davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1960-12-08

line. A matching satin tailored bow
caught with Il matching circular
veil completed their outfits.
The brides mother was attired
in grape sheer wool with matching
bodice of silk chiffon in myriad
pleatS. She had a matching silk
chiffon hat. Her corsage was of la
Vcnder orchids.
The bridegroom mother wore
d royal blue printed silk dress
with a finely pleatcd chiffon skirt
over silk printed straight skirt.
The bodice was of chiffon with a
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1960-12-08
Sunnyside Underwood

Bessie Canaan visited Mrs. Lcota
Butts, German, on Monday after
noon.
Miss NADIA Marie Fuik spent the
weekend with her hGmcfolkS, Mr.
and Mrs Morgan FulS The Fulk
family were Thanksgiving day din
nor guests of Mir. and Mrs Asa
Npthkpu
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1960-12-08

drapcd nCcklinc. Her feather hat
matched the delicate pink Of the
dress print. The orchid corSagt
was Of the same pink.
Erwin Smith. Jr.. Of ToWSOn
served his brother as best man
Ushcrs were Donald Love. Balti-
more, student at Duke seminary
Durham, N. G.; Samuel Asher
fcltcr. Kcyser. W Va
Soloist was Miss Doris Hastings
Woodbury., N. J., accompanied al
the organ by Cyril f. Radcliffe
OF Woodstown. He also played the
traditional wedding marches.
A reception followed immediate
~ in the church social room. a
wedding trip to the Pocono noun
tains is planned over the Christ
mas holidays, and they will reside
at 10 Butler road. GlyndOn.
The bridegroom received his b
A. degree from Western Maryland
college where he was connected
with Pi Alpha Alpha fraternity. He
is occupied by Operations Re
search in Bethesda
The bride received her degree
from the same college where she
was a member of Delta Sigma
Kappa sorority. She is teacher OF
art in the junior high school at
RcisterStoWn.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1960-12-08
Lions To Observe
10th Anniversary

The Oakland-Mt. Lake Park
Lions club is preparing to cole
bratc its twentieth anniversary. A
special program is being arranged
to commemorate the chartering of
the club tWenty-ycars ago, in 1910.
The event will take place at
the clubs regular meeting on Dc
ccmbcr II, at the William-James
hotel.
The records Of Lions lnternation-
al show nine of the charter NOM
bcrs as continuing active with the
club and they are eligible for 20
year Chcvrons and Charter Mon
arch certificates They are Hcrvey
l.. Bittncr, Harold II. Harmed, II.
c. Leighton, S. Townshcnd Nay
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-09-11
THE NATIONAL SCENE

company's counteroffer to their
rock. bottom" proposals. The
Federal mediator is awaiting the
Quill response before calling an
other negotiation session.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-09-11

$4,000. BY sheer Overwhelming
manpower they seized the Span
ish base at Guanajuato and swept
.other cities north Of Mexico City
before them. Creole troops under
Father Hidalgo's co-conspirator,
Ignacio Allende, and other officers
had Joined the Insurgentes, as the
patriot forces came to be called.
Ignorant Of political or religious
philosophy, vague as to the pur-
poses Of the rebellion, camping out
by the light Of tens Of thousands
Of campf1reS, the Insurgentes
reached the very gates of Mexico
City itself before Hidalgo hesi-
tated, perhaps In fear of letting
his semidisciplined masses alight
on the capital or possibly Of Span
ish strength. At any rate. he who
hesitated was lost, for Hidalgo
lost his initiative. The Spanish
troops, aided by creole regiments
loyal to the crown, cut his forces
to pieces, and the raggedy army
lost thousands of defectors as
easily as it had gained adherents
only weeks before.
Hero Is Captured
It was not long before Hidalgo
himself was captured, refused q
pardon on the grounds that those
who love their country did not
require one; he was turned over
to ecclesiastical authorities. un-
frocked as q priest. excommuni-
Gated, then returned to the Span
ish military. He was shot In 1911,
little knowing that what he had
begun would end in succeSs-from
other hands, not his. Less than a
year had passed since the Cry
of Dolores"
To the south Of Mexico City a
one-time mule-driver,. of mixed
Spanish and Indian blood, for
mer student of Hidalgo'S and a
fellow-priest. was carrying on the
battle that had ended in the north.
Skillful with men, brilliant as a
strategist. this man, Jose Maria
Morelos, profted from the mis-
takes of Hidalgo's undisciplined
rabble. His well-drilled troops
were armed with guns seized or
stolen from the SpaniardS, whom
he defeated so often that he was
emboldened to proclaim q repub-
lie, even arranged constitutional
convention that drafted q docu-
ment promising social justice,
racial equality, higher wages for
the poor, higher taxes for the
rich. This radical announcement
lost him support among the Gre
oles, who did not want social re-
form in the Hidalgo- Morelos style,
but merely a chance to take over
from the Spaniards. BY 1915 he
too was captured and shot.
The rebellion was over for a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-09-11
Defense:
GrowingThreot

The North American Air De-
Tense Command yesterday con-
Quoted its biggest continental
training exercise, Sky Shield.
Because we are well into the
missile age, there is a tendency
on the part Of many citizens to
overlook the fact that any So
Wet attack on the United States
and Canada in the next year or
two would have to be conducted
principally by long-range bomb
ers. with an assist from rocket
firing submarines and ICBMs.
Air Force generals, IN their tes-
timony on Capitol Hill have con-
sistently tried to drive home the
point: The missile threat Is grow
ing fast, but until the Soviet has
sufficient numbers of ICBMs and
submarine rockets, the bomber
will be the No. / threat.
Yesterday, the North American
Air Defense Command, a joint or
ganization of United States and
Canadian forces, underlined this
belief when it staged its biggest
bomber defense exercise.
More than 1000 flights were
made by B-52s and fighter inter-
ceptor craft while Army Nike
crews went through the motions
Of launching their missiles against
the invaders" The exercise, called
Sky Shield, covered % million
square miles. from near the North
Pole to deep down into the United
States and out into the Atlantic
and Pacific Oceans.
When the six-hour test, whidl
shut down all non-military avi-
alton for the period, was complet-
ed, NORAD simply reported that
it had been conducted under
realistic conditions and lasting
benefits would result" Our guard
is up.
Elsewhere on the defense front,
the Navy claimed q new world
closed course speed record of
1,216.78 miles an hour for its
double sonic, two-seater inter-
ceptor plane, the F4H1 Phantom
II. The old mark of 1868 miles
per hour was made by an Air
Force RF-101 Voodoo last year.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-09-11

have been in power for 16 years,
the CCF is relatively weak and
numerically ineffective. But in
British Columbia socialism is
strong and militant, almost who'll
ly dependent on union support,
and its foes are the foes of the
unions.
Social Credit Premier
The front man for big business
is Social Credit Premier w. A. C.
Bennett, go, former Conservative.
One of his campaign claims is that
he has freed the province of debt.
In fact his government did retire
all Of the provinces $191 millions
of outstanding bonds. But it also
guaranteed $3.50 millions of new
bonds issued by provincial agen-
cies and companies that distribute
electric power and operate toll
highways, bridges, ferries and a
railroad. BY pledging the prov
ince's credit for $3.50 millions, the
government extended the power
grid and modernized the trans
portation systematic basis Of its
boast that it is "the government
that gets things DONE" Next, Mr..
Bennett promises. Social Credit
will proceed with plans for the
economic development Of the
northern interior of the province.
CCF leader Robert Strachan, 46,
a Scottish trade unionist,
heads the Socialist-labor drive for
political power. Aside from his
many election promises, Mr..
Strachan criticizes the govern
ment for immorality-the former
Social Credit minister of lands
and forests is in Jail for accepting
bribes-and for the governments
alleged willingness to give away
natural resources of great value.
If Mr.. Strachan is elected pre-
mier on Monday, he will be pledged
to cancel deal made by the So
cial Credit government under
which group headed by Swedish
industrialist and wartime Nazi
collaboration Axel -Gren
get large resources concessions in
northern British Columbia.
But the Wenner-Gren deal is
only a spectacular side issue in
this election. The big issue is
whether industry or labor will con-
troll the economic life of the prov
ince. The voters decision on this
issue will have important impli-
cations for all Of Canada, with the
CCF and the labor unions PLAN
ming a formal marriage next year
to create a new national labor
socialist party.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-09-11
BY DON FRIFIELD
Contributing Writer

MEXICO CITY. II Mexico will
utilize her talent for festivity to
the full this week and for the
rest Of this month celebrating the
150th anniversary Of her inde-
pendence from Spain. Bells will
toll, fireworks will streak through
the nighttime skies, artists will
have prepared special murals for
The interior of the great Chapul-
tepec Castle, folk-dancers will hop
and pulsate in city streets and
squares, picknickers will make gala
days Of the trek overland to visit
the sights and scenes Of indie
pendence, politicians will make
speeches, and people will stay up
all night for one or more nights
running.
: But the national hangover
scheduled for October is still a
long time away. September is
Mexico's month Of .wassail and
fair carouse. A big-wig contingent
from the United States, headed by
Secretary Of State Herter, will
be only one of scores of foreign
delegations to toast Mexico on
independence Day, September 16.
Back to Conquistodores
= Modern Mexico-a land with a
prosperous middle class, burgeon-
ing industry, democratic freedoms
equal to those in the United
States, farmers owning their own
land, and people receiving public
education and health benefits
will harken to q day when none
of these things existed in the Con-
Quistadores' greatest realm.
:. New Spain, as Mexico was
called for three centuries OF
Spanish rule. was q settled and
profitable colony, enriching the
Iiotherland of the Conquista-.
dores with millions Of dollars
worth of silver every year, profit
ably extracted at almost no labor
cost; the Indians were docile
types, long converted to Cathoh-
cism, and the set-up in Mexico
was tight-knit under the viceroy
and the church. Native-born
Mexicans of Spanish stock, the
creoles, had supervisory positions
in the economic, social and re-
iigious establishments, but native
born Spaniards held the reins.
Therein lay the seeds for dis
content, which might have re-
NAMED dormant for an indefi-
mite time, were it not for hap
penings in Spain itself.
:, Spain was one of Napoleon's
conquests in the first decade OF
the 1905; the King, Ferdinand
VII, was deposed and imprisoned.
TO be succeeded briefly by Charles
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-09-11

time; 1t lay dormant. It seemed
as If Spain had triumphed over
the Insurgentes.
On Loyalty to Spain
In Spain itself Ferdinand VII
had been restored to the throne.
found himself forced to accept q
new. comparatively liberal consti-
tuition. This did not 60 well with
the Mexican creoles, who saw that
loyalty to Spain had It's perils
too. Six years had passed since
the death of Morelos. His success
sor, Vicente Guerrero, was holed
UP in the hills between Acapulco
and Taxco, refused to surrender,
but he did agree to meet with
Agustin de Iturbide, opportunist
and conservative extraordinary,
who had convinced creoles. church
and Capuchines that Mexico
should separate from Spain, prom
Used equal rights to all. Iturbide
and Guerrero met, formed the
plan Of Iguala," after the city
where they convened, guarantee
ing Liberty, Union, and Religion"
a slogan designed to please all but
to favor the conservatives. The So
called Three Guarantee army
kicked out the Spanish before the
end Of that very year, 1921, and
Mexico was now free from Spain.
Iturbide had himself proclaimed
emperor; there was no thought
Of social reform, the military were
in power (thanks to HIND, and
Mexican history became for q
solid century the story Of the mill
tary ms and the military outs.
Iturbide was Of course deposed and
later shot. The republic was de-
clared. Guerrero himself became
one of its Presidents, who by now
have become almost too numerous
for any but a true scholar to re-
member.
AS for Hidalgo and Morelos' So
cial justice. this had to await the
great Mexican revolution, which
broke out in 1910. Even then it
was hard going for q few decades.
But this is another story. Sufice
it to say that Mexico won her in
dependence, but she did not win
the freedoms that she enjoys to-
day until she fought . much
bloodier war, and q much longer
one, than the war for independ-
ence.
This was q twentieth century
war against entrenched privilege,
foreign exploitation, and the harsh
whip Of hunger and restitution
among the Mexican masses. It was
war with its own brutalities and
ironies, including the revolution
airy tradition of devouring those
who spawned it as well as those
who fought against 1t.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-09-11
Negotiations Long

Some weeks ago, the dispute
was submitted to a neutral referee.
The company accepted his find
ings, but the unions refused to
do so. Then a presidential fact
finding board made the same rec
concentrations. Again the Pennsy
accepted and again the unions
rejected the findings.
There is little doubt that Mr..
Quill is not high on the Govern
ment's list of responsible labor
leaders. But there does not ap-
pear to be any strong admins
tration move imminent.
Descriptive as the strike is to
commerce and public service, it
is not endangering the health or
safety Of the Nation. Every time
a major shutdown directly affect
ing the public occurs, the drums
begin beating for some sort Of
compulsory arbitration. The adj
ministration has wisely opposed
this solution as one which would
lead to eventual Government reg
ulation of wages and prices. The
longer the strike lasts, however,
the louder the drums will beat.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-09-11
Continued from Page C-1

Continued from Page C-1
safety of the Nation, this fact
should be kept in mind:
They made their decision to
defect one year ago. They prob
ably were under Soviet instruction
in these last IL months and told
what information to get and how
to get it. Two intelligent men,
with their ears and eyes open and
discreetly inquisitive in the cafe
terra and wash room, could pick
up a great deal Of valuable data
in that period.
Perhaps personnel screening
and rescreening = needs to be
frightened up, particularly in such
sensitive agencies as NSA. Presi-
dent Eisenhower, who called the
men "self-confessed traitors" in
Dictated he believed this when he
told a news conference:
Nov, believe that an Incl
dent such as this shows that we
must always be on the alert, very
alert. I would think we must go
through our entire procedures to
see if there is any one way we
could better it,"
But an acknowledgment that
the Russians put one over on us
should be no signal to return to
the shooting Government Sc
curity officers of Senator Joseph
r. McCarthy's heyday.
It is to be hoped that this
thought will find acceptance on
Capitol Hill, where several con-
f1icting and erroneous statements
already have been made in con-
nection with the case.
Holding an especial responsible
ity are the two groups which will
open independent Investigations
this week in an effort to determine
whether, in their opinion, Gov
eminent intelligence agencies are
sufficiently viligant in barring Sc
curity risks from their payrolls.
These are the House Un-Amer-
lean Activities Committee and an
Armed Services subcommittee.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-09-11
et-Chinese Tensions Key
To Khrushchev Stand, U.N. Hears

according to the best information.
A final draft must be ready by
January. 1861, under directives
laid down by the Goth Party Con-
gress in 1856.
It must reflect the experience"
OF all socialist" states, including
Red China-al1d very clearly Pei
ping has its own ideas Of what
should go into it.
Something akin to q religious
war is being fought, therefore,
within the Communist empire. It
Is a war all the more bitter be-
cause it is being fought among
the faithful. All sides are seeking
to influence the final form Of the
goth century "Nicene Creed"
lnevitobiIity Of War?
There is danger in this for the
West. Extremists within the enemy
camp, who openly believe in and
proclaim the inevitability Of
atomic war, clearly are trying to
persuade their comrades that the
West plans preventive war. The
U-2 and RB-47 flights were por-
trayed as preparation for it; now
the two National Security Agency
defectors, William H. Martin and
Bernon F. Mitchell, have renewed
the charge that it is American
policy.
There also is danger for the
West in that the less extreme fac
ton, apparently led by Khru-
shchev, will feel pushed into in
flexible stands and adventurous
actions, as in the Congo, in order
to prove its orthodoxy, to show
that its line gets results" and
as Todor Zhivkov, First Secretary
Of the Bulgarian Communist
Party, put it last week-to "im.
pose" peaceful coexistence on the
West. Khrushchev is coming to
the U. N. General Assembly under
this kind of pressure to be tough.
In the Congo, where Moscow is
trying to get results" the u. N.
is present as a moderating factor.
Last week the U. N. FLASHED head
on with the Kremlin when 1t de-
MED Patrice Lumumba use Of the
Congo's airfields with which to
wage his Soviet-supported civil
war. Moscow i'm m diately
screamed foul"
Berlin is another trouble spot,
and there the U. N. is not on hand.
Moscow has begun. once again
pinching of western access routes
whenever, in its view, West Berlin
has brushed the chip of Of itA
shoulder. n
Men fighting among themselves.
as De Gaulle pointed out, are,
often led to do irrational and
dangerous things. It is times
U. N. diplomats say, for maximum
alertness in the free world.
Yet alertness alone is obviously
inadequate to the crisis. The adj
vantage to a homeowner in know
ing precisely at what hour his
house catches fire is a negative
one; far better if he could head of
the blaze to begin with.
There are plenty Of signs, how
ever, that there are more flremen
than homeownerS among the poll
icymakers representing both East
and West in the present inter-
national showdown. Homeowners
like to save their homes; firemen
likewise, but only after the fire
has started.
The challenge, then. to the
homeowners and the f1remen Of
both East and West In the coming
weeks, will be the handling of the
matches and the excelsior. Th&
fire would be easy to start, but
impossible to extinguish.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-09-11
Major Turning Point
In British Columbia
BY GERALD WARnNG
Contributing Writer

VANCOUVER, British Columbia.
Big business and big labor are in a
no-holds-barred fight for political
and economic control of the Prov
ince of British Columbia.
GSThis is the basic issue of Mon
days general election here-an
election spectacularly different
from the four other provincial
elections in Canada this year. The
Conservatives and the Liberals, the
powerful old-line parties that We'd
in the earlier elections, are of
minor Importance here. The vot-
ers' choice in British Columbia is
between the right-wing Social
Credit government, seeking re-
election after eight years in Of
flee, and the Socialist, known for
rnerly as the Cooperative Com
monwealth Federation, or CCF.
Big business is backing Social
Credit with money, propaganda
and pressure on employees, because
socialism is anathema to private
industry. The labor union leaders
are solidly behind the CCF, which
has promised to repeal anti-union
laws, to appropriate the power and
transportation network Of the BIC
Electric Co., to bring the telephone
system under public ownership,
and to extend welfare service.
The pivot of the election is fear.
Industry fears appropriation, gov
eminent regulation, a stoppage of
government concessions for the
private development of rich tim
Der. mineral and power resources,
and the ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Of the
power Of the unions.
Arm Of Big Business
The BIC Federation of Trade
and Industry, the public relations
arm of big business here, has cam
paigned against the CCF with the
argument that a CCF government
would brighten away capital need
ed to- develop resources and pro-
vide jobs. This plays on the
peoples fears for their jobs, be-
cause times are not good in this
west coast province. LAUNDERING,
salmon fishing, construction, min
ing and fruit farming are de-
pressed. and unemployment is
greater than elsewhere in Canada.
The development of the fear
complex in this election is unique.
While industry opposes the CCF
in the provinces to the east. it
does not fear it. Except in nom
industrial, wheat-growing Sas-
katchewan, where the socialists
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-09-11

priests were close to the Indians,
learned generally to respect them
and even in many cases TO be fond
Of them and eager to protect their
interests; thus did early 18TH CEN
tury liberalism tend to divide the
Catholic Church in Mexico.
LiberoI- Minded Priest
One such liberal-minded priest,
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla. was
exiled from the deanship Of q
college to Q nondescript village
called Dolores. where he none
theless continued his discussions
Of dangerous topics with ike
thinking creoles in the vicinity,
in the meantime teaching his In
dian pensioners the cultivation
Of vineyards. textile-nnakine. bee
and silkworm culture. The In
dams revered him. The vines were
destroyed by Spanish representa-
tiyes to preserve the Spanish wine
monopoly. This may well have
been the last straw to Father
Hidalgo. q middle-aged angry man
Of his time, He plotted rebellion
with his coterie Of local creoIes;
but his plans were prematurely
revealed. He had to get out Of
town in q hurry. Through his
loyalty to the deposed Ferdinand
VII he hoped to strike at the
viceregal power in Mexico, with
an army Of Indians: there was no
time to organize the creoles.
A Call to Arms
One Sunday morning, he tolled
the bell in his church, summoning
the faithful to hear him. His words
electrified them:
"Will you make an effort to
regain the lands the greedy Span.
tards stole from your forefathers
three centuries ago?" Holding high
the Indian Virgin Of Guadalupe
banner, he shouted: Long live our
Lady Of Guadalupe, down with
evil government, death to the
Capuchines!"
This historic trio of commands
became the battle-cry of Mexican
independence, and 1t is from that
date September Is, 1910, that it is
reckoned. Thus the flrst enuncia-
ton Of the "Cry Of Dolores"
brought the Indians screaming
with enthusiasm to march then
and there with Hidalgo, out of the
church, out Of the village, a little
band grabbing hoes. macheIes,
knives, Sickles, and even a few old
guns as they trekked bedraggedly
but def1antly into the country
side.
No one knows how large Hi
dalgo's army" became. Suffice it
to say that it numbered, within
a few weeks, as many as 10000,
but certainly no fewer than
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-09-11

world is in the middle Of drafting
a new official party program, the
first since 1918.
Few in the free world realize
the importance this program has
to the communists. It can be
compared to the Nicene Greed
which the Christian world drafted
in the 4th century AID. It will
set forth the communist credo on
economic, social, and political
problems; on peace and war; in
deed, on virtually everything. It
will blueprint the world Of COM
munism which party faithful have
set as their goal.
This party program has already
gone through three secret drafts,