davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-08-24
LETTERS TO THE STAR
View of Political ReoIists at Work

ten describes commerce" as
means trade, commerce,
transportation, transmission,
or communication among the
several States or from any
State to any place outside
thereof" This in itself is an
extremely broad interpreta-
ton Of the Commerce Clause;
but see how the Kennedy Ian
guage would stretch that. He
starts by adding activity af-
fecting commerce" then de-
scribes this wide-open express
sion includes any activity,
business, or industry in COM
merce or necessary to COM
merce or to the production of
goods for, or the distribution
OF goods in commerce. Ken
nedy's approach. if it passes
the House. and is signed by
the President. will when ac-
companied by his definition
of enterprise" place the
main street business Of Amer
lea under the control of the
Federal Government. 1t will,
in my opinion, place intra-
state business in the same
category as interstate busi-
ness, and will thereby destroy
one more balance of power so
necessary to our Republic
that which exists between the
State and the Central Gov
ernment.
This control from Wash
ington was the part of the
bill the leaders of labor
wanted above all else. They
would have accepted prac-
tically any exemption rather
than see these two parts re-
Yl10Vnd This nantro1 ,oor,ar
Evening star., 1960-08-24
COMMUNIST MENACE
To Meet 1t We Must Understand 1t

The toloOng article Is digest OF speech before th
Veterans of Foreign Wars
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1960-09-08
triotic white male citizens. "

triotic white male citizens.
They are the most vigorous seq
regationists in the nation.
Lewis said he wrote them be-
cause they oppose violence and
they "try to attack on a factual
rather than an emotional basis"
Lewis said some of the mate
rial sent to him sis some of the
most contemplate stuff you
ever saw" but that he was i'm
pressed by the white citizens
councils material because it
proposed to fight only on legal
grounds.
Lewis opinion is not widely
shared in the North. The Rev.
Harold E. Fey, editor of the
influential Christian Century
non UNCONVENTIONAL w e e k ly
published in Chicago, has llk-
ened the rise of the councils
in Mississippi to the growth of
Nazism in Germany.
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1960-09-08

"They are moving in the d.
rection taken by Nazism in Ger
many" DR.. Fey stated, (which
first defied, nullified, and over
threw the authority of the
courts, then went on to displace
other functions of government.
BY intimidation and violence,
they are beginning that process
in Mississippi"
And there, fellow dixie darl-
ings, you have it! Already we
have ourselves, and that's the
important thing, and now we
have been sought out and asked
for help by Deerfield, a YAM
kee town which, obviously, was
one of many that failed to lis
ten in 1860 to our voice. WAL,
now they know!
Take heart, dear southern
souls, for we are on the move.
The direction? Who cares about
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1960-09-08

the direction! We have our
leaders-we have Flubbo fau-
bus. Jungle Gem eastland, and
Buster Boy barnett-and that's
not all. either.
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1960-09-08

We feel it in our bones, in
the very air we breathe, in our
hearts, and in our souls-Yep,
Vail, TOM ROW THE
WORLD!
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1960-09-08
The World
Continued from Page u

Continued from Page u
regationists in Mississippi for
help.
Lewis wrote on Dec. 16 to the
Association of Citizens Coun-
ellis, Greenwood, Miss. He told
of the poll in Deerfield by his
group which showed 460 favor
ing the integrated project and
3,507 opposed.
Lewis said in the letter that
there is little sincerity on the
part of either major political
party in advocacy of integra-
ton, because each is trying to
outbid the other for Negro
votes.
Here's What Lewis
Stated In Letter
Lewis letter then stated this:
ut has been most difficult,
almost impossible, to get an
even break from news media in
the reporting of our Deerfield
problem.
"As you probably observed,
crushing pre- sSure is being
brought to bear on us by church
groups and many other organi-
cations seeking to impose in
slant and compulsory integral
ton.
'In spite of all this, the Deer
field citizenry has thus far re-
NAMED united and determined
to resist at any cost. I only
hope that nothing will happen
to change its mind.
would imagine that deter
mined resistance would be cas-
Ter to maintain in the South
than in the North, although the
consequences of defeat would be
far more devastating.
cat least you do not have to
fight your political leaders and
ministers and newspapers to the
extent we must up here.
amy support that you can
give us will be most helpful. A
little encouragement now and
then can be strong medicine for
an embattled village.
"The technique being en-
ployed by the (builders) is
based upon a stealthy approach
to a community, a conspiracy
to deceive its government and
residents until it is too late and
then marshaling of great pres
sure to force compliance.
Feel Obligation
To Other Areas
eve in Deerfield feel an OBJ
legation to other helpless COM
munities to defeat this project |
lest it become an approved |
technique for the destruction of !
other communities. We shall do
our best.
"In the meantime, if it is
possible to raise a few promi-
nent voices in our behalf, we
shall be forever indebted to
you"
White citizens councils in |
the South are made up of "pa-
The Petal paper. [volume] (Petal, Miss.) 1953-19??, 1960-09-08

YES. HOW ELSE but by railroad could the giant steel
tank pictured above measuring 32 feet in length 7h feet
in diameter and weighing 189, 200 pounds be shipped?
It's the old story When there's really man-sized
transportation job to be DONE there's still just form OF
transportation that always be depended upon to do the
task - the railroads.
For in contrast to subsidized competitors who can
pick and choose what they haul the Southern like all rail-
roads is true common carrier We anyone at any
time for any freight that must be moved be it large small
or in between. And in any weather, too!
Evening star., 1960-03-20
@uiz z'En
Questions
from the news
by TOM HENRY

Aces =. Who icere named best actor and
actress of 1859 in poll Of newspaper,
brOadoGstiHg and magazine nuOUie critics.
Audrey Hepburn for her role in 'The
Nuns Story" and James Stewart for
his role in Anatomy of Murder"
&C., OVERLAND PARK, KAN.
Quick eUt n bGrberShoP in Ohio
GdUeniscs a penny haircut = but, there's
a catch" What is it9
Only if the penny was minted be-
tween 1870 and 1879.
-L.B.H., HELENA, ARK.
Drum bo0ss . Why has music been
made part of CT training in HdtcGii'
To get them in the mood for the
Jungle. Music from an ultra-modern
recording combO is said to duplicate
almost every sound soldier could ex-
pect to hear in the jungle.
IRWIN, OMDALE, CALF.
BGnssd Up =. What's in the future for
car buu.perS9
Disposable ones. They may consist
of laminated, honeycombed cardboard
coated with tar and thin metal skin -
can be thrown away when crumpled
and replaced. -v.D.N., DENVER
NOTE We will poy IS Tor question ond answer used in HIS
column QUesons bossd and clipping OF
news source accompany AddrsssI Tom Hen
THIS WEEK. as lexington Avenue. New Tor w. ~ T. Unoc-
cepied eonsdbvdons be acknowledged returned
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-05-02
Vatican Is Seen Cuttino
Priests Daily Prayers

priests in this country and the
$4,000 other priests elsewhere
in the world.
The Breviary consists OF
Psalms, canticles, hymns, ex-
tracts from almost all books OF
the Bible, brief lives of the
saints, sermons of the fathers
of the church, short prayers
and frequent repetition Of the
Lords Prayer.
Feast Reduction
The NCWC statement said
the Breviary will be shortened
partly by reducing the rank OF
several feaStS, or observances
to the category of simple teasts
FeaSts of higher rank take con-
siderably longer to say.
The Breviary dates from the
year HOO AID, when a major
abbreviation was made in the
office recited by priests. monks
and nuns throughout the
church. The Breviary was short
ened in 1912 and again in 1855
The Breviary, the great pub
lie prayer OF the Catholic
Church, is not so much a book
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-05-02

and Gov. Leroy Collins of Flor
ida, DR.. Miller said.
DR.. James A. Willard. jr., for
mer professor at Austin Semi
nary. Austin, Tex, was in
stalled as stated clerk Of the
Presbyterian Church, United
States. yesterday. He succeeds
DR.. E. c. Scott. who retired
after 26 years service.
Reports from a number OF
standing committees are on to-
days agenda. The AsSembly's
schedule calls for it to end
tomorrow.
The Sill voting commission
ers have approved a record
budget Of s9.456,230 for 1861
for Assembly boards and agen-
cies. voted to send to Presby-
terieS for vote two rewritten
sections of the book Of church
order and approved Is commit
tee reports.
The Assembly also has ap-
proved a statement deploring
the continued persecution of
Protestants in the Republic of
Colombia, South America.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-05-02
Meyner Urges
Novel Tax on
Commuters

TRENTON, N. j., May
(AP).-Gov. Robert B. Meyner
asked the New Jersey Legisla-
ture today TO enact a novel in
come tax only on commuters
between New York and New
Jersey.
The plan. in effect, would
claim taxes New Jerseyans
already pay to New York by
enacting a matching, reciprocal
tax.
The proposal is designed to
end what New Jersey calls
the inequity of its many COM
muters paying New York State
income tax If they work in New
York. New Jersey now has no
State income tax.
Gov. Meyner said the pro-
ceeds from his plan would be
used expressly for commuter
improvements. He said the plan
would cost commuters no more
than they are currently paying
and New JerSeyans would be-
gin to get benefits.
The plan is designed to siphon
from the New York State treas
ury an estimated SIS million
to $50 million a year, now being
paid by 10000 New Jerseyans
who work in New York.
New York State Tax Com
missioner Joseph H. Murphy
Immediately questioned the
plans constitutionality.
New York would continue to
get about $40 million a year
from 10000 New Workers who
work in New Jersey. New Jer-
sey would collect the money
and hand it over.
Gov. Meyner made the pro-
posal in a letter to legislators
and amplified it in a news con-
ference and a television ap-
pearance.
The plan hinges on the reci-
procity clause of New York's
tax law. The clause gives out
lof-State residents credit for
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-05-02
ADA to Consider
Role of Liberals
In 80 Campaign
BY the Associated Press

The Americans for Demo-
cratic Action will start a three
day convention next Friday to
determine. in the words of Ma
tional Chairman Samuel H.
Beer. the role of political lib
erals in the 1860 campaign.
For one thing, Mr.. Beer said
in his convention call, ADA
must help elect a President
who believes so deeply in hu-
man rights that he will use the
prestige of his Office to make
a reality Of our proclamatlons
of equality before the law.
The convention is not ex-
pected to indorse any candi-
date for the Democratic presi-
Dental nomination.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-05-02

The prayers Roman Catholic
priests are required to say each
day-outSide the daily mass
will be cut about in half soon,
the National Catholic Welfare
Conference said yesterday.
The NCWC said unofficial but
reliable reports from the Vati-
can indicate the new Breviary,
or Book of Prayers, will be con-
densed to two volumes. At
present it is usually printed in
four volumes, one for each sea-
son Of the year.
Third Condensation
1t will be the third such con-
densation in this century.
Instead of the $3.50 minutes
a priest now must spend each
day in recital from the Brew
airy, the time will be cut to 80
minutes or less under the re-
vised version, NCWC said.
The aim of the change, it
added, is to provide more time
Tor other duties in the busy
days Of the $4,000 Catholic
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-05-02

went to the hospital for treat
ment.
On the way back home she
lost control Of her auto, hit a
fence, sldeswiped parked
vehicle and rammed into a
power pole.
She told officers the pain in
her leg forced her to drive
with only one foot. She was
taken back to the same hos
pital for treatment of injuries
suffered in the crash.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-05-02

of the kingdom with a sense
of vocation to participate &C
lively in the political affairs of
our beloved Southland"
The South desperately needs
more men in public life like the
late DR.. Omer Carmichael Of
Louisville, Gov. Luther Hodges
of North Carolina, Mayor Will
liam B. Hartsfield of Atlanta
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-05-02

ANY income taxes they pay in
their home States.
Under Gov. Meyner's pro-
posal, New Jersey would begin
to tax all New Jerseyans who
work in New York and all New
Workers who work in New Jer-
sey. The tax rate would be
identical with New York S
schedule.
At the end of the tax period,
New Jerseyans would ne cred
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-05-02

tied in New York for their New
Jersey tax. Gov. Meyner SAID
they could simply assign their
refunds to their home STATE.
The Democratic Governor
denied he was trying tc retail
ate against New York's prac-
tice, for years a sore point
between the two States.
I'm not trying to prod New
York into anything" Gov
Meyner said on WRCA-TV'i
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-05-02

Charlottesville, Va a leading
layman In the church.
DR.. Miller added that church.
men should accept the respon-
sibility to create an atmosphere
favorable to compliance with
the law, particularly in areas
where crises threaten.
He told the Tooth General
Assembly the most urgent call
at the moment is for citizens
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-05-02
Southern Presbyterions
ToIdto Obey Race Laws

JACKSONVILLE, Fla. May CAP).-Members Of the
Southern Presbyterian Church General Assembly have been
told dealing with racial problems they should respect
the of the land unless is contrary to the law Of the
kingdom Of God.
The speaker yesterday Dr. Francis Pckens Miller Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-05-02

to be read as prayed. Thus. the
priest is not allowed to read it
to himself. He must at least
form the words with his lips.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-05-02
Injured Woman
Is Hurt Again

TUCSON. Ariz. (APJ Mrs
Emily Ferguson, Sc, injured
her leg in a fall at home and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-05-02

CHAIRMAN. Mr.. Walter Harnischfeeel
Milwaukee. Wisconsin
Hon. 7. Coleman Andrews,
Richmond. Virginia
Hon. SpruiIle 5raden,
New York. New York
Mr.. Frank c. 5rophy.
Phoenix. Arizona
Hon. Howard Buffet,
Omaha. Nebraska
Mr.. r. Gsno Chance.
Centralis. Missouri
Mr.. Robert 8. Dresser,
Providence. Rhode Island
Mr.. E, M. Elkin.
Pittsburgh. Pennsylvania
Hon. Guy George Gsbrielson,
6ernsrdsVille. New Jersey
Mr.. Robert IA. Gaylord.
Rockford. Illinois
Mr.. William J. Grede.
Milwaukee. Wisconsin
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-05-02

Mr.. Luther o. Griffith,
Huntington. West Virginia
Mr.. Robert N. Harris,
Forest Hills. New York
Mr.. A. G. Heinsohn, Jr..
Knoxville. Tennessee
Mr.. Clarence Burlington KelIsnd.
Scottsdsle. Arizona
Hon. James S. Kemper,
Chicago. Illinois
Mr. Conrad kohler.
kohler. Wisconsin
Mr.. Otto 7. Kreuser,
Great Darlington. Massachusetts,
Hon. J. Bracken Lee.
Salt Lake City. Utah
Mr.. William Loeb,
Reno. Neveda
Mr.. r. Chesley Mccormick,
Wichita. Kansas
Mr.. William 1. MeGrath.
Cincinnati. Ohio
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-05-02

Mr.. Roger Milliken,
SpsdsnbUrg. South Carolina
Mr.. Sterling Morton.
Chicago, Illinois
Mrs. Ruth Murray.
Oshkosh. Wisconsin
Hon. Gerald P. Nye.
Cooperstown. North Dakota
Hon. Samuel 3. PettengiIl.
Grafton. Vermont
Mr. ]. Howard Pew.
Philadelphia. Pennsylvania
Chief Justice N. 7. Phelps.
Phoenix. Arizona
Mr.. Edgar Monssnto Queeny.
st. Louis. Missouri
Co.. Willard 2. Rockwell,
Pittsburgh. Pennsylvania
Mr.. Hubbard S. Russell.
Msricops. California
Mr.. Il. A. Sawyer.
New York. New York
Lieut.. General George E. Strstemeyl
Winter Park. Florida
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-05-02

Mr.. Ernest G. Swigen.
Portland. Oregon
Mrs. Gsrvin E. TankersIey.
Bethesda. Maryland
Or. Charles c. Tansill.
Washington, DC.
Mr.. E. Mel. Tittmsnn,
New York. New York
Major General Leigh Wade.
Washington. DC.
General Albert Wedemeyer,
5oyds. Maryland
Hon. Burton X. Wheeler.
Butte. Montana
Mr.. Donald r. Wilson.
Clsrksburg. West Virginia
General Robert E. Wood,
Chicago. Illinois
Dean Clarence Manion
Legal Counsel
South Bend. Indiana
Brig. General Bonner FeIIers -
National Director
Washington. DC.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-05-02
YOU MUST ACT NOW BEFORE IT'S TOO LATE

your enandSe Dose
right The decision will uee&
,end
AveN
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-05-02
THE CITIZENS FOREIGN AID COMMITTEE

Men and women worldwide experience foreign AFFAIRS
legal military professions
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-05-02

Searchlight television program
yesterday. This is a tax tc
solve the commuter crisis"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-05-02
We Must End the Foreign Hand Out FiaScO
Before 1t BankTupts the United States!

This is why we cannot continue to pour
billions of dollars into lavish foreign aid:
Our total debt obligations federal state corporate
and individual-haVe now reached fantastic S1,3I5
billion!
Foreign countries sufficient dollar credits to
demand 1870 gold than we have in reserve!
The annual interest alone on our Federal debt now
more than SO billion!
The cost of our lavish foreign give-aways now
amounts to the equivalent of more than 2O36 of
your personal income tax.
Now, let's look at what the billions we have
poured into foreign aid have brought us:
flood foreign products produced by cheap foreign
labor on gift of the latest American machinery
competing against production.
An appalling tariff situation whereby foreign nations
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-05-02

By chRewFu COMMITTEE
n fairs ApH25
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-05-02

original paintings by contemporary
ltoIion artists, this week, 3rd FL, The
Heeht Co. Downtown GoIIerio ItoIiono
see the work Of talented contemporary Italian artists in
ooIero toIiono exhibit Sealed bids of over SloO will be
accepted ond decisions sole will be made at the con-
c'uson OF the national tour Paintings on loan from the
Parker Pen Company collection Don't miss this exciting
and absorbing gallery Of pontnos
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-05-02

can food our markets with cheap merchandise but
which prohibits US exports to those same countries
. Incompetence arrogance Black Market, and graft in
the administration of foreign handouts
Political unrest abroad. Consider the Cuban stua-
ton; South Americas reception of the Vice Presi-
dent; uprisings in Panama Guatemala, South Korea,
Venezuela; vast give-aways to Indonesia's Commu-
mist dictator, Sukarno; millions given to Tito and
Gomulko-gve-aways that may rebound against US
day.
We cannot continue the foreign handout asco until it
brings to financial ruin. The Citizens Foreign Aid
Committee recommends that President Esenhower's
request for SALTS billion in foreign aid appropriations
be reduced to 81. billion with the objective of COM
plete elimination of foreign aid by the end of fiscal year
1862, except for limited military assistance to foreign
countries areas directly under the threat of Com
munist aggression.
Evening star., 1960-04-24
BoIoeh Elected
Member of P-B
Stock Exchange

Stephen E. Balogh, president
Of Balogh & Co., Washington
stock brokerage firm, has been
elected a member of the
Philadelphia Baltimore Stock
Exchange, it was announced
yesterday.
The membership will permit
the firm to transact business
on the Philadelphia, Baltimore,
Boston, Pittsburgh and Wash
ington branches of the ex-
change.
With main offices in the
Woodward Building, Balogh g.
Co. also has branch Offices in
the Arlington Trust Building,
Arlington. Va, and at 1890
Woodmont avenue, Bethesda,
Md.
Mr.. Balogh has resided in
Washington since 1947. He was
secretary general of the Amer
ican Hungarian Federation for
more than five years and
founded. the Foreign Services
Corp, a foreign exchange firm,
Evening star., 1960-04-24
COrpOrIjdte.List
Dips, Federal
Bonds Uneven
BY WARREN BENNETT
hsaorfaFa1 Rrssa rgnaurF.f xvrftar

Associated Press Financial Writer
NEW YORK, April 23.-Cor-
porate and Treasury bonds
milled intellectually this week.
Trading was dull, the volume
light and. except for corporate
convertibles, the price changes
minor.
1t was a period of economic
uncertainty with flxed-income
investors generally keeping to
the sidelines. awaiting some
definite clues as to which way
business may trend. At the
moment visibility is poor.
Investment quality corpor-
ates were of sharply, while
utilities and foreign bonds
edged higher. Rails and in
duStrials we're unchanged.
Government bonds closed
mixed. The Victory Gas of
December 1972-67 and the 34s
of lS83-78 were down 8/32
each at 83 8/32 and IS 4f32 bid,
respectively. The IS of 1895
advanced 1892 at 83 26 80 bid
while the 2l2s of 1868 were up
6 80 at "a 1882. New 414S of
1885 were unchanged at
SO 1882 bid.
Evening star., 1960-04-24
65OExpected
For Maryland
Bank Meetinq

More than $50 bankers from
all parts Of Maryland and
nearby eastern cities will at
tend the 64th annual conven-
ton of the Maryland Bankers
Association at the Shoreham
Hotel here May 20-24.
William Bowie, association
president and vice chairman of
the board Of Suburban Trust
Co, yesterday announced a
list of prominent speakers for
the event. including:
Harold E. Randall, vice presi-
dent, First National of Boston;
Roy L. Reverson; vice presi-
dent, Bankers Trust of New
York; DR.. Kenneth Mcfarland,
educational consultant for
General Motors; Charles N.
ShepardSon, member of the
Federal Reserve Board, and
Charles E. Walker. assistant to
the Secretary of the Treasury.
James P. Casbarian, board
chairman and president Of the
Bank of Maryland and ]. Rus
sell Jones. first vice president
Of the Citizens National of
Laurel are co-chairmer of the
convention committee.
Evening star., 1960-04-24

in 1948. Prior to acquiring his
own firm, the former Matthew
Corp, in 1856, he was with
Mayr e. Co., member firm of
the New York Stock Exchange.
He is a native of Hungary,
graduate of the University of
Budapest. and attended the
University Of Pittsburgh and
University of Chicago.
Evening star., 1960-04-24
New Brokers Office

Miss Barbara Black is presi-
dent of Atlantic Equities Co.,
new brokerage firm, which has
Offices at 1900 Massachusetts,
avenue NV. Ralph H. Pounds
is treasurer and general man
ager.
Evening star., 1960-04-24
TREASURY BONDS

NEW YORK, April p CAP).-CIosing
over-the-counter Treasury bonds.
The Arizona post., 1960-03-04
National Council

Floyd D. Sperry, executive
director of the new Tucson
Industrial Deve1opm n
Board, will be the guest
speaker at a March 16 meet
ing of the Tucson section of
the National Council of Jew
ish Women. The meeting will
be held in the auditorium of
Temple Emanuel at 1 pm.
preceded by a snack luncheon
at noon.
Mr.. Sperry will speak on
Tucson's plan of action for
industrial growth. Mr.. Sperry
has had more than 25 years
in the community and indus
trial field and came here
from Idaho where he headed
a similar program for Al
cities.
Mrs. Ralph Harrison, pre-
Sident, will preside over the
meeting. Reservations may
be made by calling Mrs. Jo-
seph Haas or Mrs. Jules Ag-
ron.