davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-11-06

port for Conservative obJec-
tives :"
Frank p. Moncure Of Stat
ford Courthouse, a former
member of the Virginia
House OF Delegates from
Stafford and Prince William
Counties, is the Conserva-
tive Party's elector from the
9th Congressional District.
The 10th district elector is
H. p. Paden Of Arlington, q
building contractor.
At the Conservative Party's
headquarters. in Richmond
it was emphasized that the
Vice Presidential candidate.
Mr.. Silverman, is Of French
decent.
Mr.. Silverm ans great
grandfather was Jonce An
toyne deLudwig, who emf
grated here from the Alsace-
Lorraine section.
when he arrived in Amer
ica," Mr.. Coiner said. he
walked along a New York
street and. stopping in front
Of q pawn shop window, he
carefully copied q name from
that window and used that
name to gain his naturali-
cation papers and become o
citizen of the United States.
The patriarch's deathbed
demand Of his seven sons
was that they never change
their name from "Silverman."
Candidates of q fourth
party, Socialist Labor also
appear on the Virginia ballot.
They are Eric Hass for Presi-
dent, and Georgia Cozzini for
Vice President.
Evening star., 1960-11-06
Prince Williom
ONE QUESTION ONLY

Purpose: Would authorize
$4.05O, 900 in bonds to pay for
erection and equipment Of
schools and, where necessary,
acquisition of land, including
the following: A new high
school in the Manassas area;
another in the Occoquan
area; and elementary school
in the Occoquan area; addi-
tions to school buildings in
the Gainesville and Nokes-
vile areas; seven new ele-
mentary schools at Suitable
locations" and plans for two
new high schools.
Pro: Schools are essential
in fast growing area that
more than doubled popula-
ton in 10 years. The last
census placed total popula-
ton at so 900 and county con-
tinues to expand on the fringe
OF Washington Metropolitan
Area.
Cen: Would increase taxes.
Evening star., 1960-11-06

kAME-Ernest D. Wilt. Independent.
AGe-49.
HoME-4S37 North Twenty seventh
street, Arlington.
RUNNING FoR-Three- -yeor unex-
pired County Boord term Of the
lote Dovid L. krupsow.
TO BE ELECTED BY-Entire county.
VOTING MACHINE KEY-20-A.
BACKGROUND - Lifelong resident
Of Arlington; offended Stroyers
Busincss College, National Low
School and University Of Rich
mond; in business in Arlington
since 1910; president ond direc-
for of the Arlington Trust Co.;
president Of E. D. Wit. Inc. which
distributes ESQ products in North
eFn Virginia; Boptist.
POLITICAL cAREER-considers
himself o "Jeffcrsonion Demo-
erot," but twice voted for Presi-
dent Eisenhower ond hos con-
hibuted to Vice President Nixon's
compoisn fund; hos not been os-
socioted with ony Of the three
Ioeol Arlington political foetions;
received on interim appointment
to the County Boord last Jonuoy.
FAMlLY-Morried to the former
Hcrriet Linser; two ehildren.
Frederick, 10, and DOvid. l5.
Evening star., 1960-11-06

Two strawmen are offering
themselves as candidates for
President and Vice President
as a refuge for Virginia voters
who find the Democratic and
Republican tickets unpala-
table.
Appearing on the ballot
under the Conservative Party
label in a crusade for States
rights are the names Of c.
Benton Coiner, 48, a Staun-
ton auto parts dealer. and
Edward j. Silverman, AZ
year-old Blackstone news
paper advertising repre-
sentative.
Mr.. Coiner is listed as a
candidate for President; MIR.
Silverman. for Vice Presi-
dent.
In the unforeseen event they
should carry Virginia, their
electoral college votes are
pledged to be cast for Sem
ator Byrd, Democrat Of Vir-
ginia, for President, and for
Thomas j. Anderson. Nash
vile (Tenn.), editor Of a farm
magazine, for Vice President.
The Conservative Party's
sample ballot identifies Mr..
Coiner and Mr.. Silverman as
"Stand-in" candidates.
Their hope is that the re-
suits of Tuesdays election
will be so close that neither
of the major party candi-
dates will receive a majority.
thus throwing the contest
Evening star., 1960-11-06
Vote Curbs Lifted
For Virginia GI's

Virginians on active duty
in the armed forces can
vote in Tuesdays presi-
Dental election even though
they have not registered or
paid the State poll tax.
They must. however.
meet other requirements
that is. be at least 81 years
Of age and be legally
domiciled in the State one
year, the county or city for
six months and the precinct
for 80 days.
IF they have not reg
istered, it may be difficult
for them to prove this" one
election official said. But
If they can satisfy the local
judge and clerks, they will
be permitted to vote under
the War Voters Act Of
Virginia"
Evening star., 1960-11-06
Statewide
QUESTION NO. 1

Purpose: To assure the
right of Virginians on active
duty in the armed services
the right to vote without
payment Of the annual State
poll tax of $50.
At present, the Constitution
extends the poll tax exemp-
tions to Virginians on active
military duty "in time OF
war" The amendment would
eliminate this phrase.
Pro: Would remove all
doubt about exemption.
Con: Fear is expressed by
the Arlington Chapter OF the
Defenders of State Sover-
eighty and Individual Liber-
ties that the change would
give military personnel
rights not possessed by ci-
villains.
QUESTION NO. 2
Purpose: Would allow two
or more counties and cities
iointlv. to elect certain local
government officials.
At present. the Constitu-
ton requires each locality to
elect its own treasurer. COM
missioner Of revenue. clerk,
Commonwealth's a ttorney
and sheriff or city sergeant.
AS an economic measure and
for more efficiency in opera
ton. two or more localities
could-if voters approve in a
subsequent referendum-elect
any or all of these officials to
serve the affected communl-
ties. The plan is the result OF
a legislative study on con-
solidation of governmental
functions.
Pro: Has general support.
Con: Arlington defenders
also have voiced opposition
on the grounds that the
Evening star., 1960-11-06
Arlinstonions to Fill Two Seats on County Board

commercial and residential
coming.
A central theme of his
campaign has been two basic
charges against the non-par-
tisan coalition, Arlingtonians
for a Better County, which
has controlled the County
Board since 1858. He accuses
it of sending government
costs skyrocketing and of re-
sponsibility for a real estate
reassessment policy which he
says is unfair.
In reply, ch allenger
Thomas Richards declares
that DR.. Blevins voted for
every budget and tax in
crease which he recently has
criticized. He also empha-
sizes that DR.. Blevins voted
to establish the reassessment
policy he now condemns.
Mr.. Richards has asserted
that the incumbent has voted
for spot coming and incursion
of businesses and apartments
into residential areas. He
Evening star., 1960-11-06
Vote for Two:

The current Arlington
County Board campaign has
produced none of the fiery
vituperation or sensational
accusations of past county
politics.
The two opposing candi-
dates both have exhorted the
other to resolve the question
prematurely by quitting the
race before the election. They
also have filed the customary
charges of "irresponsibility."
and distortion"
DR.. Lucas Blevins, first
elected as q representative Of
a conservative coalition since
dissolved.
He has limited his CAM
paign to some Is appearances
during which he has prom
ised to try to avoid tax In
creases. restrain government
expenditures and strike a
balance between apartment
Evening star., 1960-11-06

NAME-Dr. Lueos n. Blevins. Demo-
crot incumbent.
AGE-47.
HoME-3240 North Abingdon
street, Arlington.
RUNNING FoR-Re- election 10
four-year term on Arlinston
County Boord.
TO BE ELECTED BY-Entire county.
VOTING MACHINE kEY-ls-A.
BACKGROUND-Born in Herndon,
Va; B.S. end DDS. Loylo Uni
versity; served os q novol officer
with Morine forces during World
War u fighting in Poetic; now o
commonder in Novol Reserve; ex-
eept for period Of wortime service.
hos procticed dentistry in Airing
ton since 1910; Methodist.
POLITICAL cAREER-Lo Longtime
Democrat; first elected to County
Boord in 1856 os o representative
Of the conservative eoolition. Ar
lineton independent Movement,
which wos formed Of both Repub-
icons ond Democrats and since
hos dissolved; now running os Q
Democrat.
FAMllY-Morried TO the former
Jeon Heneveld; four children. Mrs.
Beth Cuze. Henter lie, Keith
Stuart ond SchyreI Jeon.
Evening star., 1960-11-06

VIRGINIA

also attacks him for SEEM
ingly favoring construction
of "a Southside freeway
through the. Army Navy
Country Club. During more
than so campaign speeches,
Mr.. Richards has pledged to
preserve Arlington as a resi-
Dental suburb by restricting
population growth and in
tense development, to fight
spot zoning and to join in
creating a mass transit sys-
tenn for the Metropolitan
Area.
In the special election be-
ing conducted to fill the va
cancy created by the death
of David Krupsaw last Janu-
airy, independent Ernest D.
Wilt is unopposed.
Mr.. Wilt, who has received
the Endorsement OF all politi-
cal factions in the county.
has remained neutral In the.
fight between DR.. Blevias and
Mr.. Richards.
Evening star., 1960-11-06
FoIls Church

NOTE: Falls Church voting
machines have separate
voting keys for freehOlders
property Owners) and non
freehOIders (tenants). This
question must not only be
approved by a majority Of
voters, 1t must also be ap-
proved by a majority OF
freehOlders; hence differ
ent voting keys for each
category.
ONE QUESTION ONLY
Purpose: Would authorize
issuance of $1.2 million in
capital improvement bonds.
George Mason High School
would receive $750.000 for
enlargement; $4,000 would
be for renovation of Madison
Elementary School and
1925, 900 for street improve
mentS and storm drainage.
Pro: More space needed in
the 720-pupil capacity high
school where nearly 1000 are
enrolled. Elementary school
is badly in need of repairs.
Certain areas require storm
drainage and street repairs.
Con: Bonds would require
tax rise.
Evening star., 1960-11-06

NAME-Thomos W. Richards. MEM
Der Of ArIinstonions for o Better
County.
AGE-34.
HoME-2653 North Richmond street,
Arlington.
RUNNING FoR-Four -yeor term on
Arlington County Board.
TO Be ELECTED BY-Entire county.
VOTING MACHINE KEY-ls-B.
BAcKGRoUND-Born in cumber-
land, Nd; B.A. Dickinson College.
MA. University Ct MoTlond;
served in Navy 1914 le46; wos Q
hiqh school teacher in Prince
Georges County before becoming
on Intelligence onoIyst with the
Air Force for which he worked
until Lost year; currently on
onoIyst and project director with
the Broodview Research Corp;
unitorien.
POLITICAL cAREER-Beeome Q
Ieoder in the non -portison AbC
coolition shortly otter moving 10
Arlington in 1854; directed its
preeinet operations during tho
1859 eompoisn; seeking office fos
the first time.
FAlAlLT-Monied to the former
Ellen N. Peterson; two children.
Douglas, J, and Cynthia Anne. 4.
Evening star., 1960-11-06

Two amendments to the
State Constitution will be
offered all Virginia voters in
addition to local referendum
issues in some localities IN
Tuesdays election.
Here, in summary, are the
questions to be voted on:
Evening star., 1960-11-06
Virginia Referendo:
2 Are Statewide Questions,
a for Nearby Voters Only

non-controversial because
bonds would be self liquidat-
ing for same reason as in
Question No. !.
Evening star., 1960-11-06

change might be an "open-
ing wedge of metro govern
ment."
Evening star., 1960-11-06
QUESTION NO. Q

Purpose: Would authorize
$2.172,OOO in bonds to con-
struct additional pumping,
storage and distribution ia
cilities in the county water
supply system.
Pro and Con: Generally
Evening star., 1960-11-06
Arlington
QUESTION REFERENDUM

NO. /
Purpose: Would authorize
$675, 900 in bonds to enlarge,
improve and extend the sani-
tary sewer system.
Pro and Con: Generally
non-controversial because it
would be self-liquidating;
that is, paid for by sewer
users and not by taxpayers
generally.
Evening star., 1960-12-23

Perfume and Toilet W0tes-"Ths
Chompoens Frosrones." Aiso IN
Cologne Mist. Dvstins Powder.
eoth Oil ond other frosrones
accessories
Evening star., 1960-03-13

activity. The group meets
every other Monday after
school.
The Madrigal Singers Of
WashingtOn-Lee High School,
Arlington, Va, have been in
vited to appear at the an
nual convention of the Music
Educators National Confer
ence in Atlantic City. The
WI singers will present a
30-minute program at the
convention on March %.
-
The OxOn Hill majorettes
won the Drum Majorette's
Association Eastern Sea Coast
Championship Award In team
baton twirling.
Frances Colker has been
named winner Of the 1860
Betty Crocker Award for
Homemaking at Montgomery
Evening star., 1960-03-13
Talking ItOver-

Recent SHOWS have coused the closing Of mony oreo
schools some of them for several doy The lost time will
be odded onto the school yeor in June There hos been
some criticism of these shutdowns Whot do the students
Think TEEN osked five -oeers if they thought
schools were too hosty closing when snOwfos hit the
oreo Here ore their answers:
Evening star., 1960-03-13

Blair High. Silver Spring.
Md. Montgomery Blair re-
Gently inducted l6 new mem
berS into Masque and Gavel,
a national speech honor So
ciety. Margaret Eckstein, q
junior, was named winner Of
the schools American Le-
gion Oratorical Contest.
Margie Weaver, a senior. has
been named Basketball Player
of the Month" at Regina High
School in Hyattsville, Md.
Northwestern High School,
Hyattsville. Md, will hold its
annual science fair on March
rs and 81.
y
Suitland Md High School
is now accepting applications
from area bands who wish to
be registered with the school
in a band clearing house
arranRement.
Evening star., 1960-03-13

The Montgomery County
Region of the Maryland As
sociation of Student Councils
will meet at IL am. Wednes-
day at Richard Montgomery
High School, Rockville. Md.
The newly formed Region
was formerly the Inter-High
Council.
The United Synagogue
Youth Chapter Of the Mont
gOmery County Jewish Com
munity will sponsor a carni-
val from II am. to 4 pm.
today at the Jewish Commu-
nifty Center, 8402 Freyman
drive, Chevy Chase, Md. The
carnival is in observance of
the festival of Purim.
A morning assembly at
Wheaton Md High School
will be entertained Thursday
by the 40-voice a cappella
choir of West Virginia Wes-
leyan College. The choir IS
on a six-State concert tour.
Eighth graders at TakOma
Academy, Takoma, Md, will
visit Williamsburg, Va, on
Tuesday.
Donald Gordon, a senior,
and Carol Burchuk, a sopho-
more, of NorthwOOd High,
Silver Spring, Nd, have
been chosen to participate
in the Eastern Conference
Orchestra which will per-
form for the National Mu-
sic Educators Convention at
Atlantic City, N. j.. during
the week of March 18. East
ern Coast States will send a
total of ITS students to ts ke
part in the program.
TakOma Park Md Junior
High will present a variety
show, The Roaring 20S Re
view" at 8 pm. Thursday,
Friday and Saturday in the
school auditorium. Admis-
sion will be 81 for adults
and SO cents for students.
The Catholic Youth Or
ganizatiOn Teen Club Of
AYak;,,;k,, NA,,-nh x,ill eriuo q
Evening star., 1960-03-13

BETSY ALLEN, Is, a jun
iOr at Walter johnson High
Md 7 think schools
should close if the school
buses can't run. If it's too
dangerous for buses, it's too
dangerous to drive by auto
mobile. But I think if the
weather is just bad in some
parts, only the schools in
those areas should close"
Evening star., 1960-03-13
TEEN BRIEFS

St. Patrick's Day dance at
$3.50 pm. Friday at the
Nativity auditorium, 6008
Georgia avenue NV. Ad-
mission will be rs cents stag
and 81 drag, plus a CYO
card. Boys must wear a coat
and tie for the orchestra
dance.
The Montgomery Blair
High Key Club won three
first-place trophies at the
Capitol District Convention
recently in Williamsburg. Va.
The school service organ
ization won the talent
show, scrapbook contest and
the golden division of the
achievement report. The lat
ter was for 80 community
and school projects. The
Key Club also placed second
in the oratorical contest.
Next, the club will 60 to
the international convention
to be held in Boston, begin
ming July 6.
High Point High, Belts
vile, Md, will have a talent
contest and crown a king
and queen at the schools
annual Blue and Gold Night
at Z pm. Friday at the
school. Student organiZa-
tions also will present special
programs during the evening.
Admission will be rs cents.
Students in the home
economics department of
High Point High will model
clothing they have made dur
ing the school year at the
PTA meeting Tuesday.
The 22d annual All-Blad-
ensburg Night will be held
Friday at Bladensburg (Md.)
High School. The theme Of
the program will be "Bla-
densburg Rockets to Outer
Space" A king and queen
will be crowned ION the
moon"
An intramural bowling
league has been formed at
Hammond High, Alexandria,
Va. More than 130 students
have signed up for the new
Evening star., 1960-03-13

LINDA LANHAM, Is, an
eighth grader at Mount Raj
nier Md Junior High
schools should close when
road conditions warrant it.
I ride the school bus and the
roads were still icy even
when school reopened. If
school stayed open when the
buses weren't running it would
be unfair to the kids who're
trying to have a perfect at
tendance for the year to get
points toward getting their
school letter"
Evening star., 1960-03-13

The Catholic Youth Or
ganizatiOn Teen Club Of
Nativity Church will give q
Evening star., 1960-03-13

An intramural bowling
league has been formed at
Hammond High, Alexandria,
Va. More than 130 students
have signed up for the new
Evening star., 1960-03-13

Students in the home
economics department of
High Point High will model
clothing they have made dur
ing the school year at the
PTA meeting Tuesday.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-10-23
StIss6E@SssssIsl' .e--.;@ai III ssF''
Army Reunion Planned
For Next Week End

General John M. Redding
and Senator strom Thur
u1ond.
Mai. Gen. william L. Bar
riger heads the Reunion
Committee. Assisting him
are Col. James L. Ferguson,
Col. Bertram Kalisch, Col.
Charles Norman, Col. David
Page. 1t. Col. E. c. Davies,
1t. Col. William M. Moroney
and 1t. Col. John Umbarger.
HHH
Well liked 1t. Gen. and
Mrs. Clyde EddIeman are
soon to be on the Washing
ton scene again. They are
en- route here from Germany
and Gen. Eddleman will be-
come Army Vice Chief Of
Staff, and it Is safe to say
that they will be occupying
famed quarters 8 at Fort Nc
Nair before long.
The Army Chief Of Staf
and Mrs. George H. Decker
have invitations out for a
reception on Wednesday. No
vember 2, at the Oficer's
Club, Fort Lesley J. McNair.
The 6:30-to-8:30 party is
being given in honor of Gen.
and Mrs. Eddleman.
- -
For the first time a WAC
officer is national vice presi-
dent of the Reserve Officers
Association for Army. She
is 1t. Martha McCrary of
West Euclid. Ohio.
1t. McCrary came to town
Thursday to attend the an
nual meeting of the Army
Affairs Committee which was
held yesterday and Friday
at Fort Lesley ]. McNair.
At the annual dinner on
Friday UnderSecretary Of the
Army Hugh M. Milton III
was the honor guest and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-10-23
Christmas
Open HOUSE
Is Planned

To help Montgomery
County families build beau
tiful Christmas memories, the
County Homemakers Council
will hold a Christmas open
house on Thursday, Novem-
Der 3. from 10 am. to 3 pm.
in the Rockville Civic Center
Mansion.
H o m e m a kers' Clubs
throughout the county will
share their ideas for simple,
inexpensive gifts and decora-
lions. The displays and DEM
onstrations will be open to
the public without charge
from 10 am. to 3 pm.
Working with Mrs. Eldon
Seifert, crafts chairman, and
the Home Demonstration
Office are these extension
lie a erS: Mrs. Marlesse
Clarke. Mrs. Rachel Mears,
Mrs. Neva Woelk, Mrs. Kitty
Gingery. Mrs. Elizabeth Nc
Mahon and Mrs. w. K.
Teepe.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-10-23
SERVICE NOTES

From all parts Of the world
they'll come on Friday to be
here to spend the next day
with their wartime chief.
General of the Army Omar
N. Bradley.
The veteran officers will
gather at the Army and
Navy Club on Saturday to
celebrate the 18th reunion of
the famous 18th Army Group
(Eagle). Order Of the day
is golf in the afternoon at
Burning Tree and q dinner
IN the evening at the Army
Navy Club.
Special Assistant to- the,
President Gordon Gray is to
be the POSTMASTER. Others
invited include Assistant Sec
rotary Of State Andrew Berd-
ing and CHA Chief Allen
Dulles. g
Among those at dinner will
be former Undersecretary Of
the Army Karl Bendetsen.
Former Army Chief Signal
Officer 1t. Gen. James D.
O'Connell: James T. Quirk.
publisher Of TV Guide; for
mer Assistant Postmaster
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-10-23

two important football week
ends In the offing followed
this year by two exciting
dances.
The Navy Notre Dame
game is Saturday. and the
famed Army-Navy game No
vember 26. The Brigade
Cotillion comes after the
Army-Navy game and this
year marks the 18th such
annual dance.
For the first time there
will be a Navy informal
dance after the Navy-Notre
Dame game. Both dances
= will be held at the Sheraton
Hotel. Philadelphia.
Plans for these events were
spelled out and crystalized
yesterday when q contingent
from Annapolis met with the
Philadelphia Planning Com
mittee.
1t. Comdr. and Mrs. Allan
Davidson. 1t. Robert r. Rob-
ertson and Mrs. James @.
Marshall were there from
Annapolis.
They saw q rehearsal of
the figure for the Brigade
Cotillion in the Hall of Flags
at the Sheraton Hotel. This
intricate dance formation is
the highlight of the Cotil-
lion. Taking part will be the
entire Hostess Committee.
The first Navy hop Octo-
Der 20 will have Sylvan Her.
mans Orchestra for dancing.
Mrs. John Morton Wright
of Wynnewood, Pa, origina-
tor Of the Brigade Cotillion,
also formulated plans for the
Navy informal.
HoStesses for both events
will be the debutanteS and
students from the schools
and colleges surrounding
Philadelphia.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-10-23
SERVICE NEWS .e~s ''s@sAs.v. s.>s9isF~~ ses s}s
Argentine mcio|DueHere
Navy Secretary to Be Widely Feted

Coming with Admiral
Clement are Capt. Jorge A.
Bofn, Comdr. Juan Carlos
Furlong and 1t. Albert Julio
Compile.
The Director of Pan Ameri-
can Affairs and Mrs. Harold
M. Briggs have issued in
vitationS for a reception on
Tuesday November 8 in honor
Of the Argentine Secretary Of
the Navy. The Z to Q o'clock
party is to be given at the
officers Club, Fort Lesley j.
McNair.
The morning before the
party the visitors will 90 to
the David Taylor Model Basin
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-10-23

en- route to Annapolis where
they will lunch with the
Superintendent of the Naval
Academy, Rear Admiral John
F. Davidson.
A special assembly is called
for Wednesday November 9
at the headquarters of the
Inter American Defense
Board. After Admiral Glenn
ent has received the delegates
to the board. there will be a
luncheon in his honor with
the chairman Of the board.
1t. Gen. Lemuel Mathewson.
as host.
Late the. same afternoon
Admiral Clement himself will
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-10-23
By EVELYN M. DENT
Contributing Writer

The Secretary of the
Argentine Navy, Rear Admiral
CASTOR Carlos Clement, will
arrive in Washington the
morning of November 7 to
be the guest of Secretary of
the Navy William B. FRANKIE.
The visitor and his party
will be met at the Naval Air
Station by his host and full
honorS rendered in ship
shape" Navy fashion. That
evening Secretary and Mrs.
FRANKIE will give a dinner for
the visitors aboard the Secre-
tary's yatch Sequoia.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-10-23

speaker. At that time the
association awarded its Dis
tinguished Services Citation
to 1t. Col. Thomas F. Hooper
Of Alexandria for his out
standing role as chief of Re-
serve Forces Division of AS
sistant Secretary Of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-10-23

Army for Manpower and Re-
serve Forces" sag
1t. Gen. Paul L. Freeman,
deputy commanding general,
Continental Army Com
mand, was chairman. With
him was Maj. Gen. John
w. Bowen. e. M. D.