davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-10-17
VISTAS IN SCIENCE.
u. S. Prestige Rests on Research
BY THOMAS r. HENRY

plishments were so unex-
pected.
"The United States" they
concluded, has occupied
somewhat the position Of an
oddS-on favorite in q horse
race. AS the greatest indus
trial nation in the world, with
the solid reputation Of some
70 years Of chronological at
tainment behind it, the
United States was expected
to do no less than run at
the front after q fast start
at the post.
= Russia iJOIted U.s.
"The Soviet Union was in
the more pleasant position
Of being expected only to
place. Yet by the end of
the decade, the SovietS had
run up a startling record
the first satellite In orbit,
the first impact on the moon,
the first photographs of the
far side Of the moon.
These triumphS have had
a tremendous impact. Several
American authorities have
claimed that the USSR has
gained firmer and wider rec
ignition as q first-rate tech
biological power from such
ventures in this short period
than from all their previous
attainmentS in industrializa-
ton and in military hard
ware. If this evaluation
should be accurate, then
their relatively modest in
veStment in space exploration
is one Of the best deals the
SovietS have ever made"
There is some reason to
think, the symposium agreed,
that some Of the Russian &C
complishments are more spec
tacular than Of solid value.
Such, for example, may have
been some of their moon
shots. More solid accom-
plishments from the United
States space programs may
pay of in more substantial
gains toward putting a man
in space and other advanced
requirements"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-10-17
Second Of q Series

Of the United States Air
Force. located at Maxwell
Field. Alabama.
Triumphs Of Russia to
date, they say In a report
just published in the uni
versity's official journal, cal
ready have had a tremendous
impact on world opinion, /"
even II they may have been
somewhat exaggerated in
popular reports.
At present the United
States and the Soviet Union
have about struck a balance,
the Air Force officers con-
clude. in such a significant
and sensational field as space
research.
I'm numbers Of successful
satellites and probes" says
their report, ."the United
States is well ahead with 10
against six for the Soviets.
In total weight Of an orbit
ing vehicle the two are about
even, the heaviest United
States satellite Weighing g.
$50 pounds against about
four tons for the Russians.
But in actual instrument
payload the United States
lags far behind, with 245
pounds against the Soviet
1929 pounds.
U. S. Lays In Thrust
I'm the most limiting fac
tors to enlarged space ex-
ploration, propulsive thrust
in rocket boosters, the United
States seems to be well be-
hind. But the Saturn prof.
ect now under development
is expected to bring us into
the same million pound
thrust range that is expected
for the Soviet in the near
future. Guidance systems
seem to be about equal in
accuracy, the moon shots of
the USSR having conclusive
ly demonstrated Soviet Ca
pability in this field.
1.-The United States probes
have given high informa-
ton return per pound of in
struments. We have pub
lished more and fuller in
formation more promptly.
There is a general feeling
among Western scientists
that the information released
by the Soviet government
has been fragmentary. In
general, the larger number
of United States satellites
and the variation in their
heights and orbits would
seem to have charted a more
complete pattern of the first
1000 miles of the space en-
velope around the earth-the
most complex and trouble
some layer Of space and the
one Of most immediate i'm
portance.
There are those who argue
that the decade of the l95Os
has already elevated tech
nology to the position of an
equal partner with the ira
ditional elements of national
power - the political, mill
tary, economic and psyche
logical. Certainly its effects
have penetrated all four of
the other elements"
At least part of the pres
tige won by the Russians, the
air officers agreed, is due to
the fact that their accom-.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-10-17

Pen names may be used II
letters carry iDriters' correct
names and addresses. All let
tiers are subject to condensG-
ton. Those not used iCtu be
returned only aDhen accom-
panied BY self addressed.
stamped envelopes.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-10-17

Future world prestige of
the United States lies largely
in scientific research, quite
aside from its probable de-
cisive role in the balance Of
actual military power.
This Is the consensus Of
the star Of the official jour-
nal Of the Air University,
highest academic institution
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-10-17
Answers to Questions

A reader can get an answer, By
mail. to any question Of fact By
writing The Star Information Bu-
reau, 636 street NV, Washington
4. D. c. Please inclose return post
age or self-addressed, stamped
Arizona tribune., 1960-10-01
SUPPL LEMENT TO:

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NEW SUBSCRIBERS
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The Detroit tribune., 1960-08-13
Bike Fatalities
Increase In State

Bicycle fatalities in Michigan
this year are running 63 percent
above those in 1859 and accidents
involving bicycles have increased
from 882 to 902.
Persons injured in bicycle ac-
cidcnts increased from 159 to
1863 in rural areas, but decreased
from 564 TO SCI in urban areas.
Michigan State Safety Com
mission Chairman James NJ. Hare
points out that Michigan State
Police records show that deaths
from bicycle-car collisions do not
vary much from TO year. but that
total accidents involving bicycles
do increase.
During vacation months there
are more youngsters riding more
miles on roads carrying more
cars than other months" Hare
said This means that the ac-
cidCnt-exposure possibilities are
increased. Motorists should take
extra care when they see young
sters on bicycles and help keep
the accident and fatality rate
from rising this year,"
The Detroit tribune., 1960-08-13

Circuit Judge w. May Walker
of the Leon County Court in
Tallahassee who had previously
ordered the two men to cooper
ate with the committee is pro
vided with transcript of the
July 27, committee hearings.
Judge Walker has wide dis
cretion in imposing penalties and
can order the men imprisoned
or fined on the charge of con-
tempt of previous court order
TO testify. Attorneys for the
two defendants expect that he
will rule swiftly but state that
there are no precedents in Flor
ida law to guide in determina-
ton of the sentence. The two
men have had the support of
counsel furnished by the NAACP
and the American Civil Liber-
ties Union.
Rev. Graham stated following
the hearing that his refusal to
testify was based on a ''respon-
sibility to posterity" and that
he had been supported in his
convictions by the courage Of
Tallahassee youth who had gone
to Jail for asserting their rights
during lunch counter sit ins.
Rev. Graham stated:
The Detroit tribune., 1960-08-13
Dr.. King To
Teach At
CORE Institute

NEW YORK CITY - Martin
Luther King Jr. has joined the
facdlty of CORES Intcrracial
Action Institute in Miami. Flori-
da. The Institute is designed to
train leaders in nonviolent. direct
action methods in the fields of
restaurant discrimination. en-
ployment. theatres, voter registra-
tion, and beaches.
DR. King will be at the Action
Institute on August 81 and Sep
tember |. lie will discuss with
the participants broader implica-
tions of the nonviolent method.
Faculty for the three-week In
siifufe includes CORE executive
Secretary James r. Robinson:
Gordon Carey. James 7. Mccain.
Robert Boyd. and Marvin Robin
son. from the CORE field staff.
Richard Haley. recently dismiss
cd music instructor from Florida
A&M will also be on the staff.
From the first day of the lnsti-
tutc participants will be involved
in action project in the Miami
community. The schedule is de-
signed so that each day there
will be some action and then an
evaluation Of strengths and weak
nesses.
The Detroit tribune., 1960-08-13
Mourns Passing
Of Philip PerIman

NEW YORK - The NAACP
this week mourned the loss of a
man who contributed significantly
to the drafting of the liberal
plank adopted recently in Los
Angeles.
He was Philip b. Perlman, CO
chairman of the Democratic Ma
tional Conventions resolutions
committee. N A A CP Executive
Secretary Roy wilkins termed
the plank which Mr.. Perlman
helped write, "the most liberal
civil rights section in the his
tory of his party"
Mr. wilkins also cited in his
telegram to the former u. S.
solicitor generals family Mr.
Perlman's learned pleading be-
fore the nation'c highest court
in civil rights cases.
The nation has suffered a
great loss, Secretary wilkins
concluded.
The Detroit tribune., 1960-08-13
Miami Lunch
Counters Serve
'6C0RE Members

MIAMI, FIT, - Three teams
of two CORE members were SER
we'd at the Miami lunch counters
of The +. w. Woolworth, w. I.
Grant, and S. II. Kress stores to-
day.
Miami was first city in Florida
to integrate its lunch counters
since the wave of sit-ins began
on February /. Lunch counters
have been opened in 30 communi-
ties of eight since then.
AID. Moore. chairman of Miami
CORE. summarized THE bacon
and eggs - excellent, the SER
vice - Good, the customer rcac-
ton - negligible. CORE staged
the first sit-in at these stores in
April. 1859. We thought then
that Miami was ready for a de-
mocratic serving policy. We have
been proven correct"
AIr. Moore was accompanied on
his test of the Grant store by
Blanche Galloway. DR.. John o..
Brown. CORE project director,
tested the Woolworth store and
DR.. Simpson tested Kress.
This opening is but a first
step in our quest for dignity.
otrer stores in the community
and Bvrdine's--esn
and should open. We in CORE
will help them TO make fhis
change in every way we can"
pledged Mr.. Moore.
CORE began sit-ins at the stores
in April. 1859. Negotiations be.
fore. during, and after the sit-ins
had involved representatives OF
the Chamber of Commerce, the
Mayors Committee, Ministerial
groups and others.
National CORE has scheduled
an Interracial Action Institute IN
Miami from August IA to Sep
,e,nber S. On the agenda of the
institute is restaurant discrlmi'
nation. as well as employment,
theatres, beaches and voters re-
gislration.
The Detroit tribune., 1960-08-13

nation.
CORE chairman. Richard d.
Mann. states that prior to this
weekend Negroes seeking to buy
ZONES al the project were ignored
By statesmen and were unable TO
receive an application Continuing
Mr. Mann said: AN application
extended to prospective Negro
buyer IS the first stage toward
compliance with the 1859 Mass
achusettS law against diScrimi-
nation in housing. We will. there
fore, continue our negotiations
10 insure that Negroes desiring
homes receive the full courte-
sizes extended white customers at
every stage in the transaction.
The Detroit tribune., 1960-08-13
North Boston Project
Accepts Negro application

BOSTON, MASS Picketing
of Woodvale, a discriminatory
housing development north Of
Boston. was temporarily discon-
tlnued when a prospective Negro
home buyer received a bona fide
application and was shown avail
.ablc homes by a salesman. The
previous week. Negro CORE mem
bers received bogus applications.
The picketcrs. members Of the
Congress of Racial Equality
CORE, began protest demon
strationS four weeks ago after a
formal charge of discrimination
in the housing development was
brought before the Massachusetts
Commission Against Discrimi-
The Detroit tribune., 1960-08-13
THE WORLD TODAY
castro ILLNESS STARTS RUM0RS"

Free Press Wire Service 7-3C
GOD VIA HIS DETROIT TRIBUNE:
"ERRoR. URGED TO ITS FINAL LIMITS IS SELF
DESTROYED" tS&H. p. 476) - REDUCTION TO AB-
SuRDITY - THE MYTHICAL, "ChASTLY
FARCE OF Iso-eaIedl MATERIAL EXISTENCE!
p. 272. S&H.
FEAR. IGNORANCE. OR SIM" ALL DISEASE Is
A PRODUCT OF EDUCATION Gbid) - INDIFFERENT,
cONTEMPTUOUS OR HOSTILE TO CHRIST JESUS
90 YEARS RETURN - FoREvERMoRE - IN MY,
GODS, ONE. sATAN-FREE, SANE CHURCH,
See CASTRO, Page
The Detroit tribune., 1960-08-13
Two Miami NAACp
Leaders Face Sentences

I'VE are certain that the
investigating committee did
not keep faith. II said it
was going to investigate the
ku Klux Klan faith and the
White Citizens Councils and
all who were stirring up race
hate. II is obvious, however,
that the committees prime
motive has been to harrass
Negro leadership. The state
has not convinced me that its
right is more compelling than
the rights given me as an in
dividual in the Bill Of Rights
of the United States Con
stitution.
Those OF us In leadership
at this time have a RESPONSE
blllty to posterity to guaran-
tee to establishment of rights
TO all individuals alike. We
must do this now so that
those who come after us will
have the opportunity TO take
their rightful places in the
malnstream OF American life. "
In a previous appearance be.
fore Judge Walker, on May 80
Rev. Gibson stated his reasons
Tor refusing to permit any check
of the NAACP membership lists.
II ii became known that Negro
minister who had been active in
integration efforts was mem
ber of the NAACP, Rev. Gibson
said, his life would not be
worth a plugged nickel
Robert W.. Saunders, NAAcP
field secretary stated in a letter
10 the Tampa. Fla. Tribune I'll
I2-59) that THE revealing oi
names of NAAcP members SO
often results in hardships, in.
fimidafions and reprisaIs against
innocent persons"
A third Florida Negro mini
Ster, The Rev. A. Leon Lowry
Of Tampa, dean of the Florida
West Coast Baptist Association
and the president of the Flo
rida State NAACP has also
refused TO give the committee
the state membership lists. but
ic not involvd in the current
action He refused TO appear be
fore the committee last Novem-
her on the day following his
scheduled appearance after he
had waited a full day in the
hearing room and the committee
ended its deliberations early.
The committee has asked the
Florida State Legislature to cite
him for contempt.
The Detroit tribune., 1960-08-13
Famed Lawyer
Passed In Ark.

NEW YORK - Joseph Robert
Booker, pioneer civil rights at
torney, was mourned this week
by the NAACP He died in
Little Rock, Ark, on July 81,
at the age of GO.
NAACP Executive Secretary
Roy Wilkins said mis- courage
Gus and tenacuios role as coun-
sci in the Elaine riot case of
1919 established the constitution
81 principal that every defendant
Is entitled to fair trial free
OF mob domination.
Secretary wilkins referred TO
one of the most famed Of NAACP
cases.
II started when five white per-
sons and between 25 to so Ne
troes were killed in rural Phil
lips County. Ark, near Elaine.
Federal troops were called in
TO suppress what was broadcast
as massacre" of white. Close
to 1000 Negroes, mostly farmers
we're rounded up. Nearly 200
we're held. OF these, 90 were
indicted and tried.
Twelve were condemned TO
death. 81 were given one TO 25
years in prison. The case lasted
six years until all defendants
we're cleared.
Mr. Booker, then young at
torney assisted the late Scipio
A. Jones. the famed chief coun-
sci in that historic case.
Recently, Mr.. Booker partici-
rated in fighting the Arkansas
law requiring teachers to list
the organizations TO which they
belong, an act aimed at curbing
the NAACP in that state.
The Detroit tribune., 1960-08-13
NACWc To Lobby

NEW YORK, NY. - The Ma
tional Association of Colorcd
Women's Clubs voted TO regis
ter in Washington as a lobby
group in order to press for the
enactment of further civil con
cluded its weck-long 32nd bien.
nial convention at the Park
Sheraton Hotel.
The groups immediate OBJ
iective will be TO obtain new
legislation and encourage en-
forcement of current laws in
four areas. They arc educa-
ton, housing, employment and
voting.
The Detroit tribune., 1960-08-13
BUSINESS LOCALLY
"FRUEHAUF GAINS BY ECoNOMIzINC"

Det. Times 81
Frvehavf Trailer Co. reports net profit for the half
ended June 80 at $6975.473 $l0I share against s6
o4s ss2 or 30 cents share during the corresponding peri.
cd last year.
Net sales moved up only slightly TO sl2so3l s74 from
sl24.2e9,073.
THESE STATEMENTS REFLECT FULLY THE RE-
SUITS OF THE MANY ECONOMIES INSTALLED OVER
THE PAST ls MONTHS" SAID CHAIRMAN ROY FRuE.
HAUF AND WE. GRACE. PRES. AND CHIEF ExEcu-
TIVE OFFICER. -
The Detroit tribune., 1960-08-13
Diggs 10 bMoNe Up
On African Committee

The defeat in the Missouri
Primary Election of us. Repre-.
sentative A. S. j. Carnahan has
put Michigan ngres m a n
Charles c. Diggs, Jr. in line to as
sumo the vice presidency of the
House Foreign Affairs Sub-Com-
mittee on African Affairs.
Diggs held the number three
spot on the committee behind
its chairman. Congressman Bar
raft Hara Of Illinois, and carna-
han.
The expected retirement Of
O'lIara, who is in his seventies.
makes it probable that Diggs will
The Detroit tribune., 1960-08-13

move into the Craftsmanship in
the near future.
A Negro. Diggs has made Sc
veral valuable contributions TO the
committees accomplishments. He
has made three trips TO Africa
and is scheduled TO visit the
Belgian Congo.
Diggs viewed his pending pro
motion as providing Michigan
with an influential voice in guid-
ing Africas economic and de-
mocratic development. I.
The Detroit tribune., 1960-08-13

The Rev Theodore r. Gibson
rector of Christ Episcopal Church
Miami, and president of the
Miami branch of the NAACP
and The Rev. Edward T. Graham.
pastor of the Mt. Zion Baptist
Church, Miami, past president
OF the Miami MA ACP, have
fought efforts of the state com.
mittee since 1857 to obtain ac.
cess of the NAACP lists for the
alledged purpose of investigat-
ing Communists in the NAACP.
Both men appeared before
Cliff Herrell, chairman of the
state committee at a special
hearing in the state capitol July
n, and again refused cooper
ate. Their refusal eliminated a
three year series of hearings and
court actions during which the
committees right to check mem
bcrShip lists has not been upheld
by the Florida Supreme Court
and the United States Supreme
Court which refused TO review
contempt citations voted by the
refusals of the two ministers to
cooperate.
a Responsibility TO
Posterity"
II is expected that the next
The Detroit tribune., 1960-08-13

Approval of the motion render
ed the measure dead for this
session. al least as a separate
measure. However. the proposals
Still could be Offered as amend
ments TO other legislation
Both Democratic presidential
nominee John 3. Kennedy Mass J
and Lyndon B. Johnson (Texas),
his running mate voted TO table.
Republican Senators John j.
Williams (Del) and Milton r.
Young (ND) voted with the Dem
ocratic majority Democrats vot-
ing against tabling were Senators
Paul II. Douglas Gll), Philip Hart
(Mich), Wayne Morse (Ore.) and
Patrick Mcnamara Mich)
Senator Everett M. Dirksen
(R. ilI.) presented the rights
measure after conferring al the
President, Vice President Richard
M. Nixon and other party leaders.
~ THINK | can recognize the
hand of politics on the floor of
the Senate" Senator Joseph S.
Clark, Jr. 3D., Pa). told Dirkscn
He said he had long supported
civil rights legislation and would
continue to do so But now is not
the time, he said.
Let's stop politicking on SUBJ
leefs not germane 10 the business
we we're called back TO do" he
said. We've supposed 10 be de.
batting the Antarctic treaty TO-
day."
At this point. Senator John NJ
Butter, Or, Md. came charging
across the floor to challenge
Clark.
DO | understand he said.
that you are coming back to
play the kind of politics you want
to play but not the kind of poll
tics we want to play?"
That's some question" Clark
shot back.
HOPE politics is not used
to kill a civil rights bill" said
Senator Jacob X Javits (R., N.Y.,
a strong civil rights man.
We came back here TO finish
unfinished business and civil
rights is unfinished business.
The Detroit tribune., 1960-08-13

Jsviis is one guarantee that the
noise on civil rights was not
ended by Tuesdays vote. Javits
is expected 10 introduce a bill on
the subject Wednesday.
The Detroit tribune., 1960-08-13

TALLAHASSEE Fla. - Two Negro minister's leaders
OF the Miami chapter of the National Association for the
Advancement OF Coored People, face possible mprlson-
ment this week for their final refusal July 27 to pro-
wac NAACP membership list or answer before the Florida
state Legislative Investigating Committee
The Detroit tribune., 1960-08-13
GODS DETROIT TRIBUNE PRESENTS FOR PRAYERFUL
CONSIDERATION:
"lf KENNEDY Wins. -.
THE FORCES BEHIND THE KENNEDY STEVENSON
F.DR., JR. AXIS AND ITS DRIVE ON THE
WHITE HOUSE"
WHITE HOUSE"
Price: Eifth cenis lbookIetl

For additional copies write TO: NEWS FOR ACTION
Box 1873, PleassnivilIe, NY.
On June a. 1860 the NJ Y. JovrnaIAmeriean announced
in rontpsse story that Mayor Wagner OF New YORK cry
had announced his support Of Kennedy Wasners stare
meni issued the press top Democrats 'neoons
Jacob Arvey met in session in New YORK. me re-
suits Of which could cIineh fhe Presidential nomnao"
tor Senator Kennedy"
See KENNEDY. Page
The Detroit tribune., 1960-08-13

TRAGEDY MARS FISHING 0uTINc
FOR THREE"
LOCAL MAN BROWNS AS BOAT HITS LOG"
LOWELL Donald Chivs IS. The Grand Rapids Times 7.so
GOD VIA HIS DETROIT TRIBUNE:
BY ANDREW r. FRUEHAUF, c.s.-+44
THE SCRIPTURE DECLARES: I'm ouIErNEss
AND CONFIDENCE SHALL BE THY STRENGTH
WISDOM AND UNDERSTANDING Old T
THE FLESH PROFITETH NOTHING IT &c TIE eo,p
1T THAT QulckENETH THE WORDS THAT | SPEAK
UNTO YOU. THEY ARE SPIRIT AND THEY ARE LIFE /"
Jesus in John 663.
See DROWNING. Page
The Detroit tribune., 1960-08-13

Hart, MeMamara
Vote With COP

Ia- licIl Call yc1C-.sl Of TINS campaen-season ses
slon-was 5428 Voting to table-or sderack-the bill
were % Democrats and two Republicans Supporting the
The Detroit tribune., 1960-08-13

SEE BACK PAGE FOR REVELATIONS OF ETERNAL
PERFECTION OF GODS CREATION YOUR TRUE
BEING +! : AND EXPOSURE OF THE MYTHS :
DEVIL. HELL. SIN. BIRTHS. DISEASE. DtAlh'
WARS. MATTER f! ADAM-EvE. MURDEROUS
CAIN. JUDAS = "CHASTlY FARCE" : FOOlINO
SAUlS OF TARSUS, 90 YEARS Plus RIP VAN
WNKLE. NOM CHRIST SCIENTIST QER0I!
IAYMEN, LEADERS. MASSES!
The Detroit tribune., 1960-08-13
ELECT PAUL D. BACviELL GOVERNOR
BAcWELL BOOSTER CLUB No. I

BACWELL BOOSTER Club No. !
273o3 WEST EIGHT MILE ROAD DETROIT 40. MICHIGAN
KENWOOD 5-6333
Dear Boosters
We appreciate very much your encouragement and vel
you into the Club The campaign is getting off to a
very good start we'll ahead of the last minute campaigns
have had too often in fhe past.
You would have been thrilled we in Lansing when
than 1000 yelling, screaming, enthusiastic people
raised more than enough for Pavs family and personal
expenses for the campaign period.
And at general headquarters opening July TO- more
inan 1000 people sresme through refreshment eoun
fes consuming than so cakes baked by admirers rs
gallons of coffee and barrels OF soft drinks.
Bands and entertainment were volunteered as was the
work of fifty committee members Actually we turned VOL
unieers away.
See BAGWELL, Page
The Detroit tribune., 1960-08-13
Responsibility
Posterity"

II is expected that the next
step in the case will come when