davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-03-12
British Rosuriun
ToSpeuk Here to
Potomac Group

Harry Wheatcroft, prominent
British rosarian, will speak to
the Potomac Rose Society
Thursday at 8 pm. in the
Natural History Building
Tenth street and Constitution
avenue NV. He will show
slides Of English roses, both
new AMI prospective.
Mr.. Wheatcroft and his
brother started a rose nursery
after World War I and pro-
duced about a half million
plants a year.
The meeting is open to
visitors.
Evening star., 1961-03-12
harpe nrovided the I.ahnratnrr

charge provided the Laboratory
is not overloaded.
Virginia residents should send
samples to Blacksburg. Fair
fax County residents may wish
to contact the County Agents
Office in Fairfax.
Evening star., 1961-03-12
Dr.. c. E. Kellogg
To Discuss Soils
For Nuns

Old Dominion Branch Of the
Potomac Chrysanthemum
Society will hear an address
by DR.. Charles E. Kellogg;
USDA and a foremost soils
scientist, on Preparation OF
Soils for Chrysanthemums'
Thursday at 8 pm. at the Broy-
hill Auditorium, 1920 Lee high
way, Arlington, Va. The public
is cordially invited. The Society's
new officers include: Mrs. E. G.
Seeger, presiding officer; Mrs
M. A. Cutoff, secretary; Mrs
j. w. Callan, membership; H
J. Rudolph. supply; F. G. Johns
plant sale; Mrs. D.. D. Peters,
hospitality; Mrs. J. L. Rawls
publicity.
The Potomac Chrysanthe-
mum Society will meet at 8
pm. Wednesday at the Perpet-
ual Building. 7401 Wisconsin
avenue, Bethesda, Md. Mrs,
Marion Zieg win speak on
planning Your Garden-Or-
ganize and Relax"
Evening star., 1961-11-29

WOULD LIKE TO RENT. 2-bedrm
apt. in private home in Springfield,
Va. Call 451-4707.
Evening star., 1961-11-29
THE EVENING STAR p-ls
HOUSES UHFURR. TO RENT
tCONTINuEDl
MASS Awe EYT

3-oeorn. rambler Of brick and
redwood. Wooded lot compieteiY
FENCED. Convenient to schools and
SIsnsp. Ewes. call Mr.. TuLER,
Evening star., 1961-11-29

DVLNAALl Nhs
Country living at its best, 5-bedrm
Colonial; lge. liv. rm.. forma
din. rm., center hall, lge. equiv
kit; acre lot; avail. Dec. L; S16l
mo.
Evening star., 1961-11-29
SPRINGFIELD. VA.

3-bedrm. brk. rambler. liv. rm.
and din. rm. w/2-way firepl., kit.
no refgr.; l bath, earport: fenced
yd; vacant; Sl20 mo.
Evening star., 1961-11-29
Realtors
Va. FL. 4-70OO

opIIHRIItIu, va. FL. 4-IUOU
ARL. N. 5 bedrmS.. r. yard.
garage, nr. school and transp.
9l5 n: Kansas. S120. Mr.. TILES
Evening star., 1961-11-29

ARL., NJ, 1896 N. 9th I'd, of
Wilson blvd.-Shop at z Corners,
excel. schools. good transp.; s.
bedrm. Colonial with paneled rec
rm., fenced yard. with trees and
avail. for next summer; swimming
will rent for mos. or longer;
S160, immed. occupancy. ROUTH
ROBBINS REAL ESTATE CORP,
S36-6200.
Evening star., 1961-11-29

ON A
COUNTRY
CLUB
LAUREL
PINES

LAUREL, MARYLAND
Golf, swimming and tennis
at Laurel Pines. Live in
luxury inside as well as
outside. Completely air
conditioned, b alconies S,
patioS, picture window
views of the country club;
eating space in the kitch-
en-, dining rooms and spa
cious living rooms, walk-in
closets. Live a few minutes
from NSA, Fort Meade,
Beltsville and NASA; 20
minutes downtown on the
Washington = Bait i'm or
pkwy. Live at Laurel Pines
/ BEDROOM from $lO2.5C
2 BEDRMS. from $122.5C
3 BEDRMS. from $152.5C
Evening star., 1961-11-29
TAKOMA PARK
COOP APIS. FOR SALE

LARGE LUXURY I-BEDRM. APT,
in Foggy Bottoms newest bldg,
call 347-0141.
OPPOSITE STATLER HOTEL-A
bargain. Just reduced to $4,000
2-bedrm., 2-bath redec. apt, CEN
trally air cond., h.-w.h. Trade your
home. Easy terms. HUGH T. PECK,
Bethesda, OIL. 6-9170.
Evening star., 1961-11-29

BETHESDA
POOKS HILL COURTS
8 AND 4 BEDROOMS
TOWN HOUSES

OIL 4-esls OIL. 2-77ss
BOULEVARD Hrs. AREA bed
rm. liV. rm- kit. bath: entire
2nd fir. Of 2-family house: adults
only; S95 incl. utils. ERNEST
H. LUNG. RE. 6-6641. DI. 7-2221
PARK-Larse living Tm.,
dining rm.. kitchen, bath. bedrm.
Near bus and stores. Adults only
Sa5. Phone 474-3300: evenings,
MA. 2-O35S,
Evening star., 1961-11-29
APTS. WANTED

LADY WANTS Q RMS, kit. and
bath in pvt. home with pvt. entr
| on end floor. in NV. section. Box
Evening star., 1961-11-29
LYNCH BROS, INC.

3-bedrm. brk. rambler; full bSmt.
lge liv. rm. v/firepl. sep. din
rm., fin. rec. rm., baths; fenceC
yd.i vacant; SI55 mo.
Evening star., 1961-03-12

country, could not stand its moral
code to be so flouted.
1t is needless here to dwell on
the fiscal and economic policies
of the Democrats. The fact that
they brought Turkey to the brink
OF total economic chaos speaks
for itself.
Enough on the sins of the past
masters in the art of government
by fraud and intimidation.
But where does your ally Turkey
go from here?
The goal headed for with dis
patch is the elections, which will
be held sooner than many think.
The Constituent Assembly. COM
posed of men and women of. high
integrity and purpose, has COM
pleted the election law and is now
working overtime on the new
constitution, which will soon be
ready.
Military Role
In my judgment, the military
National Unity Committee came
into existence for the primary
purpose of uniting the nation,
which the Democrats" were fast
wrecking. In the former days,
the Democrats and Republicans
in the rural communities and
small towns looked down upon
each other as enemies. This is
being speedily remedied and no
effort is spared to give the people
an opportunity to breathe freely
without thinking of local or ma
tional politics at least all the
time.
There are % middle-aged Off
GERS headed by Gen. Genial Cur
sci in the National Committee.
From personal contact and for
mer friendships, I know that
these committeeman are not, by
any stretch Of the imagination,
deSirous of anything like a mill
tary dictatorship. On the con-
trary, they are working day and
night to establish a civilian ad-
ministration worthy of the name
for Turkey.
But they are leaving no stone
unturned to bring forth into the
open the problems of the country
which were swept under the rug
for too long. They are utilizing
the services of the best brains in
Turkey to tackle these problems
head-on. Never since the days
of Ataturk has Ankara witnessed
such feverish activity to pull this
country, by it's own bootstraps,
out of the rut the former regime
let it slip into.
Turkey has never failed to pro-
duce men and women of cour-
age who can rise to any occasion.
The National Unity Committee
rose to the occasion in ending
notorious government, already
proven beyond doubt to have be-
come rotten. It will not take
long for the Turks to emerge
once again as a nation with
government of which you and
we will again be proud. For never,
in their takeover period have the
National Committeeman evinced
any desire to deviate from the
principles and teaching of Alta
turk.
NUZHET BABA,
Evening star., 1961-03-12
BY IFFETT ASIAN
Associated Press Staff Writer

How does it feel to break the
illiteracy barrier at the age of 20?
Its like recovering your sight
after being blind for years." says
a Turkish youth who has just
done it with help from Uncle Sam.
The youth is Turkish army
'conscript from a remote, Eastern
Anatolian village near the Rus
sian border. Like some so per
cent of his fellow conscripts, he
came into the army unable to
read or write. His name in Ali
Ihsan Cavus pronounced Chav-
uSh).
There is no school in our viii
lage," he explains. my father
always wanted us to be okumush
-lettered-and he always told us
if you can read and write, you'll
never be simple provincial in the
big towns. Now I can write"
Cavus is one of 10000 Turkish
army soldiers who have learned
to read and write through a pro-
gram jointly supported by Turkey
and the United States.
Designed to cut down Turkeys
appalling illiteracy rate (65 per
cent of the country'S % million
population) the program is ex-
panding. The United States has
contributed Sc million to the prof.
ect, more than half of it in the
form of counterpart funds-Turk-
ish lira accumulated in Turkey
through the sale of surplus United
States agricultural products.
Turkeys Port in Program
Turkey, so far. has contributed
$1,026,44 and plans more support.
The happiness and excitement
with which Cavus writes his sig
nature is a sign of what the pro-
gram means in human terms.
A conscript at an armored force
encampment near Ankara, Cavus
studied with other "mehmetciks"
- Turkish equivalent of GI-for
six weeks in an intensive, day
long series of reading and writing
exercises.
The army plans to lengthen this
period but for the present it rep
resents a considerable gain. The
theory is that the army, in which
every Turkish youth must serve,
is the logical place to tackle the
E country'S Gripping illiteracy.
Teachers are drawn from the
Evening star., 1961-03-12
Some Privote Thoughts

1t occurred to me that you might
be interested in some thoughts
which I expressed privately in re-
cent years, in the hope of clearing
up certain confusion in the pub
lie mind about what foreign policy
is all about and what is means,
and Of developing a certain COM
passion for those who are carrying
such responsibilities inside Gov
ernment. -.
The senior policy officer may be
moved to think hard about a
problem by any of an infinite
variety Of stimuli: An idea in his
owR head. the suggestions of a
colleague, question from the Sec
retary or the President, a pro-
posal by another Department, a
communication from a foreign
government or an American Am
baSsador abroad, the filing of an
item for the agenda of the United
Nations, or of any other of dozens
of international bodies, a news
item read at the breakfast table,
a question to the President or the
Secretary at news conference. a
speech by a Senator or Congress-
man, an article in a periodical, a
resolution from a national organi-
zation, a request for assistance
from some private American in
terests abroad. ct cetera, ad in
finitum. The policy officer lives
with his antenna alerted for the
Evening star., 1961-03-12
The Slender Thread
Of Soviet Truce

Ambassador LleWellyn Thompson
back to Moscow with a conciliatory
brief, and then swallowed the cava-
lier treatment which Mr.. Khru-
shchev dealt him. Some of RusSiaS
officials and newspapers tried to
implicate the United States in the
Lumumba murder. Restraint was
by no means easy in the face of
such behavior.
What all this meant was that
the two SuperpowerS, while con-
tinuing to maneuver, struggle, and
abuse one other in the outpostS
of empire, deliberately retained
minimum contact as a basis for
future adjustment and negotia-
ton.
This minimum contact was put
in its most serious peril last week
by an event which, at first glance,
might seem largely irrelevant or
possibly even constructive: the
resumption of the 1960-61 U. N.
General Assembly,.
The Assembly often eases crisis
situations. But this time, as luck
would have it, the session is poorly
timed. If the full drama for which
the scenario calls is played out on
the stage at this moment, the
actors will feel obliged to read lines
which scarcely can fail to dyna-
mite the truce. Soviet Foreign
Minister Gromyko, for example,
will try once more to destroy
Secretary General Hammarskjold
and the whole U. N. peace opera
ton in the Congo. Mr.. Stevenson
will recount once again the tragedy
of Hungary. Cuba will fail away
at American Imperialism"
Is 1t Propaganda?
A highly sophisticated public
opinion on both sides of the Iron
Curtain might take all this in it's
stride, dismissing it as just propa-
ganda, signifying nothing. But
verbal battling of this kind is more
likely to raise temperatures to the
point where governments no longer
will dare to exercise restraint.
Words would then become action,
and the truce would be gone.
Recognizing this. Mr.. Stevenson
sought out Mr.. Gromyko and tried
to persuade him to bury all the
items on the U. N. agenda which
were not really necessary. Mr..
Gromyko was unco-operative. His
position can still be changed, how
ever, and Ambassador Thompson,
comforting with Mr.. Khrushchev
in Siberia, is understood to have
sought such a change.
At this writing, it is not known
whether he succeeded. If Mr..
Gromyko gets new instructions,
the world will know it when the
Assembly's Steering Committee
passes final Judgment on the
scenario this coming week.
U. N. diplomats are holding their
breaths. Much is at stake. It would
be a shame, all agree, for the
truce to break down at just the
moment when peace seems within
reach in Algeria, when serious
steps at last are being taken to
bring the Congolese together, and
when new start toward a nuclear
test ban may be in sight. m.
The next few days will be crucial
Evening star., 1961-03-12

differences between this and other
departments. Assistant Secretaries
of State will now carry an in
creased burden of active formu-
lation and coordination Of poll
cies. Means must be found to
enable us to keep in touch as
regularly and as efficiently as pos
sible with our colleagues in other
departments concerned with for
eign policy.
I think we need to concern
ourselves also with the timeliness
of action. Every policy officer
cannot help but be a planning
officer. Unless we keep our eyes
on the horizon ahead, we shall
fail to bring ourselves on target
with the present.
There will of course be times
for delay and inaction. What I am
suggesting is that when we delay,
or when we fail to act, we do so
intentionally and not through
inadvertance or through bureau
cratic or procedural difficulties.
I also hope that we can do
something about reducing the in
FAINT mortality rate of ideas-an
affliction of all bureaucracies.
We want to stimulate ideas from
the bottom to the top Of the de-
partment. We want to make sure
that our junior colleagues realize
that ideas are welcome, that ini-
tiative goes right down to the
bottom and goes all the way to
the top. I hope no one expects
that only presidential appointeeS
are looked upon as sources of
ideas. The responsibility for TAX
ing the initiative in generating
ideas is that Of every officer in
the department who has q policy
function, regardless of rank.
Further. I would hope that we
could pay attention to little things.
While observing the operations of
our Government in various parts
Of the world. have felt that in
many situations where our poll
cies were good we have tended to
ignore minor problems which
spoiled our main effort.
To cite only a few examples:
The wrong man in the wrong
position, perhaps even in a junior
position abroad, can be a source
OF great harm to our policy; the
Evening star., 1961-03-12

required? Should the action be
unilateral or multilateral? Is the
matter one for the United Ma
tions or some other international
body? For, if so, the path leads
through a complex process of par
liamentary diplomacy which adds
still another dimension to the
problem.
What type of action can hope
to win public support. first in this
country, and then abroad? For
the policy officer will know what
action can almost never be Sc
cret, and that in general the ef-
fectiveness of policy will be con-
ditioned by the readiness Of the
country to sustain it. He is in
terested in public opinion for two
reasons. First, because it is i'm
portant in itself, and, second, be-
cause he knows that the Ameri-
can public cares about decent
respect for the opinions of man
kind. And, given probable public
attitudes - about which reason
ably good estimates can be made
what action is called for to in
sure necessary support?
Coution on Politics
May I add a caution on this
particular point? We do not want
policy officers below the level
of presidential appointeeS to con-
Germ themselves too much with
problems of domestic politics in
recommending foreign policy &C
ton. In the first place, our buSi-
ness is foreign policy, and it is
the business of the presidential
leadership and his appointees in
the department to consider the
domestic political aspects of a
problem. Mr.. Truman emphasized
this point by saying, you fellows
in the Department of State don't
know much about domestic
politics"
This is an important considera-
ton. If we sit here reading edi-
torials and looking at public
opinion polls and other reports
that cross our desks, we should
realize that this is raw, undigested
opinion expressed in the absence
of leadership. What the Ameri-
can people will do turns in large
degree on their leadership. We
cannot test public opinion until
the President and the leaders Of
the country have gone to the pub
lie to explain what is required and
have asked them for support for
the necessary action.
-. The processes of government
have sometimes been described as
struggle for power among those
holding public office. am con-
vinced that this is true only in
certain formal and bureaucratic
sense, having to do with appropri-
ations, job descriptions, trappingS
of prestige, water bottles and
things of that sort. There is an
other struggle of far more conse-
quence, the effort to diffuse or
avoid responsibility. Power gravi-
tateS to those who are willing to
make decisions and live with the
results, simply because there are
so many who readily yield to the
intrepid few who take their duties
seriously.
Evening star., 1961-03-12
U. S. Aid Funds Fight |||terocy In Turkey

ranks of trained reserve officers.
Commenting on the gruelling
eight-hour daily reading and writ
ing classes, one instructor said:
Its wonderful to see results
bloom right in front of your eyes
and to see how much difference
reading can make to a man who
has never known how to read or
write. But, confess, If I had to
be a permanent teacher in this
campaign against illiteracy, don't
know how long I could last"
Letter to His Wife
Like any soldier anywhere, the
Turkish CT likes to learn to write
so that he can send a letter home
to his girl or to his wife. But, all
too often. she has to take the
letter to the local muhtar or al
Evening star., 1961-03-12

derman and have it read to her.
Then she asks him to write down
her words in reply.
Cavus shyly confessed his first
letter was to Keziban-"my wife"
Can she read it?" he was
asked.
mo, not this one" Cavus said.
But a teacher has arrived in our
village who teaches children in
the days and their elders at night.
My wife goes to his reading and
writing class every evening. Soon,
before I am through with my
military service - Insallah God
willing)-not only will she read
my letters, she will write me her
own"
The armed forces campaign
against illiteracy was launched in
Evening star., 1961-03-12

April of 1859 and now is carried
on in Is specially equipped Gen.
tiers around the country.
The smallest of these centerS
can handle 400 trainees at one
six-week training stretch, the
largest up to 1900. Additional
construction of classrooms, dor
mitories and administration
buildings is under way at all 16
centerS.
It's widely recognized that the
armed forces program will have
to continue for years to come.
That is one reason United States
aid contributed toward this prof.
ect has gained special favor in
the eyes of Turks-even those not
directly benefitting from the pro-
gram.
Evening star., 1961-03-12

attitudes of a United Nations dele
gate who experiences difficulty in
finding adequate housing in New
York City, or of a foreign diplomat
in similar circumstances in our
Capital. can easily be directed
against the United States and all
it stands for.
Dozens of seemingly small mat
ters go wrong al over the world.
Sometimes those who know about
them are too far down the line to
be able to do anything about
them. I would hope that we could
create the recognition in the de-
partment and overseas that those
who come across little things going
wrong have the responsibility for
bringing these to the attention of
those who can do something about
them.
Evening star., 1961-03-12

questions which fall within his
range Of responsibility.
His first Thoughts is about the
question itself: Is there a question
here for American foreign policy,
and, if so, what is it? For he
knows that the first and some
times most difficult job is to know
what the question is-that when
it is accurately identified it some
times answers itself, and that the
way in which it is posed frequently
shapes the answer.
Chewing it over with his COL
leagues and in his own mind, he
reaches a tentative Identification
of the queStion-tentative because
it may change as he explores it
further, and because, if no toler-
able answer can be found, it may
have to be changed into one which
can be answered.
Meanwhile, he has been think
ing about the facts surrounding
the problem, facts which he knows
can never be complete, and the
general background, much of
which has already been lost to
history. He is appreciative of the
expert help available to him and
draws these resources into play,
taking care to examine at least
some Of the raw material which
underlies their frequently policy
oriented conclusions. He knows
that he must give the expert his
place but he knows that he must
also keep him in it.
The Alternate Actions
He is already beginning to box
the compass of alternative lines Of
action, including doing nothing.
He knows that he is thinking
about action in relation to a fu-
ture which can be perceived but
dimly through a merciful fog. But
he takes his bearings from the
great guidelines of policy, well
established precedents, the COM
mitments of the United States
under international charters and
treaties, basic statutes, and well
understood notions of the Ameri-
can people about how we are to
conduct ourselves, in policy liter
ature such as country papers and
National Security Council papers
accumulated in the Department.
He must think of others who
have a stake in the question and
in its answer. Who should be
consulted among his colleagues
in the Department or other de-
partmentS and agencies of the
Government? Which American
Ambassadors could provide helpful
advice? Are private interests Suf-
ficiently involved to be consulted?
What is the probable attitude of
other governments, includin g
those less directly involved? How
and at what stage and in what
sequence are other governments
to be consulted?
If action is indicated, what kind
of action is relevant to the prob
lem? The selection of the wrong
tools can mean waste at best, and
at worst an unwanted inflamma-
ton Of the problem itself, Can the
President or the Secretary act
under existing authority, or will
new legislation and new money be