davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Milford chronicle., 1960-05-06

The favorite opera with colortura
sopranos is Donizetti's Lucia di
Lammermoor." 1t was adapted from
Sir Walter Scott's novel
An official balloon corps was or
ganized in the u S. Army in 1861
to observe results of battle by
ground troops.
Milford chronicle., 1960-05-06

Bird nests are sometimes found
in Hawaii made from threads of
spun volcano glass which birds
pluck from droplets of lava.
Evening star., 1960-11-06

no ones particular business
whether he was pro or anti
Communist.
AS if to balance the Dayal re-
port. the U. N. on Friday dis
closed the text Of a message from
Congo President Joseph Kasavubu.
The President. a political rival Of
Mr.. Lumumba. has been almost
as much immobilized as has the
Premier himself. But Mr.. Kasa-
vubu and Col. Mobutu have worked
together. with the President lend
ing touch of legality to the young
army officers moves.
Mr.. Kasavuhus message, dated
october l3, accused the U. N. of
directly intervening in Congolese
affairs for the positive advantage
of Mr.. Lumumba. Specifically,
the President charged that the
U. N. forces on duty in the Congo.
mainly troops from Ghana and
Guinea, were blocking the arrest
and prosecution" of Mr.. Lumumba
and thus fomenting murders.
masSacreS and epidemics; di-
rectly conniying at crimes . d.. in
directly encouraging Lumumba's S
few supporters to continue acts
of banditry and terrorism"
Evening star., 1960-11-06
For Algerian:
New Policy?

French President Charles de
Gaulle Friday set a new course
for Frances future relations
with rebellious Algeria.
When Gen. de Gaulle rallied
the forces of free France around
him in 1910. he began almost
alone in the midst of disaster.
From then ON he demonstrated
the aloofness, the austerity and
the determination that made him
a successful leader and a thorn
in the side of his allies. But he
aimed to win. not to please.
Friday night. in a radio
television address to the French
people, he showed once again that
he has lost none of his charac-
teristic le-rnindedness. He
told France. without qualification,
that Algeria was going to be run
by Algerians. that they would
choose for themselves what, If
any, relations they would continue
with metropolitan France, and
that he as President would dis
solve the Parliament and rule
alone If the extremists blocked his
program.
He succeeded in pleasing no one.
The Algerian provisional govern
ment in Tunis said he had offered
nothing new" to end the g.
vcar-cld rebellion. The right
wing European colons in Algeria
Continued on Page ca
Evening star., 1960-11-06
'Hush-Hush

1t is to this hush-hush weapon
that Thomas E. Murray. former
Atomic Energy Commissioner, pre-
sumably referred in letters to Vice
President Nixon and Senator Ken
nedy, which were released on
Thursday.
Mr.. Murray told the candidates
that the Soviet Union may already
have developed in secret a fan
tastic" new nuclear bomb which
could give it decisive edge in
military power. In calling for an
end to our 2-year-old moratorium
on nuclear testing, he asserted that
we could have tested such a weap-
on ourselves by this time.
According to Mr.. Murray, the
new weapon is a third genera
ton" nuclear explosive primarily
antl-personnel and "as radically
different from the H-bomb as the
H-bomb was from the Hiroshima
type A-bOmb"
Inc N-Domb, OF course. would
not be as powerful as either the
atomic or hydrogen types. AS David
r. Inglis, Argonne National Lab
oratory physicist. pointed out. it
involves a scaling down of the
A-bomb to low efficiency to make
it give out more neutron radiation
than blast damage"
Evening star., 1960-11-06

ing statements. In Philadelphia
last Sunday, he promised:
If elected President, I shall
not devalue the dollar from the
present rate. Rather. I shall
defend its Bresent value and
soundness."
Then, in Virginia, he pledged
on Friday that he would follow
sound fiscal policies" while re-
peating his belief that I'VE may
be entering our third major reces-
sion in six years."
Mr.. Nixon continued his whirl-
wind. slam-bang campaigning last
week with attacks on the Demo-
cratic platform in the South, a
warning to Texans that Mr.. Ken
nedy would be a captive" of
Walter Reuther, the labor chief
tain, If elected, and an assertion
to upstate New Workers that his
opponent was guilty of "bare-
faced lie" when he allegedly said
that the Republicans had always
opposed Social Security.
In addition to the main event
in the 1860 elections, all of the
437 House seats, "a Senate seats
and 27 State Houses are at stake.
The present congressional break
down in the House is 280 Demo-
Gratis. Isl Republicans; in the
Senate. Sc Democrats and 81 Re-
publicans. There are "a Demo-
cratic and Is Republican Cover
norS.
The vice presidential candidates,
meanwhile. carried on campaign
pace nearly equal to that of their
running mates. Perhaps never
before have the No. 2 aspirants
ever conducted such vigorous
drives as those being pushed by
Senator Lyndon B. johnson, Dem
ocrat, and Mr.. Lodge, his Republic
can opponent.
Certainly, record numbers of
persons have seen them, in person
and on television, and their
speeches have won more attention
from the newspapers of the coun-
try than those of any previous vice
presidential candidates. Their i'm
pact on the voting, however. will
have to await examination by the
political scientists.
Within 70 hours the Nation will
know who will succeed Mr.. Eisen-
hover in the White House next
January. AS the time for "democ-
racy's ceremonial. its feast, its
great function" draws near, it is
hoped that those eligible and priv
ileged to vote Q964 for Washing
toniansO will make firm pledge
to do so.
Evening star., 1960-11-06
Value Dubious

MI. 1ngllS 1eelS that such
weapon would be of dubious
military value" and doubts that
the Russians would be seriously
interested in one because, he
contends, it is an expensive and
inefficient way to use nuclear ma
terials. Few military men would,
however, likely agree.
Would not the Russians, it
might be asked, like to have an
arsenal full of such weapons if
it would allow them to launch an
overpowering surprise attack on
a nation without destroying that
nations cities or industrial COM
plexes?
Whether our present stockpiles
of powerful weapons would be
useless" in the face of such a
wholly new kind of threat" as
asserted by Mr.. Murray, is open
to question.
But there certainly would be
clear military advantages to the
possessor of neutron bombs. The
possibility adds a new element to
the public discussion of the whole
weapons testing problem and our
negotiations with the Soviet Union
in this area.
Ever since President Eisenhower
grounded the U-2 high-altitude
reconnaissance planes last May,
the United States has suffered a
loss in its intelligence gathering
Evening star., 1960-11-06
Science:
Honor for u. S.

American professors last week
won the Nobel Prizes in chemiS-
try and physics.
University Of California SCI
entists on Thursday reported
they achieved a controlled
thermOnuclear reaction of ex-
treme brevity.
There has been good deal of
talk about declining United States
prestige in the current presidential
campaign and science is one of the
areas in which this country is de-
picted as heading for second place
behind the Russians.
Apparently the Royal Swedish
Academy of Sciences has been
quietly studying the achievements
of American scientists without
being impressed by such argu-
ments.
On Thursday, the academy an
nounced the winners of the Nobel
Prizes in science. Americans were
featured as DR.. Willard F. Libby
won the chemistry award and DR..
Donald A. CHASER the prize in
physics.
DR.. Libby. a former Atomic En-
ergy Commission member in the
Eisenhower administration, was
honored for having developed
method of using radioactive carbon
for age determination in archae-
ology, geology, geophysics and
other sciences.
DR.. Chaser won his award for
inventing a device, called the
bubble chamber" for studying
subatomic particles by making
their paths visible with bubbles.
DR.. Glaser, like DR.. Libby. is a
University of California professor.
Other scientists of that great
university made news last week
when they reported the achieve
ment of a controlled thermonu-
clear explosion which lasted for
one-thousandth of a second.
Evening star., 1960-11-06
Political, Too

Like most everything else, the
Cape Canaveral shot landed in the
political arena, too.
Democrats charged that the
launching of Explorer VIII was
timed for just before the election
in an effort to win votes for the
Republicans by helping them reply
to charges that the United States
was tagging behind the Russians
in space.
The Republicans also had some
thing to say. Representative
Miller of New York, chairman of
the G. o. P. Congressional Cam
paign Committee, put it this way:
IF the Russians had success
fully launched a fully instru-
mented satellite as we just did,
the Democratic gloom peddlers
would have screamed to the high
heavens about Soviet space prog
ress and United States space
faults"
Evening star., 1960-11-06
In Big Areas

On Friday the President leveled
his big guns at that young genius"
Senator Kennedy in major ad-
dresses in Cleveland and Pitts
burgh. the latter over Nationwide
television, as the climax of his
stepped-up drive to turn the tide
for his party. Ohio and its Is
electoral votes have leaned toward
Mr.. Kennedy from the outset, but
Pennsylvania. which has 80, is a
toss-up in the opinion of both
Democrats and Republicans.
The effect of the Eisenhower
effort probably cannot be meas
ured until election day. Will the
magic Of his personality, which
produced two massive triumphs.
in 1852 and 1856. rub of on his
heir apparent?
Most political observers doubt
that it will to any substantial de-
gree, but they are not certain.
Ditto for the Democrats. Mr.. Ken
nedy's repeated taunts at the
Eisenhower rescue squad" and his
declaration that Mr.. Nixon must
face the voters alone indicates
strongly that the Presidents Wig
orous campaigning has him con-
cerned.
The Bostonian is, nevertheless,
increasingly confident of victory.
Last week, in a series of sallies
into dozen or more States, he
struck harder at Mr.. Nixon than
during any other period in the
campaign.
He questioned the Vice Presi-
dents competence in the field of
foreign policy and accused him OF
using "despicable" and desperate"
tactics in an effort to win. At the
same time, Mr.. Kennedy, the seri-
GUS young man with the jutting
right forefinger, injected a bit
more wit and humor into his
speeches.
One issue over which Mr.. Ken
nedy has provoked uncertainty in
the minds of businessmen and
conservatives generally is that
concerning fiscal policy. The Dem
ocratic candidate took note of this
last week and twice made reassur-
Evening star., 1960-11-06
A World Problem

These and other equally serious
charges, made by a man well
known for his disinterestedness
and devotion to the world order
illness sought by the U. NJ, put
the Congo problem right back on
the No. / order of controversy in
the towering steel-and-glass struc-
ture alongside New York's East
River. And the problem became
just as pressing in the foreign
Offices of Washington Moscow.
Brussels, London and especially
in Ouagadougou, Dakar, Nancy,
Porto Novo, Nibreville and Abidjan.
What are these latter strange
sounding names? They are
capitals, of nations in far-away
places, now duly admitted to the
U. N. and full-fledsed members
of the world comfy of nations.
The Congo's problems, to varying
extents, are theirs, too. And they
wait tensely to see what the power
giants will do to their strife-torn
neighbor. whose capital is Leopold
vile.
Mr.. Dayal's hard hitting report
was. to put it mildly. no en-
couragement to the West. The
State Department made no at
tempt to hide its disappointment
at what was unofflcially called too
sweeping and too harsh an in
dictment of Col Mobutu. After
all, said the American policy
makers, it was Col. Mobutu, who
ousted the Communists from
Leopoldville. If his military rule
is overthrown, who but Patrice
Lumumba can occupy his place?
Evening star., 1960-11-06
The Cold War

Behind the whole confusing pic
ture were the familiar facets of
cold war politics. The Western
powers, led by the United States.
are UNDERSTANDABLE anxious that
the newly emerging independent
nations of Africa be free of Com
munist domination or penetration.
The Communist bloc. also un-
derstandably, hopes to keep these
new nations from alliance with
the West And the Afro-Asian
neutralist bloc seeks, with good
cause for optimism, to keep these
16 nations uncommitted to either
side in the cold war.
Embarrassing to the West, how
ever. is the fact of wealth and
power in two provinces of the
Congo. Katanga and Kasai. rich
in minerals and far ahead of other
Congo provinces in standards Of
living. education. modern improve
ments and cultural achievements,
have more-or-less seeded from
the new republic. But there is
ample evidence, the U. N. has
been told, that the secession move
ments have been sparked. organ
ized, financed and armed by Bel
gian and British interests with
much at stake in the continued
European domination of the
provinces.
Tomorrow the General Assembly
will surely see some fireworks.
Both the Soviet Union and Bel
gium have let it be known that
Mr.. Hammarskjold is going to be
verbally fiayed - from opposite
sides for the situation in the
Congo. Belgian Foreign Minister
Pierre Wigny is due in New York
today to take personal charge of
the Brussels protest. And Soviet
Ambassador to the U. N, Valerian
Zorin, was ready to ask the bat
tered and harassed secretary gen.
eral why, If the Dayal report is ac-
curate, something has not been
done to remedy the situation.
Evening star., 1960-11-06
The Breokthrouqh

Mr.. Nixon did not elabora.-
on the nature of the break
through" Some observers thought
he must be talking about pic
ture-taking satellite. But the Vice
President asserted that the data
would be obtained without
overflights" of the USSR.
In another move on the defense
front, the Administration re-
versed itself and ordered a sub
stantial expansion in the BIO
supersonic bomber development
program.
The administration had held
that the BIO would not be COM
bat-ready until 1866, when long
range missiles are expected to be
the main strategic weapon and.
therefore, should not be pushed
all-out. The decision to speed
up the controversial, fabulously
expensive bomber, was called a
prediction political maneuver by
the Democrats.
Evening star., 1960-11-06
Could Help?

(This estimate bears out the
burden of a survey circulated at
the Democratic National Conven-
ton in 1856 by the Kennedy stan
in its efforts to have their man
named as the vice presidential
candidate. The survey involved
IA States, with a total Of 261
electoral votes-269 are needed to
win. 1t showed how a Catholic can
didate might be helped by his re-
ligion. Catholics make up at least
20 per cent Of the total popula-
ton in each Of the IA States,
ranging as high as go per cent
in Rhode Island.)
Mr.. Kennedy is likely to suffer
less in the Northeast from defec-
tions among Democratic Protes-
tants than in any other section.
Certainly, Protestant ministers
from this area have been among
the leaders of those who have
spoken out against religious
bigotry. The decision of the Arch
bishop of Canterbury to request
a meeting with Pope John XIII
in the Vatican early next month
can only help to mute any anti
Catholicism among Episcopalians.
Evening star., 1960-11-06
Nixon's Stand

The Vice President has scored
the use Of the religious issue and
has ordered his campaign aides to
eschew its exploitation. He was
not hurt last Thursday, however,
when the Rev. Billy Graham, the
popular evangelist and close Nixon
friend. accompanied him to the
speakers platform in Columbia,
S. c.. and gave the invocation.
There is one aspect of the "un-
decideds" business which may
have a religious issue tinge. And
it may point to a shift of a good
many votes to Mr.. Nixon. This
is it:
Among the large number of
voters who have indicated that
they have not yet made up their
minds, three out Of every four is a
Democrat and the same ratio are
Protestant. according to one ma
tionally known pollster. If this is,
in fact, the case, might it be per-
missible for Mr.. Nixon to specu-
late that many of these persons
are at least toying with the idea
Of voting for him?
Evening star., 1960-11-06

capability. The U-2 cameras
recorded a phenomenal amount
of information from deep inside
the Soviet Union.
Spy-in-the-sky satellites have
been regarded as the ultimate sue
eeSsor, but they are hardly likely
to fill the U-2 gap for another
or 4 years at the earliest.
On Thursday, in campaign
speech, Vice President Nixon an
nounced that the United States
was moving toward a "spectacu-
lar breakthrough" in the intelli-
gence field, a breakthrough which
would make it virtually impos-
sible for the Soviet Union to
launch a surprise attack without
our knowing it.
Evening star., 1960-11-06
Step Forward

This brief harnessing Of the
power of the hydrogen bomb is
regarded as a step forward in the
search for an unlimited source Of
energy from the superabundance
of hydrogen in the oceans for
peaceful uses by mankind.
While the controlled explosion
was far too brief for practical
purposes. it was much longer than
any achieved previously-all of
which were measured in millionths
of a second.
The United States also con-
tinued its space efforts last week,
chalking up its 28th success, with
the orbiting of a 90-pound scien-
tific satellite, Explorer VIII.
The satellites job is to take the
most extensive direct measure
ments ever made of the iono-
sphere, the multi-layered, cleo
trically charged blanket of air in
the upper atmosphere.
Evening star., 1960-11-06

nedy crowds appear to be more
enthusiastic and demonstrative, a
Republican observer remarked:
Nixon will take 100 lukewarm
votes to 80 enthusiastic ones any
day in the week"
The Republican foray into New
York was an apparent attempt
at a contagious "blitz." The high
point of the Nixon campaign, it
featured Mr.. Eisenhower, Gov.
Rockefeller, the Vice President
and Henry Cabot Lodge, his run
ming mate, on the same plat
form. Earlier, cascades of con-
fetti poured down on the digni-
taries as they rode in open cars
up Broadway.
At the Coliseum, Mr.. Eisenhower
emphasized the experience and
leadership qualities of the Nixon
Lodge team. He declared again
his personal support of the Vice
President as the best-qualified
man for the presidency.
Evening star., 1960-11-06
Defense:
N-Bonb

Thomas Murray, former Acc
commissioner, warned on Thurs
day that the Russians might
have already developed a fan
taStic" new nuclear bomb, urged
the United States to resume
testing.
For some time. designs for a
so-called "neutron" bomb have
existed in United States labora-
Evening star., 1960-11-06
THE FOREIGN SCENE
Cold War | octics
In the Congo Again

An East-West showdown ON
the chaotic Congo was nearer
last week after United Nations
Secretary General Hammar-
skiold gave the General Assem-
bly, q formal report on the U. N,
mission there.
The diplomat-or anyone else
who could forecast the trends
in the confused. Kaleidoscope
Congo after the tumultuous events
Of recent weeks would surely be
acclaimed as the foremost sooth-
sayer of all times. Since "in-
dependence" came to the former
Belgian colony last July /. all the
experts have been right, and at
the same time wrong. The dia-
lectics of the Congo, however, are
not philosophical.
Thousands of lives have been
forfeited to anarchy, tribal rival
ries, political jealousies, and with
out doubt a great deal of malicious
and self-serving provocation from
sources. outside the Congo, with
keen axes to grind.
Despite the best efforts Of the
United Nations, the expenditure
of millions of dollars, and the
encouragement Of other newly
independent nations, the Congo
today is apparently as torn and
sundered a political entity as has
ever existed in the world under
q single name.
On Thursday Secretary General
Hammarskjold told the General
Assembly of the U. N. experiences
thus far in this LAND without
justice" Rajeshwar Dayal, Indian
diplomat who took over the trou-
bled challenge from DR.. Ralph
Bunche for the U. NJ, took off the
neutralist gloves when he reported
to his chief. Without equivoca-
tion, he said:
/. That Belgium, the former
colonial suzerain, was organizing
a co-ordinated take over" of the
troubled nation by sending plane
loads of experts" to re-occupy
their former posts;
Q. That Belgian interests were
actively arming various Congolese
factions and inciting them to civil
war;
8. That Col. Joseph Mobutu, the
military "strong-man" who has so
far succeeded in immobilizing
Premier Patrice Lumumba, was
guilty of ''usurpation of political
powers which he attempts
to exercise through a College of
Commissioners appointed by him
self -;
4. That the Congolese Army,
supposedly controlled by Col. Mo-
butu, was not a stabilizing force
but, on the contrary. "the prin-
cipal fomenter of lawlessnesS."
Evening star., 1960-11-06

tories. Such a weapon. although
nuclear, would not produce the
blast and heat damage of the
atomic and hydrogen bombs.
Rather it would release neutrons
and act like a death ray" to kill
all life within its range.
Evening star., 1960-11-06
Eisenhower Help

The Vice President had reasons
for cheer last week despite the
tolling Of the polls: President
Eisenhower's continued all-out
effort in his behalf and the mon
ster crowds, which came out to
greet him in New York, South
Carolina and Texas. In some
cases. including Manhattan, Mr..
Nixon outdrew Mr.. Kennedy, a
fact which may or may not have
any significance.
To the reports that the Ken
Evening star., 1960-11-06
Lumumbo Role

But Mr.. Hammarskiold and the
U. NJ. already under heavy fire
from the Communist bloc as
"lackeys of imperialism" we're un-
swayed by the sentiments of
Washington, London and Brussels.
If Mr. Lumumba returned to
power. the U. N. reasoned. it
would be because he was duly
elected under the Congolcse in
dependence charter, and it was
Evening star., 1960-11-06
Religious Issue

The biggest imponderable. one
which has made timid souls out
of some of the most blitheful
prognosticators. is the religious
issue. This may be put briefly
in the following question:
What effect will the Roman
Catholicism Of Mr.. Kennedy have
on the outcome Of the election?
No one, of course, can say with
any assured authority until the
Voice of the People has made
its choice known on Tuesday.
Even then it may be difficult to
guage scientifically.
Nevertheless. one widely held
view is that Mr.. Kennedy prob
ably will be the net gamer. The
reasoning goes like this: He will
lose a few Southern and Mid
western States (where the farm
problem and anti -Bensonism ap-
parently have been submerged
because of his faith. But he will
pick up several of the big in
dustrial States. with their large
Catholic populations, East Of the
Mississippi and North of the
Mason Dixon line.