Evening star., 1960-08-26
SOVIET SPY SYSTEM
1t Seeks to Cover Every Front
The tooDing article is condensed from portions OF
recent report to the Senate Judiciary Committee
BY j. EDGAR HOOVER
Director ederalB Bureau Invest

that a special directorate was
created in 1947 for the pur-
pose of handling illegal"
agents. Another former intel
ligenCe officer, Reino Hay
hanen, has stated that he was
told, while in Moscow in 1852,
that plans were being made to
change over Soviet contacts
from legal" to illegal"
operations. Another former
officer of the Soviet Ministry
of State Security has advised
that as early as June, 1852,
an order was sent to INTEL
ligence agents in all Western
countries to prepare illegal"
organizations which could
function without interruption
under any conditions.
That this policy was fol-
lowed with respect to the
United States is illustrated by
the fact that in August, 1856,
a female Soviet agent at
tempted to enter the United
States from Canada at De-
troit using an authentic copy
Of a birth certificate pre-
viously issued to an American.
Detected by the United States
border screening process, she
was refused entry. Less than
a year later, Rudolf I. Abel,
a colonel in the Soviet Com
mittee of State Security. was
arrested in New York City
where he was posing as an
American photographer under
the name Emil r. Goldfus.
Abel had entered the United
States in 1948 using a pass
port issued to a naturalized
American in 1947 to visit
relatives behind the Iron
Curtain and who never re-
turned to this country. Abel
was subsequently convicted
Of espionage and sentenced
to 80 years imprisonment,
which sentence he is now
serving.
1t is interesting to note
that in October, 1852, the So
viets sent Reino Hayhanen
to the United States to act
as Abel's assistant. Hayha-
men, prior to leaving Russia,
had been given instructions
by Mikhail N. Svirin, a Soviet
intelligence officer. After his
arrival in this country, Svirin,
who had become First Secre-
tary of the Soviet Delegation
to the United Nations, met
with Hayhanen and subse-
quently, during the period
l952-l953. Hayhanen oper-
ated under his supervision.
1t was not until 1854 that
Svirin gave instructions for
Hayhanen to contract Abel
and to act as Abel's assistant.
The case involving Abel
and Hayhanen is a striking
example of Soviet use of ill
legal" agents against the
United States. In Dispatch
ing such agents to this coun-
try, we can be certain that
the Soviet-bloc intelligence
services will, as they have
with their representatives
who are dispatched to this
country as diplomats, take
full advantage of the free
doms of this country which
are guaranteed by our Con-
stitution.
The United States has not
been the only target of the
Soviet-bloc intelligence or
ganizations. Many other
countries of the world have
felt the barbs Of the Soviet
espionage attack. The dis
closures of the Royal Com
mission in Canada which fol-
lowed the 1945 detection of
Igor Gouzenko, a Soviet code
clerk, revealed a Soviet es-
pionage apparatus which on
a broad scale had recruited
and subverted Canadian citi-
zens while seeking to inf1l-
trate the Canadian Govern
ment and drain of its Sc
cretS. The admissions of Klaus
Fuchs in 1850 that he be-
trayed the free world when,
as a member of the British
Atomic Energy Team, he
passed atomic secrets to the
Russians clearly indicate the
Soviet designs on informa
tion in possession of the
British Government. TIL e
flight of the British Scien-
tist DR.. Bruno Pontecorvo in
1850 and the British diplo-
mats Guy Burgess and DON
aid MacLean in 1851 behind
the Iron Curtain adds addi-
tional proof. The report OF
the Royal Commission of the
Commonwealth of Australia
; in 1855 following the defec-
ton of Vladimir and Evdokia
Petrov, Soviet espionage
agents assigned to the Soviet
Embassy in Australia. dis
closed an extensive Soviet
espionage apparatus directed
against Australia. Many
similar examples could be
cited to illustrate that Soviet
espionage is international in
character and the expulsion
Of two Soviet officials from
Switzerland during the past
spring clearly indicates that
: Soviet espionage is currently
international in character.