davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-12-17

major bone in Congress throat
during the last session, and the
emphasis is likely to rest instead
on getting financial support for
higher education.
The prospect of a hard and
bitter fight on the medical care
legislation does not faze the
White House strategiSts, who are
totally convinced that win or lose,
their battle against the doctors
will mark a political gain for the
administration. In contrast the
battle to extend reciprocal trade
will be painful political exercise
requiring every possible effort to
dramatlze the long term benefits
OF trade agreements. Nobody is
looking forward to this struggle
but there is an underlying con-
fidence that the cause of
llberalized trade will ultimately
triumph as it has repeatedly in
the last % years.
Potronoee-AII Eoten
The patronage pie is virtually
eaten and most of its leverage
will be lost to the White House
through the session ahead. The
President is expected to continue
his technique of dealing with
Congress as friendly graduate
who understands it's problems. His
aides may get tougher however
and they are not without re-
sources. Errant Democrats may
find that their telephone calls to
executive officials go unanswered
that room is not available for
their visitors on special tours of
the White House, and that the
hundreds of other small favors
which every Congressman must
seek for his constituents are sur
prisingly difficult to accomplish.
Most important of all, the
White House will have total con-
troll over the dispensation of
whatever funds may be applied
by the National Committee to the
congressional campaigns. This is
an old and effective device and
the Kennedy tacticians can be ex-
pected to make the most of it.
The focal point of the entire
session will inevitably be the No
vember elections and this is not
at the moment a cheering pros
pect for the administration. The
balanced budget and the elimina-
ton of most of the red flag party
issues are calculated to diminish
the threat of the losses which are
traditional to a new adminiStra-
ton in the mid-term elections.
But the facts of redistricting, the
preliminary surveys in the mar
ginal districts. and the portents
of the looming Senate contests
show little prospect that the ira
dition of losses, reversed impress
Sively by Franklin Roosevelt in
1884, will not prevail against Mr..
Kennedy.
These elections, more than any
battle likely to emerge in the
legislative chambers. form the
real domestic challenge for the
Kennedy administration in 1862.
Evening star., 1961-12-17
Conodion|
As Election Factors

peal to refugees from behind the
Iron Curtain.
Other factors in the situation,
not so favorable to the Tories,
are that it takes five years to be-
come a Canadian citizen, and the
administration has restricted
rather than expanded immigra-
ton. Thus none of those who en-
tered Canada since the Conserva-
tives took office will be able to
vote, while those who came here
during the Liberal regime, when
the immigration bars were lower,
might logically vote Liberal.
Militant Anti-Communism
But the Prime Minister recog-
nized that the dominant charac-
teristic of the political thinking
of the many thousands of new
Canadians from behind the Iron
Curtain is militant anti-Com-
munism. Compared with average
Canadian attitudes it is almost
fanaticiSm. These are the voters
Mr.. Diefenbaker has set out to
WOO and win with his batting of
Comrade Khrushchev at the q. N.
and his promise to espouse the
cause of Iron Curtain freedom by
U. N. resolution.
1t was just such fervent words
that he addressed last week to
some 80 editors Of foreign Ian
guage newspapers spending two
days in Ottawa at public expense
for conference" with the I'M
migration Department. Given $12
a day on top of their expenses,
they were received by the chief
of state, Gov. Gen. Georges Va
nier, and they were entertained
by the Conservative Party.
More than any Of his predeces-
sors, Mr.. Diefenbaker has recog-
nized ethnic origins in his ap-
pointments and preferments. He
appointed the first Ukrainian to
cabinet rank, the first Ukrainian
to the Senate, and is expected to
appoint an Italian-Canadian to
the Senate before the election.
While the Prime Minister ap-
peals for new Canadia,l votes on
high plane, lesser Conservative
politicians are onducting a
smear-Pearson campaign.
Evening star., 1961-12-17
Wartime Adventures Of a Human Torpedo

the bilge keel. 1t was beyond his
strength. He left the warhead on
the shallow harbor bottom below
the Valiant.
At the surface, he ripped off
his oxygen mask and inhaled the
pure air. A sailor spotted him.
The harbor came alive with
searchlights. A machine gun
opened up. De la Penne whirled,
swan under the Valiant's bow,
and climbed aboard a mooring
buoy. There was Bianchi.
He had been overcome under
water. Not wanting to interrupt
the operation. Bianchi had hidden
behind the buoy.
Soon a searchlight picked them
up. A launch came up and they
were pulled aboard.
On board the Valiant, Capt.
Charles Morgan told an interpreter
to explain that if the frogmen did
not tell where their charge was,
they would be locked in the deep
est compartments in the hold.
There, they would be involved in
anything that happened to the
ship.
Take them below" Morgan
stormed. Sailors separated De la
Penne and Bianchi and locked them
up. Aching with cold, De la Penne
knew he was over the very spot
where he had planted the charge.
He could save himself by telling
Capt. Morgan where it was. But
if he did, the mission would fail.
Frontie Search for Fuse
On deck, there was a frantic
attempt to find and dislodge the
charge. Sailors passed a line un-
der the ships keel. They swept
her from stem to stern. The deadly
warhead, lying undetected in the
sea floor, stayed in position.
De la Penne glanced at his
waterproof watch. Ten minutes be-
fore the charge was to explode, he
hammered on the floor. In few
minutes, he was before Capt.
Morgan.
"The Valiant will be blown up
inside 10 minutes" the italian
officer said, hoping the captain
would order the ship abandoned
and take him along.
Morgan asked him again where
the warhead was. No answer. Very
well, back De Ia Penne went to
the bottom of the doomed battle
wagon.
Why didn't Morgan move the
ship. Apparently he figured De la
Penne had followed the book and
attached his charge to the hull,
thus making movement futile.
It seemed like an eternity be-
fore the blast came. At first, there
was a gentle shudder. Then a
cataract Of water shot into the
air. The huge Valiant heaved, listed
to port and settled slowly in the
mud Of the British naval base.
In the hold De la Penne thought
his life was over. Lights went out.
The deck came up to crush him.
Fittings flew everywhere, and
everywhere there was the sitting
odor of smoke. But, luckily, the
door was blown open and except
for painfully wrenched knee, De
la Penne was unhurt.
On deck, he found Bianchi. He,
too, had bee.l blown free. The
frogmen went unnoticed for the
moment and they walked to the
rail.
A quarter Of a mile away, giant
explosions ripped the Queen Eliza
Evening star., 1961-12-17
sTA7EBYsTATE SURVEY
The Outlook for Federal Aid to Arts

priated in 1860 only for memo
rlals and monuments.
KENTUCKY Kentucky is one
OF the few States that provided
State money during 1960-62 for
the performing or visual arts.
$l06,0O0 was made available for
public concerts. especially for
school children, by tine Louisville
Symphony Orchestra and $50,0OO
for murals in the University of
Kentucky Medical Center.
$55.ooo in Maryland
MARYLAND-In 1860 Maryland
appropriated $4,000 for the Bal
timore Symphony Orchestra out
OF about $55,000 for cultural ac-
tivities.
MASSACHUSETTS - A State
agency has contracted with a To-
cal drama group for the produc-
ton of plays in an open-air sum-
mer theater.
NEW YORK New York estab-
lished in 1860 a State Advisory
Council on the arts to develop
ways in which the State could
encourage the fine and perform
ing arts. The New York State
Arts Council has requested $450,-
600 in State funds to aid opera,
ballet, symphony orchestras,
drama and travelling art exhibits.
NORTH CAROLINA-North
Carolina appropriated $50, 900 dur
ing 1901 for the North Carolina
Symphony Orchestra out of more
than $650,000 for artistic and cul-
tural activities. Most funds were
spent on the States museums of
history and fine arts.
RHODE ISLAND-Rhode Island
was the only State which made
more funds available for the per-
forming arts than for historical
societies or State museums. $14,-
600 was appropriated in 1860 for
free concerts for the general pub
lie and public school students,
$1,000 for free public operatic
performances, $4,000 for the
Providence Philharmonic Orches-
ira, and $500 for Irish and
Newport Music Festivals.
, VIRGINIA-$271 900 was ap-
propriated in 1860 for the State
Museum of Fine Arts including
travelling exhibits of paintings
and $4,000 for the Barter The
ater of Abingdon.
How the Money Is Used
This summary showing the dis
tribution of State funds, which
includes all those spent on music
and drama, but not all that are
devoted to museums, historical
societies. monuments, ETC., indi-
Gates that the great preponder-
ance of State money is not used
for the major performing and
visual arts. Thus is seems rea-
sonable to conclude that, if the
States are given Federal funds to
be spent at their own diScre-
ton, this pattern will be con-
tinued and the living arts will
Evening star., 1961-12-17

Penne surfaced. He was about As
feet from the No. stack.
He and Bianchi would have to
detach the warhead and drag it
into position. When he got back
down to the torpedo, Bianchi was
gone. He surfaced again. No sign,
of Bianchi. Had he passed out?
Or been discovered? On board the
battleship, all was quiet.
There was only one thing he
could do. If De la Penne wanted
to carry out the operation, he
would have to drag the quarter
ton, slightly buoyant warhead to
the battleship by himself. It would
take a super human effort. But
he had come so far. -.
He made a few inches with each
pull. The Shiny mud covered him
in a black cloud. He plunged
ahead, guided by the noise of the
ships pumps. The leak in his
suit begged him down.
HIS goggles fogged. He made the
mistake of trying to clear them.
Water rushed into his mask. He
was losing oxygen. There was only
one way to keep from drowning.
He drank the sea water inside his
mask.
He Sets the Fuse
Flashes of lightning exploded
before n His heart raced. He
ploddeG t.Ir nV After 40 minutes,
the pumps got louder. When he
stopped to rest, his head banged
against the ships hull. He was
there.
Now, he dragged the torpedo
the final few yards and set the
fuse. He did not clip the charge to
Evening star., 1961-12-17
BY DAVID ZINMAN
Associated Press Staff Writer

Take the frogmen down to the
hold" the British skipper roared.
Sailors hustled the Italian pris-
oner down into the bowels of the
battleShip Valiant moored in Alex
andria, Egypt. Locked in, 1t.
Luigi Durand de la Penne started
counting the minutes left in his
life.
He we'll knew what the British
skipper had tried desperately to
find out. De la Penne had ridden
human torpedo" into the Brit
iSh harbor and planted q time
bomb below the 32.000-ton war
ship.
At this very moment, two more
human torpedoes" glided through
the murky waters Of the naval
base toward the battleship Queen
Elizabeth-the only other Allied
battlewagon in the Mediterranean
and tanker.
It was December 10, -941 - 20
years ago Monday-the night a
half dozen brave men carried out
what was perhaps the Italians
most daring naval maneuver Of
World War II. If they succeeded,
frogmen De Ia Penne, Emile Bian-
chi, Spartaco Schergat, Antonio
Marceglia, Mario Marino and Vim
cenzo Martellotta would single
handedly tip the power scales in
the Mediterranean.
Minutes flew by. Down in the
hold, De Ia Penne knew escape
was impossible. Would he be blown
to bits? Would death come by
drowning? In the last seconds,
there was nothing to do but
wait. ...
The Alexandra Operation
On December 8, 1941, crewmen
of the submarine Scire at La Spe-
zia naval base in Northern Italy
hauled three top secret human
torpedo crafts aboard.
Actually, the name was de-
ceiving. The human torpedo was
not suicidal. And it was not, in
the true sense, a torpedo.
1t was a clumsy 21-foot craft
capable of cruising partly sub
merged with the pilots head and
shoulders out of the water, or
fully submerged. If the two-man
crew succeeded in slipping by har-
bor craft, depth charges and un-
derwater nets, they detached a
500-pound charge (Which formed
the torpedo's nose), fixed it to the
ship, and set fuse. Then, they
remounted the torpedo's remain
ing section and glided off.
Mussolini himself was in on the
planning of the Alexandria raid.
Rome intelligence had learned
the British naval base was
crammed full of ships.
On the night of December 18,
the Scire surfaced 1.3 miles north
Of the Ras-El-Tin lighthouse on
the pier west of Alexandria. Led
by De la Penne, the frogmen-
garbed like strange gnomes in
their black, air-tight rubber suits
and respiratorS - mounted their
seahorses and made the run to
Ras-El-Tin lighthouse without in
cident.
Horbor Gotes Opened
As they neared the harbor en-
trance, protected by a submarine
net, fate smiled. The lights of the
harbor gate suddenly flashed on
Evening star., 1961-12-17
Horbor Gotes Opened

AS they neared the harbor en-
trance, protected by a submarine
net. fate smiled. The lights of the
harbor gate suddenly flashed on
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1961-04-28
WATCH ON THE POTOMAC

ticularly, that nothing significant ir
the way of domestic legislation will
be enacted.
The one-vote defeats of the Ken
nedy minimum wage bill in the House
has startled many Democrats. The
Texas Senate contest, which showed
great strength for right-wingers in
both the Tower and Blakley votes,
has also had disquieting effect.
If such results come with new
Administration in office less than
three months, what will happen by
summer?
There is no doubt that at the top
level in the Kennedy Administration
the sentiments are overwhelmingly
integrationist.
But rather than risk an about war
on this issue, and possible defeat, the
President apparently hopes to out
flank the segregationists. The STRAIT
egy, aside from executive orders in
housing, government employment,
etc., is to make Negroes so acceptable
in the eyes of white voters that their
equality will be taken for granted.
Thus we have: Andred Hatcher as
assistant White House press secre-
tary, Carl Rowan as, a State Dept.
official, Louis Martin as top man
in the Peace Corps, and, of course,
Robert G. Weaver as director of the
Housing and Home Finance Agency.
This is the way the Administrator
has chosen to fight. They see it as
practical politics. The real test on
how well it works is yet to come, but
there is no denying that progress
toward equal rights is being made.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1961-04-28
Mansfield, Mefeof
Hit Army Engineers
For Evasion of Law

WASHINGTON, D. C.-(NFU)-
Three Senators have appealed to
President Kennedy to force the Army
Corp of Engineers to follow the law
which gives upstream water users
first call before taking water down
stream for navigation.
ga very critical water supply is
developing the alarmed Senators
wrote the President, adding that the
great dams on the upper Missouri
River have never been filled and that
this years snow pack is very low.
They then accused the Army Engi-
neers Of substituting their own opin-
ions for the law in going ahead with
navigation projects below the upper
basin.
The letter was signed by Senators
Mike Mansfield (D-Mont.), Lee Met
calf (D-Mont.) and Quentin Burdick
(D-N.D).
They pointed out that the Secre-
tary of Interior has no power over
the Engineers, necessitating an APP
peal directly to the President, and
charged the Engineers with refusal
to obey the clear meaning of the
O'Mahoney-Milliken amendments to
the Flood Control Act of 1914, which
established upper basin priority.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1961-04-28
Factory Worker S25 A Week
Short Of Meeting
Reasonable Living Standard

WASHINGTON, d. c. (AFL-
CIO) - Despite all the big business
propaganda about American wages
being too high, the average factory
workers wages are at least $25 a
week short of meeting the common
ly accepted standard of living.
This is the conclusion reached on
the basis of the 1860 Heller Budget,
Press Associates, Inc. reports. The
budget is worked up each year by the
Heller Committee at the University
of California for wage earners in the
San Francisco Bay area. 1t is budget
laying down ''the cost of maintaining
the commonly accepted standards of
living that public opinion cur
rently recognizes as necessary to
health and reasonably comfortable
living.
1t deals with the San Francisco Bay
area where expenses run about per
cent higher than the rest of the coun-
try. Taking that into account, the
average countrywide shortage for
factory production worker runs to
1892 a week. The Heller budget |
for 1860 reports that a wage worker
who supports wife and two children
and rents his home needs $6,488.27 /
/ year, or $124.65 a week, to meet
he commonly accepted standard of
living.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1961-04-28
How can a farm afford
the special services it needs?

Farming :. +. like any other industry
needs the eficiencies and economies of
specialized departments.
The farm business needs sales de-
partment and purchasing department
someone to counsel on insurance
and credit and many more depart
ments to work out important problems.
II it weren't for cooperatives, most
farmers couldn't afford these special
lied services. Purchasing cooperatives
supply materials and products of high
est quality at lowest possible cost. Mar
keting cooperatives help improve tho
quality of produce and sell it at the
most favorable prices. Mutual iilsur-
ance companies provide protection at
lowest cost. Credit associations lend
money for farm operations.
These cooperatives make farming
more business-like and more profitable.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1961-04-28
LoophoIes Cause
High Taxes, U. S.
Revenue Chief Says

WASHINGTON, D. C.-(CNS)-
If all income were taxed equally, ia,
rates might be reduced as much as
a third, the nations number one tax
collector said March 80.
Internal Revenue Commissioner
Mortimer Caplin said tax rates are
too high because tax laws are 'srid-
died with exceptions and privileges.
Wages and income from farms, rental
property, and small businesses are
taxed more heavily, he said, than in
corporate stocks, and profits made
by buying and selling stocks and
other property.
Caplin said he saw nothing wrong
with so-called double taxation of
corporate profits. It's like, the man
who makes $1,000 week and whose
wife hires maid at $10O week, he
said "The man pays taxes, pays the
maid out of taxed income and she
in turn pays taxes"
If the u. S. needs oil. and oil pro-
ducers won't look for it, Caplin said
they should be subsidized directly
instead of letting them deduct 271a
per cent of their gross income from
their net income before figuring their
income tax.
Two days earlier Caplin announced
an Internal Revenue Service survey
that shows much income from interest |
and dividends still escaping taxation.
The WALL STREET JOURNAL said |
President Kennedy will soon ask Con-
gress to require corporations to with
lend payment, just as they now with
hold part of each workers wages.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1961-04-28
| BY ROBERT G. SP
THE CIVIL RIGHTS DILEMMA

One nagging issue still contributes
to liberal doubts about President
Kennedy's Administration. 1t is the
question of civil rights and what to
do about it.
The issue has been with us a long
time. No one believes it will disappear
overnight, no matter how many laws
are passed or how many times the
Supreme Court re-states the law. But
the argument between the Admins
tration and some leaders of Ameri-
cans for Democratic Action, for ex-
ample. is whether new legislation will
hasten the desired end of full rights
for all Americans.
Spokesman for the Administration
are opposed to a big civil rights battle
this year. They insist that much more
can be accomplished by executive
action. On the other hand, the equal
rights proponents maintain that CIV
ing ground on this issue now will in
evitably mean giving ground on other
parts of the Democrats domestic
program. They also say new laws are
needed to strengthen the Justice De-
partment in its attempts to protect
voting rights.
Before passions are too aroused, it
seems to me that both questions ought
to be examined with a view to their
possible consequences.
Stripped of technicalities what the
civil rights proponents want is legis-
lation which will provide stern pen
alties (for violators of the desegregra-
ton decisions and similar invasions
of indicidual rights) to deter such
violations.
There is a wide feeling that in
Mississippi or Georgia or other states
the law-breakers scott at the claw
of the land" because they know they
can continue with impunity to deny
Negroes their rights. But if they faced
stiff fines, or possible Imprisonment,
they might think twice.
A corollary argument for enacting
new laws is that proponents believe
they are holding the dixie against a
flood of urn-back-the-clock legisla-
ton in other areas. If Kennedy can
win on civil rights, they argue, then
it will be easier to win the minimum
wage fight lit also involves Negroes
and their pay scale) and enact other
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1961-04-28
THE EFFECTS OF
EXECUTIVE ACTION

Against these arguments, which
the White House keeps constantly re-
examining, what happens if the Adj
ministration "arouses" the segrega-
tionists? To some strategists it means
such about warfare within Demo-
cratic party ranks, in the Senate par
Evening star., 1961-09-25
MARYLAND
BY MERRELL WHITTLESEY
star staff Writer

Maryland set one record for
a Tom Nugent coached team
fewest passes ever thrown
but it was part of the plan
after the Terps took a l4-0
lead at nine minutes of the
second quarter and then played
it close to the vest in Saturday
nights 14-6 victory over South
ern Methodist at Dallas.
1t was a sound opening-game
victory. Some teams probably
are going to beat the Mustangs
by more than a touchdown, but
Maryland has more than it
showed Saturday night in the
Cotton Bowl. And, the Terps
beat a better team than they
thought they were going to
play.
After Richie Novak'S 18-yard
touchdown pass to Jim David
son, the Terps virtually put the
clamps on the passing game
II told them no more flares.
no k-ins, no swing passes,
nothing that SMU could pick
off and go all the way" Nugent
said. After moments pause,
he said: But they could have
thrown just a few more. and
L wouldn't have been mad"
The Terps did not take full
advantage Of SINUS double and
iple-teaming Of Gary Collins.
The Mustangs played a man on
Collins nose, another picked
him up the minute he crossed
Evening star., 1961-09-25
NAVY
Loss Fails to Dismoy Hardin

should present no immediate
problems when the Middies
make their home debut Sat-
urday. But there are changes
that have to be made for the
toughies IN the future and
Hardin is prepared to make
them. They include:
No. 1-Quarterback. Hardin
says he's going to pick one man,
probably Ron Klemick, and
stick with him. He alternated
three Saturday and, after the
first quarter, none stayed in
combat long enough to get the
feel" of the game. Four in
Perceptions provide the tipoff.
No. 2-Offense. Navy marched
so yards the first time it had
the ball, mostly on off-tackle
cracks, then was checked fairly
we'll (only nine yards rushing
in the second half thereafter.
Penn State closed the gap in
its line by moving over a line
backer, but Hardin noted those
four interceptions (three on
first-down plays and figured
Navy helped stop itself. Hardin
figures the passing G0-for-29)
should get better. I'VE know
we've got kids who can throw"
he said.
No. 3-Defense. Although