davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-12-11
Two Instructions

But Paris faces two insurrec-
tions in Algeria. The first, the
fight for independence led by the
Algerian Front for National LIB
Grafton. has tied down almost all
Frances armed forces for the past
six years and shows no signs of
weakening. The second. which IN
the previous moments Of crisis
has had obvious support from
high-ranking officers Of the
French army and air force, is the
open defiance of the Paris gov
errment by the embittered Euro
peans in Algeria who fear the loss
Of their long control and pre-
eminent powers over nearly 10
million MoSlems.
France has relinquished her
colonial control over Tunisia and
Morocco. Algeria's neighbors, both
now independent. She let Guinea
go in peace when Sekou Toure's
people rejected the de Gaulle
constitution. The other French
colonies In Africa in Africa have
become independent nations. affil-
lated with France in the French
Community.
But Algeria has been a different
matter. To lose Algeria is not only
to lose a vital part Of what most
Frenchmen have come to consider
an integral part Of France; it is
also to lose immense resources in
oil and minerals and agricultural
products. 1t is to lose power. for
the colons Of Algeria consider AL
geria France and themselves as
the logical rulers.
Evening star., 1960-12-11
DEFENSE:
Reorganization

The Symington committee
last Tuesday offered President
elect Kennedy q radical Penta-
gOn reorganization plan calling
for q single military chief and
an enlarged general stan.
There are few who will argue
that the organization Of the PEN
tagon. like any other organiza- =
ton, can be improved upon. Dur
ing the past year, under the lead
ership Of Defense Secretary Gates,
significant improvements have
been made.
Because Of the so-ca1led mis-
sile gap" and the national in
feriority complex brought about
by Soviet space achievements, a
pledge was made In the Demo-
cratic platform last July to seek
better organization Of our defense
effort. Senator Kennedy. after
winning the nomination, ap-
pointed one Of his erstwhile rivals,
Senator Symington. to head a
committee to study the problem
and make recommendations.
1t Is not clear who picked the
other members Of the committee,
but when its membership was dis
closed 1t was seen to be loaded
Continued on Page ca
Evening star., 1960-12-11
The Real Reason

Why Is Mr.. Stevenson think
ing over" the Kennedy offer? He
was evasive when questioned by
reporters, He said something
about wanting to find out wheth-
er certain individuals would be
willing to serve with him. But
a major clue-indicating that he
first wants to know who is going
to be Secretary Of State before
he makes his decision-was con-
tanned in his reply to a question
as to whether his reluctance was
related to the fact that Secre-
tary had not been named.
"It would be fair to speculate
that some unknown factors re-
quire further exploration" he
said.
This attitude opens up natural
speculation that Mr.. Kennedy
may be considering for the post
of Secretary Of State a man Mr..
Stevenson feels he may not be able
to work with, or at least q man
who may not share Mr.. Kennedy'S
stated ideas on upgrading the
U. N. post to a cabinet-level.
policy-making one.
Should Mr.. Stevenson finally
turn the appointment down, the
embarrassment to Mr.. Kennedy
will spread.
Evening star., 1960-12-11
Slow Process

If the President-elect is having
his headaches in gathering his
Official family together. not all Of
them are bound up in Mr.. Steven
son. President-elect Eisenhower
had picked his entire cabinet by
December /, 1852. As of today.
December II, Mr.. Kennedy has
named only 3 of 10 members.
They are:
Gov. Abraham Ribicoff Of Con-
necticut. Secretary Of Health,
Education and Welfare.
Gov. Luther H. Hodges Of North
Carolina. Secretary of Commerce.
Representative Stewart L. Udall
Of Arizona. Secretary of the In
terror.
Mr.. Kennedy announced the
appointment of Mr.. Udall, 40. a
Mormon and six-year veteran of
the House, last Wednesday. The
choice was a popular one. Mr..
Udall. the second youngest man
ever to be named as Interior
chief. is vigorous, well liked and
has a keen interest in natural
resources and the problems Of the
American Indian.
But Mr.. Kennedy. who had
originally hoped to have his full
cabinet picked by this time, has
the big three-State, Defense
and Treasury - still to name.
along with Agriculture. Labor.
Post ONCE and Attorney General.
The longer the selections are
Evening star., 1960-12-11
Real Harmony

According to the available evi-
dence, the oldest President Mr.
Eisenhower is 70) and the young
est President-elect (Mr. Kennedy
is 49, got along swimmingly dur
ing q three-hour discussion of the
major problems of peace. security
and freedom throughout the
world. particularly including the
American balance of payments
and the position of the American
dollar"-to use the words Of the
official joint statement released
later.
There was no great pomp for
this historic occasion, the first
time the two leaders had met In
nearly two years. The Marine
Band struck up THE Stars and
Stripes Forever" as the Kennedy
car drove up to the White House
door past an honor guard of
sailors. soldiers. airmen and
Marines.
The President introduced his
successor to the head usher and
chief Of the White House Secret
Service detail. showed him the
swimming pool and several first
floor rooms. and then sat down
with him for the talks.
Evening star., 1960-12-11
Another Election

A referendum in Algeria, as
proposed by Gen. de Gaulle, would
be just another Algerian elec-
tion," Mr.. Yadiz declared. ex-
planning that in France the term
was in common usage to mean a
"rigged election"
To the Western alliance, Al
geria is an embarrassing and en-
ervating illness. To keep NATO
together. France must not be an
tagonized. Yet the very military
supplies provided, mainly by the
United States, for French particle
patton in NATO are being used
in Algeria to subdue the Nation
alist rebellion.
The result has been q curious
and painful conflict between the
natural sympathy for the freedom
fighters Of Algeria and the harsh
necessity for continued Western
unity and common defense in the
cold war.
When Gen. de Gaulle arrived in
Algeria Friday, he chose to land
at predominately Moslem Ain Te-
mouchent. In his best lofty aus
terity. he walked calmly through
crowd Of some 10000 demon
strators who were chanting "Al-
gerie Francaise." his tall form in
a generals uniform erect as he
cody ignored the shouted pro-
tests, Inside the city hall, he told
ofilcials that Shouts. noise-that
signifies nothing. Facts, clarity,
good sense are what we should
show and not a devotion to out
dated slogans and formulas"
Evening star., 1960-12-11

privileges and property of the
European settlers would be safe
guarded to such an extent that
partition Of Algeria appears an
inevitable result If the De Gaulle
program is adopted.
To the European colons, even
the smallest concession to the Ma
tionalistS Is anathema. Their solu-
ton. supported by powerful right
wing elements in France proper
and by many If not most French
military leaders. is to crush the
Nationalist rebellion by force Of
arms. impriSon or exile or execute
the leaders Of the Algerians Provi-
sional Government. and make
Algeria wholly French"
To the Nationalists, the solution
is full and unconditional inde-
pendence. Well organized, intelli-
gently led. aided and encouraged
and supplied by the entire Arab
bloc and to some extent by the
Communist nations, the Provi-
sional Government expresses SUI
preme confidence that independ-
ence will be achieved.
On Friday. the Minister for In
formation Of the Algerian Front
for National Liberation, M'hamed
Yadiz. told the National Press
Club that the provisional govern
ment rejects the De Gaulle pro-
gram in its entirety. Partition of
Algerian into French and Moslem
areas was unthinkable. he empha-
sized. and the French Presidents
policy so far he described as un-
responsive to the legitimate ma
tional aspirations Of the Algerian
people.
Evening star., 1960-12-11
THE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
The |nfighting for Algeria

Algeria's chief cities were
again the scene Of violence Fri
day and yesterday as European
settlers rioted in protest to the
visit OF President Charles de
Gaulle.
Two years ago the, battle cry
of the European colons in Algiers
and Oran and Constantine was
de Gaulle to power!" Now the
surging mobs, more or less or
ganized, again defy the police
and the soldiers as they have
done twice before, but this time
the cry is de Gaulle to the
gallowsr
The six-year-old rebellion In
Algeria has caused the collapse
Of several cabinets and Of the
Fourth Republic. It has strained
the unity of the Western alliance
and provided a propaganda field
day for the Communist bloc. It
has embarrassed the .entire West
ern world before the sensitive eyes
of millions in Asia and Africa and
elsewhere whose resentment Of
colonialism Is deeply personal and
bitter.
Gen. de Gaulle, the personifica-
ton Of France itself, Is trying
nightly to save Algeria for his
country. He has decided, after
many months of wrestling with
this incredibly complicated chal-
lenge. that to effect his purpose
of saving the immense North Afri-
can territory and its great re-
sources for France he must ac-
cept some measure Of Algerian
independence.
Last week the French National
Assembly approved January 8 as
the date for q referendum in
France. asking the approval Of
the French people for the Presi-
dents program for IAN Algerian
Algeria" As Premier Michel
Debre maneuvered the de Gaulle
plan through the restless Parlia-
ment, the President himself few
10 Algeria to muster support from
Moslem and European leaders for
the program.
Evening star., 1960-12-11
REPORT FROM THE IT, NJ
Army Holds Key in Algeria

. Cor Red Chinese) satellite. So far
the relationship is little more
than a serious Irritation. But
were it to ripen into marriage.
Soyiet-controlled air bases in
Morocco could threaten the
Spanish anchor of the American
position in Europe; and sub
marine bases in Oran could do
much to close off the Vests entry
into the Mediterranean Sea.
Thus the poison OF the Algerian
conflict has spread far.
Earlier, 1t helped embitter rela-
tions between France and Presi-
dent Nasser Of Egypt, and con-
tributed to the Suez attack of
1856. It has pinned down more
then 500. .000-some put the figure
much higher-French soldiers and
paramilitary forces, weakening
NATO and bleeding France white.
Poris- Washington Strains
1t has led to strains between
Paris and Washington, and bids
fair to do so even more sharply
under the Kennedy administra-
ton. Conversely it has damaged
relations between the Unit tie d
States and the anti-colonial Afro
Asian bloc, which has been dis
satisfied with the degree of Ameri-
can pressure on its ally. Moscow
has had an opening to tar Wash
ington with the brush Of Co
lonialist."
The decision last week in the
French Assembly to 60 ahead with
an independent $l.2 billion French
nuclear striking force-by-pass-
ing and quite possibly sabotaging
plans for a joint NATO force-is
an indirect result of the Algerian
conflict and the diplomatic
stresses 1t has set up within the
West.
Tunisia Is much more solidly
grounded in pro-Western senti-
ment than is Morocco. But even
TuniSia might not withstand So
Wet pressures and Establishments
indefinitely if the Algerian war
were not settled-and settled in a
manner which left a minimum of
scars.
Much therefore hangs on the
De Gaulle mission to Algiers. 1t is.
in fact, one. of the more important
diplomatic undertakings of the
year.
Evening star., 1960-12-11
Tear Gas Used

In Algiers and Oran, where
general strikes had been called by
powerful right-wing colon organi-
cations, rioters got out of hand.
Well-armed riot police were forced
to fall back despite liberal use of
tear-gas grenades and training
explosives. The mobs, tasting sue
cess. then overturned buses and
automobiles and threw up barri-
cades across major streets.
But as darkness fell, units of the
French army replaced the riot
police, and tanks crushed the
barricades and scattered the mobs.
Yesterday the soldiers were keep
ing the explosive situation under
strict control, and Gen. de Gaulle
appeared to have the answer to
one major question: Would the
French armed forces in Algeria
again take sides with the angry
colons? They did not, nor did the
troops seem to display even toler-
Evening star., 1960-12-11

ance for the rioters as they did to
some extent last January.
The key defendant in the Paris
trial of the ringleaders of the
January Algiers uprising, Pierre
Lagaillarde. jumped his bond
Monday and apparently escaped
to Spain. Four other defendants
disappeared with him. Already in
Spain was Gen. Raul Salan. the
former military commander in
Algeria, who had been relieved by
President de Gaulle when he
openly opposed the De Gaulle
policy on Algeria.
No one expects Gen. de Gaulle
to have an easy victory in his fight
for a solution. in Algeria. But few
are ready to predict failure for the
man whose singlemindedness and
determination kept Free France
alive after the humiliation and
defeat Of 1910. and who today
seeks to save the most he can for
France in Algeria.
Evening star., 1960-12-11

The Security Councils President
this month, under the rotation
rule, is Valerian A. Zorin Of the
Soviet Union. MIR. Zorin made the
most of his responsibilities last
week on the issue Of the Congo.
Renewing the attack begun by
Premier Khrushchev last Septem-
Der on Mr.. Hammarskjold, Mr..
Zorin charged that the Secretary
General fully associated himself
with bands of hired assassins di-
rected by Mobutu" in the Congo.
Earlier. James A. Wadsworth,
American delegate. demanded that
Mr.. Zorin disqualify himself as
Security Council chairman on the
Congo debate. Sharp words and
stinging phrases were flying thick
and fast as the Soviet chairman's
charges found a ready counter
charge from Mr.. Wadsworth.
The usually imperturbable Mr..
Hammarskjold contented himself
with q brief but grave reply to the
Zorin charges. He warned that
the withdrawal of U. N. forces
from the Congo would be disas-
trous in the present state of af-
fairs. II fear everything would
crumble," he said, noting again
that he himself and the U. N.
command in the Congo had been
neither "lackeys of anybody nor
shown servility to any interest"
Belgium objected in a Council
memorandum that allegations of
interference in the Congo were
"tendentiouS unfounded E.
Continued on Page CA
Evening star., 1960-12-11
THE NATIONAL SCENE
Dealing Out Jobs
Proceeding Slowly

President-elect Kennedy last
week continued, at a slowed pace,
the selection Of members of his
cabinet, but q not-yet-accepted
offer TO Adlai Stevenson pro-
voked an embarrassment along
the New Frontier.
81 realized more than ever that
Stevenson not only had a problem
in making himself understood by
the man in the street. but that his
indecisiveness. unless overcome,
would make him Intellectual as
President.
This judgment of the two-time
loser as Democratic presidential
candidate is shared by many other
Democrats. but perhaps none has
expressed it so unequivocally as
this quotation from former Presi-
dent Truman earlier this year in
his book. mfr, Citizen"
Last week the Truman quota
ton was recalled. The erudite.
articulate and witty Mr.. Steven
son once again couldn't make up
his mind. This time. to the en-
barrassment Of President-elect
Kennedy and the incoming ad-
ministration, he did not accept.
at once, the offered post Of United
States Ambassador to the United
Nations. He preferred to think
1t over.
One can understand Mr.. Steven
sons disappointment over not
being appointed Secretary Of
State. He wanted the job. His
great interest is in foreign af-
fairs. He has Travelled broadly.
He knows personally many Of the
worlds leaders.
But for q long time it has been
clear that Mr.. Kennedy had other
plans. Months ago, the Steven
son reluctance to take himself
all the way outpf the nomination
race. his hesitancy and finally his
refusal to put Mr.. Kennedy's
name in nomination at Los An
geles probably put the No. l
cabinet post out Of his reach.
This is not to say, however. that
Mr.. Kennedy had ever decided.
even tentatively. that he would
appoint Mr.. Stevenson Secretary
of State II elected President.
Evening star., 1960-12-11
Persistent Rumors

One of the more persistent ru-
mors is that Undersecretary Of
State Douglas Dillon, 81. . liberal
Republican, has been offered the
post Of Secretary Of the Treasury.
The name of Robert S. Me-
Namara. independent, has been
mentioned lately as a possibility
for high Defense Department
post.
State apparently is the big puz-
zle. Dean Rusk, Senator Fulbright
and David K. Bruce are the most
frequently listed candidates.
Mr.. Kennedy, who few to Palm
Beach with his wife and newly
christened son John. jr.. late in
the week, may end the specula-
ton on the Big Three Of the Cab
met tomorrow.
While the cabinet picking proc
ess goes on so. too, does the prep
aration for the transfer Of power
from the Eisenhower administra-
ton to the incoming Democratic
regime.
On Tuesday the man who ridi-
culed Mr.. Kennedy as that young
genius" during the waning days
Of the campaign. was his most
gracious host at the White House.
Evening star., 1960-12-11
Political Moves

Cen. de Gaulle's cautious but
determined course in the great
dilemma has been fiercely opposed
by both the implacable Europeans
in Algeria and the equally inn
placable Moslem Nationalists. But
he seems confident that his great
prestige and appeal. combined
with some of the most astute and
dexterous political maneuvering
ever seen even in France, will save
those things in Algeria that
France prizes most.
His program. in essence, calls
for the creation of q Moslem Al
gerian government enjoying q
limited autonomy. In time, the
area OF independence would be
broadened by the Joint action of
the Algerians and the Paris au-
thorities. However, the rights and
Evening star., 1960-12-11

put of. the greater the specula-
ton. One of the most absorbing
subjects OF the guessing game
concerns the PreSident-elect's
brother. Robert Bobby Kennedy.
1t seems clear that Mr.. Kennedy
would like to make Bobby; IS,
his Attorney General, but is wait
ing to see how heavily his trial
balloons on this one are shot at
before he makes a final decision.
A new factor OF doubt was in
jected last week when Mr.. Ken
nedy's old Navy friend. Byron
(Whizzer) White, former ALI
America football player from
Colorado, said he had been Of
fered a post in the administration.
He declined to say what job
it was. but promised decision
in a few days. This hesitancy
indicated to some observers that
the post involved is not of cabinet
level. Mr.. White had been men
toned as a possible Attorney Gen
eral,
Evening star., 1960-12-11
Communist SoIicitude

Already Morocco's impatience
with French policy. and gratitude
for Communist solicitude, has
taken the Rabat regime a giant
step along the way toward align
ment with the East.
Late last month, Russia gave
Morocco at least IL Might jet
fighters and two Ilyushin bomb
ers. Last week end. Russia used
her veto power in the U. N. Secu-
rity Council to further Morocco's
ambition to annex Mauritania.
Moroccan diplomacy in the
U. N.-notably on the Congo. but
also on other issues as well-has
been falling more and more in
step with Moscow.
1t is, of course, much too early
to write off Morocco as a Soviet
Evening star., 1960-12-11
Actions by Assembly
The General Assembly:

Inc GeneraI Assembly:
Voted to place Chile and the
United Arab Republic as nom
permanent members Of the Sc
curity Council;
Failed to get a two-thirds ma
jority necessary for election of
either Portugal or Liberia to q
third Security Council seat:
Elected Uruguay. Salvador,
Jordan. Ethiopia and France to
the Economic and Social Council:
Deadlocked between India
and Belgium for a sixth seat on
the Council after ten ballots;
Received a resolution from
Morocco asking direct U. N. inter-
vention. "energetically If neces-
sary," to end the Algerian revolt.
The Moroccan appeal is expected
to get the support of the Afro
Asian bloc, with the newly-inde-
pendent African nations belong
ing to the French Community alb
staining.
Evening star., 1960-12-11

De Gaulle'S opponents in Algiers
are determined that neither he
nor any French government in
Paris shall achieve and demon
strate control over them. At every
moment in peace explorations for
the last three years, they have
ostentatiously displayed their in
dependence - at Sakiet Sidi-
Youssef in 1858, on the street bar
ricades of Algiers last January.
and now in their reception of de
Gaulle as he dares to face them
down.
Next month. via a special ref
erendum in metropolitan France,
Gen. de Gaulle plans to demon
strate the overwhelming support
he has among the French elec-
torate. His f1anks will then be
covered. This week end he is try
ing to assure his rear.
The Algerian problem is rapidly
reaching that critical point where
the acknowledgements or disaster
are raw and imminent.
Soviet and Red Chinese prom
ises Of aid for the rebellion. re-
newed last week at the Commu-
mist summit conference in
Moscow. have introduced an
entirely new dimension Of danger.
Were volunteers" to be injected
behind the lines via Morocco or
Tunisia, the war would immedi-
ately engulf those two countries
and quite possibly the countries
of origin as well.
Evening star., 1960-12-11
At the u. NJ:
Hot Debates

The u. N. General Assembly
was q lively forum last week as
major items crowded the agenda
In the parliamentary cold war.
Talking. even harshly," said
Britain's Lord Salisbury one time.
lis better than fighting. unless in
Evening star., 1960-12-11

deed the talking Is but a prelude
to war"
The General Assembly during
the week listened to lot of talk,
and there were few delegates who
could predict with reasonable
safety whether the talks would
aid the cause Of war or peace.
Debate was at times acrimonious
and well-barbed with the bitter
cliches Of the cold war. But de-
bate it certainly was, however un-
clarifying the forenSics.
Evening star., 1960-12-11
BY WILLIAM II. FRYE
Contributing Writer

UNITED NATIONS, N. Y.-Gen.
de Gaulle's fair for the dramatic
has never been more vividly dis
played than at this moment. II
daring and verve could solve an
intractible problem. there would
soon be peace in Algeria.
Unhappily. the lonely man OF
Colombey les Deux Eglises is still
a tantalizing distance from the
Algerian settlement which he has
made primary goal Of his life.
He lacks one essential ingredi-
ent: evidence that he is master
Of the French army and Of the
right-wing extremists allied VITA
it-evidence that he can carry
through with self determination
for Algeria without touching off
a fascist revolt.
This is why. at immense peril
to his person and hence to France,
he has decided to confront his
opponents face to face on their
own ground. He must demonstrate
clearly and dramatically his mas
terry over them.
1t is the act Of a brave man.
Had the Algerian rebels been
certain of de Gaulle's total con-
troll over events, they would have
agreed to a cease-fire long ago.
The moderate wing Of the FIN
has confidence in de Gaulle as a
man: they trust his good faith
and his high principles. They be-
lieve he genuinely intends to give
them self-determination. But
they are in doubt as to his capacity
to make his will stick.
Evening star., 1960-12-11
De GoulIe's Copoeity

This has been the issue ever
since de Gaulle's intentions for
Algeria first became apparent. 1t
explains why friends of the rebels
demanded last week that the U. N.
be allowed to supervise a vote on
self determination.
They do not really think that
any French president could or
would agree to bring the U. N. into
the picture, except conceivably as
an observer; but they wish to
dramatize the necessity, as they
see it. for guaranteeing that the
referendum will be impartial and
free from army pressure.