davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-08-04
BURTON, JOSEPH A. On Tue,dav

AuE1st ?, 1860. at Brandywine. Nd,
band of Jane NJ. Burton and father
Of Mary Coyner and Virginia Boone,
brother Of Robert F. Burton. Also
survived by one grandchild. Friends
may call at the HUNT Funeral Home,
Waldorf, Md. after > pm. Wednes-
the above funeral home Friday, Au-
gust 5, at 11:30 am. Interment
Arlington National Cemetery at /
DIM
Evening star., 1960-08-04

BRITT, JAMES W. On sunday, July
81, 1850. at 2202 South Nelson ST..
Arlington. Va, JAMES W. BRITT
loving husband Of the late Mary L.
Britt. father Of Eleanora Ross and
brother Of the Rev. William Gatling,
Mrs. Hettie Monroe. Miss Laura
Britt and Mrs. Elizabeth Day. He
also Is survived by one grandchild
nine nephews and eight nieces. Mr.
Britt will rest at the above resi-
dence after pm. Friday, August 5.
Funeral services IL noon Saturday,
August 9, at Jerusalem Baptist
Church, 26th and P SITS. NV. the
Rev. Augustus Lewis ofieiating. In
terment Lincoln Memorial Gene
terry. 3
Evening star., 1960-08-04

GROSS. JOHN S. On Wednesday. Au-
gust 8, 1860, JOHN S. GROSS Of
6l05 Sligo Greek pkwy. West
Hyattsville, Md, father of Joseph W.
and John F. Gross, brother OF Dan
Gross and Mrs Henrietta Thomas
and grandfather OF Gloria Jean,
Joseph w. jr.; Margaret Ann and
Karen Gross. Friends may call at
the Lee Funeral Home 4th st. and
Massachusetts ave. ne, where Serv-
ices will be held on Saturday, August
8. at ! pm. Interment Cedar Hill
Cemetery
Evening star., 1960-08-04
GRIER, HARRIET B. On Thursday

August !. 1850. HARRIET B.
GRIER. beloved wife of the late
Charles R. Grier and mother OF
Ralph H. and william p Grier and
sister of Syvilla Grier She also is
survived by four grandchildren. Fu-
neral. neral from Mnrt the walter G.or. W. Deal
NV. on Saturday. August 6, at
! pm. Interment Glenwood Gene
fery
Evening star., 1960-08-04
DAVIS, HOUSTON. On Tuesday A

gust 2, 1850, HoUsToN DAv1s OF Of
rs 8 st, NV. father Of Lila; Con;
Mrs. Bessie Hallion of Chicago, Mrs
Lila Johnson of Portsmouth, va;
Mrs. c. R. Beale Of Covington, Va;
Abner Davis of Bluefield, W. Va;
William G. Davis Of Daytona Beach
Fla, Mrs. Cora Lee Conner Of In
He also is survived by one grand
son, other relatives and friends
After 4 pm. Friday, August s.
friends may call at the Frazier
Funeral Home. 3S9 Rhode Island
ave. NV, where services will be
held at l pm. Saturday, August g.
the Rev. Joseph johnson officiating
Interment National Harmony Me-
mortal Park. 4
Evening star., 1960-08-04

BATON. WILLIAM II. On Wednes-
day, August 3, 1860, at his resi-
SsPee 81 H9r;s'hes hSsTTdN Td GlinSS1 Clinton
brother of Mrs. Charles separk Mrs,
Wilburn Smith, Mrs. Ruby Casey,
Mrs. Nadine McQuenney and Dalon
Baton. Friends may call at the
Lee Funeral Home, 4th st. and Mas
will be held on Saturday. August 8,
at 10 am. Interment Fort Lincoln
Cemetery. B
Evening star., 1960-08-04

MednesdaJ, August 3. 1860, DIAM
LESLIE MERCHANT, the beloved
daughter OF William E. and Audrey
Moouiord Merchant. sister OF Doug
las Herbert and Donna Marie Mer-
chant, grandcnild of William and
1heima Merchant and loving niece
OF Mrs. Jane H. O'Neill and Mrs.
Ernestine H. Worley OF Chicago, Ill.
Funeral from the Walter W. Deal
Funeral Home, 1872 Georgia ave.
NV, on Friday, August 3. at II
noon. lnterment Arlington National
Cemetery,
Evening star., 1960-08-04

MOSSER, NELL MAE. On Wednesday,
August 2; 1860, a. Arlington nos
South Monroe ST., Arlington. Va,
beloved mother of Mrs. Rachel
Young, Mrs. Mary Kirschner and
Richard H. Mosser, sister of Glenn
Higgins of st. Petersburg, Fla.
grandmother OF Mrs. Barbara Morris,
Oliver B. Young Sd, Robert Kirsch-
ner, Kirk, Glenn and Edward
Mosser: great-grandmother of Sio-
ney Norris. lr. Friends may call at
the Ives Funeral Home, 2o47 Wilson
blvd, Arlington, Va, where funeral
services will be held on Friday,
lumbia Gardens Cemetery.
NAYLOR, EssIE CHAsTAIN. On
Wednesday, August ., 1860 at
George Washington University Hos
pital, ESSIE CHASTAIN NAYLOR,
beloved wife OF the late Reverend
George Dent Naylor, mother of Mrs.
Frank Berry, jr: Miss Kathy Naylor.
Mrs. Gene Wilson, Mrs. Jack Moore,
George Dent Naylor. jr. and William
c: Naylor; sister of Miss Regina
Chastain and DR.. Francis Chastain
Of Mississippi. Remains resting at
the Robert A.. Mattingly Funeral
Home, 131 11th st. s.e., after 6
pm. Thursday, August 4. until y
pm FriSMay August r.9 d Theresiter' ndm
Leonardtown, Md Services will be
held at 2 pm. on Saturday. August
6, at Mount Zion Church, Laurel
Grove, Md. Relatives and friends
invited. Interment church cemetery.
Evening star., 1960-08-04

MCDONALD, JOHN A. On Tuesday,
Everett st. NV. JOHN A. McDOE-
AID. beloved husband OF the late
Katherine E. Mcdonald; brother ot
Josephine M, Frances A. and Marie
!: McDonald; uncle OF Mrs. Herbert
M. Fisch and Mrs. John G. Laughlin,
Funeral from the above residence on
Saturday, August d. at $50 am.
REQUIEM mass at the Shrine Of the
Sacred Heart at g am. Interment
Mt. Olivet Cemetery
Evening star., 1960-08-04

Saturday, July 80. 1860, in Phoenix.
Ariz., WILLIAM ANDREW GAR
TRELL (formerly of Washington,
D. CD,, beloved husband of Anna c.
Gartren. beloved son Of Minnie Hay
den Gartrell and the late William
Andrew Gartrell. Friends may call
at the Gawler Chapel. 1855 Penn
sylvania ave. NV. courtesy parking
corner of 18th and G SITS. nwl.
Mass will be offered at the st.
Mary'S Catholic Church, Laurel.
Md. on Saturday. August q. at
IN q m Iptermenf church rem ~ arv
Evening star., 1960-08-04

gust s., 1860: at District General
18th st. ne. devoted father of James
s.. A. c.. Dorafus and J. Van Ben
son. He also leaves to mourn his
passing devoted sister. Mrs.
Francis Penn. five brothers, ]. p.
Ernest. Judge. Lemuel and Columbus
Benson, many nieces and nephews
other relatives and friends Remains
resting at the John T. Rhines & Co.
Funeral Home, 30l5 18th st. ne.
Notice of funeral later
Evening star., 1960-08-04

ELLEN. On Sunday. Ju,y
81, 1850. ELLEN WALTON iSS Of Sors Srs
estville. Md. devoted wife Of Russell
Walton. other relatives and friends
also survive: After pm. Thursday
August 4. friends may call at the
Hoffman Funeral Home. 9O9 9th st.
NV; Funeral Friday, August 5. at
stitutional Baptist Church, Darcy
I'd, Forestville, Md. the Rev. An
grew Williams oficiating. Interment
Lincoln Memorial Cemetery. Ar
rangements by Edmonson Funeral
Service.
Evening star., 1960-08-04
BATON, WILLIAM H. An emerSent

bAIIUN WILLIAM II. An emerBthI
n communication of Myron
N NJ. Parker Lodge. No. 81.
IN F. A. A. M, is called for
"CN 7:30 pm. on Friday. Au-
~~ gust 5, 1850, at the Lee
~T Funeral Home, 4th st. and
W Mass. ave. ne, for the
purpose OF conducting Masonic fu-
neral services for our late brother,
WILLIAM H BATON.
c. WARREN DOVE, Master.
WILLIAM q CI.AaPY SECRETARY s
Evening star., 1960-08-04

day. August :. 1850, at the National
InstitTtss S.hsY q, at Health sids DOROTHY K
edo, Nd. the beloved wife OF Robert
c. Bradshaw and daughter of Mr.
J. r. Willis, sister Of J. r. Willis,
jr., of Atlanta. Ga. Friends may call
at the Lee Funeral Home. 4th st
and Massachusetts, ave. ne, where
services will be held Thursday, Au-
gust 4. at s pm Interment Airing
ton National Cemetery. Friday, Au-
gust s. at 9:3O am
Evening star., 1960-08-04

KIRBY, HERMAN r.. On Monday
August /, 1860, HERMAN R. KIRBY
OF 1920 Midway ave-, Rockville
Md, husband OF NJ. Virginia Kirby
father of Mrs. Muriel Upton ano
Mrs. Lois Arlene Smith. There also
are three grandchildren. Friends
are invited to call at the Bethesda.
Chevy Chase Funeral Home Of Robert
A. Pumphrey, Bethesda, Nd, where
services will be held Friday, August
3. at 10 am. 1nterment Parklawn
Cemetery.
Evening star., 1960-08-04

LYONS. EDWARD J. On Tuesday
August ,, 1850. at New Bedford
Mass. EDWARD J. LYONS, father
OF Rev, Edward Lyons. formerly OF
Md. and Holy Name Church. Wash
ington., D: c. Funeral at the Austin
Funeral Home, $40 County St, New
Bedford, Mass, Friday. August 3,
at 9;lo am. Solemn high mass and
requiem at st. Lawrence Church at
Evening star., 1960-08-04

HOWARD, MILDRED l. The oficers
/; ;:! d: ;;;;;;: !: j !; i &;
4, 1860, at 7:45 pm, for
the purpose of conducting funeral
services for our late sister, MIL
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-12-31
Johnson to Take
Oath us Senator
Under Texas Law

Vice President-elect johnson
plans to take the oath as SEN
ator in ceremonies opening the
S7th Congress Tuesday, aides
reported today.
He will also preside at the
Democratic conference Tuesday
morning where Senator Mans
field, Democrat o Montana, i,
expected to be elected as his
successor as majority leader
Aides explained that a quirk
in the Texas election law ap.
parently requires Senator john
son to qualify as a member Of
the 87th Congress and then re-
sign in order to assure that q
special election is held this
spring to elect someone to COM
.plete his six year term.
They said they did not know
how long Senator johnson
would delay his resignation
after next Tuesdays swearing
in ceremony. He will be inau-
gurated as Vice President jan
uary 20.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-12-31
WOMAN ACCUSED
OF SHOPLIFTING
CARRIED $79,6S3

BALTIMORE (AP).-A
woman accused yesterday
Of shoplifting a 79-cent
pair Of gloves could have
bought about $4,000 pairs.
Police said a store detec-
tive saw the 42-year-old
woman steal the gloves and
arrested her. While ques-
tioning the woman, police
inspected her pocketbook
and found little plastic bags
Of money inside the lining.
After an hour and is
minutes of counting, they
came up with $17,683 in
cash and $4,000 in 500
bonds.
The woman said the
money was life savings
which her husband told her
never to let out Of sight.
The store dropped charges.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-12-31
New A-Sub Set
To Fire Missiles

CHARLESTON, s. c., Dec.
81 (AP).-The nuclear-powered
and undetermined submarine
Patrick Henry Is sliding silently
beneath the surface Of the At
lantic Ocean today, ready to
launch her awSome PolariS
missiles at any aggressor.
The big sub was deployed
into the Atlantic on q war
ready basis yesterday, joining
her sister sub. the George
Washington and doubling the
Nations striking power from
undersea launching sites.
Both the Patrick Henry and
the George Washington carry
Is Polaris missiles with hy-
drogen bomb warheads.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-12-31

doctrines are in response to
questions. However, the two
quotations given by the writer
Of the question are not incon-
SiStent.
The dogma of the Roman
Catholic Church is that from
her conception the Virgin
Mary was free from original"
sin. 1t does not say that she
was incapable Of sin at any
time in her life. On the other
hand, st. Thomas Aquinas and
other Catholic theologians have
held that Mary actually was
without sin throughout her life.
This would not prevent her
from offering a "sin Offering"
on behalf Of others.
Question: do not under
stand Genesis 9:4-5. Can you
tell me what 1t meanS?"
Answer-This passage con-
tains the injunction in the
covenant with Noah against
the eating of meat in which
there is blood. 1t Is related
to the ancient belief that blood
is the symbol Of life. In other
words, an animal must be
killed before meat is taken
from its body for food. There
was an ancient barbarous
practice among primitive races
of cutting meat from live ami
mails. This is forbidden by the
Law of God.
The fifth verse is merely the
law which states that, If an
animal kills a man. the animal
must be put to death. This
verse also is used by the ancient
rabbis to prohibit suicide. It
is assumed that God will exact
vengeance from any human
being who murders either his
brother man or kills himself.
Released by The Register and
Tribune Syndicate, 196o)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-12-31

uAIIlCulI u answer. Inc OD-
Servance of Christmas has been
so modified across the years
that it is not possible to say
who originated" Christmas in
it's present form" Most Chris
tan churches today celebrate
Christmas. 1t is true that the
word Christmas" is a con-
traction Of two words Christ's
Mass.
Yes, when the Puritans under
Cromwell took control of Eng
land in the 18th century,
Christmas observances were il
legal. From 1914 to 1860, there
were laws against any Christ
mas observance. Churches
were forbidden to hold service
on that day. In MaSsachu-
sets. in 1889. there was a law
passed stating that whoever
shall be found observing any
such day as Christmas or the
like, either by forbearing of
labour. fasting. or in any other
way, shall be fined S shillings."
Such laws were a part of
the unfortunate and misguided
violent reaction against church
}ceremonials which accom-
panied some of the early
Reformation activities. While
1t. is true that some Christian
customs had a pagan origin,
most Christians today recog-
nEe that these customs have
been brought within the sphere
Of Christian worship and,
therefore, are no longer pagan.
QueStiOn-"In a column you
said that it is the dogma of the
Roman Catholic Church that
from the first moment Of her
conception the Blessed Virgin
Mary was kept free from
all stain of original SIM How
can this be true when the Bible
in Luke 2:24 says that Mary
Offered a sacrifice according to
that which is said in the Law
of the Lord, a pair Of turtle
doves or two young pigeons
for a sin offering? If Mary
was without sin, she would not
be expected to do this"
Answer do not pass judg-
ment on any religious doctrines.
] merely report what those
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-12-31
Lutz Must Pay
Wife, Court Rules

The Municipal Court of Ap-
peals yesterday denied Clarence
H. Lutz. a former head of the
Metropolitan Police Morals Di-
vision, relief from paying his
wife, Josephine. separate main
tenance.
The court upheld Domestic
Relations Court Judge John H,
Burnett's ruling last April that
Mrs. Lutz is entitled to sepa-
rate maintenance and that Mr.
Lutz should pay SIS q week
towards her support.
The Lutz's were married in
1887 and live in different rooms
at 1900 Connecticut avenue
NV.
Mr.. LutZ, retired from the
police department in 1858, is
now an investment. broker.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-12-31
Tuwes Approves
$3.37 Million
For Prisons Work

ANNAPOLIS. Dec. 81 (AP),
Gov. Tawes announced yes
terday he has approved the
expenditure Of 1887 million
for capital improvements in
the Department of Correction
during the next fiscal year.
Leading the list of appropri-
atoms is a $2.5 million item
for first stage construction of
a new 1,000-bed correctional
institution.
Patuxent institution will re-
ceive $302,9OO for work on
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-12-31

omclalS, was organized through
a resolution Of the 1859 Mary
land Assembly to study the
county fire tax setup. The
chairman was Jesse S. Bag
gett, chairman Of the county
commissioners.
The report calls on the
county to provide paid firemen,
when recommended by the
Volunteer Firemen's ASsocia-
ton, at a uniform countrywide
salary scale. Only four Of the
county's SO companies have
paid members now and they
are q small minority Of the
company manpower.
From General Fund
Salaries Of the new paid fire.
men would come from the
county general fund and not
from fire tax revenues. Alloca-
lions from this fund also were
recommended to help small
income companies"
Consideration of a tax in
crease should be on q county
wide basis as the need for adj
ditional fire companies is rec
ognized, the report said. No
mention was made Of revamp-
ing the complicated fire tax
setup.
While no specific pay scale
was suggested, the report re-
ferred to the District fireman
scale Of $5,050 to $7,050. This
is considerably higher than the
county police scale of $4,000
SIS, 200, lowest in the Washing
ton area.
The fire tax structure has
varying rates in each election
district, the maximum being
IL cents per 500 assessed
valuation. In addition, some
towns collect their own fire
levy.
About $3.50, 900 is collected
annually in county fire taxes
and distributed by the county
to each election district in
proportion to its asSessable
base. II there is more than one
company in an election district,
the units share the revenue in
varying amounts. Each COM
pany also receives an addi-
tional $1,000 from the general
fund.
Mulligan Plan Discarded
Discarded was a recommen-
daton Of one non-flreman COM
mittee member. Walter F. Null
ligan, for a countrywide l0-cent
fire tax. This. he said, would
raise $794, 900, and enable each
company to have two paid fire.
men. There also would be funds
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-12-31

FoRcEY MEMORIAL CHURCH
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-12-31

for substituting poorer compa-
MES.
Mr.. Mulligan, president oil
the county civic federation
noted the Chapel Oaks. the
only Negro company in the
county, receives 7 per cent Of
the fire tax in It's election dis
trict while 90 per cent is di.
vided among three companies
Until three years ago, the IA.
year-old company received nc
fire tax.
Fires draw no color line,'
he said.
Mr.. Mulligan also asked fol
central purchasing, but this
also was scratched at the COM
mittee's final meeting. Mr.
Mulligan was the only nom
fireman present to vote.
More authority for the fire
marshal would include his right
to enforce location of fire n.y.
drants and similar facilities in
new construction. His studies
now are only advisory and not
binding on the building inspec-
tor.
A fire station master plan
was presented earlier this year
by the staff Of the Maryland
National Capital Park and
Planning Commission, but the
agency's officials have taken no
action. A major faction holding
up adoption is the proposal for
elimination or the combining
OF some companies.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-12-31
THE POWER OF FAITH
Ring out the old, ring in the new ;"
Pima fhn fnlcn ri. 4....

King OUT the 0Id, ring IN the nelO
Ring out the tGlSe ring in the true"
The spirit of New Year manifest in these lines by
the great poet Alfred Lord Tennyson who believed
Different language does not always imply different
opinions, nor different opinions any difference in
real faith. On God and God-like men we build
our trust. The love of God is the true basis of
duty truth reverence loyalty love- virtue and work
- should infinitely rather feel myself the most
miserable wretch on the face of the earth with a
God above, than the highest type of man standing
alone. Closer is He than breathing and nearer
than hands and feet. That God which ever lives
and loves."-By Howard Brodie, AP NewsfeatureS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-12-31

three projects and the Mary
land House Of Correction $l40,-
500 for work at that institution.
The Governor announced the
appropriation of $61 400 for
miscellaneous work at the
Maryland Penitentiary.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-12-31
OUR RELIGIONS
When Christmas Was OutIdwed
BY DIR. CARLYLE ADAMS

ent form was originated by the Roman Catholic
Church? Were laws ever passed in England and in
this country forbiddng the celebration Of Christmas?
II so, on what groundS?"
AnSwer-The first part of YOUR question is yerv
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-12-31

Editors Note: Questions on religion
ond the Bible may be addressed ia
Dr.. CorIyle Adoms in core Of The
Evening Stor. All questions must
be signed. but the nomes Of the
writer's will not be published. Dr..
Adams does not answer anonymous
letters
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-12-31
Prince Georges Report
Urqes More Firemen
BY JAMES B. ROWLAND
Star Stan Writer

More paid remen and higher fire the need arises
are recommended in special report to the Prince Georges
County legislative delegation.
Wider authority for the fire marshal adoption of
fire station master plan also among
in the report released yesterday after S-month study
The Remember committee including Ii hremen or fire
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-12-31

Funds totaling $685. 900 were
allotted for construction of a
new correctional camp with a
capacity Of $50 in Queen Anne's
County. Other items increased
the correctional camp appro-
priation to $372,900.
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1960-10-06
James Willard Schultz
Story To Be Published
In Montana Magazine

HELENA (SpeciaD - the story
of James willard Schultz, a New
Yorker who came to Montana's
Blackfeet country as a youth
married a Pikuni Blackfeet maid,
en- and lived a creative life
among his red brothers, is told
in a fOur-part feature in the Au,
tumn. 1860 issue of Montana
the Magazine of Western His
tory" due for mailing October l.
according TO Michael S. Kenne
dy, director of the Historical So,
ciety of Montana which publish,
es the quarterly journal of his
tory.
The lead article on Schultz
called "Apikuni' by the Indians
is by his widow, Jessie Donaldson
Schultz. COrollary articles by
Verne Dusenberry and Harry C.
James explore the greatness OF
Schultz as a writer about the In,
dians, how they lived and believ,
ed. Three of his many great In,
dian books for children have been
published as a trilogy this year,
Kennedy said, marking a revival
Of interest in SchultZ's works.
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1960-10-06

venge, a necessity radiance of an
ornery gobbler
No sooner did Jack get out of
sight and down the road when
George went in the house and
got out the shot gun. He went
out in the yard and began 10
mock gobble, calling the gobbler
The big fellow came I'D strutting
ready for fight. At 20 feet George
lei him have it with both bar.
rels Feathers flew and the
big bird wilted into the dust with
his breast most all shot away.
George picked him up and hung
him up by the legs on the fence.
When Meyer came home. with.
out looking at the condition of
the turkey hanging on the fence,
he said, George, l see you killed
the gObbler."
Yep" boosted the old bronc
buster, Got him the first shotr'
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1960-10-06
New Law Protects Farmers
Converting Land to Reserve

Any farmer who diverts crop
land to permanent cover under
a Conservation Reserve or Great
Plains Conservation contract is
protected in his cropland and
acreage allotment history for an
additional period equal to the
period the land was under con-
tract, Gaspard w. Deschamps.
Missoula, chairman of the State
Agricultural Sterilization and
Conservation committee, said this
week.
Previously, these acreages have
been protected only for the life
of the Conservation Reserve or
Great Plains contract. Doubling
of this period is provided under
a new law passed recently at the
recent session of Congress and
signed by the President in Sep
TENDER.
The legislation provides that
cropland which is diverted from
an allotment crop to a conSer-
walton use under either of these
programs shall continue to be
classed as cropland for twice the
period of the contract and, for
purposes of determining future
allotments, shall be considered
as though it had been planted to
the commodity.
This new provision, Deschamps
said, does not apply TO contracts
terminated before the end of
the period for which the contract
was originally signed.
Contracts under both the Con
servation Reserve and the Great
Plains program range from three
to 10 years. ASC officials hope
that the new legislation will en-
courage participants in the two
allotment crop acreage in vege-
tative cover for at least twice as
long and perhaps permanently.