davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-06-26
Continued From Page d.

Continued FROM rage D-I
emotions in France as well as in
the North African province. OPP
ponentS of any settlement in Al
geria short of complete military
subjugation of the rebels might,
it was feared, seize the opportunity
for violent action when the FIN
representatives arrived.
Organization Of the new front
for a French Algeria over week
ago brought a crystalization of the
political opposition to Gen. de
Gaulle in France itself. Such
political professionals as Georges
Bidault, former Premier and For
eign Minister; Jacques Soustelle,
once a top aide to Gen. de Gaulle
and former cabinet minister;
Maurice Bourges- -Manoury, Also
former Premier, and other OPP
position leaders gathered around
the French Algeria standard.
They formed a group calling it
self the Committee of Vincennes"
to fight for "integration" of Al
geria with France.
Backing the President, however,
will be the enormous political
power Of organized labor. Last
week it was apparent that all
three branches Of organized labor
Socialist, Communist and Cath
olic-were united in supporting
the De Gaulle program for Algeria.
The cautious preparations for
the ceaseflre talks, and the alb
sence Of propaganda maneuvering
thus far, were being viewed in
Paris and in Tunis, the FIN head
quarters, as favorable indications
for the success Of the negotiations.
Success of the preliminary
negotiations, being conducted be-
ginning today by Ahmed Bou-
mendjel, the provisional govern
ment's top legal adviser, and Mo-
hammed ben Yahia, secretary
general and aide to Provisional
Evening star., 1960-06-26
Jopon

ASAHI daily newspaper -
Voices regrets about the way the
treaty achieved ratification, rec
ommends that negotiations be
held between Japan and the
United States for adjustments in
the treaty. Asahi wants a clearer
spelling out of the prior consul
tation clause, elimination, if pos
sible Of Clauses Three and Five
which are undesirable in view of
Article 9 of the japanese consti-
tution," and a shorter treaty pc
riod.
MAINICHI daily newspaper in
four cities)-Suggest that final
steps toward ratification of the
treaty be deferred. The papers
insist that If the treaty is not
supported by the Japanese people,
it will not serve as a good treaty.
YOMIURI (another newspaper
Points out that the treaty issue
has divided the Japanese people
as no other issue in history and
that the violence, postponement
of President Eisenhower's visit and
other problems growing out of the
treaty struggle make it impos-
Sible for us to welcome the pas
sage of the treaty wholeheartedly."
Evening star., 1960-06-26
Rights:
Progress

The Supreme Court on Mon
day cleared the way for new
Civil Rights Commission hear
ings on Negro voting rights in
the South.
Last July IL, a three Judge Dis
trict Court in Louisiana enjoined
the Civil Rights Commission from
holding hearings on a voting right
case unless it disclosed the COM
plainants names to those accused
registrars who allegedly discrim-
mated against would-be Negro
voters.
Since that time, while the case
advanced UP the legal ladder to
the Supreme Court, the Commits
sion has held no vote-caSe hear
ings. On Monday, the high court
spoke, ruling by 7-to-2 vote, that
due process" does not extend
to the accused registrars because,
as a rule, general fact-finding in
quiries are not required to use full
judicial procedures.
Thus the way was cleared for
the Commission to act. But
good deal of uncertainty was
created as to just what the Su-
preme Court thinks about "due
process" and in what circum-
stances.
In the Greene case last year,
it held that a Defense Depart
ment board had acted illegally
in using secret information to
withdraw security clearance from
an employe of a defense plant.
Reason: Such procedures had not
been authorized by the President
or Congress.
Justice Douglas, in a biting dis
sent in the new case, asserted
Evening star., 1960-06-26
Congress-:
Last II Days

The House passed a limited
aid-tO-the-aged bill on Thurs
day, but its Rules Committee
blocked a conference with the
Senate on school construction,
periling its chances as adjourn
ment nears.
If Lyndon johnson. presidential
aspirant, and Sam Rayburn, his
sponsor, are to make a record
with voter appeal in the current
session of Congress, they will have
to keep the full pressure of their
considerable power and persuasion
on at all times during the final
IL working days before adjourn
ment.
AS Senate Majority Leader, Mr..
Johnson's higher Office ambitions
are tied to the accomplishments
of this Congress. Mr.. Rayburn,
as Speaker of the House, can do
as, much for Mr.. johnson in this
respect as the taller Texan can
do for himself
Last week some of their prob
lens began to stare hard in their
faces.
One concerned the fate of the
school construction bill. Both
houses have passed their own ver-
sionS. But it is necessary for a
joint Senate House conference
committee to iron out differences
before legislation can be approved.
Evening star., 1960-06-26

tions to milder activities centering
on school problems and peace
movements.
About this time many students
began to doubt the policies of the
Zengakuren and to lose confidence
in the organization. Finally, by
1855, the activities of Zengakuren's
local chapters were suspended for
all practical purposes. Under
these circumstances, the Zenga-
kuren was powerlesS to carry out
any large-Scale demonstrations.
For example. when the tuition of
state-operated universities was
raised in 1856, the Zengakuren
was unable to organize an effec-
tive protest campaign.
Zeneokuren Recognized
1t is ironic that this weakening
in turn spanked a movement
among some students to reorgan-
iZe Zengakuren into an organiZa-
ton capable of carrying out strong
and effective political activities.
The leaders of the Zengakuren
confirmed their stand that they
had no alternative but to resort
to political action to protect the
interests of the students. Cam
paigns against nuclear expert
mentS and American military
bases in Japan were initiated.
However, as it's policies began
to center on political objectives,
the Zengakuren found itself more
and more alienated from the mass
of students. To cope with this
situation, the Zengakuren tried to
appeal to the students by employ
ing anti-war slogans. 1t claimed
that the Education Ministry'S i'm
fermentation of the teachers
efficiency rating system as we'll as
the inclusion of ethics courses in
the school curricula were paving
the way toward war. Several hun
dred "activiStS" in Zengakuren
took over the leadership of the
student groups and started a
vociferous anti-war campaign.
This handful of students banded
together and began to intimidate
authorities of rival organizations
and even occupied public build
ingS and obstructed traffic. 1t
became apparent that the Zenga-
Evening star., 1960-06-26
Soviet Russiu

PRAVDA (editoriaD - From
Failure to Failure: The shameful
collapse of President Eisenhower's
visit to Japan caused unprecedent-
ed confusion and embarrassment
in Western ruling quarters. A "ca-
tastrophe," failure" collapse
even the most experienced mas
ters of American propaganda can
not find other words to character
ize what has happened in Japan
Evening star., 1960-06-26

But there is trouble in the
House. Chairman Barden of the
Labor Committee opposes the
measure and appears wont to bar
its journey to the House floor.
And the Rules Committee is not
expected to speed clearance for
it. 1t takes a two-thirds vote to
suspend the rules. To do this in
this instance would take a minor
miracle on Mr.. Sans part. Per-
haps a compromise, calling for a
rise to $1.15 cents in three years
will provide the answer.
Evening star., 1960-06-26
Continued From Page

Continued From Page D-1
food to feed the hungry Of the
world.
2. He backed Gov. Nelson A.
Rockefeller'S idea for a years re-
serve of food to be stockpiled
against the possibility of an
atomic attack.
3. He urged more money be
spent on research to find new in
dustrial and commercial uses for
farm products.
In a second speech, the Vice
President sharpened for the voter
the essential philosophic differ
ence between the two major par
ties. He declared that the Gov
ernment could best promote real
economic growth by encouraging
the private economy to operate at
maximum levels.
Evening star., 1960-06-26
Defense:
Success

Two Navy satellites were fred
into orbit with a single rocket
on Wednesday, the day after the
newest anti-submarine rocket,
the Asrec, was unveiled.
Some weeks we can't seem to
make a nickel. But last week we
hit the jackpot"
This was a high naval officers
comment on a string of successes
scored last week in space and
rocketry.
The most spectacular achieve
ment was the orbiting of twin
satellites with a single booster, a
Thor-Able-Star. The larger satel-
lite was the Transit II-A, a navi-
gational aid; the second was a
42-pound piggy back" sphere
Evening star., 1960-06-26

over the last few days. Even the
most reactionary United States
papers are unable to present this
event as an isolated episode. In
confusion, they admit frankly that
we have at hand a defeat of
Washington's entire foreign policy.
"Yes, it is precisely the United
States adventurist foreign policy
designed to step up the cold war
and the arms race and to knock
together aggressive military blocs
with the help of antipopular re-
gimes that has suffered a defeat
a devastating defeat for that
matter!
Evening star., 1960-06-26

homes; but the teeming squalor
of the Medina, the native quar-
ter, is only quarter of a mile
away.
The city seetheS with life: ex-
travagantly gowned Woolof women
curse in Strident tones as heavily
laden trucks force them against
the walls Of houses; African men
in Tapping robes of every color
royal purple, coral, burnt-orange
and just plain white-hawk cola
nuts "a stimulant much appre-
ciated by teetotaling Muslims),
ju-ju charms. single cigarettes
and matches tied with thread into
bundles Of six. Elbony-skinned
Negro farmers joStle hard-eyed
Moors. who walk with the open
stride of the desert and appraise
them like livestock with the in
veterate Slaver's eye.
Colors are harsh, smells are
pungent and emetic. All is motion
and light and clamor.
French There $50 Yeors
On the great scorched plains Of
the interior, the lives Of the camel
nomadS and of the Sedentery agri-
cultural tribes along the life-giv-
ing ribbon of the Niger goes on
unchanged since the day $50 years
ago when the French first came.
The people still build millet
granaries which resemble giant in
verted egg cups, drink a cranium-
cracking drink of fermented grain
called dolo, and fashion exquisite
"jewelry" of tightly woven yellow
grass.
The predominance of Islam,
strongly suspicious of western edu-
cation, means that less than 2OO,-
900 Of Mails school-age popula-
tion of million receive an educa-
ton. So strong is this bias that one
Senegal girls school not only pro-
videS free room. board, uniforms
and tuition for its pupils but pays
them to attend and doles out a
bonus based on number of years
attendance when the student de-
parts.
This backwardnesS, coupled
with the need to find an alterna-
tive export to the 650,000 tons of
peanuts worth 500 million which
France buys at a price as much as
33 per cent above the world mar
ket, will be Keita'S biggest head
ache.
To provide money for education
and to solve the second problem,
Keita-whose African Federation
Party holds every seat in both ter
ritorial assemblies and in the fed
eral house-is working on two vast
schemes which involve harnesSing
the Niger to provide electricity and
to put 2 million acres under cotton
and rice.
But his greatest dream is of a
political nature: To weld all the
French African territories into one
great federation.
Evening star., 1960-06-26
LOSS OF PRESTIGE SEEN
World Comment
On Far East Trip

President EisenhOwer's trip
to the Far East brought such
newspaper and radio comments
as these:
Evening star., 1960-06-26
The Foreign Scene

Premier Fernhat Abbas, will set
the stage for the main negotia-
tions between the principal lead
erS.
Evening star., 1960-06-26
Africa Welcomes
Mali, Newest State
BY SMITH HEMPSTONE
Contributing Writer

| MORO, Kenya.-The great an
cient civilizations of Africa
Songhai, Ghana and Mali
emerged from the Sudan and to-
day their inheritor, the Mali Fed
Grafton, became the continents
14th independent nation.
Ten of the IA have won freedom
within the last decade and three
more - British Somaliland, the
United Nations trust territory of
Somalia, and the Belgian Congo
will emerge from their colonial
cocoonS soon.
mali, which stretches from At
rica's westernmoSt bulge away
into the shimmering sea of sand
which is the Sahara, is the first
African territory to receive full
independence within the French
community. French Guinea gained
independence in 1888 but in so
doing lost its community mem
lbership.
/ Modibo Keita. tall. 44-year-old
! Premier of Mali-which consists
of the states of Senegal and Sou
dan-was the key figure in the
battle to get Gen. de Gaulle to
accept the fact that the commu-
nifty should evolve into a confed-
Grafton of independent states. The
general had envisaged it as a
grouping of semi-autonomouS
states with Paris responsible for
key portfolios such as defence,
foreign affairs and economic
planning.
| Since the Muslin ex-school-
teacher convinced Gen. de Gaulle
that a confederal community was
the only type which could survive,
most of the other French African
territories have asserted their de-
sire for full freedom.
Six Million People
/ Mali, which was created last
year, is 212 times the size Of
France but has a population of
only six million divided among
"a tribes. There are vast dispar-
tiles between the two constituent
states.
Senegal, the earliest point Of
French penetration into sub-Sa-
haran Africa, is relatively indus
trialized; Soudan has no indus
tries. Senegal has vast phosphate
deposits and considerable reserves
of titanium; Soudan has no min
eral wealth.
Senegal has hundreds of miles
of paved roads and railways;
Soudan has few of either. Sene-
gal has a small but influential
Catholic population; Soudan is
almost solidly Muslin (there are
twice as many camels-40.000-as
ChristianO. Senegal has white
population of $4,000; Soudan has
less than 1000 Europeans.
Two factors serve to give the
new state a sense of national
identity: the personality of Keita
and the presence of peanuts, the
basic cash crop of both Senegal
and Soudan.
Dakar, capital Of both Senegal
and Mali, an ardently vertical city
of 100000 crammed onto the mar
row Cap Vert peninsula, is brash,
bright and bustling. Frenchy
rather than French.
Modern Skyseropers
The skyscrapers are starkfy
modern, yet the streets are lit
tered with trash. There seem to
be as many blind beggars cropping
their way across the traffic
happy Place Protet as there are
bikini-clad French girls water
skiing in the harbor.
The residential and adminiStra-
tive sector known as the Pla-
teau" is filled with cantilevered
Office buildings and luxurious
Evening star., 1960-06-26
Automatic Membership


Every student, upon entering
university, automatically be-
comes a member of some sort of
a student self-government asso-
citation. The majority of the stu
dents do not fully understand the
nature of the self-government as
ISOLATION to which they belong
nor are they greatly interested
in learning more about it. This
indifference is even greater in re-
gard to the Zengakuren which
is a federation of student self
government bodies. Many stu
dents do not know a part of the
dues they are paying goes to the
zengakuren.
There is, Furthermore, strong
tendency among student self-gov-
. ernment bodies to oppose any
guidance or advice from the COL
lege or university administrations
Although most of the students
oAS AiOO h1VCA COOCu III Vic dl1dlIO .
of the self-government organiza-
tions to which they belong, they
begin to show unusual interest
whenever they feel that their
freedom of self-government is be-
ing threatened.
The students are we'll aware of
the oppression their predecessors
had been subjected to during pre-
war days. They are instinctively
antagoniStic toward authority:
the state. the government, the
school administration and the po-
lice. Therefore, regardless of the
policies the Zengakuren might
adopt. the students believe that
1t would be more dangerous for
them to side with the authorities.
This is the basis on which Zenga-
kuren is able to carry out its
program in the name of all the
students of Japan.
Evening star., 1960-06-26

kuren was indiscriminate in the
choice of its methods in the in
terests of gaining its objectives.
Even the Japan Communist Party.
which had hitherto supervised the
policies of ZengakurenS was exas-
perated with the tactics adopted
by the student organization. In
1858, the Communist Party finally
expelled the leaders of the Zenga-
kuren from party membership for
the reason that they had dis
obeyed party directives and diSci-
pline. These zengakuren leaders
retaliated by forming a Com
muniSt League" and centering it
in the Zengakuren, began to in
tensify their activities, as evi-
denced by the student demonstra-
tions in the Diet compounds IN
November, 1859, at the Tokyo
International Airport when Prime
Minister Kishi departed on his
visit to the United States and
recently in the streets of Tokyo
during the Diet deliberations of
the Japan-United States security
treaty.
In order to understand the ma
ture of Japan's student movement,
it is necessary to look beyond the
present situation of the Zenga-
kuren which has been described
as "the most leftist organization
in the world" A study of the fun
damental conditions under which
the zengakuren exists gives an
insight into the reasons for it's
abnormal activities as we'll as an
appreciation of its problems.
The Zengakuren is a fedora
ton of Self-government associa-
tions in the various colleges and
universities. Some 120 colleges
and universities are represented
in the Zengakuren which is COM
posed of 248 student self-govern-
ment bodies. Approximately $780,
900 Japanese students GO per
cent of the nations total college
and university student body are
nominally members of the Zenga-
kuren. However, only about 100,-
900 students are actually dues
paying members today.
The Nome nugget. [volume] (Nome, Alaska) 1938-????, 1960-12-31
Gold Mining Output
Increased in 1860

WASHINGTON Up Mine
production of gold in the United
States increased in 1860, revers-
ing a four-year downward trend.
The Bureau of Mines today
estimated the output at II mil
lion ounces, valued at $58 mil
lion, rise of about 3 per cent
over 1859.
The gain was attributed princi-
pally to increased output of gold
as by-product Of copper mining
in Utah, Arizona and Montana.
This more than offset lower out
put from straight gold mining
operations.
The Bureau reported that mine
output of silver continued to de-
cline for the fourth successive
year in 1860, reaching the lowest
peacetime level since 1885.
The Nome nugget. [volume] (Nome, Alaska) 1938-????, 1960-12-31
New Alaska
School Tax
Effective Jan. l

Effective Jan. l, 1861, a new
method for the payment of Alaska
School Tax will become law. Chap
ter 179, SLA 1860, provides in
part for the following basic
changes:
l. School tax will still be with
hello by employers. No school tax
receipts will be issued. There
fore, during the year you will be
required to withhold school tax
from each employee, without re-
gard to school tax withheld by
another employer.
2. The use of the monthly school
tax listing sheet will be discon-
tinued.
3. At the end of each quarter,
revised Income Tax and School
Tax Withholding form WR-501
will be filed which will provide
separate spaces for total Income
Tax withheld from wages and
total School Tax withheld from
each employee.
4. At the end of the year or
close of employment, whichever
is sooner, the employer will pre-
pare a revised Form WR-5OO,
withholding statement, for each
individual employee, which will
indicate the amount of wages, in
come tax withheld and school tax
withheld.
5. After the close of the cal
endar year and on or before April
Is on a revised Alaska Income
Tax and School Tax Return Dep
rev 600, each individual will
compute income tax liability in
the usual manner. In addition,
spaces will be provided for decla-
ration and computation of school
tax liability. Likewise, appropri-
ate spaces will be included to
show estimated tax payments
made by the individual, amount of
income tax withheld by employer,
and school tax withheld by the
employer. The aggregate tax paid
or withheld will be applied against
the combined Income and School
tax liability. Any resulting over
payments will be refunded in
the usual manner. Taxes due will
be paid as required under the
present income tax law.
The Nome nugget. [volume] (Nome, Alaska) 1938-????, 1960-12-31
WHO HAS THE
RIGHT ANSWER
BY Rev. L. e. Ost

Is the following only a coinci-
dence, just happening, an acct
dent? Or does it indicate that the
great Babylonian King, Nebu-
chadnezzar, spoke more truth
than he realized when he said,
"This matter is by the decree
of the watchers, and the demand
by the word of the holy ones: To
the intent that the living may
know that the most high ruleth
in the kingdom of men, and
giveth it to Whomsoever He will,
and setteth up over it the basest
of men,?
John Adams, our End Presi-
dent, died July 4. 1926.
Thomas Jefferson, our Bird Pres
dent, died July 4, 1926.
James Madison, our 4th Presi-
dent, died July 4, 1886.
And this:
The following Presidents were
elected twenty years apart sue
cessively and all died in office;
William Henry Harrison, 9th
President, elected 1910.
Abraham Lincoln, 10th Presi-
dent, elected 1860.
James A. Garfield, goth Presi-
dent elected $780,,
William Mckinley, 25th Pres
ident elected 1900.
Warren G.. Harding, Doth Presi-
dent, elected 1920.
Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32nd
President, elected 1910.
1850?
The Nome nugget. [volume] (Nome, Alaska) 1938-????, 1960-12-31
Communist China Agriculture
Suffered Serious Adversities

TOKYO, R-Communist China
said today that its agriculture in
1860 suffered from serious nat
ural Universities without parallel
in the past 100 years"
About $50 million acres of farm
land, or half Red China's total
cultivated acreage, was reported
stricken by drought, typhoons and
floods of varying severity. More
than half of this acreage suffered
seriously, in many cases losing
entire harveStS.
The Nome nugget. [volume] (Nome, Alaska) 1938-????, 1960-12-31
Apprentice Petty Officer Ipalook
From Kotzebue to Graduate

SAN DIEGO, Calf. FHTNC)-
Gerald w. Ipalook, apprentice
petty officer first class, USN,
son of Mr.. and Mrs. Percy P.
Ipalook of Kotzebue, Alaska, is
scheduled to graduate Jan. 10
from Recruit Training at the
Naval Training Center, San Diego,
Calf.
Apprentice petty officers are
chosen from the ranks of the sea-
men recruits to assist Company
Commanders. The selection is
based on individual aptitude and
leadership qualities.
Evening star., 1960-07-21
Retailers Hit
ESQ Price Rise

RICHMOND. Va, July 81
(AP). = The Executive Secre-
tary of the Virginia Gasoline
Retailers Association says the
one-cent-a-gallon increase by
Standard Oil Co. of New Jer-
sey to its dealers was not justi-
fed.
James w. Heizer of Roanoke.
in a letter to the president Of
Standard, said yesterday
Standards cost price went UP
one-fourth of a cent. He said
Standard Oil was making prof.
its of between 40 and 9.15 cents
on every gallon Of ESQ and the
price increase was arbitrary.
c. @. Pembroke, assistant
Standard Oil division manager
for Virginia and West Virginia.
said in Richmond he had not
seen Mr.. Heizer's letter but 1t
sounds like a distortion Of an
utter fabrication" He said
Standards earnings have been
poor for two or three years.
That's a matter of record.
Therefore. we have no fabulous
net profits"