davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-04-08

SdIQ CLle COMMUNIST DlOC mas
gained strength and "the un-
committed nations are more
alarmed" since 1858.
It was in that year that Mr..
Macmillan and the then Presi-
dent Eisenhower called for
"interdependence" among the
nations of the West.
Sees Greater Need
To-day I say interdependence
is not enough" Mr.. Macmillan
said. 1--WE need unity, a wider
unity, transcending traditional
barriers-unity of purpose, of
method, Of organization"
To get such unity, the British
leader said, Britain and the
United States will have to share
their nuclear capability more
freely with the other nations of
the Western alliance.
"It is natural enough
some fear our fingers on the
trigger-others fear our thumb
on the safety CATCH"
Increasing restiveness Of our
allies over this atomic stran-
glehold can only spur a desire
to build their own atomic capa-
bility, the British leader said.
This. he asserted, is a waste"
which the free Cworld can Ill
afford.
1--WE do not want ou rallies
to feel it essential to their
honor or their safety to pour
out their money in wasteful
duplication" he said.
For Real Disarmament
The West must and will
strive for disarmament-but II
mean genuine disarmament,
secured by effective control
not a sham but a reality" Mr..
Macmillan declared.
AS for a ban on nuclear test
ing, the Prime Minister said
"the United States and Britain
will do all we can to make this
agreement with Russia. . But,
he went on, "a test ban will
not in itself give us a nuclear
disarmament"
Unity in defense is only part
Of the recipe for Western World
survival, Mr.. Macmillan said.
The other part is economic
unity.
Free trade for the free
world" Mr.. Macmillan ex-
claimed. That may be a Wis
ion. 1t may be a long time be-
fore it can take practical shape.
Yet many new and vital ideas
are now being discussed by
practical men which a few
Evening star., 1961-04-08

measures might be advisable
to take, together with our allies
to insure the cohesion, effec-
tiveneSS and adaptability of the
Atlantic community in a chang
ing world.
To this end we have exam
ined the world economic anC
financial situation, including
the problems of imbalance ano
short-term capital movements;
the need for coordination tc
meet these problems by in
creased utilization of existing
international machinery: the
need for more effective assist
ance to nations in an earlier
stage of economic development
and the need for maintenance
Of world trade at the highest
possible level. We have rec
ognized both the urgency and
the Importance of further steps
toward the economic and politi-
cal unity of Europe.
u. N. Support Affirmed
We reaffirm our vigorous
support Of the United Nations
and our determination to op-
pose the attempts currently be-
ing made to undermine It's au-
thority as an instrument for
peace and security in the world.
We have given close atten-
ton to Southeast Asia and spe-
officially to the critical prob
lens of Laos and Went Nam.
We are agreed upon both the
Importance and the difficulty
of working towards satisfactory
relations with the Soviet Union.
We also reaffirm the determi-
nation Of our governments to
do their utmost to bring to 8
successful conclusion within a
reasonable period of time the
negotiations in Geneva for the
cessation of nuclear weapons
tests under effective inspection
and control.
We have talked as partners,
but with a full awareness of the
rights and interests of the other
nations with whom we are
closely associated.
Evening star., 1961-04-08

will be translated simultane-
ously from Hebrew into Eng
liSh, French and German, the
language problem could cause
delays.
Eichmann'S chief defense
counsel, DR.. Robert Servatius
Of West Germany, may try to
challenge the validity of the
trial on the ground Eichmann
was kidnapped from Argentina.
Attorney General Gideon
Hausner's opening statement
may take several days. It is
said to run to $4,000 words, the
equivalent of a fair-Sized book.
Eiehmann is believed to have
written and dictated about
1000 pages of testimony.
Evening star., 1961-04-08
Huxley Takes
Gloomy Look
Al Man STATE
By WILLIAM HINES
Star Science Writer

CAMBRIDGE, Mass, April 8.
Mankind is in for "the worst
quarter Of an hour in human
history" if it continues to try
to blend old, unscientific no
tionS with new scientific
methods.
This gloomy prediction was
made today by Aldous Huxley,
philosopher and essayist, in a
panel discussion at the MasSa-
chusetts Institute Of Technol-
ogy's centennial celebration.
Mr.. Huxley, visiting profess
sor Of humanities at NIT, was
addressing himself to the ques-
ton, How has science in the
last century changed mans
view of himSelf?" His answer
seemed to boil down to: Not
much, and man had better
change this situation in a
hurry.
"As recent events in the
Congo have shown, science has
done remarkably little to
change some peoples view of
their own nature" Mr.. Huxley
observed. "All it has done is
to provide them with stem guns
and hand grenades in the place
of bows and arrows"
Though people no longer at
tribute their misfortuneS to
demons" and Spirits" they
have not really changed much
lin their attitude toward out
side influences, Mr.. Huxley
said. What is more, old preju-
dices and superstitions remain
deeply imbedded in many per-
sons, he added.
THE scientific world-view of
the middle goth century offers
no justification for funda-
mentaliSm, astrology or idola-
trous nationalism. Nevertheless,
idolatrous nationalism remains
the worldwide, divisive re-
ligion of the goth century, and
in these United States there
are several million fundamen-
taliSts and an even greater
number who buy astrological
magazines, read the aStrologi-
cal columns in their newspapers
and modify their behavior ac-
cordingly," the British-born
author declared.
Referring to humanity as
"the earth's dominant and
most destructive Species" Mr.
Huxley said mankind's scien-
tific achievements impose q
terrifying responsibility" on
each human.
"If (men) can accept, reso-
lutely and yet humbly. without
arrogance, (this response
bility then we can look
forward to the future with q
measure Of confidence" Mr.
Huxley said.
IF, on the other hand, they
fail to take account Of the new
facts and cling to the old no.
tions fatally incompatible with
those facts, If they fail to ac-
cept the new view of man with
all its implications in the fields
Ct collective morality, collective
self-control and collective ra-
tionality, then undoubtedly we
are in for =. perhaps the worst
quarter Of an hour in human
history"
(The reference to quar-
ter of an hour" was used by
Mr.. Huxley in the sense of
the French phrase, "mauvais
quart d'heurs"-bad Is min
uteS-meaning a distressing
timeD
Evening star., 1961-04-08
U. S. Turns Down
Nuzi Trial Bid
BY the Associated Press

The United States has turned
down an invitation by the Is
raeli government to send an
official observer next week to
the trial of Adolf Eichmann.
State Department Press Of
ficer Joseph Reap said today
it was not believed necessary
to send an observer to the trial
of the former Nazi official ac-
cused Of mass determination
of Jews in Hitler'S Germany.
The reason, he said is that no
Americans are involved in the
trial.
1--WE feel the great American
press will be fully represented
and will adequately inform us
of the events" Mr.. Reap said.
Evening star., 1961-04-08

suit in a change in French
policy.
This issue. which Mr.. Mac
milan described as vital to the
future of the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization, seemed
certain to come up at a NATO
foreign minister's meeting set
for Oslo, Norway, early next
month and to figure also in
Mr.. Kennedy's talks with Gen
de Gaulle at Paris around
June /.
Berlin Discussion Seen
The problem may also enter
into Mr.. Kennedy's meeting
here next week with West Ger
man Chancellor Konrad Ade-
nauer. They are expected to
discuss Berlin and German
problems, the future develop
ment Of NATO and European
trade matters.
The White House announced
yesterday that Prime Minister
Amintore Fanfani of Italy will
visit Mr.. Kennedy June IL and
13 for a general exchange of
views on world PROBLEMS"
In his speech last night, Mr.
Macmillan spoke mostly about
the nuclear problem. He said
Britain had developed an in
dependent nuclear striking
force because I'VE have always
been ready in the last resort to
fight alone" But Britain,s nu-
clear capability, he asserted
has been an important contri-
button to the total defense OF
the west.
Then, probably with France
in mind though he named no
nation, the Prime Minister
added:
1T is natural enough that
there should now be some in
Europe who feel unhappy that
their nuclear defense should be
left purely in anglo-American
! hands"
Evening star., 1961-04-08
Georgia Court
Releases Kinq
On Probation

DECATUR, Ga, April 8
(AP).-Martin Luther King,
jr., Negro integration leader,
has been spared from Jail on
a traffic charge-on condition
that he not violate any Federal
or State statutes or municipal
ordinances.
King received a $25 fine and
a six-months suspended SEN
tence yesterday for driving
without a valid drivers license.
Dekalb County Judge Oscar
Mitchell warned DR.. King that
the sentence is subject to revo-
cation if the integration leader
violates any ordinance or
statute.
The case started months ago
in routine fashion, but before
the final judgment was given
it had figured in the 1860 presi-
Dental election.
Given Suspended Sentence
Originally DR.. King received
a 12-months suspended SEN
tence from Judge Mitchell. This
sentence was also suspended
on condition that DR.. King not
violate any statute or ordi-
nance.
Judge Mitchell revoked the
suspension and ordered DR..
King to Jail when DR.. King
was charged with violating the
States anti-trespaSS law dur
ing a sit-in demonstration.
DR.. King was taken to Reids-
vile State Prison.
At this juncture, presidential
candidate John F. Kennedy
called Mrs. King to express
sympathy and his brother,
Robert Kennedy, called Judge
Mitchell to see what could be
done about furnishing bond.
Two days later DR.. King
was released on bond while
his original sentence was ap-
pealed.
The Kennedy calls were
credited with swinging thou
sands of Negro votes, and pos
sibly the victory margin, to
Mr.. Kennedy.
ReSentencing Ordered
The Georgia Court of Ap-
peals held that the original
sentence exceeded the legal
limit on punishment in such
misdemeanor case and sent
DR.. King back to Judge Mitch
ell for reSentencing.
This court wants it clearly
understood" Judge Mitchell
told DR.. King yesterday, that
the conditions of the probation
of this sentence are that the
defendant shall not violate any
Federal or State statutes or
municipal ordinances.
If this defendant should
violate any of the conditions
of this probation, the sentence
shall be subject to revocation"
DR.. Kings fine had already
been paid and he strolled from
the courthouse with his wife
and father, free, but with a
string attached.
Evening star., 1961-04-08
Chinese NutionuIists
Fete Buddhu's Birth

TAIPEI, Formosa, April 8
(AP).-ThiS Chinese National
ist capital marked the 2,505th
birth anniversary of Buddha
today with a mixture of solem-
nifty, merrymaking and politics.
Buddhist leaders and civic
officials opened the ceremony
with speeches.
Evening star., 1961-04-08

years ago would have seemed
impractical dreams"
To achieve economic unity,
Mr.. Macmillan said, I'VE must
be ready to welcome the pro-
gressive development of new
trading arrangements and to
see in them a means Of moving
towards a wider system of un-
fettered trade throughout the
free world as a whole.
The induStrialized nations
must accept their responsibility
for raising living standards in
the less developed countries,
both by trade and aid"
Earlier, Secretary Of State
Rusk used the same forum to
cah for an updating of Ameri-
can assistance programs to
eliminate what he called the
annual spasm." What is re-
quired. Mr.. Rusk said, is a long
range approach to long-range
problems.
THAT we ourselves are in a
position to make long term
commitments will make it pos
Sible to say to those who are
seeking assistance that we need
from them some long-range
thinking - some plans, some
first things first, some COM
mitmentS. some interest in the
institutions which are essential
for rational development" the
Secretary said.
RuSk Urges Education
Speaking before a group of
educators, Mr.. Rusk touched on
the role of education in the
development of less advanced
nations.
when we think of develop
ment we must recognize if we
want to be realistic that educa-
ton is not a luxury to be
afforded when development has
succeeded, but that education
is an indispensable elementary
ingredient in the development
Of the processes themselves, )"
he said.
Mr.. Rusk pointed out that
while foreign relations is usu-
ally thought of as exclusively a
government concern, Ito a con-
siderable extent our foreign re-
lations are in the hands of the
people themselves" He cited
$33 billion in private investment
overseas. some 5000 firms do
ing business abroad" the great
community of the arts
sports, recreation, or even
tourism," as examples of pri-
vate concern in foreign rela-
tions.
Evening star., 1961-04-08
KENNEDY
Allied Leaders Pledge Effort
To Reach At est Pact With Reds

Continued From First Page
Kennedy's right hand and fol-
lowed the text as the President
read it.
When he finished reading the
prepared statement, Mr.. Ken
nedy folded it and spoke in
formally a few sentences.
1t had been "a source of
great satisfaction" he said, to
talk in fullest confidence and
understanding with the Prime
Minister.
The 43-year-old President
noted that he was the fourth
American President to have en-
joyed this relationship with the
Prime Minister, who is "a years
his senior.
The relationship now formed,
he said, is "cloSe, personal and
highly satisfactory"
s'"Our meetings have increased
the degree of cohesion that
exists and must exist be-
tween his country and the
United States" Mr.. Kennedy
said.
Then he stepped aside and
Mr.. Macmillan talked briefly.
a., Macmillan Pleased
He spoke with pleasure of
the series Of conferences since
the two men met at Key West,
Fla. two weeks ago. He men
toned Key West, Of the hos
pitality Of his American hosts
and what he called the novel
experience Of sharing hell
copter and yacht rides with the
President.
II feel certain that the re-
suits Of these meetings will be
good for both our countries and
for the future of the free
world" the Prime Minister
said.
He expressed appreciation for |
the opportunity given for many
talks, some in private and |
some with our collaborators." 4"
These, he said, ARE the basis
of confidence"
In concluding their three |
days Of talks, Mr.. Kennedy and
Mr.. Macmillan conferred for
40 minutes in the Presidents |
office, then stepped outside and
strolled through the White |
House grounds before issuing
the statement.
Mr.. Macmillan stressed the
unity theme heavily in a speech
at Cambridge, Mass, last night.
For the first time, he gave some
official indication Of the nature
OF his talks with Mr.. Kennedy,
although American and British
diplomats have been providing
regular, informal reports on the
talks which began last Tues
day.
Nuclear Unity Shared
The Prime Minister called for
"a partnership in the nuclear
as well as conventional (weap-
ons) field" and United States
officials here said that Mr.. Ken
nedy and he had talked about
this idea and Mr.. Kennedy sup
ported it.
The United States and
British leaders were reported
to have expressed privately in
their talks concern about the
French policy under President |
Charles de Gaulle of building
up q separate nuclear striking
force for France. They evi- |
IDENTIFY fear this would even
tually lead to similar action by
other European allies and pro- |
duce q demand in West Ger
many for an Independent nu-
clear force.
Presumably, President Ken
nedy and Mr.. Macmillan hope
that the partnership" idea, !
when fully developed. will re-
Evening star., 1961-04-08
Macmillan Sees Need
To Strengthen West
BY q Star Stan Writer

CAMBRIDGE, Mass April "a more effective and unified
Western alliance necessary for the preservation the
world British Prime Minister Macmillan declared
night.
In major policy address delivered at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology centennial celebration Mr. Macmillan
Evening star., 1961-04-08
Cards Stuy Home

NEW YORK.-Only about II
per cent of card playing today
takes place at a club or a social
organization. The rest is in
homes.
Evening star., 1961-04-08
Rigid Security Curbs
Surround Eichmonn

JERUSALEM, April (AP).-An Israeli soldier rifle in
hand, sits IN cubicle behind bullet t-proof glass
When his watch ends another guard takes his place
So will be around the clock until Tuesday morning when
Adolf Ehmann for whom cubicle was built enters this
special courtroom in Jerusalem and his trial begins
Echmann Getapo chief in charge of Jewish affairs in
Evening star., 1961-04-08
STATEMENT
STATEMENT
Leaders Cite Study
Of Varied Problems

The ert OF the joint statement OF President Kennedy
and Prime Minister Macmillan OF Great Britain issued
today at the conclusion OF their conferences toloUS:
Evening star., 1961-04-08
Berlin Discussion Seen

l8 knots tomorrow. Increasing
cloudiness tonight and tomor-
row. Visibility 10 miles.
Evening star., 1961-04-08

1t will be tonight the South Atlantic
ley and the Great Lakes Scattered showers
Plains Southern the Middle Mississippi
Washington with rain Central and Southern
Rockies and northern part of the Middle Vaey-AP
photo Map - = -
, 1961-02-10
THE PRESIDENT: Senator Ottley.

Nit. OIILEY: MIR. Chairman, l say that i don't see
what the gentleman is alarmed about. In every legislature
hat have been in land 7 will call attention to the Second
Legislature one week before the Legislature adjourns, we
always have about 20. or 80 bills still on the docket. And
the last session Of the Second Legislature we adjourned
with over 30 bills in Committee Of the Whole-not report
led out. So, Mr.. Chairman, what is he talking about. What
iishe alarmed about. It seems to me
THE PRESIDENTS: Not in Committee Of the Whole.
In the Standing Committees.
MR. TIE Standing Committees, yes Sir. SO, it
seems to me, Mr.. Chairman, that we are well within the
draft Of the work we have before US.
Now, with reference to the other matter fabout read
ing in a Newspaper about asPayP Plan being submitted to
the Governor for study Mr.. Chairman, what's so repre-
hensible about that2 If the gentleman here has a proposal
of any sort-or any member of the Legislature-there is
nothing to prevent him, or those members who have the
proposal, to consult with the Commissioner Of Public
the Commissioner of Public Safety, any depart
nnent head or the governor himself. And very often, Mr..
Chairman, members do just that. Nobody aises any issue
about it.
AS you rightly said, Mr.. Chairman, when the bill is
reported to the committee Of the whole and the committee
OF the whole starts to study it and passes it, that's some
thing else. But, as long as a bill has not been passed lit
has not been presented for final action any member has
the right to do anything he wishes under the circum-
stances.
We are not answerable in here, Mr.. Chairman, for any
|consultation or any conference we may hold from time to
time with any government official or with any private
citizen.
It seems to ne that we should be commended rather
than condemned for action of this type.
MR. DE LUGO: Mr.. President.
THE PRESIDENT: Senator de Lugo.
MR.. DE LUGO: reaizpe that Icansonly rise twice
under Privileges. This is my second time around. / would
just like the Record to show-because this is brought up
ever SO often about how many bills die in Committee dur
ing the Second Legislature.
Let the Record show, Mr.. Chairman, that the reason
that those bills were not broufht out was because the Lee
vislature was forced to adjourn sine die prior to the end Of
its business. It still had a lot of time to consider these bills
and they would have been brought out in due time but the
Minority-Which is now the Maiority-held trump SEES
sion and then left. Hence the Legislature was forced to
adjourn.
Therefore, Senator, let the Record show that these
bills died because Of the action Of the minority in the Sec
Eond Legislature 81.
THE PRESIDENTS: MayAI ask ! question Senator
, 1961-02-10
LEGISLATIVE RECORD !.

LEGISLATIVE RECORD il.
Continued From Yesterday.
H PRESIDENT: Senator, the question Of having
the Chairman of the Judiciary Committee signing vouch-
crs for the judiciary Committee is not based on the fact
only that the Chairman of the Judiciary Committee is so
authorized by Resolution to permit the functioning OF that
committee, but also based on the factsthat the other two
officers Of the Legislature, namely the President Of the Lee
g~isIature and the Vice President of the Legislature We're
certified as certifying officers for the Legislature. But the
Resolution that was passed by the Legislature, a special
resolution, specifically authorized the expenditure Of
funds by the Judiciary Committee.
MR.. DE q Several Of our committees have
specific authorizations expend funds and those chalrTnen
cannot sign vouchers.
THE PRESIDENT: / don't know Of any particular.
work. or special assignment that any Of the other commit
tees have for which they should expend funds. Il there are
reasonable iustifcations for the expenditure OF those
funds, the Chair would have no objections at all, i IN the
opinion of the chair the Qualifications are sound.
Mr.. DE LUGo: May j ask the Chair when are we
going to consider the Pay Plan?
H PRESIDENT: Are you satisfied with my an
swer on that?
MR.. DE LUGO: Hardly!
HI PRESIDENT: The Chair would like to call the
Pay Plan on Monday if possible 0Told Monday is q hol-
dayO on Tuesday.
MR.. DE LUGO: Can the Chair tell me this. When
will Commissioner Boreham be back on the island.
PRESIDENT: This the chair is in no position
to answer. LAUGHTERO,
Mr.. DE LUGO: Well, / think it is a matter in which
the Legislature is concerned. We have not completed our
budget hearings on Public Works
PRESIDENT: | understand that, Senator. But
cannot answer this question. + will have to request it
Through the Governors representative from the Cover
nor.
Mr.. DE LUGO: You have the Governors represen-
tative right here.
H PRESIDENT: Mr.. de Castro The Cover
nor's Representative said on Monday.
Mr.. DE LUGO: Well, then, more or less, when can
we look toward passing our budget, Senator.
PRESIDENT: / don't know when we can look
forwad to passing the budget, but we'can look forward to-
working on the budget beginning Tuesday of next week,
if we get through with the Pay Plan on time
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1961-10-01
Mormons Name
New Leaders

SALT LAKE CITY, Sept. 30
(AP).-The Church of Jesus
Christ of Latter-Day Saints to-
day appointed a new member
of its Council of Twelve Apos-
ties and replaced its three
member presiding bishopric in
a series Of major reorganiza-
tional moves.
The actions were taken at
the second day of the church S
semi-annual general conference.
Appointed an apostle was
Gordon B. Hinckley, 51-year-
old former assistant to the
Council of Twelve. He fills a
vacancy created last June when
Hugh B. Brown was named a
counselor to church president
David o. Mckay.
Named new presiding bishop
was John H. Vandenberg, form
er vice chairman of the church's
building committee. His coun-
selors are Robert l.. Simpson
Of Los Angeles and Victor L.
Brown of Chicago.