davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-03-15
HELP MEN
District
Representative

Mister Service, Americas fastest
growing service organization. is
interested in contracting an ambi-
tious married man with back
ground in direct selling who is
interested in a permanent career
opportunity. Compensation plan
is designed to yield $4,000 in
commissions yearly. Man selected
must be willing and anxious to
accept responsibility Of recruiting,
ent dealers. This Individual will
receive exclusive area, noncom-
petitive products. national adver-
Using leads and lifetime income on
dealers. Write qualifications stat
ing phone number for personal
interview in this area with our
vice president. Write Box 24-B,
Evening star., 1960-03-15

ADMIN. SECRETARY, Under 80;
FEE PAID. This needs an enter
prising girl. who will enjoy the
challenge Of a busy l-girl ONCE;
no bookkeeping: 35-hr. wk., plus
some overtime: good English es-
sential because you will answer
correspondence on your own; start
to $4,000. Many other Jobs. In
SsrvieEs 9-l2a TELE SEC. 100
Evening star., 1960-03-15
REAL ESTATE statesmen

OVER 30 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE
IN BUILDING HAVE GONE INTO
MAklNG THE MACKLE COM
ABLE IN FLORIDA.
Evening star., 1960-03-15
HELP MEN
HELP WANTED

8 men-Excellent earnings
Car an advantage. JU. g.
Evening star., 1960-03-15
HELP MEN
(CONIlNUEDl

ACCTS.. bkkprS., saleSmen, engineers
lall kinds) so openings daily. Pos
S75 wk to $4,000 VI. up. Miss
Bell. BOYD'S, 700 18th, cor. @
Ma. s-2340
ACCOUNTANT, under 80, BIS. or
B.C.S. REQ: to start S400
MANAGEMENT TRAINEE, under
80 to SO ;
SECRETARY, exper.; under 35,
to S110
TECHNICIAN, electronics or lab,
sa1arv Opa n
Evening star., 1960-03-15

when ansWeTino advertisements
addressed to Star bores do NOT
tnelose original references, pho
to6rdphs or other materials OF
personal ualue. Copies serve the
purpose. Originals may get lost.
Evening star., 1960-03-15
HELP MEN

MEN: Have openings in our asst.
mgr. training program, approx.
sos Wk. to start; can advance TO
over S150: white; living mr.. Sc.
Wash. or p. q. County. Call TU.
2-430a. g nm To O u n
Evening star., 1960-03-15
APPLY PERSONNEL OFFICE
INIIE IEGIIrn 90

Continued on Next Psse)
Evening star., 1960-03-15

COOK, exper,, short order, white
only; eve. shift: 9 days; top SAL
ary: working conds. Apply to
DOMINO RESTAURANT, IO2sO
Baltimore ave. College Park, Md,
9-ll am. TO 6-S pm.
COOK. experienced, from 5 pm. to
am. Apply CRYSTAL CITY
RESTAURANT, l647 Conn. ave
NV.
COUNTERMAN, white; eve. work;
car nee. Chik'n Bucket. 35l4
Conn. ave. NV.
DEBIT AGENT to represent EQ-
UITABLE LIFE INSURANCE CO:
exper. not nee: salary to start.
S32h per mo, plus comm. ia.
7-ll99, KE. s-711j,
CRAFTSMEN, Alex. arch. or struc-
tural: exper. nee. ; days, $3.50
POTOMAC EMPL., oil King st. a.,
Alex, KI, 9-5055.
DRAPERY INSTALLER, exper.; po-
sition perm: good hrs. FABRIC
CENTER, INC, Vienna, Va. DU
5-7311.
DRIVERS. full and part time: paio
vacation. hosp, etc; exceptional
earnings: modern equip Apply
1928 Lee hwy, Arl., Va. YELLOW
CITY CABS.
Evening star., 1960-03-15

doing general practice with bulk
of practice in negligence and tort:
small salary to start Write CIV
ing address, telephone number.
age, school background. previous
law experience, etc. to Box 256-
Evening star., 1960-03-15

IBM OPERATORS, 5 yrs. exper. !;
full time: must know how to wire
407 and 6O4 for commercial in
stallation: in KensinRton. 10
Evening star., 1960-03-15
4 MEN NEEDED

Best man to be selected for divi-
sion manager. Apply Q to 12 am.
42s Victor bids, 724 9th ST NV.
ST. 3-699l. ewes: UN.- 4-7970
Evening star., 1960-06-04
GEORGETOWN
f3onn scott Placel

5000 Scott Place.
New corner brick: & bedrms., B
baths, roof garden overlooking en-
tire city. garase. large terrace of
din. rm. and liv. rm., elevator
bedrm. floors completely carpeted;
every feature for exquisite living.
J. HARRIS. AD. 1889
HOLM HALL - ALEXANDRIA
1 bedrmS.. . baths; avail. July l
for 2-yr. lease. S165 mo. Near
schools and shopping center.
Evening star., 1960-06-04
ALLIGooD AGENCY
!. S-4471 REAITOR c

J0; s:4477 REALTORS
ASHBuRTON. ,5906 Kinesford pl-
Front-back split level brick, 4
bedrms., . baths, level, step
down liv. nm, din. rm., elec. kit,
ground level rec. rm., patio, den,
bath; garage, storm sash
throughout; close shopping, ali
schools, churches, transp.: low
3Os, or1er considered. Open Sun.
= to b, OIL, 4-UU;3O
Evening star., 1960-06-04
Ans n11nA,r, ,.r.,z

406 BURNT MILLS AVE
BURNT MILLS-Gorgeous 2-yr mid
brick rambler. 8 bedrms', 81
paths nv. rm., din. rm., All
elec.. kit, rec. rm., . fireplaces,
porch and car port. Price $40, 900
Occupancy week, Dir: Coles
VILE rd. to Southwest dr., left Ia
Childs st., left to Burnt Mills ave
Evening star., 1960-06-04
nf0|pgn.

BETHESDA CUTIE; GIG Wilson
iane-.Rambler, w/liv. rm., charm-
ing nrepl,, sep. din. rm.. mod
and den or ard bedrm.; 3rd bed
rm. has pvt. bath: full bsmt., l.
car garage: level lot, Handicapped
by professional: priced to sell this
week end at S27,950. WILLIAM
c. RUTLEY REALTY, 1912 Wis.
ave. OIL. 6-1717.
BETHESDA--Brick Colonial, S22,-
$50. 3 bedrms., bath, 2nd foor
Lse. liv. rm., w/firepl., lge. den
or bedrEn, powder room, sep. din.
rrn.. 1st floor. BURTOH-KEL-
LEIGH, OIL. o-6555; ewes, OIL.
2-S246.
Evening star., 1960-06-04
6l7 PERsHTNc M

6l7 PERSHING DR..
~. MlCHAEL'S PARISH-Brick
Colonial. immaculate, ist ioor-
Nv. nm, din. rm., kit, paneled
den, "a bath; 2nd floor, 8 bed
rms m and bath: full bSmt., HOT
WATER HEAT, porch and patio
NICE IeVel Handicapped lot. Price
Ga. ave. to Wayne ave, right In
PershinR dr. To Rl7 "
Evening star., 1960-06-04
HOUSES FOR SALE-MD.
(coNIINUED)
ESTATE

With charming view; 8 bed
rooms, 3 baths, beautiful
porches. maids quarters; An
acres Of grass and shrub
berry. DAN WIGHT, REAL
TOR, Frederick, Nd, or
your real estate agent.
Evening star., 1960-06-04
112 WILLIAMSBURG DIR.

112 WILLIAMSBURG DIR.
ST. BERNADETTES PARisH-
Your family will enjoy this neiah-
borhood and lovely neighbors.
close to everything. Lge. Colonial,
oedrms:, panelled den, huge liy.
rm.. kit, sunroom, . ireplaces,
rec. rm., 2-car garage, nice Level
lot. Price S23.95O. Occupancy 80
days. Dir: Colesville I'd. to Univ,
plvd., right TO Williamsburg dr.,
Evening star., 1960-06-04
J NORTHWEsr DR.

3I3 NORTHWEST DR..
BURNT M1LLS-Huse custom -built
brick rambler, 3 tWin-size bedrms
3 baths, lge. liy. rm., lge. din,
Inl., huge elec. kit, full bsnlt ..
s-car garase, lovely lot with trees
Price 100000. Occupancy so days,
Dir: Colesyille I'd. to Southwest
Or, left to Childs St, right to
Northwest dr., left to ana
Evening star., 1960-06-04

CHEVY CHASE-Summerset a.
bedrm., 2-bath spotless rambler
with den. G.E. kitchen, large iiy,
rm. with fireplace, din. area,
screened porch, finished rec. rn,
with fireplace, maids room and
bath, central air-conditionins
garage. Schools, Shopping and
transportation close BY, $40 500
Call OIL. 2-6641. Mr.. Devereux,
weekdays OIL 4-6755. JOSEPH q
DEVEREUX INC.
Evening star., 1960-06-04

1l6 HAMILTON AVE.
GRANVILLE PARK-Dutch Colo.
NAL, 3 bedrms., den, liv. rm.,
din. nm, kit. Ia baths, nice lot
Price Sls,950. Dir: ColesVille I'd
to Franklin ave, right to Ocala
st., right to Hamilton ave, right
to 116.
Evening star., 1960-06-04

9. A. scHLEsINGER CO.
Evening star., 1960-06-04
HOUSES FOR SALE-Mp.
BETHEsDA's FINEST VALUE
BURNING TREE
VALLEY ESTATES

AAhG GAO n Ed
A select group Of IL different Gus
om-designed homes: or more
bedrms.; on lge. wooded lots. incl.
new 4-bedrm: on I level ramb. w
ssaGsEo st 81 csrRfIRsE RGREADY S5Y Y'sSSi soip others
.GIULIANO OIL. 4-1100
Exclusive Agent tout River RdJ
BETHESDA, outstanding williams
burg split level featuring lge. liv.
rm. and hrepl.. all elec. kit. with
cheerful breakfast area, den and
powder rm.. ) bedrms., . baths,
gear garaEe, lge family rm. New
ony eSI1tFgston Sts Zoo in g5sssIEs aEsa Ese
REALToR. 10. 4.s111. til Q.
BETHESDA. stately brick split level,
center hall, bedrms., ga baths,
sewing rm. and dressing Tm.. all
elee. kit, with loads Of brkfst
space. This home has all the
tremendous value. we uree you
TO see this one. Only $4,000.
KORzENDORFER REALTOR, OIL.
4-SI11 til Q.
BETHESDA, Just over the District
line-3-bedrm., center-hall brick
rambler, located on q lovely wood
ed street. This charmer includes
liv. rm:, din. rm.. huge compl
equip. kit, . baths, bsmt. and
Faraee. Extra bonus in a beauti-
ful and sunny paneled family rm.
opening OF the kit. Only S29.a50.
ANDR1s REALTY, OIL. 2-907O Til q
BETHESDA-sturdy brick and slate
English Tudor in excel. neighbor-
mood. Liv. rm., din. rm, kit. den
and powder rm on main level.
3 bedrmS., 2 baths up. Rec. rm.,
maids rm. and full bath in bsmt,
1mmac: cond. Mid 3Os.
ANDRIS REALTY, OIL. 2-907O It'll 2
BETHESDA-split; 4 b.r. on /
level: 2h b., lse. l.r. and dr.,
entry hall, dinette, family rm.,
study above grade, full bsmt.: walk
to 3 schools: $4,000: swim club
avail. OWNER. EN-. 5-1627.
BETHESDA, 2 blks. NIH-3-bed-
rm., stone-and-brk.: rm. for 4th
bedrm. and additional bath, brick
nrepl., ser. side porch, extra-lRe.
rec. rm.; fenced lot; conv. to
schools and shop. center; S24, 800.
S912 Grant st. (oWNER), OIL.
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES Co.
Ionial; 3 bedrms.. Ia baths, sep.
din, rm., liv. rm., frepl., fenced
yard. trees; nr. schools, NH
BY OWNER. OIL. 4-46Sl.
Evening star., 1960-06-04
MONTGOMERY COUNTY
ALLIGOoD SELECTIONS
SIVER SPRING
OPEN SUN, IL PM.
e4O5 WORTH r AVE.

sungaloW. HoTeWIA'TTER' ! HEAT. 3
bedrms., Ia baths, liv, rm., din.
rm., kit. rec. rm., : firepiaces, prch
On q lovely tree-shaded street.
Occupancy l week. Price, Sl5,-
$50. Dir: Colesville rd. to
Leighton ave, right to Worth
ave, left to 9405.
Evening star., 1960-06-04
REAL ESTATE SALE or ExCH
WILL TRADE

WILL TRADE
Residential property in
Miami, Florida for Wash
ington residential property
in any NE, Sc. or SUB
URBAN areas
Call Mr.. Morrison. SHAN
NON a. LUCHS CO, To4
l4th st. NV, MA. s-2345.
Evening star., 1960-06-04
MASS. AVE. EXT.
MONTGOMERY COUNTY
OPEN SUNDAY 2-6

A bit OF the country. but only 30
minutes from downtown, Old
bilities on site, 75x175 with large
trees and dogwoods: plans avail
able for modernization; price,
$4,000, easy terms.
To reach: Out Mass. ave. Ia mi.
bevond D. c. line, left on Sanga-
more, right on Madawaska to
A. c. Houghton & Son, Inc.
141s H st. NV. OIL. 4-7aeS
NEAR DISTRICT LINE in Avon
dale, delightful 3-bedroom all
brick Colonial; Ia baths, recrea-
tion oom, nice corner fenced lot
with trees, beautiful flowers, a
show place: wall-to-wall carpet.
screened porch. Priced for quick
sale; SlS,75O. A. j. KESSINGER
& CO., JU. 9-4544.
OFF EAST-WEST HWY.-3-bedrm
brick rambler, scr. porch. rec. rm.,
etc Low oOS III 2-31S3
Evening star., 1960-06-04
2411 DEXTER AVE

,2411 DEXTER AVE.
bier, 3 bedrms., liv. rm.. kit. with
table space. rec. rm.. level lot
Price SlS.750. Dir: Ga. ave. "a
Dexter ave, left to GAIL,
Evening star., 1960-06-04

119 INDIAN SPRING DIR.
air cond.. immaculate Il
3-bedrm., brick Colonial, liv. rm,,
din, rm. kit, breakfast rm.. III
baths, garage, level lot, tree
shaded street. Price S22 800. Dir D.:
Colesville I'd. to Indian Spring dr.
right to ll9,
Evening star., 1960-06-04

BLAIR AREA-Lovely spac. 3-yr.-
yng. brk. rambler; newly redec.:
close in. bedrms., 3 baths, fire.
pl,, fenced lot, mod. kit: walk to
schools, bus and shopping. Mid
twenties. Trades accepted; open
SUBURBAN PROPERTIES MGT.
BLESSED SACRAMENT PARISH
A New England Colonial in the
Village, close to CHEVY CHASE
CLUB. and wonderful schools. 8
bedrms., (or 5 and upstairs
study. center hall, sep. break
fast rm. screened porch. patio
with access to lovely secluded
garden, Priced in low 40s, with q
$50, 900 1st trust available to ap-
proved purchaser. EN-. 3-2255.
MILL1CENT CHATEL. DE. 2-1137
BRADLEY HILLS GROVE-Brick
rambler priced in the mid-20s,
located in an area of $4,000 and
$4,000 homes. "a an acre of
wooded seclusion. 3 bedrms.. 2
baths, brick construction. Rec.
room, hot-water heat, and many
ANDR1s REALTY OIL, e-aO72 It'll o
Evening star., 1960-06-04

7436 BALTIMORE AVE.
TAKOMA PARK-Brick Cape Cod
3 bedrms. and den. liy. rm.. din.
nm: kit; 2 baths. HOT WATER
HEAT =, porehes, lge. lot with
July Is. Dir: Piney Branch rd
to Philadelphia ave, left to Bal
timore ave, left to 7436.
Evening star., 1960-06-04
$40 NORTHWEsT TrppAr1

24o NORTHWEST TERRACE
BURNT MILLS-If you have n
large family and do lots OF enter
tanning. see this new custom
built. 4-level split home TO-DAY
. bedrms., den, huge panelled
piayroom, huge library, liV. rm.,
Gin. rm,, cleo. kit, 3 ireplaces,
3ha baths, breezeway, 2-car car.
port, completely air cond. Price
So3,500. Occupancy l week. Dir =:
Soiesville rd. to Southwest dr.,
IeIt 10 Chlids st, right to North
west dr., left to 240 Northwest
terrace. '-- :" e''
Evening star., 1960-06-04
HOUSES FOR sALE-H.W.
HOUSES F0R SALINE.

CAPITOL HILL = First presenta-
comel Completely remodeied into
> attractive 1-bedrm. apts.; per-
feet location, minutes walk to
Capitol. New baths and kitchens.
Of-Street parking. Good fnanc-
ing. Mr.. PARDOE. WO 0-43eh
Evening star., 1960-06-04
SIMMONS PROPERTIES

ROCK CREEK HIGHLANDS-An-
tioue brick Colonial, 8 mos. new.
Center hall, pan. den, lee. liv. rm.
with beaut bay window and firepl.,
sep. din. rm., extra lge. compl.
equip. kit, screened porch, ga
baths. 3 spacious bedrms. S33,500.
OWNER, VIII. 2-269S,
ROCKVILLE (Twinbrookl-4 bed
rms, . baths, full walk-out bsmt.,
rec. rm., carport: dishwasher. dis
poSal: carpets, drapes; fence;
shrubs; nr. schls., shops, swim.
pool. Assume 5AcS FLA 30-yr.
loan. S23,50O. Owner, GA. 4-533S.
ROCKVILLE: S16,5OO-Big 3-bed-
rm. rambler, fenced cor. let. Lee.
liv. rm.. plus din. L.. equip. kit,
washer and drier: bsmt.. rec rm.
Assume A. GI. Ne agents. Gar
den 4-9509
ROCKVILLE-Immac.: 3 bedrms.,
many extras, incl. air cond.: win
dow wall overlooking patio and
encl. yd. Walk to school and shop
ping. Sl3,750. GA. 4-1723.
ROCKVILLE bedrms., . fun
baths, m. rec. rm., full din. I'm
split-level: fenced yard: $4,000:
about $4,000 cash needed. GA.
4-S747.
Evening star., 1960-06-04
ROCKVILLE pARNEsTowN

ROCKVILLE - DARNESTowN
Two houses, l for income. Main
house, 3 bedrms., liv. rm., sepa-
rate din. rm., kitchen, . baths,
full bsmt. wIsarage. Rental house,
/ bedrm,,, liv rm.. kit. and bath;
81 acre Only S16,500.
GAITHERSBURG
Masonary rambler, living rm., 3
bedrms., den, kitchen and bath.
8 years old and newly refinished.
Near st. Martins Parish. $4,000.
PRICE & HOFFMAN
WI. s-9077 Ewes. WA. 6-oS0s
7sS So. Frederick Ave, Gath, Nd.
GA. 4-5054
Evening star., 1960-06-04
KNOCKS

OPPORTUNITY KNOCKS
WILL SACRIFICE
u 900 dn. for this 3-bedrm. brick
center entr., liv. rm. with firepi. |;
sep. din. rm.. paneled rec. rm.,
lge. level fenced lot, scr. pch.,
washer; many extras. Walk TO
Langley shop. center. schools,
buses. Now S1S.90O (Sl 900 below
FLA APPRAISAL. OWNER, HE.
4-1543.
POTOMAC-Nev brk. ramblers, 3
bedrms.; on Ia-acre lot; middle
20s. 1923 Falls I'd. Open Sun.
l to z pm. OWNER, WI. 2-6149
Evening star., 1960-06-04
MARUMsco vILLAGE-3-bedTm

Kit. almost new $3.50. BURRIs
REAL ESTATE, IA. 4-7400.
MASS. AVE. EXTENDED, 5000
Gordon rd.-Lovely 4-bedrm., q
bath rambler; att. gar, full bsmt.
and air cond. throughout; $500.
WALKER g. DUNLOP, INC, ST.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1960-10-21
HiqhIights of Richard Nixon'S
Acceptance Speech at Chicago

Says Freedom Is the Issue
One hundred years ago in this city Abraham Lincoln
nominated for President of the United States The problems
which will confront next President will be greater
than those that confronted him. The question then free
dom for the slaves and survival of the nation The question
now is freedom for all mankind and the survival of cvza
ton and the choice you makeyou each of you listening
me, makes this November can affect the answer.
Won't Buy Peoples Votes
We going to make promises cannot and should
not keep and going to try to buy the votes
with their money And those who say that this posi-
ton will mean political defeat my is this We have
faith than that in the good of the American Peo
pie provided the people know the facts and that where
come in And pledge to you tonight that will bring the
facts home the American people and we will do with
campaign such this country has never seen before.
viii Campaign In so States
announce to you tonight and pledge to you that per-
sonaIy will carry this campaign into every of the fifty
states of this nation between and November g. And in
this campaign make prediction say that just as in 1852
and 1885, millions of Democrats will join not because
they are deserving their party but because their party de-
serted them at Los Angeles two weeks ago.
Warns Against Communism
Iwant to speak to you another kind of aggessionaggres
sion without war; for the aggressor not
quercr but a champion of peace, of freedom Offering
progress and plenty and hope to the unfOrtunates of the
earth And say tonight that the major PrObemthe biggest
problem confronting the next President of the United States
will be to inform the people of the character of this kind of
aggression the people to the mortal danger pre-
sents and to inspire the people to meethat danger And he
must develop grand strategy which will win the battle
for freedom for all men and without That is
the great task of the President Of the United States
Sees Greatness In Sixties
cav toniUbt that we Americans shall rise to our greatest
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1960-10-21
A Message from the President

President Eisenhower wrote Nixon: You have
brought to the Office of Vice President real stature
that formerly it had not known. you have worked
tirelessly and effectively to interpret to the people
of America and to forward = the policies of this
Administration For all Of this am personally i'm
debted to you. Dwight D. Eisenhower"
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1960-10-21

those forces which threaten peace and the rights of
free everywhere There things do and
things must do We must take the necessary steps which
will assure that the American economy grows at maximum
that maintain present massive lead
the Communist bloc How do do this? There isn't any
magic formula by which government in a free nation
bring this about The way to insure maximum growth in
America is not by expanding the functions of government
but by increasing the opportunities for investment and
tive enterprise for millions of individual Americans And at
time when the Communists have found necessary turn
Decentralization of their economy and to turn the of
individual incentive to increase productivity at a time in
other words, when they turning way say must
and we will not make the mistake of turning their way
Replies to KhEushcheV
When Mr. Khrushchev says our grandchildren will live
under Communism let say his grandchildren will live in
freedom
The American Dream
can only say tonight to you that believe in the American
dream because have it come true in my own hfe
Nixon Accepts Nomination
hundred years ago Abraham Lincoln asked during
the dark days of the tragic between the states whether
he thought Cod was on his side His My
Germ not whether God SIDE but whether
Gods side My fellow Americans may that ever be
prayer for country and in that spirit with faith in Amer
ica with faith in her ideals and in her people accept your
nomination for President of the United States.
Evening star., 1960-06-27

means. Some substances have
Just q few isotopic forms (hy-
drogen, two natural and one
artificiaD, while others have
many (tin, 10 natural, IS arti-
ficiaD.
Most natural isotopes are moi
radioactive. These are called
stable" because they remain
apparently forever, what they
are now. Most of the artificia,
isotopes and a few of the
natural ones are unstable, ,
however. They give of various
types of radiation, and in doing
so change from one substance
to another.
The chemical chart is nc
longer a simple affair with 90
odd boxes on it. There are
something over 1900 identified
isotopes of 102 elements today
Several hundred are by.
products of the type of fissior
that takes place in an atomic
bomb or a reactor. 1t is nc
longer sufficient to look ir
Box II for sodium or Box II
for chlorine. The former come.
in six varieties, the latter ir
nine.
Types of Radiation
The radiations given of BY
unstable isotopes are of three
principal types, known by the
Greek letters alpha, beta and
gamma.
Alpha particles are very
heavy, as atomic particles go
and are the least penetrating ot
the three forms of radiation. A
thin piece of paper is enough
to stop them. As an externa,
source of radiation, alphas are
neither very useful in industry
nor dangerous to living things
They can be extremely dan.
gerous, however, If accidentally
loosed inside the body.
Beta particles are extremely
tiny bits of matter about 1/720C
the size of alphas. They can be
regarded as electrons, similar
to those that sweep the f1uores-
cent inside of a picture tube tc
create a television image. BetaS
penetrate matter more deeply
than alphas. but are stopped by
a thin sheet of metal. They are
useful as quality control gauges
in industry and, while not es-
pecially dangerous as an ex-
ternal radiation source, they
can cause skin burns and car
do great damage If they gel
inside the body.
Gamma rays are not particles
at all, but bits of pure energy
much like X-rays. They are
extremely penetrating and can
be stopped only by a great deal
Of mass-inches of lead, feet
of concrete, yards of water
They are useful in science and
industry and are the principal
cancer fighters involved in ra.
diotherapy. Accidental exposure
to gammaS is a hazard not to
be trifled with.
Not only the type of radia-
ton, but also its energy, must
be taken into consideration
Energy is measured in millions
Of electron volts. The more en-
Evening star., 1960-06-27

search, agriculture and medi-
cine. First, however, it would
be well to review the nature o1
radioactive isotopes and the
radiations they give of.
There are about 80 basic nat
ural chemical substances called
elements. Some of these have
been known to man since the
dawn Of history; others have
been identified quite recently
Another dozen have been Gre
ated since the beginning of the
atomic age.
Elements are natures build
ing blocks, and most of the
things familiar to us are COM
binations Of two or more oi
them. An example is table
salt. which is made up OF
molecules consisting of one
atom Of sodium and one atom
Of chlorine.
In the old days. scientists
found it sufficient to regard all
sodium atoms as identical, and
all chlorine atoms as identical
Certainly, the chemist then
could not tell one sodium atom
from another in his laboratory
He had a chart of chemical
elements where sodium be-
longed in the box numbered II
and chlorine's place was In
the box numbered II.
Complications Set In
Around the turn Of the CEN
tury, however, scientists began
working with very heavy ele-
ments which had a strange
property called radioactivity-
they gave OF electromagnetic
emanations. These scientists
noted that even an apparently
pure sample Of one of these
elements contained atoms that
differed from one another by
the type Of radiation they gave
off. Later, there was found to
be a slight weight difference
among these atoms. too.
The scientists coined a woro
for these substances. They
called them "iSotopeS" from two
Greek words meaning same
place" (on the chemical chart)
"Radiosotopes," of course, are
substances that belong in the
same place on the chart and
give off radiation.
IsotopeS are now known to be
natures rule, not the excep-
ton. About two-thirds of the
80 naturally occurring elements
have two or more forms. All
elements can be given addi-
tional isotopes by artificial