davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-06-19
Policies OF y. S. Contribute to japanese Feeling

calculations, putting too much
confidence in Mr.. Kishi on one
hand, and on the other somewhat
ignoring the widespread diSsatis-
faction of the people, no matter
what part of society they belong
to. Oversimplification of peoples
minds, classifying them as pro-
American or pro-Communist and
nothing else, is very dangerous.
What is likely to come now?
Mr.. Kishi will resign the pre-
miership after the ratification of
the treaty, and in the near future
there will be a new election. 1t
is almost certain the Liberal Dem
ocrats will hold the majority
again. Mr.. Kishi's successor is at
the present time unknown, for
there are many factions which
compete with each other for the
next premiership and none Of
them so outstandingly powerful.
Hayato Ikeda, Minister of Trade
and Industry, is supposed to be
the forerunner, but if there is
stalemate in a convention, there
is the possibility of establishing
group leadership.
This is all behind the f1asco in
Japan. And this tragedy may be
a psychological and propaganda
victory for the Sino-Soviet bloc
in the most vital spot in the Far
East. However there is a sugges-
ton that the foreign policy
makers of this country ought to
understand what the peoples in
Asia really feel and desire in view
of the setback of Western pres
tige in China as we'll as in Indo-
China and Korea. Re-establish-
ment of Japan policy now is not
too late. I-
Evening star., 1960-06-19
When History Repeats Itself

friendly relations with foreigners
had already angered isolationist
cliques, and its latest plan of rati-
flying trade treaty with America
made these circles furious.
Anti-foreign, and particularly
anti-American feeling rose. "Expel
the barbarians" was the chant of
unruly street crowds and wander
ing samurai. Behind them, ma
nipulating and encouraging. stood
powerful factions bent on en-
barrasSing the government and
If possible, overthrowing it.
These factions, like the Com
munistS of today, played on iso-
lationist sentiment and demanded
that Japan steer clear of the
West.
In the teeth of this opposition
the government sent a delegation
to America in 1860 to ratify for
mally treaty of commerce with
this country. The group of more
than 10 Japanese arrived in mid
May and throughout the month
of June visited the principal cities
Of America. Washington, Balti-
more, Philadelphia. and New
York wined and dined them.
For Trode and Friendship
The Japanese visitors assured
Americans they were for trade
and friendship. The tour was
triumph of diplomatic courtesy
and mutual admiration, despite
over-curious crowds that mobbed
Evening star., 1960-06-19

I'd Division and a regiment
from the ROK 9th, which had
just won its defense of White
Horse Mountain "a true Korean
name) and had proved how really
we'll and hard the new ROK Army
could fight.
This new battle proved it again.
For more than six weeks in Oc-
tober and November, 1852, the
fighting seesawed on Sniper's
Ridge and up and down the slopes
OF Triangle Hill. I covered all but
the first two weeks of it.
BY the end, as the rest of the
front grew still. we had 10 bat
talions of artillery-almost 800
guns-concentrated on this little.
slice of front using up ammuni-
ton by the shipload. 1t was The
heaviest American shooting since
the battle against the Germans in
Hurtgen Forest in 1945, and for
the yardage, it was not much off
World War rs all-time record.
Our guns shot 2 full feet and
God knows how many Chinese
Communists right off the top of
Triangle Hill. which is almost
1000 feet high. But we still
couldn't take it and hold it.
BY the time this battle ended.
right where it had started the
ROK infantry had lost $500 cas-
ualties and the 7th Division more
than 5000. This is almost 10000
men, killed and wounded.
To get some idea of the inten-
sity of this fighting compared
to the earlier parts of the war,
remember that Gen. MacArthur's
disaster across the front in North
Korea in December, 1850, in
volved only 10000 casualties to
the entire United States 9th Army.
A Small-Scale Front
Sniper's Ridge and Triangle
Hill were not across the
front" This whole incredible
battle was fought on a front
less than IL city blocks wide. g.
BY this time the war had
degenerated into a crude and
shabby reproduction of the wit
less slaughter in France and
Flanders in World War 1.
Along the front during this
period you could catch the au-
thentic, sickly air of fatalism
that pervades the novel "All Quiet
on the Western Front" Only
rotation seemed to keep the army
from sinking into a morass Of
defeatism. Many of the soldiers
and some of the officers thought
they we're doomed, and some of
them were.
And then one day the war came
to an end. p.
Sharply at 9:45 pm, July 81,
1953-with a safety factor Of
IS minutes-our men fired their
last salvo. yanked the breeches
open and left them open. A great
silence fell, and at 10 pm. the
fighting ended.
Evening star., 1960-06-19

the japanese nation, saying: BE
the Switzerland of Asia"
This made a strong impression
on all the Japanese people, and
pacifistic and neutraliStic con-
cepts, encouraged by memories Of
disastrous war, have been widely
spread in the country.
Nevertheless, later, the United
States asked Japan to rearm and
become a strong Western ally.
This sudden change of policy
embarrassed the Japanese even
though the Korean War developed
this new phase of world history.
The Anti-Wor Feeling
The uneasiness towards the new
treaty is deep-rooted in this anti
war feeling and furthermore in
creased as it was negotiated by
the "ex-militarist" Kishi and also
as it has the form Of a military
pact. Moreover, Kishi pushed
this pact through the Japanese
Lower House on May 10 with
the help of police forces. And
then-the U-2 incident, which
brought a sharp recoil among
the Japanese who are told some
U-2s have been based in Japan
for several years. There were.
of course, disputes concern
ing the treaty articles. For
instance, the lack Of termination
clause during the period Of the
treaty which assures II years of
duration, and the ambiguous
definition of the term Far East"
which is employed in many
articles of this treaty and which
may include the Chinese main
land and Far East Soviet Russia
Evening star., 1960-06-19

are points which stirred up un-
eaSiness.
Naturally many Japanese peo-
pie think the umbrella of United
States forces and strengthening
of their own defense forces are
vital for the defense of Japan
which is under constant Commu-
mist pressure, whereas baSically
they are inclined to be neutral and
on friendly terms with every
neighboring country. especially
mainland China, with which there
has been a historical tradition OF
political, economic and cultural
relations. Above all, Japan is vul-
nerable once she gets involved in
the military strugglC between the
United States and Communist
countries but cannot afford to
have an up-to-date defense set-up.
So to speak, the japanese peo-
pie are pro-Western pacifiSts but
not so militantly nti-CommuniSt.
Violence must, by all means. be
avoided. Yet there is a general
impassive feeling that anti-Kishi
and anti-treaty activities cannot
be helped.
There also is an unfriendly feel
ing towards police for fear of re-
turning to the prewar police state.
And Mr.. Kishi had to refrain from
ordering severe action.
Tied TO Kishi Prestige
The Presidents visit was un-
fortunately entangled' in this dis
comfort to the nation. Or rather
the Presidents visit was to be
utilized to recover the prestige
of Mr.. Kishi. From this aspect,
the recent United States policy
toward Japan has had some mis-
Evening star., 1960-06-19
BACK OF THE RIOTS
By SHUNJIRO ISHIZUKA
Contributing Writer

The cancellation of President
Eisenhower'S trip to Japan may
become a turning point in post
war United States-Japan relations.
As victor in the Pacific War, the
United States has sent several
million soldiers and civilians dur
ing the last Is years to Japan.
Also the exchange-of- persons pro-
gram between the two countries
has been widely carried out. Per-
haps never before in the worlds
history. have the people of one
country had so much direct con-
tact with the people of another
country in such a short time.
The United States and Japan
were bound by friendly relations,
and in this country the so-called
Japan boom"-in manners, art
and philosophy-arose. However,
Evening star., 1960-06-19

The film Pork Chop Hill" (this
was a CT name) shows a slice of
the fighting of this period-how
men could fight bravely because
Of their self-reSpect, their orders,
and their duty, and not because it
was worth anything. or because
they hoped to win. Yet this ulti-
mate courage was strained here
and there as this unnatural war
began to affect the 9th Army. AS
death and rotation eliminated the
veterans, efficiency and leadership
went down. There were a few mot
many cases of American infantry
from good regiments throwing
down their guns and running away
from the horrors of these hill at
tacks. The army tried to suppress
these incidents, but they are true,
and you can believe them. Ameri-
cans can run, too.
On Shippers Ridge
Pork Chop Hill was horrible. but
1t was by no means the worst. That
distinction belongs to a three
quarter-mile-wide combined bat
tie called Shippers Ridge and
Triangle Hill" on our side, and
"Samkyangryang" by the Com
munists. 1t was so awful that
Peiping Radio was shocked into
broadcasting a fairly accurate ac-
count of it that exaggerated our
casualties only 100 per cent -
which is not really bad reporting
by an enemy in wartime.
This frightful battle was fought
partly by the United States 7th
Division. but mostly by the ROK
Evening star., 1960-06-19

cratic leader" and working up as
Foreign Minister, then chairman
of the majority party, he sue
ceeded in gaining the position of
Premier. His methods, however,
have been, as in prewar times,
behind-the-s mes maneuvering
and forceful tactics.
In attempting to revise the
police law a year and a half ago,
he used the same "pushthrough"
method as with the Security
Treaty and public opinion.
These events brought out the
popular feeling which at first had
supported the new Kishi" to some
extent-although in comparison
with his predecessors, Yoshida,
Hatoyama and Ishibashi, he was
not so popular but the polls
since have been steadily going
downhill.
Revision Of TreoH
Mr.. Kishi is leader of the ma
jority party, the Liberal Demo-
Gratis, but it does not necessarily
mean that he is supported by the
majority Of the Japanese people.
This is because election is so local
that to become a leader of the
conservative party is accomplished
more by tactics and wealth (more
preciSeis the capacity to collect
election funds) than personal
character and craftsmanship.
Nevertheless, as his political
Evening star., 1960-06-19
BY WALTER J. WINN
Contributing Writer

Anti-American shouts rang in
the streets. The Governments
pro-Western policy was under
fire. American residents heard
threats of violence. And behind
much Of the trouble was talk Of
a treaty with America.
The place was Japan.
The month was June.
The year was 1860.
Japanese-American telations Of
exactly 100 years ago were strik-
ingly similar to those of today.
American newspapers in June,
1860. reported the Japanese gov
ernment found opposition to its
ro-Western policy so violent it
had detailed soldiers to protect
the American Minister in Yedo
(now Tokyo.
Anti-Americon Foction
Official contact between Ameri-
ca and Japan was correct and
polite. Expressions of warm re-
gard flowed between Washington
and Yedo. But anti-American fac
tionS were strong in Japan. In
Yedo and Yokohama American
traders and diplomatic officials
were threatened with bodily harm.
The Japanese government prom
ised to protect them. but the
Japanese government was in
trouble.
The Shogunate's policy of
Evening star., 1960-06-19

demonstrations and riots in the
period of only a month have re-
suited in the attack on White
House Secretary James Hagerty
and even the calling off of the
Presidents visit. The honeymoon
of the two countries has abruptly
cooled off. In the United States,
questions of "Why?" and what
is behind this?" have arisen.
Everyone feels that something is
wrong. What led up to it?
The direct cause of the tragic
event of cancelling President
Eisenhower's visit to Japan was
the violence done by the Zenga-
kuren (The Students Federation
which is made up of Communists
and even more radical elements)
and the Sohyo General Council
of Labor Unions). The demonstra-
tors surrounded the Japanese Diet,
clashed with police forces, mobbed
Mr.. Hagerty and finally brought
about the death of one and in
juries to some 1000 persons. Their
aim was to overthrow the Kishi
government. to wreck the United
States-Japan Security Pact and to
bar Mr.. Eisenhower's visit to
Japan. Eventually they hope to
make a neutralist, if not pro-Com-
munist Japan.
Demonstrations Held
But prior to this violence there
have been number of huge dem
onstrations by university profess
sors, students, laborers, office
workers and even housewives, and
1t cannot be denied there is per-
sonal feeling on the part of thN
Japanese. What is this general
sentiment? 1t is anti-Kishi and
anti-treaty. The Kishi government
is not so popular. According to a
general survey recently made by
Japanese newspapers, the sup
porters of Mr.. Kishi amount to
about 20 per cent. During the war,
Mr.. Kishi acted as Minister of
Commerce and Industry in Pre-
mier Tojo's cabinet.
After the war he was sentenced
by the United States Military Tri-
bunal and served as war criminal
in Sugamo Prison. Following his
release, he restarted as "a demo-
Evening star., 1960-06-19
By JOHN RANDOLPH
Associated Press 6taff Writer

Associated Press STAFF Writer
Memories of death and de-
struction, bravery, misery and
blood live in the mind forever.
They haunt us like restless
ghosts.
That's the way it is with the
Korean war, dirty, obscene
and glorious-war. 1t began one
quiet Sunday morning when
Communist tanks roared out of
the north on June 25, 1850, and
ripped across the 38th parallel
into the south.
For 81 of its 81 months,
was part of that war. I watched
its agony and wonder.
Much has happened since then,
in the world at large and in
Korea where the government of
President Syngman Rhee, who
had long led his nation in war
and peace, was overthrown re-
Gently by a popular uprising. But
10 years after, the sights and
sounds and feelings of the Ko-
rean war still come flooding back.
My first vivid recollection was
in Tokyo. in December, 1850,
when I was sent to interview the
human wreckage of the 10th
Corps in Tokyo General Hospi-
tai. There was a man whose
hands and feet had frozen while
he lay wounded beside the Chosin
Reservoir. They were as black
as four pieces of soft coal. He
was full of penicillin and floating
in morphine fog, but he could
still talk. The doctors told me
they would probably not have
to amputate everything - some
fingers and toes would be saved.
I remember how a little Japa-
nese nurse, in her white starched
cap, gave him another injection
while he told me, in a dull, fara-
way voice, how the Chinese Com
munists had climbed up on the
stalled trucks and sub-machine-
gunned the American wounded
trapped in the icy valleys. He
had pretended death-and sur
vived. But he did not look at
his hands.
DI~~I.. D~hs~-L
Evening star., 1960-06-19

Mr.. Ishizuka is Washington
correspondent for the Mainichi
newspapers Of Japan.
Evening star., 1960-06-19

stupidity as realization sank in
that they were alone in the mid
ole Of Korea, on the edge of no.
man's-land, on that twilight win
ter road. with nothing but the
clothes they wore.
Scenes on the Way
There was the old couple walk
ing down the railroad track at
Pyongtaek with their daughter,
her husband. their two small
babies and boy of about 6. Night
was falling, and a wet snow was
soaking their quilted cotton cloth
ing. The old woman could walk
no more. For her it was the end
of the road, the final end, and she
knew it. There was short argu-
ment. but she rejected all help.
Desperately, flercely, she gestured
them onward. They carried her to
the shelter of a railroad shack
beside the tracks and started
walking south again. But after
about 20 steps the old man shook
his head, turned around, and
walked back to die beside his wife
when the deep cold came with
midnight to freeze them to death
in their wet clothes. The young
couple looked at them for a mo-
ment with bowed heads, then
silently turned and marched on
with the children.
Then the army pulled itself to-
gether and fought again in it's
bloody-named Operation Killer"
This was savage, swaying, fighting
stand where you are and die in
your tracks.
The names of the battles were
Wonju, Chipyong, and Hoengsong
where the third Chinese Com
munist human-sea dashed against
a modern army that was learning
how to fight and didn't dare re-
treat because there was nothing
more to retreat to.
At Wonju two pig-headed Com
munist divisions fortunately ig-
nored 12-mile hole in the Second
Divisions front and marched ro-
bot-like into a hastily arranged
artillery ambush. This "Wonju
shoot" as 1 named it in an AP
dispatch, caught the Communists
where they could neither 60 for
ward or back. 1t killed so many
on the hillsides that an Army pi-
lot, flying overhead in a Spotting
plane radioed back, "the blood is
running down the hill into the
river"
Infantry Brewery
At Chipyong, the 23rd Infantry
with the French battalion fought
one of the finest regimental battles
in the history of the American
Army-probably the finest regi-
mental action of the entire war.
Surrounded on a low ring of
hills around Chipyong for three
days-and IL miles deep inside
the Communist lines = the 23rd
and the French gave more than
they got and the French volun-
Evening star., 1960-06-19
A Bloody Retreat

Then there are memories of
the Withdrawals, the villages
burning in the night, the ex-
hausted, beaten men. The short,
Stocky, Republic of Korea CROK)
soldiers retreating down the
snowy road, their feet wrapped
in bloody rags but carrying their
weapons.
Evening star., 1960-06-19
The Korean War After 10 Years. Still Enigma to It's Soldiers

Ten years ego on June Is. commu-
mist forces struck in Korea and q bitter,
frustrotins struggle besun. The ordeoI
wos followed by peace without vic
tory, q peace without eIotion. In the
following article, the Associated Press's
chief Of bureau in Tokyo-who helped
cover much Of the Korean wor-reeoIIs
its anguish, horror and heroism.
Evening star., 1960-06-19

teerS wrapped their heads in red
French paratrooper scarves and
gave the startled Chinese Com
munists a "mansei'" charge of
their own with bayonetS.
One American infantry COM
pany, reduced to a second lieu
tenant and 10 men and driven off
the ridge, pulled itself together
and counter attacked until the
artillery drove the Chinese Com
munists off the creStline.
After the battle, by actual count,
1900 dead Communists covered
the slopes around Chipyong -
against less than 80 dead inside
the perimeter.
The Eighth Army had become
professional.
Three weeks later I accompa-
MED the 1st Marine Division when
it recaptured Hoengsong. We
charged through the town on
tanks, passed the frozen bodies of
the dead. and rushed the hills
beyond. Not shot was fired until
we reached the crest, when a
Chinese Communist machinegun-
ner on the next ridge suddenly
sawed off the top of our hill. A
Marine scout had just lifted up
his head to peer over, and the
machine gun burst drove a bullet
into his left temple and stung my
face with flying gravel. He was
less than 8 feet from me,
and I will never forget the snock
of how quickly a vital, charging
man could be converted into a
corpse. His blood spattered over
us. and I was so cold that little
droplets of it froze as bright and
glossy as fingernail polish.
April and May saw the last great
Evening star., 1960-06-19

stupidity as realization sank in
that they were alone in the mid
Ole Of Korea, on the edge of no.
man's-land, on that twilight win
ter road. with nothing but the
clothes they wore.
The Nome nugget., 1960-12-02
Former Wife Of Gov. Troy
Passes On At Age of 81

PORT ANGELES, Wash, Rl-
Mrs. Minerva E. Troy, 81, former
wife of Alaska's governor in
1888 80, died here Wednesday
after a long illness.
Her marriage here in 1892 to
John w. Troy was the first per-
formed in a church in Clallam
County. They went to SkagWay,
Alaska, in the Klondike gold rush
of 1897 and were divorced a
number of years later after re-
turning to this state.
Troy purchased the Juneau
newspaper Alaska Empire in 1914
and owned and managed it until
his death in 1912. He was APP
pointed governor of Alaska in
1888 by President Franklin D.
Roosevelt.
Mrs. Troy came to Port Angeles
in 1890 to join her father, DR.. F..
S. Lewis, pioneer physician for
the Puget Sound Cooperative Col
ony, which settled in Port An
geles in the '80s.
She served with the Red Cross
in France in World War 1 and
was a prominent artist, musician
and vocalist here for two score
years. She suffered a gripping
stroke six years ago.
Mrs. Troy's two daughter, Mrs.
Helen Monsen of Juneau and Mrs.
George Lingo of Anchorage, were
here when she died.
Funeral services will be held
here Saturday in the Mcdonald
Funeral Home.
The Nome nugget., 1960-12-02
7 TV QUIZ CONTESTANTS
TO BE TRIED FOR PERJURY

NEW YORK, R-Seven former
television quiz show contestants
pleaded innocent yesterday to
perjury in denying to grand
jury that they received questions
and answers in advance.
The cases of nine others, who
have entered motions to test the
legality of grand jury informa-
lions returned against them, were
adjourned until Jan. 10.
Pleading innocent were Charles
Van Doren, David Mayer and
Ruth Klein, whose cases were set
for trial on Jan. 10, and Patricia
Nance, Terry Curtis, Henrietta
Dudley and Patricia Sullivan,
whose trials were set for Feb. 8.
The Nome nugget., 1960-12-02
Suspension of Drivers
Licenses to be Enforced
By State Police

JUNEAU, lRl-State Police were
ordered to increase their efforts
in enforcing driving license sus-
pensions imposed as a result of
traffic offense convictions or in
voked under the Safety Respon-
sibility Act
Public Safety Commissioner
Martin B. Underwood, estimating
that rs per cent of the drivers
whose licenses have been rocked
are continuing to drive, said a
monthly list of suspensions will
be sent to all state and local
police organizations.
Underwood said another list,
including the names of all drivers
whose licenses have been sus-
pended but who have not sur
rendered them, was also dis
tributed in recent days.
The driving case records of
these individuals, Underwood
said, have been tagged" in State
Police files in Juneau. If any
traffic citations or accident alb
stracts indicating these persons
drove while their license was sus-
pended, the District Attorney in
the community where the person
lives will be requested to pre-
pare a complaint charging "driV-
ing while license suspended"
The charge, on conviction, car
ries a mandatory Today Jail SEN
tence and an additional one-year
period of suspension of license.
The Nome nugget., 1960-12-02


method of control later How dumb does Russia think the rest
of the world is?
colonies but by of military
Poland Hungary, Czechoslovakia,
Rumania Albania, Bulgaria. Mongolia North Korea
neghborg peoples whom she dominates all of whom hate her
CUTS.
What did Powers think he do for 100000
the Pntagon? When think of all the dedicated
who have given their lives for their country ptul
Captain digned
more respect than Powers cringing
Did you Oonder ho0 line goes from Moscow and
picked up instantly throughout The oorld? Sop testing the
atomic bomb appeared everywhere but in Russia Aning that
inefereS Nth Communistc interests becomes slogan for the
Reds around the worM = Lately its = abandon
bases.
interesting Mitchell detected
they TV and said Realizing the horrors of the
Before they used it, heard the line by
in Greenwich Village New York and again San Francisco
Russia feared thin Finland
When Cuba the Cubans,
rights Guantanamo When squeak
fend ourselves wonder when will have had enough
mist threats
It's positively myaing how people hate America The moment
they taken by the Communists Could be something
they caught from the Russians?
It's hard for the midst of freedom appreciate
washing phony captured peo
believe he