davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-10
GARDEN CLUB
ACTIVITIES

CHEVY CHASE ID. c. GARDEN
CLUB, Monday luncheon. IL: 80 pm,
home of Mrs. E. E. Schnellbscher. 4540
Warren street, co-hostesses Mrs. A.. R,
Pilkerton and Mrs. Ralph Stokes. Ralph
Summer Bounty Subjects Of exhibits,
FOREST HILLS GARDEN CLUB,
Monday, 1890, home of Mrs. C. A;
BurmeiSter, 1850 Broad Branch road
NV. Mr.. Burmeister will talk on
lilies.
GARDEN CLUB OF COLEsvILLE,
Monday, 8 pm, Colesville Recreation
PEPco viii iii s speak on Outdoor Garden
Lighting" This is the meeting post
poped from September 8.
CALVERT MANOR GARDEN CLUB,
Monday, 7:45 pm, home Of Mrs: ALI.
Manor. Election of officers.
CHARLES COUNTY GARDEN CLUB,
September Is. 10 an; Christ Church
flower arranging led by Mrs. William T
Wilson. Grace Wilson is q nationally
accredited African violet and flower
show judge. She has 1000 violet
plants.
METROPOLITAN AFRICAN VIOLET
CLUB, Tuesday evening at F w. Boil
giano Co., 1920 H Street NV. Pro:
gram led by DR.. Charles Nearpass will
be a discussion and showing Of slides
of the spring show. Special exhibit OF
materials for violet culture. Exhibits
at 7:30: business meeting at 8 pm.
WARREN WOODS GARDEN CLUB
Tuesday, $50 pm, home Of Mrs. Alvin
Seebode Sig Woodland drive, Fairfax
Va; panel discussion on current garden
pfT WooD ACRES GARDEN CLUB
Wednesday, s pm, Vienna Elementary
School. Future meetings will be held
in the school Mrs. Thomas Thomsen
Of Falls Church will discuss the sched-
Saturday at Thoreau intermediate
'eF RIVE ri HEIGHTS GARDEN
CLUB, Wednesday, s pm, home OF
Mrs. j. MeSsina, 56O5 Patterson road
The clubs ed annual flower show wi VII !.
he FFTIHoWER ARRANGERs GUILD held
workshop last Wednesday When az
attended. Teacher-iudges included mrs
Ermal GeiSs, Mrs. Raymond WOOD, MRS.
George Morrow, Mrs. Joe Muir and
Mf ALA GaS'' VISTA Ms GARDEN CLUB,
Wednesday, pm. st. Luke's Episcopal
Church. GEORGETOWN road and eros
president Of the Potomac Chrysanthe-
mum Society, will speak.
BRADBURY HEIGHTS GARDEN
CLUB, Thursday, 8 pm, home OF MrS
Harold Hartman, 1901 Twenty-fourtn
flower show to be held october 2.
Mrs. George E. Lee, accredited judge
will give a flower arrangement demon
stration and interpret the flower show
S'V CAPITOL HILL GARDEN CLUB,
Tuesday, s pm. home OF Mrs. James
W. o'Connor, 226 Maryland avenue
NE, Mrs. Helen Eckerson, president,
lco-hostess. Projects for the year will
be chosen. Reports Of committees;
LITTLE FARMS GARDEN CLUB OF
Potomac, September 8. home OF Mrs.
John Dickerman: cohostesses Mrs.
James Grear and Mrs. Forrest Fer
guson. Demonstration-lec by Mrs.
r w. Lang Officers are Mrs, James
Grear, president: Mrs. John Dicker-
man, vice president; Mrs. Charles
Paine. secretary: Mrs. Forrest Fer
guSon. treasurer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-10
Night-BIooming Cocti
Have Four Species

port. They also have two other
common requirements - a
porous, open soil mixture and
practically no water during the
dormant period. The usually
recommended soil mixture con-
sists of equal parts of good
garden loan, sand and COM
post or leafmold. The epiphyl-
lums want two parts leaf mold
or peatmosS. To this mixture
it is well to add a moderae
amount of very well-rotted
manure, and a pint of bone
meal per bushel of soil.
The bottom of the pot or
tub should have a generous
layer of broken pot pieces
(crock) or coarse gravel to in
sure good drainage. Some spe-
cialists like to use broken brick
in the soil mixture but the
average home gardener does
not.
The night-blooming cereuS
seems to thrive throughout the
summer on a partially-shaded
terrace. In such situations it
receives most of the moisture
needed during the growing sea-
son. An occasional watering is
needed when rainfall is made
quate to insure continued
growth and bud formation. The
addition of fertilizer during
this period should vary with
the vigor of the plant. If lack
ing in vigor then feeding is
needed.
During the winter the tubs
or pots of the night-blooming
cereuS store satisfactorily in a
we'll lighted, warm, preferably
around 40 to so degree base
ment. The nearer it is in tenn
perature to the above mini
NUNS the less water necessary
to carry the plants through
winter in good condition. Some
gardeners, such as Earl Wood
worth, water about twice a
month. One of his plants was
started 10 years ago from a
single leaf. and has been a
consistent bloomer. This year
it even produced two or three
flowers in July.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-10
BY BILL YOUNGMAN
Star Garden Editor

If you have not had the good
fortune to see a patient gar
dener rewarded for his care
and patience, then you have
not seen him enjoy the I'M
folding of the huge blooms OF
a night-blooming cereus. The
large buds herald this event
by standing upright and show
ing tiny openings in the early
evening. BY 8 o'clock they be-
gin to unfold and by $50 OF
10 are shedding beauty and
fragrance to all who come near
The time of opening to full
bloom may vary appreciably
toward midnight.
Several area residents report
marked success with these
flowers.
The night-blooming cereus
is not the true cereus but any
one of a score or more night
Towering cacti. However, the
name is fairly well restricted
to four species and usually to
one of the SubspecieS of each.
1t depends upon the writer as
to which is considered the more
widely grown or popular. Sele-
nicereuS, Nyctocereus, Hyloce-
reus and Epiphyllum have the
nod by most authorities. They
differ primarily in the size of
the flower and the outside
coloring of the blooms. Most
are fragrant, but Selenicereus
macdonaldiae which has a
huge white and gold flower
with a reddish yellow outer
coating is not. The others, S.
grandifloruS and S. pteranthus
have smaller flowers and are
fragrant. Nyctocereus serpen-
tinuS is a more compact
grower. 1t has six inch long
fragrant white flowers.
Hylocereus undatuS needs
the bit warmer situation which
seems to go well with the r.
inch long fragrant white
blooms. They have a yellowish
green exterior. Epiphyllum lati-
irons is considered one of the
popular night-blooming cereus
because of the beautifully
scalloped stems, the large
night-blooming flowers and
fragrance as we'll as for the
edible fruit. The leaf-like stems
probably distinguish it from
the other night blooming cac-
tus called night blooming &C.
reus, but there are so many
hybrids of epiphyllum crossed
on others thar this Is not an
accurate statement.
Most of these night-bloomers
are from Central and South
America. Some are tree climb
ers and all have more or less
willowy stems and need sup
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-10
GARDEN CHORES
TO DO NOW

Mildew may be expected to invade most gardeners
that hot days followed by nights Use sui
phur, Phatan, Karathane or Actidione PM
Stake the dahlas and chrySanthemums and keep the
stems well tied during this period when heavy rains may
be expected
Divide primroses and lily of e-valley this month.
Plant the conifers and broad-leaved evergreenS as
the soil can be made ready. Now is the time
to seed for rebuilding the thin lawn the
Fertilize lawns now rather than in the
spring if disease is problem.
Bring house plants next week that they may
adjust to the drer house conditions before the windows
are closed.-YOUNGMAN.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-09-10
THE RAINS CAME!
Water Dispersal
Always q Problem

( off comes. If large, then a
stronger wall. or a bigger ditch
will be needed than if it is
small.
! Within the garden the area
may be large or small that
receive the downpour and
must be taken care of. Here
we may use small bitches,
raised beds, contour rows, and
other devices that avoid de-
struction of beds and lawn.
| The most difficult in many
cases is the run-off from the
downspouts. This latter, nor
mally dumped on the lawn,
does prevent the grass from
thriving and usually results in
serious soil compaction and
poor grass. If possible the
downspouts should be put into
a tile drain, or into some chan
mel that will carry the water
to safe outlet and not con-
tinually flood areas in the
lawn.
Raised Beds Helpful
Raised flower beds may be
the easiest method of avoiding
injury from run-off within the
| garden, or from poor subsoil
drainage. The height to which
the beds should be raised will
depend upon the extent, or lack
of, Subsoil drainage as well as
to the kinds of plants being
grown. Those kinds which must
have perfect subSoil drainage
such as the oriental peoples
and many kinds of spring.
Towering bulbs, obviously need
a higher raised bed than the
iris which also want a well
drained soil but they actually
sit on top of the soil so a very
shallow bed will do. The Ma
donna lilly is another that
wants good drainage but in
this case the bulbs are only a
couple of inches below the soil
surface and so a bed four
inches high should suffice.
Every garden is a problem of
its own and the above are only
examples of methods commonly
used to solve the problem of
run-off from gully washers
The gardener will need to
modify them or work out some
other means of carrying off
the large volume of water that
comes now and then to gardens
in the Washington area.
-YOUNGMAN.
Evening star., 1961-05-07
Continued From PAGE G.1

Continued From Page G-1
would be deported, and that Cath
olic schools would be nationalized.
Cuban churches have several hun
dred foreign-born priests, most OF
them from Spain. Hostility has
been growing steadily stronger
between the Castro regime and the
Catholic hierarchy since Fidel
came to power in January, 1859.
Diplomatic sources in Havana
reported a mass terror" existing
throughout Cuba since the abortive
invasion attempt two weeks ago.
In Havana alone the reports said,
about 10000 Cubans and foreigners
were jammed into makeshift de-
tention centers, such as the Sports
Palace and theaters and the dry
moats surrounding the grim walls
OF the ancient Spanish fortress,
MORO Castle. There were no
arrangements for food or SANTA
ton, it was said. and conditions
had become indescribable.
A tight censorship on outgoing
news messages, cables. letters and
other communications prevented
direct contact with Havana. Thus
confirmation Of the reports of
terror was impossible to achieve,
but enough information was trick
ling out to Miami and other cities
to support the tidings of wholesale
imDriSOnmentS
Evening star., 1961-05-07
CompIocent?

Have we become complacent
about relationships such as those
OF Trujillo or Franco or Somoza.
simply because. although we may
privately admit they are wicked
totalitarians who tyrannize their
peoples, are supported and toler-
ated simply because. although
they are admittedly bad boys,
they're OUR bad boys?
Perhaps it had been fortunate
that the debacle of the Cuban
invasion attempt occurred so
early in the Kennedy administra-
tion. The wreckage In its wake
has caused the navigator to take
a closer look at the charts, to
check up on the engine room,
and to look to the seaworthiness
Of his ship.
Last week there was ample evi-
dence that the navigator is indeed
aware that the old charts may
perhaps be a little unsuitable to
the present seas. There are new
shoals and reefs. And the ship
he is steering is not alone on a
stormy ocean.
Evening star., 1961-05-07
Post-Mortems

The post-mortems on Laos had
begun even before the cease fire
came into effect.
On at least one point, opinion
was virtually unanimous: Laos
had been lost to communism, and
not to the pretended neutralism of
the record. This was Immediately
apparent in the attitude Of the
royal Lao army, which had obvi-
ously lost all semblance Of morale.
Wherever the Pathet Lao ap-
piled even modest pressure, it
gained ground. If the Communists
had been capable Of mounting a
major offensive, they could have
had the whole of the country in
the time it took them to roll
across it.
The army created by the United
States and on which hundreds
Of millions of dollars had been
expended did not have the stom-
ach for a fight.
Explanations are numerous:
laziness, corruption. lack OF lead
ership. religious scruples against
warfare, and popular support for
the Pathet Lao.
Informed observers, including
the American military, are con-
vinced that the people were de-
Evening star., 1961-05-07
The Old Treaties

The North Atlantic Treaty
Organization was created in 1949,
and other regional defense pacts,
such as the Southeast Asia Treaty
Organization and the erstwhile
"Baghdad Pact" (now the Gen.
trail Treaty Organization) later.
These alliances, beginning under
former President Truman, were
carried to a worldwide extent by
the late Secretary of State John
Foster Dulles. Are they still valid,
in the light Of present circurn-
stances?
What shall the United States
do, with the background Of the
traditional resist communism"
policy, to counter the Castro re-
gime in next-door Cuba? How
many times must we accept some
thing like the sort Of "neutralism"
in Laos that, up until a few weeks
ago, American policy had actively
opposed? What attitudes are we
to take, as a people and as gov
ernment, to the inevitable inroads
Of revolutionary sentiment, much
Of it Communist oriented, in
Latin America, in Africa, in Asia?
Evening star., 1961-05-07
The Foreign Scene

administration Just as the foreign
relations Of the Nation had begun
to take on a brighter hue.
The next move in the Cuban
dilemma is an object Of serious
study in the administration. Inves-
tigation and surveys of the whole
American intelligence field have
been ordered by the President.
The citizen board created by
former President Eisenhower to
act as watchdog" over CIA and
other intelligence activities has
been revived and reconstructed,
with DR.. James R. Killian Of the
Massachusetts, Institute Of Tech
nology named as chairman. But
the White House move in putting
this private-citizen Foreign Intel
ligence Advisory Board to work
did not head off a move in Con-
gress to create its own watchdog. ;"
a special committee similar to
the Joint Committee on Atomic
Energy which polices the activities
Of the Atomic Energy Commission.
Indications were growing as the
week ended that the problem Of
Cuba would be made major
subject for exploration by the
Organization of American States.
The OAS Council met Tuesday to
postpone a scheduled meeting of
OAS Foreign Ministers that was
to have been held May "a in
Quito, Ecuador.
But reaction from Brazil and
Argentina TO the Castro develop
ments strengthened sentiment for
early action by the OAS. Officials
in Brasilia and Rio de Janeiro
were noting that the course of
Cuba and its affiliation with the
MoScow-led Communist bloc called
for complete reanalysiS of the
hemisphere denfense situation
and of the proper role in future
Of the GAS.
Secretary Rusk Thursday said
the situation was under very
intensive" discussion between
United States and Latin American
diplomats, and that the informal
talks would probably bring a
Foreign Ministers meeting early
next month.
Evening star., 1961-05-07
in international affairs that de-
manded major solutions.

in international affairs that de-
manded major solutions.
Cuba was only one thing. Laos
was another. And there are null
tiplying signs that there will be
more.
John F. Kennedy is a man on
trial. and his prosecutors are not
kindly men. They could be ex-
plotting the fact that, in the
United States political system,
there is no real period Of trsnsi-
ton between the old administra-
ton and the new. Or they could
be simply applying pressure where
they know previous neglect or
previous follies have prepared the
way.
In any case, the Kennedy ap-
proach to the dangerously chal-
lenging storms of world politics
was being tested severely last
week. It was, perhaps, not only
time for decision. but a time for
definition before decision. Do the
old values still hold? Is it enough
to resist" international commu-
niSm as something that really
threatens the existence of a free
society? Is it possible to ignore or
to fight the reality Of sympathy
for the socialistic way of life In
50 many areas of the world?
Evening star., 1961-05-07

so does the army. and there is no
other way.
Judging from what has been
said and done In Laos, American
policy makers are vaguely aware of
this, but have decided against
those who wanted to draw the
anti-Communist line in Laos and
fight for it.
Policy could change at the peace
conference.-the that is unlikely
now that the drift toward modus
vivendi has gone so fas as another
meeting in which the United
States will sit down with Red
China and other Communist states.
The conference itself is a tremen-
dous United States concession, and
to back aay from it without a
settlement is almost impossible.
However, the effect Of neutraliz-
ing Laos-which cannot be ex-
pected to stay neutral for long
inevitably will spread across the
Mekong and into Thailand.
The That's know this and are
preparing for a change in their
own policy-a shift which will take
them slowly away from the West
and in the direction Of a modus
vivendi with the Soviet Union and
Red China. For the That's it is
simple: If the United States will
not stand in Laos-after all that
has been done there and all that
has been promised-then there is
no safety in dependence upon
Washington to stand anywhere.
1t may be, as some here say,
that there is nothing else to do,
that Laos has to be written off as
an impossible Siuation and as a
country that is not worth unilat-
eral defense by American forces.
But these same realistS are the
first to admit that this means a
Laos that soon will be in the Com
Evening star., 1961-05-07
No Intervention

Secretary Of State Rusk declared
the United States did not contem-
plate proceeding lin any way in
armed intervention in Cuba" He
testified before a closed session OF
the Senate Committee on Foreign
Relations Monday, explaining the
fiasco that brought about disaster
to the invasion attempt by Cuban
exiles.
The Secretary, according to
Senators present, did not try to
minimize the effects of the Cuban
adventure on the United States
position. Neither did he seek to
excuse the State Department from
a share of the responsibility for
encouraging the invasion attempt.
The Department, the White house,
the Central Intelligence Agency,
and the Pentagon were in "joint
participation" Senators said.
On Tuesday the Senators heard
Allen Dulles, director of the CHA,
outline his agency'S role in the
affair. The super secret CIA has
been the target for a major part
of the blame attached to the
blunder that rocked the Kennedy
Evening star., 1961-05-07
The National Scene

Continued From Page G-1
hurt or help the economic for
tunes Of individuals and groups
within the industry.
Mr.. Udall has an old friend in
the oil business. Mr.. Udall also
has a bloc Of tickets to the Jeffer-
son.Jackson Day dinner to dispose
Of to contributors Of $100 or more.
In hastily called news confer
ence last Tuesday, the Secretary
attempted to explain an April S
letter of solicitation sent out by his
friend, j. K. Evans, to oil and
gas industry representatives.
Mr.. Udall acknowledged that he
told Mr.. Evans he hoped that he
and some of his friends" would
attend the May 81 dinner. He
meant, he added, perhaps four, six
or eight other persons.
The Evans letter, which Mr..
Udall disavowed, said the Secre-
tary had asked him "as a personal
favor to him to solicit the oil and
gas industry in Washington in an
effort to help the Secretary dis
pose OF his very siZable quota Of
tickets :"
Assuming that Mr.. Udall was
not so naive to suggest that a
letter Of solicitation be sent out,
the Secretary, in the opinion of
most observers, made a mistake
in calling upon an oil man to help
him sell $100-a-plate tickets to a
Democratic rally.
President Kennedy acknowl-
edged on Friday that Mr.. Udall
and the administration were "em-
barrassed" over the incident and
that he had spoken to the Secre-
tary about it. He used the Incl
dent to plug for a plan to have
the Federal Government under
write the major expenses Of a
presidential campaign.
But If the President has dealt
gently-in public-with his Sec
retary, the Republicans have not.
Mr.. Udall once told the G. o. P.
that he intends to play politics
to the hilt." Then, perhaps in
advertently, he set off a row by
indicating that he believed the
Eisenhower administration should
share the blame for the recent
Cuban debacle.
The Republicans may have a
self-imposed moratorium on Cuba
and Laos, but there now is open
season on Stewart Udall. They
seem to be enjoying it.
Evening star., 1961-05-07
The Entire Concept

Friday the President, at his
news conference, employed Ian
guage that suggested strongly that
be was fully aware of the need
to know the seas. He did not talk
like q man who likes what he
sees, or excuses what he likes.
The image of America, he implied,
must never be an image of re-
action or Of the status quo. This
Nation, conceived in revolution,
must, Mr.. Kennedy indicated,
identify itself with progressive
human aspirations. with the desire
Of mankind to be free and to
grow in physical and spiritual
values.
There can be no question that
the whole concept of the United
States position in the world Is
being actively reappraised. If the
best minds and the best wills of
the Nation can help, they will
Evening star., 1961-05-07

cisive in tipping the scales against
the royal forces.
But it is less easy to determine
why popular backing should have
gone to the Communists rather
than the government.
Definitely Slotted GooIs
Neither did very much for the
people. but the Pathet Lao had
one big advantage in being the
Kingdoms only cohesive political
organization with definitely stated
goals and ideals.
II Pathet Lao association with
the Vietminh Communists Of
north Vietnam had been widely
known. this could have hurt. Un-
fortunately for the Laos govern
ment. the widespread use Of alien
Communists was carefully and
cleverly concealed.
American association with the
government side seems to have
done more good than harm. es-
pecially since the rural develop
ment program began to get off
the ground last year.
In many cases. American aid
personnel were saved by warnings
from the very people who SYM
pathized with the Psthet Lao.
There was no desire to see Ameri-
cans suffer.
All this will be changed now,
however. According to one Ameri-
can rural development official, 1T
is open season on Americans from
now on"
The Pathet Lao positiveneSs
was decisive when arrayed against
government ineptness and vacilla-
ton. To very great extent. this
was a direct reversal of the ex-
perience in Malay, where the
Communists were defeated be-