davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-06-26
By WILLIAM r. FRYE
Contributing Writer

UNITED NATIONS, N. Y.-The
Sino-Soviet assault on American
bases overseas has now reached
such magnitude and intensity, and
has had such alarming effect, as
to prompt new look at the Vests
whole grand strategy in the cold
war. -t
The objective of western STRAIT
egy is to contain-and one day, if
possible, to roll back-the tide of
Communist power and influence
in the world. The principal phys
ical instrument to that end is a
chain of air and naval bases
around the fringeS of the Commu-
mist empire.
Moscow and Peiping have been
pounding away at those bases
with thousands of rounds of dip
lomatic artillery ever since the
U-2 incident broke. For example:
Q In Moscow, Premier Khrush-
chev and Marshal Malinovsky,
among others, have repeatedly
sought to frighten American al
lies into neutralism by threats of
massive atomic repriSal. The
minimum immediate effect has
been to shoot down" the U-2
flights.
Q In Tokyo, snake dancing,
Evening star., 1960-06-26

ern delaying patterns" Mr..
Zorin last week renewed his
charges that trivial and irrele-
want" questions were being raised
by the Vests delegates in a
deliberate effort to stall the con-
ference.
Friedrich M. Eaton, chief Ameri-
can delegate, will be on hand this
week for the debates. He is ex-
pected to submit a revised West
ern proposal, drawn up in Wash
ington last week and cleared with
British, French and NATO officials
by Mr.. Eaton. A cabinet-leVel
conference in Washington Thurs
day made the final decisions on
the revised proposals, and Mr..
Eaton stopped of in London and
Paris on his flight back to Switzer-
land.
There was pesSimiSm, too, on
the outlook for a nuclear test ban,
and for substantially tae same
reasons. Mr.. Khrushch,:v is be-
lieved determined to achieve a
ban sooner or later. but again he
would rather wait until the Eisen-
hover name can be disaSSociated
from such gain. Both diSarma-
ment and the nuclear test ban
issues can and almost surely will
be brought before the United Ma
tions General Assembly this fall
by the Soviet bloc.
Evening star., 1960-06-26
More Patience

Soviet Russia, its darkest days
behind in the long struggle for
economic transformation, can af-
ford more patience. Additionally,
the threat of nuclear war is very
real to the Soviet Union, with a
very we'll developed economy and
a thriving productivity. To China,
on the other hand, the devasta-
ton of a few H-bombs would be
today far less disastrous than
such a holocaust would be to
Russia.
The cleavage is present, with
Peking leading the fight to en-
phasize the class struggle, the in
evitability of a showdown with the
forces of imperialism" and the
harsh, Stalinist line of implacable,
unyielding hostility to capitalism.
There is little question that this
attitude is shared by many Com
munist officials in all the other
Communist states.
But Mr.. KhruShchev and the
party secretaries of the other ma
tions of the Socialist camp appear
to be in firm control of the left
wing sectarians," as Pravda la
bells them. and peaceful co-exist-
ence for the present at least re-
mains the official party line"
Although the Romanian party
congress turned out to be, in
effect, little summit" confer
ence of Communist leaders, the
congress also tackled it's national
Evening star., 1960-06-26

him to abandon or moderate his
peaceful coexistence" policy and
return to the harsh intransigeance
of Stalinist days.
1t was also evident that the
theological cleavage between Pc
king and Moscow was something
more than a capitalist reporters
dream. The Chinese magazine
Red Flag. organ of the party the
oreticians, openly accused Mr..
Khrushchev of "deviating from
class reality" in his espousal of
peaceful co-eXistence with capi-
talist nations. In the jargon of the
Communist world, deviation" is
a serious charge indeed and has
brought many a hapleSs ideolog-
ical wanderer to a one-way trip
down the steps of the Lubianka
cellars.
But no one last week expected
the obvious RusSian-Chinese diff
ference of opinion to develop into
a major quarrel. China, diplomats
pointed out. is at a stage Of Com
munist development long since
passed by the Soviet Union.
Therefore the Chinese are impa-
tient and militant, with the evil
dent need to whip up tensions,
zeal and fanaticism SO that the
fruits of the revolution may be
the more quickly realized.
Evening star., 1960-06-26

only answer is to cling more
skillfully to existing positions.
When an enemy makes an all
out assault, the first and most
obvious implication is that the
position under attack would be
valuable to him and that there
fore it should be held the more
firmly. But perhaps war of fixed
positions is precisely what the
enemy wants; perhaps he wants
to go on pouring damaging fire
onto the exposed and vulnerable
adversary until the adversary is so
badly hurt there is no fall-back
position he can take and hold.
There is a minority in Wash
ington which thinks the latter
analogy is valid in the cold war.
This group seriously questions the
whole thesis that in the missile
era, a chain of air and naval
bases is the best or even useful
instrument to the overall end:
The containment and eventual
rollback of Communist power.
Reliance on Bombers
The American base system was
set up at a time when bombers,
rather than missiles, were the
principal form of deterrent power.
1t is designed to guarantee a
retaliatory blow if any part Of
Evening star., 1960-06-26
The Response

Western reporters were not ad-
mitted to the meeting at which
the Communist leaders spoke. But
texts were distributed quickly, and
the party secretaries were not
averse to talking with reporters.
Papers in Moscow, Budapest, War
saw, Bucharest and Sofia splashed
the KhruShchev story all over
their first pages. The Warsaw
journals took as a lead the "re-
buke" they said Mr.. Khrushchev
had administered to the Chinese
comrades. All the newspapers
stressed the line of mo alternative
to peaceful coexistence" as laid
down by the Soviet Premier.
Observers in Western capitals
were impressed by the boldnesS
of the Khrushchev "revisionism."
At the Paris summit meeting,
when the facade of personal diplo-
macy crumbled to expose the
familiar icy lines of the same old
cold war, it was being predicted
widely that the Soviet Premier
was headed for the Kremlin's
theological scrap heap. The Sta
linist faction in the Communist
hierarchy, it was said, had forced
Evening star., 1960-06-26
THE NATIONAL SCENE
Cards Are FoIIinq
Kennedy's Way

Senator Kennedy last week
moved nearer the Democratic
presidential nomination as
Mayor Wagner and 81 New York
delegates pledged their support
to him. Backers of Senator
johnson, however, predicted
victory for the Texan on the
third ballot.
Vice President Nixon drew
big crowds on a campaign trip,
speaking out for private enter
prise as method for speeding
. economic growth and outlining
some views on the farm prob
lem.
With a mere two weeks to go
before the Democratic Convention
opens in Los Angeles on July IL.
Senator John F. Kennedy of
Massachusetts, appeared to have
the presidential nomination near
ly within his grasp.
The 43 year : old Bostonian
moved to a really commanding
position last Thursday after 81
New York delegates pledged him
their votes. He is expected, final
ly, to get at least 100 of New
York's ia, but even the lesser
figure is more than one-ninth of
the 761 votes needed for the
nomination.
Earlier, Mayor Robert Wagner
of New York City gave up any
vice presidential ambitions he
may have held to announce for
Mr.. Kennedy. Former Gov. Averill
Hartman also Endorsed the Sem
ator. And the Liberal Party of
New York, a group which COM
mands about 100000 votes in a
national election. indicated it
would support him if he got the
Democratic nomination.
By the end of the week there
were all sorts of delegate counts:
Imaginative ones. realistic ones;
those listing promised" delegates
and those limited to pledged"
votes.
But by any yardstick Mr.. Ken
nedy was away out in front. The
Associated Press counted 523
delegates pledged to him. BackerS
of Lyndon johnson figured Mr..
Kennedy would have more than
600 on the first ballot. Most Ken
nedy supporters predicted some
what over TOO but one, Gov. G..
Mennen Williams of Michigan, in
a highly optimistic State-by-State
rundown. counted 789 votes-or
more than enough to win-for the
Senator on the first ballot.
Evening star., 1960-06-26
For rAIgerio:
Cedse-FHe?

The leaders of the Algerian
National Liberation Front and
the Algerian Provisional Gov
ernment accepted French Presi-
dent de Gaulle's offer of negOtia-
tiOns in Paris for a cease-fire in
the five-yeaf-Old rebellion.
In a cloak-and-dagger atmos-
phere reminiscent of a spy thriller,
an advance delegation of Algeri-
ans went to Paris. yesterday to
arrange for negotiations with the
French for an end to the shoot
ing war and to set the stage for
self determination" in Algeria.
The delegation took elaborate
precautions to avoid incidents on
their almost furtive arrival in
Paris. The precautions were OBJ
viously necessary, since the ques-
ton of Algeria has aroused fierce
Continued on Page D-4
Evening star., 1960-06-26
Kennedy

Can Mr.. Kennedy, who is so
near and yet so far from his goal,
make it? Will he be the first Cath
olic in 80 years to be selected as a
presidential nominee in either ma
jor party?
The answers to these questions
lie mainly with the Democratic
leaders in three States whose dele
gate strength totals more than 80
per cent of the magic 761. Cur
iously enough, these leaders all are
Catholics. They are Governors
Edmund Pat) Brown of Cali
fornia (8D and David L. Lawrence
of Pennsylvania (8D and Mayor
Richard Daley of Chicago, party
boss in Illinois (69.
If all three back Mr.. Kennedy,
it's all over but the shouting. If
two of the three jump early
enough, again it would mean a
highly likely Kennedy victory by
the second ballot. If only one in
dorses the Senator, he'll have to
find his victory-if he can-in
other sources. Gov. Brown said
late. in the week that he is lean
ing toward" Mr.. Kennedy.
Last week, the busy front-runner
did not concentrate on bloc votes.
He scrounged here and there for
zones and twos" among the dele
gates who still were uncommitted.
He picked up a few, according to
reports, in Delaware and Colorado.
The only place, it seems, where
he met resistance was in New Jer-
Sey and this is destined to be of a
temporary nature. There, Gov.
Robert Meyner, a Vice Presidential
hopeful whose wife is the cousin of
Adlai Stevenson, insisted on run
ming as "favorite son" despite the
advice and pleas of other New
Jersey Democratic leaders. Most of
the States votes, however, will go
to Mr.. Kennedy on the second
ballot.
Paul Butler, the controversial
Chairman of the Democratic Ma
tional Committee, last week as
serted that if Mr.. Kennedy is de-
MED the nomination because of his
religious faith there would prob
ably be a Catholic bloc" vote
against the man who does become
the Democratic standard bearer.
Evening star., 1960-06-26
johnson

The man who is expected to
give Mr.. Kennedy the most severe
competition, at the outset at least,
is Senate Majority Leader Johnson.
While he has not been able to
race around the countryside in
search of delegates because of his
congressional duties, his sup
porters, led by Oscar Chapman,
former Secretary of the Interior,
and India Edwards, have been
extremely busy in this depart
ment.
But the lanky Texan. who may
come into the convention with
close to 500 votes, has not been
Evening star., 1960-06-26
Stevenson

A band of die-hard Stevenson
supporters who expect the former
Illinois Governor to establish a
beachhead on the early balloting
at Los Angeles and go on to win
a third nomination began coor-
dinating their efforts last week.
James E. Doyle of Madison,
Wise, became national coordina-
tor of the group which listed
Senators Mike Monroney of Ok
lahoma and Carroll of Colorado,
Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt and Mrs.
Agnes E. Meyer, among its mem
berS.
The reluctant Mr.. Stevenson
said he was highly flattered"
over the development. Meanwhile,
he kept up his attack on the
Administrators foreign policies
and urged both parties to keep
Mr.. Khrushchev out" of the pres
idential campaign. He offered
this:
I'VE must keep in mind that
our chief problem is still how to
deal with. the Russians and Chi
neSe. 1t is not a matter of who is
soft and who is hard, but of who
is wise and who is stupid"
Mr.. Stevenson is the most likely
target of those who back hard"
line against international COM
munism. He has stressed "flexibil-
ity" and compromise" in foreign
policy.
Should he win the nomination,
the campaign doubtless would be
a slugging match. Whether the
words soft or hard, flexible or
rigid" are used the differences in
approach to the Sino-Soviet prob
lem probably would be aired Bit
terly.
AS for his plea to keep Mr..
Khrushchev out of the campaign,
there was an important addreSsee
left off his message. This was Mr..
K himself who last week continued
to interject himself into domestic
politics.
After conceding that it is for
the American people to decide who
their next President will be, the
Soviet boss said:
But our State, our people, of
course, are interested in the elec-
ton of such a President and the
formation of such a Government
as would remedy the mistakes
made by the present Government
of the United States"
Evening star., 1960-06-26

able to break out of his South,
Southwest and Border State en-
pire. This he must do if he is to
win at Los Angeles. Last week, he
took a new tack. He became a
vigorous critic of Eisenhower for
eign policy.
johnson supporters have turned
an optimistic face toward their
problem. Their prediction: Sen
ator Kennedy will falter after the
first ballot, on which the Texan
will get 502 votes. Victory will go
to Mr.. johnson on the third roll
call,
Evening star., 1960-06-26

chanting demonstrations have en-
gulfed a pro-American premier,
forced indefinite postponement of
a presidential visit, and driven
Japan many long steps toward
neutralism. Despite ratification
of a mutual defense treaty, ia
pans value to the United States
as an ally and base of cold-war
operations has been severely
compromised.
Q In Geneva, Soviet diplomats
have offered to trade MoScow'S
presumed missile advantage for
dissolution of the whole base sys-
tenn. Russia thus has seized the
diplomatic and propaganda Of
fensive in the disarmament field.
And the list could beslengthened.
Concentrated Assault
This Communist campaign is, of
course, new only in intensity and
scope. Moscow and Peiping have
never ceased trying to break up
the United States bases. But
never before has there been such
a concentrated, worldwide assault
as took place this spring.
Western diplomats, planning a
long-range response, have been
unable to come up with anything
that satisfies them. Some have
begun to question whether the
Evening star., 1960-06-26
A Successor

Premier KiShi'S party leaders
spent much of the week in ne
gotiations between various
factions toward selection of a
caretaker premier and cabinet.
Mr.. Kishi is expected to resign as
soon as a selection has been made
and an orderly election assured
the latter condition being in
considerable doubt.
A developing split in the leftist
leadership of the violent opposi-
tiCn to the security pact brought
predictions last week that the
Liberal Democrats, Mr.. Kishi's
majority party, will be able to
keep control of the Diet and thus
of the government. What is not
known, however, is the probable
political coloration of those
Liberal Democrats chosen in new
elections, since the party, essenti-
ally conservative, is made up of
widely divergent elements.
The Sohyo labor federation. a
leader in the recent protest
demonstrations, and the Socialist
Party pledged continued opposi-
ton to the security treaty. Under
the pact's terms, abrogation by
either party would be possible
only after the treaty has been in
force for 10 years. But the Social
lists insist that the pact sis a
dictatorial attempt to force upon
the japanese people a treaty
which they oppose"
Evening star., 1960-06-26
Hit at Delays

Diplomats at the Swiss Inter
national capital" speculated that
the Kremlin has decided that no
appreciable progress in improving
East-West relations is possible so
long as President Eisenhower re-
mains in Office. 1t was pointed out
that Mr.. KhruShchev's determined
campaign to discredit Mr.. Eisen-
hover as an apostle of peace
makes it essential that Geneva
produce no major results during
the Eisenhower incumbency.
Soviet bloc tactics thus far have
been to hammer away at West
Evening star., 1960-06-26
THE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
A Deepening Red Cleavage.

In Bucharest, Soviet Premier
Khrushchev stressed his con-
victiOn-and Communist policy
that war between the Capital
ist and Communist worlds was
not inevitable. Communist China
pOintedly disagreed.
1--WE cannot repeat today what
Vladimir Ilyitch Lenin said many
decades ago about imperialism,
and always repeat that imperialiSt
wars are inevitable so long as
socialism has not triumphed all
over the world" said Premier
Khrushchev Wednesday, in the
course of an address to the Third
Congress of the Romanian Work.
erS Party.
In our day, only madmen and
maniacs launch calls for a new
world war" the Russian leader de-
clared, adding that the axioms of
the Sainted Lenin had to be viewed
IN the context OF the modern
world, and not accepted as dogma
possessed of an ageless and unal-
terable verify.
In the rigid orthodoxy of world
communism in the past, such an
open insiStence on "moderniza-
ton" of the preachings of the
Prophet would insure the swift
termination of a Communists ca
reer. But the words of Mr.. Khru-
Shchev were explicit. Lenin'S
catechism, he told the assembled
chieftains of almost the entire
Communist world, was composed
lin completely different historical
conditions"
Evening star., 1960-06-26

program. Of principal concern
was a long-term economic plan,
a blueprint for Romanian ma
tional development during the
next five years.
Since the last party congress
in 1856, the delegates were told,
major advances have been made
in the economy. Volume of in
dustrial output in 1860 will be
five times larger than that of
. 1888, most of it ascribed to
greater productivity of labor. Sig
nificant gains were reported also
in exports and in. agricultural
production.
Evening star., 1960-06-26
The Bockers>

Promptly, the leaders of four
Eastern European nations of the
Communist camp backed the
Khrushchey position with en-
phatic approval: Antonin Novotny
of CzechoSlovakia, Walter Ulbricht
of the German Democratic Re-
public, Janos Kadar of Hungary
and Toder Zhivkov of Bulgaria.
The Romanian First Secretary,
Gheorghe Gheorgiu-Dej, had earl
ier taken a similar stand in his re-
marks opening the first session of
the party congress.
But there were no cheers from
Peking.
Instead, there was pointed
silence in the Chinese press and
on the airwaves of Radio Peking
on Mr.. KhruShchev'S remarks. A
brief item in the Peoples Daily
reported that the Soviet Premier
had addressed the Romanian party
congress and had been warmly
applauded." No mention was made
of his topic.
And in Bucharest, the leader of
the Chinese delegation, Peng
Chen, took the rostrum to make it
clear that Mao Tse-tung'S mill
tant regime was sticking to the
Communist bible in its funda-
mentalist form.
1.-THE aggressive and predatory
nature of imperialism will never
change" Mr.. Peng declared. Only
the "broadest possible anti-impe-
rialist united front, with the in
ternationalist Communist move
ment at its core" could insure the
destruction of capitalism, he con-
tended in an address in which the
term peaceful coexistence" was
conSnicIIolISlv absent
Arizona sun., 1960-06-09

Recently, Ella Fitzgerald the first
lady of song"-airplaned in from a
successful tour of Europe to appear
in a special segment at the 1861
Academy Awards in Hollywood ION
T.V) Ella it seems would have a
complete fifteen minute segment at
the Academy Awards to sing her fa-
nous interpretations of selections
from the complete works of George
and Ira Gershwin.
To the energetic Ella Fitzgerald
= more than any other medium =
her first love is the concert hall. And
she gives them around the world
South America, Europe, and through
out the United States. And coming
up soon-a musical tour of Russia!
There is no other medium | know
where | can express myself SO salts
factorily, or give myself musically as
in a concert hall, here. Il feel true
contentment- l am playing right
to my audience.
Ella Fitzgerald, and her Company
come to the Encanto Band Shell in
Phoenix, Friday Night, June 24th at
$50. Tickets to see the great musical
lady are now on sale at the Linde
Box Office, Hanny'S-1st ST. at Ad-
ans. Telephone: AL 4-2979.
Arizona sun., 1960-06-09

More honorS will come to the
Phoenix high school system this fall
when new experiment in teaching
biology will be introduced. In Phoenix,
one of IS selected centers, the expert
ment will be joined by Miss Arlena
Seneca, head of the biology depart
ment at South Mountain.
The new program called the Bio
logical Sciences Curriculum Study was
created to test new courses to improve
the quality of biology taught in Amer
ican high schools.
Miss Seneca, member of Delta
Theta Sigma Sorority will spend a
concentrated 7-week study period at
Indiana University, then join other
Arizona sun., 1960-06-09
AIosko's Negro
LeqisIufor Here
Cont. from Page y

Phoenicians were surprized to learn
from Mrs. McSmith that "AlaSka'S ed
ucation level is above that of most
places in U.S.A. and higher than Ari-
zona." This is because youth in her
state must attend school until they are
16.
The lady from Anchorage offered
with conviction that there is no in
tegration problem in my state. We
have white, Negroes, Indians Eskimos,
ScandinavianS and others and each
group respects the other"
Mrs. McSmith came to Arizona for
Arizona sun., 1960-06-09
AKA Awards
Scholarship

The Scholarship Committee of Del
ia Beta Omega Chapter of Alpha
Kappa Alpha Sorority, chaired by
Miss Veora Johnson, awarded its an
nual scholarships May %, at the
beautiful Spring Formal in the luxuri-
Gus Woman's Club given by the Inter-
est Group.
Recipients of the scholarships we're
Misses Inez Marie Young and Jacque-
line Frances Smith.
Inez Marie Young, Co-Valedicto-
rian of a class of 465 students OF
Mesa Union High School is the daugh-
ter of Mr.. and Mrs. Benjamin Young,
Sr. She is a member of the Future
Teachers of America, National Honor
society, the Spanish Club, Movie Club
and an active member of Emanuel
Baptist Church of Mesa where she
teaches an intermediate group in Sun
day School.
She plans to leave June II, for the
University of Arizona where she will
attend the Summer Workshop in
Chemistry on $500 scholarship
awarded to her by the National Sci
ence Foundation. In September she
will attend the University of Arizona
where she will major in mathematics
and chemistry.
Other scholarships received by Miss
Young are from Delta Sigma Theta
Sorority, the Marshall Foundation
Scholarship to the University of Ari-
zona, and an Arizona State University
Academic Scholarship. She also re-
ceived second place in the cancer essay
contest sponsored by the Junior Wo-
mans Club of Mesa
Miss Jacqueline Smith, versatile
daughter of Mr. and Mrs. j. Ford
Smith and the second AKA scholar
ship recipient, is graduate with dis
tinction and honorS from South Noun
tain High School. In addition to her
high scholastic attainment during her
four years of high school, she held
membership and offices in the Girls
League, Girls Athletic Association,
French and Latin Clubs, Nation Hon.
or Society, Parnassus Honor Society,
and was representative from South
Mountain High School to the Youth
Employment Service, of which she is
currently Assistant Director.
Miss Smith was 1859 debutante in
the Links Cotillion. She plans entering
Trinity University in San Antonio,
Texas in September and will major in
social work. (See photos, Arizona Sun,
June 2, 1860, Page s.