davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-02-28

While the legal talent explored
the problem of getting a Judge,
Chicago police. the FBI and other
Investigators pursued their prob
lem of finding a judge. More than
100 skin divers probed the waters
of Lake Michigan. The Coast
Guard dragged the lake front.
Helicopters made futile passes
over the area. Weather reports
were studied. The FBI alone
which entered the case at the
request of a senior judge of the
circuit-has followed hundreds of
investigative leads all over the
country.
Despite all this effort, investi-
gators still have exactly three
tangible clues-a water-logged
Evening star., 1960-02-28

found friends here; people so
convinced he is being prosecuted
that they have put up money to
help him support his wife and
eight children during frequent
periods of unemployment.
Friends point to Sittler's post
war record, which they say is
marked by repentance and good
works. They argue that it's time
to forgive and forget.
Arguments pro and con will be
aired here next month before a
judge of the United States District
Court. The issue to be decided:
Shall Sitter be permitted to re-
gain American citizenship?
Sitter, who went to Germany
as a 21-year old student in 1887,
says that after years of trial and
error he is ready. this time in
full consciousness. to take the
oath Of allegiance"
L. N. Duberstein, executive
director of the Jewish War Vet
Grams in New York, sees things
differently. He doesn't belong
in the United States" says Duber-
stein.
The case OF Edward Sittler is
unique in many ways. Still, it
embraces questions which have a
broad application:
Evening star., 1960-02-28

which would dilute their strength.
But the big-county legislators
were surprised and angered when
10 of Baltimore's 36 delegates
voted against the Walsh bill and
2 declined to vote. For this
they could thank big, bespectacled
James H. Jack" Pollack, long
time political boss of Northwest
Baltimore.
Mr.. Pollack said he didn't like
the Walsh plan because it didn't
do enough for Baltimore. But not
many legislators accepted that ex-
planation for an alliance between
city and rural forces which over
the years have battled through
the Legislature.
PoIIock's Motives
Some thought Mr.. Pollack was
trying to show his strength to
put himself in better bargaining
position for future patronage jobs
for his organization. Others
thought he was trying to en-
barass Gov. Tawes who had in
dorsed the Walsh bill.
Many legislators laid the de-
feat at the door of the Governor
himself. They said he didn't work
hard enough for passage of the
bill.
In fact, there were reports-all
denied-that some administrative
leaders were against the reap
portionment bill and that, while
giving it lip service in public,
Evening star., 1960-02-28
FGHT FOR CITIZENSHIP
An Ex-Nazi: Is Reform Comp|ete?

Ohio. on May II. 1916. His
ancestry was German and Asa,
tan. His father, clergyman, was
for many years the president Of
the Ohio Synod of the United
Lutheran Church.
After his sophomore year at
Ohio State, Sitter went to Ger
many to study at the Berlin State
Conservatory and the universities
of Tuebingen and Berlin. Since.
returning here. he has earned q
Phi. D. degree from Northwestern
University, over the protests Of
his opponents.
Sittler's academic credentials
are all in order Furthermore, the
quality of his teaching was not
an issue at any of the three
schools which ousted him because
of his past: Northwestern, Michf-
gan College of Mining and Tech
nology at Houghton. and Post
College.
Even after accepting Sittler's
resignation, Admiral Conolly said
the professors discharge of duty
as teacher in the classrooms
was excellent and his conduct On
campus was irreproachable."
In the light of these circum-
stances. the American Association
of University Professors disclosed
last week that special investi-
eating committee will be sent to
Post College to determine whether
Sitter was denied academic free
dom.
Sitter Joined the Nazi party
several years after the outbreak
of war but says he never partici-
pated in party activities. Of the
Nazi's determination of the Jews,
he says:
Had I known then what we all
know now, nothing would have
persuaded me to associate myself
in even the most nominal way with
a program which could end under
the stigma of such atrocities"
Sitter says that after the war,
he told American authorities
everything about his wartime ac-
tivities because he felt all Germans
shared a guilt which required a
full disclosure of what had hap
pened there.
Now, as he tries to regain
citizenship, Sitter says:
What is it that my enemies
would have of me? In my search
for truth and right I have COM
mitted errors I have learned
from these errors and paid con-
siderably for them beyond my
desire to lend all my human and
family efforts and resources to the
cause Of justice and understanding
in our perplexed modern world,
what more can l do?"
Evening star., 1960-02-28
BY FRANK FORMER
Associated Press star Writer

NEW YORK.-Ten days before
the suicide Of Adolf Hitler, a young
Nazi propagandist from Ohio bor-
rowed the uniform of an SIS Off
Ger and fed from beleaguered
Berlin.
Racing ahead Of the advancing
Russians, and toward the advanc-
ing Americans, Edward Vieth Sit
tier thought he was witnessing the
end Of World War II. For Sitter,
however, the war may never end.
A native American who gave up
his citizenship to work for Hitler's
Germany, Sitter is back in the
United States now-haunted by
the past.
The ghosts that pursue him date
from the time when he was one Of
the top English-speaking commen-
tators of the German Radio Corp.
At that time his voice was heard
regularly in this country as Your
Nazi Commentator"
A Justice Department official
said last week that had Sitter not
become a German citizen in 1910,
he would have been one of the
prime treason defendants Of the
postwar years-in a class with
Axis Sally, Lord Haw Haw, Doug
las Chandler and Robert H. Best.
Hos Friends, Too
Sitter was brought back to the
United States in 1946 to testify in
the treason trials. Since then he
has found enemies who have never
let him forget his wartime service
to the Third Reich. He has been
fired from a succession of teach
ing jobs in colleges and univer-
sites. Repeated efforts have been
made to get him deported.
On the other hand, Sittler has
Evening star., 1960-02-28

Homburg hat, an umbrella with
out q handle and . pair of gray
trimmed glasses.
From questioning members Of
the judges family. his associates
and the strangers who tried to
befriend him, investigators have
pieced together this picture Of
the Judge and how he spent Oc-
tober 26:
For the past two months the
57-year-old juriSt had become in
creasingly depressed about his
work. One of the few judges now
on the bench who learned law
without finishing college, he had
progressed from an Indiana cir
cult court to Federal district
court and-in 1957-to the ap-
pellate bench. His fellow judges
said he wrote sound opinions but
intimateS found him growing
fearful that his opinions might
be reversed by the Supreme Court.
He also had expressed concern
about his health and had received
80 pep pills" from his physician
four days before his disappear
ance. He was supposed to take
only two day but the bottle was
empty when it was found in his
apartment after the disappear
ance.
The Doy Of October 26
On the morning Of October 26,
he remained in bed later than
usual, complained of feeling i'll
and didn't take his customary
short walk to the courthouse until
after lunch. In the afternoon he
sat with two other judges at a
hearing on a minor case.
He left the courthouse about
4:20 pm. after telling his secre-
tary that he was going to the
Drake Hotel for a haircut and to
buy a birthday present for his
wife. The hotel was on his route
home but he didn't go there di-
rectly. -...
Instead, he went to a bar, where
Evening star., 1960-02-28
A Red Mans Fight
For V Justice
BY JAMES H. HAYES
Star stan Writer

Geronimo's great-great grand
son is sharpening his scalping
knife for the hombres who make
television Westerns.
He's Clarence Wesley, At, an Ari-
zona cattleman and full-blooded
Apache by birth. But he's a
bureaucrat too, being newly
elected president of the 60-tribe
National Congress Of American
Indians. AS such he's worried
about the distorted image Of In
dians which Americans are get
ting on their TV screens.
Even my own kids are learning
a warped version of history" he
complained on a recent visit.
They cheer when the redskins
attack the wagon train-but
they're beginning to realize that
we never win the battles"
The trouble, Mr.. Wesley be-
lieves, lies with writer's and pro-
ducers who know nothing of In
dian life or history and find it
easier to deal in stereotypes than
to search for the truth.
He doesn't agree, however, with
the Oklahoma tribesmen who last
month demanded that the Federal
Government - Congress or the
Federal Communications Commits
sion-intervene to cut down the
number of TV red men biting the
dust.
Suggests Advisory Group
with all this payola mess" he
says, I'm opposed to bothering
the industry with any more red
tape. But I do believe the Indian
tribes could set up an informal
national committee to consult
with television and movie makers
and keep their wagons on the
right track.
"Its too late to rewrite the
winning of the West, but we
could help cut out such ridiculous
errors as picturing Apaches in
Sioux war bonnets or having
Cheyennes shout their battle cries
in Spanish"
AS the father Of 7 avid young
television fans. Mr.. Wesley is par
ticularly disturbed by the brutal
ity attributed to Indian characters
In most of today's plays.
He admitted his Chiricuhua
Apache ENTHUSIASTICALLY the
willy Geronimo-were cold-blood-
ed, vengeful fighters. But he in
sists his tribes most savage acts
were in retaliation for barbarities
of the United States Cavalry.
Take the Mexican Spring mas
sacre," Mr.. Wesley pointed out.
The blue coats invited q band Of
Apaches to a peace talk. They fed
our people, filled them UP with
Evening star., 1960-02-28
BY PAUL HOPE
Star Stah Writer

Maryland's suburban counties
apparently will have to watch their
population grow and their proper
ton of State representation shrink
at least for while longer.
But the ghost of a dead re-
apportionment bill, which would
have given them additional rep
resentation, promises to return to
haunt the rural county execution
ers who killed it last week.
Representation in Maryland's
General Assembly is based on an
antiquated formula adopted in
1867. 1t provides for two members
in the House of Delegates for
counties having less than $4,000
population; three delegates for
those up to $4,000; four for coun-
ties up to 10000; five for those up
to $4,000, and six for $4,000 or
more.
The old formula gave rural
counties control of the General
Assembly, a position they have
jealousy guarded.
The Post-Wor Boom
The tremendous postwar pop
ulation boom in the Washington
and Baltimore suburbs have re-
suited in four suburban counties
Montgomery, Prince Georges,
Baltimore and Anne Arundel
having 43 per cent of the States
81 million population but only
about 19 per cent of the member
ship Of the House of Delegates.
Montgomery County's $4,000
people and Prince Georges $40, 900
watched with envy as their neigh
bors in growing Northern Vir-
ginia got increased representation
through eapportionment of the
Virginia legislature eight years
ago. A delegate in Prince Georges
County. which has the maximum
Of six delegates. represents So 900
people while one in little Calvert
County in Southern Maryland.
which has two, represents $500.
To correct the inequity to a
small degree, gubernatorial
study commission last year rec
commended modest reapportion-
ment plan which became known
as the Walsh bill in the General
Assembly. 1t would have increased
House membership from 1913 to
14l and given eight additional
delegates to the four suburban
counties, which now have six each.
1t also would have given the four
counties and several other grow
ing ones the prospect of getting
more until the 18 new seats we're
all taken. The Senate, in which
there is one representative from
each county and six from Balti-
more City, would have remained
as it is.
To get the support of Baltimore,
which has Jared pretty we'll in
representation through the years,
the Walsh bill was revised to give
the city two more delegates to
add to its present 36.
Last week, the rural counties.
with an unexpected assist from a
Baltimore political boss whose mo-
tives were obscure. managed to
defeat the Walsh bill in the House
of Delegates.
Lock Of Enthusiasm
Despite appeals to "stateman-
ship" and principle" no one
really expected the rural counties
to be enthusiastic about a bill
Evening star., 1960-02-28
Lack Of Enthusiasm

Despite appeals to "stateman-
ship" and principle" no one
really expected the rural counties
to be enthusiastic about a bill
Evening star., 1960-02-28
Maryland Urban Areas LoseFight
But NotWor on Reopportionment

actually were knocking it in
private.
Gov. Tawes, who comes from
Somerset County on the Eastern
Shore where opposition to reap
portionment is heavy, said he
pushed the bill as hard as he
could. But many of the big county
legislators said the Governor did
not go all out.
Eostern Shore Position "
Aside from a desire to hold on
to legislative power they now
possess. there is another big rea-
son for opposition to reapportien-
ment from the Eastern Shore and
other counties on the Chesapeake
Bay. The Bay. with its wealth Of
seafood, provides a living to a
large number of residents. And
they are constantly fearful that
the "city boys" will turn their
Bay into a sportsman's paradise
to the detriment of the CONNER
cial fishermen.
Many legislators felt the rural
areas would have been well ad-
vised to have accepted the Walsh
bill. and they are saving its defeat
will haunt the rural legislators.
No Jurisdiction would have lost
any delegates under the Walsh
bill, and the big counties really
wouldn't have gained a great deal.
But acceptance of it undoubtedly
would have brought peace on the
reaprortionment issue for many
years.
The big-county legislators are
not likely to settle again for bill
which would have done so little
to correct the inequities. The next
time, they warned, it is going to
be true reapportionment" pro-
posal based strictly on population.
Under straight population
formula, the rural counties would
take a tremendous loss in voting
strength.
Proponents of reapportionment
are still trying to breathe life into
the reapportionment issue at the
current session. But still under
consideration and appearing TO
gain support in the waning days
of the session is another bill which
would achieve reapportionment
through a constitutional conven-
tion.
Rural legislators have always re-
sisted the convention method
which would throw the issue COM
pletely open-not tie it down to
a modest program like the Walsh
bill. Other legislators hesitate to
have a convention called on reap
portionment because there would
be no limit on what other areas
of the constitution the convention
could 60 into. o..
Some Action Foreseen
But by some method, reappor-
tionment eventually will come to
Maryland as it has to nearly all
other States in the last 20 years.
Soon there will be other suburban
fringe counties-Howard, Charles.
Hartford. St. Marys, Cecil-which
will be getting stronger feeling
of inferiority in Annapolis as their
populations rise.
Candidates running for State
wide Offices look to the big coun-
ties for a large percentage of their
votes. With more and more coun-
ties growing, the voice of the pop.
ulous areas will carry more polit-
ical weight. The refusal of DEM
ocratic legislators to carry out the
party platform pledge of 1858 is
likely to rankle for long time.
Evening star., 1960-02-28

with the der-developed nations
Of the world"
Mr.. Garry, q former presi-
dent Of the Indian Congress who
recently announced his intention
to seek the Democratic nomina-
ton to the United States Senate
from Idaho, added:
1--WE are not asking for special
treatment, but we believe that
justice demands the honest por-
trayal of the Indians rich con-
tribution to American life"
Justice N. B. johnson Of the
Oklahoma Supreme Court. a
Cherokee active in the affairs of
his tribe points out:
THE time has come when the
Indian can no longer be regarded
as q painted, feathered clown.
Unfortunately, television is pre-
serving that impression in the
public mind"
Evening star., 1960-02-28

f1rewater and then slaughtered
men, women and children with
hidden guns. They beheadded a
number of the victims to get
bloody evidence Of their victory
for their colonel.
1--WE Apaches never scalped our
enemies"
I'VE Lived in Peoce"
"Our people got along we'll with
the first settlers" says Mr.. Wesley,
recalling tribal history passed
down the generations in song and
campfire story.
1--WE told the white man where
to find good water and grass for
his horse. We wanted to live in
peace on our land; but we were
crowded into war"
In more than a half-century Of
sporadic fighting Mr.. Wesley's
tribe-now known as the San
Carlos Apache-lost all but 1.6
million acres of its vast domain
on Arizona's eastern border. The
tribes best-known leader, Cochise,
made an honorable peace with the
United States in 1886 after hold
ing a vastly superior Army force
at bay for a decade.
The Arizonan's criticisms of
TVS treatment of Indians are
echoed by responsible tribal lead
ers across the Nation.
Joseph R. Garry, a Occur
d'Alene Indian and member Of
the Idaho House of Representa-
tives. claims the "characteriza-
ton Of Indians as savages can do
much to undermine the position
of the United States In dealing
Evening star., 1960-02-28
A COMPLICATED LEGAL PROBLEM
Case Of the Missing Judge

front, but 1t was on Chlcagos
South Side, 8 miles away from
the Drake Hotel. A study Of wind
direction showed the wind could
have blown 1t that distance but
there was also the possibility that
someone had picked it UP near
the Drake and abandoned it on
the South Side.
A woman found the judges eye
glasses near the Drake Hotel end
of an underpass leading to lake
front beach. And, finally, city
surveyor picked up the umbrella
without a handle along the sea
wall 80 yards from the beach
entrance to the underpasS at the
other end of which the glasses
had been found. The handle that
the judge had abandoned in the
other underpass fitted this UNI
brella.
The search then focused on the
stretch Of seawall where the
umbrella without a handle had
been picked up. But the hat could
not be ignored. So every part of
the 9-mile lake front had to be
searched.
The scant evidence points to the
lake at a point near the Drake
Hotel. Chicago police say that
most drowning victims come to
the surface close to where they
went in. There is no changing
tide. no swift current to carry a
body far distance. But the lake
front is a maze of obstacles and
breakwaters which could trap
body and which do hamper drag
ging operations.
Police also point out that the
lake is so cold during the winter
that bodies don't decompose as
rapidly. Therefore, they say,
bodies frequently don't rise to the
surface until the warmer weather
Of the spring speeds decomposi-
ton.
Did He Fall Into Loke?
While theories center around
the lake they don't explain how
the judge got there-if he got
there. Did he fall as he walked
toward home along the seawall?
Was he overcome by feelings of
dependency? Or was he pushed?
Suppose he isn't there. He
could have been kidnapped but
there has been no ransom de-
mand. He could have been killed
elsewhere for revenge but a study
Of his opinions back to his district
court days so far has failed to
uncover such a motive. He could
have wanted to disappear but,
unlike Judge Crater, he had made
no sizable bank Withdrawals and
he couldn't go far without getting
another pair of eyeglasses. He
could have been an amnesia vic
tim, as his son suggested early
in the investigation, but his pic
ture has appeared all over the
country and no one has come for
ward. And he did carry identifi-
cation in his wallet.
Meanwhile, the Administrative
Office Of United States Courts,
after consulting the General Ac-
counting Office, has stopped the
judges pay checks and is now
paying an annuity to his wife. II
he returns, he will collect the back
pay minus the annuity.
So the pay problem has been
solved. The mystery of the disap-
pearance may be solved in the
spring or it may never be solved
at all. Senator Dirksen and his
co-sponsors hope to solve the
problem Of providing another
Judge for the seventh circuit in
the near future-now that they've
figured out how to solve it.
Evening star., 1960-02-28

How should the defeated enemy
be treated, Is years after We day?
Should his past disqualify him
from employment by a school
otherwise satisfied with his abil-
ity as a teacher?
Admiral Richard L. Conolly a
war hero who is president of Long
Island University, issued this
statement last December Is:
Il believe that a man, or
nation, should have the oppor-
tunity to repent. mend his ways
and rise again."
Admiral Conolly was talking
about Edward Sitter. The ad-
miral was under strong pressure
to fire .Sittler from a job as as
sociate professor of English and
German literature at c. w. Post
College, branch of LIU at
Brookeville, N. Y.
Rejecting the pressures. Ad-
miral Conolly said, The attacks
on this individual under the cir
cumstances have seemed like per-
secution to me-"
Role as Broodcoster
Within "a hours, however, Ad-
miral Connolly requested-and re-
ceived-Sittler's resignation. The
admiral indicated later that he
acted after learning about the
professors role in Station De-
bunk"
Debunk was a sleaZy propa-
ganda show which emanated from
Berlin under the guidance of Her
bert John Burgman. a renegade
American now in prison for trea-
son.
Billing itself as The Station of
All Free Americans, Debunk
made a f1imsy pretense of oper-
ating from the Middle West.
Many of the broadcaSts began
with the singing of Garry Me
Back to Old Virginny." The
singer was Edward Sitter.
This was the first propaganda
program in which Sitter per-
formed regularly before a micro
phone; he had been a newsroom
translator for two years before
being assigned to Debunk for five
months in 1912.
One purpose of the Debunk
broadcasts was to spread false
rumors, like the tale that a famous
generals limousine had ploughed
through group of GIs.
Fother Was Clergyman
At the Burgman trial. Sittler
testified he told his bosses that
Debunk was ineffective propa-
ganda, a waste of money. In any
event. after five months Debunk
continued without him.
Sittler was born in q laware,
Evening star., 1960-03-20
The Front Cover

Yes, the colorfully garbed gentle
man pictured on the cover really is
a Baptist minister-but he's also
an Indian chief. He is o. T. Custa-
low of Virginia's Mattaponi tribe,
and he was ordained just a few
weeks ago. See Star Dust, !" above,
and "Tomahawk In the Pulpit"
on pages 10 and IL.