davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-20

Collection of DR.. Sukarno." Su-
karno being the Indonesian presi-
dent. The book was said to have
cost the Communists $3.50, 900 to
produce.
In most of the books that flow
overseas from Moscow and Pc
king however, the Communist line
is visible. Sometimes it is thin,
but it is there. In Little Red
Riding Hood" a fabulously at
.tractive story to Asians. the wolf
has face that looks vaguely like
that of Chang Kai-Shek and the
heroic hunter, who saves Red Rid
ing Hood, has a small red star on
his hat which everyone in
Asia knows signifies communism.
Millions of paper-back thrillers
depict the heroism of Soviet fight
ers during World War II and
one has the strange impression
that the Soviet Union did it pref
ty much alone. The books de-
signed for intellectuals are more
direct, more polemical, more argu-
mentative. There is also a whole
range of infantile view of the
world as seen through Marxist
spectacles.
Not all the Communist book ap-
paratus is visible and official. Any
bookseller in Southeast Asia, for
example, very quickly learns that
the Communists international
book stores" will not only send
him welf-made books at very low
price, but they are very lenient
about collecting the bill. For ex-
ample, a number of works of Mao
tse-tung can be ordered from Pek-
ing for two cents, a figure which
barely covers the mailing cost. At
these absurd costs a bookseller can
accumulate a vast stock of books
at very slight cost. If he fails to
pay. even for a period Of years,
the books will continue to arrive.
If he does pay he can pay in the
local currency which goes directly
to the local Russian or Chinese
embassy.
The LocoI Angle
The money collected by the
Communist embassy is used to
finance native Communist pub
fishing firms which turn out an
unending flow of books designed
to advance the cause Of the local
Communist party. These publish
ers, who often do not identify
themselves. as Communists, can
publish SO cheaply that they often
become the only outlet for native
writer's. Most young native writ
ers are proud and consider them
selves independent. But the young
writer soon senses that if he is
not hostile to white imperialism"
and gentle with Russia and Com
muniSt China that his work is
rejected but never on polit-
ical grounds.
When he does come to conform
he is not only published, but he
is given q free trip to Moscow or
Peking. awarded medals, present.
ed with Soviet typewriter. Over
a period of years even the stoutest
friends Of the free world are
transformed into party-line hacks.
although they do not belong to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-20
BY EUGENE BURDICK

# the thermometer war never
comes it is altogether probable
that the contest between the Com
munist bloc and the democratic
bloc will be decided by a most
pacific instrument: the book.
In scores of uncommitted coun-
tries there is an almost compulsive
drive towards literacy. Untold mil
lions of children are going to
schools which range from barely
adequate to clearly miserable. But
they go and they learn.
What they learn, what they
come to think of the Communists
and democratic alternatives, what
takes place inside these young
heads may. in the end. be more
decisive than ICBMs and magnifi-
Gently trained astronauts.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-20

again took a defensive posture. 1t
is true that several Western
speakers reminded the General
Assembly of the colonialist record
of the Soviet Union. But this was
done merely in point of rebuttal.
Not one speaker there came
forward with a complete exposure
of the dismal truth. Even less has
there been any call for an end
to the double standard which has
prevailed over more than a decade
in the United Nations on colo
nialism.
The Two CoIonioIisms
Since 1945 no less than 80
nations have won their indie
pendence from Western colonial
control. This overwhelmingly
peaceful process of national liberia
ton has benefited 1859 million
people living in an area Of go
million square miles.
In contrast, since 1920 the
Soviet Union has extended it's con-
troll over II countries and eight
regions (parts of other countries).
The area of this expansion, in
which China has been in turn a
victim and junior partner, is
76 million square miles and the
population involved is about $40
million.
In the face of these facts one
would expect, as a matter of
logic, justice and enlightened
self interest, that the free nations,
old and new, would urge the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-20
Popularity Of Comic Books

Chula walked the 80 miles back
to his village in a haze of excite
ment. He was aware that some of
it was outright Communist propa-
ganda, but he was also certain
that he could counter the propa-
ganda.
Chula was wrong. The comic
books spread rapidly throughout
his village and dozens of children
became used to seeing villain
who always looks curiously like
John Foster Dulles and a hero
who looks like Chou En-Lai or
Ho Chi Mini. It was true that
Chula countered the overt propa-
ganda in the textbooks but in a
year he was transferred to another
school and the textbooks remained
behind him.
His successor was not as skill
full or perceptive as Chula. Today
that village is, quite unknowinsly.
calmly and without complications,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-20

paper-back books. He thumbed
through the books with a grow
ing excitement. They were neat
and well-done. nicely illustrated
and the stitching was of good quail
ity. And they were cheap. Incred-
IDLY cheap. A good-sized history of
the peoples of Southeast Asia cost
8 cents. Another volume entitled
Colonialism and Nationalism in
Asia was even more elegantly
printed and a slip in the book said
it was specially treated to resist
the ravages of tropical weather. 1t
cost 2 cents.
Timidly Chula asked the sales
man if there was a discount for
bulk purchases. The salesman
asked what the books were to be
used for. The moment that Chula
said they would be used in school
the salesman's attitude changed.
"Ah, look, if you are school
teacher all this is different" the
salesman said. This is not a crude
commercial deal. Our children
shall have the best even if I lose
money"
The final price was astounding.
Chula got the 80 books for 2 cents
apiece. In addition the salesman
gave him free subscription to
two newspapers, Pracheachon and
Ekapheap. AS he left the store the
salesman smiled at him and picked
up a bundle of comic books in the
native dialect and stuck them in
Chula's bundle. Both the news
straight Communicative.
These are for the children to
read when they are not with you,"
the salesman said.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-20
The Big Difference

ern journalists would consider
"big story" was played down and
something with so little intrinsic
news interest was emphasized, it
is necessary to understand the
tenets of Soviet journalism, fun
damentally different from our
own.
The United States prides itself
on a press which is independent
of any party or government. The
Soviet Union. however, views the
press in completely differerS
terms:
1.-THE press in the USSR is
powerful theological instrument of
the Communist Party and the
Soviet state" the Soviet Encyclo-
pedia states. Newspapers, maya
zines, books, pamphlets are
widely used for the enlightenment
and political education of the
workers and for drawing them
into the building of communism. |"
The mere reporting of news as
1t happens is thus considered to
be an incidental part of the Soviet
journalists task. He is not in
effect an editor nor a reporter,
but an educator" whose mission
is to spread the gospel according
to st. Marx, st. Lenin, and Who
ever heads the Soviet government,
The very concept of what is
news differs so deeply from that
prevailing in Western nations,
even in those with a strictly con-
trolled press, that a comparison
is almost impossible. Soviet news
papers are to "enlighten."
In practice, this means a dis
dain for the daily news stories
which are the bread and butter
Of the Western press, and instead
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-20

The work of Lenin, not the
Bible, is the worlds best seller,
and it's no accident. A professor
at the University of California
and cO-auth0r of the best
selling "The Ugly American"
warns the struggle for mems
minds could be won by q vast
and clever Communist book
campaign, so subtle and SO
thorough it has even woven the
Marxist line into Little Red
Riding Hood.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-20


minds could be won by vast
and clever Communist book
campaign, so subtle and so
thorough it has even woven the
Marxist line into Little Red
Riding Hood.
Russia and Communist China
realize this very clearly. They an
ticipated this worldwide thirst
for knowledge and with an almost
military precision have set out to
make sure it is Slaked by books
with Communist point of view.
The book campaign of the Com
munists is every bit as massive,
forced and urgent as their Sputnik
program. It happens. however, to
be much less visible and less dra-
matte.
1t has been so successful that
today Lenin is the most widely
translated author throughout the
world. The Holy Bible is in second
place, but America can take slight
solace in that fact: the third most
widely translated author is Stain
and he is followed in popularity
by other Communist writers.
For some years the Communists
centered their propaganda efforts
on the oil-rich lands of the Middle
East. And they are giving a spe-
cial emphasis to Southeast Asia
and, increasingly, to Africa. The
Communist regards books not as
an entertainment or a mere edu-
cational tool: they are paper bull
lets in weird, constantly shifting
and Enthusiastically complicated bat
tie.
A Vast Apparatus
The Communist book distribut-
ing apparatus is so vast that it
staggers the Imagination. The
world has never seen anything like
it. Some figures indicate the Rus
slams and Chinese produce 3.6 bill
lion books a year. This is more
than one book for every person
on earth. When pamphlets, maya
zines, newspapers, comic books
and leaflets are added the total
is far greater.
The appetite for books among
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-20

Nikita Khrushchev, 1t seems,
never tires of tongue flashing the
West for its colonialism. Curl
Ously, Soviet cOl0nialism Is
seldom an issue-except during
dramatic times such as the
Hungarian rebellion. Following
is an article by a man who had
to flee his country, Rumania,
because of Soviet cOlOnialism.
Today he is secretary general of
the Assembly of Captive Euro
pean Nations.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-02-26
Radioactive Oysters
Puzzle Scientists

NORFOLK, Va.-(CNS)-Sci-
entists found Chesapeake Bay oy-
sters slightly contaminated with
radioactive zinc last month.
DR.. William Hargis, director of
Virginia Fisheries Laboratory, said
Significant amounts" of radio
isotope zinc-65 were found in both
Chesapeake oysters and Atlantic
seaboard CLAIMS. He said the amount
of radioactivity isn't a health =haz-
ard. "The startling and trouble
some fact is that no one knows
where this zinc-65 comes from"
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-02-26

workers struck. Nixon voted for a
resolution calling ON President Tru-
man to seek Taft-Hartley injunction
against the Steelworkers.
Housing
On June 20, 1851, the Senate re-
jected (25-47) an amendment to re-
duce public housing units from $4,000
to 5000 year. Nixon voted for this
slash.
A year later, on June 8, 1852, the
Senate voted {37-31) to bring the
number of public housing units back
to $4,000 a year. Nixon voted against
this increase.
Education
A bill to provide emergency funds
for school construction in defense
areas failed (35-41) to pass the SEN
ate on May 10, 1851. Nixon voted
with Senate liberals in support of
this bill.
The acute shortage of doctors in
the u. S. led.to consideration of legis-
lation to provide federal scholarships
for medical students and financial as
sistance to medical schools. The bill
failed to pass the Senate (23-42).
Nixon voted against it.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-02-26

3. Two leading Democratic Presi-
Dental hopefuls have entered bills
in the Senate largely similar to the
Forand Bill. They are Senators HUI
bert Humphrey (D-Minn.) and John
F. Kennedy (D-Mass.).
a. Welfare Secretary Arthur S.
Flemming said last week the Eisen-
hover Administration still opposes the
Forand Bill However, he indicated
the Administration may now come up
with 'half a loaf'' plan to pay hos
pital costs for Social Security bene-
ficiaries solely on illnesses over long
periods involving major medical ex-
penditures."
5. Extensive hearings on the Forand
Bill were held last July but the House
Ways and Means Committee has not
yet acted to report it out. However,
the committee plans hearings in
March on Social Security changes, in
Guiding whatever medical plan Flem-
ming comes up with.
Conclusion of those hearings will
probably bring the big drive to get
the Forand Bill reported to the House
floor.
Apart from health benefits, Senator
Senate Group on the
Aged also recommended raising mini
mum Social Security benefits 'sfrom
$33 to at least $50 per month" 1t
urged ending "all forms of employ
ment discrimination based on age,"
more public and cooperative housing
for the elderly, minimum standards
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-02-26
Integrity In The Senate,
charlottesville

Sen. Barry Goldwater (R-Ariz.)
proposed to the Senate that it pass
bill placing $4,000 spending cell
ing on any committee which engages
in such activities as compiling and
publishing voting records, political
training courses, getting workers reg
istered, paying election day workers,
providing automobiles to the polls,
political meetings." Gould he have
had COPE in mind?)
Goldwater did not have the simple
honesty to admit that his proposal
was taken, word-for-word, from Ma
TION'S BUSINESS, official maya
zine of the u. S. Chamber of Com
merce. He finally confessed when
faced by that fact by Sen. Paul Doug
las (D-Ill. ).-COPE MEMO.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-02-26
No President Ever Had
What Eisenhower Asks For
Rural Electric News Service


WASHINGTON. D.. C.-Another
scoop" can be credited to Drew
Pearson's syndicated column, this
week. Pearson quotes Senator Mike
Monroney (Okla.) as saying "How
can Eisenhower ask for powers no
other President ever had?"
Monroney, an ex-newspaperman,
gently chided the newspapers and re-
porters, stating they would only
have had to look up little history
to find that, from George Washington
until the present, no President has
ever been given the right to issue long
term bonds without having the inter-
est ceiling fixed by Congress-
That's what President Eisenhower
has asked Congress to do. He wants
the a u % statutory interest ceiling
on long-term government issues re-
moved.
Administration officials think this
would ease pressures and lower the
average cost of interest to the gov
eminent.
Rural electric people, cautiously
watching Administration moves to
hike the REA interest rate, which in
turn, would undoubtedly increase
their light bills, see dangers in setting
this precedent.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-02-26
More Aid to Aged Urged;
Health Care IS Put First
b MICHAEL MARSH In LABOR

b MICHAEL MARSH In LABOR
Pressure is building up steadily or
Congress to provide prepaid health
insurance for the aged. But conserva-
tive interests are still battling the
idea. Here's a rundown on latest de-
velopments:
l. After nearly year of study, the
Senate subcommittee on problems of
the aged has reported that "the Num-
Der One problem of Americas senior
citizens is how to meet the costs of
health care It's solution should
have top priority for legislative con-
sideration in 1860"
AS it's 'first recommendation for
action in 1902 the Senate group
urged law to provide "health service
benefits" for all Social Security bene-
ficiaries. Such health benefits, the
senators said, should include not only
disqualification and surgery but also
"diagnostic and preventive health
services
The Senate group is headed by Sen
ator Pat Mcnamara (D-Mich.). 1t
also made numerous other recon-
mendations for help to the aged, in
Guiding one for creation of u. S.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-02-26
THE MACHiNIsT

broke tie votes in favor of an eco
nomic controls bill that was unfayor-
able to small business.
Farm Supports
On March 9, 1856, Nixon cast the
deciding vote to kill 80 per cent price
supports for millable wheat.
Wage Standards
On May 80, 1856, Nixon voted to
let states rather than the u. S. Secre-
tary of Labor set wages for federal
highway construction projects.
Interest Rates
On March 10, 1853, Nixon's tie
breaking vote increased the interest
rate on Veteran Administrations CT
housing loans from az to 4 n %.
Labor Control
On April 20. 1869, Nixon's decid-
ing vote made the MANS nnisnamed
Chill of rights" part of the Labor
Control Bill.
On number of other occasions,
Nixon's failure to break ties influ-
enced legislation. For example, on
May %, 1858, proposal to increase
assistance for the needy aged and
blind was killed when Nixon failed to
break a 1910 tie.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-02-26
From THE MACHINIST

On Jan. 8, 1947, shortly before
Richard M. Nixon was sworn in to, his
first term in the u. S. House of Rep
asked:
''Do you have any bill you plan
to introduce or any pet project you
intend to push for?"
"No, nothing in particular" Nixon
replied. 81 was elected to smash the
labor bosses and my one principle is
to accept no dictation from the CIO-
PACE
Today, 10 years later, Richard Nix
on no longer talks about "labor
Bosses" He refers to ssthe honest
and sincere men who constitute the
great majority of union officers" In
the Nixon vocabulary of 1860, the
u. S. labor movement is not source
of 'dictation" but ga force for good
in our society"
Which is the real Nixon? The eager
young man who gave an off-the-cuff
reply to reporters question in a
Congressional cloakroom in 1947? Or
the Presidential candidate who weighs
every word for it's possible effect on
the outcome in the 1860 election?
In an effort to find an answer to,
that question, THE MACHINIST has
carefully analysed not only Nixon's
words, but his voting record during
the past 13 years.
Here's how Nixon voted on major
domestic issues affecting working
families since he entered Congress in
1947:
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-02-26
Important Political
Dates TO Remember

April 22-Final day to register
for June 7 Primary.
April 28-Final day for filing
nominating petitions for county,
state and federal offices.
May 1s-Printing and posting
of lists of registered voters must
be completed.
June Primary nominating
election.
July 8-Final day for filing
completed initiative petitions.
Sept. 23-Final day to register
to vote in general election.
Nov. S-General Election Day.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-02-26

Office of the Aging to deal with prob
lens of the elderly. COP members of
the group filed a minority report.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-02-26
Nixon as Congressman
1947-5O
Taft-Hartley

Although only freshman, Nixon
asked for and got assigned to the
House Committee on Education and
Labor. There he helped write the
Hartley version of what was to be-
come the Taft-Hartley Act. ('I played
rather modest part, but perhaps a
rather significant part in writing the
Taft-Hartley Act.")
The Hartley bill was denounced by
the late Rep. Adolph Sabbath of Illi-
nois as 'fthe most vicious. restrictive
and destructive anti-labor bill ever
brought before this House." The bill
would have outlawed industry wide
bargaining, forbidden employer con-
tributions to welfare funds where
unions had any part in the admins
tration and made unions subject to
the antitrust laws.
Despite his freshman status, Nixon
was chosen to wind up House debate
for the Hartley Bill. He called it a
"bill of rights" that would free Amer
lean workers from the sunrestrained
power held over them by ''the barons
of union labor under the Wagner
Act.
On April II, 1947, the Hartley Bill
passed the House, 30S-1O7. Nixon
voted for it.
The Hartley Bill then went to a
House-Senate conference committee
to be merged with the Senate's
Taft Bill. Out of this conference came
the Taft-Hartley Bill.
On June 4, 1947, the House passed
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-02-26
Urban Echoes

An Agriculture Department report
indicates that the drop in farm income
may affect the jobs of some city work.
ers. The reduced farm spending power
will be felt particularly in the farm
machinery and equipment industries,
the report says.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-02-26

I the Taft-Hartley Bill, 32O-19. N1xOr
voted for it.
President Truman vetoed the Taft.
Hartley Bill, warning that ''it would
| contribute neither to industrial peace
nor to economic stability and prog
ress.''
On June 20, 1947, the House voted
331-83 to override the President
veto. Nixon voted to override the
veto.
Two years later, on May 8, 1919,
bill to repeal Taft-Hartley was of
fered. The repeal bill was beaten
when the House including Nixon
voted (R17-203) to substitute the
Wood Bill. a measure even more dras-
tic than Taft-Hartley itself. (The
Wood Bill never became law
Minimum Wage
On Aug. 10, 1949 the House adopt
ed an amendment withdrawing mini
mum wage protection from 100000
workers. The amendment passed 225-
181. Nixon voted for it.
Social Security
On Feb. 27, 1913, Nixon voted for
an amendment removing an estimated
625,OOO persons from Social Security
coverage. These included door-to-door
statesmen, persons who work at home
on piece work, certain insurance
agents. truck and cab drivers and
others. The House passed the amend
ment 275-52.
In vetoing the Social Security slash,
President Truman said: 81 cannot
approve legislation which would de-
prive man yhundreds of thousands of
employees, as we'll as their families,
of Social Security benefits when the
need for expanding our Social Secur-
ity System is great
On June IA, 1948, the House-in-
Guiding Nixon-voted (298-75) to
override the Presidents veto.
A year later, Oct. 5, 1949. bill to
improve pensions and other Social
Security benefits was before the
House. Nixon supported an effort to
this bill in favor of much |
weaker substitute. The crippling sub
stitute lost 1922.
On August Is. 1850. the House
voted 1876 for the Knowland |
Amendment to the Social Security
Act. Among other things, this meas
Ire made it possible for states to re-
luce unemployment benefits to work
RS who refused to take jobs as scabs.
Nixon voted for the Knowland
Amendment. Had Nixon voted against
t, the amendment would have lost in
! tie vote.
Iousing
On June 20, 1949. Nixon voted to
Eliminate public housing from the
National Housing Act.
On March %, 1850, Nixon voted to
ill provision for loans to build CO.
operative housing for middle income
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-02-26
Nixon as Vice President
l953-59

AS Vice President of the United
State Nixon presides over the Sem
ate. He may not vote except in case
Of ties. Since 1858, Nixon has cast
tie-breaking votes on six occasions :
Small Business
On June IS, 1868, Nixon twice
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-02-26

Education
Nixon in his ONE opportunity as
Vice President to take position on
education voted against federal as
sistance for classroom construction
and to augment teacher salaries, on
Feb. 8, 196O.-PV EDITOR.