davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-06-19

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Evening star., 1960-11-05
Cuba in the u. N.

The United Nations General Assem-
bly, has done the right thing in rejecting
Premier Fldel Castro's Communist
supported demands for an urgent"
debate on charges that our country is
planning an imminent invasion of Cuba
II they were not basically sinister, these
charges could be laughed of as huge
and utterly preposterous joke, but what
they represent is a thoroughly vicious
example Of the technique of the Big
Lie applied deliberately, and with malice
aforethought, to smear us as nation
and befuddle public opinion around
the world.
OF course, as the Castro regime well
knows, and also as the Soviet bloc well
knows, the United States has no inten-
tion whatever of attacking Cuba. Actu-
ally Ambassador Wadsworth, our chief
delegate to the U. NJ, has hnderstated
the case in declaring that the accusa-
tions of Havana's Redoriented dictator
ship are "monStrous distortions and
downright falsehoods" so obvious and
so shocking that their mere presentation
constitutes an insult to the intelligence
Of the General Assembly-a thing
unworthy of this great body" and
therefore thing to be voted down.
Well, the Assembly has voted it
down. 1t has done so by deciding
So to II, with q abstentions-to have
the matter discussed in committee
rather than in plenary session. AS far
as it goes, this may be regarded as
gratifying evidence that Fidel Castros
colossal mendacity has the backing only
OF the Communist countries, plus,
Indonesia. Still, there is some reason
for disappointment. After all, why
should as many as q nations abstain?
Why should they strike 'neutralist"
attitude toward blatant lie? Why
sit on the fence between poisonous
fiction and simple reality? Why not, in
short, stand up and be counted on the
side Of truth?
These are questions that suggest
their own answers. More battling are
the queries that have to do with efforts
to explain why Fidel Castro, with the
Kremlin's noisy approval, has been
speaking so loudly and so phonily about
our countryS non-exiStent threat to
invade Cuba. This massive libel, this
monumental prevarication, must be
darkly purposeful. One can only
sarmise that 1t is related in some way
to the Havana relationships drive to
regiment the Cuban people or cover
up plans to strike at neighboring
lands like Guatemala.
Evening star., 1960-11-05
Hollow Protests

In the light of recent protests by
Premier Khrushchev over American es-
pionage activities, FBI Director Hoover's
statement to the American Legion about
Soviet spy operations in the United
States is of special interest. Mr.. Hoover
said it is reliably estimated that from
70 per cent to 80 per cent of Russian
and satellite diplomatic representatives
in this country are engaged in "some
type of espionage assignment"
Certainly the long list of Soviet off,
cials expelled as persona non grata"
bears out Mr.. Hoover's charge that the
Reds have INDUCED in "f1agrant abuse"
of their diplomatic privileges. The record
shows that not only embassy and con-
sulate offices have been used as bases
but the United Nations as well. This is
not a new disclosure, of course, but it
is we'll to review the record at this time.
Against this factual background the So
Wet protestations over the U-2 incident
have an exceedingly hollow ring.
Evening star., 1960-11-05
Good Answer

Speaker E. Blackburn Moore of the
Virginia House of Delegates, close
associate of Senator Byrd, created
something of stir in the Old Dominion
last week by asking Senator Kennedy
to publicly pledge himself against
the appointment of Negro Judges in
Southern States, where they might
preside over integration suits.
The Senator's brother, Robert,
wisely waited until he reached Rich
mond before responding to Mr.. Moore's
request, and then he made two points.
First, he said, the Senator believes that
ability, without regard to race, creed
or color" is the proper basis for select
ing judges. And, if elected, Mr.. Kennedy
said, his brother intends to consult State
Democratic leaders and State and local
bar associations before he names Fed
eral judges.
This is good and sufficient answer
to politically inspired question.
Evening star., 1960-11-05
On Doing Nothing

In a Letter to the Editor on this
page, "Open Spaces" Mr.. Neal Potter
says the proposed amendments to the
Maryland constitution to permit special
tax assessments on farms and other open
areas would "do nothing" to preserve
such breathing spaces in our burgeoning
suburbs.
Actually, the purpose of this pro-
gram is to avoid doing nothing" Ger
tainly no one is silly enough to believe
that this effort would halt the sprawl
of urban development, or that all farms
will-or Should-escape the bulldozer.
But until more effective and politically
practical means are found to identify
and protect desirable open areas, it at
least provides an incentive to continue
development uses for a time. Buy
ing time in this regard is of no small
Importance, and the minor tax burden"
that would be imposed on the general
population as a result is small price
to pay.
We are aware of the various criti-
cisms of the program, and we believe
for the most part they are overstated.
If abuses show up, or If the legislation
itself proves deficient, corrections can
be made or the law can be changed.
AS an experiment, however, the concept
is worth trying, and we hope the amend
ment will be approved by Maryland
voters next Tuesday.
Evening star., 1960-11-05
Mail by Attenuation

The automatic mail sorter recently
installed at the Main City Post ONCE
here is but a forerunner Of elec-
tronic improvements to come. In fact a
fully mechanical and brain machine"-
controlled post office has gone into
operation at Providence, Rhode Island.
Officials say the time will come whAp
few letters or parcel post packages Will
be touched by human hands from the
time Of mailing to delivery. Speedier
mail service is thus assured.
The local machine is capable of sort
ing $4,000 letters an hour, as compared
with about 1000 per hour per man under
the manual system. Men still are needed
to feed mail into the machine, but au-
tomation sorts it out by destination
and sends it on its way to the proper
chutes and bags. The Providence in
Stallation goes much farther than the
Washington system, however. The plant
in the Rhode Island capital is full of
electronic, sorters, belt conveyors and
other gadgets, all controlled by opera
tors in central glassed-in tower, seated
before battery of buttons and colored
lights. Men still are needed on the floor
to supervise the machines and make
repairs or correct mistakes If any of the
devices go haywire.
This is all too complicated for us
to understand, but we are in favor of
anything that will speed delivery of our
mail-provided the cost is not too great
Actually, postal officials believe that au-
tomation will save money for the deficit
plagued Post Office Department, with
out the necessity of laying any workmen
off. This is because the machines will
make it unnecessary to hire large num-
= bers of additional workers to cope with
the expected increase in mail in the
future. The experiment will be watched
with great deal of interest by postal
employees in particular and by the pub
lie in general.
Evening star., 1960-11-05
Not a 'Giveowoy'-

The unqualified Endorsement given
the proposed Maryland Virginia fishing
pact by the Maryland Tidewater Fish
cries Commission should carry great
weight with the rank and file of the
States voters. Maryland's citizens gen.
orally have needed such an objective
analysis of the compact as the commits
sion has given them as guide in the
forthcoming referendum. The subject is
too complex for the average voter to
understand without adequate unbiased
information-someth ething that had been
lacking up to now.
Commission Chairman H. c. Byrd,
who also heads the States Department
of Tidewater Fisheries, has refuted in
strong terms charges of some Southern
Maryland watermen and politicians that
the proposed interstate agreement is
"giveaway" to Virginia of Maryland's
fishing rights in the river. On the con-
trary, he declared, the compact, as
drawn up by commission representing
the two States, actually gives Maryland
advantages it does not now have"
Among the advantages, he said, are
UIl6 pTUVlSlOIl lOC IIle 1lISG ClIllC Ill Ills
tory of a bi-State plan for improving
the fish resources of the Potomac, with
Virginia sharing the cost; agreement by
Virginia on sharing the responsibility
and cost of enforcing conservation laws,
heretofore borne by Maryland alone;
provision for continuing Naryland's
present fishing regulations unless
amended by joint action of the new en-
forcement agency; provision for a sur
vey of Potomac oyster beds and for
possible reseeding, and voting arrange
ment under which two of the three
Maryland representatives on the agency
could balk any change in fishing regu-
lations suggested by Virginia.
In view of these provisions, Mary
lands rights on the river would be pro-
tected against any "giveaway" of what
the watermen have called their "birth-
rights" Mr.. Byrd juStiflably warned that
a rejection of the compact-which al
ready has been approved by the Legis-
latureS of both States-would imperil
plans for later extension OF the BIZ
Evening star., 1960-11-05

made by the Department of
Agriculture.
So 1t seems to me we will
choose Nixon and a stable
economy or Kennedy and
economic collapse.
Conservative Housewife.
= = +
Senator Kennedy says we
are going to start moving
again. Where?
From peace and prosperity
to war and tears? From dig
nifty and integrity to special
privilege and immortality?
From sound economy and
balanced budgets to deficit
financing and spiraling inf1a-
ton?
Concerned Citizen.
Evening star., 1960-11-05
Bus Mystery Solved

OF special interest to me
was the news that the Public
Utilities Commission charged
D: c. Transit with diverting
air-conditioned buses to haul
American Bar Association
visitors during the Association
convention.
For the past two summers
I have asked the PUG to use
its good Offices to have an air.
conditioned bus assigned to
the evening outbound 10th g.
Eastern (now Silver Spring.
run. Back each time came a
letter, obviously prepared by
the company but retyped on
commission stationery, telling
me that this was an accom-
mediation route cit has been
operating for years. and that
air-conditioned buses were
allocated to regular runs.
Mvcr0ft Holmes.
Evening star., 1960-11-05

@. How large can a crab
grow?-E. T.
A. This depends on which
of the thousand or so spe-
cies of crab it belongs to.
The smallest is the little pea
crab, which averages a half
inch in diameter. The fe-
male of this species is so
timid that she spends her
life inside the shell of live
oysters and other mussels.
apparently doing them no
harm. The crab with the
greatest spread of claws is
the great spider crab of
Japan. Although the body
of this crab grows only TO
18 inches or so. the tips Of
its first pair of legs (clawsJ
may reach IL feet apart.
Spreads of as much as l8
feet have occasionally been
reported.
Evening star., 1960-11-05

OF history as an unadmirable
man, compulsively deterrnin-
ed to have his own way. And
when he had it. as he did,
he could not cope with it.
And so. he quit. retiring to
his home place, leaving to
others the task of dealing
with the destructive forces
which he had helped loose.
William Gist was a dog
matte man, who could not
brook a difference of opinion.
He engaged In one duel, grow
ing out Of a quarrel about a
lady. and handily killed his
opponent. He was, at the
same time, q devout church,
goer and an ardent prohibi-
zionist.
AS Governor Of South Caro-
lima, he for two years lent
every effort toward the ac-
complishment of the with
drawal Of South Carolina
from the Union.
Look Back to Greece
There is. perhaps. a certain
symbolic revelation in the
fact that the ornamentation
Of the home to which Gov.
Gist retired is described as
more refined than is usually
found in Up Country houses
built in that period, showing
close adherence to Greek
prototypes"
It is fascinating, in study
ing the history of the old
South, to discover how many
Of those who so fanatically
defended the slave economy
fancied themselves as archi-
tects of a revival of the
ancient Greek civilization
And so it is that in in
creasingly urban America,
where the industrial revolu-
ton moves on apace, produc-
ing acute problems new and
compelled, there is a decreas-
ing tribe of Southern leader
ship which somehow seeks a
political climate in which
they may decide whether to
permit all citizens to have
the same civil rights; where
they can rule as they please,
even though 'onal inter-
eStS and the Constitution
require some other course.
They will not find this where
they seek it.
There is pathos In their
story, as well as laughter.
Who knows? The letters of
secession may be in the mails.
Evening star., 1960-11-05
THE PASSING SCENE
History Repeats in South Carolina
BY RALPH McGHL

South Carolina offers one
Of those enormous outlaws
sometimes produced by his
tory.
One hundred years ago. on
November S, Gov. william H.
Gist Of the Palmetto State
sent out letters to the chief
executives Of all the cotton
States save Texas, asking
them to join in armed seces-
sion.
This, he said. was due to
the probable election Of q
Republican. Abraham Lincoln.
Today, most Of the leader
ship in South Carolina, in a
rage about the probable elec-
ton Of Senator John Ken
nedy, is urging the election
Of a Republican, Mr.. Richard
M. Nixon.
It required q century for
South Carolina to reach this
stage, and it is politically
meaningless. insofar as any
a d herence to Republican
Party principles is concerned.
It is largely the work of
embittered men, inspired
chiefly by former Gov. James
Byrnes. who. for half a
century. was honored by the
Democratic Party; and Sem
ator Strom Thurmond. whose
Dixiecrat concepts cause him,
like Gov. Byrnes, to mourn
for q world that no longer
exists.
Both Gov. Byrnes and Sen
ator Thurmond will continue
to work for one-party Demo-
cratic control in the State.
But they fear the national
leadership may. If it elects
its nominee, in some small
measure interfere with State
control in those areas where
it contravenes the national
interest.
Inconsistent in Plea
And so. we have the un-
inspiring picture of two en-
bittered men. unable to face
reality Of the history Of their
times any more than Gov.
William Gist was prepared to
face that Of his day, asking
for a Republican vote, but
only in the presidential race
Their inconsistency lies ir
the fact they are supporting
Democrats in all other con-
tests.
William Gist is q sad story
He emerges from the pages
Evening star., 1960-11-05

Stale regulatory program to all of the
Chesapeake Bay area. Furthermore, it
would mean resumption by Virginia
of its Supreme Court suit to invalidate
Maryland's unilateral abrogation of the
1785 fishing compact-an action which
Virginia is confident 1t could win. The
litigation was suspended only on condi-
ton that satisfactory new compact
was adopted.
Evening star., 1960-11-05
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Complexities of Modern Genetics
BY THOMAS r. HENRY

A man arises from q Speck
Of protoplasm less than a
tenth the size of the head of
a pin.
Within this nearly micro
scopic body is packed the
potentiality Of almost every
thing he will become ply
sically and perhaps mentally.
In a minute part Of this
minute particle is It's nucleus
which contains the units Of
heredity. the genes. There
may be as many as q million,
each determining some char
acter or group Of characters
such as hair color, size Of
feet, ability to appreciate
music, etc.
The genes are packed in
bundles. Each consists of
bodies known as nucleotides
in pairs, one from father and
one from the mother. Each
nucleotide is the conveyor Of
some specific order" from
the past to the present.
Geneticist's Conception
The number Of nucleotides
Is unknown but has been
estimated as high as S billion.
In each pair, however, one
is dominant over the other
SO that only about 2.5 billion
really play much part in the
makeup Of the future indi-
vidual.
Much the same picture
holds for mice, mosquitoes, in
visibly minute bacteria, only
there are not quite so many
units involved.
This picture Of the enor-
nous complexity Of modern
genetics, the science of he
redity, has just been pre-
sented before a group Of
Department of Agriculture
scientists by DR.. George w.
Beadle of California Insti-
tute of Technology. one of the
foremost American genetic-
lists.
Within this particle of a
tenth the size of a pinhead.
DR.. Beadle said, is included
an amount of information
for transmission to the next
generation - the gene tic
specification for producing a
person from a human egg cell
which might be printed in
500 large. closely printed VOL
umes.
These nucleotide "molecule
Volumes" he said, are ex-
tremely minute but if laid
side by side would constitute
a line more than five feet
long. In the egg, nature has
arranged them in a pattern
so that they could cover less
than a 200th the area of a
pinhead.
Still. DR.. Beadle stresses,
one generation never is an
exact copy of the last. Even
the slightest rearrangement
Of the sequence of nucleo-
tides in the chains-one vol
ume a little out of place
among the 500 on the library
shelf-can result in quite
considerable changes. This
also extends to minute chem
ical changes within the nu-
cleotides themselves.
He referred to the condi-
ton known as sickle cell
anemia in mana blood ce
malady.
THE hemoglobin" he said
differs from normal hemo-
globin in that a single glu-
tamic acid unit in the pro-
tein is replaced. Another ex-
ample in man is found in the
genetic disease galacrosemia
Here a single specific en-
lyme. essential for conver-
sion OF galactose "a form Of
Evening star., 1960-11-05

sugar. into a usable form is
wholly or partially inactive.
This is a serious disease that
leads to serious impairment
OF the central nervous sys-
tenn and consequent mental
defect. knowledge of the
bio-chemical defect makes
possible circumvention of
the disease through a galac-
toSe-free diet"
Almost all hereditary
changes, he stressed, are un-
favorable and evolution up
ward has depended on the
extremely small percentage
Of favorable ones.
Draws Conclusions
Said DR.. Beadle: "Specu-
lation on how organic evo-
luton began in the first
place leads to the conclusion
that there is no clear quail
tative break in the sequence
of events that spans the ad-
vent Of life on earth. We
cannot distinguish clearly
between living and non-liv-
ing systems.
LAS every organic chem
ist knows. organic molecules
are formed through the in
teraction of inorganic mole
cules. Nuclear physicists tell
us that the elements them
selves evolve from simpler
elements as a result of proc
eSses \that are both natural
and inevitable, given the ap-
propriate circumstances.
Thus it is clear that the
sequence-hydrogen, helium,
beryllium, carbon. oxygen,
carbon, water, simple organic
molecules, more complex
ones like nucleotides, amino
acids and small proteins, nu-
cleic acids capable of repli-
cation, virus-like systems,
simple cellular systems like
bacteria. multicellular plants
and animals, man himself
is a natural one which could
have arisen by steps no one
of which need to have been
larger than the individual
steps we know in today's liv-
ing systems.
In the beginning there
was a universe of hydrogen.
In whatever way it began
there must have been built
into 1t from the very begin
ming the potentiality of es-
sentially unlimited orderly
evolution"
Evening star., 1960-11-05

or want of information.
These amendments to the
Maryland State Constitution
are designed to give the Leg
islature a power which 1t
now does not have, namely,
to assess lower taxes against
some kinds Of land than on
others.
This Constitutional pro-
lection against special IA
vors is to be stripped away in
response to a slogan Pre-
serve Open Spaces" Yet the
tax change proposed would
do nothing to preserve open
spaces.
The argument is that if
we keep the taxes low on
farmers" whose land val
ues are skyrocketing, instead
of letting the assessment rise
as the selling value rises,
then the farmers will not be
under pressure to sell. They
will thus go on raising COWS
aid vegetables in the sub
urbs, and we will have open
spaces" in our growing city.
This ignores the fact that
it is high prices that induce
most farmers to sell out
the right price" makes 1t
foolish not to sell. AS long
as the city continues to grow.
home builders are going to
have to buy out some farm
or other. If the tax reduction
did cause farmers to hold
their land longer and refuse
to sell, the need for land
would cause prices to sky
rocket worse than they do
now. Land speculation would
become more acute. The size
of suburban lawns would be
reduced under the pressure
of high prices. The county
would have less money to
buy parkland, and the price
of the land would be higher.
Result: Less open space
where it is most needed.
Amendments 13 and IA
would simply reduce the
taxes for farmers and other
large landholders whose
property is rising in value,
and shift this burden onto
the average home and store
owner. This shift from those
who are making the profits
onto the backs of average
citizens is something the citi-
zens should know about be-
fore they vote.
If the Legislature wanted
only to take tax pressure OF
farmers and not to distribute
a bonanza to large land
owners, it would have. passed
a law that postponed taxes
on the rising land values un-
til the farm was sold for a
purpose other than farm
ing-then to collect the back
taxes. The proposed Amend
ments 13 and IA are clearly
special interest" legislation.
Neal Potter.
Vice Chairman, Citizens
Committee for Fair Tax
Evening star., 1960-11-05
Parable On Aid

In view of the fact that we
have furnished aid to Com
munist Russia, Poland and
Yugoslavia, it hardly seems
right for us to condemn Fidel
Castro too strongly because
he accepted aid from Com
munist Russia - unless, Of
course, there is some moral
code that makes it wrong to
accept aid from Communists
but right to give aid to them.
]. ]. Sperry,
Evening star., 1960-11-05
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDriters' correct
names and addresses. All let
terS are subject to condensd-
tion. Those not used tDill be
returned only iohen accom-
panied by self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1960-11-05
Open Spaces

Your October "a editorial
Preserving Open Spaces"
on Amendment Questions 13
and IA on the Maryland bal
lot shows considerable bias