davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-09-18

Best known for his part in sup
porting the Soviet re-entry into
Budapest in 1856, Janos Kaclar is
considered virtual puppet Of the
Soviet regime. Kadar, however,
is q longtime Hungarian Com
munist who has risked his life
many times for the Communist
cause.
Kadar was born in 1912 Of a
peasant family, and at the age of
19, he Joined the leftist-led youth
group OF Hungary. A year later
this young toolmaker Joined the
Communist Party. for which he
served in many capacities during
the sos. In 1912, while the party
was underground, ne was made
a member of the Central Commit
rec, and in l943, a party secretary.
After Hungary was freed in l945,
he organized the Budapest police
force for the Communists, and be-
came the party head in Budapest.
In 1948, for his work with the po-
lice, he was made Minister of the
Interior, in charge of the secret
police. He also became a deputy
secretary general Of the party.
During a general party purge
IN 1851, Kadar was arrested and
sentenced to Jail. He was released
after Stalin's death in 1858, and
again started working his way up
the ladder. He was given leader
snip of the party in an industrial
area of Budapest, and in July,
1856, he was elevated to member
ship in the Politburo. In october,
1856, he became First Secretary
and opposed the views of those
led by Imre Macy, who sought to
disaSSociate Hungary from the So
Wet bloc. He apparently nego-
tiated with the Russians and is
alleged to have ridden into Buda-
pest on a Russian tank. Since
1857, he has taken the title of First
Secretary Of the Hungarian Social
iSt Workers Party, another name
for the Communist Party.
KadarS long association with
workers has given him the rough.
uncultured air of a genuine prole-
tartan, in many ways similar to
that of Khrushchev himself.
Evening star., 1960-09-18
The Foreign Scene

been doing quite well recently In
the business Of recovering the nose
cones Of vehicles launched into
the blue-black recesSes Of outer
space. They lost the last one-al-
though it was spotted near Christ
mas Island in the Pacific, about
a thousand miles from where it
should have been-because an
ocean squall prevented search am
phibian planes from landing near
enough to recover the beeping.
flashing returnee.
But on the eve Of Nikita
Khrushchev's appearance at the
United Nations, American scien-
lists and miSSilemen are speculat-
ing that Mr.. K. plans a surprise.
Last week the Navy released
photographs of two heavily
Instrumental Soviet Navy vessels
which had been spotted months
ago in the Pacific in connection
with Siberia-based intercontinen-
tai range missile shots. The impli-
cation of the photos, and the Navy's
inference, was that Moscow had
a space sensation in the works.
All parents of small children
will be undiSmayed and unSur-
prised by all these cold war antics,
which are being practiced not by
kiddies but by supposedly respon-
sible adults. The Kremlin, pre-
sumably, has a space shot in the
works which might even include
the first voyage of a human being
into the wild blue yonder. And
if the United States has no ex-
travaganza space act in mind, we
can rest assured that American
interests, if not American dignity,
will be preserved when members
of the International Association
of Longshoremen tomorrow sail
down New York Bay to heckle Mr..
Khrushchev, aboard the arriving
Baltika, with insults amplified by
"bullhornS" aboard the hired tug
boat.
Evening star., 1960-09-18
Security:
New Threat

Government officialS last week
testified on the detection Of two
National Security Agency code
clerks.
After the first phase of sepa-
rate inquiries into the detection of
two NSA code clerks was COM
pleted by two House committees
these main points stood out:
. The "self-confesSed traitors"
to use President Eisenhower
label, had no knowledge which
would help the Russians break our
codes. But they could aid the
Communists in devising new codes
Of their own which would be more
difficult for us to crack.
Q There is no evidence that the
pair were members Of any spy
ring.
o No NSA documents or equip
ment are missing, although some
secret "handwritten briefing
notes" are unaccounted for. The
defectors could have taken them.
it is conceded, and also could
have made copies of other secret
documents and slipped them out.
There appeared to be a ten
dency on the part of the Govern
ment witnesses to minimize the
Importance of the two men-the
emphasis was that they were en-
gagged in research and develop
ment work aimed at improving
the mathematical processing of
foreign statistical data"
Evening star., 1960-09-18

flecting spirit of give and take.
1t Is not an ideal one. But if it
had not been reached, both coun-
tries would have drifted toward a
conflict involving the fate and
safety Of millions. It would, none
theless, help Pakistan avert eco
nomic ruination without having
to resort to desperate measures.
In a broadcast, President Ayub
thanked Mr.. Nehru whose per
sonal intervention removed GER
tain bitches" in arriving at agree
ment. He also described the &C
tion Of friendly powers to help
in the replacement works as mot
only due to their sympathy but
proof Of their interest in the sta
bility Of this sensitive part of the
world"
Sense Of Urgency
President Ayub declared that,
with the signing of the new treaty,
the Kashmir dispute acquires a
new sense of urgency" and
stressed the Importance for us
Of having physical control of the
upper reaches of these (three
westerly rivers to secure the max
imum utilization for the ever
growing needs of West Pakistan."
This statement has touched off
a storm of protests in India. Mr..
Nehru told agitated members of
Parliament that he unfortunate
ly" did not agree with the infer
enceS drawn by President Ayub.
The Kashmir isue, said Mr.. Nehru,
Evening star., 1960-09-18

Since 1852, Gheorge Gheorghiu-
Del has been the undisputed
leader Of the Romanian Commu-
mist Party. He is a tough, dis
ciplined Communist leader who
joined the party when it could
only exist underground, and who
survived a tough jail sentence to
emerge as leader of the party.
Gheorghiu (the Del" is the
name Of a jail he was once I'M
was born of working class par
ents in 1901 and was a shoe
makers apprentice from the time
he was IL. BY the age of 18, he
was involved in union activities,
and in 1880, he Joined the then
illegal Communist Party. In the
1930s, he helped organize the rail-
road workers and in 1888 he led
a two-month long strike, for which
he was arrested. He was SEN
fenced to IL years at hard labor,
but even from prison, he is sup
posed to have taken part in under
ground activity. He escaped from
prison in August, 1914, as the
Red Army approached.
After the war, he served as
a minister in a coalition cabinet,
and in 1945 was elected secretary
general of the party. In 194e,
he took over the ministry of the
economy, and helped in the early
sovietizing the country. When the
monarchy was abolished in 1948,
he took control of the Romanian
Workers Party. as the Communist
Party was called, and played an
increasingly important role in the
economy of the country.
He led the Romanian delega-
tions to the Paris Peace Confer
ence in 1916, and to the three
Cominform meetings in 1947, 1948
and 1949. He was considered very
anti Tito, and his report, The
Yugoslavian Communist Party in
the Hands of Murderers and
Spies," touched off the COMM
form decision to expel Yugo-
slavia from the Soviet bloc. He
held both party and governmental
top Offices from 1852 until 1855,
when he gave up the premiership
to concentrate on his party job.
Evening star., 1960-09-18
By NARANJAN S. UPPAL
Contributing Writer

NEW DELHI.-The scheduled
signing in Karachi on Tuesday of
the canal waters treaty, between
India and Pakistan, foreshadows
the end Of a vexatious dispute
which, along with the KaShmir
problem, has been bedevilling their
relations since the Subcontinent
was divided into two independent
nations 13 years ago.
To sign the treaty, Prime Min
lister Nehru is paying a flve-day
visit to Pakistan. During this
period, he is expected to discuss
all other issues outstanding be-
tween the two countries.
This would be Mr.. Nehru'S first
visit to Pakistan after Field
Marshal Ayub Khan came to
power there % months ago.
Pakistan is also attaching great
Importance to the visit. Presi-
dent Ayub has asked his Foreign
Minister Manzur Qadir, who was
due to lead the Pakistan delega-
ton to the United Nations Gen.
eral Assembly, and his Finance
Minister Shoaib, who was to leave
for a World Bank meeting in
Washington, to stay behind. Mr..
Nehru has told Parliament's
Foreign Affairs Consultative Com
mittee that he attaches great
value" to the forthcoming talks.
The canal waters dispute arose
out of the Partition pangs, which
cut into two disproportionate
pieces the Indus Basin irrigation
system which had been conceived
as a single unit. Five Of its six
rivers enter Pakistan from Indian
territory. India had always argued
that there was enough water in
this river system for both itself
and Pakistan. But in 1854 the
position was that while India was
using 8 million acre feet and
Pakistan 81 million, at least
another 48 million flowed waste
fully to the sea.
Engineering Bosis
HarnesSing of the system had
been described by David Lilienthal,
former head Of the iva, as a
feasible engineering and business
problem which could be settled on
an engineering basis"
Based on the World Banks 1854
proposals, the treaty would allot
the three western rivers, except
for minor supplies" to Jammu
and Kashmir, to Pakistan and the
three eastern rivers to India.
Supplies of water from the east
ern rivers to PakiStan would be
continued on diminishing
scale" for another 10 years, ex-
tendable to 13 years at Pakistan's
request, during which PakiStan
would be expected to construct its
replacement works. Toward this
construction, expected to cost
$1,052,000, India would make an
ad hoe financial contribution but
the bulk of the funds would be
provided by the World Bank and
friendly countries, including the
United States of America. India
also would be helped in construct
ing dam on the Beas River.
The treaty is a compromise, re-
Evening star., 1960-09-18

The strong man Of Polish poll
tics, Wlaydslaw Gomulka, was
politically dead in 1949 when he
was ordered out of the Communist
Party for seeking the Titoist
Polish Way to Socialism" but he
was carried back into power on the
crest of the Polish revolt in 1856
which apparently brought a GER
tain liberalization to Polish life.
At present, he is the undisputed
leader Of the Polish Communist
Party. 1t is known as the United
Workers Party in Poland.
Born in 1905 in a working class
family in southern Poland,
Gomulka was a locksmith by pro-
feSsion. After helping to organize
the Union of Chemical Workers in
the oil districts of KroSno (hiS
home town., he joined the Com
munist Party in 1926. In 1882, he
was arrested for his political ac-
tivity, and after his release in
1884. he went to Moscow to study
Communist tactics for a year.
After his return, he was arrested
again in 1885, and sentenced to
seven years at hard labor.
When the war broke out. how
ever, he was released and fought
in the defense Of Warsaw. He
eventually made his way to Soviet
territory and when the Russians
entered the war against Germany
in 1941, he returned secretly to
Warsaw. where in 1943 he became
secretary general of the under
ground party. In l945. in a coali-
ton government, led by the Com
munistS, he served as deputy pre-
mier and Minister of the Recov-
cred Western Territories.
In 1949, he was accused of being
soft towards Tito, and eventually
was forced to resign from the
party. In 1851 he was arrested
but never tried.
He was asked back into party
work in July, 1856, and in the
hectic october days of 1856, he
guided the revolt against authori-
tartan Soviet rule into moderate
channels, never going as far as
Hungary attempted, and thus
avoiding Soviet intervention.
Evening star., 1960-09-18

had nothing to do with the canal
waters treaty; it was never raised
during the protracted negotiations
on the treaty.
There is, nevertheless. general
feeling in India and PakiStan that
the treaty may pave way for a
settlement on Kashmir. In a re-
cent talk with an Indian member
of Parliament, DR.. Raghuvira,
President Ayub made it clear that
Pakistan no longer insisted on
plebiscite as the only solution.
Some other mutually acceptable"
way, he said, could be found.
OF course, an agreed settlement
of the Kashmir dispute would nee
essarily take the form of some
compromise which would be at
least in part unpalatable to both
parties. One could be the confirma-
tion of the status quo, with minor
adjustments, along he ceaseflre
line. The alternative to compro-
mise might be, for both countries,
the loss Of their recently won in
dependence. Two northern giants,
the Soviet Union and Communist
China, are cycling them from over
the crest Of the Himalayas and the
Hindu Kush.
Joint Defense System
This pushes to the forefront the
concept Of joint defense system
proposed by President Ayub. 1t has
impressed some opposition leaders
in India. The Swatantra Party
leader, Mr.. Rajagopalachari, be-
Evening star., 1960-09-18

Probably the least known of the
Communist leaders, Todor Zhivkov
has worked his way to the top of
the Communist Party in Bulgaria
through a succession of unspec-
tacular, but important party posi-
tions.
The 49-year-old chief was born
in a poor peasant home, and
worked as a printer for 10 years
until the outbreak of World War II.
In 1882, at the age of 10, he
Joined the Bulgarian Communist
Party, and during the 30s and
early 40s. he served in the party
apparatus of several different re-
gional party organizations. He
fought at the end of the war on
the side of the partisans against
the Axis forces in Bulgaria.
After the war, he helped set up
a Communicated police force in
Bulgaria, and in 1948 was pro-
NOTED to First Secretary of the
Sofia Communist Party. In that
same year. he was elected a mem
ber of the Central Committee.
After serving as a deputy party
secretary, he was named First
Secretary in 1854.
zhivkov is recognized as a mod
crate among Communist leaders,
and at the time of the Polish and
Hungarian revolts in 1856, he in
stituted certain liberalizations in
the country's economy. Farmers,
for instance, were no longer forced
to deliver certain quantities of
foodstuff to the state, but could
sell them at a fairer rate. Wages
have also gone up, and prices
down, as Bulgaria economy i'm
proved. The Soviet Union eSpe-
Cially prizes its close economic
tie with Bulgaria since it is
prime producer Of uranium.
Evening star., 1960-09-18
Six Communists Bloc Leaders at u. n
By BERNARD GWERTZMAN
Star stan Writer

The men who lead the Com
munist governments of Eastern
and Central Europe-the six ma
tionS usually called in the West
the satellites" of the Soviet Union
will be in New York this week
for the opening of the United
Nations General Assembly. They
are there, observers predict. as a
cheering section for Soviet Premier
Khrushchev. And there is no
doubt that all six of them will
back the Soviet positions without
equiVocation.
But the characters and back
grounds of the six leaders differ
considerably. as does their indi-
vidual response to the tutelage of
the Kremlin. On foreign policy
matters, they subscribe wholly and
unqualifiedly to the Moscow line.
But in internal matters, their
footprints are not always to be
found precisely in the tracks of
Big Brother.
Here are brief sketches of the
leaders from Albania. Bulgaria,
CzechoSlovakia, Hungary, Poland
and Romania who will be on hand
at the U. N. this week:
Evening star., 1960-09-18
Space Feat?
A Prospect

There was speculation yester-
day that the Soviet Union was
again planning a space spec
tacular" to coincide with Mr..
Khrushchev's United Nations
visit.
Everybody" says the man with
the outsize proboscis Mr.. Jimmy
Durante, "is always trying to get
into the act"
Uncle Sans spacemen have
Evening star., 1960-09-18
Rights:
Court Test

The Justice Department on
Tuesday filed a suit in Tennes-
see charging a conspiracy Of
economic pressure to bar Ne
grOes from voting.
One of the great preSsures
which has dampened the enthusi-
aSm Of Negroes in certain areas
Evening star., 1960-09-18

Continued From Page C-1
keep the peace and extend free
dom" throughout the world.
The Vice President took ac-
count Of the fact that there are
substantially more registere d
Democrats in the United States
than Republicans. Time and
again he said something like this:
Don't just vote the party line.
Consider the candidates. Consider
their experience. Consider their
background"
His hope, Of course, is that the
voters will think Of him as the
more experienced, especially after
he finishes reminding them of
how he told off" Khrushchev
and Travelled all over the world to
meet the leaders Of other nations.
One of the States upon which
Mr.. Nixon has cast hopeful eye
is Texas. The Lone Star State,
Lyndon Johnson's own, has "a
electoral votes. In 1852 and 1856
they went to a Republican, Mr..
Eisenhower, a most unusual
action for the heavily Democratic
State.
Evening star., 1960-06-28
DUPONT CIRCLE

II you ARE QUIET, refined, white,
adult. without school-age children
and looking for an immac. clean
furn. efic., / or 2-bedroom apt.
at moderate rental in one Of the
= best maintained downtown bldgs.
- in Wash. and cony located within
walk. dist. Cap Hill and Federal
Triangle, then call MR.. HAMP-
TON. AD. 2-7700. 10 a.m.-7 pm
Evening star., 1960-06-28

CHEVERLY AREAS bedrmS.. bi..
level, loads OF closets, equip. kit.
Anchor-fence, on cul-de-sac, To
rent S125 monthly or will sell
S1a5 down, Sl20 monthly or will
sell PI,TI. }. v Caliandro Co.,
ITJ G.IgQR mr. Ap $4,000
Evening star., 1960-06-28
21St AND r i AVE.

21St AND r. l. AVE.
2959 MILLS AVE. NE.
Beaut. 2nd-h 1-bedrm. apt. COM
pletely Fedecorated; only S72 80.
ConY. to shopp. and transp. See
Mr., ouade on premises, or call
Legum & Gerber Realty Co.
C0LoRED-I7II P ST. NV.
WASHINGTON RLTY., RA. 3-S30O
COLORED-IIOO N. CAPITOL ST.
3 Rooms, Kit, Bath, Heat, $50
WASHINGTON RLTY, RA. $4,000
COLORED-50 49th ST. Sc.
Rms, Kit, Bath, Utils.; S9l so
WASHINGTON RLTY, RA. 3-s3O0
COLORED-4I4 FLA. AVE.
. Rms, Kit, Bath, Utils.: so
WASHINGTON RLTY. RA. 3-S300
COLORED-I433 BELMONT NV.
. rms, kit, bath, heated, S72 80.
WASHINGTON RLTY. RA. $4,000
lCOLORED = 7IO MADISON ST.
| N.W.-Lovely modern 2 rms. kit,
wHsHINdToN RLTY, RA. 3-s506
C0LoRED-DESIRABLE APIS.
Newly decorated: kitchens and pvt
Al N st. NV, . rms. -S65
lI5 Ne" YORK ave- NV 2 gao so
i246 sth st. NV. / rm., sh.
cali I'm Mr.. DAVIS Ewes, CO. 5.SsIS SV;IS
WASHINGTON HOUSING CORP.
MA. SASS 93l H ST. NV
Evening star., 1960-06-28
COOP APIS. FOR SALE

Mr.. CONN. AVE. - Col. rd., 18th.
Spacious newly dec. . bedrms =,
liv. rm., lge. kit, foyer, bath.
Upkeep $50 mo. Priced to sell
settling estate. Box 76-H Star.
Evening star., 1960-06-28

Newly decorated in quiet. adult
elev. bldg. at end Of Mt. Pleasant
shopping. See janitor in building.
DU. 7-21SO. II. @. SMITHY CO.,
Evening star., 1960-06-28
PERFECT

Ant and services for the dlscrimi-
mating. lOOes air cond., beautifully
furn incl linen, cooking uten;
sec .-serv., ETC., garage, TV aVaii
HILLTOP HOUSE. corner 18th st
1875 Euclid NV Embassy Row
central loc. at park, HU 3-3402
QUE ST. NV. 1745-Attr. enc.
adjoining bath; lge. TV, refgr.
linens, etc.; quiet home; S12 wk
ROCK CREEK PARK AREA-Nice.
ly furn. 2-rm. apt; utils., neal
bus and stores. 500 mo. AD. 4.
1858. WO. 6-694l.
ST Sc, 24OO-Tastefull furn
arm. apt. in Hillcrest area, mod
apt, bldg, conv. to transp. ant
Ehnns LII 1-oh13.
Evening star., 1960-06-28
APTS. FURMlSnED-VA.

ADMIRALTY APIS. - Luxury-type,
> bedrms.: off-st. parking; freshly
decorated; modern furn.; air cond.
permitted; close in, mr.. bus; S140,
incl utils Ia h-l654
Evening star., 1960-06-28
ARL. N, vA.-3-bedrm rambler in
unaA1and Aerac

UPPER RK. CRK. PIX. AREA, D. C..
TAKE YOUR PICK-PRICE RANGE
xOnn Tn Gp-E
Papago Indian news., 1960-07-01

u
Plans additions thar
o
be reality
h hape
Of Ii the
of
vest school along
nrs
b O. the
enc o
for homes nd homes.
the Ma
In
Page
Evening star., 1960-01-23
TODAY'S WEATHER REPORT

district and vicinity-Vari-
able cloudiness and continued
cold tonight with low near 26;
fair and continued cold tomor-
row.
.Virginia-Fair and cold to-
night and tomorrow except for
occasional cloudiness and some
Chance of snow flurries in the
mountains; low tonight 20 to
25 in the eastern portion and
10 to 20 in the interior; small
craft warnings displayed.
: Maryland Partly cloudy
and cold tonight and tomorrow
with snow f1urries likely in the
mountains; lows tonight l8 to
~ except 10 to 18 in noun
tains; highs tomorrow 25 to 80
ins the mountains and in the
3gs elsewhere; small craft
Warnings displayed.
Lower Potomac and Chesa-
peake Bay-Partly cloudy with
northwesterly winds in gusts
up~to 80 miles per hour to-
night; winds 10 to 20 miles
perhour tomorrow; small craft
warnings displayed; visibility
10 miles.
Evening star., 1960-01-23
AirIiner Circles
For Two Hours,
Lands Safely

PITTSBURGH, Jan. % (AP).
An Eastern Airlines four
engine Constellation, with q
passengers and three crew
members aboard, landed safely
today after circling the Greater
Pittsburgh Airport for more
than two hours with apparent
Landing gear trouble.
Airline officials said the
plane landed without incident
and that there were no injuries.
The landing strip had already
been foamed in case of q pos
sible emergency landing.
An airlines spokesman said
the malfunction was not in the
landing gear itself but rather in
the cockpit signal lights which
indicate whether the landing
gears are down.
The plane started circline
the airport about 6 am. It was
en- route from Miami, Fla, to
Pittsburgh.
Eastern identified the com.
mander Of the plane as Capt
Tom Davis. The other pilot
was Marty Gould. Other crew
members were H. Fell, flight
engineer, Howard Schwartz, q
purser, and Miss Marty Thel
stewardess. All were stationed
at Miami.
Evening star., 1960-01-23
Mrs. julian Frank
Taken From Train
To Hospital

CHARLESTON, S. c., Jan. %
(AP).-Mrs. Julian A. Frank,
whose husband was one of "a
persons killed in a plane crash
January 6, was to undergo sur
gerry here today following a
miscarriage.
Mrs. Frank, lovely 32-year-
old former model. was removed
from a New York to Florida
train early Friday after suffer-
ing the miscarriage.
An attorney from Baker Me-
mortal Hospital here said Mrs.
Frank was in serious condition.
She is an extremely i'll young
woman" he said.
Mrs. Franks husband, a 32-
year-old Westport, Conn.,, law
yer, died in the crash of q
National Airlines plane near
Bolivia. N. c.. January 6.
Mrs. Frank is very dis
traught over the loss of her
baby. She feels she is being
oppressed" said the hospital
attorney.