davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-09-15

block. too. Their prestige and
pride could hardly survive
losing Texas and perhaps
much of the South. They
know that a threat to Sen
ator johnson as Vice Presi-
dent carries the seed of
trouble for him as Senator.
His Republican opponent
is not formidable in himself,
but there are efforts to in
duce him to withdraw and let
former Gov. Allan Shivers
run in his place. If Mr..
Shivers could bring himself
to run in Texas as a Repub-
lican, and it could be ar
ranged, some party workers
think he might beat Senator
johnson, though the posi-
bility seems remote.
Even more important, Mr..
Rayburn and Senator john
son understand the economic
roots of the drive against
Senator Kennedy on religious
grounds. They know that the
nservative Protestant
clergy, however sincere they
may be personally. are being
financed and egged on by the
interests which fear and de-
test the Democratic platform.
Mr.. Rayburn and Senator
Johnson have protected the
controversial oil depletion
allowance and the devices by
which natural gas each year
costs the consumer more, but
they can smell those COM
Evening star., 1960-09-15
CONSTANTINE BROWN
No Early MoscoW-Peiping Break

own revolution and succeed
ing with it, was a Tito" to
begin with. Moscow certain
ly approves of Communist
take-overs, but only when
the Kremlin is doing the
directing and can absolutely
dominate the resultant pup
pet government.
} Independent Communists
are anathema to Moscow, and
almost surely will always be
so long as Soviet communism
itself, even inside the borders
of the Soviet Union. is the
most oppressive imperialism
the world has ever known.
We should not forget that
Imperial Russia, before the
Red Revolution. was a vast
empire. made up of subject
peoples who had been con-
quered, absorbed, subdued
and "colonized" by successive
Cars until the Russia of
1918 covered one-siXth of the
earth. That empire still ex-
lists unchanged, except that
its rulers now are Commu-
nists. Even the loss of the
Baltic states, Finland and
other areas after the, Rus
sian collapse and the revolu-
ton was made up at the first
opportunity, so that, with the
exception of Finland, all of
Russia's imperial possessions
have been reincorporated in
to the monolithic Imperialism
that the Kremlin rules today.
1t is just this conSidera-
tion-a historical fact-that
makes a fundamental cleav-
age between China and the
Soviet Union a possibility.
China's $50 million people.
growing at a furious rate
every year, can only look
with eager and eXpansionist
eyes at the great Soviet land
mass in Asia. sparsely popu-
lated today but capable of
supporting the hordes of
hungry Chinese. But the
showdown. if it comes, will
not be tomorrow or day after
tomorrow.
Evening star., 1960-09-15
RALPH McGILL
Gov. Collins Criticizes Lack of BoIdness
And ResourcefuIness Among Big Men

Florida's Gov. Collins, who
was the one person to emerge
from the Democratic National
Convention with increased
stature, believes too much of
Southern political leadership
has miserably failed to meas
ure up to responsibilities.
His bill of indictment is
Soundly drawn. It can't be
thrown out of court.
Speaking to Chicago eXecu-
tives, Gov. Collins told Of
the tremendous progress made
in the South. Business, he
said, has moved boldly. But
too many Southern political
leaders, he said, have been
neither bold nor resourceful
in facing the demands Of
change. The Governor said:
I'm the agony and travail
of meeting problems of racial
adjustment, too much of the
political leadership of the
South in our generation thus
far has failed miserably.
TOO many strong names
strong men, honored men
with past records glittering
with accomplishment - have
failed the South in it's time
of great need.
They have allowed the
South to search agonizingly
among the hot Goals Of de-
f1ance and in the ashes Of
bitterness.
They have failed to coun-
sci Southerners to be reason
able. to be patient, and. most
important of all, to look for
Evening star., 1960-09-15
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

By the time this campaign both candidates will
be the best qualified in history lead motorcade-or
charter airplane.
Jack Kennedys ode to Vincent Peale: II do not
love thee DR.. Peale The why can't conceal For
Jack you TOLL for Dick you peal thee Peale
Judging by the time devoted to the Pat for First Lady"
campaign there's doubt whether Nixon running
President reelection as a husband.
Very close election If something doesn't break soon it
may have to be decided by the voters.
There's difference between the vice presidential
ddates Lodge the type who'd offer
money while Lyndon johnson would roll you double
nothing
Evening star., 1960-09-15

ward and think and act con-
structively.
They have encouraged the
erection of barriers to COM
munication between men of
good will Of all races, thus
inevitably setting the stage
for conflict and disorder"
1t is not possible to muster
a dissent against this sum-
nation by Gov. Collins. The
processes of education have
been subjected to stresses and
strains which will, in some
areas, require years of re-
pair work to restore them to
efficiency. Civil violence. boy
colts and strife continue.
The damage done is not ir-
reparable, but it is substan-
tial and will long endure.
All Of this could have been
avoided had political leader
ship been willing, when court
decisions indicated the path
that had to be Travelled, to
make a show of good faith,
and a beginning.
That this political leader
ship still refuses to lead in a
handful of Southern States
is the more tragic. The most
recent court decisions, those
of Louisiana, have empha-
sized one aspect of the Su-
preme Courts decision in the
Little Rock case. This was
the decree that laws which
plainly were subterfuges or
had for their obvious pur-
poses the thwarting or eva
sion of the courts basic rule
Evening star., 1960-09-15
DORIS FLEEsoN
Grim Fun for Texas Democrats

modities in the political air
faster than anyone in public
life.
The Speaker almost let the
cat out of the bag at Dallas.
What has Nixon ever done
for TeXaS?" he-growled. And
he added: There's one breed
of cats I'll never understand
and that is the people who
got rich under Roosevelt and
Truman and hate them and
Democrats"
Such hints that they just
might be in the mood for re-
priSals will not be confined
to Texas. Senator johnson
has a wide variety of speak
ing dates, but he will soon do
rather intensive whistle-stop-
ping in the South.
He cannot crack the lead
ership whip quite so thor
oughly outside Texas, but
with the Speakers help he
holds a rather ample hatful
of IOU's. He can add with
all truth that if the Kennedy
johnson ticket loses through
Southern defections, Demo-
Gratis of the next Congress
outside the South will not
be in a forgiving temper.
Circumstances are differ
ent than when Mr.. Eisen-
hover, the popular hero, ran
twice. The Speaker and Sena-
tor johnson had almost tacit
alliance with that easy-go-
ing golfer. They know that
Vice President Nixon is
another cup of tea, and they
are running scared, not just
for now but for their future
in the Congress.
Evening star., 1960-09-15

Neither presidential candi-
date will discuss the problem
because both are afraid to
antagonize one side or the
other politically-yet it's Of
paramount Importance to the
country. It involves a simple
question: Why was there a
strike on the Pennsylvania
Railroad?
Everybody knows who lost
the strike-the public. I'm
told millions of dollars Of
damage was done to the busi-
ness of countless bystanders
who were not parties to the
dispute. Hardships were i'm
posed on individuals who
were unable to travel be-
cause the railroad was shut
down.
The Federal Government
stood by helpless. Not a single
law on the statute books au-
thorizes the executive branch
of the Government to act.
Congress was in session when
the strike was threatened and
knew that there were no laws
available to take care Of the
public interest. Yet nothing
was done.
Now. when the strike is
over, Michael Quill. the union
leader, claims victory, and
the board chairman Of the
Pennsylvania Railroad says:
This strike should never
have happened" and that
Mr.. Quill finally made an
agreement that he could have
had without a strike"
But when a devastating
strike of this kind happens,
there usually is no post NOR
tenn. The public never finds
out just who is to blame and
whether the strike really
could have been avoided. Ef-
forts to get at the truth are
usually blocked by the de-
sire Of both parties in a
strike to let bygones be by
cones and not to stir up new
antagoniSms. This time the
management side has issued
a statement which plainly
says that whatever was
granted will not cost the
railroads more than a mil
lion dollars a year and that
what was offered before the
strike amounted to approx
mately the same figure.
The railroads had strike
insurance financed by other
railroads to help them cut
down their losses during the
strike. while the union mem
bers had strike benefits of
Evening star., 1960-09-15
RALPH McGILL
Failure of Southern Leadership

were unconstitutional. The
Louisiana District Court has
underscored this point in de-
claring State laws unconsti-
tutional.
No State law and no pro-
vision of a State constitu-
tion which contravenes the
Federal is valid. This has
always been true. Now we
are made to understand it
by the most recent, en-
phatic decision in Louisiana.
The Deep South States
which have erected legal bar
riers against the United States
Supreme Court now know
them to be powerless. The
few States committed to de-
f1ance now understand that
ahead of them is the choice
Of closing all their school sys-
TENS or obeying court orders
when they are handed down.
The times cry for political
leadership to avoid that
chaos. The people deserve to
know the truth and to be led.
In Houston, and other Texas
cities. in Arkansas. in Rich
mond, the capital of the old
Confederacy, and in other
Southern States, we have
seen in this present Septem-
ber what can be done in
peace and order when there
is a will and leadership to
take charge. There are
signs all over the South that
younger men are restless be-
cause of this lack of leader
ship. But it cannot emerge
in time to prevent grave and
lasting damage which has
been done to education and
to the welfare of every COM
y,o,,Y,;f,y
Evening star., 1960-09-15
Labor Leaders Silence at Shutdown
Thot Hurt Public Is Called Amazing

their own awarded them
from a Federal fund financed
by a special tax levied on
the railroads.
Under the circumstances,
II is amazing that the labor
leaders Of the country have
been silent. They have not
denounced the failure Of the
union to accept arbitration
or fact-flnding boards that
would come up with binding
recommendations for settle
ment. Yet this is one of the
few procedures still available
to bring into play the proc
esses of reason.
The Pennsylvania Railroad,
although previously opposed
to compulsory arbitration.
was willing in the months
preceding the strike to &C
cept the verdict of an i'm
partial judge and to be bound
by the settlement. Michael
Quill refused. Yet when two
citizens are involved in a dis
pute as to compensation un-
der a contract. they go to
court and find themselves
bound by a form of COM
pulsory arbitration.
The railroads are a "regu-
lated monopoly" The rates
for passenger and freight
traffic are set by the Federal
Governments agency known
as the Interstate Commerce
Commission. Since the rail-
roads income is thus fixed
by governmental authority, it
has often been asked why
their wage costs should not
also be fixed the same way.
But nobody wants to see wage
or price controls extended
any further than is absolute
ly necessary. Will the arbi-
trariness of a single union
leader, however, cause Con-
gress now to enact legislation
making arbitration compul-
sorry or giving the Federal
Government the power to
seize the railroads in order to
keep them in operation for
the benefit of the public?
Just what was settled by
the strike? There is reason
to believe that the union got
very little more than it would
have gotten had it settled the
controversy without a strike.
In fact, it is said that 95 per
cent of what appears in the.
final settlement was offered
by the railroad before the
strike began. In the main,
what was added to the final
document was a formula for
Evening star., 1960-04-19

ing to exchange individual de-
termination for government
planning. They prefer govern
ment control and regulation to
the free enterprise system.
They are unwilling to wait for
development by private meth
DDS and desire immediate ac-
ton by the Federal and State
governments to bring their
plans into operation.
Within the last three dec
ades, these groups have made
alarming inroads into the
thinking of many Americans.
The power and control Of gov
ernment over the individual is
on the increase"
Warning of the dangers of
seeking material comforts,
"even at the expense of free
dom and justice" Mrs. White
said that, in the end, just as
the Athenian and Roman en-
pireS fell, the pursuit of secur-
ity may destroy the very free
dom which produces the ma
terial blessings"
The opening session also fea-
tured greetings from District
Engineer Commissioner A c
yelling. who presented to Mrs
White a key to the city; Charles
A. Jones, president general Of
the Sons Of the American
Evening star., 1960-04-19

Revolution; Mrs. John w.
Finger, senior national presi-
dent of the Children of the
American Revolution, and Linda
Tompkins Lange, national CAR
president.
Two tiny representatives of
the CAR dressed in colonial
children's costumes also made
their appearance on the stage,
Ten year old Sharon Kay
Kruger of South Bend, Ind,
and 9-year-old Andrew Carter
Krouskop of Pittsburgh pre-
sented Mrs. White with an old
fashioned nosegay of dollar bills
for the Doris Pike White audi
torium and gymnasium the
OAR will build at the Kate
Duncan Smith School al
Gunter Mountain, Ala.
Evening star., 1960-04-19

Georgetown Hospital. Mrs.
Brewer came from Clarksdale,
Miss, for the f1ve-day Congress.
The Congress opened officially
last night with colorful cere-
monies at Constitution Hall,
when the members were ad-
dressed by Martin McKneally,
national commander of the
American Legion.
Today is a special day for
the society. 1t is the 185th
anniversary of the Battle of
Lexington. The Continental
Congress is always held during
the week of this anniversary.
This evening, the pages dance
is scheduled at 10 pm. in the
Mayflower Hotel.
Voting begins on Thursday to
elect seven vice presidents gen.
eral and two honorary vice
presidents general. Eight candi-
dates have entered for the seven
vice president general vacan-
cies; three for the two honorary
vice president general posts.
Running for vice president
general are Mrs. Jackson E
Stewart, Orlando, Fla; Mrs
Richard F. Carlson, Denver
Colo; Mrs. E. D. Schneider
Lake Providence, La; Mrs. D
Evening star., 1960-04-19

posed any changes in the Wal
ter -McCarran Act that would
weaken current protective i'm
migration rules.
Another asks Congress to
take back its responsibility for
regulating foreign commerce. 1t
contends that this responsibility
has been surrendered to the
Executive Branch.
Still another resolution con-
tends that the Fourth Amend
ment against unreasonable
search is being violated daily
and urges that this be pre-
vented.
No voting on resolutions was
expected today. Once the first
reading is completed, the res
olutions are read one by one a
second time, when they are de-
bated and voted upon.
Mrs. Ashmead White, presi-
dent general of the society, will
report on the first year of her
three-year stewardship today
at the business session in Con-
stitution Hall.
Her entire cabinet also is
scheduled to report.
However, Mrs. Edward Case
Brewer, corresponding secretary
general, broke a vertebra in a
fall at OAR headquarters yes
terday and is hospitalized in
Evening star., 1960-04-19

Edwin Gamble, Tucson. Ariz.;
Mrs. Alfred c. Zweck, Sioux
City, Iowa; Mrs. Claude G.
Stotts. Coos Bay, Greg; Mrs.
Harold I. Tuthill, Savannah,
Ga, and Mrs. Basil E. Lamb of
Portland, Me.
The three candidates for
honorary vice president general
are Mrs. Chester F. Miller.
Saginaw, Mich; Miss Helen
McMackin, Salem, Ill; and
Mrs. Reuben E. Knight. ALI
ance. Neb.
Seven of the 2l vice preSi-
dents general are elected each
year on a majority ballot for
a term of three years. When
there are more than seven
candidates, the seven receiving
the greatest number of votes
are elected.
Evening star., 1960-04-19
Constitution Hall
Rent Now $3.50

The rent has been raised on
Constitution Hall but the hall
is more popular than ever, the
Daughters of the American
Revolution were told today.
The rent went up an esti-
mated $1O0 last September. The
rate is now $3.50 per perform
ance.
Constitution Hall is having
one Of the busiest seasons since
it opened in 1928, Mrs. Ash
mead White, president general.
said today. She told the Daugh-
ters in her report that in jan
uary alone 90 events were held
there.
Evening star., 1960-04-19
A FLOOD OF FLATTERY
Lawmakers Answers
Fail to Soothe OAR

indications the Congressman
didn't see it because nothing
is done"
Mr.. Flood talked around the
subject for a few minutes and
came up with a explanation
that went something like this:
A Congressman doesn't al
ways have a ready answer to
a constituents query che can't
know everything so he will
have to do some research. When
he has gathered together the
pertinent information. he will
have it prepared in forms for
distribution to all constituents
who sent the same query.
There is nothing wrong with
that kind of form reply" said
Mr.. Flood.
Thank you for your inter-
esting dissertation" Mrs. Nc
Claugherty persisted, "but that's
not the kind of form letter I
mean. The kind of reply I'm
talking about doesn't give any
information; it merely says.
1 received your letter on such
and such a subject and I am
glad to learn of your interest.
Sincerely yours.
Why" said Mr.. Flood. look
ing incredulouS, Il didn't even
know about those. There's
no sense in being Irish if you
can't be thick-I Just can't be-
lieve that's true"
"Oooh, yes" the audience
murmured.
Well" said Mr.. Flood modi-
flying his original compliment
to the Daughters, sometimes
Congressman don't know where
they stand on a particular issue
and they aren't going to say
until they're committed. =.
Just because the OAR passes
a resolution on a subject does
not mean the Congressman
should take the same position.
Evening star., 1960-04-19
By AMELIA YOUNG
star stan Writer

A little 'f1attery got Repre-
sentative Daniel J. Flood Of
Pennsylvania absolutely no.
where with one Daughter of
the American Revolution yes
terday.
Mr.. Flood was the main
speaker at the OAR National
Defense luncheon at the Shera-
ton-Park Hotel. His topic was
THE Panama Canal: Key Tar
get of the Fourth Front" and
the climax of the speech was a
call for support of two con-
gressional resolutions, both in
troduced by himself and both
designed to reaSSert this coun-
try's historic policy of ex-
elusive sovereign control of the
Panama Canal and the Cana
Zone"
Judging from the applause
the 400 and some women pres,
ent at the luncheon were only
too eager to support his resolu'
tions.
But how, one of them wanted
to know in the question perioc
later.
You command tremendous
admiration and respect in Con-
gress." Mr.. Flood CALAMITY as
sured her. You are listened tc
there"
Another Daughter jumped to
her feet. Mrs. William w
McClaugherty, a vice president
general, demanded: wv ell
please explain this: We writt
letters and letters and letters
to our Congressman and all We
get back is a nice little form
letter. The closer to election
the nicer it is.
But we don't know if it wa;
the clerk who saw it or the
secretary who saw it. From al
Evening star., 1960-04-19
OAR
Continued From First Page

Continued From First Page
reduce their voting age. 1t says
such an amendment would take
from the States their right to
control the age of voters within
their border. This resolution
was applauded today at the first
reading.
Others introduced today op-
Evening star., 1960-04-19

the official opening OF the Con-
gress.
Mr.. McKneally called on the
OAR to join with the Amer
ican Legion, whose ideals he
compared with theirs, in with
standing the pressureS from
within as well as without.
I'VE see at our doorstep a
government that is headed by
a revolutionary named Castro
who is doing the Communist
business" ne declared. And
yet we also see a number Of
Americans who have achieved
a certain celebrity, apologizing
and praising this government"
Hits Extremists
1t is extremists like these
"who find it easy to socialize
and fraternize with tyrants"
who make organizations like
the American Legion and the
OAR the targets of their dis
taste, Mr.. McKneally declared.
There is, therefore, a great
gulf between our thinking on
the basic issues facing America
and certain highly articulate
well-placed critics, important in
the field of propaganda"
Declaring that I'VE have al
ready been propagandized too
much by men who have travelled
too much, thought too little,
acquired facts but no wisdom,
success but no faith" the
American Legion commander
asked: "Is it too late to head
of the final plunge into basic,
Grass and hopeless material
ism ?"
1t is patriotic organizations
like the OAR which can with
stand the pressures of commu-
nism, Mr.. McKneally declared,
| by saying: Yes, the students
Iof America will take a loyalty
oath in this day Of freedoms
darkest peril. Yes, we
shall retain the Connally Res
ervation to protect the sover-
eign rights of our citizens. d.
Yes, we shall reject Hollywood
producers as the arbiterS of
our morals and our thought
patterns. Yes, we shall
oppose the admission Of Red
China into the United Ma
tions."
Conspiracy Cited
In her address, Mrs. White
not only cited the dangers of
the Communist conspiracy, but
warned the OAR of groups in
this country which no longer
believe in the American ideals
of individual freedom.
They are willing to give up
Constitutional guarantees for
temporary material security" "
she told them. "They are will
Evening star., 1960-04-19

United States withdrawal from
the United Nations, was re-
minded by the President of
George Washington's advice in
his Farewell Address to "ob-
serve good faith and justice
toward all nations"
The quotation, he noted, is
inscribed on the first of the
current series of American
credo stamps being issued by
the Post Office Department to
"help to remind us of our fund
amental political beliefs"
Interpreting the Washington
quotation, the President de-
clared: George Washington
knew that our Nation could not
ignore the nations of the
world, and he advised us to
live with them in a state of
mutual trust and respect for
the law. This is the only basis
for peaceful growth for US and
for them.
Good Faith" Stressed
"As the Daughters of the
American Revolution work to
advance the international
principles of good faith and
justice they promote the high
est goals of our beloved land"
Although U. N. membership
is not mentioned among a
group of resolutions being con-
sidered by this Congress Ma
tional Resolutions Committee
the society's policy remains
tied to resolutions adopted by
previous Congresses unless SUBJ
sequent revisions are made.
A scattering OF polite ap-
plause from the 1000 delegates
assembled in Constitution Hall
greeted the Presidents mes
sage after it was read by the
OAR president general, Mrs
Ashmead White.
More enthusiastic was the
applause for the two principal
addresses of the evening given
by Martin B. McKneally, ma.
tional commander of the
American Legion. and Mrs
White, who choose as her topic
the theme of the five-day
Congress, For What Avail
If Freedom Fail"
Patriotic Drama
The addresses climaxed the
Congress annual opening which
is always a colorful spectacle
of pomp and patriotic drama
AS the Marine Band playec
the Stars and Stripes Forever,
Mrs. White and the nationa
officers marched in escorted
by so white-gowned page
carrying the State flags. A
Mrs. Whites appearance, a IL
by-17 foot flag was unfurlet
from the ceiling, thus markinj