davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-04-10
BY ERIC GEIGER
ContributIng Writer

OTTAWA, Canada. - Hundreds
of estranged wives and husbands
in Quebec and Newfoundland are
anxiously following a current de-
bate in the Canadian House of
Commons.
Their concern is a natural one.
Parliament is discussing whether
they should be granted a divorce.
According to an archaic and
much-fought-over custom, once
each session the House of Com
mons turns into a divorce court,
handling all divorce cases from
the province of Quebec and New
foundland.
Each individual divorce requires
a special parliamentary bill. The
only accepted cause-adultery.
It usually works very smoothly,
with as many as 100 or more bills
going through in minutes. But
this year the parliamentary di-
vorce mill has hit a snag.
Some Are Embarrassed
Two lone CCF Nabor) members
have started fllibuster in order
to force the government to figure
out another arrangement for
granting divorces.
Evening star., 1960-04-10

there had been any policy as such
to "coddle" dictators, and again
voiced hope for economic de-
velopment programs in Latin
America. But for the first time.
in bluntly worded appraisal,
the President called the Castro
regime in Cuba a betrayal" Of
the ideals of the revolution.
Il must state that many long
time friends of Cuba in the
United States and elsewhere in
the hemisphere who were heart
ened by the ideals expressed by
the present leaders of Cuba when
they assumed control have been
gravely disillusioned by what is
coming to be considered a be-
trayal of these ideas in such mat
ters as freedom of expression.
equal protection of the laws and
the right freely to choose a rep
resentative form of government"
Mr.. Eisenhower wrote.
Altnough there was no lmme-
diate reaction from Havana, no
one doubted that something
would not be long in exploding.
At the least. diplomats expected
a new television diatribe from
Fidel Castro himself, and prob
ably formal protest to the State
Department.
Last week a tally showed that
of IA Havana newspapers and
periodicals critical of the Castro
government since it seized power
in January, 1859, only four are
still in business. All the four sur
vivors are Eeportedly in dire
financial straits and under threat
of closure.
Evening star., 1960-04-10
Continued From Page B-1

SOhthiuCu AOAl oSC LII
he said. docs not despair of the
progressive diminution of opposi-
ton between these two ways of
life in a peaceful atmosphere
through evolution conditioned, on
the one hand, by the aspiration
of human nature for liberty, and,
on the other, by the pursuit of
progress, which demands eff
ciency."
Gen. de Gaulle's next visit will
be to the United States, where
there will undoubtedly be new dis
cussions at Camp David. That trip,
scheduled for this month, will
complete the round of pre- summit
talks that began, for all practical
purposes, with the first visit of
Mr.. Macmillan to Moscow and
then to Paris and Washington in
March of 1859. The summit-prob-
ably the first of several-will be
reached on May 16 at Geneva.
There. perhaps, the fruitfulness
of all this global neighborliness
may be gagged at last.
Evening star., 1960-04-10
Disarmament:
A New Start?

At Geneva last week, each side
in the donation disarmament
Conference had rejected fatty
the proposed program of the
other. But the deadlock brought
no sense of failure to the con-
fereeS.
When the delegates of five
Western nations and five from the
Socialist camp gathered at Geneva
Evening star., 1960-04-10
A REPORT FROM GENEVA
Soviets Play Both Ends

perhaps 80 per cent true, but it
effectively destroyed whatever
propaganda leverage the West
had been able to muster. At the
weeks end. there was little or no
pressure on Moscow to settle down
and negotiate in earnest.
Western diplomats believe there
are fields. in addition to the test
ing of nuclear weapons, where
both East and West have an in
terest in a certain amount of arms
limitation and control. Once dis
covered, they could be subjects of
productive negotiation. the West
believes-negotiation which could
make Of summitry a sound and
worthwhile enterprise.
The Soviet attitude toward
atomic testing encourages many
to believe that it makes sense to
continue the search. The idea of
an enforced ban on explosions
above a certain threshold" or
magnitude, and a temporary
moratorium on bangs" below
that size was worked out here
in long secret negotiations.
Machinery Tokes Time
Westerners point out that once
a treaty we're to be agreed upon,
it would take at least couple Of
years to get the inspection ma
chinery set up and in operation.
During that period, compliance
with the treaty would have to be
taken on faith, in any event. There
would be, in fact, an unenforced
moratorium" whether it was
called that or not.
To spend that time studying
technical means of detecting and
identifying bangs" below the
ATS threshold would be a useful
thing to do, the West believes.
WeSterners here do not see why
their governments cannot buy"
this part of the Soviet plan.
What remains to be settled Is
the terms and conditions of Red
China's participation in the test
ban, and the size of the quota of
annual on-site inspections.
On the latter point, "Scratchy," !"
as the West calls Soviet Delegate
Semyon Tsarapkin (that being the
literal translation of his last
name) has said very little. He
has indicated that he wants fewer
than 10 inspections a year.
That would not be enough, and
on this point the whole negotia-
ton could collapse. But Western
delegates believe "Scratchy" is
saving the subject for a dramatic
concession by Mr.. Khrushchev at
the Summit Conference.
Evening star., 1960-04-10
Private Talks

Disposal of the formal programs
also paved the way for the be-
ginning of private talks-more
exchanges of views" - between
Mr.. Zorin, Mr.. Eaton and their
colleagues. The persistence of op-
timism in Geneva, despite the
apparent deadlock. is based on the
conviction shared by most diplo-
mats that the real mission of the
confereeS between now and May
Is is to narrow the issues as much
as possible.
On May is Mr.. Khrushchev,
Mr., Macmillan. Gen. de Gaulle
and President Eisenhower will sit
down together for the summit
conference. If the disarmament
negotiators by that date have
managed to discard the non-es-
Evening star., 1960-04-10
Confusion Over Wool Tariffs
Back Over Plans for Revision

The system is equally unpopu-
lar with foreign mill operators
who operate at break-neck speed
during the first part of the year
and then have a let-down when
the higher duty goes into affect.
While there is general agree
ment that the present system is
undesirable, there is no such una
nimity regarding the proper sub
stitute for it.
Some Recommendations
One idea being discussed here
with great seriousness is to set a
year-round ad valorem rate. It is
not easy, however, to determine
what rate would give the same
degree of protection as the pres
ent quota arrangement.
ANY fool can see 35 per cent is
a compromise figure" says a Com
merce Department spokesman.
State Department officials dis
agree. however, and say they
would need to apply proper and
complicated weights to come up
with the right figure. Tariff Com
mission officials predict that if
the United States goes higher than
35 per cent the countries involved
will expect tariff reductions for
other items in compensation.
Another possibility is to set diff
ferent ad valorem rates accord
ing to prices of the goods. This
is favored by those who want to
stem the flood of low-priced Ital-
ian goods. This would be more
difficult to administer and prob
ably would bring a demand from
Italy for tariff reductions else
where.
Setting ad valorem rates by
categories of fabrics would enable
the United States to vary the
tariffs according to the degree of
competition with United States
goods. This system would require
constant adjustment, however,
and could become an administra-
tive horror if the categories we're
too detailed.
Another idea is to allow small
Evening star., 1960-04-10
For Nine PoIoris Subs

If Congress approves, the Navy's
Polaris program for next year will
include money to start construc-
ton of three submarines and to
buy long-lead-time parts for nine
more. About 10 days ago, the Navy
announced it was transferring S52
million from other projects to
speed the construction of seven
of the nine Polaris submarines al
ready authorized.
These seven submarines, plus
the two scheduled to join the feet
late this year, will mean that the
Navy will have 144 solid-fuel Po-
laris missiles, with maximum
ranges of from l $50 to 1850 miles
at sea by the end of 1862.
The 18 additional Air Force
Atlas missiles also would be ready
Evening star., 1960-04-10
A Deadlock

On Thursday both sides we're
left with a cleared and empty
table when Mr.. Zorin, speaking
for the five Communist nations
at the conference, announced that
the Western program could not
serve as the basis for further ne
gotiation." The Geneva confer
ence, like all its predecessors,
seemed deadlocked.
But this deadlock brought no
gloom to the conferees. Indeed, it
had been expected and predicted
all along, and in some diplomatic
circles it was actually welcomed
because it swept away the pre-
pared positions without inhibiting
the search for new and more flex-
ible ones. In effect, the conference
was out of the trenches and ready
to maneuver in the open.
The Soviet side lost no time in
submitting a new set of propos-
ais, but the Vests first reaction
was to call them "the same old
salad with new Russian dressing"
In any case, it was certain that
they would serve as a basis for
continued talks, and as a con-
venient device for encouraging
debate on fundamentals during
the next few weeks.
Evening star., 1960-04-10
Castro Cuba:
Betrayal?

President Eisenhower, in a
letter to Chilean students,
warned that friends of the
Castro government in Cuba
have been "gravely disillu-
stoned" by trends and events
since Castro came to power.
When President Eisenhower was
in Santiago. on his recent tour of
South America, a Chilean student
organization asked him why the
United States seemed to support
Latin American dictators and to
move reluctantly in offering en-
couragement for democracy and
economic aid. He promised to
reply, and Friday he did.
In a long letter delivered
through the United States Am
bassador. Mr.. Eisenhower was ex-
ceptionally frank. He denied that
Evening star., 1960-04-10
By JACK JONAS
Star Travel Editor

Travel. the United States third
largest industry. is the biggest
single contributor to our foreign
trade imbalance.
This year we will spend 81 bill
lion more in foreign markets than
will be spent by foreign buyers
here. One-fourth of this-$l
billion-will be attributable to a
combination Of the, itchy feet of
Americans and an almost studied
past indifference to promoting
travel to this country from other
lands.
Nobody cared much in 1949
when this exchange Of people cost
the Nation a mere $3.50 million.
But now that it is growing toward
the 81 billion mark, there is in
creasing concern in Congress.
This increasing concern is evi-
denced in the scheduling of hear
ingS next month before the Senate
Committee on Interstate and
Foreign Commerce.
The committee, set to delve into
the problem of Americas trade
imbalance, had originally planned
to devote half a day to dis
cussing the travel aspect. Now
two full days are scheduled-May
2 and 3-to hear witnesses from
the travel industry.
The committee will be con-
sidering at least one bill, and
possibly two, calling for the
creation of a strong Government
travel Office.
Moenuson's Proposal
The bill they are certain to
consider is one introduced by
Committee Chairman Magnuson.
Evening star., 1960-04-10
By WILLIAM r. FRYE
Contributing Writer

GENEVA.-There is a curious
dualism about Soviet diplomacy
here in Geneva under the shadow
Of the snow-capped Swiss Alps.
On the one hand, Moscow's
men seem to be negotiating Seri-
ously, even eagerly. for a ban on
the testing of nuclear weapons.
Their attitude has raised high
hopes of the first real break in
East-West relations since the log
Jam set in the 1940s.
On the other hand, in a second
parallel conference here which is
supposed to be discussing all other
aspects of disarmament. the Rus
slams are woodenly reciting the
lines of an old-fashioned propa-
ganda melodrama. They are strik-
ing familiar cold-war postures,
and baking at Western ideas in
the trueSt tradition of VishinSky
and Gromyko, that famous pair
of "nyet boys" from the early days
Of the UN at Lake Success.
With Tongue in Cheek
The Russians here at Geneva
are talking with their tongue in
both cheeks. and talking fast. The
West is having all it can do to
keep up with them.
The question that Immediately
arises is: Why? Why should Mos
COW consider a test ban in its in
terest, while it stalls and filibus-
ters on real disarmament?
The best answer available here
is that Soviet Premier Khrushchev
believes the inspection necessary
for test ban would be an ac-
ceptable price to pay for the re-
taxation and general detente
which would follow from such an
agreement-but that real disar-
pmament with real control would
be far too high a price.
Day after day, week after week,
Soviet Delegate Valerian Zorin
gallopS into the conference room
here riding his white horse of
general and complete disarma-
ment," knowing as he must
know-that the total scrapping of
weapons in this day and age Is
as utopian as streets paved with
gold and diamonds.
Just when the West thinks he
may at long last be ready to set
tie down and talk about some
thing practical. he digs his spurs
into the steed once again and
goes charging down the Avenue
de la Paix with heraldic armor
cleaning.
The West has tried to unhorse
Evening star., 1960-04-10

him-to pin him down to yes
or-no answer on something prac-
tical and concrete. 1t has pro-
posed, for example, an enforced
ban on earth satellites carrying
H-bomhs-the kind of thing that
makes foresighted people here
shudder.
Mr.. zorin knocked that one out
of the park last week the way
Mickey Mantle would wallop a
softball in a girls dormitory
league. He said the West was
just trying to neutralize the Soviet
lead in space weaponry.
The charge, of course, was only
Evening star., 1960-04-10

country lost between 81 and So
billion in gold and other interna-
tional exchange reserves. Fully
one-quarter of this amount can
be traced to the imbalance in
foreign travel"
Others Spend Money
In the United States. foreign
governments spend $40 million
over and above the money spent
in advertising and sales work by
such goVernment-owned carriers
as Air France, British Overseas
Airways Corporation, and KIM
Royal Dutch Airlines-in promot-
ing foreign travel by Americans.
Why, then, is there no United
States Government Travel Office?
One argument is that the Ma
ton has been prosperous enough
without having to depend on
money from foreign vacationists.
Another is that creation of a
traVel ONCE SmackS of a subsidy
to the travel industry. One wit
ness is expected to argue during
the hearings that if it is a subsidy
it is a subsidy for virtually every
industry in the country, and that
no industry aids other industries
as much as travel.
And there has been fear on tie
part of some that a Government
travel office might become a gil
gantic boondoggle with fancy Of
fees rather than a seriously work.
ing aid to the travel industry.
State and local governments
have found official travel Offices
a good investment-they now
spend a combined total of SIT
million a year extolling the glories
OF their respective localities.
Evening star., 1960-04-10
The Foreign Scene

last March IS to seek a formula
for effective disarmament, there
were two programs laid on the
table. One was the Khrushchev
plan, outlined at the United Ma
tions last September, for total
disarmament within four years.
The other was Western proposal
for a gradual, carefully phased
and even more carefully policed
reduction in ornaments, ending
in disarmed world kept in order
by an international police force.
After considerable sparring, in
cluding charges and counter
charges familiar from previous
disarmament conferences, tn e
West last Tuesday acted to wind
up the preliminaries. Fredrick
M. Eaton, heading the American
delegation, told Valerian A. Zorin,
veteran Soviet disarmament ex-
pert that Mr.. Khrushchev's pro-
posals could not serve as a prac-
tical basis for discussion. They
provided no controls, said Mr..
Eaton, during the actual disarm-
ing stages, and envisaged no in
ternational enforcement later.
Evening star., 1960-04-10

II certain technicalities are ironed
out. a similar bill by Senator
Javits, Republican of New York,
also will be considered.
Moenuson Proposal
Senator Magnuson proposes
creating a Government travel Of
fee which would spend one-half
of one per cent of the total spent
in the United States each year by
foreign travellers, no matter what
their origin.
Senator JavitS would exclude
the amount spent by visitors from
Canada and Mexico, but would
up the appropriation to one full
per cent of the money spent by
alien visitors here.
Both formulas would mean
roughly IS million for a United
States Government Travel Office.
This would grow proportionately
as travel by foreign visitors grows.
The money would be spent pri-
marily on advertising in the for
eign press. printing and distri-
buting brochures and other travel
literature, and in setting up travel
Offices abroad.
Currently, the United States is
spending about $4,000 a year
through its International Travel
Division in the Department of
Commerce-in promoting travel
to the United States.
This is less than that spent by
the tiny colony of Singapore. by
the Philippines, or by the Bel
gian Congo. Haiti, by no means
rich country, spends four times as
much as the United States. Great
Britain spends $2.8 million a year,
and France $2.6 million.
The term promotion" in con-
Evening star., 1960-04-10
importance to Manufacturers

SOAb pACSouIcs IlOWeV6r, IOr Iurs
ther exception.
Importance to Manufacturers
Needless to say, American wool
manufacturers are greatly inter-
ested in the upcoming negotia-
tions. In hearings before the
Tariff Commission, which preceded
the agencies recommendation to
the White House, the manufac-
turers complained of high costs,
which put them at a competitive
disadvantage with foreigners.
These costs necessitate protection,
they argued, dwelling on the great
expense of employing American
labor.
What they did not point out is
that nothing now being considered
is likely to cure the ills of the
American woolen industry. High
labor costs are not all that is
troubling it. Costs for it's raw
material, wool, are kept artifcially
high both from domestic and for
eign sources.
The Agriculture Department
spends many million Of dollars
year in incentive payments" to
encourage output of high-cost wool
in this country. In addition tariff
on imports of raw wool vary from
13 cents to 2512 cents a pound,
according to grade.
Thus cut off from any source
of cheap raw materials, the woolen
industry is having difficulty meet
ing competition from synthetics.
Indeed, the American woolen in
dustry today is only half the size
it was 10 years ago. The typical
small New England woolen mill is
fast disappearing from the Ameri-
can scene.
1t thus appears that anyone who
thinks new tariffs can solve the
problems for the woolen industry
is having the wool pulled over his
eyes.
Evening star., 1960-04-10
Creation of Federal TroveI Office
Pushed to End Foreign Imbo|once

nection with the United States
efforts is something Of a mis-
nomer. Much Of its S50,000 is
spent preparing statistics on how
much Americans spend abroad
and how much foreign travellers
spend here.
Senator Magnuson, discussing
his bill, seemed almost bitter.
Not only have we failed to &C
lively promote the advantages of
America as tourist destination,
he wrote, "our Governments pol
icy has often seemed to be aimed
at actually discouraging alien
visitors.
Embarrassing Prospect
In contrast to the welcome mat
which other nations regularly put
out to our citizens our Gov
ernment presents to potential for
eign visitors only the prospect of
interminable visa delays, embar-
RAISING security investigations, un-
pleasant customs inspections and,
until recently. the ordeal of fin
gefprinting.
Considering this country's one
way street approach to interna-
tional tourist promotion, it is not
surprising that the number of
Americans who travel abroad
every year is so high and the
number of our foreign friends who
visit us is so low.
What is surprising, and Of in
creasingly greater concern. is that
the outflow of dollars resulting
from this travel gap has become
a major factor in the serious bal
ance Of payments problem which
now faces the United States =.
during the past two years, this
Evening star., 1960-04-10
Continued From Page B-1

Continued From Page B-1
10 most recent Polaris test flrings
were successful.
He asked the committee to
back the administration revision
of its military budget so that
long lead time items principally
nuclear reactors) for six addition
al Polaris submarines might be
bought. In addition, he asked ap-
proval for the purchase of 18
more liquid fuel Atlas ICBMs and
for the speed-up of the. Ballistic
Missile Early Warning System
(BMEWS) and the Midas early
warning satellite.
Evening star., 1960-04-10

sential differences between East
and West, and to define those
that are truly essential. then, it is
hoped, progress "at the summit"
will insure progress at the arms
reduction sessions.
Lending strength to this view,
the confereeS yesterday agreed to
recess on April 80. The disarma-
ment talks thus will be suspended
through the summit conference in
May, and probably through the
scheduled visit of President Eisen-
hover to the Soviet Union in June.