davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-03-27
Strictest 7 est Yet
On Sunday CIosings

Conservative Jews who observe
Saturday as the Sabbath. and to
the prejudice of the latter group.
1T is clear that by denying to
the plaintiffs the liberty to work.
shop, or pursue other secular
conduct on Sunday, the law puts
an economic penalty upon a per-
son observing as his Sabbath some
other day than Sunday, by depriv-
ing him Of the productive use Of
one further day of the week."
The finding that the constitu-
tional rights Of the shopper as
well as the shopkeeper are violated
by Sunday closing laws could be
extended to cover almost any COM
mercial activity in any State.
A major factor in the courts
opinion was the strict observance
Of the Jewish Sabbath by Ortho-
dox and many other Jews. It
pointed out that Jews must abb
stain from business and work Of
even the most trivial sort from
sundown Friday to sundown Sat-
urday. Sunday is the only day
that has the same advantages as
a shopping day for Jews that Sat-
urday has for other Americans,
the court noted.
Uninterrupted Labor
The Supreme Court has in the
past found ways to skirt the free
dom of religion issue on which the
Massachusetts court based its de-
cision. In an 1885 opinion it said:
Laws setting aside Sunday as
a day Of rest are upheld, not from
any right Of the Government to
legislate for the promotion Of
religious observance, but from the
right to protect all persons from
the physical and moral debase-
ment which comes from uninter-
rupted labors."
This is the day of rest" prin-
ciple on which most blue law de-
cisions have been based in the
courts. The argument is that Sum-
day laws are essentially civil
rather than religious in nature.
The Massachusetts court dis
carded this view. 1t traced the
States Lords Day" statutes from
their origin in the early Puritan
colonies and found that the reli-
gious motive had been dominant.
1t also cited the illogical hodge
podge of modern-day exceptions
to the Sunday closing laws in
holding that the day-of-rest argu-
ment did not stand up legally.
Many Exceptions Made
The multitudinous exceptions
made by most States to their blue
laws has probably deferred the
Supreme Court in recent years
from a closer examination of the
underlying constitutional issues.
1t is legal to dig bitches in
Massachusetts, on Sunday, and tc
dig for clans. But dredging for
oysters in forbidden. Beer, whis-
ky and ice cream can be sold ir
Maryland, but employees of ar
Anne Arundel County store were
arrested for selling floor wax,
loose leaf notebook and a toy
submarine. Virginia's new law
forbids sale of jewelry, silverware
clothing, furniture, appliances
cars, farm equipment, luggage
toys, garden supplies. pets, cam
eras, paints footware and china
1t also bans sale of food custom
arily cooked before it is eaten,
fine distinction certain to be sub
jected to court test.
The last major challenge Il
blue laws appealed to the Suprem
Court was dismissed without
hearing in 1851 on grounds tina
no substantial Federal question
was presented.
Evening star., 1960-03-27
THE FOREIGN SCENE

Verwoerd has carried the apar-
theid policy into every aspect Of
South African life. The Bantu
CNegroes) were to be separated
absolutely from the whites.
Forced resettlement of whole
communities uprooted thousands
Of families. Court reversals of
government DEGREES were over
come by legislation depriving the
courts of much power. ia
Every Bantu, under the law.
was required to carry a special
passbook at all times under pen
atty of arrest. Two Negro organi-
Zations-the Pan-Africanist Con-
gress and the African National
Congress-have been urging re-
sistance to the pass law. Last
Monday in Sharpeville and
Vereeniging, near johannesburg,
Negroes openly defied police and
invited arrest for discarding the
passbooks. In the riot that
followed. police bullets killed
nearly 80.
Evening star., 1960-03-27
Reudiest Force

Meanwhile, the Navy Marine
Corps amphibious team, backed
by carrier aircraft and poised near
the most likely trouble spots, re-
mains the Nations readiest limited
Evening star., 1960-03-27
BY ROBERT E. CLARK
star stan Writer


''Whereas it is the duty Of all
persons, upon the Lords Day,
carefully to apply themselves.
publicly and privately, to religion
and piety, the proclamation OF the
Lords Day is highly offensive to
Almighty God. :"
SO began one Of the hluest OF
the early blue laws, intended to
insure a pious and tranquil Sab
bath in the Puritan-dominated
colony of Massachusetts, in the
early 1700s. A later version, one
of the first laws adopted after
Massachusetts, became a State,
prescribed that Sunday should be
q day "for moral reflections and
conversation on the duties Of life,
and the frequent errors Of human
conduct"
The Sabbath, alas, is no longer
the oasis of tranquility intended
by the prudent Puritans. But
blue laws persist. Though much
watered-down from Colonial days,
they are once again on the resur-
gence in several States.
Virginia recently toughened its
blue laws to bar the Sunday sale
Of items ranging from fresh eggs
to automobiles. Maryland, Penn
sylanvia and Massachusetts, have
busted of old statutes and are
applying them with new vigor.
Sunday Sales Boom
The recent rash Of official con-
Germ over laws tnat have long
languished or the statute books
has been inspired by what is
widely viewed as a new assault on
the dignity of Americas tradi-
tional day of rest. The tougheaed
laws are aimed at the burgeoning
Sunday supermarket, the super
drug store expanding with each
new suburban shopping center and
the giant discount emporiums
which are a relatively late ar
rival on the Sunday scene.
Stiffening enforcement of blue
laws has brought a temporary
victory in some States for those
who prefer a Sabbath uncluttered
by commercialism. But it may be
a short-lived triumph.
a The constitutionallty Of blue
laws that may tread on freedom
of religion has not been subjected
to thorough Supreme Court scru-
tiny for over half century. But
the enforcement breakdown has
brought freshet of new legal ap-
peals. Three cases, challenging
laws in Massachusetts, Maryland
and Pennsylvania, are now before
the high court, which will rule
shortly on whether to grant
hearings.
The Massachusetts case is per-
haps the strongest threat evel
mounted to the blue laws which
wIthstood every serious cour
challenge in the past. In a ruling
which could imperil almost ever!
States Sunday laws unless i
is reversed by the Supreme Court
a three-man Federal court hell
that the State Of Massachusett
could not compel Kosher super
market in Springfield to close OF
Sunday.
The Dominant Sects'
In a 81 decision, the cour
said:
What Massachusetts has don
in this statute is to furnish specis
protection to the dominant Chris
tian sects which celebrate Sunda
as the Lords day, without furnish
ing such protection, in their re
ligious observances, to those Chris
tan sects and to Orthodox an
Evening star., 1960-03-27
World Protests

There were protests from all
over the world. The State Depart
ment issued a special statement
deploring the slayingS. The Vati-
can newspaper LOsservatore Ro-
mano condemned the shooting in
harsh terms. London and Paris,
Moscow and Berlin protested in
newspapers and in official quar-
ters as well. At the United Ma
tions, % nations of the Afro-ASian
bloc asked for a special meeting
of the Security Council to take
up the matter, and American
Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge.
this months chairman of the
Council, quickly granted the re-
quest. The Council will meet
Tuesday.
Although actual rioting ceased
after Tuesday, Negroes are con-
ducting a widespread and very
effective work stoppage. Thou
sands have walked off their jobs,
crippling docks. mines. services
and trade. Yesterday the govern
ment at Praetoria backed down on
the passes. There would be no
more arrests for pass violations,
it was announced. But Premier
Verwoerd's government also moved
to abolish the Pan-African Con-
gresS and the African National
Congress. Under the terms of leg
islation to be introduced in Par
lament tomorrow, all political or
ganizations of Africans will be
prohibited. A heavy Nationalist
Party majority in Parliament
makes passage of the bill assured.
Evening star., 1960-04-26
year are COMPARED below with 1859.
WoIfson Offers to Quit
Merritt-Chopmon, if

NEW YORK, April 26 (AP)
Merritt Chapman g. Scott
Corp. said today the second
quarter dividend would be con-
tinued at the current quarterly
rate, as recommended by Louis
Wolfson, president. The COM
pany pays 80 cents a share
quarterly.
Mr.. Wolfson made the sug-
gestion at a hectic annual
meeting yesterday. Earnings
of the company were esti-
mated at about 5 cents a share
for the first quarter against "a
cents last year.
At one point, when stock
holder criticism grew a little
heated, Mr.. Wolfson said, III
is easy to get rid of me-" He
then said he would resign il
his successor as chief execu-
tive put IS million in escrow.
Evening star., 1960-04-26
Employment

Employment and payrols of both private industry
Federal Government above year ago in March, ac-
cordng to data from the United States Employment Service
the Civil Service Commission and other agencies
Private firms employed 413OOO persons in March and
had payrols estimated at $158 These up per
cent and SIS per cent, respectively, from year ago.
Federal employment of 234 100 up per cent and
payros of $28550 900 81 per higher than year
earlier State and local had per cent more
employees and So per cent larger payrolS in March.
Despite the employment increases, a relatively low
unemployment total of 800 per cent above
ago. District jobleSs payments 38 per higher
hnlo with
Evening star., 1960-04-26
State Loan Registers
Shares for Options

State Loan and Finance Corp.
filed registration with the Secur-
tiles and Exchange Commits
sion covering 1922 additional
shares of Glass A common
stock, iSSuable upon exercise
of stock purchase warrants.
The prospectus states that
the company merged in Sep
tember, 1859, with Equitable
Credit Corp, which had out
standing warrants to purchase
$3.50 shares of its participating
preferred stock at various
prices. State Loan agreed to
issue one share of Glass A
upon exercise of warrants to
purchase each four shares of
the said preferred, with the
subscription price appropriately
adjusted. The exercise price
ranges from SIG to $24 a share.
Evening star., 1960-04-26

Then, if earnings within
three years don't reach So a
share, the person putting up
the money would forfeit it and
get out of the company, Mr..
Wolfson explained.
He said he issued this chal-
lenge to world beaters, invest
,ment brokers and others who
do a lot of talking about our
company"
Evening star., 1960-04-26
Financial indicators

Deposits of 48 banks were OF per cent above
year ago of March 15 with 82 cent Jump suburban
deposits than osetng 23 per cent lag in District
deposits.
The District deposit decline due in part change
in accounting which required elimination of items included
year earlier Net loans Of Washington banks 10
per cent above year ago.
District bank clearings only 04 per cent above
a year ago when there bank to exchange
checks More indicative of activity Washington banks debts
in the three months 53 per above year ago.
Invested savings of District savings and loan
tons were Ills cent above year earlier March 81
Evening star., 1960-04-26
Sales

Area department store sales surged forward as late
Easter rush compared with post-Easer sales year
earlier
Volume in four weeks ended April rose IA per cent
above after tagging per behind year ago in
the first three months of the year. Sales the year through
April 16 were of only per cent
The downtown portion of sales total was per cent
above in four weeks ended April although
railed cent behind year the three months No
figures on dollar volumes given out.
Sales and gross receipts tax collections the District
climbed So cent above 1859 the first three months
of the Hotel sales in two months were up
per cent.
Area newvehice sales in two months year rose
53 per cent above Newcar sales in District
alone also per three months District
gasoline sales jumped 223 per year earlier in
two months
Evening star., 1960-04-26
Southern Net
Tops Year Ago
In ; Months

NEW YORK, April 26.-Net
income Of the Southern Rail-
way Co. for the first three
months of 1860 was S6.854. 900.
or "a cents per share of COM
mon stock, as compared with
s6,473,000. or SO cents per share
of common stock, for the SIM
liar 1859 period.
March, 1860. net income was
$2,607 900, or 81 cents per share
Of common stock. This COM
pares with net income of 81
$4,000. or 80 cents per COM
mon share, for the same month
last year.
Net railway operating in
come, before interest, rentals
and other fixed charges, for
the first three months totaled
So. 1850 as compared with
s8,542.000 in the same period
in 1859. In March of this year
it was S3,365, 900, as compared
with S3,570,000 for the same
month of last year.
The board of directors, meet
ing here today, declared out
of 1859 earnings a quarterly
dividend of 70 cents per share
on the common stock without
par value, payable June Is.
1860, to stockholders of record
on May 13, 1860.
Standard Oil Co. (OhiO) in the
first quarter earned $5,066, 900,
or $1.0l a share. VS., S5,096,0O0,
or $102 a share, in the 1859
period.
Gulf Oil Corp, in the first
quarter earned $81 1924, 900, a %
per cent increase over the $685.
$4,000 earned in the 1859
period.
New York Central in the
first quarter earned S3,294,805,
or 81 cents a share, VS.. STA
Evening star., 1960-04-26
GEICO Affiliate Plans
Mobile Home Loans

Government Employees Corp,
affiliate of Government En-
ployees Insurance Co.. will ex-
pand its financing program to
include mobile homes.
One of the leaders in auto
financing for military and
civilian Government personnel,
the company now will offer
mobile home loans t. these
groups and GEICO policy
holders.
The additional financing will
be provided in response to
many requests, said R. F. Rod
gers, vice president. 1t will
include low down payments
and extended payment terms
UP to 70 months.
Evening star., 1960-04-26
Fleming Cup Won
By Baxter Davis

The Robert v. Fleming Golf
Trophy was won by P. Baxter
Davis of the National Bank of
Washington in the annual
tournament for Washington
area bank officers and directors
at the annual spring meeting
of the District Bankers Associa-
ton at the Columbia Country
Club yesterday. Mr.. Davis had
a low net of 72.
Carl Steele of Anacostia Ma
tional had second low net and
Donald Scott of National Saw
ings had third low net.
Edward Duvall, jr., of Riggs
National had low gross and
Evening star., 1960-04-26

by President o. Roy Chalk.
The special profit of $2.251,-
218 came from sale of the old
Fourth Street Shop and the
Southern Car House in South
west Washington to the Dis
trict Redevelopment Agency
for a total consideration of
$500, 900.
Net proceeds of $3.316.243
from the sale with an addi-
tional $161,507 were applied
to retirement of notes payable
to American Security & Trust
Co., trustee, in the principal
amount of $3.477,750.
Revenues Near S2S Million
Operating revenues of the
company amounted to $27, ,914,- =
821 in 1859, compared with
$26,684,594 in 1858. Operating
deductions totaled $26,549, ,984
VS.. $25,434,875. This left op-
Grating income, of S1,364,837,
compared with $1,24s,719 in
1858.
Ordinary net income before
taxes rose to $1,047. .281 from
1888, ,220. Provision for taxes to-
tailed $516,080 VS.. $457,722.
- The company purchased 205
buses costing around Sos mil
lion in 1859 and all have been
delivered and are in service,
Mr.. Chalk reported. This was
in addition to 100 air-condi-
toned buses which went into
service in the 1859 period at
a cost of more than SO million,
he said.
Sightseeing operation S
reached a new high in 1859,
with a gain of around so per
cent in volume. The company's
goal for 1860 is $1.3 million
OF gross revenue from this
source, Mr.. Chalk declared.
Conversion Progresses
Around 81 per cent of the
conversion to all-bus opera
tons has been completed and
full conversion is expected by
1862, Mr.. Chalk added. New
fare increases are expected to
permit the company to earn
al per cent on estimated
revenues of $27.9 million in
1860, he pointed out.
The annual report of Trans
portation Corp. of America,
parent of D. C. Transit and
Trans Caribbean Airways, also
was distributed today. 1t listed
1859 net income of $464, ,905
before special items and con-
solidated operating revenues of
4.799, ,446.
A special credit of $4,679,618
included $2,428,400 from sale
of stock of D. C. Transit Sys-
TEN and $2,251,218 from sale
of property. Net income for
1859 attributable to stock
holders of Transportation Corp.
to retained earnings" was listed
at $4,853,856.
Evening star., 1960-04-26
Sove-Mor Drugs
Opens Seventh Unit

Save-Mor Drugs, rapidly
growing drug store chair, has
opened its seventh unit at 1861
Alabama avenue Sc, in the
Fort Davis Shopping Center.
President Albert Pearlman
said the additional unit should
lift the chains volume to
around $3,250,O0O in 1860, not
including two more units now
being contemplated.
Leon Strauss is manager of
the Alabama avenue store. He
formerly operated State Drugs
at Seventeenth street and
Pennsylvania avenue NV. for
many years.
Evening star., 1960-04-26

61S, or 5 cents . share, in ths
1859 period.
Revere Copper Brass In
the first quarter earned S2,l96.-
ll6, or 80 cents q share, VS..
s2.49l,375, or "a cents a share,
in the 1859 period.
Other earnings.
Evening star., 1960-04-26

Construction

Area private construction authorized in the
months of this year amounted $S2 63S OOo decrease
of l9 per cent from year earlier.
Residential permits totaled $48170OO0 down 1877 per
cent and provided 1928 dwelling units decrease Of
81 per cent.
The three private totals are compared below with
Evening star., 1960-04-26
D. c. Transit Profit
On Property Boosts
Net to $2,782, 298

D. c. Transit System Inc of Delaware and subsidiaries
had ordinary income of $53 080 in 1859 $400498 in
1883 but additional special profit from sale of property
lifted the actual 1859 net to S2.782.298.
This disclosed today in the annual report signed
Evening star., 1960-04-26
Public Utilities

Public utility companies of the March 81 had 34
per cent electric customers 36 per gas
meters and 81 per telephones than on the same
1859 date
Sales of electricity in the first three months of this
year were 94 cent above year ago. while gas
174 per cent.
Evening star., 1960-04-26

while holdings of first mortgages estate were 14
per cent higher.
District life insurance sales in March we're per cent
higher and postal receipts for the increased
Al cent Current totals compared as follows with
ago:
Evening star., 1960-04-26

Richard Milbourne of Suburban
Trust had second low gross.
John H. Harris of Anacostia
National had high score.
Donald c. Jones of Union
Trust won the putting contest
and Karl F. Heinzman of
American Security was runner
I'm
Evening star., 1960-04-26

I--@-------- has been a substantial gain in buy
This is another ing power, compared with year ago.
series OF surveys Of the orlr +ho .,. - -,
Washington iAS 'ile passing Vi abnormal
omy By examining weather and differences in Easter
quotery Of dates bring
on0Co Sc. OF e fact that 1860 sales in this area are
readers the o husns., pointing definitely above 1859
picture in full perspective. Area employment in March
totaed 100000 while payrolls
amounted 10 The former 81 per above
a year ago and the latter was up So per cent
Department store sales per behind year ago
IN the rst three months Of this year. they Jumped an
Impressive IA cent above 1859 in four weeks ended
April l6 In the week ended the date they scared
per cent.
The Districts automobile saIeS which railed be-
hind year in January looked progressively better in
February, March and April.
Private construction authorized in the area increased
sharply in March, indicating contractors preparing for
a busy spring when weather improved
While private authorizations for the first three months
OF the year remained behind Federal
projects upon which figures delayed are known
be running substantially above year ago. Observers have
revised expectations Of 1860 decline area construction
and now predict increase.
Major public utilities report customers their
lines than and consumption of gas electricity
and telephone calls running well ahead Bank data
savings and loan Statistics insurance sales postal
celpts all show gains from year ago.
Evening star., 1960-04-26
THE STARS BUSINESS BAROMETER -,-~
Spring Routs March RetoiI Freeze;
Early 1860 Months Showing Upsurqe
BY DONALD B. HADLEY
Star Financial Editor

cold snowy March and late Easter left their marks
on first quarter figures for the Washington Metropolitan
Area but contrasting spring weather has brought
a sharp reversal in the trend
In the background of the late March and April upsuge
in department store sales, sales other barometes
Evening star., 1960-04-26
OVER COUNTER

Washington listings on over-the-
| counter markets furnished by the Ma
tional Association Of Securities Dealers
as of / pm. Tuesday, April 20:
Evening star., 1960-04-26
FOREIGN EXCH'GE

NEW YORK. April 26 tAP).-Foreisn
exchange rates Great Britain and
Australia in dollars, others in cents
and decimals of a cent?
Canada in N. Y.
Evening star., 1960-04-26

This is another in O
series Of surveys Of the
Washington oreo econ
omy. By examining il
quarterly in terms Of q
stondord set Of criterio,
The Stor hopes TO give
reoders the local business
picture in full perspective.
Evening star., 1960-08-28

V0LKsWAGEN 'b9' convertible:
red, r. and h., W.-WS, l-oWner,
Immaculate con, reas. HA. 2-3600.
V0LKS '56 2-dr.; orig. gray finish.
AL throughout; SS95. JACK PRY,
10Th and Pa. ave. s.e.
VOLKsWAGEN 80; 5000 mi, sun
roof. extras, like new: 81, $40. Dip
lomat. CL. 6-l350.
VOLKSWAGEN 80 sedan: radio,
Wv. tires; perfect, SI,295 for
quick sale. SO. S-276O.
VOLKsWAGEN 1888 Microbus; de
luxe with sunroof; $3.50 or make
of1er. IA. S-65l7.
VOLKsWAGEN 80: 5000 miles:
why pay more: 81 .595. $3.50 down.
BELL MOTORS
Bill wis. Ave. NV. WO. $4,000
YoLKswAGEN type Express Bus;
1859 Golisth-11 PASSENGER. Ex-
eel. eond. Best offer. walker T.
9543.
v0LKSWAGEN '58 bus; rebuilt
trans. and engine; S1,4O0 or best
oner. RA. 6-4l16.'
Evening star., 1960-08-28

OLDs IS "s8" 4-dr. sedan;- nh
mllease ;sacrifice at $3.50. FE
-3o77. ewes, Sat. and Sun. morning,
oLDsMOBILE 80 "ss" s-dr, sedsn !.
prand new, hydramatic, radio
heater' power steering and brakes
tinted glass; de luxe interior, etc
SOther models similarly priced /
Liberal terms and trades even
though the price is only 50 .aSa
AkerS OldS-Cadillac e
cTE1AIRsLdIlNGToN SHOPPING CTR +"
OV. 3:0350 ,ALEXANDRIA
0LDS SO "9s'' de luxe HoIid.a =
coupe: 2-tone green; power stssry
1ng; power brakes; special, So..
Sso; CCC guarantee.
Capitol Cadillac -Olds Co
l222 22nd St. NV. FE. 7-2s0o
OLDS '53 conv-: n a n = 80 -
p: superb cond.: S356 or hest c ~
INe1' INe61' must sell: leaving countpy
26O wk. day. ooo' A@t'
Evening star., 1960-08-28
OLDS ISL

OLDS ST
Super "ss" Holiday hsrdtop sedan;
hydramatie. radio. heater, w
tires, beautiful powder blue and
wEite nnish; very nice throughout,
$1,299
WILL FINANCE TO YOUR BUDGET
STAR PONTIAC
407 Florida Ave. NE. II 6.7onA
rs YEARS SAME LOCATION
Open Daily o TIL 9; Sun. o FTil 4
Evening star., 1960-08-28
AUTOMOBILES FOR SALE

0LDs '57 Super "ss" 4-door:
RiS %afehins Srs interior sh I'll The The Ss .upet
features incl. power steering and
brakes, $1,000 value, buy now,
save now, Sl,2SS.
Evening star., 1960-08-28

ULDSMUBlLES-W know what
you are looking for in q clean used
car. 1t all adds up to three
things: New.ear security. Q good
selection and fun value for your
will not sell any car We vould
not buy ourselves. This we gusr-
entee: Come by and see us
CONGRESSIONAL OLDS
CLEAN SUBURBAN CARS
Rockville Pike at
Congressional Plaza
ROCkXILLE, ND, HA. 7.7344
Evening star., 1960-08-28

PLYMOUTH '56 Savoy 4-dr. VS.:
:. and h.. 2-tone paint; runs and
looks good; full price. S495.
Evening star., 1960-08-28

PLYMOUTH 1854 sta. wagon: ra-
dio, heater. auto. trans, good
cond.: S375. HE. 4-34S6.
PLYMOUTH '57 Beivedere conv.:
beaut.- white finish with blue top,
r and h., brand-new Wv. tires,
push-button drive. l owner. Ex-
tremely low mileage. Well kept
car. Must sell now. Make me an
offer. CHI. S-4S94.