davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The coastland times with which is combined the pilot and herald of Belhaven and Swan Quarter. [volume] (Manteo, N.C.) 1959-1973, 1960-10-14

ter-in-law, Mr.. and Mrs. H. L. Har-
vey, during the week end.
Tuthill Powell of Rocky Mount
and Mark Powell, Jr., of Raleigh
spent the week end with their par
ents, Mr.. and Mrs. Mark Powell,
ST..
Mr.. and Mrs. Earl F. Windley
of Greenville spent Sunday with
Mr.. Windley's mother, Mrs. S. F.
Windley.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harvey Creole of
Sladesville visited Mr.. and Mrs. D.
c. Creole on Sunday.
E. R. Johnston, Otis Johnston,
julie Purvis and C. B. Tillman spent
several days in New York and at
tended the World Series games
played there, returning home on
Tuesday.
Miss Mary Bullock of Norfolk
is recuperating from an eye OPP
Grafton at the home of her parents,
Mr.. and Mrs. w. o. Bullock.
Gene Purvis flew to New York
Friday afternoon and attended the
World Series games on Saturday
and Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. J. D. Midgette of
LAGRANGE, ILL.,, have returned home
after two weeks visit with Mr..
Midgette's sister and brother-in-
law, Mr.. and Mrs. Leon Smith.
Mrs. Sam Clark has returned
home after a visit with her daugh-
ter, Mrs. Guy Tutterow in Char
lotte.
DR.. and Mrs. w r. Ralph at
tended the Carolina-Notre Dame
football game at Chapel Hill on
Saturday.
Pete Griffin of Washington was
visitor here on Monday.
Amos Latta of Henderson spent
Saturday with Mr.. and Mrs. w. l..
Phelps.
Mr.. and Mrs. Lloyd West of
Hampton, Va, spent the week end
with Mrs. Vests mother, Mrs. N.
B. Mariner.
Mr.. and Mrs. J. H. Harrison and
Thorne Paul visited their brother,
Charlie Paul, in Greenville on Sun
day. Mr.. Paul has been critically
i'll for long time.
S. S. Jennette and Mrs. Charlie
Ayers of Scranton are the guests
of Mrs. T. D. Jones and Ted Jones.
Mrs. Thad Blonut and Mrs. r.
Y. Wilkinson were in Washington
on Monday.
The coastland times with which is combined the pilot and herald of Belhaven and Swan Quarter. [volume] (Manteo, N.C.) 1959-1973, 1960-10-14

D'Andrea Midget. Manteo High
Grade 9-President, John Eth
idge; Vice President, Claudia Long;
Secretary, Sandra Tillett; Report
err, Tim Gaylord; Song Leaders,
Mile Burrus and Alta Midget;
Program Chairman, Myrtle Joyce
Meekins and Lewis Midget, Jr.
ManteO Senior All Group Presi-
dent, Bruce Shepard; Vice Presi-
dent, Robert Greet; Secretary, Will
lime Partridge; Reporter, Nancy
Coles Basnight: Song Leader,
Phillip Tillett; Program Chairman,
Charles Evans. Kitty Hawk Elc-
mentary School Grades 5 and G.
President, Rodney Minton; Vice
President, Rodney Midget; Secre-
tary, Lynn Evans; Reporter, Jerry
Davis; Program Chairman, Betty
Jane Meekins, Jenny Sue Finn;
Song Leaders, Nancy Nettles and
Andy Scarborough. Grades 7 and s
President, Carol Ann Curlings;
Vice President, Eugene Curles;
Secretary, Grace Shannon; Report
er, Martha York; Program Chair
man, Marjorie Peterson and Mickey
DeFebio; Song Leaders, Barbara
Twiford and Leonard O'Neal.
Roanoke School President. Bessie
Austin; Vice President, Barbara
J. Burton; Secretary, Eileen V. Gre
CORY; Program Chairman, Pricilla
Burton, Aquilla Burton; Song
Leaders, Audrey Charity. Cape Hat
teras School-Grades 5 and g.
President, Mary Dawn Midget;
Vice President, Charles Williams;
Secretary, Kathleen Dillon; Re-
porter, Valerie Austin; Program
Chairmen, Royce Gaskins and
Karen DUDLEY; Song Leaders,
Diana Robinson and Janice Scar
borough. Grades 7 and S-Presi-
dent, Lawrence Woods; Vice Presi-
dent, Donnie Gray; Secretary, Ruby
Jennette; Reporter, Brenda Bea-
man; Program Chairman, John
Ochs and Audrey O'Neal; Song
Leaders, Patty O'Neal. Seniors
President, Shelia Gray; Vice Presi-
dent, 10 Anne Wingate; Secretary,
Dickie Austin; Reporter, Cornelia
Batten; Program Chairmen, Nan
Padgett and Jackie Drewry; Song
Leader, RoseZetta Crank.
The coastland times with which is combined the pilot and herald of Belhaven and Swan Quarter. [volume] (Manteo, N.C.) 1959-1973, 1960-10-14
Home Demonstration
Doings In Dare
By BEULAH GAYLORD, Agt.

Due to days lost because of
donna" the All Clubs did not
meet in September. During the
October meetings the girls and
boys are meeting together for cleo
ton of officers. The girls then met
and discussed projects. 1t was
pointed out that before a girl could
receive merit certificate she must
complete and turn in to the Home
Agent written report of her pro-
ject. The girls will need the CO.
operation of their parents if they
are to do good job. Many Won
derful opportunities such as trips
and conventions, as we'll as scholar
ships are available to the Alters
who really work on their projects.
Several sewing community groups
are being organized SO All girl
will be able to do part of her own
sewing and assist with the family
sewing. A number of girls are in
terested in foods, so plans are be-
ing made for workshops for them.
Since there is not kitchen con-
nected with the Home Agents Of
flee, we will need to hold our food
preparation sessions in the various
homes. Again let it be stressed that
cooperation is very essential if the
work is to go forward.
The All Clubs elected the fol-
lowing officers for the 1960-61
School year. Manteo Elementary:
Grade 5-President, Ann Reber;
Vice President, Susan Oneto, Sec
rotary, Theresa Daniels, Reporter,
Jimmy Midget; Program Chair
man, Don Leatherman and Lynn
Sheppard; Song Leaders, Ruby
Daniels and Myrlenn Scarborough.
Grade 6-President, Tia Provo;
Vice President, John Britt; Sec
rotary, Anne Midget; Reporter,
Gloria Parent; Progam Chairman,
Virginia Powell and Jack Kellogg;
Song Leaders, Ann Knight and
Linda Jordon. Grade president,
John Garrison; Vice President,
Martin Basnight Secretary, Cedric
Grgurich; Reporter, Vernon Bar
rington; Program Chairman, Valez
Smith and Susan Stallings; Song
Leaders, Betty Kellogg and Jen-
ME Hassell. Grade S-President,
Darrell Tolson; Vice President,
Charles Fearing; Secretary, II.
Warren; Reporter, RJbert jack
son; Program Chairman, Ira Sp.n
Ger, and Spencer Smith; Sen
Leaders, Kathy harrington ard
The coastland times with which is combined the pilot and herald of Belhaven and Swan Quarter. [volume] (Manteo, N.C.) 1959-1973, 1960-10-14

from the dining room table which
was laid with a hand made lace
cloth, tastefully decorated with fall
flowers and candles in crystal hold
ers.
Following the program, various
games and contests were enjoyed,
the door prize going to Mrs. Cal
win Beasley.
Refreshments Of cake, ice cream,
and coffee were served to the fol
lowing: Mrs. Ruby Best, Mrs.
Florine Hooper, Mrs. Sherman
Twiford, Mrs. Calvin Beasley, Mrs.
Harry Mann, Mrs. Marvin Mann,
Mrs. Pearl Daniels, Mrs. Wallace
Taylor, Mrs. T. o. Sutton and Mrs.
John Wheeler.
The coastland times with which is combined the pilot and herald of Belhaven and Swan Quarter. [volume] (Manteo, N.C.) 1959-1973, 1960-10-14
ribbons.

J IDUOilSs
The Ahoskie Junior Women won
the Dorothy H. Brown achieve
ment award as the outstanding
junior club. The Mary Fearing sill
yer pitcher was Won by the Eliza
beth City Woman's Club for add
ing the most members to its rolls
in the past ~ months.
Mary Margaret Holland of Ahos-
kie, junior division, and Wexford
Artz of Gatesville, senior division,
won youth art awards. Their work
will be entered in the statewide
competition scheduled next spring.
Yearbook awards were class
"B", Edenton, first, Elizabeth City
Juniors, second, Elizabeth City
Seniors, third; class "C", Ahoskie
Juniors, first, Severn, second, Sun
bury, third; and class "D", Cam
den Juniors, first, Camden Seniors,
second.
Scrapbook awards were Eliza
beth City Seniors, first in class
"B'; and Ahoskie Juniors first,
Edenton second, and Severn third
in Class "C".
Press book award went to the
Elizabeth City Junior club.
On Tuesday evening the Man
teo club hosted a reception in honor
of the state and district officers,
at the home of Mrs. Rennie Will
hanson in Manteo. Approximately
35 attended this affair.
The coastland times with which is combined the pilot and herald of Belhaven and Swan Quarter. [volume] (Manteo, N.C.) 1959-1973, 1960-10-14
BELHAVEN PERSONALS

Mrs. w. C. Swindell has return
4 home after visiting her daugh-
fr and son-in-law, Mr.. and Mrs.
ester Dunbar in Richmond, Va,
pr the past two weeks.
DR.. Clyde Potter of Memorial
[ospital, Chapel Hill, is spending
pmetime with his parents, Mr.. and
FRS. C. R. Potter.
Mrs. John Boyer and Mrs. J. w.
lloyd visited Miss Mary Bullock
= Beaufort County Hospital on
Wednesday night.
Mrs. M. L. Windley, Mrs. D. C.
'redle and Mrs. Cad Hayes at
ended the Beaufort Hyde sub-dis-
rict meeting of the Woman's So
fety of Christian Service of the
1ethodist Church at Providence
Methodist Church in Swan Quarter
"a Thursday.
Mrs. w. C. Creole, Sir, left
thursday for visit with Mr.. and
1rs. W. C. Creole, Jr., and family
n Charlotte.
John Harvey of Norfolk and Mr..
nd Mrs. Robert Brady of Zion
listed their brother and sister-in-
aw, Mr.. and Mrs. H. l.. Harvey
n Tuesday.
Mr.. and Mrs. H. G. Brumsey
pent the week end in Norfolk,
"a, and Barco, N. C.
Mrs. Sarah Latham was in New
Bern on Monday.
Mrs. Emily Elks and Mrs. lone
Taylor of Chocowinity visited here
n Wednesday.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. H. Dodd at
ended the Caravan funeral at
Fairfield on Monday.
Rev. Wilbur Ballenger, Mrs.
Matte Griffin and Mrs. S. F.
Vindley attended the one day con-
Fention of the Disciples of Christ
1t the First Christian Church in
Jacksonville on Wednesday.
r. A. Brady of Washington Wis
led his uncle and aunt, Mr.. and
Mrs. H. L. Harvey on Monday.
Miss Becky Lupton of Flora
Macdonald College, Red Springs
and Miss Mardge Eta Lupton of
East Carolina College, Greenville,
spent the week end with their
mother, Mrs. Melvin Lupton.
Mr.. and Mrs. R. H. Bishop were
n Washington on Tuesday.
Miss Lynn Rydensvard of Nor
ok is visiting her aunt and uncle,
Mr.. and Mrs. Heber Wilkinson.
Floyd Lupton has returned from
Atlanta, Ga, where he visited Mr..
Ind Mrs. Warren Lupton. Warren
has recently undergone major sur
gerry at an Atlanta Hospital and
IS recuperating at his home.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. H. Dodd spent
several days in Portsmouth, Va,
with Mr.. and Mrs. Billie Dodd,
Andy and Timothy.
Miss Emily Harvey and Bonner
Harvey of Greensboro and Mr.. and
Mrs. Ed T. Harvey of Danville,
Va, visited their brother and sis
The coastland times with which is combined the pilot and herald of Belhaven and Swan Quarter. [volume] (Manteo, N.C.) 1959-1973, 1960-10-14
BOY SCOUTS DO WELL
IN LIGHT BULB SALES

The sale of electric light bulbs
by Boy Scouts for their camping
fund last Saturday was success.
About 500 worth were sold. Thanks
are to the people in Manteo, Wan
cheese, and Mays Head who bought
them, to the Manteo Lions Club
for donating the light bulbs, and
to the boys when went from door
to door in the rain.
The coastland times with which is combined the pilot and herald of Belhaven and Swan Quarter. [volume] (Manteo, N.C.) 1959-1973, 1960-10-14
WOME EN-

Mrs. Jimmie Earnhardt several
years ago.
The club also won the Corbell
cup as senior club doing the out
standing work during the past
year, the attendance award for
having the largest number of mem
bers at the district meeting, and
the yearbook and scrapbook blue
Evening star., 1960-04-10
Program Listings

For late program changes
see --latest TV Information"
in the Sunday Amusement
Section and on the daily
TV page.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-02-21

DIAMOND RINGS, Wedding and
engagement to match, with 10
diamonds: like new: cost 1926, sac.
5000, 10. 5-476S.
Debating EQUIP, Edison, voice
writer and secretarial tranScribinE
instrument; purchased new early
81: used very little; purchased
price. $3.50 Call Elk. 3-3222
weekdays q to 3.
Debating SETS dlctaphones,
Gray Autographs, Soundscribers,
Edison VoiceWriters. Washington S
largest selection OF recond. and
guaranteed SETS NORTH's, 2l36
Penna. ave. n W, Pc. 1884.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-02-21
MON, 8 A.M.-6 PM.

Come in and Browse
Many More Bargains
Reliable PaWnbrokers
422 9th st. NV. Ma. $1,000
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-02-21

Friden's, Mar
chants and Remington prtg. Gales.
Check these prices for Washing
tons Birthday sale. LEE OFFICE
MACHINES CO. 1901 Old George
town I'd, Bethesda, Nd, OIL
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-02-21

HOME INSPECTION coNsULTANTs
Before you make this most i'm
portant and costly purchase. have
your qualified construction con-
SultantS inspect and evaluRte this
home for you at nominal costs
RE. 7-6O15 for information.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-02-21

DIAMONDS-Lady's "a ct. emerald
cut, S275. lady's 4 cts. maruuise
cut, 81 $50: ladyS 3 cts. pear
shape, S1,1a5; lady'S Ia cts
$3.50. LIVINGSTON & CO, 1929
H st NV, ME s-5o6S
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-02-21

washington's sale:
49, discount on new and OF
books in which the word Wash
ington" appears. Sun. and Mon
only, IL 30 am.-7:30 pm. CAPl-
Toll HILL BOOKSHOP. 1871 indie
pendence ave. Sc
thousands. BrowseTs vel
come. Were open 3 days a wk.
SatS.. Suns. Mons RIVERDALE
BOOK SHOP. 6lOi r. !. ave, Riv-
erdale, Nd. lat B&O crossingl.
BOXES. corrugated fberboard 500
slightly used. size IS" by @" by
g., 200 ID. test. Also, 1000
pointed surveyor stakes. sizes
ranging from Is" to 80" Mr.
Walker. COLUM BIA LIGHT
HOUSE FOR THE BLIND, 500 9TH
ST Ew, ST 3-7ao3
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-02-21
LOWEST
EVER
Never have you seen
such a large selection at
such low, low prices.
ANDIRONS
Many at Less Than Cost

Many at Less Than Cost
2 Pr. ANDIRoNs. solid brass,
90 column and ball. List S14,
sale 81 81
. Pr. ANDIRONS, solid brass,
90" urn top, plateau base. List
5S.5O sale 1897
. Pr. ANDIRoNs, solid brass.
~" exquisite column and bal.
List S14 sale 3S.g7
. Pr. ANDIRoNs. solid brass,
24", handsome fame in urn top.
List 81 95 &C., sale 1897
/ Pr. ANpIRoNs, cat motif
solid brass. List S46, sale % 81
3 Pr. ANDIRoNs, Swedish steel
or black with brass medallion
List 1913 sale is ~
. Pr. FRENCH ANDIRoNs, solid
brass, torch urn top. List AZ SO.
sale 1897
= Pr. ANDIRoNs. black and
brass. black horse head and
brass hoot List 1875,
. Pr. ANDIRONS, modern black
column, brass rings. List "a rs,
sale Sg7
MANY OTHER RARE AND
UNUSUAL BRASS ANDIRONs
4 Pr. HI-NAVY ANDIRONs,
black ship and anchor, 49,, cast
iron. List 10 95 sale S.97
g Pr. ANDIRONs, black cast
iron, ball or urn. List 1850,
sale 1a7
2 Pr. ANDIRONS, black with
brass urn tops and feet. List
$50 --------- sale 1897
. Pr. ANDIRoNs, ~" black
cast iron, obelisk design. List
] no -------- sale b.p7
THE ABOVE AND MANY OTHERS
AT ACME STOVE co.
To WHET YOI1R RARGAIN
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-02-21
HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES
END-OF-MONTH SALE
SPECIAL CUT-RATE PRICES

No reasonable offer will be refused-on all
REFRIGERATORs WASHERS, DRIERs AND
FREEZERS-in stock
We have all major brands, such as GE, FRIGID-
ARE, NORGE KELVINATOR, PHILCo. ETC.
WE WILL MEET OR BEAT ANY PRICE
FREE DELIVERY FREE SERVICE
STANDARD TIRE & BATTERY co.
10th and H Ii 3aOs2
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-02-21
BUSINESS SERVICES

ROOF REPAIRS as low as S.. Slate
repairs as low as SIS. Free esti-
mates any time. SP. 3-37SO.
Evening star., 1960-06-22

We've said it before, and we'll say it
again =. quality and selection are the
secrets to the satisfying choice Of
mons suit And the clothinn name thnt
Evening star., 1960-06-22

ti-racial universities to close
their doors to nonwhites, who
will attend tribal universities
under construction in rural
areas.
In the cities the Nationalists
have denied Africans the right
to own property and now are
attempting to extend tribal
authority onto the municipal
level.
Best NOn-white Housing
In the process of its at
tempted REPRESENTATION of
urban Africans. it should be
noted that the Nationalist gov
ernment has constructed the
best non-white public housing
prospects on the continent.
But despite the fact that
South Africa has made some
noteworthy material achieve
mentS for and with the Bantu,
Nationalist dogma is doomed to
failure if only because of it's
inability to see Cor to admit
that the urban African has no
roots in the reserves and no in
terest in the tribal system.
Ever since the 1886 gold rush,
Evening star., 1960-06-22

generations Of Africans have
grown up in the cities who
have no knowledge Of or in
terest in tribalism. Their goal
is and can only be the better
ment Of their economic, politi-
cal and social position within
the only frame of reference
they know: the cities.
Ignore Industrial Shift
The Nationalist government
is trying to ignore the basic fact
that South Africa, once an agri-
cultural nation. is now an in
duStrial one with the urban
African woven inextricably into
the fabric of the industrializa-
ton. 1t is attempting to apply
a l9tn Century solution to a
goth Century problem.
What the Afrikaner's politi-
cal theories forbid him to
admit is that the black popula-
tion is now composed of two
distinct groups with widely diff
fering accomplishments and
aspirations: the rural tribal
Evening star., 1960-06-22

report and is proceeding on the
assumption that urban Afri-
cans are Just sojourners in the
cities who will eventually re-
turn to their homes" in the
reserves.
Improvement Sought
AS a logical corollary. the
government has made some ef-
forts to improve conditions in
the reserves although the in
vestment has been paltry ($9
millionD in comparison to the
commissions recommendations.
At the same time, through
the implementation of the
Bantu Authorities Act (195D
it has bolStered the chiefs and
headsmen in the reserves by
delegating to them greater ex-
ecutive and judicial authority
to be exercised according to
Bantu law and custom"
In other words, it is seeking
to reconstitute tribalism at the
expense of democracy. To turn
the eyes of young Africans
away from the White world
and back upon their tribes, the
Bantu Education Act provides
a special syllabus. 1t has been
called education for helotry."
The government has also
forced South Africa's two null
Evening star., 1960-06-22

Bantu and urban, detribalized
African. Policies admirable
when applied to one group be-
come both tragic and ludicrous
when imposed upon the other.
Three hundred years after
Mr.. van Riebeeck. his bitter
almond hedge, even more of an
illusion today than it was then,
still plays a major role in the
South African mystique.
But today the Nationalists
are tinkering clumsily with an
ethnic time-bomb and the tick
ing is becoming more insistent.
Tomorrow: How white is white South
Africo3
Evening star., 1960-06-22

estimated it would take 245
years and the expenditure of
$500 million over a 10-year
period merely to stabilize (not
to reclaim) the soil of the re-
serves and to diversity their
economies to the point where
they would have some chance
Of being self-supporting.
Even if all this were done, the
commission has estimated that,
by the year 1000, 6 million At
ricans would still be living in
White areas. But the National l.
list government has rejected the
basic tenet of the commissions
Evening star., 1960-06-22
Van Crash Kills II

COLOMBO. Ceylon. June %
(AP).-Twelve pilgrims return
ing from the Catholic jungle
shrine of Our Lady of Madhu
in North Ceylon were burned
to death last night when their
van overturned and caught
fire. Seven others were criti-
cally burned.
Evening star., 1960-06-22

hedge, produced the Cape Col
ored community and. within a
century of the bitter almonds
bloSsoming, Afrikaners were
trekking deep into the interior
in search of a free life and
ample land.
BY the beginning of the 18th
century, these voortrekkers had
crossed the Great Fish River
and claShed with the south
ward-moving Bantu tribes.
The nine Kaffir Wars fol-
lowed and it became patiently
Evening star., 1960-06-22
BLUEPRINT FOR DISASTER
Cape Town Aportheid
Failed in COLONEL Era
BY SMITH HEMPSTONE
Contributing Writer

JOHANNESBURG South Africa.-The l7th century father
Of white South Africa. Jan Riebeeck made frutless
attempt to segregate Cape Towns white burghers their
Hoenot and Bushmen neghbor by planting
hedge around the struggling colony
But (or women of purpose found gaps the
Evening star., 1960-06-22
"sAMtO
Dealer of
the Years

believe that O business
mons highest oword comes
when he is singled out for
special honors by his ossoci-
otes. Thot is why Cronson
RombIer is proud to receive
the National Brond Name
Foundations Auto OeoIer OF
the Yeor" Aword for 1860.
We're grateful for this honor,
but even more orotefuI TO the
thousands of satisfied CUSTOM
ers who have reworded US by
buying their RombIers from
Cronson RombIer, 4932 Be-
thesdo Avenue, Bethesda,
Maryland. Al Crauson, President
Evening star., 1960-06-22


be peace on the frontier. zones
Of black and white influence
had to be established. The
system of native reserves which
has been transformed by DR..
Verwoerd's magic wand into
the theory of apartheid ("Sep-
arateness") was born.
The reserve system as a Solu-
tion to South Africa'S racial
problem became an Illusion
when diamonds we're discovered
at Kimberley in 1870. Sixteen
years later, gold was found on
the Rand and the illusion be-
came a farce. Ever since then
the real problem has been not
to keep the African on the
reserve but to lure him into
overalls and use his labor to
exploit the Unions vast mineral
wealth.
Paradoxically, legisla ton
since the Act Of Union (1910) |
has been aimed at strengthen
ing the reserve system at the
same time that a developing |
economy has been destroying it.
The present Nationalist gov
ernment yields to none in its
enthusias INTO maintain the
bitter almond hedge illusion.
Native Area Set Aside
Today, $4,000 square miles
are designated as native re-
serves, land set aside for the
exclusive use of the Bantu.
Here, according to Nationalist
theory, Africans may aspire to
any level Of economic or polit-
ical development of which they
are capable. Outside these re-
serves they have no rights
whatsoever.
This is not an overly gen.
erous division: l3 per cent Of
the Unions area for 10 per
cent Of its total population.
And none Of South Africa'S
important mineral products
gold, diamonds, uranium, coal
and copper-are found in eco
nomic quantities within the
eServes. The hydroelectric
potential is low and transporta-
ton facilities are minimal.
Although the reserves get as
much or more rainfall as white
owned lands. they are heavily
overstocked with animals and
with human beings. The agri-
cultural picture is marked by
soil erosion. poor farming
methods and low yields.
The result has been hunger,
low standards Of living and a
mass movement Of Africans
from the reserves into white
areas.
3.5 Million in Reserves
At present the population of
the reserves is estimated to be
3.5 million. Roughly the same
number Of Africans live and /
work on white farms and an
other 8 million are more or
less permanently settled in
urban areas. |
Africans now supply 80 per
cent of the labor in the mines,
80 per cent in the construction |
trade. SO per cent in manufac-
turing and 48 per cent in trans
port. The chief source of in
come for the reserves has be-
come the export of black labor
to white areas.
Despite their reduced popu-
lation. the reserves are not
self-supporting. South African
historian Leo Marquard, who
has called the reserves a "vaSt |
rural slum," estimates that |
practically all able bodied |
African males are employed
outside the reserves at some
time in their lives and that 40 |
per cent of the men between
the ages of IS and GA are absent
at any given time.
Remedy Costly
The TomlinSon Commission,
establish by the South African
government to investigate the
prospects for racial segregation
and Bantu development, has
Evening star., 1960-06-22

This is the fourth Of nine articles on
the sources Of the roeiol conflict in
South Africo.