davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-09-06

American students in Soviet
universities from 35 to 81?
Yet the Soviet editorialist
reveals. perhaps uncon-
sciously, in his own protesting
article one major reason why
the student exchange pro-
gram is faltering. Discussing
the fields of study suggested
by some American applicants
for graduate work in Russia,
Mr.. Nazarof declares they
seek ito research topics in
the Soviet Union which no
self-respecting Soviet special
ist would undertake to
direct"
Here are the examples he
cites: Andrew Blay, Univer-
sity of North Carolina, sought
to do work ION the history of
religious sects of the 10Th and
goth centuries in Russia"
Another rejected applicant,
Martin Katz, University of
California, wanted to study
at Moscow University the
works of the reactionary pub
licist Mikhail Katkov." NAT
urally," writes the Soviet
editor. there was no place
for such historians in Soviet
universities and they had to
be rejected"
So there is the key, and a
curious one it is to Western
eyes. What kind of scholar
ship is it that simply denies
the existence. for research
purposes, of religious sects or
Evening star., 1960-09-06
EEEiElEgEFET
IndefensibiIity of Pennsy Strike

60 to them, in spite of the
fact that the company has
contracts with the mainten-
ance-of-way unions to do it.
1.-The other issue involves
the right of the company to
subcontract out its work. This
is the issue with Mike Quilts
union - subcontracts, for
example. for the diSmantling
of obsolete mechanisms.
There are several other min
or issues. but those two are
the major ones. That's why
I say in the face of the Ma
tionwide settlement in behalf
of $4,000 employees already
made on these points by all
the other major railroad un-
ions, this strike is indefensi-
BILE. Quill is a Johnny-come-
lately in the railroad indus
try, and this Is the only con-
tract he has of any size with
any major railroad in the
country"
When asked what hap
pens If the strike persists, the
Secretary answered that the
only thing left is congress
sional action. Mr.. Mitchell
noted that the Pennsylvania
Railroad favorS compulsory
arbitration, but he,> opposes
this as leading to Govern
mental controls.
"Once you get started down
that road" he added. "where
the Government decides
wages and conditions, then
the Government has to de-
eide prices"
When this writer pointed
out that the railroads as a
regulated monopoly" have
their prices fixed for them
already by the Interstate
Commerce Commission, Mr..
Mitchell said he realized this
and that is why he feels
there needs to be a complete
revamping of Government
approach to the railroads be-
cause they now are in COM
petition with the airlines,
truck, water and pipelines
and are no longer a mo-
nopoly."
If the Pennsylvania strike
continues and things get bad
enough, there could be a spe-
cial session of Congress called
by the President, but the ad-
ministration here still be-
lieves the processes of reason
will bring a settlement with
in the next few days.
(copyright, 1e6O)
Evening star., 1960-09-06
POTOMAC FEVER
BY Pete Wymo
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

Democrats staging big vote registration drive In
the suburbs they're finding families where the only
thing registered is the dog.
Republicans Nixon is better prepared for the White
House than Kennedy Thanks to his stiff knee, there's no
danger of Nixon putting his foot in his mouth
Kennedy Republican economic policies cost the
average family lot of money The thought of four
years of them has cost the Kennedy family 81 million
already.
September is education month Mother book
again.
Jack Kennedy foresees 10 million voters this fall
Happily him. most in the which thinks
anyone As is sene.
Russas secret weapon at the Olympic games: prom
ise that any man who wins gold medal can keep it,
O-Who is the top Republican adviser? A.-Judging by
the amount of presidential candidates spend with him.
it's fellow named Walter Reed.
Evening star., 1960-09-06
Things One Hears on a u. S. Trip

didn't think of Cape Cod
looking at her.
In Pittsburgh a labor leader
union officer said:
In five or six years from
now we will have a sort of
WPA to take care of what
they maybe will call the
permanently disloc C ated."
There are about three mil
lions of them now. They are
all in their sos, give or take
a few years. And their num-
ber will grow. Costs are up.
Unions know that. But. it
isn't all the fault of unions
as the usual people say who
blame everything on unions.
Costs go up and the only way
management can cut them is
to develop more machines.
Every time a new machine
comes on the older men who
are doing Semiskilled assem-
bly, line work or those doing
unskilled labor are the first
to 60.
IT listen to the glib writers
and speakers saying they
must be relocated and train
ed to do something else. You
know anybody hiring a man
today who is past As or so,
no matter how skilled he is?
That's why labor is for
Kennedy :. he and the DEM
ocrats are not giving us this
CUFF about everything being
just dandy, richer and better
than before. There is a hu-
man problem the Republic
cans are ignoring just to get
elected. And it looks like a
lot of people are buying it.
Russia is taking the Congo
and there are nearly nine
million people who aren't
really working. But, let's not
talk about the bad things.
Only the good"
These are some of the
things one hears. travelling
across country. stopping
along the way.
Evening star., 1960-09-06
Observer Says Highway MoteIs Hide
Real Suffering, and Hurt Kennedy

ming them because he says
everything is fine and let's
not talk about what isn't.
Let's stress our strengths.
The people like that. Ken
nedy is hurt.
Out of Pittsburgh on a
feeder-line plane a teacher
said:
Yeah, I think Nixon is
way out in front. 1 don't
like him too well. but I don't
like everything about Ken
nedy. A lot Of my friends are
like that. But I think Ken
nedy has lost ground.
Why? Ill tell you why.
Right after the convention
he went up to Cape Cod.
That was a mistake. They
had stories about him and
the fence about his place.
They had pictures of him
and his boats. You know
what I think of when I think
of Cape Cod? I picture in
my mind a lot of idle, rich
fellows sitting around IN
white pants. I know that
isn't true. I never been there,
but I hear Cape Cod is
crowded with all sorts of
people. But that isn't what
the people think who haven't
been there"
You think that hurt
him?"
That and other related
things. You take Nixon. He
killed them when he had his
old mother and family at
the convention. What is it
that artists picture was
called that showed the Kan
sas farmer and his wife?
The American Gothic. Well,
that was Mother Nixon. She
was an American Gothic.
She looked like she might
be the grandmother of all
the kids on the block. You
Evening star., 1960-09-06
DAVID LAWRENCE

Rarely ever has there been
q strike so unpopular with
labor generally as the shut
down Of the Pennsylvania
Railroad by a small minority
Of its employees.
If 1t had not been the rail-
roads own decision to sus-
pend operations when the
strike occurred-aS there was
fear for the safety of pas
sengers II the Pennsylvania
tried to continue service
the Nation would have wit
messed G crossing of the
picket lines by most of the
railroad workers at the be-
hest of their own union
chiefs.
All procedures through
fact-flnding and mediation
boards, though accepted by
the company. were rejected
by the transport workers
boss, Michael Quill. who
ordered the strike. This was
done in the face of the sub
Stantial progress on work
rules being made by the
principal unions and the rail-
road managements of the
country.
To get the background Of
the dispute from an au-
thoritative and neutral
source. this correspondent
has just interviewed the
Secretary of Labor. James P.
Mitchell, who said:
This is the first time in
seven years that I have ever
taken a position publicly pro
or con on management or
labor. because I have never
felt in the past that the is
sue was as clear-cut as it is
here. I repeat what I have
said all along-that the in
ability Of the unions to set
tie on this issue of work
rules, in the face of a Ma
tion-wide settlement by all
the other railroad unions, is
inexcusable.
you may recall that al
most a year ago, there was
some speculation as to the
possibility Of a Nationwide
railroad strike this spring
because all the contracts of
the railroads were about to
expire as of November first
Evening star., 1960-09-06
DORIS FLEEsoN
An Impending Economic Issue

York State and slated to be
Secretary of the Treasury in
a Dewey cabinet.
Business Week currently
quotes several dozen profess
sional economic forecasters
and divides them into two
groups: Relative optimists"
who think the Nation is in
a recession but readjusting
itself so that by mid-1961 the
economy will be moving up
ward again and relative pes
simists" who believe we are
living through the prelude to
a genuine recession that will
hit early in 1861.
Many of the pessimists are
described as believing that
"the worst economic trouble
since World War II" is i'm
minent.
Editorially the magazine
urges the administration to
accelerate spending for de-
fense and public construction.
It admits that its own eco
nomist is one of the few
optimistS.
Neither Vice President Nix
on nor Senator Kennedy
would display Mr.. Eisenhow-
er's economic caution; both
undoubtedly would be far
more sensitive to economic
indicators than he has ever
been. But both at this point
are relative outsiders; the
known views of their respec-
tive parties will be what
counts.
Evening star., 1960-09-06
RALPH McGILL

STATE COLLEGE, Pa
"You know what is hurting
Kennedy?" he asked. Il will
tell you. You drive across
this fat, wonderful beautiful
country. And along the high
ways you see the cars parked
at the motels and the kids
and their folks splashing in
the pools. You don't stop to-
day to spend the night unless
the guy throws in a swim.
You know it's on the bill. But
you kid yourself. It's free.
You don't see any suffering.
"You drive all the way
across this State which is
supposed to be hurting, and
is. And do you see anybody
with pain or hear any hol-
lers? Not unless you seek
them out.
And here is kennedy. He
is telling the truth. There is
a growing unemployment.
But it has cushions in social
security. Even if it worsens, it
will be some time before it
gets to be so plain everyone
can see it. And this is what
is wrong with Kennedy's
campaign. At Los Angeles
they showed the pictures of
the unemployed. They exist.
There are men in automo-
biles, steel, and coal mining
who likely won't get their
jobs back again. But they are
in what the double domes
call pools. All you see travel
ing is a good life.
THE people looked at Chet
Bowles' pictures of people
out of work and they said,
why that's Russian stuff.
This is a rich, comfortable
country where there are
more people employed than
ever before. And the wages
are higher. What do the
Democrats mean talking
poor mouth? Nixon is win
Evening star., 1960-09-06
Death Toll Now IS
At African Mine

BOKSBURG, South Africa.
Sept. 6 (AP) The dead in a
shaft collapse of the ERPM
gold mine here mounted to at
least IS this morning with the
recovery of two more bodies.
Hope was virtually aban-
doned for the IL who remained
trapped, but rescue efforts
were continuing. All the vic
tins are Africans.
Evening star., 1960-09-06
'T4KE
Secretary Mitchell Explains Background
OF Shutdown Ordered by Mike Quill

last year. I have been work.
ing with the operating
brotherhoods and the non-
operating brotherhoods in
two areas-the wage area
and the work-rule area. And
we have successfully settled
through the medium Of the
Railway Labor Act all Of the
wage disputes for the en-
gineers. the firemen, the
trainmen, the brakemen and
the incorporating brother
hoods on all the railroads in
the United States. including
the Pennsylvania, without
any work stoppage.
Nov tomorrow (Tuesday)
I meet in Chicago with the
chiefs of the operating bro
therhoods who run the trains
the firemen, the engineers,
the conductors and so on. And
we will probably arrive at an
agreement with the manage
ment people to appoint a
presidential commission to
study on a Nationwide basis
the so-called 'featherbedding'
rule. This step is really a
monumental stride in the
railroad industry because for
the first time these unions
are facing up to the PROPOSE
ton that the whole work.
rule situation must be modi-
fed. And this, if it comes
off, will be the outcome Of
about a year-and-a-half of
work on our part.
Now, there are two prob
lens on the Pennsylvania
system. There are two unions.
rather. One is Mike Quilts
union, which represents about
$4,000 people in the crafts
and unskilled group, and the
other about 5000 people in
a union called the System
Federation - they, in the
main, are sheet-metal work.
ers. boilermakers, electricians
who have contracts with the
company.
There are two major is
sues, really. One is a purely
jurisdictional dispute between
the sheet-metal workers, AFL,
and the Brotherhood of Rail-
way Maintenance employees,
who do the work on machine
pipes and air ducts. The
sheet-metal workers are de-
manding that all that work
Evening star., 1960-09-06

tors said he had a temperature
of 101 degrees. Mr.. PECK has
not appeared in public for some
time.
He is a longtime Communist
revolutionary who has lived
much of his life outside Ger
many. He returned to Germany
from exile in Moscow in 1945
and was installed as first Pres
ident of East Germany when
the Russians converted their
zone into a Democratic Re-
public" in 1949.
Evening star., 1960-09-06

fleet of Is tankerS-most Of
them under 10000 tons.
Reports in the Baltic Ex-
change-the London market
place" where shipping deals are
transacted-said the company
has contracted to transport a
million tons of Black Sea oil
during a two-year period. Ac-
cording to Baltic men. the Rus
slams are willing to pay twice
current market rates for the
tankerS.
Evening star., 1960-09-06
East Germony's
President Sick

BERLIN. Sept. 6 (AP).-
William PECK. "a year : old
President of Communist East
Germany, is in a serious con-
dition after a sudden weaken
ing of his heart, the official
news agency Adm announced
yesterday.
A bulletin signed by four doc
Evening star., 1960-09-29

X No Money Down on wall to wall installa-
tions over $275 ON Sears undermining
Credit Plan. You can take up to SO months
to pay! Ask today about Sears easy,
on.thelbudget payment plans!
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-01-04
Novelist Albert Comus,
Nobel Winner, Killed

SENS, France, Jan. 4 (AP).
Albert Camus, Al, French
novelist who won the Nobel
prize for literature in 1857, was
killed today in an automobile
crash.
Three other persons in the
car were injured.
The accident occurred at La
Chapelle Champigny. about 100
miles south of Paris, on the
main Paris-Nice road.
In the car with Mr.. Camus
were Michel and Jeanne Gal
limard of the French publish
ing family and a small child.
All three were taken to the
hospital at Montereau near
here.
Mr.. Camus. distinguished as
an esSayist, novelist and man
OF the theater, was cited by the
Nobel Prize committee for his
"clear-sighted earnestness
(Which Eliminates the prob
lens Of the human conscious
ness il our times"
He said at the time that he
hoped to use the prize of more
than $4,000 to retire to a
small hotel near Paris and
work on a new novel. But he
did not remain away from the
active literary and theatrical
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-01-04
BY CROSBY S. MOVES

European Correspondent Of The Star
PARIS. Jan. 4.-Soviet Pre-
mier Khrushchev's remarks
limiting that Russia may uni
laterally cut down the size of its
armed forces are believed here
to have a direct bearing on
prospects for a successful sum-
NIT conference next spring.
AS usual, there is some re-
luctance to take too seriously
what the Russian Premier said
in the course of a series of
expansive New Years eve
toasts. But the suggestion that
Russia might make drastic cuts
in its conventional forces and
rely entirely on missiles for de-
Tense is providing food for Sc
rious thought in connection
with the coming negotiations.
Most Immediately, it seems
likely to affect the planning of
the Western powers for the 10
nation conference on disarm-
ament which is scheduled to
open in Geneva on March is.
The Western group. composed
of the United States britain
France, Italy and Canada will
start work in Washington later
this month.
Experts here attach the
greatest Importance to this new
Geneva conference. In their
view, it will provide essential
preliminary work for a success
full summit conference in May.
Since disarmament now has
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-01-04
Red Hint Of Army Cut
Poses Summit Issue

replaced Berlin as the central
issue Of the top-level talks, the
outcome at the summit could
well depend on reaching at
least a limited agreement on
the lower level.
Until now, most Of the pre-
liminary work has been con-
'entrated on the problem of
nuclear ornaments. especially
the problem of stopping nuclear
ne chance of a COM
promise of a system Of inspec
ton and control of such tests
has provided the best hope of
agreement in the disarmament
field.
The question has been how
far the West could go in &C
cepting Russian restrictions on
an inspection system without
running too great a security
risk. In recent discussions, the
United States has been under
pressure from the British to
take a more liberal attitude on
the question of controls in order
to make a limited agreement
possible.
Even a partial control system,
providing for a system of in
ternationally stated control
posts on Russian territory, 1t
mas been argued, would be a
major gain justifying some Sc
curity risks.
These discussions have been
thrown into a new light by
Mr.. Khrushchev's latest re-
See PARIS, Page Az
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-01-04
Steel Agreement
Sends Stocks Up

NEW YORK. Jan. 4 (AP).
The steel strike settlement
sent the stock market on q
sharp upsurge today.
Steel, rail and auto shares
led the march. -
The ticker ran late from the
opening. For a long period it
was behind five minutes. Some
steel shares were late in OPEN
ing as stock specialists at
tempted to match buying and
selling orders.
United States Steel spurted
1882 to $102.25. Jones &
Laughlin advanced $3.75 to $88,
and Republic Steel was up S2.25
to $56.75.
The motors responded to the
assurance that steel will be
available for the record-break-
ing production scheduled for
the first quarter of this year.
Chrysler moved ahead $3.50 to
$685..
Rails, bouyed by anticipated
heavy shipments of steel and
coal, advanced briskly. New
York Central was up SIPS to
$29.87, and Baltimore & Ohio
up 50 to $41.5O.
The Dow Jones II am. av-
erage Of 80 industrial stocks
advanced 5.13 to 684.49 from
the historic closing high set
Thursday.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-01-04
Holiday Toll
Sets Record
366 Persons Die
In Rood Accidents
By the Associated Press

AAeSSNANNNN
Traffic fatalities scared today
to a new record for a three
day New Year holiday.
Delayed reports of traffic
deaths across the country that
occurred before last midnight
pushed the toll to 366, exceed
ing the old record of 1854 set
during the 1856 New Years
week end.
Fires killed So persons and
"a others died in miscellaneous
accidents, making an overall
total of SOB lives lost.
But the National Safety
Council, which had estimated
a traffic toll of 800, said it did
not believe the final figures
would surpass the record traf-
f1c total for the holiday-4Os
in the four-day period in
1956-1957.
The count started at 6 pm
0ocal time) Thursday and
ended last midnight.
Deaths on the highway, many
in multi-fatal accidents, were
far below the heavy toll of 4O3
reported in the three-day
Christmas week end. However
more persons lost their lives
in fires during the New Year
period than at Christmas. The
number killed in miscellaneous
accidents was about the same,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-01-04
Korean Head Shovinqs
Threaten New Incident

The statement said the wom-
en- were taken to the orderly
room Of Capt. McEnery's It'll
Division Company, and the two
sergeants shaved all the hair
off their heads.
The U. N. provost marshal'S
Office began an investigation.
The incident recalled that
of a Korean boy caught steal
ing in February, 1858, on a
United States base at Ascom
City, near Inchon. He was
smeared with tar. nailed in a
box and flown to an airf1eld
Is miles away
That incident occasioned
wide criticism in the South
Korean press and strained
United States-Korean rela-
tions. An American sergeant
was court-martialed and fined.
His company commander ac-
cepted a fine and relief from
his command and thus escaped
a court-martial trial.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-01-04
French Navy School
Hit by Tough Exoms

PARIS, Jan. 4 (AP).-
Tougher entrance requirements
are creating problems for the
French naval academy's re-
cruiting program.
Requirements were raised in
1857. Since then the annual
number of successful candi-
dates for the school that turns
out officers for the French navy
has fallen from $50 to $50 as
of January /.
School officials have recon-
mended raising the entrance
age from Is to 10 to allow
more time for applicants to
prepare for the exams.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-01-04

SEOUL, Korea, Jan. 4 (AP)
The United Nations Com
mand admitted today that two
American soldiers, acting on
the orders of their company
commander, shaved the heads
Of two Korean women found on
their military base.
The announcement was ex-
pected to provoke indignant
reaction from the South Ko-
reanS.
An Army press statement
said the shaving was done by
LIST Sergt. Ora Curnutte, 80, of
Chillicothe, Ohio, and Sergt.
Harry K. Saunders. 81, of Kan
sas City, Mo, on the orders of
Capt. John w. McEnery, "a, of
Cheyenne. Wyo.
The command said the women
-Ae Soon Kim, 80, and Jong
Jon Kim, 22-"were apparently
not authorized to be within the
military reservation at the time
of their apprehension"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-01-04
Buenos Aires
Expects Visit
Eisenhower Due
Feb. "a or Is

BUENOS AIRES, Argentina,
Jan. 4 (AP).-Fresh from his
marathon swing through Eu-
rope. Asia and Africa. President
Eisenhower is expected to visit
BuenoS Aires late next month
as part of a formation Latin
American tour.
Foreign Minister Diogenes
Taboada announced last night
that Mr.. Eisenhower will arrive
in the Argentine capital Feb
ruary "a or Is for a two-dav
visit. He made the disclosure
after comforting with Argentine
President Arturo FrondiZi.
There was no confirmation of
the visit from Washington, but
reports have been circulated
there that Mr.. Eisenhower
plans to visit Uruguay. Argen-
tina and Chile after visiting
Brazil's new capital, Brasilia,
in late February.
In Augusta, Ga, where the
President is mentioning. Press
Secretary James c. Hagerty
would not confirm the Arpen-
tine announcement.
LAS far as the President is
concerned there is nothing
definitive" about the Latin
American trip. Mr.. Hagerty
said today. He said he stands
by his repeated word that the
trip has been under considera-
ton for a long time and still is.
1t is probable that any an
nouncement will come from
the White House only after all
details have been nailed down
Relations Strained Earlier
Earlier reports from Rio de
Jaheiro said Mr.. Eisenhower
was expected to fly from the
United States to Brasilia, in
East Central Brazil, then fly
on to Rio for a brief visit.
According to the Rio re-
ports, the President would then
sail aboard a United States
cruiser to Montevideo, Uru-
quay, and Buenos Aires. then
See TOUR, Page Al
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-01-04
Curious Boy Sets
Cos Station BIost

JERSEY CITY, N. j., Jan. 4
APC.-A shoe shine boy asked
a service station attendant last
night whether some spilled gas
would ignite If he threw a
match into it. The attendant
said it would. The boy threw
the match.
A car was badly damaged,
three pumps ruined and four
f1remen slightly hurt.