davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-03-26
Macmillan In Town

Although 1t has come as something
OF surprise, Prime Minister Macmil-
lan's current visit to the United States
is altogether welcome. He and President
Eisenhower are old friends, and they
have decided-after having had some
tnconclusive transatlantic telephone
talkS-that a face-to-face meeting is
the best way for them to tackle the task
OF harmonizing British and American
views in response to the Kremlin's latest
proposal on banning nuclear tests.
In some quarters, here in our own
country as well as in Britain, this Soviet
offer has been acclaimed as a major
concession to the West. But there are
many distinguished American political
and scientific experts who beg to differ,
and very emphatically. Not without rea-
son, they find it difficult to see exactly
what the Kremlin is conceding when it
continues to demand, in effect, a total
ban on all types of nuclear testing True,
1t has acknowledged that the ban should
not formally apply to the smaller under
ground shots that are now undetectable,
but its spokesmen at Geneva have in
sisted at the same time that we and the
British should debar ourselves from
such shots for the next five or six years,
or preferably forever, merely on the
basis of unpoliced paper promises that
could be violated and evaded at will
With little or no chance of exposure.
What sort of a concession do we
have here? Clearly, it does not seem to
amount to much, If it amounts to any
thing whatever, when one keeps in mind
that our own country's proposals. sub
mitted at Geneva last month with Brit
lsh backing-would specifically exempt
the smaller tests from the ban and thus
make them permissible unless or until
they could be adequately detected and
policed. But the Russians demur. They
admit that these particular detonations
:an be staged surreptitiously at present,
but they argue that Britain, the United
States and the USSR should neverthe-
less outlaw them in keeping with sweet
and simple declaration of mutual trust
an "honor system" that would lend it
self to easy and undetectable violations
that could make the violator capable of
achieving possibly decisive advantage
IN the development of revolutionary new
weapons.
In such circumstances, keeping in
mind the past Soviet record of promise
and performance, why should Britain
and the United States (not to mention
France, the newest member of the nu-
clear club) favor the idea of a COM
pletely unpoliced moratorium on under
ground shots? The question speaks for
itself. Along with other things that
may bear decisively on the May summit
meeting, this matter certainly will be
thoroughly discussed at the impending
Macmillan-Ei Eisenhower meeting, and we
venture to hope-rather confidently
that the net result of the talks will
be further strengthening of Anglo
American unity.
Evening star., 1960-03-26
Dealing With Castro

The conciliatory attitude
and dilatory actions of our
Government vis-a-vis the
constant inveighing against
the United States by the
irresponsible leaders of the
Cuban people are horrify-
ing to many self-respecting
Americans. Our integrity has
been challenged almost daily
by the Cuban dictator and
his underlings. In addition,
American travellers to Cuba
frequently are harassed with
out reason.
We should warn the Cuban
government that these in
suits. accusations and treat
ment of our citizens must
cease forthwith or we shall
take stringent counter-meas-
ureS such as complete elimi-
nation Of trade. including
sugar, between the two coun-
tries. This will. Of course,
hurt the Cuban people. but
they are responsible for in
stalling a Costello after their
previous choice of a Capone.
Perhaps our State Depart
ment fears that such action
might result in unfriendly
missile bases opposite our
front door. Even should this
remote possibility ensue, I
never have heard of the Rus
slams living in mortal fear
Of the Turkish missile bases.
And now the crowning
blow to the pride Of many
Americans. Our State De-
partment has condoned all
previous Cuban actions by
returning Ambassador Bon
sal to Havana. This Is akin
to applauding after your
neighbor knocks down your
mother or wife.
Felix winston.
Evening star., 1960-03-26
kked at Cortoonist

The Bergman cartoon of
March 1S. depicting Senator
Barry Goldwater crouchins
at the edge Of a chasm from
which issues a cloud (pre-
sumably noxious) marked
Risk of Nuclear War" and
captioned Follow the Lead
er?" is an interesting ex-
ample Of how far the peace
at-any-price school Of
thought has progresse d
among us. The Senator is
taken to task for doing no
more than paraphrasing the
words Of another man, who
was characterized as a war
monger in his time: rs life
so sweet. as to be purchased
at the price of chains and
slavery? Forbid it, Almighty
God! I know not what course
others may take; but as for
me, give me liberty. or give
me deathl" Would Jim Berry,
man use his formidable pen
to lampoon Patrick Henry?
Or would he contend that
death by a Red-sent bomb is
somehow more deadly than
death by q redcoat bayonet,
the ultimate weapon of an
earlier day?
Hugh 7. O'Reilly.
Evening star., 1960-03-26
Justified Satisfaction

There are adequate grounds for in
dorsing the great satisfaction" oficially
expressed here this week toward current
SpanlSh-American relations and the
contribution that this solidifying rela-
tionShip has made "to the defense of
Western civilization" For Spain Is an
uncompromising foe of communism
today's avowed and greatest enemy of
western civilization. And 1t is one item
OF credit to American foreign policy of
recent years that we have taken the
initiative in at least a partial removal
OF the senseleSs international uuaran-
tine that so long debarred Spain from
participation in common cause.
Even now, of course, Spanish mem
oerShtp IN the Western team" is limited
militarily by its absence from NATO.
Since our first approach to the Madrid
government in 1851 for bilateral defense
and economic agreements, however.
Spain has become a member of the
United Nations, of the international
Monetary Fund and World Bank, and
OF the European Economic Community.
Meanwhile, in 1858, we reached the
agreements which have resulted in con-
Struction and the manning of network
OF air and naval facilities on the Iberian
Peninsula, located strategically between
the Mediterranean and the eastern
Atlantic. Economic provisions of the
agreements, many of them on a loan
basis, have helped the Spanish govern
ment strengthen three fundamental.
but conspicuously weak, sectors of the
nations economy-agriculture, electric
power production and transportation.
The status of this bilateral military
economic program was one of the sub
jectS discussed and reviewed during the
ofheial visit here of Spanish Foreign
Minister Castiella, and was in fact the
occasion for the great satisfaction" ex-
pressed in the two-nation communique.
Significantly, too, it was revealed that
Mr.. Castiella discussed with President
Eisenhower and officials of our State
Department current problems in Latin
America, where both nations have spe-
cial and related interests. It was an
obviously opportune time for such an
exchange of views.
Evening star., 1960-03-26
Unificotion Policy

In reading your editorials
on Chancellor Konrad Ade-
nauer. / am rather surprised
at the attitude your news
paper has taken on this is
sue of German unification.
Are you advocating mot
Munich but a Potsdam con-
ference" in which Germany
again will lose more of its
sovereign territory?
The seriousness Of selling
the Germans down the river"
could force the Germans to
unity with Russia some day.
Your editorial policy seems
to be based on an attitude of
peace in our time" in order
to barter our friends for a
few relatively insignificant
concessions. What will these
concessions be?
Such 4 shortsighted policy
seems to be based on the old
motto of Germany Today
Tomorrow the World" II
We coerce Germany to turn
to the Soviet Union today,
surely you must realize the
consequences on the world Of
tomorrow!
Paul Prescott.
Evening star., 1960-03-26
Grim but Vital Task

Office the SO-called human factor
In aviation accidents is no less impor-
tant than the mechanical factor. the
Federal Aviation Agency wisely has
set up special human factors team"
to make on-the-Spot studies of fatal
crashes. The task has its grim aspects
as is evident from the investigations
being made of the recent air disaster
near the Kentucky-In border-but
experience has shown that the under
taking is well worthwhile.
The new system, operated under
direction of the FAA's ONCE of the Civil
Air surgeon, involves use not only of a
regular staff of medical examiners but.
under a recent extension Of the plan,
the cooperation of 81 of the country's
leading pathologists, serving as consult
ants. Local authorities, especially cor
oners, have been enlisted in the national
safety program.
Thus, while experts on airframe
structure are piecing together fragments
OF wrecked airliner to learn whether
structural failure was at fault. the
human factors team" is examining the
bodies, or parts of bodies, of victims of
the crash. 1t was such an examination
that led to the conclusion that the Ma
tional Airlines disaster in North Caro-
lima last January was caused by a bomb
explosion. Medical Investigations some
times can reveal whether physical de-
tectS of aircrew personnel had a bearing
on an accident, whether burns occurred
before or after the crash (of value in
determining whether an in-fiight fire
or explosion preceded the crash) and
whether pattern of death or injury
indicated inadequate safety provisions.
The FAA says that these studies
have provided Invaluable information"
In a number of recent cases. Occasion
ally, however, the medical team has
been hampered by failure of local au-
thorities to await the official examina-
tions before removing bodies from the
scene and releasing them to relatives
These errors are less likely to occur,
however, as officials and the public come
to realize how important autopsies and
laboratory tests are to the cause of
public safety in the air.
Evening star., 1960-03-26
Ever Thus
Paul Prescott.

Annette Henriksen's letter
states: 1T seems very strange
that nothing serious and ef-
fective is done in this crime
ridden country, to put an end
to the atrocities a whip
ping post for the vicious juve-
niles would be the surest rem
edy to curb their wickedness. I"
Read the following and put
your mind at ease:
THE earth is degenerating
these days. Bribery and cor
ruption abound. Children no
longer mind their parents.
1t is evident that the end of
the world is fast approach
ing" From a Babylonian
clay tablet, $500 B.CO
r. r. Barondes.
Evening star., 1960-03-26
The Riders Pay Enough

The Public Utilities Commission has
shown a proper concern for Washing
tons transit riders in vetoing a number
of expense account items for which o.
Roy Chalk sought to have his customers
pay. Mr.. Chalk has perfect right for
example, to redecorate his Park avenue
Offices in New York City any time he
wants to. To impose part of the cost
of this renovation job on the people who
ride D. G. Transit buses and streetcars,
however, would be carrying Mr.. Chalk's
commendable cleanup propensities too
far
The redecoration and numerous
other disapproved items were revealed
as a result of an inquiry by Represent
ative Rogers of Texas, a member of the
House Interstate Commerce Committee,
who is seeking to divorce Mr.. Chalk's
sightseeing business from his regular
mass transportation operations. It was
disclosed that the P. U. c. had rejected
Chalk expense item for a $1,000 con-
tribution toward redecorating the New
York Offices of the Transportation Cor
poration of America, which has overall
control of the D. c. Transit System and
other of the Chalk enterprises The COM
mission also disallowed $37641 month
toward the corporations rent of the
Park avenue suite. Many other items,
ranging from $500 season ticket to the
Washington International Horse Show
to $50 Photographic portrait of Mr..
Chalk, have been disapproved.
There are undoubtedly certain good
WILL" public relations and other expenses
Evening star., 1960-03-26
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES E. TRACEWELL

Even in the snow, the old
mockingbird carries on.
From Vienna, Va. J. r.
writes:
II have a problem and l
hope you can help me solve
1t.
I'VE recently moved into
this area, and just before the
last big snow I put out a bird
feeder in a tree close to the
dining room window.
AFTER the snow stopped.
I noticed the little snow
birds were not taking to the
feeder so I started throwing
seed on the ground.
up until this time, we had
had a variety of birds. in
cluding two doves, but no
mockingbirds.
- SO
Il threw out some. apple
pieces. hoping to get one.
Il got one. all right.
But what a bully he is!
He has moved in and
taken over. He perches in
the tree and won't let an
other bird on the place. He
even chases the blue jays,
and I haven't even seen the
doves for two days.
Nov, I like mockingbirds.
but if 1 have a choice I'll take
the several different kinds we
had before he moved in.
"Is there anything I can
do to curb his aggressive
ways, or should l leave things
as they are, hoping his dis
position will changer"
Mostly such belligerent
Knockers calm down, in time,
but it may take some time.
Perhaps the gentle doves"
will come back and give Mr..
Mocker his flying papers.
Usually the doves are able
to handle him. or should we
say. wingle him?
Just how the dove got such
a reputation for gentleness is
unknown, unless the idea was
thought UP in connection
with the European white
dove.
Our turtle doves are not
gentle at all; they usually
can Outright mockingbirds,
and seldom give ground to
a jay.
The pestiferous mocker is
always a problem. He seems
to keep all the birds away
from food he does not want
and cannot eat.
Actually, the smaller spe-
cies fly in while he is flying
around. and manage to get
food after all.
1t is impossible for even
Evening star., 1960-03-26
Encourage or Discourage Sign Language?

In answer to the article,
Sign Language Now May
Be Written" I should like
to correct any misconcep-
tions which the public might
have received from that arti-
Gle regarding the language
Of signs and the basic Ian
guage aims of education Of
the deaf. To do this I would
like to quote statement on
the subject Of English for
the deaf taken from an arti-
Gle entitled The Prepara-
ton of Advanced Pupils for
College" by the late Prof.
Amos G. Draper, himself a
deaf man and a longtime
member of the Gallaudet COL
lege faculty.
Here. as must always be
said in referring to the edu-
cation Of the deaf, the first
and foremost requisite is
the ability to use and to
understand the English Ian
guage. It is the ladder upon
which the student must rise,
from the time when in his
first year he grapples with
algebraic problems, until as
a senior he traces the sub
tleties of Buffers Analogy.
Some students. not wanting
in other respects, have failed,
and with many success has
been incomplete, for the
lack Of this single ability .
But there is one practice
of which, it seems to me, too
little is made. I refer to the
use of connected language in
ordinary intercourse with ad-
vanced pupils. No doubt we
use speech, writing, or the
manual alphabet in the
school-room; they convey
the formal question and an
swer. But at other times we,
instructors as well as pupils,
are. I fear, apt to fall into
the easy abandon Of the sign
language; whereas we all
admit that speech, writing,
or dactylology can profltably
be made the habitual. GUS
tomary. and constant means
of intercourse with pupils.
IF instructors cultivate a
habit of addressing advanced
pupils in one of these ways,
will not the. pupils soon
respond2 Will they not in
time form the habit them
selves? Will they not come to
feel the fact that to fall back
upon sign language is to con-
feSs weakness? I think so, for
nothing teaches like an ex-
ample; and. the habit once
formed, their improvement
in idiomatic English will be
certain to follow, for it will
Evening star., 1960-03-26

proceed upon the axiom that
practice makes perfect.
Contrary cases, of ad-
vanced pupils who cannot
express even commonplaces
in good English, are all too
plentiful. We see young men
Of fine ability, advanced in
study, possessed of much in
formation. In the sign Ian
guage they can express a
wide range Of ideas with
clearness and cogency; but if
asked to Ginger spell. they
founder and mouth" and
wriggle; finally sinking back,
abashed. into the easy, fluent,
expressive, but Gin its effect
upon English) chaotic and
mischievous language of
signs.
rs it not true. and even
self-evident. that all such
would be greatly helped if
early led to form a habit of
(tlnger) spelling? And can
we lead them to that habit
more effectually than by set
ting them the example?"
The language of signs as a
medium of communication is
of vital Importance to the
social well-being and happi-
ness Of the deaf. 1t has also
been long recognized as a
true language in academic
circles. and more important
by those who depend on it,
namely, the deaf. The prac-
ticability. however, of reduc-
ing the sign language to a
written form is a moot ques-
ton. Teachers of the deaf,
however, will agree unani-
mously that II time is to be
spent on teaching a Ian
guage to deaf children it
obviously should be spent
upon English. the vernacular
of the people.
Edward L. Scouten,
Chairman, Preparatory De-
partment, Gallaudet Col
lege.
50 -
I was appalled, by The Star
article concerning the grant
to DR.. william c. Stockoe Of
Gallaudet College for the pur-
pose Of perfecting and teach
ing his new system of a sign
language for the deaf!
Sign language should be as
extinct as the dodo bird! 1t
is a thoroughly established
and proven fact that deaf
children can be taught speech
and lip-reading. and this has
been done successfully in
America since the establish
ment of the Clarke School in
Northampton. Mass. in 1867.
Oral schools for the deaf
Evening star., 1960-03-26

that are properly chargeable to D. C.
Transit as a public service company.
We agree with the P. U. c., however.
that there is a limit to the extra ex-
penses which the customers of the sys-
tenn should be expected to pay. To put
1t bluntly, the riders should not be taken
for ride in the expense account field.
Evening star., 1960-03-26

the most ardent bird watcher
to watch all the time. At
some moment he must leave
the window. and it seems
that this is the very time
the small birds fly to the
ground.
Even the worst mocker
bully cannot prevent this.
Actually, the mockingbird
is not as bad as he seems. He
simply is preparing himself
for spring, and the duties of
parenthood. He is teaching
himself. in other words, how
to fight for his territory.
Sometimes the placing of
another feeding station, this
one stocked with mocking-
bird foods. will solve the
problem.
1t is best to put this on
the other side of the house.
The best mocker food is the
seedless raisin.
In our own yard, we seem
to have solved this problem
by placing a few raisins on
the rail of the back porch
Though the feeding sta
tion is in plain sight, the
two mockingbirds that come
every day are not interested
in it in the least.
1t may be that a full stom-
ach sootheS them, as it does
man.
1t is always best for chill
dren to ask the old man for
a handout right after he has
completed a good meal. Since
the institution of the allow
ance, or stated sum for teen
ayers, there may not be as
much need for this finesse,
but in the old days. the ap-
proach at the proper time
was highly thought of.
Mockingbirds. on the other
wing. demand what they
need, either from nature, or
from humanity, a part of ma
ture, we suppose.
If you get a wintering
mocker to demand raisins,
the chances are that he NAV
notice we say may-let the
other birds alone.
At least. it is worth trylns.
Evening star., 1960-03-26
Birth and Taxes

II social security numbers
were assigned to each child
at birth and these numbers
were used in connection with
every child claimed as a de-
pendent. the taxpayer could
not claim dependents that do
not exist.
Those not paying their
share Of taxes thereby in
crease the rate required of
honest taxpayers. Why should
not everyone share the bur-
den?
Miriam L. KeFley.
Evening star., 1960-03-26

that already this year it has
reached an average annual
rate Of almost $500 billion.
the highest national eco
nomic peak in the world and
in all history" AS compared
with early 1859, the output
is 6 per cent higher. He added
that income in this first quar-
ter of 1860 is moving I'D,
along with output and con-
sumer purchasing power.
From the Business Advisory
Council of the Department
OF Commerce. MIR. Mueller
said, have come predictions
of a better year than 1859.
The outlook" the Secre-
tary continued, Il would sum
up in one short phrase: Not
a boom, but another record. +"
Defends Defense Program
Turning to the subject of
national defense and military
power. on which the Demo-
Gratis have centered much at
tention, seeking to prove that
this country has fallen far
behind Soviet Russia and the
Communist bloc, Mr.. Mueller
told his audience: "The
United States is the most
powerful nation on earth,
with the capacity at hand
today not only to survive a
sneak attack. but also to hit
back and destroy a suicide
bent aggressor. We hear talk
from some quarters that
President Eisenhower's ad-
ministration considers a bal
anced budget more important
than national security. Igno-
rance or infamy could make
no more unfair charge" Pres
tdent Eisenhower, he said, is
doing his utmost to build
peace. and, to forward this
great goal. an impregnable
defense for that peace. That
defense he described as many
pronged, with nuclear weap-
ons of great power. capable
Of delivery in various ways
from many places. The critics
of the Presidents defense
program, he said. center their
flre on one single segment
the intercontinental ballistic
missile. 1t should be under
stood by everyone, he COM
mented. that the Eisenhower
administration is rapidly
making up for previous neg
lect.
The Truman administra-
ton obligated $500, 900 for
the long-range ballistic mis-
sile programs in fiscal year
1852, Mr.. Mueller said, to
prove his point that the last
Democratic administration
had failed to do what was
needed. In fiscal 1860, he
said, the Eisenhower admin
istration had obligated S3.3
billion for ICBMs, and for
ICBMs alone, and for all
missile programs, about 81
billion. The administration
has proposed similar expend-
itures for the fiscal year
1861. The President, Mr..
Mueller declared. has given
this and other defense pro-
grams his full attention
the final decisions on pro-
grams resting in his hands.
The latest announced can
didate for the Democratic
presidential nomination, Sen
ator Stuart Symington of
Missouri, has been the ad-
ministration's harshest critic
on the national defense issue.
The administration is con-
centrating its fire on the
issue, however, and making
it more difficult, day by day,
for its Democratic opponents.
Evening star., 1960-03-26
Answers to Questions
BY THE HASKINS SERVICE

@. What is the normal
temperature of a cold -blooded
animals. S.
A. Cold-blooded animals.
such as fish and reptiles, take
on the temperature of their
surroundings. Unlike warm
blooded animals, they have
no means of regulating their
own body temperature.