davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-05-22
PROPAGANDA AND TRADE
BY DON FRIFIELD
Contributing Writer

Soviet attempts to exert more
and more influence in Latin
America are concentrated now in
trade and propaganda offensives.
In both. Soviet Russia and Red
China are more effective than the
local Communists in Latin Ameri-
ca itself.
The Communist Party is legal
In only eight of the Latin Ameri-
can republics:
Argentina. Bolivia. Colombia,
Cuba. Ecuador. Mexico, Uruguay
and Venezuela.
In these countries-and in the
countries where it is illegal -
avowed and secret Communists
often hold high positions in other
parties and political groupings,
particularly student movements.
Total Communist Party mem
bership in all Latin America is
estimated at 225,000 to 250.000
persons. The largest Communist
Party membership is 10000 to
$4,000 in Argentina, followed by
$4,000 in Brazil (where the party
is Illegal, 10000 in prosperous,
oil-rich Venezuela, which has
Latin Americas highest per capita
national income. The 1900
avowed Communist Party men,
bers in Cuba would be 10000
larger if youth organizations ia
voring communism were included
in the total. Similarly, Mexico
has only 5000 Communist Party
members, but Lombardo Tole-
dano's pro-Communist Partido
Popular numbers $4,000. Chile
numbers 10000 to $4,000 party
members. No other country num-
bers more than 5000 at the latest
count.
But throughout Latin America
Communists who have hostile
feelings toward the United States
and the capitalist world generally
number uncounted millions. Many
of these are devout Catholics who
despise Communist atheism and
say in effect, "A plague on both
your houses" to both the United
States and the Soviet Union. To
the extent that any Latin Ameri-
can is anti-United States, how
ever, the Soviet bloc finds him
useful, for anti-American feelings
in Latin America are far more
overt than anti-Soviet sentiment,
thanks to the fact that the
United States has a record in the
hemisphere and the Sino-Soviet
has hardly any.
Communists in Chile
In terms of representation in
the legislative bodies of the
countries where the party is legal.
Communists make their best cur
rent showing in Chile, where they
hold 8 of As seats in the upper
house and 81 of lat seats in the
lower house. In Ecuador they
hold only / Of the As seats in the
upper house, in Uruguay 2 Of
SO seats in the lower house, and
in Venezuela of 81 seats in the
upper house and 7 of 1873 seats
in the lower house. In the re-
naming countries where the party
is legal-Argentina. Bolivia and
Mexico-the Communists hold no
seats at all.
Despite this almost inconse-
quential official power, the Com
Evening star., 1960-05-22

general, and in this case would
remove some Of the pressures
from the United States to pro-
vide a market for whatever prod
ucts Latin America must sell in
whatever quantities, which are
frequently in excess of what the
United States needs. However.
these hopeful voices are still a
minority. The majority Of Wash
ington observers believes that
American leadership of the free
world can be diluted and dimin-
ished by any Sino-Soviet gains
whatever in the lands where the
Monroe Doctrine still applies,
however hedged by diplomatic
language Affirming the equality
Of nations.
Finonciol Investment
In the meantime, the Sino-
Soviet bloc finds 1t profitable to
help build up the free economies
of Latin America by trade and
credits. If the Communists thus
hope to win over Latin Americans
by this means, it is at least logi-
cal speculation to think that they
will no more succeed in purchas-
ing good will and igniting faith
in communism with money than
the United States has similarly
succeeded with many times the
financial investment.
United States Government
leaders state the danger for the
free world in Latin America is
the possibility that Latin Ameri-
cans may lose sight of the long
range aims Of the Communists,
who are dangling short-range en-
ticements before them. The
United States, these spokesmen
aver must limit its activities Tn
Evening star., 1960-05-22

counseling and tactful expostula-
ton, hoping that economic ac-
ttvities between the bloc and
Latin America do not become a
wedge for subversion.
The Sino-Soviet bloc has al
lotted more than 500 million to
propaganda activities in Latin
America this year, sum COM
parable to what the United States
is spending throughout the en-
tire world through the United
States Information Service and
the Voice of America. Presum-
ably, the Communists have a
more uphill task in their prop
aganda campaign than the United
States. But many critics of the
American information program
contend that it is indicative Of
the ills that trouble our way Of
life that we have less to spend
on the American message"
throughout the world than many
individual American advertising
agencies bill domestically in the
course Of a single year.
The United States maintains
information Offices and libraries in
all the 20 republics of Latin
America and United States tour
lists and businessmen are still over
wheimingly more frequent than
their Communist counterparts.
Hollywood still dominates the film
front, though less so than form
erly. Latin Americans are almost
entirely Catholics and are in
herently anti-atheist and anti
Communist. Moreover, the United
States is far and away the princi-
pal customer and purchaser of
Latin American products. But
Latin America is neither happy
nor stable, for the most part. and
the flourishes and alarums Of
long dormant dissatisfaction can
be heard.
Criticism of U. S.
Long before the Communists
we're heard of, except as an in
tellectual movement. long before
the first World War, Latin Amer
leans used the phrase Yankee i'm
perialism. 1t has applied sue
cessively to our conquests in the
Spanish American War Cuba
and Puerto Rico, to our inter-
vention in other countries by
armed forces CMexico, Haiti, the
Dominican Republic, Nicaragua,
Panama, Cuba, etc. by our multi
billion-d dollar investments in
Latin America. and by our atti-
tude in general. The term ap-
plies to United States history and
presumably to United States in
tentions. 1t is, in sum, the theme
of Communist propaganda in
Latin America-and like other
Communist tactics, it ties in neatly
with already prevalent feelings.
For Communists find it currently
most advantageous to use the ex-
isting ideas and institutions as a
place to begin the eventual. his
torically pre-ordained overthrow
Of capitalist and bourgeois en-
titles"
Local Communists are much
more vituperative in their anti
United States propaganda than
the Soviets, II not the Chinese
Communists. One Of the accusa-
tions leveled against the United
States in the Latin American
Communist press, for example:
Responsibility for floods in Uru-
Evening star., 1960-05-22
KhrushcheY
On Lutin America

"We are happy to hear the
pulse of Latin Americas struggle
for independence against
American imperialism. I
can welcome the events in
Cuba where the people proud
ly and courageously rose up
under the banner for their
struggle for independence. I
am convinced that the other
Latin American countries will
also rise up in the struggle for
their independence. We will
sympathize with their struggle
and applaud their success in this
1eld."-Premier Khrushchev at
his Paris press conference last
week.
Evening star., 1960-05-22

quay through atomic tests in the
Pacific.
Some aspects of Communist
activity in Latin America are
front" organizations, particularly
the nine new "bi-national CEN
terS" opened in 1859; media activ-
tiles (printed, filmed. and broad
cast propaganda; travel to and
from the Sino-Soviet bloc of in
dividualS and groups; diplomatic
missions Us in five countries:
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Mexico
and Uruguay, and trade.
The "bi-national centerS" would
seem to raise the total number of
these CommuniSt-sponSored en-
titles to 73, but an undetermined
number of the l6 Argentine-Soviet
Cultural Relations Offices were
closed by the government late last
year, as part Of a general crack
down on Communist activities by
the administration of President
Arturo Frondizi. The "bi-national
centers" are often composed large
ly of immigrants from Iron Cur
tain countries. From their names
alone, they are generally indis-
tinguishable from the non-Com-
munist "bi-national centers."
Publishing increased
In publishing, Communist activ-
ity increased last year by some %
new or revived publications, al
though many other publications
closed down for lack of funds.
Some 3l2 Latin American Com
muniSt publications, distributed
through PIT publishing houses and
bookstores, were distributed to an
unknown number of readers, prob
ably numbering more than a mil
lion, not necessarily all Communist
Sympathizers. Main distribution
centers for the more than 100
publications originating in the
Soviet Union. Communist China,
and the satellites are BuenoS Aires,
Montevideo. Mexico City and
lately-Havana. Communist pub
lications continue to flourish in
Argentina despite government
DEGREES prohibiting them. In
Cuba, the first Chinese Commu-
mist newspaper was established in
Havana. directed to the 10000
Chinese residents of the country.
The Communist Chinese news
agency, Hsinhua, also established
working relationship with
Prensa Latina, the Castro-spon-
sored press service. 1Isinhua itself
Evening star., 1960-05-22

munist movement and influence
in Latin America is a serious
matter in the sphere of propa-
ganda and nonoff1cial but highly
important public activities. Inso-
far as the United States Govern
ment attitude is concerned. any
increase in Sino-Soviet activity
and influence-official or not-is
a matter of serious concern. In
this realm comparative statistics
are either misleading or even
irrelevant.
1t may comfort Americans to
know, for instance. that the 225,-
900 to 250,000 Communist Party
members in Latin America today
compare with more than 100000
in 1947.
Trade figures for 1858 show that
the Sino-SovietS and Latin Amer
leans exchanged $275 million in
goods and some services, up from
$202 million in 1957-and 1859
figures are expected to top $500
million when they are available.
The volume in 1855. however, was
considerably more: $342 million.
But. Americans are warned, the
figures for recent years are all
most meaningless before the po-
tential figures in the near future,
thanks to increasing Sino-Soviet
interest in penetrating Latin
America by any political, COM
mercial, and social means avail
able.
Credit from Any Source
For the Latin American hunger
for prosperity and development is
so strong that much of the i'm
petus for more trade, more credits,
and more grants with and from
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1960-02-04

EIFTEEN YEARS AGO, we bought the ten wooded acres
upon which we live. Despite the fact that
navigabe river and less than an hour from Portland
Oregon our land was almost untouched when it be-
came Donation Land Claim hundred years ago,
and for long time there nothing indicate that
would not remain So which made very comfortable
and happy.
Then, in that unpredictable and mysterious way in
which populations the exodus from the city turned
south in direction Slowly and nexoraby it came,
like lava down mountainside, and about as welcome.
In three brief years. the old River Road the orchards
and the fir forests have become solid community of
attractive country houses. We no longer make Grand
Tour by eep. between vytwined trees heave debris
from the woods the fence And must admit we've
grown to enjoy the lights through the dark winter
nights life is pleasant in our suburbia.
But where do we 60 from here?
The first step took to get ourselves zoned as
residential Oh happy day! We could relax We had
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1960-02-04
BY DOROTHY HAYES
WHAT IS YOUR Story?

Are the buNdozers threatening TO close in
on you? :. Any ideos about developing
your towns resources for reereoton? How
ore your teen-osers going TO find jobs this sum-
mer9 ;. u you have any problems you would
like TO oir-ony success stories TO ieli-send
them in to SUBURBiA TO-DAY. Manuscripts
should run about 900 words and we pay 500
on acceptance.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1960-02-04

built our moat and drawbrdge and could 60 back
the old rocking chair
Everybody makes mistakes We learned from ours.
We learned new terms like interim coming which
what we had and which serves as delaying tactic only
Shortly, landowner outsider appealed to the
County Court for zonng change to permit him to build
service station next to general store This institu
ton already furnished with gas and minor car repairs
as well as stocking emergency raons and true trad
ton, acting as our neghborhood news and information
centre. Before our zoning went into effect second
service station had been started and was now making
precarious living.
A third one we would have none Of so a few of us
made our first appearance in state our objections
We did not want our still unclutered highway to be
turned into that scourge of the countryside strip
development That ugly and endless chain of gas stations
hot-dog stands drivens, moteS trailer courts ad nfin
tum-you can be bulldozed into it before you know it,
Our arguments were sound and our voices were loud
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1960-02-04

They'll get your green pastures if you d.
Evening star., 1960-09-04

that Brownies and Blue Birds can safely push
flat-bottomed boats across it Tom Sawyer style.
'Ifyou can't change the children, you have
to change the rules" he explains. They all
want to stand up and use poles to push the
boats along so made the lake shallow. If they
topple over, they can just climb back in the
boat or wade to shore. 1t helps them get over
fear of water, too. Of course, no girls can be
here without leader And that rule works the
other way, too No adults without children"
At the crest of hill at the edge of the lake
is the kings chair" especially placed there
for Uncle John. But he is much too busy to sit
in it very long. Besides digging and planting,
he enjoys taking groups on nature hikes, shar-
ing his knowledge of wild flowers and trees
Uncle John has another small lake which
he made shortly after he bought the land in
1884
Il lived on an irrigated ranch in Colorado"
he says land couldn't bear to see water going
to waste. So when saw this stream it seemed
natural to do just as beaver does damned
up the stream and made lake. The first Wis
itorS were frogs and tadpOleS, then the neigh
borhood children came to play.
THE children named the place. At first
Evening star., 1960-09-04
By MARTHA KOVACIC
Contributing Writer

TUST few miles from the District line, near
ID Forestville, Md, is an unspoiled bit of
wilderness, saved from encroaching housing
developments by its owner, John B. Plato, as
campsite for Girl Scouts and Camp Fire Girls.
Uncle John," as he is affectionately known,
has decided two-and-ahalf acre sites to the
National Capital Girl Scout Council, the South
ern Maryland Girl Scout Council, and the Poto-
mac Area Council of Camp Fire Girls. The
groups also share the woodland lakes and
many trails on the remainder of the 80acre
tract.
Uncle John started his first playground for
children so years ago in Denver, where he
served on the board of the city playground
association. Now, still vigorous at SO, after
varied career as soldier in the Spanish-Amer-
lean War, rancher, mapmaker and natural
list, he is still busy providing play areas for
children.
His current project is a lake with three
small islands. With some hired help and much
of his own labor, he has dug out an area about
500 feet long, provided a flow of water from
springfield stream, and planted trees, shrubs
and wildflowers around it. He has purposely
made the lake only about 80 inches deep, so
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1960-07-29
Friday q $50 PM.

The prestige Of Congress, the
exc G m e n t Of Internation-
al League baseball, the dignity
of the National Colors and the
strength of local government
all these. and more. will be on
display during tonight's Fri
day. opening ceremonies at the
Virginia state tournament of
Little Boys Baseball at the
Farmville park.
The colorflll parade of per-
sonalities and events prelinli-
nary to a week of tournament
play at the Memorial Recrea-
ton Center will commence at
$50 pm, according to the tour
nament director, Al Smit h,
Farmville radio broadcaster
and program executive.
Congressman Watkins NJ. Abb
bit will give the keynote well
come. and bringing brief re-
marks also will be Jack White
general manager of the Rich
mond Virginiars Of the Inter
national League. Mayor w. F.
Watkins. Jr.. E. M. Pairet.
Chamber Of Commerce presi-
dent, and j. B. Wall, Farmville
newspaper publisher.
Queen Growing
A Color Guard Of Farmville
National Guardsmen will ad-
vance the Colors composed Of
the American and Virginia flags,
and Mayor Watkins will crown
the queen" Of the host Farm
vile entry in the tournament,
the Little Boys League Au-stars.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1960-07-29
ABC Stores Report Higher Sales;
Increase In Profits Predicted

Profit returns to the localities
t r 0 m the sale through ABC
stores is expected to be greater
than ever. The ABC board an
nounced recently that the total
sale through its stores was up
more than five million dollars
over the year ending June 80.
1859.
If this gross sale figures is
turned into profits, 1t will mean
record receipts for the ar e a
county and town treasures. A
share in the ABC profits is one
Of the major income sources Of
local government.
For instance in Prince Ed
ward County last year, the trea-
surer received a check 70 r
S37 ,239 81 Prince Edwar d
County had made no anticipa-
ton for this sum in the budget,
because of the uncertainty of the
school situation, so the $37 ,239
went into the surplus column,
which made Prince Edward
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1960-07-29
Wildlife Club
Insists On Local
Game Warden

The Prince Edward Wildlife
Club adopted a resolution Mon
day night insisting that local
man be made game warden" in
Prince Edward County. The s.
member club has been active in
its support of hunting and fish
ing and adopted the resolution at
its regular meeting Monday night
at Cedarbrook Restaurant.
The controversy over the game
warden position has been gather
ing steam ever since a commit
tee from the local board of sup
ervisors was told by the Com
mission Of Game and Inland
Fisheries that funds were not
available to employ a local man.
A game warden from Nottoway
has been handling Prince Ed
ward County since the death of
G. Linwood Cox.
The Wildlife Club elected Off
GERS for the coming year at the
meeting Monday. The officers
will be w. w. Vaughan, Of Pros
pect. president; S. C. Patteson,
Farmville, vice president; and
=. Louis Dahl, F'armville, secre-
tary.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1960-07-29

have an exceptionally high bal
ance on hand for the year just
ended.
The town of Farmville made
an estimate Of $4,000 for the
1959-60 year, and it actually re-
ceived S16.054,0 90 as the towns
share Of the profit pie. For the
coming year the town increased
its estimate Of SIS 500 and it ap-
pears that the figure will be at
least some $4,000 over the estl-
mate.
Last year area treasurers re-
celved a ON blne-d total
of 1928, 704. The proceeding year
the figure was S195,979, and
from all reports, the figure
h u ] d be higher again this
year.
Total sales of alcoholic bever-
ages throughout the State for the
year ended June 80, 1860, were
$l18,638,l2l, an increase of five
million dollars from the pre-
Continued on page n
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1960-07-29

Of the man, who has served
as director of secondary educa-
ton since 1858, Almond said it
was his belief the appointment
would meet with wide public ap-
prevail. He added that the new
superintendent was in sympathy
with the policies and programs
of the State Board of Educa-
ton.
Announced Plans
Dr. Wilkerson in a brief state
ment following announcement of
his appointment said he intends
to carry forward studies begun
by the State Board of Education
on elementary schools, statutes
and regulations pertaining to the
curriculum and formulas for a
more equitable distribution of
state school funds.
The new superintendent prom
ised to implement relatively
new board policies on the high
school curriculum. new school
building regulations. accredita-
ton standards and revise d
teacher generalization standards.
The appointment of Wilkerson
is subject to confirmation by the
General Assembly. His term is
coincidental with that Of AL
mond's, which is less than 10
months.
Prospect Graduate
DR.. Wilkerson, AZ, is 1880
graduate Of Prospect Hi G h
School. He received his B. A.
degree at Hampden-Sydney in
1884. his M. A. at the College
Of William and Mary in 1888,
and his Ed. D. from the Uni
versity of Maryland in 1852.
He began his teaching career
as an instructor of Latin, Eng
list and science at Victoria High
School. He then served as prin-
cipal of three. schools before be-
coming assistant supervisor of
secondary education, State De-
partment of Education. They in
cluded Dillwyn High School,
King William High School, and
Marion High School in Snyth
county.
Continued on page y
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1960-07-29
Curtis To Speak
At Annual Farm
Bureau Meeting

T. 7. Curtis. president of the
Virginia Farm Bureau Fedora
ton, will address members of the
Prince Edward County Farm
Bureau. August 3.
The Orange county farm leader
will appear on the program of
the annual meeting to begin at
3 pm at Hidden Lake Farm
near Prospect. The event will get
underway with swimming and
recreation.
A Brunswick stew will follow
the program. 1t will be served
between and 7 pm.
Among the guests expected are
Congressman Watkins M. Abbitt,
State Senator Charles Moses,
State Senator j. D. Hagood, Dele
gate John Daniel and Judge Joel
/ Flood.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1960-07-29

city quoted Pearson as saying
public schooling is dead In
Prince Edward and will remain
so unless the Supreme Court re-
verses its 1854 segregation de-
cision.
More Private Schools
Pearson predicted that pri-
vate schools will become more
and more prevalent in the south
In an interview for The New
Orleans States-Item, morning
daily. Pearson said, when you
come to the end of the legal
battle, there is only one ques-
ton left-do you want segrega-
tion?"
In Prince Edward county we
were told either to integrate our
high school or close the public
school system. We closed tn e
public school system"
The private school admin
strator said today, II told them
everything I could tell them that
would be Of help to them in set
ting up private schools"
At the meeting Of the Citizens
Council which filled the munich
pal auditorium, Pearson sal d
that the Prince Edward private
system had been very success
full, and he explained how it
was set up.
Improvement Scored
The group was told, I'VE feel
we have &C complished a lot in
actual Improvement of educa-
ton Pearson added, "You
should be a BILE to educate your
children the way you desire. The
next time you look your young
sters in the face. make up your
mind how you want your chill
dren educated"
The people of New Orleans
were told the size of a city
doesn't make any difference in
setting up private schools. Pear
son said, THE larger the COM
munity, the more private ia
cilities there are to use. 1t just
takes determination
Pearson. in explaining the
successful operation of private
schools pointed out that 81 per
cent of the students who had at
tended public schools took ad-
vantage of the private schools
though attendance was volun.
tary. Successfully educated last
year were LAS students.
Today, Pearson told Herald
CONTINUED on page y