Evening star., 1961-05-07
PARAMILITARY
Continued From First Page

OdllOIS OH liberty WOulQ nOL
scatter to waterfront bars but
be sent to the schools, church.
es, and public parks through
the city to make friends.
SeabeeS would make even more
effort to build sewers and
Fairgrounds for Okinawans
and Filipinos.
Such friendship helps intel
ligence gathering. The people
pass on information about To-
cal Communist operations.
Conference.-The operations
also can be assisted by friendly
local people. In one paramili-
tary fight against Red gueril-
las, for instance, superstitious
Communists were frightened
out Of one area when loyal ma
tives spread the rumor of vam-
pires. To emphasize their point.
they took a corpse, punctursd
its throat and left it where the
Reds would find it.
Troops In Training
Army Special Forces troops
and the three-service Military
Aid and Advisory Groups in
Southeast Asia are already
Training counter guerilla
forces. The four Americans re-
ported missing in Laos last
week were doing this work.
Another objective is to en-
courage friendly, democratic
governments. For instance,
Turkish soldiers who teach
good citizenship in country
schools are paramilitary war
riors. So are French soldiers
who organize and protect Mos
lem village governments in AL
geria.
The principles of this type
of paramilitary war were de-
scribed by Sun Tzu and then
restated by another successful
Chinese, the Red dictator Mao
Use Tung: THE people are like
the water, and the army is
like the fish"
His army practiced the prin-
ciple and won China to the
Communists. His soldiers were
friendly with the Chinese peas
ants; they did not steal or mo-
lest women. In return the peo-
pie provided intelligence about
the Chang troops and helped
in guerrilla warfare. and Mao
overthrew the government.
The same technique was used
by the Reds IN Wet Nam and
Laos. But some armies have not
learned it. The British failed to
follow the principle in Cyprus
and lost that island.
President Kennedy has asked
publicly how the free world can
turn the tide If it obeys the
rules while the Reds break them
freely. He did not answer his
own question, but he did say
that we must "reorient our
forces, our tactics and our in
stitutions" to counter the ag-
gressors.
There are obviously some
problems in setting national
policy on the more violent side
Of paramilitary warfare and
its involvement Of military men
in political actions. Gen. Taylor
must try to answer the ques-
ton: Is the United States ready
to go all the way, engaging in
dirty" as we'll as clean" para
military operations?
Tactics Used
Here is what has happened
in other paramilitary wars:
In order to extract intelli-
gence information in the guer-
rilla war in Algeria, French
soldiers tortured civilian and
military prisoners.
In Cuba, anti-Castro para
military saboteurS have bombed
factories and stores and burned
fields, killing some civilians and
depriving others of a livelihood.
In Kenya, some British
fighters against the Mau Mau
terrorists at one time had a
policy of killing any two ma
tives seen together in forbidden
areas.
In Malaga anti-Red fighters
used aircraft to shoot up any
jungle camp not authorized by
officials.
In the Philippines during
World War II anti-Japanese
resistance leaders paid para
military forces for each Japa-
nese head brought in, and barns
full Of heads were found at
liberation time. In India, Brit
ish agents paid for japanese
ears.
These examples could easily
be topped by instances of Com
munist brutality and terror,