davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-25
Pope Celebrates
18th Birthday

VATICAN CITY. Nov. Is
(AP) Pope John XIII was
10 years old today. The, Vati-
cans yellow and gold flags
were unfurled in his honor but
there was no special celebra-
ton.
A registry was placed in the
Vatican Palace for the sigma
lures OF diplomats accredited
to the Vatican and other per-
sonalities who called to ex-
press their congratulations.
For the pontif the day was
another day of routine work.
This included a general au-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-25

ton OF strength program of
Chancellor Konrad Adenauer
and his Christian Democratic
Union. In the past the Social
Democrats have fought rear
mament of West Germany. the
draft and any indication that
the government would accept
a possible NATO offer Of atomic
weapons.
Socialist resolutions and
speeches left no doubt that
they still do not like these mill
tary steps. But hard facts have
brought them to accept a
strong defense and a party
platform that greatly narrows
the foreign policy gap between
the Socialists and the Christian
Democrats.
In his acceptance speech,
Mayor Brandt told the Con-
gress that the Socialists de-
Tense policy will carry on West
Germany's North Atlantic
Treaty obligations.
Necessity for Strength Seen
He stressed that modern
military equipment and arma-
ment are essential parts of
the indivisible security" of
the free West.
Our foreign policy must
not stand STILL" Mayor Brandt
said. I'VE must not allow our
selves to be. hypnotized by
Communist might. Germany
must make its contribution to
a future new phase in world
politics"
The platform says: with
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-25

concession-a 50-year lease on
the Saimaa Canal. Never before
has the Soviet Union given q
lease within It's territory.
The 36-mile- long canal con-
meets a rich Finnish timber
region with the Baltic. The
Firms had to resort to expensive
overland routes for their timber
exports when the Soviet border
was pushed beyond the canal
and the port Of Viipuri tnow
called Vyborg) near the end of
World War II.
The Firms also won Moscow's
acquiescence to their associa-
ton with the European Free
Trade Area. The trade block
Of seven Western European
nations aims at lower and rela-
lively uniform tariffs among its
members. The Russians in
sisted on keeping their most
favored nation treatment in
trade with Finland. however.
Western diplomats in London
reported that a European Com
munist leader has represented
Mr.. Khrushchev as being
alarmed by Red !China's de-
mandS for a tougher Commu-
mist policy and her claims that
she soon will become a nuclear
power.
The Communist leader, whose
identity was not disclosed, was
said to have informed a re-
sponsible Western diplomat that
President Liu Shao-chi of Red
China told the Moscow summit
parley the Chinese have at
least four atomic reactors In
operation and that these could
be used either for peaceful or
weapons purposes.
Mr.. Khrushchev was repre-.
sented as eager to patch I'D
his argument with the Red
Chinese in order to win time
to reach agreements with the
West on disarmament and
other issues.
The London sources said
they believed Mr.. Khrushchev
feared a nuclear- armed China
might be tempted to drag the
Communist world into danger
Gus ventures.
Recent Khrushchev state
ments have indicated, however,
that he hopes to renew dis
armament negotiations soon
after President ELECT John F..
Kennedy takes office and is
interested in pressuring the
West into an agreement that
would leave controls to the
future.
Peiping broadcasts. mean
while, indicated Red Chinese
have been busy
seeking converts to their hard
line among leftist- leaning AZ
ricans and Asians. One such
report said the Executive Com
mittee Of the Afro-Asian soli-
organization, at a
recent meeting in Lebanon.
gave its blessing to the Chinese
line by declaring it was i'm
possible for the peoples Of
colonies to live in peace with
the imperialist and colonialist
system"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-25
Main Decisions
Reportedhade
At Red Summit

MOSCOW, Nov. rs (AP)-
The world wide Communist
summit conference. in secret
session here since November o
may be near its end.
Reports at a Soviet Finnish
reception last night said the
conference has reached its main
decisions in the argument be-
tween Red China and Soviet
camp over Communist tactics,
These reports suggested that
the talks might wind up to-
night.
Reports f1ltering through to
outsiders have indicated tile
conference has been dominated
by determined bargaining and
long speeches over Soviet Pre-
mier Khrushchev's line that
communism is now so strong il
can win the world through pa
tient peaceful competition with
Western capitalism.
Chinese Line Harder
The Red Chinese, voicing a
much harder line, contend that
war is inevitable as long as cap
italism exists, and that COM
munism would come out VIC
torious from the ashes of q
nuclear war.
Pravda declared Wednesday
that peaceful coexistence is still
the valid and controlling factor
of Soviet policy. This was
taken by some observers to
mean that the Chinese views
have been submerged at least to
the extent that the split can
be CLOSED over in a proclama-
ton of Communist unity.
Officially, the Communists
have never admitted that a
summit meeting has been going
on. But apparently another
big session was held yesterday.
Long lines of limousines carried
the foreign delegates to and
from the Kremlin.
Firms Get Canal Lease
The Soviet Finnish reception
highlighted a visit here by
Finnish President Urho Kek-
konen, who won an important
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-25

the support Of its allies, a
new government must safe
guard the rights Of Berlin and
prevent the former German
capitals separation from the
West" ,
It also emphasizes that, if
elected, a Socialist govern
nent will fulfill all of West
Germany's North Atlantic
Treaty obligations and "eouip
the West German forces ef-
fectively."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-25
New Cars Save Tuxes

Fla. (AP).
The Florida Hotel and Restau-
rant Commission has saved ST.
.772.40 on gasoline purchases
this year by putting its inspec-
tors in compact cars, according
to Commissioner Richard Ed
gerton.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-25
Oregon Rains Flood
I owns, Freeze Hits

PORTLAND, Greg, Nov. Is (AP).-Flooding streams poured
water through scores Of Western Oregon communities today.
Some relief came to the drenched Willamette Valley, however,
as torrential rains slackened and freezing weather choked of
heavy runoff in the Cascade Mountains.
Flood waters swirled from ankle to waist depth. One town
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-25

dience for several thousand
persons IN the Clementine Han
OF the Vatican Palace.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-25
Socialists Pick
Brandt 10 Run,
Change Policy

Germany, Nov.
Is (AP).-The Social Demo-
Gratis today unanimously ac-
claimed West Berlin Mayor
Willy Brandt as their candi-
date for Chancellor, to run on
the most pro- Western platform
the party has ever framed.
The 47-year-old Mayor was
DESIGNATED months ago by lead
ing Socialists to be Chancellor
II the party wins next years
national election. His indorse-
ment by the current Socialist
Congress had never been
doubted.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-25
Major Policy Shift

The party's platform, called
the Hanover Appeal, and adj
ditional party resolutions put
the Socialists firmly on the
side of the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization and even
opened the way for Socialist
approval of atomic arms for the
army.
This is a major shift in poll
icy for the Socialists. For years
they have criticized the posi-
Evening star., 1960-07-07
RALPH McGILL
Europe QuizzicoI About u. S.

cry until 1864 or 1865. Will
it then be a good aircraft?
The answer is Of course not.
But, because Of Congressional
cutbackS you cannot manu-
facture and sell it to us. Is
it honest or good sense to
insist on our purchase Of a
plane which will be obsolete
when we can have It? Does
it not give Communists sn
opportunity to talk about i'm
perialist businessmen trying
to get profits? Does it not
hurt us with our own Left?
Why must America do this
to friends. Cannot they tell
us the truth?"
There is anti-American
talk in Europe, but it comes
only from the Left. The
truth is no one more wants
this country to do well than
our European friends. But,
they see our election coming
and the long months in
which there will mostly be
politics. They are not too
impressed with any of The
candidates, although they
admit they are not well in
formed. So, they ask if Amer
lea can cope with the prob
lem of world leadership which
fate has given it? Does the
machinery permit. Our an
swer is important.
Evening star., 1960-07-07
DORIS FLEEsoN
Optimists Are Still Trying

manager for his brother, has
said they will oppose a policy
of no switches, as envisioned
by Mitchell.
1t is, however, the famous
struggle between Senators
John Kennedy and Estes Ke-
fauver for the vice-presidency
in 1855 which prompted
Mitchell to suggest reform Of
the procedure. Mitchell cor
rectly says that the confusion
surrounding it left many
people, particularly television
viewers. with the impression
that Kennedy would have
been named if a more orderly
procedure had been followed.
National conventions are a
peculiSr institution, subject
to no opinion but their own
and having no life except the
few days each is in session.
They have in past years
seemed to prefer the ills that
aff1ict them than to fly to
others they know not of. Any
real struggle over the Mitch
ell-Collins ideas would prob
ably doom them entirely.
No contest between the
candidates yet impends with
respect to the platform. They
actually are showing little in
terest in it so far.
Evening star., 1960-07-07
DAVID LAWRENCE -
Good News, But Not Everlasting

The average man under
stands the simple fact that
nobody can keep going on a
sound basis if he doesn't have
money enough to meet his
current expenses. The govern
ment's position as a borrow
er can similarly be affected
adversely if deficits are con-
tinuous. Indeed, huge sums
of foreign gold are on de-
poSit in the United States
and can be withdrawn by
their owners at any moment
If American finances are not
kept in good order.
Such a drain would cause a
serious dislocation in the
money markets of the world.
President Eisenhower issued
a stern warning on May 3 in
a message to Congress which
is even more applicable to the
Nations financial situation in
the coming months than it
was at the time he delivered
it. He said:
For Americas sake we
must resist the temptation,
this year or any year, to over
spend the taxpayers hard
earned dollars and overcen-
traliZe responsibilities in the
Federal Government. If we
fail in this, we will weaken
our hope of ever controlling
Federal extravagance and will
indefinitely postpone debt re-
tirement and tax relief. At
the same time we will debaSe
our currency, invite the resur-
gence of inflationary forces,
undermine local and State re-
sponsibility, and thus erode
away Americas strength at
home and in the world"
There has been much talk
lately about Americas pres
tige being affected by Presi-
Dental trips and the aberra-
tions of Nikita Khrushchev.
But Americas prestige can
certainly be driven downward
very rapidly If Congress over
spends and if the national
budget is regarded as some
thing that can be kept unbal-
anced indefinitely while no
payments are made on the
$3.50 billion national debt.
(Copyright 1900
Evening star., 1960-07-07
Democratic Convention Chairman,
Counsel Seek Harmony Rules

LOS ANGELES-Optimists
are always coming along with
ideas for applying the rule
of reason to politics. There
are two here-Gov. Leroy
Collins of Florida, permanent
chairman of the convention,
and former National Chair
man Stephen A. Mitchell,
counsel to the convention
rules committee.
Their joint purpose is to
avoid confusion in the call
ing of the roll of the States.
Most Of such confusion arises
from the hallowed practice
of allowing the various dele
cations to switch their votes
before the final result is an
nounced.
Well organized and with a
friendly chairman welding
the gaVel, these switches are
a useful form of psychologi-
cal warfare and recognized
as such. Hence the import
ance of the permanent chair
man and the frequent hassles
over the job.
Already it is evident that
the Kennedy forces are plan
ming f1rst-ballot switches
from strategic States with
the object of making his
nomination appear inevita-
BILE. 1t is equally apparent
that his rivals would like to
Evening star., 1960-07-07

see some showdown of the
process so that the emotional
stampede aspect will be miss
ing or at least impeded.
Gov. Collins and Mitchell
insist that everybody will
profit from a solution which
will convince both the con-
vention and millions Of tele-
vision viewers that the count
is fair and honest, with no
one getting a better break
than his rivals. Their pre-
scriptions for achieving this
are different.
The permanent chairman
believes he can do it on his
own by devising some method
of arranging the switches be-
fore any one of them is called.
He does not want it strictly
alphabetical b &c ause that
might make it susceptible to
manipulation.
Mitchell is urging a change
in the rules which would bar
any State from changing its
vote during a roll call. His
plan provides for starting
another roll call as soon as
one is ended. Thus any
change desired by a State
must come on the succeeding
roll call.
Robert Kennedy, campaign
Evening star., 1960-07-07
CONSTANTINE BROWN
Eisenhower Supporters Charged
Taft Group With Rigging Tactics

The great battle for the
Democratic nomination is
now engaged. The main con-
tenders are the progressive
conservative, Senator Lyndon
johnson, and the left-of-cen-
ter Senator John Kennedy,
The Los Angeles convention
opens in an atmosphere re-
miniscent of that of 1852,
when Gen. Eisenhower's brain
trusters developed on the eve
of the nomination struggle
the slogan: Thou shalt not
steal" They referred to the
seating of two Southern dele
cations which they alleged
had been "rigged" by Sena-
tor Robert A. Taft's support
ers. This cry hurt the late
Mr.. Republican" who only
a few days before the con-
vention opened had been
assured of $50 votes.
Mindful of this, Senator
Kennedy last Monday fought
back the accusation hurled at
him, first by former President
Truman, that his followers
were trying to rig the con-
vention. Mr.. Truman did not
conf1ne his observations to
the somewhat loose reports
that the convention was being
rigged, but questioned the
maturity of the Massachu-
sets hopeful. Apparently Mr..
Kennedy misunderstood the
subtle observation of the for
mer Chief Executive. He in
terpreted it to mean that at
the age of 43 Senator Ken
nedy was not qualified to take
the helm at a time when
national and international
waters are more turbulent
than ever in our history.
Senator Kennedy replied
by marshalling some great
names in history: Alexander
the Great, George Washing
Evening star., 1960-07-07

There's a big piece Of good
news floating around here,
but it doesn't seem to have
attracted much attention.
After a deficit of $12.5 billion
a year ago, the Treasury of
the United States has come
up with a surplus of nearly
81 billion for the fiscal year
just ended.
It takes a little while for
all the statistics to be gath
cred and the final figures to
be tabulated. An official an
nouncement will come any
day now. When the new
fiscal year began on July l,
there were various estimates
published in the press that
the Treasury instead of the
5000 million surplus which
had previously been pre-
dicted, would have around a
$400 million or even a $3.50
million surplus.
Now it turns out that the
final figure for the surplus
will be closer to 81 billion
than to any of the figures
previously mentioned in print.
It's a very important
achievement to get a sur
plus after the big deficit
which arose on account of
the 1858 recession in busi-
ness. It's news, of course,
of paramount Importance to
everybody. For it means that
tax receipts are higher due
to better business conditions.
1t means also that imitation
has been temporarily checked,
or at least that the main
cause of imitation - past
treasury deficits - cannot be
considered for the immediate
future as the basic cause of
any inf1ationary trend.
Decreases in the purchas-
ing power of the dollar due
to initiation usually bring de-
mands for increased wages.
Everything depends, however,
on whether the surplus is just
a one-year affair or whether
it is to be maintained also
in the future.
Evening star., 1960-07-07
Russia Appoints
Envoy to Cubu

MOSCOW, July 7 (AP).-
Tass today announced the ap-
pcintment of Sergei Kudryavt-
sev as Soviet Ambassador to
Cuba.
Mr.. Kudryavtsev, a diplomat
with most of his experience in
Europe, has served in Paris,
Bonn, and Vienna and with
the Polish -Czechoslovak de-
partment of the Soviet Minis
try of Foreign Affairs,
Cuba broke diplomatic rela-
tions with the Soviet Union
under the dictatorship of Full
gencio Batista. Talk of resum-
ling relations between Moscow
and Havana began early this
year and the change was made
! official May 7.
Evening star., 1960-07-07
Can't Do 1t Alone but Has Serious
Doubts About Our Leadership

effective man. There are
always some who recall that
Franklin D. Roosevelt could
and did. But, even Woodrow
Wilson was not effective at
a great moment. The Euro
peans remember it was a set
of POLITICAL Borgias in the
Congress who poisoned his
program. So, they find ex-
cuses for Ike even as do the
people at home.
But, the concern remains.
Somehow, say the Euro
peans, we must know what
America will do. For us to
know this, she must know.
The Belgians understand
that our national self in
terests may make it neces-
sary for us to take a posi-
ton about the Congo which
will not please them. The
Netherlands recognizes the
same is true of Indonesia and
Dutch Guinea. But, what are
our national interests? If
they knew, they would better
know how to trim their own
diplomatic approaches to the
United States. We have had
fine words about freedom,
democracy and the principles
of NATO. Our friends believe
we mean them. But, what
we have done is to say a lot
of words without once bring
ing our own national pur-
poses, intents and interests
into focus. What are they?
Our friends would like to
know. They understand that
all nations have them. They
know their own all too well.
They mention one of the
NATO problems. 1t concerns
the F-104 aircraft. We have
encouraged the NATO ma
tions to buy it. 1t is an ex-
cellent aircraft. But, we are
no longer producing it. We
are buying it. A Belgian jour-
nalist of stature talked
strongly of this. "Our budget
is out of balance because of
the Congo needs" He said.
I'VE are being urged to buy
the F-104. We are willing.
We know it is a good air.
plane. But we can't get deliv-
Evening star., 1960-07-07
Convention Tension Has Parallel

issues advocated by the
Americans for Democratic
Action and organized labor.
But outside this, he does not
have any particularly out
standing record in the SEN
ate to qualify him, as Mr..
Truman pointed out, to han
die the most complex and
most responsible position in
the world under the present
conditions.
The world is now in the
throes of a revolution, the
end and consequence of
which nobody can foresee.
AS in preceding revolutionary
eras, Senator Kennedy points
out. the accent must be
placed on youth, which is
more energetic and idealistic
than the older generation.
This may be theoretically
true. But the facts these days
are that men such as Chan
cellor Adenauer (who is 83)
and Frances President de
Gaulle (who is 69) have sue
ceeded in restoring their
countries, which were on the
verge of politicG and eco
nomic bankruptc. 20 an un-
precedented moral and physi-
cal prosperity.
The outbursts of the revo-
lutionary youth already have
caused the downfall of the
established governments in
South Korea and Turkey. So
far the effects Of their move
ment have shown no other
benefits than a vague and
purely theoretical establish
ment of what they describe
as democracy" in both those
countries. In Japan the
youth" have succeeded in
playing into the hands of
international communism. It
may succeed in overthrow
ing the Kishi administration.
Youth, in its enthusiasm,
can easily tear down, but it
needs the guidance Of either
men Of real genius or wide
experience to build up again.
Evening star., 1960-07-07

ton, Thomas Jefferson, Alex
ander Hamilton, Napoleon,
William Pitt and others who
had become outstanding men
at early ages. The Demo-
cratic nomination candidate,
who at present claims the
greatest following at the con-
vention, overlooked the fact
that men with the genius of
those he mentioned are only
seldom born to a nation.
Moreover, most Of them had
proved their mettle before
they achieved fame and pow
er.
George Washington al
ready had a distinguished
military record before he was
entrusted with the command
OF the Continental Armies.
Napoleon defeated the Brit
iSh at Toulon when only an
unknown young artillery off
Ger. Later he was entrusted
with the command of the
Army of the Republic which
defeated the Austrians in
Italy. 1t was only after these
demonstrations of his genius
that he succeeded in entering
Frances disturbed political
arena by taking over the
consulate and eventually be-
coming the ruler of France
and Continental Europe.
William Pitt graduated
from Cambridge when he was
only II years old. At the age
of 81. when he was a mem
ber of the House of Com
mons, he introduced the bill,
controversial for those days,
to put an end to electoral
bribery. He had to fight ILL
ness and relative poverty be-
fore he became Britain's
foremost statesman.
Senator Kennedy has a
creditable record in politics.
He has voted right" on most
Evening star., 1960-07-07
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

Democratic summary at Los Angeles: Jack Kennedy is
too young, too Catholic too ang rigged-and 2to-1
be nominated.
Lyndon johnson the Nation Seasoned leader
ship Johnson faces Kennedy with slogan: Sage
before beauty"
Stu Symingtons manager Charlie Brown says his cand-
date is semi-da1k horse He everybody can see
Stu all right but nobody tell whether going any
place.
Stevenson camps analysis: johnson will stop Kennedy
Kennedy will stop Johnson Stevenson will stop Symington
At this point Paul Butler Mortified will stop the convention
Political theme songs Lyndon Johnson-"Nhateyer
Lyndon Wants, Lyndon Gets"
Evening star., 1960-07-07
RALPH McGILL

European Notebook: Con-
Germ in European countries
about American politics re-
fleets equal questioning Of
their own abilities and prob
lens.
They know they cannot go
it alone. Even the superb de
Gaulle does not so believe.
There is but one partner they
can have in hope and faith.
That is the United States.
But there is an uneasiness
in Europe which is new. It's
one which has not replaced,
but associated itself with
worry about the common en-
emy of communism. 1t stems
from a growing doubt that
the leadership of the United
States has the competence or
the machinery of govern
ment needed for effective
action. 1t is human nature for
us to put the best possible
face on the summit failures
and the Japanese Let's abil-
ity to prevent a presidential
visit. But it shook all our
friends. They are still our
friends. They wish to be Moth
ing else. But they are shaken
by doubts about our COM
petence.
Their attitude toward Pres
ident Eisenhower has in it
some of the quality which one
finds in America. There is no
man they more respect. They
recall his wartime leadership
with appreciation. They re-
member his visits to them
with pride. They have an af-
fection for him. But the truth
is they believe that with the
best of intentions, he pro-
duced no comprehensive lead
ership in critical times. And
they, as with the people at
home, are not really willing
entirely to blame so fine a
man for this.
The Europeans are asking
if our system of government,
with the power of congress
sional critics to delay, distort
and destroy, permits an
American President to be an