davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-12-03
Congo, Chana And Communism

Reports of Communist Vaccinations in the Congo
even that country achieving it's independence
have conceded with publication of Ghanaian White
Paper aiming to disprove charges that Prime Minister
Nkrumah has been interfering in Congo affairs. The
coincidence is arresting.
What is UNDERSIGNED in the Ghanian White Paper
is that for all the efforts of Communists to get in
the ground floor of Congoese independence communism
is regarded enemy by African leaders still
obsessed with memories of Western colonialsm
In letters to Mr. Lumumba, Mr.. Nkrumah is offic-
tally quoted saying Brother, have been in the
game for time and know how to handle
imperiaists and coonalists The only imperialist or
coloniaist trust is dead one"
But to Katanga provincial President Noise Tshombe
he wrote: your allegation of communism against the
Republic of the Congo shows how far you under
the influence of South Africa which regards any
ment for freedom as Communist"
These statements evidence of the struggle of At
rcans against both the waning imperialism of the West
and the waxing Imperialism of the Communist world
However, Mr. Nkrumah this weeks tragic up
at Leopoldvle the continued unwanted pres
of Ghanaan diplomat shows, has been playing
persistent role in his support of Mr. Lumumba
against other Congolese leaders. Many Congoese and
indeed other Africans may now want to know what
Mr.. Nkrumah thinks of pre-independence contacts
ported taking place between Mr. Lumumba and Bel
gan Communists the reported activities of the Czechos
lovakan embassy in Leopodvie at about the time
and the attendance by Lumumba supporters at big Bel
gian Communist meeting.
It is apparent that Mr.. Nkrumah does not approve
of communism in Africa. He may also wish to make it
clear thu he is not blind to efforts to plant its
imperialism there The Christian Science Monitor
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-12-03

although much more must be done, it must be
done in framework that will better help Haitans
do something for themselves.
This reporter has spent 10 days in Haiti, the
only French-speaking nation in the western hemi-
sphere, alternately doing and looking. Perhaps
the doing would have been more serene if the
looking had not been SO startling. Today the
headlines stem from cluster of little crises in
Central America. Tomorrow they could just as
easily spiral dangerously upward from the beauti-
full exotic, povery-stricken, wretchedly- governed
country of Haiti.
Its physical position alone is enough to give
the steadiest statesman insomnia. 1t shares the
island of Hispanola uncomforabIy and unhap-
pity with the ightist TrujilIo dictatorship of the
Dominican Republic on the east and the leftist
dictatorship Of Castro's Cuba is considerably
less than 100 miles away across narrow strip
of the Caribbean to the west.
The only continuing institution in Haitian poll
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-12-03
TougaIoo Players
To Present
'Monique"

The Tougaloo Players of Touga-
loo Southern Christian College will
present a murder melodrama in
two acts-"Monique," by Dorothy
and Michael Blankfort on Decem-
Der 6, 8 and 9, at 8 pm. in Ballard
Halls Little Theatre on the Tou-
galoo campus.
The play is set near Paris and
tells of the evil plans of Monique,
q domineering woman doctor, and
her lover, Fernand, to murder his
shrewish wife, Lucienne. The play
is filled with suspense and the to.
tally unexpected ending will great
ly surprise the audience.
Betty Smith, an attractive Tou-
galoo senior, will play the leading
role, Monique. The husband, Fer
nand Ravinel, will be played by
Theodore Jones, and his wife, Lu-
cienne, will be played by Doris
Peace. The interesting roles of
the inspector and a witless girl
will be created by William Taylor
and Patricia Tabb. Others in the
cast are Alfred Simms, Edgar
Jackson, Dorothy Barnes, and
Jerry Ward.
Jeanette Cole will stage manage
the production, which is directed
by Tougaloo's Speech and Drama
Professor, Mr.. Collins Bell. The
charge for public admission will
be $1.00.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-12-03

Army.
Mr.. Nkrumah advised Mr.. Lu-
mumba to consolidate his position
before asking the United Nations
forces to leave.
Whenever in doubt consult me"
Mr.. Nkrumah wrote. Brother,
we have been in the game for
some time now and we know how
to handle imperialists an colon
ialists. The only colonialist or
imperialist l trust is a dead one.
If you do not want to bring the
Congo into ruin follow the advice
l have given. Brother, have i'm
plicit faith in me; I shall not let
you down."
Letter Was Published Here
Some of the suggestions made
to Mr.. Lumumba by President
.Nkrumah in the letters released
yesterday in Accra were included,
word for word, in a letter dated
Sept. IL that was published Oct.
9 in The New York Times. The
letter was branded by a Ghanaian
official as a forgery.
The letter contained passages
identical to those in Ghana's
White Paper.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-12-03

tics is the army. There is no such thing as bona
fide political party system. Regimes are changed
when dissident factions are powerful enough to
GUST the ins. Haiti's nearly four million people
are s. percent iiterate; they present the worst
population problem in proportion to arabic land
In the western hemisphere; they are diseased and
undernouriShed and SO is their economy.
Haitis whirlpool of woes is not the fault of one
man or one faction but largely legacy of violent
history: cruel exploitation by the Spanish and
French, costly freedom from the French century
and half ago and ensuing internal bleedings
inflicted by competing black and mulatto leaders,
the brooding bitterness which still fingers after
20-year occupation by U.S. Marines ended only
in the mid-thirties, and now the staggering prob
lens OF bringing primitive even pagan society
into the age of jets, missiles, and the exploding
nationalism of dark-skinned peoples.
1t would be hard to imagine an area more
ripe for violent change than the underprivi-
legged land of Haiti. Oddly, neither Castro nor
khrushchev seems to have given major atten-
ton to Haiti-yet. But while the safety and
security of the hemisphere depend in part on
the health and vigoi of this little third of an
island, there is q challenge to us Americans
here which rises above our own SeIf-servine
needs.
HAITI IS SMALL enough SO that it could
under ideal conditions, be kind of pilot plant for
improvement of all Latin America. 1t would take
so little, comparatively speaking, to- get roads
built, the gashing wounds of erosion bound with
dams and reforestation, education expanded, in
dustry established, agriculture balanced, health
improved. But conditions are not ideal. People
and problems have to be dealt with as they are.
Haiti is corroded with anti-American prejudice.
This flows largely from the "racial problem" and
the inevitable envy of the HAYES by the have-nots.
There are bright spots in the Haitian picture
which, hope to touch on in another broadcast.
But in the forefront Of the turbulent Latin Amer
lean panorama confronting President-elect Ken
needy is the big, throbbing fact of little Haiti.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-12-03
Morgan Says:
Morgan Says
Exotic, Poverty Striker Haiti
Poses Positive ChQllende to US

(This column is excepted from the nightly
broadcasfs of Edward P. Morgan, ABC comn1en-
fafor sponsored by the AFL-CIO. Listen to Nor
gan over the ABC network Monday through
Friday at p M. EST)
T N AN INFORMAL straw poll taken in Port
au-Prinee, the capital of Haiti, just before our
elections, Haitians favored Senator Kennedy for
US. president over Vice President Nixon by
approximately five to one. Those who picked the
winner indicated they did so because they identi-
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-12-03
Water Pollution
Farley To Seek
End OF BLIGHT

lie NdtlOudI SoiACACLASS VA
Water Pollution will be held Dec.
1914 in Washington, D. C.
Pres. Eisenhower proposed the
conference last February as ne
vetoed an increase in federal aid
for sewage plant construction. The
President called water pollution
"a uniquely local blight"
In announcing the conference,
sewage facilities has accumulated.
Some 1000 representatives of
government, industry, labor and
civic groups are expected to take
part in the three-day meeting.
George H. Taylor, AFL-CIO eco
nomist, is the only labor repre-
sentative on the 35-member steer
ing committee.
Panel sessions will cover the i'm
pact of water pollution on public
health and economic development;
Surgeon General Leroy E. Burney
of the us. Public Health Service
pointed out that construction has
Jagged far behind needs and "a
huge national deficit" in needed
water resource management; legal,
financial and public responsible
ties of government and industry
and research and training needs.
Water pollution problems will be
discussed at a Dec. IL banquet by
a panel composed of Senators Roo
ert S. Kerr (D-Okla.) and Francis
Case (P-S. d. and Representa-
tives John A. Blatnik (D-Minn.)
and William C. Cramer (R-Fla.)
1t was a Blatnik-sponsored bill
which ran into the first Eisenhow
er veto of 1860. The House upheld
the veto by a 249-to-157 rollcall
tally, failing by % votes to obtain
the two-thirds majority necessary
to override.
The labor-backed Blatnik bill
would have authorized $50 million
year for 10 years for grants to
help communities fight water pol
luton. The existing program al
lows grants of $50 million year.
Democratic senators. including
presidential candidate John F. Ken
nedy, sharply criticized the Eli
senhower veto. They said the We
toed bill provided minimum of
federal aid needed for problem
requiring an interstate approach.
The Eisenhower veto message,
in calling pollution "a uniquely To-
cal blight" said the promise of
large-scale federal aid "would
tempt municipalities to delay es-
sential water pollution abatement
efforts while they waited for fed
eral funds"
He said state and local govern
ments and industry have "the ma
jor responsibility for cleaning up
the nations rivers and streams. "
AS for the federal responsible
ty, Eisenhower said he was ar
ranging for the national confer
ence to "help local taxpayers and
business concerns" realize their OBJ
| legations. He outlined several 9th
er minor federal roles as well.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-12-03
Fedora! Judge.
CONTINUED from Page One)

presence of police at their meet
ings discouraged attendance and
was an infringement of freedom of
assembly.
In the complaint, the two minis
tiers accused Commissioner Eugene
Conner and Police Chief Jamie
Moore of "using their offices to
carry out their dedication to the
preservation of racial segregation"
Commissioner Conner testified
that police regularly attended
meetings of the ACMHR to pro-
tect its members and the church
where the meetings are held. Con-
nor pointed out that the church
had been bombed once and an at
tempted bombing had also occur
red.
In answer to questioning, Con-
nor said he intended to continue
sending officers to attend the
meetings.
Police Chief Moore testified that
he regarded any meeting ITO pro-
mote segregation or Indignation"
as problem.
Two resolutions made by men,
bers of the group favoring closed
meetings were presented in evil
dence. The resolutions were pass
ed unanimously in the presence OF
police officers, Shuttleswerth said
Hoskins said he'd interviewed
Conner in 1868 for a story about
Birmingham and the segregation
question. Connor testified that he
did not remember the reporter.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-12-03
RI Segregation.
CONTINUED from Page One)

ferior.
This deprives the Negro chill
dren attending the segregated
school of the motivation for edu-
cational achievement, he said, and
leads to inferior service to them.
He added that this was a prob
lem of concern to the state.
Mr.. Johnson said he had been
called in to study the situation
in the Lincoln attendance district
in December, 1856. He said that
although the New Rochelle School
Board had requested the study, it
asked his first report of
Dec. 18, 1856, be withdrawn when
it became known that it criticized
segregation. He submitted a sec
ond report on March 25, 1857.
Julius Weiss, counsel for the
school board and a former presi-
dent of the board, sought repeated
ly to get the witness to say that
he had not found the lines of the
school district illegal or unconsti-
tutional. Paul Zuber, counsel for
eleven Negro pupils seeking a
temporary injunction permitting
them to attend a~edominantly
white elementary school,S 90 isted
to the line of questioning.
Judge Irving r. Kaufman re-
buked Mr.. Weiss.
"Will you stop making pro-
nouncements every half hour that
the plaintiffs have not established
case" the judge said.
Mr.. Johnson agreed with Mr..
Weiss that the Lincoln case pre-
sented the school board with "a
very difficult problem" Mr.. John.
son, however, said he did not be-
lieve the building of a new school
on the site of Lincoln School was
a solution to the problem.
DR.. Dan w. Dodson, educator
and human relations specialist,
was another witness for the plain
tiffs. He said he had been retain
ed by the board to study the situa-
ton in 1857. He said he had found
Lincoln "a racially segregated
school,"
The problem of achieving inte-
grated education in a segregated
community had been successfully
attacked by school boards else
where, DR.. Dodson said, but he
lost confidence in the boards de-
sire to correct its situation.
Another witness for the petit
TONERS was Mrs. Maralynn G.
Pierce, social worker and NEGRO
member of the school board. She
said the board had been informed
by many civic and religious organi-
cations that they opposed the
building of the new school on the
old site. But she said, the board
has gone ahead with its plan.
She said that the school was es-
tablished 100 years ago to serve
the needs of slaves and that the
board, in effect, had maintained
it as a school for Negroes.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-12-03
n egroes ln...
Continued from Page One)

same time that McFerren's fuel
supply was stopped. Nationwide
protests forced the oil companies
to supply McFerren again, but
Franklin is still deprived.
8. O'Dell Sanders, Negro leader
in Haywood County, has been
forced to close his grocery at the
corner of Jefferson and Jackson
in Brownsville. Thirty statesmen
once called upon him but they all
quit within two-week period un-
der pressure from the white land
owners.
Sanders has lived in Haywood
County all of his as years, except
when he served 31s years in the
Army during World War II. His
service included 10 months in
Guadalcanal, New Guinea, and the
Philippines, areas of heavy fight
ing. Mr.. and Mrs. Sanders have
six small children at home and a
son away at college.
a. White landowners who refuse
to join the boycott against Negro
voters are subjected to economic
reprisal and ostracism by members
of their group. One wealthy wom-
an who refused to chase voting
Negroes off her land can't buy
butane gas, fuel for her tractors
and automobiles, fertilizer, or even
Cadillac in Haywood and Fay
cite Counties. She had to go into
=, neighboring county to pay cash
for Cadillac.
s. Journalists trying to get facts
about the situation are questioned
and harassed by law officers. A
correspondent for The Southern
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-12-03
Ghana H..
Continued from Page One)

Continued from Page One)
Welbeck.
The letters, together with an
exchange of. messages between
Mr.. Nkrumah, Noise Tshombe,
President of the Congo's rebel
lious Katnaga Province, and JOS
epr Kasavubu, Congolese Presi-
dent, were published in the form
of Government White Paper.
Their publication was also intended
as an answer to the disclosure late
in September by Col. Joseph D.
Mobutu, Chief of Staff of the Con-
golese Army, of part of the CORE
spondence found in Mr.. Lumumbu's
briefcase during the latter's brief
arrest.
Some Letters Not Released
Although the White Paper says
a decision was made to publish
the centre correspondence" this
has not been done. In the opinion
of some observers, the letters to
Mr.. Lumumba strengthen the i'm
preston that MIR. Nkrumah has
taken a more active hand than
perhaps was warranted.
The correspondence indicates
Mr.. Nkrumah's determination to
back Mr.. Lumumba to the limit
by offering to permit Ghanaian
troops to fight alongside Congo
lese troops and promising to "mob-
ilize the Afro Asian bloc and other
friendly nations to support you
So ="
The exchange between President
Nkrumah and President Tshombe
was short and blunt. Following
Mr.. Tshombe's official request for
Ghana to recognize Katanga's in
dependence, Mr.. Nkrumah, between
Aug. a and Ia, made several ap-
peals to Mr.. Tshombe as an Afri-
can patriot not to be used as a
"tool' of the Belgians and to rec
ognize Mr.. Lumumba's central
Government. To President Tshom-
be's reply accusing Mr.. Lumumba
of communism, President Nkru-
NAH retorted:
"Your allegations of communism
against the Government of the Re-
public of Congo show how far
you are under the influence of
South Africa who regards any
movement for freedom as Com
munist."
Their correspondence ended with
a message from Mr.. Tshombe in
viting Mr.. Nkrumah to Katanga
to see for himself that the prov
ince was "free and mistress of her
destinies."
Gave Advice To Lumumba
President Nkrumah's advice to
Mr.. Lumuba, part of which has al
ready been published, was con-
tanned in letters dated between
Aug. 10 and Sept. IL.
Among other measures, he sug-
gested a military mission of Afri-
can states to train the Congolese
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-12-03
10 JOS JoHings
By 10 10 EVANS

This is the month that all Of the
boys have picked to quarrel with
their girl friends, so they can avoid
the price of Christmas present.
One fellow told me that he starts
"messin up" at least three weeks
before Christmas and keep up the
"dirty work" until New Years Eve,
thereby canceling any chance Of
reconciliation before the holidays.
This planned strategy of "pure
cheapness" has existed for many
years and the girls have gladly
taken these crude male species back
into their embraces and forgiven
them.
This year however, the tables
have turned" and it is the females
who hold the purse strings and
brothers, they have plans for you.
The pipelines are working steadily.
Each girl calls her hubby or the pal
of her boy friend to see if "her
hints are being observed" and If
nothing is in the making, she grasses
his name off her list. Since so
many more single girls are work
ing than the fellows, it will behoove
them to "straighten up and fly
right" One girl said that her
STEADY" had quit her every year
for three years in December, only
to come crawling back in January.
Now, we think that he has been
taking advantage of this poor girl
and we are sure that she will real
ize this when she gets paid at
Christmas time.
The man shortage and the lone
illness of the girls during the Holt
days have been the main factors
that made these girls reclaim their
erring lads" but the girls say that
a new Rat and new dress will help
them to overcome their loneliness.
So fellows you can start flirting
with someone else if you want to,
you can't make your girl friends
angry enough to sever relations
with you. You will have to make
up your minds to buy gifts or look
for another excuse. / will see you
next week, in the meantime, l will
be calling all my buddies to see if
l will have boy friend during the
holidays.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-12-03

fed him with the Roose-
welt good neighbor" pol
icy and they had high
hopes a Kennedy admins
tration would do some
thing" for Haiti. The
United States has already
done a lot, financially
speaking, for Haiti-at
least $50 million worth of
loans, grants, surplus foods,
technical and other as
sistance during the Eisen-
hover years alOne-and
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-12-03
Daisy Bates -.
CONTINUED from Page One)

governors private office and told
newsmen, when she left, that Fau-
bus had provided the information
she wanted.
Mrs. Bates and Governor Faubus
last met in December, 1859 when
she was escorting a West Indian
visitor through the capitol. At
that time they posed for pictures,
shaking hands.
Later, one of Governor Faubus'
opponents in last summers pri-
mary campaign attorney Gen.
Bruce Bennett) tried to use the
picture to convince voters that
Faubus had "sold out to the
NAACP."
Mrs. Bates did not say what in
formation she sought from the
governor. She said it was some
thing only he could provide. Her
book, she said, is about half fin
ished. It is scheduled for publ
cation next summer.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-12-03
kasavubu-...
Continued from Page One)

CO."
AS a result, said one of the Ka-
tanga participants in the meeting,
a round-table conference on the
future political structure of the
Congo probably will be held in
Elisabethville next month.
Split From Lumumba
Mr.. Tshombe set up Katanga
as an Independent state with his
capital at Elisabethville II days
after the Congo obtained its in
dependence from Belgium on June
80. He took the action, he said,
because Patrice Lumumba, then
the Congo Premier, was using dis.
ruptive Communist tactics to ere
ate disorder throughout the new
country.
Katanga, with its riches Of uran-
ium, copper, and other minerals,
is the economic backbone of the
Congo and is the center of opera
tions of giant Belgian mining
combine.
One of Mr.. Tshombe's quarrels
with Mr.. Lumumba was the Ka-
tanga leaders insistence upon a
form of decentralized federal gov
eminent which, he said, would be
suited to the Congo's localized tri
bal structure. Mr.. Lumumba IA
vored a strong central govern
ment.
Congo President Kasavubu has
sided with Mr.. Tshombe regarding
a decentralized federal government
structure.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-12-03
Lumumba
CONTINUED from Page One)

old daughter, who died in Swiss
hospital 10 days ago.
Officers loyal to Lumumba had
been reported taking over import
ant army commands in Stanley
vile, and there had been wide
spread speculation that the ex-
premier would try to get there to
resume his struggle for power.
Earlier today, it was reported
that President Joseph Kasavubu,
just back from the United States,
might meet Kantanka leader Noise
Tshombe soon in a new bid for
Congo unity.
Tshombe, master of. secessionist
Katanga province, is across the
river in Brazzaville attending the
former French Congo's celebra-
tions of the first anniversary of
it's independence, and it appeared
a meeting would be easy to ar
range.
Kasavubu has not said he in
tends to get in touch with
Tshombe, who is an old friend,
and the Kantanga leader evaded
questions on the subject.
81 am here at the invitation Of
President (Fulbert) Youlou to at
tend the independence celebra-
tions," was all Tshombe would
say to newsmen.
Most observers believe such a
meeting would be an essential pre-
liminary to the conference of Con-
go leaders which Kasavubu has
been trying to arrange for some
time. He now hopes to hold it
before the end of the year.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-12-03
Charge Atlanta +. .
CONTINUED from Page One)

CONTINUED from Page One)
Oretha B. Waller.
Sparks identified her as retired
Atlanta teacher and currently q
teacher at Morris Brown.
She has been treasurer Of the
credit union since 1910, he said.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-12-03
Communist -.
CONTINUED from Page One)

operation ais the collective respon-
sibility of all members Of this or
ganization and we must all con-
tribute-and make our contribu-
tions commensurate with our abil-
ity to pay"
But Soviet Delegate A. A. Ros-
chin replied that his country would
not pay any part of the operation
he asserted was dictated by the
United States and other Western
powers.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-12-03

Estimated total u. 8. demand
for petroleum products in 1875 is
II million barrels daily.