York City.
They have made several trips
abroad under the auspices of the
Department of Defense to en-
tertain troops in Korea, Japan,
the Europealf=GOlunand and the
Arctic Circle.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1961-02-24
H-SC Announces
Faculty Addition

Edmund Taylor Kittleman has
been named assistant professor
of chemistry at Hampden-Syd-
ney College, effective September
/, 1861.
Prof. Kittleman is a native of
Greenville, Miss. He received
his B. S. degree in Zoology at
Yale University in 1850: the B.
A. in Classics and NJ S. in
Chemistry from the University
Of Mississippi. In June. 1851. he
will receive his Phi. d degree
from the University of North
Carolina. The title Of his thesis
is "SynthesiS and Reactions Of
Chromium ChelateS.
His teaching experience in
cludeS that of instructor III chem
istry at the University of Miss
iSsippi and graduate assistant,
research fellow, and teaching
fellow at the University of North
Carolina.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1961-02-24

This is one form of diversifi-
cation which requires little CAPT.
tai. In fact. if the landowner uses
government help already avail
able through county Agricultural
Conservation and Sterilization Of
fees, and does the work planting
seedlings himself, there is practi-
cally no capital outlay required.
Excess Cutting
The fact that county farmers
are overlooking this avenue to
higher. steadier income can't be
disputed. Figures show that the
timber cut here is exceeding re-
planting of seedlings, and that
surrounding counties are surpass-
ing Prince Edwards annual re-
planting many, many times over.
Last year. Prince Edward
farmers planted only 800, 300
seedlings about 495 acres
worth. The pulpwood cut was
81, l07 cords, or about 1,7O5 acres
worth. That cutting excess, if con-
tinued. will reduce a vital seq
ment of the farm economy here
drastically. Foresters advise that
the planting rate should be four
or five times greater than it is.
Forest products are the coun-
tvs third highest source of farm
income. Last years pllpWood cut
brought farmers S475, 900, and
more was added from the sale
of sawtimber. Growing forest
products does pay good returns.
But the seedlings aren't being
planted to replace the cut. Too
Continued on page ~
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1961-02-24

Farmvi lilies sixth annual
George Washington's Birthday
sale was by far the largest and
best. T. B. Rose, chairman of the
Retail Trade Committee, said to-
day.
From all indications the sales
event was the most successful
ever held here" Rose said Some
stores reported the special"
seeking customers topped the
crowds during a Christmas rush
peak.
The give-away of silver dollars
during on-the-street radio inter-
views by Station WFLO proved
to be quite popular. and provided
some idea of the distance people
Travelled for the sale. Represent
ed among the winners were per-
sons from Charlotte. Cumber-
land. Buckingham, and Amelia
counties. The dollars were pro-
vided by Farmville merchants.
Largest-Ever Crowd
Police Chief Otto S. Overton
sized up the crowd as one of the
largest ever in Farmville for any
kind of sale. He noted that all of
the parking lots were filled, and
many automobiles lined up on
residential streets.
Arrival of the crowd was pic
tured in this manner by the
Chief: AT about 8 o'clock they
started coming in. and by nine
they were Swar1ning into town.
Traffic continued heavy until
after 3 pm"
Additional patrolmen were
placed on duty to keep a smooth
flow Of traffic. Chief Overton re-
ported that the day was "acci-
dent free"
The retail trade chairman also
took note Of the fact that crowds
hung on throughout the day. Rose
said, There was a morning rush,
but unlike in the past the people
found the values in sufficient
abundance to keep them here
practically the entire day."
With the streets bedecked in
flags to commemorate the birth
day of the nations first presi-
dent, the air of a big holiday
was evident. More than so stores
participated in the promotion pro-
gram.
An innovation for the shopper
was free coffee on Main street.
1--WE couldn't make it fast enough
to handle the takers" one work
er at the booth said.
The Bargain Hunter
Here is a reporters observa-
ton made at a bargain counter:
SALE this word is synony-
nous to mirth in a fashion. for
there is nothing quite as comical
as the human being in search of
the inevitable bargain.
At the Washington's Birthday
Sale here Wednesday. this re-
porter spotted a friend among
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1961-02-24

THE DOUBLE SATELLITE
which was launched Tuesday
from Cape Canaveral is not liv-
ing up to expectations. Scien-
fists at the Johns Hopkins APP
piled Physics Laboratory said
Wednesday the satellites ap-
peared to be orbiting a little
more than 100 miles above the
earch in tie a d Of the target
height of 500 miles. There was
also evidence the two units had
not separated as. they were sup
posed to. Nevertheless, this was
the fourth successful satellite
shot for the U. S. within a week.
AT THE UNITED NATIONS
the U. S. is repeatedly urging
Belgium to pressure President
TShombe of Katanga province to
join a federation OF Congo states
which would cooperate with the
UN. Tshombe declared Katanga
independent last summer, and
he called this weeks UN resolu-
ton giving UN troops in the
Congo the authority to use force
to prevent a civil war and call
ing for the removal of foreigners
from the Congo an act of war.
TshcnIbc is using Belgium Of
ficers to train his army and Bel
GUM teChnicians to build his
country. This Belgium support
Of rebel government has been
bitterly attacked by Russia as a
new form Of coloniallSm and has
put the U. S. in a somewhat EN-
barasSing position. The U. S. is
pressing Belgium not to allow
its nationals to go to Katanga as
mercenary soldiers.
KING RAUDOIN dissolved the
Belgium parliament this week
and ordered national elections to