davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1960-04-21
MRS. IRENE M. JOHNSON

Mrs Irene Mattingly Johnson,
aged So, of Poland Ohio died
Thursday morning, April H. of a
cerebral hemorrhage in North
Side Hospital, YOUNGSTOWN, Ohio.
Mrs. johnson was born at HoyCs,
Jane a, 1901, a daughter of the late
William and Christian Mattingly
She is survived by her husband,
Albert A. Johnson; two sisters,
Mrs Teresa BittinSer Oakland;
Mrs. Kathryn Carroll, Uniontown,
Pa: and two brothers, Owen Mat
tingly, Swanton: and William G.
Mattingly, Oakland
Funeral services we're held Sat
urday from the chapel of the
Thompson Mcdowell Funeral
home, Youngstown. Ohio, and
burial was in Forest Lawn Me
mortal Park. Youngstown.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1960-04-21

the late William and Caroline Deal
Calls and was a member of the
Methodist church
Funeral services were conducted
from the Gleason Funeral home in
Uniontown, on Monday afternoon,
April 18, at o'clock with the Rev.
Earl p Confer, officiating Inter-
ment was in Lafayette Memorial
park, near Brownsville, Pa.
Evening star., 1960-02-14
Boasts of Strenqth

Later, at reception where some
100000 Indians heard him speak
from the same platform as that
used by Mr.. Eisenhower in Decem-
ber, Mr.. Khrushchev declared
without qualification that the So
Wet Union was today "the strong
est military power in the world"
But it never would use this power
in aggression, the Premier said.
The Red strength, he averred, had
brought even the most determined
elements of the "instigatorS of the
cold war" to realization that IF
war is unleashed by them, the in
StlgatorS and inSpirerS would be
the first to perish in flames" Thus
Soviet military superiority, he re-
peated, was the worlds guarantee
Of peaceful coexistence.
Earlier, the Premier had spent
three hours closeted with Indian
Prime Minister Nehru discussing
international affairs. 1t was as
sumed that Mr. Nehru had out
lined in strong terms India's po-
sition in the continuing border
dispute with Communist China,
but there was no disclosure i'm
mediately as to what topics were
discussed. Top Indian officials,
however, represented Mr.. Nehru
as doubling that the Soviet Pre-
mier would or even could influence
the Chinese Peoples Republic in
the matter of the disputed border.
Although Mr.. Khrushchev re-
Trained from deliberate saber-
rattling, he once again took occa-
sion to rap the Western alliances
-NATO, SEATO and CENTO-as
aggressive blocS."
They (the Western powers go
on dragging the donkey of the
cold war up on the roofs Of their
houses without remembering that
it will break up the roof and cause
damage to the dwellers down.
stairs"
Evening star., 1960-02-14

atmosphere, in space, in the
oceans and underground where
the test blasts were heavy enough
to be checked. Outer space tests
and "small-scale" underground
tests, however, would be permitted
until such time as adequate in
spection methods had been worked
out.
Semyon K. Tsarapkin, Soviet
delegate at Geneva, called the
proposal completely unaccept-
able" At formal conference
session he charged that the plan
was part of a conspiracy" to re-
sumo testing. The Soviet Union
continued to stand, he said. on a
total and absolute ban on all nu-
clear testing of whatever nature.
Mr.. Tsarapkin referred the Amer
lean proposal to Moscow, but
warned his colleagues in advance
that there is no ground for hope"
that his government would &C
cept it.
Evening star., 1960-02-14
Western Reaction

Western capitals. long prepared
for the loud knocking Of the
French knuckles on the door Of
the atomic club, reacted with
mixed feelings when the door was
actually burst open.
On the positive side, it was be-
lieved that the French mastery
of the atom would help to take
the sensitivity out of Gen. de
Gaulle and his armed forces, thus
making possible better French
cooperation in the North At
lantic Treaty Organization. In
addition, it is pointed out that
the visit of Mr.. Khrushchev to
Paris next month and of Gen. de
Gaulle to London and Washing
ton take on added Importance
as result Of the successful test
blast.
On the negative side. however.
there are considerable misgivings
that French entry into the field
of nuclear ornaments may deal
a death blow to hopes for effec-
tive disarmament, for an end to
nuclear testing and for any real
peaceful co-existence between
East and West.
Evening star., 1960-02-14
Diplomatic Moves

Mr.. MikOyan was at pains to
dispel any notion that the Soviet
interest in Cuba would bring gen.
erous handouts. THE principle
that guides u.s." he declared, is
trade with all countries at world
prices" Indirectly. he took slap
at the United States policy Of
buying Cuban sugar at prices
above the world market price.
So warm and cordial was the
Mikoyan visit that there were
confident predictions that Cuban
Soviet diplomatic relations, sew
cred by former Dictator Fulgen-
clio Batista, would be formally re-
sumed before the Deputy Pre-
mier's departure. But Mr.. Mi
koyan stuck to his assignment,
which is selling, and left the po-
litical arrangements to others.
There is little doubt, however,
that formal diplomatic relations
will be resumed in the near future.
OA wednesday lII!ilGdIS COuI
at Havana convicted l04 persons
of plotting against the Castro
regime. Thirty-six others were
acquitted in the biggest mass
trial held since the Fidelistas
came to power over a year ago.
Sentences ranged from three 10
Sc wears. there were no death
sentences.
Evening star., 1960-02-14
Cubo-USSR:
Trade Pact

Soviet Deputy Premier An
astas MikOyan left Havana for
home yesterday afternoon.
Before his departure he and
Cuban Premier Fidel Castro
signed trade agreement in
which Cuba is extended S1OO
million in credits for l? years.
If Fidel Castro wants Soviet
fighter planes, he can have them,
RusSia'S star salesman declared
last week. And the Soviet Union
will buy million tons of Cuban
sugar during the next five years
at the prevailing market price, he
added. Cuba will buy from Soviet
sources $l00 million worth Of
agricultural machinery and in
dustrial equipment, using Soviet
credits advanced at the low rate
Of 25 per cent.
On this happy commercial
note. Mr.. Mikoyan ended a weeks
visit to Mr.. CaStro's Cuba. He had
toured the island, seen its vast
sugar plantations. talked to its
"guajiroS." boasted of Soviet mis-
sile strength and toasted world
peace. He had been indignant
when told of United States i'm
pressions that his visit to Cuba
was timed to exploit the strained
relations between Havana and
Washington. How could we. while
we are trying to improve our re-
lations with the United States.
try to spoil Cuban relations with
them?" he asked on a nationwide
television broadcast Friday.
Evening star., 1960-02-14

with that extended to Mr.. Eisen-
hover, when an estimated two to
three million almost frenzied In
dians broke police lines in a surge
of enthusiasm for the American
President.
Much was made Of the contrast,
perhaps unjuStiflably so. CaImer
observers pointed out that Mr.. Eli
senhower was on his first visit, Mr..
Khrushchev on his second since
1855. The people of New Delhi
have had almost a surfeit of visit.
ing Soviet dignataries. Resent
ment against Communist China
over the border dispute to the
north inevitably affected Indian
feelings toward all Communists,
even the Russian Communist
leader who has publicly urged re-
straint on his Chinese comrades.
Mr.. Khrushchev himself ap-
peared to be unconcerned with
head-counting or applause meters.
He was all smiles and compli-
ments. He was also the Khru-
Shchev of the Soviet missile pro-
gram, the Soviet space conquests,
and the Soviet slogans for peace
ful coexistence and general and
complete disarmament" Amid
much applause, he addressed the
Indian Parliament where he
stressed peace. praised India's pol
icy of nom alignment with either
OF the two great power blocs,
boasted of Soviet economic ac-
complishments and of Soviet mill
tary might. And he reminded the
Indian lawmakers of the already
large Soviet commitments made
for economic aid to underdevel-
i
Evening star., 1960-02-14
Red Chino's S Role

Also on the negative side is
the obviously increased proba-
bility that Communist China will
redouble its efforts to obtain nu-
clear weapons, and the equally
increased probability that the
German Federal Republic, a NATO
member and closely tied to France
in policy and program. will do the
same. The impact of either de-
velopment on the prospects for a
stable world peace would be Of
major significance.
At Geneva, where delegates from
the United States, the Soviet
Union and Britain have been
negotiating tediously for IS
months, the initial reaction to the
French announcement was eau
tiously optimistic. No immediate"
effect on the negotiations was
foreseen by the delegates. The
French nuclear position, it was
reasoned. is still very primitive,
since one explosion does not make
a nuclear arsenal. Therefore the
three advanced nuclear powers can
proceed to seek a test-ban agree
ment anyway, hoping to include
the French after an accord has
been achieved.
But Gen. de Gaulle, and con-
sistent French policy under his
leadership, has made it plain that
France will not agree to halt tests
until parity" with the other
nuclear powers has been reached.
The French position has been that
an agreement to end testing is
without meaning so long as stock
piles of nuclear weapons continue
to exist. Therefore, Paris con-
tends, the negotiations should be
for total nuclear disarmament
rather than a mere end to testing.
What the almost certain con-
tinuation of French testing will
do to the current voluntary
suspension of testing by the three
older CLUB members" remains to
be seen. But it certainly will not
enhance the prospects, especially
in the Soviet Union, of extension
of the voluntary ban. Each power
involved in the Geneva talks has
taken the position that a resump-
ton of tests by one side left the
other free to do likewise. Although
France is not a party to the
Geneva meeting. she is allied with
Britain and the United States and
is a NATO power. Moscow could
thus take the position that the
West has resumed testing, and do
the same.
Evening star., 1960-02-14
Parade of Visitors

The Indian capital had not
quite completed the removal of
the floral arches, the flag clusters,
and the bunting displayed for
First Deputy Premier Frol R. Koz-
Low and President Klimenti Voro-
shilov less than a week ago. The
festive attire was donned again in
the city, whose climate at this
season of the year offers a balmy
contrast to the rigors of MoScow's
winter. When Mr.. KhruShchev's
party arrived, some quarter of
million Indians lined the road
ways, cheering and waving. But
the welcome, although warm and
friendly, was inevitably compared
Evening star., 1960-02-14

cember, was gratifled and re-
assured by the enthusiasm of the
peoples he met. In neutralist In
dia, particularly. the spontaneous
cheers and the immense numbers
of the greeting crowds exceeded
all expectations. With a very i'm
portant East-West summit meet
ing scheduled for May, it must
have been a matter of Importance
to the Kremlin that India be
reminded of Soviet interest in her
future and concern with her
present.
So Mr.. KhruShchev tipped out
of frigid Moscow Wednesday in
his sleek turboprop TU-119, for
New Delhi, stopping briefly in
Tashkent, the chief city of Soviet
Central Asia. overnight.
Evening star., 1960-02-14
More Submarines

In his testimony on the Hill on
Monday, Admiral Burke reported
new progress on Polaris and said
the Navy would seek Defense De-
partment support in a bid for
funds for six more atomic sub
marines to carry the missile. This
would bring the total to 18 of
these underwater cruisers, mean
ing. perhaps. 288 hydrogen-tipped
PolariSes at sea in 1868.
Whether the administration will
approve all or even a part of this
billion-dollar proposal remains to
be seen. Some observers feel that
Admiral Burke would not have
mentioned it if he had not had
some assurance Of support. Others
believe that Admiral Burke will
get more Polarises only if Congress
turns down the Navy's request for
another carrier.
Although most Democrats are
believed to be sympathetic to an
increase in what promises to be
the Nations first invulnerable
deterrent-retaliatory force, Mr..
Symington indicated his support
would be only conditional.
In remarkable statement from
a man so concerned with the
missile gap" he notified Admiral
Burke that if the Navy and the
administration did not reverse
their positions and support a full
scale program for the BIO bomb
er he might not go along with
Polaris buildup. (The first BIO
probably could not be combat
ready until 1864 at the earliest;
the first Polaris is due to become
operational this fall
The President delayed his news
Continued on Page CA
Evening star., 1960-02-14
For TruUNo:
Democrdcy?

GeneraliSSimO Rafael Leo
midas TrujillO Molina confirmed
last week the arrest and impris-
Onment of more than 80 Do
minicans. accused of plotting
against the regime.
"El Benefactor," for 80 years
the absolute dictator of the Do
minican Republic, is a confident
caudillo. Last week, calm and
smiling, he confirmed with an air
of sadness that there we're some
Dominicans who just didn't know
when they were we'll off. They
we're deluded by Communists and
chronic enemies OF the state, he
told an interviewer; after a period
of corrective incarceration they
would undoubtedly be pardoned.
More than 80 Dominicans re-
ceived sentences ranging up to
80 years at two mass trials last
week in Ciudad Trujillo, the
government reported They repre-
sented some of the most prom
inent families in the Caribbean
republic, coming largely from
professional classes and student
groups.
The Generalissiino coolly prom
ised that "two-party demoC-
racy" would be set up tby Trujillo)
when matters were calmer.
But open criticism of the regime
by the six Roman Catholic bishops
of Catholic Santo Domingo was
viewed as very strong evidence
of widespread dissatisfaction with
the dictatorship. The government
on Thursday dismissed the Roman
Catholic bishops protest of the
recent arrests as protests be-
cause we tolerate Protestant
groups" But observers recalled
the results of Catholic disenchant-
ment with another dictator. Juan
Peron of Argentina, who was for
a while the guest Of Trujillo.
Evening star., 1960-02-14
Khrushchev::
Travelling Man

Soviet Premier KhruShchev
few to India last week for a
five-day visit called unofficial"
but viewed as an important
prelude to the summit meet
ing scheduled for this May.
If lasting peace is ever achieved
and some historian of the future
is able to chronicle the trends Of
the period the world is now ex-
periencing, he might well de-
scribe these days as the time Of
personal diplomacy. For the old
ways have been subordinated to
the new: Traditional channels of
international relations have been
supplanted by the device of direct
personal contact between heads
of state. Professional diplomats
of the old school are dubious as
to the outlook for the new tech
niques. But none can doubt that
the person-to-person approach is
mere to stay.
Mr.. Khrushchev, since he be-
came the obvious first man in
the Soviet hierarchy, has been
a vigorous and for the most part
very effective promoter of the new
approach. He has taken pains
to let the world know that, in
his view, Foreign Ministers and
lesser functionaries are in reality
mere junior executives, who are
charged with carrying out the
decisions of the chairman of the
board.
Thus oriented, it was not sur
prising that the peripatetic chair
man of the Council of Ministers
should make certain that his
travels took him, in advance of
the upcoming summit conference.
to those neutral" areas of the
world where communism vies with
Western-style capitalism for the
good will and perhaps eventual
allegiance of the uncommitted,
the underdeveloped, and the re-
Gently emancipated peoples Of
those regions not long delivered
from the restrictions of colonial
ism.
President Eisenhower, on his
sweep through the capitals of Eu-
rope, the Middle East, Southeast
Asia and North Africa last De-
Evening star., 1960-02-14

and the status of West Berlin in
dicated clearly that the original
Soviet demands had not been
modified, but only held in abey-
ance. And he made clear his re-
spect for power when he alluded
to Italy'S most famous food staple
- macaroni - in a way that
brought almost the entire Italian
press to the boiling point for
al dente."
On Monday, Secretary of State
Herter held a news conference in
washington. He was in posses
sion of Mr.. Khrushchev'S remarks
to and in the presence of Mr..
Gronchi, and he told the news
men that, in his opinion, the
Soviet Premier had adopted a
tougher" attitude on the SUBJ
ject of Germany and West Ber-
lin. Greater confidence in the
Soviet military capabilities, Mr..
Herter suggested, might explain
what seemed to be a hardening
of the Moscow position.
Evening star., 1960-02-14
THE NATIONAL SCENE
Elder Statesmen
On Defense Gaps

Defense debate continued TO
sixsle last week as House Dem
ooratic leaders Joined their
party colleagues in the Senate
to charge inadequacies in the
Nations military programs.
Republicans denOu e d
''leakS" of secret data and poll
tics" In opposition arguments.
President Eisenhower IaShed
out at headline" seekers and
tub-thumping by Pentagon
brass for particular weapons.
1t is perhaps too much to ex-
pect that in a presidential elec-
tion year the annual debate over
the defense budget and policies
could be kept above partisan poll
tics.
And last week, despite a new
plea for unity and cooperation
by President Eisenhower, Demo-
ierats and Republicans fired away
at each other on the adequacy
Of this country's efforts to meet
the grave threat from the Soviet
Union and its rocket diplomacy.
While 1t is hard to see how the
present tempo can be sustained
from now until the November
balloting. there is increasing evi-
dence that the Democrats will
attempt to make defense a major
campaign issue.
Until few days ago, the chief
critics Of administration military
policy were to be found among
the Democratic presidential as
pirants in the Senate, particularly
the unavowed candidates, Sena-
TORS johnson and Symington.
Now they have been joined by
three influential senior" Demo-
Gratis In the House, men who never
have and doubtless are not in the
present instance using the de-
fense issue for purely partisan
purposes. They are: Speaker
Rayburn, 78. and Representatives
Cannon, 80, and Vinson, rs.
Evening star., 1960-02-14

France exploded her first test
atomic bomb in the Sahara at
6 o'clock Saturday morning.
At dawn yesterday deep in the
sandy wastes of the southern Sa-
hara. a shattering roar, a blind
ing flash and a boiling mushroom
cloud initiated new member into
the worlds atomic club" The
first French "nuclear device" was
exploded on a test tower at Tanez-
rouf, about $40 miles south Of
AlgierS. 1t was plutonium flssion
device and an "all-French" pro-
duction.
When word of the successful
shot was flashed to Paris, the
usually imperturbable President
Charles de Gaulle replied:
"Hurrah for France! This
morning she is stronger and
prouder :"
The generals greatest wish had
been granted:
He now possessed the nuclear
badge of strength. and it was
certain that henceforward the
voice of the naughty constable
of France" will be heard oftener
and more loudly in world affairs.
OF course the Sahara nuclear
explosion does not yet put France
into the ornaments race on a
level with the three nuclear
poWers-the United States, the
Soviet Union, and Britain-which
have developed extensive and So
phiSticated nuclear arSenals. But
military men expect the French
to possess a tactical nuclear
striking force by 1868, and per-
haps a strategic force with world
wide range by 1865. In the mean
time, however, Gen. de Gaulle'S
bargaining position will be i'm
mensely stronger. and there IS
every prospect that he will WELD.
with vigor, all the new persuasionS
he has gained.
Evening star., 1960-02-14
Row Over Missiles

On the Senate side last week,
q new controversy arose over our
estimates of Soviet ICBM strength
in the next few years. After
Admiral Arleigh A. Burke. Chief
of Naval Operations, and Gen.
Nathan F. Twining. chairman of
the Joint Chiefs of Staff, disputed
assertions by Senator Symington
that this years estimates actually
indicate a greater Soviet superb
ority in 1960-1963 than last years,
the combined Senate Preparedness
and Space Committees decided to
recall Allen w. Dulles, director Of
Central Intelligence, in an effort
to clear up the confusion. No
date for the Dulles appearance
has been announced.
When Mr.. Symington threat
ened to make public percentage
changes in the two estimates, Re
publicans jumped on him for his
alleged "diSdain" of secret infor-
nation. Senator Bush of Con-
necticut implied the former Air
Force Secretary (under Mr.. Tru-
man was playing politics.
There was some indication last
week that the administration
might later this year-before Con-
gress adjourns-requeSt additional
funds for an expansion of the
PolariS missile program. Such a
move could not be tied to Demo-
cratic pressure, because Defense
Secretary Gates testified last
month that when the Navy weapon
proved itself, the administration
undoubtedly would give serious
consideration to stepping up the
program.
Evening star., 1960-02-14
Khrushchev as Wit

Before leaving for his Asian
tour Che will go to Burma and
Indonesia also, leaving India on
Tuesday, Mr.. KhruShchev en-
ployed his remarkable talents for
the half-humorous, half-ominous
remark in talks with Italys Pres
ident Gronchi and Foreign Min
lister Giuseppe Pella in Moscow.
With his usual jovial bluntness
and folksy use of the apt proverb,
he managed with a smile to put
the West on notice that the sum-
NIT meeting was going to be a
hard = bargaining session. His
words on the subject of Germany
Evening star., 1960-02-14
Greater Efforts Asked

All three have called for greater
efforts in the military field. All
may exert an influence, however
limited, beyond the ranks of their
own party. But the value of their
contributions to the public under
standing Of the issues Of the
great debate" were as disparate
as they could be.
Mr.. Rayburn, the No. l direc-
Tor Of Senator Johnson's presi-
dental drive. simply made the
broad-brush criticism that the
United States has not made
nearly the progress it should
have in the defense field.
Mr.. Cannon, who heads the
House Appropriations Committee,
made an astonishing speech on
the House floor in which he be-
came the only man of any stature
in Congress to declare that as of
right now we are the military
inferior of the Soviet Union.
Based on apparent misinter-
probation Of what Gen. Thomas S.
Power, head of the Strategic Air
Command, said last month, Mr..
Cannon said the Russians already
have piled up enough interconti-
mental ballistic missiles to destroy
every major city in the United
States and, he implied, every SAC
base.
Actually, Gen. Power was speak
ing Of a hypothetical situation
anywhere from 18 months to two
years from now, when he said that
$50 ICBMs and $50 IRBMS Qand-
ing simultaneously on 100 targets,
1t is presumed) could virtually
wipe out SAC's retaliatory force.
Evening star., 1960-02-14
Tests Proposal

Last week President Eisenhower
announced at his press conference
that new United States pack
age" proposal was being presented
to the Geneva teSt-ban confer
ence. The proposal, rejecting the
heavy pressure from the Pentagon
and the Atomic Energy Commis-
sion for resumed testing of tacti-
cal nuclear weapons and other
devices, calls for a ban on all test
ing that can be readily detected.
1t would end testing in the
Evening star., 1960-02-14

thing in his time-for not spend
ing money appropriated by Con-
greSS for certain arms.
But perhaps Mr.. Wilson's great
est contribution was to re-focus
attention on the greater likelihood
of limited wars in this age of
nuclear stalemate. He called for
more funds to modernize the
Army. and replace obsolescent
warshipS of the Navy, and speed
the BIO bomber program.