davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-09-04

equipment, the retro engine,
some other apparatus and some
research instruments.
PLACED on the outside sur
face of the ships cabin were
the rudder jets and tanks with
compressed gas for the orienta-
ton system, scientific instru-
mentation pickups, aerials, ex-
perimental solar batteries and
a system of thermic insula-
ton to prevent the burning Of
the cabin during the descent.
1.-THE walls of the cabin had
r fractory illuminators and
opening pressurized
matches. The gas content. hui
midity and temperature of air
in the cabin. necessary for the
normal functioning of the or
ganisms of experimental ami
mails. were ensured by the sys-
TENS of regeneration and ther-
moregulations."
Izvestia said the ships guild
ance was done automatically
and by means of signals from
the earth. The ship was pro-
vided with a highly precise sys-
tenn of controlling the orbit, the
paper said.
"On the downward course the
cabin was retarded in the at
mosphere by a special braking
system. At the height of 1000
5000 meters (22 2,960-26. .24O
feet). at a command from bar
ometric relays. the lid of the
catapult manhole was elected
and the capsule with animals
catapulted from the cabin. The
landing speed of the capsule
was 6-8 meters per second (13-
18 M.P.M.) and that of the
cabin 10 meters per second (22
M.P.HO"
Evening star., 1960-09-04
Mueller in Vienna
For Trade TuIks

VIENNA, Austria, Sept. 3
(AP).-United States Secretary
of Commerce Mueller arrived
here by air today for four days
of economic talks with Austrian
government leaders and the
opening of the United States
pavilion at the Vienna trade
fair tomorrow.
The Secretary will discuss
Austrian-American trade rela-
tfons with Foreign Minister
Bruno Kreisky and Trade Min
lister Fritz Book.
The Vienna fall fair pre-
sents a record number OF
1924 firms from 80 nations
including the United States ano
the Soviet Union. -
Evening star., 1960-09-04
Reds Say Space Ship
Made Gentle Lending

MOSCOW, Sept. 8 AP).-
Izvestia said today the Soviet
space ship that carried two
dogs into orbit was landed so
gently and slowly that it would
not have been necessary to cat
apult the animals to earth in a
separate capsule.
The newspaper account dis
tributed by the news agency
Tass said the cabin was landed
at a speed of % miles per hour
and the capsule w1s landed at
1918 m.p.h. 1t said the reason
the dogs were catapulted was
to check the catapulting sys-
tenn, which is a reserve land
ing system for future manned
flight"
The paper said the perfec-
ton of the landing was shown
by the pinpoint accuracy with
which the space vehicle was re-
turned to a predetermined spot.
and the fact that the capsule
which had carried the animals
was totally undamaged.
The newspaper gave a de-
tailed description of the space
ship. It said it consisted of two
main components-the cabin
and the instrument compart-
ment
Among other things the
cabin contained the apparatus
needed to sustain the animals
vital functions while in fight,
the biological experimental
equipment, the automatic sys-
TENS ensuring the landing of
the ship, the catapulted cap
sule with two dogs. mice. in
sects and plants" the paper
said.
"The instrument compart-
ment housed the radiotelmetric
equipment, the guidanc c
Evening star., 1960-09-04

that the satellite seemed to
twinkle. When it was first in
orbit it shone with a steady
glow.
Irregularities apparently
were caused by loss of internal
gas pressure which at first had
kept the thin skin of the sphere
taut, an NASA official said.
He said some of the gas ap-
parently has leaked out
through 243 tiny holes deliber-
ately placed all over the sur
face to prevent sudden over
imitation of the balloon while
it was being placed in orbit.
Because the total area of the
.pin-holes amounts to only "a
of a square inch out of the 3D.
900 square feet of the sphere,
much of the gas still remains
inside. e, ~ W
. NASA officials said they did
not know whether there would
be further wrinkling or wheth-
er the balloons surface was
now as slack as it would get.
Although there is no pres
sure outside the balloon at its
iorbital altitude to collapse the
thin plastic skin, there ap-i
Jlarently is a natural tendency
0f the plastic to wrinkle. =
The satellite originally was
sent up to be a rejecting sur
face for radio signals. It was
feared that in time the round-
ness of its surface might be
modified to a point where it
would not reflect radio signals.
but it was expected that the
balloon would continue to
shine brightly to the naked
eye.
The wrinkling to date has not
affected the radio-bounce capa-
bilities of the balloon, NASA
said.
When launched August IL,
Echo's position with respect to
the earth and sun kept it in
constant light. This condition
prevailed until August %, when
the balloon first dipped briefly
into the earth's shadow. Today
it was in darkness about one
fourth of the time, or about 80
minutes in each orbit Of two
hours.
At the time Of launching |
Evening star., 1960-09-04
KENNEDY
Continued From First Page

Continued From First Page
in both his San Francisco and
Anchorage speeches.
"It is time for this country
to start moving again." he said
in his Anchorage text.
This is a time for giants
for doers instead of talkers-a
time for the great -hearted, not
the faint-hearted."
Two Alaskan Talks
For Alaskans. who will cast
their FIRST presidential Votes
this November, he prepared
two speeches, one at Anchorage
and another at the Alaska State
fair in Palmer.
Tomorrow the Democratic
nominee plans to take off for
Detroit, .fTft#s
In his San Francisco talk he
said the theme Of his campaign.
is going to be action-"action
at home to keep pace with our
growing needs, to help the un-
fortunate. to build a still
greater Nation = and action
abroad to match the rise in
Communist power. to meet the
turbulent revolutions reshaping
our globe"
"A do-nothing party; will not
do" Senator Kennedy said.
-Four more years of a Republi-
can President blocking action
by a Democratic Congress will
not do.
What we need-what we
seek-what this campaign is
intended to bring is action in
stead of drift-leadership, not
saleSmanship-and dedication,
in place of mediocrity."
At the State fair in Palmer,
Senator Kennedy hailed Alaska
as a new State and as a land
of opportunity and said:
"And in those two words lie
the twin themes of this presi-
Dental campaign. For what
this country requires-and I
believe what this country wants
ARE men for an era OF oppor-
tunity."
Evening star., 1960-09-04
Girl Is Revived
By Lifequurd

A lifeguard at the Takoma
Pool yesterday used mouth-to-
mouth resuscitation to revive
an 18-year-old girl found un-
conscious in the deep end of
the pool.
The victim, Miss Rita Smith,
of 4911 Fourteenth street NV,
was taken to Providence Hos
pital, where she was in un-
determined condition last night,
police said.
The lifeguard was identified
as John Wilson, %, of 9912
Lorain avenue, Silver Spring.
Evening star., 1960-09-04

there were numerous reports
that scientists feared it would
collapse when it entered the
earth's shadow due to the cold
ness and would not reinflate
upon re-entering the sunlight.
NASA scientists said they did
not hold this view. However,
they said they did not know
what would happen.
Since its launching three
weeks ago Friday, the big
balloon has travelled more than
8 million miles in orbit around
the earth.
At 8 o'clock this morning
Echo completed its 292d orbit.
It is circling the world once
every 118 minutes and 20 Sec
onds at an average altitude
about 1000 miles above the
surface.
At its maximum distance,
or apogee. the shiny satel-
lite is slightly less than 1,04s
miles up. At perigee. or closest
approach, its altitude is 948
miles. =
3 Each time the satellite cir
cles the earth it logs another
81 400 statute miles at an aver
age speed of slightly more than
$50 miles a minute.
In its % days aloft countless
millions of people have seen
the satellite cross the sky.
Shining more brightly than the
North Star, it appears to move
slowly when close to the hori-
zon and most rapidly when di-
rectly overhead. This is an
illusion, and not due to any
change in the speed of the
satellite.
The orbit of Echo is inclined
to the equator at an angle of
about 47A degrees. This brings
the satellite directly overhead
from time to time at points as
far north as Seattle, Montreal
and Vienna and as far south
as virtually every populated
place in the Southern Hemis-
phere.
Practically all the populated
places in the world can see the
balloon, though in many cases
it is fairly low in the sky.
Evening star., 1960-09-04
Monopoly to End

COLOMBO, Sept. 3 (AP).-
The 300-member Ceylon Jour-
nalists Association has passed
a resolution welcoming a gov
ernment decision to end news
paper monopoly ownership and
convert two major newspaper
groups into broad-based public
corporations.
Evening star., 1960-09-04

puDllSLleu Dy Cne balClmOre sur
to Rep. Price Democrat oi
1llinois), chairman of the House
subcommitte on the use Of mil
itary manpower.
Reached at his East St
Louis. ILL.,. home, Mr.. Price said
be would refer the matter to
members of his staff and ask
them Ito get into 1t thorough
ly." He pointed out that the
special committe on manpow-
er utilization was discharged
after it issued its final report.
A recommendation that it be
continued cannot be acted on
until the next session of Con-
gress, he said.
Ses New Probe
"If these incidents are fac
tual and occurring right under
the nose of the Pentagon," Mr..
Price added. at is high time
for further congressional in
vestigations.
1T is inconceivable that on
the face of what was exposed
in recent months and the posi-
tive assurances from the De-
partment of Defense that a
serious effort would be made
to abolish manpower abuses
that such violations would con-
tinue to occur"
Officials at the Naval Acad-
Evening star., 1960-09-04

emy declined comment on Mr..
Kowalski's statement and on
the Sun article.
The Sun said most of the
enlisted men involved are Fill
pinos classified by the Navy
as stewards. One steward reg
ularly washes. feeds and walks
an officers dog, the newspaper
said. and another serves NOR
ming coffee to an officer and
his family in the family's bed
rooms.
Violation Charged
The Naval Academy is ap-
parently violating a directive
from the Defense Department
prohibiting the use of certain
enlisted personnel for personal
and domestic chores of officers,
the Sun said.
When I see and read of this
kind Of flouting Of Congress
by the military. their utter
contempt for the taxpayers
dollar and their criminal waste
of manpower. I wonder how
the Secretary of Defense dares
to ask the increase of a single
man for the services until this
costly and undemocratic abuse
is stopped"
Evening star., 1960-09-04
CONGO

I
Bakwanga, Mr.. Kalonji's cap.
tured capital.
In Leopoldville, meanwhile,
Mr.. Lumumba's political oppo-
nents in the Senate accused
him of moving the young Afri-
can nation toward a leftist die
tatorship. Even one supporter
assailed his policies.
One of Mr.. Lumumba's sena-
tors. S. Romandeke, criticized
the Premier for closing oppose
ton newspapers. But he de-
cried the opposition's charges
Of communism and dictator
ship"
The Senate opposition was
led by Syrille Adoula, who
charged the Congo is headed
toward dictatorship and de-
ma1ded Mr.. Lurnurnba cancel
DEGREES restricting freedom.
Senator Adoula is a member of
the Puma Party, whose presi-
dent, Jean Bolikango, is under
arrest. o."
U. N. Reports the Casualties
/. United Nations officials re-
ported casualties in the Kasai
Province fighting had reached
1000. with nearly 800 dead.
The brunt of this fighting was
carried by anti-Lunumba guer-
rillaS who were said to have
upset the Congo's timetable for
invasion of rebellious Katanga.
The Katanga army spokes-
man said Mr.. Kalonji's invad-
ing force was armed with au-
tomato weapons and rifles.
The force was part of a vol
unteer battalion Mr.. Kalongi
recruited in Katanga from
tribesmen hostile to Mr.. Luz
mumba. After a few days of
training, they left this
capital of Katanga Province
Thursday by train for the
border.
The invaders crossed the
frontier formed by the croco-
dile- infested Lubilash river in
trucks and automobiles over the
main road bridge. The bridge
had been mined by the Katan-
ga army to prevent Lumumba
forces from crossing into Ka-
tanga province.
The invading force is expect
ed to clear Lumumba forces
from Luputa.
The latest information from
Luputa is that 88 Congo troops.
were there but some had de-
serted and their morale was
low.
Reports said some of Mr..
Kalonji's private army might
try to join up with 500 guer-
rillas holding the vital bridge
across the Bushimai River so
miles northwest of Luputa. BY
holding this bridge, the guer-
rillaS have cut the supply lines
Of Lumumba forces in Luputa
and Bakwanga. The bridge is
on the main road from Lulua-
bourg. capital of Kasai pro-
vince.
Tribesmen EncircIe Troops
The Katanga army spokes-
man said Congo troops had
taken up defensive positions
Bakwanga, Mr.. Ka-
longi's fallen capital 10 miles
north of Luputa and we're en-
circled by Baluba tribesmen
loyal to Mr.. Kalonji.
The army spokesman said
Katanga's northern front -
Kivu province-was quiet and
no Congo troop movements
had been reported.
He announced that the Congo
army was training about 1000
tribeSmen at an instruction
center in Lokandu. more than
100 miles north of the border.
The spokesman said the
Congo army intended sending
troops south from Stanleyville
and Watsa in the northeast
Congo but it would be some
time before they reached po-
sitions on Katanga's border.
However. it is reported that
10 Russian Ilyushin planes have
reached Stanleyville and they
may be used as Congo army
transports for the Katanga
front. Advices reaching Leo
poldville said some Of the,
planes have been repainted
with the words Congo Repub-
lie" on the side.
Evening star., 1960-09-04
Citizens to Meet

The Community Council. a
citizens association, will meet
at 8 pm. Tuesday, in the Riggs
National Bank Building, 1779
Columbia road NV.
Evening star., 1960-09-04
Echo Loses Roundness
But Still Bounces Waves

Americas l00-foot Echo satellite has lost
roundness but this apparently has big
looms effectiveness.
The National Aeronauics and Space Administration
yesterday the sphere still rejecting despite
wrinkles all its surface.
Its loss OF sphericty first noticed
Evening star., 1960-09-04
Annapolis Faces Probe
On Enlisted Mems Role

=, MERIDEN. Conn., Sept. AP)-Representatve Kowal-
SKI Democrat OF Connecticut said today he has called for
congressional investigation reported use of enlisted
men to perform personal chores for officers at the United
Naval Academy in Annapolis, Nd
Mr. Kowalsk said he had referred article subject
Evening star., 1960-02-21
Humphrey Aide
OK's Kennedy
Soending Limit

ST. PAUL, Mimi, Feb. 20
(AP) The co-chalrman of the
Humphrey for President Com
mittee agreed conditionally to-
day to proposal by Senator
Kennedy, Democrat Of MaSSa-
chusetts, that he and Senator
Humphrey. Democrat of Min
nesota. limit their expenditures
in the Wisconsin presidential
primary.
Gov. Orville L. Freeman of
Minnesota said the Humphrey
side would be agreeable If both
candidates make a full dis
closure Of all money spent ma
tionally for the past two years
by them. their campaign COM
mittees, friends or relatives d.. :"
Senator Humphrey himself
had described the Kennedy pro-
posal earlier as "as phony as
a SO BILL" adding that political
campaigns don't start 80 or IS
days before an election.
Evening star., 1960-02-21
Kennedy Calls
Foreign Policy
Biggest Issue

HARTFORD, Conn.,, Feb. 20
ZAP PD-Senator Kennedy, DEM
ocrat Of Massachusetts,, said
tonight that the Eisenhower
administration has sadly de-
pleted this country's inter-
national credit balances Of good
will"
And, the Senator said. for
eign policy is going to be the
dominant issue in a presidential
election for the first time in
20 years"
] In an address prepared for
a Democratic Jefferson-JackSon
Day dinner here, the Demo-
cratic presidential hopeful said:
The parades through the
streets of Karachi, New Delhi
and Kabul are no substitutes
for policy. The disillusionment
comes when one attempts to
look behind the flag waving, the
bands. the marching elephants
and attempts to find a policy
that can affect events with
respect to these countries"
"The problem is that we have
lost sight of the central strug-
gle" he continued. "In a world
where millions Of people are
living on the marginal edge of
existence, what really matters
to them is how they're going
to f1ll their bellies at night,
and put a roof over their
heads"
Speaking to some 1000 Demo-
Gratis assembled at two different
hotels. Kennedy said of the
worlds millions:
IF they can look through
the world and see the Soviet
Union-the most backward ma
ton in Europe 40 years ago
emerge as a leader in the fields
of scientific endeavor, pass the
United States in the rate of
economic growth, threaten to
exceed this country in the
production of hydro-electric
power-they are impressed.
/ That is the great danger
to the cause of freedom today
and why the foreign policy of
our country will play such a
major role in this campaign. :"
Senator Kennedy then ex-
tended his comments on the
Eisenhower administration to
Vice President Nixon.
when Mr.. Nixon Says that
he wants to carry on the pol
icies Of the last eight years. let
us hold him to that statement.
For I cannot believe that the
voters of this country will ac-
cept four more years Of the
same tired policies-four more
years Of Mr.. Benson's big farm
surpluSes and low farm income
-four more years of neglected
slums, overcrowded classrooms
underpaid teachers and highest
interest rates in hiStory-and
four more years Of dwindling
prestige abroad, dwindling Sc
curity at home, and a collision
course in Berlin"
In his comments on the ad-
ministration, Senator Kennedy
said "one cannot question either
the good intentions or the good
will of the President.
Neither can one be cynical
about the warm receptions he
received in Western Europe, In
dia, Pakistan and Afghanistan.
Evening star., 1960-02-21
johnson Rights Move Stirs
Storm in Southern Papers

tended him against the chargt
of unfair tactics.
The Winston-Salem IN. c.
Journal commented: "Oppo-
nentS of civil rights legiSla'
ton have rarely hesitated tc
use parliamentary tricks tc
their own advantage in the
halls of Congress. So theil
anguished cries about Senator
Johnson's maneuver on the
Senate floor must be taken with
a grain Of salt"
Master of Politics"
The Savannah (GaD Evening
Press added: Without any dis
cussion of the merits of the
move it cannot be denied
that the Texas Senator is a
master of Senatorial politics
He has apparently accom-
plished what the most out
spoken radicals have failed to
bring about, and the supreme
test now before him is to ride
the bucking bronco of civil
rights without MASKING too
many conservative toes. II
anyone can perform such a
miracle, Lyndon Johnson might
be the man"
Senator JohnSon's presiden-
tial ambition was treated as a
factor in his action by virtually
all the Southern editorialists
His critics harped on it, his de-
tenders acknowledged it and
the neutralS treated it simply
as a fact of life.
The Winston-Salem Journal
for instance, declared fatty
that Senator johnson must
present Liberal front to the
Nation If he is to have any
chance of getting the
nomination. He must at least
blur in the minds of North
ern Democrats the image Of
himself as a conservative,
Southern ObStructioniSt DEM
ocrat."
The Raleigh News and OBJ
server said: Even if john
sons personal ambitions are
involved, he may be indulging
in the most realistic politics
for his country as we'll as him.
self" in taking a middle-of-
the-road position"
"Wise and Realistic"
The Nashville Tennessean
added: Not only is Senator
johnson wise in trying to get
this issue settled. he also is
being realistic. For he knows
full we'll that there is going to
be an adequate rights plank in
his party's national platform
and that any Democratic can
didate who hopes to be elected
will subscribe to it. AS things
now stand, he is the only man
from the South with any
chance to win the Democratic
nomination
But Senator Johnson's ma
tional aspirations appeared In
a different light to his critics
The Richmond Times-Dispatch
declared; Senator Johnson'S
avidly pursued presidential
candidacy has put the South be-
hind the eight-ball as never
before.
THE johnson we see now has
somehow got the idea that he
can win the Democratic presi-
dental nomination by aban-
doning the South and catering
to the NAACP and the AFL-
CIO. Political ambition, it's
wonderful From a sane and
constructive voice. johnson has
been transformed into just an
other ofice-hungry Senator,
willing TO do pretty much any
thing to impress the North with
how liberal he is"
How to Treat Him?
Added the Chattanooga News
Free Press: He hopes his stab
in the back Of his fellow South
erners will endear him to the
Northerners. But by doing
such a thing, Senator johnson
has lost all right to the basic
Southern support which is the
source of his considerable ini-
tio1 Sfreputh -
Evening star., 1960-02-21
By DAVID S. BRODER
Star Stan Writer

Star Stan Writer
Senate Democratic Leader
johnson has become the center
OF great debate in the South,
as editorialistS across Dixie
argue the merits and morality
OF his role in opening the drive
for civil rights legislation.
In a controversy which could
determine the amount Of
Southern backing his unan-
nounced presidential bid re-
ceiveS. the Texan has drawn
about as many favorable notices
as criticisms.
A survey Of the Southern
newspapers received in the
Speakers Lobby of the House
Of Representatives showed five
papers backing Senator John
son, an equal number denounc-
ing him, and six that were
more or less neutral.
The majority leaders critics,
however. were much more
vehement than his defenders.
The anti-JohnSon press de-
scribed him in such terms as
another office-hungry Sena-
tor" "a political slickster," the
Texas Yankee" and the South
ern Benedict Arnold"
BackerS Less Vehement
The most his supporters in
the Dixie press could call him
was a man who "is not afraid of
leadership" "the best alterna-
tive" for the South or the
best Of several potential evils"
Backers of Senator johnson
for President have counted on
their ability to swing a nearly
solid bloc of 400 Southern dele
gates behind him. But the civil
rights struggle. in which he
has been pitted against such
Southern leaders as Senator
Russell of Georgia, may have
put that support in Jeopardy.
The critical editorials CEN
tered on Senator Johnson's tao
tic in calling up a non-contro-
verSial bill affecting Fort
CroWder Mo- schools and
making it the vehicle for civil
rights amendments. No civil
rights bill had been reported
to the Senate and Senator
johnson had pledged last
August to permit debate on
civil rights to start February IS.
The Nashville Banner had
this to say: ITO the tricky
conglomeration (of civil rights
backers,) Senate Majority
Leader johnson added his own
Carpetbag touch Monday in the
maneuver that undercut South
ern colleagues who trusted
him
Certainly he was expected
as a legislative officer, to clear
the machinery for some action
on civil rights legislation-by
due process. 1t was his method
Of political slicksteriSm that re-
vealed him in his true light.
He has made his bed and
Southern Democrats will not
lie in it with him"
Charge Echoed
Other papers echoed this
charge. The Columbia IS. c.
State said: The maneuver
raises the question of whether
the Democratic Party would
choose as a leader a man who
would resort to such question:
able manipulation"
The tactic did not go with
out defenders, however. The
Nashville TenneSSean said:
Having promised to help get
sound civil rights legislation
passed this year, Senator john
son has acted on the aSsump-
ton that the best way to pro-
ceed is to proceed. In a
sense, he may be taking a CAL
Culated risk in doing what he
promised last year to do. The
discreditable thing. however
would have been failure to live
up to that reasonable pledge. "
Some newspapers that did
not come down SqUarely for or
against Senator Johnson de-