davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Nome nugget. [volume] (Nome, Alaska) 1938-????, 1960-11-23
John F. Kennedy.

John F. Kennedy.
EisenhoWer's moves were de-
signed to reduce the deficit in the
us. balance of international pay
ments. The balance of payments
represents the difference between
the amount of money coming into
the country and the amount going
out.
In 10 Of the past II years, the
United States and its citizens
have paid out to foreigners more
than they've received. These de-
ficits have increased sharply in
the past three years, reaching
1913 billion in 1859.
Foreign governments and cen
trail banks normally wind up with
more than half of the dollars
which move overseas because of
the payments deficit. And since
they always use some of their
dollars to buy gold, big deficits
mean big sales of gold.
In the first half of 1860, the
US. payments deficit was shrink
ing. 1t dropped to an annual rate
of $2.7 billion on the strength Of
increased exports. Gold sales
slowed to a trickle-less than
5000 million for six months.
Then came a slackening in the
American economy while Europe
doomed. Interest rates were low
cred in an effort to stimulate
business. European rates were in
creased in a move to fight infla-
ton.
The result: Many Americans,
and Europeans with investments
here, decided Ito shift their money
to Europe in order to earn better
interest. This meant more dollars
moving overseas.
Triclkle Became A Flood
Almost overnight, the payments
picture changed dramatically. In
July, August and September, the
payments deficits increased to a
rate of $4.3 billion a year. The
trickle of gold became flood.
The Nome nugget. [volume] (Nome, Alaska) 1938-????, 1960-11-23
FIRST WINTER TOURISTS

First winter tourists of the sea-
son are Mr.. and Mrs. Floyd Bax-
ter of Hiram, Ohio, and Miss
Betty Shipp of Hickory, NC, who
arrived with Alaska Airlines at
noon today. An interesting visit
has been planned for them, in
Guiding a dog team ride, viewing
the winter parachute jump, and
several other things along with
the winter sights.
The Nome nugget. [volume] (Nome, Alaska) 1938-????, 1960-11-23
Dollar Is ''Cood AS Gold" AS Long As
Gold Price Remains At $35 An Ounce

sible because the dollar, literally,
is "as good as gold"
Uncle Sam stands ready at any
time to sell gold to other nations
in exchange for dollars. One is
as good as the other, so long as
the price of gold remains I'M
changed at $35 an ounce.
Will the dollar always be as
good as gold?
A few years ago, when FIT.
Knox was a joke, the question
wouldn't have been asked. The
United States then was an island
of prosperity in the postwar sea
of ruin.
Today, however, prospecting
Europe can afford us. gold and
is buying heavily. Some of the
buying seems to stem from I'M
certainty about the future of the
dollar.
Officials here won't concede
there has been any serious I'M
certainty in the foreign quarters
that count most governments and
their central banks.
Governments and central banks
are the only ones-except jewel
ry makers-who are permitted to
buy us. gold. Traditionally, they
buy gold with some of the dollars
they receive. However, in recent
months they have been using a
higher proportion of their dollars
to buy gold.
likes Emergency Measures
This appears to be sign of I'M
certainty-the sort of uncertain
tly that feeds upon itself. 1t
doubtless was one reason why
President Eisenhower last week
ordered emergency measures to
attack the problem = instead of
waiting nine weeks for the in
auguration of President elect
The Nome nugget. [volume] (Nome, Alaska) 1938-????, 1960-11-23
Cleanest Pigeon In Town

Cleanest Pigeon In Town
SACRAMENTO, Calf, R =
Gloria McGoWn opened her wash
ing machine, removed some
sheets-and the cleanest pigeon in
town.
The bird apparently had perch
ed inside the washer, in the Nc
Gowns open garage, before Mrs.
McGoWn put in the laundry. 1t
went through 80 agitating min
utes but Humane Officer Herbert
Dean said it rallied splendidly.
The Nome nugget. [volume] (Nome, Alaska) 1938-????, 1960-11-23
Grandmother at 80

UDINE, Italy, Up = Caterina
Tonizzo has become a grand
mother-at the age of 30.
She married and gave birth to
a daughter in 1915, when she was
Is. The daughter, Luciano, mar
ried last year, at ID, and gave
birth to baby girl Monday.
The Nome nugget. [volume] (Nome, Alaska) 1938-????, 1960-11-23

6ullOl > Mutt llG government
will announce this week that its
supply of gold has dropped be-
low $18 billion for the first time
since 1910. Some of the reasons
are discussed in this second of a
series of three articles by Frank
Cormier, Treasury Department
reporter for the Associated Press.
BY FRANK CORNER
WASHINGTON, up = A few
years ago, every comic in the
land was getting laughs by poking
fun at Uncle Sans seemingly
unlimited supply of gold.
Americans chuckled automat-
ically at every mention of the
bullion vaults at FIT. Knox, Ky.
Today, gold no longer is a
laughing matter.
In the past 315 months, other
nations have been buying U. S.
gold at the rate of more than 81
billion a year. The total Ameri-
can supply-$18 billions at a
20-year low.
Foreigners are able to buy
heavily because, in their dealings
with the United States, they are
receiving more dollars than they
can handily spend.
Some of the buying is normal.
Some is abnormal and ominous.
The free worlds economic ma
chine operates primarily on two
brands of gasoline: Gold and us.
dollars. Gold and dollars finance
world trade and are the ire
serves" that stand behind the
paper money of most non-Com-
munist countries. 4=..
Dollars SUBSTITUTE For Gold
Because there isn't enough gold
in the world to back up all the
money, the dollar has became an
acceptable substitute. This is pos
Evening star., 1960-08-29
Cuban Catholics RuIIy

HAVANA, Aug. 90 (AP).-
The Cuban Catholic Youth
Congress has expressed oppo-
sition to what it calls the sub
ordination of Cuba's sovereign
ty to any outside powers or in.
tereStS.
The Congress, attended by
more than 600 delegates on
Saturday night, in a statement
of principles pledged uncondi-
tionally loyalty to Cuba's Ro-
man Catholic Church.
The youths said respect to-
ward priests and their superb
ors, freedom of ministerial ac-
ton and inviolability of the
church "is Indispensable for the
full exercise of religious free
dom"
The statement made no men,
ton of Fidel Castro's charges
that priests are being used as
counter-revolutionary "pawns"
/ by the United States. The
prime minister lashed out at
the church after a pastoral
letter was issued August z
warning of Communist inroads
in Cuba.
Evening star., 1960-08-29
Kiss of Death From AFL-CIO?

tive bargaining-which sim
ply isn't so, as the present
laws guaranteeing the right
to organize would not be
changed.
Another paragraph in the
AFL-CIO's Endorsement of
Senator Kennedy has caused
a raising Of eyebrows among
many people who hitherto
have regarded that organiza-
tion as a staunch ally of the
anti-Communist cause in
America. The paragraph says:
"Quibbles over precise word
ing cannot conceal the fact
that Nixon impugned the
loyalty of a Congressman, a
nominee for the Senate, a
Secretary Of State and a
President of the United States
in his various electoral ad-
ventures.
This is all the more sur
prising because the AFL's own
statements were critical of the
failure Of various officials dur
ing the Truman administra-
tion to deal more vigorously
than they did with the Com
munists. To say now that
criticism of this kind "im-
pugned the loyalty" of any,
body is to indulge in a guilt
by-inference" technique which
the new AFL-CIO pronounce
ment itself processes to con-
denim.
One wonders If George
Meany really knew who was
behind the insertion Of that
paragraph in the AFL-CIO's
statement. For it doesn't
sound like anything he has
ever said in the past against
Communist activities in this
country or against those who
have pooh-poohed the Com
munist menace.
AS for the campaign Of
1850, which is so often the
pretext for criticizing the
kind Of speeches Mr.. Nixon
made about his opponents,
Admiral E. M. Zacharias, a
retired naval intelligence Of
f1cer. wrote a letter to the
New York Herald Tribune last
week pointing out what many
people have not known
namely, that the opponent Of
Mr.. Nixon in that campaign
had spoken from the same
platform with a known Com
munist. who organized the
meeting. and that it was this
which drew the fire of Mr..
Nixon at the time.
Copyright. 196O
Evening star., 1960-08-29
RALPH McGILL
The Africon-Student HussIe

dents from one country cnly.
Later, the answer said, it was
learned they would come from
several countries and so the
money was found and the
position reversed.
The student foundation de-
clared it already had the
money and was satisfied.
Senator Fulbright is after
the State Department for its
private handling of both the
refusal and reversal.
Senator Scott certainly
cannot be proud of his
violent, partisan attack. The
Importance of bringing $50
African students to the
United States is far greater
than any slight benefit
which may accrue to Senator
Kennedy's campaign.
To have this important
student program dragged in
to politics is not helpful to
the long-range needs of this
country. Foreign students
like to come here. This is es-
pecially true of African and
Asian students. They have
all seen pictures of the great
skyscraper skyline of New
York. They are attracted by
the vitality of the great
cities and the vastness of the
country as it unfolds before
a bus. train or aircraft
window.
Political partisans owe this
fact a little more thought.
That their entire preoccupa-
ton in this student issue
seems to have been with poll
tics does not give to the stu
dents who are to come a very
good idea of their welcome.
This story illustrates a very
serious problem. We very
much need to make the
American presence legiti-
mately felt" in Africa. We
can do so only through in
dividuals.
There is a place, for ex-
ample, for several hundred
teachers. The Soviets could
provide them overnight by
ordering them to be ready
and flying them in. We don't
want that sort of monolithic
efficiency. But we do need an
awareness of the fact that
we must encourage exchange
The political tempest over
the $50 students is unworthy
of those who have made it.
Evening star., 1960-08-29
POTOMAC FEVER
BY FLETCHER KNEBEL

Russia and Red China feud Communist doctrine.
Red China wants to bury but Khushchev prefers to
lean on his spade and about who dig faster
Nixon says KennedyS lin real trouble" in the South.
Nixon doesn't stay long enough to get in trouble In fact
Dixie is calling it "ft-n" campaign.
Lyndon johnson will open his campaign for Vice Presi
dent in Boston When he gets through Massachusetts won't
know whether the Texan is trying to i-or it,
Russians admit they won't be first with in space
They've just watched Americas John Thomas at the high
Jump crossbar.
Abstract art The of fellow who apparently had
something to say just before he sneeZed.
Senator Godwater calls the Democratic platform mani
esto of destruction He'd just put the Republican
platform the banned book list too but fears that might
tempt somebody to read it,
Soviet newspaper life in Russia today is too soft
That's the trouble with communism 1t can suppress almost
everything but yawn.
Evening star., 1960-08-29
u. S. Reluctance to Fly ESQ Controsted
With Soviet Habit of Bringing Visitors

In the unfortunate and
somewhat childishly conduct
ed controversy over who will
pay the bill for transporting
$50 African students to this
country to enter school this
fall may be found a clear IL
lustration Of how difficult it
is for the United States to
compete in this area with the
monolithic USSR.
Not a month passes but
that the Soviet Union flies
delegations of foreign stu
dents, journalists or intellec-
tuals to Moscow. 1t is simple.
The planes are ordered sent.
They are available in any
number. There are hotels,
schools and transport within
the country. Foreign student
Evening star., 1960-08-29

PELLA WOOD FOLDING DOORS
functional . beautiful
. economical
Here's An Idea-Use PELLA
WOOD FOLDING DOORS with
their natural wood beauty as
room dividers, closures for clos
els, utilities, storage areas. Save
floor and wall space. Easily in.
stalled. Order unfinished and
save.
MAHOGANY 0 AMERICAN
ASH . BIRCH . PHILIPPINE
WALNUT . OAK . PINE
Evening star., 1960-08-29
DORIS FLEESON

At this point it seems that
the cost of the bobtailed ses-
sion Of Congress should be
carried as a campaign ex-
penSe by the Republican Ma
tional Committee rather than
being charged to the taxpay-
ers. Republicans would be
getting their moneys worth
and Democrats need their
savings to carry the South.
Possibly the public is more
sophisticated politically than
the self-absorbed Capital Of
the Nation has ever been
willing to admit, in which
case their expectations amply
balance the meager returns Of
the session. Certainly the big
gest headlines across the
country have been shared by
pilot Powers, the Congo and
Cuba, with the servant prob
lens Of Mrs. Antony Arm
strong-Jones getting full play.
Nor does Senator Kennedy
necessarily need to take his
obvious licking lying down.
He can add the conservative
coalition which is running
Congress to his list of enc
mics of the people. It would
offend the South. but the
crowds being achieved by
Vice President Nixon and the
increasing boldness of the
Southern attack on Ken
nedy's Catholic ties show that
he is in trouble there any
way.
No frontal attack on the
South's emotional attitudes
toward religion and even
States Rights would work
anyway.
The Senator from Massa-
chusetts must find his moral
issues elsewhere and let the
religious ferment no one per-
son or class can control work
itself out.
Democratic propagandists
already have begun to shape
the kind Of argument they
think their nominee might
. make to convince the public
Evening star., 1960-08-29
NEW YORK TO ALL EUROPE

QUEEN ELIZABETH
Sept. 7, Sept. 21. Oct. S
QUEEN MARY
Sept. IA. Sept. 20, Oct. IL
PARTHlA Sept. 9, Oct.
MEDIA Sept. %. Oct. 2l
MAURITANIA Sept. 20. Oct. 8
BRITANNIC Sept. 2e. Oct. 27
See YOUR travel agent
Evening star., 1960-08-29
LATIN AMERICAN NOTES
Rubottom Sworn In
For Argentine Post

The letter touched of a
series of anti-church incidents
involving leftist supporters of
Castro.
The congress cheered Cuba's
highest active prelate. Arch
bishop Coadjutor Evelio Diaz
Cia of Havana, when he de-
clared the island abounds with
such good pastors"
He urged young Catholics to
march as a peaceful army
without violence. always for
giving and doing good"
Evening star., 1960-08-29

SAN JOSE, Costa Rica, Aug.
20 (AP). - Roy R. Rubottom,
jr., was sworn in last night as
the new United States am
bassador to Argentina during
a break in the sessions of the
Western Hemisphere Foreign
ministers.
Secretary of State Herter
and Argentine Foreign Minis
ter Diogenes Taboada attend
ed the ceremony in the United
States Embassy. Mr.. Rubottom,
former Assistant Secretary Of
State for inter-American af-
fairs. said he was glad to return
to the field and promised to
work for the good Of both the
United States and Argentina.
Evening star., 1960-08-29
Shape Argument That Conservatives,
Aided by White House, Rob Public

that it is being robbed by the
relatively small handful of
conservatives in key positions
in Congress, with the con-
nivance of a conservative
White House.
Admittedly this is delicate
and risky ground, made more
so by the Kennedy choice of
Vice President, Senate Ma
jority Leader johnson of
Texas. There are already some
indications Of stress and
strain among supporters of
the nominees, each blaming
the hero of the other faction.
The nominees themselves
are behaving correctly, even
warmly. toward each other.
Yet neither is accustomed to
losing, and their fame as
sportsmen is not equal to
their renown in other fields.
Republicans are feeling
fine. They begin by fearing
that the Kennedy johnson
lineup was invincible. They
are thoroughly enjoying the
session, which is legislatively
so unrewarding; some think
their schoolboy batting of the
rival nominees is a laugh
riot, though others are not so
sure.
All argue with considerable
apparent conviction that the
nomination of United Ma
tions Ambassador H Henry
Cabot Lodge for Vice Presi-
dent has turned out we'll.
Hard-shell operators whose
job it is to comb the grass
roots report that what Lodge
has been doing in recent
years is only what every
body is for. They gloat over
the fact that he is net, as
one put it, mixed UP with
the issues"
1t is still early. The cam
paign is approaching that
period where the candidates,
surrounded as they are by
Evening star., 1960-08-29
New Agency Set Up

HAVANA, Aug. 20 (AP.-
The Castro government has
created a state transportation
agency to unity the operations
of various transportation lines
into which it has intervened or
confiscated.
The decree Saturday estab-
fishing the new agency ap-
peared to be a prelude to ma
tionalization of the transpor-
tation industry.
The government has taken
over all bus operations in Ha-
vana but independent lines still
function in the provinces. The
government also has seize d
most trucking companies on
the island.
Evening star., 1960-08-29

teacher-writer delegates to
the Soviet Union annually
run into the thousands.
Our own attempt to bring
off the travel expense of $50
students from several African
nations illustrates the prob
lens Of a non-monolithic ma
tion which must give ear to
the taxpayer and to the
watchful eyes of the political
opposition.
A sum of 100000 was
needed to bring the $50 stu
dents from their distant
homes. Air travel was the
one way. Military planes
wouldn't do. Flying Air Force
planes into African airfields
would have had the Russians
and pro-Soviet Africans hys-
terical with charges of espi-
onage, map-making, invasion
and so on. Commercial planes
were the only answer. Round
trip fares to Africa come
high.
The State Department
turned down the appeal by
the African-American Stu
dent Foundation. Jackie Rob-
inson, one-time Brooklyn
baseball star who has made
the foundation a project. ap-
pealed then to Senator Jack
Kennedy. He reported, after
investigation, that the JOS
eph ? Eec~eGy ;r. Founda-
ton would provide the $780,
600. (The foundation is
named for the Senator's bro
ther, who was killed in
World War H.
This caused Republican
leaders to leap as if stung by
the legendary bee. They be-
gan to cry politics and to
charge there was an effort to
buy the Negro vote. Hugh
Scott of Pennsylvania, a nor
mally sensible man. did an
inexcusable bull-in-the-
china shop act in an unreas-
enable attack on Kennedy.
James Shepley, on leave
from Time-Life to assist the
Nixon campaign, was sent. or
went on his own, to the State
Department with a plea to re-
consider. 1t did. State later
said the original request was
understood to be for stu
Evening star., 1960-08-29
DAVID LAWRENCE

Some Endorsements in a
political C paign could
mean the kiss of death" to
a presidential candida ate
among groups of voters who
are antagonized by the ac-
tion.
The AFL-CIO has just in
dorsed Senator Kennedy. the
Democratic nominee, and so
has the radical organization
which calls itself Americans
for Democratic Action but
which believes in centralized
government.
There are 1875 million
members in the CIO and,
while the general board
which voted the Endorsement
cannot deliver" the votes Of
it's members, the impression
sought to be conveyed is that
it can. In fact, the AFL-CIO
maintains a close watch on
roll calls in Congress and in
every campaign points to
whether a member has gone
down the line for union labor
or has failed to support its
proposals. The citizens are
supposed to reward by their
votes in the presidential and
congressional elections the
candidates who have sup
ported the cause of labor.
1t isn't a bought and paid
for" arrangement in the
sense that a money bribe is
offered or accepted. but the
truth is that many millions
of dollars are collected from
union members by the AFL-
CIO leaders acting in behalf
of supposedly separate politl-
cal organizations. These
funds are contributed to
State and local as well as
National election campaigns
in support of those candi-
dates who have a record Of
doing the bidding of the
trade-union leaders.
Senator Kennedy says he
is proud of the indorse-
ment," and one wonders if
this means that, if elected, he
will feel beholden to the
AFL-CIO. The Democratic
platform has already pledged
that the next Congress will
enact legislation taking
away from 20 States their
right to keep on the statute
books-and in their constitu-
Evening star., 1960-08-29
Democrats Prepare to Fiiqht Back

operators, advisers and
crowds, are all alone in the
wide, wide political sea with
never a saint to pity their
souls in the agony of hard
choices. 1t will be a period
of rapid displacement of
issues by other issues, of
controversies by new con-
troversieS, but what the
nominees are will be at the
core of every conflict.
Evening star., 1960-08-29
Possibility Is Discussed That Kennedy
Would Be BehoIden for Labor Support

tions-a provision enabling a
worker to join or not to join
a union without riSking pun
ishment through the loss Of
his job. The custom is for the
labor unions to threaten
costly strikes against en-
ployers who refuse to sign an
agreement to fire anyone who
doesn't join a union.
If the National Association
of Manufacturers or the
United States Chamber of
Commerce, using the prestige
of their positions in the busi-
ness world, were to announce
that they Endorsed Vice
President Nixon, the labor
press would be the first to
jump on them as having
made a deal" with the Re-
publican presidential candi-
date to help him get elected
in return for the support he
would give measures they
favor.
While many businessmen as
individuals will be for the
Nixon-Lodge ticket, they do
not in their trade organiza-
tions make any such indorse-
ment or formally call on
their members to support a
candidate. In fact, until re-
cent years the American
Federation of Labor itself
would for the most part
avoid Endorsement of any
presidential nominee. This
policy was proclaimed for
the AFL by the late Samuel
Gompers, who, through max
ing no secret Of his own pref
erences, avoided any commit
ment by his national labor Or
ganization.
It is ironical that the
Gompers doctrine is now be-
ing reversed in many other
ways. Thus. Mr.. Gompers
argued for years that no en-
ployer should have the right
to make non-membership in
a union a condition of en-
ployment, and finally Con-
gress wrote such a prohibi-
tion into law. But now the
labor unions themselves favor
discrimination, as long as it
is in their favor. They oppose
right to work" laws on the
speciouS argument that those
who favor such laws would be
able to interfere with collec-