davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-09-10
Pre-WorId War IN History Repeats

worth while to make deals
ana concessions. But it Is
sheer nonsense that the goal
of q lasting peace could be
obtained by close alliance
with backward and savage
countries in which q country
such as the Congo or Guinea
is put on the same level in
the u. N. setup as America,
Britain and France. Yet this
is exactly what is happening.
No wonder that Khrush-
chev is licking his chops In
the expectation that in the
next year he will have made
the u. N. into his handy tool.
The Communist conspiracy
has spread before our help
less eyes from Eastern Europe
and the Far East to Western
Africa and to our doorstep
in the Caribbean.
Peace at any price and with
honor has mesmerized US.
We have accepted insults and
arbitrary actions by two-by-
four dictators such as the
Castro kids in a truly Chris
tian spirit, refusing to realize
that these men had been
the puppets Of the Red con-
spiracy for some time. We
have acted similarly in West
Africa. Men such as Sekou
Toure. the president Of
Guinea, and Patrice Luz
mumba. premier of the Con-
go, were received in Wash
ington with honors due to
men such as Gen. Charles de
Gaulle or Harold Macmillan
in the hope that they would
condescend to remain out Of
the Red orbit. We ignored the
fact that they had been in
the Communist camp for
years before they had be-
come international figures"
We are now rapidly be-
coming surrounded. Each Of
the Kremlin's tools has a
knife ready to point at our
throat. Hitler struck when
he became certain that the
pusillanimous European de-
mocracies would retaliate
only weakly. The Kremlin
is preparing to strike when
we are surrounded and give
the rest of the world the i'm
preston that we won't fight
except under an active mill
tary provocation.
Evening star., 1960-09-10
Grand Trunk
Strike Ends

DETROIT, Sept. 10 (AP).-
A nine day Grand Trunk
Western Railroad strike, which
crippled two auto plants and
forced many commuters to find
new ways Of getting to work,
ended last night shortly after
a Federal mediator entered the
dispute.
Railroad spokesmen said they
hoped to restore some freight
service by tomorrow night and
resume regular service to 1900
commuters by Monday morn
ing.
This however, is dependent
upon our recalling crews and
getting the tracks checked as
a safety measure" said Francis
A. Gaffney. vice president and
general manager.
The settlement was reached
Dy negoClaCorS soon after Lev
erett Edwards. a member Of the
National Mediation Board, en-
tered the negotiations.
The strike by the Brother
hood of Railroad Trainmen
idled 6,400 railroad employees
and was the first serious tie-up
to hit Grand Trunk in more
than 40 years.
The work stoppage, which
began September l, crippled
production and forced the
temporary layoff of 1900 en-
ployes in General Motors two
Chevrolet engine plants at
Flint, Mich.
Evening star., 1960-09-10
Poison in Springs of National Life

countries, Protestant church.
es and missionaries are OBJ
structed and sometimes per-
secuted. They object, too. to
the effort Of some Of the
Roman clergy and lay leaders
in this country. who seek to
break down the First Amend
ment's separation Of church
and state in order to obtain
Federal aid for parochial
schools. These are affronts to
the fundamental decisions in
the establishment of our Con-
stitution and the concept Of
religious freedom. They are
wrong and shortsighted, as
the hierarchy itself is learn
ing.
But what does this have to
do with Jack Kennedy? 1t is
not relevant to him. He re-
peatedly has pledged to re-
ject pressures from what
ever source which would in
terfere directly or indirectly
with his conduct of the presi-
dency."
The Catholic Church Is
concerned with the growth of
secularism and anti-clerical-
ism in Latin countries. It,
too, is confronted with the ef-
feet of world changes. A
young American Catholic in
the White House might we'll
be the catalyst which would,
in time. produce reforms.
But let us be honest and
know that Sen. Kennedy the
candidate and communicate
stands outside all this.
We cannot afford to allow
our national health to be in
fected with irrelevant, false
and inflammatory prejudice.
Evening star., 1960-09-10
New Haven Asks
Rail Workers for
1929 Wage Loan

NEW YORK, Sept. 10 (AP).
Two union leaders said last
night the New Haven Railroad
has proposed that all its en-
ployes-from the President on
down-lend it 10 per cent of
their salaries for the next six
months.
George Cahill. general chair
man Of the New Haven lodges
of the Brotherhood of Railway
Trainmen, and Robert D. Far
quharson. chief of the rail-
roads Brotherhood Of Rail-
way Clerks. said the company
wants to use the money-an
estimated $150.O00 a week-to
help pay its bills. The New
Haven has said it is losing 81
million a month.
George Alpert. New Haven
president, and other top rail-
road officials met Thursday
with chiefs of the 90 unions
which represent New Haven
employees. Mr.. Alpert was un-
available for comment on the
proposals. Mr.. Cahill said the
proposal shocked the labor
leaders.
1--WE fatty refuse" he said.
I'VE don't underwrite strike in
surance."
The Brotherhood of Railroad
Trainmen filed a $40 million
damage suit Thursday in Unit
ed States District Court against
the Long Island Railroad and
other members of the Associa-
tion of American Railroads to
test the strike insurance main
tained by the railroads.
Evening star., 1960-09-10
Homecoming Set
At Aquio Church

The annual homecoming Of
Aqua Church, Stafford County.
Va. will be held at II am. to-
morrow.
The Aqua Church, one of the
Colonial Episcopal Churches in
Virginia, is on Route between
Quantico and Fredericksburg.
During Homecoming, descend
ants of early Virginia families
originally affiliated with the
church. return for Sunday serv-
ices and luncheon.
The service will be conducted
by the Rev. Roland Moncure,
rector of the Church of the
Epiphany. Leaksville, N. c., and
a descendent of the Rev. John
Moncure. the first minister Of
the Aqua Church.
Evening star., 1960-09-10
RALPH McGILL

It is not good for the health
Of America for an anti-Cath-
olic campaign to grow. Men
of honest doubts will think
and reach honest decisions.
for or against. But 1t will
not do for the springs of our
national life to be poisoned.
Thoughtful persons. of what
ever political affiliation. know
that.
If l were young Jack Ken
nedy I would consider going
to the people. I would begin,
Some Of you are troubled
about my being a Roman
Catholic"
/ would follow, / think, by
saying there was reported to
be anti-Catholic activity in
Gastonia. N. C. And then,
without indicating how ironic
this TACT is, tell them about
the man for whom the town
was named.
Gastonia, N. C.. is named
for DR.. William CASTOR. His
father settled in New Bern
in 1765. coming there from
England. There. in ITS, he
married Margaret Sharpe. an
English woman of Roman
Catholic parents. In 1871
DR.. CASTOR, an ardent Whig,
was murdered by political
rowdies in the presence Of
his wife and two small chill
dren. Young William, en-
bracing his mothers faith
at an early age, became one
of North Cardinals outstand-
ing citizens. He was in the
legislature, in the Congress,
Evening star., 1960-09-10
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

Gambling odds changed the Nixon-Ke TV
debates They II to the Loretta Young show
Nixons aides believe there two sides to the farm
problem How to increase the income of farmers speed
the outgo Of Agriculture Secretary Benson.
Ballad of Jack Kennedy's Frontier: ooh, Susanna
don't you cry for got two legs to on while
Nixon lacks knee"
..
Ike golfs with Champ Arnold Palmer Ike believes in
ing to the roots Of this campaign If he has to
every fairway in the Nation.
Hurricane ashes Florida Republicans have start
whispering campaign that of the Kennedy
sisters.
Theme song Of the two code clerk defectors 1.-THE
object of detection has changed complexion from
white to rosy Red"
The big question in world politics isn't how
get Russas aft experts of the Congo but how
get her bodybuilding techncians out of Rome.
Evening star., 1960-09-10

year In interest charges be-
tween now and their normal
maturity dates.
This fact prompted several
Democrats to take the House
floor before adjournment and
voice advance criticism Of the
refunding. Representative By
ron L. johnson of Colorado
called the plan robbery in
broad daylight. Representa-
tive Reuss of Wisconsin termed
it "a raid on the Treasury the
like of which has never been
seen before"
In its question-and-answer
release, the Treasury argued
against the contention that the
refunding will increase the cost
of carrying the national debt.
Higher Cost for Cash Sale
II the Treasury were to sell
the same amount of compa-
rable long term bonds for cash,
it would have to pay a rate
much higher than 31a per cent,
it said.
Undersecretary Julian Baird
suggested to newsmen that the
rate the Treasury would have
to pay in a cash sale Of bonds
would be at least ~ per cent.
The department document
also put forth claims that the
refunding will lessen imitation
ary presSures and ease the i'm
pact on the economy by the
Treasury's financing opera
tionS.
Because the wartime bonds
represent long term funds in
vested years ago, it said the
refunding avoids the absorp-
ton of new Iong-term funds
in cash offerings and conse-
quently does not interfere with
the flow Of new savings into
the private sector of the
economy"
Evening star., 1960-09-10
Outdoor Events
Tomorrow Listed

National Capital Parks will
sponsor a full schedule of out
door activities tomorrow.
There will be guided walks at
$3.50 am. at the Kenilworth
Aquatic Gardens, Douglas street
near Kenilworth avenue, NE.
Naturalist walks on Roosevelt
Island will be held at 2 pm.
The island may be reached by
taking a ferry which operates
from the foot of Wisconsin ave-
nue. in Georgetown. There will
be a campfire and walk from
Z to 9 pm. on the island.
The C & o Canal barge, oper-
ated by Government Services,
Inc. leaves at 2 pm. from
Thomas Jefferson p a C e ,
Georgetown. For further in
formation call FE. 7-8080.
There will be a tour of the
Great Falls (Md.) area of the
C & o Canal starting from the
museum at 2:30 pm.
Evening star., 1960-09-10

analysis of calculated statistical
measures.
For these purposes, he must
use electronic computers.
Electronic computeIs today
are at the heart OF methods for
deciphering and DECIDING in
tercepted cryptographic mes
sages. The major function OF
NSA, with its complex Of over
seas listening posts, is to tune
in on the cryptographic mes
sages transmitted by Russian
and other Communist stations.
The precise procedure used
by NSA in setting up compu-
ters for code cracking. together
with the methods Of interpret
ing the computer's answers,
must be of important value to
the Russians.
Evening star., 1960-09-10

headquarters of NSA in Fort
Meade, Md.
Two congressional groups are
going to look into the detection
of the code clerks. A special
Armed Services subcommittee
investigating the activities Of
intelligence agencies will open
hearings next Thursday. Wit
nesses will include Maurice H.
Klein, NSA's director Of per-
sonnel, and Gen. c. P. Cabell
deputy director of the Central
Intelligence Agency. The
House Committee on Un-Amer-
ican Activities plans to open
another hearing next Friday.
Favors Shooting Them
The question of the defectors
came up last night when for
mer President Truman talked
with newsmen on mis- arrival in
New York. Mr.. Truman said
"I think they're a couple Of
traitors and If we had them
back here they ought to be shot.
These birds didn't know any,
thing about the security of the
country"
There appears to be no belief
that Mitchell and Martin took
with them to Russia any vital
policy or military plans.
The Defense Department, in
one of its few and reluctant
discussions of the case, said
earlier this week that they had
no access to classified infor-
nation about American weap-
ons or defense plans" And
the Pentagon statement also
sought to dismiss this point
with the comment that "the
two men we're both junior
mathematicians of GS-11 grade,
employed in limited areas of
communications statistical work
at the National Security Ag-
ency."
However, a study Of the
qualifications needed by a GS-
II (for general schedule,
grade 11"C Mathematician is in
tereSting.
Must Use COmputers
He must have mastered "ad-
vanced statistical analysis re-
quiring a thorough appraisal OF
sources of data; skill, judgment
and resourcefulness in the Sc
lection and use Of statistical
methods" and possess "a
marked ability in the prepara-
ton of statistical reports en-
bodying the Interpretation and
Evening star., 1960-09-10

est railroad, has strike insur-
ance that repeatedly pays it
100000 daily. 1t has declined
comment on these reports. 1t
said before the strike that the
strike insurance would cover
only its daily set expenses such
as taxes. managerial salaries,
etc.
Strikers get no unemploy-
ment benefits for two weeks
after the start Of their walkout.
The main issues In the strike
have been job security. tighter
work rules and the unions in
sistence that the PRR stop con-
tracing out repair and main
tenance work that can be done
in PRR shops.
Evening star., 1960-09-10

The American political
and military men who sub
scribe to the theory that his
tory repeats itself are noting
the parallels between the
present world conditions and
those which existed in Eu-
rope and China between 1888
and the outbreak of World
War II in September 1889.
Then as now the democ-
racies were thinking wish
fully about the totalitarian
states. The wishful thinking
statesmen regarded Hitler's
actions in Russia and Czech
oslovakia, whose freedom he
snuffed out in one quick
swoop, as well as his arro-
CANT disregard for treaties
and agreements as m ere
convulsion. The remedy they
prescribed was concessions,
smiles and belief in his
crooked words.
Mussolini'S actions in
Ethiopia had to be con-
doned, Paris and London
said, because the fate of the
Ethiopians was certainly not
worth a conflict which might
set the whole of Europe
ablaZe.
The intervention Of the
Germans, Italians and Rus
slams in the Spanish civil
war was regarded as incon-
sequential and nobody real
lied that the Spanish terri
tory and its people had be-
come the laboratory of war
and the Spaniards them
selves guinea pigs.
The only principal differ
ence between those days and
the present is that while in
the late '30s the crisis was
regional. now 1t has become
world wide. Moreover, while
the Hitler r-Mussolini combine
never thought of involving
the United States in its plans
for conquest or domination,
today we are in the first line
If not the only target of the
Russian-C Chinese aggression.
The Kremlin has also had
much more time than Hitler
to prepare its plans for world
conquest. Having pretended
Evening star., 1960-09-10
Macarthur Recalls
Boost He Gave Pershinq

secretary turned to me and
asked, whom do you think the
Army would choose, major?'
And my answer was this-I
cannot, of course, speak for the
army, but my own choice
would be without question Gen.
Pershing.'
THE president looked at me
long and hard and then said
quietly, it would be a good
choice.
Evening star., 1960-09-10
WishfuI- Thinking Demoeroeies Found
Aquin BuIIied to Point of Ne0r-Attock
CONSTANTINE BROWN

to be our allies during World
War II, the Reds assured
their first line Of defense by
the annexation of the Eastern
European countries with our
reluctant consent. We who
had fought. bled and accumu-
lated a national debt unprec-
edented in history to defeat
totalitarianism closed our
eyes to the even worse tactics
of the men in the Kremlin.
And when the Soviet Union
broke out its piratical flag
and showed that its real OBJ
jective was the United States,
the country was brain-rinsed
and told that Russia's power
was such that it might be
suicide to attempt to stop 1t.
Intellectuals, scientists and
politicians joined in the cho-
rus that under the present
conditions with rocketry and
missiles we would not have
the proverbial Chinaman's
chance to survive. This was
and still is being said, despite
the considered advice of COM
petent but voiceless military
men that Russia was putting
up one of the most colossal
bluffs in history.
Because of the policy of
peace at any price advocated
and put into effect by the
various administrations since
the end of the war we have
been placing our main re-
lance on the United Nations
which, in fact, is no more
effective than the defunct
League of Nations. The
world organization is now
speedily becoming a tool in
the hands of the Communist
conspiracy by the addition Of
a large number of nearly
savage African countries.
We refuse to accept the
truism that associations be-
tween nations with the same
background and more or less
the same degree Of civiliza-
ton and aspirations for peace
and progress are not only pos
sible but also highly de-
sirable. In order to achieve
this objective. 1t is well
Evening star., 1960-09-10

answer explanation of the plan.
The explanation dealt at
length, if only by implication,
with highway robbery" charges
voiced recently by several House
Democrats.
In addition, the Treasury
announced plans for top debt
management officials to visit
the major financial centers-
New York, Chicago and San
Francisco-next Wednesday to
explain the operation to invest
ors and answer questions from
newsmen.
To Issue white Paper"
Furthermore, a printed
white paper" has been pre-
pared to explain and defend
the advance refunding idea.
This will be made public to-
morrow.
The major aim OF the bond
swap-the first of its kinds
to postpone for several dec
ades the refinancing in the
open market of $28 billion Of
wartime bonds which normally
would come due between 1867
and 1872.
These bonds all carry 212
per cent interest coupons. The
new ones which the Treasury
will issue will pay 3ia per cent.
All the war issues won't be
swapped at this time. The
Treasury is limiting the cur
rent exchange offer to three
bonds which total $12.4 bill
lion and mature between 1867
and 1869. Also, it will accept
no more than $6.6 billion of
these in exchange for the new
bonds, which won't come due
until 1880 at the earliest and
1898 at the latest.
$50 Million in Interest
If $5 billion Of old bonds are
exchanged, the Treasury will
pay an extra $50 million q
Evening star., 1960-09-10
Crown Prince to Visit

OSLO, Norway, Sept. 10
(AP).-Crown Prince Harald
will visit the United States this
month. He will fly to Washing
ton September % and attend
the 50th. anniversary Of the
American Scandinavian Foun-
dation in New York September
%,
Evening star., 1960-09-10

impasse last night, saying,
Were in dead center. We're
not progressing or moving
back. We've just stalled"
Mr.. O'Neill's appraisal came
as the Transport Workers
Union and the System Fedora
ton awaited a reply from the
PRR on their latest proposals.
terms of which have not been
disclosed.
The PRR received the un-
ion proposals late yesterday.
Jobless Increase
The number Of those idled
by the strike continued to
rise. Some $4,000 Of those are
PRR employees, $4,000 in the
TWU and 5000 in the System
Federation.
In addition, about $500 soft
coal miners have been idled for
lack of facilities to transport
their product. Chrysler Corp.
shut down its automobile as
sembly plant at Newark. Del,
for the same reason late yes
terday, idling another 1000. 1t
previously had furloughed 200
at its Twinsburg (Ohio) in
stallation.
Coal docks at SanduSky,
Ohio, earlier reported the lay
off Of 180 persons. The Sea-
board Air Line in Virginia an
nounced it was laying of 500,
the Richmond, Fredericksburg
& Potomac Railroad was laying
off 800. At Union Station in
Washington $50 have been laid
of and IS more will get notices
over the week end.
Maryland Hard Hit
In Maryland, some 5000 rail-
road workers were furloughed
and the esafood industry. with
its highly perishable commodi-
ties. expressed concern over q
lengthy strike. The PRR han
dies about so per cent of the
shipping for the industry.
In North Carolina, some $50
were laid of at the Seaboard
terminal.
Most Of those laid of in the
railroad industry were depend
ent for their jobs either on
serving PRR equipment or
handling Of relays from the
PRR.
There was no estimate from
any one agency of the financial
losses involved. The PRR has
said the strike cut its gross
income 50 million daily. Its
weekly payroll is $S,9l0,000.
The idled coal miners wages
are about a million dollars a
week.
Loss Not Estimated
The loss in wages, profits and
added shipping costs to other
industries was not estimated.
The PRR, the Nations larg-
Evening star., 1960-09-10
Defectors Seen Aiding
Reds in Code-Crocking
BY the Associated Press

Russia may expected the highly specialized know-
edge of the National Security Agency men for help
in code cracking techniques.
This appears probable the basis of the work done by
Bernon Mitchell and William H. Martin at the top-secret
Evening star., 1960-09-10
Pennsy Strike Talk
Seen on Dead Center

PHILADELPHIA, Sept. 10 AP)I-Pennsyvana Railroad
negotiaors worked today reply to proposals of two
unions Federal mediators and $4,000 unemployed
hoped that the mpasse in the To-day strike
might be broken.
Federal Mediator oNeill jr acknowledged
Evening star., 1960-09-10
Treasury Defends Plan
For Higher Bond Rate
By the Associated Press

Treasury is going out of its to counter Demo-
cratic criticism proposal to offer higher interest rates to
people who to certain World War bonds for
new issues.
department, In announcing the mutbillon- dollar
operation yesterday detailed question
Evening star., 1960-09-10
BUSES TOO BUSY
FOR MEETING ON
BOOSTING SALES

For months. East Coast
members of the National
railways bus system had
planned to hold their an
nual sales convention in
Atlantic City September
1914.
Yesterday the conven-
ton was postponed-be-
cause of the Pennsylvania
Railroad strike.
The bus companies ex-
planned they are too
swamped with business to
hold a meeting on how to
increase business.
Evening star., 1960-09-10
$50 Million in Interest

If $5 billion Of old bonds are
exchanged. the Treasury will
pay an extra $50 million q
Evening star., 1960-09-10

The loss in wages, profits and
added shipping costs to other
industries was not estimated.
The PRR, the Nations larg-
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-12-09

industry are helping landowners and
agencies meet this problem by organ
izing and adhering to standards.
Some forest areas and the few
regular Christmas tree farms are man.
aged strictly for the small trees they
will grow. On other areas, the har-
vest of Christmas trees is used to
improve future stands of saw timber
Christmas trees have become big
business since the German troops
from Hess introduced the idea to
America. 1t is big enough business
that the U. S. Department of Agri-
culture and the Forest Service have
printed several pamphlets on growing
and harvesting Christmas trees.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-12-09
German Mercenuries Gave
Start To Montana Business

Hundreds of Montanans have taken
to the woods in the last few days, all
because of some German troops from
the provinces of Hess.
1t all started nearly 200 years ago
when the British hired some profess
sional German soldiers to fight
against the American Colonies dur
ing the Revolution. The Germans
started a practice which has helped
create a growing business in western
Montana-and which brings warmth
and pleasure to almost every Ameri-
can home.
The colonists decided they liked
the German practice of bringing small
fir trees inside and decorating them
at Christmas time-a practice which
was started hundreds of years earlier
by the Druids in western Europe.
The idea soon spread through the
colonies and, by 1910, to London and
Paris. By 1927 the demand for Christ
mas trees was widespread and Mon
tana cut and shipped a few thousand
Douglas fir trees.
Each fall since then the demand
for Montana-grown Christmas trees
has increased. Carloads of them have
been shipped to the east and west
coasts and to Hawaii and Cuba; but
most of the three to four million trees
cut each fall in the Treasure State
end up in living rooms in the Midwest.
Montana now supplies about one
half of the nations Douglas fir Christ
mas trees. One authority has esti-
mated that about one-fifth of the