davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-01-12
Rogers Opens Showdown
On Rights in Supreme Court
BY ROBERT z. CLARK
Star stan Writer

-H -NN-- "+@NNA
Attorney General Rogers
argued his first case before
the Supreme Court today as
the Government opened a legal
showdown with the South over
enforcement of the Civil Rights
Act.
The personal appearance by
Mr.. Rogers demonstrates the
Importance attached by the
Justice Department to the first
judicial challenge of the 1857
law to reach the high court.
The Government is appealing
a ruling by a United States Dis
trict Court in Georgia last April
that the civil rights law is
unconstitutional. The court
action grew out of Justice De-
partment efforts to enforce
Negro. voting rights by filing
civil suits against registrars in
Terrell County who allegedly re-
fused to register qualified Negro
voters.
In an advance brief filed with
the court. Mr.. Rogers said that
the Georgia Federal judge fell
into gross and manifest error"
by ruling parts of the Civil
Rights Act unconstitutional.
"Went Beyond Facts"
Mr.. Rogers said Judge T.
Hoyt DAVIS of the Macon tGa.)
Federal Court went beyond the
facts Of the case in diSmissing
a Government complaint.
Judge Davis ruled that parts
OF the act were unconstitutional
because they gave the Attorney
General the right to file in
junction suits against individ-
ual citizens as well as State
officials. He said Congress ex-
ceeded its constitutional powers.
Mr.. Rogers contended the
Georgia suit sought to enjoin
State officials - the voting
registrars of Terrell County
and not private individuals.
Charles J. Bloch of Macon,
counsel for the registrars,
argued in support of Judge
Davis action.
IF the statute is so broad
in its scope as to be uncon-
stitutional." he said in his
preliminary brief, the at
tempt Of the Justice Depart
ment to narrow it, to amend
it and to save it by alleging
under the color Of office'
doesn't save it,"
First Case in Post
An appearance by an Attor-
ney General in the role Of Gov
ernment attorney is unusual.
The Solicitor General normally I
represents the Justice Depart I
ment before the Supreme Court, !
and today's case is the first {
argued by Mr.. Rogers since he
took Office in November, 1857. t
The administration is conf l
dent of winning the Georgia v
case but less certain of rever- S
sing two other civil rights rul- t
ings by Southern courts that o
also have been appealed to the n
high tribunal.
The decision of a Louisiana n
court that has halted hearings S
by the Civil Rights Commits e
sion in the South may prove s
more difficult to upset. So may
a ruling by an Alabama court l
that the Justice Department =
has no right to sue States in :
enforcing the Civil Rights Act.
In the Louisiana case the
lower court held the commits n
sion was operating illegally in /
the South since there was no u
opportunity to cross-examine O
the witnesses at its hearings.
Deputy Attorney General Law e
renee E Walsh will argue this t
case for the Government next o
c
Evening star., 1960-01-12

towing oil-filled rubber con-
tainerS through Arctic seas.
DR.. Kramer began research
into antiturbulence before
World War II when he was in
charge of the Aerodynamic
Institute Of the German Re
search Center for Aeronautics.
After the war he worked for
the United States Navy.
Saw POrpOiSeS
1t was on his trip to the
United States that he saw a
school of porpoises and began
to wonder about their speed.
He studied them for some time
and discovered that they had
only about one-tenth of the
drag that would have been ex-
pected for their size.
In 1856 he obtained a sample
of porpoise skin and found that
it was covered by a very thin
elastic layer filled with ducts.
Evening star., 1960-01-12
Porpoise May Help
Subs Go 70 M.P,H.

NEW YORK, Jan. IL (AP).-
A secret taken from the por-
poise-a rubbery skin-may
help ships slip through the
water faster, an inventor said
today.
The same principle may help
missiles, rockets and planes in
fight and also may speed the
flow of liquids, Spokesmen said
They predicted, too, it some
day may make possible subma-
rine speeds Of 10 miles an hour
and, with improved power
plants, speeds of 200 miles an
hour.
Cut Drag 50 Pct.
DR.. Max o. Kramer, the in
ventor, said he had wondered
how porpOiSeS swim so fast with
so little effort. Their secret. he
discovered, is their special skin.
Work with United States Rub
Der Co. scientists has developed
coatlngs similar to porpoiSe
skin that reduce drag so per
cent by reducing water tur-
bulence.
Or. Kramer, vice president of
Coleman-Kramer, Inc, of Los
Angeles, spoke at news con-
ference.
Vice Admiral Charles B.
Momsen, a retired Navy sub
marine expert and now a con-
sultant to United States Rub
Der, estimated the possible sub
marine speeds. He also foresaw
1sst-moving cargo submarines
Evening star., 1960-01-12
Fund Lack HuIts
Five Navy Ships
By the Associated Press

The Navy today announced
that lack Of funds has forced
postponement Of construction
on fiVe ships.
1t said they are three guided
missile frigates, a research ship
and a cruiser being converted
to guided missile use. Total
estimated costs are more than
5000 million.
At the same time the Navy
announced that seven Destroy
erS will be converted in naval
shipyards and said it will go
ahead with construction in pri-
vate yards of seven vessels and
the conversion Of an additional
ship.
The deferred shipbuilding as
well as the other construction
was included in the 1860 pro-
gram previously authorized by
Congress.
Evening star., 1960-01-12
Sundburg Plays
In Title Role

CHAPEL HILL. N. c., Jan. IL
(AP). - The troupe of Bette
Davis and Cameron Mitchell
Cancelled its performance Of
THE World of Carl Sandburg"
scheduled tonight at the Uni
versfty of North Carolina. Mr..
Mitchell is i'll.
However, a capable substitute
has agreed to appear and the
show will go on.
Mr.. Sandburg, upon hearing
OF the cancellation, telephoned
from his home at Flat Rock,
N. c., and offered his services
free. The poet will read poems,
tell a few yarns, sing and strum
his guitar.
Evening star., 1960-01-12

headed by DR.. James B. Fisk,
executive vice president of Bell
Telephone Laboratories, sub
mitted detailed scientific data
to show that a technical con-
troll plan the scientists had
agreed on previously no longer
was adequate to detect under
ground tests.
In their IA months of ne
gotlations, the American, Brit
lsh and Soviet delegations have
drafted only the administra-
tive framework for a world
wide organization to police a
test ban. Most of the practical
control procedure remains in
dispute.
FOOlprOOf Plan Doubted
The collapse of the scientific
discussions has left doubts
whether a reasonably foolproof
control system is even possible
at the present stage of scien-
tific knowledge.
Western scientists believe
that a 100 per cent reliable sys-
tenn to detect underground 1lu-
clear blasts probably can never
be achieved. The best they
hoped for was agreement TO
permit an on-the-scene inspec-
ton Of any suspicious earth
tremor, and that this would
create an adequate deterrent
to a Would-be violator.
Evening star., 1960-01-12
Russia, West
Renew Farley
On nA-Test Ban

GENEVA, Jan. ~ CAP)-
The nuclear test ban talks
resumed today at the same
point of stalemate where they
ended before Christmas.
The United States, British
and Soviet delegates each re-
stated their previous positions
on how to police underground
tests without advancing any
new proposals.
The only new factor was
the United States decision to
resume nuclear tests any time
it wishes. There was no men,
ton Of the United States de-
cision, however, during the
deliberations.
The talks have been going on
internationally since october 81,
1858. Except for a Soviet
test series in early November,
1858, none of the three powers
has set off any test blasts since
the talks opened.
The voluntary United States
moratorium on nuclear tests
ended December 81. President
Eisenhower announced two days
earlier that his Government
felt free to resume nuclear
weapon testing at any time but
would not do so without giving
advance notice.
Fail to Agree
Mr.. Eisenhower said the
United States would resume
negotiations in a continuing
spirit Of seeking to reach a
safeguarded agreement" Many
West European officials con-
sidered the Americans were try
ing to prod the Russians into
an agreement, a tactic which
Soviet propaganda organs said
would prove futile.
The talks were suspended for
a three-week Christmas recess
on December l8 after an East
West group of scientists re-
ported almost complete failure
to agree on new methods to
police a ban on tests held
underground.
The American scientists.
Evening star., 1960-01-12
BY JOHN v. HORNER
star Stan Writer

Representative Flood, Demo-
crat of Pennsylvania, today
bitterly denounced the State
Department for considering a
request to fly the Panamanian
flag in the Canal Zone.
He charged that the United
States would be yielding its
sovereignty if the request
should be granted.
Sees Red Drive
Mr.. Flood voiced his objec-
ton at a meeting of the House
Subcommittee on Inter-Amer-
ican Affairs. The subcommIt-
tee chairman, Representative
Selden Of Alabama, on Satur-
day requested Secretary of
State Herter to delay a decision
Evening star., 1960-01-12
Garlic by the BusheI

SCHENECTADY, N. Y, Jan.
II tAP) Garlic is worth
$3.50 a bushel, the City Coun-
Gil contends. 1t voted last night
to pay Mrs. Viola Masucci that
amount for a bushel of garlic
she claimed city garbage COL
lectors hauled from the back
porch Of her home. She had
asked $25.
Evening star., 1960-01-12
IRIS Vault Cracked;
BURGLARS Get 81, 500

MEMPHIS, Tenn, Jan. IL
lAP).-BurglarS have cracked
the vault at the Internal Reve-
nue. Service Office in Memphis
and gotten away with about
$4,000 in cash.
To get to the 6-by-I2-foot
vault they had to hammer and
chiSel their way through a 23-
inch concrete wall which in
closed it. The burglary, dis
covered yesterday. occurred
over the week end.
Evening star., 1960-01-12
Flood Blasts Idea to Let
Panama Flag Into Zone

on the flag question until his
group studies the matter.
Mr.. Flood said Communists
want to get control of the
Panama Canal away from the
United States. That was the
purpose of the Cuban invasion
Of Panama a few months ago"
International communism,
Mr.. Flood said, has always
wanted to wrest control of the
canal from the United States.
And when my bewhiskered
friend "a reference to Fidel
Castro took over In Cuba,
there was naturally an attempt
to take over Panama. The pur-
pose Of the Cuban invasion Of
Panama was to take the canal. ="
Mr.. Flood also said Presi-
dent Eisenhower has no right
to send his brother-no mat
ter how smart he is or how
much he loves him-to dis
cusS yielding of sovereignty"
This was an obvious refer
ence to a report from Panama,
subsequently denied by United
States officials, that Milton
Eisenhower had made some
commitments on United States
Panama relations. DR.. Eisen-
hover, president of Johns Hop
kinS University, has served from
time to time as special preSi-
dental envoy in Latin America.
Treaty Held Sovereign
Mr.. Flood said the United
States enjoys full sovereignty
in the Canal Zone under terms
of a 1903 treaty and the State
Department lacks authority to
shape policy in conflict with
the treaty.
The department has said this
country recognizes that Panama
has "titular sovereignty" in the
zone. Mr.. Flood said there is
no such thing.
The Secretary of State has
recently written me that in
recognizing 'titular sovereignty
no surrender Of sovereignty on
the part Of the United States
is or can be involved" the
Pennsylvania said.
THE hosting of the Panama
flag in the Canal Zone would
not be an empty gesture and
would not be accepted as such
by Panamanian radicals who
dominate their government. Its
effect would be catastrophe,
for the day it is formally hoisted
the beginning of the
end OF exclusive United States
control over the Panama
Canal" he declared.
Evening star., 1960-01-12

Senate investigators were told
today that commercial opera
tors have made profits of up to
1877 per cent on storage of Gov
ernment surplus grain.
The testimony came from
three of the operators and an
Iowa economics professor. They
were the first witnesses in a
Senate Agriculture Subcommit- :
tees probe into the operations
of the multi-billion dollar Com
modify Credit Corp.
Subcommittee Chairman Sy-
mingtOn, Democrat of Missouri,
said the profits were the high
est I've seen in any program
since l came into government" /"
IF 1 was out of the Senate,
the first thing I'd do would be
TO go into the grain business, ="
Senator SymingtOn said.
Facility Occupancy High
The grain operators said that
profits were great in the last
two years because of the un-
usually high rate of occupancy
of their storage facilities.
Robert PuelZ. manager of an
elevator in Lincoln, Nebr., said
that his firm had made profit
of l67 per cent of cost on its
Government contracts last year.
The percentage, he said,
would be reduced somewhat if
shrinkage and quality deteri-
grafton of stored grain were
taken into account.
Mr.. Garrett B. Dudden, man
ager of an elevator in Venango.
Nebr., said his firm made a
profit of los per cent on every
bushel of Government surplus
grain it stored.
Ivan Summa, manager Of an
elevator in Archer, Iowa, said
It's profit-to-cost ratio was SO
per cent.
Tax Write Offs Aid
DR.. Richard Phillips, pro-
feSsor Of economics at Iowa
State College, said two Iowa
elevators he had surveyed made
profits of II and n per cent.
The operators who testified
today said they had taken ad-
vantage of the Governments
Evening star., 1960-01-12
Castro Rebuffs
u. ). Protest.;
To Seize More

~ SGILC IUIC
HAVANA, Jan. IL (AP)-
Fidel Castro'S regime has re-
jected a United States protest
against tactics used in seizing
American property in Cuba and
said it would speed up opera
ton Of its land reform program
against both Cubans and for
eigners.
Property owners were told to
take their complaints to the
Cuban courts.
United States Ambassador
Philip BonSal delivered a State
Department note yesterday
complaining that lands and
buildings Of United States
citizens in Cuba had been seized
without court orders and fire.
quently without written au-
bAAOA AlulIOHs
The State Department said
IN many cases no inventories
were made. no receipts given
for the seized property and no
indication given that payment
would be made.
Reports Disputed
On statement issued in
Washington. State Depart
ment Press Oficer Lincoln
White disputed reports that
Cuba had rejected the United
States protest out-of-hand.
tMr. White cited quota
tionS from a statement by
the Cuban Ministry of For
eign Relations that the
revolutionary Government
will study in due time" the
protest delivered yesterday
in order to form a Judge
ment =. and will act in con-
sequence"
tMr. White said there had
been no official reaction from
the Cuban government to
American representatives in
Havana on the proteSt.O
Response Is Swift
Acting Foreign Minister Mar
cello Fernandez issued a l50-
word statement to the press last
night which said the State De-
partment does not take into
consideration the basic situation
but rather relates a number of
supposed deeds which are quail
fled as violations of the
agrarian reform law"
Mr.. Fernandez said that
while a formal reply would be
made later. Mr.. BonSal had
been told the "firm position of
the revolutionary government
IN accelerating the work of
agrarian reform, applying
Of appropriation and
indemnification to (Cuban)
nationals and foreigners equally. .
and referring all doubtful cases
to tcompetentl Cuban courts"
The statement also raped
the State Department for Civ /
ing the press a summary of
the United States note imme-
diately although it is not the
established diplomatic custom.
Protest Called Insulting
A stronger line was taken by
Revolution in a front page
editorial. The semi-official
newspaper called the United
States protest insulting and
said it demonstrates that WASH
ington is not aware it is deal +
ing with a free and sovereign
nation.
Cuba will adopt whatever
laws 1t needs for the general
welfare Of its people, the paper
said, land 1t will do so without
violating the international
rights which so disturb the
North American Government
every time something happens
affecting the interests OF its
semi-colonists' spread all over
he world
During more than a half
the Cuban people have
Oeen miserably exploited by
great monopolies and their
looted by a government
which bowed to powerful for
ign interests and pressure
rom the government they rep
'esented." Revolution said.
The United States note was
he third to Cuba on the sub
Evening star., 1960-01-12

ject in seven months. 1t was
drawn up during conferences
in Washington from which Mr..
Bonsal returned on Sunday.
The note declared that the
Castro government seizure of
American private property vio-
lated both Cuban and interna-
tional law. But the summary
released to the press made it
clear it did not protest the
principle of land redistribution
but rather complained about
the manner in which it is be-
ing carried out. The United
States Government recognizes
the right of foreign countries
to expropriate lands and other
property within foreign do
mains provided fair and speedy
compensation is made.
officials in Washington said
the Castro government has
made no payments for Amert-
can-owned property seized so
far except in the case of a few
plantations producing fiber for
twine. The agrarian reform
law calls for payment with
2O-year Cuban government
bonds.
Apparently the United States
note made no threat of re-
taliation. The State Depart
ment said Cuba's position as
the major beneficiary Of United
States sugar quota legislation
was not mentioned. The sugar
act, which sets up marketing
quotas for foreign and domes-
tic areas, expires next Decem-
Der 81, and there have been
suggestions in Congress and
elsewhere that Cuba's quota
be cut in reprisal.
IS Million Seized
American property so FAR
seized was estimated in Wash
ington at SIS million or ST mil
lion. United States invest
ments in Cuba are estimated
at about 81 billion.
Easing up slightly on predic-
tionS Of an invasion by enemies
of his revolutionary govern
ment, Mr.. Castro said yester-
day Cuba is calm as his regime
moves into its second year.
I'VE are tranquil because we
know that the strength of the
revolution lies with the people
and they are with US" he
shouted in his first television
of 1860. This
country may be exterminated
by bombardment. 1t might dis
appear from the face OF the
earth. But it will never be de-
feated."
Evening star., 1960-01-12
Grain Storage Profits
Of Up to 1910 Bored

offer of fast tax write offs 10
expand their storage facilities
in recent years. Senator Sy-
mington said these write offs
had added to the taxpayers
cost in the grain storage pro-
gram.
The Missouri Senator, a po-
tential candidate for the Dem
ocratic presidential nomination,
was handling his first big in
vestigation in the farm field.
He noted that grain storage
and handling costs are now
running SIS million a day"
The Government is now me-
gotlating a new industry wide
agreement with the commercial
warehouse men and Senator
Symington said each l-cent
decrease in the annual storage
rate per bushel could save tax
payers over S25 million a year.
The storage operators said
today they could cut their rates
If they were guaranteed the
grain would remain in the ele-
vators for a longer period OF
time.
2-Cent Cut Mentioned
Mr.. Summa mentioned a q
cent-per-bushel reduction on
contracts guaranteeing two
years of storage.
The Governments policy, the
warehouse men said, is TO fill
commercial elevators ahead of
its own storage facilities, but
they maintained that the risk
they took in building additional
facilities justified their present
rates of profit.
Department of Agriculture
officials will testify before the
subcommittee tomorrow.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-08-14

Penn-Mar-3-bed
rm. rambler and garage; excel
condition; large lot. Sl4.65O
MANOR OAKS REALTY, RE. 8.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-08-14
OFF WHEELER RID.

S2O,950 - 3-bedrm. brick
rambler: Ia baths, recrea-
tlon room. > flreplaces: lot
eox234'. 50O6 Leland ave
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-08-14
FOREST HTS. RAMBLER
OPEN SUNDAY, 2-5

$50 Cree DIR. - Four bedrms., two
baths. recreation room. with many
extras; on lot 75xlSO. Out S
Caritol st. to Forest Heights en-
trance. bear right on service I'd
to Cree dr.. right to house Mr.
Jewell, HA. 2-TS26, LYMAN C
DELE 4, co INC III rnSnn
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-08-14
OPEN / TO DARK

New 3Ibedrm. ramblers. featuring
formal din. nm, finished rec. rm
"a baths; brick-and-stone. ali
quality construction.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-08-14
BERENs SALES. RE. $1,000

ROGERS HEIGHTs-3-bedrm. brk.
rambler, wooded lot. Assume ~
loan. UN. 4-49I2. OWNER. q"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-08-14
NEW HANDLERS

Holly Springs subdivision.
unoer $4,000! 3-bedrm
pTlck ramblerS; full bsmt
ultra-modern kitchen; low
gown payment: immed, poss :
"A mi. of Marlboro pike on
Walker Mill I'd. VI"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-08-14
Houses BY Hughes
OPEN TO SELL
25O5 Valley Way. cheverly, Nd

1905 Valley Way. Cheverly, Nc
A quality home built 10 last
Inc hnest native stone and
red brick construction. Beau.
TRULY Handicapped grounds,
terraced Picnic grove. Prop.
erty features lSt- floor bed
room and private bath, plus
md bath and more bed
rooms up. Big old-fashkoned
SIZE olnlnR room. gorgeous
x c h EN-. breeze SWept
screened back porch, sun
SHINE bright basement, House
is practically brand new for
gracious living. Sensibly
priced lust above the teens.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-08-14

ABSOLUTE SACRIFICE! Was SIG
BOO, now Sl5.5OO if you take over
existing financing 2-yr.-old. s.
oeorm. brick rancher with huge
equip. kit, wall-to-wall carpeted
Nv, rm. with picture window;
bright .wal6-out bSmt.. front
porch, Anchor fenced lot. Min
utes TO everything!
The Listing and Selling Comnanv,
MARYLAND SALES AP .onss
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-08-14

FURESTVILLE = Adorable 2-b.r
brick rambler on lge. lot: plenty
Make offer. MIKE COUGHLIN,
Realtor. RE. 6-4444.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-08-14
ARNALL REAL ESTATE
70 l.ISdn 1ni .

,20l3 Amherst rd.-Immac. 4.
bedrm.. 2-bath brick on lovely
landscaped lot. Huge closets. Fully
tiled 'walk-out bsmt. Owner trans
ferred. Immed possession. Low oOs.
HA. 2-525S. COHEE REALTY CO.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-08-14

LANGLEY PARK; BY oWNER-3.
bedroom semidet. tiled walk-ou,
66Smt.; assume large 4i,a loan
Sa1 month HE. 4-465f
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-08-14
HOUSES FOR sALE-Mp.

Ray PARK, yacant-OutstandinI
3 baths, 2 frepls., din. nm, porch
Price lust reduced. Out-of -toWr
owner must sell HUGH T, PECK
HE. 4-l70O It'll O
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-08-14
THE SUNDAY STAR Els
Washington, D. c.
August ID, 1860
HOUSES FOR sALE-MD.

TAK0MA PARK - Modern brick
rambler; 2 nice sized bedrms., liv.
rm. with flrepl.. dining area. Excel.
value $3.50 dn., Sl4,950. HUGH
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-08-14
WA. 7-4900

SEABROoK AREA - 3 bedrms
Ia baths, fireplace, separate din
room. snack bar in kit, large rec
type bSmt. Wall-to-wall Garnet
ing and air conditioning are oni,
q lew OF the bonuses found here
owners i'll health requires imme,
olate sale. Asking S20,75O. An,
reasonable offer considered. Sci
before buying.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-08-14
HOUSES FOR sALE-MD.

COLLEGE PARK, 5O12 HOLLYWOOD
rd.-Attr. 3-bedrm. brick bunga.
low: full bsmt.; lot with trees
WINSTON c. CLAY. WA. 7-422S
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-08-14
UNIVERSITY PARK AREA

ROSEMARY TERRAcE-Larse Gus
LON ION ouiidins sites for luxury
VIII arrange entire building pack.
age. HO'A