davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-09-18
Protestonts Disagree

The Severest condemnation of
Dr. Peale and the conference came
from other Protestant sources. The
Rev. DR.. Reinhold Niebuhr and
the Rev. DR.. John c. Bennett of
Union Theological Seminary, both
members of the pro-Kennedy lib
eral party, accused DR.. Peale of
having "loosed the fioodgateS of
bigotry clothed In the respectable
ity of apparently rational argu-
ment."
After declaring that it is i'm
perative that voters realize that
those who raise the religious issue
do not speak for American Protes-
tantism as a whole, the Neibuhr-
Bennett statement said:
1T is noticeable that most Of
the people in the forefront Of the
attacks on Roman Catholicism as
an influence on the presidency
are social conservatives who gen.
orally oppose liberal policies and
candidates"
The Christian Century. a Prot
estant weekly. also jumped on DR..
Peale. editorially speaking. Call
ing the Washington conference
statement irresponsible" and a
"disservice to American Protes-
tantism," the publication declared
that it encouraged Southerners
Ito mount an attack on the Cath
olic Church" by providing them
with a cover for their anti-civil
rights feelings.
Evening star., 1960-09-18
Chaos in Congo

In the Congo itself, the situation
was if possible more chaotic than
ever. President Joseph Kasavubu
tried hard, from the seclusion of
his U. N.-guarded residence, to en-
force his decision firing Premier
Lumumba. On Wednesday the
commander of the Congolese
Army, Col. Joseph Mobuto, sud-
denly announced at a hastily
summoned press conference that
the army was seizing power and
would exercise it until the Lu-
mumba- -KaSavubu feud had been
settled. This is not, repeat not, a
COUP" Col. Mebuto told the Congo
in radio address.
Mr.. Lumumba then moved
swiftly to rally soldiers in Leo
poldville loyal to his regime. For
few hours it appeared he had once
again succeeded, and Col. Mobuto
was actually arrested and detained
for some hours.
But then, in beWildering series
OF almost incredible developments,
Mr.. Lumumba lost his ADVANTAGES.
Troops released the arrested Col.
Mobuto. At Camp Leopold, head
quarters of the Congolese army,
MI. Lumumba narrowly escaped
death at the hands of Baluba
tribesmen in the army who at
tackled him as he was trying to
muster military support for his
fight to retain power. The fright
ened Premier fled to the protec-
ton of U. N. forces, ironically
the very forces he has so long de-
manded must leave the Congo.
Evening star., 1960-09-18
NeutroIist Motions

But even though the new mem
ber nations are "neutralist" rather
than committed to the Commu-
mist bloc, Mr.. Khrushchev is be-
lieved to feel that their presence
In the U. N. will serve inevitably
to weaken the domination Of the
international organization by
members Of the Western bloc. Al
though the West will continue to
dominate the powerful Security
Council for the forseeable future,
the General Assembly itself can
act, in accordance with the U. N.
Charter, on substantive matters.
Thus the Soviet Premier be-
lieveS the time ripe for making a
major move on the international
stage. While it is almost entirely
unlikely that he will accomplish
any significant success in the
field Of disarmament or on other
outstanding issues Of the cold war,
he can and probably will establish
Soviet policy before the u. N. in
Evening star., 1960-09-18
Campaign:
Nixon Theme

The campaign hvened up last
week as the presidential can
didates swept across the cOun-
try on speech-making forays.
Vice President Nixon, his in
fected knee pronounced fit, but
still causing him a slight limp,
set out on Monday to catch up
with his hurricane-pace opponent,
Senator Kennedy.
He could not have had a more
impressive send-off, with PreSi-
dent Eisenhower and his running
mate, Henry Cabot Lodge, leading
a crowd Of Republican party
workers and friends in the cheers
and good wishes.
Mr.. Nixon quickly made plain
what the theme Of his campaign
is likely to be. He stressed that
the foreign policy issue is the
most important and repeatedly
reminded his audiences that the
voters must decide which of the
candidates is best qualified to
Continued on Page CA
Evening star., 1960-09-18
Custro's Cuba:
Bank Seizures

Fidel Castro's armed militia
Friday night took over three
American-owned banks as the
seizure program continued. The
government charged an Amer
lean "spy" plot and ordered
four United States Embassy
stafferS to leave.
Fidel Castro, due in New York
tomorrow for the General Assem-
bly, sessions, will give New York
police and United States security
officials bigger headache than
will Premier Khrushchev.
Back in his capital of Havana,
the bearded Premier went on
handing out headaches to Ameri-
can businessmen and diplomats.
intervention" a Castro word
m aiming appropriation, was
ordered against all branches of
the American-owned First Ma
Continued on Page ca
Evening star., 1960-09-18

the portents Of the times. the. col
lapse Of the summit conference
last June, and the dismaying stiff
fening Of the icicleS of the cold
war. And it lies even more in the
fact that the world today is al
ready across the threshold Of a
new era-the era of independence
and national sovereignty Of an al
most bewildering roster of new
nations which only days, weeks. or
months ago were colonial depend
encieS Of European powers.
In the opinion Of many able
diplomats, Mr.. Khrushchev has
determined to recover as much as
possible his program for an East
West detente and q long period
Of peaceful co-existence" which
he was forced. in this view, to jet
tison after the incident of the U-2
United States espionage plane last
May.
And he has chosen this time,
and this international forum, it
is being said, because the addi-
ton Of so many new nations to the
membership roster of the United
Nations automatically strengthens
his hand and the power position
Of the socialist camp" in world
affairs.
The applicants for membership
in the international organization
are impressive in their devotion to
"neutralism." None Of them are
expected to be allied with either
Of the major power blocs Of the
cold war-which fact Is cited as a
major reason for the attendance
at the Assembly Of President Tito
Of Yugoslavia and the probable at
tendance Of Prime Minister Nehru.
Evening star., 1960-09-18
Lumumbo Rumors

Last night the Premier's where
abouts were unknown. He report
edly fled the protection of the
Ghana contingent of the U. N.
force and tried to make his way
to Stanleyville, where he COM
mands heavy support. There were
immediate rumors that he was
shot and killed as he attempted
to pass Congolese army road
blocks outside the capital. And
there were a thousand other
rumors as to his fate.
Meanwhile the Mobuto mill
tary control was strengthened by
the actions of President Kasa-
vubu. When Col. Mobuto on Fri
day ordered Soviet and Czech Dip
lomats and all Communist per-
Sonnel to leave Leopoldville i'm
mediately, President Kasavubu
made the order official" The
Communists departed promptly,
reflecting the swift reversal of the
tangled political situation.
Guarded by U. N. and Congo
lese troops. the Russians and
CzechS moved out of their en-
bassies in trucks, cars and buses
and went to the airport to board
Ilyushin airplanes which the So
Wet Union had sent to the Congo
to assist Mr.. Lumumba. The sleek
transports began loading and
taking off for Accra and Cairo
enroute to Moscow. Soviet Am
baSSador to the Congo Mikhail
Yakovlev repeatedly guaranteed
prior to his take-off that the
missing Mr.. Lumumba was not
being taken along with the de-
parting Communist staffS.
Evening star., 1960-09-18
Others Get In

The battle was not only be-
tween churchmen. 1t was picked
UP by opposing politicos. Sena-
tor Jackson Of Washington, the
Democratic national chairman,
called on the press, radio and tele-
vision to investigate the true
financing and true source Of the
large volume Of anti Catholic ma
terial now passing through the
United States mails"
He did not accuse Mr.. Nixon or
the G. o. p, but said the cam
paign appeared to be organized
because Cd the hate literature
was turning up in each of the
SO States and 90 there has been
a heavy scheduling of evangelistic
talks on why the country should
not elect Catholic President.
Former President Truman was,
as might have been expected, a
good deal blunter. "In my home
town Independence, Mo-, the
Republicans are sending out all
the dirty pamphlets they can find
on religion" he asserted. The
Republicans promptly denied the
charge.
Senator Morton Of Kentucky, G..
o. P. national chairman, turned
around on Thursday and accused
Mr.. Truman and Senator Jackson
Of keeping "the religious issue in
famed" for the purpose of ex-
plotting it for Mr.. Kennedy'S ad-
vantage. Mr.. Morton frankly
said he feared that If the pub
lie believed the Republicans were
promoting the religious issue
flames Mr.. Nixon might suffer at
the polls. (For debate on church.
state issues, see page C-3D
Evening star., 1960-09-18
Eisenhower Plans

President Eisenhower plans to
address the General Assembly on
Thursday. and, the White House
said. will have specific proposals
to make to the United Nations
delegates at that time. Since Mr..
Khrushchev is not scheduled to
address the Assembly before
Thursday Che Is on hand officially
as head Of the Soviet delegation
and therefore must take his
proper turn at the rostrum) Mr..
Eisenhower will apparently be
able to state his case In advance
Of the Soviet gambit.
Although no details Of the
Presidents proposals were being
divulged at the White House last
week. it is generally expected that
he will issue q challenge to Mos
COW to do something" rather
than continue to talk about dis
armament, that he will insist that
the U. N. must be the final arbiter
in the confusion prevailing in the
Congo, and that he will suggest
again that the American and
Soviet output Of fashionable ma
terial, such as uranium and plu-
tonium, be either halted or ear
marked for peaceful purposes.
There was nothing new in these
forecasts. but many observers
were predicting that Mr.. Khrush-
chev would find ample oppor-
tunity to get in q few weighty
licks in advance of the EiSen-
hover address. The best and most
likely occasion, it appears. will be
either on the first or the second
day Of the Assembly session, when
the regular agenda provides that
the matter of admission Of new
nations be considered.
Mr.. KhruShchev, as head Of the
Soviet delegation, will be free to
argue the case for the admission
of Communist China, certain to be
Evening star., 1960-09-18

When the General Assembly
Is called TO order Tuesday,
there will be present in the
great hall an impressive roster
of the worlds most important
statesmen.
Each year since 1945, the worlds
only organized effort for interna-
tional comfy and order has been
an impressive occasion when the
delegations of more than 80 ma
tionS have gathered for the annual
session Of the General Assembly
Of the United Nations.
No one present at this routine"
opening session has ever failed to
be intrigued by the multilingual,
cosmopolitan and universal char
acter Of this international parlia-
ment Of mankind. Even the
dread shadow of the hydrogen
bomb and the ever-present reality
of power struggle between two
blocs armed to the very teeth with
nuclear weapons capable of abb
solute destruction, fade into the
realm Of science fiction in the
reasSuring atmosphere Of the
congregation of nations. The
sweepingly spacious chamber is
designed for global endeavour
which is at once a testimony to
mans realization of his respon-
SibilitieS and q continuing reve-
lation Of his apparently in
surmountable kinship to his
Neanderthal ancestors.
When the gavel Of the 1859
President of the General Assem-
bly,, DR.. Victor Andres Belaunde
Of Peru, opens the 1860 session at
O'Clock Tuesday afternoon, there
will be present in the great amphi-
theater the most impressive ag-
gregation Of world statesmen that
has ever been seen in q single
room since the Congress Of Vienna
in 1918.
In any normal year. the For
eign Ministers Of the member ma
tionS are in attendance, as heads
Of their delegations, at the OPEN
ing sessions Of the Assembly. Aft
er few days. depending on the
business at hand. these gentlemen
return to their capitals, leaving
their delegations under the lead
ership Of their permanent repre-
sentativeS (ambaSsadorsD at the
u. N.
Evening star., 1960-09-18
Favorable Impression

Facing many hostile, and some
times tricky, questions, Mr.. Ken
nedy replied calmly and forth
rightly, underscoring a pledge that
he would not be influenced by the
church in deciding policies of
state. Although it is unlikely that
he persuaded many, If any, of the
ministers, he made a favorable
impression in the State, according
to most observers.
One of the most impressive
arguments the Senator put forth
against making a test of his Ca
tholicisrn was that to do so was to
say. in effect, that no one of the
Nations 40 million Catholics is
eligible for the Office of President,
a direct violation of the Constitu-
tion.
The man who touched of the
loudest chapter in the religious
issue story was full of regret last
week. The Rev. DR.. Norman Vim
cent Peale, Methodist minister,
author and Syndicated columniSt,
earlier this month had been the
spokesman for a group of $50
clergymen and laymen represent
ing 81 Protestant sects who met
here as the National Conference
Of Citizens for Religious Freedom.
The conference, in a statement,
questioned a Catholic Presidents
ability to maintain separation of
church and state. It caused a
swirling controversy which has not
subsidized. A couple days later, DR..
Peale, who had earlier announced
he was backing Vice President
Nixon's candidacy, said he had
concluded that. the injection Of
the religious issue could only
harm the Nation.
On Thursday, DR.. Peale took an
Evening star., 1960-09-18

such a way as to make q uni
versal appeal to the uncommitted
nations that now make up the real
balance power in the world
forum.
Additionally. the Soviet leader
is said to believe that now is the
time to demonstrate to the world
what he assesses as q major shift
in the balance of power between
East and West. In many COM
ments, conversations and remarks,
Mr.. KhruShchev has made 1t clear
that his confidence in his Soviet
Union and in the socialist camp"
has grown to the point where he
feels able to challenge the West
at any point along the long line Of
divergence.
Evening star., 1960-09-18
Brighter Note

From the Soviet liner Baltika
in mid-Atlantic, there came on
Friday a few words of reaSsur-
ance. Mr.. Khrushchey, replying TO
an invitation from the Harvard
Law School, regretted that United
States orders restricting him to
Manhattan during his U. N. stay
would prevent his accepting the
bid from the Forum of the law
school for lecture. But the Soviet
Premier said in his radioed mes
sage that he believed better times
will come in the relations between
our countries, the sun will rise at
last, the dark clouds will scatter.
and all people will realize the need
for friendship and international
cooperation"
The message was given top play
on Radio Moscow's international
service, and was put on the world
wires by Tass, the official Soviet
news agency. And in a note to the
State Department. the Soviet
Union called "for the subordina-
ton of personal i'll feeling" in the
interest Of better international re-
lationS. Persistent but uncon-
firmed reports, called "specu-
lative" by the White House, said
Mr.. Khrushchev had been quietly
intimating, through Soviet diplo-
matte channels. that he would
welcome an opportunity to meet
with President Eisenhower and
presumably bury the hatchet" in
the personal feud existing between
the two men since the affair of
the U-2 last May.
In London. the word from No.
10 Downing Street was that Prime
Minister Macmillan would fly to
New York Immediately If there
was any prospect Of serious talks
between Mr.. KhruShchev and Mr..
Eisenhower.
Evening star., 1960-09-18
THE NATIONAL SCENE
The UnWonted Issue
OfChurch and State

other. bigger step to disassociate
himself from the issue. He an
nounced that he had severed all
relations with the conference, can
celed series of speaking engage
mentS and even offered to resign
his pastorship Of the Marble Col
legiate Church in New York.
He asserted he did not call the
Washington meeting and did not
take part in drafting its state
ment of conclusions. adding:
Il was not duped, I was Just
stupid a babe in the woods"
Evening star., 1960-09-18

The divisive religious issue
continued to dominate the
presidential campaign last week
despite prOtestations from both
the Democratic and Republic
can leaders that it should not
be = consideration for the
voter.
Neither candidate was happy
about the issue which, although
out in the open, was much like an
iceberg. with the far greater part
of it hidden below the surface.
Both Senator Kennedy. the
Democrat, and Vice President
Nixon. the Republican, are de-
tenders of the CONSTITUTIONAL of
it. including Article VI which
states that mans religion shall
be no test Of his qualification to
hold Federal office.
Coming more and more to the
fore last week was the candidates
hope that the campaign can be
fought on the real issues facing the
United States in the mid-20th
century.
No one can Judge confidently
how the religious issue will affect
either candidate, on a Nation-wi
basis. 1t could win or lose the
election for either Of them.
Already some outlines Of the
possible effect Of Mr.. Kennedy's
Roman Catholic religion on the
campaign were becoming clear.
If the Massachusetts, Senator were
Q Protestant. the defectionS in the
South. where conservative Protes-
tantiSm is powerful, would prob
ably be minimal. But he isn't and
he is likely to be hurt far more
at the polls there because of it.
Evening star., 1960-09-18

brought up again as it is every
year. In the arguing, the Soviet
Premier will have all the leeway
in the world to make a full-scale
speech on world affairs.
Evening star., 1960-09-18
Reactions Vary

In the North, however. a re-
verse reaction looms. For one
thing, Northern Protestants are
generally more liberal minded.
For another, there are many Cath
olic Republicans who are likely to
vote for Mr.. Kennedy If the re-
ligious issue gets any bitterer.
While one poll said most Catholics
vote Democratic - three out of
four in the 1858 congressional
elections considerable number
of persons Of that faith have been
shifting to the G. o. P. ranks in
recent years.
In addition, and this could be
the most important gain for Mr..
Kennedy, it was reported last
week that Jewish groups, hereto
fore. lukewarm to his candidacy,
in big and pivotal New York State
were rallying behind the Senator
in q direct ratio to the religious
issue attacks upon him. hide
pendentS may do the same thing.
Kennedy gains among another
large minority group, the Negroes,
also is likely.
After Mr.. Nixon said last Sun
day that he would like to cut of
discussion of the issue at once, Mr..
Kennedy outlined his religious be-
liefs, including his devotion to the
idea Of separation Of church and
state, to meeting Of 800 or more
Protestant ministers in Houston,
Tex. Afterward he answered
questions in a free-for-an session.
Evening star., 1960-09-18
Deeper Interest

Why the interest Of these heads
of-state in the 1860 session Of
the General Assembly?
E The answer lies somewhere in
Evening star., 1960-09-18

the delegations felt it necessary
to get their governments position
on the record.
Evening star., 1960-09-18
THE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
New Soviet Policy Appeal

When the General Assembly
Is called 10 order Tuesday,
there will be present in the
great hall an impressive roster
Of the worlds most important
statesmen.
Evening star., 1960-06-05
Sneak Thief of Sight
By BETTY ROSS
Contributing Writer

AT FIRST glance, John and Laurel
IA Aird of Adelphi, Md, appear
to be typical young suburbanites.
They have three healthy, happy
youngsters Steven, 8; Kristen, 5, and
Bruce, 10 months. The Airds are both
active in their Citizens Council, PTA
and monthly book discussion group.
Nothing unusual in all that. But one
thing sets the Airds apart from their
neighbors -glaucoma.
This eye disease has tendency to
run in families, and five of LaurePs
relatives-her mother, an uncle and
three aunts SHAVE it.
Glaucoma is called the sneak
thief of sight because it usually
strikes without warning. Two in 100
people over 40 have it many of them
completely unaware of its existence.
And anyone with family history of
glaucoma is five or six times more
likely to develop it than the average
person.
In glaucoma, increased pressure
or tension within the eye gradually
destroys sight When diagnosed early,
glaucoma can be arrested. When dis
covered too late, however, it leads to
blindness. In fact, glaucoma causes IS
per cent of all blindness. And most of
it could be prevented by early detec-
tion and faithful treatment
Evening star., 1960-06-05

After Laurel Ards mother de-
veloped glaucoma year ago, Laurel
had her first eye tension test at the
Prevention of Blindness Society Of
flee. She was tested again last October
and, so far, her eye tension remains
normal. Because of the family history,
however, Laurel and the children,
too, when they are older must have
simple eye tension test each year. If
glaucoma should ever develop, these
annual check-ups will find it early
enough so that there will be no loss of
vision.
How does Laurel Aird feel about
glaucoma in her family?
1T doesn't throw me in the sense
of feeling that all is lost" she says.
Il know that thereis no pill of preven-
tion we can take. All we can do is be
aware of the possibility that some day
the children or l might develop it. Of
course, we hope we will never get it.
Maybe some day scientists will find
the cause of glaucoma and cure for
it. In the meantime, the best in
surance we have is an annual eye
examination
Laurel has 2OI2O vision without
glasses and has never had eye trouble.
She would naturally dread any loss of
vision However, she says, I've seen
from my mothers experience that
Evening star., 1960-03-02

Wagon TranThe Tom Tuckett Story" True to the rad-
tion Of this years Western epcs tonighs episode is
Swiped from classc-the plot characters and flavor of
the dialogue taken from Great Expectations The
locale has been changed and Pip is Tuck It's an
interesting curio, but that's about all. 1880 pm WRC4
Ozze and HarreAn Interesting Evening Ozzie is at his
bumblng best in this thin little episode New neghbors
invite the Nelson's over evening and turn out to be
acinang OZzie is at loss how to entertain them on
return visit His solution happens to be shaggy dog
trick the viewers but it is amusing Jackie Coogan
incidentally, is the male half of the new neighbors.
$3.50 pmr WMAL--7.
Perry COmOPerry has load of stylish performers on his
show tonight and makes good of their talents He's
got Carol Lawrence for and dance to A Need Is
Boy; Robert Morse for love call from his Broadway
hit, Take Me Along; Nancy Walker to join him for
wacky husband-wife skit, and Theodore Bkel
hghtful duet to ancient of song, Molly
Malone Color. pm, WRC-4
Circle TheatreRaid in Beatnik Village" According this
dramatized documentary, the detectives New York
CltyS narcotics squad have for 1--WE we'll
for crime This tale of reSourcefu group poetry
spoutng, bongo o-drummng detectives masquerading
beatnikS in Greenwich Village dives gives convincing
and understanding picture of nnocentS and drug addc
beset by narcotics pedderS and their stooges and
ners. 10 pm, WTOP-9.
This Is Your Le-Ralph Edwards subject for tonight is
tremendously successful figure down Hollywood way.
10 pm, WRC-
Wichita TOwn-"The Fronersman fascinating Western
travelling teacher arrives in Wichita and demands a
position The town council imposes severe test of his
qualifications He has three days which to teach an
terate outlaw to read and to straghten out the towns
meSsed-up finances. In sense this drama much
of the ground attempted The Secret of Free
dom" Specal-but in a better and more entertaining
fashion. Gene Evans is wonderful the teacher NBC
has good to be proud of this series. 1890 pm
WRC-.