davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-10-23
Loymon to Pulpit

In your issue of October
l3, Bishop Dun is quoted on
the subject of fallout shell
ters: g. l don't consider
myself an expert on these
matters" And as to a pro-
gram for shelters he says:
This is something l could
not competently discuss" "
Since these statements un-
doubtedly are correct, it
would have been better if he
had ended his statement
there. Unfortunately the
Bishop goes on to use his
position to lecture the pub
lie on this subject on which
he is apparently not we'll in
formed and admittedly in
competent. Moreover, the
position he takes is contrary
to that of the Government
and Of the recent statement
by the President.
Protection against bomb at
tack has been studied and
planned for a long time by
officials who are we'll in
formed and who are compe-
tent. They have been trying
to alert the public to the need
for all the protection which
is practicable. whether pri-
vately built shelters. publicly
built shelters, shelters built
by private industrial and
commercial companies or by
the use of public buildings.
Plans also contemplate ef-
Evening star., 1961-10-23
Sergio Osmeno

The death at 83 of former President
Sergio OSmena of the Philippines closes
the long and colorful career of a man
who will be remembered as one of the
chief architects of Philippine independ
ence. Few FilipinoS campaigned earlier,
longer and more forcefully for the right
of the islanders to govern themselves
and none did more to help them prepare
to shoulder the responsibilities Of self
rule.
AS young lawyer in Manila, Mr..
OSmena took leading part in fostering
growth of the movement to throw off
American rule. He even started news
paper for the principal purpose of ad
vocating independence. His activities
always on the moderate Side-led to his
election to important posts in his native
province of Cebu and later to the vice
presidency Of the Commonwealth. He
came to Washington with other Com
monwealth officials when the japanese
overran the Philippines and became his
country's vice president-in-exile. And
when President Quezon died in 1914,
Mr.. OSmena succeeded to the presidency
Of the eXiled government. He waded
ashore with General Macarthur on Leyte
in 1914
During his stay in Washington he
made many friends and paved the way
for the granting of independence to the
islands after World War IL Although
he failed of election to the presidency
of the new Philippine nation, Mr.
Osmena's fame as a crusader for the
political autonomy of his country is
secure.
Evening star., 1961-10-23

forts to protect those per-
sons who would be especially
important to the Nation for
the recovery after an attack
and for winning the war.
The statement of the
Bishop tends to discourage
those who might provide
their own shelters. The ef-
feet would be to reduce the
total shelter available. to dis
courage private self-reliance
and initiative. to increase the
public burden. to overcrowd
publicly provided shelters.
1t might even result in the
death. unnecessarily. Of per-
sons who might otherwise
have been saved.
Phillips Kerr.
Evening star., 1961-10-23
Grim Guesses on the Superbonb
Foreign Correspondent of The St

throughout the world. And
if the effect is what the
Russians hope it will be, there
will be no need to fight a
war in order to win the game.
The hope in brief is to
paralyZe. by an overwhelming
show of force, the will of the
West and of the uncommitted
peoples to resist whatever
demands the Russians may
choose to make. If the dem
onstration of the superbomb
eonvinces people everywhere
that Russia actually possesses
an overwhelming military
advantage there will be little
left for the West to do but
to pick up its marbles and
go home.
Use Space Over q. S.?
The demonstration might
be made in a variety Of ways.
In getting the maximum use
out of its terror weapon,
Russian calculations logi-
cally would be based on ere
ating the most spectacular
effect without automatically
provoking nuclear retaliation.
Among some experts there
is serious speculation about
the possibility of an eXplos-
ion over the United States
or Western Europe at an al
titude great enough to cause
no damage but low enough to
be impresSively visible. In
this case, to be sure, the risk
Of retaliation would be very
great indeed-but, in the
Russian calculation, perhaps
not so great as to rule out
the possibility altogether.
Indeed the Russians would
count on their superbomb as
a powerful deterrent to any
reaction whatever on the part
of the West. It's demonstration
would be followed swiftly by
a number of ultimate in
Europe and elsewhere, the
acceptance Of which would
seal the inevitability Of a
Communist victory. At this
point, so the Communists
may reason, there would be
no question of resistance.
Is this actually the course
on which Khrushchev is en-
barked in announcing the
explosion Of his Superbomb?
Even expert spectators
don't pretend at this point
to know the answer. All they
do know is that the pattern so
far is following frighteningly
close to their predictions and
that Mr.. Khrushchev unques-
tionably has a very clear pur-
pose in mind.
Evening star., 1961-10-23
Peace Corps Passes in ReWew-With Stumble or Two

ficiently detached about
those Of others. On the other
hand, numerous individuals
from remote areas. with
United States education and
experience. find no employ
ment when they return to
their homelands with their
advanced degrees and their
training. (This is so because
many Of these less wealthy
countries cannot even afford
to employ their foreign
trained nationals. Some Of
these American-trained for
eigners could serve brilliant
ly in areas where levels Of
economic advancement close
ly approximate those of their
own.
Multiple detectives will be
served if reliable, western
oriented individuals, with
United States backgrounds,
serve the Peace Corps. They
will find outlets for their
skills. Since they will not
be nationals of the United
States or Of the countries
in which they serve, accusa-
tions concerning United
States imperialistic motives
will be largely silenced (since
such charges would also Of
fend the countries that fur
nish the United States
trained talenD. Because the
non-United States citizens
would be sent to countries
with living standards that
closely approximate those Of
their homelands, they will
be relatively unconcerned
about the levels of advance
ment they encounter on their
assignments. Thus. they will
be disinclined to evaluate
such standards while full
filling their missions, and
advancing their careers.
Paul A. Chadwell
4 4
1t has come to my atten-
tention through a friend in
Chile that a group of so
members of the Peace Corps
sailed on an American steam
ship line. first class. from
New York on September %
and arrived in Valparaiso,
Chile, on October la pc
riod of 19 days-at a cost
to the American taxpayer of
$40 for each person for
ocean transportation only.
The air fare, economy class.
would cost half of that per
person and take about less
than IL hours.
Is this where the money Of
the American taxpayer is 60
ing-to provide a good time
for some smart kids from a
rock m roll mill?
The people Of Chile have
been adult and self-support-
ing from the age of 10.
Irate Taxayer.
Now that the Peace Corps
has flunked its kindergarten
test in Nigeria, I am wonder
ing what will happen when
Shriver's babes really go into
action. If they don't mend
their ways, they will ALLEVIATE
more Africans than all the
Route 40 innkeepers laid end
TO end.
I Angus Sinclair.
Evening star., 1961-10-23

regard for the opinions OF
these little new states and
yet not one word Of condem-
nation has come from these
"unneutral neutralS" even
though their very lives and
future existence are endan-
gered by these senseless
atomic explosions.
We will receive interna-
tional respect only when we
expect and demand it.
r. E. Robert:
Sooner or later the Incl
dent at Ibadan was inevitable
The privileged few who seem
to infiltrate into these types
of organizations are too self
centered. egotistical unchari-
table. individuals who find
great satisfaction and pleas
ure from the miSfortunes Of
others. Miss Michelmore
should visit the mud houses
that the Indians still have
as their homes in the South
west. If this isn't primitive
then we must still be living
in the "Stone Age" There
are still many places in this
rich country, outside Smith
College Campus. which do
not have paved roads or side
walks. We should have some
OF our Peace Corps recruits
indoctrinated with our own
primitive conditions before
we crusade to change the
whole world to democracy
(our verSionD. What hypo-
critics are we, when we have
the xxx. Sc grega ton,
gangSterS, and criminals who
exploit the masses. and most
of all. the superiority at
titude which the majority of
Americans, Il am sorry to
say have that makes them
feel that Americans are bet
ter than anyone else. In
Latin America, they have a
"Hate-Yankee" C a m p aign,
and we have a "Hate-For-
eigner" campaign in this
country, whether we want
to believe it or not. Each
man must respect his neigh
bor'S home while he is liv-
ing there.
When in Rome do as the
Romans. l only hope that
Miss Michelmore has learned
her lesson. and that people
will not condemn her un-
justly because she is the vic
tim of the Gold War" But
the Communists will take ad-
vantage of this for their
propaganda. She is the best
ammunition the Communists
have in Africa.
Elisa Pearson
y
Why should a member of
the Peace Corps be recalled
from Nigeria because she
stated facts as she saw them
and didn't act like a dog
robbing hypocrite?
Lawrence G. Phelps
4
The cause of the Peace
Corps will be better served
if most Of its delegates to
foreign areas are non-Amer-
leans. We are too inter-
twined with our own high
living standards to be suf-
Evening star., 1961-10-23
Air Academy Church

I see by The Star that the
Air Force Academy will soon
have a new church with II
spires costing S2.5 million. I
think churches are very good
institutions but isn't some
thing a little out Of focus
when so many taxpayers
dollars are required for a
church to serve a single AF
facility?
There are want. suffering.
and privation in this coun-
try which much OF this
money would go a long way
to alleviate. Half a million
would seem enough to build
a fairly respectable sanctu-
ary. William T. LoyeIace,
Evening star., 1961-10-23

@. Were cranberries eat
en- at the Pilgrims first
Thanksgiving Day dinner?
IN. F.
A. There is no record that
they were. In his book "The
Pilgrim Reader" George F.
WilliSon writes: THE Pill
grims and their guests ate
their fill of venison, roast
duck, roast goose, clans and
other sh ellfis h, succulent
cells, white and corn bread,
leeks and watercresS and
other 'sallet herbes,' topped
with wild plums and dried
berries as dessert. Neigh
boring bogs were filled with
cranberries. but it is doubtful
if the Pilgims had yet found
a happy use for them" -
Evening star., 1961-10-23
PARIS.

PARIS.
Soviet Premier Khru-
shchev's plans to explode his
Som eg ON superbomb at
the end of the current series
of nuclear tests seem to bear
out a number of grim pre-
dictions about the Russian
use of terror weapons.
The predictions were made
some years back by several
experts in the fields of weap-
onry and psychological war
fare, including Henry Kis-
singer and James GaviE-.
Rather early in the game
these experts foresaw the de-
velopment of these super
bombs by the Soviet Union
and speculated about their
possible effectiveness as de-
cisive weapons in a struggle
between East and West.
The speculation started
from the assumption that the
Russian leaders would not
hesitate TO use terror as a
major weapon in their Strug-
gle with the West and the
uncommitted world. No tenn
porary concern about world
opinion" or pleas from the
United Nations could be
counted on to deter them
from developing weapons for
this purpose.
From the beginning the
Russians have known what
the West may never learn:
In most of the world, power
and terror are more effective
than justice. And in the end.
the game would go to the side
htat made the most efficient
use of them.
Cumbersome Weapon
The development of a new
superbomb, as experts here
see it, has no other purpose
From a military standpoint.
it is a highly inefficient
weapon, cumbe some e to
handle, expensive and highly
wasteful Of fashionable ma
terial. Two or three bombs of
smaller size could do the
same job far more efficiently
There is little doubt that in
actual warfare smaller weap-
ons would, in fact, be used.
The purpose OF a super
bomb then is entirely psyche
logical. According to this
theory it is not even designed
for practical military use.
1t is designed quite simply
as an awe-inspiring demon
stration Of Russian power for
the effect it may have on
peoples and governments
Evening star., 1961-10-23

I should like to take my
stand in favor of a more log
ical reaction to the recently
published stories about Peace
Corps m mber Margery
Michelmore and her all too
mature and objective obser-
vations in Nigeria. l must say
that I have not seen the en-
tire text. and unless the other
parts Of her letter" are of a
different nature than that
part published in your recent
editorial, with which l am in
great accord. it would seem
that but one mistake has been
made.
This sincere individual has
made the mistake of letting
herself be convinced that an
amateur group can serve a
professional function.
In books such as The Ugly
American" and in popular
public opinion our foreign
service facilities and practices
have come to bear a great
deal Of criticism with respect
to their supposed inferiority
to those Of Russia and the
other more internationally
active Communist countries.
Is our best solution to this
diplomatic mediocrity the in
PRODUCTION of a new group of
individuals into this field
with even less training than
those who have already fallen
to so much valid criticism?
William G. Williams
What in the world is hap
pening to America and the
American people? No Won
der the "uncommitted ma
tions" meeting in Belgrade
showed the most utter con-
tempt for us and a complete
disregard for our opinion of
their actions. We have earned
1t.
Their representatives come
over here on the foreign-aid
money We have sent them
and live in a luxury that they
could never have at home
and then have the unmiti-
gated gall to complain be-
cause they do not have great
er privileges than even we
citizens have. I know that a
private club or restaurant
has the legal, moral and ethi-
cal right to select it's own
clientele and I have rightly
been denied service because l
wore no tie. I also am well
aware of the fact that I can
not get into the Metropolitan
Club, either, and do not ex-
pect an explanation as to
why not. Nigeria gets up in
arms about a true statement
Of fact in a private piece Of
mail but what do we do about
these critical Ugly Foreign
erS?" We apologize all over the
place and then a great propa-
ganda drive is started to take
away from the American
public another piece of the
very little remaining bit of
the freedom, liberty and JUS
TIDE that was first given to us
by the founders of this re-
public.
Russia does not apologize
for its inhuman, barbaric ac-
tions and shows a totah Fjs-
Evening star., 1961-10-23

@. Why does window glass
get hazy and purplish?
F. K.
A. Glass frequently changes
color on exposure to sunlight,
and the surface may weather
or decompose slightly on ex-
posure to certain types of at
moSpheric conditions. Any
color change is generally
from the initial color of the
glass to a purpliSh tint, prob
ably the result of the action
of sunlight on the manganese
which was used in glassmak-
ing. Weathering affects the
surface of the glass and rem
ders it less transparent, but
does not generally change it's
color as exposure to sun
changes it,
Evening star., 1961-10-23

LETTERS TO THE STAR

to run at large. Valuable
dogs are endangered by traf-
fic hazards.
We believe dog owners have
a responsibility to the public
as well as to their pets. Well
cared for dogs and we'll
trained dogs make good cit
liens. To attain these ends,
the Tail-Waggers' Club op-
crates a nonprofit clinic for
dogs that would not other
wise receive veterinarian
treatment and for the past
10 years, has conducted an
obedience training class for
dogs.
Eleanor Coleman.
President, Tail = WaggerS'
Club.
Evening star., 1961-10-23
Pen names mnu be used L

Pen names may be used II
letters carry UriterS' correct
names and addresses. All let
terS are subject to condenSd-
ton, Those not used UiH be
returned only ,Uhen accom-
panied by sell = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-10-23
DoG-Leoshing Law

The Tail-Waggers' Club
congratulates the District
Commissioners on their de-
cision to enforce the dog
leashing ordinance.
1t has concerned people,
interested in animal welfare.
that dogs have been allowed
Evening star., 1961-10-23

embodied principles Of morality and
religion and, in objective, concentrated
on "the ability to read aloud with sense,
clearneSs and appreciation" According
to the Dictionary of American History"
the lessons enforced proverbial wisdom,
advising accuracy, honesty, truthfulnesS,
obedience, kindness, industry, thrift,
freedom and patriotism" Is that bad?
Evening star., 1961-10-23

Human brain and body
have high tides and low
tides.
There is a low tide between
and 6 am. and a high tide
between late afternoon and
early evening. A person fully
awake during the low period
will be less alert. regardless
of how he rests beforehand.
This has been determined
in experiments with soldier
volunteers at the Army's Wal
ter Reed Institute Of Re-
search. Soldiers on long,
sleepless vigils during early
morning hours cannot be ex-
pected to keep up their best
performance for long periods.
This finding comes from a
long research project on the
nature of sleep, per Sc. This
research already has shown
that of all the body's organs
the brain is the most SenSi-
tive to stresses of SleepleSs-
ness. Under prolonged sleep
loss, the Walter Reed scien-
lists report, the nervous Sys-
TEN begins to behave some
thing like a motor in need of
a tune up. 1t alternatively
misfires, runs normally for
a time, and falters again. The
misfirings are indicated by
lapses in attention and fleet
ing visual hallucinationS
which make floors seem to
tilt at a dangerous angle or
roll like a wave.
Common Experience
The tide phenomenon pre-
sumably is common to all
men, although the precise pc
riod varies from individual
to individual. The Army in
vestigators have found that
tasks which require continuous
alertness, but which are bor-
ing or monotonous, are most
sensitive to sleep loss. FIRE.
quent changes of routine to
improve performance are Sug-
geSted. Another way to re-
duce the effects is to deter
mine whether or not a job
is self-paced, such as typing
letters or sending messages
where a subject sets his own
speed, or work-paced, such as
watching a radar screen or
receiving 6 radio messages,
where the soldiers must re-
spond Immediately.
More than 100 volunteers
Evening star., 1961-10-23
Questions and Answers
By THE HASKINS SERV.

reader get mail to question Of fact
nclose self addressed
The Nome nugget., 1961-01-20
Eisenhower States He Done His Best;
"What Is it Like on the Outsider
By Saul Pett

WASHINGTON Up = Two
weeks ago President Eisenhower
was visited in the White House
by his old Army friend, Gen.
Omar Bradley, now a corporate
executive.
Brad" the President of the
United States asked, chow do
you like your job on the outsider"
The word outside" was given
special kind of emphasis, a
yearning, an envy, vicarious
relish, the way man in Jail
long time asks about the world
beyond the walls.
MIR. President" said Gen.
Bradley, cts wonderful. Oh,
there are still decisions to make
but l don't have to make them the
day they're brought in. l can take
several days or even weeks to
make up my mind"
And the President said, marvel
ling, that must be wonderful"
The incident, aides and asso-
ciates agree, is the best single
mirror of Dwight D. EisenhoWer's
mood in the last days of his adj
ministration. He is about to close
out half century of public serv-
ice and 20 years of awesome bur-
den, and he can't wait. He has
been counting the days.
He leaves with variety of
other emotions but the overriding
one appears to approach relief.
He hungers to relax and escape
tension. He longs for the luxury,
denied him most of the past 20
years, of living without fear that
a mistake could imperil a civiliza-
ton or nation or army or single
The Nome nugget., 1961-01-20
Eisenhower Commends
Kennedy on His Address

WASHINGTON R - Former
President Eisenhower said today
the inaugural address of his sue
cessor, President John F. Ken
nedy, was "fine, very fine"
He made the remark in reply
to newsman's question as he ar
rived with Mrs. Eisenhower for
a luncheon given in their honor
by Lewis l.. Strauss.
AS the Eisenhowers entered an
accordionist struck up "for he's
jolly good fellow" The guests
raised champagne glasses and
sang the song.
The guests included former
Vice President and Mrs. Richard
M. Nixon, members of the Eli
senhower cabinet and their wives
and a few other officials of the
outgoing administration.
The Nome nugget., 1961-01-20
Washington HUNS With Activity {.
WASHINGTON, D. c. is humming wit
BY EMILY BOUCHER

WASHINGTON, D. C. is hummng with activity
w in preparation for the inaugural and its festi-
vities which expected to draw million visitors.
Stands from the bleacher type to closed-in heated
boxes line Pennsylvania Avenue where the parade
will be held
With all the pomp of great republic, the oldest
President in history will hand over the leadership
of America to the youngest President ever elected.
The futures most important essentials just
peace and sound dollar Then there is the challenge
of Communism. Our President must rise to the
stature of world leadership and must mobilize all
free men into mammoth offensive for victory, for
we have come to crossroads of freedom.
There is much talk here of the close election
and the need for feasible electoral reform.
This must be done by a constitutional amendment
Eisenhower recently said to the Army-Navy
Club Don't let me feel that you have let down
on this fight for better America for peace, for
strength for private enterprise for individual effort
Always go on fighting"
His eyes the future those of the
new President and all the free countries of the world
The Nome nugget., 1961-01-20
platoon of men.
He Done His Best

He leaves with a conviction of
having done his best, with pride
in much of his record 0iscal
policy, relative containment of
the Soviets and no shooting war
involving America and a deep,
abiding disappointment that in
his eight years the world came no
closer to real peace.
He leaves, too, with some sad
ness, with feeling of inner senti-
mentality that he rarely shows in
public.
He leaves with a private affec-
ton for the old house, to which
he returned after two serious ILL
nesses and minor stroke, in
which he and Mamie Eisenhower
had the longest single stay in their
As years of much travelled mar
ried life.
He leaves with a warm hope of
privacy and a soaring expectation
that he can now play golf with
out criticism. He leaves with two
tiny ambitions, poignant in their
Smallness:
He would now like to be able to
decide suddenly to go to a ball
game without fuss, without gall
vanizing so people into action. He
would like, too, to be able to
wander through a supermarket
without commotion. He is tired
OF commotion and curious about
supermarketS.
What will he miss most? He
will miss, we are told, the fringe
benefits of command and the
Presidency. He now leaves the
vast executive machinery of gov
The Nome nugget., 1961-01-20
Halaby Will Head the
Federal Aviation Agency

WASHINGTON Up - President
elect John F. Kennedy has chosen
Najeeb Halaby of Los Angeles to
be Chief of the Federal Aviation
Agency. Halaby now is deputy
chief.
Halaby will succeed E. R. Que
sada who recently became part
owner of the new Washington
Baseball Club, and resigned his
federal post.
Halaby, As, now has his own
law firm in Los Angeles and is
also secretary-treasurer of Aero
space Corp, the principal techni-
cal adviser to the Air Force on
Ballistic missile and space pro-
grams.
Halaby was a test pilot for
Lockheed Aircraft from 1941 to
1943 and then a Navy test pilot
until I1946.