davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-12-18
On AIgerio::.
A Vote Due

President de Gaulle returned
70 France from Algeria Tuesday,
cutting short his planned touP
. after severe violence tore
through AIgierS, Oran, COnstsn-
time and Bone.
The Constable Of France is stick.
ing to his guns on Algeria. but he
appears to consider useless any
further personal effort in the re-
bellious African province. Gen.
de Gaulle new back to Fhris re-
iterating his determination to 90
ahead with his plans for . refer
endum on his proposal for "an
Algerian Algeria" next month.
The Premier Of the Algerian
Provisional Government. Ferhat
Abbas. announced from his
capital-in-exile. Tunis, that Al.
gerian rebels and nationalists must
shun the referendum. The De
Gaulle plan is o sham" and o
trap. he warned. unless the
French President consents TO d.
rect negotiations with the National
Liberation Front (NLN and the
provisional government.
French troops were on guard
at key points in all major cities
during the week to quell any fur
ther outbreaks Of mob violence.
More than 100 lives were lost in
the rioting early last week. Moslem
crowds clashed with European
"colons," and French troops and
gendarmes were forced to fire on
both.
At the United Nations, a reso-
luton calling for a U. N. sponsored
referendum in Algeria on the
country's future awaits q vote in
the General Assembly. The reso-
luton, favored by the Algerian
Nationalists. was approved by the
Political Committee Thursday by
q vote Of ~ to 20, with 20 absten-
tations.
The newly independent African
nations associated with France In
the French Community win act
tomorrow to soften the resolution
somewhat. At least IL nations are
expected to propose deletion of
the clause asking direct U. N.
intervention in Algeria, and to
urge instead q renewal Of direct
Algerian Nationalist French ne
gotiations.
Since the Afro-Asian bloc holds
considerable power in the Assem-
bly, on such issues as Algeria, the
move to soften the resolution
might succeed. without it, dele
gates predict that the resolution
will fail to get the two-thirds vote
necessary for approval.
Following their customar
course, the French delegates have
boycotted the sessions on Algeria,
on the ground that Algeria 10 q
purely domestic and internal
French problem.
Evening star., 1960-12-18
ToIks With Kubitschek.

The $64-dollar question here,
however, is: What did the Admiral
tell the President?
On Tuesday, a few hours be-
fore Admiral Burke and his party
left on the return flight to WASH
ington. Mr.. Kuhitschek asked him
to drop by the Palacio da
Alvorada presidential palace
for q chat.
No authoritative report on pre-
cisely what was said Is available
for publication. It Is understood,
however. that the two men got
right to the point as to what
service should man the newly
modernized carrier and that the
President thanked the Admiral
for his views.
The Brazilian navy wants to
employ its carrier as the nucleus
Of an anti-submarine hunter
killer group and as training
ship for ASW operations.
The MinaS .GeraiS (named
after q State In BraziD will be
equipped with the latest gear,
including steam catapults. angled
deck and mirror landing system
for the aircraft.
It could be the first Of several
more carriers. according to navy
spokesmen who see. In the years
to come. q tremendous growth
for the country (now IS million
strong), both in economic power
and In world responsibilities. The
Brazilian navy feels that it can
then lift . tremendous load from
the back Of the United States
Navy for the defense Of the South
Atlantic Sealanes and the South
American continent, particularly
against the submarine menace.
President Kubitschek may. Of
course, decide against the navy.
AS one American put 1t. IF this
happens. I would hate to be one Of
the first group Of air force guys
assigned to the carrier"
Evening star., 1960-12-18
Restoring Prestige
Is Stevenson's S Job

would have meant at least the
restoration Of Lumumba to power.
The United States had to choose
between an immediate national
interest - keeping Communist
hands OF the wealth Of the Ka-
tanga-and the long-raIlge goal
Of aligning itself with emerging
Africa and Asia. It chose the
s former.
Algeria is another case in point.
Gen. de Gaulle made bold effort
for peace last week end. but it
backfired.
Instead Of demonstrating his
control over the European extrem-
lists, his dramatic visit to Algeria
touched OF violent rioting not
only by the Europeans - they
might have been contained-but
by the Moselems as well.
And when the Army fired on
the Moslems. the picture which
was projected on the world screen
became one Of confused lack Of
authority and tangled loyalties,
rather than confidence inspiring
control by Gen. de Gaulle.
U. N. friends of the Algerian
rebels seized upon the events to
underline their demand that the
world organization must step in.
In order to identify itself with
the Afro Asian majority, the
United States would have had to
indorse that demand-in effect,
displaying lack of confidence in
Gen. de Gaulle and, indeed, hit
ting him when he was down.
Key Negotiations Coming
Such a move would scarcely have
helped solidify NATO in advance
Of key negotiations with the Rus
slams on Berlin and disarmament
next year. 1t clearly would have
been too great sacrifice Of imme-
diate national interest.
Elsewhere, the policy choice for
the United States often Is less
clear cut, but almost always the
basic dilemma is the same.
That something drastic must be
done. however, is only too clear
to observers here. Last week Nj
geria, which many had hoped
would be a stalwart friend of the
West in Africa, stood up In the
General Assembly and read into
the record the atrocious letter of
racial abuse which he and a num-
Der Of other delegates had received
in the mail. ostensibly from the
Klu Klux Klan.
For Nigeria to give the "docu-
ment" he elevated it to that
status - such notice seemed to
epitomize the plight of United
States diplomacy.
If the new Kennedy administra-
ton can perform a successful
bootstrap hauling operation.
Americans here will cheer. Ste
venson's personal acceptability
will give him a head start on the
problem.
Evening star., 1960-12-18
BY GERALD WARNG
ContributinR Writer

'OTTAWA.-Lest anyone assume
the presence Of o Cuban govern
ment trade mission in Canada last
week is evidence Of an Ottawa
Havana axis. let's look at the facts
as they appear in the Canadian
capital.
Canadian government policy is
to encourage export sales Of Cana
dian goods to all countries that
have the dollars to pay for them,
including Communist China. The
only restrictions are on shipments
Of arms and strategic materials.
especially to Communist countries.
Canada has just launched an
export sales drive aimed ct in
creAsing foreign sales by 20 per
cent. to help balance q recurrent
trade deficit with the United
States and to provide jobs for the
growing number Of workers who
lace unemployment this winter.
Canada declined to Join the
J 'United States In the latter's en-
barge on trade with Cuba, but
not merely for selfish trade rea-
SONS. Canada has no quarrel with
Castro. II knows Of the Commu-
mist influence In the Castro re-
Hime. But of1icials here argued
that the United States embargo
would not be effective, with the
rest Of the world willing to do
business with Castro, and the
Communist world particularly
eager to do so. The embargo is
predestined to fail on political
grounds as well, Canadians be-
lieve, because it arouses resent
ment Of the United States in the
Nationalistic Cuban people re-
gardless Of their feelings towards
their government, and because it
encourages them to turn to the
Communist world for help.
American Deductions
Canadian intelligence reports on
Cuba and the Canadian govern
ment's deductions therefrom are
In. opposition to American reports
and deductions. But Canadian
knowledge Of Cuba is not super
flcial. Canada has been trading
with Cuba for q century, and
Evening star., 1960-12-18
Conodo-Cubo Trade:
A Practical Matter

Canadian banks have dominated
foreign banking In Cuba since
1899.
So on directions from Prime
Minister Diefenbaker, government
o6icials here seek to continue
normal" trade relations with
Cuba. At the same time they are
fully aware that Canada's course
could harm political and trade
relations with the United States.
To minimize this possibility the
Canadian government Is willing
to sell Cuba only Canadian -origin
goods. with Q strong indication
from Diefenbaker that exports Of
strategic goods will not be per-
mitted.
The main difficulty is likely to
be not with strategic materials,
but with United States goods Inn
ported into Canada for re-export
to circumvent the United States
embargo. Without making any
public statements, the Govern.
ment Is taking precautions to pre-
vent Canada being used as q back
door for beating the embargo,
whether by Cubans. Canadians or
Americans.
The EmborgO Move
While the United States Gov
ernment would prefer Canadian
support in the embargo move,
there has been no sign Of any
United States attempt to exert
pressure on Canada. Ottawa's
policy of careful neutrality leaves
little room for official complaint
from Washington.
A senior trade Official summed
UP the Canadian position when he
said earnestly that "We're trying
normally as we can. We want TO
keep on the best Of terms with
both Cuba and the United States"
into this situation the Cuban
trade mission arrived unlimited.
1t was received courteously. It's
head. Economies Minister Regime
Boti. said Cuba had no desire to
embarass the Canadian govern
mert. 1t did not want to buy
United States goods in Canada,
only Canadian goods. It did not
want arms, uranium or other stra-
tegic materials-only Canadian
made industrial. agricultural and
automotive equipment and parts,
industrial raw materials, and
purebred cattle. Cuba had $3.50
millions cash to spend in Canada,
Boh said. compared with one
tenth that amount which Cuba
spent here In 1859. This week the
Cubans have been placing orders
for good slice Of the $3.50 mil
lions.
But with all the logic they see
in their Cuban trade policy, Ca
il1adians are concerned about
American reaction. Officials here
act as If walking on eggs, be-
cause they realize Canada's best
interests will not be served by O
rupture Of Canada's historic good
relaticns with the United States.
Evening star., 1960-12-18

owned an aircraft carrier until 1t
purchased the Royal Navy'S Ven
geance about three years ago. It
has been flying It's own helicop-
ters, however. This has made
the air force angry. A navy hell
copter reportedly IL met with cold
radio silence II IL requests landing
instructions ct any field con-
trolled by the air force.
Mr.. Kubitschek Is expected
to make Q decision on the matter
soon. He has been awaiting o
final recommendation from the
combined chiefs Of stan Of the
armed services. He does not, Of
course. have to follow their recon-
mendation.
Evening star., 1960-12-18
Italians Depart

But World War II brought the
Emperor back to his throne. The
Italians, defeated everywhere. de-
parted. and Italian Eritrea be-
came Q federated. autonomous
part Of Ethiopia. Since the war
Halle Selassie has led his nation
In . cooperative program on in
ternational affairs, stressing the
importance Of the United Ma
tions and Of collective security.
Last Wednesday the Emperor,
with o large retinue In his own
luxurious plane. was In Sac paulo,
Brazil. on an Oficial state visit.
Just before he was to have at
tended Q gala state dinner with
Brazilian ofIicials, the word was
flashed that q palace revolt In
Adds Ababa had succeeded. The
Adds Ababa radio annodnced to
the world that Halle eelassie had
been deposed.
The new government pro.
claimed the Crown Prince, Asia
Wassan. as King. The Emperor's
counsin. Ras Imeru. was named
Premier. and o statement Of
policy revealed strong nationalist
factors similar to those prevailing
in Egypt and the Sudan, Ethi-
opia's neighbors.
The rebels were well organized
and had apparently laid their
plans carefully. Leaders known
to be loyal to Halle Selassie had
been summoned to the Imperial
Palace on the pretext that the
Empress was seriously Ill. There
they were surrounded by the
palace guard. and an hour later
the new government was pro-
claimed, in the name Of the
Crown Prince. ito end 5000 years
Of tyranny and injustice"
Evening star., 1960-12-18
BY CHARLES BARTLETT
contr,but,ne wr,tsr

=
The most striking physical
change which President elect
Kennedy win bring to the execu-
tiEe branch lies In his plans for
The White House.
The new President is likely to
bring less than 10 key officials
into the White House ofiices with
him. He Is reported planning to
operate with compact team Of
intimate assistants, ;
The arrangement. reminiscent
of the pre-war stan Of Franklin
~ Roosevelt. win be q departure
from the policies Of President
Eisenhower and o long step from
the proposals for an enlarged
White House bureaucracy headed
6y . iirst secretary with author
~ even over the Secretary Of
state:
when the White House stan
meets now. the assembly involves
approximately IS people. There
are ct least three layers Of ON
cials including the six who have
the top jobs and are closest to the
President, another six who work
at Q secondary level, and the re-
mainder assigned. to specialized
functions connected with the pres
idency.
Mr.. Kennedy's intention APP
parenkly is to press all the special
lied functions into the Budget
Bureau and agencies and keep
the White House staR unspecial-
lied and concerned almost COM
pletely with the problems up for
decision at the time. As with
Roosevelt, almost ell the activities
Of the White House win relate
directly to the current interests
Of the President.
g ~ Enlarged the Stan
Mr.. Eisenhower formalized
White House procedures. insti-
tuted the Take it up with Sher-
man" clearance, and enlarged the
White House stan. A great many
of those who call themselves ON
cials Of the White House work
across the street In the Executive
Once Building. Some Eisen-
hover aides are bitter ct the
publicity which has suggested
that Mr.. Eisenhower took refuge
from Ehe problems Of his ofiice
in the protection Of the staR sys-
tenn. The image Of the retiring
President as o protected figure
has been heavily overdrawn. they
argue, by the early emphasis on
Mr.. Adams Is q man who stood
between the President and the
men who should see him.
The modern President must be
Q withdrawn figure, they main
tain. to protect himself from the
. casual opportunities Of the poll
. ticians and agency heads. He
cannot let himself be too accessi-
bile 70 his stan and agency ON
cials or he win be sHnothered by
their human inclinations to lay
their problems before him. Every
administration has been plagued
by the tendency to take the
matter TO the White House.
This Is one Of the arguments
for the small staR which Mr..
Kennedy plans in the White
Evening star., 1960-12-18
THE FOREIGN SCENE
Continued From Page C-l

Continued From Page C-1
constitution, and undertook to
modernize his almost Biblical
land and It's people.
In the course Of his reign, chal-
lenges to his authority have been
frequent. The worst, Of course,
was the Italian invasion Of 1885.
Halle Selassie earned the ap-
plause OF the world when he
pleaded his country's cause ut
Geneva before o weak and vacil-
lating League Of Nations. His
warnings to the world on the
fruits Of appeaSement and tolera-
ton Of aggression were tragically
borne out In World War u.
Evening star., 1960-12-18
SANE PROBLEMS IN DEFENSE
Air Force and Navy SquabbIe in Brazil

Brazilian reporters did to do so
with such questions as. "How
many aircraft carriers do you
think Brazil needs to defend its
$500 miles Of coastline?"
The Admiral. in reply to other
questions, did explain how and
why the United States Navy en-
ploys aircraft carriers and why
men who know the sea and ships
fiy our naval planes. He stressed.
too. the Importance of carriers for
anti-submarine work.
Evening star., 1960-12-18

before the exodus. London radio
heard. the rebels shot four Of the
Emperor's leading ministers.
The entire royal family was re-
ported to be quite safe In the I'M
perial Palace. Gen. Abiye Abebe,
the Emperor's son-in-law. gover-
nor Of the autonomous province Of
Eritrea. said late yesterday that
the rebellion had been totally
broken.
Evening star., 1960-12-18
By WILLIAM r. FRYE
ContrIbuting Writer

UNITED NATIONS, N. Y. -
Adlai e. Stevenson commented,
last week, when accepting his new
assignment as chief United Ma
tions delegate. that "the United
States has lost control Of the
q. NJ" The essence Of his task, he
said. viii be to restore the Amer
lean position.
It clearly is q fact that the
United States no longer controls
events here. What happened last
week on the Congo, for example,
was vivid new evidence Of the
fact.
But 1t Is not o new situation. It.
dates at least from 1857, when
Sputnik I dramatized o funda-
mental shift In the balance Of
power, and the Russians began TO
translate their new military might
into diplomatic leverage. It could
be said to 60 back as far as 1853.
when . split between the United
States and India antagonized the
influential Afro-Asian bloc.
The real question Is: What
can be done about this long
standing problem without prohibi-
tive sacrifice Of immediate United
States national interest?
Mr.. Stevenson will start in jan
uary with one major asset: per-
sonal popularity here. He has
immense standing with U. N.
people Of all kinds; many regard
him as the most outstanding
American in public life. bar none.
But this U. N. love affair with
Adlai will not swing many votes
unless it is followed up with pol
icieS which build q solidly- based
romance. Promise her anything,
but give her Arpege" will not work
with the Afro-Asian bloc.
Policy Reorientotion
And when 1t comes to specific
reorientations Of American policy
in o direction designed to win a
lasting following, difhculties be-
gin to spring up. Mr.. Stevenson
may be able to overcome them,
but 1t will not be an easy task.
For example:
On the Congo, last week, a
large segment Of the U. N. indi-
Gated sharp dissatisfaction with
what the United States, Belgium,
and France have been doing there.
Some were so unhappy. indeed,
with western policy and with Sec
ary-General Dag Harmmar-
skjold'S reaction to 1t that they
pulled their troops out Of the
U. N. peace force.
What the West has been doing,
in q word, is forcing the Rus
slams and their Congolese SYM
pathizers out Of positions OF in
f1uence-and, in some cases, into
jail-by manipulation, bribery,
and other bare-knuckled devices
which the Russians would have
used II they had had the chance,
and which indeed they have used
in the Lumumba stronghold of
Stanleyville.
This display Of power politics
ofendS the sensibilities Of many
here. In some cases, the motive
for the concern is sympathy for
Moscow: but in many more cases,
1t Is worry lest the Congo fall
back under Belgian domination,
thus severely jolting African ma
tionalisIn q dearly cherished
cause, and one with which they
insist on identifying Patrice Lu-
numba.
KOtong0 Wealth
In order to win the support of
the African nationalists, the
United States would have had to
H. 4
Evening star., 1960-12-18
The offieiol Celebration

While the President meditates,
the navy-air force battle roarS.
Bra2il's Navy Week (Semana de
Marinha) was celebrated from
December Z to Is. The air force
had its week" In October. The
Evening star., 1960-12-18
FOR Own stoH Chief

N1I. ktOOScVSlC was MS own cnlS1
Of stan and the things he per-
sonally did not do from week to
week, the trouble shooting and in
telligence he did not need at hand
were all stated outside the White
House. He discouraged specializa-
tion by his star and liked alter
native sources Of information and
advice. He took the Budget Bu-
reau out Of the Treasury Depart
ment and made 1t an expert, Inn
personal and non-political arm Of
executive administration and the
repository Of many Of the routine
activities he did not want in the
White House.
In embracing this concept of
White House organization. Mr..
Kennedy has been assisted by
Richard Neustadt. Q young Gov
erument professor at Columbia
who has served In the White
House. Mr.. Neustadt, who also
worked with Senator Jackson.
Democrat Of Washington on his
study Of executive organization,
has been q leading critic Of the
first secretary proposal.
Mr.. Neustadt maintains that
such o figure would be o model
for trouble" o man too visible to
function anonymously as q Harry
Hopkins and too accountable to
function privately as q Sherman
Adams.
"a man in his position" Mr..
NeuStadt observed recently,
Would be almost sure to fall be-
tween stools, too encumbered by
his titles, statutes, stats to be Q
really intimate aide, yet too re-
moved from any departmental
base to fight for long. on advanta-
geouS terms. with Treasury, the
Pentagon. or even perhaps State" I"
Such arguments have clearly
prevailed with the President-elect.
Some who applaud his decision to
start with o small stan insist that
he won't be able to keep 1t that
way. that pressures Of the modern
presidency will force him to ex-
pand his circle Of aides TO carry
his burdens. The president. It has
been said. Is like Lewis CAROLS
Red Queen. He must run aS fast
as he can to stay In the same
place.
Evening star., 1960-12-18
Kotonq0 Wealth

In order to win the support Of
the African nationalists, the
United States would have had to
trust the Congo wholly to the
u. NJ, and that policy line clearly
Evening star., 1960-12-18
White House Staff
Streomlining Seen

House. Today's large stan is as
busy as FDR's small one was 20
years ego and some maintain that
the tendency to push problems up
from the departments Is en-
couraged by the presence Of peo-
pie in the White House who will
accept them.
It was not until 1857 that Con-
gress paid even the salary Of an
assistant to the President and the
assistance was largely clerical un-
I'll the turn Of the century. The
White House stan grew slowly
through the years but in 1887 o
study by the Brownlow Commits
sion revealed that the President
needed help badly and six more
administrative assistants were
provided. Mr.. Roosevelt talked
ct times Of making one Of them
more important than the others,
. sort Of chief Of stan, but he
never got around to 1t.
Evening star., 1960-09-20

J. and Velma D.; Wilson. Henry; Will
son. James; Wilson, Martha; Wilson.
Robert E.; Windsor. Vincent T.: Win
free, M. T. and S. E.; Wingare. Alice
E.; Winston, Jack W; Winston, v.
A.; winters, Dolores W; Winters, Will
liam N; Wishington, Marie E.;
Within, Tadeusz A.; Wodlun, Joseph;
Wolley, Frank; Woltman, Ethel M
Womack Oscar c.; Wood Glendean;
Wood, Joseph; Wood, L. L. and L. M;
Evening star., 1960-09-20

Politics in the American
Drama" was two years in the
writing, Mr.. Names said. He
got the idea while working on
his doctorate some years ago at
the University of Pennsylvania.
Mr.. Names book is a first"
because no one else has put be-
tween covers the story Of the
influence of American stage
plays on politics, and vice versa.
Evening star., 1960-09-20
Church Editor Turns
'ToAutogroph Writing

the century and progresses to
today's Broadway hit, "Fiorel-
To-" the story of former New
York Mayor LaGuardia.
"I've been interested in both
plays and politics for years, "
Mr.. Names explained.
II ran into people I hadn't
seen for years." he said of his
autographing session. One was
a classmate at Rutgers, where
Mr.. Names was graduated in
1881, Phi Beta Kappa.
Published by the Catholic
University of America Press,
Evening star., 1960-09-20

Caspar Names, religious news
editor of The Star since 1949,
has shown a new face.
Yesterday, seated at a small
table in the downtown book
shop Of Woodward & 10th
rop, Mr.. Names was writing
his autograph on the fiyleaf of
his first book.
Apparently hiding a couple of
other loves all these years, Mr..
Names has written a literary
first" called Politics in the
American Drama"
He begins before the turn of
Evening star., 1960-09-20

Wood. william: woodburn, Jean;
Woods. Elsie M; Woods. Robert; Wood
ward, Purvis; voolfolk, Barbara A.;
Wooiston. Stanley A, and doidie G.;
Wooten. Shirley j.; Wormley, Sheryl
81 Worshan. John A.; Wray, c. A. H.;
Wright III, A, q. and M. H.; Wright,
geS % J and Wrigat j. H. wTias KIlEases fnSV1 %1iEe
Wright, Willie; Wynn, Matthew A.