davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-05-08
BY GEORGE w. OAKES
Contributing Writer

More than half of all college
and university housing built in
this country last year was financed
by the Federal Government. The
college housing loan program, be-
gun in 1851, has been one of the
Governments most successful
lending operations and has never
had loan defaulted in principal
or interest.
Since the programs inception
Federal loans totalling ST Its ,000,-
900 have been granted to 1900
college and university projects.
Housing accommodations totalling
205,000 has been provided at COL
leges, universities and hospitals as
we'll as nearly a hundred related
facilities such as student unions,
student centers. dining halls,
cafeterias and health centers.
This month Senate and House
hearings will be held preparatory
to congressional action authoriz-
ing additional loan funds. A real
fight for the continuance of the
program is anticipated because
the administration has refused
to include it in its budget and
instead has recommended as
an alternative a long-term bond
program with Federal funds only
for servicing the debt. Under the
Eisenhower proposal the bonds
would be sold through commercial
channels to private investors at a
higher interest rate than the COL
leges now pay the Government.
Democrats Bock II
However, the Democratic con-
gressional leadership, which has
strongly backed Senator Spark
man and Representative Rains in
their successful efforts to keep
the college housing program, is
trying to reject the administra-
tons substitute. The Democrats
are being supported by the entire
college and university community,
Evening star., 1960-05-08

tigating criminal cases. Both were
flrst-rate boxers.
Opinions and tastes?
Holmes was his creators mouth
piece, save for drugs and violin
playing. For instance, while
Holmes was preaching the i'm
portance of Anglo American
friendship, Conan Doyle was
founding, with Winston Churchill
and a few other influential men,
the Pilgrims Society for that very
purpose. Just as Holmes is sum-
moned to Odessa to investigate 2
murder, so is his creator asked
to Warsaw for the same purpose.
And it goes on like that ad infini-
tum.
In 1880. knowing that he was
dying, Conan Doyle at last put it
on record: "If anyone is Sherlock
Holmes then I confess it is my
self"
But he had done something
else in the best tradition of
Holmes own sense of humor.
Clues in Stories
Into the texture of the stories
he had carefully woven a whole
series of clues identifying himself
with mis- creation. No less than
"a of these have been discovered,
and I have no doubt that others
still remain hidden.
The impact of Holmes on the
police world was immediate in its
results. While dilletsntes, includ-
ing my father, with tongue in
cheek, talked about Bell, Edgar
Allan Poe, Uncle Tom Cobbley
and others, the criminologists
were closely studing the new
methods invented by Holmes Gre
ator.
These included the use of plas-
ter of paris for preserving delicate
traces. the differentiation of to-
bacco ashes, the examination of
dust from a mans clothing to
establish his profession or locality,
etc.
In my fathers private archives
the testimonies abound.
Conan Doyle was an absolutely
astonishing scientific investigator.
From the chief of the Surete
police laboratories)
MANY of the methods invented
by Conan Doyle are today in use
in scientific laboratories" Can
English criminologist.)
AS l look back on my boyhood,
can recall many small incidents,
some merely amusing, some full
of color and atmosphere, which
made Sherlock Holmes a living
part OF our everyday lives.
For instance. the convict just
out of prison arriving one evening
to seek an interview with Conan
Doyle. After he left, my father
showed me tiny, moist pellet of
paper which had been concealed in
the convict's hollow tooth. 1t was a
secret message from Sltaer.
Doyle Solved Murder
On one occasion, my father
called me to the study and, look
ing very grave, proceeded TO re-
count to me all the details of his
work in famous murder
case in which he had rescued a
wrongly condemned man. His
Evening star., 1960-05-08

expand at a constant rate re-
gardless of the work to be done.
NSF manages to handle its work
with a payroll of only about 480
persons at an administrative
overhead cost of approximately
4 per cent of the budget. Many
agencies with less impact on the
economy have larger and costlier'
mimeograph battalions.
No Empire Builder
For bureaucrat-aS DR.. Water
man must be classified by virtue
of his years at the helm of
major Government office - the
NSF director is singularly I'M
bureaucratic in his outlook. He
shuns the idea of empire building
and rejects the idea that NSF
might become the nucleus of
Department of Science" Such a
department is a pet project of
DR.. Wallace Brode, science ad-
wiser to the Secretary of State.
by coincidence, DR.. Brode's
Identical twin brother, Robert, is
associate director of NSF0
Explaining his opposition to an
all-embracing science department,
DR.. Waterman says development
work must be the responsibility of
the agency that is going to use
the end-product. You can't have
some overall department telling
them what to do" he adds.
DR.. Waterman points out that
one major research agency-the
National Bureau of Standards
is under the Department of Com
merce because "75 per cent of
the bureaus work is service
function to industry and the rest
is research and development to
go with the main work" If the
Standards Bureau were to become
a part of science department,
the service side of its work would
suffer, DR.. Waterman asserts.
Hardly a branch of science has
been untouched by the influence
of NSF in its brief decade of
existence. An outstanding con-
trlbution of the foundation was
Evening star., 1960-05-08

additional 81 billion will be re-
quired to rehabilitate present
housing.
Whot Is Proposed Now
Senator Sparkman favors an
authorization of $500 million of
which $3.50 million would be avail
able on passage to take care of the
backlog of approved applications
and a supplementary $3.50 million
to be available on July l. In the
House Representative Rains would
like $500 million a year for two
years, effective July /, 1860. Pres
ent indications are that Congress
will adopt in the new housing bill
a program somewhere between
these two proposals and then see
whether the President will yeto
it in an election year.
The leading universities of the
country like Columbia. Yale, Dart
mouth, Johns Hopkins. University
of Chicago, Carnegie Tech and the
University of Southern California
have all helped meet their hous-
ing needs through this Federal
loan program. In fact, its bene-
ficiaries represent a complete
crosS-section of American higher
education-private, public, denom-
national and n-denominational.
For example, here are the pro-
grams accomplishments in the
Washington area: At Georgetown
University a mems dormitory for
200 students was financed by
S1,192,000 loan and occupied in
1858. Another and larger mems
dormitory for 400 students, in
cluding a huge cafeteria for LOO
students, was completed last fall
under a $28 million loan. Also.
housing has been provided for 178
student nurses and 81 faculty
members through an additional
loan of $1,249,000.
George Washington University
made use of the college housing
program to buy and convert in
1858 two apartment houses into
dormitories for 1873 men and 1876
Evening star., 1960-05-08
By WILLIAM HINES
Star Science Writer

Alan Tower Waterman, Ph.D.,
the first (and to date only Direc-
tor of the National Science Foun-
dation, sees his principal task as
that of hampering the operation
of a sort of scientific Greshams
Law.
The original Gresham's Law,
applicable to economics, held that
'bad money drives out good" DR..
Waterman observes that the scien-
tiflc version-originally propound-
ed by Vannevar Bush-holds that
applied research drives out basic"
1t is DR.. Watermans view of his
own, and his Foundations, job to
protect the interests of basic
research.
Basic research goes to the heart
of natures mysteries, while ap-
piled research seeks methods for
making nature work for mankind.
Examples would be the asking of
two questions: First, why does the
uranium atom act as it does?
Second, what can we do with this
peculiar atom? The first question
is typical of the basic researcher;
the second, of the seeker after
applications.
The Foundation celebrates the
10th anniversary of its founding
T1InCHou DrociIoFot
signed its enabling act on May
10, 1850, some six years after
the proposal for National Re-
search Foundation" was put be-
fore President Roosevelt during
World War II. NSF today is the
nearest thing to a successor to
DR.. Bush's Office of Scientific
Research and Development.
But it is much more than just
q latter-day OSRD. Operating
with amazingly little overhead and
red tape, NSF has disbursed al
most half a billion dollars in aid
of science and scientists.
Request for $l9l Million
NSF has come a long way since
fiscal 1852, when the White House
asked for S14 million, the House
cut, the request to 100000, the
Senate boosted it to Sc million
and a conference agreed on $3.5
million. The difference today is
in degree rather than in kind:
The figures are bigger but the
fight still goes on. This years
request was record $191.6 mil
lions slashed at this point to S160
million.
What does the Foundation do
with its money? Principally, two
things: % grants in support ~of
basic research and C2) grants de-
signed to improve the qualifica-
tons of science teachers. A third
major project is about to get
under way, if the money is forth
coming-grants to enable worthy
colleges to refurbish their obsolete
research laboratories.
DR.. Waterman has resisted quite
effectively the tendency of an
other law-Parkinson's-to oper-
ate in his section of the Govern
ment. This law holds that bureaus
Evening star., 1960-05-08

women with a 81 ,250, 900 loan.
American University has OBJ
tained loans totalling $2,534, 900
which have provided dormitory
accommodations for $50 men and
women
Catholic University has built a
200-man dormitory and student
union mostly with a Federal loan
of $3.50. 900. Also, the University
of Maryland at College Park,
Trinity College and Dunbarton
College of Holy Cross have bene-
flied from Federal college housing
loans.
How Proerom Operotes
This is the way the program
operates:
A college can borrow up to So
million in a single year for which
it now pays 3ls per cent on loans
approved during the current fiscal
year. Most loans run for a period
of 40 years. These terms are con-
siderably more advantageous than
a college could arrange through
commercial channels. In fact, pri-
vate colleges would probably have
to pay from 5l2-6 per cent in
terest and public colleges from
AZ to 434 per cent interest.
At present repayments by the
colleges to the Government are
running at the rate of SO million
a year and no loan has defaulted.
The two basic tests for loan are
the colleges need for the facility
and the revenue that it will pro-
duce. The colleges obtain most Of
their funds to meet the amortiza-
ton costs of the loan from stu
dent rentals for the use of dor
mitories.
One interesting aspect Of the
program is that there has been
no Federal dictation over the way
the money is used. In fact there
is not even a required Federal
architectural standard. The coll
lege buildings are constructed en-
tirely at the discretion Of the par
ticular institution.
Evening star., 1960-05-08

object in sending for me was to
tell me the name of the real
murderer, who had not been, and
never was, arrested by the police
despite the evidence that my
father had placed at their dis
posal. He wanted his son to
know the name lust in case"
though he bound me to keep
silent unless conditions arose
which might threaten any third
party.
When in the mood, he would
often entertain US in public places
by identifying the profession and
background of complete strangers.
Again and again we were able
to check up on his statements
and almost invariably they we're
correct.
He incidentally held the view
that the great majority possess
the faculty of observation if only
people would take the trouble to
develop it.
His impact-or rather the i'm
pact of Sherlock HolmeS-on men
and women in every walk of life
deserves a large volume of its
own.
Influenced Greet and Small
To mention a few that occur
to me at random:
When Abdul Hamed of Turkey
lay on his death bed, his cham
berlain entered the royal bed
room. He has recorded with dis
may that he found the dying
man propped up on his pillows
reading the Hound of the Bas-
kervilles," which he continued to
read till his last gasp.
The FBI headquarters at Frank
lin Roosevelt's country retreat was
called Baker Street" by the Pres
ident.
In the same year that Chris
tian Dior named two numbers of
his dress collection Sherlock
Holmes" the natives of a small
town in the Sudan burned down a
local cinema because the wretched
operator could not offer them the
second reel of an early Sherlock
Holmes film after they had seen
the first.
find it difficult to express the
thrill with which my brother and
Evening star., 1960-05-08

sister and I awaited the evening
hour when our huge father would
descend from the study to the
billiard room, there to read aloud
to us his days work.
My mother played an extremely
important part in his life, for not
only did she protect him from all
intrusion from the outside world
when he was engaged on his work,
but it was she who saved from
destruction many of the most in
teresting documents in the ar
chives. My father had a habit of
hurting letters, pages of manu-
script and other papers, the con-
tents of which he had noted. into
his wastepaper basket, which was
the size of a normal armchair.
To my fathers vast amusement
every night, that basket was car
ried by the butler to my mother,
who painstakingly salvaged and
kept for posterity a wide range of
documents which any man with
worldly sense would have pre-
served in the strongroom of a
bank.
In returning to Holmes l must
put on record that it was not only
the criminologists who recognized
the clear thinking. the foresight,
the remarkable perception that
spoke, if I may use the term,
through the lips of the puppet on
my fathers knee.
The statesmen and the military
leaders of his day realized it as
well. Churchill. Lloyd George,
Austen Chamberlain, Field Mar
shall Lord Roberts, Lord Haie, etc.
IN the black deed boxes of
Sherlock Holmes" their mes
sages and letters have been se-
creted for nearly half a century.
Wos VoIued Adviser
The influence of Holmes Gre
ator. as patriot, a military
prophet, and wise counselor in
the service of England, was felt
behind the scenes in every major
crisis between 1890 and the end
of the First World War.
When, in 1912, he was to visit
America for the second time. Pres
ident Theodore Roosevelt issued
special instructions that he was
to be informed directly that Sir
Arthur Conan Doyle arrived on
American soil. Was it merely to
shake his old friend by the hand?
hardly think so.
My father never accepted a
penny for his criminal investiga-
tions, nor for his defense of VIC
TINS of injustice. Indeed. once he
was quite sure that a man was in
nocent, he would if necessary pay
out of his own pocket all the legal
expenses of some poor devil. To
the helpless and penniless victim,
he was the last court of appeal.
And he never failed.
Even to the day of his passing
this great Englishman preserved
the high sense of adventure. the
calm courage and manliness that
run like an evergreen sap through
the saga of his tales of Sherlock
Holmes.
Il have had many adventures"
he wrote shortly before his death.
THE greatest and most glorious
of all awaits me now"
(Copyright, 1850, by the
North American Newspaper AllianceD
Evening star., 1960-05-08
Foundation Rededicotes Itself
To Bosic Scientific Research

in connection with the Interna-
tional Geophysical Year; another
in the satellite instrument
tation field; still another in
Antarctic exploration.
Meeting Competition
DR.. Waterman sees the foun-
dation-and the country-faced
with the big future scientific
challenge of meeting the compe-
tition of other nations. I'm not
just talking about Russia in SCI
ence," DR.. Waterman elaborates.
I'm thinking of China. too -
the threat there is much worse;
China is bigger. its scientists are
very good, and its science is
coming along"
Not only the Eastern Big Two
are rising to challenge the United
States. the NSF director points
out. Look at the Germans and
Japanese: great organizers, very
industrious, love to work.
"Work-we don't seem to love
it the way they do. And some-
how we don't believe very
strongly in pure science"
Another challenge lies in i'm
proving the quality of secondary
school teaching in the sciences,
DR.. Waterman believes. Through
summer institutes at colleges
supported but not dictated to by
NSF-about $4,000 teachers a
year are brushing up on this vital
group of subjects.
This is essential" DR.. Water
man says. Bring bright boy
or girl up against science teacher
without an aptitude for teaching,
and you've lost a student. He or
she goes somewhere else"
The Foundation Setup
DR.. Waterman's Foundation is
supervised by a 24-member Ma
tional Science Board to which he
belongs ex-officio and whose
Chairman is National Academy of
Sciences President Detlev w.
Bronx. The Academy and the
Foundation are close physically as
well as intellectually. The Foun-
dation is in the 1900 block of
Constitution avenue NV. Gin the
old Atomic Energy Commission
building) and the Academy is in
the 2100 block.
DR.. Waterman is a gentle, white
haired man of slightly less than
average height. At 81 he has the
air and quiet wit of a college
teacher, as he was for many years.
A native of Cornwall on Hudson,
N. Y, DR.. Waterman took his
Phi. D. in physics at Princeton and
taught that subject at Yale. In
point of his divided Ivy League
loyaltles. DR.. Waterman once told
the story of a classified ad in a
newspaper offering a job oppor-
tunity and specifying that the ap-
plicant must be Yale graduate
or equivalent"
One applicant, according to DR..
Waterman. wrote in to ask what
equivalent" meant-"two Har-
ward men, or a Princeton man
part-time2"
Evening star., 1960-05-08
BY WILLIAM r. FRYE
Contributing Writer

; UNITED NATIONS. N. Y
United Nations Secretary General
Dag HammarSkjold has begun TO
play what is, for him, the highly
unusual role of a political Cassan-
dra-snd many here believe the
world would do well to sit up and
listen.
What Mr.. Hammarskjold is say
ing is that the United Nations as
an institution may wither away,
or fail to fulfill its real mission.
If it is not given more significant
tasks to do.
He is not speaking of his own
Office. He, of course, has been
given far too much to do-more
than any one man, however able,
could successfully handle Nearly
everything that has stumped
member governments in the last
five years has been dumped in his
lap.
What Mr.. HammarSkjold is con-
cerned about is the tendency to
bypass the U. N. when major new
international undertakings are be-
gun. The Eisenhower atoms-for-
peace agency, he points out, was
set up with only the most tenuous
of courtesy links to the world or
ganization. And now the great
powers seem ready to do the same
thing in the field of disarmament.
Outside the U. N.
Three things specifically bother
abe secretary general:
Q The United States. Britain, and
Russia are thinking seriously of
setting up an entirely new organi-
cation to control ban on nuclear-
weapons tests. The U. NJ, Mr..
Hammarskjold believes, could log
ically do this job.
. The Western powers at Geneva
have proposed that, if and when
agreement is reached on other
disarmament ps-admittedly a
more hypothetical proposition
these steps, too. should be con-
trolled by new and separate
organization.
. The West has proposed that
an entirely new International DO
lice force be set up to keep the
peace in disarmed world, ignor-
ing the fact that such a force was
blueprinted in the U. N. charter.
1t is news that Mr.. Ham,
marskjold is bothered about great
power tendencies to bypass the
U. N. Previously he has made ex-
cuses for the great powers, saying
1t didn't really matter much who
did job so long as it got done.
Now, however, he is worried,
and has begun to speak out. He
pnade trip to Geneva last month,
before the disarmament con-
ference recessed, to protest to that
body. He continued the campaign
this past week in a speech in
Chicago.
Evening star., 1960-05-08

English gentleman, with his sense
of justice, of honor and fair play.
A staggering amount of non
sense has been written about
Holmes, in some cases through
ignorance. in others through jeal-
ousy of my fathers genius.
Writing not only as his son
but-and this is far more impor-
tant-aS curator of his extraordi-
nary archives I may state at once
that, insofar as anyone was Sher-
lock Holmes, then it was Conan
Doyle himself.
And it Is significant that the
only two men who have explored
his rchives-John Dickson Carr,
the mystery writer and my ia
theirs biographer, and Prof. We'll
Nordon, who has spent the last
five years in his researches-are
both in entire agreement on this.
But it was my father himself
who largely confused the issue.
Firstly, he was too great an art
ist to identify himself openly with
his own character of fiction; Sec
ondly, he considered that Holmes
obscured his more important writ
ingS.
Evening star., 1960-05-08
Public outsmorted Experts.

The truth was there, and it is
worth putting on record that the
intelligence of the much-maligned
public perceived that, truth far
more effectively than some little
groups of self-styled experts"
And now let us go right up to
those two gigantic figures, Conan
Doyle and Sherlock Holmes, one
real and the other fictional. and
examine them, as it were, under
Holmes own magnifying glass to
discover what they had in COM
mon.
Background?
Both were the descendants of
country squires. Both had French
blood in their veins.
Habits?
Both worked in old dressing
gowns. were monstrously untidy
with their papers, kept loaded pis-
tolls on or in their desks, smoked
clay pipes, shut themselves of
from the whole world when inves-
Evening star., 1960-05-08
ELEMENTARY, MY DEAR WATSON
The Real Holmes: Was He Conan DOYLE? :?

In this article, Adrian Conan
Doy.e, son of the creator
of Sherlock Holmes and him.
self a weIl-knOwn writer, ex-
plains why he believes that
there was only one ''reaF' Sher-
lock Holmes, Sir Arthur Conan
Doyle himself, and reveals many
interesting details of his fathers
personality, nearly as complex
as that of his famous flctional
detective.