davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-10-23
Defense:
Soviet Subs

Premier Khrushchev an
nOunced on Thursday that the
Soviet Union had nuclear-
powered, rOcket-firing subma-
rines. as the United States
Navy's POlaris system neared
OperatiOnal status.
In the last few years Congress
sional committees on countless
occasions have asked Navy and
Defense officials whether the
Soviet Union had any nuclear-
powered submarines. The response
went like this:
I'VE have no evidence that the
Soviet has operational atomic
powered submarines, but she
unqueStionably has the capability
of building them"
A British admiral at an October
Sd news conference following the
NATO sea-air exercise, Sword
Thrust, said essentially the same
thing.
So, on Thursday, when Premier
Khrushchev told the world that the
Soviet has submarines equipped
with atomic engines and armed
with rockets" no one in the Pen
tagon or the NATO command was
the least bit surprised.
The Russian leader did not say
his new undersea craft can fire
nuclear rockets but this is assumed.
However, there are doubts in the
Pentagon that these weapons are
anywhere near the size or range of
the 1,380-mile Polaris. There is
some question, too, whether the
Russian rockets can be fired when
the submarine is in a submerged
position. .....
America, whose first atomic sub
marine was commissioned in 1854,
has A now authorized, of which
IA will carry Is Polaris missiles
each. There are 13 atomic subs
in commission today. Two Of
these, the George Washington and
the Patrick Henry, are expected
to be on station at sea with their
Polaris arsenals by the end Of
the year.
The KhruShchev announcement
came day after the United States
Navy announced that the sub
marine Patrick Henry had Sue
cessfuIly fired four tactical-type
Polaris missiles in secret Atlantic
tests. And it came on the day be-
fore that Britain commissioned its
first nuclear-powered submarine,
the Dreadnought.
1t is more and more evident that
the day is coming when both the
Soviet Union and the NATO side
will have relatively invulnerable
striking forces. Some strategists
believe that then there will be less
tension and more hope in the
world for peace because neither
side will fear that 1t can be wiped
out in a massive surprise attack.
Evening star., 1960-10-23
Religious Issue

Nor was it that the issue over
the Senator's Roman Catholic
faith has been attracting less
attention. The issue Is stin very
much alive and kicking, but the
question remains as to which can
didate will loSe-or gain-the most
from it.
There were a series Of tangible
indications of Kennedy gains and
accentuated problems for Mr..
Nixon.
First, there were the polls.
Public opinion samplings are not
unerring in their predictions.
Many have been wrong. But those
which have survived over the years
have done so because they usually
have been right.
Last week, several polls showed
a swing to Mr.. Kennedy. An NBC
report from key observers in the
so States had the Bostonian lead
ing. as of now, in States with
more than 800 electoral votes and
Mr.. Nixon in States with some
thing over 100. A total of 269 are
needed to win.
Evening star., 1960-10-23
Debote::
On Cuba

Vice President Nixon and Sem
atOr Kennedy clashed in fourth
televisiOn debate Friday night,
and are considering a FIFTH and
final one.
The policy of the United States
non-intervention in the internal
affairs Of Latin American coun-
tries has been followed circum-
specify by both Democratic and
Republican administrations since
the early days Of the Franklin
Roosevelt era.
The policy has strong bipartisan
support today. And there is little
question that Latin Americans
would overwhelmingly regard any
departure from it with gravest
misgivings.
A good many eyebrows were
raised, therefore, when Senator
Kennedy last Friday replied to
what he called "Mr. Nixon's new
Cuba policy" This was a reference
to the quarantine" of Fidel Cas-
tro advocated by the Vice President
and the subsequent Government
decision to embargo most exports
to Cuba.
In his reply, the Senator said
the new action was "too little and
too late" and called for the seizure
of Cuban assets here and declared:
I'VE must attempt to strengthen
the non-Batista democratic anti
Castro forces in exile, and in Cuba
itself, who offer eventual hope of
overthrowing Castro. Thus far
these fighters for freedom have
had virtually no support from our
Government"
Evening star., 1960-10-23
A Mild Recession?

Even the free enterprise system
seemed to be working against the
Republican candidate. Just as the
breakup Of the Summit meeting,
the U-2 incident and events in
Japan. Cuba and the Congo had
tarnished the G. o. P. Peace"
plank. now what many economists
consider to be a mild recession"
was taking some of the edge of
its Prosperity" theme.
There are areas of economic dis
tress in the United States; unem-
ployment is substantial, if not
alarming; steel production Is far
below capacity; the stock market
has been depressed; industrial pro-
duction dipped in September and
the rate of total national output
(Gross National Product) dropped
by 50 billion in the third quarter
of 1860 from the record $505 bill
lion rate last spring.
Evening star., 1960-10-23
Jovits Denial

After Democrats seized upon
these assertions as backing the
Kennedy contention that our pres
tige had slipped in recent years,
Senator Javits issued a statement
because. he said, erroneous impli-
cations" were being placed on his
earlier remarks. He said that
Americas and President Eisen-
hower's prestige are high through
out the world.
II mentioned that some reverses
had been suffered :" he con-
ceded, but added that the overall"
prestige Of the United States had
not been impaired"
Whether the reverse he handed
Mr.. Nixon can be cushioned by
Mr.. JavitS' verbal gymnastics
remains to be seen.
The allegations of lost prestige
Evening star., 1960-10-23
Trend in West

From California. with its bag of
80 electoral votes, the same kind
Of news, although less definite,
flowed: q trend to Kennedy.
Perhaps President Eisenhower,
who spoke there last week, will
help arrest this movement. But
obviously q State in which the
Democrats have such q wide lead
in the number Of registered voters
presents great difflculties for q
Republican.
The gamblers, too, seemed to be
sensing a turn. A month ago. the
Vice President was an 1lsto-5
favorite to win. Last week the
betting "line" Of the odds makers
shifted to Mr.. Kennedy for the
first time. He was reported q
9-to-5 choice as the week ended.
On the matter of Americas
prestige. over which more words
probably have been spoken by the
contending candidates than on
any other single issue, Mr.. Nixon
suffered at least q 12-hour setback
at the hands Of an Eisenhower
Republican.
Senator JavitS Of New York was
quoted in Fridays newspapers as
having said that mo matter what
anyone says" the United States
prestige throughout the world had
declined and that to contend
otherwise would be SILLY"
Evening star., 1960-10-23
THE FOREIGN SCENE
Relations With Cubo
Worry Our Allies

With q harsh and almost
total embargo placed on all
exports from the United States
to Cuba, the Fidel Castro regime
yesterday was charging that q
WashingtOn-spOnsored invasion
Of the island republic was
imminent.
II two years ago any political
prophet had forecast the emerg-
ence Of a Communist dominated
dictatorship only 80 miles from
Florida. he would have been rele-
gated to the lunatic fringe. So
remote possibility was surely a
pipe dream Of fanatic who found
a Communist, suitably equipped
with whiskerS and bomb, under
every bed.
But last week the prospect of a
very real challenge to the United
States, and very real intrusion
into the hitherto non-C Communist
Western Hemisphere, was no pipe
dream. The regime of Cuba's
Premier Fidel Castro, a revolution
ary government that succeeded,
with almost overwhelming Ameri-
can support, in overthrowing the
corrupt and brutal dictatorship of
Fulgencio Batista, had in hard,
unmistakable truth become an
outpost for the Communist world
almost on the doorstep of Uncle
Sans own homestead.
Last week. after many months
of patience and indecision, the
United States cast a new die for
future relations with Mr.. Castro,s
bewhiskered and bedeviling yam
qui no, Cuba 81" regime. All ex-
ports to Cuba from the United
States. with the exception of med
ical supplies. unsubsidized food
stuffs, and certain other specified
exemptions were embargoed. And
the sale. lease or charter of Ameri-
can-owned steamers or ships of
any description to Cuba was
prohibited.
Evening star., 1960-10-23

Fridays debate on foreign af-
fairs was the last scheduled one.
Mr.. Kennedy has been prodding
the Vice President for fifth and
final session, possibly in the last
week of the campaign. At first
Mr.. Nixon indicated he was not
interested. After Fridays tele-
cast, he opened the door by saying
he had not ruled another session
out but that it would depend
solely on my schedule"
Some observers feel that Mr..
Nixon cannot afford to refuse the
challenge of. his opponent, par
ticularly when the Vice President
has made so much of his Kitchen
debate" with Premier Khrushchev.
There were indications. too, that
Mr.. Nixon felt he had done quite
we'll in the fourth encounter. He
did look more animated than in
his previous appearances and not
like "a talking portrait" q de-
scription given him by his one
time close adviser, Murray Chot-
iner.
Evening star., 1960-10-23

that we have already passed
through an adjustments sum-
mer sag-and business can now be
expected to pick up.
Mr.. Nixon can take hope in the
fact that there are apparently more
undecided voters-enough to tip
the scales either way-at this late
stage of the campaign than in any
other race in the memory of most
observers.
Many Republicans feel that Mr..
Nixon has the issues to exploit and
the arrows with which to pierce
the chinkS in the Kennedy armor
but that he must be more of a
fighting candidate-the "old Nix
on" free-swinging slugger who
can stir up the electorate. The
next two weeks could see some
changes in the Nixon approach,
Evening star., 1960-10-23
Secret Report

There was q widely published
report. later denied by the White
House, that administration
ordered public opinion polls and
surveys in 9 out of 10 foreign
countries tested had clearly shown
that Americas prestige has been
on the downgrade since the Soviet
Union put its first sputnik into
orbit in October, 1857. "a Gallup
poll of last February reported q,
similar concluSion.)
Such a finding was said to be
contained in a secret report being
prepared by a presidential panel
headed by Mansfield D. Sprague,
a former Assistant Secretary of
Defense. But Mr.. Sprague, in a.
statement released by the White
House, said his group had made no
report or findings and had reached
no conclusion "as to the status of
United States prestige abroad"
During Friday nights debate, Mr..
Nixon said the poll referred to by
the Democrats was taken many,
many months ago and related par
ticularly to the period immedi-
ately after Sputnik." He added
that he would have no objection
to it being made public.
The Vice President again cited
recent United Nation votes against
the Russians and asserted, in eff
feet, that if Mr.. Kennedy would
stop running down the United
States our prestige would be even
higher.
Mr.. Eisenhower apparently felt
G. o. P. gloom in the Golden
State. According to the San Fran
cisco Examiner, he said this to
party financial contributors at a
private reception on Thursday:
I've been through a number of
these campaigns and there comes
a time toward the end when the
opposition looks IA feet tall and
everyone takes alarm. But pessi-
mism never won battle"
Evening star., 1960-10-23

and vacillation has marked the
course Of Washington's policy
toward the Castro government has
been. to great extent, the result
OF an understandable reluctance to
alarm or irritate the sensibilities
OF our neighbors in Central and
South America.
But the record seems to. show
that Mr.. Castro has pushed the
propagation of the United States
as hard as he wished. with appar-
emily little fear of the conse-
quences. Either he expected no
repriSals, or he was sufficiently
assured that whatever they might
be, they could be overcome,
Evening star., 1960-10-23
Black Market?

On Friday, after a long period of
unusual silence from the Castro
government. the car of Castro's
economic policies declared that
the American embargo was mean
ingleSS. Mai. ErneSto "Che" Cue
vara, president Of the National
Bank and boss Of the almost
complete naturalization Of the
Cuban economy, declared cynically
that black marketers" in the
States would render the embargo
meaningless.
Maj. Guevara reiterated Cuba's
intentions to adhere even more
closely to the Communist block in
world AFFAIRS. He said in q two
hour televiSion address that Cuba
must have confidence in the
nations that have offered to stand
by us, extending economic aid and
even volunteers, and figuratively
speaking. rockets. -" After the
telecast Maj. Guevara and a dele
CATION of high Castro officials
departed for Europe, where they
are expected to make as many
arrangements as possible for Com
munist-bloc substitution for the
embargoed American exports to
Cuba.
The chief effect Of the embargo,
in the opinion of officials in Wash
lngton quarters concerned, will be
on the actual operation of the
sugar mills, the railroads, the
autos and trucks, the oil refineries
and all the other day-by-day me-
chanical functions of q semi-in-
dustrial economy. Since almost all
the machinery in Cuba is marked
Made in U. s. A." the spare parts
and equipment needed to keep the
wheels turning must come from
American factories.
Evening star., 1960-10-23
Soviet Help

There is Of course little doubt
that Moscow. committed to the
support Of the Castro regime, will
do its utmost to make up whatever
deficiencies arise in Cuba's econ
omy as a result of the American
embargo. 1t was freely predicted
last week that the Eastern Euro
pean nations Of the socialist camp
would probably suffer as a result
Continued ON Page CA
Evening star., 1960-10-23

with only the vaguest Of author
ization from U. N. organs-au-
thorization so broad and general
that Russia could find no logical
reason to object.
Sometimes Mr.. Hammarskjold
could. and did, act without any
authorization at all, other than a
request from the government IN
need. He did so in Laos in 1859.
Russia screamed, but could do
nothing. And Laos, at least tenn
porarily, got q new lease on life.
With each success, the institu-
tion Of the q. N. presence" grew
stronger.
Mr.. Hammarskjold began antic-
ipating danger spots, sending
technical assistance" advisers to
Africa and Asia.
Help in the Congo
One of them-Dr. Ralph Bunche
went to the Belgian Congo, with
results that are now history.
Without him and the 20,000-man
presence" he helped organize, the
Congo certainly would have gone
down the drain in its first few
weeks Of independence.
Here was the U. N. developing
real power to influence major
Evening star., 1960-10-23
The WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
Campaign Turning Point?

A possible turn In the nip
and.tuck presidential race may
have been taken last week as
Candidates Nixon and Kennedy
headed into the final two weeks
Of campaigning.
There definitely was something
in the air last week. It wasn't
only the end Of q glorious Indian
summer and the onset Of autumn,
with the flaming Of the leaves and
the brisk, bracing breezes which
sent Americans scurrying for top
coats.
There was q growing feeling
that a turn had come in the grim
battle for the presidency between
Vice President Nixon, Republican.
and Senator Kennedy, Democrat.
With just Is days Of campaigning
left, the tempo Of predictions in
creased and. by their sheer numbers
alone, the polls indicated lead
Tor the earnest young BoSton1an.
The lead was considered far
from inSurmountable. Yet it had
the earmarks Of q solid trend, per-
haps requiring q dramatic stroke
by Mr.. Nixon to reverse 1t.
It was more perhaps q portent
that Mr.. Nixon had so far failed
to provoke sufncient enthusiasm
among the independents and nom
party line Democrats. It is these
groups with whom he must score
heavily If he is to win, because q
far greater number are registered
Democrats than Republicans.
It was more than a belief that
the great debates" on television
had given Mr.. Kennedy the oppor-
tunity-which he seized success
fully-to blunt the Nixonian thesis
that the Senator is too young. too
immature, too inexperienced for
the job of President Of the United
States,
Evening star., 1960-10-23
Economic Outlook

Possibly with these things in
mind, industry economists advised
the Governments Business Advis-
ory Council on Friday that the
country is entering mild, but
probably brief. business recession.
Mr.. EiSenhower's cabinet spokes-
men do not agree, if this is any
consolation to Mr.. Nixon. Com
merce Secretary Mueller asserted
that there is no recession and
there will be none. Treasury Sec
retary Anderson put it differently.
He contended, in a recent speech,
Evening star., 1960-10-23

have reacted like a needle on an
exposed nerve to Mr.. Eisenhower.
Time and again on his mon
political" coast-to-coast tour, he
has struck back at those mis-
guided people" who wall" that
the United States is becoming a
"second-clasS power" He called
such assertions a "debasement Of
the truth"
Evening star., 1960-10-23

Utica, Rome and perhaps even
Syracuse, may go Democratic, it
was indicated.
The Robbins eagle. (Robbins, Ill.) 1951-1963, 1960-11-19
School Social
Worker To Speak
at Youth Program

Honor came to our school
social worker, Mrs. Chretien, as
she was chosen above all other
school social workers to parti-
cipate in the panel discussion
children In Distress" on Sat
urday, Nov. 10th, 1860 at the
Glenwood School for Boys in
Glenwood, Illinois. This confer
ence on children and youth is
follow-up on the 1860 White
House Conference. Many out
stand ing authorities in thier
field, including assistant super
intendents, doctors, educators,
psychiatrists. consultants, and
the executive directors of social
agencies will be on hand for the
program.
Every year the President of
the United States calls together
national state and county groups
to participate in a White House
Conference which focuses atten-
ton on children and youth.
These conferences have promot-
ed opportunities for the full de-
velopment of youth as response
BILE citizens.
This South Cook County fol-
low-up on the 1860 White House
Conference on Children and
The Robbins eagle. (Robbins, Ill.) 1951-1963, 1960-11-19
Page 7
THE ROBBINS EAGLE
Saturday, November 10, 1860

young lady will be.
You will be royalty entertain
ed and have the time of your
life.
This dance is sponsored by
the UNIQUE FOXES, SO come
on out and start the holidays
right.Lucinda Tucker is presi-
dent; Harriette Handy, bus. mgr.
The Robbins eagle. (Robbins, Ill.) 1951-1963, 1960-11-19

Youth will assess needs, prob
LENS and accomplishments. The
program will stress the respon-
sibility of both the family and
community to provide needed
services for children and youth.
Skilled specialists from several
fields of service were selected
as workshop leaders. Mrs. Chre-
ten, who serves as school social
worker for the schools in Rob
bins, will be in a key position
to have the county and State
of Illinois to focus upon the
needs and problems of children
and youth in the village. This
should be of interest to all per-
sons in Robbins who have or
work with children, in some
capacity, whether voluntarily or
involuntarily.
Those who are interested in
attending the conference should
fill out in advance registration
forms. However, the fee of $1.O0
per person will be accepted upon
arrival. The hour of the confer
ence is 100 pm. and the school
is located at 18th and Halsted.
The Robbins eagle. (Robbins, Ill.) 1951-1963, 1960-11-19
Who Will Be
MISS DREAM
GIRL" OF 1861?

Come to- the ELKS HALL at
1882 Spaulding ave-, Robbins,
Illinois, Saturday, December 10,
1860 at 800 o'clock pm. and
you will see who this lucky
The Robbins eagle. (Robbins, Ill.) 1951-1963, 1960-11-19

MRS. AZARINE COOPER. DO
licewoman, sits at her desk I'm
the revamped office as she mulls
over the volume of paper work
that is her daily chore.
The Robbins eagle. (Robbins, Ill.) 1951-1963, 1960-11-19

o CURRENCY EXCHANGE
the most convenient place In
cash checks, pay phone, light
and gas bills. A real service.
Evening star., 1960-11-07

Mr.. Nixon tore into Senator
Kennedy's farm program in
the rich dairy State.
"The program would cause a
million jobs to be lost on the
farms Of America" he told his
audience.
I. The Vice President swung
into the Midwest from Alaska
for a marathon final day oi
campaigning in his quest fol
the presidency.
Campaigning in Alaska, Mr.
Nixon told a rally at Anchor.
age High School:
Panic and hysteria, anc
complacency and politicking
Evening star., 1960-11-07
Special Unit
To Finance
TVMuruthon
BY the Associated Press

Vice President Nixon's four
hour television marathon today
will be paid for by the Re-
publican Independent Tele-
vision Committee. q Republican
spokesman said today.
That committee, the spokes-
man added. also paid for last
nights television n broadcast
from Los Angeles.
L. Richard Guylay, public
relations director for the Re-
publican National Committee,
said the independent television
committee was established to
conform with Hatch Act limits
on expenditures In q political
campaign.
Under Law, the Republican
National Committee is limited
to q So million campaign ex-
|penditure for radio and televi-
sion programs, Mr.. Guylay
said. Both parties set up inde-
pendent television committees
he said, because they expected
to spend over 81 million each on
such programs.
Estimates Of the cost Of to.
days television marathon, orig
mating in Detroit. vary from
the national committees $685.
900 to the American Broadcast
ing Company's 5000. 900.
MIR. Guylay said ABCs esti-
mate does not include telephone
charges and the Republican
Party's own production expen.
Ses.
Evening star., 1960-11-07
6. O. F. Sees
Late Gain
In New York

ALBANY, N. Y, Nov. z (AP).
Republican claims Of 11th-
hour gains in New York col
lided head-on today with con-
tinuing signs that Senator
Kennedy was well ahead in the
race for the States As electoral
votes.
On the G. o. P. side, Gov.
Nelson A. Rockefeller and
Leonard w. Hall, Republican
national campaign manager,
declared that Vice President
Nixon had surged ahead as the
result Of a Stepped-up drive
in the State last week.
The @. o. p. State campaign
manager, Lyle W. Hornbeck,
predicted that the Republican
presidential nominee would
carry New York by a quarter
Of q million votes in the elec-
ton tomorrow.
Democrats doubled Mr.. Horn
beck's f1gures-in reverse. State
Chairman Michael H. Prender-
CAST forecast victory by half a
million votes or more for Sen
ator Kennedy.
Various polls bolstered the
Democratic hopes. One Of them
was the New York Daily News
Poll, completed yesterday. The
newspaper reported that Sen
ator Kennedy received 54.8 per
cent and Mr.. Nixon 45.2 per
cent Of 10000 straw votes from
across the State.
New York's IS electoral votes
form the largest bloc in the
Nation.
Evening star., 1960-11-07
Record Vote
Seen in Close
Ohio Race

COLUMBUS, Ohio, Nov. I
(AP).-Ohio's vital Is electoral
votes hung In the balance today
as victory- forecasts in Tues
days presidential balloting
came from both Republican
and Democratic camps.
The decisive factor to tip the
scale may well be wrapped UP
In q predicted record Ohio vote
of IL million. The record 81
million vote was cast in the
1856 Eisenhower Stevenson
presidential race.
If the new record is set as
predicted by Secretary Of State
Ted w. Brown, viii these added
votes be cast for the Republican
candidate, Vice President
Nixon, or Senator Kennedy, the
Democratic standard-bearer?
Most objective political OBJ
servers are puzzled.
To the discerning observer,
the Democrats in Ohio have ap-
peared more confident. aside
from the NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.
statements from both head-S
quarters. That Republicans
were worried was made evident
by President Eisenhower's cam
paign trip to Cleveland in Mr..
NiXon's behalf last Friday.