davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-12-01
Republicans Quarrel

Said the disappointed suit
or: If 1 can't get you, I'll
make sure the other fellow
won't; I'll lock you up"
Your recent report of a
speech made to the Midway
Civic Association by the D. C.
Republican chairman, Carl
Shipley. clearly carried this
implication, when he indi-
Gated a Republican Congress
might repeal the right of Dis
trict residents to vote in
presidential elections if
Washingtonians registered
solidly Democratic. The as
sumption that the 23d
Amendment can be used as
a party tool is pretty shock
ing, as is Mr.. Shipley's con-
tempt for the intelligence of
his audience. People usually
vote for the party they be-
lieve will be the most re-
sponsive to their needs.
During the 8 years the Re-
publicanS were in power here,
never did the party leaders
identify with any health, well
fare, job opportunity equal
ity, real estate or other eco
nomic benefit. They have
never been concerned with
any effort, public or private,
to cope with our local de-
pendency and delinquency
problems. They have made
no contribution towards the
breakdown of race barriers.
Instead, a large number Of
committee members held and
hold interests directly op-
posed to racial economic
equality. Briefly, they hold
to the image of the status
quo" rather than the "peo-
pies" party.
D. C. Republicans have a
right to know if Mr.. Ship
ley's remarks are backed up
by his committee and did
they authorize his threat
ening remarks? The Repub-
lican State Committee should
be asked and required to an
swer these questions, and if
the answer is yes" it is
obvious that voting in the
city will go along about as
is. until a change of leader
ship and an overhaul of local
party policies is effected. Per-
sonally I doubt that the
party, as it now is, wants or
will make such changes.
COrina Rogers.
Member, G. o. P. State
Committee, 1952-1960.
Evening star., 1961-12-01
Disputes Lawrence

David Lawrence is still pro-
testing against the Supreme
Courts 1954-5 public school
desegregation rulings, and
with the same frayed and
fallacious argument "spiced"
with a new twist. This time
(The Star, Nov. 25) he re-
ferS to an alleged multiplying
effect of the exodus of white
residents from the central
city but reverts to repetition
of the misleading argument
that the court relied on psy-
Geological evidence in the
Brown case 1954) and not
also in the Plessy case 1896.
Somehow, the Plessy de-
cision establishing the "sepa-
rate but equal" doctrine is
regarded by him to have been
sound legal reasoning de-
spite the fact that the court
held that racial segregation
did not place upon the Negro
petitioner a badge of in
feriority" except as he chose
to regard it as doing so. Any
conception of a badge of
inferiority" must be based
upon psychological consider
ations and at a time 1896
when there were no scientific
psychological research find
ings regarding the effects of
racial prejudice and discrim-
ination on minorities. In fact,
psychological thought and
study in America were still
awaiting the impetus which
William James was to give
to it after the findings in
Plessy had become supreme
law"
Thus, if the Brown de-
ciSion is unSound because
it was based upon psyche
logical findings scientifically
arrived att. the Plessy de-
ciSion was even more unSound
since it was based on I'M
scientific psychological imag-
ination.
Mr.. LaWrence's almost
passing reference to "reseg-
regation" via the suburban
movement is another example
of how he distortS the facts.
He refuses to face up to the
probable results of irnpend-
ing court tests of racial dis
Evening star., 1961-12-01
Money for Research

Everyone wants economy. And
whenever cuts in Government spending
are made, as the President said at his
news conference the other day, there
are always complaints about it,"
No doubt complaints are justified in
some cases. But one of them most
certainly is not the million cut in
spending which has been ordered for
the National Institutes of Health. Sec
retary Ribicoff made this plain enough
few weeks ago. Mr. Kennedy now has
given an even more emphatic explana-
ton, and his comments should put to
rest once and for all any lingering
thoughts that the medical research pro-
gram of the Federal Government is
being sighted
AS an example. the administration
sought $583 million this year for the
NIH-the bulk of which involved medical
research. This amount substantially
Increased the Eisenhower budget request,
and represented what it was felt was
needed and could reasonably be spent.
But then the annual medical-research
derby began on Capitol Hill The House
increased the requested $3.50 million to
S641 million. Then the Senate upped
The House figure to 1885 million. Con-
greSS eventually compromised on S738
million.
According to the HEW, about S15.8
million Of this overly-liberal appropri-
alton could not have been spent this
year, even if the Ribicoff cut had not
been made, for the simple reason that
there are not expected to be sufficient
research projects approved to require
that amount. At any rate, the $500
million which still is left to the NH
after the cut is fully 346 per cent higher
than the sum available last year. One
critical branch of the NIH-the National
Cancer 1nStitute-haS 247 per cent more
money this year than it had in fiscal 1861.
Perhaps it is not generally known,
but it has not been unusual for the NH
to turn back to the Treasury money
which it was unable for one reason or
another to use. Last year, for example,
some $13,692,000 in appropriated money
remained unspent because thcr" Acre
not enough research projects to be
funded.
Surely few Federal expenditures are
more important to the Nation than
those which finance the complex and
multitudinous research programs which
are needed to achieve breakthroughs in
the fight against illness and disease.
Congress clearly must see to it that
there is sufficient money to achieve
these goals. 1t is just as clear, however,
that overzealousness on the part of
some members of Congress can approach
the ridiculous. And when that happens,
it is the duty of responsible admins
tration to step in and set things right.
Evening star., 1961-12-01
Old Issue-New Uroency

The fact that Congress is still in
recess is not delaying the forming of
battle lines on perhaps the most complex
and controversial issue which will come
before it in the early months of 1862.
Broadly speaking, the issue is that of
international trade policy with ex-
piration Of the Reciprocal Trade Agree
mentS Act next June providing a dead
line for legislative action.
Enacted in 1884 and renewed for
the eleventh time in 1858, this law under
which the President has limited au-
thority to reduce tariffs in the course
of reaching trade agreements with other
countries currently satisfies neither side
in the fight that is shaping up.
Emerging with increasing clearness
in the past fortnight is the Kennedy
administrations position in favor of a
greater freedom Of world trade. Mr..
Kennedy told his news conference this
week that he would consult congressional
leaders in December, and that he ex-
pected to present program to the Con-
greSS in January. 1t has been indicated
that one provision will be request to
give the President greatly expanded
powers to negotiate reciprocal tariff
reductions on whole categorieS of
products rather than on individual
items as at present. The so-called peril
point and eScape-clauSe provisions, by
which safeguards are now provided to
certain industries, would be modified if
not eliminated. AS an alternative, where
companies or workers are found to be
hurt by tariff cuts, there have been
suggestions of system of transitional
subsidies"
Mounting on the other side, however,
is more determined than ever pro-
tect1onlSt Sentiment-preparing to fight
for higher tariffs, instead of lower, and
even for import quotas designed to limit
competition from foreign goods in our
own markets. The claim that this
competition already is endangering jobs
and even whole industries at home
provides the principal ammunition for
the protectioniStS, line of attack In
congressional election year that may
defeat the administration efforts to
liberalize the law in 1862
If single factor is at the heart of
this controversy, it is the impressive
growth and strength of the European
Common Market. Around the nucleus
of six West European nations, with
others now virtually begging admission,
this association already has become one
of the great industrial and economic
power centers of the world. While re-
ducing trade barriers within itself, it is
raising them, or is in position to, against
outsiders. Relatively, its productivity is
high and its costs low - making it
tougher for imports to penetrate it's
area and offering its own goods for
export at highly competitive prices. 1t
is largely as defense against this bloc
that American protectionists seek higher
barriers against its goods. But it is to
bargain with this bloc on behalf of our
own export trade, and perhaps to help
toughen American industry to meet
competition both at home and abroad,
that the administration seeks powers
which we'll may be essential in this part
of the Twentieth Century.
Evening star., 1961-12-01
RoeioI Appraisal

Being familiar with the
predictions of the hard-core
equalitarian members of the
American Anthropological
Association, I should not
have been surprised if they
had Called Negro Not In
ferior." according to The
Star.
But, according to the
quoted resolution, they
merely: Rejected the state
ments of others that the
Negro was biologically, and in
innate mental ability, in
ferior to the whites without
offering anything to indicate,
much less demonstrate, the
error of such statement. They
also stated that no scientific
proof had been offered to
show that the Negro wasn't
smart enough or physically
capable of sharing with others
the benefits deriving from the
United States Constitution
and a democratic and tech
nological society or that, lack
ing such capabilities, they
should be excluded from those
enjoying such benefits.
While the news item re-
ferred to the fact that the
resolution was adopted by a
vote of 1872 to 0, it failed to
mention the fact that there
were at least 1900 others in
attendance at the convention.
For whatever reason, those
others abstained from vot-
ing on the resolution.
The reason for such alb
stention may lie in the fact,
as stated by Carleton Put
nam in his recently published
Race and Reason" that
m any anthropolo ogists,
though disagreeing entirely
with the equalitarians, fail
to express such disagree
ment because they fear re-
prisal at the hands of those
in managerial and financial
control of the colleges.
J. Edgar Snider.
Evening star., 1961-12-01
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
A Searching Look at the Universe
By THOMAS R. HENRY

approximately 10000, 0,O00,O00,-
900, 0,000.000.000 miles--or the
distance traversed by light in
500 million years-has just
gone into operation in Aus
tralia.
1t is the worlds newest and
probably most far-reaching
astronomical instrument and
it is expected to help solve
some important astronomi-
cal problems. 1t will be
able. says the report, to look
10 times farther into the uni
verse than the worlds best
optical telescope, that of the
Carnegie Institution of Wash
ington on Mount Palomar,
Calf.
Not a Visual Operation
Actually nobody looks or
sees anything through this
instrument. 1t is designed
to pick up short-wave radia-
ton, from which a great deal
can be interpreted, from the
present known fringeS of the
universe.
Its only rival, says the
Australian report, is he Brit
ish radio-telescope near Mai
chester, which is slightly
larger. However, it is regard
ed as considerably superior in
surface accuracy and in it's
control system, which will
enable it to be trained on
a moving point in the heav-
ems without wavering from
it.
1t cost S1.8 million, part
of which was contributed by
the Rockefeller Foundation
and the Carnegie Corpora
ton. 1t will be able to take
part in such efforts as the
present worldwide Project
Ozma in which astronomers
are listening for apparently
intelligent radio signals from
other worlds in space.
The telescope at present is
being used by Australian as
tronomerS on a few special
projects. Soon, however, its
use will be thrown open to
the world, for other astron-
omerS on their own special
research projects.
The new instrument. ac-
cording to the report, stands
nearly 200 feet high. 1t has
been set up about 200 miles
west of Sydney.
Evening star., 1961-12-01
Against Book Bunninq
WASNIHGtoW sAN

1 protest the recent ban
ming by Montgomery County
officials Of "Tropic of Can
Ger" from the public book
shelves as a move incredibly
dangerous, and I charge that
the ramifications of this act
will be infinitely more harm
full to our community than
the danger this action is in
tended to prevent. Are the
citizens Of Montg mery
County to be- considered so
weak-willed and so morally
incapable that they must be
protected" from contact
with values other than their
own or other than those Of
some Of their fellow citizens?
Are we really to be led to
the belief that our children
will grow up more healthy
in a society free of contact
with the different and pru-
rient than in a society free
of the contact with freedom?
If a child's parents put
cushions on the sharp edges
of all the tables in their
home. he will surely not
bruise his head. But he will
just as surely never be able
to go into a home that does
not have such cushions. He
will just as surely not develop
an inner sense of what is
dangerous and what is not.
He will just as surely be un-
able to enter new situations
with self-confidence, and he
will certainly consider the
protection of his parents a
necessity in all experiences
(ano making all the tables
round would be pretty unin-
teresting and reStricting).
If the leaders of any
branch of our Government
want to create a fused elec-
torate of dependent citizens,
if the leaders of our county
want citizens who cannot
exercise independent judg-
ment and, therefore, must
grab hold of the Govern
ment apron-Strings for guild
ance, if the leaders of Mont
gomery County want a COM
munity in which deviation is
to be considered ipso facto
wrong, and the norms of the
people in power ipSo facto
right. and the expression of
individuality to be fraught
with anxiety. then they have
surely and most brilliantly
started with the right move.
The freedom to be bored,
disguised, shocked and con-
fused is still freedom, and a
type of freedom which is
essential for healthy, ra-
tional growth.
Even if the court rules
"Tropic" is safe" the citi-
zens of Montgomery County
should not let this question
of government censorship
lie dormant. AS long as men
in office, or our fellow citi-
zenS, would restrict our free
dom to acquire books on any
subject or for any reason,
then there is cause for con-
Germ and vigilance.
Rabbi Edwin H. Friedman
Temple Shalom Suburban
Reform Congregation
Evening star., 1961-12-01
Commendotion

In the name of all the
ladies of the Sodality of st.
Johns, I would like to COM
mend you on your magnifi-
cent editorial in connection
with the recent statement of
the Catholic bishops.
We feel that the bishops
have said much which de-
mands careful consideration
by the members of all faiths,
and we are gratified that The
Star has understood the true
import of their message and
endeavored to make the peo-
pie of this area aware of it's
content.
We extend our congratula-
tions to your paper for it's
excellent presentation of news
events and for the high cal
iber of thought-provoking ed
itorials that are consistently
found within its pages.
Mary E. Cousins.
Secretary, st. John the
Evangelist Sodality, Clin-
ton, Md.
Evening star., 1961-12-01
Decade of Good Service

It was just ten years ago today that
Robert v. Murray assumed command of
the Metropolitan Police Department as
it's chief Conditions in the department
then were anything but good. There
had been a series of Investigations and
disclosures concerning police personnel
that had shaken the morale of the
department and aroused public concern.
But Chief Murray, a twenty-one-year
veteran of the force with an outstanding
record of service from private to assist
Evening star., 1961-12-01

Creation is almost empty,
despite its millions of galaXies
of billions of stars. The
mean density of matter and
energy together-they are eS-
sentially Interchangeable -
throughout its vast eXpanSeS
is only about four quadril-
lionths of a quadrillionth Of
a gram, almost a complete
vacuum.
Such is the calculation Of
DR.. Allan Sandage of the
Carnegie Institutions Mount
Wilson. Calf, Observatory,
just reported to the National
Academy of Sciences. Its ra-
dius, as calculable from the
most distant objects yet per-
ceived with the most power
full telescopes is about II bill
lion light years, or the dis
tance covered in that period
by light moving at about
1000 miles a second.
Light from galaxies now at
the limit of the 200-inch
Mount Wilson telescope, DR..
Sandage figures, started on
it's journey about four billion
years ago. These calcula-
tions are obtained with the
use of Einsteinian geometry
which does not regard every
thing" as three -dimenSional.
Universe Changing
We now observe the prop
critics of these distant gall
axies, he says. as they were
this long ago and not as
they are today. Individual
stars in the very faraway
galaxies cannot be discrimi-
mated and may not have
existed at the time their light
started. They have evolved
out of the primal gases in
the immense time interval,
DR.. Sandage says.
That the universe is ex-
panding and consequently
that its content is growing
thinner now is generally ac-
cepted by astronomers. His
mathematical calculations
indicate, DR.. Sandage reports,
that the expansion will con-
tinue forever.
Much of the determination
rests on the shift of galaxy
light towards the red end of
the spectrum, which gives a
fair indication of their dis
tance.
4 = =
A telescope that can "see"
Evening star., 1961-12-01
LETTERS TO THE STAR

. Pen names may be used II
letters carry iDrtters' correct
names and addresses. All let
tiers are subject to condensa-
tton. Those not used tcilI be
returned only tDhen accom-
panied by self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-12-01
THE WORLD
Geneva Failure Poses q Problem
By CROSBY S. NOYE.
Foreign Correspondent Of The Stor

was mace unoer very dl1-
ferent circumstances"
These differences, how
ever, will be hard to explain
to most of the people in the
world. So far as they are
concerned, humanitarian
considerations are exactly
the same, whether the tests
are being run by the Rus
slams or the Americans. This
particular Russian proposal,
which would eliminate the
only kind of nuclear test that
produces dangerous fallout,
is bound to exert a strong at
traction throughout the
world.
Earlier Offer a mistake" r
The real reason it was
turned down is that Ameri-
can experts at Geneva-and
quite possibly President Ken
nedy as well-now believe
that the original Anglo
American offer was a bad
mistake made under extreme
pressure from the British.
The fact is that the detection
of nuclear tests in the atmoS-
phere is by no means fool
proof under a certain size.
And tests under water and in
outer space are still some
thing of a mystery.
Beyond these technical
difficulties, national policing
of any test ban raises sticky
problems. Presumably, under
the Russian offer detection Of
a nuclear explosion by the
other side would make any
agreement null and void.
But in the absence Of any
international authority, who
is to decide which side is tell
ing the truth? If Russia
wished to conduct a new Sc
ries of nuclear tests for in
stance, nothing would be
easier than to accuse the
United States of having ex-
ploded a bomb in the atmos-
phere as long as no impartial
referee existed to check the
accuracy of the charge.
With all these problems
the Russian offer still de-
serves far more careful ham
ding than it has received so
far. Its apparent reasonable
ness-added to the fact that
the allies have already sug-
gested something similar
gives Mr.. Tsarapkin an ideal
propaganda club to beat his
opponents for a long time to
come. Nor is 1t only the
gullible and feeble-minded
who will fall for the line.
Already newspapers as steady
and sober as LIE Monde of
Paris are wondering whether
it would not be "in the in
terestS of the whole inter-
national community" to take
the Russians at their word
and proclaim their accept
ance of an undertaking linn
tied to experiments in the
lower atmosphere"
Technically and legally,
perhaps, the deadlock at
Geneva leaves the United
States free to carry out any
tests which may be required
IN the interests OF western
security. In that event, how
ever, tests in the atmosphere
will present enormous moral
and political problems to the
United States. After the re-
cent debates in the United
Nations there can be no il
lusions about the attitude CT
the uncommitted countries.
Even the London Times is
arguing these days that the
West should not resume
major testing unless over
whelming military reasons
require it," adding that so
far there is no sign of such
reasons"
Evening star., 1961-12-01
GENEVA

Although the talks may go
on almost indefinitely, the
Western delegations have
now abandoned any hope
that the Russians will sign
a controlled nuclear test ban
under the present circum-
stances.
Several days of unprofit-
able probing" of Soviet
Delegate Semyom Tsarapkin
has convinced these Western
leaders that Russia is now
fatty unwilling to consider
any form of international
control within its borders.
Mr.. Tsarapkin has been quite
specific on that point.
The time has come, he
says, to be realistic. War to-
day is an imminent danger.
Any spark could set off the
fire. To expect the Soviet
Union to allow International
ly stated control posts on its
territory is to expect it to
allow "legalized espionage"
The test ban treaty on which
the three powers have labored
hopefully for three long years
is now for all practical pur-
poses, a dead letter.
The talks will go on, partly,
as one delegate put it. "be-
cause it is a primary rule of
diplomacy to keep your lines
of communication open" Be-
sides this, as late as last sum-
mer the Western negotiators
were convinced that Russia
still sincerely wanted a treaty.
And the fact that they were
already preparing their long
series of nuclear tests does
not necessarily mean that
this impression was wrong.
Whatever made the Rus
slams change their mind
about a test ban treaty in the
first place, the best reason
for keeping the talks going is
the hope that eventually they
may change it back again.
Stranger things have been
known to happen in the de-
viouS and patience-wearing
patterns of diplomacy.
In the meantime, how
ever, the picture for the
West is not a happy one, and
it is not likely to improve as
time goes by. In their anx-
iety not to be fooled twice
by accepting a voluntary
moratorium on nuclear tests
the allies have shown more
haste than prudence in re-
jecting out-of hand the latest
Russian proposals for an un-
inspected test ban.
Soviet Proposal
A major feature Of this
proposal is a formal agree
ment by the powers to forgo
all nuclear tests in the atmos-
phere, under water or in
outer space. The ban, say the
Russians, would be self-polic-
ing and would require no
special controls, since both
sides have the means under
their own national control OF
detecting such tests.
This idea, along with all
the rest of the Russian pro-
posal. was rejected on the
first reading by the Western
delegates. Arthur Dean. the
American delegate, described
the whole document as COM
pletely unacceptable" adding
that there was nothing
whatsoever that is negotiable"
in the Russian plan. The fact
that the allies themselves
had proposed a rather similar
scheme to the Russians in
September was dismissed as
irrelevant. The Anglo-Amer-
lean offer, it is pointed out,
was made at the beginning
of the Russian test series. 1t
was for a limited duration,
admitted certain risks and