davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-03-04
WSTAS IN SCIENCE
Census of Natures Flora and Fauna
BY THOMAS R. HENRY

There are more than 2
million kinds Of animals in
the world.
They range from elephants
and whales to creatures
barely visible under a power
full microscope.
Identified plant species
now exceed 250,000-cover-
ing roughly the same range
Of sizes.
This enormous complexity
Of the living world is cited
by DR.. Warren Weaver, vice
president Of the Rockefeller
Foundation, in stressing the
complexities Of present-day
biological sciences in the
foundations annual report.
The numbers are increasing
almost every week as science
penetrateS deeper under the
surface Of nature.
Each animal or plant
is made UP Of the bricks
Of life-cells. Many-per-
haps the majority-consist Of
only a single cell. The body
Of q man consists Of some
what more than 3 trillion,
each Of which might be con-
sidered a highly specialized
individual animal" in an
automatically organized So
ciety.
Statistics on Species
DR.. Weaver cites these most
recent statistics Of species
numbers:
Protozoa, or single-celled
animals, 10000; nematodes,
minute worm-like creatures
10000; crustaceans, $4,000;
mollusks, 10000; fishes,
10000: insects, more than a
million.
In the plant kingdom:
Fungi, moulds and the like,
$4,000; algae, single-celled
plant organisms, 10000;
moses, 10000; liverworts,
1000; ferns, 4,4O0; club
moses and horsetails such
as composed the dominant
vegetation Of the ancient
world, 625; conifers, 500;
Towering plants, 281 900. The
State Of New Mexico alone,
Evening star., 1960-03-04
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES E. TRACEWELL

Sandwiched between the pre-
dicted wars Of the editorial
page and the obituaries, It is
a sign that some Of us are
more interested in living than
in dying"
ARLINGTON, Va.
Dear Sir:
Boiled Live Lobster
reads an advertisement.
Believe it or not, this
cruel practice was banned by
law in Hitler's Germany.
i would like to see it
made unlawful in America.
Perhaps q note in your
column would start the agi-
tation which would bring
about such legislation. Such
legislation also should ban
the slow steaming to death
of crabs.
"The words 'broiled alive
mean exactly what they say.
The lobster is placed in a
pot and slowly tortured
to death by heat.
Yours truly, E. C. P"
y =
The stars have always fas-
cinated people.
They have been used in
navigation since human be-
ings invented boats.
Even famous warriors, such
as Napoleon, stopped long
enough in their killings to
watch the planets above
them.
Gentlemen, who made
all those?" asked Napoleon,
directing the gaze Of his
generals to the stars above
Egypt.
1t is always fascinating to
think that the same stars
seen by men on the other
side of the world are the
stars we see on this; and it
is as amazing to realize that
the same stars we see now
were watched by Julius Cae-
sar and Alexander the Great,
and George Washington, not
to go back so far.
The stars, like poor men,
We have with us always.
1t will be interesting to
watch the Same Old Stars
for the effects Of mankind's
tampering with the heavens.
Who knows but that a Big
Push against the moon may
some day cause it to explode,
and then what will the lovers
do?
Probably they will, in their
turn, be boiled alive. HUI
man people will know at last
how the Holsters feel
Evening star., 1960-03-04
Chicago Cleans House

With Chicago's police corruption
scandals attaining ever wider propor-
tions, the Illinois city is making be-
lated but commendable effort to clean
up the mess and re-establish honest law
enforcement in its crime ridden pre-
cincts. The latest and most promising
move has been to draft" a noted
California criminologist to head COM
pletely reorganized police department.
Judging from revelations Of police COL
lusion with burglars made by a Cook
County grand jury, the departmental
housecleaning will have to be thorough
one.
The tough job of welding the
broom has been given to Dean Orlando
w. Wilson Of the criminology depart
ment of the University of California.
Dean Wilson had been summoned to
Chicago to aid the city in finding new
commissioner of police. An advisory
group Of which Mr.. Wilson was men,
Der finally voted to recommend him for
the assignment. He accepted on several
conditions, the most important Of which
was that he be given free hand in rid
ding the force of crooked and incom-
petent officers. Another condition was
that the department be divorced COM
pletely from politics and politicians.
Critics of the force had blamed most of
its ills on political patronage, system
which gave more stress to partisan con-
siderations than to fitness to enforce the
law.
Mayor Richard ]. Daley has agreed
to the conditions laid down by the new
police head. The latter insisted on
the appointment of new police board,
picked without regard to politics. The
Mayor has said he would comply with
this demand. In short, he has declared
that the city will back the new COM
missioner in top-to-bottom shakeup
OF the force, however drastic it may be-
And new members will be enrolled under
a merit system designed to insure an
efficient, trustworthy force. Commits
sioner Wilson will need more than
the support Of the Mayor and the City
Council, however, If he is to succeed.
He must have the wholehearted support
Of majority of the citizens of Chicago
including willingness on their part
to pay the extra bill which may be in
volved in reorganizing and undermining
Evening star., 1960-03-04

ever limited, continues to be
successfully exerted on the
White House and the Con-
gress by the United States
Defense Department, the
Atomic Energy Commission
and the small handful of Of
f1cial scientific advisers with
a vested interest in urging
the United States to run the
risk Of more tests.
Americas closest Western
allies have restrained them
selves from open criticism of
the United States position,
with the greatest forbearance,
but now seem determined to
convince world opinion that
they, for their part, favor a
different course. The Cana
dian government has Just
announced a straightforward
new foreign policy calling for
the end Of all nuclear test
ing and the complete prohi-
bition Of nuclear, biological
and chemical warfare. At the
same time, Great Britain is
giving every evidence of in
tending to follow the Cana
dian example promptly.
The rivalries that now
seem to loom large between
America and the USSR will
be overshadowed by the ter
rible hazards that will con-
front mankind if % or more
nations become manufac-
turers Of their own nuclear
arms. The eyes of the world
are focused on the President
Of the United States, the one
man who can make the fate
full decision. Let us hope that
his concern for humanity
and respect for world senti-
ment, coupled with his pro-
found knowledge of weap-
onry and broad experience in
Evening star., 1960-03-04

DR.. Weaver points out, has is
identified species Of wild rose.
About a century ago the
naturalist Linnaeus listed
slightly more than 1000 kinds
Of animals in the whole
world. It now is known that
in the Old World alone there
are more than $50 species
and sub-species of rats.
The complexity Of the
problems of life becomes
more apparent, DR.. Weaver
stresses. when it is realized
that every one Of these or
ganisms originates as a sin
gle cell which divides and
subdivides. sometimes mil
lions Of times. to produce the
complete animal or plant.
Presumably the original life
in the world about a billion
years ago consisted only of
single cells. In man the single
original cell must reproduce
itself by division a hundred
million million times.
Mystery Of Cells
The problem now facing
biological science comprises
understanding Of the forces
behind cell division and, es-
pecially, cell differentiation
to produce the various es-
sential organs Of higher life,
up to the human brain. Very
slow progress now is being
made all over the world.
The essential first step, DR..
Weaver stresses, Is classifica-
ton of species and accumu-
lation of as much informal. IN
as possible on the ways of
life OF each organism. This.
however. is only preliminary.
1t affords no real explanation
Of any Of the phenomena Of
life.
Towards the latter end, the
biologist emphasizes, barely a
start has been made in the
present generation, largely
with the development Of in
Struments such as super
microscopes and ultra-centri-
fuges to separate the innu-
merable components of living
matter.
Evening star., 1960-03-04

to do, If only he can find
the right rug. The Secretary
may be excused, perhaps, be-
cause of opposing pressures
to which he has been sub
jected, but your editorialist
should write effectively for
the benefit Of your readers
who want to know the truth
Of the matter.
The manual made a def
mite statement that Of the
95 members Of the NCC COM
mittee on revision Of the
Bible, 80 had some connec-
ton with communism or
communistic fronts. Here is
a simple allegation subject to
calm probative treatment,
which we longtime readers
have learned to expect from
The Star.
VIM. L. CovingtOn,
1t. Col. AUS Ret.
Editorials like From Bad
to Worse" are largely re-
sponsible for the apathy and
complacency of the American
people toward communism
today. "A blunder Of mole
hill proportions" is exactly
how the Communists want us
to think Of their infiltration
OF every phase Of our way of
life, our Government, schools,
universities, factories and
even the Carnegie Peace
Foundation. Why are you so
gullible and naive to think
this diabolical cancer would
stop at churches, the very
foundation they are out to
destroy?
Again, your aspiration to
ridicule and discredit Rep
resentative Walters Un-
American Activities Commit
tee is consistent with your
policy to minimize the Com
munist menace.
Agnes F. Dahl.
Evening star., 1960-03-04
M-Foted Presidents

One cannot but wonder
whether those who are so
eager to reach the White
House this year know of the
strange fatality which, for
more than 100 years, has
haunted all who have been
elected President during a
year divisible by 20. 1t would
probably have made no diff
ference if they had known,
but all elected during such
years died in Office. They
are: 1840. Harrison; 1850,
Lincoln; 1880, Garfield; 1900
Mckinley: 1920, Harding, and
1910, Roosevelt.
Evening star., 1960-03-04
SILVER SPRING, Md,

silver SPRING, Md.
Dear Sir:
"Close to our house is a
lovely spruce tree, which
makes a cozy and safe place
for birds nests. Last year
toward the end of March two
turtle doves built a nest and
raised a family of two
healthy young ones. which
we thought a pretty good
accomplishment considering
the time Of year.
"The other day we noticed
considerable activity around
their nest. The turtle doves
were obviously inspecting
and remodeling. Now for
several days they can be
seen taking turns on the
eggs.
"A neighbor who enjoys
birds always keeps generous
amounts Of food available, so
this is one problem they do
not have to face in their
perilous venture. Each day
we look out the window and
wish them well,
Perhaps the so many par
allels found between the be-
havior Of birds and people is
one Of the reasons people find
bird watching so interesting.
Sincerely, L. w. c."
4 = =
DAVENPORT STREET.
Dear Sir:
Your recent column con-
corning the bird watchers VS..
the star gaZerS interested me.
I watch them both. The stars
are out long after the birds
are in bed.
you don't need the lat
est book to enjoy the stars.
If you look out in the east
ern sky, about midnight this
time Of year. you will see a
bright orange star called
Arcturus.
1T was this same star
which the Chinese used CEN
turies ago to determine the
date Of their New Year; to
them it was a sign Of spring.
"On a hot summer night
you can lie on the grass and
overhead is the brilliant blue
star Vega. The winged horse.
Pegasus, has ridden in the
sky for over 1000 years as a
harbinger of autumn. and
the winter skies are the
brightest of all.
In this way the changing
stars have become to me a
wonderfully designed and
colored calendar; they FORE
tell the return Of the birds
Sincerely yours, H. G.
PSI love your column.
Evening star., 1960-03-04

@. Did canaries really come
from the Canary Islands?
"A. E.
A. The actual origin of the
canary as a cage bird is OBJ
scure. 1t seems probable that
captive canaries were first
secured from the Canary Is
lands, but it is doubtful that
this stock furnished ancestors
for all our birds Of this kind.
The serin finch of middle and
southern Europe is so similar
that it may often have been
captured and accepted as a
canary, and interbred until
all distinguiShable differences
were lost.
@. How is hardness"
measured in minerals?
j. M.
A. The hardness of min
erals is measured according
to the following Table of
Hardness: l, tale; 2, gypsum;
8, calcite; 4, f1uorite; S, apa-
tite; 6. feldspar; 7, quartz;
8, topaz; 9, corundum; 10,
diamond. A mineral is
rubbed against the materials
in the Table Of Hardness
until it comes to one it can
not scratch. If a mineral
can scratch feldspar, but can
itself be scratched by quartz,
its numRr would be 6la.
Evening star., 1960-03-04

the force and in making its pay and
promotion opportunities more attrac-
tive for the professional type" officers
which Mr.. Wilson says he will seek.
Evening star., 1960-03-04
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used IL
letters carry Driters' correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject to con-
uenSdtion.
Evening star., 1960-03-04
Questions and Answers
BY THE HASKIN SERVICE

rssd can get answer by mail
C. Please nelose return postage
Evening star., 1960-03-04
Mushroom Growth of Atomic Bomb Club

Frank B. Bristow.
Evening star., 1960-07-03

the airport to greet the King
and Queen were his wife anC
Mr.. and Mrs. Carl Humelsine
Mr.. HumelSine is president ot
Colonial Williamsburg.
After a private luncheon al
the inn, their majestieS ano
their official party of 35 will
attend a private showing of the
film, Williamsburg: The Story
of a Patriot"
Historic Tour Set
Also on the afternoon pro-
gram were a tour of the re-
stored Governors palace and a
ride down historic Duke o1
Gloucester Street in a horse
drawn carriage and a visit to
the silyersmith shop where
they will be presented a silver
tray.
Tonight, Mr.. and Mrs. Rookie
feller will be hosts at a recep-
ton at The Raleigh Tavern and
a dinner at the Kings Arms
Tavern.
Sunday will be a free day FOR
the royal party and no public
appearances are planned.
Evening star., 1960-07-03
Star Contest Attracts
DeIuge of Snapshots

Although The Stars 1860
Amateur Snapshot Contest is
only a week old, the judges
already are being deluged with
entries. By the time the first
judging is held Thursday, each
of the five contest classes will
be well represented.
So far, entries are running
heaviest in Glass A Babies and
Children) and Glass B (Ac-
tivities). Glasses C (Scenics
and Tabletops) and D (Animal
Life offer the best chances at
present to win one of the first
set of weekly prizes of SIS each,
and Glass T Color is next
best.
To enter the contest, which
will run for 10 weeks, simply
mail one or more snapshots to
the Amateur Snapshot Editor
of The Star, 225 Virginia ave-
nue. Sc. Washington 3, D. c.
Print your name and address
on the back, together with a
title for the picture and the
class in which you are enter
Evening star., 1960-07-03

ing it, This information shoulc
be printed on the cardboard
mountings of color transpar-
encieS.
The photos picked Thursday
will be reproduced in SUNDAY
The Star Magazine, on August
a., and the photographers will
be awarded cash prizes of IS
Publication of winners will con-
tinue for 10 weeks, and then the
best picture in each class will
be chosen for entry in the News
paper Snapshot Awards.
In The Stars contest, the
grand prize winners will win
$l00 savings bonds, and in the
national competition they may
earn from $25 to 81 900. One OF
The Stars entries last year
captured a top prize, while two
others won $50 and the others
$25 each.
Rules of the contest will be
found on today's camera page
and copies also are available at
photo supply counters through
out the Washington area.
Evening star., 1960-07-03
Tribal Battles
Erupt in Congo

LEOPOLDVILLE, Republic of
Congo, July 2 (AP).-Tribal
fighting broke out in Leopold
vile today less than 48 hours
after the proclamation of inde-
pendence for this new nation.
The Force Publique, the Bel
gian-trained army of the new
republic, moved in swiftly and
brutally quelled the disturbance.
However, the communeS of
Ngiri Ngiri and Dendale still
were seething with unrest as
the two top tribes in Leopold
vile, the Bakongo and the Ba-
yaka, tangled in scores of fights.
The commander of the Force
Publique in Ngiri Ngiri COM
mune said 40 persons were
taken to hospital and 81 ar
rested. No one was killed.
The military, which had lifted
the curfew for the independ-
ence ceremonies, clamped on a
new one tonight.
Evening star., 1960-07-03

that with Mr.. Browning this
time either. He intends to per-
sonally select the meat from
the wholesale houses that he
will sell to his customers.
Sets Pace for Family
When he owned his own
shops in the past that's the
way he always did business.
Il was in the old market
down on Pennsylvania avenue
for % years." he recalled. "One
night back in 1917 I got a
hurry up order to personally
cut a T-bone steak for Presi-
dent Wilson. I remember it
we'll"
Mr.. Browning agreed that
perhaps they made men Of
Sterner material in his days.
Il got five boys and they
can't keep up with me-" he
chuckled.
Apparently Mrs. Browning
couldn't either.
I'm glad to see him back
at work" she said. He about
drove me crazy when he was
here at home"
The couple lives at 419
Sixty-ninth place, Seat Pleas
ant, Md.
Evening star., 1960-07-03
ThoiIond King, Queen
Tour WILLIAMSBURG

WILLIAMSBURG, Va, July
2 (AP) .-Thailand's King ano
Queen came to williamsburg
from Washington today.
Smiling skies and Winthrop
Rockefeller greeted King Bhu-
mibol and Queen Sirikit as the
royal pair stepped from an Ali
Force Constellation plane al
nearby Patrick Henry Airport
They then motored to this
restored Colonial capital.
The King wore a gray busi-
ness suit. The Queen wore a
yellow suit, large white straw
hat and white accessories.
John D., Jr.'s Gift
On arrival at Williamsburg
which was restored to its 18th
century appearance by the
millions of Winthrop Rookie
feller's late father, John D., jr.,
the King and Queen went i'm
mediately to their suite in the
Williamsburg Inn.
winthrop Rockefeller is
chairman of the board of Co.
lonial Williamsburg, the res
toration agency. With him at
Evening star., 1960-07-03

other Western leaders. He ac-
cused the United States of
stalling the negotiations and
seeking to set up an espionage
system in Russia in the guise
of an international disarma-
ment inspection system.
Mr.. Eisenhower decide d
against a personal reply to
the man who has carried on a
bitter campaign against him
since mid-May and who even
declined to sign his letter to
the President with the ire
spectfully yours" used by Mr..
Khrushchev on his letters to
other leaders.
The United States note was
mildly worded in keeping with
Mr.. Eisenhower's policy of
avoiding an International ver-
bal brawl with Mr.. Khru-
shchev. 1t rejected as wholly
inadequate" Soviet charges
that the United States was to
blame for both the diSarma-
ment failure and the summit
explosion.
Actually, the reply to Mr..
Khrushchev said, it was the
Soviet government which was
responsible for dashing the
worlds peace hopes by arbi-
trary behavior.
Furthermore, the Unite d
States declared that the Red
walkout at Geneva stands in
sharp contrast" to Kremlin
declarations about the peace
full settlement of disputes
through negotiation.
Evening star., 1960-07-03
SOVIET TANKERS
ON WAY TOCUBA

LONDON, July 2 (AP).-
Soviet tankers of the Black
Sea feet have left Odessa for
Cuba, Radio Moscow said to-
night.
The tankers will take sew
eral tens of thousands of tons
of oil, which has been bought
in the USSR, to Cuba" the
German-l Language broadcast
added. 1t gave no other details.
Evening star., 1960-07-03
REACTION

Continued From First Pag,
Mass, the Associated Press re.
ported.
The conventio n-riggins
charge leveled by Mr.. Truman
at unnamed hackers of Senator
Kennedy was Immediately de-
MED by Gov. Leroy Collins ot
Florida. who will preside over
the sessions that open next
Monday.
Senator Kennedy'S two main
rivals for the nomination
Senators johnson and Syming-
ton, took cautious attitudes
toward the "fix" charge, with
the former indicating agree
ment and the latter limiting at
dissent. Both of them ex-
pressed appreciation for the
bouquets Mr.. Truman threw
them.
Adlai Stevenson, the dark
horse possibility whose name
was conspicuously missing from
Mr.. Truman's list of qualified
candidates, confined his COM
ment to a statement of regret
that Mr.. Truman will not be
at the convention at which his
presence would add a great
deal"
SymingtOn Grateful
The former Presidents choice
for the nomination, Senator
Symington. said: II am very
grateful for President Tru.
mans kind comments about my
record and for his support Of
my candidacy. I am still con.
fident that we will have ar
open convention and will de
everything 1 can to see that we
come out of Los Angeles with
a united party for this all-im-
portant election"
Senator Symington said thai
ito the best of my knowledge
my people have been treatec
very fairly by the Democratic
National Committee on conven.
ton arrangements. I have had
no complaints at ALL"
Senator johnson said: II ap-
preciate very much President
Truman's generous words about
me and I agree with his esti-
mate that all of the candidates
should be carefully considered
so that the choice will repre-
sent the collective judgment OF
the whole Democratic Party
rather than an effort to exclude
some part of our country OF
some group within our popu-
lation."
On the matter of convention
rigging, Senator johnson
agreed with Mr.. Truman's SEN
tlmentS without indorslng his
specific complaint. He said
that ANY effort to control the
convention and to predeter-
mine the candidate will leave
the delegates with a feeling of
bitter resentment and will
weaken the Democratic Party
at a moment when it is being
called upon to face historic
tasks"
In Los Angeles, the conven-