davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Arizona sun., 1960-11-03
Nigeria's Papers
Aided By u. 5.

Louis Martin of the Chicago
Defender, may have h elped to
stamp the image of U. S. Negro
ga pers on Nigerian journalism
Taking leave from his paper in
1858, Martin spent two years re
organizing and sprucing up h
West African Pilot in Laos, Niger
liza.
One of the papers founders was
Nnamdi Azikiwe, a young Nigerl-
an who had studied journalism
at the University. Nnamdi soon be-
came Premier of Nigerias Eastern
Region, and later merged his 5 pa
per chain with a group controlled
by Western Regions Premier o.
OwolowO.
Under Martins tutelage, the pa
pers increased 20 per cent in cir
culation and in unmeasured pres
Itige. His job finished when Niger
LA became independent. Martin re-
turned to the Defender.
Arizona sun., 1960-11-03
To Launch
Biz Vote

The MaricOpa County Democrat
tic Central Committee has
launched a Get Out The Vote"
plan concentrating on the heavily
registered Democratic Legislative
Districts 5, 6, 7, 8 and 8.
Working in cl o Sc cooperation
with the legislative candidates, ar
ca chairmen and precinct commit
teemen of these five districts will
be top party representatives for
each precinct. They will d v Sc
the eligible voter on his rights.
Carl Muecke is County Chairman.
With headquarters located in
each district, the committee men,
bers will have 100 cars and ap-
proximately 1000 doorbell ringers
to help get out the vote on Nov.
8. These workers will canvas from
rs to 80 homes on one side of the
street at time, offering rides to
the polls.
If the voter is not at home, a
card will be left at his door with
the phone number OF the district
headquarters on it, so that he may
call to get a ride to the polls.
The 1000 volunteers are being
recruited from every part of Met
ropolitan Phoenix, un der the
Craftsmanship of Mrs. Glen Ashby
and Mrs. Morris B. Goldman, Jr.
Correspondence sent under the
letterhead of the Citizens or
Kennedy-Johnson Committee has
been sent to residents of Districts
5, 6, Z, 8 and g., to the Kennedy
Coffee Chairman" and to all the
candidates advising them of their
plans.
Committee headquarters are a t
1913 N. First Street, Room 315. The
phone number is AL 3-2339.
Members of the Phoenix COM
mittee include Ben Projan, Ed
ward Korrick, DR.. j. N Harper,
Lincoln Ragsdale, AL Stovall, X 5.
Brown, former Governor Ernest
Mcfarland, Mrs. Dix Price a nd
LYNN M. Laney
]
Arizona sun., 1960-11-03
Negro Diplomats
Urged For Africa

Rev. Garland E. Hopkins, a
Methodist minister recently re
turned from Africa, urged the us.
State Department send at least
100 American Negroes for diplo :
matte missions on the Dark Con-
tinent.
Speaking before his congregation
of the Community Walker Chapel
in Washington, DC, Rev. Hop :
kins stated, "Our embassies in
Africa are lily-white. He said he
was certain that such a program"
would play havoc" with State De
partment rules, but felt that the
appointment of more American
Negroes to African diplomatic
posts would be as important as a
World War II battle.
Arizona sun., 1960-11-03
x VO 7 { !
Civic UNITY
Plans Ahead

The October 25th meeting of the
Greater Phoenix Council for Civ
ic Unity was the scene of a pro
vocative audience discussion Sug
gesting positive action in the fielo
of human rights and dignity. Fol
lowing a panel of young leaders
from AnytoWn, Arizona and then,
a stirring talk by two of the re-
cent participants in the lunchrOOm
integration sit-ins, the discussion
centered on Where We Go From
Here.
1t was felt by many in the aud
ience that the non-colOred cOmmu-
nifty must also join in this fight to
safeguard the rights of all minor
tiles and many we're interested in
what they personally could do to
help. The urgent necessity for in
tegratiOn, not only in lunchroOms
but also in housing, was cited. A
discussion followed on pos
sibIe methods of achieving a pub
lie ordinance
The evening ended with recOg-
milton by the audience of the great
lack of channels of communication
through which persons concerned
with problems of human rights
can become aware of what is be-
ing done in this field. Possible So
lutions to this problem were Of
fered and are being seriously con-
sidered by a committee set up for
this purpose.
Future p ans of the Greater
Phoenix Council for Civic Unity
include an evening lecture by the
renowned au t hor and lecturer
Harry Golden, to be held in Feb
ruary.
Arizona sun., 1960-11-03
Buy Your SUN
AT These Places

Southern Liquors, 624 S. 9TH Ave.
New State Grocery, 1896 S. z Ave.
Cow Palace, 9O1 S. 9TH Ave.
A F Stores, 1923 w. Buckeye
Noes Food Fair. 1928 W. Buckeye
Ziede's Food Center,
17O1 S. 18th Ave.
Lincoln Liquors, 1124 w. Buckeye
New Valley Market,
1900 West Buckeye Road
Foodtown, 1903 E. Broadway
Keys Market, 2454 E. Broadway
Nelson's Market, 1908 E. Broadway
FrOstOp Drive-In,
1902 E. Broadway
Rainbow market,
1885 f. Broadway
Broadway Pharmacy, 1908
Broadway
Mountain View Market,
21O6 E. Broadway
Rosner Drugs, 9O1 E. Jefferson
Norman's Midtown Pharmacy,
1900 E. Washington
Reddy's Corner. 1902 E. Jefferson
Lee Jew Grocery,
1903 E. Washington
Hodges Barbecue,
1O15 E. Washington
Bigbee & Manns Barber Shop,
6O9 E. Jefferson
Hutt Liquors, 2345 E. Washington
Thelma'S COffe Shop,
Rice Hotel, 537 E. Jefferson
Modern Market,
1877 E. Washington
Safeway Stores,
1548 West Van Buren,
25O2 West Van Buren
18th Street & Apache
4732 South Central
1105 East Van Buren
a.. j. Bayless, 5041 S. Central
gath & East Van Buren
Arizona sun., 1960-11-03
Clare Booth Luce
Predicts Triumph
For Jack Kennedy

NEW YORK = Clare Bootht
Luce today stated that Sen
Kennedy's religion cannot fail tt
gain him votes among Negroes
because of the Catholic church's
stand on integration.
Mrs Luce, leading Republi
can for many years and a recent
convert to Catholicism, Indicate
in a copyrighted article in the
current (November) issue of Mo
Calls m agazine that Negroes
might be impressed by the
Church's progress toward integra
ton in churches and parochia
schools in the South.
Catholic and Protestant Chris
tianity a n d t h Jewish religion
hold that all men are created eq.
ual in the sight of God regardless
of race or color" Mrs Luce con-
cedeS. But the Catholic Church.
through the Pope, exercises tenn
poral authority over the bishops
in this matter of Christian belief.
1.-The Vatican has for som c
years ordered bishops throughout
the United States to do away with
segregation in churches and parochi
al schools and churches prac
ltice integration. whereas integra
ton is a matter Of the private
conscience in Protestant churches.
"Sen. Kennedy's religion can.
not, therefore, fail to gain him
votes among Negroes aware ol
this situation SO favorable to com
plete integratiOn." "
Mrs. Luce also predicts thai
almost all' Catholics will vote
for Kennedy, and she insists that
a candidates religion is legi
innate reason for voting for hin
''It is inevitable it is right, sht
states.
Herbert r. Mayes, editor o.
McCall's, disagreed and made
the following statement:
''It is my personal conviction
Continued on page q
Arizona sun., 1960-11-03
u. 5. Bias A
Major Cold
War Issue

OAKLAND, CALF. =, Rus +.
sian Premier Khrushchev's fare =
well United NtionS speech is "of-
ficial signal that americas treat
nent Of her Negro citizens hence
orth will be a weapon in the cold
var for world domination NAA-
CP Executive Secretary Roy Will
kins predicted here this week.
Secretary Wi lkins addressed
$500 persons attending a NAACP-
sponsored ci vii rights rally n
Oakland Auditorium.
This is the first time in many
years" he said, "that the head of
he Soviet government has been
5pecific. Usually these char
ges are left to Soviet publications
or to lesser officials to handle"
Mr.. wilkins said the Khru
shchev criticism, because of its
timing and setting, must be re-
garded more seriously than a |
similar attacks in the past"
Premier KhruShchev has said
formally to the assembled ma
tiOns of the world, including six
teen new African nations, t h a [
the United States must not be be-
lieved when it talks of freedom
because it denies freedom to non
whites.
The United States must I'd S :
arm" Khrushchev in his attempt
to use the weapon of racial dis
crimination by wiping out a /
forms of racial inequality, the
speaker declared.
Turning to current domestic po
Continued on Page 81
Arizona sun., 1960-11-03
Colorado River
Conference

An international Conference on
the Multi Purpose Development
of the Colorado River Area" will
be held in Yuma, November II &
IL. Some of the Vests foremost
citizens will participate in the e.
vent which is being sponsored by
the Colorado River Area Develop
ment Association of Chambers OF
Commerce and Allied Organiza-
tiOnS.
Arizona sun., 1960-11-03
New Judge Made
By California Gov.

SACRAMENTO, CAL Cover :
nor Edmund (Pat) Brown appoint
ed Lionel J. Wilson, 45-year old
Oakland attorney to the Municipal
Court bench, a judgeship created
by the 1859 State Legislature.
Wilson, born in New Orleans,
has a degree in economics from
the University of California. He
attended the Hastings College OF
the Law following his service in
the Army Air Force.
Arizona sun., 1960-11-03
MAN, 3S, KILLED

One man died Saturday night
from bullet in the head following
an argument in a tavern, Jeans
Place. 1919 w. Buckeye.
The dead man was identified as
Jesse Willard Cravatt, 38, of 1917
w. Yavapai.
The body of Cravatt was taken
to the Ragsdale Mortuary. Servi-
|ces were conducted Wednesday
might and the remains sent to Ok.
lahoma for burial. Surviving Cra
watt were two brothers, Levi, 01
blythe, California and James, anc
four sisters, Elwanta Hill, Zeffri
ma Moore, Vivian Cobb and E
J Joe Cravatt, Of Oklahoma City.
Arizona sun., 1960-11-03
BOTH PARTIES GRID IN Finale I
History Making
Interest In All
Parts OF Nation

With both top candidates
hitting hard on issues and
all the lesser hopefuls fol-
lowing the same pattern,
the 1860 election promises
to be one of the most excit-
ing in history. So close is
the race that experts are
unable to predict a prob
able outcome.
Arizona sun., 1960-11-03
NEGRO VOTERS

Approximately 9.5 million Ne :
[groes of voting age were eligible
to vote in the 1856 Presidential ell
ection. About 35 million actually
voted. This constituted 81 per cent
of the Negro voting potential, as
compared with $3.50 white voters.
For the II southern states in Sc,
So million Negroes were eligible
to vote. About 81 per cent actual
lily voted (eXcluding Texas}.
For the 81 non southern states,
a total of 4.9 million Negroes were
eligible to vote in 1856. Approx
mately as per cent actually voted,
compared with 65 per cent for the
white population.
Arizona sun., 1960-11-03
New York Negro
1860 Election Kew

He said ''it will be part of t h e
process by which the NAACP will
adjust the content and formal o f
Its lie a.d e i ship training pro
gram for use in other local bran
cheS.
In various sessions extending o.
yer six weeks, NAACP leadership
Itrainees discussed in depth "Ori-
gin and History of NAACP", "Ac-
complishments and Goals of NAA-
CP", "How the N A A CP Func-
TONS, Especial Techniques and
Speech Situations.
Arizona sun., 1960-11-03

South Phoenix over five yers.
A past president of tie Phoenix
Home Builders association, Burg
bacher is considered an imminen'
authority on taxallor> and pro
blems connected with population
expansion and business in gener
nj
Arizona sun., 1960-11-03
SUN naacp graduates jamaica e.

SUN naacp graduates jamaica eJ-
JAMAICA, N. Y. Forth ia
maica NAACP Branch members
will be graduated from pilot lead
erShip training course and work
shop here on Oct. 26.
James Farmer, the NAACP's S
national program director, who
has been conducting the program
in conjunction with Mrs. Dupree
White, Jamaica branch president
said the final session of the work
shop will be devoted to an "eval-
iuatiOn
Arizona sun., 1960-11-03

For the first time since the Su
Ipreme Courts 1854 desegregatior
ruling, sou h ern schools O
pened this fall without a sem
blance of disorder such as riot.
or bombing threats.
So noticed the Southern Educa
ion Reporting Service this week
The agency said that out of tn {
},O95, ,345 Negro children in al
schools in the South only 1873, TO-
are attending integrated classes
This represented a gain of 2,O84 o
yer the 1859 semester.
Not one Negro child has attend
ID classes with whites in Alaba
IA, Georgia, Mississippi, South
Carolina and Louisiana.
The only bright spot among
these change-resistant states was
n Louisiana, where token integra.
ion is scheduled to take place on
Tovember IA. These classes, o
which only 135 Negro first grade
pupils have been registered, will
,e segregated according to e x,
white and colored boys and white
and colored girls in separate clas-
SeS.
However, Louisianas Cover
nor Jimmie Davis has announced
he will allow no integration at all,
a court ruling.
Despite Mr.. Randolph's uncer-
ainty of the Negro voting prefer
ence, there are others whe--s-e-e
what they believe are fairly defin-
ite signs of the way he will v 0 tie.
For example, Simeon Booker, of
TIE Johnson Publications, and one
of the Negro newsman who have
been travelling alternately wi h
both presidential candidates en-
.ourage, has this to say:
Travelling with the Vice Presi-
dents press party both in tn e
north and the south, one notes i'm
mediately the lesser number OF
Negroes in the audience as com
pared to the Kennedy draw. Also
there is lacking in tours through
Negro sections the jubilation anc
enthusiasm that is displayed for
the Democratic (Kennedy) stand
rd bearer.
Admittedly on the defensive G.
)P leaders disclose they h We
)een woefully weak in organiza
ion, resources and manpower a,
time the Party stood chance
Of making the best inroads int
he Negro vote There is little mo
.cy available for ads in the Negro
press and several newspapers
hav refused to carry COP Stor
les, aides openly protest. Because
of the non political activity re
strictions of the Hatch Act, top
light COP appOintees (such a
Hobson Reynold, of the Housing
authority; Joseph Clark, Postal
advisor and Cora Brown, former
Michigan lawmaker) are forbid
den to campaign.
Howard K. Smith, CHS com
nentator, Sunday night said me
,roes are most interested in tn
)read and butter issues" He fel
he predominant Negro vote woulc
20 to the party which gave bes
1ope of better jobs, housing and
other equal social and economic
opportunities.
Arizona sun., 1960-11-03
5 Million Negroes
Ready To Cast Ballots

More than 5 million Negroes registered and
ready to cast their votes in the presidential and local
elections, A. Philip Randolph, chairman of the Cru
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-12-30
HUMAN CRISIS MORE URGENT
THAN SPACE, EDUCATOR SAYS
Hya Star stan Writer

NEW YORK, Dec 3O.-An this outer space nonsense
Is just lot OF escapism to get minds of problems
we should be tackling here at home.
That at least is the view Of University Of Illinois
professor expressed at the American Association for
the Advancement Of Science meeting here Prof Howard
z. Weaver delivered this opinion:
Getting rocket into orbit may be chid's play
compared to solving social and economic problems that
confront compound interest intenses the worlds
already exploding population
!, THE vast problems related to urban redevelop-
ment and the feeding clothing and sheering govern
ing and educating the masses make current demmas
seem insignificant
49,. why do applaud our visible satellite high In
the sky and ignore the depredatons Of soil erosion and
the field mouse at our feet?
why do we laud the firing of missile from under
the surface OF the ocean and scant attention to the
growing problems Of pollution of streams and air?
No political theology will enable to escape the
consequences Of improper management of limited natural
resources The frontiers earAh may be as great as
: those in outer space"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-12-30
Chotiner Bures
Eisenhower Plan
To Be U. N. Envoy

HONOLULU, Dec. 80 (AP)
President Eisenhower might
have been appointed Ambassa-
dor to the United Nations In
a Nixon administration, a for
Hner Nixon campaign manager
says.
= Murray Chotiner, the Los
Angeles attorney who managed
Vice President Nixon's political
campaigns through 1856, de-
clared Mr.. Eisenhower had
agreed to accept the q. N. ap.
pointment.
Mr.. Nixon's failure to make
the plan public before the No.
vernber 8 election was q seriou;
mistake. MIR. Chotiner said ir
an interview with the Honolulu
Star Bulletin yesterday.
Mr.. Chotiner said the pro.
posal fell through eventually
because Of haggling over whc
should announce the plan -
Mr.. Nixon or Mr.. Eisenhower
Mr.. Chotiner said the out.
come was the announcement
that Mr.. Eisenhower would b
a goodwill ambassador-an as
signment with far less signifi'
cant impact.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-12-30

other contents of the secret
gospel might be.
The Gospel According to Johr
Is the only one Of the foul
gospels that now includes the
story Of Lazarus.
The Clement letter intro
duces a new witness to the Lag
arus miracle, Salome. She /,
mentioned in the presently
known Mark gospel Of the New
Testament as having watched
the crucidxion Of Jesus from
afar.
DR.. Smith said that, II the
document receives scholarly
acceptance as an authentic
letter by Clement. opinions
about the origin and character
Of the Gospels, the nature OF
the early Christian church,
and the teachings Of Jesus
probably would have to be
reconsidered.
The copy Of the Clement
letter, believed by scientific
experts to have been written
in the 18th or 18th century, il
hand-written on the back OF
the leaves Of o Dutch book
printed In 1916. DR.. Smith
said it probobly was the work
Of q scholarly monk,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-12-30
By WILLIAM HINES
star Science Writer

NEW YORK. Dec. Send
less hours, Of televiewing are
probably q symptom. not q
cause. Of o maladjusted child's
trouble at home and in school
This Is the view Of DR.. Paul
Witty, q Northwestern Univer-
Sity educator who has spent
the last II years studying
children. their Tv tastes and
attitudes, and the effect tele-
vision Is having on them. He
reported today on his con-
ttnuing study at the annual
meeting Of the American AS
Boeiation for the Advance
iaent Of Science here.
IF q child Is doing an ex-
cessive amount of televiewing, u
DR.. Witty told the AAAS, par
entS might well examine his
daily life pattern to see how
satisfying it is. Does he have
varied contacts and COM
panions. or is he turning to
" as q refuge from boredom
Or frustration?"
Hardened by Brutality
DR.. WHY'S report revealed
no clear-cut findings that
shoot 'em-up crime shows have
contributed to juvenile delin.
quency. But he quoted his own
and. others studies which in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-12-30
Secret Gospel Of Mark
Reported by Historian

NEW YORK. Dec. 80 (AP).-
A Columbia University historian
says he has found a copy Of an
ancient letter that ascribes q
secret gospel to st. Mark and
narrates q miracle absent in
the present Gospel of Mark.
DR.. Morton Smith, an au-
thority in ancient religion,
presented the letter at q meet
ing last night Of the Society Of
Biblical Literature and Exegesis
at Union Theological Seminary.
He found the letter two years
ago while studying ancient
manuscripts at the monastery
Of Mar Saba, near Jerusalem.
He said evidence indicates
that the original letter was
written in Greek by Clement of
Alexandria, one Of the founders
Of Christian theology. Clement
wrote between $50 and 202 AID.
The letter incorporates the
story Of Jesus raising Lazarus
from the dead into the Gospel
According to Mark. Clement
says that the Lazarus story is
part Of a secret gospel" Of
Mark that was not set down by
him but does not say what the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-12-30
Neighbors Opposing
Choncery Application

Testimony resumed today in
a suit seeking to block the use
OF a house at 2l2S Bancroft
place NV. as o chancery by
the Republic Of Cameroun.
District Court Judge Leonard
P. Walsh heard evidence in the
case until late yesterday.
After more testimony and
arguments by counsel today, he
indicated he would rule on the
question late in the day.
Plaintiffs are Mr.. and Mrs
Matthew N. Mezzanotte Of 2126
Bancroft place NV, who seek
to block District authorities
from issuing an occupancy
permit.
Their principal objections
are based on Complaints Of the
automobile parking situation
when the houses at 2128 anc
2130 were used as an office By
the government of Chile.
Both Mr.. and Mrs. Mez.
zanotte and two lawyers testi'
fed yesterday that when tn,
houses were used for a militar!
mission by Chile, double park
ing kept others in the blocI
from getting their automobile
from the curb when the!
wanted to use them.
The plaintiffs contend tina
the neighborhood is strictly ,
residential zone and that a pub
lie hearing would be necessar,
to permit the building at 212i
to be used as q chancery.
The owner of the building a
2l28 Bancroft place, Col. Car
A. Buechner. contends through
his attorney, William r. Per
lik. that q precencent was se
by the use Of the structure 70
ofdces by Chile and that
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-12-30

ers see no point in trying to
negotiate intricate disarma-
ment questions amid a series
of circus performances such as
Mr.. Khrushchev staged at the
y. N. forum last September
The present British-American
position Is that Mr.. Khrush-
ehev must give some concrete
indication Of readiness to move
toward the Western proposals
on disarmament before Prime
Minister Harold Macmillan and
President-elect Kennedy are
willing to join the Soviet pre-
mier at the U. N.
Some authorities in London
believe one Of Mr.. Khrush-
chev's purposes in putting on
pressure for a U. N. summit
meeting is to get himself and
MIR. Kennedy there for informal
exchanges. The view in London
is that Mr.. Kennedy's attitude
so far unknown-will deter
mine whether a second U. N.
summit session comes OF.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-12-30
Phantom Rodio Code
Seen Defyinq Solution

BONN. Dec. 80 CNANA).-
United States Military COM
munications scientists are test
ing a revolutionary system OF
coded radio communication
virtually impossible to detect
or to break"
The radically new system Is
called phantom" and military
communications engineers here
say 1t renders completely value
less any information the turn
coat National Security Agency
code experts. Bernon Mitchell
and William Martin, may have
given the Communists about
United States codes.
Phantom" is described as
based on the principle Of "hid-
ing a leaf In the forest" as one
expert put It. It employs
coded radio signals concealed
in the background noise
cracking and Kissing over
short-wave receivers.
Like Lock and Key
The signals are hidden In
the noise in the form Of q spe-
cial code which is compared
to a lock and key. The method
is based on that used by radio
astronomers. Their ultrasensi-
tive receivers pull in q mass
of extraneous radio waves In
addition to the faint signals
from distant radio stars.
To pick the significant stellar
needle from the radio haystack
the radio astronomers have de.
veloped new electronic tech.
niques.
These techniques have beer
taken over for phantom.
Even If the enemy knows tn,
principle Of the system and tn,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-12-30
u. N. Summit Session
Urged by Khrushchev

LONDON, Dec. 80 (AP) -
Soviet Premier Khrushchev. In
his first talk with the British
Ambassador to Moscow, stressed
his desire for q summit -level
United Nations session on dis.
armament and q Berlin settle.
ment in 1861 but gave no hint
OF readiness to make any con.
ceSSionS to the West.
Diplomatic authorities said
this was the position the So
Wet Premier took in a 90 min
ute talk last Monday with Sir
Frank Roberts, the new Brit
ish envoy in Moscow.
. British officials concede that
the major Western allies will
have to take a second look al
the question Of q U. N. summit
session in the spring II Mr.
Khrushchev announces he Is
going to lead the Soviet dele
cation in person again and q
delegation Of government heads
come trooping along, as they
did in the fall.
At present the Western pow