davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-12-10
Full RIA Board

The appointment OF John L. New
bold brings the District Redevelopment
Land Agency board to its full compile
ment Of membership for the first time
in nearly year, and commercially so.
During the last several months, the RIA
has entered the most crucial phase of its
existence, a period when the agency
could i'll afford the deficiencies in leader
ship which resulted from the vacancies.
Mr.. Newbold, Washington native and
longtime businessman, brings to the
job knowledge of the city and an in
terest in its problems which should prove
beneficial.
AS the recess appointee of an out
going President, his status necessarily
will remain uncertain for the next
several weeks. RIA appointments, how
ever, have not been strongly marked by
considerations Of partisanship in the
past. President Truman named several
Republicans to the board, and they
served long and well. Similarly, the
current board chairman, Neville Miller,
Is Democrat, and also a recess
appointee (although his selection was
made by the Commissioners rather than
by the President). Presumably, the
names of both Mr.. Miller and Mr.. New
bold will be resubmitted for the required
confirmation by the Senate shortly after
Congress convenes January 6. We trust
that their status will be clarified as soon
as circumstances permit, so that the
board can participate at full strength in
the forthcoming congressional investi-
cations of urban renewal and. more i'm
portantly, so that strengthened policies
can be developed for the more expedi-
tious reconstruction and rehabilitation
of former slum areas.
Evening star., 1960-12-10
NATO NucIeor Force

: NATO countries have shown little
interest SO far in informal offers by this
country Of European nuclear retalia-
tory force. This Is not surprising, be-
cause they have not been offered much
that is really new or valuable to them.
+ No detailed, specific plan has been
set forth. But public statements by
American officials and the State De-
partment's Bowie Report on NATOS
future show the sort of offer the present
administration has in mind. 1t is an
extremely limited one.
1t is proposed that the NATO nations
have Polaris fleet of about a dozen
submarines, each carrying 16 missiles
capable Of hitting European Russia.
Just who would order the missiles fired
in time of war is not decided; but the
Bowie Report says there are three posi-
bilitieS, and it recommends that all
three be adopted. Retaliation could be
ordered by the NATO Council, by the
Supreme Allied Commander for Europe
on his own initiative If it became clear
to him Europe was under heavy attack,
or by that commander on orders from
his American SuperiorS.
This country would have veto over
use of the force in the NATO Council. as
would the other NATO members. But
the Europeans would not have a veto
over an American order to the American
NATO commander or over the COM
mander'S own decision And Of course
the Supreme Allied Commander for Eu-
rope, a post now held by General
Norstad, is expected always to be an
American officer.
The purpose of the American offer
is to ease European worries about the
present arrangement Now two coun-
tries, the United States and. Great
Britain, have nuclear retaliatory forces,
and a third, France, is building one.'
These could be used unilaterally in time
Of war with serious but unknown con-
sequences to Europeans. ..t-
The concern of our allies is under
Evening star., 1960-12-10

Some recent incidents in
Montgomery County have
caused citizens to ask the
County Council to pass
teenage anti-loitering or
curfew laws patterned after
similar laws in the District
and other parts Of the
country.
The passing Of legislation
Is not, however. always the
most effective measure for
protecting society. It GER
tainly should never be the
sole measure. Those who are
anxious to protect" our
society from its youth
through specific late eve
ming legislation might do
well to pause a moment and
ponder several questions.
- Would we not be add
ing unnecessarily to the
power Of the police? There
may be already sufficient
laws on the books under the
categories Of disturbing the
peace, trespass, plotting to
commit a felony, etc.
y Could not such laws
cause more harm than good?
Such legislation has a scat
ter-gun effect; directe d
against a small group of
children 1t restricts the ac-
tions Of many. In principle
1t Furnishes the many for the
Evening star., 1960-12-10
In Behalf of Justice

The United States Court OF Appeals
has strengthened the hand of law en-
forcement by refusing to throw out a
reafhrmed confession in the attempted
robbery of Felix Marchegiani year ago
this month. The majority of the three
man panel held-properly we think
that although the original confession
was ruled invalid by reason of an
unnecessary" delay in arraigning the
defendant, the prisoner two days later
validated it when, after due warning Of
his constitutional right to remain silent,
he freely confirmed the truth of his
earlier statement. Justice would be
grossly frustrated If a self-confesSed
robber were to be turned loose under
such circumstances.
The defendant, Lester L. Jackson,
was convicted at two trials in District
Court His first conviction was reversed
by the appellate tribunal on the ground
that confession had been obtained by
police during an unnecessarily long
and hence DISQUALIFICATION before ar
raignment. At his second trial the
Government used a second confession,
obtained after he had been arraigned
and fully advised" of his rights by
police, by two judges and by his own
counsel. The majority, composed of
Judges Miller and Danaher, said I'VE
have seen no case which holds that
where an accused has once made a con-
feSsion, excludable because of a police
violation of Rule the rule against
unnecessary delay" in arraignmentl, he
is thereafter precluded from making a
valid confession adducing the same sub
ject matter, and so as to reafirmation."
Dissenting Judge Fahy held that use
of the invalid first confession as "the
leverage to obtain its confirmation two
days after it was signed" was improper
and in violation of the Supreme Courts
Interpretation of Rule in the Mallory
case. We think this Is stretching the
already over stretched unnecessary
delay" rule much too far.
Evening star., 1960-12-10
For Whom Would Cufew Toll in Montgomery County?

etc. d. less sensationalism
from the newspapers in the
reporting of the crimes and
more dissemination Of in
formation on how to prevent
them, e. more responsibility
to the children themselves
20 help in the organization
Of their lives. - specially
qualified and educated juve-
nile courts and squads, and
education for all policemen
in the psychology and
sociology Of these problems.
g. less pressure on the police
for an efficiency, that is
economical but short-sighted.
h. ETC., etc.
The council has been wise
in not taking hasty action.
More study is needed. For
perhaps the most basic ques-
ton Of all is why has the
incidence Of crime risen so
much lately: what about our
society Is changing? What
therefore are the best meas
ures for coping with this
state of flux?
Until we attempt to answer
these questions, whether or
not we are among those who
break the laws we pass. we
all share their guilt.
Rabbi Edwin H. Friedman.
Member. Montgomery County
Youth Commission.
Evening star., 1960-12-10
Helping the Blind

Could I encourage the
readers of your Letters"
column to use some Of the
money spent for Christmas
greeting cards and postage
as a contribution to the orga-
nizations which help blind
people? If one would limit
the mailing of these greetings
to those individuals to whom
he or she would add a
friendly written paragraph
or two. the goodwill function
would be adequately fulfilled
and the meaningless sending
of so many cards could be
stopped to the benefit of all.
especially If the money thus
saved should be given to help
the blind.
Ted F. Silvey.
Evening star., 1960-12-10
A PHILADELPHIA lawyer, re-

A Philadelphia lawyer, re-
plying to questions as he
retired from the presidency
of the American Bar Associa-
ton, said he was unable to
understand some decisions Of
the Supreme Court. If this is
so. what chance has a lesser
attorney or layman?
One wonders whether the
game is worth the candle
when reading Of the strife
that has been going on, in
Clinton, Nashville. Little
Rock, and New Orleans with
roughly So more similar Or
deals coming up later. The
courts have chosen to make
their stand on the Four
teenth Amendment. but they
have not yet decided the
Tenth Amendment is un-
constitutional.
Since there is no chance
that the reformers OF this
day and age can be even
checked, to say nothing OF
being stopped or laughed OIL
the scene as they were IN
early America, the Southern
people may have to adopt the
tactics of the typical Yankee.
Try riding from Philadelphia
to New York on a train and
you'll catch on. For, chances
are that your seat-compan-
ion who boards the train
there for Newark will read
his morning newspaper or
magazine all the way with
out so much as even speak
ing. When he gets of he
tosses the paper aside with
out offering it to his seat
partner. in most cases. In
short, the Yankee is aloof.
He isn't rude. He is not mad.
He just feels that he is at
tending to his own business.
The Southerner, on the
other hand. thinks he is un-
der obligation to be very
polite to everybody. The
custom of passing an ac-
quaintance without a friend
ly greeting is foreign to his
nature. So with total strang-
ers in town, If the town isn't
large. This social custom will
perhaps 60 out with integra-
Evening star., 1960-12-10
Our Voting System

In his letter on the elec-
toral college S. Charlescroft
says:
1.-THE Founding Fathers ad-
visedly provided that the peo-
pie should never be permitted
to vote directly for the Presi-
dent. Such activity is entirely
unconstitutional. Those set
ting up our form of govern
ment realized the people were
not capable Of determining
who is the most qualified to
be President. and might be
influenced enormously in their
vote"
The word "advisedly" in
the first sentence is not OBJ
jective and is open to argu-
ment. and the word realized"
might have been better found
ed If 1t had read thought"
The Constitution, as first
set up. did not even permit
the people to vote for the
electors, who were to be ap-
pointed as the State legisla-
lures might direct. 1t was
only with the growth Of po-
litical parties and the expan-
sion Of the Nation that the
various legislatures enacted
statutes providing for the
popular vote for presidential
electors, a constitutional right
the legislatures had under
Section 2 of Article 2.
It is well known that the
Founding Fathers, at least
many of them. so accustomed
to royalty. did not trust the
common people. and hence
tried to interpose the electors
between the people and the
President to be elected-in
fact. gave the common people
no voice at all in the election
of a President. That right. or
privilege, If you will. was
given the people by their own
individual State legislatures.
But history seems to have
proven, especially in these
days of compulsory education,
nationwide information. mass
media newspapers, maga-
zines, radio, and especially
television), that their fear
along that line should no
longer prevail. The Founding
Fathers recognized, too. that
their work in the Constitu-
ton, great as it was, was
neither infallible nor un-
changeable when different
conditions might arise. This
is proven by the provision in
the Constitution for its
amendment, of which there
have already been more than
a score.
So I say it is high time our
Constitution should be
amended to put the presiden-
tial election a little nearer to
the people. to assure at least
that the will of the majority
of the Nation can be guaran-
teed expression. not thwarted
by an outmoded. antiquated
and unjust system.
Whether that calls for the
entire abolition Of the elec-
toral college or dividing the
electoral votes Of the States
in proportion to the votes for
the several candidates. or
making it mandatory for the
electors in each State TO fol-
low the will Of the majority
of voters in their States, ]
leave to others more compe-
Evening star., 1960-12-10
'BeH-Rinqer' Brown

Constantine Brown again
rang the bell in his column
citing Spain as one of the
chief bas(ions in Europe
against communism. Suppose
we rid ourselves Of Franco.
perhaps doing 1t in the heavy
handed way of deposing Ba-
tista for Castro. Must we
always meddle with regimes?
What are we gaining?
MahlOn Ashford.
Evening star., 1960-12-10
Walter B. Haislip.
Government Rotinos

In The Federal Spotlight"
for December S. there ap-
peared an item of recommen-
dations and Endorsements
made by the National Civil
Service League calling for
separate organizations of
unions for so-called Federal
Government supervisors"
and rank-and-file employees.
In many parts Of the
Federal service Il have had
over is years. a worker may
be named a supervisor" i'm
mediately upon learning in a
short time to operate a GER
tain machine being used by
two or three other workers;
or someone may decide to
place him in charge for giving
progress reports, or some
other similar, simple pro-
cedure. Exception to this is
the Postal Service. where
supervisors functions are en-
tirely different. and designa-
ton is based upon much more
careful consideration of quail
ifications.
Therefore. a Federal worker
having the lowest work-type
Civil Service rating may be
on the payroll as a super
visor" whereas the Federal
Government has among its
employees professional work.
ers, such as lawyers. physi-
clans, medical technicians.
editors. chemists. physicists.
engineers, patent examiners.
etc., who are not, and never
will be. rated supervisors"
At this time, when a new
administration is arriving
shortly with a pledge to make
many improvements for vel
fare of all the people. it
seems incredible that the
highly regarded National
Civil Service League should
prese recommendations
(that appear to have been
made without any real study
Of the facts) that any Federal
Government so-called super
visor" be considered as so far
above the "rank-and-fi{e"
Federal workers.
Edith A RprYman
Evening star., 1960-12-10
Views of High Bench

ton. Southern people may
finally decide that any bow
ing and scraping is uncalled
for, and the integrationists
may decide the battle is over.
Certainly the students may
all be together. but there
might be lack of that certain
something we are prone to
call "togetherness."
E. H. Alexander.
AH HR
The justices of the Su-
preme Court should be
ashamed of the arguments
in letters to The Star in
defense of their school de-
segregation decisions.
You published three let
ters, none of which expressed
any concern for the right Of
people in the so States to de-
termine public morality in ac-
cordance with their concepts
of local conditions and tradi-
tions. They each reflected in
greater or lesser degree our
American illiteracy concern
ing the principles of freedom.
We are a Nation Of illit-
crates in the principles Of
freedom. Our frenzied Nc
Carthyism of a few years ago
as well as our frenzied de-
fense of human rights" to-
day show a basic flaw in our
understanding of what con-
stitutes a free society.
Unless the Supreme Court
and the American people re-
discover the foundations for
freedom within and teach
those principles to themselves
and their children, we cannot
win the battle for mems
minds. We can export our
technical knowledge and ma
terial surpluses. but we can
not share with others a love
of freedom unless we first
love freedom. The. tragedy
of our day is that at a time
when we need a clear state
ment of our principles, the
Supreme Court is busily de-
stroying the only statement
we have. namely, the Con-
Stitution of the United States.
Dorothy B. Moseley.
Evening star., 1960-12-10
Empty Till at u. NJ

Your october % editorial,
Empty Till at the U.N." gave
reasons why the United
States will have to pay half
or more Of the total expense
Of maintaining the U.N. mill
tary force If it is to remain in
the Congo. However, there
are two sides to this question.
and I would like to point out
why the United States should
not pay any more than any
other member nation.
Membership in the U.N. is
open to all peace-loving states
which accept the obligations
contained in the present
charter. and in the Judgment
Of the organizations are able
and willing to carry out these
obligations. Kasavubu, repre-
senting the Congo, has just
been seated in the U.N. Nine
African states voted to seat
the Congo president. Six
African states voted against
the seating, and seven others
abstained from voting. If the
Congo was not able to carry
out its obligations, then it
should not have been seated.
There are 80 nations in the
U.N. Therefore. the United
States should bear one
ninety-ninth part of the total
expense Of keeping the U.N.
force in the Congo--not, as
has been suggested. more
than one-half Of the expense.
What advantage is it to
the United States to pay more
than her pro rata share Of
U. N. expenses? The United
States will still have only one
vote, the same as. CAMERON.
Chad, Gabon, and the Congo.
So why should we foot the
bills for bringing in any and
all of these countries spring.
ing up out Of the jungles-
some Of which are no larger
than one of our American
States, but will have equal
voting power with the United
States in the General Assem-
bly,?
A nation which has a ma
tional debt Of $293 billion
(Which is more than the ma
tional debt of all of the other
countries in the world added
togetheD is in no position to
finance the f1asco in the
Congo.
Kitty L. Reynolds.
Evening star., 1960-12-10
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDriters' correct
names and add, esses. AH let
ters are subject to condensd-
tton. Those not used ptA be
returned only ,Ohen accom-
panied by self addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1960-12-10

be expected to be heard with
increasing vigor. particularly
from those legislators who
are indebted to labor for their
victories at the polls,
The country is still waiting
to learn President-elect Ken
nedy's choice for Secretary of
Labor-rumored to be Arthur
Goldberg. counsel for the
AFL-CIO, who acted as coun-
sci for the steelworkers dur
ing the costly strike against
the steel companies which
ended a year ago.
Won Negro Vote
The Negro vote. it now
appears, went overwhelmingly
for Senator Kennedy-and it
went for him in the South
as well as in the North. In
deed, it has been reported
responsible for the Senator's
carrying both Texas and
South Carolina. What it did
for him in some of the big
cities Is a matter of record
cities including New York.
Philadelphia, Chicago, which
he vitality needed for victory.
The Gallup poll, Just pub
lished, indicates that Senator
Kennedy received So per cent
of the total Negro vote-as
compared to 81 per cent cast
for Adlai Stevenson in 1856.
The same poll comes UP with
a white vote giving Mr.. Nixon
81 per cent and Senator Ken
nedy 40 per cent. If these
figures are correct. Senator
Kennedy's debt to the Negro
vote seems large.
The Negro vote. which has
been increasing in impor-
tance in recent years. as well
as in size, in pre-FDR days
was an asset Of the Republic
can. Party usually-dating
back to the days Immediately
after the Civil War. The great
depression, and President
Franklin D. Roosevelt's relief
measures, which greatly aided
the Negroes in many areas
(indeed, throughout the coun-
try) sent the Negro vote into
the Democratic column and
there it has remained
despite anti-civil rights SEN
timent and action in the
Democratic South.
In the Roosevelt days and
since, the Negro vote has been
considered an asset to the
Democrats, particularly in
the North and West. It has
been more and more obvious.
however, that in the South.
with its large Negro popula-
ton. the Negro vote could be
a great asset. Some South
ern Democrats have SHE'D
away, however, not wishing
to become indebted to the
Negro voters for victories at
the polls. With the Republic
can encroachments in the
region-as in the 1852 and
1856 presidential elections
the value Of the Negro vote
has become more and more
apparent to Southern as well
as Northe Democratic
leaders.
What President-elect Ken
nedy will do to express his
gratitude for the support Of
the Negro voters also remains
to be seen. He has promised
enforcement Of civil rights
under the Federal laws. He
Is expected to ask that these
laws be strengthened, as
pledged in the Democratic
national platform. It has been
rumored that he will appoint
a Negro to his cabinet
Representative Dawson Of
Illinois to be Postmaster
General. for example. Such
an appointment, If made.
would be ironic to the nth
degree. The Republican vice
presidential candidate. for
mer Ambassador Henry Cabot
Lodge of Massachusetts,. had
aroused bitter resentment
among Southern whites dur
ing the campaign when he
announced that Vice PreSi-
dent Nixon might appoint o
Negro to cabinet Office.
Evening star., 1960-12-10

tent to judge these matters.
But surely no one at this late
date will seriously question
the competence of voters in
this enlightened age to vote
intelligently for a presiden-
tial candidate.
. Walter r. Haislin-
Evening star., 1960-12-10

standable, and we hope some formula
can be found that will satisfy all is
NATO members. But obviously the for
mula has not been found yet.