davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-08-13
Worshippers OF
Ethiopia's King
Halle Selassie
Causing Trouble
In Jamaica
University Study Of
Cults Activities
Eagerly Awaited

Kingston, Jamaica, Aug. Sat
the request of the leaders of the
Rastafari group in Jamaica, the
University College of the West
Indies has carried out a sociolog-
ical review of the claims of the
-cultists. The report of the sociolo-
gists is eagerly awaited here.
In recent weeks adherents of
Continued on Page Eight
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-08-13
Two Negroes
Plead Guilty In
Deputy Staying

Meridian, Miss, Aug. 2-Two
Negroes, hired to do the job by
the Sheriff for a promised $1,000
which they repeatedly has never
received, enter a plea of guilty here
this afternoon in the Staying OF
Montgomery County Deputy
Sheriff, William Kelly, and faced
either a death sentence or life
Imprisonment.
The two Negroes Alec Morris
Continued on Page Five)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-08-13
NATL Pharmaceutical GROUP
I'M 14TH ANNUAL CONVENTION

The 18th Annual Convention of
the National Pharmaceutical AS
ISOLATION was held in Rochester,
New York, August 2-3-4.
The principal resolutions approx
ed by the Convention concerned the
Associations responsibilities in
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-08-13
MEMPHIS NEGRO DEMO. NAMED TO COUNTY POSITION
Shelby County
Demo. Executive
Committee Gets
Negro Member
Jesse HI. Turner
First In Important
Political Position

Memphis, Tenn, Aug. 5-Jesse
H. Turner, a 40-year-old Negro
Banker and businessman, widely
known for his activities in the
civic, social, and religious life of
the community and state, was ell
ected Thursday to the thirty -one
member Shelby County Democratic
Executive Committee.
Mr.. Turner will be the first Ne
Continued on Page Six
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-08-13
World Eyes
Prospect Of
Ghana And
Congo Merger
High-POwered
Emissaries Of
Nkrumah In London
Meeting With
Lumumba

London, Aug. 5.-Unpredcitable
Premier Patrice Lumumba Of the
Congo is continuing to keep the
capitals of the world guessing.
Speculation on a possible Ghana-
Congo merger has been taken little
further by his Aug. midnight
Continued on Page Six
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-08-13

connection with the National Adj
visory Commission on Careers in
Pharmacy. The Commission, under
the sponsorship of the American
Pharmaceutical Association, is
planning and directing a continu-
Continued on Page Four)
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-08-13
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF
C0L0RED W0MEN'S CLUBS VOTES
TO ESTABLISH LOBBY GROUP
FOR CIVIL RIGHTS LEGISLATION
100000 Member Organization Pledges
About Effort For Full Rights
DIR. ROSA L. GRAGG OF DETROIT is
REELECTED PRESIDENT OF GROUP

NEW YORK, N. Y, Aug. g.
The National Association of Col
ored Women's Clubs voted today
to register in Washington as a
lobby group in order to press for
the enactment of further civil
rights legislation. The action came
as the ,00O-member group con-
Guided It's week-long 32nd bien-
NAL convention at the Park Sher-
atom Hotel.
The groups immediate objective
will be to obtain new legislation
and encourage enforcement of cur
rent laws in four areas. They are
education, housing, employment
and voting.
In a series of resolutions, which
won unanimous approval of the
1900 delegates attending the con-
vention, NACWC called for immed
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-08-13

late public school
throughout the count
feasibility to housin
that financed wit
funds; equal emplt
tunities; and FEEDER,
local action to pl
rights. The group
Continued on P
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-08-13

Patronize Our Advertis-
ers - Their Advertising
in this paper shows that
they appreciate your
trade.
Evening star., 1960-10-30

the assembly, has written this
memoir Of the meeting:
From our benches rose Deputy
Lordkapanidze who said in q
calm, business-like voice that,
according to an old parliamentary
custom, the first sitting should be
presided over by the senior deputy
S. P. Shvetsov "a non-Bol-
Shevik).
"As soon as ShvetSov's imposing
figure appeared on the dais, some
body gave q signal and q deafening
uproar broke out. The stamping
Of feet, hammering on the desks
and bowling made an internal
noise. The public in the gallery
and the Bolshevik allies Joined
in the tumult. The guards clapped
their rife butts on the floor. From
various sides, guns were trained
on Shvetsov. He took the Presi-
dents bell but the tinkling was
drowned in the noise -.
II delivered my Inauguration
address, making vigorous efforts
to keep self-control. Every SEN
tence was met with outcries, some
ironical. others spiteful, often
buttressed by the brandishing of
guns. Bolshevik deputies surged
forward to the dais -.
II finished my speech amidst
cross-fire Of interruption and
cries . Lenin in the government
box, demonstrated his contempt
for the assembly by lounging in
his chair and putting on the air
Of man who was bored to death" /"
Evening star., 1960-10-30

wooden frame. how accurately the
artist intended to paint the friar's
portraits in the foreground, and
how many steps would lead up to
the high altar.
Having successfully passed the
patrons censorship, the artist, his
signed and sealed contract tucked
safely away. hurried back to the
studio to fulfill the approved COM
mission. Each figure, each detail
of architecture, each fold of
drapery had to be studied and
planned before the actual painting
was started. This is the stage when
most drawings were created. A
major project required scores of
detailed studies, to be copied
precisely onto the final picture.
The 18th century Pollaiuolo
is represented in the showing by
a splendid example of this kind
Evening star., 1960-10-30
By WILLIAM r. FRYE
Contributing Writer

UNITED NATIONS, N. Y.-Both
Vice President Nixon and Senator
Kennedy have cited American
influence In the United Nations
as q barometer Of United States
prestige In the world.
This is an uncertain measuring
stick at best, since u. N. votes
even on East-West issues II are
kaleidoscoT1es Of conflicting in
tereSts, presSures, aspirations, and
viewpoints. United States in
fiuence or lack Of it. is only one
factor In the outcome. though it
is normally an important factor.
Nevertheless, it is possible to
get q rough indication Of the
international standing Of the
United States and of the popu-
larity Of its policies by studying the
ebb and now Of majorities here.
On this basis, the high point
Of American influence undoubt-
edly came In the period 1948-1950
when the cold war, ct the peak
Of its intensity, was building up
to a hot war in Korea.
The u. N. then consisted almost
entirely Of the Americas, Western
Europe, and the Communists;
Asia and the Middle East were
fringe factors, and Africa scarcely
existed as an element at all.
Automatic Mojorities
In this U. N, the United States
was supreme. Pro-WeStern ma
jorities were large and regular;
the Communists, frustrated,
charged they were automatic"
The United States even won sup
port for U. N. action in Korea
from key Asians. including India.
A decline set in soon after
Russia exploded her first H-bomb
in 1858.
Then came Guatemala, in 1854.
This, most observers agree, was
the low point Of American prestige
here. Henry Cabot Lodge success
fully blocked U. N. peacemaking
efforts until after the American
backed revolution succeeded; but
the cost in terms Of antagonism in
Latin America, Asia, and the U. N.
Secretariat was very high.
The United States took another
beating In 1855 when it unsuc-
cesSfully fought the package" ad-
mission Of new members to the
U. N. These new members trans
formed the character Of the world
organization, and once and for all
ended Western dominance,
Curiously enough. however. in
stead Of suffering irreparable dam
age, American influence has been
growing since that time. 1t was
not entirely that it had hit such a
low point there was no place to go
but up. Nor was it entirely that
the Russians pulled one of their
: greatest blunders Of all time in
Hungary.
The United States stand on
Suez-opposing two Of its closest
NATO allies-did much to win
back respect for its objectivity
among the Afro-Asian bloc.
American financial and diplomatic
support has been the backbone Of
Evening star., 1960-10-30
Prestige Barometer
As Shown at the u. N.

UNEF. the q. N. peace-keeping
army In the Middle East, o fact
which contrasts very favorably
with Russia's total non-support. =
Lebanon q Setback
Lebanon in 1858 was q setback.
But progressively more liberal
United States attitudes toward
economic aid; the Eisenhower
atoms-for-peace plan; and finally
the American stand in the Congo
have all tended to keep Washing
ton more or less on the upgrade,
despite q formidable shock wave
from Sputnik I.
Thus, from the vantage point of
the U. N.-again, not wholly q re.
liable measuring stick-it is ridic-
ulous to say that American prestige
Is either at its highest or at its
lowest point in history. That
prestige took q nose dive in 1884
and has been more or less steadily
recovering since 1856.
Russia'S has been I'D and down
also, though not in inverse ratio:
The u. N. does not see the world
as a kind Of East-West seesaw, in
which Moscow goes I'D when
Washington comes down, and vice
versa.
Russia'S prestige has been
largely a function Of two things:
her military strength, and Mr..
KhruShchev's policy Of detente.
The latter, Of course, is badly
tarnished at the moment, but the
former continues to impress q
wide range Of people.
Kennedy PROPOSED 4
The real test may come in Cuba.
Senator Kennedy's proposal for
helping the anti-Castro forces is
believed by many-without any
real knowledge-to have come
after he received information that
something might be done. Vice
President Nixon's furious reaction
is explained in part on this basis.
Mr.. Nixon's counterpropoSal,
that Cuba be "quarantined" and
handled like Guatemala, differs
from Mr.. Kennedy's, o. N. people
say, only in that Mr.. Kennedy
offered the idea Of a revolt pub
licly while MIR. Nixon was more
indirect and hence more discreet.
Both plans have caused shud-
ders here among those who re-.
member the q. MS reaction to
Guatemala. Similar action against
Cuba would be formidable blow,
If what the United States wants
is prestige.
However, prestige is not the
only or even necessarily the pri-
mary consideration in all cases.
Many things which would
strengthen the American hand
here might be prohibitively un-
popular with segments Of United
States public opinion. A major
increase in economic aid through
the q. N. is one. Scrapping Of the
American policy of boycott" with
respect to Red China is another.
Thus prestige is not a simple
and clear-cut matter. AS an elec-
ton issue, many y. N. people think
1t is in large part phony.
Evening star., 1960-10-30
UnempIoymentAreos
Could Swing Election

rate ia per cent; Lawrence
Haverhill. 1870 unemployed out
Of 84.4l0. rate 81 per cent: Lowell.
1900 unemployed out Of 50.220.
rate 9.8 per cent: New Bedford.
$500 unemployed out Of $3.50,
rate 1913 per cent.
INDIANA-EvansvilIe, 5000 un-
employed out of 77.6OO, rate 60
per cent; Terre Haute, 1900 un.
employed out Of 44,3O0. rate 6.5
per cent.
WEST VIRGINIA-Charleston,
$3.50 unemployed out of $500,
rate To per cent: Huntingdon
Ashland. 10000 unemployed out
Of 92,25O. rate 1l.8 per cent:
Wheeling. 10000 unemployed out
of 1890, rate 1875 per cent.
RHODE ISLAND-Providence-
Pawtucket, 25,60O unemployed out
of 335.600, rate 7.6 per cent.
Unemployment In these areas
accounts for $4,000 of the Ma
tion's 80 million total. The aver
age rate Of unemployment In these
areas last month was % per cent.
That is. "a Of each 1000 workers
were unemployed.
Areas are listed in the Sub
stantial and persistent labor sur
plus" category on this basis: Cur
rent unemployment 6 per cent or
more; and unemployment so per
cent above the national average
for three Of the four preceding
years, or rs per cent above the
national average for two Of the
three preceding years. or 100 per
cent above the national average
for one of the two preceding years.
In MetronoIiton Areos
Forty-two of the Nations $50
major metropolitan areas last
month had what the Labor De-
pertinent called substantial labor
surpluses"-with s per cent or
more Of the labor force unem-
ployed and no expectation Of any
significant Improvement for at
least the next two to four months.
Not since July, 1859, have so
man. major areas been in the Sub
stantial" unemployment bracket.
There were 1l6 smaller areas
in the same category last month.
Labor Department surveys Of
employers hiring plans in the
major areas foreshadow q mix
ture Of ups and downs in various
industries and localities this fall.
The total picture adds up to mo
significant changes" the depart
ment reports.
Senator Kennedy has been
campaigning hard in areas with
severe unemployment, blaming Re-
publican economic policies for
retarding business activity. He
has called for stronger Federal
action to accelerate the whole
economy's growth and especially
to aid depressed areas.
Vice President Nixon contends
the economy basically is sound.
but agrees with Senator Kennedy
action is needed to spur economic
growth and assist depressed areas.
Evening star., 1960-10-30
Authority for HeckIing
History One Of Contempt

The history of Bolshevik particle
patton in the State Dumas is a
record Of unbridled contempt for
parliamentary system. The po-
dium was used by the Bolsheviks
rarely for o constructive sugges-
tion, almost always for propa-
ganda purposes.
In the recent Soviet-published
History Of the Communist Party,
it is stated that "the Bolsheviks
decided to take part in the Second
Duma to use it as a tribune for
revolutionary agitation, for the
exposure Of the new autocracy
and the counter-revolutionary
bourgeois"
The Bolsheviks had boycotted
the first Duma, but Lenin realized
that 1t was more profitable from
q propaganda standpoint to par
ticipate in the Duma than to
Evening star., 1960-10-30
ONCEINA-LFETLME EXHIBITION
Italian Drawings: An Appreciation

is transformed into a diaphanous
wrath by the Mannerist painter
Parmigianino. In the next CEN
tury the human form becomes q
tattered relic torn by the hands Of
the Genoese artist, Castiglione.
Finally, in the last drawings Of
the exhibition the human form
becomes that Of a Greek god in
the hands Of the Neo-C Classic
sculptor, Canova. The human fig-
ure, in fact, during the five cen-
turies covered by this exhibition,
was the touchstone Of an artists
ability, and the many excellent
examples on exhibition illustrate
to perfection how varied and =
how well the great figures in the
history Of art have met the chal-
lenge.
Other drawings outside the
processes Of preparatory material
for finished work of art are the
incidental sketches. Occasionally
an artist without other more
pressing business, made notes on
the back of q sheet Of notepaper.
or the flyleaf of a book, jotting
down some object or person which
has caught his fancy-a visitor in
the studio with an unusual nose,
q leaf on a windowsill, or a dog.
in the street. These absent
doodles transformed by the magic
touch Of a great artist become
gems for the connoisSeur, and
there are several in the exhibition
Beginning in the 17th century,
drawings which had previously
been used mostly to instruct
young painters in the masteries
Of their craft, or occasionally
given by the artist to his friends
and patrons as tokens of esteem,
began to be regarded not as Sec.
ondary products, but as works
of art in their own right.
A Tiepolo Drowing
Artists, quick to respond to the
new demand, began making draw.
ings intended for this class Of coll
lectors, and from this time on
exhibition drawings form a new
category with characteristics Of
their own. We find calligraphic
flourishes, deep richness of tone,
carefully balanced designs. and q
self-conscious quality not found in
earlier works. Outstanding as an
example Of this last category in
the present exhibition Is the su-
perlative drawing by Clan Battista
Tiepolo, which comes from the
little-known civic museum Of BaS-
Sano In Northern Italy. Here the
great craftsman of the 18th CEN
tury has Sketched in the figure Of
the condemned saint with the
same force and clean sweep as the
stroke Of the sword which sewers
her head.
Drawings are not an acquired
taste like caviar, and we hope that
the Washington public will not
overlook this unique opportunity
to see some Of the finest examples
anywhere in the world. They will
be on exhibition through Sunday,
November 6, on the first floor Of
the National Gallery.
Evening star., 1960-10-30
By LEE COIN
Star stan Writer

Pockets of severe unemploy-
ment In seven States with 1l8
electoral votes could swing q close
election.
!. The seven States are Pennsyl-
vania. with 80 electoral votes;
Ohio, 25: Michigan, 20; Massa-
chusetts. Is: Indiana, IS; West
Virginia, 8. and Rhode Island. 4.
Unemployment nationally was
ct . seasonally adjusted rate of
ST per cent at last count, in Sep
tember. Although that's relatively
high by so-called normal stand
ards, the number Of unemployed
workers nevertheless totaled less
than 3.4 million.
Economists may worry about
an unemployment rate of ST per
cent and about other declining
business barometers. But politi-
clans doubt. that voters generally
pay much attention to economic
statistics that tell about how other
people are faring. They figure
that unemployment is q major
campaign issue only to the 3.4
million jobless workers and their
families.
If the 34 million unemployed
workers were distributed evenly
around the country they probably
would be too small force to
carry great weight. Unemploy-
ment at the level of 3.4 million
Is not serious enough to be q
burning Nationwide issue.
But joble$s workers are not
spread evenly. They are concen-
trated in a relatively few pockets.
In those pockets unemployment
is q crucial issue, an issue Of
bread and butter rather than q
matter Of faceless statistics.
"Lobor SurpIus" Areas
Exactly where is unemployment
a real and personal issue to the
voters? The Labor Department
regularly pinpointS major metro
politan areas with substantial
and persistent labor surplus"
These areas are on the latest list
for September:
PENNSYLVANIA - Alto ona,
with 6,10O workers unemployed
out Of labor force of $500, for
an unemployment rate Of 11.4 per
cent; Erie, 5000 unemployed out
Of 97,100, for a rate of 80 per
cent: Johnstown. 11.100 unem-
ployed out Of 95,700, rate Of l1.6
per cent; Scranton. II 500 unem-
ployed out of 8,400, rate lit per
cent; Wilkes-Barre -Hazleton, 49,
500 unemployed out Of 134.7OO.
rate 1877 per cent.
OHIO-Lorain-El -Elyria, $500 un-
employed out Of 71.700, rate TT
per cent.
MICHIGAN - Detroit, $4,000
unemployed out of 1,411, 800, rate
SO per cent; Muskegon-M -Muskegon
Heights, $500 unemployed out of
$500, rate 81 per cent.
MASSACHUSETTS-Fall River,
$3.50 unemployed out of $3.50.
Evening star., 1960-10-30
BY MARK METCALF
Contributing Writer

A distinguished British barris-
ter in town recently found him.
self exposed for the first time to
the rough-and-tumble tactics Of
a United States political cam
paign. He asked his host: do
you Americans really have such
a low opinion Of the men you vote
into off1ce?"
The answer was that It's part
Of the American tradition that
politicians should be fair game for
jokesters, punSters and grass
roots humoriStS. No one in the
public eye is immune from rib
bing.
Charles Farrar Browne, who
wrote under the name of "Arte-
mus Ward" remarked: II am not
a politician, and my habits are
good" Mark Twain spent a good
deal Of time chiding lawmakers.
I'VE all like to hear ourselves
praised" he said, "-humoriStS,
Congressman, burglars, and others
in the trade"
Mencken's Views
H. L. Mencken, discussing the
presidency, noted that the United
States has Jared best when its
President was the easy-going
type, given to an afternoon snooze.
1--WE suffer most" he said, mot
when the White House is a peace
full dormitory, but when it is q
jitney Mars Hill, with a tin-pot
Paul bawling from the roof"
The native wit Of Abraham Lin
coin shone at its best when he
was campaigning for Office and
gently needing his opponent. In
one Of his famous debates with
Stephen A. Douglas, the latter
charged that Lincoln had failed
in everything he ever attempted
farming, teaching, selling liquor,
practicing law.
Replied Lincoln: 'It's true, every
word of it. But there's one thing
Douglas forgot. He told you that
I sold liquor, but he didn't men,
ton that while I had quit my
side Of the counter, he has re-
manned on his"
Political humor reaches its
height in campaign periods such
as the present, when there are
plenty Of targets. It can run from
catchy slogans and wry quips, to
vitriolic and openly slanderous
comments about the candidates.
There are few people who don't
have a favorite anecdote about
the hazards Of running for Office.
For instance, a story now max
ing the rounds concerns the can
didate who was campaigning in
a rural area. He approached a
farmhouse where the farmers
wife was doing the family wash
ing on the front porch.
I'm Joe Smith, running for
Congress from this district" he
began, II wonder If can expect.
your support?
At this point the wife doused
him with the wash water, threat
ened him with a hatchet, shouted
that she and her family would
never vote for him, and then
turned the dogs loose on him.
When the candidate had re-
treated q mile or two down the
road, he took out a pencil and a
Evening star., 1960-10-30

Of preparatory drawing. In his
analysis of the figure of st. John
he seems to be mentally dissecting
the body, trying to reconstruct
the human frame, no longer
regarded in the Renaissance as q
sinful burden to be stuffed of at
the Gates Of Paradise, but q
wonderful machine to be under
stood, admired and revealed as
a supreme achievement of a divine
intelligence.
The Humon Figure
The theme Of the human figure
runs throughout the present show
like q recurring motif. In the
hands Of Michelangelo 1t Is q vast
and powerful monolith; Leonardo
regards it as a subtle and delicate
organism. A generation later it
Evening star., 1960-10-30
Senotor Ashurst Story

There have been exceptions,
however. One Of the Senate's great
humorists of days past was Henry
F. Ashurst Of Arizona. At the
height of campaign. Mr.. Ashurst
was chided by a colleague for
seeing the light" and changing
his stand on controversial issue.
Il didn't see the light" Mr.. As
hurst declared, II felt the heat"
Adlai Stevenson is one Of the
wittiest campaignerS Of recent
years. An observer at this years
Democratic convention remarked,
If laughs could have been con-
verted into votes, Stevenson would
have won the nomination again,
hands down."
Some Stevenson quips:
On the throng which defied q
broiling sun to await his arrival
at the airport: "out here, they
must like their eggheads hard
boiled"
On Senator John F. Kennedyis
lack Of gray hair: ''It's awfully
hard for a man in my condition
to talk about hair"
The Republican convention last
summer was enlivened by its share
Of humor. From former New
York State Gov. Thomas e.
Dewey, twice q presidential can
didate himself, came some of the
OCCASIONS sprightliest comments.
At meeting Of party leaders
to consider a running-mate for
Presidential Nominee Richard
Nixon, the talk turned to the
reliability Of public opinion polls.
Said unsuccessful candidate
Dewey: "You never speak Of rope
in house where q man has been
hanged" .