davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-27
rs Years Ago

Mrs. Franklin D. Roose-
welt was holding press con-
ferences Is years ago and at
one of these she made an
observation on the ruling
which forbade District teach
ers to teach communism in
public schools. The Star of
November 16. 1895, said:
Mrs. Roosevelt feels the
Capitals teachers are going
to have a hard time telling
their pupils anything about
Russia. She envisaged a
teacher saying to her geog-
raphy class: Here is an area
two times the size of the
United States. 1t is lived in
by a people called Russians
and letting it go at that I'M
less some bright child might
conceivably say: What kind
of government do they live
under?' Then the teacher
might have to say: My dear
child 1 can't tell you To
teach Mrs. Roosevelt said
means to tell people about
something. do not think it
means to advocate any,
thing"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-27
so Years Ago

The theater flourished here
so years ago, with the Be-
laSco and National getting
top billing with serious Of
ferings. the Gayety and Ly-
ceum whooping it up with
burlesque, and Chase's pro-
viding polite vaudeville" The
Star Of November 20, 1910, re-
ported FIRTH Scheff will be
the attraction at the Belasco
this week in a revival of the
comedy classic, The Mikado'
At the National, Charles
Frohman presents Francis
Wilson in his own comedy
success, The Bachelors
Baby :. Chase's bill will be
headed by the Code Book,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-27
100 Years AGO

The widening cleft be-
tween North and South was
reflected in the Nations
business life a century ago.
While. curtailment and pos
sible adjustment of slavery
was the bitterest pre-Civil
War issue, the South also
objected vigorously to the
threat Of a high protective
tariff, which it was felt
would drain Dixie and bene-
fit Northern manufacturers.
Secessionists reasoned that a
Southern confederacy could
abolish such a tariff, supply
England with cotton and
import British goods tariff
free. William Yancey had
warned Northerners to "pre-
serve the Union if they want
to preserve their commerce,
their manufactures If
they wish to preserve the
South as the best mart for
their products and fruits of
industry. :" His words
began to ring true. The Star
of November %, 1860 noted
that business was slumping
badly in New York City,
quoting the New York Her.
aid thusly: "It will be seen
that since the 9Th of Novem-
Der, there has been an
alarming falling off in the
sale and manufacture of ar
ticles dependent to any great
extent upon Southern trade,
and that not less than $4,000
operatives have already been
discharged and are out of
employment at this critical
time, just when winter is set
ting in with all its severity.
Not only have orders ceased
to come from the South,
but many orders on the books
of our manufacturers, vary
ing in amount from 1000 to
$4,000 have been recently
countermanded. The branch
es of trade that have suffered
most are the carriage and
harness businesses, clothing,
boots, shoes, hats and caps,
groceries and wines and
brandies. In all these the
sales have declined to such
an extent as to render it
necessary to discharge the
workmen in various proper
tons, some houses throwing
out three-fourths of their
hands and some dismissing
the whole. . :" The Star
observed: But the knife is
cutting equally both ways.
The Interstate trade in Ne
groeS, out of which the peo-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-27

securities, Il were land spec
ulators, II were interested in
mercantile, m a n u featuring
and shipping activities, and
is were shareholders. The
small farmer and debtor
classes were without repre-
sentation.
The proceedings of the con-
vention are familiar to most
of us from our high school
training; the famous plans"
the compromises that were
necessary to push the Consti-
tuition through, and the
commerce clause. The Con-
stitution was ratified upon
specific promises from the
convention leaders that
amendments guaranteeing in
dividual rights would be
added to the Constitution.
Thus our law of the land
typifies a dualism of the rev.
olution - the conservatives
who drew up the document,
and the so-called radical
aspect represented in the
first ten amendments"
In their efforts to create a
document which more nearly
represented the interests they
favored, holding to their
conservatism, our convention
leaders incorporated into our
Constitution a system of
electing the President and
Vice President which kept the
election out of the hands of
the people. This still is in
operation today. It has been
branded by forward looking
Senators and Representatives
as a relic of the horse and
buggy days.
The Constitution declares
that each State shall choose
a number of presidential
electors equal to the total
number of that States Sen
atorS and Representatives in
Congress, and that they shall
meet in their respective States
and vote by ballot for the
President and Vice President.
That is all perfectly true, but
these constitutional provi-
sions have now become mere
formality. The real choice of
a President is not mentioned
in the Constitution at all.
The actual first step is the
nominating of candidates by
the various parties. At the
conventions which are held
to perform this, twice as
many delegates from each
State as there are presidential
electors to be chosen attend.
The original intention was
that outstanding people would
be chosen as the electors, and
after they were elected, would
use their own personal discre-
ton in selecting men to vote
for as President and Vice
President. But now they are
merely "stooges' who are
morally pledged to vote for
the candidate who has been
nominated by the party they
ton in selecting men to vote
represent. In fact, some
States do not put the elect
ors' names on the ballot at
all.
This arrangement allows
influences greater than are
truly deserved because whole
blocs of votes can be cast for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-27
FROM THE STAR FILES.

a recent vaudeville military
comedy success, with the large
metropolitan company being
led by Allen Atwell L.
Laurence Weber's Partisan
Widows a cheerful combine
OF fun, music and nifty girls,
will be at the Gayety, and the
Lyceum will feature the New
Century Girls"
Winston Churchill found
that life as a public figure had
its drawbacks SO years ago.
The Star of November 27,
1910 reported from London:
Winston Spencer Churchill,
British home secretary, re-
turning to London tonight
after a speech at Bradford,
was attacked in the train by
a male suffragist with a dog
whip, who cried out: Take
that, you cur Two detec-
tives who accompanied Mr..
Churchill, parted the blow
and overpowered the secre-
tary'S assailant, who is be-.
lieved to be a man who
interrupted Mr.. Churchill
during his address and was
expelled from the meeting af-
ter a violent struggle. When
the train arrived at London,
three women tried to assault
the home secretary, but the
detectives drove them off. :"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-27

a candidate who may not be
supported by more than a few
thousand voters than his RI
val. In 1875 and 1888 the
party whose candidate won
the majority Of the electoral
vote was actually supported
by fewer voters throughout
the country than the candi-
date Of the other party. The
margin between the winning
and the defeated candidate
in the electoral vote is often
much greater in proportion
than in the popular vote. So
it was this year, and so it has
caused many to take another
tardy look at the electoral
vote system. And every now
and then some plan is pro-
posed to make the electoral
vote more nearly correspond
to the preferences featured
in the popular vote of the
people. In recent times moves
have been undertaken to
have the method of electing
the President done away with
by amending the Constitu-
ton. The re-evaluation I'M
der way at the present time
is a healthy sign. News ar
ticles are appearing currently
which may aid the cause.
But 1t is hard to get people to
think about this matter Of
tener than once every four
years, and then the winning
side is likely to be satisfied
with the result. But even
though the new President
elect Mr.. Kennedy, has given
indication that he would look
with favor upon the abolition
of the electoral college it will
take the people Of the United
States solidly behind the fight
to achieve success.
Roy HI. Russell.
Santa Maria, Calf.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-27
Into the 'Thicket'?


wandering In Tuskegee, Alabama, and,
within a week, its agreement to review
the apportionment Of voting strength in
tennessee, have raised speculation that
the court now may be ready to move
against the whole maze Of inequality in
State and congressional representation
throughout the country.
There is no such suggestion. how
ever, IN the Tuskegee decision. Indeed.
Justice Frankfurter makes 1t clear that
the court has not reversed in this case
Its historic reluctance to become in
volved in what he has called the "politi-
cal thicket" of State apportionment
practices.
What the court has done is to warn
that the insulation" which the States
additionally have enjoyed from su-
preme Court review in such matters
may not be carried over when state
power Is used as an instrument for
circumventing a Federally protected
right" under the Constitution. And one
OF these rights is the protection against
racial discrimination afforded by the
10Th Amendment. In Tuskegee, the city
boundaries were redrawn three years
ago into an 'uncouth 28-sided figure"
as the court put it, that excluded virtu-
ally all Negroes from the city. If lower
court finds that this revision was "solely
concerned with segregating white and
colored voters by fencing Negroes out of
town." the court said, the revision
clearly is unconstitutional.
Justice Frankfurter made it plain
that this was case resolved on its par
t1cular merits, however, and further set
Tuskegee apart from previous appor-
tionment suits in these words:
In no case involving unequal weight in
voting distribution that has come before the
court did the decision sanction a differentia-
ton on racial lines whereby approval was
given to unequivocal withdrawal of the vote
solely from colored citizens. Apart from all
else these considerations lift this controversy
out OF the So-called political" arena and into
the conventional sphere of constitutional {.
litigation.
Thus, racial discrimination is a
major factor-and perhaps the domi-
nant one-which has led the Supreme
Court to its first consideration of a re-
apportionment suit in 16 years. It's
position in this instance follows the
trend Of the last several years on civil
rights decisions, and it is interesting
that this one was unanimous. But
whether, having taken this step, the
court may move into the broader aspects
OF the problem of reapportionment is an
altogether different matter.
Certainly Tennessee, where urban
residents are dominated overwhelmingly
in the State legislature by sparsely-
settled rural voters and where there has
not been reapportionment since 1901, is
a glaring example of the disproportion-
ate representation which unfortunately
is more the rule than the exception in
States throughout the land. The historic
position of the court that this is an evil
to be resolved by legislation rather than
by the judiciary, however, is deeply
rooted. All that can be said now is that
at least four members of the nine
possibly not majority of the Supreme
Court-wa1lt to take new look at the
situation In Tennessee
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-27
SPIRES OF THE SPIRIT

BY DIR. FREDERICK BROWN HARRIS
Chaplain Of the United States Senate

appropriate greeting from
one who has Just returned
after a golden month in our
newest State. Hawaii is a
mosaic Of racial contribu-
lions to the total pattern of
living together. To a divided
world where is so tragically
evident the havoc of hate and
prejudice, Hawaii is the con-
vincing testimony of to-
getherness in actual practice.
With glowing memories of
this tropical paradise, we
sailed away for the mainland
after never-to-be forgotten
weeks. Our stay was filled to
the brim with gracious cour-
tesies on the part of scores
of people in all walks of life,
official and private. i.
The chain Of islands which
compose the 50tll State is
indeed an enchanted land.
Its scenic beauty is displayed
on the SUBMITS of volcanic
mountains-really the tallest
in all the earth if measure
ment is rightly begun on the
oceans floor. These isles of
wonder are indeed spires lifted
up from oceanic depths.
The first missionaries to
raise the spires of a true
faith over this fair land were
Congregationalists. The fact
that they were able to bring
the Hawaiian people from a
stone-age culture to a Vic
torian culture within the
short span of a single CEN
tury is a tremendous tribute
to the effectiveness of the
mission. The story of the ex-
ploits of faith brought to pass
by these heralds of the God
whose mercy is like the wide
ness of the sea they had
crossed is a modern version
of the Acts of the Apostles.
With all their doctrinal mar
rowness which has lent itself
to caricature, they did inf
nitely more than put Mother
Hubbards on unclothed ma
tives. To bring more worthy
and true conceptions of the
Eternal. they counted not
their own lives dear to them
selves that they might lift
these benighted humans to a
faith in which they would be
spiritually. clothed and in
their right mind. The New
England type of meeting
houses they built, with white
spires, were sacramento en-
blems of the transforming
faith they came to proclaim.
Across the years many i'm
migrants came from China
and Japan and the Philip
pines, and Far-Eastern is
lands. About a third of the
present population are Bud
dhistS. Various denomina-
lions of the mainland are
represented on these islands.
and with sacrificial programs
are undergirding the life of
the people in practical ways.
Today. the great Central
Mission Congregational
Church, with its crowded
cosmopolitan congregations
and its program embracing
all ages, is a familiar land
mark in the center of Homo
lulu. Its lofty white steeple
is a fitting symbol Of all the
city spires which are vocal
as a Christian witness.
Long ago the Episcopalians
came with their impressive
and dignified worship. Their
cathedral sanctuary, with its
adjacent buildings, occupies
one of the commanding sites
of this expanding capital.
The Roman Catholic Church,
with its emphasis on the ira
ditional past, has a very
large following, and is also
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-27
LETTERS TO THE STAR
On Giving the Election Back to the PeopIe'

Many Of your readers have
expressed the opinion that
the electoral college should
be revised or abolished be-
cause it gives extra weight to
the large industrial States
New York. Ohio. etc. which
can be swung by the big
cities.
I say that 1t is fair and
equitable under our present
system that the big cities
should have this important
role in electing our President.
In the other elective bodies
in Congress and in State
legislatures, the rural areas
have great predominance. In
most State legislatures, the
city voter is almost COM
pletely diSenfranchised. For
example, in Maryland, as ev-
eryone knows, less than 20%
Of the people can elect a maj
ority of State representatives.
Is this equal representation?
Furthermore, these same
rural-dominated State legiS-
latures determine United
States Congressional Dis
tricts, and by adroit gerry
Wandering are able to deny
Federal representation to city
voters.
1t may also be pointed out
that in the United States
Senate, the two Senators
from Alaska population
200.000) have a vote equal to
the two Senators from New
York population 15,0OO,000)
Therefore, it is clear that
the present arrangement in
the electoral college is a bal
ancing factor, taken in con-
sideration with our elective
system as a whole. If reforms
are needed. let's see that the
entire elective system gets a
revamping, and stop picking
on the electoral college as
the only unrepresentative
element.
J. EppersOn.
4 49,
Let us consider a glaring
anti-democratic facet of our
Constitution-the method of
electing our President. First,
consider the political philos-
ophy of the convention and
its leaders who drew up our
Constitution. 1t is reported
that nearly all the impor-
tant leaders of our young re-
public were present at the
convention. The convention
was, in contrast to the revo-
luton, a highly conservative
body. Thirty-three of the
members were lawyers and
eight were businessmen.
Their training and interests
were generally conservative.
OF the leaders, Alexander
Hamilton and Gouverneur
Morris were even critical of
democracy and there were
among them. many who
doubted the virtues of DEM
ocracy."
The convention member
ship reflected the predomi-
nance of the four decided
groups of interests which had
been most active in the
movement for revision of the
Articles of Confederation:
Mainly, money, public secu-
rites, manufacturing, and
trade and shipping. Profess
sor Beard has shown that 40
of the members held public
Evening star., 1960-09-13

PTANOS-Visit our store for bar
gains in used spinets and consoles.
a. Hamlin, Chickering, Steinway.
Baldwin Acrosonic, Story g. Clark,
H. NJ. Gable, Winter. Estey, Fisch-
er, Wurlitzer, Knabe, Gulbransen
and others. ST. 3-9400, JOR-
DAMS, corner 18th and G SITS.
Evening star., 1960-09-13
OFFICE FURNITURE
speeisli Purchase From Banks

ORGANs-BefoFe you buy any
Chord at only S695 and the new
Wurlitzer spinet at only S995. Also
yaluss In used Instruments IsLII mace maze
litzer. JORDAN'S, corner 18th
and G SITS. NV: 1882 Georgia
ave, Silver Spring; $3.50 Lee
highway, Arlington. Suburban
stores open evenings. Park in
Evening star., 1960-09-13
REPAIRS AND SERVICE
(coNTlNuEDl

CARPENTRY. roofing, cement or
brick retaining walls. Fences of
all kinds. Reasonable. II. 6.9740,
CARPENTRY, painting, bricklaying;
experienced mechanics. Free estt-
mates. DI. 7-949a.
CARPENTRY, large or small Jobs;
brick work, concrete and painting.
Free estimates. THOMAS, HE.
Evening star., 1960-09-13
FOR FOR FOR

MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, bought
sGqlssS S sssdss sTs. yEHEMASSu y sps Su sgSsiSG sSsiSS
OIL TANK not exposed to weather;
$50 gals good condition. IA. o.
Evening star., 1960-09-13

ORGAN, Hammond spinet. with
percussion, dbl. keyboard and base
pedal. Blond mahogany with
mahogany back; blond mahogany
bench with storage. Call after z
n m IA 6-41S1
Evening star., 1960-09-13
APIS, FuRNIsHED-vA.
lcoNTlNUEpl
FURNITURE FOR RENT

FOR RENT, beautiful furniture for
efnciency; !, 2 or 3 bedrm. apts.
at reasonable rates. Call MARS
LEASING CORP, 20 Canal st.
Evening star., 1960-09-13
hAN 6099 UVG
fcONTINuEDl


DISPLAY FURNITURE FOR SALE
Interior decorator commissioned TO
sell display home of furniture.
Beautiful Apiece bedrm. suite.
Ortho-rest box spring and mat
Tsss ne sbsr dSsm wsn sotS M ana pessn tss.s
2 beautiful liv. rm. lamps, 0-piece
walnut din. rm suite. Price $500
for, all (was Sl.000l. Perfect COM
week. Call DI. 7-9217.
Evening star., 1960-09-13
MISCELLANEOUS FOR RENT

CHAIN SAWS, pumps, generators,
sod cutters, rollers, etc. RENTAL
TOOL g. EQUIP Co, JU. 5-5040.
PAINT SPRAY, heavy duty vacuum.
cleaner, floor polisher, for rent.
NE, S-050b.
Evening star., 1960-09-13
STORAGE TANKS

sTAUFFER REDUCING TONGUE,
de luxei timer, sand bag, arm
SI7b III 6-b4o4
Evening star., 1960-09-13

17I5 v ST. Sc.
Rms, Kit. Bath, Heat; $66
Also 2-Bedrm. Apt; S75
WASHINGTON RLTY.. RA. $4,000
282O DEVONSHIRE PL. NV.
Lovely Effic.; All Utils.: S72.50
RLTY., RA. $4,000
S32 RITTENHOUSE N.W.-S7O
Colored 3 rms, kit, bath. heat.
WASHINGTON RLTY. RA. 3-S300
81 RANDOLPH N.W.-$60. 80
Colored-2 rms. kit, bath. utils.
WASHINGTON RLTY., RA. 3-S3O0
1914 IRVTNC; ST NE
Evening star., 1960-09-13
ROOMS FURM-S.E..S.W.
ROOMS FuRN-MD..VA.

ANACOSTIA, D. c. Small back
room, iee neiEhborhood, near
Evening star., 1960-12-08
Heavy Unemployment Stirs Memories
OF 1882 Hardship Years

The question now rising
uppermost in the mind Is:
How does it happen that
Western Europe and Japan,
which only 10 years ago were
paupers, have risen to their
present development?
One Of the answers, Of
course, is that billions Of
American dollars have helped
put them on the road to re-
covery. Once on that road,
however, they have managed
their businesses with great
skill. The cost Of labor con-
tinues to be far below the
American levels, yet the
standard Of living Of the
working classes is highly
their own measurements. The
European worker is perfectly
satisfied to have a motor
cycle or a couple Of bicycles
for himself and the family
instead Of the automobile
which every self-respecting
American family considers
essential.
At the same time the take
home pay is in a number of
respects higher than that of
the American worker. There
Evening star., 1960-12-08
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Unpleasant Economic Facts

is little or no income tax for
those in the low or middle
income brackets. Union dues
are low; and since the very
great majority Of the work.
erS in all categorieS buy
whatever they need for cash
on the barrelhead whenever
they have accum ulated
enough to make the pur-
chase, they need not set aside
large amounts Of their in
come to meet monthly in
stallments
It may be that the Euro
pean system, which also ex-
lists in Japan. is adequate for
the needs Of those people
and would seriously endanger
our production capability II
applied in our country. But
the fact remains that, de-
spite our abundant resources,
we are faced with q major
economic crisis caused by q
number Of considerations, in
cluding our giveaway pro-
grams for the last 20 years.
while Western Europe Is now
in the ascendancy. At the
end Of the war our gold re-
serves amounted to nearly
$25 billion. Today they are
so depleted that we have
barely the statutory gold
coverage for our paper cir
culation.
Evening star., 1960-12-08
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

The new weekend White House is In the Virginia fox
hunting country Jack Kennedy may the first pioneer
to frontier clad in pink coat derby hat
and white knee breeches
Ike asks the Nation to observe Civil War Centennial
His party Is cooperating splendidly-by sponsoring
small insurrecton in Illinois.
Peter Lawford will put show pay Kennedy's cam
paign debts It's the first time any dreamed people
would 50 million to hear fellow sing for his supper
at his brother -n-laws house.
Motto Of the citrus fruit industry: Many culled
but few frozen
FALL The time Of year when the suburban housewife puts
her shorts and dons dress downtown buy
slacks.
Evening star., 1960-12-08
President-eIect Viewed as Having Got
A First-Hond Impact at White House

Robert Kennedy Is reli-
ably said to have decided
that he should not be At
torney General in his broth
er's administration. But the
brothers have other plans for
further Government service
by Robert.
It Is apparent that the
elaborate Defense Depart
ment reorganization plan pre-
sented to Senator Kennedy
by Senator Symington of
Missouri did not ring the bell.
Its publication in detail was
almost an invitation to the
Pentagon sharpshooters, who
actually needed none. and
the moderate tone adopted
by Senator Kennedy in deal
ing with it was revealing.
The President-elect said 1t
would be considered by Con-
gress.
Delay in the choice Of ma.
jor cabinet officers repre-
sents the usual effort to COM
bine ability. experience and
q balance Of the political
forces which went into, the
Kennedy election victory. It
is never o simple problem; in
his case 1t is complicated by
the age factor.
He naturally wants 1t TO
bear his own unmistakable
stamp; he Is finding that
after eight years Of q Re-
publican administration, the
Democratic reservoir Of ex-
ecutive talent In Government