davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-12-24
Patronage Has Limits

There Is traditional and legitimate
field for patronage operations by the
Kennedy administration, as Clark Cliff
ford has pointed out in his discussion Of
the subject with the President-elect.
The field Is strictly limited by civil serv-
Ice laws, however, so that merit-System
employees making a career Of Govern
ment service need have no fear of losing
their Jobs.
The bulk Of the executive positions
that are subject to change with the ad-
vent Of q new political regime are in
what Mr.. Clifford referred to as "Sched-
ule c." There are about 1,40O such Jobs
not all Of them at present filled by
political appointees. AL these positions
may be taken over, however, by Kennedy
appointees. ANY civil service employees
now holding Schedule c Jobs may be
transferred to other Offices, but they
may not be dismissed to make way for
recipients Of patronage.
The Schedule c jobs for the most
part are policy-making posts or other
key off1ces which the Chief Executive
may wish to 1ill with persons of known
ability and Of loyalty to his program. In
addition, Of course, are the cabinet, sub
cabinet and other high-level supervisory
positions not under civil service. There
will be total Of more than 1900 So
called patronage opportunities for the
new administration to consider. How
ever, President-elect Kennedy during
his campaign gave assurance that tech
nical and other specially qualified
employees not protected by civil service
would not necessarily be ousted. And
the Civil Service Commission win be on
the alert. as always, to safeguard the
Job security Of all career workers.
Evening star., 1960-12-24
Riqhts of Juveniles

Presumably the conflicting opinions
by two District Court judges as to the
rights Of juveniles under the Constitu-
ton eventually will be resolved by the
United States Court Of Appeals, And,
If previous rulings by the appellate
tribunal are a criterion, the decision
will support District Judge George L.
Hart'S contention that a juvenile
detained by the Juvenile Court has
no constitutional right to projections
granted adult defendants in criminal
cases.
Judge Hart specifically ruled that
juvenile sent to the Receiving Home
in an unlawful entry case has no right
to bail. This decision was the reverse
Of that handed down last October by
District Judge Holtzoff in a similar
case. Judge Holtzoff held that the
Constitution contains no age limits"
His opinion has been appealed by the
District. Judge Hart, however, cited
an appellate court opinion of June,
1859, that Juvenile Court proceedings
are noncriminal and hence not subject
to constitutional safeguards for adults
in criminal cases. Chief Appellate
Judge Prettyman at that time stated
that a defendant before the Juvenile
Court is mot accused Of a crime, not
tried for a crime, not convicted of a
crime, not deemed to be criminal, not
punished as criminal"
We interpret this language as
completely supporting Judge Hart's
ruling in the bail casa ruling that
seems more reasonable than that
Of Judge Holtzoff.
Evening star., 1960-12-24
Santa cIousitis

Santa Clausitis is catching
Don't keep your children
away Call Santa Claus to
treat them/ And watch 1t 60
away It's q highly conta-
giouS/ And communicable
disease Children get it most
ly/From trimming Christmas
treeS./ The sight Of myste-
rious packages May cause q
rash quite red/ Which lasts
and Lasts and goes away
When the kids are put to bed.
Christmas is Just hours
away.f But to kids It seems
like years. And since Santa
hasn't shown yeti There may
be many tears.I Just put your
children to bed tonight With
lots Of loving care Tell them
that Santa win soon arrive
Ana that you win always be
there.
This disease 10 here to stay
And will recur each year,
There Is no specific cure for
~ So wipe away yo,ir tear I
Yes. 1t Is in the epidemic
stage/ And will again break
out next year, But as long as
we have children There Is
really nothing to fear.
] Georgia @. Maliares,
Evening star., 1960-12-24
Zoo Plan and Reality

The master plan for the National
Geological Park prepared for the
Friends Of the National Zoo would
modernize and expand this popular
institution in most attractive way.
The Zoos present buildings are out
moded and inadequate, Just as the
method for maintaining and improving
1t are outmoded and inadequate. In
fact, the deteriorated condition Of the
Zoo is directly attributable to the handi-
caps which an improper financing
system has imposed over the years.
The imaginative layout recon-
mended by Landscape Architects Palmer
and Trotter would transform the Rock
Creek Park establishment into an
animal refuge and showplace of truly
national Importance. The animals
would be comfortably housed in an
array Of buildings designed to display
their occupants in surroundings as
nearly like their original habitat as
possible. There would be ample drive
ways around the perimeter, plenty of
parking space nearby and ample walk
ways for children and grownups.
If the Zoo plan Is not to remain
q paper dream, however, Congress will
have to md better way Of financing
the Zoo than the one now used. Although
the National Geological Park, as Its
name indicates, is o national, not
municipal, agency, Congress made the
mistake many years ago Of handling
the appropriations through the District
Of Columbia budget. Yet the District
has no control whatever over admins
tration Of the Zoo. It is solely under
the control Of the Smithsonian Institu-
tion's Board Of Regents.
It is fine and proper to plan for
a bigger and better Zoo, but q sense of
realism requires that better plan be
worked out, too, for financing the
program proposed by the landscape
architects, The Friends Of the Zoo, q
voluntary group, could give no estimate
of the cost Of the reconstruction pro-
gram. The organization Is right, how
ever, in contending that the cost,
whatever 1t may be, cannot fairly be
saddled wholly on the District Govern
ment. We hope the Friends" will be
able to convince Congress that the
National Zoo ought to be chiefly a ma
tional rather than local responsibility.
Evening star., 1960-12-24
NucIeor War Plans

:. The central idea in The Stars Sc
rieS, 100 Million Lives" is n simple
one: There is no way this country can
beneft II the major cities Of Russia and
America are destroyed in nuclear war,
sd there is no logical reason why we
should start such a mass exchange of
lives.
:, The Strategic Air Command, on ap-
prcval Of the Joint Chiefs Of Staff, rec
onamendS wartime targets, however,
which would almost certainly set of
such deadly exchange. The Air Forces
own study concludes that this could re-
suit in the needless deaths Of 100 mil
lien Americans and our destruction as
a AVIATION. SAC leaders and their COL
Leagues in the other services seem fas-
ci1ated by the fact that the Soviet
Union would be destroyed, too, but
there Is small comfort in this knowledge.
!, We are interested more in the
stqdy'S conclusion that by making de-
liberate efforts to spare cities, we could
save those American lives and still de-
sttoy all the legitimate military targets
our forces could hnd. Chances Of VIC
tory would be increased, the study says.
The merits Of this new Air Force
exercise in lighting" wars on COM
puter machines may be debatable. It's
details are secret. We can only say
that II its conclusions are valid, this
country is now on the wrong track in
nuclear war strategy. The Joint Chiefs
Of Stan, the Secretary Of Defense and
Congressmen are showing interest in
the study. We hope they will make
efforts to insure that this country will
not be the one to start city exchange.
OF course, strategy that would
spare cities would be dificult to imple-
naent. But the alternative now planned,
that we necessarily must destroy most
Russian cities in time of war, is no
answer to these problems. Nor is 1t
helpful to suggest that we should not
discuss nuclear war in public for fear
talk will lead to action. Nor do the
Evening star., 1960-12-24
Christmas Eve

Please take my heart and
hold 1t, God/ Within your
hand tonight And on TO-
morrow's glorious dawn
Please see that love takes
fight To mountains, hills
and troubled, seas,/ To all
lands meath the Skies./ That
1t may safely touch the
heart OF every friend ]
prize.
To those I love so much,
dear God.i Please keep your
spirit near,/ And in some
way give to their hearts
A bit Of Yuletide cheer./
And let them know that we
are closeJ Though distances
may be far,/ For I feel sure
their hearts are here,/ Just
as mine is, where they are.
LeOt1 MalIicOte HERITAGE.
Evening star., 1960-12-24
Air Tragedy

The Star and other news
media have published maps
showing the separate air
trafic patterns assigned the
Constellation and DC8, which
should have prevented the
midair collision over the New
York area.
Reminiscent Of another
collision Is the fact that 1t
was reported as observed by
a ground controller helpless
ly watching 1t on q radar
scope.
Undoubtedly there will be
a determination of the
problems" but one thing that
I consider pertinent Is the
proximity Of the instrument
weather air trafiic holding
patterns and how pilots flying
blind" determine where one
Of the types Of holding pat
terms is located.
Take Preston" where the
DC8 had ben instructed to
hold. This theoretical point
in the sky Is determined by
the intersection Of two radio
bearings which the pilot de-
termines by tuning in two
separate radio omni broad
cast stations. Signals acti.
vate radio compass bearing
pointers on the ships in
strument panel.
One such radio station
Colts Neck" is 10 miles
south (exact bearing ITO
degrees) from Preston. An
other station "Robinsville"
is about 10 miles southwest
Clearing 230 degrees). The
pilot navigates and steers
his high-speed aircraft to
arrive at q point in the sky
where the radio bearings
intersect. when" he gets
there he holds by flying an
Evening star., 1960-12-24
Grey Leslie.

Onlte0 states mas been struck
by 1000 Russian ICBMs?
1t is high time you exposed
this Air Force philosophy for
what 1t is: o pre-condition-
ing Of the press, the Con-
gresS and the United States
public leading to acceptance
Of an aggressive war"
strategy which is. really, the
only strategy that can con-
tinue to justify the USAF as
the dominant strategic deter.
rent in the free world.
This scares me, and it also
has been soaring our NATO
allies for q long while.
Paul H. Lindgren.
1t Is regrettable enough
that we unfortunately. have q
number Of irrational raadmen
among our military plan
ners; 1t is worse when a re-
sponsible newspaper lends
stature to this insanity. OF
course. I am referring to 100
Million Lives" with q byline
by Richard Fryklund. OBJ
viously designed to make the
idea Of war more palatable by
presumably eliminating the
"doomsday" choice Of ma.
tional suicide or surrender.
OF course, your writer for
gets that the same choice
faces our opponents, although
they perhaps are more likely
to be willing to lose q good
part Of their population.
In the series it is pointed
out that this type Of strategy
would give US a better chance
of winning. If this be so, what
will cause our opponents to
grant us this advantage?
It Is entirely possible that
we-and the other side-may
start out with the idea Of
trying to avoid cities as tar
gets. But assuredly, once
either side gains an obvious
preponderance, their opposite
numbers are bound to throw
such restrictions to the wind.
Can anyone conceive of sur
rendering our country with.
out having tried just about
any possible way of averting
such a fate? Well, I am sure.
neither can the Russians or
their Chinese allies for that
matter.
To report these Pentagon
meanderings without at the
same time (not perhaps later
in the series) pointing out
that this way lies insanity Is
rather less than responsible
reporting, I fear.
Eric Reisfeld.
Evening star., 1960-12-24

face Of that danger. Our
most effective efforts must be
expended to cope with our
declared enemy while at the
same time we face up to
our ordinary problems now
magnif1ed.
Lloyd Buchanan.
= =
II your newspaper supports
the content Of Richard
Fryklund's series. then you
must advocate one Of the two
following postulates:
/. Aggressive war" ini-
tiated by the United States
Air Force, or.
2. A total sea biased nuclear
deterrent force.
You leave little doubt that
1t is my first postulate which
you support.
Every layman in this
country can understand that
II we are to "react" to q
second strike" strategy,
which means the enemy has
struck us or Is about to, then
what military targets are we
going to strike back against?
Vacated missile launchers.
empty airflelds, deployed
troops? There will be no
major military targets to
strike! Furthermore, 1t would
appear most difficult to
strike at military targets"
when the locations of 80 per
cent of them are unknown to
the striking force. Thus.
logically, the only worth
while targets remaining are
industrial complexes support
ing the military effort. all
located in civilian. urban
centers behind the Iron Cur
tain.
I would also ask what
United States intelligence
source has the wisdom to
hypothesize that the Soviet
Union intends to spare our
population centerS. most Of
which are surrounded by
United States military install
lations? Anyone is able to
understand the absurdity OF
this kind Of philosophy.
A recent Air Force press
release said: IF 1000
properly hardened Minute
men missiles were struck by
1000 Soviet ICBMs, $50
Minutemen missiles will re-
main to launch against
Russia" ! ask Mr.. Fryklund,
what will they be launched
at and what will be the con-
dition Of the North Ameri-
can continent after the
Evening star., 1960-12-24

~~-~-s-
puter machines indicate, we
are told. 1T is dangerous
for America to build q mill
tary force capable of defeat
ing the Soviet Union in
nuclear war. It also Is dam
gerous to prepare to defend
ourselves in a big war"
1t is dangerous to live
even II we do not live dan
gerously. Certainly the pos
sibility Of war is a danger,
and we cannot conceive. Of
war which is not dangerous.
If in building up our forces
our major concern Is to avoid
provoking the potential en-
emy. we will be placing our
selves on the road to sur
render. For what is "provoca- =
tive" is determined by that
enemy's subjective reaction
and decision: Our own efYec-
tive preparation for the
worst Is hardly compatible
with an attitude Of appease-
ment and notification in
that preparation.
This is not to suggest that
we bluster or threaten. But
we must not hold back from
necessary preparation merely
to meet the complaints OF
hard bargainers on the other
side that we must help them
to save face after they have
made outrageous demands.
(This is the essence of dia-
lectical materialism. Perhaps
we need more skillful bar
gamers on our Side.)
Let us hope that, in max
ing these studies and feeding
their computer, our defense
leaders have not considered
an abstract or so-called
normal enemy. The specific
enemy, Communist imperial
ism, will by its nature and
definition continuously crowd
us, however firm or soft a
position we take.
The threat, Of guns or
nonviolent enslavement, is a
danger which we must rec
ognize. We have no decent
alternative to living in the
Evening star., 1960-12-24
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used u
letters carry tDrtters' correct
names and addresses. All let
terS are subject to condenSd.
ttOH. Those not used sOtu be
returned only tChen accom-
panied By self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1960-12-24

services help when they change discus
sions Of strategy into pickering over
favorite weapons.
We hope the incoming administra-
ton can take a new and unbiased look
at our nuclear war plans.
Evening star., 1960-12-24

@. Was there ever an
American automobile named
the Buckmobilef III. s.
A. The Buckmobile, made
by the company of that name
In Utica, N. Y. in the 1irst
decade of the 1900s, was one
Of the motor cars with car
riage or wagon-type bodies
which eventually lost their
market to the Model T Ford.
BuckboardS and runabouts,
as these cars were called,
were In the $400-$5O0 price
range and cheap to operate;
they were extensively used by
farmers, mail carriers, travel
ing statesmen, and country
doctors. The Buckmobile,
advertised as "the only prac-
tical motor road-wagon
built" offered q 2-cylinder,
IS h.p. motor.
@. What kind Of training
Is given at a school for base
ball umpires2-I. B.
A. At the Florida school
for umpires, which has been
established for more than
20 years, the course runs six
weeks. In February and
March. Half the time is
spent In the classroom,
learning rules and studying
diagrams Of plays. The
other weeks are spent out
doors, getting into condi-
ton and umpiring actual
games under supervision.
Students may fail for such
physical reasons as poor
vision, for inability to make
fast and accurate decisions,
and for personal unsuitability
for the Job Of umpiring.
@. Did Edison invent the
first incandescent electric
lamp?-G. C.
A. Edison invented the
first successful one, but credit
for the first lamp Of this type
Is given to the English chem
1T Sir Humphrey Davy
(1778-l829), who built one
when he was "a years old.
It was commercially inprac.
Evening star., 1960-12-24
Lively Reaction to 100 Million Lives

In his series on nuclear
war and strategy, Richard
Fryklund informs US that
according to o letter issued,
albeit unofncially. by the
Chief Of Naval Operations,
an increase In missile attack
and defense m easures
merely promotes an arms
race. It challenges the
Military estimates and
solid logic" as well as COM
Evening star., 1960-12-24
THE POLITICAL MILL
Kennedys Look Forward to 1864
By GOULD LINCOLN

seems to have gone awry. For
Mr.. Prendergast has not
only said he will remain
through his present term as
State chairman, but indi-
Gated he may seek another.
He has said fatty he Is not
going to accept q Federal Job.
He has held q meeting Of the.
State Committee at which
early reports indicated his
successor as chairman would
be chosen. He has held
meetings with Q great ma
jority Of the Democratic
county chairmen from up-
state and also with the party
leaders Of the i've big city
counties-and there has been
little sign Of revolt against
him.
Patronage IL Weapon
The weapon in the Ken
nedys' hands Is Federal pat
ronage. They could deny
such patronage to the Demo-
cratic State Chairman and
to all the county chairmen
who support Mr.. Prendergast.
This could be q risky course.
1t might intensity resent
ment, even though 1t brought
these leaders to heel. In Sc.
lecting his Cabinet, Mr.. Ken
nedy picked only one resident
Of New York, Dean Rusk Of
Scarsdale, head Of the Rocke-
Teller Foundation for some
years. His appointment was
not considered q strictly po-
litical appointment. The only
other cabinet appointee who
may be considered q New
Yorker. although he lives In
New Jersey, IS Douglas Dill
lon to be Secretary Of the
Treasury-and he is q Re-
publican. But lesser Jobs are
to be Observation-Disclosures, al
ready are being distributed.
Who is to be the final dis
tributor Of the myriad Fed
eral jobs. remains to be seen.
AS Of today, the President
elects brother-in-law, r.
Sargent Shriver, sitting at
the Democratic National
Committee headquarters here
has much to do with this
task. When things settle
down. the new chairman Of
the national committee, q
real political pro from Con-
necticut, John M. Bailey, may
become the channel through
which these appointments
flow.
The President-elect did not
follow the example Of the
late President Franklin D.
Roosevelt, former President
Truman. and President FL
senhower when 1t came to
naming the next Postmaster
General. They picked politi-
cal leaders. Mr.. Kennedy has
placed a businessman In this
ofice, so long considered q
political job. with its myriad
employees, poStmaSters, letter
carriers, etc. His Postmaster
General will be j. Edward
Day, 8 vice president Of the
Prudential Insurance Co. But
MIR. Day is a resident Of Los
Angeles. California. and he
was Q pro-Kennedy delegate
from California ut the Los
Angeles Democratic National
Convention last July. Obvi.
Ously, Mr.. Kennedy believes
in recognizing this great Pa
cif1c Coast State which soon
will have almost as many
electoral votes as New York.
While these moves by the
President-elect may be po-
litical, and wisely intended,
1t Is o fact he Is trying to
get good men for high Gov
ernment ofiice. Further, the
important thing, If he is to
have . second term in the
White House, is for him to
have q successful admins
tration Of the Government In
his first. And no one should
be in doubt that John r.
Kennedy intends TO be the
best Chief Executive he pos.
sibly can.
Evening star., 1960-12-24

Having won election by q
really narrow margin-de-
spite the fact the Electoral
College gave him 800 votes,
or 81 more than the neces-
sary majority President
elect Kennedy apparently
realizes he may have no easy
road when 1t comes to re-
election in 1864. He and his
campaign manager, Robert
F. Kennedy who is now to
become Attorney General,
upon whose advice the Pres
ident-elect has relied heavily,
are taking a long look for
ward. AS Of today, the two
most likely to be Republic
can Party nominee for Pres
ident four years from now
are Vice President Richard
M. Nixon Of California and
Gov. Nelson A. Rockefeller
Of, New York. The Ken
nedys. therefore, are not
overlooking the political sit
uations in these two most
populous States. They real
ize that II Gov. Rockefeller Is
reelected in 1862, he will be
a formidable contender for
the COP. presidential nomi-
nation two years later. They
realize, too. that he might
carry New York State in the
presidential election, and
other big industrial States,
without which Mr.. Kennedy
could not survive.
They realize also that If
Mr.. Nixon, who is going back
to his home State to practice
law and who assuredly is not
going to retire from politics,
should decide to run for Gov
ernor In 1862 and should win
over the not-too-popular
Democratic Governor, Pat
Brown, he too would become
o threat in the succeeding
presidential election.
How close was the election
Is readily understood when it
is realized that q change of
fewer than 100000 votes in
New York. which cast more
than Z million votes, would
have given New York's As
electoral votes to Mr.. Nixon,
and Q change Of many fewer
votes In Pennsylvania, would
have placed the Keystone
States 80 electoral votes also
In the Nixon column.
The Kennedy brothers un-
doubtedly would very much
like to see both Mr.. Nixon and
Gov. Rockefeller take politi-
cal turnbles. OF course, Mr..
Nixon may not seek the gov
ernorship. and II he doesn't,
the Kennedys may feel that
1t viii be difncult for the Vice
President to retain the poll.
tical strength which he
showed in the recent elec.
tion. Gov. Rockefeller, how
ever, already has announced
he intends to run for re-
election, and therefore be-
comes . definite target OF
the Democrats. 6
Move AsainSt Prendergast
Bobby Kennedy. seemingly
with the approval Of his
brother, has been active in the
New York political situation
where war between the regu-
lar Democratic organization
and the so-oalled reform
group, headed by two old
Roosevelt New Dealers, for.
mer Senator Lehman and
Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt, was
resumed Immediately after
the Kennedy election on
November Q. His effort, &C.
cording to all reports, has
been to get rid Of Democratic
State Charm q n Michael
Prendergast - as q prelimi-
nary to taking all power away
from Democratic National
Committeeman and Tam
many Boss Carmine DeSapio
Despite the rosy reports that
Mr.. Kennedy had succeeded,
and that Mr.. Prendergast
was soon on his way out
perhaps into q Federal, nom
political job-Som m e t htng
Evening star., 1960-12-24
FrownS on Lawrence

One gets tired and an.
noyed beyond the point Of
boredom. with the vaporings
OF your columniSt, David
Lawrence.
His recent pontiication,
Political Factors in the
Cabinet" could readily be
used IS Q Textbook lesson
In the use Of non-seQuiturS.
That observation is as
charitable q comment per-
mitted me in his attempts
to be a political historian
and q self-appotnted monitor
and guide Of Government
operations In all fields.
Does Mr.. Lawrence approve
Of anything?
Grey Leslie.