davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-01-03
were legalized and new elections

were legalized and new elections
held.
U. S. Accused
In q series Of acrimonious ses-
sions Of the q. N. group, Ghana's
Daniel Chapman accused United
States Henry Cabot Lodge, who
favored independence on schedule,
Of making "piouS statements"
while ignoring the reality Of the
urge for freedom of colonial rule"
conveniently forgetting that 1t was
the United States which was ad-
vocating such freedom and Ghana
which intended to deny it unless 1t
could be achieved on her terms.
Ahidjo, whose self-effacement
and air Of studious calm are In
sharp and refreshing contrast to
the bombast Of better-known
black nationals, countered Mou-
mics charges Of oppression by
pointing out that the number Of
political prisoners in CAMERON
had been reduced from 2,303 to
56 during his regime. all Of those
still in prison being convicted
murderers. Political exiles. the
Premier added. would be welcomed
home when they renounced vio-
lence as an instrument of policy.
Ahidjo, who has little more than
an eighth grade education, prom
ised elections soon after indepen-
dence but said his government
would not lift its ban on the blood
stained UPC. The motion for
independence passed with 56
affirmative votes, the Soviet bloc
and most Afro-Asian nations
abstaining.
Moumie's oath-Sworn terrorists
reacted by instituting q new wave
of violence which has reached
near-Mau Mau proportions: 20
French and more than 900 Afri-
cans have killed In the last six
months alone and total casualties
since the rebellion began probably
Evening star., 1960-01-03
BY EARL Fl. VOSS
star star Writer

Soviet First Deputy Premier
Mikoyan's recent visit to Mexico
and his association with some Of
the Stalinist Communists who
plotted Leon Trotsky's assassina-
ton there revived memories on
both sides Of the Iron Curtain.
Trotsky's killer is expected to be
released this year from the Mexico
City prison term to which he was
sentenced for his crime.
The pSychopathic Stain had
been as intent on rubbing out his
hated and feared rival for control
Of the Bolshevik revolution as he
had been on liquidating chal-
lengers much closer to home.
Issac Don Levine Of Waldorf,
Md, one Of the outstanding au-
thorities on Stalinist Russia and
the vast Soviet espionage net
work. has just written book CThe
Mind Of an Assassin; Ferrar,
Straus d Cudahy) to prove Trot-
sky's murderer is not q Belgian
as he claimed but q Spaniard.
Ramon Mercader.
According to Mr.. Levines ac-
count Mercader was trained for
his mission by his own mother, a
bizarre Communist who later re-
ceived the Order Of Lenin from
Stain himself. Secret Police Chief
Lavrenti Beria repeatedly escorted
her to the Kremlin for the award.
The StoIinist Net
Mercader's mother had put her
son in contact with q Mexican
artist then believed to be the
leader Of the Stalinist net operat-
ing in Mexico, then plotting to kill
Trotsky. The artist. David Alfaro
Siqueiros, had provided an office
in Mexico City and other cover"
for Mercader, who was gradually
working his way into the conf
dence Of the Trotskyites.
Mercader. posing a. a Belgian
Communist named Jacques Nor
nard. had Seduced an American
girl who was q friend and follower
Of Trotsky. He had brought her
to Mexico City to live with her.
and had used her to ingratiate
himself into the Trotsky house
hold.
Mercader's first assignment in
the murder ring was merely to
case" the Trotsky villa and It's
complicated guard system.
On q night in May. 1910, the
artist. David Alfaro Siqueiros, was
the ringleader, according to Mr..
Levine and some Mexican author
tiles. In an abortive machine-gun
assault on Trotsky's barricaded
villa. Bullets sprayed all over the
TrotSky bedroom and the attack
ers probably went away thinking
Trotsky had been killed. He sur
vived somehow by taking refuge
on the floor.
Sidueiros was brought to trial
but released under Suspicious cir
cumstances. He fed td Chile until
Evening star., 1960-01-03

Tammany Hall-lined up enough
support to convince the French,
who have pumped more than $500
million into CAMERON in the last
decade. that independence could
take place on schedule.
But there was another political
battle to be fought, this time on
the International level, before
Cameroon's red, yellow and green
tricolor could be unfurled. Moumie,
who commuted regularly between
his Cairo base and Peiping, Mos
COW. and the U. N. Trusteeship
Council, moved his headquarters
from Egypt to Conakry, capital Of
newly independent Guinea. There
the rebel leader gained the ear of
President Sekou Toure and Of
Ghana's Kwame Nkrumah. in
duced them TO place before the
TrusteeShip Council motion call
ing for a delay of Cameroonian
independence unless the UPC
Evening star., 1960-01-03
By JACK MACBETH
Contributing Writer

HONG KONG.-If serious po-
litical differences have arisen be-
tween the Soviet Union and Red
China, as some reports from
abroad have speculated. the word
has not yet reached this listening
post.
From all the Peipins reports
here there 10 nothing 10 indicate
any significant falling out between
the two titans Of the Communist
world. Divergent views on how to
get where they're going. yes: but
as 10 their ultimate destination,
no.
Even II they start quarrelling,"
said one expert on Chinese main
land affairs. you can be sure
they'd patch 1t UP quickly and
quietly. Each realizes fully that a
permanent split would be disas-
trous for both. It's that simple"
In foreign affairs. the leaders OF
both countries have proclaimed
loudly and frequently their in
sistence that international dis
putes be settled by negotiation. In
Peiping last September 30, Soviet
Premier Khrushchev stated for
mally that "the Socialist system
cannot be imposed by force Of
arms If the people do not want It,"
Exponsionist Wornins3
This sounded to many like
warning against Chinese expan-
sionist tendencies but. viewed
against the Soviet record in Hun
gary, East Germany and else
where, 1t is unlikely this was taken
too seriously in Peipins. Especially
50 since, before concluding his
remarks, the Russian leader did
make special allowances for lib
Grating. just wars"
Where the two great Commu-
mist nations do differ sometimes,
however. is on q matter Of tao
tics. Discussing recent criticism by
"rightist opportunists" Of the
Peoples Commune movement as
being ill-advised in the light Of
their failure 10 years ago in Rus
sia, Running party newspaper
recently commented:
"The Peoples Communes will be
established correctly, quickly and
satisfactorily II we study and learn
from Soviet experience. with a
correct attitude toward Marxism-
Leninism and with the thought of
Mao Tse-tung."
This was just one Of the fire.
quent and ever increasing in
stances where Chairman Macs
name 10 mentioned and grouped
with those Of the Soviet fathers of
the so-called world revolution. In
variably, offlcial mainland pro-
nouncements dutifully bow first
in the direction Of Moscow and
then quickly make sure that
China's own Mao gets his full
and equal share Of the tribute, q
practice which is viewed here sim
SIY Is q natural N @nifestation Of
Evening star., 1960-01-03
New Iron Curtain Spot Seen
For Assassin of 7 rotskv

"Mornard" was seized by the
old mans guards and beaten, but
carefully preserved for further
questioning Later he was turned
over to Mexican authorities.
AS the time for his release now
draws near, Mercader is no doubt
doing a lot of thinking about his
future In the outside world. Inside
the prison he has become q sue
cessful businessman. supervising q
radio and television repair shop,
as Is permitted under Mexico's
advanced program for rehabilitat-
ing criminals.
There must be scores Of men
left in the Soviet secret police net
work who believe the only safe
way to deal with Trotsky's assas-
sin is to assassinate him in turn.
If Mercader were to talk he could
implicate many big names. inside
the Khrushchev regime and else
where. 90.
Mercader has reason to be EN-.
bittered. The system to help him
escape left much to be desired.
And the Stalinists treated Mer.
cader's mother shabbily. After. .
brief moment of glory in Moscow,
she was forgotten. Disillusionment
and remorse set in. She went to
Mexico City to try to arrange her
sons release, but an auto tried to
run her down. She lives in Paris
today. apparently still under the
eye of the Soviet secret police, but
no longer a worker In the RED
cause.
Choices for Mercoder -,
When he is released. Mercader
has three broad choices: Live
openly in the free world; try to
hide: or move behind the Iron
Curtain and throw himself on the
mercy of the Khrushchev regime,
which, some say. is soft-pedalling
terror these days.
Recently the willy Armenian who
survived all Stains purges. Anas-
tas Mlkoyan. few to Mexico City
for a state visit.
David Alfaro Siqueiros, once
again a leader in the Mexican
Communist party. headed a band
Of about 200 Mexicans who greeted
Mikoyan at the airport with shouts
Of Long Live Russia" and Long
Live the Soviet Union"
There were receptions for Mi
koyan by leftist and Communist
leaders and 1t is presumed here
that the word was passed to Trot-
sky's assassin that he ha not been
forgotten. Speculation in Mexico
City is that Mercader plans to
take his chances behind the Iron
Curtain.
Mercader gave his first inter-
view since going to prison-a six
word answer to a question put by
q reporter Of the Escelsior about
his future plans-six days after
Deputy Premier Mikoyan's arrival
IN Mexico City, on November Il.
They have need Of me else
where" he said.
Evening star., 1960-01-03
REPORTS ON RED CHINA
Soviet Peace a Necessity

In Tibet, PeipinE was more
ruthless and more successful and
now. by slapping Premier Nehru
with evident impunity. 1t would
seem that Red China can again
point to herself. both for home
and external consumption. as the
mighty new Asian nation with
whom 1t pays to be on reasonable
II not altogether friendly terms.
This despite the fact that China
today is plagued by internal prob
lens, some Of them embarrassing
and some painful.
Throughout the 10 years since
500 ,O00, 900 Chinese either Joined
or were drafted into communism.
hosts Of Hong Kong observer"
have watched and shifted the
northern winds for straws Of
significance from beyond the
frontier fences. Unmolested and
publicly, they have thus been able
to bite well into the wall Of
Peiping propaganda.
"Ars Having Their Troubles"
But to the more serious students
among these China specialists, 1t
seems that some Of them have
been a little over-zealous In their
efforts to find fault with the main
land regime and have not in fact
told the whole story. One seasoned
British diplomat put 1t this way:
THE Communists in China are
having their troubles, plenty OF
them, and we know they have
been cooking some Of their statis-
tical reports. But 1t is wrong day
by day to give the people only
part of the picture. and the fact
remains that in many fields they
have been making remarkable
progress. Certainly. they are physi-
cally stronger now than they've
ever been"
A most important fact, accord
ing to we'll informed opinion here.
is the success the Chinese Com
munist Party has had in keeping
the massive Chinese army under
the party thumb. 1t Is now known
that every unit from division
down to platoon has It's own po-
litical commissar at least equal
in rank to that Of the purely
military commander.
In the disciplinary treatment
Of political dissidents, or produc-
ton delinquents, or others HARM
full Ito true socialist construction"
the Peiping authorities no longer
resort to the past expedient Of
mass executions. Instead, they
are now employing the principle Of
reform through labor"-a euphe-
mism for perpetual forced labor.
From mainland press reports
appearing in Hong Kong, 1t Is
evident that the establishment Of
Peoples Communes throughout
the country has met with frequent
and occasionally active resistance,
so much so that in recent months
a concerted campaign has been
carried out to promote their gen.
eral acceptance.
The coplsy Ns$s Service
Evening star., 1960-01-03

units from Algeria prevented the
active spread Of the revolt. The
election went of on schedule and
tough-talking Andre Marie M'Bida
became Cameroons' first African
Premier.
Leaders Flee
When the revolt wore on into
1857. the British ordered the
UPC leaders to cease political
activity or quit their sector.
Moumie and other conspirators fed
to Cairo leaving the rebels holding
the bag: Um Nyobe, who attended
American-run Presbyterian mis-
sion schools as boy. stayed in
the French sector to share the fate
Of his maquis. He was killed in
action against a French-led patrol
late in 1858.
AS the rebel bands intensified
their operations, criticism Of
M'Bida's heavy-handed regime
mounted. After a scandal in
which the strapping, ebony-hued
Premier was implicated in the
fatal beating Of q suspected terror
ist. M'Bida's government fell and
the 4l-year-old politician anony-
mously fed the country.
His successor. 36-year-old ANA
doV Ahidjo. who accepted in
his bougainvillaea -draped capital
Of Yaounde the worlds congratu-
lations on the occasion Of Gamer
oon's independence. adopted q
conciliatory policy which led thou
sands Of rebels to lay down their
arms. Ahidjo, q former radio
operator with deep-set, intense
eyes and q wisp Of a moustache,
then set about rebuilding his
devastated country. AS architect
Of his political coalition, devout
Moslem Ahidjo chose energetic,
blubbery (275 poundO Roman
Catholic Charles Okala,. q cham
pagne-before- breakfast bon vivant
who-quicker than you can say
Evening star., 1960-01-03
CAMERON Faces Troubles in It's Independence

exceed 5000. Now the revolt has
spread from the Bassa country in
the south to populous Bamileke
area Of the northwest. AS q result,
soft-spoken Amadou AhidJo has
declared q state Of emergency
which allows him to rule BY fat
in half Of the country's 20 cantons.
CIoshes Are Frequent
Heavily armed police and army
task forces now patrol the hills
Of the land-short Bamileke, q
progressive and virile tribe which
makes UP a fifth Of Cameroon's
total population. Clashes with
terrorist bands are frequent and
bloody. Villages have been stock
AIDED and watch-towers thrown up.
Others have been burned and their
inhabitants have scattered into the
forest. some to escape the maquis,
others in fear Of government re-
prisals. Ex-Premier M'Bida has
joined Moumie, once his arch
enemy. in Conakry, and Czech
arms are beginning to show up on
captured rebels.
Not even the fact of independ-
ence has been enough to rally all
Cameroonians behind Ahidjo's
conservative government and the
reasons are not difficult to find.
CAMERON ethically Is split
among 200 tribes-the country has
been called the racial crossroads Of
Africa-and little love Is lost be-
tween the various tribes. Religious
feeling runs high and the proud
Moslems Of the north have moth
ing but contempt for darker
skinned but more advanced South
erners, who are mostly Christian
or pagan. And there is considerable
animosity between Catholics and
Protestants. The old tribal society,
subjected to new political and eco
nomic pressures, Is breaking down
and no new cohesive force has
arisen to take its place. Tribal
jealousies, religious friction, and
unsettled social conditions have
combined to make CAMERON
easy prey for political agitators.
Social and economic programs
which might have relieved the
pressure to some degree have not
been forthcoming because Gamer
oon is poor ct has only 300
miles Of railway, 400 miles Of
paved roads,. France has had to
directly subsidise so per cent Of
the country's annual budget Of
$50 million.
Moy Spreod
The great danger Of the situa-
ton lies in the possibility that
terrorism might spread to British
Cameroons, which has voted by
q slender margin to abandon its
membership in the Nigerian feder-
alton with the avowed purpose Of
political unification with Gamer
oon at . later date, and from
there to Nigeria. which already
has Its own internal frictions.
1t is expected that Cameroons
win apply Immediately for adrnis-
sion as the United Nations S3d
member. Although 1t Is unlikely
that the Soviet and Afro-Asian
blocs will vote against admission,
some at least are expected to
abstain. With independence,
CAMERON leaves the French
community: Premier Ahidjo may,
however. seek readmission to the
Evening star., 1960-01-03

terinE serious difficulties on the
economic front. To detract at
tention from these problems at
home, observers believe that a
display Of force was needed to
remind $50 million Chinese Of
their great achievements, their
destiny and their overwhelming
physical power.
There was q time, when Red
China sought by peaceful pene-
trstion to gain footholds through
out the Far Eastern regions,
particularly among the so-called
uncommitted countries. In this
the Chinese we're initially success
full to the point Of establishing
local control in India's Kerala
state and also of winning repre-
sentation In the Laotian govern
ment. In both areas communism
later suffered the humiliation of
expulsion.
Must Reeoin Prestige
Since loss of face is the worst
of all fates in Asia it was obvious
that communism in general and
China, in particular, had to do
something to regain the lost
prestige Although so far there
is no firm evidence of active
Chinese participation in the
Laotian rebellion, 1t is known to
enjoy Communist inspiration and
Communist support, and it has
not yet beeak ouelled.
Evening star., 1960-01-03
By SMITH HEMPSTONE
contributing Writer

YAQUNDE, CAMERON. - Cali
fornia sized ex-French Cameroons
gained its independence Friday
and found itself q house divided
as anti-government terrorists step
ped up their 5-year-old cam
paign to unseat conservative
Premier Amadou Ahidjo.
The new nation Rnown as
Cameroon) is situated on Africa's
west coast between Nigeria and
French Equatorial Africa. 1t be-
comes the continents 11th nation.
Four more states-Togo. Semalia,
Nigeria and .Mali-are slated for
independence this year:
CAMERON was colonized by
Germany late in the last century.
At Versailles, the country was
split into two League Of Nations
mandates, Britain taking a pair
Of non-contiguous strips (adjoining
her colony Of Nigeria) which to-
gether are the size of Austria and
have as many people as Cleveland.
France took the larger sector,
which has q population of 81 mil
lion, and will have q continuing
interest in the new state because Of
the vast Edea hydroelectric and
metallurgical complex, which pro-
= duces enough aluminium (45,00O
tons per year, to make CAMERON
the worlds eighth largest producer
Of this strategic alloy. There are
still 10000 French in the new re-
public, which has red orchids Is
feet high. giant frogs with feet as
big as a mans fist, and q galaxy
Of bugs. most Of them Of bel
ligerent disposition.
independence Demonds
Trouble began for the former
French territory (the British
sector will remain 9 U. N. trust
for at least q year, in 1855 with
the formation Of rUnion des
Populations du Cameroun. its first
nationalist organization, which ad-
vocated immediate independence
and unification with British Cam
eroons. When rioting took place.
the French, who maintained that
the movement was Communist-in-
spired. drove UPC leaders Felix
Moumie and Ruben Um Nyobe into
exile in the British sector, and
promptly staged elections.
Rather than see others pluck the
political plums from the tree
which it had shaken, the UPC
determined to burn down the
whole orchard Moumie estab-
lished government -in-exile in
the shadow Of 'fiame-spewing
Mount CAMERON, an active vol
cano and the highest peak Q3,37o
feet in West Africa, sent Um
Nyobe. q barrel-chested terrorist
trained in Prague. across the
border into the French zone to
raise the standard OF revolt. The
former government clerk un-
leashed a reign Of terror among
his fellow Bassa tribesmen in the
stream-creased. shamrock-green
hills Of Sanaga Maritime Province.
Although the UPC guerrilla
chief managed to assassinate
several conservative African poll
ticians and to throw the country
into an uproar. the opposition Of
Moslem and Catholic tribes (most
OF the rebels are Protestants or
pagsns) and the timely arrival Of
hattle-hardened French paratrOop
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1960-08-04

Mrs Ray Billmcycr was Sun
day dinner guest of the Ira waste
family at Bittingcr
Mr. and Mrs Joseph Resi- Wis
tied Z sgt James 5. SWauGcr and
family at Elkins, w. Va, on Sun
day.
Mrs. Howard Mckenzie and FL
len Ann returned home Sunday af-
ter visiting Mr. and Mrs Clark
Wi.burn, Baltimore.
Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Resi- and
Mr. and Mrs. Stewart Stahl visited
the Ira waste family at Bittingcr,
Friday evening Oma waste, Of
Anchorage, Alaska, who is spend
ing some time with her brother
showed slides of places of interest
in Alaska.
Mr.. and Mrs. willard Yommer
and children, Cleveland, O., are
visiting Mr.. and Mrs. Paul Resi-
and Mrs. Jessie Yommcr.
Mrs Ernest HandWcrk is visiting
Mr., and Mrs Charles Bishop and
family Baltimore
Mr. and Mrs. Harold Brown and
son, Of Baltimore, visited her par
cnts, Mr.. and Mrs. Elmer SWauger
over the weekend.
Clark burst and Garland burst,
who are employed at Sugar Grove
w. Va, spent the weekend at
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1960-08-04

Mrs. Harry Seggie.
Misses Phyllis and Suzanne Bow
ser are spending a week in Cum
berland with their aunts, Mrs.
Francis Burke and Mrs. Margaret
Drombrosky.
MIR. and Mrs. William Maras and
family, of Belle Vernon, were Sat
urday evening guests of Mr.. and
Mrs. Webster Hoover.
Esther Kahl spent some time in
Washington visiting her uncles and
aunts, Mr. and Mrs. Dean Vanden-
driessche and son, and Mr.. and
Mrs. Leo Brobst and daughter
Rev. Rogers Fike, of Oakland,
spent Friday evening with Mr., and
Mrs. Dale Rush and family.
Miss Mary Spcichcr, Hyattsville,
spent Sunday afternoon with Mr.
and Mrs. Clayton Speicher. Miss
Speicher is visiting with relatives
and friends this week
Mr.. and Mis-. Leo Sisler and
family, Baltimore, we're weekend
visitors of Mr.. and Mrs. Roy Kahl
ald family.
Miss Mary Catherine jenkins.
gainesville, o., spent the weekend
with Mr.. and Mrs. Ray Article and
family.
Tom Spcichcr and Fay Alex
ander are spending this week at
Camp Galilee, near Terra Alta, w.
Va.
Mrs. Jenny Adams, of Florida,
visited for several days last week
with Mr.. and Mrs. Dale Rush and
family.
Mr. and Mrs. Charles Wolff and
sons, Long Island, ~ Y, returned
to New York, Tuesday, after
spending a week visiting Mr. and
Mrs. Clayton Speicher and family.
Mr.. and Mrs. Jonas l.. Fazen-
baker we're Sunday evening sup
per guests of Mr. and Mrs. Wayne
O'Brien and Eddie
Mr.. and Mrs Walter Richter
spent Sunday afternoon with Mr..
and Mrs Jasper Riley and Miss
Rhoda Glover
Mahlon Georg returned to Fort
Dodge, Iowa, on Friday after
having visited relatives and friends
here.
Mr. and Mrs. Dale Rush and sons
visited Mr.. and Mrs Dcane Rush
and family, Sunday evening.
Mrs. Elizabeth Kunklc, Kent, o.,
is spending several days with MIR.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1960-08-04
Accident Personals

MIR and Mrs. Lee Roberts. Mrs.
Ada Sharplcss, of Akron, o.; Mrs.
Nora Elmo, Baltimore; and Mrs.
Sherman F'razec spent several
weeks in Florida visiting their
brothcr-in-law and sister, Mr.. and
Mrs Arthur Gilbert. on their way
home they visited Mr.. and Mrs.
Paul GCOrg in Gambrills, Md, and
their aunt, Miss Clara Georg, at
the Augsburg Home, Baltimore.
William c. Spcicher, son of Mr..
and Mrs. Clayton Speicher, left
Friday from Pittsburgh for sum-
mCr camp at Greenville, Miss.
Cadet SpCichcr will take four
weeks Of ROTC Air Force train
ing Misses Beverly Spcichcr and
Louise Coddington accompanied
him to the airport in Pittsburgh.
Bob Fratz' Barber Shop will be
closed on August Is.
The Brethren Ladies' Aid will
meet Friday evening, August 5, at
the home of Mrs. Clark Schlos-
magic.
Those attending the Potomac
Edison picnic at Frostburg, from
here, on Thursday were Mr.. and
Mrs. Harry Scggic, Susan and
George; Clarence Wicklow, Danny
Wicklow, Mr. and Mrs. Hobert
GcOrg and son, Mr. and Mrs. Carl
Glass and Larry, and Miss Phyllis
Glass.
Walter Wicklow and Roy Rex
road returned to White Sulphur
Springs, w. Va. after visiting
friends and relatives here for
week.
Mr. and Mrs Charles Quinn and
children, of Mahoningtown, Pa,
spent the weekend with Mr.. and