East Cleveland leader. [volume] (East Cleveland, Ohio) 1942-1970, 1960-02-25

nical and capital assistance
that we run into an alpha
bet jungle of titles and
a confusion of aims and
methods.
Technical programs of as
sistance evolved for two rea-
sons. Late in the 194O's the
greatest part of capital aid
was going to relatively de-
velOped countries to rebuild
the damages of World War III.
An infinitely smaller amount
of dollars was available to
less developed nations whose
greatest need was for tech
nical advice on specific
problems.
To pour out vast amounts of
money when there are no
trained workers Tor managers) },
little literacy, poor health, in
adequate food and poor agri-
cultural practices is folly.
The United States partici-
pates in technical assistance
plans with the United Nations,
with other groups of countries
and with a specific country.
Visual Aid For Illiterates
For underdeveloped and de-
veloping countries, agricultural
specialists, public health nurses
and teachers of vocations are
provided. Adequate research fa-
cilities and libraries are offered.
Fellowships for study in the
United States have been offered
to some 10000 nationals of
other countries. Illustrated ma
terial is sent to speed the learn
ing process in technical fields
and to areas where illiteracy is
the normal condition. This is the
Point 4 program which is ad-
ministered by an agency of our
State Department and costs
about $3.50 million.
Under the OAS (Organiza-
ton of American States) a
technical assistance program
has been set up in cooperation
with 21 Latin-American states.
There are Sc of these projects
in operation in Latin America
and 800 scholarships for train
ing are being offered.
The Colombo plan was
created in 1850 by the United
Kingdom and the British
Commonwealth countries in
Asi, The United States has
been associated with the CO.
IOmbo Plan since 1851 but has
not assumed much of the
responsibility.
Special Funds
Through the United Nations
we contribute to the Expanded
Program, OPEX Operative and
Executive PersonneD and tbs
Special Fund. The Expandet
Program costs the u. S. $12I
million. Other members of the
United Nations contributed POI
million. AS in Point 4, the
strength of the program is the
"expert." Only half of these
come from the United Kingdom,
France and the U. S. More and
more the developing countries
are assuming the responsibility
for teaching the less developed
nations.
OPEX concentrates on the
field Of government. A develop
ing country may request an ex-
pert in the running of an essen
tial government service. His
salary is paid by the host gov
ernment and supplemented by
U. N. contributions.
The Special Fund (our con-
tribution, $11 million) prepares
for progress by making special
surveys-for example, the de-
velopment of a major river
basin or desert reclamation. 1t
does not finance the project but
pays for the initial survey that
may attract private or govern
mental funds for development.
When these programs were
first begun, it was thought
that when personnel possess
ing the basic skills was avail
able, private investors, both
native and foreign, would be
willing to finance the further
development of these cOun-
tries. II has become evident
that private capital is not
interested in basic economic
projects, roads, harbOrs and
hydrO-electric plants. Capital
Assistance Programs have
been formulated to fill the
need.
The United States partici-
pates in the program of the
World Bank, an agency Of the
United Nations. SiXty-eight ma
tions owr stock in the bank; the
United States contributes 20 per-
cent e the working capital.