davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-05-25
Natures Violent Temper

Amid mans efforts to produce bigger
and more destructive explosions, the
world has been given a grim reminder
that nature itself can unleash cataclyS-
mic forces of violence when in the mood.
The Chilean crust of the earth Shud-
dered and the effects were felt far across
the Pacific Ocean. To the heavy death
toll from the original quake have been
added scores of deaths from a so-called
tidal" wave that raced across the sea
to Hawaii, Japan, the Philippines and
New Zealand. More than 1,1O0 known
deaths from all causes already have been
reported in Chile alone, with many
more expected when communications
from isolated villages are re-established.
Although popularity called tidal
waves, such ocean disturbances are more
properly termed seismic sea waves, since
tides have nothing to do with their de-
velopnent. They are the result of sub
terranean upheavalS, often of volcanic
origin. Perhaps the greatest seismic sea
wave in relatively modern times was that
which followed the explosion of Kraka-
toa, an island volcano in the Java Strait,
on August 27, 1888. When Krakatoa blew
its top, the island disappeared beneath
the sea and wave some so feet high
started out in all directions. An esti-
mated $4,000 natives perished in the
islands of the East Indies as the wave
struck close to home. Eventually the
wave, or actually series of them,
reached Cape Horn, 1900 miles away, and
was detected even in the English Chan
mel, 11,000 miles from Java. Incidentally,
dust from the explosion circled the globe
and caused red sunsets for several weeks
in all parts of the world.
In the case of the Chilean disaster
there was time in far-away places to
alert coastal communities of the i'm
pending wave danger. Thus, the toll Of
dead and injured in Hawaii was kept far
under what it might have been If no
warning had been given. Many of the
Hawaiian victims apparently refused to
heed the alarm. In Japan, however,
meteorological agencies failed to alert
the people, with the result that at least
100 Japanese were drowned and scores
more are missing. Apparently the fore
casters believed that the Japanese is
lands would escape a serious blow
although seismic sea waves in the past
have shown that they are no respecter of
islands or continents.
In addition to extending our SYM
pathy to the victims Of the quake and
wave, we are sending something more
tangible-in the form of Red Cross dis
aSter relief, military aid from our bases
in the Caribbean, in Hawaii and in Asia
and donations of blankets and clothing
from private agencies. When such dis
asterS strike, men are quick to forget
personal, national and international
troubles in their determination to help
the victims of common enemy-nature
on the rampage. And when nature goes
haywire, the whole world well may
tremble.
Evening star., 1960-05-25

follow the Communist line.
That Communist group will
take over when the White
House crowd arrives at its
secret hideout. Congress
should make sure the people
selected to be saved by
evacuation priority are not
Communist followers. other
wise the war will be lost
before we even start to fight.
George A. Birdsall.
Evening star., 1960-05-25
Draft Dewey?

1t is imperative that now,
due to the world situation,
we all should give most seri-
Gus consideration to who
should be our next President.
This is no time to vote ac-
cording to our emotions,
biases or personal prefer
ences. 1t is unlikely that
there are many men quail
fed for this difficult posi-
ton in the years ahead-per-
hapS one man only if we
could find him. or the can
didates or those who hope to
be candidates Senator Ken
nedy has given little evi-
dence that>he is Of presiden-
tial caliber and certainly he
lacks experience.
Vice President Nixon is
qualified by both ability and
experience. He has been well
tested but many think it will
be difficult to elect him.
Stevenson certainly would
make an excellent college
president but not the Ma
tion's leader.
There is one man not a
candidate and who may not
want such responsibility who
has the necessary experience
and ability in abundance. He
is Thomas E. Dewey. Let's
draft him for this emer-
gency. This is no time for
party or partisan politics. No
second rate man will do.
j, Blaine GWin
Evening star., 1960-05-25
Tuxpuyers' Revolt

AS has long been the Gus
tom in Arlington, the govern
ing boards recently set an
off beat date for a bond ref
erendum. There was some
thing for everyone in the bro
chure sent at taxpayer ex-
pense to all voters by the
chairmen of the two boards a
week before the election, in
cluding some wandering class
rooms for Drew School.
Not much opposition de-
veloped. The bonds would be
approved by the usual small
vote and we would be off on
another era of spending for
baby-sitting clasSrooms and
teacher emergencies. Even as
late as election night, oppon-
ents of the bond issues were
conceding defeat. They were
more surprised than the
school machine when the re-
suits were in. All nine issues
were defeated by substantial
margins.
Why did this happen? This
is a taxpayers revolt. They
gave the machine a mandate
to limit spending and put
county finances in order. But
the County Board was not
listening. Two nights later it
approved a substantial tax
increase and included funds
for kindergartens.
II the two boards would
put their ears to the ground
they would hear rumblings
Of a taxpayer revolt. A def
mite proposal has been made
to escrow tax money, which
could tie all county opera
tions, including baby-sitting,
into financial knots. There is
talk Of a taxpayers group to
be formed. Another group is
seriously considering a de-
mand that the members Of
both boards resign their
posts forthwith. 1t is quite
probable that Ralph Kaul,
by his vote for this tax in
crease, has forfeited any
chance he ever had of replac-
ing Congressman Broyhill.
Arlington's population has
m atured, something that
cannot yet be said for its
governing bodies.
Charles w. Carter.
Evening star., 1960-05-25
Spy in the Sky

Our newest traveller in Space-the
212-ton Midas-iS a test vehicle de-
signed, as its name implies, to pave
the way for a missile defense alarm
system. The great promise in it is that
when 1t is perfected, it will serve, along
with other fantastic Sky-Spy inStru-
mentS, as truly effective safeguard
against the menace of surprise attack.
If all goes according to plan, our
Air Force will put into orbit before the
end of the year the progenitor of
revolutionary family of reconnaissance
earth satellites. The project is known
as SamoS, and the hope is that by
1858 or 1864 it will be operating effec-
lively enough, with unbelievably pow
erful cameras and magical television
tranSmitters, to keep every area of the
globe under constant surveillance.
There appears to be no question
among our scientists that such system
OF all-seeing mechanical eyes in the
. high heavens will be reality in the
. relatively near future. Nor is there any
. doubt that the Russians, despite their
. bowling about our U2 spy plane" are
doing their best to get the Jump on us
. in this field. That is why Senate Ma
tority Leader Lyndon Johnson has urged
. that our country undertake "crash
program" to make sure that we do not
run poor second in the race.
. A crash program" Of course, may
not be what is needed in this instance,
but Senator Johnson nevertheless has
offered good advice in declaring that
every effort should be made to speed
up the success of Project Samos. AS he
has put it, 'We should spare no dollar,
no energy and no talent in order that
we might realize it at the earliest pos
Sible date" For just as soon as we do
realize it, as soon as reconnaissance
satellites are available to us, our coun-
try will find it possible to "look on any
part of the world from TV beam," and
that ability in turn-an ability to be
shared with the United Nations-will
.."bring Immediately into being the Presi-
dents open-skieS program"
:: At the, moment some American ex-
pertS feel that the administration has
made potentially grave mistake in
,suSpending U-2 flights over the USSR.
Such flights, in the opinion of these ex-
.pertS, are vital to our national security
to the extent that they serve as check
ON Soviet rocketry and the danger of
surprise attack. This may well be true,
but the fact remains that the develop
ment of reconnaissance satellites will
render aircraft like the U-2 obsolete,
and the Iron Curtain itself will have
lost most of its ability to hide anything.
: Accordingly, although Project Sa-
mos may not be in need of "crash pro-
gram" treatment, it surely calls for the
high-priority attention and action that
Mr.. Johnson has advocated. Anything
less than that, given the nature of our
I dangerous world, would be kind of
folly.
Evening star., 1960-05-25
On Saving Necks

There has been some de-
bate in Congress on civil
defense. Many of the big
Spenders who follow the
Communist line are terribly
economy-minded on civil de-
fense. There is one angle on
civil defense that neither the
pros nor the cons ever men
ton, and that angle is win
ming the war here at home
after the bomb attack. Con-
gress should prepare now for
a complete disruption of the
Federal Government, includ-
ing the civilian conscription
plans, and work stoppages
caused not only by Russian
bombs but also by Commu-
niSt-led labor unions.
Instead of making so much
effort to save everybody's
neck, including necks of ques-
tionable value, more effort
should be made on exter-
minating the Communists
both outside and inside our
country. The Kremlin will
not go to the trouble of
destroying the Government
in Washington until it is
prepared to set up its own
government in the United
States. Their phony govern
ment is probably already or
ganized and it undoubtedly
consists Of well-known Amer
lean citizens who persistently
Evening star., 1960-05-25
Puerto Ricon Thanks

Puerto Rico lies 1900 miles
away from New York and
1,100 miles from the nearest
point in the United States,
yet one of the best testimo-
mails of the cloSeneSS of this
Commonwealth to the Fed
eral Union is the increas-
ing understanding of it by
a large segment of the United
States press.
Nothing could evidence this
better than the splendid edi-
torial entitled Puerto Rico:
A Blunder?" in the March
20 issue of your newspaper.
I'd like you to know how
much your editorial support
and sympathy for the aims
of this Commonwealth is ap-
preciated here in Puerto Rico.
Luis MunOz Marin,
Governor, Commonwealth
Of Puerto Rico.
Evening star., 1960-05-25
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES E. TRACEWELL

seem to find all sorts Of
things to eat.
What do they manage to
find?
Il hope my two operations,
moving and sprinkling, will
help to keep our birds with
us. They are usual chores
that seem to give extra bene-
fits.
Sincerely, HIS"
The popular song from
"The Three-Penny Opera"
has 1t Mack the Knife" but
if our Dellwood place cor
respondent wants to make
1t Mack the Knight" that
is all right with us.
The initials "A.U." stand
for the American Union Of
pigeon fanciers. There are
two such associations, and by
the time the inquirer gets
done calling and writing
about a pigeon, he usually
wishes he hadn't begun.
1t is just too much
trouble. The point is, we be-
lieve, that pigeons of this
type usually need nothing
more than help, in the way
OF food and water, and some
times shelter for q brief
period.
If they are treated this
way, they find their own way
back home, since that is
what they are for.
4 4
Cutting the large raisins
into smaller pieces is some
times necessary, since this
type is large and sticky, and
often clogs the throats of
birds, especially greedy speci-
mems, which tend to cram
two or three into the bill at
one time.
The smaller seedless rais-
ins need no cutting, and are
the best for most birds.
AS for currants, they af-
ford a change of diet, and
are usually very acceptable
to birds that eat raisins, in
cluding the mockingbird,
cardinals, catbirds and star
lingS.
Our KenSington enthusiast
has a good idea.
1t is much the same with
bird baths. If they are not
kept full, they become sort
of mockeries. ga.
If properly filled every
day, and sometimes twice q
day, a birdbath is helpful
to all the species.
Moving the lawn stirs up
a great variety of insects,
tends to bring the smaller
worms to the surface, and
uproots close packed srubs
and eggs. p>e
Evening star., 1960-05-25
"BARNABY WOODS,


Dear Sir:
Il am wondering if I might
get the Templeton Jones
award for this idea:
"As have many of your
readers. I have been putting
out raisins for our kitchen
window mockingbird family.
Some time back I read a
suggestion of cutting the
raisins to present a more
eatable size-and, what do
you think-I decided to try
currants instead-with sue
cess!
"Our gratitude, MGR"
DELLWOOD PLACE.
Dear Sir:
"One cold day in March we
fed a hungry pigeon. Each
day thereafter he appeared
twice a day for a handout.
Then one day he brought his
girl friend along. She became
a regular boarder, too. We
named them Dennis and
Iodine.
"As time went on, an.
other pair came cruising by
at feeding time and they
stopped for a snack. You
guessed it-they come every
day now. We named this
pair Cora the Cobra and
Mack the Knight.
Cora is midnight blue
and has a small head ex-
actly like that of a snake.
She had bands on both legs.
After days of observation,
we managed to read the in
scription as the band re-
volved when she walked.
"It reads as follows: AU
So UBX IA.
"The. '58' appears to be the
date, as the figures are small
and slanting. We assume she
was banded in that year. We
have written to the Depart
ment of the Interior and
have learned that Cora is a
racing pigeon. We think this
is very interesting.
very truly yours, E.W.."
"KENSINGTON, Nd.
Dear Sir:
II am enthusiastic about
robins this year. OF course,
we have always had robins,
but they came late to us this
year, and somehow this
makes them all the more
welcome.
Il love to watch them on
the lawn, as they poke
around for food. I am doing
a good job of Sprinkling the
grass, too, not only to help
the lawn, but the robins, too.
II have noticed that right
after a moving, the robins
and other birds fly down and
Evening star., 1960-05-25
Culture in 'Hick Town

Harry L. Merrick, former
president of the Board of
Trade, is to be applauded for
his fortnight statement that
Washington citizens and par
ticularly the business COM
munity should erase the we'll
earned designation of "Hick
Town of the Cultural Arts"
in the United States.
Contrary to Mr.. Merrick'S
opinion, the American Art
League, Inc, seeking prize
money for its annual exhibi-
ton and financial support
for these activities, found
heads of banking institu-
tions, private industry, de:
partment stores, real estate
firms and newspapers all
willing to generously sup
port these activities with
thousands of dollars, provid-
ing the various groups con-
solidate for a united effort.
There are too many puny art
organizations, each clamor-
ing for money, which, in most
cases, is nothing but a char
ity hand-out.
The American Art League,
Inc. last year made a forth
right effort and invited rep
resentatives of the major art
organizations of this area to
a meeting in an attempt to
solve this problem. Everyone
turned out, but suspicion Of
the Art Leagues motives
fear of losing organizational
identity and just plain self
ishness were the sum total
of a very bitter two-hour
wrangle.
Until this provincial bar
rier is preached with vision
and leaders of these organ
izations abdicate their false
positions, propped upon the
quicksands of snobbery, jeal-
ousy and selflshness, nothing
can be done by the leading
citizens of Washington or the
business community for art
in Washington!
Francis c. Peters,
President, American
Art League, Inc.
Evening star., 1960-05-25
WSTAS IN SCIENCE
microscope Gets Atoms in Action
BY THOMAS R. HENRY


small amounts Of impurities
whose effects have been de-
termined.
One mother may give birth
to another mothers babies.
Semi successful expert
ments to this end we're re-
ported to American Associa-
ton for the Advancement
of Science by DR.. N. L. VAN
Denmark of the University Of
Illinois. ---
The technique promises to
be of far-reaching impor-
tance in improving the stock
of farm animals. AS for hu-
mans, of course, it's some
thing else again.
For some years it has been
possible to impregnate fe-
males with stored male
sperm. Methods have been
developed, it was explained,
by which this sperm can be
preserved and still remain
potent for as long as four
years in deep-freeze tenn
peratures. Thus one out
standing bull of a high milk
producing family Of cattle
can be made the father of
scores of calves by different
mothers-supposedly trans
mitting all the desirable
qualities in his own Inherit
ance.
But this is a one-Sided in
heritance. The best that
could be done was to select
the best COWS available.
Storage of female ova has
proved unsuccessful. Methods
have been evolved by which
the number of these animal
eggs" produced by one fe-
male can be enormously in
creased. They must be i'm
planted, however, by q
difficult surgical technique
which often does not work.
How It's Done
With the new technique,
DR.. VanDemark said, a fe-
male is first made sterile by
irradiation or other means.
Then, by surgery, a small
amount Of ovarian tissue
from another female with
highly desirable hereditary
characters, can be trans
planted into her.
She becomes fertile again,
but her germ plasm is that
of the other female. The
resulting offspring, after fer
tilization with stored male
sperm, will be the children of
the other. They will have
none of the hereditary
characters, perhaps unde-
sirable, of the mother who
actually gives them birth.
There still are possibilities,
it was explained, Of storing
female ovarian tissue for long
periods in deep freeze. Fer
tility of sterilized rats has
been restored in this way,
but there has been little sue
cess with farm animals. 1t
may, however, be Just o mat
ter of improving the tech
nlqueS. .-.
BY these means, DIR. VAN
Denmark said," the animal
geneticist may be able to
plan for mating several years
in advance"
Probably all right for
COWS, sheep and pigs who
have no choice in the mat
ter" was the consensus Of
biologists at the meeting.
But even the Russians
haven't probed into the dire
possibilities with women.
Evening star., 1960-05-25
Quaker View

We have received many
letters asking, But if every
one in the United States be-
came conscientious objectors,
where would we be?"
Conscientious objectors feel
that this idea indicates made
quate understanding of their
feeling about the whole prob
lem of world peace. First Of
all, we believe that a military
establishment is no real de-
fense and is a destructive
force in itself. 1t leads to a
vicious cycle Of ever more
expensive armaments and it
creates the possibility Of the
precipitation Of annihilative
nuclear warfare through mis-
takes or miscalculation. The
military establishment is also,
OF course, an essentially mega
tive approach to the problem
Of world tensions.
1t is our conviction that the
only real defense is to have
no more war. This can only
be assured through greatly
increased emphasis on
settling our international
disputes through negotiation
and the solution of economic
and social problems that lead
to war. AS we stated in our
letter, "Our faith is in Secu-
rity through love, protection
through good will. True love
for our country does not
mean a hatred of others. It
is our conviction that only
the application of principles
OF peace, love, justice, liberty
and international good will
will make for the highest
welfare of our country; and
the highest welfare of our
country must harmonic with
the highest welfare of hu-
manity everywhere"
We have confidence that
nonViolence (the power of
love rather than hatred is
not only right, but effective.
The Quakers in Pennsylvania
refused to take up arms and
fight against the Indians and
consequently, Pennsylvania
was the only colony that did
not suffer vicious attacks and
war with the Indians. More
recently, under the leader
ship of Mahatma Gandhi,
India gained its independence
through nonviolence. They
were willing to accept, but
not inf1ict suffering. The re-
suit was that India gained its
independence, not with Bit
terness and i'll feeling between
the Indians and the British,
but with mutual good will.
We believe that these same
principles Of love and good
VIII must also be applied to-
day in order to achieve peace.
William r. Martin,
Chairman, Washington
Young Friends.
Evening star., 1960-05-25

The first microscope" by
which it is possible actual
ly to watch atoms in motion
has been developed under a
United States Air Force Of
fee Of Scientific Research
and Development contract.
The most powerful opti-
cal instrument, upon which
much improvement is ex-
tremely, improbable, is more
than 1000 times too crude
for any such accomplish
ment. The relatively new elec-
tronic microscopes are at least
ten times better, but still fall
far short.
The new so-called field
emission microscope" has a
resolving power in terms
of atomic dimensions -
that is, angstrom units
used in describing wave
lengths Of light. There are
approximately 2,500,0 900, 900
angstrom units in an inch.
"It makes possible" says an
Air Force description, both
visual and Photographic
studies of atomic arrange
ment and motions of atoms
on surfaces" Some pictures
of tungsten atoms are de-
scribed as remarkable exam
pies of the possibilities.
Instrument Long Needed
The new instrument fills a
long-felt need, it is stressed.
in essential Air Force research
on the nature and strength
of various solids and what
happens to them under re-
markable stresses of heat,
cold and atmospheric density.
1t is naturally impossible to
look inside a chunk of iron,
for example. 1t must be crack
ed open.
Chemists, however, gen.
orally have believed for a long
time that a fair picture
could be obtained by atomic
conditions on the surface of
such a chunk. Tools to
examine such surfaces have
been sought with Indifferent
success. Various X-ray de-
fraction and gas absorption
techniques have yielded con-
siderable information, but
for the most part this has
been speculative. If certain
things happened such and
such conditions must obtain,
the chemists have reasoned.
With the new microscope"
little further speculation will
be necessary. The scientists
can see what happens with
their own eyes.
The investigations concern
the nature of imperfections
in solids of all sorts. Solids
of special interest in the Air
Force researches are metals,
ceremic materials and semi
conductors. The kind of i'm
perfectionS being investi-
gated include such things as
ultramicroscopic "holes" in
atomic structure, presence of
foreign atoms which may
have gotten into the mole
culeS, and dislocations of
atoms.
At the same time with the
microscope development, ac-
cording to an Air Force de-
scription, new techniques
have been developed to de-
termine effects of such i'm
perfectionS. Ultrapure metals,
rare in nature, have been
shown to have some remark
able properties. Iron, for ex-
ample, becomes much more
ductile at low temperatures.
1t also will be possible to add
Evening star., 1960-05-25
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry DriterS' correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject to con-
denSdtion.
Evening star., 1960-05-25
TimberI

To someone like myself,
who goes to and from school
each day along North Capitol
street, it seems downright de-
structive to cut down all the
trees that border it. 1 pro-
test the cutting of those his
toric and beautiful trees that
at least hide the filthy area
behind them.
E. j. M0lesky, Jf.
Evening star., 1960-04-22
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