davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1961-05-25
Telegram Urges:
Hold Riders for
500 BuIIdozers

MONTGOMERY, Ala, May
25 (AP) Gov. John Patter-
sons mail is running ISL in
favor of his position on the
Freedom Riders, an aide says.
Executive Secretary Joe Rob-
ertson estimated the mail at
600 letters and 1000 kilograms,
representing almost all the
States. since racial rioting and
tension broke out May IA.
A telegram from Nashville,
Tenn, suggested that Alabama
should hold the Freedom Elders
for a ransom of 500 bulldozers,
an obvious reference to Fidel
Castro's offer to trade prisoners
for bulldozers.
Then maybe you could get
somewhere with our courageous
Federal authorities" the sender
said,
Evening star., 1961-05-25

successfully combating juvenile
delinquency"
He added that if the age limit
of juvenile offenders we're re-
duced, it would turn first
offenders into hardened GRIM
inals" and wipe out any chance
of their rehabilitation.
District Court, Mr.. Acheson
said, would have to add two
more Federal judges to handle
the additional load of juvenile
felony cases 1t would get. He
said it also would require two
more United States attorneys.
Says Judges Are Qualified
Mr.. Acheson also criticized a
section of the Davis bill which
would enable Municipal Court
judges to hear juvenile cases
in an effort to reduce the
courts current backlog. He
said Municipal Court judges
lack specialized training in
juvenile matters and are not
eager to change places"
Mr.. Davis, however, attempted
to tear down this argument.
He pointed out that from
See JUVENILE, Page ALI
Evening star., 1961-05-25

Mr.. Farmers memo said in
part.
Throughout the Nation we
can end segregation in bus,
train and airline terminals if
we are willing to make the
sacrifices involved.
Appeal Rejected
These are sacrifices of your
time. your money and your
safety. The decision to act
must be made calmly and de-
liberately with full knowledge
of the risks and opportunities. "
The memo was forwarded to
CORES regional leaders and
members of its National Ad-
visory Committee despite the
appeal of Attorney General
Robert F. Kennedy for a cool
ing-off" period on the bus
trips.
Roy wilkins, executive sec
retary of the National Associa-
ton for the Advancement Of
Colored People, also rejected
the idea of a cooling-off
period.
There can be no cooling
off period in the effort to OBJ
tain ones citizenship rights" p"
Mr.. wilkins commented at
NAACP headquarters in New
York, the AP said.
"The effort must go on con-
See RACIAL, Page AS
Evening star., 1961-05-25
Tax Angle Hit
InTractor Deal
Senute to Probe
Deduction Rights
BY J. A. O'LEARY
Star Staff Writer

The Kennedy administration
faces a Senate investigation
into its right to grant a tax
deduction to individuals who
contribute to the Tractors for
Freedom fund.
Senator Harry F. Byrd. Dem
ocrat of Virginia, chairman OF
the Finance Committee. an
nounced that several members
of the committee have request
ed him to make a thor
ough inquiry into the pro-
posal.
The Byrd announcement was
the highlight Of a mixed recep-
ton at the Capitol for the
Presidents Endorsement yester-
day of the drive to collect phi
vate funds to meet Ffdel
Castro's offer to exchange 1900
invasion prisoners for 500 trac-
tors.
Calls II Distortion"
Senator Byrd said in his
opinion it is "a distortion of
existing law" to call contribu-
tions to this fund charitable
deductions.
They should be regarded as
blackmail, and as blackmail
how can they be treated as tax
deductions?" asked Senator
Byrd. The Virginian indicated
that his committee would have
See TRACTORS, Page Al
Evening star., 1961-05-25

segregation in Southern airline
and railroad terminals as well
as bus stations.
The 81 racially mixed Free
dom Riders were taken to the
Jackson jail yesterday on
charges of violating Missis-
sippi's segregation laws.
They were arrested minutes
after they arrived in two sep
arate groups after a 225-mile
bus trip from Montgomery, Ala,
under heavy guard of both Ala
bama and Mississippi military
and police authorities.
Mass Rally Planned
The NAACP. offering to pro-
vide $1,000 bail for each of the
81, also announced a mass rally
here tomorrow to protest the
jailing of the riders.
James Farmer, one of the
jailed q. issued the call for
defiance of segrega-
ton in a memorandum sent
RIO mheadquarters of the Con-
gress of Racial Equality in New
York.
Mr.. Farmer. CORES national
telephoned the memo
randum to CORE headquarters
from Montgomery before he
left there yesterday for Jackson
in the second group of Freedom
Riders. the Associated Press re-
ported.
THE time to act is now, "
Evening star., 1961-05-25
Kennedy Spurs Moon Trip Drive
All But 100 u. S. MorshoIs.
Are OrderedOutof Alabama
BY MIRIAM GUTENBERG
Star Staff Writer

Attorney General Robert F.
Kennedy today ordered all but
100 of the deputy marshals on
duty in Alabama to return to
their homes.
His action came in the face
of a flat rejection from lead
ers of the Freedom Riders to his
appeal for a cooling off
period" by all parties.
Mr.. Kennedy had based his
appeal for travellers to delay
trips to Alabama and Missis-
sippi on the increasing posi-
bility" that innocent persons
might be injured.
"A mob" Mr.. Kennedy said,
asks no questions.
Today's action in withdraw
ing more than $50 of the Fed
eral officers who had been held
in an alert status at Maxwell
Air Force Base, outside Mont
gomery. Ala, indicated that Mr..
Kennedy believes that the i'm
mediate danger of mob action
has passed in both Alabama
and Mississippi.
Standing By
The deputy marshals had
been standing by in case of
need as two busloads Of Free
dom Riders moved from Ala
bama's capital city of Mont
gomery to Mississippi's capital,
Jackson.
The 100 deputies remaining
on duty, Mr.. Kennedy said, will
be available in case of emer-
gency. but he expressed hope
that they too can be withdrawn
at an early date.
In withdrawing most Of the
marshals and recalling Deputy
Attorney General Byron r.
White, who has been directing
Federal operations from Mont
gomery. Mr.. Kennedy also spoke
Of the right of people to dissent
and assemble and Ito have
their rights determined in the
court-not in the street."
Directed at All
Mr.. Kennedy's earlier care
fully worded appeal for a cool
ing-off period was directed at
every body and not any specific
group. including would-be Free
dom Riders.
1T would be wise" Mr.. Ken
nedy said, "for those trav-
cling through these two States
to delay their trips until
the present state of confusion
and danger has passed and an
atmosphere of reason and
normalcy has been restored"
But integration leaders quickly
turned a deaf ear to the appeal
and vowed to increase their ef-
forts to crack bus segregation |
in the Deep South despite the
jailing of 81 Freedom Riders in
Jackson, Miss.
After returning to his desk |
shortly after 9 am. today and
See JUSTICE, Page A-4
Evening star., 1961-05-25
Margaret Expects
Buby This Fall

LONDON, May Is (AP).-
Princess Margaret is expecting
her first baby in the fall, Ken
sington Palace announced to-
night.
The child will be fifth in line
of succession to the throne.
Princess Margaret and An
tony Armstrong Jones, then a
society photographer, became
engaged in 1860 and we're mar
ried May 6 of that year.
Maj. John Griffin, press Sec.
retary to the royal household.
said Princess Margaret and
her husband are delighted"
The Princess is 80, her hus-
band 81.
Evening star., 1961-05-25
II jailed Riders Reject
NAACP Offer of Bail
Negroes Urged to Step Up Defence
Of Segregation at Air, Train Terminals
By CECIL HOLLAND
Star staff Writer

JACKSON, Miss, May 25.-Twenty-seven jailed Freedom
Riders today refused offer of the National Association for
Advancement Coored People to provide bail for them
At the same time statement issued in New York
the name of the Jailed riders urged Negroes to defy
Evening star., 1961-05-25
COOKING-OUT
SEASON STARTS

FIRE UP thot charcoal grill and
go to work on the cook -out recipes
suggested by Violet FouIkner, food
editor Of The Star, on Pose C-l.
PROGRESS on Washington oreu
rood building projects ond troffie
conditions neor them ore reported
on PoSe c-l8.
Evening star., 1961-05-25
Witnesses Criticize Bill
To Alter Youth Court
Davis Defends Move for Big Changes;
Acheson Says U. S. Opposes Measure
BY JOHN McKELWAY
star staff Writer

Two witnesses failed to shake House District subcom
mttee today from its position that sweeping changes
in order in the treatment Of local juveniles.
The subcommittee headed by Representative Davis,
Democrat of Georgia. opened hearings the Davis bill
which would wipe out the youth courts autonomy reduce
Evening star., 1961-05-25

hold good jobs and live in decent homes
have turned their backs on him, He and
thousands like him comprise what is-for
want of better term-the lower class of
Negroes.
That the Negro has distinct classes,
with all of the accompanying friction and
antagonism that the word implies, should
come as no surprise. There are class struc-
lures in all groups Within the Negro popu-
Evening star., 1961-05-25
Asks Big Boost
In Funds for
Space, Defense
Congress Prodded
On Foreign Aid,
Hell p for JobIess
By GARNETT ID. HORNER
Star staff Writer

President Kennedy today laid
before Congress a program
aimed at capturing the lead
in the space race and rocket
ing a man to the moon within
the next 10 years at an extra
cost of between 81 billion and
SO billion over the next five
years.
The President also called for
measures to beef up the Army
Text Of President Kennedy's Message
to Congress. Poge AS
and Marine Corps for fighting
non-nuclear wars anywhere in
the world, strengthen civil de-
fense, increase foreign aid and
combat unemployment at home.
Mr.. Kennedy submitted his
proposals to strengthen the
fight for freedom and peace
against the Communist threat
in a special state-of the
Union message he delivered
personally before Joint ses-
sion Of the Senate and House.
Asks Budget Increase
His proposals called for budg-
let increases of S1.4 billion. in
Guiding a total of $679 million
extra for the first year of the
stepped-up effort in space. OF
the $679 million space program
boost, $531 million would be
for the moon project.
Other extra funds asked in
.cluded $285 million for mili-
tary aid, $3.50 million for a spe-
cial foreign aid contingency
funds. $100 million to help
modernize the Army, and $50
million for the Marine Corps.
Budget Director David E.
Bell. taking a different ap-
proach than the figures in the
Presidents message, said the
actual spending increase pro-
posed for the 1862 fiscal year
as distinct form appropriations
amounted to $724 million.
This would raise the Govern
ment's estimated expenditures.
for the next fiscal year to $84,-I
983, 100000 with a prospective
deficit of $3.5 billion, plus
whatever civil defense ex-
penditures are decided upon.
This could amount to another
5000 million.
Asks Self Restraint
The President touched briefly
on his aims in his scheduled
meeting with Soviet Premier
Khrushchev in Vienna June 3
and 4. He said it is important
that Our opponents" should
know that "our determination
to protect our security is reso-
Lutte"
While he will undertake no
negotiations with the Soviet
Premier, he said Eve will make
clear that Americas enduring
concern is for both freedom
and peace"
To meet the Communist
challenge around the world Mr..
See KENNEDY, Page ALI
Evening star., 1961-05-25
rIF VLIHArHH1. Full Report
IHE VEAL TEN. on Pase 81

Districtan vicinity-Increasing cloudinesS
tonight. low near so. Scattered showers
with chance of a thunderstorm and be-
coming cooler tomorrow, high in mid 70s.
High and low of last "a hours: High, SO, at
2 pm. today; low, 81, at $50 am. today.
Evening star., 1961-05-25

This series result of four months Of interviews with
hundreds Of Negroes in all woIks Of lite.
Evening star., 1961-05-25
@ 1851 by The WASHINGTON Star
BY HAYNES JOHNSON
Star Staff Writer

The Negro at the lowest level of. income
and education feels cut off not only from
society but from many within his own race.
He is the true outsider in Washington.
He believes that those in his race who
Evening star., 1961-05-25

Text Of President Kennedy's Message
to Congress. Poqe AS
Evening star., 1961-07-11

economical than the gross return on
traffic tanning out to more distant parts
Of the country. The effort to keep pas
senger service in the black by increasing
fares has reduced patronage while all
costs, including labor, have gone up. In
recent years, maintenance and mod
ernization have been cut to a bare
minimum-which may or may not be a
mistake attributable to management
judgment.
But stating some Of the aspects of
the problem is easier than finding a
solution. Four States served by the line
have offered some tax relief, but the
Federal Government has decided the
carrier does not qualify for an emer-
gency loan under present law. There is
no certainty that the pending reorgani-
cation will provide a permanent answer.
If there is certainty of anything, it is
that the road must be continued in
business by some combination of private
and public effort-and that a compar-
able formula may soon be needed to
keep other rail carriers in operation.
Evening star., 1961-07-11
In Balance on Paper

On paper, the House Appropriations
Committee has proposed a balanced
budget which would enable the District
to get by in the coming fiscal year. In
reality, however, its package proposal
contains about as many questions for
the future as 1t answers for the present.
Virtually the only ray of sunshine
is the $30-million Federal payment-$5
million higher than the House commit
tee ever has recommended before. This
is commendable step toward a more
equitable assumption Of Congress re-
Sponsibility to the Nations Capital and
we commend the committee for taking
1t. 1t is not, of course, enough. We
hope the House may come closer to the
$37 million which the District in all fair
ness is seeking, or, failing that, that the
Senate Appropriations Committee will
raise the $S0-million amount.
On the other side Of the coin, the
committee strongly supports pending
legislation under which District taxpay-
erS pick up the tab for at least $12 mil
lion in increased taxes and an addi-
tional $4.4 million in borrowings load
which still would require the postpone
ment Of some $40 million worth of
planned public works improvements. The
amount Of the tax increase, however, is
by no means firm. If Congress should
fail to enact the tax increases approved
by the House, with or without additional
increases proposed and pending in the
Senate, the public works program would
have to be trimmed even more sharply. AS
practical matter, the tax story Is yet
to unfold, and not until it fully is told
will the status of the works program
or the precise amount Of the budget
fully be known.
Perhaps the most disappointing
aspect Of the entire dilemma is that the
District budget once again is emerging
as piece of stopgap, emergency legiS-
lation. Somehow, we suppose, the city
will manage to struggle through the
1862 fiscal year. But the seeds already
have been planted for the recurrence of
a similar fiscal crisis of equal or greater
proportions next year. It had been the
Commissioners hope that this would be
avoided, that Congress this year would
bring the budget to such condition that
in future years the needs of the city
could be provided from current revenues
on a planned and orderly basis. It is
becoming more apparent by the day
that, no matter what else happens, this
goal is not likely to be met until Con-
gress chooses more realistic procedure
in meeting the needs of the Capital City
by willingness to meet its own share of
the cost.
Evening star., 1961-07-11
Sane Finuncinq

There is considerable merit in the
package of more than $11 billion in new
tax revenues as signed into law by the
President to continue the orderly con-
Struction of the national system of
interstate highways toward completion
by 1872
In the final congressional action
the Senate confereeS won their fight
to delay for one year the transfer of
$143 million in taxes to the highway
trust fund from general tax revenues.
AS far as highway construction is con-
cerned, this is nothing to worry about.
With total trust fund revenues next
year expected to exceed So billion, the
loss of $143 million should have little
impact. At the same time, the Senate
victory accompliSheS the commendable
goal of averting a further deficit in
general revenues. Next year, in fact, 1t
will be no surprise If administration
forces again attempt to foreStall this
diversion by substituting some alterna-
tive proposal.
Evening star., 1961-07-11
Treasure Hunt

The Nations First Lady, youthfully
attractive Jacqueline Kennedy, obviously
has "Struck 1t rich" in her search for
furnishings and art related to early
American history, particularly to the
White House and its residents Of long
ago. For this, the Nation itself should
be sincerely pleased and the members of
the Fine Arts Committee for the White
House, Of which she is not only honorary
chairman but an active participant,
merit an approving "well DONE"
In its announcement on Independ-
ence Day, a happily appropriate date
for pauSing to look back upon the Amer
ican scene, the commission listed find
ings from the personal possessions Of five
Presidents-from Washington to Lincoln
and an extensive collection of other
hiStory-laden pieces loaned, donated or
discovered. Their restoration, where
necessary, and their display in the presi-
dental mansion should fulfill in large
measure the objective of making the
White House "a museum of our coun-
try's heritage"
It does not seem out of place, in
cidentally, to speculate on the likelihood
that this particular activity by the First
Lady must be great fun along with being
real contribution to White House decor
of present and future. Surely for antique
lovers, whose numbers are legion, poking
around the storage rooms of the White
House and other Government-owned
hideawayS would be a paStime of sur
passing delight. We are glad that Mrs.
Kennedy had the idea and is having
the pleasure Of displaying her taste and
interest in such worthy fashion.
Evening star., 1961-07-11
Montgomery School Plan

tlonal help or give up their
positions because Of poten-
TALLY odd vacation schedules.
Louis S. Jaffe
Last month DR.. Taylor
Whittier came out with his
plan for staggering the
school year, so that the chill
dren attend three quarters
Of three months each, with a
one month vacation. At that
time, I was quoted in the
paper that I felt that the
plan showed much creative
thinking and was worthy of
study.
I have done much thinking
about it. Certainly there are
many advantages from the
point of view of the public
school system. However, I
have come to the conclusion
that I would actively oppose
the adoption of this plan for
Montgomery County. I am
convinced that its disadvan-
tageS to the school child far
outweigh the merits it may
have.
While a public school
education is most important
for a young person, there are
other areas Of living that
young people need for a we'll
rounded, well-balanced social.
educational, recreational and
spiritual life. This plan would
not give young people an op-
portunity for wholesome out
door living in a camp Situa-
ton. 1t would close the door
to young people for a sum-
mer in Europe. An eight-week
work-study tour. such as I
was privileged to lead last
year for 40 teenagers to Eu-
rope and Israel, would not be
possible.
What would happen to
some Of our young people
who usually spend a summer
at a music camp, or a dra-
matte camp, or a camp that
specializes in foreign Ian
guages2 These are enriching
experiences all young people
should have an opportunity
to have.
The summer also Is a time
when many young people can
earn money to save for
school. We have a number of
counselors in our day camp
who, without this summer
employment, would be unable
to attend college this fall.
These, and other reasons,
will compel me to take a
negative view Of DR.. Whit
tiers proposal.
TZyi H. POrath
Rabbi,
Montgomery County Jewish
Community, Inc.
Evening star., 1961-07-11
More Russian Arms

Anything which tends to promote
an arms race Is both disappointing and
potentially dangerous. Mr.. KhruShchev's
latest moves in this respect are no ex-
ception to the rule.
It does not seem to us, however, that
there is any very good reason for sur
prise or alarm. The change in Soviet
policy, as announced by Chairman Khru-
Shchev, takes two forms. One is an
increase Of about $3.4 billion in Russian
military spending. The other is a sus-
pension of a reported plan to reduce
Soviet military manpower by IL million
men. If these things can be taken at
face value, they will add up to a sub
Stantial strengthening of the already
powerful Russian military machine.
Mr.. KhruShchev's moves, however,
could well be reaction to Western
military stepS-the request for a So
billion increase in United States defense
spending, plans to otherwise strengthen
our own forces, the transfer of at least
one division Of French troops from
Algeria to Europe, etc. In this context,
the changes which Mr.. KhruShchev says
will be made in Soviet plans do not
necessarily signify an increased threat
of war.
The Pentagon seems to be taking the
news more or less in stride. Another
new look" at our own defense posture,
the third in recent months, will be taken.
The expectation that this will be
completed within a week, however,
hardly is indicative of an extensive re-
examination or Of deep concern. A little
more defense money may be sought for
use here and there, but no large military
buildup in this country seems to be in
prospect.
If this is the case, it is consistent
with the long established policy that
our defense establishment is designed
to be adequate to deal with the contin-
gencies which our planners think may
arise, and that 1t cannot be beefed up
or pared down depending upon whether
Mr.. KhruShchev happens to be blowing
hot or blowing cold. This is the only
rational policy, and one may welcome
the indications that it is being adhered
to in this instance.
Evening star., 1961-07-11
Sad HoIidoy

Here we are, living in the
supposedly sane world of the
goth century, in the United
States Of America, and the
week end of July 4th, which
is supposed to be Independ-
ence Day and a time of Joy
and celebration, has turned
into a national death day,
and all because of gross care
lesSness.
The highways could be
safe if people would only stop
to think and be more care
full. They aren't only killing
themselves but many of their
loved ones, as well as many
completely innocent victims.
Children are left alone in
the world as well as SCARED
and crippled for life. not to
mention the thousands Of
grown men and women left
SCARED and crippled. Is it
worth it? Indeed it is not.
I have worked in q hospital
and have seen many victims
Of senSeless accidents in
horrible and sometimes hope
less conditions. People don't
realize how terrible it really
is until it happens to them
and then most Of the time
it's too late.
What is going to be done
about It? Bob COrbel
Middleburg, Va.