davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-06-17
Amonq the Great

The General Advisory Committee of
the Atomic Energy Commission has
chosen we'll in unanimously naming DR..
Hans A. Bethe to receive the Enrico
Fermi Award for 1861. He is admirably
qualified for the honor. which consists
Of presidential citation, gold medal
and a check for $4,000. In the COM
mittee's words, he has been selected
because he has made great and lasting
contributions to weapons technology
during the war against the Axis powers
and during the subsequent years. He
has coupled these activities with work
directed toward peaceful applications
of nuclear energy. Through this busy
and productive period, he has remained
an outstanding teacher and leader of
men,"
DR.. Bethe, Professor of Physics at
Cornell University, will be the fifth re-
cipient of this award when it is bestowed
on him formally next December l, the
eve Of that historic day in 1912 when
Enrico Fermi and his group achieved
mans first controlled atomic chain
reaction under the stands of Stagg Field
in Chicago. Four others have won this
uniquely high honor-the late DR.. John
Won Neumann, the late DR.. Ernest o.
Lawrence, DR.. Eugene Wigner and Dr.
Glenn T. Seaborg, now head of the Acc.
These are truly great names in the world
of nuclear science, and DR.. Bethe's fits
in becomingly among them.
Evening star., 1961-06-17

ShortneSS Of the route. land
conditions and the fact that
one Of the involved shore
line property owners is will
ing to donate so acres Of his
inland property along the
proposed alternate route. But
this route was rejected by
the National Capital Plan
ming Commission because it
went inland.
If the shoreline property
Of one owner is to be sacri-
ficed. then the Shoreline
property of all owners should
be taken, or none. rather
than to unjuStly and unrea-
Sonably discriminate as is so
adamantly being done by the
National Capital Planning
Commissions proposed route.
Florence G.. Read.
Evening star., 1961-06-17
CAPITAL Punishment

Neither law nor morality
can sustain itself from gen.
Grafton to generation with
out the threat of some pen
alties." We understand these
words Of Judge David l..
Bazelon, of the U. S. Court of
Appeals, to be an indorse-
ment Of the principle that
fear Of punishment is a de-
terrent to crime. At any rate.
this principle is of Divine or
dination. 1t is taught in both
the Old and New TestamentS.
For example: In connection
with commanding strict law
enforcement, even unto life
for life" occur these words.
And those which remain
shall hear, and fear, and
shall henceforth commit no
more any such evil among
you"
Although Khrushchev is
out to bury" us. fear of our
war potential and our will
to use it, if necessary, has
so far restrained him from
opening fire upon us. Just so.
fear Of punishment will hold
in check the vicious Of our
own city. However, in order
to obtain this result, the
threat Of punishment must
be backed up by q record Of
consistent enforcement.
Life imprisonment may be
worse than death, but as a
threat it has less force. ow-
ing to the hope Of parole in
volved. and our goal is to
reduce the number Of inno-
cent victims Of crime especi-
ally those of murderers and
rapiStS.
Some 80 years ago seven
murders were committed in
London. England. in one
year, and that within the
same period over 400 people
were murdered in Chicago,
Illinois. At that time the
English strictly enforced
their capital punishment
laws. Illinois did not. London
then had a population ap-
proximately three times that
Of Chicago.
In 1857 the English re-
moved capital punishment as
the penalty for certain forms
of murder. Result? During
1860 the number of murders
was double that of 1859. The
lesson is obvious. We have it
within our power draStically
to reduce the present crime
rate of our city. even with
out an increase Of the police
force. 1t is to be hoped that
we will have the moral cour-
age to do sol
C. W. DickerSOn
Baptist Paste
Evening star., 1961-06-17

I read with great interest
the recent announcement By
DR.. Ebert Byrd, of his inten-
tion to run for the United
States Senate from the State
of Maryland.
I am thankful that some of
the more civic-minded and
well qualified people in this
country are beginning to take
an active part in politics.
1t is certainly apparent to
any Marylander that new
talent is needed in the local
political scene. Maryland has
too long been controlled by
a few insiders.
In his announcement, DR..
Byrd stated that he intended
to bring to the attention of
the public the record of SEN
ator Butler. I shall be looking
forward to this with eager
ness. 1 am sure that some of
the results will be both
interesting and distressing to
the majority Of the voters.
Elise Kunde
Evening star., 1961-06-17
Respect for Flag

This is too late for Flag
Day. but a few weeks ago 1
witnessed an incident on
Fourteenth street bridge that
stirred me no little. The
bridge was bedecked with
flags of our country and
those of the nation of a
visiting president. During the
early morning rush hour,
one Of our flags was blown
to the pavement in the path
of oncoming traffic. A motor
ist stopped. got out. picked
up the flag. rolled it up,
placed it on the curb, an
chored it. then drove on.
There was not a peep from
the cars he held up. I was
impressed not only by the
respect this motorist showed
for his flag. but by the un-
derStanding of the other
drivers who waited quietly
for him to do that consider
ate deed.
Evening star., 1961-06-17
Psychosomotic

His countrymen will be gratified if
the President is spared acute suffering
from the temporary injury to his back
and there are doubtless millions of
them, having experienced similar mis-
haps, who are unusually sympathetic.
On the other hand, we expect
almost any day to see this headline:
PRESIDENTS BACK INJURY
VERY PAINFUL TO THE PRESS
Examination into the medical his
tory of their complaint probably ex-
plains the extreme discomfort inflicted
upon the White House reporters. In
brief, they do not enjoy the candor, at
the hands of Messrs. Salinger and
Hatcher, to which they had become
accustomed under Mr.. Hagerty. This
hurts. Why, they ask, if it is the
peoples right to know in detail the
symptoms, the cause, the treatment
and the patients response in such
episodes as presidential ileitis, coronary
or cerebral thrombosis, does not the
same inherent right extend to
lumbo-Sacral strain? Why have the
press secretaries withheld a skeletal
chart of the presidential frame, with
little arrow indicating precisely what
happened, and where-also why. What
did he eat for breakfast? What did he
say when he temporarily forgot about
his back and leaned down to tie his
shoe lace?
The crutcheS, instead of affording
some relief to reportorial distress, have
produced complicating Illustrations.
About week ago a gathering of news
papermen in Washington received
flash bulletin from the White House
that the President was on crutcheS. No
sooner had these bleak tidings been
brought than in walked the President
himSelf-without crutcheS A preSiden-
tial secretary denied, in Palm Beach,
that a consultant was being called to
see the President. Just as the reporters
were digeSting this information, it
was announced that consultant had
examined the President. The reporters
and photographers were not informed
Evening star., 1961-06-17
More Than Seogoinq Issue

against the background of the
Atlantic and Gulf Coast shipping strike.
retired Vice Admiral Emory S. Land,
once chairman of the Federal Maritime
Commission, made an interesting and
and thought-provoking point in recent
speech to the Business Advisory Council.
1t waS in brief, that the issue in this
particular controversy is one that could
affect many companies and industries
other than those engaged only in
Seafaring
In this instance, the precise issue
on the waterfront centerS upon the
determination of a group Of shipping
unions to extend their organizing juriS-
diction to the personnel of American
owned ships under foreign registry.
This fleet of approximately $50 ships,
mostly oil tankers, is flying in most
cases the flags of Liberia, Panama or
Honduras, the So-called "flagS of con-
venience." 1t is doing so primarily
for tax benefits and lower operating
costs, and highly important in the latter
category are lower wages and less ex-
penSive charges Of all kinds for oper-
ating personnel. The crews themselves
are made up almost entirely Of foreign
nationals, who are members in some
cases of foreign unions.
BY itself the Seagoing issue is
difficult enough, and Admiral Land has
touched upon some Of the complex
problems raised in this limited area
One Is the fact that American owner
ship and control of this fleet is most
important to our international COM
merce in peacetime and perhaps essen
tial to our security in wartime. Another
is the legalistic problem that if Amer
ican labor unions, with the sanction of
our Government, were to exercise juris-
diction over foreign nationals in foreign
flag ships there is the possibility of
violation Of established principles of
international law and of existing inter
national treaties. And there is, of
course, the possibility that extending
the higher-coSt terms to this foreign
flag fleet would generate both the
need and the demand for Government
subsidy.
But Admiral Land points out very
appropriately that American investment
in foreign-flag shipping is not baSically
different from American investment in
manufacturing plants abroad. This is
not shipping problem alone" he told
the Council, but 1t is one that could
affect every one Of you who has a
foreign plant In your company" If, in
other words, American labor unions are
able to sustain their demand-and strike
in support Of ito organize and repre-
sent the crews of ships under foreign
registry, that same extension Of their
jurisdiction may apply to the employees
of an American-owned automobile man
ufacturer, typewriter maker or what
have-you in foreign country. 1t is not
difficult to imagine the chaos and the
competitive disadvantage that would
result
Evening star., 1961-06-17
Disputed Park Route

The Star has published
views of jealous advocates Of
the shoreline route Of the
proposed George Washington
Memorial parkway through
our area of Prince Georges
County.
I oppose the shoreline
route. In 1854. prior to my
late husbands plan to ac-
quire our present shore prop
erty on the south of Broad
Creek, he was assured by the
Interior Department that this
property in no way would be
involved in the then pro-
posed route of said parkway.
At considerable expense, our
present home was completed
in January, 1856. Soon after
that the proposed route was
changed to follow the shore
line instead of the inland
route.
We citizens opposing the
shoreline route are sand
wiched in between Indian
Queen Point and Hatton
Point, two of the more scenic
and commanding views of the
Potomac and Broad Greek,
and both of these areas are
by-passed by an inland route
Of the changed parkway,
while the short distance in
volving our shore property
and that Of a few others, is
included in the taking line.
William Finley, director of
the National Capital Plan
ming Commission, some two
years ago suggested to the
Broad Creek Citizens ASso-
citation that it submit an al
ternate inland route which
would be acceptable to op-
posing citizens. At great ex-
penditure of time and funds,
this was done in detail, and
if this route Is accepted, it
would save approximately
SO million in cost OF the
parkway because Of the
Evening star., 1961-06-17
Likes Noyes Column

I am writing to let you
know how much I appreciate
certain features of your news
paper. Among these I place
the articles of Crosby S.
Noyes in first rank. His re-
porting of the European
scene, and especially on
France and her political
problems. is perceptive and
unbiased. His articles, when
read with reports Of Robert
Doty Of the New York Times
and those Of Edmond Taylor
of the Reporter, help to clar-
ify some Of the distorted
images conveyed by "factual"
and raw accounts Of the wire
services coming from that
vital European country.
I also appreciate your lin
terpretive" reports and occa-
Sional serial articles on
specific topics which should
have a place in American
journalism. They are stimu-
lating and a far cry from
some Of the hackneyed daily
columns which spread from
coast to coast. often with
warmed over ideas.
Having read many Of our
major newspapers as well as
foreign papers in Western
Europe and English-language
dailies in the Far East, I can
say that The Star has grown
over the years and is a first
rate newspaper. 1t reflects
intelligent editing and avoids
the sort Of smart intellectu-
alizing which tends to mar
some Of our better journals.
Tlovd w RuhrTnan
Evening star., 1961-06-17
Sunday Blue Lows

How strikingly strange it
appears. that the United
States Of America. glorious
land of free men. champion
Of the down-trodden masses
OF lands across the seas, re-
deemer Of Cuban patriots
from the clutches of a die
tator in exchange for $40 mil
lion worth Of tractors, has
now. through Supreme Court
ruling, decided that "minori-
ties" have no standing be-
fore the courts. So, if I de-
eide to cut my lawn, using
a power mower. at any time
during the hours of the first
day Of the week, Sunday,
which bears the name of the
ancient Sun god of paganism,
l can be sent to prison as
a common criminal. unless 1
pay such a fine as may be
levied against me. No, it will
not make any difference if I
observe another day as my
day of worship. I must, with
my Sunday-obServing neigh
bors. or citizens. bow to the
Sunday law.
Minorities have usually
suffered under the imposition
of inquisitorial laws of the
majority.
Will those who decide
rather ito obey God, rather
than man." in this unright-
eous ruling. be prescribed in
the same category as gang
Sters, racketeerS, mobSterS,
thieves, murderers, arSoniStS,
and other criminals, and cast
into "loathsome prisons" to
mingle with evil and wicked
men, because they have been
conscientiouSly serving God?
Or will there be a special
tribunal set up to which they
shall be brought, before a
kindly judge. who will read
to them from the Word of
God. and offer a prayer be-
fore he passes sentence upon
them for their wickedness in
not observing Sunday. the
e first day of the week. in
common with the multitude?
I say it is tragic when
this Nation of free men de-
baunches that freedom by
judging as criminals law
abiding conscientious people.
because they have decided to
worship God according to the
dictates Of their own consci-
ence.
Wesley Amundsen.
Evening star., 1961-06-17
THE POLITICAL MILL
u. S. Moving Into City Government
BY GOULD LINCOLN

specifies that the new de-
partment hall include the
Federal Housing and Home
Finance Agency, and its con-
StituentS, the Federal Hous-
ing Administration, the Pub
lie Housing Administration
and the Federal National
Mortgage Association. Robert
C. Weaver, head of the Hous-
ing and Home Finance Agen-
cy, is expected to be appointed
the new cabinet officer when
the department is created. All
the agencies mentioned in the
bill are at present under his
ultim a tie direction. Two
agencies which have to do
with housing, however, are
omitted from the provisions
Of the bill. One is vet
Grams housing, which comes
under the Veterans Admins
tration. and the other is the
Federal Home Loan Bank
Board.
Few persons or agencies
seem to have become inter-
ested or excited over the
proposal to establish this
new Department Of Urban
Affairs and Housing. Real
estate boards and the Ma
tional Manufacturers AsSoci-
alton have appeared in
opposition at House commit
tee hearings. Mayors of some
Of the large cities have sup
ported it. The potentialities
of Federal control and of
big Federal spending in the
proposal appear to have been
ignored except in a few cases.
No estimate of increased
Federal spending for the new
department seems to have
been made. This may be be-
cause the only agencies so far
announced to become part Of
it already are in existence.
Once the department has
been established, however, the
financial picture is likely to
become very differentiated
quickly. This at a time when
the Kennedy administration
is asking to have the ceiling
on the national debt raised by
SIS billion to a total Of $298
billion.
Warning by Eisenhower
One potent voice, at least,
has been raised against the
concentration of urban affairs
in the hands Of a Washing
ton department and it's
bureaus. Former President
Ell senhower, addressing a
meeting of world Mayors here
Thursday. warned these city
executives against yielding
local authority to centralized
national government. The
former Chief Executive told
the Mayors: THE mania that
some overzealouS central
agencies seem to have de-
veloped for wanting to dom
mate rather than serve local
governments threatens to sap
the vitality and creative ini-
tiative Of community inStitu-
tions."
The big city vote saved the
day for President Kennedy in
the national election last
November. Somewhere in this
proposal to have the cities
rely on the Federal Govern
ment for various kinds of aid
lies a germ Of politics.
Evening star., 1961-06-17
Some Recreation

Having ones loot 1mpaled
by a jagged. three-inch long
piece of glass Is both a steep
and unnecessary price to pay
for a game of tennis. But
that was the painful cost to
me on the Districts 18th st.
tennis courts.
The clay courts at this
area, administered apparent
ly by Government Services
Inc, were still closed at 9:10
am, padlocked, the booth
unattended. This left only
two asphalt courts, which
were open, and in as shame
full diSrepair - torn nets,
broken surface, weeds-as all
other similar courts within
the Nations Capital.
Within three minutes, this
writer had stepped onto a
broken soft drink bottle, hid
den among the other litter Of
the court. In spite of the
tennis shoe, the glass pene-
trated more than half an
inch through the bottom Of
his foot. He Is, Of course,
under doctors treatment,
hoping to ward off infection.
Does nobody attend our
public areas at night, leaving
hoodlums and mental defec-
tives to cavort at will? Does
nobody clean or even check
our Fairgrounds in the morn
ing?
Cannot responsibility be
fixed for maintaining such
areas, or is recreation in this
city another fat cat, lush job?
Is it stretching a point too
far to suggest that this apa-
thy-to use a mild word-in
our park and recreation sys-
TEN is but another symptom,
possibly. Of the general con-
tempt for law which is unfor-
tunately plaguing our city?
For what we hope, one day
and in many respects, will
be the worlds leading city,
our beginnings are still inau-
Spicious.
Evening star., 1961-06-17

associates Of the Frankford
Arsenal staff. It is described
in a report from the Gen
eral Precision Corp. of Glen
dale, Calf, which provided
some of the instruments used.
Within five years." the
report predicts, vehicle
checking stations will begin
to appear in metropolitan
areas for the benefit Of car
owners. You'll be able to
drive into such a checking
station and in less than 10
minutes receive a printed re-
port describing the operating
condition of the car and a
list of all needed repairs.
The report will tell you how
many more miles you can
drive before you will have to
check a part that still works
all right but eventually will
have to be repaired or re-
placed"
Saves Time and Money
Before the Frankford Ar
senal development, says the
report, the method Of check
ing most Army vehicles was
essentially the same as that
used by garage mechanics
everywhere. Ever since the
invention of motor driven
vehicles the procedure of
looking at each part and
listening to its operation has
been standard.
I'm other words" says the
report. "the most valuable di-
agnostic tool for motor We
hicle maintenance has been
the good ear of the expert
enced mechanic"
But now, it concludes,
savings to the Army in both
time and money will be enor-
nous and the efficiency and
combat readiness of mobile
forces will be improved a
thousand-fold.
THE capabilities of the
computer = controlled system
are staggering to contem-
plate. An entirely new con-
cept Of engine maintenance
will result"
Evening star., 1961-06-17
VSTAS IN SCIENCE
Enqineers Create Brightest Light
By THOMAS R. HENRY

The brightest light on
earth has just been developed
for the Army'S En- G in eer
Corps.
1t is equal in brightness
to at least two hundred 100
watt light bulbs. 1t creates
a light source approximately
a third of an inch in diam
eter with a brightness two or
three times that of ordinary
sunlight.
The development has been
announced from the corps
research and development
laboratories at Fort Bel
voir, Va.
The light is created by ra-
dating "plasma" of the gas
eous element xenon, found in
minute quantities in the
earth'S atmosphere, Th e
plaSma, sometimes called q
fourth state of matter" in
which the xenon molecule is
broken up and the a tom S
move Independently. is
achieved with a heat of
about $4,000 degrees F. and
it is confined in a fuzed
quartz tube under a pressure
Of 140 pounds a square inch.
Numerous Uses
The new light has a rated
capacity Of 5000 watts. 1t
was made for the Army by
the Duro Test Corp. of
North Bergen, N. j.
Although developed pri-
marily for powerful Army
Searchlight applications, this
new high powered lig h t
source is expected to have
numerous other military,
space and commercial appli-
cations. 1t is expected to re-
place carbon arc lamps in
many applications. 1t is de-
Scribed as clean, has no open
flame with carbon fumes, has
perfect daylight color of light
and an estimated life span
Of 1000 hours.
y -
A tank .check-up system
that promises to be "the
greatest maintenance devel-
opment in the history of the
automotive, railroad and air.
craft industries" has been
developed at the Arm US
Frankford Arsenal near Phil
adelphia.
With the help Of specially
devised electronic computers
a tank or, for that matter,
any military vehicle, can be
given a complete going over
every few months in a few
minutes, developing defects
and their locations deter
mined, and probably future
lifetime predicted.
The development is cred
tied to Technical Director
Raymond BRAKEMAN and his
Evening star., 1961-06-17

when the President, on crutches, pre-
Sented the Collier trophy to Admiral
Raborn in the rose garden. Instead,
they were permitted to observe only
duplicate ceremony, the President sitting
in his rocking chair-without crutcheS.
We are hopefully confident of the
Presidents quick recovery. The condi-
ton of the reporters, however, is classi-
fled as critical.