davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-09-29
Question of Ethics in Psychiotry Discussed

pressing an even deeper con-
Germ for the welfare Of the
entire community?
1t seems to me that those
who work to articulate and
uphold the ethical and moral
integrity of our society do a
job equally as important in
terms of our security as the
Job that must be done by law
enforcing agencies, congress
sional committees and courts.
No free society can hope for
complete internal security.
The price of such excessive
vigilance would be our trans
formation into a police state.
Nor are such extreme security
measures necessary in a So
ciety, such as ours, in which
individual integrity is still
valued and in which ethical
questions are given the
thoughtful consideration eX-
pressed by the doctors who
want DR.. Schilt'S decision
evaluated further.
In his own explanation DR..
Schilt compared Mr.. Mitchell
to the patients who come to a
doctor for treatment of a
gunshot wound or a highly
infectious disease. In these
cases, DR.. Schilt points out, a
doctor is required to report
his patient to the proper legal
or health authorities. But, as
/ understand it, Mr.. Mitchell
Evening star., 1960-09-29

the u N. has done "a great deal" but
that its further effectiveness must de-
pend on the development of local polit-
ical leadership able to find the path of
national unity. The alternative path of
division, he adds, would "lead only to
fratricidal strife, disorder and disinte-
grafton" dangerous to the Congo, to
Africa and to the world.
Unfortunately, the recital of need is
no assurance of fulf1llment. The Com
munist, Khrushchev, has made it clear
that his setback in the Congo has only
goaded him to new anger and a readi-
ness to war upon the United Nations
itself. Mr.. DayalS story has made more
clear than ever before that the interna-
tional agency must have determined and
effective support If the Congo is not to
become the stage for widening disaster.
Evening star., 1960-09-29

was much higher than that
of today's underdeveloped
countries. 1t was, says Mr..
Drucker in his study, as high
in 1913 as in northern Italy.
Today's wide gulf Of in
dustrial inequality is so form
idable it drives many leaders
of new nations into excesses
Of Illustration and hopeless
ness. They try short cuts
and desperate diplomatic ad-
ventures.
Figures Tell Story
The figures starkly illustrate
that inequality.
The people Of the United
States and Canada are about
10 per cent of the worlds
population. But we have
about rs per cent of the
worlds income.
But rs per cent of the
worlds population, whose an
nual income averages less
than $125 per year, received
about 10 per cent of the
worlds income.
The 20 largest underde-
veloped countries, all col
ored" save Brazil, produce
more than half the raw ma
terials used by free world ma
tions.
But they industrially con-
sumo less than S per cent of
what they produce.
Average income per person
in Is countries with the most
advanced industrial develop
ment and highest living
standards Gall white save
Japan was, in 1855, eight
times that of the income per
person in the 20 largest un-
derdeveloped countries.
Economic development is
possible. Mexico, Brazil and
Colombia, our Southern
neighbors. in the past 25
years have made tremendous
industrial progress. Mexico
has no large military force.
She has put all her income
into industrial development.
The story of Japan is an
other example superior to
Russia's. All these have sue
ceeded without totalitarian-
ism.
Africans can do so only if
America. and other free world
nations. invest in the under
developed nations. Under
u. N. direction this can be
done to avoid charges of ex-
ploitation. If we do not do
1t, then our own survival, in
the years ahead, will be in
jeopardy. The cold war can
not be won in Europe.
Evening star., 1960-09-29
Shocking

Thank you for the arti-
Gle in the September 20 is
sue of The Star concerning
the American Civil Liberties
Union brief filed in behalf
of Frederick c. Lynch.
1t is fantastic to discover
that in The Affluent So
ciety" we can afford only two
psychiatrists for 1000 men,
tai patients. Small wonder
that they have no time or
incentive for doing needed
research.
Since the various health
plans do not include mental
illness and since one in ten
are mentally i'll, it seems to
be time for the public sector
Of the economy to do some
thing about providing ade-
quate therapeutic programs,
more research and teaching
opportunities for psychia-
trists. The lack of adequate
therapeutic programs in
public hospitals is shocking.
Thanks again for the story
on understaffed st. Eliza
bethS.
Evening star., 1960-09-29

who was obviously a very sick
man, voluntarily sought DR..
Schilt's help before betraying
himself and his country. Is it
not important that this man
had sufficient anxiety at least
to attempt to help himself
before it was too late? Per-
haps it was already too late
obviously there was nothing
that Dr.. Schilt could do to
prevent the subsequent be-
trayal, nor, apparently, did
Mr.. Mitchell conf1de in DR..
Schilt about his plan to de-
feet. But others may have the
courage to seek help with
similar problems and surely
such people are going to have
to have a great deal Of conf
dence in the pSychiatric and
related professions.
There is another aspect of
this controversy that the psy-
chiatristS should consider. I
am a lay person, but I am
constantly amazed at the
amount of ignorance and
prejudice that still exists in
the public's attitude toward
psychiatry and the mentally
i'll. DR.. Schilt's taking upon
himself the role of Mr.. Mitch
ellis prosecuting attorney and
judge will not help to dispel
much of that prejudice.
H. J. Pratt.
Evening star., 1960-09-29
Before 1t Is Too Late

Only those hoping for the worst
anarchy and bloody chaos that could
spread throughout much of the African
continent and even endanger the peace
of the world-could fail to indorse the
United Nations appeal that the native
political leadership in the Congo should
find formula for national unity before
1t Is too late"
For the spokesman of this appeal,
U. N. special representative Rajeshwar
Dayal of India, has supported his words
Of urgency with stark and naked de-
scription of country lacking virtually
every facility for government and
survival as nation. If it is to achieve
these, without trial of even greater
grimness than already has been its lot,
Mr.. Dayal makes it dramatically clear
that 1t will require both the continued
assistance Of the United Nations and
resolution of the bitter party and fac
tional strife that has prevailed thus far.
1t is in dealing with civilian opera
tions Of the U. N. representation in the
Congo that Mr.. Dayal's report to Secre-
tary General Hammarskjold presents
most graphically the conditions and the
threats facing the newly independent
country. In summary, he describes a
country left at birth without the most
rudimentary means of conducting a
civilized society," lacking in arrange
ments for distribution of food, in peril
Of a breakdown in water supply and
sanitation facilities to point of extreme
danger to health, with transportation
and communications paralyzed, the
judiciary system in collapse, educational
institutions closed, tax collection and
customs agencies broken down, security
agencies disrupted and virtually no basis
existent for public administration.
In this crisis, Mr.. Dayal feels that
Evening star., 1960-09-29
Nosser to the u. N.

After having talked separately with
both principals, President NaSSer of the
United Arab Republic now has contrib
uted considerable extra steam to the
preSSureS that have been building up in
New York for an EiSenhower-K -Khru-
Shchev get-together. This he has done
by calling upon the United Nations Gen.
eral Assembly to urge the two men,
regardless of the gulf that has opened
between them since the collapse of the
May summit conference, to meet 'im-
mediately" in renewed effort to slow
down and eventually stop the over-ac-
celebrating arms race.
Presumably, in making this proposal
IN his address to the Assembly, Mr..
Nasser has sought to play a conciliatory
role. That is, he has sought to promote
enough OF a reconciliation between
MeSSrS. Eisenhower and Khrushchev to
persuade them that they might find it
worthwhile to try Summitry once again,
even though the United States will have
a new Chief Executive a few months
from now. However, the President has
indicated through spokesman that "he
has no intentions whatsoever" to take
part In such venture unless the Soviet
Premier meets certain conditions, in
Guiding Softening of the tough line he
has taken in the U. N. AS for Mr.. Khru-
Shchev, he has applauded the UAR lead
er's idea, but at the same time he has
left the impression that he still expects
some kind Of presidential apology for
the May U-2 incident.
So 1t may we'll be that the Nasser
proposal, although it has greatly inten-
slf1ed speculation about the possibility of
an Eisenhower -KhruShchev conference
taking place before the Assembly session
ends, will actually result in nothing.
Still, whether or not that proves to be
the case, the fact remains that many
U. N. members, perhaps too wishfully,
are strongly in favor of Summitry, and
there can be little doubt that it will be
tried again-if not by Mr.. Eisenhower,
then by his successor. In any event, by
eSpouSing 1t as vigorously as he has, Mr..
Nasser has won lot of compliments in
the Assembly And he has made a good
impression, too, in declaring as follows:
That he and his country affirm that
there is no problem for the solution of
which we are not ready to accept the
Charter Of the United Nations and its
principles, the resolutions of the United
Nations and It's recommendations for
just settlement, with the best of good
will"
In many respects, of course, Presi-
dent NaSSer in his address has merely
echoed the Soviet line, notably so as re-
CARDS imperialism" and the Congo.
Nevertheless, compared with some of
the poisonous things he has said on
other occasions, and compared parti-
cularly with Cairos past propaganda,
his remarks to the Assembly have been
moderate, and few of them rather en-
couraging. Certainly he will be render
ing good service to the cause of world
peace-including peace with Israel-if
he acts In keeping with his admirably
strong Endorsement of the U. N.
Evening star., 1960-09-29

In a few weeks this Nation
will elect a new President for
another four years. I believe
that farm, school and social
problems should not come
first when we make our de-
cision. Not whether he is a
Roman Catholic or Quaker.
But who is best qualified to
deal with that man who spoke
at the U. N. for more than
two hours, and who has de-
nounced the United States in
bitter terms and boasted of
his conquest in many nations
that brought agonized suf-
fering to those people.
Will it be he who has been
close to our President for
eight years and has had per-
sonal contact with this man,
and has full information
about our foreign relations,
both good and bad, and who
has travelled ins the troubled
sections of the world, and
understands the people? Or
will it be he who has great
ambition, personal charm
and much to learn?
I believe this is the most
important decision the
American people have been
called upon to. make in
modern times-maybe in all
history.
Elsie Nicholson Allen.
Woodbridge, Va.
Evening star., 1960-09-29

Your recent editorial,
Question Of Ethics" about
DR.. Clarence Schilt's deci-
sion to reveal the contents
of his confidential interviews
with the defector Bernon
Mitchell, ends with your con-
clusion that you see no need
for apology on DR.. Schilt's
part.
In coming to this conclu-
sion you raise points with
which most thoughtful people
would agree. Surely you are
quite right in describing the
circumstances surrounding
this case as most unusual.
You are also entirely correct
in pointing out the confiden-
tial relationship of a patient
to his doctor is not an abSo-
lutte privilege. nor should it
take precedence over the well
fare of the entire community.
Surely there is no question
in anyone's mind that Mr..
Mitchell's detection was a
dangerous and despicable be-
trayal Of himself and his
country. Nor would there
seem to be much question
about the patriotism and good
intentions of DR.. Schilt.
But are there not other is
sues also involved here and
is it not possible that the
doctors who are challenging
DR.. Schilt's decision are ex-
Evening star., 1960-09-29
Doubling but Loyal

AS a loyal Democrat from
Texas and an ardent sup
porter of Roosevelt Truman
Stevenson policies, I ask my
fellow Texan from the LBJ
Ranch how he can expect
loyal Democrats to support
him enthusiastically when he
himself failed to support the
Democratic nominee en-
Enthusiastically in 1852 and
again in 1856. Had he taken
an active part and stumped
the State of Texas for Ste
venson these past two elec-
tions, Texas would still be in
the Democratic column. His
silence and failure to speak
up against the Republican
nominee caused many, right
fully or not, to suspect his
loyalty as a staunch Dem
ocrat. While the Republican
nominee is of similar re-
ligiouS faith as I. I am a true
and loyal Democrat and will
remain one during this elec-
ton. I do feel, however, as
many other loyal Democrats
feel, that our party could
have picked a better team-a
team more acceptable to all
parts Of our country, than
the two men chosen.
Leslie S. Culver,
Mt, Pleasant. Texas.
Evening star., 1960-09-29
Men at Work, Harder

Warming up to their work, both
presidential candidates are busy today
in a region rich with electoral votes
New York State, the biggest single prize
of all with its As electors, was yester-
days campaign stage for both Vice
President Nixon and Senator Kennedy
The latter is still touring upstate today
and Mr.. Nixon returns tomorrow after
one-day excursion into New England
AS it happens, each has reason to feel
encouraged at the course of events since
their momentouS television debate on
Monday night.
In the past two days, Mr.. Kennedy
has had particular reason to smile hap
PLY at any mention of Ohio (25 voteS).
In the Buckeye State through most of
Tuesday the New England Democrat
drew such massive and enthusiastic
crowds in 135-mile motorcade through
several industrial communities that his
current political popularity was being
equated with that of the late Franklin
Roosevelt. In Cleveland which had
been lavishly pro-Kennedy only last
day drew even greater crowds.
But perhaps worth more to Mr..
Kennedy than the flag-waving of many
thousands was the performance of one
Ohio citizen, the often unpredictable
Democratic Senator Lausche. A five-
term Governor before he came to the
Senate, and often described as the most
popular political figure in Ohio, Mr..
Lausche withheld his Endorsement of
the party'S presidential ticket in 1852
and 1856. At am. on Tuesday he
joined Mr.. Kennedy for breakfast, for
day of travelling and in the common
cause Of Democratic presidential VIC
tory in November His good luck and
best Wishes" along with announcement
that he will vote personally for Mr.
Kennedy, may we'll spell Is electoral
votes.
Meanwhile, Mr.. Nixon has had COM
parable reason for satisfaction with the
state of affairs on the hustings. Making
his sixth Sortie into the North-South
border region, the Vice President drew
crowds in Tennessee and West Virginia
that were estimated as substantially
larger than those turning out for earlier
appearances by Mr.. Kennedy in the
same communities, or which greeted
Mr.. Eisenhower in his victory rewarded
travels of 1852 and 1856.
Little more than five weeks remain
now before the day of decision. There
is feeling that the unprecedented
Monday night conformation may have
touched off new and more vigorous
phase of the campaign. The growing
crowds indicate growing interest-in
both candidates-and perhaps a we'll
founded expectation that the battle is
about to become rougher
Evening star., 1960-09-29

bination of factors. In addi-
tion to lack of rainfall,
drought conditions may in
volve such factors as tenn
perature, wind, atmospheric
humidity, cloudinesS, soil type
and moisture, the kind of
local vegetation, the stream
flow, the average climate Of
the area in question, and the
duration of the dry period.
Q. On what points are
Barber Shop Quartets judged
in contests?-G.P.
A. In contests conducted
by the Society for the Pres
ervation and ENCOURAGEMENT
of Barber Shop Quartet Sing
ing in America, Inc, quartets
are judged on five points: arr
rangement, harmony accu-
racy, voice expression, bal
ance and blend. and STAGE
presence. Each category
. counts up to 20 per cent. and
each has a judge assigned to
1t,
Evening star., 1960-09-29
Trash Problem

1t is appalling to me, as a
relative newcomer to this
area, how completely autono-
nous the Washington Subur-
ban S Sanitary Commission
seems to be. In it's efforts
to service a large county area
and maintain public health
precautionary measures. the
refuse department is further
jeopardizing the health Of
some Of the residents of
Montgomery County. When a
commission such as WSSC
places too many restrictions
on the size, shape and form
of rubbish to be disposed of,
the resident of the household
being serviced invariably
finds himself with excess rub
bish to be disposed of at a
later date. when a special
truck" can service the home,
Evening star., 1960-09-29

May I suggest that, in lieu
Of allowing the Panamanian
flag to fly in the Canal Zone.
we send a Marine division to
that troubled country to pro-
tect the rights Of our citi-
zens? The same treatment
might well be accorded to
Cuba, whose leaders, behave
like spoiled children in the
international essence Of
their elders.
While the Department Of
State may raise its pale OBJ
jections. it becomes increas-
ingly obvious that we are
losing our sense of national
purpose. Who, like me. would
like to see less soft talk"
and more big sticks?
!, A, Mitchell,
Evening star., 1960-09-29
all because the parcels lacked

all because the parcels lacked
geometric continuity.
This is really quite humor-
Gus on the one hand, and
quite serious on the other.
We will find the rodent-in-
festation and insect-infesta- =
tion problem one to cope with
very soon, If the attitude of
WSSC remains the same.
Most Of the collectors are
quite liberal, but some bring
slide-rules and scales with
them on their collection to be
sure the parcels are of the
prescribed size and weight,
etc.
DR.. Carl ZeytOOnian.
Evening star., 1960-09-29
Bouquet

The Star has led the news
paper field again with the
presentment of its new "TV
Magazine"
Really this little booklet
serves to call ones attention
Immediately to the various
TV stations and the shows
being played thereon. The
advertisements, while appear
ing most clear, do not in any
way distract attention for
those seeking TV information
only, They are there for those
who wish to review them also.
All in all, you've come UP
with a good job, like every
thing you undertake, and I
congratulate you and thank
you.
Frank d. Tippett.
Evening star., 1960-09-29
Preparing Youth

The loss of respect and
prestige which the United
States has experienced in
recent years is shocking and
provocative. At least it has
caused this high school stu
dent to wonder whether the
problem is attributable to a
failure on the part of our
primary and secondary school
systems to provide the youth
Of America with the proper
concepts Of America, its for
eign relations, its internal and
external responsibilities, and
the responsibilities of it's
citizens.
An examination of the cur
riculums offered at our uni
versities convinces me that
these institutions make an
erroneous assumption that
the fundamentals of patriot
ism have been inculcated into
the educational program of
students before they reach
the university level. In an era
Of investigation and inquiry
I am curious why such organ
izations as the National Edu-
cation Association, the Asso-
citation Of American Colleges
and Universities, Parent
Teachers Associations and
similar bodies interested in
problems of education have
not made a thorough study
Of this problem. I suggest
that a study Of this nature
be undertaken by a non-
governmental body.
William II RrewSfer.
Evening star., 1960-09-29
J. THE PASSING SCENE
By RALPH McGILL
Africa Spurred by u. S. Revolution

u. N. "reminiscences: Amer
leans. trying to understand
the seemingly sudden trans
formation Of Africa from an
image Of foreign missions to
violence and intense ma
tionaliSm, are puzzled.
What" they ask, 'is the
driving force behind them?
What has happened?"
The answer is that today's
events have been a long,
weary way on the road.
A good two years before
the impressive massive entry
of new. untested African
states into the United Ma
tions, African U. N. dele
gates said in conversations
in the lounge:
You in America" they
said, do not understand your
own revolutionary power
There is no excitement for
an underdeveloped country
like that of contemplating
its own industrial develop
ment. Americans and Amer
lea are more revolutionary
than Karl Marx. To see
Americans striding along,
well clothed, generously fed,
medically supervised, edu-
Gated and confident, seems to
others an example of what
industrial power means. Your
huge machines seem to be an
extension of you.
And, of course, we want to
gain all this quickly. We are
impatient, unreasonable, but
determined. This will be the
way all of us will come, de-
manding, unprepared, but of
fixed purpose. We will make
mistakes. We will do bad
things and good. But we
will not stop"
The gap they seek so quickly
to close is a huge one. Peter
F. Drucker. one Of the more
distinguished economists, de-
scribeS it in Landmarks OF
Tomorrow" as up to Pow
erty."
Danger in Inequality
The increasing inequality o.
development in the world il
the danger. Glass war threat
ems. The SovietS shrewd'
ly harp on this theme. They
present communism as the
mechanism which enabled
Russia, an underdevelopeo
nation, quickly to make it,
enormous industrial progress
But this is a falsehood-ai
are so many Soviet argu-
ments. The economic leve,
in Czarist Russia, at the out
break of the first world war
Evening star., 1960-09-29

Earth may wear a crown
Of invisible light.
There is, at least, a posi-
bility of a geo-corona COM
posed of particles of hydro
gen which extends as much
as 10000 miles beyond the
ionosphere. 1t can be COM
pared to the infinitely vaster
and hotter corona of the
sun.
This was postulated in
an International Geophysical
Year symposium on space
exploration by DR.. Leo Gold
berg of the University Of
Michigan observatory. 1t is
indicated by radiation-re-
cording instruments carried
by space probe rockets which
go above the ozone layer of
the atmosphere. This layer
effectively absorbs the radia-
ton so that it never could
be detected from earth'S sur
face.
Near-Vacuum Conditions
At the edge of the iono-
sphere, it was reported,
there appear to be about
10000 atoms Of hydrogen
per cubic centimeter. This
thins out to 10 per cubic
centimeter, about as near
a vacuum as can be imag-
ined. at a distance of about
ten times the earth's radius.
AS explained by DR.. Her.
bert Friedman of the Naval
Research Laboratory, di-
rector of the International
Geophysical Year space probe
program. there is an ex-
tremely diffuse glow of very
short wavelength ultraviolet
radiation which Suffuses the
entire night sky. The source
remains a mystery. The light
is such, however. as would
result from scattering of
the so-called Lyman alpha
ultraviolet radiation from the
sun by hydrogen atoms.
The earliest assumption
was that this hydrogen was
distributed rather uniformly
through inter plane tary
space. 1t now, DR.. Friedman
said, is difficult to accept this
hypothesis since the gas
paticles would be so diffused
by solar winds and other
agencies. A possibility is that