Evening star., 1960-04-22
COOLIDGE
Continued From First Page

ICBMs-or a system of buried
flxed-Site missiles protected
against enemy ICBMs by a
good warning system, or 4 COM
bination of the two. 1t would
take several years to produce
such a stable deterrent"
The administration ignored
this advice-which Mr.. Coolidge
considers basic to his whole
study-and went directly into
disarmament negotiation. 1t
has even made cessation of
nuclear weapons production
part of its disarmament pack
age.
2. Any agreement to ban
underground nuclear testing
should be avoided, since these
tests cannot ce detected with
any degree of certainty. And
without proper detection. cheat
ing is always possible. Also, to
build a better Small-war ca
pability, the report maintains,
the Pentagon needs more tests
Of small nuclear weapons. Even
a gentleman's agreement to
stop underground tests would
be dangerous in the opinion of
the Coolidge group.
Administration policy has run
directly counter to this advice.
1t has offered a treaty to ban
all large scale underground
testing and a gentleman'S
agreement to halt small un-
detachable underground ex-
plosionS.
3. The United States should
not consent to quick cutback
to a lower level of ornament
once an agreement is reached.
The report urges that a reason
able first goal be established
and that this country move
gradually toward that goal
while checking carefully to
make sure that the Russians
Are doing the same.
The administration agrees
with this analysis.
4. Nuclear arms should be
the last to be reduced. The
disarmament program would
begin with a few conventional
weapons and then, if that
works satisfactorily, some more
would go. The big missiles and
the bomber fleets would be held
until last.
Administration statements
have emphasized nuclear dis
armament, and so have those
of the Soviet Union. Coolidge
report supporters believe ad-
ministration policies will make
nuclear arms go first.
Seven Recommendations
The recommendations are:
/. More conventional war
forces should be built before
any arms agreement is signed.
This is one area in which this
country trails Russia.
The administration rejects
this advice.
2. The United States should
agree to keep nuclear weapons
out of earth satellites.
The administration agrees.
8. We should accept pro-
posals for a partially disarmed
zone through Central Europe.
This, says the report, would
help protect both sides against
surprise attack.
The administration is willing
to explore some sort of de-
militarized zone.
4. We should agree to ban
surface or outer-Space testing
of nuclear weapons.
The administration accepts
this, but would stop under
ground testing also.
5. We should agree to
strengthen the world court.
The administration agrees.
6. We should agree to make
greater use of the United Ma
tions in disputed areas. The
report notes the effectiveness
of U. N. forces in cooling off
border raids along the GAIA
strip and of U. N. observers in
stopping North Wet Nam in
cursions into Laos last year.
The administration would
not go as far as the Coolidge
recommendations. 1t would not
use the U. N. presence in Ber-
lin, for instance.
7. We should help codify in
ternational law as a step to-
ward substituting the rule of
law for the rule of force in
international affairs.
The administration agrees.
Written by Coolidge
The report is said to have
been written largely by Mr..
Coolidge and his personal assis-
tants, based on recommended
tions prepared by a crew Of
State Department and Penta-
gon disarmament and weapons
specialists.
Appointment of Mr.. Coolidge
to head the exploration of dis
armament policy was announced
last July by the White House
on the recommendation of
Secretary of State Herter. The
group worked until this January
when it turned its findings over
to the State Department. Re-
liable informantS say Mr..
Herter recognized that the
recommendations are counter
to administration policy and
urged that the President
pigeonhole the report.
A limited number of copies
of the report were sent-after
a delay of some weeks-to high
officials in the State and De-
fenSe Departments and the
Atomic Energy Commission.
The Joint Chiefs of staff of
the military services saw the
report and suggested that If