davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-01-31
Radio Appeals

Before leaving the capital, both
Gen. Challe and Mr.. Delouvrier
made emotional appeals over Ra-
dio Algiers for an end to the in
surrection. The delegate generals
almost fearful plea seemed des-
pairing to many and brought con-
sternation to Paris officials. The
Elysee Palace promptly repudiated
one Of Mr.. Delouvrier's promises:
That the rebel leaders would go
,unpunished if the uprising were
ended.
With his dispositions made. his
plans complete, Gen. de Gaulle
proceeded calmly to the attack.
Here came the test once again OF
the strength of his great prestige,
a weapon that has proved effec-
tive every time he has employed
1t. Donning his old World War II
brigadier generals uniform, IN
which he led France from despair
and defeat to victory, Gen. de
Gaulle took to the televlsion
screens of the nation.
With a calm earnestness that
was more effective than fiery
dramatics, the President laid the
issues on the line. He made no
promises, offered no concessions.
Evening star., 1960-01-31

defiance of the government had
brought them past the point of
no return, there was little left to
lose in continued resistance. But
the broad popular and military
support they commanded early last
week had apparently diminished.
While Frenchmen barricaded
themselves against other French
men in Algeria, the Moslem popu-
lation pursued a policy of watch
full waiting. There we're demon
strations Of support for Gen. de
Gaulle in some cities. but on the
whole Moslems remained aloof
from all the turmoil. In Tunis,
the provisional government of Al
geria urged all MoslemS to avoid
any involvement in the strife.
Participation, the exile govern
ment said, would be "provocation"
and could result in a massacre of
Moslems by the European insur-
gents.
The provisional government and
the Algerian National Liberation
Movement are repeatedly planning
to seek an extraordinary session
of the United Nations General AS
sembly on the Algerian problem.
Evening star., 1960-01-31
Army's Loyalty

There was no rush of acceptance
among the embittered colons of
Gen. de Gaulle's authority. But
once the fact of the army's loyalty
to Paris authority had been eStab-
lished, there was little the rebels
could do. Only the support of the
armed forces could enable them to
gain their ends:
To force the resignation of Gen.
de Gaulle and the abandonment
Of his program for Algerian self
determination.
The entire week was one of dra-
matte intensity, of taut nerves and
emotional appeals. As late as Fri
day, it seemed almost certain that
some concessions, at least, would
have to be made to the Algerian
rebels and their rigfit-wing polit-
ical supporters in France If COL
lapse of the regime and civil war
were to be avoided.
Frenchmen everywhere reacted
with a kind Of despair when. last
Sunday, barricaded rebels in AL
giers clashed with blue-clad riot
police and counted 26 dead and
almost $50 wounded. Grim-faced
men and women watched on Tues
day when the bodies of the slain.
covered with the tricoler, were
buried. ParatrooperS in their
berets stood by in silence, their
sympathies plain enough.
Evening star., 1960-01-31

basis Of later intelligence showing
that the Russians were not follow
ing through on their capabilities,
declined to purchase the extra
planes. Today, the United States
holds at least a 2-to-1 edge over
the USSR on long-range bombers.
Several hours after the Presi-
dent spoke, Mr.. Dulles, the CIA
chief, disclosed in some detail
how the national estimates are
arrived at, emphasizing the while
that there has been no change in
method.
He denied Democratic charges
of politics in intelligence and
pointed out that it was difficult
to predict what emphasis the
RusSiaps would give to a particu-
lar weapon until it was ready for
production. Then he got to the
core of the matter.
Evening star., 1960-01-31
THE NATIONAL SCENE
Defense: Estimates and Guesses

President Eisenhower, De-
fense Secretary Gates and Di-
rector of Central Intelligence
Dulles last week sought to clear
up confusion on United States
intelligence estimates of Soviet
missile strength. Democrats
continued to denounce what
they charged was dependence
on enemy "intentions" rather
than on his Capabilities"
Gen. Thomas S. Power, Stra-
tegic Air Commander, said the
Russians could have the ability
to destroy virtually all our re-
taliat0ry forces in a surprise at
tack two years from now.
His statements were subject to
miSinterpretation. Certainly his
meaning was subject to mis-
interpretation"
The speaker was the President
OF the United States, who two weeks
ago said heatedly that he be-
lieved he probably knew more
about defense matters than any
one else in the country. He re-
ferred to press conference COM
ments by Mr.. Gates which indi-
Gated that we were now drawing
intelligence estimates on Soviet
intentions and not its capabilities.
The Gates statement, following
testimony on Capitol Hill about a
new formula-based on new in
formation-in figuring probable
Soviet plans-set off a partisan
howl which still has not been
quieted.
Mr.. Eisenhower attempted a
Qualification last Tuesday. He as
sured reporters that we are now
getting better information upon
which to base our estimates. And
he added this advice:
Il think we should never talk
about an argument between in
tention and capability. Both Of
these things are, of course, neces-
sary when you are making any
intelligence estimate"
Evening star., 1960-01-31
Bomber Analogy

The President had a case in
point with which to bolster his
position. A few years ago. intel
ligence reports indicated a Soviet
capability to build a great many
intercontinental bombers. This
provoked cries of a bomber gap"
similar to the current ones about
missile gap"
Congress voted extra funds to
step up our bomber production.
But the ADMINISTRATION, on the
Evening star., 1960-01-31
Debt Reduced

But there was nothing even
approaching an agreement. and
the negotiations were broken of.
They were resumed in l95l-52,
and the American figure for a
settlement was reduced to $500
million. The Soviet delegation
offered $500 million, there was no
further progress. and the talks
were broken off again.
At Camp David last September.
President Eisenhower suggested to
Soviet Premier Khrushchev that
a settlement of the outstanding
Lend-Lease debt would help to
ease the way for relaxation Of
existing restrictions on trade be-
tween the United States and the
Soviet Union. Mr.. Khrushchev
agreed, and in subsequent nego-
tiations arrangements were made
to resume the talks in Washington
January IL. Soviet Ambassador
Mikhail Menshikov was chosen to
repre- sent his country, while
Charles E. Bohlen, Special Assist
ant to the Secretary of State on
Soviet affairs, represented the
United States. Prospects for an
agreement looked good.
But four sessions between the
two men-all of them amicable,
it was reported-revealed only a
new impasse. The Soviet spokes-
man insisted that the Lend-Lease
settlement must be linked with:
Removal of trade restrictions
and most favored nation" treat
ment for Soviet imports.
Long-term credits to be ex-
tended by the United States to
the Soviet Union.
Mr.. Menshikov insisted that the
United States had itself linked
the trade question with Lend
Lease in an exchange of letters
between Mr.. Eisenhower and Mr..
Khrushchev almost two years ago.
Evening star., 1960-01-31
Authority Is Congress

Mr.. Bohlen, on his part, pointed
out to Mr.. Menshikov that only
Congress could extend most
favored-nation' treatment to the
Soviet Union, since an act of Con-
gresS passed in 1851 specifically
forbade such treatment for Soviet
imports. CThe moSt-favored-na-
ton" practice extends to a trad
ing country the most attractive
tariff rates available to any other
nationD In addition, he pointed
out, the johnson Act of 1884.
aimed at the time at defaulting
World War l debtor nations. for
bids extension of loans or credits
to nations in debt to the United
States.
Diplomats tend to view the
latest break-off of talks as evi-
dence that the Soviet Union wants
intensely to end the current re-
strictions on trade. and feels that
the Eisenhower administration
would be inclined to accept
any honorable arrangement that
would strengthen the peace and
prosperity" platform of the COM
ing presidential election cam
palgn There was also general
agreement that the State Depart
ment, in breaking off the talks,
was serving notice on Moscow
that election campaign needs were
not going to soften United States
inslstence on hard, fast and de-
pendable agreements, if any, with
the Soviet Union.
There was a difference, how
ever. in last weeks break-off and
the previous two on the Lend
Lease issue. This time there was
no angry stalk-out, no vitupera-
ton, and above all no finality in
the cessation of negotiations. Mr..
Bohlen expressed readiness to re-
Continued on Page ca
Evening star., 1960-01-31
OnLend-Leose
Breokoff

On Wednesday the United
States, after four fruitIess ne
gOtiating sessions, broke off
talks with the Soviet Union on
settlement of the World War
ii Lend-Lease debt. Soviet in
sistence that the Lend Lease
debt be linked with a trade
agreement and with long term
credits was blamed by the State
Department for the break-Off.
During the bloody and bitter
days when Adolf Hitler's mighty
Evening star., 1960-01-31
Appeal to Duty

The President noted the divided
sentiments Of the army with an
apt phrase: Helped initially by
the complaisant incertitude OF a
number of military elements :"
he declared, the insurgents had
provoked with fears and feverish
passions" a threat of national
disaster. To the soldiers he said:
Your mission allows neither
equivocation nor Interpretation
what would become of the
French Army If some of the
elements place conditions on their
loyalty?
Il am-you know 1.-THE Su-
preme Commander. 1t is I who
carry the destiny OF the nation.
I must therefore be obeyed by
every French soldier. believe
Evening star., 1960-01-31
Not q Guess

consequently, in our estimates
we generally stress capabilities in
the early stages of Soviet weap-
ons development and then, as
more hard facts are available, we
estimate their probable program
ming, sometimes referred to as
intentions" he said.
Mr.. Gates, who obviously did
not say what he meant in his
first formal news conference held
since he succeeded Neil Nc
Elroy as Secretary of Defense last
Evening star., 1960-01-31
THE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
The Prospects Of Victory for De Gau||e

French President de GaulIe
Friday commanded the army
to restore order in Algeria.
Yesterday the insurgent Euro
pean settlers called off the gen.
eral strike in effect all week.
But die-hard extremists still
manned the barricades.
II q week ago today the French
army of some 100000 men had
been ordered to crack down on
the rebelliouS French settlers in
Algeria, the Fifth Republic might
have been toppled into the his
tory books. For there was no
question that the loyalties of the
troops and especially of their
officers were divided. 1t was made
abundantly clear in Algiers that
the soldiers would not fire on
their rebellious fellow country
men.
But once again Gen. de Gaulle,
cautiously and deliberately, DEM
onstrated his skill as a strategist.
He yielded not an inch in his
insistence that self determination,
after ceaSe-f1re, would deter
mine the political future Of
Algeria, where Moslems outnum-
Der Europeans by nine to one. He
avoided precipitate action, voiced
no peremptory demands. Yet he
may have succeeded, in those few
days, in pulling the fuse of a dan
gerous bomb that might have
exploded all France into civil war.
Yesterday the insurgents in Al
geria's principal cities were dis
perSing. The barricades were COM
ing down except for those manned
by the most extreme elements of
the rebellion. But the Home
Guard, an armed and uniformed
territorial militia which had been
openly supporting the rebellion,
complied only partially with or
ders from the army command
that they leave the barricades.
Evening star., 1960-01-31

do most other critics who see
missile gap sometime in the fu-
ture, that there is now no deter
rent gap.
Evening star., 1960-01-31

yielded on no points. Neither did
he threaten. With words of grave
Indignation, Gen. de Gaulle
stressed the folly of the insurrec-
tioniStS' course, their attempt to
impose their pretensions on the
nation. the state, and myself" the
certain consequences if this seces-
sion comes about"
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-01-22
Management Goes Forward

teachings and moral principles; g the
exchange Of ideas among members as
to how Catholic moral principles may
be applied in the complex business
society in which we live.
WE AGREE with Ave Maria that
the development of employer-manager
associations is a momentous occasion
which bodies well for the future of
American economic life.
1T HAS BEEN felt in the past that
Catholics in the economic field have
given all their attention to labor and
neglected management. This is partly
true, but mostly because labor needed
more interest.
But it would be wrong for any
Catholic to neglect the welfare of
management. This formation of Cath
Ollie employer,manager groups marks
a real milestone in social justice.
WE ENCOURAGE u readers to
support any effort that will further the
cause of social justice for all, -- GAF
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-01-22

SHORTLY BEFORE s pm. on
New Years Day the actress Margaret
SULLIVAN, was found unconscious In her
room from an overdose Of sleeping
pills. She was dead ON arrival at the
New Haven Hospital. She was to have
appeared in a new play that evening.
EVEN THOUGH Miss SULLIVAN
was only 48, it cannot be said her
death was unexpected. For some time
she had been showing signs of strain. A
year or so ago, she cancelled out on a
television play the very night of the
performance. She had been out of the
public eve for a while. and although she
was presumably happy in her role as
wife and mother, apparently she could
not escape the lure of the theatre. But
show business too was not satisfying
and she was reported to be fed up and
ready to quit. She had been treated for.
exhaustion shortly before her death We
learn now that her hearing was serious
ly impaired and she was living in com
slant fear that it would be detected or
interfere with her acting
WHAT IS TT that drives people be-
You'd endurance when it seems they
have everything
HERE WAS A GIRL who came
from a wealthy Virginia family, had a
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-01-22
Margaret Sullivan

good education. looks, poise, ability, and
early success at the age of II, She was
known throughout the world for her
stage and screen performances.
SHE WAS MARRIED four times.
the first three husbands among the best
known men in America: Henry Fonda,
the actor, William Wyler, film director.
and'Leland Hayward. stage and movie
producer. She had three children of her
own and was stepmother to her last
husbands four.
BUT HER LIFE proves that money,
education, fame, ability, modern mar
riage and all that goes with it are not
enough. The lesson here is obvious for
all adults, but we hope young people
especially will see that the pleasures of
the world are not satisfactory in them
selves.
TT IS ONLY when our interests,
abilities. and lives are in harmony with
Gods will that we find any measure of
happiness in this life.
MARGARET SULLIVAN appear
ed to be a charming and gracious per-
son We are saddened by her death for
she may very we'll be a casualty of mod
ern life. Worldly success doesn't ever
make us happy in this world, let alone
the next. What price glory? - GAF
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-01-22

A NOVEMBER ISSUE of the week
" magazine, Ave Maria, commented up
on a new trend among Catholic employ
ers and managers in the United States.
1T CONSISTS in the formation Of
Employers and Managers groups to
make a Christian contribution to Il
economic life. At an August 1859 meet
ing in st. Louis, the national employers
coordinating group set forth this adj
mirable objective:
in carrying on this particular
vocation, the empIoyer-nanager has
great and unusual opportunities as
we'll as responsibilities TO exeerise
the virtues of fraternaI charity and
Justice in his relations with EN-.
~ployees, consumers, competitors, the
local community, and the larger soei-
ties of the nation and, in some in
stances, the family of nations"
The statement went or to say the
group favored al the spiritual and
moral formation Of Catholic employer
managers; b the study of Catholic social
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-01-22
The Ydrdstick
Monopoly Unionism-
l. 1t Moral?
BY Msgr. George q. Higgins

hers of such organizations
from lawfully carrying out the
legitimate detectives thereof,
nor shall such organizations,
or the members thereof. be
held or construed 10 be illegal
combinations or consplracies
In restraint of trade, under
the antitrust laws"
THE CLAYTON ACT, in
summary, said that collective
bargaining, though obviously
not a perfect instrument, is
. legitimate, If not q neces-
sary, means of settling labor.
management disputes. This
Congressional commitment to
collective bargaining as an In
tegral part of our national
labor policy was made even
more explicit in the Norris
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-01-22

Ever since the Clayton
Act was passed by the
Congress of the United
States in 1914 unions
have been exempt from
the provisions Of the Sherman
antitrust or anti-monopoly
law The reason for this is as
sound as a pre-inflation dol
lar.
THE LABOR Of a human
being" in the words Of the
Clayton Act. is not 2 com
modify or article of com.
merce." Therefore, the statute
continues, Nothing in the
antitrust laws shall be CON
strued to forbid the existence
and operation of labor /.
organizations or to forbid
or restrain individual mem
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-01-22

LaGuardla Act of 1882, which
said, among other things. that
the individual morgan
lied worker is commonly
helpless TO exercise actual
liberty of contract and to pro
tect his freedom of labor
IN THE WAGNER ACT of
1885 and the Taft-Hartley Act
Of 1947 the Congress reaf-
firmed its commitment TO col
lective bargaining and refused
to apply the anti-monopoly
provisions of the Sherman Act
to labor unions.
CURRENTLY, however. we
are witnessing a concerted
effort on the part Of influ-
entail individuals and organl-
zations to repeal the Clayton
Act. Indeed you can count
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-01-22

leans are not showing up bet
ter in public morality at the
present time. Their religious
life is superficial because they
are living in their senses.
They are staying on the sur
face Of consciousness instead
of recollecting themselves and
giving their undivided atten-
ton to what God is saying to
them within. Seek, and
you shall find" but bow can
they really find what God is
saving if they luli themselves
half-asleep and make no gen.
uine effort to launch out into
the deep?
WHAT is TRUE of Amer
leans generally is also true
Of American Catholics. We
have to face up to the fact
that we are not pure spirits
and that we devote a lot of
time to seeing and hearing
and tasting things that only
distract us from recollection.
The senses can be a ladder to
the spiritual world but too
often we make them detotrs
that never get us back on the
main road.
PERHAPS we priests have
TO shoulder a large share of
the blame for not encoursg-
ing the practice of recollec-
ton and concentrated atten-
tion on religious truths.
WE KNOW that no man or
woman ever became q saint
unless he or she practlced
some degree of self-knoWl-
edge and self discipline but
how seldom we give sermons
on the art Of meditation or on
awareness of the indwelllng
of the Holy Ghost in the soul.
THE FACT is that the
kingdom OF heaven has been
enduring violent assault. and
the violent have been selzIng
il by force" We need more
spiritual concentration, less
canned sound.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-01-22
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES
Sum and Substance:
Crime, Church Membership
Hit AlI-Time Highs
BY Fir. John B. Sheerin, esp.

eventually the human beng
in the era of TV will evolve
into a creature with one enor-
nous eye like the Cyclops.
But it is not only sights but
sounds also that distract us
from thinking deeply.
HOWARD TAUBMAN in
"The New York Times Sun
day music section January
3rd) says that "a curtain OF
sound" is being draped over
every aspect of life. He does
not condemn it but asks us
to be aware of it ard of what
it means "A beneficent mist
Of music acts like a tran
quilizer and even a music
lover has no right to condemn
those who use music as a
means of combating fatigue
or discomfort.
BUT WE SHOULD notice
how sound is beginning 10
envelop the atmosphere IN
which we live. Muzak is now
piping music into more than
300 apartment projects for
use in the corridors. eleVa-
tors. etc. In many restaurants,
canned music accompanies
the dinner and IN certain
lunch rooms-you need only
put a dime in the juke-boX on
the counter to have your own
favor1te music.
ALL THIS Is innocent
enough diversion but the
New York Times writer
points out that it does not
necessarily help you 10 APP
preciate good music. For the
appreciation Of music de-
mands concentration of mind
and heart If YOU are to get
what the composer intended
10 communicate to you. Back
ground music may tranqulllze
but it doesn't say anything to
YOU unless you are giving II
YOUR undivided attention.
HERE, | THINK, is one Of
the main reasons why Amer
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-01-22

that week lost that doesn't
see another article or speech
delivered on this subject.
IN THE FACE of all this
pressure the Administration
has thus far stuck to lis guns
and has kept faith with the
basic philosophy Of the Clay ,
ton Act and of the other stat.
utes referred TO above. Let us
hope that ii will continue to
do so. for the logical result
Of repeating the Clayton Act
would not only he To weaken
the institution of collective
bargaining, but, for all prac.
teal purposes, to give II the
kiss OF death.
THE REASON for this. is
very simple. Collective bar
gaining presupposes the ex-
istence of free and independ
ent unions. But a literal APP
p~lication of the anti-monopoly
laws to labor would logically
require the dissolution of all
unions. Every union, regard
ess Of It's size. has as one of
its major detectives the elm
nation of competition among
the employees in a given la
Dor market.
BUT the
purpose of making unions
subject to the anti-monopoly
laws would be TO restore I'M
fettered competition in the
labor market. Therefore, II
this purpose were to be writ
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-01-22
THE AMERICAN PEG


PIE are at the same time
religious and immoral.
That seems like paradox
but it's true. And it so
happens chat as a nation
we are more religious
than ever and also more Grim
insl than ever. That is. We
are more religious than ever
IL you judge by church mem
bership.
LOUIS cAssELs, United
Press international writer. in
his roundup and summary of
1859 phrases the paradox in
this fashion: IF America is
experiencing a genuine relig-
ious revival, why aren't its
fruits more evident in the gen
eral level of public moral
ity?" He goes on TO say that
the question haunting many
clergymen is why divorce, IL
legitimacy, alcoholism, iu-
venile crime and other symp-
toms OF a sick society have
risen TO an all-time high
along with church member
ship?
IT IS HARD to pinpoint
any one reason as the cause
Of this strange phenomenon
as there are probably many
reasons for il. But the obvious
answer to the problem is that
contemporary religion is not
genuine. not deeply-felt, not
an enthusiastic commitment.
1t is superficial. But why Is 1t
superficial
MY GUESS is that the peO-
pie of our generation are so
engrossed with sense distrac-
tions that they don't take
time out to think deeply over
the big facts on life. Telew-
sion keeps their sense OF sight
40 busy that they don't plunge
down into the deepest part Of
their souls.
SOMEONE HAS SAID that