davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-09-18

ton of the slanderous accusations
against the church and American
Catholics renders almost impoS-
sible much more than a denial and
a challenge to the author, or
authors, of this document. The
space limit prohibits a full dis
cussion of the many glib, unsup-
ported and unsupportable charges
with which I am confronted. The
burden of proof is of course on the
plaintiff. the bringer of the ac-
cuSationS. If DR.. Peale investigated
his subject before preparing his
public statement he knows as we'll
as I do that his charges are false.
1t is only charitable to assume
that this massive bearing of false
witness against his Catholic neigh
bors is the expression Of deep
ignorance rather than of informed
and deliberate lying. There are
no other possibilities. The issue
was not aroused" by the Kennedy
candidacy. but by the insulting,
ignorant COR dishonesty questions.
insinuations, and misrepresenta-
tions of the spokesmen for Prot
estants and Other Americans
United for Separation of Church
and State-POAU.
I doubt the sincerity Of DR..
Peale's statement that he believes
that Catholics "can be just as hon.
est, patriotic and public spirited
as those of any other faith" 1t
seems impossible that a rational
and literate man can believe this
and at the same time believe that
the American Catholic, enjoying
and taking part In our Qargely)
Evening star., 1960-09-18

but we can only measure the new
against the old.
BY recommendation, persuasion
and veto power. the President can
and must shape the course Of leg
iSlation in this country. Is it rea-
sonable to assume that Roman
Catholic President would be able
to Withstand altogether the deter
mined efforts of the hierarchy of
his church to gain further funds
and favors for its schools and in
stitutions, and otherwise breach
the wall Of separation Of church
and state2
Under the canon law of the
Roman Catholic Church, a Presi-
dent Of this faith would not be
allowed to participate in inter-
faith meetings; he could not wor-
ship in a Protestant church with
out securing the permission of an
eccleSiastic. Would not a Roman
Catholic President thus be gravely
handicapped in offering to the
American people and to the world
an example of the religious liberty
our people cherish?
Brotherhood in a pluralistic So.
ciety like ours depends on a firm
wall of separation between church
and state. We feel that the Amer
lean hierarchy of the Roman
Catholic Church can only increase
religious tensions and POLITICAL
religious problems by attempting
to break down this wall. Much de-
pends upon strong support for
this we'll tested wall Of separation
by Americans of all faiths.
Finally, that there is a "reli-
giouS issue" in the present polit-
ical campaign is not the fault Of
any candidate. 1t is created by the
nature Of the Roman Catholic
Church which is. in q very real
sense, both a church and also
temporal state.
Evening star., 1960-09-18

free and democratic society, ac-
ceptS and obeys a church that
teaches him that he is duty
bound to admit (Submit?) to its
direction, to its control over
its members in political and civic
affairs" I have never known of
a Catholic who either believed or
taught this. Neither has DR.. Peale.
Even if he refuses to read, or
to believe, anything in a Catholic
publication, one would suppose
that he could find among Amer
ica's millions one informed Catho-
lie of personal integrity, whom he
could trust to tell him the truth,
and who would help him to learn
something about fundamental
Catholic doctrine. Just plain and
happy ignorance is an invalid ex-
cuse for a man who might be
supposed to have even a profess
sional interest in the doctrines of
the oldest and largest body of
Christians in America and in the
world. To such a man living in
the midst of Catholic neighbors
and good libraries, this seems
like a cherished and protected
ignorance.
MisIed by Document?
Possibly he was misled by the
"bewildering document" (the
phrase used by the Catholic re-
view, America which appeared in
L'OSservatore Romano, and which
was widely discussed in the Catho-
lie press. DR.. Peale could have
learned that to informed Catho-
lies. the composite opinion seems
to have been that, while it was
obviously badly written or badly
translated, this item was trying to
say that the Catholic religious and
moral code applies to all of life.
not to selected aspects of it. This
seems sound Protestant and Jewish
teaching. as we'll as Catholic.
DR.. Peale's direct charges
Evening star., 1960-09-18
About This
Debate

A group called the National
Conference Of Citizens for Re-
ligiOus Freedom met here Sep
tember Z to discuss the religious
issue in the presidential race.
The group issued a state
ment expressing fear that a RO-
man Catholic as President might
be under pressure from the
church's hierarchy to align
United States foreign policy
with Vatican goals.
The Star is publishing on
this page the text Of the groups
statement along with q rebut-
tai by DIR. James M. O'Neill, an
outstanding Catholic writer.
Evening star., 1960-09-18
HOW 1T OPERATES
Riqht to Work: Virginia Version

contravenes the Federal and
State constitutions.
Mr.. Finney was upheld in his
right to refuse to join under the
States right-to-work law.
About the same time, the United
States Supreme Court upheld
a North Carolina statue which
was almost identical with the
Virginia law. Mr.. Stallard said.
Right-to-work laws have been
enacted by 20 States, eight Of
which amended their constitu-
tions by popular vote. The eight
States are Arizona, Arkansas.
Florida, Kansas, Mississippi. Ne
braska, North Dakota and South
Dakota.
The other IL States. including
Virginia. to adopt the law by leg
iSlative action are Alabama,
Georgia. Indiana, Iowa, Nevada,
North Carolina, South Carolina,
Tennessee. Texas, Utah and
Louisiana.
Tuck's Labor Trouble
Virginia's was enacted in 1947
during the administration of Gov.
(now Representative William M.
Tuck. described by Senator Byrd
as "one of Virginia'S greatest liv-
ing citizens"
Gov. Tuck was inaugurated in
January, 1946. when the Nation,
as well as his own State, were
beSet with labor troubles. The
auto and steel industries were in
trouble and President Truman
threatened to have the Army take
over the railroads.
One of Gov. Tuck's first acts
was to have the General Assembly
enact a law authorizing the State
to take over the Hampton Roads
Ferry System, where service was
interrupted by strike.
Hardly had the Legislature ad-
journed when employees of the
Virginia Electric & Power Co.,
which serves two-thirds of the
State, threatened to walk out.
Gov. Tuck obtained an opinion
from his attorney general declar-
ing he had inherent powers as
chief executive to draft VEPCO
workers into the unorganized
State militia and order them to
work.
Ferry Operation Restored
About the same time, labor was
conducting a drive to unionize
municipal employees Of the city
of Richmond.
1t was partly to deal with labor
Evening star., 1960-09-18
Moy Be Peace Proposals

Now he has demanded a posi-
tion front, center on a brilliantly
lighted stage. Most observers ex-
pect him to use 1t to propell his
present offensive forward with re-
doubled fury.
The possibility Of peace pro-
posals on disarmament, Berlin,
outer space, or Africa cannot be
ruled out; but most western dip
lomats here think speculation
along this line is wishful thinking.
There may be proposals. it is said.
but they are not likely to be gen.
vine efforts to- reach agreement.
There Is too much temptation
Evening star., 1960-09-18
Khrushchev's Chance
To Exploit Crises

for him to take the low road. Op-
portunitieS for trouble making
dangle like ripe Macintosh apples
in Mohawk Valley orchard.
The Congo is slipping out Of
U. N. control. The situation there
changes from hour to hour, but at
the moment Russia appears to
have out-steamrollered Secretary
General Dag Hammarskjold who,
in an extraordinarily daring ex-
ercise. tried to pry Soviet influence
out of central Africa.
Mr.. Hammarskjold could not
carry the neutralists and key Al
ricans with him, so his enterprise
ran into a stone wall.
When We Temporized
Nor did he have all-out Amer
ican support. At one key point
when the seating of a pro-western
Congolese delegation in the Secu-
rity Council would have contribu-
ted Importantly to strengthening
anti-Lumumba and anti-Soviet
forces, the United States tempo
rized, in part, because to have
certified a delegations credentials
by majority vote. overriding
Soviet veto, would have been to
destroy Americas asserted right
to veto Red China's credentials.
The two questions are legally
comparable. Thus in order to
maintain its policy Of boycott
against Red China, the United
States passed up an opportunity
to help eject Soviet influence from
Africa.
Elsewhere, Berlin is rapidly
blowing UP into new war peril.
Laos is dangerously near to civil
war-a strange, three-cornered
civil war in which pro-Westerners,
neutralistS and Communists might
be independently engaged. Cuba is
momentarily quiescent, but few
DelleVe IOr long.
Thus the temptation to Mr..
KhruShchev to exploit crisis stu
ationS is expected to be irresistible.
If the West has any co-ordi-
mated plan with which to counter
and contain the Soviet leader,
there is no sign of it as yet. Wash
lngton's principal contribution to
date has been to contain his ply
slcally within Manhattan Island;
but few here think this will sig
nltlcantly cramp his style. Indeed,
some believe the step will backfire.
persuading neutralists that his
antagonistic behavior was pro
voked."
The Ship-to-shore missile due
here tomorrow from the liner
Baltika thus appears to be on tar
get, with few if any effective de-
lenses visible and every oppor-
tunity to do maximum damage
when he lands. President Eisen-
mower will have a formidable as
Signment on his hands when he
speaks next Thursday, hoping to
lend of its worst effects.
or course, the President might
well have a little advance warn
ing OF the Khrushchev gambit, so
that he can counter to some ex-
tent the Soviet leaders pitch to
the world. Mr.. Khrushchev is ex-
pected to take a considerable
amount Of time, either Tuesday
or Wednesday, to present the case
for the admission of Communist
China to the United Nations.
And this occasion might well
be the perfect timing, in the
KhruShchev calculation, for
general presentation of Moscows
current views on world affairs.
Evening star., 1960-09-18
A Catholic View

If any citizen, after a reason
able attempt to learn the facts,
believes that the religion of can
didate for public Office would in
terfere with his discharge Of the
duties Of the office, 1 agree with
DR.. Peale that the citizen should
seek a public discussion of his
accusation on one condition,
which was stated by DIR. Peale but
not observed by him, viz, the
charge should be discussed in
truth, fairness and tolerance" DR..
Peale's statement is neither true
nor fair as can be proved objec-
lively. Tolerance is much more a
matter Of personal opinion. To me
the statement has an aura of in
tolerance in about every paragraph.
The total absence of even hint
Of the existence of any substantial
Evening star., 1960-09-18

Today the Vatican in Rome, rep
resenting the seat of Catholic
religious and temporal power.
maintains diplomatic relations
with the governments Of AZ coun-
tries, exchanging ambassadors who
have official status. Spokesman for
the Vatican in the United States
have repeatedly urged establish
ment of diplomatic relations with
the Roman Catholic Church, in
Guiding appointment by the Presi-
dent of an official representative.
The President has the RESPONSE
bility in our Government for con-
ducting foreign relations, including
receiving and appointing ambas-
sadors. 1t is inconceivable that a
Roman Catholic President would
not be under extreme pressure by
the hierarchy Of his church to
accede to its policies with respect
to foreign relations in matters,
including representation to the
Vatican.
(2)
The Roman Catholic Church has
specifically repudiated on many
occasions the principle sacred to
us that every man shall be free
to follow the dictates Of his con-
science in religious matters. Such
pronouncementS are, further
more, set forth as required beliefs
for every Roman Catholic. includ-
ing the Democratic nominee. Bind
ing upon him, as well as upon all
members Of this church, is the be-
lief that Protestant faiths are
heretical and counterfeit and that
they have no theoretical right to
exist.
(3)
The record Of the Roman Cath
olic Church in many countries
where it is predominant is one Of
Evening star., 1960-09-18
National Conference

Despite efforts to ignore or to
stif1e it, the religious issue remains
a major factor in the current
political campaign. Indeed, it has
become one of the most significant
issues. We of this conference,
ministers and laymen in Protes-
tant churches of thirty-seven de-
nominations, realize that the
candidacy of Roman Catholic
for President of the United States
has aroused questions which must
be faced frankly by the American
people.
We believe that this religious
issue should be handled with ut
Evening star., 1960-09-18

denial of equal rights for all OF
other faiths. The constitutions Of
a number of countries prohibit any
person except Roman Catholics
from serving as president or chief
of state.
The laws of most predominantly
Catholic countries extend to Cath
olics privileges not permitted to
those Of other faiths.
In countries such as Spain and
Colombia, Protestant ministers and
religious workers have been ar
rested, imprisoned and otherwise
prosecuted because Of their re-
ligion. No Protestant church or
Jewish synagogue can be marked
as such on its exterior.
Evening star., 1960-09-18

DR.. O'Neill, a retired univer-
Sity professor, has written books
and many articles on the
church-state relationship. The
best known Is Catholicism and
American Freedom" He is con-
sidered an outstanding Cath
Ohc spokesman on the subject.
Evening star., 1960-09-18

troubles and partly to handle
public school financing that Gov.
Tuck called the Legislature into
special session in 1947.
The State restored operation on
the ferries by seizing them and
the threat of a VEPCO strike
faded. Richmond city employees
were not unionized.
But these experiences led to
legislation at the 1947 session
guaranteeing the right to work
without regard to union member
ship outlawing recognition of any
union of State, county or city
employees and permitting State
seizure of public utilities.
The first section of the right
to-Work act reads:
"It is hereby declared to be the
public policy of Virginia that the
right of persons to work shall not
be denied or abridged on account
OF membership or nOn-memDef-
ship in any labor union or labor
organization"
The Democratic Party plank to
which Senator Byrd takes eXcep-
ton is the promise to repeal sec
ton 14(B) of the aft-Hartley
Act which recognizes the right of
States to enact right-to-work
laws.
Evening star., 1960-09-18


most discretion: that it should be
discussed only in a spirit of truth,
tolerance and fairness, and that
no persons should engage in hate
mongering, bigotry, prejudice or
unfounded charges. We further
believe that persons who are of
the Roman Catholic faith can be
just as honest, patriotic and public
spirited as those of any other
faith. We believe in the same
freedom of religion for Roman
Catholics as for ourselves and all
other people.
The key question is whether it
is in the best interest of our society
for any church organization to
attempt to exercise control over its
members in political and civic
affairs. While the current Roman
Catholic contender for the preSi-
dency states specifically that he
would not be so Influenced. his
church insists that he is duty
bound to admit to its direction.
This unreSolved conflict leaves
doubt in the minds of millions OF
our citizens.
1
The Roman Catholic Church is
political as we'll as q religious
organization. Traditionally, it's
hierarchy has assumed and ex-
ercised temporal power, unless and
until that power has been success
fully checked by the instruments
OF representative government.
Evening star., 1960-09-18
BY ALEX r. PRESTON
star stan Writer

Virginia today has about as
many closed shops as 1t had be-
fore enactment Of its right-to-
work law 13 years ago, according
to State Labor Commissioner Ed
mond M. BoggS. The law bans
union membership or non
membership as a condition of en-
ployment.
Commissioner BoggS was asked
how the statute is working be-
cause Senator Byrd, Democrat of
Virginia, has pledged to oppose
with all his strength and ability
Democratic Party platform
plank promising repeal Of au-
thorization for right-to-work laws.
The Senator, leader Of the DOM
inant wing Of the State Demo-
cratic organization, told reporters
recently that authority for States
to enact right-to-work laws would
be a major issue in the present
campaign. Senator Byrd has de-
clined to take a position on the
Democratic or Republican presi-
Dental tickets.
100 Per Cent Unionized
Labor Commissioner Boggs, dis
cuSsing the closed shops said that
while q requirement for union
membership is omitted from con-
tracts the practical effect has
been the same in many cases. He
cited tobacco manufacturing firms
in the Richmond area and the
larger building and contracting
companies throughout the State
as examples of employment which
is 100 per cent unionized.
But remember" he added, "the
law works the other way, too.
Those who maintain an open shop
do so because the law protects
them.
II would say that the main ben
efitS of the law have been psyche
logical. 1t has encouraged busi-
ness to come into Virginia"
Mr.. BoggS said there is no par
ticular type Of business or in
dustry which does not have q
closed shop arrangement with It's
employees. Beecher E. Stallard of
Richmond, counsel for the State
AFL-CIO, put it this way:
Its usually the smaller COM
panieS in the more rural areas
that won't hire union workers.
They are particularly hard on
unions in rural Southside
Virginia"
How have some employers man.
aged to maintain closed shops If
the law prohibits it? Mr.. Boggs
was asked.
while it's not written into the
contracts" he said, "the effect is
the same. For example, a man
applies for a job. He's asked his
name, his age, If he's member
of a union, and such things. If
he's not a member Of the union
he may not get the job because
they don't like the color of his
hair"
Labor Attorneys Views
The commissioners view on the
number of closed shop operations
is shared by Mr.. Stallard and by
Seymour j. Spelman Of Alexan-
dria, attorney for labor unions
in this area.
you can see how it has worked
out in some cases." Mr.. Spelman
explained. "A contractor wants
IS plumbers for a job. The easiest
thing is to call the union and ask
for them. The union furnishes
Evening star., 1960-09-18
By WILLIAM r. FRYE
Contributing Writer

UNITED NATIONS, N. Y
Nikita Khrushchev, RuSsia's
rocket propelled propaganda pro-
jectile, re-enters the United
States atmosphere tomorrow at a
time when opportunities for in
ternational target practice beckon
on every hand.
The re-entry problem has not
been solved. Already intense heat
has been generated-and he has
not yet landed.
Moreover the immediate target
area which Mr.. Khrushchev has
selected - the United Nations
General Assembly-is an inflam-
mable amalgam of political gaso-
line, dry tinder, and TINT. There
is also asbestos, but it is not
geared to resist the kind Of scar
ing heat to which it is now being
subjected.
Quite possibly the worlds most
impressive single gathering of in
ternational celebrities will be on
hand with Mr.. Khrushchev, or will
arrive soon after. President Eli
senhower has confirmed that he
is coming. Nasser, Tito, Nehru.
Sukarno, Castro, and the Soviet
satellite chiefs of state, as well as
Khrushchev, are all expected.
Several Africans are en- route.
This gives Mr.. Khrushchev the
mammonth platform he obviously
wanted. 1t also gives President
Eisenhower major opportunity If
he chooses to make use of it.
Eoch Hos Special Cose
Nearly every principal partici-
pant in the Assembly has a
special case to plead or a grievance
to present. Those who do not can
draw from the common pot, fea-
turing the Congo. Berlin, Laos,
Tibet, Hungary, Algeria, Segrega-
tion in South Africa, disarmament,
atomic testing. space for peace,
and Red China.
Rarely if ever before will there
have been such a formidable chal-
lenge to the United Nations, whose
basic assignment is "harmonizing
the actions of nations"
And Mr.. Khrushchev's contri-
button is scarcely likely to be con-
structive. Major Soviet successes
in space science have instilled in
Soviet diplomacy the appearance
and, some believe, the substance
of supreme self-confidence.
For four months, his propa-
ganda machine has been engaged
in a formidable assault on the
United States and its system of
alliances. His own alliance with
Red China may not be in smooth
working order, but if so, this fact
has simply intensified the antag-
onism which he turns outward.
Evening star., 1960-09-18
Senator Byrd's Stand

Last month, in a speech on the
floor, Senator Byrd said:
Congress, after long and
searching debate, deliberately.
conceded the validity of State law
in this field as a means of pro-
tecting the freedom to work, with
or without membership in a labor
union.
This is an appropriate time for
me to say 1 shall oppose with all
my strength and ability repeal of
authorization for right-to-work
laws. regard the right to work as
I do the right to life, liberty ard
the pursuit of happiness. 1t is the
right, the responsibility and the
duty of States to protect this fun
damental freedom -.
"The Democratic platform labor
pledge taken in Los Angeles would
be destructive Of two great princi-
Piles on which this Nation is
Observation-Disclosures libertyH and
States rights"
Evening star., 1960-09-18

The National Conference Of
Citizens for Religious Freedom
is a group composed of Prot
estant ministers and laymen.
After its meeting here DIR. Nor
man Vincent Peale acted as
spokesman for the group. Later
he announced that he had
withdrawn from the committee.
Two other prominent church.
men who attended were DR..
Daniel Polling, editor of the
Christian Herald. and DIR. L.
Nelson Bell, an editor Of Chris
tianity Today, and father-in-
law Of Evangelist Billy Graham.
Evening star., 1960-09-18
Ferry Operation Restored

About the same time, labor was
conducting a drive to unionize
municipal employees of the city
of Richmond.
1t was partly to deal with labor
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1960-01-02
Mag ArieIe Tells
OF Bias In Labor

NEW YORK - Failure Of the
American Federation of Labor
Congress of Industrial Organiza-
tions TO eliminate even the
most obvious instances Of racism
within affiliated unions" is set
forth in the December issue Of
Commentary, available this week.
Herbert Hill, NAACP labor
secretary, e author Of the artir
Gle, Labor unidns and the Ne.
aro.n which ci6o6 diocriminn&ory
roctices 81 certain trade unions.
The writer lists unions dis
eliminating against the Negro in
major areas Of the American
economy.
Among The biss-vidden build
ing end construction Unions ere
IRE lnssrnssienai Breskerheed
Of Electrical Workers, Plumb
srs Union. Carpenters Union
end Operating Engineers.
In the railroad industry, Mr..
Hill asserts that the four "operat-
ing" railroad brotherhoods, and
the Brotherhood of Railway and
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1960-01-02
Urge Negroes 10 Invest
n Nation 5 Industries

Wih the ushering Of the New Year, the Negro in the
United States stands upon the threshold OF new decade
the eos declared Norman l. McGhee head OF the nations
eiqlth wear Of activity in the securities market in state
ent issued this week 1T is time says McGhee Tor an
From the record e find the past ten years have seen
rreat gains in education civil rights and job opportun
{iocU