davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-08-21

Pilot Powers, who doubtless was
reminded during his 109 days of
solitary confinement that he could
be given a death sentence for his
crime, went along. with Soviet
assertions that his flight torpedoed
the Summit conference and Pres
dent Eisenhower's visit to the
Soviet Union.
He was very sorry, he said. for
contributing to increased world
tensions and said he thought he
had done his country very i'll
service" He thanked the Soviet
Union. in reply to a question, for
the good treatment he has re-
celved.
Presumably this did not refer to
the fact that he was held incom-
municado for more than three
months; that no American official
or member of his family was al
lowed to see him for all the long
weeks before the trial; that he
was not permitted to have an
American lawyer of his own
choosing.
One of the bitterest pills the
Russians have had to swallow over
the U-2 incident is the forced
admission on their part that
American reconnaissance planes
have been flying with impunity
over the secret" Soviet Union for
the past four years, gathering a
rich harvest of military intelli-
gence data.
Evening star., 1960-08-21
On Civil Riqhts

Hardly day passed without a
new threat that the Republicans
would find some way of getting
the Democrats into a real row
over civil rights. Several efforts
have already failed. On Friday
Senator Javits, Republican of New
York. most persistent civil rights
needler, warned that he is de-
termined that rights shall be
debated. A four-point Republi-
can civil rights bill embodying
planks in the Republican plat
form is before the Senate Judici-
airy Committee. Most civil rights
bills die there.
Minority Leader Dirksen, the
salty realist of the opposition's
debaters on the floor, has said
it's "problematical" whether the
hands of the Democratic leaders
will be forced on the rights issue,
despite the constant picking at
the subject by some Senators.
Most notable accomplishment
of the week was passage of the
Kennedy bill to raise the minimum
wage from 81 to SIPS. The vic
tory was undoubtedly a major one
for Senator Kennedy, the Demo-
cratic nominee, but it was bought
with some concessions. There was
a reduction in coverage as a result
of some hard-fought amendments.
Originally intended to cover mil
lion workers, it was whitfield down
to perhaps 4 million. The reduc-
tionS which came out of the par
liamentary and political squabbles
would exempt hotels, restaurants,
automobile dealers and farm i'm
plement dealers.
Evening star., 1960-08-21
TheCompoign:
Lively Run

Vice President Nixon took bis
campaign for the presidency
into the South with a speech at
Greensboro, N. c., on WedneS-
day and Senator Kennedy went
into the heart of the Middle
West with trip today to Des
MOineS, Iowa, for a farm con-
ference.
The campaign was having quite
a lively run-even before it began.
Showing no intention of waiting
until Labor Day traditional start
ing point Of campaigns in the
United StateS-both the Repub-
lican and Democratic candidates
were busy. The BUSINESS Of their
stats staggered the imagination.
The week opened with Vice
President Nixon calling his Au-
gust l3 foray into traditionally
Republican Maine a success" and
deciding to tour New England
more than he had originally
planned.
The more open campaign
aspects of the Senate's sessions
the same day saw Senator Hum
phrey, Democrat of Minnesota,
describing Republican defections
en- masse from Vice President
Nixon while Senator Case. Repub-
lican Of South Dakota. cited one
Democratic detection in his own
State. zone Joe Poindexter Of
Pierre dissatisfied over the Ken
nedy convention delegates ac-
tivities) Somewhere between
these extremes lay what was
really happening.
Senator Kennedy adopted the
attitude that he probably was
running behind-or. at least.
running "scared"-and Mr.. Nixon
said he wouldn't be lulled into
false security by an opinion poll
which said so per cent Of the
voters were leaning toward the
Republican ticket, A per cent to
the Democratic. The other per
cent hadn't decided.
President Eisenhower gave en-
couragement to both with this
appraisal of polls: No one should
be pessimistic or discouraged by
some straw in the wind, and Ger
tainly he should not be COM
placent with another straw that
seems to point favorably in his
direction"
Complacency certainly was not
the attitude of Mr.. Nixon'S sup
porters who had a new group Of
campaigners leaving the bench for
the playing field almost every
day.
One day it was a new group
Continued on Page CA
Evening star., 1960-08-21
How Came Down

When he announced the capture
of Powers, Soviet Premier Khru-
shchev said a single new rocket
had knocked down the U-2 at an
altitude of about 10000 feet. Pen
tagon officials denied this asser-
ton and insisted that the plane,
probably because of an engine
"flame-out," had lost altitude and
descended to about $4,000 feet
before it was knocked down.
This Pentagon rejoinder has
embarrassed and annoyed the Rus
slams no end. So, at the trial, the
prosecutor made a determined ef-
fort to elicit subStantiation for the
Khrushchev claim from Powers.
After all, it is highly important
to the Kremlin that the Russian.
people and Soviet subjugated ma
tions are assured that the United
States no longer can send over
spy planes with any chance Of
success.
Powers co-operated. He said
"something"-he did not say it
Evening star., 1960-08-21
Medical Care Next

Next on the Senate calendar
was one Of the Big Four of the
legislative ''musts" for the ses-
sion: medical care for the aged.
Such an attractive political issue
couldn't be ignored and some
speeches on the subject were
heard during the week but the
debate began in earnest yesterday.
There were some indications
vote might be reached early this
week.
Other legislation still to be
acted upon includes the omnibus
housing bill and Federal aid to
education.
The Democrats line was to
enact its must" program and
then to see if the White House
would veto the bills. thereby al
lowing them to take the case to
the public.
The Republicans line was TO
offer a much wider list of bills
with two purposes-to show that
the Democrats, in spite of their
control of Congress. cannot get
through needed legislation and to
divide the Democrats by bringing
up debate on issues which have
split the conservative and liberal
wings Of the party.
Evening star., 1960-08-21
Powers:
Propaganda

Francis Gary Powers, pilot of
the Inflated U-2, was sentenced
on Friday by a Soviet court to
10 years for espionage after a
three-day propaganda trial in
Moscow.
1t was clear for weeks to most
Western observers that the Rus
sian were bent on using the prose-
cution of Francis G. Powers, pilot
of the U-2 reconnaissance plane
shot down over Sverdlovsk last
May /. to paint a global-size tap
eStry of the United States as a
reckless warmonger willing to set
Off a nuclear holocaust.
The trial last week went largely
according to such a plan. But,
although the Russians. with the
American pilots CO operation,
made the points they intended to
make. the whole performance
seemed to miss.
True, it ate up huge amounts of
newspaper pages all over the
world. Still, at least in the West,
it laid an egg. Nothing new. SEN
sational or exciting was intro
duced. The script not only went
according to pre- - set Russian
plan but, in its major theme. ac-
cording to what the Western
world expected.
The luckless pilot was pictured
as cold war pawn, man merely
carrying out orders of evil-inten-
toned superiors. One of the key
questions asked him was whether
he did not think his flight might
provoke war.
The people who sent me should
think of these things" he replied
Evening star., 1960-08-21
THE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
Forcing u. Ms Hand

The United Nations Security
Council, in a new emergency
session, takes up the worsening
crisis in the Congo today.
While the Powers trial. played
out on its Moscow stage, domi-
mated front pages of the worlds
newspapers last week, events of
incalculably greater significance
were taking place in the heart of
Black Africa.
The confused and highly critical
situation in the Republic of the
Congo. where 1000 United Ma
tions troops are trying to preserve
order, was WorSened last week by
the actions and attitude of
Premier Patrice Lumumba and his
followers in Congo Army uniforms.
AS a result. a new emergency
session of the Security Council
was called for today in New York.
The meeting could be one of the
most important ever held by that
body.
Secretary General Dag Ham
marSkjold, never considered to
be an alarmist, indicated plainly
the great stakes. Unless the Big
Four-the United States, Britain.
France and the Soviet Union
can find nanimity on the issues,
U. N. troops might have to be
withdrawn and the Congo left
to solve it's own problems. Civil
war would almost surely follow
The U. N. would have failed and
its prestige and authority seriously
impaired.
Evening star., 1960-08-21
How They Voted

Fifteen Republicans voted with
Al Democrats for final passage of
the bill. with l6 Democrats and 10
Republicans in opposition. Some
opponents said they were less con-
cerned over the amount of money
than they were over the principle
of the Senate dealing with busi-
nesses conducted wholly within
one State.
The measure is far from enacted.
Next it must go to conference with
the House which has passed
$1.15-an-hour bill. There it faces
the hostility of the conservative
Rules Committee. And, even if
the House agrees with the figure,
it might face White House veto.
The administration has backed
the $1.15 figure.
The old-age medical care bill
which came up next has so much
political potential that the Senate
Finance Committees approval
during the week of a "watered-
down" version drew the immediate
fire from Senator Kennedy and
other liberals.
The bill, as reported. would
make available to about "a million
persons eligible for old-age assist
ance or relief as much as $l2 a
month extra in Federal funds to
meet medical costs. Another 10
million persons might get some
help if the States appropriated the
money and if the recipients proved
themselves too poor to pay their
own bills. Immediately branding
this approach as too meager, SEN
ator Kennedy Joined other Demo-
Gratis in introducing an amend
ment to add a Social Security
medical care plan.
The Social Security approach
has been the one favored by Sena-
Evening star., 1960-08-21
Latin America:
Punishment

The Foreign Ministers of the
OAS yesterday were reported
agreed on breaking diplomatic
relations with the TrujillO re-
gime in the Dominican Republic.
The Organization of American
States has never been particularly
noted as an action group. Talk.
yes. and mostly in high-sounding
platitudes.
So, last week when another eX-
traordinary session of the inter-
American foreign ministers got
under way in Costa Rica, there
were many observers who, under
standably, were not convinced that
these leaders were capable of TAX
ing any major steps in an effort
to ease Caribbean tensions. But
the ministers produced a surprise.
They gathered to consider Two
major problems:
/. The attempt by the Domini-
can regime of Gen. Trujillo to as
sassinate President Betancourt Of
Venezuela.
2. Cuban leader Castros in
creasingly close ties with the So
Wet Union.
Yesterday, the ministers were
repeatedly agreed on firm action
against Gen. Trujillo. They ten
tatively voted to "energetically
condemn" the Dominican govern
ment and to break diplomatic re-
lations with it. They also agreed
to clamp an immediate embargo
on arms shipments to the Domin-
leans. The United States proposal
for a special committee to super
wise free elections in the Domini-
can Republic will be taken up
tomorrow.
What effect the OAS action will
have on the Dominican strong
man is not clear He has already
limited that he is willing to step
down from his role of absolute
dictator, role he has played for
80 years, and has promised. too,
that he would allow free elections.
The United States Cuba dispute,
with each party scheduled to hurl
serious charges against the other.
will get underway this week. The
United States has been accused
OF aggression" by the Cuban
black boards. In turn, we have
condemned the growing influence
of the Kremlin in Cuban policies.
From all reports, however, other
Latin American countries are not
prepared to go as far as the
United States in rebuffing Castro.
In fact, general statement con-
demning Soviet intervention in
American affairs, without even
mentioning Cuba, is now consid-
cred the likeliest prospect.
Evening star., 1960-08-21
Rocism, Too

Armed with this Russian
moral" support, Mr.. Lumumba,
who has more than once demon
strated his extreme racism, de-
manded that all white U. N.
troops be sent home and that all
airports in the Congo be turned
over to the Congo Army and
police.
These demands also were re-
jected by the U. N, and with en-
phasis in connection with one
dealing with airport control. This
followed one of the most discon-
certing acts yet perpetrated by
the CongoleSe against their in
vited guests. the U. N. force.
On Thursday, Congolese army
rif1emen, in a savage attack,
slugged, kicked and robbed a Ca
madam U. N. unit at the Leopold
vile Airport. A Canadian officer
was knocked unconscious by a
rifle butt; others in the 12-man
contingent were made to lie on
the ground and one to strip to
his shorts. Another was kicked
in the face.
Evening star., 1960-08-21
On the House Side .

AS for the House side of the
session - there wasn't any to
speak Of. Further along than the
Senate in its business, the House
didn't even make an effort to re-
convene until last Monday, week
after the Senate's opening session.
On that date Speaker Rayburn
banged the gavel on a nearly
empty House. Immediately Rep
reSentative Gross, Republican of
Iowa, raised a point of no quorum.
The best efforts produced only 16l
members, far short of the PIG ma
jority required. 1t was forced to
adjourn overnight. The same for
mula was followed on each sue
ceeding day, with the number
present dwindling.
Speaker Rayburn didn't seem
upset. Anyone who thought any
such program as the Republicans
wanted to try to get through Con-
Evening star., 1960-08-21
Laos:
NeutrdIism:?

Successful Laos rebels last
week handed the premiership to
Prince Souvanna PhOuma, who
agreed to steer country to neu-
tralism.
The Free World. which has not
yet found a way to get off the
defensive in Is years of Cold War,
now has a Southeast Asia head
ache to go along with those pro-
voked in 1860 by events in Korea,
Turkey, Cuba, Berlin, Japan and
the Congo.
The tiny kingdom of Laos, into
which the United States has
poured more than 5000 million
since 1855, last week was jolted
when comparatively small num-
Continued on Page CA
Evening star., 1960-08-21
Losinq Altitude

These monitored conversations
are said to make it clear that the
crews spotted the U-2 flying too
high for their weapons to reach it.
Later another crew noted that the
plane was losing altitude. More
Soviet anti-aircraft bat cries
Joined in the conversation as the
plane descended. Finally the U-2
was brought under fire.
These anonymous Pentagon re-
plies, however, are not likely to
cancel out in world opinion Pow
ers' agreement with the Russian
version.
Upon completing the show IN
the Moscow military courtroom,
the Russian judges retired to de
eide" on the sentence. After allow
ing an appropriate length of time
to expire. they came back with
their verdict: 10 years, three of
which shall be in prison and the
remainder to be "deprivation OF
liberty" This last could mean a
return to the United States for
the airman.
The verdict, as judged by Soviet
standards, is lenient. But the
rumor is rampant that the Rus
slams are not finished milking this
prize propaganda COW. Mr. Khru-
shchev, it is believed, may play
the magnanimous, humane leader.
suspend the entire sentence and
send Powers home.
Meanwhile, Moscow Radio
poured out the line that the
Powers trial showed that the
Soviet Union would be justified
in rendering harmless" bases in
Allied countries which permit U-2
flights.
Here in the United States, the
Veterans of Foreign Wars had an
oblique comment. 1t announced il
would award its Gen. H. H. Arnold
aviation medal this year to Clar-
ence L. johnson of the Lockheed
Corporation. Mr.. Johnson is the
designer of the U-2.
Evening star., 1960-08-21

The Senate passed on Thurs
day night the Kennedy wage
hour bill by a vote of 62 to "a.
Republicans in the summer ses-
sion of the 86th Congress called it
the do-little Congress" but the
Democratic leadership retaliated
with a squirt of action which
sparked talk that the session
might be over by Labor Day.
The Republicans. by some skill
full tactics of their own, had con-
tributed to the lack of accom-
plishment and the Democrats, by
much talk. had drawn the net
closer around themselves.
The breakthrough came on
Thursday with passage of the
minimum wage bill. Then, in short
order on Friday:
l. A $50 billion bill to carry for
ward a strengthened mutual Secu-
rity program in the face of grow
ing world tensions was approved
by the Senate Appropriations
Committee. 1t restored main cuts
made in the funds by the House.
. A $500 million special aid
program for Latin America, re-
quested by President Eisenhower
only last week, was authorized by
the Senate in a 54-to-19 vote.
Most of the funds are to be used
for major economic development
to improve living standards in the
Central and South American re-
publics. The rest is to help re-
habilitate Chile after its earth
quakes and floods.
3. BY a voice vote, the Senate
sent to the House a bill raising
price support levels for milk.
4. A measure authorizing sub
sides for the depressed lead and
zinc mining industry was passed
by a 59-to-28 vote.
Both the last two bills face
possible veto.
Evening star., 1960-08-21
Politics Active

If legislation pushed ahead last
week the same could be said of
politics.
Senator Humphrey. Democrat
of Minnesota. led off with a rouser
on Vice President Nixon's "absn-
doning" his team mate in the Eli
senhower administration, Secre-
tary of Agriculture Benson. He
read some glowing tributes to Mr..
Benson from Nixon in years
gone by. Senator Keating, Repub-
lican of New York, read some Bit
ing criticism of Democratic Nomi-
nee Kennedy from
You can stop right there" in
terposed Senator Humphrey, Il
said it in the heat of battle in
West Virginia"
Senator Scott. Republican of
Pennsylvania. tore into a set of
circumstances which saw Sena-
tor Kennedy'S family's Founda-
ton allotting 100000 to bring $50
African students to the United
States after the State Depart
ment had refused to put up the
money for the purpose.
Senator Young. Democrat OF
Ohio, rose to say that while the
other Senators had been disport-
ing themselves doing everything
but making laws he'd been clock
ing the time Vice President Nixon
spent at his job in the Presiding
Officers chair. 1t was hours, 55
minutes and 4 seconds during the
first week of the session.
Answering that took up two
hours of the 100 Senators time.
Outraged Republicans related
the amount of attention the Dem
ocrats' nominee is giving to his
duties. OF the 159 roll calls in
the session so far, said they far
less succintly than this. Mr.. Ken
nedy had answered only 80.
And so it went.
Evening star., 1960-08-21
Key Problem

The key problem between Mr..
Lumumba who, like Fidel Castro
in Cuba, is a leader who does not
seem to know how to govern, and
the United Nations (Mr. Ham
marskjold is over Katanga, the
richest section of the vast Congo.
After Belgium granted inde-
pendence to the Congo. Katanga,
under Noise Tshombe, announced
it had seceeded from the rest Of
the new nation. Mr.. Lumumba
invited U. N. troops into the
Congo so that Belgian soldiers,
who were protecting white resi-
dents from assault and rapine,
could be sent home. Then he de-
manded that this U. N. force
help him bring down the govern
ment of Premier Tshombe.
After some shifting back and
forth, Mr.. Hammarskjold visited
Katanga and later announced
that the U. N. troops would not
be party to an anti-Tshombe
move. This was a clear rejection
of the Lumumba demand.
Mr.. Lumumba, who seemed to
many observers to have been
coached by Soviet advisers, then
sought to discredit Mr.. Hammar-
skiold. He called for a group Of
Afro-AsianS to replace the Secre-
tary General as observers in the
Congo and threatened to invade
Katanga if this were not dCne.
He denounced the Swedish con-
tingent in tine U. N. force and
pathetically tried to prove that
they could not be fair because the
Swedish and Belgian royal fam
lilies are linked by kinship.
The Russians also took up the
cudgels against Mr.. Hammar-
skiold, whom they branded as
a stooge for American imperial
lists" They said he played a
"disgraceful role" by comforting
with the traitor" Mr.. TShombe.
Evening star., 1960-08-21

leave, then it must, of course, do
so. In this unhappy event, the
opinion is that the big powers can
best serve world peace by making
no threats Of intervention and no
sub rosa, agitations for violence
lest the prediction Of George Or
we'll in his satirical novel, 1894"
come true.
Mr.. Orwell saw Central Africa,
with its vast wealth in minerals
and other resources, one of the
worlds great battlefields in 1884
and a great prize of war coveted
by each of the two evenly balanced
groups Of powers.
Evening star., 1960-08-21

was a rocket-struck his plane at
$4,000 feet and brought it down.
Pentagon sources responded
more specifically. They said tape
recordings of the excited talk Of
Soviet anti-aircraft crews during
the Powers flight are tucked away
in the National Security Agency's
files.
Evening star., 1960-08-21
Los Angeles Times

greSs could be accomplished Just
doesn't have any legislative ex-
perience or background" said he.
AS for the three or four must bills
Largely the same as those on the
Senate'S calendar - they'd get
around to them all right. They
might even start this week.
Evening star., 1960-08-21

tor Kennedy and others and was
the one adopted in the Democrats
platform in Los Angeles The
House has approved a bill without
the Social Security angle. The
administration has backed a SINH
lar plan.
Evening star., 1960-08-21
THE NATIONAL SCENE
Action and Politics in Congress:
Wage, Aid Bills Emerge First
THE NATIONAL SCENE

The Senate passed on Thurs
day night the Kennedy wage
hour bill by a vote of 62 to "a.
Evening star., 1960-06-16

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Evening star., 1960-07-02

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Evening star., 1960-07-02

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