Evening star., 1960-08-21

WCdPOll Vi uCthSINGIlB pO"cI
that would knock Japan out of
the war. When Mr.. Truman
conferred with Stain on the
18th. he already had seen a
dramatic message telling of
the success Of the first atomic
test at Alamagordo, New Mex
leo. on July l6. Gen. Leslie R.
Groves. chief Of the Manhattan
Project. had said the weapon
would be ready for use in the
Pacific about August /.
Fourth, unconditional sur
render Of the Japanese was
United States Government pol
icy. first proclaimed at the
Cairo conference in 1943. 1t
had also become Stains pol
icy. On May 28th at the Krem-
lin, according to the Potsdam
papers, he told Harry Hopkins,
Mr.. Hartman and Mr.. Bohlen
that he favored unconditional
surrender and therefore felt 1t
would be wiser to do away with
the institution Of the emperor, "
according to Mr.. Bohlen's notes.
Emperor a Factor
Both Secretary Byrnes and
former Secretary of State Cor
dell Hull opposed efforts Of Un-
dersecretary Of State Joseph C.
Grew and Secretary of War
Henry L. Stimson to modify
unconditional surrender" to
the extent of letting the
Japanese keep their emperor
Both assistant secretaries OF
state, Archibald MacLeish and
Dean Acheson Qater Mr.. Tru-
mans Secretary of State)
backed up Secretary Byrnes ir
opposition to Mr.. Grew and Mr.
Stimson. On July s, 1945, Mr.
MacLeish wrote a top secret
memo to Mr.. Byrnes which sale
in part:
What has made Japan dan.
gerous in the past and vii
make her dangerous in the
future If we permit it. is, ir
large part. the japanese Gull
of emperor worship which give
the ruling groups in Japan
the Gumbatsu-the curren
coalition Of militarists, indus.
trialists. large land owners anc
Office holders-their contro
over the Japanese people.
"As Mr.. Acheson pointed ou
in the staff committee. the ms
titution Of the throne is AZ
anachronistic. t e u d a institu
ton. perfectly adapted to thu
manipulation and use Of ana
chronistic, fe I'D al m in d e {
groups within the country"
In a meeting in Mr.. Grew
office on July 7th. the Under
secratary renewed his argu
ments for letting the Japanes
keep the emperor and Mr.. Mac
Leish again argued against him
as did Mr.. Acheson.
Mr.. Acheson." according t
! the notes Of James H. Lewis
E foreign affairs specialist. sal
. "he could not understand why
if the emperor had no import
ance in japanese war-makin
capacity. the military elemen
2 in Japan should be so insisten
! on retaining the emperor"
: HirohitO Had Switches
l At that very moment, how
S ever. Emperor Hirihito ha
thrown his prestige against tn
e military clique and was advo
= eating an early suit for peac'
k On July II. 1945. in one {
the many peace messages zip
Y ping between Foreign MiniSte
/, Togo in Tokyo and Ambassadc
d Sato in Moscow. Mr.. Tog
e represented Emperor Hirohit
o thus:
;, His majesty the emperor
:, greatly concerned over the dali
u increasing calamities and sac
IL rifices faced by the citizens
o the various belligerent cour
tries in this present war an
it is his maiestv's hearts desil
= to see the swift termination
the war"
y The Potsdam papers reve'
the swift chronology Of dool
after the July 18th meeting
e Stain and Mr.. Truman.
q On July 81. Foreign Ministt
'e Togo sent Ambassador SAT
d the goals Of the Konoye mi!
" sion which Stain had de
manded:
~ The mission Of the specii
- envoy Konoye is to ask tt
,s Government of the U.S.S,R. II
70 it's assistance in terminatir
II the war and to explain ol
10 concrete intentions concernir
70 the matter in accordance wit
n the wishes Of the emperor"
If On July "a Mr.. Stimson mac
a last unsuccessful effort wit
= Mr.. Truman to have the prt
lie iected ultimatum to Japan II
m dicate a continuance OF tt
ID dynasty. The same day Pres
in dent Truman informed Stall
of the existence Of the atom
Is bomb.
Sc On July 25 Mr.. Stimson ar
= President Truman approve
l. orders written in Washingtc
n, to drop the first atomic bon
-