davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-03-23


IYs TYssd bkrscoEh soEih LixlNobSoSa bon Of GHsN sfS
44th st, NV, wife OF Ross Langdon
mother OF Elizabeth Langdon q
Dublin, ireland; sister Of signors
I Italy and Mrs; Mrs. Stephen, =, vsT. Y. 4.
HHs MAJ, 9 can Ntsr'ns = sdswisr,s sDsI ehsspDssII
ThSs.daS SS s March sEs 5 Courtesy tssr psTf GTE
ssbnrtS tSs as,h a9I' ,rG Trinity =! cst6oIl' q
on Friday. March q. at L
etery, Reading. Pa. on Saturday
LEVIN ,5s SELLA srtSE op lSS;s lTHs;sp' :, Msysl ss
o ST. NV, beloved wife Of Samue
Levin, devoted father Of Mrs. Pau
line Gordon and Mrs. Yetta ManSet
both OF Silver Spring, Nd, and Mr.
Martin Levin Of Chevy Chase, Md
She also Is survived By a sister
Mrs. Lillian Savitt of Rochester
N. Y: seven grandchildren and on
great-grandson. Services at the c
d. Goldberg a. Son Funeral Home
42l7 9Th St. NV, on Thursday
March 20. at 2 pm. 1ntermen
Mount Lebanon Cemetery. Beth I
Section, In mourning at 500 Hills
boro drive, Silver Spring, Nd. Fam
lily requests In lieu OF flowers con
tributions be made to the Canoe
SD Group; P. o. Box 1892, sllye
Evening star., 1961-03-23

ATnTY ATlingtSp nsi5E iH5Eospitais; soy oWyILLIAM 4.
son q 1rIins,on 2H~1 20 hs,orsd G,sa bni Nei-
band Of Mary D. Richardson, father
Of Mrs. John Z. Tankard, jr.. and
son Of Mrs. Annie D. Richardson.
Friends may call at the Ives Fu-
neral Home, 2S47 Wilson blvd, Ar
20, at 1 pm; thence to the Claren-
don Presbyterian Church. 1901
North jackson St., Arlington, Va,
where funeral services will be held
at 3 pm. Interment Sunday, March
20, at 2:30 pm. CAPE Charles Gem
etery, Cape Charles. Va. "a
Evening star., 1961-03-23

hINhAhD, FLUhENCE JUNES. On
s.d:Ss. TnG5s6ss M MiF16 III lSS1 At s,T. hsr
Belle Haven, Alexandra, va, FLOR
ENCE JONES RICHARD. wife OF
Glenn U. Richard and daughter OF
the late John P. and Alice Brown
Jones. sister Of Mrs. Helen J. Olmi
ices viii be held on Saturday,
March rs. at 2 PM. at the EVerly-
Mheatley Funeral Home, 1900 West
Braddock rd., Alexandria. Va. In
terment Mount Comfort Cemetery
Family Family requests SI,snS, that flowers be
day. March "a, ct the above fu-
neral home from 1880 to $3.50 ,. m.
Evening star., 1961-03-23
RUHL, RICHARD MONROE

RUHL, RICHARD MONROE. on
xriinssUh MfiGnesSsY AosSits mtsfh RIcHARpS RSS mon
ROE RuHL Of $3.50 9Th Sc. south.
Lucy Lee Davis and Herman Bruce
Ruhl; brother OF Franklin Bruce
Ives Funeral Home. &Si7 Wilson
Services sT AfhEG W e. Ss Ssd Tners Un satSss tSrsss
March 20, a. 1880 am. Inter
Inent Columbia Gardens Cemetery.
sAPHOs, LYDIA JANE. On wednes-
day. March ~, 1861, At ner homie,
sSgs Md L9pi3 LslaSlSi JANE E sASEoss sOr1nE WI:
q stspnen 2. saphos. mother Of
Carl Carl 8. saphos and sister Of Mrs.
ana Herman and Ralph Alsip. There
also are two grandsons. Mrs.
saphos rests at the Warner &.
Pumphrey Funeral Home, S434
9sSrsia SSers seTvc. aye siyer H spriRSsi MS
Iparklng tacilitiesJ. Interment Fort
Lincoln Cemetery. Cumberland,
Md, papers please copyJ
sCHoENwETTER, HARRY. on
SCHoENWEITEs Of 1872 Columbia
I'd; NV. beloved husband OF Anna
OF Edward Schoenwetter OF River.
uale, Md. Funeral services at
the Bernard Oanzansky g. Sons
Funeral home, 1901 l4th ST. NV.
on Thursday. March ~, AZ 3;JU
pm. Interment kesher Israel Gem.
eterys Memorial week, BSlt
Beacon place, Riyerdale, Md. 4
sEYDLER, VICTORIA. on sunday
March 1e, 1861, VICTORIA sEYB.
LER Of 1923 llth st, NV. sister ol
the late Elsa seydler. Services
will be held at oawler's Chapel
J March "a. at 2 pm. interment
Glenwood Cemetery.
Evening star., 1961-03-23
DrathH

LoNGAcRE. FLORENCE n. on Tues.
faI' LoNoacRE oSGss 1sg1 Beloved dft1HisNCa vie 4
the late Elder Charles s. Longacre
and mother Of Ethel Hannum.
There also are two grandchildren.
Friends may call at the. Takoma
(parking opposite), until IL noon
Friday, March "a Services at the
Takoma Park SD. A. Church at
2:15 pm, Interment George WASH
inRton Cemetery.
Evening star., 1961-03-23

PYNE. EDWARD G. On "Wednesday.
PYNE Of 294O Bellevue terrace NV.
beloved husband OF Grace 8, Pyne
and brother Of NorvelI Pyne Of
washington. D. c.. Friends may call
ct the s. H.. Hines Co. Funeral
Home. 2901 14th ST. NV, after
10 Am. Friday. March "a. Services
at the above funeral home on
Saturday, March 70, at 2 pm.
parking facilitieO. Interment pri-
Evening star., 1961-03-12
ENJOYS to Brussels

United Nations Secretary Cen
eral Dag Hammarskjold on Friday
told the Belgian government that
he was sending two personal en-
voys to Brussels to insist that all
Belgian military personnel be re-
moved from the Congo.
Mr.. Hammarskjold, smarting
under bitter and caustic Soviet
bloc criticism, declared that there
was no room for debate or dis
sembling under the terms Of the
Security Councils resolution on
U. N. intervention in the Congo.
Belgians, he said in effect, had
to go.
Rajeshwar Dayal, Mr.. Ham
marskjold's personal representa-
tive in the Congo, flew to New
York Friday to report in person
to the Advisory Committee on the
Congo. He was blunt: The U. N.
had already suffered a serious set
back in prestige and effectiveness
in the Congo, both "psycholog-
ically and materially"
Mr.. Dayal, whose role has been
under heavy fire from some West
ern sources and particularly from
the Kasavubu government in Leo
poldville, the Tshombe forces in
Katanga and other strongly anti
Lumumba factions because he, as
an Indian, is accused Of pro-
Lumumba leanings, warned that
loss Of U. N. prestige in the Congo
would be a serious blow" to the
world organization.
Evening star., 1961-03-12

told, would "aggravate tensions"
1ndia'S Defense Minister, v. K.
Krishna Menon, declared the de-
cision to reverse Prime Minister
Nehru'S long standing policy
against using combat Indian
forces outside India was taken
"to fight for the very existence
Of the United Nations"
Departure of the combat brigade
from New Delhi was speeded by
the humiliating capture of the
vital supply port of Matadi last
week end by Congolese troops.
The small U. N. garrison of Suda-
nese soldiers was forced to sur
render to the Congolese after two
days Of fighting. The Sudanese
were diSarmed and made prison.
ers, but were later released after
negotiations between the U. N,
command in Leopoldville and
Justin Bomboke, who is acting
chief-of-state while Mr.. KaSavubu
is in Tananarive.
At the U. N. yesterday, Rajes-
hwar Dayal. reporting to Mr..
Hammarskjold on his mission in
the Congo, expressed confidence
that the Congolese would return
Matadi to U. N. control. Some
33 ships carrying vital cargoes of
supplies and equipment are sched-
uled to dock at Matadi in the next
few days, and the port contains
almost all the U. N. quartermaster
depots and supply warehouses.
Evening star., 1961-03-12

Representative Powell, chairman
of the House Labor and Education
Committee. said he would intro
dUce a specific bill calling for
loans to parochial and private
schools. Senator Morse, chairman
of the Senate Labor Committee,
in warning the Catholic Church
against opposing the administra-
ton bill, said he would support
such a measure. Mr.. Mccormack
would be expected to give his
strong support to it. too.
Many opponents of the admin
istration'S $23 billion school con-
struction-teachers' salaries bill
including the Catholic hierarchy,
probably will go along with the
idea IF Congress takes UP the
loan measure first. Mr.. Powell
has urged Congress to do so.
This would remove the largest
single obstacle to passage of the
general bill, leaving only" two
more powerful groups to be pla-
Gated or overrun: The integra-
tioniSts who would bar Federal aid
to any segregated school and those
groups who oppose further Federal
interference" and heavy spend
ing in the field of education.
AS the week ended, however,
opposition to priority considera-
ton for loans was building among
House Democratic leaders.
Evening star., 1961-03-12
Space:
Consolidation

Defense Secretary Mcnamara
last week assigned wide new re-
spOnsibilities for military space
programs to the Air FOree-Over
objections from the Army and
Navy.
For several years, the Air Force
has pushed hard toward its goal
Of domination Of military space
programs and roles and missions.
In September, 1859, it scored It's
first success when the Advanced
Research Projects Agency Of the
Department Of Defense was all
but eliminated. ARPA. which had
charge Of space programs, was
considered by the Air Force to
be bar to progress.
Last week, the Air Force. scored
again. Mr.. McNamars. upon the
recommendation of Deputy Sec
retary Gilpatric, former Under
secretary Of the Air Force and
until last month a top official of
the Air Forces civilian helpmate,
Aerospace Corp, issued a directive
stating that:
Research, development, test
and engineering Of defense space
development programs or projects
-. will be the responsibility of
the Air Force exceptions will
be made only under unusual Cir
cumStanceS,"
Evening star., 1961-03-12
Congo Up First

The General Assembly is ex-
pected to take up the Congo ques-
tion as first order of business,
possibly tomorrow.
But the first few days revealed
a wide gap between the position
Of the United States and its West
ern allies on the one hand, and
the Soviet-plus-neutralist blocs
on the other, as to how much
work the current resumed session
should embrace. The immediate
result was q virtual halt to the
work Of the Assembly while the
differences over the agenda were
resolved.
United States Ambassador to
the U. N. Adlai Stevenson, in pre-
session talks, had endeavoured to
get Soviet Ambassador Valentin
A. zorin's consent to a limited
agenda for the coming ses-
sion. Backed by Britain's David
Ormsby Gore, Mr.. Stevenson
sought to confine the agenda
to such immediate essentials as
the Congo leaving the thorny is
sue Of disarmament and other
complicated problems to the reg
ular 18th session of the Assembly
to begin in September.
But the Soviet Union, with
strong support from Asian and
African nations, was pressing for
full discussion at the earliest pos
sible moment of disarmament,
Laos, the Palestinian refugee
Evening star., 1961-03-12
Angola Debate

The Security Council on Friday
voted, over the bitter objections Of
Portugals Delegate DR.. Vasco v.
Garin, to debate the colonial stu
alton in Portuguese Angola, where
outbreaks in the capital city of
Luanda last month brought stern
military suppression.
The Council accepted the Angola
item for the agenda without a
record vote. But the exchange of
harsh words between DR.. Garin
and Soviet Delegate Zorin indi-
Gated plainly that new East
West issue had arisen.
Inclusion of Angola on the
agenda was proposed by Liberia,
with strong support from the
Asian-African bloc and the Soviet
Union. Portugal is not a member
nation Of the Security Council at
Evening star., 1961-03-12
7Hz NATIONAL SCENE THE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
Church School Aid:
AWdenins Debate Another Try for Congo Peace

The parOchial school issue
intensified last week, threaten
ing the Federal aid -tO-educatiOn
bill now before Congress. Presi-
dent Kennedy, reiterating his
opposition to aid to any but
public schools, left the door ajar
for a possible compromise.
There are more than a. million
pupils presently attending Catho-
lie elementary and high schools
in the United States. In addition,
there are $4,000 Catholic chill
dren attending private non-
.church) elementary and secondary
schools,
If these ST. million children
were put into the public school
systems Of the United States it
would cost the taxpayers SIS bill
lion more a year. according to the
National Catholic Welfare Con-
ference.
4AC AtSl4CSt uOL4CSCAC 1oSuC Vi
the day is revolving about the
schools which serve these pupils,
and other private and church
schools, and whether they may
and should receive Federal assist
ance in the form Of long-term,
low-interest loans for conStruc-
ton of buildings and classrooms.
It is an issue which is agitating
religious feelings, creating fac
tions within the Democratic Party
and digging moat between
President Kennedy and some of
his loyal lieutenants on Capitol
Hill.
1t is an issue which, because 1t
raises many veXing questions, is
confusion-prone. Despite two at
tempts, one at great length, at
successive news conferences. Mr..
Kennedy has not been able to ex-
plain his position with unchal-
lenged clarity.
Evening star., 1961-03-12
The Constitution

There is virtually unanimous
agreement that direct Federal
grants to parochial or private
schools is barred by the implica-
tions of the First Amendment to
the Constitution, the pertinent
part of which reads:
Congress shall make no law
respecting an establishment Of re-
ligion, or prohibiting the free
exercise thereof
But the Catholic bishops, in set
ting off the latest school aid furor.
did not bid for direct grants of
money. They urged that the pro-
posed legislation provide long
term, low interest loans.
At his March news conference,
Mr.. Kennedy, while making no
differentiation between the matter
of grants and loans, left an i'm
plication, in the minds Of some
observers, that he believed there
was not even room for debate on
whether either type Of aid was
constitutional.
Last Wednesday, however, in
devoting nearly orle-third Of his
news conference to the subject.
the President conceded what
Democratic Senator Morse and
Majority Leader Mccormack,
among others on Capitol Hill
hold: Namely, that the constitu-
tionality of loans had not been
settled definitely by the Supreme
Court and that the issue was
therefore, debatable.
The President went further,
saying:
Loans and even grants to Sec
ondary education under some cir
cumstances might be held to be
constitutional"
But then he added that, in his
judgme ent, "acrosS-the-board'
loans to all non-public schools
would be unconstitutional.
When it comes to the Supreme
Court, Mr.. Kennedy is obviously
no Andrew jackson who, after q
decision adverse to his cause was
handed down, snorted: John Mar
shall (the Chief Justice) has made
his decision, now let him enforce
it,"
Evening star., 1961-03-12
In the Conqo:
Defiance

COngOlese political leaders Of
three factions last week de-
manded suspension of the U. N.
effort in the Congo and warned
of reprisals if U. N. forces are
increased.
Apparently the only important
thing on which the three Congo
statesmen meeting in Tananarive,
the capital of the island republic
of Malagasy, can agree on is op-
position to U. N. interference" in
their tangled affairs. They insist
on keeping their quarrels in the
family.
President Noise Tshombe of Sc
cessionist Katanga province, where
Belgian influence remains power
full, Is meeting with the so-called
central government of President
Joseph Kasavubu and President
Albert Kalonji Of the Mining
{ State" of South Kasai. Having
already agreed on a loose military
alliance against Stanleyville'S Mr..
Gizenga, who now leads the Lu-
mumba forces, they attempted last
week to work out a political Fed
Grafton of the Congo, with the
provinces enjoying a large meas
ure of autonomy.
Today the three leaders and
their staffs were flying home with
no firm-a and-f ast agreement
reached. Talks are to resume later
in Elisabethville, Mr.. Tshombe's
capital. The Katangan chief pro-
poses that a Community of As
sociated States Of the Congo" be
formalized, with MIR. Kasavubu as
the federal President.
Evening star., 1961-03-12
A Personal Problem

But in this instance, Mr.. Ken
nedy, as the first Roman Catholic
ever to serve as President, is in
the center of a dispute which has
the thorniest personal and politi-
cal overtoneS.
The trace of testiness in the
Presidents voice when the paro-
chial school aid matter was
brought up in the March / news
conference and his long replies
to additional questions on March
8 underscore his concern-a con-
Germ broader than his suggestion
that the entire education bill may
be in jeopardy because Of what
he considers peripheral issues.
At the moment, there appears
to be only one way the dilemma
may be solved. Mr., Kennedy
pointed to it on Wednesday when
he urged that, If Congress wanted
to do something for non-public
schools, the matter be treated in
separate legislation.
Reaction in Congress was rapid.
Evening star., 1961-03-12
A Long Session

Yesterday U. N. delegates were
predicting that, even with a
limited agenda, the current ses-
sion would last for at least six
weeks. They pointed out that the
Congo problem. alone. would al
most certainly take many days Of
debate. And the problem of finan-
cling the U. N. effort in the Congo
(the Communist bloc has refused
to contribute to the project under
any circumstances) would per-
haps consume as much time as
the formulation of U. N. policy in
the Congo.
Two personal contacts were
looked upon by many delegates
as possibly more important to the
course of the Assembly session
than the developments at the
q. N. itself. One was the meeting
Wednesday between Mr.. Nkrumah
and President Kennedy four
hour session that resulted in
fruitful" progress, the White
House declared.
The other was a personal meet
ing between Premier Khrushchev
and United States Ambassador
Llewellyn Thompson at Novo-
sibirsk where the Soviet leader
was touring Siberian agricultural
regions. Mr.. Thompson carried a
personal letter to Mr.. KhruShchev
from Mr.. Kennedy.
The contents of the letter were
not disclosed, but it was under
stood that in general the Amer
ican President sought from the
Soviet Premier assurances that
patience and forbearance in such
dangerous trouble spots as Ber-
lin, Laos, the Congo and Com
munist China be the watchword
for the immediate future.
Thus u. N. delegate speculation
was to the effect that the Ken
nedy-Khrushchev contact, con-
Quoted vicariously through the
person of the American Ambassa-
dor, would have more to do with
the determination of the U. N.
agenda for the resumed session
than any direct talks between Mr..
Evening star., 1961-03-12
Tshombe Leader

Reports from sources close to
the negotiations indicate that Mr..
Tshombe has taken the dominant
role in the conference. 1t was clear
that all was not harmony at times
in the meetings, but the Katangan
appears to have maintained his
control through the sometimes
acrimonious debates.
In a telegram to Mr.. Hammar-
skiold at the U. NJ, the three
leaders demanded that the 5000
Indian combat troops en- route for
duty with the u. N. in the Congo
be barred. Their addition to u. N.
forces, Mr.. Hammarskjold was
Evening star., 1961-03-12

problem, South Africa's racial
policies, and other very provoca-
tive cold-war issues.
There were, as the session re-
convened, 81 items already on
the agenda. The Soviet-neutraliSt
position has been that all items
already on the agenda should be
discussed. The United States how
ever, pleading the advisability Of
taking time for the new admin
istration in Washington to formu-
late its long-term policies, has
been urging delay.
Evening star., 1961-03-12
Laos PIdn::
A New Hone

Former LaOtian Premier
Prince SOuvanna PhOuma, now
with the Pathet Lao rebel forces
in Laos, and rightist Gen. PhOu-
mi NOsavan agreed last week ON
a formula to end the civil war.
Despite continuing build-up of
military supplies and weapons on
both sides in the Laotian civil
war, efforts were going forward
last week to work out a satisfac-
tory solution to the division that
Continued ON Page IA
Evening star., 1961-03-12
Little SoIoce

While it may be of little solace
to the Army and Navy, .Penta-
gon officials said these services
would be permitted to do prelim-
mary research on projects they
want carried out. A decision as
to which service would operate
any particular space system will
be made after the system is de-
veloped, 1t was said.
This means that the knotty ques-
tion Of roles and missions still
awaits a final decision. But be-
cause we are still in the prelimi-
nary stages Of mans understand
ing Of the implications Of space,
this decision Is not expected any
time soon.
When the time does come, Con-
gress will have a voice in deciding
which military service should do
what in space.
To bar one-service control Of
aviation Congress, in the National
Security Act, guaranteed a place
for Navy, Marine and Army avia-
tion. There Is little reason to be-
lieve it will not permit each service
to have, and provide each with,
necessary space forces.
Evening star., 1961-03-12
Direct Talks

To surmount this tricky chal-
lenge, Gen. de Gaulle is ex-
pected to initiate direct talks
with each faction or tendency"
separately. hoping to discover
suitable common denominator for
discussion.
Mr.. Bourguiba insists that his
role is merely that of a friendly
buffer" and he will make no di-
rect proposals of his own. But
he is believed to be urging the
early release of Mohammed Ben
Bella, top FIN leader i'm
prisoned five years ago, as a ges-
ture to the FIN and a move
to strengthen the moderate ele-
ment among the Algerians. Mr..
Ben Bella and the Provisional
Algerian Premier, Ferhat Abbas,
are known moderates.
Evening star., 1961-03-12
Same Charges

Increased pressure, backed by
cries Of duplication" and waste"
for combining military and civilian
space programs (the latter are now
handled by the National Aeronau-
tics and Space Administrator
may be expected in the wake Of
the new Pentagon order.
On the missile front last week,
the Tooth test shot of the Navy's
solid-fuel Polaris was rated a full
success as the slender 31-foot
rocket roared from its sea-base to
a target 1000 miles away.
1t was the second success IN
eight days for the Az version of
Polaris, whose ultimate range will
be more than 1,750 miles. This
rocket will be operational aboard
nuclear submarines early next
Continued on Page B-4
Evening star., 1961-03-12
The Week in Perspective

EDWIN TREBLE, Editor
Fred Theroux, Foreign Affairs
L. Edgar Prina, National Affairs
Evening star., 1961-03-12
Free AIgerio:
Nearer?

France last week sharply cur
tailed the political and police
power Of the French army in
Algeria. Secret talks between
the French and leaders Of the
Algerian nationalist rebellion
continued.
Cancellation and cautious opti-
mism marked the long sought
direct negotiations between the
Algerian Front for National Lib
Grafton and President de Gaulle
last week. The French cabinet on
Wednesday approved a series Of
DEGREES proposed by Louis JOKE,
Minister Of State for Algeria,
greatly relaxing the severe politi-
cal and police controls exercised
by the French army In the Alge-
rian revolt.
The FIN. over the long course
OF the six-year-old rebellion, has
frequently demanded such action
as precondition to parleys on a
cease-fire. The Paris action at
this time was seen as o hopeful
sign that progress was being made
in negotiations, at least enough to
justify concrete moves designed to
conciliate and encourage the Ma
tionalists in their willingness to
continue talks.
The entire operation was plainly
one calling for the most delicate
diplomacy and tact. With Tuni-
sian President Habib Bourguiba
occupying a key "go-between"
position, the French and the more
moderate Algerian leaders are
trying carefully to sidestep issues
which could bring the infant
parleys to an impasSe.
Ceose-Fire
One such issue Is that Of a
cease-fire. The Algerian Provi-
sional Government resolutely re-
jectS any armistice that called
for impairment of the rebel
forces ability to renew hostilities
if the negotiations failed. MIR.
Bourguiba's reported device for
getting around this obstacle Is a
tacit agreement on both sides to
stop shooting while the talks go
on.
Another difficulty is apparent
in the existence of factions in the
Algerian nationalist movement it.
self. Gen. de Gaulle has re-
ferred to "the various Algerian
tendencies" in statements relat-
ing to the negotiations he hopes
will bring Algerian "self-deter-
mination."
Because Of this rivalry, the
FIN leaders have resisted any
"roundtable" conference which
would include representatives Of
dissident groups.