davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-07-03

has raised the very devil in his
domain. He has virtually elimi-
mated the opposition press. He
has jailed his political adversarieS
in the best tradition of Batista.
He has almost eliminated Cuba S
second-largest industry-tourism.
And currently, he is very busy in
deed seizing American owned
properties-he calls it "interven-
ing"-with no compensation, or
promise of compensation-to the
owners.
appropriation of foreign-owned
productive properties is no new
experience to the United States
or to it's investors. 1t has hap
pened before, for better or worse,
in other Latin America nations.
and the results have not been
Notwithstanding. But in Castro's
Cuba there is a major difference,
and the State Department is
more worried about that differ
ence than are the American in
VeStorS.
Evening star., 1960-07-03

only 80 miles away, before the
men in the black fedoras arrived
in the small hours of the morning.
The followers of Prio did the
best they could to foment a new
Cuban liberation. But it re-
manned for a daring young man
of unknown political proclivities,
a once-exiled student named Fidel
Castro, to reasSert Cuba's aSpira-
tions toward democracy.
Castro landed a small band on
the southern shores of Cuba's
Oriente Province five years ago.
Most of the original adventurers
were slain Immediately by Batista
troops. But a handful survived
and they took refuge in the fast
neSses of the Sierra Madre, sup
ported by the loyalty of hundreds
of "guajiros" with food, informa-
ton. ammunition and shelter.
Almost all the rest of the world
supported too. Here was a man
who, in the words of Puerto Rico's
astute Gov. Luis Munoz Marin,
combined the qualities of leader
ship with the virtue of personal
integrity and the adulation of the
Cuban people, so long the victims
of political skulduggery and an al
most traditional corruption.
But Castro has not turned out
to be the knight in shining armor
that the Western Hemisphere
anticipated.
Almost from the outset of his
triumph over Batista in January,
1859, the bearded revolutionary
Evening star., 1960-07-03
Bills Status

Here is the boxscore on major
legislation up to recess time:
PASSED BY BOTH HOUSES
Civil rights, Federal pay raise, de-
fense budget, corporate excise tax
and the mutual security program.
VETOED BY PRESIDENT AND
UPHELD: Depressed areas.
PENDING: Housing, minimum
wage, medical aid to aged, sugar
act extension, school construction
and a series of appropriations
bills.
AS becomes obvious at a glance,
the pending legislation involves
several that are highly charged
with politics. With both presiden-
tial nominees likely to be present
in the Senate chamber and each
party striving for advantage, the
fears that the considerations of
short-term political gains may
outweigh those of permanent pub
lie good cannot lightly be dis
missed. The temptations will be
severe.
President Eisenhower called at
tention to the danger of pushing
through election-year pocketbook
legislation when he vetoed the rs
"a per cent Federal pay raise bill.
In perhaps the sharpest language
he has used in more than 16O
vetoes since, he took Office in 1858,
Mr.. Eisenhower asserted that this
Evening star., 1960-07-03

tartan, more than the risks of pop
ular self-expression.
For many years there was the
efficient" dictatorship of Gerardo
Machado. In the 1930s the Ma
chado regime tottered and was
finally toppled by the popular re-
volt led by an army sergeant, Full
gencio Batista. For a time, it
seemed that democracy in Cuba
had at last come into its own. But
only for a time.
The sergeant by this time
quite naturally a general-turned
out to be every bit as much die
tator as the man he had ousted.
He affected to pay great attention
to constitutional processes, and
even bowed out of Cuban politics
for a while to allow an elected
successor to take the presidential
Office. But the successor, although
no dictator, allowed with or with
out his consent an inordinate
amount of corruption inside his
administration. Carlos Prio Socar-
res was, therefore, swiftly and
efficiently displaced by the erst-
while sergeant.
Evening star., 1960-07-03

use Legislative blackmail" in an
effort to slow down the Kennedy
bandwagon. He denied it.
3. Senator johnson accused his
enemies of STOPPING to "McCar-
thyism" in their attacks upon him,
saying that they had gone so far
as to circulate a rumor that he
had died on the Senate floor.
The Truman decision, an
nounced on Wednesday, to skip
the convention flabbergasted
Democrats and Republicans alike.
The fact that the former Presi-
dent refused to comment on why
he took the action until three
days later supported the view that
it was a calculated move in the
still virile "stop-Kennedy" move
ment. And his suggestion to re-
porters Saturday that Mr.. Ken
nedy, 43, was not mature enough
to be President, underscored it.
Mr.. Truman, who is not known
as graceful loser. held a press
conference during the 1856 con-
vention in which he asserted that
Adlai E. Stevenson. the favorite
and later the nominee, would not
carry as many States as he car
ried in his overwhelming defeat
by President Eisenhower in 1852.
He was proved right, but his re-
Evening star., 1960-07-03
Then Action

The fiery words were followed
by action. Because they refused to
process Soviet crude oil imported
as a result of the Castro -Mikoyan
economic agreement of last win
ter, the Cuban refineries of the
Texas Oil Co., ESQ, and Shell
were "intervened"-taken over
almost Immediately. The Ameri-
can-owned refineries. representing
an investment of more than $3.50
million, had been using Ven
ezuelan petroleum, handy and
high-quality, for many years. But
Castro's "sugar-for oil" deal with
the Soviet Union ruled out con-
tinued imports from Venezuela,
whose democratic PreSid n t
Romulo Betancourt has long since
lost faith in the man with the
fair for all-night harangues.
In all the appropriations of
United States-owned properties
thus far, there have been no COM
pensations. Originally, very long
term bonds on the Republic OF
Cuba were offered in payment,
but there appears 10 be little faith
in the financial responsibility Of
the Castro administration.
The inca culpa" attitude of
the State Department last week
was at least understandable, if
Continued on Page D-4
Evening star., 1960-07-03

the decks for some furious pre-
convention delegate-hunting of his
own when he and his sponsor,
Speaker Rayburn decided to re-
cess Congress and bring it back
in August to finish its work. His
chief job now will be to bar a
Kennedy victory on the first or
second ballot, an eventuality
which appears to need only one
big push from any one of several
possible sources Of strength.
While the battle, at this point,
is clearly Kennedy johnson
one, the experts have been fooled
often and badly in the past. Mr..
Stevenson and his supporters are
certain they will be again. The
two-time loser to Mr.. Eisenhower
told a Washington airport rally
of his supporters that he would
not object if his name were Of
fered to the convention as a
nominee.
Evening star., 1960-07-03
Democrats

The bitter, playing for keeps"
slugging was particularly heavy in
the Democratic camp last week.
With it's convention due to open
in Los Angeles in eight days, there
is little chance that the Demo-
cratic candidates and their sup
porters will, at this point. take to
the high road. 1t looks like a case
of anything and everything goes.
These were among the major
intra-party campaign salvos lass
week:
/. Former President Truman re-
signed as a delegate and three days
later explained he did so because
the convention had been fixed"
for Senator Kennedy.
2. Senate Majority Leader john
son was accused of attempting to
Evening star., 1960-07-03
Defense:
Budget Voted

Congress passed a 1893 billion
defense budget, an increase of
S661 million over the admin
istratiOn'S request.
Despite the long hours of hear
ingS on United States versus
Soviet armed strength by half
dozen or more congressional COM
mitteeS, each of which produced
its quota of dire warnings; despite
Premier KhrushcheV's anti-West-
ern threats, and despite the
urgings of the three leading
Democratic presidential aspirants,
Senators Kennedy. johnson and
Symington, when the moment OF
truth arrived the heavily Demo-
cratic Congress added only $66l
million to the $393 billion the
President had requested. This was
a rise of less than is per cent.
The final increase provides
added millions for Polaris subma-
rines and missiles, Army moderni-
zation, BIO bomber development
and Army airlift. But the chances
are slim, indeed, that Mr.. Eisen-
hover will spend the money.
The biggest fight and the big
gest victory involved the Nays
new aircraft carrier. The House
had cut this $293 million item out
of the Presidents budget The
Senate put it back in and insisted,
over House conferee objections,
that it remain.
Defense Secretary Gates prob
ably tipped the scales with a late
plea for the ship as a vital mobile
air base needed for limited war
situations. But working quietly
behind the scenes, Rear Admiral
John S. Mccain, jr., congressional
liaison officer for the Navy, proved
to be an excellent professor of
SnaO0WpV
Evening star., 1960-07-03

Last week the State Depart
ment admitted that its policy
of patience and forbearance"
toward Fidel CastrO's Cuban
regime had been a failure. For
his part, Premier Castro stepped
up his program Of "Yanqui-
batting"
Long before the American Civil
War settled the issue of human
slavery, Southern annexationists
in Congress were openly eager to
attach the rich island of Cuba to
the United States. They had at
least two reasons.
First: Cuba offered the ideal
situation for an extension of the
slave economy lush tropical
climate combined with a tradition
of human bondage in the produc-
ton of copious crops.
Second: The slave rebellion in
Haiti, led by TouSsaint pOuver-
ture in the halcyon days of Ma
poleon, left every Southern slave
holder a steady nightmare Of
terror lest the same bloody holo-
caust might take place in Georgia,
Mississippi or Alabama.
Evening star., 1960-07-03
Red Dominated?

In essence, the problem posed
by Fidel Castro's Cuba is that
of a Communist-d dominated is
land only a commuters journey
from Florida, athwart the sp-
proacheS to the Panama Canal,
and inevitably a scorpions nest
of intrigue in the ever-volatile
political cauldron of South and
Central America.
AS yet, no one has accused
Evening star., 1960-07-03

hastily drawn bill violates every
concept of fairness, every rule of
reason and logic"
But the House, which in its
haste inadvertently passed a mini
mum wage bill last week which
struck IA million workers from its
coverage. speedily overrode the
veto. The Senate followed suit.
Evening star., 1960-07-03
Politics.:
Hotter

Former President Truman quit
last week as a delegate, charging
that the convention had been
'fixed" for Senator John F.
Kennedy. Meanwhile, the Ken
nedy- Johnson battle for the
nomination heated up.
Gov. Rockefeller blasted the
Administrations defense policies
but said he would "play ball"
and back the Republican nOmi-
nee.
Some time just before the end OF
the month. when each party has
selected its standard bearer, the
political warfare will settle down
Evening star., 1960-07-03
THE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
Congress: Recess Politics, New Try

Congress yesterday voted to
recess until after the political
conventions. It will return by
August Is to complete action on
several major pieces of legisla-
tiOn.
In the summer of 1948, follow
ing the political conventions, Pres
dent Truman called back to a Spe-
cial session the Congress he was
later to blast successfully as "the
do-nothing 80th."
1t was the last time until now
that Congress had been called to
meet in a presidential election
year following the party nomina-
tions.
If Mr.. Truman made good use
of the 80th, so did young Cali
fornia Congressman by the name
of Richard M. Nixon. Those were
the Hiss-Chambers days and they
catapulted Mr.. Nixon from OBJ
scurity to the Nations front pages.
But aside from what it did for
these leaders, the 1948 special ses-
sion accomplished little. 1T was
a dismal failure = the time was
spent talking politics." Senator
Sparkman. Alabama Democrat,
recalled.
And this was the fear expressed
widely-but not widely enough
by members of both parties as
the Senate and House, dominated
by those two Texans, Senate Ma
jority Leader Lyndon johnson
and House Speaker Sam Rayburn,
voted to recess last week.
Evening star., 1960-07-03

of their own-spelled Rookie
f-e-l-l-e-r.
When Gov. Nelson A. Rookie
feller arrived at the Governors
Conference in Montana he was
handed a statement to sign, a
statement circulated by two other
Republican Governors and which
lauded Vice President Nixon and
pledged full and loyal" support
to him.
Mr.. Rockefeller refused. He
said he was heading an unin-
structed delegation to the G. o. P.
convention, which opens July rs in
Chicago, and therefore couldn't
do so. Nevertheless, it was in
terpreted widely as another in a
series of gibes, by word and &C
ton, against Mr.. Nixon. 1t got
front-page treatment.
Evening star., 1960-07-03

to a relatively normal Republican
versus-Democrat course.
Meanwhile, extraordinary inter-
necine strife, verbal throat-cutting
and back-stabbing and operations
even less sophisticated have been
rending each party and providing
the opposition with multi-megaton
bombs for the main event.
Evening star., 1960-07-03
What's the Use?

The Johnson-Rayburn argu-
ment was that Congress could not
possibly complete action on major
must" legislation before the
opening of the Democratic cen
vention July II no matter how
long and hard it might work.
There was little challenge to
this, particularly in view of the
recalcitrant attitude on the part
of the powerful House Rules Com
mittee and its determination to
slow down or stall liberal" legis-
lation.
But some observers noted that
Mr.. Johnson had slowed the pace
in the Senate in the last few
weeks, particularly on major legis-
lation.
There was feeling, too, that
the job could have been done on
schedule-the original target date
was July 2-and certainly by the
end of this week, if the leader
ship had cracked the whip earlier
in the session.
Congress is notorious for be-
having like a college boy who
dawdles during the semester and
then Grams for the examinations
in the final weeks. 1t recalls these
lines of George Villiers, the Duke
Of Buckingham:
"MethinkS, see the Wanton
houreS flee,
And as they paSSe, turne back
and laugh at me-"
The recess decision sparked
wholesale speculation as to what
effect it would have on the war
ring Democratic presidential as
pirants and the major parties in
the coming campaign.
Evening star., 1960-07-03
North Dakota

Democrat Quentin Burdick last
week won a Senate seat in North
Dakota in an extremely close race
against Republican Gov. John E.
Davis. A recount is scheduled.
Whether Gov. Davis can over
come in a recount the less than
1,0OO-vote margin with which
Representative Burdick won last
Tuesdays senatorial race in North
Dakota, the situation is not a
happy augur for Republican pros
poets in the farm belt this No
vember.
Secretary of Agriculture Benson
was a prime target of Mr.. Burdick
in his campaign strategy. Beat
Benson with Burdick" was the
battlecry.
Combined with an Agriculture
Department announcement on
Thursday that farm prices had
dipped again, by 2 per cent in
June, the North Dakota result has
put greater pressure than ever on
Mr.. Nixon, if he expects to keep
the farm States in the G. o. P.
column once again.
Evening star., 1960-07-03
Strategic Role

In 1898 the United States went
to war with Spain, and the sole
issue was the independence of
Cuba. That war was, in the
words of a modern historian "a
splendid little war" 1t was brief,
it was relatively bloodless, and it
resulted in not only the independ-
ence of Cuba but the emergence
of the United States as an i'm
perialist power in, a world then
gone almost bersetk with expan-
sionism.
The Colossus of the North"
was good to Cuba. Even in a day
when colonialism was accepted
as not only the right but the
obligation of every enlightened"
nation, the American tradition of
independence and self govern
ment was carefully applied to the
newly emancipated Cubans. There
were reservations-notably the
Platt amendment-which gave to
Washington the right to intervene
in Cuban affairs if the islands
situation ever became dangerous.
The strategic Importance of
Cuba was immeasurably increased,
in the view of the United States,
when Theodore Roosevelt and his
big stick" made possible the COM
pletion of the Panama Canal.
Like Puerto Rico in the days of
the Spanish treasure fleets, Cuba
became a Caribbean bastion of the
defepses of the American con-
tinent.
The Platt amendment has long
since been abandoned in the
changing context of world affairs.
Cuba, politically, has been allowed,
if we may use the term, to find
its own way. The results have not
been entirely encouraging, unless
perhaps to a few banks, few in
veStors, a few entrepreneurs who
priced stability, however authori-
Evening star., 1960-07-03
On Medical Aid

Then Mr.. Rockefeller, in an
oblique criticism of the admins
tration, ridiculed the Eisenhower
approach to a medical l-aid-to-the-
aged bill and eSpoused the Social
Security System method which
the President has opposed. Again,
front-page notice.
Finally. the New Yorker, in
full-blown attack on our defense
posture and policies, demanded
that the military budget be in
creased by $3.5 billion a year in
order to steel us against the threat
of a Soviet attack. This, of course,
was regarded by the White House
as particularly impertinent. Once
again, to the reluctant admiration
of the Democratic Governors who
out numbered the Republicans by
more than 2 to l, he dominated
the front pages.
While Mr.. Nixon turned the
other cheek and observed that
Gov. Rockefeller had right to
state his views, Senator Thurs
ton Morton, Republican National
Chairman, was blunter. He &C
cused the New Yorker. who be-
lieves that among the chief needs
of a President are fat check
book and lots of organization
charts, of giving aid and comfort
to the enemy.
But Mr.. Morton said that the
Rockefeller sortieS were helping
to solidify the Republican Party,
remarking acidly that the Cover
nor was not speaking for the
party "or any very large segment
of it."
Before the week was out, Mr..
Rockefeller was trying to ease
the apparent unhappiness within
the G. O.P. He said he would cam
paign for Mr.. Nixon if asked to
do so and would play ball" with
the Republican Party even If his
views were not adopted.
II am a Republican and have
no intention of bolting the Re-
publican Party" he said.
Chary party leaders were won-
dering when he would begin act
ing like one.
Evening star., 1960-07-03
Absolute Rule

Batista's new regime made no
pretense of subservience to the
consent of the governed" 1t was
absolute. Newspapers unfriendly
to the administration were closed
down. Political adversaries were
imprisoned. if they did not succeed
in, escaping to the United States,
Evening star., 1960-07-03
THE FOREIGN SCENE
Our Stiffening Policy Toward Cuba

Premier Castro himself of being
a Communist. But the pattern
of Communist domination of his
regime takes clearer shape every
day, and the State Department
last week admitted ruefully that
the policy of patience and for
bearance" toward the Fidelistas
had been a failure.
There is an Iago in the drama
one Ernesto Guevara, an Argen-
tine physician who is commonly
known as Che. Mr.. Guevara is,
by title. the director of Cuba's
national bank. But by his works,
he is considered to be the brains
of the Castro revolution. And all
his works are believed to bear a
Moscow dateline.
Starting out with tremendous
popular support in the United
States, Fidel Castro was able to
boast on Thursday that he had
absolutely no supporters in the
United States House of Represent
ativeS. BY a vote of 1894 to 0, the
House authorized the President to
cut or eliminate the subsidy paid
to Cuba for the millions of tons
of Cuban sugar imported to the
United. States each year-a sub
sidy of from two to three cents
over the prevailing world market
price.
But Fidel seemed to welcome
this reprimand. as well he might
If his intentions are what so many
reporters have suggested. His
beard quivering in familiar rage,
he took up most of the night on
Thursday to tell television audi
ence that the "Yanqui imperial
lists" would pay, fright down to
the nails in their Shoes" for any
roprico1e oooipSt CIlha
Evening star., 1960-07-03
Republicans

If the in-f1ghting was circulat-
ing bitterness in the Democratic
organization, the Republicans last
week were confronted with woes
Evening star., 1960-09-09

76 Forester st. NV.
fvo.HedfH apt; Se2.50.Ss1.50,
tnel. utilR.. nr. shope, =, transp:;
ifee park, sterats fAetls. 20.
Evening star., 1960-09-09

eos 1lth sT. NV 6edrms.. liv
rn.. kit. and bath; $50. utils
furn. Key at once. FLOYD ?.
pAayylrS Co. $40 K st. NV Ma
Evening star., 1960-09-09

3218 WIS. AVE. NV.
sM.. Sin.tfe, lit. ana e'i; bath: 'n adult it
Bldg: cenv. to shop, public
transp. and churches; rent, $50 so
IAo. See Mrs. Butler on premises,
en-. 2-934o, THE CAREY WIN
eTON CO.. 1873 Conn. ave. NV,
Evening star., 1960-09-09

RIVER RD.. Walk woodrow Wilson
5-bedrHi. house; liv. rm. wfnrepl,,
sep. din. fm,. 1h baths. bsnlt.,
ser. porch facing garden with
bar-b-q; garage; Wv. CARPET;
suitable family or. group. 5000. BY
OWNER, Ii, 7.26b3, lilo pm.
Evening star., 1960-09-09

216 r 81. NE.
colored, juit dseefeted 2 rms, kit
ssnSS,assa. snS asat6i l,i. ssSsa y sEoAl, AID
Evening star., 1960-09-09

RS:s1sss;Fi N. ss;SF :H !,,l sIIE !
close 70 Navy Annex, ftntison !:
ys,I.ikstiRsf s,Istsf. distance dshspDipg,
luniBia pike, ia. 9sO30B. -
Evening star., 1960-07-31
Parade to Salute
Red Cross Work

The American National Red
Cross will be honored at a re-
treat parade at 5 pm. today
on the Washington Monument
grounds.
Sponsored by the Army and
the Military District of Wash
ington, the ceremony will &C
knowledge Red Cross services
to the armed forces. The lst
Battle Group, Sd Infantry, and
the Army Band will participate
in the parade.
Gen. Alfred M. Gruenther,
USA, retired, will represent the
American National Red Cross
on the reviewing stand. Gen.
Gruenther is president of the
organization.
Army Department officials
and Maj. Gen. C. K. Galley,
commanding general of the
Military District of Washing
ton, also will be on the review
ing stand.
Last year nearly 10000 serv-
icemen received assistance each
month from the national or
ganization, while another st.
600 received help from the 3,7OO
Red Cross chapters in this
country.
More than 35 per cent of the
annual budget of the Red Cross
is used to provide services for
members of the armed forces
and their families.
Evening star., 1960-07-31
BY A. J. WEDDERBURN
Contributing Writer

Today's cameras are really
modern. You can compare
them with automo biles!
Many of us grew up with
Model T cars and box ca
meraS-and they both served
us well.
Yet, just as there's a world
OF difference between the
elementary gas buggies of
yesterday and the quick
starting, easy-handling anC
,Smooth-riding autos of to-
day, so there is a whale of a
difference between the early
limited-range cameras and
some of the modern models
. that make easy pictures bet
ter pictures, difficult ones
simple, and impossible" ones
probable.
Improved Film
But in both instances it
hasn't all been done with
equipment alone. Fuels and
films had to keep pace. Just
as a modern car could never
perform without advanced
gaSolines. so would a modern
camera be denied it's full
range without the tremen-
dously improved films now
available.
And, just as the auto has
to have the carburetion and
compression factors to put
high oetane fuels to work, so