davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-07-06
JOSEPH A. BEAVERS,
ALBERT L. DUNLAP. Fin. secy.

KELSoN, WILLIAM n. A special conn
q munication Of John F.
IN Cook Lodge. No. 10, p, a.
IN 4. M, PHA. is called for
M mo 9:46 am. Friday, July 8,
INK 1860, at the Masonic Tenn
W. pie, 10th and You SITS.
NV, for, the purpose OF
conducting Masonic burial Services
Ior our late past master and past
grand junior warden, Brother WILL
LIAM H KELSON. Funeral sery-
ices at 1880 am. at the Asbury
Methodist Church. 11th and K sts.
Cemetery
FRANK CUNNINGHAM. W. M.
Evening star., 1960-07-06

day. July :, 1860. RosAL1E c.
DOUGLASS of 45i9 Kansas ave,
NV, mother of Mrs. Willie B. Hol-
loway and grandmother of Isaac
Daniels. She also is survived by
one niece. Mrs. Edna g. Smith. and
other relatives and friends. After
3 pm. Wednesday, July 8, friends
may call at the Frazier Funeral
Home, $50 Rhode Island ave. NV,
where services will be held on
THURSDAY, July z. at 1880 pm,
Evening star., 1960-07-06

RAIDER, KATIE L, On Tuesday, July
5. 1860. at Doctors Hospital, KATIE
L. RAIDER OF 5l7S Eastern ave,
ne, beloved wife Of Charles F.
Rader. sr;, and mother OF Mrs.
F. RAIDER, ir. she also is survived
BY hve grandsons. two brothers,
Marshall and Walter j. fIogue, and
three sisters, Mrs. Ethel M Payne,
Mrs. Julia A. Mcneil and Mrs
H. Hines Co. Funeral Home. 2a0I
4th ST. NV. on Thursday, July
z, at 2 pm. (parking facilitiesr
lnterment Fort Lincoln Cemetar1 q
Evening star., 1960-07-06
HILDA BREEZE, Councillor.
EFFIE S. MOHLER. Rec. Secy

HARRISON, WILLIAM ]. On Monday,
ave. NV, WILLIAM j. HARRISON,
the beloved brother of Mrs Agnes
M. Neumann. He also is survived
by six nieces. Friends may call at
the Lee Funeral Home, 4th st. and
Mass. ave. ne. where services will
be held on Thursday. July z, at /
pm. Interment Fort Lincoln Gene
Evening star., 1960-07-06
DFatha

BUTLER, WILLIAM HENRY. on Sat-
aeorses s HOS Hospital. WILLIAM Will HENRY FiSPSYs
BUTLER Of 1921 Livingston rd. Sc.
brother Of James Butler. He also
leaves to mourn his passing, three
and friends. Remains resting at the
John 7. Rhines g. Co. Funeral Home,
3Ol5 18TH st. ne, where friends
may call after pm. Wednesday,
July 8, and where the rosary will be
repose Of his soul II viii s'S Be- ceieSrste led
at st. Ignatius Catholic Church,
Oxon Hill. Md. on Thursday, July
at 9 am. Interment church
COGGINs. ELLA LOUISA. On Tues
day. July 5. 1850. ELLA LOUISA
coGGINs OF the Methodist Home.
1901 Connecticut ave. NV. Serv-
Ssy. @ July yh acre az hOme s On IntermsSt rnSTst
Woodlawn csmstery, Baltimore, Nd.
COLE; 1dso JOIN; 2aH,n on, on s SUNDAY, July 2,
ne. Surviving are four stepcbii-
dren, Mrs. Mabel YourE. Miss LIZ
Ian Thompson, william and Montel
Thompson. Notice Of funeral later.
Arrangements by the PalmGr Fu-
neral Home, 412 H st. ne.
July 2, 1860, ROLAND DOUGLASS.
He Is survived by q devoted wife,
Matte Douglass: six children,
Woodard, Cobb, Leroy, Rosa Lee
and Roland Douglass. jr.. and Mary
Counts. Hattie Davis, JAMIE Cam
non and Marion Douglass; a brother.
Smith Douglass, and many other
relatives and friends. Friends may
call at the w H. Bacon Funeral
Home, 1929 9TH st. NV, on Wednes-
day. July 6, after 5 pm. where
services will De held on Thursday,
July z. at pm. the Rev. c. H.
Hamilton ofdciating. Interment
Harmony.
Evening star., 1960-07-06
kEMLsoN, Ms6I WILLIAM =; tKNG). On

n.
Monday, July 4, 1860, at the United
states Naval Hospital, WILLIAM II.
lkINGl KELSON of 739 Irving ST
Nv, beloved husband Of Marearet
Fey kelson and sor Of the late
son. Also surviving are daueh-
yer, Mrs. .Rubye Jean Terry; his
sisters and brothers, Mrs. LAURA
Minor James Wesley. ir., and Rer-
and Clifton Shiders; hts rlieces
ana nephews and ether rela-
tiyes and many friends. After 4
Pm; Thursday. July 4, friends are
Funeral Home. $50 9th 81 ,1iTe nW
Ihe remains will lie in state at
the Asbury Methodist Church, l1th
snd K sts. NV, on, Friday, July
services will be held at II:30 am
the Rev. J. D. Foy oficiating In,
terment Arlington National Ceme-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-20

the emerging nations is insati-
able. They will, quite literally,
read anything available. Both
the Communist bloc and we have
recognized this. A substantial
share of bloc books are designed
for overseas consumption, writ
ten in the vernacular and aimed
at specific audiences. The official
number is around A million an
nually, but by a number of de-
vices the bulk Of Communist books
in the free world is much higher.
Our United States Informa-
ton Agency. working with a lin
tied budget. has managed to put
out an increasing number of
books for foreign consumption.
but their total last year was just
short Of million.
The mountains of Communist
books are distributed throughout
the world by a barely visible, but
highly efficient mechanism.
The heart of the system is the
Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga in Mos
COW and the Guozi Shudian in
Peking. Roughly translated these
phrases mean international Book
Store" and they are precisely
that. These quiet monoliths
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-20

Soviet as q Colonial Power

are entitled to secede from the
Soviet Union.
The first claim is historically
inaccurate, while the second pat
emily misleading.
Following the October 1917
counter revolution, Lenin pro-
claimed. for purely tactical rea-
sons, the right of all peoples Of
Russia to self-determination. New
ertheless. the independent states
set up by the Ukrainians, Byelo-
Russians, Armenians. Azebaijafais,
Georgians and others were brutally
suppressed by Lenin once the Rus
sian republic was secured. Ever
since, in typical colonial fashion,
they have been economically plum
dered, and related to producing
raw materials and semi-processed
goods, with their ancestral inSti-
buttons smashed and their self
government a sham.
The Captive Notions
AS for the status of the captive
nations of Eastern Europe, there
can be no more fitting description
than the one Khrushchev has used
in regard to the western colonies:
There the complete arbitrary
rule of the foreigners reigns
supreme. People of the colonial
countries have not only been de-
prived Of the right to indie
pendence and self-government,
but their national and human
feelings and dignity are insulted
and f1outed at every step. The
foreign monopolies pump out of
the colonies all that is valuable,
barbarically plumber the wealth
by means of merciless exploita-
ton"
The wealth of the new Soviet
colonies has been plundered by
the greatest foreign monopoly
ever-the Soviet state. At least
$25 billion were pumped out of
them under Stain. In four
year period. from 1855 to 1858,
the new colonies have lost $2.3 bill
lion because the Soviet Union has
charged them higher prices for
Soviet exports than it has charged
to it's Western trading partners,
and has paid for goods imported
from the new colonies lower prices
that it had paid to Western
sellers of identical goods.
Moreover, exploitation is now
being followed by systematic int
grafton which is but another name
for economic incorporation into
the Soviet Union.
North American Newspaper Alliance)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-20

papers do run small amounts of
advertising. generally announcing
cultural events. Another popular
form Of advertising is the section
of some papers devoted to legal
divorce notices. To get a divorce,
the aggrieved spouse must have
such notice printed. and for
this reason. many divorces are
often delayed because Of a scare
ity of available newspaper space.
All newspapers in the Soviet
Union. whether national or local,
are owned by some organization,
be it the Communist Party. the
state government, trade unions,
or some professional group. In
addition. some newspapers, such
as Komsomolskaya Pravda (the
20s) and Pionerskaya Pravda
(children) are aimed at certain
age groups.
Propaganda Purpose
Despite these differences, all
papers have the same purpose
in Lenin's words-"to act not only
as a collective propaganda and
collective agitator, but also as a
collective organizer"
AS part of this function, the
press often acts as sharp critic
Of Soviet society. Although there
is no record of a paper even
family criticizing an action of the
party or Of, the government, the
newspapers often attack poor
management of factories, ineffi-
cient bureaucratS, poor quality
consumer goods, and other such
weaknesses that are not directly
attributable to the top.
These crusades are often spurred
on by letters to the editor.
Some papers such as 1zvestia
claim to receive as many as 1000
letters day from disgruntled
readers. The newspaper is one
place Soviet citizen can let off
Steam-Within a certain area, of
course. No one would think of
signing his name to a letter at
lacking Khrushchev or Lenin.
The greatest propaganda cam
paign is lost if no one reads it,
and for that reason, typographical
reforms have been, and are con-
stantly being introduced to make
Soviet papers look more attrac-
tive. In addition, features of
type usually associated with the
West have reared their ugly heads.
Sensational first person stories
such as Il Was Baptist Minis
ter" against, religion), and II
Was an American Spy" have been
published, and even lurid crime
stories have run, ostensibly to
prove the effectiveness of Soviet
police tracking down their man.
Despite these innovations, visi-
tors to the Soviet Union are often
told by Soviet citizens that they
tend to skip the propaganda in
the first two pages of the paper
and read the lighter features in
the back.
Premier Khrushchev is we'll
aware of this, and in speech to
the All-Union Conference of
n Journalists last year said There
is still very much dizziness in our
papers. Sometimes you pick up a
: paper, you glance through it, and
you lay it aside. and then, you do
not remember what was in it."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-20
The Contents Of a Typical Issue Of Provdo

a tendency to publish faithfully
social and economic forces" in
action. These forces" vary very
little from day to day. and always
serve the ends of the Soviet state.
On Inside Pages
On this particular day, the
disregard for news stories was
shown in the scant details given
Nedelin's death. The social
forces" at work were the con-
tinuation of the drive to indoc-
trinate the countryside with the
goals of communism.
Other major" stories in Pravda
that day, page by page. followed
the same general kind of policy.
This is the way they ran:
PAGE THREE: An article
urging better party organization
in the countryside: excerpts from
letters by old Bolsheviks about
Leninism; an article stressing
conservation of natural resources,
and a feature praising a factory
shop which overfulflled its
planned goals.
PAGE FOUR: The entire page
was devoted to articles praiSing
Latin Americans who are anti
American. The page had a ban
ner reading, Latin America un-
dertakes the Fight for Freedom"
Cuba was given the featured
place of honor, and the lead
article was headed, 1.-THE Ex-
ample of Cuba is Inspiring" It
was written by Jacobo Arbenz.
the deposed former head Of the
pro-Communist Guatemala gov
eminent. There was a photograph
of Cuban crowd with the words
Cuba 81, Yanquis No" promi-
nently shown, as we'll as a car
toon of a peasant kicking puny-
looking Uncle Sam.
PAGE FIVE: AS usual this page
was devoted to foreign affairs,
and given featured position was
a speech by Vladimir zorin. So
Wet delegate to the United Ma
tions. The headline Of the story
read, Western Powers Do Not
Want Fruitful Discussion of Dis
armament" The second lead dis
cussed the situation in the Congo
and the United States was bitterly
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-20
Russia's SubtIest Campaign: The One for Mems Minds

q pro-Communist village. Chill
dren of 10 or II years read the
the comic books to their illiterate
elders at night. The new school,
teacher uses the words imperial
ism" and "colonialism" and
peoples democracy" without no
ton that they are loaded.
The tiny, humid, over-crowded.
noisy, under equipped school
rooms of Southeast. Asia are the
thin capillaries of the pulsing
main artery of Communist propa-
ganda which begins in Moscow
and Picking. No one village by it
self is decisive, but multiplied
million times they may well be
like plankton in the sea each
particle Is invisible, but they give
the sea it's color and character.
The USIA Is Trying
The United States Information
Agency, the Government branch
responsible for Americas image
overseas, is not unaware of the
powerful strides that the Com
munist bloc is taking in the dis
tribution of books to school chill
dren and other groups. Their
conception of what should be done
is often sharp and clear and in
many instances the USIA does a
superb job. In some cities in
Burma and Japan and Thailand,
the USIA has, by fortunate
combination of the right person
and the right situation, almost
been equal to the overpowering
weight of simple Communist bulk.
But simple economics and num-
bers have vitiated even the most
inventive of USIA officials. The
USIA is caught in the awful
pressures of public apathy and
congressional criticism. The COM
ment which Ernest K. Lindley. a
conspicuous friend of the Ameri-
can propaganda effort overseas,
made in 1855, still holds today.
"It (the USIA) has been concen-
trating on activities which arouse
a minimum of criticism from
touring Congressman" 1t is a sad.
but hard. fact that congressman
are not always the best judges Of
the enormous subtleties and pres
sures of propaganda overseas.
Even more important, however,
than congressional approval is
the awareness of the broad Ameri-
can public. Until there is a wide
spread realization that the war
of the textbooks might be every
bit as critical as the war Of the
missiles, there is not likely to be
much change in Americas propa-
ganda posture overseas.
tcopyright. 1860. by the Associated Press)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-20

have thousands of contracts in
scores of free world countries for
the distribution of books.
In Russia and China literally
hundreds of publishing houses
work full time supplying books
written in Urdu. japanese, Kurd-
ish. Hindi. Indonesian, Thai, Ben
gall, Chinese, English, French.
Cambodian the list Is as long
and exotic as the spectrum of
languages spoken in the modern
world. No stable linguistic group
is overlooked.
Beautifully Produced Books
These books are not crude
tracts on Marxist-Leninist poll
tics. Many of them are beauti-
fully produced. Some are nom
political. In Burma. for example,
one can buy Communist transla-
tions of Huckleberry Finn, an ex-
cellent technical book on regime
and treatment of pulmonary tu-
berculoSis patients" or an ex-
quisitely bound copy of a luxury
art book.
For a book fair in Indonesia,
the Chinese Communists featured
a book entitled Paintings from the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-20

criticized for trying to set up
"puppet governments" Other arti-
cles, each no more than two
inches long, included a cable from
New York praising Soviet steel
production. an article from Buda-
pest, two from Havana, and one
from Mexico City all attacking the
United States. In addition, there
was short article from Paris
reporting agitation against con-
tinuing the Algerian War.
PAGE SIX: This page is usually
devoted to non-political pieces,
such as sports news and cultural
reviews. A column, Diary of the
Arts. reviewed favorably a Bull
garian capella choir, feleton
attacked Australian banning of
Soviet books from school libraries,
and a short article discussed a
recent snow fall in Moscow. At
the bottom of the page was found
the daily radio, television and
theatre guide for Moscow.
Short on News
It can be seen that only few
stories could be classified, in
Western terms, as news" Only
zorin's speech in the U. N. would
have got anywhere the same COW
erage that it received in Russia.
The other stories, by and large,
had such obvious political slants
that they would have been labeled
editorials by most Western editors.
That days, edition was fairly
typical for Pravda, but Pravda
is not typical of all papers in
the Soviet Union.
Latest Soviet figures reveal that
1885 newspapers are published
there, ranging from Pravda, the
official organ of the Central Com
mittee of the Party with a daily
circulation of 6 million, published
in IS cities on mats flown from
Moscow to smaller local papers
which are published weekly. PRAY
da is obliged to publish space
consuming texts of speeches and
resolutions, while local papers can
use Tass summaries instead.
Pravda contains no advertising,
and sells for 20 or 80 kopeks g or
3 cents) depending on whether it
is four or six pages, but local
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-20

the Communist party and are
proud Of their independence.
A number Of Asian countries.
appalled, at the sheer bulk of
Communist propaganda flowing
across their borders. have banned
such importations. However, the
device of local publishing houses,
using local currency, local workers
and local presses is perfectly legal.
The Asian governments are aware
that. in effect, they have a for
eign subsidized press in their
country which completes on so
ruthless basis that no legitimate
publisher can survive. But there
is little they can do about it,.
Who are the consumers of this
flood Of Communist propaganda?
Why would a Buddhist or Mus
linn or Christian or Sikh buy such
books? Not only their religion. but
their nationalist pride wars with
the notion of Communist import
ed propaganda. They yield for the
rawest economic reasons.
Take, as an example, the case
of Chula Dali, who is a school,
teacher in one Of the countries
carved out Of o-China after
World War II. He is a small,
1.-the. well-muscled man and very
intelligent. He is also intensely
anti-Communist. The affectionate
name for him in his village is
something like Guru. a person who
is learned and well-respected;
somewhere between a little god and
a big human.
The Cose Of O Teacher
Recently Chula came to the cap
ital of his country to search for
some additional books for his viii
lage school. The books that the
central government supplied were
excellent, but under the twin as
sault of humidity and children's
eager fingers they quickly crum-
bled away. Chula's assignment was
simple: He was to buy 80 text
books for the 80 students in his
village school. He had collected
the equivalent of $3.50 from the
village elders for the books and
an additional rs cents for his per-
Sonal expenses.
The capital city was like most
such cities in Southeast Asia. It
had q number of book stores, but
the books were very expensive,
10, IL cents each.
For Chula the prices were sim
ply impossible. He prowled the
book stores in the depths of
despair.
On his third day in the capital
he wandered into a neat little
bookshop stacked high with crisp
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-20
BY BRUTUS COSTE

NEW YORK.-As was to be ex-
pected. Nikita Khrushchev. duti-
fully f1anked and echoed by his
retinue of quislings. has been
impersonating the twin roles of
champion of self-determination
and nemesis of colonialism.
Ironically, the spokesman of the
West in the United Nations once
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-20
BY BERNARD GWERTZMAN
Star stan Writer

On October 26. Pravda carried
the following brief announcement
at the bottom of its first page:
1.-THE Central Committee of the
Communist Party with deep
sorrow, announces that on Oc-
tober "a while on official duty.
the Chief Marshal of the Artillery,
Mitrofan I. Nedelin. was killed in
an air catastrophe"
Since Marshal Nedelin had
charge of all Soviet rocketry, his
death probably stirred up consid-
cradle interest, and yet, in typical
fashion, the Soviet press did not
disclose any further information
about the catastrophe"
It is still not known in what
kind of plane he was flying, where
the accident took place. or any
of the other details that would
have been integral parts of any
news story published outside the
Iron Curtain.
On the same day, moreover, in
contrast to the scanty mention
of Nedelin's death, no less than
two large front page stories, and
all of page two of the normal
six-page edition, were devoted to
ways Of increasing cultural activ-
tiles in the countryside. In Soviet
Technology, this meant increas-
ing Communist activity among
the rural population.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-20

United Nations to devote at least
as much attention to the present
and more virulent form of colo
nialism, that practiced with ut
most ruthlessness by the Soviet
Union, as it has been devoting to
its Western counterpart.
The fact is, however, that the
new and rampant Soviet colonial
ism is all but absent from the con-
Germ of the world organization.
A Blurred Concept
This lack of concern stems
largely from blurred concept OF
colonialism. In the first place,
Communist propaganda has sue
ceeded in identifying colonialism
exclusively with the domination of
so-called capitalist countries over
alien, overseas areas and peoples.
There is, of course, no necessary
relationship between capitalism"
and "colonialiSm." The true. ear
mark of a colony is its origin
conquest by force and its subordi-
nate status vis-a-vis the conquer
ing power.
In the second place, Commu-
mist deception has been at work.
The Czarist colonial possessions
have been camouflaged into IA
nom Russian constituent republics,
Is so-called autonomous republics,
10 autonomous territories and 10
nationality districts.
The new, post-World War II
colonies have been disguised as
fully sovereign and independent
peoples democracies."
The Inherited Colonies
Regarding the Czarist colonial
empire, both Lenin and Stain
admitted that it had been es-
tablished and maintained by Rus
sian bayonets. While recognizing
this origin of the present nom
Russian republics and territories,
numbering "a million non-Rus-
slams, As per cent of the Soviet
population, Khrushchev tried to
justify-in his UN speech-their
continued incorporation in the
USSR.
He said that under the socialist
dispensation they achieved great
economic and cultural progress.
and this has changed their past
subordination into partnership.
Khrushchev's other arguments
were that the non-Russian re-
publics have freely exercised their
right to self-determination and