davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-03-14
The Real Conflict

The report of Senator Jackson's
study group will give another push, we
hope, to the move which has been slowly
gathering momentum for a thorough
overhaul Of our antiquated confiict-of-
interest laws.
The Washington Democrat, pointing
to the crying need for outstanding talent
IN Government, says that nevertheless
we often make it unnecessarily hard
for private citizens to undertake Govern
mcnt responsibilities"
This is understatement. In many
cases these laws make it virtually i'm
possible for man in private life to
come into the Government-impo
that is, unless he is willing to impoverish
himself and his family or unless he is
independently wealthy enough to make
the financial sacrifices so unreasonably
required by the confiict-of- interest
statutes.
With Government as complex as it
is and growing more so, the real conflict
OF interest often is not between the
obligations Of a potential Government
employe and his private interests. The
real conflict will be found within the
Government itself-between the Govern
ment'S need for the services of COM
petent men and existing laws enacted
many years ago, even in the preceding
century, when the job of running the
Government bore little or no relation
to the facts Of life today
Certainly it should be possible to
overhaul these outdated laws in such
way as to safeguard legitimate Govern
.ment interests without, at the same time,
making 1t impossible for many needed
men to serve the Government. This
is what the Jackson group is advocating.
And this is what President Kennedy
himself has advocated. The job is one
which can be done, and there ought not
to be any more backing and filling in
getting 1t done.
Evening star., 1961-03-14
The Meriwether Case

The size and division Of the Senate
vote confirming the appointment of
Charles M. Meriwether of Alabama as
a director of the Export-Import Bank
show that solid majority on both
sides Of the party aisle are satisfied with
the nominees qualifications for the post.
In the 67-to-18 count, the dissenting
minority was made up Of ten Repub-
licans and eight Democrats with the
leadership of this opposition resting pri-
narily in the hands of Senators Javits
Of New York and Morse Of Oregon,
identified as liberal spokesrnen of the
two party blocs.
Rath Mr.. Javits and Mr.. Morse .exr
Evening star., 1961-03-14

She may be an expert on
investments with which I
take no issue) but she GER
tainly is very badly informed
on the facts Of every day life
in Hong Kong.
I lived in Hong Kong for
two years, having returned
in September, 1860. First,
Hong Kong is not astride
the mouth Of the Canton
River-it is IS miles west
of Macao which is at the
mouth Of the Canton River
"a three hour ferry ride
from Hong Kong. Second,
and more important, hun
dreds Of American tourists,
as well as residents Of Hong
Kong, travel to Macao every
week g ferries daily and
I am sure no one ever heard
the alleged admonition Pover
the loudspeaker Of the Macao
Ferry, please throw your
dope or dead bodies over
board" As for crime and
intrigue, my sub-teen and
teen-age children went freely
to and from school Ton the
harbor ferry, to athletic
events, shopping and the
movies, night and day, alone
and unescorted, without any
fear on my part or theirs:
as did all other children Of
Europeans and Americans in
Hong Kong. I'm sorry I can
not say the same thing for
equal size American cities,
especially after dark. In
trigue yes, but crime-violent
crime as portrayed by Sylvia
Porter and also the TV show
Hong Kong" no. It is
against the law to have a
gun in ones possession in
Hong Kong without a permit
and it is very rigidly en-
forced. The Hong Kong
police are acknowledged as
one Of the smartest, most
efficient police forces in the
world.
w. l.. NicOdemuS,
Evening star., 1961-03-14
LeooIized Lottery

While the financial ex-
perts continue to wall about
the "lack of funds" for the
school programs, housing. or
space research, a ready-made
source Of IS billion annually
Ia low estimate) sits idly by,
waiting--and waiting.
Well over 40 countries have
tapped this same source to
finance Red Cross programs,
housing and other problems,
and In the process have cut
down criminal elements.
Although this source is well
known, foolproof, and honest.
the USA never takes 1t seri-
ously. Why? Why is a ma
tional lottery such an indeli-
cate subject? What is wrong
with q move that would de-
prive organized crime of its
greatest source of income by
all counts-illegal gambling?
Do not these criminals only
corrupt and degrade our So
cial body with this illegal
loot?
The only serious objection
to a lottery, lie. the immor-
atty Of gambling, proves
flimSy when tested. Is not
any new business a gamble?
Do not churches sponsor bin
go games and lotteries?
Gambling Is immoral to the
same extent that whiskey Is
immoral. And q generation
that almost drowned in boot
leg booze proved the moral
ity" Of prohibition.
Finally, If we do not have
enough imagination to at
least try the lottery idea, let
us be consistent. For while
the Government feverishly
looks for various and sundry
schemes to restrict the flow
Of dollars abroad, many,
many millions Of our dollars
annually fill the Golfers of
the Irish Sweepstakes, the
Mexican National lottery,
and others.
Robert L. TrbOvich.
Evening star., 1961-03-14
Indians Not Forsoken

cial assistance. In all, more
than 100000 was expended
last year for assistance to
Indians on the reservation.
In addition. surplus food
commodities. made available
through the Department of
Agriculture, were distributed
on the reservation in sub
stantial quantities. Over ITO
head of elk were also pro-
vided for the Northern Chey-
enne Indians during Febru-
ary through the National
Park Service.
I do not suggest that no
unmet needs exist on the
Northern Cheyenne Reserva-
ton. This is not the case in
any community. There is
poverty on the reservation,
living standards are low and
the problems are complex
since the attitudes of people
are involved. We welcome
and appreciate the efforts of
the st. Labre Mission and
other religious organizations
to help the Indian people.
There is need for all our ef-
forts. I do wish to make it
clear, however, that the Bu-
reau Of Indian Affairs recog-
nizes its responsibilities and
Is making every effort, within
the limits Of its resources. to
cope with the needs Of IN
dianS on reservations.
John o. Crow,
Commissioner, Bureau of In
dian Affairs, Interior De-
partment.
Evening star., 1961-03-14
Conqo and Federation

After nearly week of debate and
deliberation on the island Of Madagascar
(the fiedgling Malagasy Republic), 1S
Of the Congo's top leaders have decided
to put an end to their ill-starred efforts
to bring their vast land under the con-
troll Of single, centralized government.
Instead, they have agreed to establish
confederation of states pledged to
work as unit in international affairs
and to cooperate in promoting internal
progress.
This is a decision that recognizes
a basic reality--namely, that the So
called Congo Republic, with its popula-
ton Of IA million, is made up Of scores
Of unSchooled, primitive and mutually
hostile tribes who know little or nothing
about democratic self-rule and who
actually have no sense Of nationhood or
national unity. That is one reason why
this key part of Africa has been in tur-
moil and torment ever since acquiring
independence" from Belgium last June
80. That is why, too, that secessionist
provinces like South KaSai and rich
Katanga have declined from the start to
erase their identities by merging them
into unified political system governed
by strong central regime in Leopold
vile.
President TShombe Of Katanga
deserves much Of the credit for the
agreement on confederation. Under
this system, the several provinces Of
the Congo will govern themselves pretty
much as they see At, in keeping with
the needs and tribal conditions peculiar
to each Of them. At the same time,
however, they will recognize Leopold
vile as the considerations capital, and
the Kasavubu government-which has
already been recognized by the United
Nations-apparently will be the chief
spokesman on matters of foreign
policy and as regards cooperative pro-
jectS designed to promote domestic
economic, political and social progress.
There Is a great deal Of promise
and common sense in all Of this.
= Certainly, II given a chance, the con-
federation might well be able to better
living conditions in the Congo and
war; danger that could lead to
supremely perilous armed Intervention,
with Russia on one side and our own
country on the other. The fact is, Of
course, that the Kremlin has already
intervened in potentially explosive
way. 1t has done so by backing Antoine
Gizenga, the Communist-trainedf fanatic,
with both weapons and speeches, and by
demanding that his regime be recognized
as the Congo'S only Legitimate"
governing authority.
This, 1t would seem, is to continue
to be the Kremlin's line At any rate,
with characteristic mayhem to the
truth, Pravda, the chief organ Of the
Soviet Communist Party, has assailed
the projected CongoleSe federation as
capitalistic evil cooked up by "the
imperialists and their stooges" In its
own way, almost needless to say, this
comment speaks volumes in favor Of the
decision reached on Madagascar.
Evening star., 1961-03-14
Legal Problem of u. N. Forces in Congo

his letter to Secretary Cen
eral Hammarskjold proposed
an all-African command for
all U. N. forces In the Congo.
In his speech at the q. N. As
sembly on March Z, while
deviating somewhat from his
earlier statement, Nkrumah
still showed clearly enough
that his design is to have
a small number Of African
states dominate all action to
be taken in the Congo under
the name of the U. N. and
presumably at U. N. expense.
The command Of the q. N.
force in the Congo should,
he recommends, be primarily
African. Perhaps this really
means "predominantly Afri-
can" at all times. Nkrumah
does not mean to say that
the African nations control
should be merely q transi-
tory step. .t
Nkrumah also advocates
the temporary withdrawal Of
all foreign diplomatic mis-
sions Ito give the U. N. COM
mand a fair chance to elimi-
nate the cold war from the
Congo" But this suggestion
is an attempt to exclude
most nations OF the world
from any official opportunity
to identify and peaceably to
protect through diplomatic
proceedings, any Of their in
terests in the Congo. 1t also
would exclude most nations
of the world from obtaining
any information from their
own official agencies as to
the changing conditions in
the Congo region.
Such a plan obviously dis
regards the traditional prin-
ciple Of the equality Of
states" in International law
and practice.
But Nkrumah intends and
hopes to use the prestige Of
the U. N. derived from its
universal ideals for the ma
tionalistic and sectarian pur-
poses of a few self-chosen
African states. This objective
appears clearly enough from
his own statements, If we
make. a comprehensive sum-
mary Of them.
Thus arises q very in
teresting question as to
whether such aggressive en-
Evening star., 1961-03-14

Recent press dispatches
have made it plain that the
issues with regard to both
the discretionary policy and
the basic legality Of the ac-
ton Of the United Nations In
the Congo turmoil depend
largely upon the distinction
between intervention" on
the one Band, and on the
other hand special U. N. ac-
ton which the U. N. is
uniquely and constitutionally
empowered to take.
Intervention" in the sense
usually employed by writer's
on international law is forci-
BILE intrusive action including
military action or the effec-
tive threat thereof by one
nation or by a limited group
of nations in the internal
affairs Of another independ-
ent nation. The authorized
action Of the U. N. in such q
situation, although it includes
full scale military action, is
fundamentally that Of a po-
lice agency for the mainte-
nance and defense Of the
general collective peace and
security of all nations. Such
U. N. military action must
logically be judged to be
something outside Of the es-
tablished international law
category Of intervention"
The traditional opposition
Of international law to "in-
tervention" became strongly
developed throughout the
long period during which the
various sovereign states Of
the world were by common
consent held to be entitled to
the largest possible measure
of separate national inde-
pendence. But the same
principles apply today un-
der the regime of the U. N. to
any attempt by any one
state or any limited group
of states to capture control
of another independent
state.
I believe that we can find
just at this point the funda-
mental ground Of the objec-
tions to the recent proposals
of President Nkrumah Of
Ghana for the solution and
correction Of the chaotic con-
ditions in the Congo region.
At one stage NkruWkA in
Evening star., 1961-03-14

A recent letter headlined
plight Of Indians" on your
editorial page inquired what
is our Indian commission
(sic) doing?" We In the Inte-
rior Departments Bureau of
Indian Affairs appreciate this
opportunity to explain.
The inquiry, showing obvi-
GUS heartfelt concern, appar-
emily stemmed from the re-
ceipt Of a donation soliciting
letter circulated by the st.
Labre Mission on the North
.ern Cheyenne Reservation in
Montana. The reservations
population totals approx
mately 1000 American In
dians. The missions priests
and nuns operate a parochial
school which is a valuable
service to their parishioners.
It's major support comes
from donors who respond to
the widely circulated solicit
tation. Federal schools and
public schools partially sub
sidized with Federal funds
are available for, Indian chill
dren living on the reserva-
tion. Scholarship grants for
advanced education are also
available. The Bureau Of In
dian Affairs spends approxi-
mately $315,000 annually for
the education program on
the Northern Cheyenne Res
ervation, and. more than $55
million annually for educa-
ton on all reservations. It is,
of course, the privilege Of par
ents to send their children to
a parochial school If they
wish to do so.
Indians on and off reserva-
tions receive public assist
ance under the Social Sc
curity Act (old age assist
ance, aid to the blind, aid to
dependent children and aid
to the permanently and to-
tally disabledD. on the same
basis as non-Indians in SINH
lar circumstances. For In
dians on the Northern Chey-
enne Reservation who are
not eligible for the above
programs, the Bureau Of In
dian Affetrs provides q spe-
Evening star., 1961-03-14
Laboratory Animals

On February 10, an article
in The Star quoted DR..
Wayne Riser on animal re-
search, particularly on the
need for same, and cited the
interference" from some
"ill-informed humane soci-
eties." DR.. Riser was quoted:
by our very nature that
brings us to this work we are
respectful Of life" Presum-
ably, the work he referred to
was animal research.
Neither pretty speeches nor
self-righteous declarations Of
parties in this animal re-
search business will convince
the writer-or hundreds Of
thousands Of other humani-
tarians in this country-that
animal research as conducted
in the United States today is
anything but a needless trag-
edy and national disgrace.
If anyone would care to have
documented proof Of the
needless suffering and out
rageous cruelties that are per-
petrated on helpless animals
today, they may contact the
writer.
Every time a humane So
ciety attacks the activities
of people in animal research,
these people base their de-
fense on their claim that
vivisection Is necessary and
desirable. The basic question
at issue is not whether or not
vivisection is necessary but
whether outrageous cruelty
and repetitive experiment is
necessary. If Congress wants
to save some money for the
people of the United States,
they should look into the
kinds of experiments per-
formed on animals under
horrible conditions, all seek
ing the same answer, many
done a thousand times be-
forel
The humane societies mean
business and unless this need
less and shocking cruelty is
checked, there will not only
be an uprising against such
barbarism but against what
may be legitimate medical
experimentation.
Edward M. BOStick,
Director and Treasurer.
Humane Society Of the
United States
Evening star., 1961-03-14

ployment OF the U. N. ma.
chinery and the U. N. funds
primarily for the benefit of
a limited number Of nations
in Africa should be regarded
as intervention" in the
sense Of special nationalistic
Intervention not withstand
ing the use Of external forms
of U. N. action.
I believe that the true an
swer to this question would
be that such course of action
would be a perversion Of the
U. N. functions. It would be
unconstitutional action" on
the part of the U. N. itself,
not legally attributable to
the U. N. in a strict sense;
and thus such action would
really be a form Of national
istic intervention" in the
affairs of an independent
state by a limited number of
aggressive states.
The U. N. Is authorized to
act with military force only
in the defense or promotion
Of the general peace and the
worldwide collective security.
Nkrumah really gave away
his case when he said with
his characteristic emphasis
upon the fractional interests
of certain states upon the
African continent (Which, in
cidentally, he seems reluctant
to name):
What is at stake is Afri-
can unity, peace and security,
and not the ambitions or in
terests or rights or legalities
of the great powers.
Nkrumah fails to see that
such action without any re-
gard to the legitimate Inter
ests, rights and 'legalities" of
a great many members Of the
U. N. would be outside any
Of the true functions of the
U. N. 1t would seem to fall
within the category of OBJ
noxious nationalistic "inter-
vention," which has acquired
such an unfavorable reputa-
ton throughout the world.
The true distinction here is
one of reality, Of the legal
substance OF the matter, and
not a distinction as to super
ficial appearances.
Charles S. Collier,
Professor Of Law,
George Washington Uni
vHrsity.
Evening star., 1961-03-14
THE POLITICAL MILL
Nixon Leaves the Door Open
By GOULD LINCOLN

His defeat for the Senate in
1858 will not help him. But
II the party really got behind
him, he might do well. May
or Christopher has still to
prove popularity in the whole
State.
Senator Thomas H. Kuchel,
Republican, comes up for re-
election next year. He wants
to be reelected, and he
does not desire to run for
Governor. So that seems to
be that, although it was once
suggested that he switch and
run for Governor and permit
Mr.. Nixon to run for his old
job as Senator. Both men
Indignantly denied there was
any such deal in prospect.
There are too many sad
memories Of switches Of can
didates for office three years
ago.
Staying Active In Politics
Mr.. Nixon is joining a law
firm in Los Angeles, it is an
nounced, but with an under
standing he will give consid-
cradle time to politics-cam-
paigning for the election of
Republican candidates in
California and in other
States. and that he will do
as much as he can to build
up and strengthen the ma
tional party. He has not in
any way taken himself out
Of a race for the G. o. P.
presidential nomination in
1864. Much will depend, so
far as Mr.. Nixon's political
plans are concerned, on what
happens during the next
three years. He might be con-
vinced that his party really
needs him to run for Gov
ernor next year, or that it
needs him to run for Presi-
dent in 1864. Or he might
be convinced that Pat Brown
is unbeatable by the G. o. P.
in 1862 and that President
Kennedy is a sure winner for
reelection two years later.
In the latter case, Mr.. Nixon
might prefer to have Gov.
Rockefeller of New York,
Senator Barry Goldwater Of
Arizona or some other so far
undiscovered candidate take
on Mr.. Kennedy-and wait
himself until 1868.
Some important Republi-
can leaders have said that
Mr.. Nixon, If he wishes to
keep himself alive politically,
must run for Governor and
win next year. OF course,
should he run for Governor
and lose, his goose would be
cooked. Mr.. Nixon obviously
considers himself the titular
leader Of his party, and he
may be able to keep himself
very much alive as, for ex-
ample, Adlai Stevenson did
between his defeat for Pres
ident in 1852 and his second
presidential nomination in
1855. Former Gov. Thomas E.
Dewey Of New York lost the
presidential race to the late
President Franklin D. Roose-
velt in 1914, won reelection
as Governor In 1946 and was
again nominated for Presi-
dent in 1948. Mr.. Dewey's
position, Of course, was not
on all fours with that Of Mr..
Nixon today. Mr.. Dewey, fol-
lowing his second defeat for
the White House, strongly
supported Gen. Dwight D.
Eisenhower for the G. o. P.
nomination in 1852, and
since then has been engaged
In a lucrative law business.
He Is not. he insists, going
back into the political ring
or into high public office.
Mr.. Nixon, his friends in
sist, has an intense feeling
for public service and for
politics. They do not expect
ne will give up easily-nor
for the purpose of making
money. 1t is reported that
the former Vice President had
many tempting offers from
business organizations that
would have paid him much
but preferred to go back to
Golifnn.nnia aud LAM
Evening star., 1961-03-14
TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDriters' correct
names and addresses. All let
ters are subject to condensG-
tion. Those not used trtu be
returned only Uhen accom-
panied BY self . addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1961-03-14
Answers to Questions
BY THE HASKINS SERVICE

@. Why is the anniver-
sary Of a persons birth called
his birthday?-T. T.
A. Originally, in Eng
land. the word birthday
meant only the day on which
a person was born. BY the
l4th century, however, it
had become customary to
use the word for the ami
versary of the day Of birth.
and this custom has con-
tinued.
Evening star., 1961-03-14
Knows Honq Kono

In her column entitled
Rush on to Hong Kong"
Sylvia Porter grossly mis-
represented the facts Of law
and order in the British
Crown Colony Of Hong Kong.