davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-01-30
With Luck, We May .

"AUAAAl IAie "ech, pOSSIUly TOMORROW
or the day after, the National Aero
nauticS and Space Administration will
attempt to send 40-pound chimpanzee
on suborbital flight that will constitute
the most important test thus far In
Project Mercury
II all goes we'll (NASA cautions that
trouble Is mot completely UNEXPECTEDLY.
the chimpanzees "spacecraft," which is
to be sent aloft from Cape Canaveral
by Mercury-RedStone launch vehicle
will reach a maximum altitude of
around lis miles and travel a distance
OF some 290 miles down the Atlantic
Missile Range. During the course of this
flight, the astro-chimp, II one may call
1t that, will experience Weightlessness
Tor approximately 4E minutes, and all
its reactions will be recorded by special
Instrumentation.
The hope Is, Of course, that the
chimpanzee will be recovered in good
health aboard its "spacecraft," which
is like the capsule in which one of our
American aStronuats is to 60 on q
similar suborbital flight some months
from now, perhaps in May. In any event,
as NASA has declared in its admirably
detailed advance information on the
impending chimp-launch, the $4O0-
million Project Mercury requires not
just such tests as that launch, but a
great complex of concurrent expert
ments and trial-and-error operations.
Moreover, in NASA's words, Before the
United States attempts its first manned
orbital step into space aboard an Atlas,
every Mercury spacecraft system
including several aStronautS as least
will have been space-qualified on at
least one Of Mercury's boosters"
Why rush forward with this kind Of
experimentation? Why be so intense
and elaborate about it? The answer,
according to NASA, Is this: Mercury
will prove how well man can survive,
and whether he can think clearly and
perform useful functions in the un-
known weightless void of space. Such
proof-negative or positive-will have a
tremendous impact on space vehicle de-
sign and space exploration planning for
decades to come. The sooner we get the
proof, the better off we will be. With
luck, we may have man in orbit within
a year"
The little chimpanzee about to
blast off from Cape Canaveral will be
pioneer OF sorts, and the success or
failure Of Its flight viii be OF key
significance to the human effort in
space. We wish the creature bon voyage,
and a safe return-with our fingers
crossed as much as NASA's.
Evening star., 1961-01-30
Menace in the COMO :

Secretary General Dag Hammars-
kjold has not tried to sugar the pill in
commenting on the deteriorating posi-
ton OF the United Nations In the
anarchic Congo. AS he has made clear
to the Security Council, the deterioration
has: been critically accelerated by the
decision Of a number of Asian and
African countries to withdraw their
contingents from the emergency military
force sent over there by the u. N. in an
effort to establish order and promote
peace among the warning factions.
The withdrawing countries (all Of
them "neutralists" who demand that the
deposed and imprisoned pro-Soviet
Premier Lumumba be restored to power)
include Indonesia, Morocco and the
United Arab Republic. Together, these
three have contributed nearly 5000
troops to the U. N. force, and II Mr..
HammarSkjold cannot persuade them
to continue that contribution, the force
will be reduced to fewer than $4,000 men
"a development that could hardly fail
to make the task of the United Nations
more dif1cult than ever. perhaps even
to the point Of becoming almost hope
less.
At any rate, as the Secretary
General has warned, Severe weakening
of the force by reason of Withdrawals
may make 1t impossible" for the force
ito function effectively and would thus
make necessary a proposal for the
liquidation Of the force and in con-
sequence the entire United Nations
operation in the Congo" In turn this
could lead to immediate civil war
degenerating into uninhibited tribal
conflict and the complete disintegra-
ton of the remaining fabric of national
unity" among the Congolese. And any
such development of course, might
quickly result In the open and active
involvement" of the rival big powers,
meaning particularly the United States
and the Soviet Union.
Mr.. Hammarskjold has not over
stated the case in declaring that the
peace of "a substantial part of the
world" would be imperiled If any such
involvement materialized That is why
he has expressed great regret" and a
measure of implied alarm over the pro-
spective "neutraliSt" pull-out. Certainly,
If the pull-out takes place, disorder and
civil strife are likely to increase, and the
future Of the Congo, If not Of the u. N.
itself, will be gravely In doubt.
Evening star., 1961-01-30
V News Conference
president Kern.dv =.

President Kennedy, to
quote an item in The Star
(January 25j ". knows
what he thinks; he says
what he knows and he means
what he says" That is the
impression I gained from
following his press confer
snce on TV. Although at
election-time he would not
have had my vote II I had
been privileged to cast one,
1t is but fair to recognize
merit when merit is dis
played.
Regarding the press. 1t
seems to me that loaded
questions should be consid-
cred taboo at Q conference
Of this calibre. Several such
were asked. and in the most
flagrant instance the Presi-
dent took exception to the
premises Of the question"
Anyone. qualified to be
present and ask questions at
all. should realize that ask
ing q loaded question Is
neither an intelligent act nor
. credit to the questioner.
Regarding the President,
let's offer the commentator
that is his due; let's hope
that what he knows" is cor
rect. and at the same time
let's hope that his repeated
mispronunciation Of the name
Of the second month Of the
year may have been but =
lapse.
Evening star., 1961-01-30

Q. How much do the
States spend on advertising
to attract tourists?-D.M.
A. Research has shown
that a total Of over $23 mil
lion was budgeted in 1860 by
States, areas. and community
organizations to attract tour
lists and yacationers. Travel
is now big business. Expendi-
lures in the United States
for all kinds Of travel prob
ably reached $21 billion in
1860. This figure includes ex-
pendtures for. food, bever-
ages, clothing, and sports
wear as we'll as transporta-
tion costs. Six States are re-
ported to be spending more
than 81 million each In 1861
81 for travel and industrial
promotion: Florida, Califor-
mia. Hawaii, New York, Vir.
ginia, and Arkansas:
Evening star., 1961-01-30
Capitol Cobwebs

In his stirring inaugural
address, President Kennedy
once again pledged himself
to guide this country into
world leadership in the
struggle for freedom and
survival.
He has asked all America
to help in this struggle. But
apparently his words failed
to register in the minds of
some all-important few in
trenched in the most power
full committees Of Congress.
Surely there must be q way
to stop. and perhaps even to
reverse such reactionary ac-
tions as the side-tracking of
liberal Senator CLARK of
Pennsylvania from the For
eign Relations Committee.
Senator Clark had the SEN
iority. and he is a member of
the Senate Steering Com
mittee which makes these
appointments. Yet, he was
not appointed! Instead, Sem
ator Dodd, conservative, was
handed that post! And now
there is the House District
Committee which is to have
Southern conservative re-
placements for those who
fell by the election wayside!
Yet, Eternal vigilance is
the price of freedom" and Of
real democracy. It is high
time that Congress recognize
that true democracy in
America cannot be attained
while undemocratic rules
permit autocratic forms to
hamString democracy in this
seat Of American Govern
ment!
We cannot expect to lead
the world unless we lead
ourselves in q way which
will demonstrate sincerity to
those whom we would lead.
1t Is late-but we can and
must clean all cobwebS from
our Capitol.
Hyman Cunin.
Assoc. Prof.
Howard UniyerSity
Evening star., 1961-01-30
Quotes vs.. Quotes

Some quotes by Thomas
jefferson inscribed on the
walls Of the jefferson Memo
rial were repeated in o letter
by E. B. Henderson, State
Board, Va. Council on Human
Relations. I don't know what
is on the walls Of his monu-
ment. But this is what
Thomas Jefferson said:
Nothing Is more certainly
written In the book Of fate
than that these CNegro)
people are to be free; nor
is it less certain that the
two races, equally free, can
not live in the same govern
ment. Nature. habit, opin-
ion have drawn indelible lines
Of distinction between them.
1t is still in our power to
direct the process Of emanci-
patton and deportation,
peaceably. and In such slow
degree, as that the evil will
wear off insensibly, and their
place be, pari passu. filled UP
by free white laborers. II, on
the contrary. 1t is left to
force itself on. human nature
must shudder at the prospect
held up. We should in vain
look for an example in the
Spanish deportation or dele
ton Of the Moors. This prec-
edent would fall far short
Of our case" Page 1874, Life
Writings and Opinions Of
Thomas jefferson. BY B. L.
Rayner. Pub. N. Y. 1882. LII
brary Of Congress Glass
"E332." Book "R 26."
Edgar C. PartlOw.
Evening star., 1961-01-30
SLIGHTLY Cynical

Would President Kennedy
tell us when the Nation will
begin to move again?" I want
to know so I can get a strong
grip on my chair so when
I'VE start moving again" I
won't 60 sailing out across
the new frontier. Also 1t
would be nice to know where
we are moving to II I'VE be-
gin moving again" 1t seems
in 1917 we moved into war
Evening star., 1961-01-30
Mental Health. Aid
The Mental Health Associa- =

The Mental Health ASSocia-
ton Is grateful to the Mental
Health Joint Planning Com
mittee Of Montgomery County
for its recently completed
survey Of mental health
resources. The findings con-
firm q basic assumption our
association has made ever
since we first opened an
office: there are more
demands for mental health
service than can be met
even in one Of our country's
richest counties.
That many Montgomery
County citizens have learned
the value Of early diagnosis
and treatment of emotional
problems is shown by the fact
that IN every area Of service
the county resources do not
measure up.
1t Is now time for us to
learn that only through joint
effort can these resources
be expanded so that they will
be available to everyone.
Together we must urge the
County Council to raise grade
levels and give more realistic
salaries to social workers In
the Health Department, and
to expand the staff Of the
psychiatric services 50 that
the young people referred
to 1t by the Board OF Educa-
ton need not wait up to six
months before being helped.
Together we must put
pressure on community hospi-
tails Especially the one about
to be built) to include beds
for psychiatric emergency
treatment and the short
term treatment Of emotional
problems. We must Join
together to get community
support for more family and
personal counseling service
such as that provided by
Family Service OF Mont
gomery County. We must
find ways Of co-ordinating
referral services for individ-
uals who need information as
to where to turn when they
are troubled.
Mrs. d. Wells Goodrich.
President, Montgomery
County Mental Health
Association.
Evening star., 1961-01-30
: :, also in ls4l and again in
0EA

-. also In lS4l ana again In
1850.
Oh. and about our pres
tige abroadl l. suggest the
Kennedy administration pub
liSh two giant charts one
on moving again." with the
indicators showing. miles per
hour. and the other on pres
tige with the indicators show
Ing our popularity, abroad.
These two themes Of last fall
surely aren't going to be
abandoned now. They were
such expedient tools Of ex-
ploitation playing upon the
emotions Of so many little
people. Surely they will not
now be cast off like soiled
garments and sacrificed upon
the affairs Of political expe-
diency.,
Wishing our new President
Godspeed, I trust he will have
better luck with the ship Of
state than he did with his
PIT boat. I'll be in there
paying taxes to help him.
Taxpayer.
Evening star., 1961-01-30
Unwonted Butcher

In fction, the So-called soldiers of
fortune usually are portrayed as adven-
turers on the Robin Hood model-noble
types who would never permit danger
to compromise principle. In real life,
scription Of soldier Of fortune may be
applied to Herman Frederick Marks it
hardly glorifies the breed
Marks is American-born and no cred
1t to the country Of his birth. AS an ad-
venturer, Of the worst sort, he Joined the
rebel forces of Fidel Castro in Cuba be-
fore that bearded psychopath came to
power In Havana. For this, Marks lost
his American citizenship, but his days
OF greatest infamy were yet to come. AS
captain" in Castro's army and "se-
curity off1cer" at LaCabana fortress in
Havana, Marks became known as "The
Butcher" who supervised the summary
execution of more than 200 Cuban op-
ponents of the Castro regime. 1t is not
fully clear, nor is 1t relevant, whether
Marks had had enough Of Castro or vice
versa, but the record shows that he hi
lacked fishing boat last May and
slipped into the United States via Mex
leo. He is now under arrest, and we in
dorse the congratulations Of Attorney
General Kennedy to the immigration
Service for collaring him.
Today, as renegade American of no
citizenship and butcher" by choice,
he faces deportation-either to Mexico,
from whence he came most recently, or
to Cuba, where perhaps he belongs. His
record before he left the United States,
according to immigration officials, in
cludes 80 arrests-among the charges
being rape and draft-dodging. His rec
ord in Cuba is one Of vengeful killing.
Wherever he goes and to whatever fate,
he deserves no compassion or considera-
ton in civilized society.
Evening star., 1961-01-30
VSTAS IN SCIENCE
Another of Natures Secrets Exposed
By THOMAS r. HENRY

Breaking Of one Of Natures
deepest secrets-how nitrogen
essential to the growth Of all
living things is taken out Of
the air and fixed in the soil
has Just been reported to
the American Federation Of
Biological Societies.
Nitrogen fixation now Is
accomplished by the fertil-
izer industry at a rate of
about 10 million tons a year,
but only with enormous
expenditure Of energy and
at enormous expense. This
has been the prime objective
Of the greatest power pro-
jectS Of the last two decades,
such as Muscle Shoals in
Alabama or PaSsamaquoddy
in Maine. The amount pro-
duced is less than two per
cent Of the amount needed.
Bacteria Do Same Job
Bacteria in the soil do the
same job for nothing and
produce enormously greate
quantities. Hitherto it has
been taken for granted that
the work could be done only
by living organisms-that is,
inside living cells.
This idea Is shattered by
the report by DR.. James E.
Carnahan and his associates
OF the Dupont Co. research
experimental station at Will
mington. From preparations
OF common soil bacteria. DR..
Carnahan said, the Dupont
chemists have succeeded in
extracting certain biological
chemicals. or engines, with
which they are able to extract
nitrogen from the air with
almost no expenditure Of
energy. At present this is
possible only by very pre-
cisely controlling conditions.
Later it may be possible to
do 1t on q large scale.
Nitrogen Is a major con-
stituent Of the atmosphere
but 1t can be used in its
elemental form only by low
forms of life. The supply in
the atmosphere must be con-
stantly renewed. Some comes
from mineral nitrate deposits,
and some Is created by
lightning.
Admittedly. Dr. Carnahan
reports. there is a long way
to 80 before the new pro-
cess becomes commercially
feasible. The engine chem
istry involved is far from
being thoroughly understood.
The likelihood is held
forth, however. that there
may be q revolution in world
agriculture with the un-
limited supplies Of fertilizer
practically without cost in
prospect.
. n 4 y
An area Of 2,500, 900 square
miles Of Canada now has
been surveyed 50, that any
point can be precisely located
on a map.
The dominion's vast sub
Arctic and Arctic Islands,
some Of, them almost unac-
Evening star., 1961-01-30
New Deal Epitophs

The associated architects,
Petersen. Tilney. Wasserman
and Beer are to. be highly
congratulated on their win
ming design Of the Franklin
d. Roosevelt memorial to be
erected in Washington. D. C.
At first look we ask in won-
derment What is it?" How
ever. after careful study and
analysis. we discover that
this monument Is an. ingen-
ious masterpiece in concep-
ton. symbolic Of the pre-
vailing chaos, crime, waste
and war, illustrating the
present era in history Of the
United States.
Functionally. this monu-
ment has very little value, II
any. as q structure. It doesn't
even provide an umbrella
roof to keep people from get
ting wet when 1t rains. It
does, however, provide tomb
stone tablets for recording
the steps that have been
taken toward the decline and
fall Of the American Repub-
lie into communism through
too much socialism. capital
ism and greed without
enough individual sovereign
ty and useful productivity to
balance the account between
wealth and stealth. Some
thing for nothing" has taken
priority over justice, there
fore there cannot be good
will, peace, sanity, law and
order.
The tablets should read
There Is nothing to fear"
except apathy. complacency
and completely in the crea-
ton and perpetuation Of:
Confusion. usurpation, mo-
nopolization, Discriminate
manipulation. confiscation,
incrimination. domination
and destruction
G. Sxmak, r. C. s. I.
Betty Beale's column had
. wonderful idea for the
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Memorial. If Mrs. Kay Graves
suggested her splendid idea
to the memorial commission
as far back as two years ago,
and was turned down, it
makes one wonder at the
wisdom" Of the commission
members. A tribute to F.D.R.
incorporated In the Cultural
? Center would make every one
entering there think OF him
with q grateful heart. WASH
ington has great need for
such q center, and to COM
bine the two ideas Is bril-
liant. How much better this
warm imaginative tribute
than the ugly conglomera-
ton Of slabs now proposed!
Louise Holz
Evening star., 1961-01-30
Nj. Sans Secret

speaker Sam Rayburn has said that
ne wants to enlarge, or pack, the House
RULES Committee to prevent any bottling
up OF the Kennedy legislative program.
A fair question to ask is this: Just what
legislative program is the Speaker
talking about?
Representative Howard Smith, chair
man OF the committee, has given
assurance that the committee will not
hold up the five measures which have
been identified, up to this point, as the
Kennedy legislative program. He has
also promised that the committee will
not stand in the way of sending bills
to conference when approved by the
House and the Senate.
This is not enough for the Speaker.
He has demanded, according to the news
reports, that Judge Smith guarantee in
writing that the committee, at Mr..
Rayburn's request, will clear all bills
backed by President Kennedy.
(. Putting aside the insulting aspect
OF this demand for written guarantee,
Just what Is 1t that the Speaker wants?
Is there some legislation, as yet unmen-
sioned but in the Speakers mind, which
ne thinks would be so repugnant that
the Rules Committe would not clear it?
Does he know what bills may be backed
IN the future by the Kennedy admins
tration? We doubt it very much.
What he Is demanding really is a
blank check which would empower the
White House, acting through the
Speaker as its agent, to decide which
measures will be brought before the
House and which will not. This, 1t seems
to us, is bad in principle aid unwise as
precedent. Why not simply abolish the
Rules Committee and revive that
malodorous era in which the Speaker
was absolute master of the House?
Evening star., 1961-01-30
WATCHING THE WORLD
Portuguese Irked But Unworied
BY CROSBY S. NOYE.
Fossisn Correspondent Of The Stsr

understand is that the alter
native for Portugal is either
communism or some kind
Of positive neutralisn. In
either case, Spain would 60
the same way. The, whole
Iherian peninsula would be
lost to NATO and the strate-
gic defense Of the West"
The Communist argument
from the beginning has been
plugged to the hilt. Today
you are told that If Galvao
Is not a Communist, In any
case it is not he but q mys-
terious Spaniard who is the
real leader Of the rebel group.
And Of course q report that
the whole band Of 10 rebels
includes only 6 Portuguese
citizens is getting maximum
play In all unofficial state
mentS.
When it comes to internal
reaction. the government has
less cause for worry. Govern
ment spokesmen deny fatty
that there has been any re-
enforcement Of military gar
risonS in the Portuguese COL
onieS in Africa or the Cape
Verde Islands. No special Sc
curity precautions have been
taken in Portugal itself, and
so far as anyone can learn
the number Of political ar
rests has not increased.
In fact. as they tell it. the
government has found pub
lie reaction fairly reassuring.
Revolt Called Failure
"Galvao's aim in this busi-
ness was to overthrow the
Salazar government" Vala-
dao said. But he has failed.
The Portuguese people do
not like to see their country
attacked by outsiders. The
final result will be to draw
them together even more
firmly behind the regime"
For all that an outsider can
see here. the Minister may
well be right. Certainly If the
man in the street has any
Sneahng sympathy for the
rebels Of the Santa Maria,
he is keeping it strictly to
himself. Crowds gathered
outside newspaper offices to
read the latest bulletins seem
to reflect the docile indigna-
tion Of the newspaper edi-
tors. One paper which man
aged to control its horror at
the act Of barbarism has not
yet reappeared on the stands.
Even declared opponents
Of the regime-to the extent
that they can be found-are
treating the affair with kid
gloves. Those who are will
ing to express any opinion at
all agree that piracy is bad
politics.
After all, Salazar IL u
years eld," they point out.
He won't be around forever.
We would rather wait for
our chance to take over le-
gally. 1t may not be quite as
picturesque as playing pirate,
but it's surer in the long
run"
Evening star., 1961-01-30
Thanks ShoveIers

I think the good people of
Washington who cleared
their sidewalks after our re-
cent Snowstorm are entitled
to a vote Of thanks from
those Of us who were bene-
ficiaries Of their kind con-
sideration.
Personally I would like all
Of them to know that I deep
ly appreciated their good
will toward the general
public as expressed in the
time and effort spent by
them in contributing to the
welfare and comfort Of Pc
Evening star., 1961-01-30

eessible, have been thoroughly
integrated with the main
land.
This has Just been reported
to the American Geophysical
Union by j. E. r. Ross Of the
Canadian Geedetic Survey.
The triangulation of the
remote parts of the areas
was made possible by intro
auction Of new electronie
measuring systems with an
accuracy Of about one part
in $4,000, according to the
report.
A total Of 502 basic inter-
lacing lines, Of which the
longest covers 367 miles, have
been established together
with 143 fixed survey points.
Wide Area Covered
Through one Of the elec-
tronic systems. says the re-
port. Canada now has com
plete coverage OF the area
north Of the present triangu-
lation system. The accuracy
In length Of one part In
$4,000 has been confirmed
but variations in position of
some magnitude are bound
to be revealed because,
although length is maintained
on an average to q hfgh
degree random, mismeasure-
ment does occur and has
remained undetected during
the operation.
THE embracive control
coverage now permits a CO.
ordinated breakdown in local
areas by newer and shorter
range electron instruments.
The translateration has
provided an important link
In the connection Of conti-
nentS."
Perhaps, says the report,
1t Will contribute to q better
concept Of the true shape
of the world.