davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-08-05
BuIwork of Freedom

Some nations would like to
maintain a neutral position
in the theological struggle
between Russia and the
West. They say "All we ask
is to be left in peace" Un-
fortunately it takes two to
keep the peace as we'll as it
takes two to make war.
If the United States ever
went down in defeat before
communism, the cause of
human liberty would be set
back a thousand years and
the small, would-be neutral,
nations would find them
selves reporting to Moscow
for orders.
Every consideration of self
interest dictates that every
nation valuing its freedom
should back the United
States intellectually.
F, G, Campbell.
Evening star., 1960-08-05
The Vanishing Redheod

Once rivaling the mallard and the
canvasback in numbers and in popular
ity among duck hunters, the flashy and
graceful redhead has become very scarce
in recent years. 1t Is good news to wild
life enthusiasts, therefore, that govern
mental conservationiSts are making spe-
cial efforts to restock the Atlantic fly
ways with those colorful-and tasty
game birds.
Only few years ago it was esti-
mated that more than 100000 redheads
made their regular migrations between
Canada and the South, pausing at IA
vor1te feeding places along the Atlantic
Coast and in Chesapeake Bay Now the
redhead population Is believed to have
dropped to between 10000 and 10000.
The decline Of the redhead is attributed
to U unusually bad drought conditions
for several years in its Canadian nest
ing places, chiefly the provinces of Sas-
katchewan and Manitoba and (2) drain
ing OF Canadian marshes to make way
for expanded farming operations. The
mother redhead needs plenty of water
for her floating nest
The plight of the redhead has led
the New York State Conservation De-
partment to undertake special breed
ing project at the Jamaica Bay Wildlife
Refuge. Waterfowl biologists recently
have Matched and turned loose four
dozen month-old redheads-too young
to fly. 1t is the hope of the duck experts
that the ducklings, having learned to fly
az the refuge, will return there from
their eventual migrations southwark.
More young birds will be released, with
view to establishing regular breeding
ground at Jamaica Bay. Duck hunters
all along the Eastern Seaboard will
watch the redhead experiment with in
tereSt-and hope.
Evening star., 1960-08-05
Illustration on Wheels

Northwest motorists who fear that
construction Of the Washington Circle
underpass will make driving conditions
miserable in that area for the next two
years or so are quite right. And If it is
any consolation they will not be alone,
for the Washington Circle job merely
happens to be one of the first of series
of projects scheduled for the next sew
eral years which are going to create
traffic Illustration unlike anything the
District has seen. Congestion equally as
bad-and possibly worse-already exists
at the site of the South Capitol and M
streets underpass, and the rush-hour
means and groans emanating from that
section of the city soon will be heard to
the Northwest
Taking the logical approach, high
way officials make two points: Q) The
longer we wait, the worse the incon-
venience at such points will be, and (2)
the improvements, when they are all
completed, will be worth the suffering.
These musings, of course, offer little
Solace to motorists, especially on hot
summer afternoons. And as they sit,
motors idling, we hope their thoughts
turn frequently to the benefits of an
effective rail rapid transit system of the
type soon to be planned by the new
National Capital Transportation Agency.
But for a time, at least, transit
construction probably will bring the
mightiest traffic upheaval of all. The
city of Milan, where Italy's first subway
system is being built, is case in point.
The $120 million subway construction
has closed Milan's central thoroughfares
entirely, the New York Times reports,
and traffic generally is "a study in frus-
tration on wheels" With it all, however,
the imprecations of the Milanese have
strong accents of civic pride" that their
city finally is making direct attack on
transportation Ills. If Washington is to
do the same-and 1t must-it also will
have to live through this era of frus-
tration.
Evening star., 1960-08-05

park lands along Rock Creek, Cabin John
Greek, the Northwest Branch and other
streams. The Budget Bureau approved
the item, but Congress, indicating lag
ging interest in the Capper- -Cramton
program, eliminated the sum from the
Interior appropriation. We hope the next
Congress will show revived interest in
the program and will provide the funds
necessary to preserve some Of the few
remaining sylvan retreats in this rapidly
urbanizing Metropolitan Area.
Evening star., 1960-08-05
u. S. Stand on Conoo

AS an American citizen Of
the white race, ! am greatly
disturbed over the action the
United States recently took
in the United Nations Secur-
ity Council in joining with
the Soviet Union to support
the Tunisian Resolution call
ing for Belgian troop removal
from the Congo even before
Belgians being held hostage
were released and while the
killing Of white men and the
violating of white women was
still going on.
I am opposed to the United
States giving aid or comfort
in any form to countries of
Africa where atrocities upon
white persons. merely be-
cause Of the color of their
skin, are countenanced and
where the perpetrators of
these atrocities are allowed to
go unpunished. I have so
advised my Representative in
Congress and the two Sen
ators from my State.
Harvey H. Hewitt.
Evening star., 1960-08-05
Montgomery Protests

I hope more good comes of
the demonstrations in Mont
gomery County than the
integration of one theatre,
one restaurant and a tawdry
amusement park. All humil-
iation Of the Negro should be
ended there Immediately and
perpetually by law. The
argument that a private
businessman has a right to
do as he wants Is pertinent
only in the absence of a pub
lie need to limit that right.
The genius Of our country
has been its free entry and
unrestricted competition: We
must outlaw barriers which
deny us the contributions the
Negro will make if admitted
to our common life.
A change in practice will
not be enough. The hearts
of men change faster than
their laws" The case is not
closed till the laws of Mont
gomery County are perma-
nently committed against
segregation. When these laws
are passed much credit will
be due to those who have
advertised the situation by
their enthusiastic demon
strationS.
But I must criticize a
phase Of their program l feel
is unnecessary. irresponsible
and detrimental to their high
purpose. I refer to their
trespassing on private prop
erty in open invitation of ar
rest.
1t is unnecessary because
peaceful picketing is not
against the law. The arrests
do not occur until the demon
strators leave the picket line
and declare they will obstruct
business. They are arrested
under a law - unlike Vir-
ginia's-clearly irrelevant to
segregation. There is no legal
test involved here: Pleas are
entered as afterthoushts, no
one would bring a picket with
him if he wanted to set up a
test case. Nor is the trespass-
ing done spontaneously in a
situation which has gotten
out of hand. It is a deliberate
criminal act and is quite
antagonistic to the legal
picketing. Gaillard Hunt
Evening star., 1960-08-05
Muneuver Incident

Your July Z0 article con-
corning the National Guard
at Indiantown Gap Military
Reservation was a great dis
appointment to the dedicated
men and officers Of this Or
ganiZation. 1t was derisive in
tone and demoralizing in ef-
feet.
There are 100000 men and
officers, all volunteers, in the
National Guard Of the United
States and they devote a great
many hours. paid and un-
paid, to training in and
study of military skills. Here
in the District of Columbia
National Guard we have
worked long and hard to
teach and train our men. Our
annual field training period
is the elimination of a year
of hard work. At this field
training period 88 hours Of
regularly scheduled training
has been devoted to perfect
ing the military techniques
we have labored so long to
learn. To have these efforts
belittled in a great news
paper such as yours is some
thing not easily explained.
Nor is it reconcilable with the
fine inspection ratings we re-
ceived during this period.
Regular officers of the
Army monitor and score our
every action from concept,
through planning, and final
ly execution. While at IGMR
the 140th Engineer Battalion
(Combat), the 107th Engi-
neer Panel Bridge Company,
and the 114th Engineer Panel
Bridge Company amassed a
total of 134 Superior" and
290 Excellent" ratings from
the Regular Army Inspection
Team. This is a record of
which we are proud and one
that is only earned through
hard work and efficiency.
Robert E. Killing, Jr.
Lieutenant Colonel, CE,
DCARNG, Commanding.
Editors Note: The Star
doubts that Col. Kings fine
troops were demoralized by
its story, which reported ac-
curately that a telescoping
bridge and an assault craft
got stuck in the course of an
exercise otherwise noted for
"clocklike efficiency.")
Evening star., 1960-08-05
.VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Bright Future Seen for Brass Brains
BY THOMAS r. HENRY

in one language and have it
retyped in another at sight.
Machines, he said, already
produce passable transla-
tions.
Scientific papers, he said.
can be translated in a form
which is at least ineligible
to experts in that particular
field.
A machine brain that can
add or subtract 229, 900 ten
digit numbers a second now
is at work at the National
Aeronautics and Space Ad-
ministration Center at Hunts
vile, Ala.
In the same time 1t can
make $4,000 multiplications
or 32,700 divisions.
1t can recall" from its
magnetic memory a l0-digit
number in slightly more than
two-millionths of a second.
This new computer. devel-
oped by international Bus
iness Machines Corporation,
is expected to save millions
Of dollars and many thou
sands Of hours in the Govern
ment's program for conquer
ing space. 1t can take into
consideration such factors as
the density and temperatures
of space beyond the earth's
atmosphere. 1t never makes
a mistake in arithmetic.
This super-brain was
developed especially for the
present so-cal!ed Saturn
project to lift multi-ton loads
in flights around the moon
and into the deep space
beyond. This apparatus
probably will be ready for
launching sometime next
year.
There are hundreds of
factors which might affect
such a flight to be considered
and literally thousands Of
chances for human error. A
very slight error. according
to an administration an
nouncement. might very we'll
mean the difference between
. success and complete disaster.
Test Flights Costly
There cannot be many
test flights. They would be
far too expensive. Still
Saturn's 1,5O0.000-pound-
thrust booster will be flown"
thousands OF times, IN the
machine calculations. 1t will
be possible in this way to
detect in a few minutes how
slight design notifications
might affect actual perform
ance in space.
The computer, Of course,
can do nothing but what
some human mind has put
into it. 1t can, however, carry
: out calculations thousands
Of times faster and take into
consideration many more
variables simultaneously than
would be possible for a man.
Evening star., 1960-08-05
Matter of Morals

Some people believe that
the best speech of the two
conventions was made by ex-
President Herbert Hoover.
Among other things he men,
toned a moral slump" in
the United States and longed
for the return of an Ameri-
canisrh devoid of foreign
infections" David Lawrence,
in "a First Hand Look At
America, denies that we are
in the midst of moral decay"
or that our "affluent" society
has softened the moral fiber
OF the nation. I never
thought I would agree with
the man from Palo Alto
about many things but I most
certainly do agree with his
convention speech.
I remember disagreeing
with David Lawrence when
he said that the church
should not concern itself with
economic and political and
social matters; that these
areas were concerns of the
state only. Perhaps we are in
a moral slump because there
are too many like believers.
The church does have the
duty to point out the moral
aspects involved in all these
fields. Is the moral slump"
here because the church did
not concern itself enough in
these matters? Incidentally,
along these lines I prefer to
harken to those who are
qualified to speak with au-
thority on moral matters.
Matthew A, McKayit
Evening star., 1960-08-05
Prosperity in Spoin'

In Sheilah Graham's art
icle entitled Prosperity in
Spain" she clearly insults
the intelligence of the peo-
pie of Spain when she states
that upon seeing Jeffery
Hunter portray Christ deliv-
ering the Sermon on the
Mount in the Forthcoming
film King of Kings" the
1000 Spanish extras dropped
to their knees, made the
Sign Of the Cross, and had
to be convinced that such an
appearance would be his
torically impossible. AS one
who was present at the time
of this filming lover a month
ago., I know this statement
to be a complete and utter
fabrication. Everyone there
knew they were just making
a movie; there was no one on
his knees or crossing himself,
must less having to be con-
vinced that it was not the
real thing.
Miss Graham also states
that the people came to
work on burros and that be-
fore the film is finished
they'll be able to come in
automobiles and ergo Amer
ican productions bring pros
perity to Spain. This is utter
ly ridiculous. No one came
on burros-they were all
hauled in on a caravan of
buses the studio had leased.
Insofar as these people be-
ing able to come in automo-
biles by the time the film
is finished, 1 seriously doubt
that any of the 1000 extras,
who-though heavily robed
worked in the hot Spanish
sun from s in the morning
until 6 at night for one whole
week at the very most, and
who were paid the beneficent
sum of 200 pesetas ($3.33)
per day, will be in a position
OF even dreaming of making
a down payment on an au-
tomobile-even at Spain's
remarkably low prices.
I don't know where these
movie writer's dream up all
of this baloney, but I wish
that when they did they
would be careful not to in
suit the intelligence of the
people of a friendly nation
nor overestimate what our
wonderful moviemakers are
doing for them.
We wonder why the people
OF some nations resent Amer
leans. Maybe this is one of
the reasons why.
George v. Egge, Jr,
Evening star., 1960-08-05

Inc miracle OF the "braSs
brain" seems now to be grow
ing by leaps-at least in the
predictions Of experts.
Electronic machines which
even will be able to simulate
human emotions are pre-
dicted. for example, by none
less than DR.. Edward Teller
of the University Of Califor-
mia, one of the inventors of
the atomic bomb. They are
close to the point, DR.. Teller
told a recent United Nations
Cultural Organization meet
ing in Paris, where they not
only can count and memorize
but could become teachable,
acquire experience, form
judgments and take the
initiative in all sorts of prof.
ectS.
II believe" he said, that
the machine can be given the
power to make value judg-
ments as well as logical
reasoning and that I can
construct, mathematically, a
model for machine emotion.
When you come down to it,
what is the difference be-
tween machine thinking and
our owne thinking? We can
not draw the line. Any human
process which is logical can
be copied by the machine"
Will MemOrize Everything
Other experts attending
the conference foresaw, ac-
cording to a UNESCO re-
port, within a matter of
years electronic devices which
will memorize all the knowl-
edge in the world, all the
recorded facts of the Oc-
cident and Orient, past and
present.
To-day the equivalent of
the human memory could be
embodied on a piece of glass
flve inches by six, the size
OF a Photographic plate. The
electric circuits would be
stenciled on the glass by
putting a diagramatic mask
over it and depositing a, fine
fllm Of metal. The film would
serve as a pattern of electric
wires. This spiderweb cir
cult can be frozen at about
270 c. below zero, the tenn
perature at which liquid he
lium which is used as the
refrigerant liQuifies. At that
temperature certain metals
become super = conductors.
Electric currents flow indef-
initely without any loss. Thus
facts are literally kept in
deepfreeze."
Machine translation still is
in its infancy. DR.. Edward w.
Cannon Of the United States
Bureau Of Standards told the
conference, but offers posi-
bilitieS as great as its attain
ments in the field of calcu-
lation. The objective, he ex-
planned, is to present a text
Evening star., 1960-08-05

hemmed in by asphalt and
concrete" he explaine e d.
Then, too, the incesSant gas
fumes from automobiles must
have a bad effect on them" !"
Trees in the suburban
areas, he continued. did not
look as lifeleSs. The color of
their leaves was very much
better, and no wonder.
When he got home that
evening he looked around
him.
The truth was that the sub
urban trees were suffering
from the heat. too.
They did not look quite as
impressive as he had remem-
bered them when he was
talking to the visitor.
- >
A month of practical
drought will do a great deal
of harm, even to such great
specimens as trees.
Their roots run deep, but
evidently not as low as the
so-called water table" sinks.
A month of practically dry
weather, with only slight
rains, scarcely more than
sprinkles, will give a certain
lack of luster to the leaves
of trees and practically all
shrubs.
Evergreens, too, are real
sufferers in very prolonged
dry weather.
One is so used to seeing
them, however, that ordi-
narily their excessive dry
ness is not noticed.
The use of the garden hose
is still the best practical
remedy.
Just what good sprinkling
does trees is somewhat of a
question.
Still it must be felt that
watering of lawns adjacent
to trees must do the latter
some good.
Just how much, no one
knows.
1t is impossible to tell since
trees are slow to respond to
either good or bad treatment.
This, too, is fortunate.
If plenty of water is put on
the grass and in flower bor-
ders, some of it will trickle
down to the tree roots, we
may believe.
In this way these grand
horticultural specimens re-
ceive some help in dry
weather, although not as
much as they might desire.
When experts fertilize trees
they bore holes in the earth
with a crowbar about l8
inches to 2 feet apart and
some 2 feet deep. These they
Evening star., 1960-08-05
Answers to Questions
By THE HASKINS SERVICE

@. How big were the am
phibian tanks used by the
Army in World War II? S. T.
A. The tanks were 26 feet.
inch long and 10 feet, 8
inches wide When loaded,
draft was 4 feet. S inches;
when empty. 3 feet, 10 inches.
The vehicles, driven by easo-
line engines, had a 20 m.p.h.
speed on land and 6 m.p.h.
speed on water.
Evening star., 1960-08-05
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL

pack solid with fertilizer,
carefully plugging the holes
with sod.
1t may be presumed that
this would be the best way,
at least in theory, to water
a tree--but who would go to
the trouble?
In dry weather it is always
well to remind home garden
ers of the sure gains from
the proper use of the hose,
for people grow tired of
"sprinkling." The task be-
comes a bore.
Yet if all three ways of
using the garden hose are
employed the task does not
prove as tiresome as if only
one way is used, that of the
nozzle. The standard nozzle
is indispensable, but it is not
the only thing by any means.
For watering flower borders
and beds, especially in ex-
tremely hot. dry weather,
there is nothing so good as
the open hose without any
attachment.
Usually the force of the
water is cut down some at
the source, thus permitting a
steady flow, but not too hard.
In this way tremendous
amount of water is placed
just where it is needed. None
is wasted. The adjustment of
the water force may require
some experiment, but after it
is ascertained this is surely
one of the best ways of using
the hose.
A real soaking is given
the ground, perhaps as much
as the plots would receive in
a driving downpour. Since
the flow is comparatively
easy, but steady, practically
all the water sinks into the
earth, almost none of it
flowing away.
Use of the open hose is ex-
ceptionally good for ever
greens and shrubs. The for
mer often do not get as
much water as they need.
Magical effects may be Sc
cured with some evergreens
by persistent heavy water
ing. Even after they turn
brown and seem about ready
to be dug up and hauled
away they may be brought
back to life and beauty in
some cases by removing the
nozzle and permitting the
water to flow steadily at
their roots. If they are near
foundation walls care must
be taken not to soak the
ground too thoroughly, how
ever. as few walls will stand
this treatment without leak
ing. Many a wall. pride Of
the builder, succumbs to this
closeup application of water.
Evening star., 1960-08-05
Believes in Sions

1t should now be required
by law that all restaurants,
hotels and movies, which are
integrated. post signs outside
their establishments stating
that they serve colored. In
that way we who do not
want to integrate will be
guided in our freedom of
choice. NIB.
Evening star., 1960-08-05
Oversight

We wish to apologize to
the D. c. Federation of Citi-
zens Associations and the
Arthur Murray Studio for
omitting their names in our
report to the Citizens of
Washington on the D. c. K-9
Corps Fund. The Fedora
ton generously underworld
the expense for a plaque,
which was presented by Sgt.
William Wright to the Com
missioner of the London Po-
lice. as an expression of graf
itude from the Citizens of
Washington. D. c. The local
Arthur Murray Studio ar
ranged a fund-raising tea
Evening star., 1960-08-05

dance and each of its teach
ers generously contributed an
hours pay. The amount
raised was over $500.00.
Ruth Joyce Hens,
President.
Edwina Austin Avery,
Chairman, Special Safety
Committee Women's Bar
Association of the Dis
trict of Columbia.
Evening star., 1960-08-05
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDriterS' correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject to con-
denSdtion.
Evening star., 1960-08-05

1T is too bad about your
trees" said the visitor.
Washington used to have the
most beautiful trees of anv
city in the world. Now look
at them, what's left Of them"
The resident had to admit
that they looked pretty dull,
especially in the downtown
areas.
1T is the fact that they are
Mr.. TrocewelI is III and in his OBJ
senes The Stor is reprintins some
Of his columns Of other yeos. He
requests thot no telephone or
other messages be sent TO his
home during his illness. This
column from The Stor OF August
8, 1895.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-26
St. Andrew
Dedication Set

The Most Rev. Patrick A.
o'Boyle, Archbishop of Wash
ington. will dedicate the new
100000 st. Andrew the Apostle
Catholic Church at 12:45 pm
tomorrow at HAL Kemp Mill
road. Silver Spring.
Archbishop O'Boyle will also
celebrate a mass Of thanks
giving following the dedication
The Right Rev. Msgr. John
K. Cartwright. rector of st
Matthew's Cathedral, will
preach.
The pastor of st. Andrews
Parish, the Very Rev. Msgr
Joseph B. Coyne, will assist the
archbishop at the mass. Msgr
Coyne is the first pastor OF
st. Andrews Parish, which was
founded last year and now has
nearly 500 families.
The new structure has three
parts. One is the church proper
seating 600 worshipers. An.
other has four classrooms, g
health clinic. principals Office
and other educational facilities
The third section is a convent
with accommodations for nine
sisters who will staff the school
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-26
Eisenhower
ToOfficiute

President Eisenhower will lay
the cornerstone for the new
Presbyterian Home Of the Dis
trict, at Thirty-first street and
Military road NV, at noon
Wednesday.
DR.. Edward L. R. ElSon, min
lister Of National Presbyterian
Church, will give the invocation
for the ceremonies.
The president of the homes
board of trustees, A. C. Oliphant,
will place historical records in
the stone and present a silver
trowel to the President.
DR.. Donald c. Irwin, modera-
tor Of Washington City Pres
bytery, will offer the dedicatory
prayer, and DR.. George M.
Docherty, minister of New York
Avenue Presbyterian Church,
will pronounce the benediction.
Due for completion in mid
February. the new building will
replace the present home at
1918 Newton street NV. The
$944.700 structure will be three
stories in height and have &C
commodations for 80 guests.