davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-10-20
Cleorinq the Track

There are two good reasons for
grati1cation that railroad management
and labor have agreed to submit their
long work-rules controversy to Presi-
Dental study commission. The flrSt is
that this agreement virtually eliminates
any threat of a strike against the major
carriers before 1862, at the earliest. The
second lies. in the prospect that care
full and objective examination Of this
involved issue win lead to a much
needed and mutually acceptable mod
ernization Of regulations that are OUT
dated and unduly costly in their appli-
cation.
BY terms Of the agreement, for
which Secretary Of Labor Mitchell is
entitled to great credit, the commission
will have fifteen members-f1ve each to
be nominated by management and labor
and i've to be chosen by the President
from outside the railroad industry. The
commission will begin work in early
January, with it's first reporting date
on December /, 1861, but with the privi-
lege Of deferring this for an additional
90 days. Although it was agreed that the
boards recommendation will not be
binding point won by the labor side
as its principal asking price for accept
ing the commission plant was ac-
knowledged by all that the probable
weight of public opinion will make it
difncult for either party to refuse ac-
ceptance. Actually, by giving the COM
mission authority to mediate as well as
to study, it is hoped to eliminate dis
agreements before final recommenda-
tionS are made.
For the carriers, the work-rule issue
has been building UP for many years
and now involves some operating prac-
tices that date back as far as 1919. In
duStry estimates that the needless yearly
cost OF what 1t terms feather-bedding
requirements runs as high as $500 mil
lion. Labor, in turn, has defended some
OF these requirements as essential to
operating safety and has even succeeded
in having some of them embodied in
State safety laws. The five operating
brotherhoodS, the only unions involved
in this case, also make no secret of their
concern about displacement of labor
through chronological improvements in
railroad operations.
Wherever the area of settlement
exists, it has been obvious that it could
not be defined during periods of con-
tract negotiation with accompanying
strike threats and emergency headlines.
Thus, the presidential commission will
have an opportunity to render a great
service, not only to troubled industry
but to the national economy as whole.
AT the same time the railroad brother
hoods have provided an example Of
responsible labor craftsmanship that
could be followed profitably in other
areas.
Evening star., 1960-10-20

said they were not Gin any
sense essential to the defense
of FormoSa." r
The truth of the matter is
that Mr.. Nixon has tried to
backtrack on his position.
During the third debate he
said he would defend the is
lands if they are attacked aS
part of a general attack on
Formosa. This is the position
that Kennedy has taken all
along in his support Of the
FormoSa resolution.
But Mr.. Nixon went on to
charge - and Mr.. Lincoln
echoes-that withdrawal Is
appeasement. This may be
an effective campaign argu-
ment, but it is not at all
legitimate.
This is the very policy the
Eisenhower administration
has been following since 1855.
We have been trying to get
Chang of the islands for at
least five years, and MIR.
Nixon has not been heard to
shout appeasement to Presi-
dent Eisenhower.
This type of delicate issue
should probably not be raised
in a political campaign, but
1t is now out in the open. Mr..
Nixon has taken two posi-
tions, both unsupported by
the most responsible military
and diplomatic testimony
available, and despite what
MIR. Hagerty says for the
President. both at odds with
the administration.
Donald w. Kramer.
II X y \
Constantine Browns Oc-
tober 13 column reflects the
time-worn proposition that
we lost China to communism
during the Truman era.
In l944-45 I was fighting
China's battles in the goth
Air Force. The big question
among our air crews was, II
forced down, should we sur
render to the Japanese or to
the Communists, both Of
which in 1914 had overrun
China. The conclusion was
that we should try to make
1t to the Red lines.
I've fought Chiang's bat
tleS-but not again, and this
specifically includes Quemoy
and MatSu.
John r. Franklin.
Evening star., 1960-10-20
QUEMOY-MATSU ISSUE.

In his October IS column
on the Quemoy-MatSu issue,
Gould Lincoln seems to have
overlooked many points of
the argument-both current
and historical.
He accurately states Sena-
tor Kennedy's position that
we should not draw our de-
tense line around Quemoy
and MatSu and that we
should urge Chang to evacu-
ate the islands. He does not
state Mr.. Nixon's views as
accurately however prob
ably because Mr.. Nixon has
two positions.
Originally. in the second
TV debate, the Vice President
said we should defend the
offshore islands as such and
as a matter of principle.
This is a more extreme posi-
ton than any ever taken, by
a responsible administration
spokesman.
When President Eisen-
hover asked for the passage
Of the Formosa resolution in
1855, he was very careful not
to draw the defense line
around the offshore islands.
He told Congress Il do not
suggest that the United
States enlarge its defensive
obligations beyond Formosa
and the PeScadores as pro-
vided by the treaty" After
the 1858 crisis. the late Sec
retary Dulles said THE situa-
ton is that we do not have
any legal commitment to de-
fend the offshore islands. We
do not want to make any
such commitment. We do not
have one today"
They did not want to make
the commitment then for the
same reason that Senator
Kennedy does not want to
make it today-the islands
are both indefensible and
worthless to our strategic
position.
II Mr.. Nixon wants to base
his stand on principle" he
will have difficulty justifying
1t on the basis of our past
action. In 1855 we helped the
NationaliSts evacuate another
group of offShore islands
the Tachens-when they were
under Communist attack.
Mr.. Nixon said nothing about
principle" then when Dulles
Evening star., 1960-10-20

only one Of number Of referenda to
be voted on) they will not be swayed by
narrow interests but viii consider the
fact that a nonpartisan commission,
two Governors and the General Assem-
blies Of Maryland and Virginia have
recommended the compact as means
of restoring ''peace on the Potomac"
Evening star., 1960-10-20
THE POLITICAL MILL
By GOULD LINCOLN Il !
condidotes TockIe the Cuban Crisis

Cuba has become q major
problem, not only for the
United States. but for the
other countries in this hemi-
sphere. Both Vice President
Nixon and Senator Kennedy
are advancing their ideas as
to what course should be
followed. Mr.. Nixon has
promised a breakdown on
Cuba, with the use Of strong
economic reprisals-indeed. q
Quarantine" on American
sales already has been pro-
claimed. Senator Kennedy has
promised strong action, too,
but has not specified Just
what he would do. Senator
Lyndon johnson. speaking in
New Orleans October IL,
thrust strongly at the Eisen-
hover administration's han.
ding of our relations with
Cuba and with other Latin
American countries. He also
advanced a four-pronged pro-
gram, which he said should
be put into effect II the
Democrats win the Presidency
on November 8. 4
JOhnsOn's Proposal
Senator Johnson's propo-
sails obviously look to Joint
action Of the countries Of this
hemiSphere-the Latin Amer!
ican countries and the United
States-to halt the spread Of
communism and to check
Cuba under Castro. Here Is
what he proposes: /. ReafIirm
that we are on the side Of
progress in Latin America.
I'VE must support, morally
and financially, the struggle
of our Latin American friends
against political, economic
and social injustice" 2. We
must revitalize our diploma
tic corps with ambassadors
who know and understand
our neighbors and their
language and who have quail
ifications other than con-
tributing to campaign (politi-
cab chests. 3. We must offer
to the people of Latin Amer
lea the very best technical
know-how which will help
them to develop their skills
and sell their own products
4. We should establish In the
Panama Canal Zone an
Inter-American Center for
the training Of government
administrators. There Is q
widespread need in Latin
America for such administra-
tors. This center would sup
ply that need. It could OPP
crate as part of the Organi-
Zation of American States
and would function COM
pletely as an inter-American
operation. 1t could be housed
on land made available in
the Canal Zone by the United
States and financed by 6 per
cent of the annual gross tolls
from the Panama Canal. Il
could be stated by personnel
from all the Americas. This
is a novel proposal-and it
could work.
The Eisenhower admins
tration. although charged by
Senator johnson and SEN
ator Kennedy with dragging
its feet, has not been indif-
ferent to the situation in
Latin America and Cuba. It's
policy has been to gain the
support of the other Latin
American countries in the
effort to deal firmly with the
Suread of communism, espe-
cially in Cuba. The President
last summer proposed q $500
million fund for a program
of assistance in improving
the economy and the techni-
cal development of Latin
American countries which
needed aid. Congress has au-
thorized such a program. but
has not yet appropriated any
money for it.
Obviously. whoever be-
comes President as a result
of the approaching election
will take steps to improve
conditions in Latin America.
Evening star., 1960-10-20

The problems Of Cuba and
additional aid to Latin Amer
lea have crowded their way
into the presidential CAM
paign in q big way. The
Democrats seem, to feel, in
deed, that the Achilles heel
Of the Eisenhower admins
tration Is the Castro Commu-
nist-like dictatorship in Cuba.
Their presidential candidate,
Senator Kennedy, and their
vice presidential candidate,
Senator johnson, are doing
their best to prove that the
cause Of our troubles in Cuba,
and in some other Latin
American countries, lies in q
do-nothing policy Of the Ell
senhower administration to-
ward these countries Of the
Western Hemisphere.
It Is necessary, however, to
examine the record Of what
went on before the Eisenhower
administration took over.
World War II brought wealth
to these Latin American
countries. Markets for their
agricultural and mineral
products Immediately were
enormous. BY the end Of that
war, many Of these countries
possessed a great deal Of
money. This money was put
into many programs Of var
iouS kinds-and 1t was diSsi-
pated one way or another.
The United States was
pouring billions Of dollars
into the war-torn areas of
Europe, helping those nations
to rebuild their economy.
This was done under the
Marshall Plan. The Marshall
Plan did not extend to the
Latin American republics.
Later, we began to rearm,
and to strengthen the armed
forces Of our European allies.
More billions of dollarS-as
well as economic aid-was
poured out in that direction.
But not to the American re-
publicS.
Efforts by United States
For seven years. after the
close Of the war. the Truman
administration was in power.
What did 1t do about Latin
America? It did virtually
what the Eisenhower admin
istration has been doing. And
all that time, as well as dur
ing the Eisenhower admins
tration, Communist infiltra-
ton was on the move, in
South and Central America.
It's not new.
What has been done by
the United States in Latin
American countries in the
Truman years and in the
Eisenhower years? Economic
aid has taken the form of
export import loans and of
large American private in
vestments. Not all the govern
mentS of the Latin American
countries were friendly to the
United States during the
Roosevelt and Truman ad-
ministrationS, although the
Democrats seek to convey that
impression in their attacks on
Mr.. Eisenhower. AS far as
the Cuban situation is con-
cerned, BatiSta, who for so
many years was the strong
man" Of that country, both
as dictator and as president,
was recognized by the Demo-
cratic administration. He took
Cuba into the Second World
War on the side Of the allied
nations, including the United
States. In 1852, when Batista
took over in Cuba again, his
government was recognized
by the United States. He gave
strong evidence that he was
opposed to Communist Russia
and the Communist Party.
The Castro revolt, it is now
abundantly clear, was aided
and abetted by the Comrnu-
niSts, who have, they believe,
now established a foothold on
the Western Hemisphere, with
Castro, Cuba'S latest dictator,
in their corner.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-27

women's Apparel. The bene-
At show is for children's
Christmas charities. Tickets
at the door.
Julius GarfincizeI = q Co.
iuncheon-fashion show bene-
At for the Naval Officers
Wives Club. Theme: 1.-THE
Perfect Gift" sheraton-Park
ball room at 2 pm open to
members and guests only.
SATURDAY
Hecht's informal modelling
during luncheon in the
Georgetown Restaurants.
downtown store. from IL to 2
pm.
Hecht's presents q Holiday
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-27

Fashion Show for. the Haw-
thorne Club at La Plata. Md.
at pm.
Washington Party. with
fashions from MIR. and Mrs.
Cornelius Bretsch's votrobe
Shop. staged in the Crystal
Room Of the Willard Hotel
from 1915 to 2:15 pm. by
Mrs. Gladstone williams.
From 3 to 5 pm, following
the show. an informal show
ing Of fashion and Christmas
gifts viii be on view in the
Executive Suite for shoppers.
For reservations call Miss
Polling In the banquet ofilce.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-27

tive hair styles by Ann Novel
from IL to Q pm. at Fran
cisco's Restaurant In Be-
thesda.
FRIDAY
Rizik's presents "HigF
Fashion Hostess" during
luncheon at the Sheraton
Carlton Hotel. At-home ana
party fashions will be pre-
scented by Rita Cover. Time:
1915 to 2:15 pm. Call the
naitre d. hotel for reserva-
tons in the Carlton Room.
Rockville Junior Chamber
Of Commerce Wives Club
presents "Strolling Through
Winter Wonderland FASH
IONS" The Jaycee wives are
going to model. A Katherine
Mizell presentation to ) be
held at $3.50 pm. at the
Broom Junior High School.
Rockville. Greta Stevens
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-27
IT'S A DATE


ton Elementary School. 3
pm. a fashion parade Of
gifts and holiday clothes
sponsored by the Caffolton
Players. Gift ideas from
Lady Fair. Fred's Mems Shop
and Waters Shoe Store. A
Sylvia Dewey show with hair
styles by Vincent 81 Vincent.
THURSDAY
Miss Harper shop fashions.
informally modelled by the
Phyllis Boddie Bethesda
Modelling Agency with fes-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-27
TOMORROW

i MarceIla Borshese's repre-
sentative, Elena Pinci. win be
at Julius Garilnckel q Co.
during the week with new
tips for holiday makeup to
make you glitter.
Mr.. Patrick, the talented
ihairstylist, will be at Jelleff's
beauty salon through De-
,cember 10 with plenty Of new
holiday hairdos for the fes-
'tivities ahead.
Hecht's will have informal
modelling during luncheon in
their elegant Georgetown
Restaurants from noon to 2
pm.
TUESDAY
Gothic Ball Gown collec-
ton at 8 pm. at Julius Gar
Mnckel & Co. In the couturier
salon.
WEDNESDAY,
Gartenhaus Furs modelled
informally at the Eighteenth
street and Columbia ruad
INV. salon from 6 to 8 pm.
each Wednesday with re-
freshments served.
Holiday Fashions, Carol
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-27
Sears
Will
Replace
Your
Glasses

Dr. M Mercury and Dr. Harold Tabershaw attendance
Sears Wisconsin Ave-; DIR. Henry Felden and Dr. L. W.
Kehner attendance Alabama Ave- Optical Dept Remember
Sears will replace your glasses Free lenses and frames purchased
from Optical Dept replaced free of charge they become
broken within year from date of purchase fitted
Optical Depts only Wisconsin
md bnmdA Arr Stores
Evening star., 1960-03-18
Felony Record
Arrest Upset

A man cannot be arrested
solely because he has a past
felony record, the Municipal
Court Of Appeals ruled yester-
day.
The court thus reversed the
conviction of Joseph v. Jones,
29. stating that his arrest on a
lettering charge was not valid
because Of insufficient evidence.
Jones. who at that time lived
in the unit block of Hanover
street NV, was sentenced to
90 days in jail last July "a by
Municipal Court Judge Mildred
Reeves.
Second Precinct Pvts. Paul
L. McEwen and Franklin Bel
ton arrested Jones for vagrancy
after they saw him walking
down the street during the noon
hour carrying a brown paper
bag.
The policemen said they
knew the man to be a convicted
thief and narcotic user and
followed him believing the
paper bag contained stolen
property.
During the trial in the lower
court the officers testified that
Jones was walking close to q
Evening star., 1960-03-18

building and that when he
turned and recognized the DO
lice officers he ran for an en-
tranceway Of a house in the
100 block of Fifth street NV.
where he was arrested by the
police.
The brown paper bag con-
tanned four jars Of candles, the
police found.
Jones said that he was on
his way to give the candles
to his brother for a birthday
party. police said. but he
couldn't tell the police the
date of his brothers birthday.
Both officers had testified
they made no prior formal
vagrancy observations on Jones.
They we're not aware of any
property reported stolen which
was similar to the contents of
the bag. they said.
The Municipal Court Of Ap-
peals said in its opinion that
there was no evidence, Jones
was lettering or prowling and
said the fact he was a con-
victed felon standing alone did
not make a case.
Evening star., 1960-03-18
Bakers Rebels
Ask Court OK
To Inspect Books

Insurgent local officers of
the Bakery and Confectionery
Workers International Union
yesterday asked Federal Dis
trict Court here for authority
to inspect and copy the unions
records from January /, 1856,
to date.
The five rebels have filed
suit charging incorporation
Of funds by James G. Cross,
president of the union, and
Peter N. Olson, secretary
treasurer. The object of the
suit is a membership referen-
dunn on removing Mr.. Cross
and Mr.. Olson from office.
Defendants prior course of
conduct gives good cause to
believe that given sufficient
time. incriminating records
may be altered and incriminat-
ing documents destroyed" the
insurgents charged through
counsel.
The AFL-CIO expelled the
union on corruption charges
in 1857.
Evening star., 1960-03-18
FinuI Arguments
Due on MuiIino
Of Nude Photos

Opposing counsel were sched-
uled to make final arguments
today in the District Court trial
of a former philosophy instruc-
tor accused of sending nude pic
lures through the mail.
The defendant is Herman L.
Womack, 81, of the 1900 block
of Eighteenth street NV, who
is being tried on three counts Of
sending lewd pictures through
the mail. In addition he is
named in twenty-six counts of
sending circulars through the
mail telling how pictures could
be obtained.
Mr.. Womack went on trial
before a jury last Monday.
Judge Alexander Holtzon, who
is presiding at the trial, indi-
Gated he would send the case
to the jury with final instruc-
tions next Monday.
The defense rested its case
yesterday. Defense attorney
Stanley M. Dietz contends the
pictures are not lewd or obscene.
He called on two psychiatrists
and two psychologists to testify
for the defense. The four wit
nesSes expressed the view that
Evening star., 1960-03-18

/ Iofienders-about Q per cent Of
the criminal population-are
segregated. the public will 60
for shorter sentences"
Cites Judge BazeIOn
The NPPA director classed
David L. Bazelon of the United
States Court of Appeals here
as a real thinker" on the cor
rectionar problem.
In a lecture at Brandeis Uni
versity at Waltham, Mass,
Tuesday night, the jurist urged
"top-to-bottom rethinking" in
criminal law, urging a change
in emphasis from punishment
to rehabilitation.
In line with this. Mr.. Rector
said study still under way has
shown that four metropolitan
cities in this country spend
about $4.5 million annually for
juvenile detention services.
This same study has shown
that, with fully stated correc-
ton Offices, this cost could be
cut to SIS million. This could
be done, Mr. Rector added, by
gearing sentencing to the in
dividual criminal - possible
only through analysis of the
individual by adequate num-
bers of parole and probation
officers working with the
courts.
Evening star., 1960-03-18

Section of the Districts Health
and Welfare Council. William
r. Fleming, superintendent OF
the Workhouse division of the
Districts Department of Cor
rections, received an award for
his leadership in the field of
corrections.
Mr.. Rector said the Nations S
courts and law enforcement
officials have failed to stem
the tide of delinquency and
crime" and said the natural
result has been growing public
Illustration.
Ford Foundation Grant
He warned that punishment
alone never decreased crime, 4"
suggesting that laymen be made
to realize this through direct
Evening star., 1960-03-18

contact with problems existing
in the field of criminal cor
rection.
He added that the Ford
Foundation has given the
NPPA a grant of more than 81
million to start a citizen par
ticipation program in the cor
rections field. Any community
interested may contact NPPA.
which will offer its help, he
said.
Mr.. Rector said one reform
measure that can cut down on
the cost of correctional facili-
ties would be shorter sentences
for those criminals who aren't
claSsed as dangerous Offend
ers." He expressed his convic-
ton that once the dangerous
Evening star., 1960-03-18

the pictures are not obscene iA
normal or average adults.
The former philosophy In
structor, MFR. Womack. had
taught here at George WASH
ington and Howard universities.
He operates a printing busi-
ness.
Evening star., 1960-03-18
Falls Church Dance

The Ladies Auxiliary of the
Jefferson Volunteer Fire De-
partment will hold a dance from
$3.50 pm. to / am. tomorrow in
the flrehouse, Woodley road and
Hodge place, Falls Church, Va.
Evening star., 1960-03-18
Public Urged to Soften
Punishment for Crimes

The director of the National Probation and Parole Assoc
alton yesterday urged effort to change the public attitude
toward criminal offenders.
Milton Rector Of River Edge N j. suggested that greater
citizen participation in the field Of criminal correction would
be the best course leading to such a change.
Mr. Rector spoke at luncheon of Corrections
Evening star., 1960-06-15
Office Building
Approved by RIA

The Redevelopment Land
Agency today approved a re-
quest by Webb & Knapp to
build an eight-story Office build
ing in the firms Southwest
Town Center project.
Webb & Knapp wants to build
the Office building g astride
Fourth street S.W. early in 1861
The Town Center site is
bounded by Third, Sixth, I and
M streets S.W.
In separate action, the RIA
approved in principle" the
construction of a cooperative
apartment project in the South
west near Fort McNair. The
Washington real estate firm OF
Shannon & Luchs is the spon-
Isor of the project.
Evening star., 1960-06-15
COLLAPSE
II HospitoIized
After Fall Into Pit

Old Mount Vernon road. Alex
andria, construction superin-
tendent, who suffered a cut
forehead; Peter johnson, so
of 1872 Nineteenth street NE.
a shoulder injury Jack Clark
Al, of 6l04 Kolb street NE.
right knee injury; Henry James
SIS, of It'll West Virginia ave-
nue. NE, jaw, stomach and left
leg injuries; Hudson McCrea
Al, of 1923 Columbia stree
NV, leg injury, and Olli'
johnson, A. of 41712 Twelfth
street NE, head injury.
Mr.. Clark said his group o1
about 10 men we're pouring
concrete on the first floor wher
it apparently gave way and HI
fell some % feet into the base.
ment. He said fresh concrete
came down on top of him.
Ollie Johnson, who also fel
into the basement, said HI
would have drowned in thu
mixture of rainwater and fresh
concrete IF I had lost contro
of myself"
He said he held his breath
until he could get out. HI
estimated his. fall at II feet.