davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-10-08
Kennedy Reply

Senator Kennedy-Well, Mr.,
Nixon has stated the record
inaccurately in regard to the
depressed area bill. am very
familiar with it. 1t came out
of the committee Of which I
was the chairman, the Labor
subcommittee, in 1855. I was
the floor manager.
We passed an area redevel-
opment bill far more effective
than the bill the administration
suggested on two occasions.
And the President vetoed it
both times. We passed a bill
again this year in the Senate
and it died in the Rules Com
mittee of the House Of Repre-
SentativeS.
Let me make it very clear
that the bill that Mr.. Nixon
talks about did not mention
Wilkes-Barre and Scranton,
and it did not mention West
Virginia. Our bill was far more
effective. The bill introduced
and sponsored by Senator
Douglas was far more effective
in trying to stimulate the
economy of those areas. Sec
ond, he has mentioned the
problem of our older citizens.
I cannot still understand why
this administration and Mr..
Evening star., 1960-10-08
Nixon Reply

Mr.. Nixon - First of all, I
think Senator Kennedy should
make up his mind with regard
to my responsibilities. In our,
first debate, he indicated that
II had not had experience or
at least had not participated
significantly in the making or
the decisions. am glad to hear
tonight that he does suggest
that I have had some ex-
perience. - =
Let me make my position
clear. I have participated in
the discussions leading to the
decisions in this administra-
ton. I am proud of the record
of this administration. I don't
stand on it because it isn't
something to stand on, bE
something to build on.
Now, looking at Senator
Kennedy's credentials. he is
suggesting that he will move
America faster and further
than I will, but what does he
offer? He offers retreads or
programs that failed.
submit to you that If you
look at his program, his pro-
gram for example with regard
to the Federal Reserve and free
See TEXT, Page AS
Evening star., 1960-10-08

so that trained people in these
newly developing countries can
operate.
We also have to have in mind
something else with regard to
this whole situation in the world
and that is that as America
moves forward we not only
must think in terms Of fight
ing communism but we must
also think primarily in terms
Of the intests of these countries.
We must associate ourselves
with their aspirations, we must
let them know that the great
American ideals Of independ-
ence. Of the right of people to
be free. Of the right to progress,
that these are ideals that they
desire. that belong not to our
selves alone but belong to
everybody.
This we must get across to
the world and we cannot do ii
unless we do have adequate
funds for. for example, infor-
nation. which has been cut
by the Congress. adequate funds
for technical assistance.
The other point that I would
make with regard to economic
assistance and technical as
sistance is that the United
States must not rest its case
here alone. This is primarily an
theological battle. a battle fol-
the minds and the hearts and
the souls of men. We must moi
meet the Communist merely IL
the field of eight years growth
we must stand for ideals.
Evening star., 1960-10-08
Nixon Reply

Mr.. Nix0n-Senator Kennedy
has expressed some high hopes
in this field. hopes which I
think all America would share
who face the problems and
want progress in this area, but
let's not forget the people we
select as Vice Presidents. AS a
Vice President he selected a
man who has voted against
most Of these proposals and a
man who opposes them at the
present time. Let's look at what
I did. I selected q man who
stands with me in this field
and who will talk with me and
work with me on 1t.
Now, the Senator referred
to the Committee on Govern
ment Contracts and yet that
very committee, of which I am
chairman, has been handi-
capped by the fact that they
had not the adequate funds,
we have not had adequate
powers, we have not had ade-
quate staff.
Now, in the special session of
Congress and also in the ses-
sion that preceded it, the Dem
ocratic Congress. in which
there is a two-to-one Demo-
Evening star., 1960-10-08

cratic majority. was asked by
the President to give us. the
funds and give us the power to
do a job and they did nothing
at all. And in the special ses-
sion. in which Senator Ken
nedy was calling the signals
along with Senator Johnson,
they turned it down and he
himself voted against giving us
powers. despite the fact that
the bill had already been con-
sidered before. that it had al
ready had hearings on, and the
Congress already knew what II
had before it.
All that I can say Is this,
what we need here are not just
high hopes. What we need is
action.
And in the field of executive
leadership, I can say that I be-
lieve it is essential that the
President of the United States
not only set the tone but he also
must lead, he must act as he
i talks.
Evening star., 1960-10-08
Nixon Gives Stand
On Civil Rights

MIR. Spivak-Mr. Vice Pres
ident, you hdUe accused Sem
dtor Kennedy OF avoiding the
ciuil rights issue tDheu he has
been in the South and he
accused you OF the same
thinn. With both North and
South listening and Datch-
ing, fDill you sum up your
o1on intentions in the field OF
ciUil rights II you become
President?
Mr.. NixOn-My intentions il
the field of civil rights havt
been spelled out in the Repub'
lican platform. I think we havI
to make progress first in th'
field of employment and ther'
we would give statutory au
thority to the Committee OF
Government Contracts whicl
is an effective way of gettinl
real progress made in this arei
since, about one out of ever,
three jobs is held by and is al
lotted by people who hav
j Government contracts.
Certainly think all Of u
Evening star., 1960-10-08

Nixon oppose putting medical
care for the aged under Social
Security to give them some
security.
Third, I believe we should
step up the use of our surplus
foods in these areas for those
people who are getting five
cents a day worth as a food
package. I believe we, should
stimulate the economy. I be-.
lieve we should not carry out
a hard money high interest rate
policy which helped intensity
certainly the recession Of 1858.
and I think helped bring the
showdown of 1860.
If we move into a recession in
1861 then I would agree we
have to put more money into
the economy. and it can be
done by either one of the two
methods discussed; one is by
programs such as aid to edu-
cation, the other would be to
make a judgment of what is
the most effective tax program
to stimulate the economy.
Evening star., 1960-10-08
Kennedy Reply

Sen. Kennedy - Well, Mr..
Nixon has not discussed the
two basic questions. What is
going to be done and what will
be his policy on implementing
the Supreme Court decision OF
1854? Giving aid to schools
technically that are trying to
carry out the decision is not the
great question.
Secondly, what is he going
to do to provide fair employ
ment? He has not indicated
his support of attempts to pro-
vide fair employment practices
around the country so that
everyone can get a job regard.
less of their race or color, mol
has he indicated that he would
support Title III, which woulc
give the Attorney General ad.
ditional powers to protect con-
stitutional rights. These are the
great questions.
Equality of education ir
schools. About Q per cent oi
our population of white people
is illiterate, 10 per cent of oul
colored population; so to II
per cent of our colored chill.
dren do not finish high school
These are the questions II
these areas the North and thu
South, East and West are en-.
titled to know. What will b,
the leadership of the President
in these areas providing equal,
ity Of opportunity for employ
ment, equality of opportunit!
in the fields of housing, which
could be done in all Fedora
supported houses by the Strok,
of the Presidents pen.
What will be done to pro
vide equality of education il
all sections of the UniteC
States? Those are the ques
tions on which the Presiden
must establish a moral tone
a morale leadership. and 1 cal
assure you that if I am elected
President we will do so.
Evening star., 1960-10-08
Nixon Reply

Mr.. NixOn-I think Senator
Kennedy is wrong on three
counts. First of all, he is wrong
in thinking or even suggesting
that Mr.. Krushchev might
have continued the conference
if we had expressed regrets.
He knew these flights we're go
ing on long before. and that
wasn't the reason that he
broke up the conference.
Second, he is wrong in the
analogy that he makes. The
United States is a strong coun-
try. Whenever we do anything
that is wrong, we can express
regrets, but when the President
of the United States is doing
something that is right. some
thing that is for the purpose of
defending the security of this
country against surprise attack,
he can never express regret or
apologize to anybody, includ-
ing Mr. Krushchev.4
Now, in that connection,
Senator Kennedy has criticized
the President on the ground
not only of not expressing re-
grets but because he allowed
this fight to take place while
the summit conference or i'm
mediately before the summit
conference occurred. This
seems to me a criticism that
again is wrong on his part. We
all remember Pearl Harbor. We
lost 5000 American lives. We
cannot afford another Pearl
Harbor, and I just want to
make my position absolutely
clear with regard to getting
intelligence information.
don't intend to see to 1t
that the United States is ever
in a position where while we
are negotiating with the Soviet
Union that we discontinue our
intelligence effort, and I don't
intend ever to express regret
to Mr.. Krushchev or anybody
else If I am doing something
that has the support Of Con-
gress, and that is right for the
purpose of protecting the Sc
curity of the United States.
Evening star., 1960-10-08
~
Kennedy Reply

Senator Kennedy In the
first place, I never suggested
that Cuba was lost, except fol
the part in my speech last
night where I indicated that ]
thought Cuba one day woulo
be free.
Where I have been critical Of
the administrations policy and
whore / criticize Mr.. Nixon was
because in his press conference
in Havana in 1855 he praised
the competence and stability oi
the Batista dictatorship. That
dictatorship killed over 10000
Cubans in 7 years.
Secondly, I did not criticize
him for not calling for free
elections, but what I criticized
was the failure Of the admin
istration to use it's great in
fiuence to persuade the Cubar
government to hold free elec'
tions, particularly in 1857 ant
1858. Thirdly Arthur Gardner
a Republican ambassador, Ear
Smith, a Republican ambassa'
dor, both have indicated in thu
past six weeks that they re-
ported to Washington tina
Castro was a Marxist. tina
Raoul Castro was Communist
and they got no effective re
suit. Instead our aid continues
to Batista, which was ineftec
tive.",We never were on the sid
Of freedom.
We never used our influenc
when we could have used !
most effectively and today Cub
is lost to- freedom. I hope som
day it will rise, but I don
think it will rise if we continu
the same policy toward Cub
that we did in recent years. an
in fact toward all Of Lati
America. We almost ignore
the needs of Latin Americ'
beaming not a single Voice {
America program in Spanish
all, of Latin America in the la'
eight years, except for til
three months of the Hungaria
revolution.
Evening star., 1960-10-08
Nixon Reply

Mr.. Nixon-Senator Kennedy
has put a great deal of stress
on the necessity for economic
assistance. This is important
but it is also tremendously i'm
portant to bear in mind that
when you pour in money with
out pouring in technical as
sistance as we'll that you have
a disastrous situation. We need
to step up exchange, we need
to step up technical assistance
Evening star., 1960-10-08

when heJsays the Congress has
not provided more funds, in
fact. than the President rec
commended for national defense.
In 1854 we tried to put appro-
priations Of IS billion for our
defense. I was responsible for
the amendment with Senator
Monroney. in 1854, to strength
en- our ground forces. The Con-
gress of the United States ap-
propriated $677 million more
than the President was willing
to use up until a week ago.
Secondly, on the question of
our position in the United Ma
tions. we all know about the
vote held this week Of the five
neutrals. It was generally re-
garded as a defeat for the
United States.
Thirdly. in 1852 there were
only seven votes in favor Of
admission Of Red China into
the United Nations; last year
there were 20 and tomorrow
when the preliminary voting is
held you win see a strengthen
ing of that position or very
closely to it.
We have not maintained our
position. The Gallup Poll taken
in February Of this year. in
eight out Of nine countries
they asked the people who dc
they think will be the leader
in 1870 militarily and Scien-
tifically and a majority in eight
of the nine countries said the
Soviet Union by 1910.
Gov. Rockefeller has beer
far more critical, in June. oi
our position in the world thar
II have been. The Rockefeller
Brothers Report. Gen. Ridge
way, Gen. Gavin, the Gather
Report. the various reports oi
congressional committees all
indicate the relative strength
Of the United States, both mill
tarily, politically, psychologi'
! cally and scientifically and in
dustrially. the relative strengths
of the United States compared
to that Of the Soviet Union anC
the Chinese Communists TO-
gether has deteriorated in thu
last eight years and we Shoulc
know it and the American peo'
pie should be told the facts.
Evening star., 1960-10-08
Nixon's Position
On Unemployment

dent, the Labor Department
today added fve more major
industrial centerS to the list
OF areas NTH substantial un-
employment. You said in NeD
York this meek that as Pres
ident you Mould use the full
poDerS of Government ii
necessary to combat unem-
ployment. Specifically, Dhat
measures tDould you advocate
and at tUhdt point?
Mr.. Nix0n-To combat un-
employment we first must con-
centrate on the very areas to
which you referred, the So
called depressed areas.
Now. in the last Congress
the special session of Congress
there was a bill. one by the
President, and one by Senator
Kennedy and members of hi;
party. Now. the bill that the
President has submitted would
have provided more aid fol
those areas that really need it
areas like Scranton and Wilkes.
Barre and areas of West Vir.
ginia. than the one that Sena'
tor Kennedy was supporting.
On the other hand, we founc
that the bill had gotten int
legislative difficulties and con,
sequently no action was taken
So. point one. at the highes
priority we must get a bill TO-
depressed areas through tht
next Congress. I have mad
recommendations on that ant
I have discussed them pre-
viously and I will spell then
out further in the campaign.
| Second, as we consider thi
problem of unemployment w
have to realize where it is ant
in analyzing the figures we will
find that our Unemployment
exists among the older citizens
it exists also among those whit
are inadequately trained, tina
is, those who do not have al
adequate opportunity for edu'
cation.
1t also exists among minorit,
groups. If we are going tc
combat unemployment then W
have to do a better job in thest
areas. That is why have s
program for education, a pro.
gram in the case of equal jot
opportunities and one tha
would also deal with our oldel
citizens.
Now. finally, with regard tt
the whole problem of combat.
ing recession. as you call it, WI
must use the full resources o.
the Government in these re-
spects.
One, we must see to it that
credit is expanded as we e
into any recesSionary period
Understand do not believe WI
are going into a recession,
believe this economy is sounC
and that we are going to move
up.
But. second, in addition tt
that. if we do get into a reces'
sionary period we should mov'
on that part of the econom!
which is represented by tn,
private sectors and stimulat'
that part of the economy tina
can create jobs. the private
sector of the economy.
That means through tax re
moval and, if necessary, Ia,
cuts that will stimulate more
jobs. ! favor that rather thar
massive Federal spending pro-
grams which will come into
effect usually long after you
have passed through the recess
sionary period. We must use al
Of these weapons for the pur-
pose of combating recession, II
it should come. but do not
expect it to come.
Evening star., 1960-10-08

agree that when anybody has
a Government contract Ger.
tainly the money that is spent
under that contract ought to
be disbursed equally without
regard to the race or creed OF
color Of the individual who is
to be employed.
Second. in the field OF
schools, we believe that there
should be a provision whereby
the Federal Government would
give assistance to those dis
tricts who do want to integrate
their schools. That, of course,
was rejected. as was the Gov
ernment contract provision. by
the special session of the Con-
greSs in which Mr.. Kennedy
was quite active.
And then. as far as other
areas are concerned, I think
that we have to look to presi-
Dental leadership. Now, when
I speak of presidential leader
ship I refer, for example, to ouI
attitude on the sit-in strikes
Here we have a situation which
causes all of us concern, causes
us concern because of the de-
nial Of the rights of people to
the equality which we think be-
longs to everybody. I have
talked ito Negro mothers.
have heard them explain, try
to explain. to tell their children
how they can go into a store
and buy a loaf of bread but
then can't go into that store
and sit at the counter and gel
a Coca-Cola. This is wrong anc
we have to do something about
it.
So under the circumstance:
Whit do we do? Well, what we
do is what the Attorney Gen.
eral of the United States die
under the direction Of the
President, call in the owners
of chain stores and get them
to take action.
Now, there are oth-~ place.
where the executive can leac
but let me just sum up by saying
this: Why do talk every time
I am in the South of civi
rights? Not because 1 an
preaching to the people of the
South, because that isn't just
a Southern problem. 1t is 6
Northern problem and it is 6
Western problem. It is a prob
lem for all of us.
| / do it because it is the re.
Sponsibility Of leadership. I dC
it because we have to solve thi.
problem together. I do it right
at this time. Particularly be.
cause when we have Khrush.
chev in this country. a mar
who has enslaved millions, &
man who has slaughtered
Thousands. We cannot continue
to have a situation where HI
can point the finger at thC
United States of America anC
say that we are denying right.
to our citizens. And so I say
both the candidates and botf
the vice presidential candidates
I would hope as we'll, including
Senator Johnson, should tall
on this issue at every oppor.
| tunity,
Evening star., 1960-10-08
Nixon Comments
On Losses Abroad

4sMr. Niven-Mr. Vice Presi-
dent, Senator Kennedy said
last night that the admin
istrution should take reSpon-
stotlity for the loss OF Cuba,
Would you compare the valtd-
tty OF that statement Dith
the UGlidity OF your own
statements in precious cam
pdtgnS that the Truman dd-
ntinistrdtion tDGs responsible
for the loss of China to the
Communists.
Mr.. Nixon - First Of all,
don't agree with Senator Ken.
nedy that Cuba is lost, anc
certainly China was lost wher
this administration came into
power in 1858.
AS I look at Cuba today
believe that we are following
the right course. a course which
is difficult but a course which
under the circumstances is the
only proper one which viii see
that the Cuban people get a
chance to realize their aspira-
tions of progress through free
dom and that they get that
= with our cooperation with the
other states in the Organiza-
ton Of American States.
Now, Senator Kennedy has
Nlade some very strong criti-
cisms of my part or alleged
part. in what has happened in
Cuba. He points to the fact
that i visited Cuba while Mr..
Batista was in power there.
l. can only point out that if
We are going to judge the ad-
ministrationS in terms of our
attitude toward dictators we
are glad to have a comparison
with the previous administra-
ton. There were II dictators
in South America and in Cen
trail America when we came
in in 1858. Today there are
bnly three left, including the
one in Cuba. We think that is
pretty good progress.
Senator Kennedy also indi-
Gated with regard to Cuba that
he thought I had made a mis-
Eake when I was in Cuba in
not calling for free elections
atl that time.
Now. I am very surprised that
Senator Kennedy, who is on
the Foreign Relations Commit
tee, ssWould have made a state
ment of this kind
AS a matter of fact, in his
book. The Strategy for Peace.
he took the right position, and
that position is that the United
States has a treaty. a treaty
with all of the Organization Of
american States which prohib-
Its US from interfering in the
internal affairs of any other
state and prohibits them as
well. For me to have made such
q statement would have been
in, direct opposition to that
treaty.
Now, with regard to Cuba
let, me make one thing very
clear There isn't any question
but. that we will defend our
rights there.
There isn't any question but
that the freedom of Cuba. the
people who want to be free. are
going to be supported, and that
they will attain their freedom.
Now. Cuba is not lost. and I
don't think this kind of de-
featist talk by Senator Ken
nedy helps the situation one
bit. 10
Evening star., 1960-10-08
Kennedy Explains
;,t'Regrets' Statement

Mr.. Morgan-Sen1tor, last
MAY in Oreqon you discussed
the possibilities OF sending
dpolooieS or regrets to Khru-
.s1tcheu ouer the U-2 incident.
DO you think notD that that
tUould haze done any good,
did you think so then?
Senator Kennedy-Mr. Nor
gan, suggested that if tn
United States felt that it coul'
save the summit conference, j
weu1d have roon i'1rcrt"nt +"
Evening star., 1960-10-08

us to have expressed regrets.
In my judgment that state
ment has been distorted by Mr..
Nixon and others In their de-
bates around the country and
in their discussions.
Mr.. Lodge on Meet the Press
stated If there was ever a ques-
tion when we did not have law
on our side it was in the U-2
incident. The flights were
proper from the point of view
of projecting our security, but
they were not in accordance
with international law, and I
said that I felt that rather
than tell the lie which we told,
rather that indicate that the
flights would continue-in fact,
I belive Mr.. Nixon himeself
said on May Is that the flights
would continue. even though
Mr.. Herter testified before the
Senate Foreign Relations Com
mite that they had been can
celled as of May 12th-it would
have been far better if we had
expressed regrets if that would
have saved the summit, and if
the summit Is useful. and I be-
lieye it is.
The point that has been left
out is the fact that we ex-I
pressed regrets to Castro this
wiDter-that we expressed re-
gretS of the Eisenhower ad-
miniStration - expressed re-
gretS for a flight over southern
Russia in 1858. We expressed
regrets for a fight over East
ern Germany under this ad-
ministration. The Soviet I'm
ion in 1855 expressed regrets
to US over the Bering Sea in
cident. The Chinese Commu-
nists expressed regrets to us
over a plane incident in 1856.
That is the accepted pro-
cedure. between nations. In my
judgment we should follow the
advice Of Theodore Roosevelt
be strong. maintain a strong
position. but also speak softly.
I believe that in those cases
where international custom
calls for the expression of a re-
gret, if that would have kept
the summit going, in my
judgement it was a proper ac-
ton.
It is not appeasement, it is
not soft. I believe we should
be stronger than we now are.
I believe we should have a
stronger military force. I be-
lieve we should increase our
strength all over the world.
But l don't confuse words with
strength. and in my judgment.
if the summit was useful. if it
would have brought us closer
to peace, that rather than the
lie that we told, which has
been criticized by all respon-
sible people afterward. it would
have been far better for us to
have followed the common
diplomatic procedure of ex-
pressing regrets and then try
tn moVe 0n