davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-08-07
CRISES ARE HIS 144Y FARE - - ===== -
Dr. Bunche: Our Busiest Diplomat

type-carrier among other things.
Attaining Phi Beta Kappa, he
went on to take his masters de-
gree at Harvard in 1923 and later
that year started teaching at
Howard University in Washing
ton, where he established the De-
partment Of Political Science. He
resigned from Howard with the
rank Of professor in 1850.
In 1938-40, following his post
doctoral studies and as a staff
member of the Carnegie Corpora
ton, DR.. Bunche was chief aide
to Gunnar Myrdal in preparation
Of what is considered the classic
study Of the American Negro, IAN
American Dilemma" His research
for the book resulted in close calls
with violence in more than one
Southern town.
During World War II DR.. Bunche
went to work for the Office of
Strategic Services, making infor-
nation available to the Joint
Chiefs Of Staff on Asian and Afri-
can colonial areas where Ameri-
can forces served. He had volun-
teered for military service but was
rejected because of an old leg in
jury which he received while play
ing football at the University of
California and which still bothers
him.
Joined Stote Department
He was asked to join the State
Department in 1914 and did so,
rising from Area Specialist on At
rica and Dependent Areas to As
sociate Chief of Dependent Area
Affairs. He was a member of the
United States delegations to the
conferences at Dumbarton Oaks
in 1914 and San Francisco in 1945
and the First U. N. General As
sembly in London in 1916. He
helped draw up the non"self-gov-
erning territories and trusteeship
sections Of the U. N. Charter and
was recognized as an authority on
Colonial problems.
In 1946 the U. N. received a
loan Of DR.. Bunche from the State
Department to help organize and
head the U. N. Department of
TrusteeShip. He has made no Sc
cret Of the fact that one reason
he left Washington was the dis
elimination he and his family had
to endure despite his high position.
He was married in 1880 to Ruth
Ethel Harris, a school teacher from
Alabama who had been one of his
students at Howard. They have
two daughters and a son, whose
application to the exclusive West
Side Tennis Club of Forest Hills,
N. Y, made headlines earlier this
year when DR.. Bunche pointed out
his sons rejection-later rescinded
because Of his race. The Bunches
live in Tudor-style house in Kew
Gardens, Queens, N. Y.
While DR.. Bunche headed the
Trusteeship Department until
1854, it was his role as a U. N.
trouble-shooter in Palestine that
brought him world acclaim and in
itiated the series of special as
signments that now has him in the
Congo.
He went to Palestine in l947
with the U. N. committee that
recommended partition of that
country between the Arab states
and Israel. He was marked for
assassination by Zionist extremists
with Count Folke Bernadotte,
U. N. Mediator in Palestine, but
by chance he happened not to he
with his chief when Bernadotte
was shot in September, 1948, and
DR.. Bunche assumed the RESPONSE
bility Of directing the night-and-
day negotiations that dragged on
for three months on the island of
Evening star., 1960-08-07

to call the Security Council into
emergency session and ask for au-
thority to send U. N. troops from
member-nations into the Congo to
stabilize the situation. He was in
constant touch with DR.. Bunche
on the scene. and on July Is. as
the first U. N. troops from Ghana
and Tunisia arrived, he appointed
his special representative as COM
mander Of the U. N. Force pending
arrival Of Mai. Gen. Carlson Won
Horn Of Sweden.
DR.. Bunche continues as the
Secretary Generals personal rep
resentative in the Congo, with
both Gen. Won Horn and DR.. Sture
c. Linner. chief of U. N. Civilian
Operations in the Congo, reporting
through him. He has had some
ticklish encounters with both Bel
gian and Congolese authorities,
both before Mr.. Hammarskj jold
arrived July 28 and with his chief.
His latest job was the touchy one
Of going to rebellious Katanga
Province to pave the way for entry
Of U. N. troops.
The CongoleSe situation is not
DR.. Bunche's first experience in
Africa. Nor is it likely to be his
last. with 16 African states due for
independence this year alone and
the precedent of a wide and de-
cisive U. N. role in the continent
having been set partly with his
help.
For his doctorate thesis at Har-,
ward University, young Bunche
decided to compare the rule Of a
inundated area. French Togoland,
with that of a colony, Dahomey, in
French West Africa. On his second
fellowship from Harvard, he made
field trips under primitive condi-
Evening star., 1960-08-07
BY DAY INOSHITA
Associated Press star Writer

HIROSHIMA, Japan. - Horns
honked raucously as a tingled line
Of taxis and buses piled up along
Hiroshima's main thoroughfare.
A happy, shouting crowd milled
Once upon o time, Hiroshima wos
pleasant town noted mostly for its
oysters and rice wine. Then the otom
bomb scored the name Hiroshima into
history. Neither the city nor the world
con forget thot sunbrieht flash Of
deoth IS yeors ego, but new city and
new spirit hove risen from the ashes.
through the bars and cabarets
of the Hatchobori section.
A tourist who had descended
from a train a half hour earlier
stared dumbfounded. whats the
celebration?" He said.
A man turned and grinned.
What celebration" He said.
Our baseball team just won
another ball game"
A half mile away in the anti
septically clean interior of the
Atom Bomb Memorial Hospital,
Isao Morishige stirred wearily in
his bed and groaned.
IT wonder how the wife and
children are getting along" he
whispered aloud. But what's the
use. Even If I get out of this
hospital, I won't be able to go
back to driving cars again, not
with this body" He slapped
angrily at the scars on his chest
and WINGED as pain stabbed his
body.
These are the two faces of
Hiroshima today, IS years after
1t was shattered by the most ter
rible weapon to be used by man
against man.
It was on August 6, 1945, that
a lone B-29 high over Hiroshima
dropped a strange new bomb
which exploded with the binding
flash Of thousand suns"
A Plain Of Deoth
The awesome "pikadon"-the
flash and conclusion which fol-
lowed-transformed a military
port Of 100000 people in one in
slant into plain Of death.
Official police records said the
bomb left 91,233 dead and missing
and more than 10000 others in
jured. Some Japanese sources
claim the death toll was nearer
100000. Japanese doctors also
claim victims are still dying of
radioactivity.
Hiroshima, at its death in 1945,
was the home of the 5th Imperial
Army Division and chief supply
center of the Kure naval base
Evening star., 1960-08-07

Self destructive equipment Is
standard on all such planes. And
the West would have benefited
immensely if it had been used.
The Importance of destroying
the plane is pointed up by the
contrasting case Of the RB-47
which disappeared over the
BarentS Sea July /. In this case,
the evidence was destroyed
either by the RB-47 crew or by
American search parties that beat
the Russians to the wreckage.
Russia sent out search party
of its own, it will be recalled.
Though lacking evidence, Mos
COW nonetheless brought the RIB
Al into the U. N. Security Council
in an effort to make the same
kind of hay it made in the U-2
case. The effort failed, or at least
had very limited success. Moscow
got no support whatever Except
from Communist Poland) in the
U. N.
The lesson is clear, q. N. people
say. Whereas Soviet diplomacy
"shot down" the U-2 program, the
RB-47s are still aloft. If Powers
had destroyed his U-2. no one
could have proved that it had not
been an innocent weather plane
which strayed off course in Tur-
key.
Destroying the Evidence
And much more than the U-2s
would have been saved. The sum-
NIT conference undoubtedly would
have been held. President Eisen-
hover would have had his direct
impact on the Soviet and Japa-
nese people, EaSt-West relations
might have been very different,
and quite possibly the balance Of
personal power within the Krem-
lin would be more to Western lik-
ing.
What matters, from the point
of view of United States national
interest, is that any future agent
placed in a position Of free choice
again. it is not proven that
Powers had a free choice-should
choose to destroy the evidence. It
is. contrariwise, in Russia's ma
tional interest that he should re-
spond first to the natural impulse
of self-preservation.
This is why many here expect
Powers to escape the firing squad.
His example then would help pro-
vide future incentive. 1t also is
why the United States State De-
partment has shown little eager
ness to champion his cause. Much
more than the fate of single in
dividual is at stake.
Evening star., 1960-08-07
Light Punishment
For Powers Seen
BY WILLIAM r. FRYE
Contributing Writer

UNITED NATIONS, N. Y.-The
trial Of U-2 Pilot Francis Gary
Powers, scheduled to begin in Mos
COW August II, may contain o
number Of surprises. The free
world should be ready for them,
q. N. diplomats say, in order to
minimize their psychological i'm
pact.
The proceedings will, Of course,
be propaganda circus. Especially
If Powers has been persuaded" by
his Moscow jailers to turn states
evidence-and Russia has many
cruel means Of "persuasion"-the
trial will be one long stream of
invective against the United
States.
But this will not be the main
point Of the exercise. The Krem-
Inns real objective is to undermine
the effectiveness of American in
telligence operations, to weaken
and divide the Western alliance, to
array Soviet opinion behind it's
new Stalinist line in foreign af-
fairs.
To this end, the West can ex-
pect sensational" disclosure
about the mission Of the U-2s, the
organization and execution Of
American intelligence, and per-
haps even its personnel, tactics,
and deployment. Some Of it will
be sheer fiction; some, no doubt.
will be authentic and quite pos
sibly embarrassing to the Central
Intelligence Agency.
Evening star., 1960-08-07
A Grim Necessity

U. N. people hope Western opin-
ion will not turn out to be squean-
ish about espionage. 1t is not a
parlor game. 1t Is a grim necessity
Of the cold war, and it cannot be
conducted according to the Mar
quis Of Queensberry rules.
Diplomats here doubt that the
climax of the Powers trial will
consist in leading the accused off
to face a firing squad. This may
be the biggest surprise Of all. 1t
is in Russia's national interest.
they say, to give Powers as light
q sentence as Soviet public
opinion will swallow.
Why? Because if Powers gets
of lightly, there will be maxi
mum incentive for other agents
to choose survival If faced with
the same moment Of truth" that
Powers presumably confronted
on May l.
There are two ways Of viewing
the Powers case. it is pointed out.
One involves sympathy for Powers
as Q human being caught in the
NAV Of a merciless machine--a
man who may well have been
through seven hells of physical
and mental torture, compounded
by the knowledge that had he
acted differently, or been able to
act differently, he might have
spared his country hideous
damage.
Cold War Incident
The other way Of viewing the
Powers case is as an incident in
the East-West cold war with
repercussions incredibly disadvan-
tageous for the West.
We do not know for certain
that Powers could have destroyed
his U-2 on May /, thus keeping
valuable evidence out of the
hands Of the Russians. Perhaps
he tried and the mechanism
failed: or perhaps he was tenn
porarily disabled in some man
ner. But the presumption is that
he could have, had he been will
ing to risk his life in the process.
Evening star., 1960-07-24
BY w. H. YOUNGMAN
Star Garden Editor

THE trick in vegetable gar
dening is to make paintings at
different times during the sea-
son to keep fresh stuff coming
on, is the comment made by
Grover C. Shelton, 68, a retired
plumber living at 510l Twenty
sixth street, North, Arlington,
Va. While Mr.. Shelton practices
his succession paintings from
early spring to late fall, most
gardeners think Of 1t only in
terms of sweet corn (if they
have the space and of string
beans. Mr.. Shelton is a real
garden lobbyist who comes by
it naturally. He was raised on
a farm near Danville.
His practice Of making many
paintings during the season in
sures high productivity from
his garden plot. Undoubtedly,
he has already begun planting
for his fall harvest because
broccoli, Brussels sprouts and
caulif1ower, if they are desired,
should go into the ground
(plants be set out) during the
first half Of July. Seed of
Chinese cabbage, collards, en-
Evening star., 1960-07-24
New Institute to Offer
Glasses on Marriage

Formation of the Marriage
Preparation Institute Of the
National Capital Area for en-
gagged or recently married cou-
Piles was announced yesterday
by the institutes four sponsor
ing organizations.
The institute will conduct
classes this fall to give marital
counseling. Couples will be ad-
dressed by specialists in the
fields Of spiritual harmony.
money management, physical
harmony and inter-personal
relationships"
The groups forming the in
stitute include the Council of
Churches. National Capita
Area; Planned Parenthood AS
sociation of the District of
Columbia, Wesley Theological
Seminary, and American Uni
versity.
Start October 4
The first series of classes
conducted by the new institute
will be held on Tuesday eve
nings, starting October 4, from
7 pm. to 9 pm. at Wesley
Theological Seminary, 440O
Massachusetts, avenue NV
The second series of classes also
will be held on successive Tues
days. beginning November l.
Evening star., 1960-07-24
Z at Fort BeIvoir
Get Army Medal

Two officers at Fort Belvoir
have received the Army Com
mendation Medal for their work
with the Army Engineer Re-
search and Development Lab
oratories.
Maj. Gen. Gerald E. Gallo
way. commanding general of
Belvoir, presented the medal to
1t. Col. Melvin w. Godshall,
Army Transportation Corps liai-
son officer, and Capt. Frank B.
Afford, Air Force Air Research
and Development Command
liaison officer, in a ceremony
at the laboratories.
Col, Godshall, now complet-
ing a two-year tour of duty at
the engineer laboratories, is
S ch eduled for an overseas
assignment.
Capt. Afford, who has served
at the laboratories for four
years, is being assigned to Ed
wards Air Force Base, Calf.
Evening star., 1960-07-24
japanese Beetles

At a recent meeting Of the
Mems Garden Club, the ques-
ton was asked, "Are the Japa-
nese beetles getting to be i'm
mune to present control meth
ods or is this just an unusually
favorable season for them?"
Undoubtedly they are present
in greater numbers than for
some years and are doing more
damage to the foliage of the
shrubbery, but whether or not
they are developing resistance
to DDT and the Milky Spore
Disease is a question for the
experts. Regardless Of the an
swer, the gardener will want
to see that every lawn in his
neighborhood is treated with
the Milky Spore Disease and
probably chlordane. If the
lawn was treated some years
ago, it may need a booster
treatment. The beetles spend
about 8 or Q months feeding on
Evening star., 1960-07-24
anonymous Scale

From the Montgomery Coun-
ty Agents Office-"Euonymus
scale is appearing in heavy in
festations. Use Malathion, "a
cup Of $50 wettable powder
Malathion to 3 gallons of
water" Better make a note of
this formula If you have this
lovely evergreen shrub in your
garden. Malathion is the only
material that will control the
scale without the use of special
equipment. The effective use
OF emulSifiable oils is best OBJ
tanned with sprayerS equipped
with agitators.
Also, from the Montgomery
County Agents Office - 1--WE
have had several reports of
SEWN being used very effective
ly against Japanese beetles and
bagworms. Against beetles it
gives quick knockdown and ex-
cellent kill. Use SEWN in ac-
cordance with the label on the
package" '
Evening star., 1960-07-24
Range of Quiet Greens
Club Sees Homes
Near Shenandoah

The Blue Ridge Flower Club
Of Hume-Markham, Fauquier
County, Va. held a progressive
flower show and old homes
tour in the foothills of the
Shenandoah Mountains re-
Gently, with the theme of
Mountain Trails" Tourists
from the Washington area and
guests and members of the club
visited several old residences
where various clubs and in
dividualS won prizes.
Winners in the exhibits in
cluded: Francis Fauquier Gar
den Club, Blue Ridge Garden
Club, Valley Garden Club; Miss
Lucy Triplett, Mrs. Jack Nc
Carly, Mrs. Henry Saunders
Mrs. Hall Jeschke; Mrs. Frank
Rees, Mrs. Sam Edison. Mrs
James r. Jones and Mrs. Jack
KinZer.
Evening star., 1960-07-24
THIS WEEK,
IN YOUR GARDEN

And the rains came-just in
time for many gardeners. The
downpour, registering 2.3 inches
on my gauge. probably caused
much fertilizer to leak from
gardens and, it is likely, did
much washing Of soil on slopes.
However, the soil had become
so dry that plants were suffer-
ing, and it was badly needed.
The continued cool nights
and warm days favor mildew,
and most gardens are showing
the effects. Undoubtedly, con-
tinued spraying or dusting will
be necessary until there is a
marked change in the weather
pattern. Personally, prefer to
do the dusting and spraying as
this weather has definitely
promoted better lawns this sea-
son than for many years. Al
so, the nights are fine for sleep
ing.
Evening star., 1960-07-24
Sowing Seed

The time for sowing the seeds
of perennials and biennials is
rapidly passing. Better sow the
seed now and gain a season.
Plants from seedlings made now
should be large enough to be
transplanted to the border in
october and will put on a full
scale bloom next spring. If
nothing else is started this
summer, be sure to SOW a pack
age of pansy seed.
Most gardeners are busy
starting cuttings of azaleas,
camellias, holly and other
broadleaved evergreens. This
is the season, and growing new
plants from cuttings is lots of
fun.
Evening star., 1960-07-24
Limb HEIGHT
From Mr.. D. o. Tdumdn,
6016 Dodge Lane

From Mr.. d. o. T1umdn,
6016 Dodge Lane
Is there a general rule or
procedure to be followed as to
how low limbs should be
trimmed in order for the lowest
limbs to be 8 to 8 feet above
the ground when the tree ma
lures lash or maple)?
AnSUer
When trees are first set out
the lower branches are re-
moved and each year or two
additional branches are re-
moved so that in a few years
IS or 10-the lower ones are
at the desired height. Trees
grow from the top, not from
the bottom, hence a limb 8
feet from the ground when set
out will still be 3 feet from
the ground when the tree is
10, Is or so years ole.
AS the tree begins to reach
mature stature it is desirable
to remove the lower branches
to permit light and air to reach
the grass beneath. A minimum
height may be Is, 20 or even
more feet.
Evening star., 1960-07-24
Successive Paintings
Increase Productivity

dive. and turnips can go into
the ground now.
Garden Peas
Other crops, If the fall gar
den is to be highly productive
should be planted so that the
crop will mature during favor
able weather. Garden peas,
for example, might we'll be
planted during the last week
in August so that the pods
will be ready for picking about
the first of October.
Spinach may be seeded at
two-week intervals beginning
in mid-August and continued
until late September. The ear
lier paintings will mature dur
ing the cool fall weather. The
late paintings will live over
winter in the garden and pro-
vide the earliest Of harvestS in
the spring.
Manages Onions
Mr.. Shelton likes onions and
still manages to grow the kinds
he knew as a boy - Richmond
Hill "a potato onion not avail
able locality. He also knows his
lettuce and grows among others
the hardy Bibb which in most
years, when late planted, will
live over winter and produce
an early spring crop. Bibb is
a soft-head type of excellent
flavor.
Mr.. Shelton has a large gar
den (85 by 65) and can grow
many crops which are not suit
ed to the smaller plot -
potatoes, cantaloupeS, cucum-
bers, and vine squash. He grows
those kinds which can be can
ned or frozen for winter use.
His garden makes real con-
tribution to the family food
supply.
Evening star., 1960-07-24
Star Garden Clinic

w. H. Youngman, Star
Garden Editor, will be on duty
at the Flower and Plant Booth
of the Montgomery General
Hospital annual dinner and
bazaar Tuesday. The bazaar
will be on the Sherwood High
School grounds, Sandy Spring,
Md. Mr.. Youngman will be on
duty from Q until 6 pm. and
from 8 until 9 pm.
Evening star., 1960-07-24
You Can Create
Beauty
With Flowers
Combinations of RestfuI Greens
-By MRS. HERBERT H. GREGER.

quiet green's to create combina-
tions of restfulness and solid,
cool comfort. The green hues, of
all the range of colors, achieve
a feeling of GOODNESS and iest-
fulnesS.
without doubt, we shall find
abundance and unexpected fun
| if we consider not only the
green color of our pant ma
terial, but also the variety of
shape. surface texture and
various degrees of intensity and
color value.
There is a spot where I can
gather to my hearts desire the
most likely materials. Just be-
hind the house, where much OF
our outdoor living takes place,
my house plants are lush and
thriving. There the feeding
and watering is no problem,
Rather it is a problem to keep
them within bounds-to check
them from becoming too large
| for their places on the window
sillS. Therefore, I do not hesi-
tate to prune of leaves or
branches for my enjoyment and
use.
The bulky. compact forms
are leaves of the Fiddleleaf Fig
and the Rubber plant, while
the delicate forms and colors
belong to the silver-green
Tradescantia or Spiderwort,
and the succulent Sedum spec
table.
Contrasts Tied Together
I can only describe today's
group as a risky gathering OF
a group of unlike strangers. It
sounds alarming, yet these
strong contrasts are all har-
moniously tied together by
their unity Of color, the cool
variations of restful green.
The various components OF
this group practically arrange
themselves. Each occupies the
only possible spot where it can
be effective. You might call il
a lazy arrangement, since the
effort to do it, as well as the
effort to assemble the material
is very mild. The arrangement
is massive without any crowd
ing, it is interesting and some
what amusing, since the greer
seed pods of the tulip give the
center of the arrangement ap.
Ipearance of a silent odd-bal
convention.
Above all, the atmosphere o1
cool inaction, of rest and peace
is held captive in an equally
quiet and cool greenish con.
tainer.
Evening star., 1960-07-24
GIudioIus Society
Sets 18th Show

The National Gladiolus So
ciety's 18th annual show will
be held at the Botanic Garden
Saturday from 3 to 10 pm.
and Sunday from 10 am. to
9 pm. Anyone growing gladioli
can enter them without charge.
All exhibits must be in place
by 1890 pm. Saturday.
The theme of the show is
Summer Pleasures" Judging
will start promptly at l pm.
Saturday, and all awards will
be given Sunday at 7 pm. The
show is open to the public, and
there is no admission charge.
Evening star., 1960-07-24

The total number of per-
sons in each series will be
limited to "a to give ample
time for individual attention.
The standard fee will be $40
a couple or 81 an individual,
with adjustments where neces-
sary based on ability to pay.
DR.. Frederick E. Reissig, ex-
ecutive secretary of the Council
of Churches, National Capital
Area, has been named chair
man of the board for the insti-
tute.
Other Officers Named
DR.. Haskell M. Miller. pro-
fessor of sociology and social
ethics at Wesley Theological
Seminary, will serve as vice
chairman. The Rev. Chester
H. Jones, associate minister of
Calvary Baptist Church, will
be treasurer, and Bryson S.
Couvillon of the Planned Par
enthood Association will serve
as executive director.
Other members of the board
are Mrs. Josephine H. Kyles.
director of the Department of
Christian Education, Council
of Churches; Mrs. Fred A.
Schumacher, executive director
of the Planned Parenthood As
sociation; Mrs. Fontaine Brad
ley, vice president of the
Planned Parenthood Associa-
ton; DR.. Thor Chickes, pro-
fessor of pastoral care as Wes-
ley Theological Seminary. and
Mrs. Patricia Schiller, director
of guidance and counseling at
American University.