davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-06-24

South Africa ever refers to
him without his title, despite
the governments action has
been deeply Influenced by
Gandhi and is regarded by
many Africans as being too
moderate. He will not counten-
ance anything which smacks of
violence and hopes through
passive resistance and moral
pressure to bring about a
change Of heart in the govern
ment.
Says Chief Luthuli to South
Africa's whites: You have
nothing to fear from us if you
treat us fairly. We do not want
to kick you out of the country
or marry your sisters. All we
want is a fair deal in our own
country"
Spurs Extremist
BY not giving Chief Luthuli
such a deal the government has
virtually created a much more
dangerous foe: Robert Man.
galiSo Sobukwe's Pan-African
Congress. an extremist break
away from the A.N.C.
1t was Mr.. Sobukwe, a 36-
year-old instructor in Bantu
Studies at Johannesburg's Wit
watersrand University, who en-
gineered the March demonstra-
tions which ended in the
Sharpeville massacre in which
SO were killed and 178 wounded.
Mr.. Sobukwe resigned his
teaching post as soon as the
emergency was declared and
last month drew a three-year
jail sentence on charges of
incitement.
Because Chief Luthuli's mod
crate policies have achieved
nothing. there is a strong swing
now toward the Pan-African
Congress. Both organizations,
however. are honeycombed with
informers, their leaders have
been jailed, and they lack both
funds and organization.
Indian Group Is Ally
Allied with the African ma
tionalist movement is the South
African Indian Congress, voice
Of 100000 brown-skinned South
Africans. The police sweep
which followed Sharpeville
missed Sale. president G. M.
Naicker (who has also been
jailed and banned in the past)
and he is now in hiding. DR..
Evening star., 1960-06-24

izations, the African National
Congress and the Pan-African
Congress.
Leading the A.N.C., is 6lyear-
old Albert John Luthuli, square,
set, graying ex-chief of the
war-like Zulu tribe. Luthuli
whose name means dust" in
Evening star., 1960-06-24

Sixth Of nine articles on the sources
Of roeioI conflict in South Africo.
~--~-~--~---
Zulu, grew up on the gentle
banks of the placid Umvoti
River. which snakes its way
through swaying fields of sugar
cane to the Indian Ocean.
Non-smoker, teetotaler Chief
Luthuli, a vigorous Congre-
gationalist, was educated by
American missionaries and
taught for several years in mis-
sion schools before being
elected to the chieftaincy Of
his sub-tribe.
Ousted by Government
He Joined the A.N.C. in 1916
and six years later, when he
refused to give up his member
ship, was ousted from the
chieftaincy by the Nationalist
government. One month later
he was elected president of the
Congress.
The government quickly
served him with writs conflning
him to his home reserve and
forbidding him to address pub
lie meetings. In 1856. he was
one of 1856 South Africans of
all races arrested and tried for
treason, although charge es
against him later were dropped,
as they were against all but
80 defendants.
He publicly burned his pass
during the riots here this
Spring and was one Of 1900
South Africans imprisoned by
the government without charge
He is still in jail.
Chief Luthuli (no one in
Evening star., 1960-06-24
BLUEPRINT FOR DISASTER
South Africon Policies
Stir Freedom Rights
BY SMITH HEMPSTONE
Contributing Writer

JOHANNESBURG, South Africa. - Bishops and known
Communists white novests and Indian physicians African
chiefs and coored teachers combine present striden
occasionally united and sometimes effective opposition to the
racial policies of South Africa
The big battaons two African nationalist organ-
Evening star., 1960-06-24

Sixth Of nine articles on the sources
Of rocioI conflict in South Africo.
Evening star., 1960-06-26

CoLoRED-5a9 8rd NE. - New.
mod. efic. apt: $50. Apply Apt, q
or phone No. 7-O66O.
COLoRED-Most conveniently 10
Gated at 307 NJ st. NV. in a new.
quiet, S, clean apt. BLDG. A perfectly
furnished. Available to quiet adults
only; SIS. Apply Ant. 4 or phone
NO. 7-0660
Evening star., 1960-01-06

Space. Col. McCauley and
his crew are threatened with
destruction when they at
tempt the first refueling OF
q rocket shiup from a tank
er. William Lundigan stars.
1890, WMAL (D-Wednesday
Night Fights. Carl Hubbard
VS.. Stefan Redl, 10 rounds
WelterweightS. At Stadium,
Chicago, Ill.
11:O0, WTTG ~ Starlight
Theater. Date With the
Falcon" The Falcon uncov-
ers a plot to kidnap a scien-
tist. George Sanders Q94D
HIS, WTOP (9 The Late
Show. Wake Up and
Dream" The Robert Ma
than story Of a strange voy-
age in search Of a missing
sailor. John Payne (1946D .
Tomorrow
1880, WTOP (S, WRC a.
and WMAL (0-President
Eisenhower. The President
delivers his state of the
Union message.
Evening star., 1960-01-06
OTHER TV
HIGHLIGHTS

1850, WRC (D-Wagon Train
"The Lita Foladaire Story"
Major Seth Adams hunts
for the killer Of the wife of
his wartime buddy. Ward
Bond. Robert Horton, Kent
Smith.
$500, WTTG (5) - Five Star
Feature. "Once Upon a Hon.
eymoon." Comedy about an
American reporter who trails
q GeStapo agents wife and
falls for her. Cary Grant,
Ginger Rogers Q942).
$3.50, WTOP (9)-Men Into
Evening star., 1960-01-06


opinions are offered a guide to Uieters.
Perry COmO-A fun show Aside from the usual round of
solos from guests Kay Starr and Paul Anka Buddy
to teach him how to do speech in italian and actually
makes the grade Other fine moments are Comos rend-
ton of that roicking song, Delaware and Perys duet
with Kay Starr to "Nobodys Business" COLOR 900
pm. WRC-.
Hawaiian EyeStamped for Danger" Good for this series
The storyine about gorgeous princess" recently re-
leased from her marriage q wealthy maharajah
who seems to be desperate about protecting worth
less old love letters is quite absorbing Rua nice
decoration the princess" making her living by
undulating at a local bare pm, WNAL-7.
CHS RepOrtsThe Space Lag: Can Democracy Compete?-
Come prepared with your thinking caps on: Tonght's
extremely effective documentary is almost as explosive
its subject There's wealth of highly controversial
and pointed comment by experts who claim could have
been the first to put satellite into orbit who say we'd
better learn to make decisions or others will make
them for u.s. who feel must the difficulties of
manning projects with the best scientific brains and
face up to the problems Of duplication by the various
of defense forces AS Narrator Howard Smith
says at the outset this serious report not entertain
ment, but in our book it's hour that's hot OF the
griddle. 10 pm, WTOP-9.
This Your Lfe-Ralph Edwards tackles the phenomenal
rise of that delightful entertainer Nat king" Cole
his biographical stint for tonight 10 pm, WRC-4.
Wichita TOwn-"Ruby Dawes" MICS best Western series
comes up with another good thriller. A girl brings
badly wounded outlaw to Marshal Dunbar, claiming she
found him the trail She's really his girl friend trying
to get him medical attention, and planning to break him
out of jail when he's recovered Before the show over
the girl and Dunbar become item The last-dtch
shoot-out is particularly effective Western gun battle
and Maryn Erskne does neat job the girl in question
1890 pm, WRC-.
Evening star., 1960-01-06
WASHINGTON .f1aSIi

62S "F" s.. NV.
(OppoSite HechtO
nae. S-5470
Open Mon. Thurs. II
10 2 pm. Tues. Wed,
Fri, ll-6 pm. Soi.,
l0-o pm.
Evening star., 1960-01-06
TODAY'S GOOD
MUSIC DIAL

500, WASH-FM (97.I Mc.)-
In the Concert Hall. Sibel-
ius' Symphony No. Z.
7:05, WGMS AMIN $50 Kc.
and 103.5 Mc.l-Symphony
Hall. Haydn's Trumpet Con-
certo in E Flat.
$500, WMAL-FM (1O7.3 Me. -
Concert Stage. The Perfect
Fool, ballet suite by Hoist.
$500, WASH-FM (97.1 Mc.)-
Symphony Hall. Schumann's
Symphony No. 5 in E Flat.
sos, WGMS AMIN $50 Kc.
and 103.5 Mc.)-The Opera
House. Donizetti's Lucia di
Lammermoor. omplete.
Philharmonic Orchestra
and Chorus.
$500, WMAL-FM (1O7.3 Nc
Hi-F Showcase. Verdiana,
by Verdi and Comarata.
1000, WMAL-FM (IO7.3 Me-
-Nocturne. Cello Concerto
No. / in A Minor, Opus 80,
by Saint-SaenS.
11:O0, WASH-FM (97.1 Mc.)-
Symphonic Highlights.
Evening star., 1960-01-06

q
Ws-HsWs Wsas. time 10 every
Evening star., 1960-01-06
FIN Stations

WRc .FM-s3.s Me.-s:30 an. 10 I an.
WT0P-FM-ss.3 Me.-74-hour operatloa.
WASH-FM-s1.t Me- an. to l2:IS s.m.,
Monday-Sunday.
M0L-FM-ss.1 Me.--s:3o an. TO midnight.
EFAh-FM- 1oo.3 Me- an. to midaIght.
WWDc- -FM-Ioi.1 Me- an. to Z an.
WeMS-FM-t03.5 5 Me.-s an. to midalght.
Saturday ! an. to I Pm; Sunday Q an.
to midhight.
WARl-FM-10s.1 Me.-Monday through SstuF
day 1:3o an. 10 midnght
WeTS-FM-sI.s Me.-S to 10 pm. Sunday
through Thursday.
WBvA-FM-1oS.s Me.-12 As0n to u pm.
NMAL-FM-1o1. Me.-s an. to las an.
WUST-FM-10s.3 Me- an. TO midnight.
WPec-FM-ss.S Me- pm. to midnight.
WSH0-FM-ss.S Me.-S:A5 an. to $50 p.R.
Evening star., 1960-01-06

SOngstresS Kay starr
visits the Perry Como
Show tonight % o'clock,
WRC-4) together with
Buddy Hackett, Paul
Anka, Peter GennarO and
Dancer VIVA D'OrsO.
Evening star., 1960-01-06
TV KEY PREVIEWS

Tontohts top shol0s as preuietDed By TV KEYS std6
Uho attend reedrSals match screenings and dnalyze
scripts in NeD York. Hollywood and elsewhere Their
opinions are offered a guide to area uieuers.
Evening star., 1960-01-06

WEEL-t3to ke.-7l-hsuF operation sXesVt
Monday midnight to 9 an. tuesday.
W00k-13le Ke.-2l-hsuF spsFstiaa Msadsy-
Saturday; Sunday an TO midnIght.
UEAM-13so ke.-2l-hsur speFstIsn. GIespt
Sunday midnight to an. Monday.
WDOh-1sto ke.-DayIIght sHiy.
WPec-tsSo ke.-Dayllght saIy.
WpRW-taso ke.-Dsylisht eRly.
MsMS-SIe ke.-ss.m. to mIsRiGat. SatuFtsy
Ian. to I p.m.. Sunday o. n 70 midnight.
Evening star., 1960-01-06
Other AM Stutions

WINx-tsoo Ks.-2l-AsuT SpsrStieA.
WPlk-I3e ke.-DsyIight snly.
WARL-1eo ke.-Daylight snly.
WeAT-ieso Ke.-DsyIight Oniy.
WUSf-it7e ke.-Daylisht OaIy.
WFAx-117o ke.-DayliSht saly.
NWDc-t2so Ke.-2lhour operation, sXeeDt
Sunday midnlsht to ] s.m. MsadSy.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-02-12
CLERK-TYPIST
CIERK-TYPIST
CLERK-TYPIST

OHI4G44 = = = - =
For insurance once: experience
not nee: salary optional. Call
DE. 2-7200 for appointment.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-02-12
PAINTING
FOR SALE

ROOFING, gutter work. old and
new: roofs repaired and painted.
| ]. R LAWRENCE. Ii R-SInn
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-02-12

MEN (2l wanted. with cars: good
references; opportunity for excel
lent earnings. Phone 9 to IL for
appointment for interview. WA.
r-A21I
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-02-12

SALESMAN. USED CARS - Hard.
hitting, lve-wire salesman, who
IS a good closer wanted by one OF
Baltimore's biggest volume deal
ers. New car, free insurance. COM
pany dement's. Apply in person to
Mr. Ray Tracy, LUBY CHEVRO-
LET, $500 East Monument street.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-02-12

WAREHOUSE sUPERvIsOR, for
household goods warehouse. Must
have 3 yrs experience in house.
hold Foods storage and ware
housing. Must be able to take
complete charge Of warehouse OPP
erations. Excellent opportunity,
good salary and benefits. Call MA.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-02-12
SAIECMAl

SALESMAN
For exclusive retail mems hat store.
p0v 0Q1Z Gfar
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-02-12
MAYER & co.

CLERK-TYPIsT, part time. for
law once; hours IL It'll 2; salary
commensurate with ability: NV
location. Box 2Sa-Z, Star
CLERK-TYPIST, white, 81 to IS;
position available Immediately. s.
day week, employe benefits. Call
BOARD OF TRADE. ST. 1885.
CLERK-TYPIST, with some selling;
% hours. $50 per wk.; age, Is
to As: in vicinity Of 18th and
Pa. ave. NV: pleasant working
surroundings. Box 270-Z. Star.
CLERK for financial dept.
of natl. trade assoc: bookkeeping
exper. helpful, but not necessary;
central loo: fringe benefits; 35-hr
EK; Seno rssume sne salary re-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-02-12
SECRETARY

SECRETARY
An attractive Secretarial
vacancy exists in private
industry that requires a
thoroughly experienced
woman under IS to per-
form varied Office duties
inherent at management
level. Excellent salary for
the individual who can
perform with competence
and little direct supervi-
sion.
Resume requested, read in
confidence. Include bio
graphical data, work ex-
perience, present rate Of
pay, educational back
ground.
, BOX 1897, STAR
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-02-12
statesmen
HOUSEKEEPER EXECUTIVE -

I AM LOOKING FOR
A PARTICULAR TYPE
OF MAN
IF YOU ARE NOT AFRAID
TO MAKE $4,000 THIS
YEAR AND ARE WILLING
TO WORK FOR 1T YOU
MAY QUALIFY. COLLEGE
GRADUATE OR EQUIVA-
LENT; PREFERABLY
BUSINESS OR MANAGE
RIAL BACKGROUND,
BUT NOT ESSENTIAL.
AGE NO BARRIER. CALL
MR.. WINCHESTER, Elk. s.
5484 FOR APPOINTMENT.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-02-12
HELP men

OPTICIAN, dispenser. benehWork;
hEssDltihIi5assiG'n' ms pension !ts an, ,si
auAlifications. Box 1875, Star.
PAINTERs TO work for apartment
project in 8. Arlington. Steady
work. IA. 7-4430.
exper. only. Call Ii. 7-276s.
PARKING LOT ATTENDANT, ex-
perieneed. 2l3 9th st. NV. near
Pa. ave. Ewes. call 10. 4-0210.
PARTS CLERK. exper., for North
ern Va. Chevrolet dealer: excellent
opportunity for right man: hos
pitaliIation and life inSuI. bene-
fits. paid vac and other employe
ADVANTAGES. Call Mr.. KERSHEN-
STEIN, JE. 2-5252.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1960-09-20
Breakdown On Liquor Traffic In
Farmville Unwraps IA Violations

Law enforcement officials cracked down the illegal
liquor traffic Fallnvle during week end
Friday morning raids Of places Melted case Of
WhlSkey and quantity Of beer persons
Negro had IA charges them hearing for the
ten been October IL in County Court
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1960-09-20

Bobby Gilmer's kick for the
point after touchdown was too
low.
Early in the first quarter the
Wolverine line open up nice
threat on their goal line. Flu
wanna recovered a tumble on the
opening series of downs and
moved to the Academy seven
yard line before being held for
downs, Kenneth Haney ard Nor
rs Carter provided the running
steam and quarterback Keith
DENLY mixed his signals well
and connected with a timely pass
before the threat was stopped.
That was one of the most crucial
plays in the game. when DENLY
was held for no gain on fourth
down in the Academy 7.
For the remainder of the half
neither team could make a sus-
tanned effort to score. One beauti-
full run by Bobby Gilmer was
called back by a holding penalty.
Gilmer was trapped on a double
reverse and then reversed his
field to make long gain. How
ever. the plnalty Cancelled the
play and the Academy could not
get rolling again.
In the third quarter the Acad-
envy concentrated on playing in
Fluvanna territory. Bobby Gil
mer set the second Academy
score up with a punt that rolled
dead on Fluvanna s six yard line.
Fluvanna tried a pass on third
down and the ball was batted
into Skeeter Fore's arms. Fore
hustled back to the one yard line.
Continued on page u
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1960-09-20

for this terms opening, Pearson
reports.
The kindergarten. operated at
Farmville. has gained two pupils,
jumping from 20 last June to 81
for the new term.
The enrolment at the start of
the l959-60 session last Septem-
Der was LAS, the administrator
reports. That is "a more than at
this years opening.
Children Older
Pearson said an analysis of the
figures indicate that the school
population here has remained
about the same in numbers, but
that collectively it reflects a
static condition for children in
the elementary ages, but an in
creasing number OF children of
the high school age, from the
Eighth Grade through seniors.
The administrator said that ex-
perience indicates that enroll
ments may increase slightly as
late starters enter the session.
Lower school enrolment drops
were recorded for Farmville 2O),
Worsham 49,, Prospect ~ and
Darlington Heights p. Gains
were recorded at Green Bay 12)
and Rice 81.
The total loss of rs elementary
pupils was nearly offset by the
gain Of "a upper school students.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1960-09-20
Church Marks Centennial
College Church
Speakers Sound
Dabney Praises

Celebrating the Tooth year Of
the present church edifice Sun
lay, the congregation of Col
eye Church at Hampden-Sydney
earned the elements that have
made this Presbyterian center
IN en- durin institution for
learly two hundred years.
Professor M. Boyd Coyner, Jr.
in the first Of two addresses
comprising the chief portions Of
the morning anniversary service
looked backward to find the
Church's history one "of great
faith and great learning"
In his address, "Our Goodly
Heritage" the Hampden-Sydney
history teacher found the origins
SO worthy that he declared the
centennial observance should
best be "a time of re-dedication
and high spiritual resolve"
Dabney Described
DR.. Frank Bell Lewis, the
second speaker, examined the
character and convictions Of the
man who was pastor when the
present church was erected in
1860 and who was its archi-
tectural designer. DR.. R 0 b ert
Lewis Dabney.
Dr. Lewis, dean of Union
Theological Seminary and form
er president of Mary Baldwin
College, described him as first
Of all, a servant Of Almighty
Cod In tracing the life Of this
servant, the speaker touched on
the characteristics which made
him eminently successful as
husband, father. teacher, pastor,
theologian, soldier, philosopher
and educator. Vitality, interest
ed concern, Wholehearted dedi-
cation, honesty to himself and
to his God, gift of polemics and
intensity Of conviction.
1t can be said simply, but to
completely exnlain the man,
He took seriously the tasks
God had given him." DR.. Lewis
declared.
DR. Ben r. Lacy, College
Church pastor, conducted the
worship service. which included
the dedication Of the church
lecterns new Bible given in
memory of DR.. James Buckner
Massey. Dr. Massey was pro-
fessor of Bible at Hampden-
Sydney College from 1919 to 1852.
The memorial Bible was pre-
sGnted as the gift of his family.
Guests Attend
Among the many guests pres
ent to help observe the centen-
NAL occasion were the widows
of two former College Church
pastors. Mrs. William John King
and Mrs. William McIlWaine
Thompson. Also attending was
Mrs. James A. Parsons, daugh-
ter Of William Smith Morton in
whose memory the church organ
was given. The organ was also
Continued on page y
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1960-09-20
Schmidt Scores Twice
Schmidt Scores Twice
Academy Takes First Game With
12-6 Win Over Fluvanna FRIDAY

The Prince Edward Academy
wolverines made their 1860 debut
with a 1916 victory over Flu
wanna. Friday night at the Farm
vile athletic field.
Halfback Bobby Schmidt paced
the attack by making both touch
downs. Farmville's solid front
wall plus the running of Schmidt.
Bobby Gilmer and Lamar Will
liams provided the victory mar
gin.
The Academy first score
came early in the second quar-
ter. as Lamar Williams set the
touchdown up with nice return
OF a Fluvanna kick. depositing
the ball on F'luvanra's 81 yard
line. Bobby Gilmer carried the
ball to Fluvanna 10, where
Schmidt took over for touch
down on the next play. The heavy
Wolverine line openeddup a nice
hole for the speedy Schmidt and
he headed for pay dirt.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1960-09-20

Police Chief Otto S. Overton
said the crack doWn was
prompted after receipt Of a num-
Der of complaints from both
white and Negro persons. The
Friday morning move clinaxed
several weeks of undercover in
veStlgations by an Alcoholic Bev-
erage Control Board Inspector
from Richmond.
The raids were the first in
about a year. A number of ar
rests for persons engaged IN il
legal whiSkey and drug activity
were made here last Septembr.
Charges Of operating games Of
chance also entered the picture
in the breakdown last year,
which involved the operators of
Guinr's restaurant.
Pleasing Results
Chief Oyerton appeared pleased
with the raid results, and even
more so with the report from the
undercover man whose identity
was not revealed. He quoted the
agent as saying: "Of the places
/ have worked in. Farmville has
been the best in keeping under
control the liquor problem. = The
investigator said he was in Farm
vile for three weeks before he
could make any purchases.
Another observation of the in
vestlgator pleased local law en-
forcement officials. He reported
could not find a drop of illegal
tbootlegl Whiskey in Farmville.
Plans for the raids we're set
up Friday morning with Chief
Overton, Sheriff ]. T. Clark and
Town Manager E. L. Quisen-
berry. leaders of the operation.
Two teams were set up-one to
cover each side of twon. Others
participating in the raids were
Town Officers G. S. Crowder. E.
e. OVerton, and c H. Kelsey,
Deputies 7. P Wilkerson and
Philip Gay and ABC investi-
gators Robert Arlington and
Worth McMillion, both OF Amelia.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1960-09-20
Upper School Enrolment Jumps,
Elementary Numbers Are Static

A total of 1872 pupils has been
enrolled IN the Prince Edward
School Foundation system. Roy
r. Pearson, administrator, an
nounced today
The Foundation, which opened
it's nine schools September g.,
operates a consolidated county
upper school, six lower schools
and a kindergarten.
Pearson said the total enroll
ment is Just two under the 1874
pupils on the rolls wien schools
closed for the 1959-60 session
last June.
Upper School Gains
The consolidated upper school,
Prince Edward Academy, en-
rolled "a more students than the
combined enrolment of Prince
Edward and Worsham Acade-
mics at the time of school clos
ing.
The consolidated high school
has student body Of 476 against
a combined enrolment in the two
schools last June of ASP. This is
the first year for the single up
per school in the county.
The lower, or elementary.
school enrolment for the just
commenced term dropped "a pu-
pills. The elementary total last
June was s22. while 1t was 1886
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1960-09-20
Lions Riding,
Band Events Set

The Farmville Lions Club Fri
day announced plans for tW 0
events members will sponsor. a
riding tournament on Saturday,
Oct. l, and afternoon and eve
ming concerts by the U. S. Ma
rine Band on Saturday, Nov.
IL.
The riding tournament h S
been designated as the S a e
championship jousting event by
agreement of riders. The famed
Marine Band, the band of
presidents" will perform its
matinee and night concerts in
Jarman Hall of LongWood Col
lege.
During their luncheon meeting
Friday, the Lions also initiated
J. Barrye Wall, Jr., into mem
bership.