davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-05-17
Good Time for Inquiry

Lie sOeClSlOu OF IIlc SeCurlCleS ana
Exchange Commission to make a study
Of rules and practices Of the American
Stock Exchange is not Of itself an indi-
cation Of widespread wrongdoing or even
Of need for corrective action.
It has been prompted, however, by
one case of malpractice in which the
commission found in the course Of a
year-long examination multiple viola
tions" Of commission and exchange rules
alike. In that inquiry, the commission
found that a father-Son team Of Ameri-
can Exchange members, Gerard A. Re
and Gerard F. Re, had made unlawful
distribution Of stocks in which they
acted as specialists, had manipulated
prices through dummy accounts, had
controlled the flow of shares into the
market and had created a misleading
appearance of trading activity. The
Res, suspended from the exchange when
the inquiry began, have now been ex-
PEELED by s. E. C. order and their regis
tration as brokers and dealers has been
revoked.
The fact that the Re violations, In
volving multimillion-dolla transactions,
took place over period from 1854 to
1860 has moved an S. E. C. spokesman to
ask how 1t was possible "for a thing
like that to happen and what should be
done, If anything, to prevent it from
happening again." In this connection,
the exchange itself has frightened some
Of its own rules on specialists opera
tions and has promised full cooperation
in the commissions inquiry. It seems
likely, however, that recommendations
Of further action will be made by the
S. E. c., with possibility that there may
be q request for legislation imposing
str1cter controls on trading in securities.
The commission study has been
described as the most extensive under
taken in trading practices since the
inquiry into the New York Stock Ex-
change (the Big Board) led to the con-
viction in 1888 Of Richard Whitney,
NYSE president, on charges Of embez-
element. Since then, this biggest of ex-
changes has been reorganized and
operates under rules and regulations
generally sitter than those of the Ameri-
can Exchange, and considered effective
in protecting the interests of the invest
ing public. Coincidentally, though not
necessarily related, the pending inquiry
comes at time when trading on the
American Exchange has mounted to
record levels, with frequent wide fluctu-
ations in prices.
There Is no question, Of course, about
the Importance of securities markets In
our financial system. The corollary to
this Importance is the need that these
markets, and the privileged members Of
the exchanges, be above suspicion. One
leading member put the need in these
terms: 'The more carefully the Street
[Wall Street. is supervised, both by itself
and others, the better Off we are" The
same thing applies to its customers.
Evening star., 1961-05-17

poCneClcal pnyOCcnrOme was
found chiefly in the stem
section first springing up
from the seed, and in the
first developing leaf folded
sheathlike around its stem.
Knowing where the phyto-
chrome was and how much
Of it to expect at best, the
chemical research team ap-
piled fractioning processes to
the corn plant tissues.
These. to date, says the re-
port. "have yielded an ex-
tract in a test tube that is
phytochrome much more
concentrated than in any
plant and its identity proved
by its reactions to a pigment
detecting instrument. It, how
ever, Is only partly purified.
It contains some other plant
proteins.
Isolation Sought
Total isolation now is be-
ing tried for. It may be q
time-consuming, arduouS
task. Yet such isolation is an
essential step II research SCI
entists are to identify the
elements and structure Of the
chemical molecule that is so
vital a part Of plant organ
ism. Only when this informa-
ton is available can they
make solid progress in learn
ing the way in which plants
get or make their phyto-
chrome and the way in which
phytochrome's elements serve
in engine reactions. such as
the fat utilization that gov
erns termination in some
seeds and the coloration pro-
cesses in vegetables and
fruits.
, "Phytochrome in test tubes
reacts as a soluble protein.
Apparently a shift Of its
molecules under the influ-
ence Of red light enables the
protein to function as an
active enZyme-a chemical
that initiates and promotes
life processes without enter
ing into them-and this en-
lyme is the triggering agent
that actually launches q
growth change.
"Phytochrome is found to
be remarkably durable and
resistant to cold. Even at
10 c. it retains a tenth Of
its effectiveness. Cold as ex-
treme as -180 has put 1t out
Of commission but warming
restores it. It stands nine
months storage at lis c."
Evening star., 1961-05-17
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Pioment Controls Plant Growth
By THOMAS r. HEINZ

A light-sensitive blue pig
ment in all plants which acts
as q master valve" for
growth, Towering and seed
formation has just been iso-
lated in almost pure form by
Department of Agriculture
chemists.
This pigment, phyto-
chrome, apparently Is one OF
the most important sub
stances in all nature. It may
rank only second to the
green pigment chlorophyll.
which enables a plant to har-
ness the energy Of sunlight
for growth and upon which,
at least indirectly, all life on
earth depends.
The newly isolated phyto-
chrome constitutes less than
q millionth of the substance
Of any plant. the chemists
have found. It gives no tinge
Of blue to a growing plants
coloring. But. says an Agri-
cultural Research Service re-
port, 'itS stop-go signals
direct a plants progress from
one day to the next as If q
master-valve were opening"
It Is what controls the
phenomenon Of photoperiod-
ism. a plants reactions to
light and darkness, which
varies for each species. 1T is
q principle so broad" says
the report, that without it
plant and animal life as we
know it could not exist"
Sensitive to Red Light
Major factor about phyto-
chrome is its extreme senSi-
tivity in the minutest con-
ceivable amounts to red light,
and the differences in this
sensitivity for different wave
lengths Of this light through
the visible to the invisible in
frared. Its presence had been
suspected, on theoretical
grounds, in the past, but To-
eating and extracting it
proved extremely difficult.
It finally was obtained
from ground-up tissue Of
six-day-old corn plants grown
in the dark, which had no
opportunity to develop any
chlorophyll to complicate the
product. Such plants, 1t was
found, could live that long
without chlorophyll, subsist-
ing on leftover food in their
seeds.
Spectroscopic tests revealed
to the chemists that the hy-
Evening star., 1961-05-17

OF IA nations are just begln-
ming the conference on Laos
which, it is hoped, will result
in an effective naturalization
of that country. If a meet
ing of President Kennedy and
Premier Khrushchev is con-
firmed, it is a very safe bet
that the news will virtually
paralyze the work Of the Laos
conference for the next two
weeks. Nothing Of any sub
stance can be expected to
happen before the meeting
takes place. And If 1t should
go badly, the ch a noes OF
arriving at any reasonable
settlement here will be very
dim, indeed.
A better case, perhaps, can
be made in connection with
the nuclear test talks which
have been dragging on incon-
clusively for more than two
years. Many would support
the view that it is time to
confront Mr.. Khrushchev
with the choice Of either
signing an acceptable treaty
or seeing the United States
resume underground testing
of nuclear weapons.
Red Dlsmay Unlikely
On the other hand, there is
some doubt that Mr.. Khru-
shchev will be particularly
diSmayed by these alterna-
tives. Many experts now be-
Ieve the Russians are not
really very interested in de-
velopment Of small nuclear
weapons in any event. And
that cur resumption Of test
ing would be Of far greater
propaganda value to the Rus
slams than it would be Of
military Importance to the
United States.
Most particularly. 1t Is felt
Mr.. Khrushchev will not be
impressed by any warnings
from Mr.. Kennedy about the
possibility of engaging
American military power in
Southeast Asia. From the
Russian military viewpoint,
in fact, there are probably
few things that Mr.. Khru-
Shchev would like better. The
only drawback, as experts
here see it, would be the in
evitable extension Of
Chinese power in the area
on q scale at least as great
as anything that the United
States could provide. But
whatever possible miSgivingS
Mr.. Khrushchev may feel
about this, they have not
prevented him from giving
open and massive support to
Communist military efforts
in an area wherever they are
confronted by American op-
position.
There is finally one other
large doubt about q possible
Kennedy Khrushchev meet
ing at this time. It Is quite
simply whether such a meet
ing would be an example Of
sound diplomacy as spokes-
men for the administration.
including Mr.. Kennedy him
self, have preached it or per-
sonal diplomacy Of the most
extreme kind. The answer
to this question, Of course.
is hard to judge from a dis
tance. But in the light Of all
that has been said about the
Importance Of normal dip
lomatic channels" the i'm
portance Of careful advance
preparation for top level
meetings and the risks In
volved when the prestige Of
the presidency is committed
to doubtful enterprises, this
would seem to many a rather
surprising decision to make.
Evening star., 1961-05-17
Surprise Over Summit PorIey Talk
GENEVA,
v CROSBY S. NO
Foreign Correspondent of The S

GENEVA.
Europe'S main reaction to
reports of an impending Ken
nedy-KhruShchev meeting is
to wonder If this is exactly
the time for such a move and
whether q number Of false or
outdated assumptions m ay
not lie behind it.
In France there is a good
deal Of chagrin at the idea
that a Khrushchev-Ke
m e citing would inevitably
steal most of the thunder
from the Presidents visit
with de Gaulle at the end Of
this month. There also is
some uneasiness at the idea
Of a meeting at which our
allies won't be present and
about which, so far as can
be learned from top sources
here, they have not yet been
consulted.
Most Of the arguments In
favor Of a Kennedy = Khru-
Shchev get-together that ap-
piled when the administra-
ton took over last winter
seem to have largely evapo-
rated in the light Of more
recent events.
The first Of these argu-
ments was that Premier
Khrushchev for reasons Of
his own was anxious, himself.
to meet the new President.
Under pressure from his own
hard line" party members.
plagued by Chinese militancy,
concerned for his policies Of
coexistence, Mr.. Khrushchev
was believed by some to be
ready to reach accommoda-
tionS with the United States
in a number of important
areas.
There is little such feeling
today. After brilliant sue
cesses in Laos and Cuba and in
conquest Of space, Mr.. Khru-
shchev is riding higher than
at any time in his career.
On his part, there has been
no talk for some time either
about a meeting with Presi-
dent Kennedy or the need for
a summit meeting. Instead,
there have been blunt and
purposeful warnings that time
is running out in Berlin and
that decisive Soviet action
there can be expected soon.
Few people In Europe or
elsewhere would worry about
a meeting which took place
under reasonably relaxed in
ternational circumstances and
for a strictly limited purpose
Of establishing some sort of
personal contact between two
leaders. The concern today is
caused by the fact that inter-
national circumstances are
anything but relaxed. And
also by reports from Wash
ington which indicate that
Mr.. Kennedy hopes to en-
gage Mr.. Khrushchev very
seriously on a large number
Of vital subjects.
Disturbing to Allies
The thought that the talks
might involve such things as
the situation in Southeast
Asia. nuclear test talks. dis
armament or Berlin is highly
disturbing to most European
leaders. Such q meeting would
be more like a two-way sum-
NIT conference than a simple
prise de contact" other ma
tionS which feel themselves
vitally interested in the re-
suits would quite naturally
demand a voice in any de-
cisions made.
In any event. in most Of
these areas, critical interna-
tional negotiations are al
ready under way.
Evening star., 1961-05-17
To Make Foods Safer

Testimony before House subcon-
mittee on health appropriations has
revealed that the Federal Government
is seriously handicapped in its efforts
to protect the public against possible
Evening star., 1961-04-09
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Evening star., 1961-06-12
Disaster Strikes

It was warm inside the
building housing Stationary
Low Power Reactor No. l at the
National Reactor Testing Sta
ton 40 miles west Of Idaho
Falls. It had been cold outside,
but not oppressively so. when
three military enlisted men
stepped off the Acc bus from
Idaho Falls five hours earlier,
at 4 pm. on January 3.
Now the sun had set, and
the three men knew the bitter
sub-zero cold Of an Idaho desert
night would bite into them
three hours hence, when they
went off-shift to catch the bus
back to Idaho Falls.
They never lived to feel the
cold. Before the shift was over
they were dead in an atomic
accident.
Almost on the stroke of nine
that Tuesday night, automatic
heat alarms rang in the central
fire house of the station.
The signals indicated trouble at
Sill, the Army power-reactor
prototype being tested for use
in remote locations.
An emergency crew sped to
Evening star., 1961-06-12
Niagara Falls Tragedy
Takes Lives of Four

NIAGARA FALLS, Ontario
June IL (AP).-Four person,
were killed last night when 9
small motorboat carrying then
on a Sunday outing capsized ir
the rapids above Niagara Fall.
and plunged over the edge.
Two women and a man were
swept over the brink of the
giant cataract and dashed into
the mass of rocks and churnine
water 162 feet below.
The other man was sucked
through the intake of a power
plant.
Killed were George Stewart
40, a druggist from Ridgeway
Ontario, his wife, Jean, A, and
Stanley TeSsman and his wife
Gladys, Of Buffalo. N. Y.
Crowds of sightseers at the
famous tourist attractions
watched in helpless horror aS
the tragedy began to unfold
2 miles up the Niagara River
from the falls.
The boat, apparently hit by
engine trouble, drifted through
a gate of the Ontario hydro
control dam, which stretches
more than half way across the
river from the Canadian side
The tragedy added to the list
of deadly plunges over the giant
cataract. In all the history oi
the falls, only one person IL
known to have survived an &C.
cidental plunge over the brink
"a small boy who fell over last
year.
Evening star., 1961-06-12

tention to her scholastic record
and Unexpectedly brought her
scholarship which enabled her
to enroll in Hampton.
Asked today if she has any
concern about entering for the
first time a university where
most of the students are white,
Miss Thompson said:
mo, I think that in graduate
school everyone will have tc
work so hard that no one will
have any time for racial preju-
dice. I just hope that I ear
fulfill the expectations of all
those who hope I will do WELL
Miss Thompson plans tc
leave tonight for New York
University where she will take
several engineering courses be-
fore starting graduate studies
at Cornell in the fall.
The $4,000 Amelia Earhart
Scholarship she was awarded is
renewable annually.
Evening star., 1961-06-12
ThoiIond Leaves
Talks at Geneva
Gen. Walker Rebuked
For Attack on Leaders
By the Associated Press

The Army today rebuked Mai.
Gen. Edwin A. Walker for label
ing as pinks or Communists
former President Harry s. Tru-
man, other leading Democrats,
and Segments of the United
States press and radio-TV in
duStries.
Announcing findings of an
investigation ordered by Presi-
dent Kennedy. the Army said
the oath Infantry Divisions
troop information program put
into effect by Gen. Walker twas
not attributable to any program
of the John Birch Society,""
Assignment Cancelled
Charges that Gen. Walker
had subjected troops of his
command in Europe to propa-
ganda from the militantly con-
servative Birch Society touched
off the inquiry.
Along with rebuking Gen.
Walker, the Army cancelled his
pending assignment to COM
mand the 9Th Corps at Austin,
Tex, and ordered him to re-
main in his present post pend
ing eventual reassignment with
in the United States"
Secretary of the Army Stahr
announced "the a i'm oni S h.
ment" Of Gen. Walker for "tak-
Evening star., 1961-06-12

the scene. Unlike ordinary fire
men, those at NRTS always
carry radiation counters with
them. AS they approached the
round silo of Sill, they knew
they had trouble on their hands
A hundred feet away from the
building, where radiation levels
should be nil, their meters were
showing l roentgen Cor "r'')
per hour-more radiation thar
an atomic worker should re.
ceive in three weeks.
The initial fire alarm had
already been noted at the Aces
Idaho Operations Office in
Idaho Falls, and Manager Allan
c. Johnson had been notified
routinely.
II didn't have the feeling OF
Iinevitability-as I've heard ex-
pressed since-'Well, here it is
at last Mr.. johnson recalled
later. What hit me was that
there were people in that build
ing.
Il don't think anybody
thought Of anything except that
See IDAHO, Page At
Evening star., 1961-06-12

Witnesses told police the boat
capsized after crashing into q
rock about 100 yards upstream
from the falls about $40 pm.
James C. Artman Of Muir
rysville, Pa, had been taking
snapshots in the area. He first
noticed boat seats tumbling
over the brink, then the body
of a blond woman in red shorts
and a blue blouse.
Mrs. Artmann'S cousin, John
Cooper of SherkStown, Ontario,
said he saw the overturned boat,
about 16 feet long, plunge over
the edge. On the boat he read
the name Pink Lady.
Mrs. Artman reported seeing
one man struggle desperately
to pull himself out of the water.
Clad in trousers and a white
T-shiIt, he tried three times to
get a firm hold on an old barge
that had been stuck in rapids
above the falls for some 40
years. But it was in vain. He
fell back into the water and dis
appeared.
Two policemen helped by
several onlookers managed to
throw out a rope to the other
man, who was trying to swim
ashore. He held on for about
a minute as they tried to pull
him in, but he, too, lost his
grip. He was sucked into the
Niagara Power Commission
intake, which leads to a 145-
foot drop to the turbines.
Evening star., 1961-06-12
Suit to Split GEHinted
ByU. s., Firm Asserts

NEW YORK, June IL (AP)
General Electric Co. said TO-
day the Government has raised
the possibility it might go to
court in an attempt to break
up GE, worlds largest electrical
goods manufacturer.
The company said its repre-
SentativeS were told of the pos
sibility last week by Assistant
Attorney General Lee Loevin-
ger in discussions on q pro-
posed consent decree to end q
price-fixing conspiracy case.
The talk of q divestiture pro-
ceeding followed GE rejection
Of the Government-drafted de-
cree as foolhardy and impos-
sible Of fulfillment, q spokes-
man said.
No Comment Here
The spokesman added that
Mr.. Loevinger did not make
clear which properties the Gov
ernment might seek to split off
from the parent firm.
I'm Washington, a Justice
Department spokesman said
the Government would not
comment on the story while
negotiations are in progress
over the consent decree.)
The decree is an alternative
to a civil suit in which the
Government would ask relief
from the collusive and monop-
olistic practices of which GE
and 20 other electrical equip
Evening star., 1961-06-12
Kennedy Gets
Special Care
Precautions Token
To Avoid Exertion
BY MARY McGRORY
Star Staff Writer

President Kennedy was de-
posted gently at Andrews Air
Force Base today on his return
from q four-day Florida va
cation that apparently failed to
clear up his back ailment.
Every precaution is now being
taken to spare him any exer-
ton and to shield him from
public view. He is using his
crutches continually.
When he took off from Palm
Beach this morning. q missile
maintenance platform Of the
type called "a cherry picker"
lifted him abroad his four
engine jet.
When the Jet set down at
Andrews at 1904, a special ele-
vator- platform was driven on
to the field and parked at the
plane door.
Leans on Clutches
The platform lowered him to
the ground slowly. A fellow
passenger was Gen. G. j. Dun
kleberg, commanding officer of
the 1254th Air Mission Wing.
The President appeared to lean
heavily on his crutches.
The Presidents progress to
his Marine helicopter about so
feet away was shielded by Sc
cret Service men. It could be
seen, however, that he held his
left foot high off the ground.
A special wooden ramp awaited
him at the door Of the hell
copter, so that he mad only
two steps to take.
Upon his arrival at the White
House, another ramp awaited
him on the White House south
lawn. He brushed it aside, how
ever, and climbed down the
steps with the aid of his
crutches. He hobbled across the
grass. after waving to his
See KENNEDY, Page AS
Evening star., 1961-06-12
Sc School Suit Figure
Gets New Scholarship
By JOHN BARRON
Star Staff Writer

The Arlington girl whose 1856
suit eventually led to desegrega-
ton of county schools has won
q $2,500 scholarship to study
aeronautical engineering at
Cornell University.
Recipient of the grant is Miss
Clarissa Thompson Of 1881
North Columbus street, who was
graduated this month with hon.
ors in physics and mathematics
from Hampton Institute at
Hampton, Va.
After obtaining her masters
degree at Cornell, Miss Thomp-
son, who is 81, hopes to engage
in missile research and Develop
ment, q field in which there
are few women.
In 1856, she requested the
Federal District Court in Alex
andria to order her transfer
from the all-Negro Hoffman
Boston High School to the then
all-white Washington-Lee High
She finished Hoffman-Bos-
ton and entered Hampton be-
fore the courts ruled on her
plea. But it was in connection
with the suit bearing her name
that Judge Albert V. Bryan in
1859 ordered the first colored
children admitted to white
schools in the county.
Although Miss Thompson de-
veloped an interest in aeronau-
tics while studying science un-
der Neal Haygood at Hoffman
Boston, she feared she would
never be able to attend college
because of lack of money.
However, with assistance
from Mr.. Haygood she designed
a wind tunnel which won a SCI
ence fair prize, attracted at
Evening star., 1961-06-12

ment manufacturers were con-
victed earlier this year.
The companies and As per-
sons were fined nearly 50 mil
lion for conspiring to fix prices
rig bids and allocate markets
AS now drafted, however, the
consent decree would commit
the companies to much more
than putting an end to the
conspiracy of which they wert
convicted earlier.
Decree Quoted
The companies would have
to agree to refrain from SELL
ing "at unreasonably low
prices" without knowing al
what point the Government OF
the court would consider theil
prices "unreasonably low."
Under the decree, any sales
would constitute contempt OF
court Where the effect is, OF
where there is a reasonable
probability that the effect will
be, substantially to injure,
suppress or Stifle competition
mr. tend IN nrnata q YioonoY1olxy 81
The Justice Departments
antitrust division has been ne
gotiating for acceptance of the
decree with the leading manu-
facturers making power switch
gear assemblies.
However, the department
made it clear that this first
decree would be a prototype"
See ANTITRUST, Page At