davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-12-24
Backed by Bloc

Mr.. Nehru knew he would be
backed fully by the other Asian
African countries for his war of
liberation" and knew that the
NATO countries would not come
to the military aid of their ally.
He also had the backing of the
Soviet Union which stood nothing
to lose by supporting the Indian
action.
Despite Mr.. Nehru's statement
that he had mo choice" but to
invade Goa, it seemed clear to the
West that the invasion was
naked case OF aggression.
Portugal called it an example
Of international immortality" and
Ambassador Adlai Stevenson in
the U. N. said it was as much an
act of aggression as the British
French attack on the Suez. Sec
retary of State Rusk said the
United States deeply regrets"
1ndia'S use of force.
In the Security Council, how
ever, the United States could not
get a vote for a cease fire because
OF a Soviet veto. Mr.. Stevenson
expected the Soviet veto, but said
he was alarmed at the negative
votes also cast by the United
Arab Republic, Liberia, and Cey-
Ion. Their votes made it appear
that the young Asian-African ma
tions were using a double stand
ard-it is aggression" if the at
tack is made by a big power. but
war of liberation" if made by a
smaller one,
Evening star., 1961-12-24
Partisan Chorqe

Lord Home argued that the U. N.
was acting not as a peacemaker
but as political partisan for the
eradication of colonialism - thus
aiding the Soviet desire to SOW
chaos throughout Africa.
Q India disregarded pleas from
the United States, Great Britain
and the United Nations and in
vaded and seized Portuguese COL
onies of Goa, Damao and Diu.
This aggressive act split world
opinion in two: the United States
and the West on one side; the
Soviet and Asian-African blocs on
the other.
BY the end of the week, tempers
had cooled considerably, but Am
bassa ador Stevenson's prophetic
words still could be heard. warning
that aggression is aggression, no
matter whether it is a British
French invasion of the Suez or an
Indian "war of liberation" Unless
the U. N. responds more efficiently
to such aggression, Mr.. Stevenson
warned, I'VE are witnessing the
first act in a drama that could
end with the (U. N.'s) death"
The major issues:
Evening star., 1961-12-24
Gizenqo's Role

Mr.. Ball concluded that if the
Katanga problem can "be dis
posed of"-meaning the capitula-
ton of Tshombe to central au-
thority, then Mr.. Adoula can deal
effectively with the Communist
backed Gizenga and all will be
well.
Senator Dodd, Democrat of
Connecticut. who recently re-
turned from the Congo. has been
one of the most outspoken critics
of administration policy. His trip
served to strengthen his feelings.
He called last week for a Senate
investigation. Senator Lausche.
Democrat of Ohio, like Senator
Dodd, a member of the Foreign
Relations Committee, Joined in the
criticism of the American-sup-
ported U. N. use of force in Ka-
tanga.
On the other side, three other
Democratic committee members
last week publicity backed Ameri-
can policy in the Congo. They
were Majority Leader Mansfield
and Senators Sparkman and
Humphrey.
There was no doubt that feel
ings were running strong and
deep in many sections of the
country, as well as among men,
bers of Congress. There was little
doubt that bitter and divisive
speeches would soon ring out in
the halls of Congress.
There was little doubt, too,
that there would be need to
keep emotionalism, name-calling
and plain politicking to a mini
mum if the coming great debate"
is to be carried on without dealing
a harsh blow to foreign policy
bipartisanship.
Evening star., 1961-12-24
Finance Crisis

In addition, the U. Ms peren-
nial financial "crisis" has been
solved temporarily by the U. MS
decision to float a 5000 million
bond issue to cover present debts.
These notable successful
Ambassador Adlai Stevenson's
words-take on deeper meaning.
perhaps, during the Christmas
season when the world looks to
the U. N. as a living symbol of
peace.
This symbol" however, has
been questioned quite severely in
recent weeks as a result of two
issues that go to the heart of
the U. MS role as an enforcer of
peace.
o In the Congo, a combination Of
U. NJ force and United States
diplomacy brought an end to the
fighting in Katanga and an agree
ment by Mr.. Tshombe to rejoin
the Congo.
Most nations last week expressed
satisfaction with the pact signed
by Mr.. Tshombe and Congo Pre-
mier Cyrille Adoula, but as a re-
suit of the fighting, the U. NJ
came under severe attack from
several Western nations and from
critics in the United States.
The most significant criticism
came on the eve of the settlement.
Great Britain's Foreign Secretary
Lord Home warned that continued
U. N. intervention might lead
Britain to withdraw its support
from the world body.
Evening star., 1961-12-24
Congo

There is probably no more
adroit politician in the Congo than
Katanga President Noise Tshom-
be. In the face of tremendous
odds, Mr.. Tshombe resisted efforts
by the rest of the Congo and by
the United Nations to force his
rich secessionist province to re-
join the Congo Central.
On two occasions during the
last IS months, Mr.. Tshombe
agreed under pressure to end the
secession, but both times he re-
pudiated his agreement later. Last
week, with U. N. troops in control
of Elisabethville, Mr.. Tshombe
reluctantly agreed for the third
time to rejoin the Congo.
His agreement came as a result
of a meeting arranged by the
United States and United Nations
between Mr.. Tshombe and Con-
golese Premier Cyrille Adoula.
The meeting led to suspension Of
fighting, and an 8-point pact
Evening star., 1961-12-24
Welcome Inquiry

Mr.. Rusk told the Senate For
eign Relations Committee he
would welcome a full inquiry into
the full story" of the Congo op-
Grafton. But it was Mr.. Ball who
made the direct public reply to
administration opponents, partic-
ularly to Mr.. Nixon.
Speaking in Los Angeles on
Tuesday night, the Undersecretary
contended that U.N. military &C
ton in the Congo was the only
alternative to big-power interven-
tion and another Korea-type war.
He pictured Prime Minister
Adoula of the Central Congo
government as a moderate and
an anti-CommuniSt who, along
with U. N. forces and officials.
has been harassed by Tshombe'S
local Katanga troops. whipped
into excitement and irresponsible
action by rumor, radio and beer"
Evening star., 1961-12-24
THE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
The World Lineup Today

Fighting between the United
Nations and Katanga came to
a halt last week after Noise
TshOmbe agreed to end the Sc
cession Of his wealthy province.
The Soviet Union vetoed q
Western proposal in the u. N.
for a cease fire in Goa where
Indian troops invaded and con-
quered the 40O-year old POrtu-
guese colony.
The writer who said Christmas
makes the winter bearable" might
have been thinking of the world
last week.
AS a holiday recess relieved the
weary United Nations delegates
it was apparent in surveying the
issues before it that in the world
today the forces of war and peace
still are lined up in a startlingly
dramatic manner:
Q In the Congo the smoke of
actual warfare has hardly cleared
away.
elm Goa a large country seized q
small country by force.
. In West New Guinea prepara-
tions were made to resist an an
nounced onslaught by Indonesia.
. In Berlin the almost miracle
peace of two opposing, fully armed
forces facing each other over a
line as clearly defined as a brick
wall continued.
Evening star., 1961-12-24
The Question

Thus, the constitutionality ques-
ton, insofar as the effectiveness of
the registration and penalty pro-
visions are concerned, must still
be answered.
What about the workability OF
the act? The Supreme Courts
decision in June was "momentous, !"
as Attorney General Kennedy
pointed out, because it legally and
Continued on Page DE-
Evening star., 1961-12-24

which pledged Katanga to end its
secession.
Most observers, even U. N. crit
les, were delighted with the agree
ment and the end of the fighting,
but we're skeptical about Mr..
Tshombe's word. Having reneged
twice before, Mr.. Tshombe laid the
groundwork for what many
thought might be a third repu-
diation when he said the agree
ment must be ratified by his as
sembly in Elisabethville.
Evening star., 1961-12-24
Berlin

Sometime this week, Llewellyn
E. Thompson, jr.. the United States
Ambassador to the Soviet Union,
will receive instructions from the
State Department to resume ex-
ploratory talks with Soviet Foreign
Minister Andrei Gromyko.
The talks will be on Berlin and
Mr.. Thompson will be told to
learn whether there exists "a rea-
sonable basis" for negotiations
with the Soviet government.
In their informal talks at
Bermuda last week, President
Kennedy and Prime Minister
Macmillan discussed the Berlin
situation at length. and decided
that Mr.. Thompson, a veteran
diplomat with extensive experience
in Russia, should handle this pre-
liminary work.
Evening star., 1961-12-24
Joint Position

The British and American posi-
ton is that only through talks
can the opposing view points be
understood. Close personal con-
tacts-"traditional diplomacy
is more valuable in the long run
than boastful or threatening pub
lie statements.
At the present time, officials
agree that there is no basis for
useful negotiations with the Rus
slams. The Soviet Union has not
budged from its original demands
OF peace treaties with the two
Germanys, and of free city of
West Berlin.
Mr.. Khrushchev has warned
that If the West does not agree
to his demands he will turn over
west Berlin's access routes to East
Germany, and force the West to
make its own deal with Communist
boss Walter Ulbricht. This could
lead to trouble if the Reds inter-
fere with Western rights in or
into Berlin.
Evening star., 1961-12-24
Other Issues

Other issues, some of equal i'm
portance but Of less dramatic
import. the y. N. had before it
this fall:
Disarmament, nuclear test bans,
control of outer space, member
ship for Red China, the Algerian
conflict, uprisings in Angola,
South African apartheid.
The U. N. went away without
solving these problems but it did
make some progress. These con-
tentious matters were disposed of:
A new secretary general has
been installed; East and West
have agreed on a new disarma-
ment framework; the "troika" has
been shelved; and Red China put
off for another year.
Evening star., 1961-12-24

the arguments pro and con may
flare up again.
Since renewed warfare can bene-
fit only the Communists in the
long run, it is expected that even
Mr.. Tshombe's supporters in
Western Europe will bring pres
sure on him to abide by his pledge.
Evening star., 1961-12-24
Loss of Prestige

Undoubtedly, Mr.. Nehru has lost
much presige as result of the
unprovoked attack, but it was not
considered likely that the United
States will change its policy to-
ward India in any radical way.
The ability of India to escape
U. N. censure may entice 1ndo-
nesia to attack Dutch West New
Guinea (West Irian). President
Sukarno has called for war OF
liberation" and seems to be wav-
ering between an all-out attack
and allowing the United States to
mediate the dispute.
West Irian (called officially
West Papua) is the Netherlands
last possession in what once was
the Dutch East Indies. For politl-
cal reasons, Mr. Sukarno wants
the territory, largely populated by
uncivilized Papuans. Netherlands
wants to turn it over to the o. N.
for eventual self-determination.
Evening star., 1961-12-24
Favor Talks

The NATO ministers two weeks
ago agreed that the United States
. and Great Britain should carry on
the exploratory talks, but did not
specify how this should be done.
Britain and the United States
have been the leading proponents
OF talks ever since the Berlin
crisis flared up last June. France
has been against negotiations but
has grudgingly agreed to the prob
ing talks to see what would be
gained from negotiations.
IT the Soviet Union does make
a reasonable" offer, the United
States and Britain will have to
persuade President de Gaulle to
participate in negotiations or de-
eide to negotiate without him.
This will not be an easy matter.
since Mr.. de Gaulle feels that
negotiations can only weaken the
VESTS position vis-a-vis the Rus
slams at the present time. Chan
cellor Adenauer, however, believes
negotiations can be held as long
as the West does not afford East
Germany formal recognition.
Evening star., 1961-12-24
Upcoming Issues

There are a list of major issues
which face both the lawmakers
and President Kennedy, including: !:
. Americas tariff policy. The
administration wants more power
for the President to lower customs
duties acroSS-the-b board, rather
than item by item, and thus pro-
mote close ties with the European
Common Market.
0 Medical aid to the aged pro-
gram. The administration wants
such a program financed under
the Social Security System. Con-
servatives in Congress oppose this
approach.
. Federal aid to education. The
administration repeatedly will
offer a plan restricted to higher
education facilities and teachers
pay, but the religious controversy
still may not be averted.
. Foreign policy debate. An in
quiry is in prospect which would
look into the Administrators
handling of the Congo problem
and our overall relations with the
United Nations and with the So
called neutral or non-aligned
nations
Evening star., 1961-12-24
Heading for Speakership

ing for it." Mr.. Nixon asserted.
Against the better judgment Of
our allies britain and Franco.
the United States has presented
the Communists with a cake and
has allowed them to eat it, too"
Evening star., 1961-12-24

West at all times, it is not Com
munist and should be backed by
extensive economic aid.
Opponents have argued that
India is only using" the United
States, and unless it agrees to
support the United States in the
major cold war issues. economic
aid should be held to minimum.
Evening star., 1961-12-24

but with an election facing him
next year, may have decided to
shift the jingoiSt sentiment
against the weak Portuguese
colonies.
Evening star., 1961-12-24
Bitter Criticism

Although broader tariff powers
is probably the Presidents No. l
legislative target for 1862, it was
his conduct of foreign affairs
which held the spotlight last week.
Republican leaders, paced by
former Vice President Nixon and
former President Hoover. spoke
out sharply against Unite d
States policy in the Congo. Some
influential and strong minded
Democrats did likewise. Admin
istration officials, including the
top two at the State Department,
Secretary Rusk and Undersecre-
tary Ball, counter attacked. They
were aided by two Republicans:
Henry Cabot Lodge and Senator
Javits of New York.
In syndicated newspaper arti-
Gle Mr.. Nixon termed our actions
"the worst foreign policy blunder
since the Cuba invasion"
He added that the incredible
mess" created by the United
States finds us supporting the
U. MS war on anti-Communist
Noise Tshombe while Antoine
Gizenga, head of a Communist
puppet regime in Stanleyville, es-
capes untouched.
'Nikita KhruShchev got exactly
what he wanted and we are pay
Holmes County herald., 1961-12-21
COUNTY
COUNCIL
HAS MEET

The Holmes County Coordi-
mating council met Monday,
December 4th, at the CiIy
Hall. This council is compos-
ed of all Agricultural and
Government Agencies in the
county and meets the first
Monday in each month.
Mrs. Jean Mcclellan, chair,
man, called the meeting to
order. Minutes of the previous
meeting We're read by the Sec
retary and approved.
During the business meet
ing, Mr.. w. P. McWilliams
gave the report of the nomi-
mating committee. The follow
ing were nominated and ap-
proved by the Council: Presi-
dent George Mullendore,
Vice-President Jim Bylsma,
Secretary Mrs. Joy Frizeu.
The Home Demonstration
Department of the Extension
Service had charge of the
program. Miss Harpole intro
duced Mrs. Alice N. Babing-
ton, Home Economist for the
Welfare Department, who pre-
sented a talk on using commo-
dity foods. She demonstrated
making a Lemon Ice Box Pie
and served various commo-
dity products for the Council
members to taste. There were
seventeen members present.
Holmes County herald., 1961-12-21
Soil Conservation
Proves Beneficial

tees which ultimately give to
the people all over America
more plentiful supplies Of
water for drinking, for in
dustry, and for wildlife, pro-
vide greenlands, with forage
| and cover for all forms of
Wildllfe, and make it possible
for more people to enjoy
greater participation
healthy, invigorating outdoor
recreation. The farmers and
the government share costs
in this great program, and
with thoughtful cooperation
between hunters and farmers
Still greater benefits can be
realized.
Two cooperative actions bv
Holmes County herald., 1961-12-21
CONSERVATION FARMING
AIDS WILDLIFE

AIDS WILDLIFE
Soil and water conservation
practices carried out on farlna
not only have soil and water
but provide other benefits as
we'll. Of particular interest t.
hunters at this time of year
are the benefits to wildlife.
Lynn Joruan, Chairman O.
the Holmes Agricultural Sta
olllzation and Conservation
County Committee, points out
that conservation practices
carried out under the Agri-
cultural Conservation Prog
ram (ACP) have provided
nesting areas, cover and food
for wildlife On many farms
In the county. Practices which
are particularly n.lpful are
planting trees, grasses ana
legumes, ponds for livestock
water, waterways, etc.
According to Mr.. Jordan.
about 435 farms and ranches
IN the county have participat-
ed in the ACP and practices
beneficial to wildlife have
been carried out On each of
these farms and ranches.
With conservation as en-
couraged by ACP, farmers
throughout the nation prevent
costly runoff of water and
subsequent erosion. Through
ACP practices, future genera
tons of young Americans will
be assured of good lands :
not waStelands, as their heri-
tage. ACP practices include
planting grass and tree, crea-
ting farm ponds, terracing,
and performing other prac-
Holmes County herald., 1961-12-21
Feasts To Play Part
In Christmas HOLIDAY

semble, each person sticks a
piece of bread on fork and
dips it into a kettle of pork
and sausage drippings. Ac-
cording to tradition, this bread
is eaten for luck before the
feast begins.
Holmes County herald., 1961-12-21
Every Country Contributes
Its Own Culinary Heritage

AS much a part of Christmas
as Santa Claus are the holiday
dinner, the candies, cookies
and cakes. the pies and pud-
dings. Almost every country
In the world has contributed
its own culinary heritage to
the celebration.
Turkey and all the trim
mings have become tradition
al in America, and other coun-
tries have their own menus
for the Christmas feast.
Belgium and Holland have
special cakes and sweets for
st. Nicholas season The Let
terbanket is baked in the form
OF letters so that one may or
der his name in cake. Marzi-
pan candies, once made only
In the shape of hearts, now
come in many forms.
An Italian Christmas feast
might include Capitelli =
White meat of chicken and
pork chopped and mixed with
eggs and spices, encased in an
inch-high Ounce cap of noodle
dough - or Capitoni made
from fried cells.
What Austrians Eat
characteristic foods of
Austrians at Christmas saw
Americana Encyclopedia. re-.
searchers, are fruchtbrod. a
cake made of raisins currants
chopped figs and dates and
served not; chopped and
BAKED carps;; beef, vegetables
and beer.
Tn Christmas Day in Hun
gary the family sits down for
q roast goose dinner.
instead of turkey, Norwe
sians have Christmas por-
r'd@e' Goldfish, roast ribs of
pork, picked pork, and some
times a barbecued young pig.
Holmes County herald., 1961-12-21

hunters will assuredly create
good will. First, get permis-
sion before hunting on anoth-
er persons land and then be
extra careful not to cause any
damages to crops, livestock,
and property.
Holmes County herald., 1961-12-21

In Finland, just before
Christmas Day, the whole
family must take a Finnish
bath (Sauna). This is the ira
ditional steam bath taken in
a hut with a stone oven.
Holmes County herald., 1961-12-21
ANIMATED CARDS

Ingenious mechanical de-
vices were used to animate
early Christmas greeting
cards, much as they are to-
day. The symbols of Christ
mas-the robin, Santa Claus,
holly, minstletoe and carolers
first became popular on
cards of the Victorian era
Holmes County herald., 1961-12-21
HELPED CAROLS

Martin Luther, the Refor-
nation leader, felt that group
singing in churches was i'm
portant and did much to help
spread the custom of carol
singing. He composed carol.
From Heaven Above | Come
to You," and "Away in a
Manger" is sometimes attri-
Holmes County herald., 1961-12-21

with an apple in it's mouth,
and paper frills upon its ears.
Mince pie is an old English
custom. 1t represents a com
pound of the choicest products
of the East and symbolizes the
gifts of the Wise Men to the
Christ Child. Another national
Christmas dish in England is
the famous plum pudding.
After the Portuguese return
from the Missa do Gallo, the
Midnight Mass, the grownups
gather at the table for a huge
Christmas breakfast of hot
chocolate, sweets and egg
cakes.
The Firms serve Christmas
dessert made of rice. accord
ing to the editors of The Book
of knowledge. The rice is
boiled in milk and served with
cream topped with sugar and
cinnamon. An almond is put
into the large dish of rice and
the diner who is lucky enough
to get this almond will, legend
says, be especially favored in
the coming year.
Hawaiian Feasting
Lavish feasts accompany
Christmas in Hawaii. Menu for
a traditional dinner in a Poly
nesian family might be: roast
pig, prepared in an imu. a COW
cred rock oven; gray-brown
poi; raw salmon, with vinegar
and herbs; island spinach
cooked in coconut milk; and
picked pineapple. Dessert
might be passion-fruit pie =
tangy-tart, yet sweet, topped
with macadamia nut ice
cream.
In Sweden, as family. guests
and household servants as
The coastland times with which is combined the pilot and herald of Belhaven and Swan Quarter. [volume] (Manteo, N.C.) 1959-1973, 1961-03-24
REV. ANGUS MILLER
SPEAKS TO LIONS

On Thursday evening, March IT,
the Rev. Angus Miller presented
the program for the Belhaven
Lions club at the River Forest
Manor in Belhaven.
Rev. Miller, minister of the St.
James Episcopal Church in Belhav-
en- conferred his talk around the
poetry of Robert W. Service, a man
whom he had met and admired
when both lived in the same part
of the world around the turn of the
centery. The speaker told of some
of his experiences in the Yukon
and in San Francisco, and how he
became interested in the poetry of
Mr.. Service. Having seen many of
the same sights and shared many
of the same emotions as expressed
by the poet. AS climax he recited
three of Mr.. Services poems, 1.-THE
Shooting of Dan McGraw", 1.-THE
Low Down White, and 1.-THE Gre
nation of Sam MCGEE.
Kenneth C. Wilkinson president,
presided over the meeting. During
the business session it was decided
TO change the meeting time
from TOO pm. to 7:30 pm. begin
ming with the first meeting In
April.
The coastland times with which is combined the pilot and herald of Belhaven and Swan Quarter. [volume] (Manteo, N.C.) 1959-1973, 1961-03-24
MRS. TILLMAN HOSTESS

Mrs. C. B. Tillman was hostess
to club Is at her home in Front
Street Belhaven, Thursday even
ing. Mrs. Tillman used arrange
ments of early spring flowers at
tractively in the playing area.
A dessert course of chocolate
pie and coffee was served upon
arrival of guests and iced bottle
drinks and cheese straws were
passed during play.
Club members playing were Mes
DANES Leigh Wahab, Jack Leigh,
Orville Clark, Cleve Woodward,
Grady Russell, David Balance, Jr.,
Charles Midgette, H. L. Dilday,
Jimmy Calfee, eileen Caravan,
Marshall Willis and James Griffin.
After PROFESSIONS high score
prize went to Mrs. Wahab, Mrs.
Clark low and the bingo went to
Mrs. Leigh.