davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-07-16
Kennedy Y Launches
Attack on Nixon
Sees Need
ForGreut
Sacrifices
By DAVID S. BRODER
Star stan Writer

LOS ANGELES. July 1s.-
Senator John F. Kennedy has
launched his campaign for the
presidency with a frontal as
sault on Vice President Nixon
and a guarantee that his Cath
olic religion will not interfere
with the conscientious perform
ance of his duties.
Swinging hard at the man
who almost certainly will be
his Republican opponent in the
November election, he charged
in his acceptance speech last
night that Mr.. Nixon has often
seemed to show charity toward
none and malice for ALL"
The 43-year-old Massachu-
sets Senator accepted the
nomination in the giant Los
Angeles Coliseum with q call
for all Americans to join him
in crossing a new frontier" in
the Nations history.
This frontier, he said, "holds
out the promise of more sacri-
flee instead of more security"
In the climax of the tradi-
t1onal acceptance ceremonies
Senator Kennedy said he would
devote every effort of my mind
and spirit to lead our party
back to victory and our Nation
back to greatness.
Pleas for Unity
Senator Johnson of Texas,
accepting the vice presidential
nomination. devoted most of
his speech to praising the
qualities of his running mate
and erstwhile presidential ri
val. Pleas for party unity came
from such other leading Demo-
crats-all of whom had at one
point or the other raised OBJ
stacles to the Kennedy can
didacy-aS Speaker Rayburn,
Senators Humphrey and Sy-
mington and Adlai Stevenson.
Two other former detractors
of the presidential nominee,
former President Truman and
Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt. failed
to appear in person but mes
sages of support for the ticket
were read on their behalf.
Both candidates pledged to
campaign on the party plat
form, regarded as the most
liberal the Democrats have ever
indorsed.
Religious Issue
Senator Kennedy dealt with
few of the controversial issues
involved in the platform in his
speech last night, but scheduled
a press conference for today at
which he may be questioned
on some of these points.
He hit hard at the view
that "the Democratic Party,
by nominating someone of my
faith, has taken on a new
and hazardous risk" And he
promised Ito reject any kind
of religious pressure or obli-
cation that might directly or
indirectly interfere with my
conduct of the presidency in
) the national interest"
Borrowing a phrase from his
See SPEECHES, Page AS
Evening star., 1960-07-16
POLITICAL NEWS
ON INSIDE PAGES

Text Of Kennedy Speech. Pose "A
Text Of Johnson Speech. Pose "A
Gould Lincoln AnoIyzes the Demo-
erotie Toeties. Pose AS
Almond Sees Kennedy, Pledges Full
Support. Pose AS
Furious Kennedy Poee Keeps Aides
Hopping. Pose A-3
D. c. Delegate BoyeOtts Segregated"
Session. Pogs AS
Nominees Accept, but It Wosn't Eosy.
Pose A-3
Trumon Urges Democrats TO Close
Ronks. Pose AS
Kennedy Sets Himself Extra Chores in
Senate. Poee At
Evening star., 1960-07-16
SCHOOL PLANS
TO MOVE SOON

THE SEVENTH DAY ADVENTIST
Potomac University in Tokomo Pork,
Nd. will move this foil to Berrien
Springs. Mich. For the reasons why
this institution is being shifted, see
the church feoture on Pose A-s.
Evening star., 1960-07-16
U. N. Hoping to Speed
5000 Troops to Congo
HommurskjoId Expects Force
To Be on Scene in Two Weeks

UNITED NATIONS, N. Y, July 1s (AP)-Dag Hammar-
skiold hopes to speed 5000 troops to the troubled Congo
within the next two weeks and keep them there for
or ten months until order is restored.
This was reported today by diplomatic sources the
United Nations Secretary General and top administrative
Evening star., 1960-07-16
u. n. Bui|dsUp
Force 10 Calm
enseCongo
More Troops Sent;
Belgium Refuses
To RecuII Units
BY LYNN HEINZERLNG
Associated Press staff Writer

LEOPOIDVILLE, The Congo
July Is. - More United Ma
tions troops arrived today in a
race to put this nation under
U. N. protection before Bel
ian-Congolese tensions ex-
plode. Belgium defied a Congo
ultimatum to pull out its
forces and sent in more troops.
Ten days Of rapine and pill
lage by Congo's Negro army
Evening star., 1960-07-16

IWo-Wot \on9o Ntctofy Is seen oi
Khrushehev'S Aim. Pose Az
left chaotic conditions that
hampered efforts to get the
u. N. forces organized quickly
A platoon of troops from
Ghana tried to get from the
airport into Leopoldville to in
tervene between several thou
sand Negro civilians who were
cursing Belgian troops on duty
in the capital. But there was
no transport for the Ghana
soldiers.
Congolese police, who are
sharing the maintenance of
order with the unwelcome Bel
gian soldiers, finally dispersed
the crowd.
US. Supplying Food
The United States, pouring
more food supplies into the
hungry republic. also sent 40
Americans with an airlift of
Tunisian soldiers for the U. N.
force. The Americans will su-
pervise unloading of all planes
in the u. N. force airlift.
The Americans were caught
in the supply muddle and had
nothing to eat but the ratious
they brought with them. The
Tunisian soldiers had to spend
the night on the concrete floor
Of a hangar at the airport. The
TunisianS will be placed in a
camp city on the Leopoldvi!le
golf course. The Ghanians will
be installed at Camp Leopold
II, the main military head
quarters in the city.
Adding to the white-Negro
tension was a report that two
Europeans were killed in Leo
poldville last night. But Belgian
military officials said they had
no knowledge Of any deaths.
Most of the city's hotels were
without bread this morning,
cargoS Of flour flown in by the
United States were expected to
ease the shortage. The flour
was a welcome sight to whites
and blacks alike.
Going to StanleyvilIe
Despite the unsettled condi-
tions In his capital, Premier
Patrice Lumumba prepared to
leave for Stanleyville in the
eastern Congo to try to re-
organize the mutinous armed
forces there.
(The Belgian government in
Brussels announced it would
ignore Mr.. Lumumba's break
in diplomatic relations with
Belgium, which granted the
Congo independence only June
80. In view of the anarchy
which reigns" new measures will
See CONGO, Page Az
Evening star., 1960-07-16
STOCKS
IN THE SPOTLIGHT

NEW YORK (AP).-Followinv are
the sales ladd 00). high, low, Closing
price and net change of the 20 most
active stocks for the week:
Evening star., 1960-07-16
Guide for Readers

Have The Stor Delivered to
Your Home Daily and Sunday
DioI Lincoln $4,000
Evening star., 1960-07-16

Two-Woy Congo Victory Is Seen os
Khrushchev'S Aim. Pose Az
Evening star., 1960-07-16
TIE WEATuEn. Fall Report
'IHIH6N. on Poss AZ

District and vicinity-Clear tonight with
the low near IS. Mostly sunny and q little
warmer tomorrow. High and low of the
last "a hours: High, 80, at 4 pm yester-
day; low, 63, at $40 am. today.
Evening star., 1960-12-01
Ford Gets Anderson
Plea on British Deal

The sources said that If Ford.
decides to go ahead with the
purchase, Mr.. Anderson would
like the company to try to work,
out some method that would,
have the least possible impact
on the deficit. ,,
For example, If United States,
Ford had large enough hold
ings Of pound sterling, it might. I
use these to buy out minority. ;.
stockholders in British Ford
The use of sterling, instead .eS
dollars, would eliminate the adj
verse effect on the paymeot&
deficit. s~,
In Detroit, q Ford press agent
emphatically denied an appeal
to Mr.. Ford from Mr.. Andefsr,
son, describing 1t as absolutely.
not true" "a,
United States Ford now ownx
a IS per cent interest In it's
English subsidiary and an adj
ditional is per cent interest,"
is owned by other American irl-',
vestors. Ford has proposed pay-.'
ing $20.50 a share for the some,
lit million common shares
held by around $4,000 Britons. y
The transaction has been ap-
proved by the British goyeFns~
ment.
Evening star., 1960-12-01
Rumor Hits Stock
OF British Ford

LONDON. Dec. l lAP1-
British Ford shares tumbled
by $22.4 million in the London
market today after reports OF
Washington intervention in the
plan for the parent motor car
firm in Detroit to take over the
British subsidiary.
Denials from Detroit Of such
intervention restored some
confidence and more than half
the loss was recovered in late
morning trading.
The conflicting reports shot
the Ford issues into hectic con-
troversy on the exchange,
however, and had an unsettling
effect on the market as a whore.
. Ford stock has been sensitive
ever since the parent Ford
Motor Co.. which holds IS per
cent Of British Ford. offered to
buy up the remainder for f129
million t$36l.2 million).
The British Treasury ap-
proved 1t. Small fortunes were
made and lost in feverish trad
ing.
Evening star., 1960-12-01
Jackson Sets
Resignation
In Januury

Senator jackson of Washing
ton. Democratic national CHAIR
mann announced today that he
tsstendE toTuusiEn tl1et post
about january 20--Inaugura-
tion Day--in order to give full
time to his senatorial duties. 5,
He made the sfihouncement
after c6llfafe ce With sresi- !
,iesak 6zifie Who TOD
newsmen he wanted to express
his thanks to Senator Jackson
for organizing and directing his
successful election campaign.
: Senator Kennedy said he will
maintain close contact with
Senator jackson until he moves
into the White House January
20. seeking his advice especially
on personnel and national
security organization matters.
Seator Kennedy said he ex-
pected the Democratic National
Committee would meet in about
six weeks to elect a successor
to Senator Jackson as chair
man.
Evening star., 1960-12-01
BY the Associated Press

Secretary of the Treasury
Anderson has appealed person.
ally to Henry Ford II to con-
slider Americas gold-dollar
drain before carrying out plans
to buy full ownership Of Ford's
English subsidiary.
Mr.. Anderson. it was learned,
is deeply concerned about the
impact of the Ford Motor Co. S
proposed transaction and has
urged Ford to consider modify
ing the purchase plan.
If Ford goes through with
the purchase, the United States
balance of payments deficit
which leads directly to gold
sales would be increased by
some $500 million.
Sources close to Mr.. Ander-
son said the Secretary would
not want to see one transaction
have such an impact on the
deficit and has communicated
his views to Ford. Americas
payments deficit is expected to
run about 81 billion for 1860.
Mr.. Anderson has no legal
power to block the deal. He
can only. make a personal plea
as he has done.
Evening star., 1960-12-01
y.
President Plans
No Foreign Trips
BY the Associated Press

President Eisenhower has no
plans for foreign travel during
the remainder Of his term, the
White House says.
Mrs. Anne Wheaton, assistant
White House press secretary,
made this statement yesterday
when asked whether Mr.. Eisen-
hover might attend the meet
ing Of the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization which
opens in Paris December Is.
Asked specifically whether
she was ruling out the possi-
bility Of Mr.. Eisenhower going
to Paris. Mrs. Wheaton merely
reiterated that the President
has no plans to leave the country
during the remainder of his
term of Office. which ends
January 20.
Evening star., 1960-12-01

5000 18th ct.
Silver Spring. Nd. JU. 5-6le6
WlLLYs station wagon 81; 4-cyl.-
with oyerdriye. heater. shcw tires:
ready TO 90; price 1895. TU.
:-414E ewes. HI. 9.664i.
WILLYs yEEP '56 Dispatcher; re.
sent mct9s overhaul. ? new tires.
Evening star., 1960-12-01
Intruder Hits
-
Secretary,
Steals $40

A 34-year-old Washington
secretary was hit on the head
with an electric iron and robbed
Of $40 early today by ar-
assailant who climbed four.
floors up a fire escape and
broke into her apartment.
Police said Florence @. Bock
told them she was awakened
about sis am. when the in
truder invaded the bedroom Of
her apartment at IT'S Mines
teenth street NV. and clapped
his hand over her mouth.
Don't scream she said he.
told her. II just got out Of
prison. I will kill you if you
scream. All ! want is somesi
thing to eat :.
She screamed anyway, and
he picked up an electric irorf
and struck her on the head.
with 1t. She ran screaming
from her apartment to the
apartment below, where police
were called. :
When officers arrived. they
found the FIRE escape In the
rear Of the apartment had been
lowered to the ground. The as.
sailant had apparently climbed
the escape and then broke b
window in her apartment to
unlock it. :
Her pocketbook was found
Jon q third-floo sun deck, witt
the billfold containing $40 MISC
ing. The victim was treated al
George Washington Hospital
for a head cut. :
The assailant was described
as a slender, well-dressed Negro.
in his early 20s.
Evening star., 1960-12-01
Laos Rebels
Join Coalition

vIENTIANE. Laos. Dec. /
(AP). The rightist rebels
have agreed to join In a coali-
ton government Of all political
parties in Laos to end the civil
war. neutralist Premier SSou-
wanna Phouma said today.
The Premier's unexpected
announcement would mean
that rebel Gen. Phoumi Nosa-
vans rightists would sit with
their arch foes, the Commu-
nist-led Pathet Lao, in a new
coalition cabinet. Tiao SOM
sanith. pro-Western president
Of the National Assembly. re-
turned from Gen. Phoumi's
headquarters at Savannakhet
IN Southern Laos and an
nounced 1--WE have agreed on
everything"
Few. Western diplomats gave
Mr.. Sonasanith's mission much
of a chance whsn he set out
for sayannakhet earlier this
week, - --...s--7-i,,--, ,=sss,,.i-,,
The Premier said The new
government Of mai toEal S ty'
viii include represelitattS ii
the Phoumi regime, the rashet
Lao and his owl enentfalist
soysrnniept.
Evening star., 1960-12-01
VOLVO
CAnTr.1

SWEDEN'S CADILLAC
The volvo is here. both, Cdr. and 4.
quality product you cannot ignore
The lion:hearted car that looks
like q lamb,
Has the strength Of q bull and the
charge of q ram.
Eighty-hve thoroughbredS under
the hood.
With 4-speed transmission that
Is better than good.
Where winters are cold so we have
been told
The 'Volvo protects the family fold.
with Volyo,s practical size and
You ride in comfort all the while.
In traffic. on turnpike OF dusty
lanes.
The mighty Volyo never strains.
Detroits big Hash and rass-ms-
With hns and chrome and all that
You ride with your knees tucked
under your chin.
As fashionable today as the old
So unlock the doors to fun and
At Annapolis Motors you'll ind
the keys.
ANNAPOLIS MOTORS. 606 N. Y.
ave. NV. EX. 3-4744: .10566
Metro ave-. Kensington. Nd. Lo.
70 D-l04A.
Evening star., 1960-12-01
AUTOMOBILES FoR SALE
.SPRITE

~ AVA - ~
1859 Austin Healey; Immaculate
sSornoisiSna; Sr ssaaa si'lsS. Tw. 3.7o6s.
STUDEBAKER SO President sedan;
rsoio neater' automatic drive;
exsfsptisnsily cFfes' snshy Clean special sale
WAEELLR. NC. wHEELMoBrLE
...UsEFUL," OWNER CARS
SseS wTscSSHSgNh E
sTUDEBAKER 81 President 4.door
cihssic automatic Transmission.
RADIO. heater, green and white. A
PALMER MERCURY
W. Hya.isyaiil..A IL ANsSilfon Nai q. q; 7-osss
sTUDEBAKER 1858 Lark station
wae.;, fully equipped with auto.
trans. and air cond.; beaut. tan
t.r.n, nnlsn Tith th. MATCHING leather in
Guarantee; S1,295. Small dn.
pymt, PAYMENTS at bank L. p.
SEEEuA&EI; & INC, 1910 P st. NV,
THuNDERBlRD '5s: Arctic white,
Ieuio, heater, eruiseomatic, power
steerine, power brakes, low mile
sse. 7osal one-ownor; Monroadable
4 fss7 veEEssntSi ESataMSi..hs hsoERoE Sa9 Fo,Eb: S,b:
Spring, Md.. ~. 5-7soi '''ef
THuNDERBlRD 1888 hardtop; Ms.
p.b., pwr. windows. seats, air
Sond.. =. and h.. auto. trans, very
low MI. immec. throughout Must
see 70 appreciate. L.PE GuarsT-
teei S2. .e95 L. p. sTEUART, INC,
l440 P st. NV. DE. 3-4S0O.
ThUEDERBIRD '57 convert: red.
Eoroomatte. r. and h.. Wv. tires,
R.sbo60..0 excel. eond. Cali u.
TAUNDERBIRD 81 hardtop: every
white finish: very low mileage:
bank financing.
THACKER MOTORS
18th and R. I. Ave. NE. LA. 9-I1O0
T-BIRD 80 hardtop; white. 5000
miies; Sa eSs 4-Way power; like new;
GRADY
1908 Wis. Ave-, Beth. OIL. 6.4aO6
TR-3 go; 1000 mi; illness. viii
Sl44 or JU. 9-16o5.
TRIUMPH 'slss; al models; also
6l TR.3, 312 miles: save $500.
JACK PRXa 10Th and Pa. ave.
o.S,s EST. 1870.
"TR-3''
You sports bugs now here's a tin
on the "TR-3"
We're really hip for cheerie service
that Is the tops.
And parts a department that
, really hops.
With two locations. Nd. and D. c.
The Triumph's here for you TO
see.
Over hill and dale without Q
care.
TR-3 will get you there.
Just pennies mile with fun and
Come on in, pick up your keys.
For = sporits sdis car car deal that is
Bob Murfay's setup cannot be beat.
ANNAPOLIS MOTORS, 606 N. y.
ave. NV, Elk. 3-4744: lO586
Metro. ave. Kensington. Nd. Lo.
Evening star., 1960-12-01
President Hears
Buddhist's Plea
BY the Associated Press

A leader of Japan's go million
Buddhists delivered a plea for
world peace to President Eisen-
hover yesterday.
He is 81-year-old Rev.
Chisan Koho, chief abbot of the
Sodo, Zen sect. one of the main
branches of Zen Buddhism.
Dressed in flowing purple
robes and wearing an orange
mantle signifying his rank as a
Zen master, the abbot gave the
President a message from the
Japan Buddhist Federation and
a hand painted scroll calling
for peace through religious
understanding.
Evening star., 1960-12-01
WOMAN'S TEARS
SOFTEN HEART
OF HOLDUP MAN

SIOUX CITY, Iowa (AP).
"A bandit held up Mrs
Sara Falk in her grocery
last night but couldn't
stand her tears when she
handed over the money
from the cash register.
Here. take it back" he
said. and fed. Later Carl
A. Anderson. 81, of Sioux
City. gave himself up to
police. He said he had
been unemployed.
Evening star., 1960-12-01

/ WV. 80 de luxe, sunroof: black,
Wv. tires. 5000 mt, Si,425, cL'
6:02O2 after 3.
VOLks.z'6ls: Immediate deiiyerY.
Low down payment: trade and
JACK oELLER
1923 Conn. Ave. NV. EN-. 2-ssSe
dSeso from Jack AeSk ks2PSR; PRY '9 le;S &
and 20. ave. Sc. Est. 1928.
~ VQLksWAGENS '6Os and '8ls;
new shipments; Immediate de.
and varrsnty' 'Ghs; Trade lIa and 'ssTaes TERMS.
! United Auto Sales, Inc.
AUTH. RENAULT-PEUQEOT DIR.
Il3.o Ga: Ave. Whea.. 10. 5-3360
Wv '5S sunroof: r. and h.. ali
extras. $4,000 orig. MI. orig. blue
hn.,. pass any inspect: needs no
Tork: peri cond.. . real jewel:
car. Must sell: need cash; sac,
S955. no less. Pvt. OWNER, RE.
voLKswAGENS '6i models; brand
new shipment. Choice Of eoiors:
immediate delivery. Cash, trade
SUN MOTORS
340O N. Fairfax Drive, Arl.. Va.
OPPOSITE KANNs JAs 4-e1ii
Y0LkSWAGEN 80 sunroof; r. and
h.: $3.50. Owner will trade older
Wv: Code 30l-AT. 6-26OS,
voLKSWAGEN 40: low mi, r. and
h. WV. tires. undercoat: SI,4e5.
Call COLLIE VIII O.0Q9R
Evening star., 1960-12-01
Vondiver Rejects
Withholding Votes

ATLANTA, Dec. / (AP).-
Gov. Ernest Vandiver today
emphatically rejected a pos
sibility that Georgia's IL elec-
toral votes might be withheld
from President-elect Kennedy.
II want to dissipate that
once and for ALL" Gov. VAN
diver said sharply at his first
news conference since return
ing from . tour Of South
America.
Evening star., 1960-12-01
AUTOMOBILES foR SALE

vALIANTs 80; new. l2 to choose
from. Station wagons and sedans:
5000. below dealers costs, viii
1EsSssgs ESfgk TRACES; T6 Gsslnlo Gsll FRED FRED
VALIANT 80 Woo 4-dr.; auto.
trans, r. and b., padded dash,
de luxe steering wheels. grilj
guard, ETC.; official car, driven
only 5000 miles: new-car war
renty; full price. ST, ,995. ROYAL
MOTORS. 4103 n. I. ave, Mt
Rainier, Nd, WA. T-7000. Open
,vAUxHALL 80: SI.750: new A.
sST.6,,le lefs so,sHsrr,- ,eysr, never ngu,r driven.
vOLKSWAGENs-'6l,. new ahfu.
ment. immediate delivery, ali col
ors: also brand.new 1881 Tri-
umph 4-door estate wagons. Cash,
=, .Iads 4, So. S5 s1e5 down. Prices start
Cities Service Triumph
22nd AND NJ STREETS NV.
Fl. S-S3S3
Evening star., 1960-12-01
MANN ODDS

vOLvO '5S 2-door sedan: 4-speel
transmission. beautiful red fifiish
excellent condition. Sl.l95.
Evening star., 1960-12-01

81 FALCON 2-dser sedan;
equipped with magic air heater,
twin sisnals, air cleaner and oil
filter, freight, gas, oil and anti
freesei . 1-yesr guarantee In
eluded In price.
Milford chronicle., 1960-11-11
TRINITY

Two members of the Dublin Hill
All Yellow Jackets will attend the
All National Congress in Chicago
the last of this month. Franklin
Nelson won his trip on Field Crops
and Joey Williamson on Tractor
Maintenance. Franklin Nelson Sr.
who has been a leader for the
boys for several years will be one
of the chaperons for the Delaware
group on the trip.
The W.S.C.S. of Trinity Church
will have their meeting for Nov.
a week earlier than usual. The
meeting will be this Friday eve
ming November IL, at the Dublin
Hill Community Hall. Mr.. and Mrs.
Frank Gray will be the host and
hostess.
Several from this community
attended the Homecoming at Ep-
worth Church on Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Wayford Brown of
Wilmington visited Mr.. and Mrs.
AT. White and daughter on Sun
day.
The annual All Achievement
Banquet will be held at the Wes-
ley Church Hall in Georgetown on
Wednesday evening November 16.
Mrs. Earl Mitchell and children
of TOdds Estates, Newark has been
visiting her parents Mr.. and Mrs.
Enos Nichols while Mr.. Mitchell
was on a business trip to Cali
fornia.
Mr.. and Mrs. Earl White and
Miss Grace E. Hastings spent Sun
day at Gettysburg, Pa. and several
other places of interest.
Mr.. and Mrs. Samuel Warning
ton and daughter Janice spent
Saturday in Wilmington.
Mr. and Mrs. Carl Walston visit
ed Mr.. and Mrs. Herman Minner
in Harrington on Sunday after
noon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ruben Swan and
son, Mrs. Minnie Swan and Mrs.
Carrie Covey, all of Easton, Md,
spent Sunday afternoon with Mrs.
Ella Warrington.
Joe Carey of Pottstown, Pa.
called on his sister Mrs. Ella
Warrington and Mr.. and Mrs. Sam
uel Warrington and family on
Roland Russell and daughter
Miss Carol Russell were Whining
ton visitors on Saturday.
Preaching Services at Trinity
Church Sunday, November 13, at
10 Am. Sunday School at IL AM.
Read The Classified Ads
Milford chronicle., 1960-11-11
Which Lime Is Best?

Many fields in Kent county will
received lime applications this fall
and winter. The question is, which
material to use, County Agent Geo
rye Vapaa says.
The three main materials are
ground limestone, burned lime and
hydrated lime. Thes materials
have different neutralizing powers
so different amounts of each are
required to get same results.
For example: 1,2O0 pounds of
burned lime will give the same re-
suits as 1900 pounds of hydrated
lime or 1000 pounds of ground
limestone.
In general, lining recommen-
ations are made in terms of pounda
of ground limestone. This does not
mean that one of the other forms
of lime should not be used. How
ever, they should be applied in
reduced amounts.
Hydrated and ground burnt lime
are particularly good where quick
results are desired. T hey are a
little more expensive than ground,
limestone however, Mr.. Vapaa says.