davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-01-01

UNITED NATIONS. NY.
Dec. 81 (AP).-Cuba's Foreign
Minister Raul Roa called for
an immediate meeting Of the
United Nations Security Coun-
Gil tonight. charging that the
United States was ready to
carry out, within . few hours.
direct military aggression"
against Cuba.
Mr.. Roa said the Council
should approve measures 1t
deems necessary to prevent the
armed forces Of the United
States and its mercenaries from
violating the sovereignty. ter
ritorial integrity and independ-
ence Of Cuba"
In o letter to Council Presi-
dent Valerian A. Zorin Of the
Soviet Union. Mr.. Roa as
serted that the "mendaciously
invoked pretext for this typical
act Of international piracy Ia
the construction In Cuba Of
II Soviet rocket-launching
sites which has been alleged
with unequalled cynicism in q
confidential note from the
United States government to
the governments Of Latin
America"
The Cuban Foreign Ministry
claimed his government pos
sesses the threads Of the sim
lister plot contrived by the
United States Central Intelli-
gence Agency. in close Coop
Grafton with the Pentagon and
North American monopolieS.
No u. N. Comment
THE military Intervention
about to take place." Mr.. Roa
said, Is the elimination Of a
policy Of pressures, subversion
and aggression "let loose by the
government of the United
States against the government
and people Of Cuba"
There was no immediate
comment on the request by the
United Nations.
Mr.. Roa new to New York
today after government-con-
trolled newspapers in Havana
charged that United States
Marines will invade Cuba with
in 18 days.
White House Press Secretary
James C. Hagerty responded to
the charge with the comment:
Nuts" Mr.. Hagerty said the
accusation was . typical Castro
regime smokescreen completely
devoid Of truth.
But In Havana the charge
spread invasion fever through
the island for the third time
In q year.
Gun Emplacements Rise
Gun emplacements went up
in the Havana Bay area and
several suburban sections. Eye
witnesses reported large num-
bers Of trailer trucks loaded
with heavy weapons racing to
southwestern Cuba.
There was no immediate ex-
|planation for the movements.
But unconfirmed reports said
there have been simultaneous
landings by anti Castro forces
in the western province Of
Pinar Del Rio and in EASTERN
most Oriente Province.
There was added tension in
Havana when q fire swept
through q section Of the La
Evening star., 1961-01-01
Science in Red Chino
Is Unknown Quotient
BY WILLIAM HINES
star Science Writer

NEW YORK. Dec. 3l-The story is told Of four blind
men who examined elephant with their hands what
the beast was like
The first feeling the elephants sid thought 1t resembled
wall The second touching the trunk judged the elephant
to be sort Of snake The third felt the a and thought the
Evening star., 1961-01-01

same stamp is in everyone's
passport.
de jure recognition Of Com.
munist China is absolutely es-
sential If we are to have scien-
|tific Interchange"
There is no assurance, Of
course. that recognizing Red
China would immediately elm
mate the bamboo curtain. It
almost certainly would not, and
the best qualified experts Chi
|nese-born American citizens
now active In science here
would be unable to visit their
native land as q matter Of
simple prudence.
Reds Keep Secretary Label
But the scientists feel strongly
that some communication Is
better than no communication,
and the latter is what is rapidly
coming to pass. s. !. Kitagawa
OF the National Science Foun-
dation. an expert on the now
Of scientific information. says
Red China has put the lid on
about 80 per cent of the
professional papers that used
to come out. Some medical
journals and proceedings Of
the Chinese Academy Of Science
still reach the United States.
but in an ever dwindling now.
The Red Chinese. on the
other hand. get everything
they need from the United
States IN the way Of pphlica-
tions, according TO the scien-
fists Prom Q scientific point
Of view. we've got nothing to
lose and everything to gain
from o free interchange" said
DR.. Gould.
Prof. Robert T. Beyer Of the
Department Of Physics at
Brown University told news
men that as far as he knows
the Red Chinese do not yet
have much to teach the West
IN his speciality. He had no
doubt that the time IL not far
OF when they viii have lessons
for US.
DR.. Boyer and T. c. Tsao Of
the Columbia School Of Engi-
neering reported that the Chi
nese have four atomic reactors.
Are any Of them making the
atom-bomb material. pluto
mum, in appreciable quanti-
ties? This they did not know.
Steel Mills In Red China
Earlier this week. Kuns-
ping Wang of the Federal
Bureau Of Mines delivered Q
frightening paper on mining
and metallurgy In China. He
told Of vast new rolling mills,
forges and even Q tube mill
that can turn out seamless
tube up to 8 inches In diameter.
In o nation with the tech
nology. the money and the
desire, this sort Of industrial
complex spells missiles and
rockets.
DR.. Tsao. the engineer. said
he believed China is already
capable Of supporting itself In
o non-nuclear war. They did
pretty well in Korea" he COM
ments.
DR.. Chauncey Leake. presi-
dent Of the AAAS. has said
publicly that the important
Red China symposium here
this past week has emphasized
q large lack Of communication
between the United States
scientific body and that Of the
largest single nation in the
world. Privately, but not at all
in confidence. he told this re-
porter that II he had thought
Of the plan in time, he might
have asked the State Depart
ment for permission to invite
Red Chinese scientists to the
AAAS meeting.
Permission would certainly
have been denied, but In the
view Of scientists - who are
internationally minded to start
with-such q denial would have
emphasized the huge rift In
what ideally should be q
free and universal scientific
brotherhood.
Evening star., 1961-04-12

time, about two-thirds Of the
ships could be kept on patrol
at all times. but If necessary
the cruises could be heightened
and 80 to 80 per cent Of the
ships could be kept on station.
This almost unlimited power
makes life more pleasant for
the crews. The reactor runs a
large air-conditioning unit that
keeps the air fresh even when
the crew smokes and the cooks
serve onions. The ship can dis
till its own fresh water in great
quantities. And there is plenty
of power for lighting, movies,
radios and other uses.
Atomic power also permits the
Navy to make the ship roomy
by seagoing Standards-with-
out worrying about the extra
weight. There is work space,
moving space and recreation
space.
The men do not expect to
enjoy the confinement, but they
are eager to endure it in order
to join the elite Polaris force.
Sailors study math and science
in their spare time. and they
say they are glad to be in on
the ground floor Of this futuris-
tic weapon.
Evening star., 1961-04-12
End of ofBeginningin Foreign Policy

marie what two men really
thought of each other after
consultations in which the
oretically they have gone
over" all the worlds prob
lens but in which actually
they have most of all gone
over each other.
This, then, is only the end
of the beginning of the ad-
ministration's job in foreign
policy. The information nee
eSsary to making great and
critical decisions is being
gathered. But most Of the
decisions themselves are yet
to come. Though several will
be necessary, two and only
two stand at the heart of it
all:
Will the Soviet Union
agree at last to genuinely
controlled nuclear disarma-
ment? And-aS a part of the
same question-if not, will
the United States then spread
nuclear weapons among our
Allies? And, second, will
the Western Alliance be
strengthened in conven-
tional weapons in truth and
in fact so that whatever else
may happen, the West will
be able to defend itself?
Evening star., 1961-04-12

Mrs. John F. Kennedy has
turned a profile of courage
to 200 newspaperwomen Of
the Nations capital.
She invited them to lunch
con in the East Room of the
White House where they sam
pied the wares of the new
French chef with sherry as
an aperitif and a choice Of
red or white wine.
Then, after a little speech
of welcome, she encouraged
them to inspect the changes
she has made and to write
about them. With a little
smile, she said that other
wives of Presidents have tried
to make the White House a
warmer and more welcoming
place for its many visitors
but found it a hard problem.
Still soft-voiced but lift
ing her rounded chin firmly,
Mrs. Kennedy indicated that
she would not throw in the
sponge but would continue
with change and experiment
her effort to produce the at
mosphere she seeks.
The fact is that the young
chatelaine of the White
House is in dead earnest
about tightening the mood
and temper of living in the
formal residence where she
Evening star., 1961-04-12
DAVID LAWRENCE

Within a few days the
American people will get for
the first time some basic in
formation which will enable
them to begin to make up
their minds whether or not
they like the new President.
For what has happened
thus far hasn't really been
decisive. 1t doesn't matter
much whether the Kennedy
household hires a French
chef or whether the Peace
Corps" is going to convert
native Africans to civilization.
What does matter is whether
the Federal Government is
going to collect more tax
money out of the workers
take-home pay.
The President is planning
to send his tax message to
Congress next week. 1t has
been delayed for unexplained
reasons, though it is widely
suspected that the drafts OF
the message proposed by the
Presidents task forces and
advisers-the theoretical boys
have run into some pene-
trating criticism from mem
bers of CongresS-the prac-
tical boys.
It's always wise to have a
lot of idea men around. Per-
haps. however, the comment
of Prime Minister Macmillan
in a speech in Britain not
long ago apropos of the So
cialist Labor Party is worth
repeating as applicable to
the current situation in this
country. Mr.. Macmillan said
the Socialists have had some
original and sound ideas,
but the trouble is that some
Of the ideas that are original
are not sound and some of
the sound ideas are not orig
inal."
Tax rates and regulations
are at present a complicated
affair that cannot be de-
Tended as either equitable or
productive of adequate tax
revenues. There isn't, to be
sure, any tax system that will
yield enough revenue for the
spenderS. But the important
fact today about new taxes
is not whether they are 60
ing to be made more equi-
Evening star., 1961-04-12
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

Former British Prime Minister Attlee Eisenhower
was not a great soldier" Ikes somewhat like George
Washington. Both pretty fair-szed with a
modest assist from British strategy.
congressman returning from say the people
admire President Kennedy much they're willing
heed his call to sacrfce-and give up his program.
Slogan Of the John Birch Society: Paddle your own
canoe. The guy who makes the motor boats may be
Communist" y
New Navy recruiting poster for astronauts: Join the
Navy and see the word-all at once"
Happy thought Of the day. The probability of an
atomic purpose becoming almost remote the
probability of not having one by accident
Republican survey says Kennedy the 80 election
on the religious issue Too many people afraid if the
G. o. they'd have to spend all their time praying.
Evening star., 1961-04-12
DORIS FLEESON
Mrs. Kennedy Unveils Work

The difficulties Of leading
a private life in a place
through which thousands Of
tourists have access annually
are obvious. Furthermore,
Americans have proprietary
pride in it, and they are not
backward about voicing their
opinions with respect to any
changes made.
Mrs. Kennedy acknowl-
edges this often and has un-
dertaken to inform herself
fully about the history Of the
White House, its furnishings
and the different ideas Of the
women who have preceded
her there. To the newspaper
women she expressed hope
that what she is trying to do
will have the effect Of inSpir-
ing more people to read and
think about this national
treasure of which she feels
herself a kind Of curator. too.
Her friends who know her
capacity and great intelli-
gence are pleased that she
has found a task to challenge
them.
Her greatest innovation so
far seems to be the lovely
little flower arrangements.
In a memorable line. Mad
anne Alphand, wife Of the
French Ambassador, has ex-
claimed: What wonderful
bouquets, they look as If they
had known the touch Of the
human hand"
Evening star., 1961-04-12
First Lady Shows Newswomen
Her Efforts at the White House

is bringing up her two young
children. She sees 1t as her
task to improve its decor
without offense to its tradi-
tions so that it will not have
the institutional look which
baffled her predecessors.
Mrs. Kennedy was trained
in the arts and has admira-
able taste as guests in her
Georgetown home all testify.
Furthermore she is boldly
drawing on the best opinion
in decoration and the arts
for advice and help.
This group SO far has in
cluded the foremost names
here, in New York and
Paris. She also has estab-
lished the post Of Whit e
House curator so that its
treasures may be properly as
sorted, cared for, then used
or displayed.
Mrs. Kennedy has the
confidence to make the de-
cisions in this field. 1t is
a happy conjunction of her
own informed interests with
the real need for a fresh ap-
proach to the stately home
in which Americans want
their Presidents to live but
at the same time keep as a
very special kind of national
monument.
Evening star., 1961-04-12

In a couple Of months the
Roosevelt will join three other
Polaris subs under North At
lantic waters, cruising within
range of their target. If a war
should start, the Roosevelt
would get a radioed order to
fire missiles toward a particu-
lar latitude and longitude.
If the officers were curious
they could look on a map to
see which enemy cities they
were destroying. Otherwise,
crewmen would merely feel the
ship shudder 16 times and turn
for home-itS share Of the war
finished.
Program Stepped Up
The new administration has
been impressed by the ability
Of the Polaris to survive an at
tack on this country and then
retaliate. 1t has ordered pro-
duction Of the subs accelerated
from the present five a year to
IL year. Twenty-nine are on
order to be delivered by the
end of 1864, and the Navy
hopes to get As ultimately.
The secret of Polaris' effec-
tiveness is atomic power. Deep
in the third level of the ship
you can peer through heavy
glass and see a small nuclear
reactor that is slowly changing
uranium into lighter elements
and giving off tremendous heat.
Water absorbs the heat and
becomes steam. An efficient
steam engine drives the sub.
One small lump Of uranium can
produce enough heat to drive
the sub for months.
The Roosevelt will spent two
months on its first patrol. BY
adding more food for the crew,
1t could stay out three months.
In emergencies it could stay on
station considerably longer.
! This means that, in peace
Evening star., 1961-04-12
Awaiting Kennedy's Tax Plans

plenty of time will be neces-
sary before the money i'm
properly collected will be re-
funded. Likewise, this means
more trouble and expense for
the businesses concerned. 1t
is not clear as yet whether
this procedure will apply to
interest on savings accounts,
but it does mean a lot more
work without recompense.
There's another item that
will cause much contro-
versy. 1t is the proposal to
remove the limited tax
credit on dividends. The
argument against full tax
alton of dividends is that the
citizen is taxed doubly if he
puts his money in a corpora
ton but not if it is invested
in a partnership or a pro-
prietorship. The argument
being made here in favor Of
it is that double taxation"
is a myth.
Another plan of the ad-
ministration calls for an in
crease in certain taxes
which will add to the cost
of tires, tubes and the like.
This isn't going to help busi-
ness, either.
There are, to be sure, some
tax havens" that need COR
rection, such as those en-
joyed abroad by individuals
who stay there for relatively
brief intervals and get GER
tain benefits anyway. Also,
there is need to eliminate
abuses in what is defined as
ordinary and necessary eX-
penSes" in business. But such
a reform process tends to
upset many established prac-
tices that have long been
considered legitimate and
equitable but which the
Government, in its zest for
more tax collections, feels
it will have to modify.
All this adds up to painful
change-an impact on the
economy which may not be
felt for some months but
would appear to be inevitable.
Once the tax message Of
the President is sent to Con-
gress, it will be interesting
to see what happens to the
popularity curve Of the
President in the Gallup Poll.
Copyright 1851
Evening star., 1961-04-12
THE AGENT 7

addition, he has steady dedication to his
role as friend and advisor to all he is privi-
legged to serve. Because he has seen life
insurance in action-how it is the mainstay
in time of need he brings enthusiasm to
his work. He represents the way to better
and more secure future. The Peoples Man,
the Agent, whose service and judgment mean
the difference between financial fear and
peace of mind for individuals and families,
truly represents the great growing spirit of
Peoples Life.
Evening star., 1961-04-12

of the ship can carry thermo-
nuclear ballistic missiles big
enough to wipe out whole cities.
The entire complex Of sub,
atomic power plant and missiles
is without a doubt the most
spectacular weapon ever con-
ceived.
Yet, to ride in it seems COM
monplace. You race deep un-
der water, but you feel Moth
ing and hear nothing-except
that the hi-fi plays softly and
sailors pad along the compost
ton tile floors, past wood-pat-
termed formica walls carrying
coffee to their friends, who
watch panels of lights and
gauges.
The ease with which the
new Polaris sub Theodore
Roosevelt seems to be carrying
out her mission is a sign, Of
course, that she was we'll de-
signed and that her crew al
ready knows its job. Still, it is
disappointing that this incred-
IDLY complicated engine of de-
struction would not have an
air Of excitement about it.
AS Big as Destroyer
The Roosevelt is as large as
a destroyer. When you stand
on the bridge atop the sail"
that rises 35 feet above the
water you see the shadow-like
hull of the ship slipping under
water and you are impressed
that a ship longer than a foot
ball field can fight submerged.
She looks like a black hump
backed sausage. The hump
contains the cluster of missiles,
each missile carrying about 500
kilotons of hydrogen explosive,
about rs times the power of the
Hiroshima bomb, but consid-
erably smaller than the 20
megaton bombs that a plane
can carry.
Evening star., 1961-04-12
Message to Congress Is Believed Likely
To Affect Presidents Popularity Rating

table as between different
classes of taxpayers, but
whether forthcoming changes
will disrupt the economic
stability of the country for a
long time to come. Far from
being a cure for recession,
tax changes can prolong a
recession by producing a dis
equilibrium in the economy.
The average citizen will be
affected in many ways and
particularly in his purchas-
ing power. 1t seems ironical
that, with all the talk about
increasing consumer power to
buy, the Government should
be considering a tax program
that will curtail incomes for
many people and many busi-
neSSeS.
Take, for instance, the
social security taxes which
affect almost everybody.
Some will go up in a few
months, and some will be
further increased at the end
of next year. If Congress goes
ahead with pension changes
and medical care for the
aged. the social security taxes
on the whole program will go
up by nearly 33 per cent on
a person who makes a little
less than $50 a week. Thus.
the man who earns $4,000 a
year or more now pays $144
a year in social security
taxes, but the amount the
Federal Government will take
from him will go up to
$193.75. This means the en-
ployer and the employe to-
gether will pay nearly $l00 a
year more than they do now.
This may subtract billions Of
dollars in purchasing power.
Perhaps the most irritating
change is coming in the plan
to withhold taxes on inter-
est and dividends at the
source. Low-income persons.
especially retired people who
do not have much income,
will find their regular month
ly stipend decreased. Also, if
the companies have withheld
more than later will be found
due in taxes on certain indi-
viduals, a lot Of red tape and
Evening star., 1961-04-12

1t is not so much a time for
making high policy as it is for
mixing high people together
in the only form of foreign
conference" where they can
come truly and actually to
grips with each other as men.
This is in private meetings in
which statesmen can have a
genuine chance to measure
the man beneath the govern
ment and people he repre-
Sents.
For in Western politics we
all have what we insist are
governments of law" but
which are in truth govern
ments Of men. What really
counts in the end is not all
the policies in a Statesman's
briefcase but what he him
self is-his prejudices and
convictions, his going point
and his stopping point.
Treaties are supposed to be
laws standing above men. But
treaties in reality are only
instruments of men. And in
foreign affairs, unlike domes-
tic affairs, there is no major
Western leader who is not
capable of acting, in crisis,
how he chooses-or failing to
act-off his own bat. No
Congress. no Parliament, no
high court, no party, can at
that moment really check
or spur him. One or another
of these agencies might later
be able to control or oust
him. But at the moment of
truth he personally is, in
world affairs and in the hour
Of crisis. his government.
All this is why all the Of
ficial summaries we have
been seeing Of conferences
at the White House seem so
uninformative. You can sum-
marize an actual bargain
struck. But you cannot sum-
Evening star., 1961-04-12
S. WHITE
Kennedy Viewed as Gathering Data
Needed for Bio Decisions to Come

What is really happening
here, as one grand high-level
international conference fol-
lows another, as one Allied
leader arrives on the depart
ing heels of another to talk
to President Kennedy?
Are not great and fateful
decisions, vital to hundreds
of millions of people, actually
now being made? Are not
enormously important con-
certs really being drawn up
between President and Brit
ish Prime Minister, between
President and German Chan
cellor, and so on? No, not
yet.
For, though this is in
herently the most critical
spring in world affairs since
the Second World War, it is
not yet a time for decision
making. 1t is, instead, a time
for attitude-testing, for per-
sonal exploration of the
maps Of personality between
the President and his ele-
waited colleagues of the West
ern world.
1t is a time for getting to
know one another; for draw
ing up private estimates of
one another; for learning
what to expect of one an
other for a later and even
more critical phase when the
chips may be we'll and truly
down between West and So
Wet Empire. So it is a phase
not for the crossing of
bridges but rather for build
ing the approaches to
bridges.
1t is a time not for making
hard plans of action but
rather for reaching hard
headed judgments of what
such and such a chief of such
and such a nation really
thinks, really means, and
really is.
Evening star., 1961-04-12
Life on PoIoris Sub
Is Like a Tea Party
BY RICHARD FRYKLUND
Star Staff Writer

ON BOARD THE USS THEODORE ROOSEVELT, April
plunge deep under the Atlantic inside deadly, black
Polars submarine fully exciting coffee break in your
own recreation
the Poaris sub travel at than 20 knots and
than feet 6 huge tubes standing In the center
Evening star., 1961-04-12
PROGRESS,
the great
groWlng spirit of
Peoples Life

tt IT NNTM7 You the bgnes
n force miGons
olrs oomin high in the
Peoples In
that vital
the
be
eety and