davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-07-21

Working Classes), Issued by
Pope Leo XIII on May Is,
1891:
Proclaimed the priority of
man and his family over the
State.
Condemned not only Mar
xist communism and social
ism, but also monopoly capi-
talism and industrial slavery.
Socialism was labeled a viola
ton Of mans natural right to
own property.
Asserted that every worker
has a right to a living wage.
Held that workers have a
right to form unions, TO en-
gage in collective bargaining,
and to strike for just cause.
Said that the State has a
special duty to care for and
protect the workers, and that
the law should step in to right
injustiees and settle strikes
detrimental TO the common
good
CALLED FOR SOCIAL
INSURANCE provisions so as
TO give effective aid mot only
in cases of accident, but also
in sickness. old age, and dis
tress."
AMMO
ION demonstrating the So
clal ORDER, issued by Pope
Plus XI on May Is, 1881:
Upheld Rerum Novarum as
"the Magma Charta upon
which all Christian activity
in the social field ought to be
based"
Reiterated that true So
cialism is utterly foreign to
Christian truth" as its con.
cept of life is material rather
than spiritual.
CONDEMNED IN Ovid
UALISTlc CAPITALISM and
unrestrained monopoly for
crushing the mass OF mankind
with ''hardships and Difficult.
ties"
Asserted that ''the work
er must be paid a wage suf-
fieient TO support him and
his family"
Declared il IAN intolerable
abuse, and TO be abolished at
all cost, for mothers on ac-
count of the fathers low wage
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-07-21
Less Work
For Father

HOKKAIDO, Japan-"If you
can't beat 'em, join EN-" is
an old adage put to good use
by a young missioner here.
After futile efforts to keep
his yellow station wagon clean
on the dusty, dirt roads, Mary
knoll Father Joseph E. Luck
ey, MN, of Cincinnati, gave
in. He had the station wagon
painted a nice dull, mud
color.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-07-21
EncycIical Shows :.

eminent intervention for the
sake OF social welfare.
4. Most timely is the urg-
ent call for aid to develop
ing nations, not only as a
duty of justice and charity,
but also as an essential safe
guard of world peace. At
the same time, the Pope
warns these nations of their
own duties to take positive
action for the general well
fare, not to stand idly by in
the face of exploitation and
gross disparity in wealth and
income,
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-07-21

Continued from page y
would establish a committee
10 keep Americans informed
of the plight of the captive
nations and 10 suggest means
Of attempting 10 do some
thing 10 eeunisraef the com
munisf influence and domino.
sien In these countries.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-07-21

same raw of justice admitted
and adhered to by all"
The Pope then declared:
Mutual trust among men and
nations cannot begin nor in
crease except by the recogni-
ton and respect of the moral
order" This can only be
established he said, in the
recognition of the existence
of God.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1961-07-21
THIRD IN GREAT TRILOGY

The new e~ncyclical of His Holiness Pope John
John XIII was drawn up to commemorate anniver-
saries of two major papal documents dealing with the
social order. Here are main points of the three:
RERUM NOVARUM ION the Condition of the
Evening star., 1961-11-21
European Observers Fear q Reaction
From World Groups Policy in Africa

ROME-The attempt Of the
United Nations to clean up
the jungle may result in the
jungle's engulfing us. This
was the general comment in
Italy when the news came
that Is Italian airmen had
been killed in Kivu Province
by Savages who call them
selves Congolese soldiers.
According to I t a / a n
sources, the rabble of some
1000 Congolese soldiers"
were assisted and guided by
another type of mercenaries
than those in Katanga. They
were Communist agents who
had come from Egypt and
Ethiopia to direct the anti
colonialist" operations.
The well-intentioned words
expressed by the Italian top
government officials and
parliamentarians that these
sons of Italy died in a noble
cause" that they had been
sent for the noble United
Nations mission to help re-
store peace and order in the
Congo" did not go well with
the rank and file of the
italian people if the editor
ials, with the exception of
that of Communist Unita,
reflect the true sentiments of
this country.
A mistaken theology has
swept Europe and America
in the wake of anti-colonial-
ism, fostered and famed by
Moscow, cerning the
rights which the tribal peo-
pies Of the black belt of
Africa should have the right
to rule their own country
once they have not only
learned how but have edu-
Gated themselves enough to
be able to live with and deal
with civilized nations. This
should have been done slowly
and step by step.
Instead, in the former Bel
gian colony of the Congo the
Colonialists were rushed out
Of the country and some 8
million of the most backward
African Negroes were told
that henceforth they were on
their own.
The results were disastrous.
Their first leader was the
paranoic Patrice Lumumba
who easily fell into the
clutches of international
communism. The Congo or
ganized it's armed forces
when there was only one
Congolese with more mill
tary experience than that of
a corporal in the Belgian or
ganized police force.
These Congolese, who had
Evening star., 1961-11-21
Pocketbook Issues Are Called Stronger
With Voters Than Divorce or Religion

would be the Democratic
nominee. Much can happen
in So months, on both the
international and domestic
fronts.
This correspondent has
covered Is presidential cam
paigns and elections over a
span Of 48 years, and has
never become convinced that
personalities as such or the
handicapS or assets of So
called popularity had very
much to do with the out
come.
BaSically, the vast majority
of the people vote for or
against a candidate on eco
nomic, or what has often
been called "pocketbook, d"
issues. They vote also against
an administration which has
in any way been tainted with
fraud or scandal. They vote
in favor of an administration
that endeavors to keep the
peace - almost to the point
of peace at any price" They
are likely to vote afterwards
against an administration
which has plunged them into
war, and it doesn't seem to
matter too much that re-
sponsibility for the war was
clearly on the enemy side.
To this day, one hears
Republicans on the stump
accusing the Democratic ad-
ministrations of having been
in some way responsible for
American entry into three
wars"-World War I, World
War II, and the Korean War.
Going back to 1920, when
James M. Cox was the presi-
Dental nominee and was de-
feated overwhelmingly, there
was little question at the
time that he was far more
able than Warren Harding,
the successful Republican
nominee. But the people,
especially the returning
soldiers, were in a resentful
mood about World War I, and
the economic condition of the
country in 1920 was far from
good. This was blamed on
the Democratic administra-
ton in power. The fact that
Mr.. Cox was a divorced man
was known, out it probably
didn't influence many voters,
as it was scarcely mentioned
in the campaign.
Evening star., 1961-11-21
CONSTANTINE BROWN
The JungIe's Threat to u. N.

Noise Tshombe, whose aim Il
to maintain prosperity and to
keep law and order with the
assistance of the whites, may
be described as a sign of
our age" His white military
advisers who have not only
helped prevent chaos in
Katanga but prevented Congo
forces from taking over the
Congo, are described with
contempt as "mercenaries." ."
1t was unfortunate that the
United Nations should ac-
tually send forces to over
throw the Tshombe govern
ment and even more un-
fortunate that the Irish and
Indians who formed the blue
helmet contingents were de-
feated by these well organized
men. The Katanga forces had
little to fight with. Their air
force was one training plane
from which bombs were
dropped by hand.
1t is expected that the
same pressures used against
the Belgians will now be used
multifold against the Portu-
guese who still refuse to make
Angola into another Congo.
Other parts of Central and
South Africa may have the
same fate. If this continues,
the fears Of many Europeans
that the jungle will engulf us,
particularly in the U. N, may
become a reality.
Evening star., 1961-11-21
DAVID LAWRENCE

Do the majority Of the vot-
ers in America cast their bal
lots on the basis Of personal
preiudice-without regard to
the eapability Of the candi-
date or his integrity?
On reading the speculative
analyses written in the last
few days by able reporters of
public-opinion trends who
have contacted leading poll
ticians. one is forced to the
conclusion that, no matter
how qualified a man may be
for the presidency, it hurts
him with large segments of
the electorate if he happens
to have been divorced.
Religion is another "hot
potato" in politics. The last
presidential election was
widely reported to have been
largely influenced by debate
over the religious question in
various States. Public-opin-
ion polls indicated that many
persons would vote for John
F. Kennedy because he was
Catholic. and a large number
indicated they would vote
against him for the same
reason.
Divorce has long been
frowned upon by the Catholic
Church, and hence some of
the politicians think more
Catholic votes might swing
to President Kennedy if his
opponent is a divorced man.
But what possible connection
can there really be between
such personal matters as re-
ligion or divorce. on the one
hand, and the ability Of a
man. on the other, to serve
his country better than the
opposing candidate who hap
pens not to be involved in
such personal questions?
The politicians who have
been interviewed in the last
few days-almost all of them
anonymously-express puz-
element over the issue of di-
vorce as a political factor.
Some say it would hurt Gov.
Rockefeller's chances, and
some say it wouldn't.
The 1864 election, however.
is a long way off. Actually. it
is So months before the big
contest in which President
Kennedy. or conceivahly Vice
President Lyndon Johnson,
Evening star., 1961-11-21
AVID LAWRENCE
Personalities and the Presidency

The idea that Dwight Eli
senhower won in 1852 and
1856 because Of his personal
popularity as a war general
has never been accepted by
this writer as a valid thesis.
Instead, the defeat Of the
Democrats in 1852 was due
to the policies of the Tru-
man administration in the
previous seven years. The
slogan Communism, Korea
and Corruption" modified
more votes against Adlai
Stevenson than the fact that
he was divorced or that Gen.
Eisenhower was personally
popular. .
So far as personal life is
concerned, there we're those
who once said Grover Cleve-
land, when Governor of New
York, could never be elected
President. After he was NOM
mated in 1884, the charge
was brought out in the open
in the presidential campaign
that, though a bachelor, he
was the father of a child. He
met the attack forthrightly
and admitted that he didn't
know whether he was the
father or not but said he
would make provision for the
child. He won the preSi-
Dental election, anyhow.
Incidentally, the analysts
Of the political parties SOON
er or later will begin to size
up the divorce vote" There
are estimated to be about 20
million men and women in
America who have been di-
vorced. So it will not be
easy for the politicians to
determine whether divorced
people, If this were made an
issue, might in resentment
start switching parties so as
to defend the view that a
divorced man is not ineligible
for high office.
If President Kennedy man
ages with honor to keep this
nation out of war, and if the
economic condition of the
country is good in November,
1864, he will certainly be re-
elected. If he has bungled
on foreign policy or if I'M
employment has risen sub
stantially. If will not matter
much who the Republican
candidate is, for the coun-
try will vote against the in
cumbent Democratic admin
stration.
Copyright, 1861
Evening star., 1961-11-21
RALPH McGILL

After q sort Of preamble.
this gets around to China and
Russia
Freedom today has great
military strength.
But as a European diplomat
long ago observed: THE
trouble today is that the
Communist world under
stands unity, but not liberty,
while the free world under
stands liberty but not unity.
Eventual victory may be won
by the first Of the two sides
to achieve the synthesis of
both liberty and unity"
It Is this which concerns
the man in the White House.
He spends many hours in his
thinking chair (the old
fashioned rocker) on this
vital problem Of how to
achieve synthesis of liberty
and unity.
Almost daily we witness
the painful spectacles of two
free nations being very far
apart on issues. 1t is comfort
ing to know that If war were
to come we would find i'm
mediate unity. But the
tornado-like forces Of revolu-
ton loose in the world do
not really permit the luxury
Of non-unity.
The free nations often are
at odds-as, for example, are
France and the United States
and Great Britain on negoti-
ations with Russia, France,
pushed toward an Algerian
decision by President de
Gaulle's eloquence and force
of will, opposes negotiations
Italy, on the sidelines, can
not make up her mind. West
Germany is politically rent,
Evening star., 1961-11-21
Syriun Premier
Up for Parliament

DAMASCUS, Syria, Nov. 81
(AP) DIR. Mamoun Kuzbari,
Premier of Syria since it's break
away from the United Arab
Republic in September, has
resigned to stand as a candidate
for Parliament in the national
elections.
DR.. Kuzbari was the sixth
cabinet minister to resign in
the past few days-five to stand
for election and one because of
i'll health.
Deputy Premier Izzar Nuss
was named to head the interim
government. The election is
December /.
Mr.. Nuss formed a new To-
man cabinet including seven of
DR.. Kuzbari's ministers and
three newcomers.
Evening star., 1961-11-21
DORIS FLEEsoN
Women Raise CIomor for Equal Access
To Interview at National Press Club

Edmund Burke once said
that where there is abuse
there ought to be clamor. |"
Because the accredited news
paperwomen of Washington
are not being given equal
access to news. they are again
compelled to clamor, this
time in connection with the
visit Of Chancellor Adenauer
of Germany.
The stand taken by the
women reporters is simple
and intelligible. They say
that when heads of state
and famous foreign visitors
come here to be guests Of the
President and people of the
United States, all the ac-
credited press should have
the same chance to hear
them state their case and, If
they will, answer questions.
The stage is there - tn
State Department auditorium
or one Of the big banquet
halls of the hotels. The
women reporters have been
cleared by a jury Of their
peers in the Congressional
press galleries and by the
White House press secretary.
Yet again the Mems Ma
tional Press Club has been
permitted by the administra-
ton to monopolize the dis
tinguished visitor who will
spend only two days here.
The Mems National Press
Club invariably refuses to
allow their women colleagues
Evening star., 1961-11-21

been accustomed to using
bows and arrows and spears,
Immediately went amok when
they were handed rifles and
machineguns. Under the
guidance and inspiration of
Lumumba the most savage
crimes Of rape and murder
were committed against the
whites who had remained,
most of them missionaries.
Little notice was given to
these atrocities in the West
ern press. Few people know of
the incident in which a
priest seized on the street was
hacked to death piece by
piece to the amusement of the
natives.
There were few who dared
mention the fact that these
people we're not only back
ward but actual savages and
that it would take at least
another half-century of
careful guidance before they
would be capable of self
government.
With the present compost
ton Of the United Nations,
where the Afro-Asian bloc
under the thumb of the Com
muniSt bloc has a definite
majority, there was little
chance of preventing the
chaos in the Congo and
neighboring new countries.
The present indignation of
the highly civilized Western
countries against Katanga s
Evening star., 1961-11-21

to attend such affairs. What
it meanly and grudgingly
does do is permit them to
creep into a small corner of
the balcony provided they ask
politely in writing for this
sop. Few oblige them.
The Mems Club was baked
twice. Soviet Premier
Khrushchev, an alert poll
tician, got wind of the dis
pute. He said he would
speak only to all newspaper
reporters, without regard for
race, creed, color, place Of
national origin or sex. Presi-
dent de Gaulle Of France also
met the press at an open con-
ference for accredited mem
bers of the corps.
President Kennedy or Sec
retary of State Rusk could
remedy the gross inequity in
one stroke. Either one has
only to suggest to the Am
bassador of the country
whose chief will be here that
in this free democratic coun-
try discrimination by reason
Of sex, including within the
press, should be avoided.
The President has pro-
fessed himself confused by
the situation. He would not
be confused at all, were he
again a reporter and one
making his living at it, If
the mems National Press
Club, instead Of barring
women from luncheons for
heads of state, hung up a
Evening star., 1961-11-21
Adenuuer News Farley an Issue

sign saying: mo Roman
Catholics Allowed"
The Secretary's timidity is
almost more unjust. The
State Department leans heav-
lily upon the women reporters
of the Capital for that kind
of personal coverage Of for
eign guests and the diplo-
matte corps which makes
them feel happy and wanted.
Vastly more attention is paid
the diplomatic corps here in
the women's pages than on
the front pages. Many would
feel forlorn indeed without
such attentions.
The situation has been
much distorted by the fact
that the mems National Press
Club specifically seems ar
rayed against the Women's
National Press Club. Wash
ington is one Of the rare
cities in the world where the
distinction is so rigidly man
tained.
It lends itself to ridicule,
the ancient weapon which
men have used so long and
we'll against the emancipation
Of women.
For example, the present
president of the Mems Ma
tional Press Club is not a
reporter but a circulation en-
ploye. He is not and could
not be accredited to the
congressional press galleries
nor to the White House cor
respondents. The newspaper
women do not of course care.
All they want is the admin
istration to stop being neu-
tral against them.
Evening star., 1961-11-21
RALPH McGILL
Variety Key to Liberty's Success

nual cash income is now
around 5000. In China it is
less than $50. This helps ex-
plain the fever of the Sino
revolution. The more Soviet
income increases, the more
determined will its leaders be
to push their Marxist fervor
by means other than war.
Forty, even 80 years ago, Rus
sia was as militarily aggres-
Sive as China today.
This Chinese attitude was
one of the several reasons
why Stalin's mummy was re-
moved from the tomb. If the
Chinese were determined to
preach and act Stalinism,
then it would not do to have
Stalin's body side-by-Side in
honor with Lenin's. Stain
ism now is equated with mur-
der and personal unworthi-
ness. Mr.. Khrushchev, in
effect, put this symbol on
Mao's back.
The greatest danger to
Moscow's basic strength lies
in the possibility of a real,
hostile break by the Chinese.
1t is on developments in this
field that much of the world
waits with a sort of breath
lessness.
And for the United States?
We face two very grave
dangers:
One is that the NATO alli-
ance should be broken by the
withdrawal Of France-or any
other member. COR, more dis
astrous, the decline of the
French government. into
chaos.)
The second is the refusal of
this country'S business and
political community to under
stand the ultimate meaning
of the Common Market. Fail
ure here could hurt us as
much as a nuclear bomb.
Evening star., 1961-11-21
Possible Split in NATO and Blindness
To Common Market Held Biq PeriIs

and in opposition to negoti-
ations.
This awkard lack Of unity
welcomes undoubted diff
ferences between the Soviets
and the Red Chinese. That
they exist is unquestioned.
Nonetheless, the hopeful
would do well to curb
excesses of wishful thinking.
But we watch developments,
with hope. (Would it not be
odd if, say five years from
now, the Russians and the
West were allied against
China?)
For, it is not really the
bombs which most disturb
us. 1t is the overall military
and economic potential of
communism. We are not to
be .undone at home by spies,
fellow travellers or their kind.
These we can handle. 1t is
armed communism whose in
dustrial output Is rising,
which confronts us in the
world. We cannot overcome
or contain it with arms alone.
The geographic expansion
Of communism strains credu-
lity. In early 1949 the Soviets
controlled the vast expanSe
of the USSR, plus the central
European satellites acquired
after the war with cynical,
ruthlessly shrewd machi-
nations. ct is not exactly
cheering to look at the map
and see that Western Europe
actually is a large, errat-
ically-f o r m e d-a n d-shaped
peninsula of the huge land
mass which includes all of
Russia, China, India and the
many other smaller append
ages.)
In Russia the average an
Evening star., 1961-11-21
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

photographer gets $500 for picture of Jacqueine
Kennedy being thrown from horse Title: The Head-Frst
Lady"
Senator Jacksons committee says the Government has
too many people handling crises Well when you figure
that need two shifts to get out of roube-and
to get us in
Writer'S glossary: Let's face it'll state the problem
You worry about it.
Fifty California Democrats pay 81 900 each to have cock
tails with President Kennedy. may be true candi
date said in 60 that II million Americans bed hungry
but that doesn't that Democrats have to to bed
thirsty
Evening star., 1961-11-21
ECONOMY PLEA
GETS RESULTS
BY the Associated Press

Verne B. Lewis, a State
Department official con-
cerned with cutting costs,
suggested at a staff meet
ing that the number of
outside telephone lines be
reduced. He got action.
The next day when Mr..
Lewis, Deputy Assistant
Secretary for Budget and
Finance, tried to make a
call, he found that all
three Of his Offices out
side lines had been closed
down.
The departments news
letter reported yesterday
Mr.. Lewis is now making
use of a public pay phone.
Evening star., 1961-09-04
WORDS, WIT
AND WISDOM
FREDDY
UNCLE CHARLIE
SCAMP
By WILLIAM MORRIS

@. In the course of a recent
automobile trip we stopped at
a rather respectable appearing
restaurant with our two chill
dren. Beside the table was a
very elaborate chromium de-
vice for selecting records to be
played over loud speakers. I
believe the name for this sort
of, contraption is "jukeboX."
Most of the selections named
on the machine sounded dread
full, but the children were in
siStent that they be allowed to
play something, so I permitted
them to insert a dime and
choose SOM thing labeled
"Muskrat Ramble." 1t seemed
to me that this would be q
pleasant little tune, suitable for
children, perhaps telling the
story of a muskrat's rambles in
the woods, Something like
Peter and the Wolf"
thought.
To my astonishment a very
raucous, jazzy sound blare &
from the machine and it wasn't
until three or four minutes
later that peace and quiet was
restored. Now perhaps this is 6
bit out of your field, but car
you tell me where on earth
this combination of racy noist
and innocent title came from
While you're about it, just
where does the "jukeboX
name come from, Per.
picked Mother, Akron, Ohio.
A. I'm afraid nothing wa
further from the mind of tht