davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-02-14

GEORGE and Martha Washington
" would have needed a new set of
furniture and furnishings once a week
TO have owned all the effects traced
back to them by romantic legend.
There are, of course, thousands of
fully authenticated possessions of that
famous couple and their contempt
raries in existence for the edification
ofthe modern age.
But with many items Of antique as
sertions, separating fact from fiction
through the mists of couple of cen
turtles is knotty and sometimes dis
appointing aspect of acknowledgements
museum life.
The history-conscious Daughters of
the American Revolution have one of
the largest collections of the decorative
arts of the Colonial and early Federal
era-one frequently overlooked by the
Washington sightseer.
Mrs. Ashmead White, OAR president
general, estimates that 80 per cent of
the objects have been gifts. Many came
from OAR members to whom they were
handed down through their families.
The museum. with the spirited ad-
dress of l776 D street NV, has been
growing since the founding of the So
ciety in 1890 II now has about 10000
items.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-02-14

Great care is exercised in authenti-
eating the collections. Old wills, inven-
tories and other family papers are good
sources of information when they exist
Other clues lie in the historic facts Of
cabinet making.
Curator Frank E. Klapthor has in
his office, for instance, table which
came to the museum some years ago
cloaked in the pretty legend that George
and Martha Washington had their wed.
ding breakfast on it.
But the cold, hard light of fact made
it clear that the WashingtonS were dining
at some celestial board before the table
was even made.
We would be only too happy if we
could prove some of these historic con.
nections," says Mr.. Klapthor. But too
often, people believe what they want to
believe"
There is a cornucopia wall vase in
the Washington cabinet which came to
the museum with a history of having
been given by Martha Washington to
a contemporary, and of having been used
at the first Presidents tomb.
The vase was definitely of the correct
period, and there is a record Of cornu.
copia vases on an inventory Of Mount
Vernon. But the Martha Washington
CONTINUED
R Museum is q Continental uniform
Evening star., 1960-03-13

them to mail a letter for him on
the way home. The envelope
contained the lyrics for When
Irish Eyes Are Smiling" which
he had dashed of in less than
three hours.
II never wrote another song
that fast. although I've published
more than 400." Graf admits.
Ball did the music next morning.
We may have changed a word or
two to fit the melody, but it was
ready for Olcott to put into re-
hearsal that afternoon. 1t had
to be-"
Olcott stopped the show with
the number and later came out
with a record Of it, but it failed
to catch on.
I'm less than three years." says
Graf. ut was dead, stone dead.
Then a funny thing happened.
They began singing it over in Ire
land and the immigrants brought
it back with them. I was
astonished one day to hear some
Irish workers singing 1t on the
deck Of the College Point IN. "
ferry. Soon John Mccormack
was singing 1t at his concerts and
made a recording Of it. All Of a
sudden we had q hit on our
hands"
Evening star., 1960-03-13
By HUGH A. MULLIGAN
Associated Press Stan Writer

STROUDSBURG. Pa. Manys
the night as he lies in bed in his
hotel room here, George Graf will
be kept awake by the raucous
sounds of a party drifting up from
the ballroom below.
AS the party gets later and
louder, with the inevitable whisky
tenors bawling out the oldtime
songs, Mr.. Graf will be on the
verge of picking up the telephone
to complain to the desk clerk. But
then, as almost always happens,
someone will intone:
when Irish eyes are smiling,
Sure it's like morn in spring -"
The singing won't be very good,
but to Mr.. Graf 1t will sound as
glorious as the great John Nc
Cormack himself. With beatific
smile on his face and maybe just
the trace of tear, Mr.. Graf will
roll over and sleep the sleep Of
sweet contentment.
George Graft just can't help
smiling whenever he hears when
Irish Eyes Are Smiling" You see,
he wrote the words to that song
nearly a half century ago and
lived to see 1t become the most
popular Irish song ever written.
Quite an accomplishment for a
Dutchman who has never been to
Ireland and doesn't have a drop
Of Irish blood in his background.
Still Gets Royalties
Mr.. Graf is going on IA now.
a spry, bouncy broth of a lad who
still writes songs, mostly of a re-
ligious nature these days, and
gets from $1,000 to $4,000 a year
in ASCAP fees and recording roy
alties from his all-time Irish hit.
1t was written in 1912 for a
Chauncey Olcott show called isle
o. Dreams" Olcott then was the
country's foremost Irish actor and
singer, starring in a series of SEN
timental comedies that extolled
the virtues of Irish country life.
Sometimes Olcott wrote these
plays himself and did all the
songs Other times he called in
outsiders. For Isle o. Dreams"
he hired Ernest Ball and George
Graf, new song writing team
that had just turned out Till the
Sands of the Desert Grow Cold"
a 22-million sale hit.
Ball, who did the music, was
born in Cleveland of German
parents; Graft, the lyricist, was
born in New York City of Dutch
and German stock. Both were
on the staff of M. Witmark &
Sons. a leading song publishing
house. but both had outside jobs;
Ball as relief pianist in q vaude-
Evening star., 1960-03-13
STORY BEHIND THE SONG
When Irish E yes Are Smi|ing...'

vile house. Graf as sales manager
OF a cutlery importing firm.
I was recuperating from an
appendicitis operation when some
one down at the Office spread the
rumor that I was dying" said
Mr.. Graf. MY sales force was
on the verge Of quitting so
called meeting to show them
was on the mend. We no sooner
got started than Julie Witmark
telephoned to ask about the final
song for the Olcott show. re-
cessed the staff meeting until 8
that night and hurried up to Wit
marks.
'Olcott was already there. He
suggested something about eyes.
maybe Irish eyes, but not, he
insisted, mothers eyes. He was
death on the word mother in q
song title, although later he and
Ernie Ball had a tremendous hit
in Mother Machree.' I already
had Irish and eyes. The rest was
easy"
A Three Hour Job
It was 5 o'clock when Mr..
Graf left the Witmark office.
Promptly at 8 he met again with
his sales staff. talked them out
Of quitting and asked one of
Evening star., 1960-03-13
BY Benz PRICE
Associated Press stan Writer

The present controversy over
defense policies involves a funda-
mental question:
Is the United States running
grave risks through its continued
reliance on manned bombers as
an atomic deterrent force instead
of converting more rapidly to
missiles?
In question-and-answer ses-
sion with this writer, Gen.
Thomas D. White, Air Force Chief
of Staff, made clear his conviction
that the Air Force will continue
to rely on manned bombers as a
major weapon for the foreseeable
future.
Ultimately, the general believes,
the United States arsenal will
contain both intercontinental bal
listic missiles QCBM's) and
manned aircraft-more missiles
and fewer aircraft.
AS for the present. Gen. White
contends that the Strategic Air
Command can do its job-destroy
any aggreSsor.
The interview:
@. General, I have heard the
Air Forces reluctance to give up
manned bombers compared to the
Navy's reluctance to downgrade
battleships before World War II.
Is there a reluctance on the part
of the Air Force to give up manned
bombers and substitute missiles,
or is this continued dependence
on manned bombers a result of
the missile shortage?
A. Well, there is indeed senti-
ment in the Air Force for the
flying machine, but that is not
the reason we need them. The
basic reason for our advocacy Of
the manned bombers is that it
has some unique characteristics.
One of the major ones is that you
can control the manned machine
after launching; whereas. once an
ICBM is launched you cannot
bring it back.
I would go you one further than
the analogy to the battleship. I
would go back to the cavalry. The
horse, think, was a product OF
the Eocene age, and I don't think
the horse improved its speed or
characteristics very much as a
fighting vehicle from that age up
to the time it disappeared from
modern military services.
On the other hand. the air.
plane first moved from 40 m.p.h.
to the sonic barrier, say about
600 m.p.h.; then we moved
through the sonic barrier and we
are now able to go out to about
mach "a (about 1900 m.p.h0
where we run into the heat
barrier. Now we have the ability
to go through this heat barrier
and the potential Of manned air
craft still appears to be unlimited.
Moeinot Line Approach?
@. have heard it argued that
however mobile the Air Force
may appear to be, its continued
dependence on fixed airbases and
the construction of fixed missile
bases represents Maginot Line
approach to defense. How would
you answer such an argument?
A. would answer it this way:
A majority of our interconti-
mental ballistic missile launchers
will be on permanent sites. There
is no practicable way. or certainly
no economical way. to make the
big ones, the first generation
ICBM's such as the liquid-fueled
Atlas and Titan. mobile. There
are advantages to fixed sites that
Evening star., 1960-03-13

criminal offense for any Federal
worker to accept gifts, gratuities
or favors from persons seeking to
influence his official actions.
The House Commerce Commit
tee, parent group of the Legislative
Oversight Subcommittee whose in
vestigations toppled both Mr..
Doerfer and Mr.. Adams from their
jobs, opens hearings this week on
a bill sponsored by its chairman,
Oren Harris, Democrat of Arkan-
sas. 1t would forbid employees of
any regulatory agency from ac-
cepting gifts, favors or unusual
hospitality" from anyone with a
financial interest in a proceeding
involving the employe.
Either of the two proposals
would apparently be broad enough
to cover a case such as that of
Mr.. Doerfer, who spent six nights
last month as guest aboard the
yacht Of George B. Storer. presi-
dent of the Storer Broadcasting
Co. Since the licenses of all IL
Of his radio and TV stations must
be renewed every three years, Mr..
Storer had continuing financial
interest in FEC decisions.
Legislative Action
The present mood of Congress
seems to favor the prospects for
eventual legislative action of some
sort, but the record of the past
decade is not encouraging. The
ethics-in-Government issue has
f1ared and subsided a half dozen
times since l949. when the 5-per-
center inquiry broke the first of
Evening star., 1960-03-13
Question of Ethics Of Government Employees:
Committee to Try to Write Specific Rules

standard for his new administra-
tion with declaration during the
Nixon expense fund furor in the
1852 campaign that his running
mate must come out clean as a
hound's-tooth."
The late Harold E. Talbot, who
resigned as Air Force Secretary in
1855 after charges of soliciting
private business, was the first ma
jor victim Of the hounds tooth"
policy. The Dixon-Yates contract,
cancelled after an influence" con-
troverSy, and the resignation Of
Edmund F. Mansure as General
Services dr. dministrator after
charges of favoritism in awarding
a Cuban nickel contract created
further embarrassment to the Pres
ident the same year.
The Adoms Affoir
But these and other ethical
crises in the Eisenhower admin
istration paled in political signifi-
canoe beside the case of Sher-
man Adams, White House chief
of staff" His indiscretions
brought down the wrath of fell
low Republicans fearful of pub
lie reaction in the 1858 elections.
Mr.. Adams acknowledged receiv-
ing gifts, included the celebrated
vicuna coat, from New England
industrialist Bernard Goldflne. His
resignation was accepted reluc-
family by Mr.. Eisenhower.
More recently Pentagon VIPs
have been the target of free
loading charges involving COM
panies doing business with the
Government. House investigators
disclosed in December that Gen.
Nathan F. Twining, chairman Of
the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and
more than 80 active or retired
Defense Department officials had
been non-paying guests of the
Martin Co. at a resort club in
the Bahamas.
One of the complications in
stirring congressional enthusiasm
for a campaign to uplift Govern
ment ethics is the vulnerable posi-
ton of the lawmakers them
selves. Many members of Con-
gress accept gifts and campaign
contributions from firms or or
ganizations with a direct inter-
est in influencing their legislative
views.
The late Senator Neuberger Of
Oregon was among those who
considered it incongruous for the
legislative branch to preach ethics
in Government while closing its
eyes to its own abuses.
I'VE are swatting at flies in.
stead Of draining the swamp" he
once said.
Evening star., 1960-03-13

you won't have with mobile sites.
One is greater accuracy. Second,
you can use a bigger missile with
a larger warhead. Third is the
matter Of economy. While we in
tend to make the Minuteman "a
solid-fueled ICBM) mobile, they
will be more expensive than the
fixed Minuteman sites.
To answer your question about
the Maginot Line approach:
Whether fixed or mobile. missiles
represent a counterattack ca
pability, not a static defense.
However. if we go to an all
missile deterrent, the psychology
cal effect of those holes in the
ground would be something like
a Maginot Line.
Our offense
@. The thought has been ad-
vanced that the fixed site, even
a hardened site underground
. concrete firing silos) invites a
heavier retaliation. In other
words, instead of firing a one
megaton bomb at an exposed soft
site. you fire a 25-megaton bomb
at hard site which, aside from
the military target. devastates
the surrounding area.
A. No. The size of the warhead
is more likely to be related to
the size of the missile and not to
the condition of the target. A
hardened site would have to be
hit by a surface burst which
would devastate much less sur
rounding area than an air burst
of the type suitable for use
against soft targets.
@. l gathered from a joint Fed
eral Aviation Agency-Air Force
announcement late last year that
the Air Force was going to set up
three low-level bombing ranges
for practice by the Strategic Air
Evening star., 1960-03-13
While TAXES LONG VIEW
H as the Manned Bomber a Future?

could be measured in days. It
might possibly last a couple of
weeks.
@. Can you foresee any recovery
capability on the part of either
nation which would allow them to
continue to fight?
A. I can only say that the
nation which has the best offense,
the best defense and an adequate
civil defense program is going to
come out relatively better off, but
what the relativity is going to be,
I could not measure.
EorIy Warning System
@. We have gone to consider
able trouble to establish a ballistic
missile early warning line. OF
what value is that early warning
system to our counterattack
capability?
A. If the only weapon we had
to respond to enemy attack were
ballistic missiles, and your warn
ing system went out, which it
might do from enemy attack or
mechanical failure-or natural
phenomena-you have only mo-
ments in which to decide what
is happening and what to do.
You wouldn't want to launch
your counterattack until you were
sure you were being hit. So, do
you wait until the enemys missiles
land, or do you automatically
strike back when your warning
system goes out? You begin to
see what kind of a box you get
in If you rely too much on bal
liStic missiles.
@. What would be your reaction
to a single research and develop
ment agency, similar to the Man.
haitian project agency which de-
veloped the atomic bomb, in which
military services and the civilian
scientists would state their re-
quirementS for missiles and then
leave it to the agency to develop?
A. The single research and de-
velopment agency idea has some
merit that I would not be opposed
to looking into. In fact, have
given it some thought. I am not
prepared to give a definitive con-
clusion yet. D.. One of the dangers
is that the developers would go
of in different direction from
what the people who will have to
use the weapon had in mind.
@. Do you buy the contention
that limited war, that is, any
thing short of an all-out nuclear
war, is more likely?
A. Certainly, the all-out war is
less likely, but it is one that is
quickly fatal If we don't deter it.
Compared to this threat. all
others, however important, are
secondary.
Air Force Needs
@ Department of Defense Of
flcials have said the BIO bomber
program was killed because other
weapons systems would overtake
the BIO before it became opera
tional. What is your feeling?
A. I can only say there will be
a requirement for manned air.
craft into the indefinite future.
Now what the opposing views are,
will not say in detail or speak
for anyone other than myself. The
regrettable thing is that many
people think the ICBM is going
to be the answer to all strategic
problems. 1t simply is not.
v. What military systems do
you think the Air Force will need
to perform in outer space for the
next five years? And do you think
outer space has a military signifi-
canoe?
Evening star., 1960-03-13

Command. I am wondering if this
indicated a familiarity with Soviet
defenses. which might make a
high-level attack almost impossi-
BILE? Wouldn't a low-level attack
be subject to the same intense de-
fense? And. along the same line,
has anybody ever calculated in
terms of the number of planes we
have. whether we could actually
launch these aircraft and get them
through the defenses in sufficient
numbers to carry out their
mission?
A. think I can give you an
answer that is not classified. We
need the diversity of tactics
which both high-level and low
level attacks give US. The enemy's
defense problem is much COM
plicated by that. For instance. if
we were sure he could not make
a low-level attack against us, we
"OGLN llOt lldNC W WILLY dUOuI
many elements of our air defense.
The same way with high
altitude attacks . I would point
out that just one weapon alone we
are adding-the air. -to-surface
missile-makes high-level attack
look even more worthwhile.
@. Can you get these aircraft
through in sufficient numbers?
A. We have the ability to pene-
trate the potential enemy defenses.
BY that I don't mean to say we
won't have losses. but the losses
won't be prohibitive.
@. Does the Air Force still con-
tend a thermometer war would
be over in a matter of days? I
have noticed the Russians do not
subscribe to this contention.
A. feel that the decisive phase
of general war will be over in a
relatively short time. Now, it
could be measured in hours, it
Evening star., 1960-03-13
Labor Act Works.
Slow but Firm

oroer TO CONFORM with provisions
of the law, some basic changes
were required. A number of locals
had to include provisions for Sc
cret ballots during elections and
in some cases the requirement for
elections themselves had to be
written into the rules.
Financial Statements
Union financial statements.
which do not have to be filed
until the close of the fiscal year.
have been coming in more slowly.
The department has created a
review process with the aid of the
General Accounting Office. State
ments to undergo the closest scru-
tiny will be those containing in
formation on union loans to Of
flcerS and outside business enter
prises along with salaries and
other miscellaneous disbursements.
Under the act, employers are
also required to file statements If
they lend money to union officials
or spend money to influence union
activities. Up to January 81. only
six employers had filed such re-
ports although some 10000 are
expected eventually to comply.
Employers are understood to be
baking at the extent and type of
information the Labor Depart
ment is requesting them to file.
Union officials who maintain
personal financial dealings with
employers, such as stock in COM
panies or association in other
enterprises, are also required to
file under the act. Through the
end of January only IL such re-
ports were received although esti-
mates on the number who may
file have run as high as 100000.
The main thrust" of the act,
according to Justice Department
officials is found in these report
ing sections and legal action
stemming from any false reports
won't be initiated for many months
as the reports are closely reviewed
and compared after their receipt.
To date, however. the act has
had significant effects on the
Nations unions.
loeoIs' Self Government
Faced with the requirement of
filing extensive information on
locals in trusteeship, parent unions
dissolved "a of them, giving self
government to the locals involved.
Some 500 trusteeships, however,
still remain.
James Hoffa. Teamster presi-
dent. announced publicly follow
ing the Presidents signing Of the
act that he had sent kilograms
to his locals removing from Office
the ex-convictS who fell under
section 504 Of the law. A private
Department of Labor report in
dicated that more than 100 Team
ster officials were suspended by
the Hoffa telegram although the
Teamsters themselves will admit
to only five.
A 14,000-member Illinois local
has been forced by its rank and
file members to publish all that
transpires in what were formerly
closed leadership meetings. At
tendance at the union meetings
themselves has so increased that
a larger meeting hall had to be
selected.
Says a Labor Department off,
cial charged with putting the act
into operation. Our impact on
unions will be tremendous-but
in the long run it will be the best
thing that could have happened
to them"
Evening star., 1960-03-13

A. There is no question in my
mind that outer space has mill
tary significance. The extension
of speeds and attitudes into outer
space is going to be a continuation
of the things we have been doing
in the Air Force for years-flying
higher and faster and carrying
heavier loads.
Reconnaissance is something
that can be done more readily and
more quickly from higher alti-
tudes. Detection systems such as
infra-red sensors, or a satellite,
can pick up heat manifestations
anywhere within its cone of OBJ
servation.
Communication can be greatly
improved by the use of satellites.
Weather forecasting, although not
strictly military-nor is commu-
nication-will have military ap-
plications.
Once unique military vehicles
exist in space. then you imme-
diately generate a requirement to
defend against them. That means
defensive weapons in space. So, it
seems to me, the progress of mill
tary requirements will follow the
same pattern it always has as we
have progressed higher and faster.
Present Danger Period
@. For some reason, many are
using the target date 1865 as a
sort of cutoff point in our present
danger period. If you were looking
ahead to 1865, what would you see
as the size and shape of the Air
Force?
A. First, let me clear up a point:
1865 is not cutoff point at all.
The years after 1865 may be more
or less dangerous, depending on
what we do now. I am sure the
Air Force in 1865 is going to be
composed of aircraft in very large
numbers. The number of bomb
ers in relation to the number Of
missiles will probably be lower.
In the fighter-interceptor air de-
fense field, I would not say for
sure that the manned aircraft
might not appear in larger num-
bers than it does under our pres
emily forecast air defense pro-
gram.
@. What would the reason be?
A. Because the ground-t -to-air
missile can only be used within
the environment of ground
warning and control system;
whereas, you can mount a self
contained early warning flying
radar as well as missiles in your
aircraft.
In the field of tactical air,
manned aircraft are going to be
in the inventory in considerable
numbers. That is because the
tactical air forces deal so much
with targets of opportunity. They
are so closely tied to the land
battle that I am sure missiles
are not going to replace aircraft
in this field as rapidly as they
will in the strategic field.
And, Of course, in airlift I do
not rule out the possibility that
we may move passengers some
day by ballistic missile, or some
adaptation of it. The airlift
forces, however, are going to be
composed of airplanes for many,
many years.
So, we are going to have
manned aircraft. We are going
to have ballistic missiles in
increasing quantities and in in
creasing ratio to manned stra-
tegic bombers, and we are going
to have a number of space sys-
TENS.