Evening star., 1960-08-24
By ALLEN w. DULLES
Director OF Central Intelligence

foreign potentates and rulers.
We have assumed that If we
remain strong at home, the
danger will in time disappear.
But the situation is not
that simple. The threat is
far greater, and the defense
far more difficult.
The threat is greater, first,
because many Communists
are not mere conspirators but
fanatically dedicated men.
There are innumerable time
servers in the movement, and
many who are corrupt, self
interested, or ineffective.
Nevertheless, throughout the
world there are still thou
sands of dangerously rabid
Communists. Many of them
believe that they are work.
ing for the progress Of man
kind, as they see it. Many of
them-perhaps most of them
are willing to sacrifice
themselves to the cause. Many
OF them are highly trained
and extremely competent.
We have to deal with genuine
revolutionary fervor.
The threat is greater than
mere conspiracy because the
Communists seem to offer
what much of the world-the
underdeveloped world partic-
ularly-is striving for. The
underdeveloped countries are
seized with a passion for
rapid economic growth and
social advance.
We know from history, and
from our own experience,
that economic growth is not
achieved easily. 1t involves
discipline. self-sacrifice ard
a great deal of hard work.
The Soviets promise to de-
liver it on a platter.
More cover, Communists
know the techniques for en-
forcing the most ruthless dis
cipline upon their own and
other peoples. They are mas
tiers of organization. Peoples
in the underdeveloped coun-
tries tend to see only the
achievements of communism;
they overlook its cost in
terms Of human dignity and
political freedom.
II we could offer a prospect
OF economic development
without pain or sacrifice, we
should doubtless triumph
fairly easily over the Commu-
mist adversary in underdevel-
oped countries. But we can
not do SO. We know better
than to try to do so. We re-
frain from making false
promises. The Communists
have no such inhibitions.
We as people have never
given to the study of COM
munism, as I have described
it, the depth and breadth of
effort sufficient to understand
it adequately and to grid to
meet it.
We need far and wide in
this country more education
on the whole history of the
Communist movement.
In our schools and colleges
we can find many courses in
ancient history, in philos-
ophy, courses on the great
movements of the past, the
conquestS of ancient times
from Alexander the Great to
Napoleon. Courses on Com
munist theory and practices
are few and far between
Yet, today we are face to
face with a revolution which
since 1917 has absorbed al
most a billion people; a
movement which boasts blat-
antly and openly that it will
destroy us and all the institu-
tlonS which we hold essential
to our freedom and to our
growth, spiritually and ma
terially.
There is vast body of
readily available and useful
literature descriptive of Com
munist policies, ambitions
and successes. Our press,
radio and television are doing
a fine job in current report
ing and analysis. There are
ample biographies of Com
munist leaders and plenty of
case histories of their actions
in Berlin. Korea, and Hun
gary. We know a great deal.
and can tell a great deal,
about the secret apparatus
which has promoted it's revo-
luton.
BY and large, however. in
our educational institutions.
except in the graduate field
or in specialized schools and
seminars, these subjects are
not generally taught.
l have reviewed the curric-
ula of many of our univer-
sites and colleges. and, de-
spite a considerable advance
In recent years, our students
are not. yet afforded a broad
opportunity to gain the es-
sential background knowledge
OF Communist history and
policy. And we should start
this education in our second
airy schools.
1t is only the very few who
have read about Marx. the
titular father of the system.
Here was one of the meanest.
least admirable characters in
his relation with other hu-
man beings who ever existed.
He was an unoriginal theo-
retical thinker. His economic
writings were outmoded even
when they appeared. Even
the Communists themselves
are beginning to admit that
he is not a completely reli-
able guide for political action.
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