davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-09-22
FouItfinding and Solutions

other large group, also boost
ing the Kennedy cause, wishes
to spend more money to be-
come militarily. stronger,
claiming we are weak in de-
terrent power. All these criti-
cisms are widely publicized
and are reprinted in the
Moscow press or quoted over
the Soviet radio. There's no
harm in this, either, unless
it encourages the Communist
dictators to think America is
really weak and lacks the
courage to fight. That's what
caused the Second World War
"a miScalculation as to the
f1rmness and courage of the
Allies.
But, after all, what the vot-
er wants to know now is by
what magic device America
is going to beat Khrushchev
and his gang without empha-
sizing the military sector or
actually going to war to force
the Communists out of the
areas they have invaded
from Laos to the Middle
East. and from Central Africa
to Cuba and other Latin
American countries. To
plunge the United States into
war to recover lost prestige
is unthinkable. Yet, rightly
or wrongly, the impression is
being given that some mill
tary force will be employed
to put the Communists in
their place if Senator Ken
nedy is elected.
Mr.. Eisenhower's formula
has been patience and re-
straint, and it would be easier
to make gains by that proc
ess if some political, party
spokesmen would stop giving
aid and comfort to the COM
mon enemy. They usually re-
act to such criticism by cry
ing out that their loyalty is
being impugned," or that
they're being asked to muzzle
their criticism and give up
the right to free speech. But
the unanswered question still
is: How is the lost prestige
to be regained by America
without going to war? The
party candidates should soon
begin to answer that question.
(Copyright, 1960)
Evening star., 1960-09-22

dent and that the national
emotions are centered upon
foreign affairs anyway. They
still must be concerned that
the drop in jobs and profits
tends to center on such cru
cial States as California,
Pennsylvania and Ohio.
On the Democratic side it
is by now clear that many
party leaders really did not
know much about the candi-
date they nominated at Los
Angeles. They are not mad
at him; they are confused,
and what confuses them is
his detachment, his unshak-
able poise, whether he is
confronting petulant min
listers or Nixon distortions
of his remarks.
They knew, of course, that
he had written books. What
they seem to have thought
also was that his having for
mer Mayor Honey Fitzgerald
for a grandfather automatic
ally assured them of a warm
personality, eager to do the
partisan in-f1ghting most
Democrats have SHE'D from
during the Eisenhower years.
A beginning has been made
finally by Chairman Fulbright
of the Senate Foreign Re1a-
tions Committee, who can
Evening star., 1960-09-22
Benefits to Free World of c Confederation
Of Europe Stressed by De GouIIe
CONSTANTINE BROWN

organization and make it
into one Of his most useful
tools in the relentless war he
is waging against us.
But all our political lead
ers, regardless Of party, are
convinced and continue to
tell the American people that
the only salvation and the
only chance to prevent an
other world war is through
the United Nations. In a
world which has become since
the end Of World War II far
more nationalistic than it
has been before, we continue
to persist in our information
alism; and we spare neither
effort nor diminution of our
national prestige nor unpre-
cedented expenditure of the
Nations wealth to save the
world single handed. We dis
regard the fact that regional
groups are being formed rap
idly throughout the world for
the protection of their ma
tional interests.
The most powerful, organ
lied soon after the war, is
that of international commu-
nism. 1t extends from the
doors Of the Iron Curtain in
Eastern Europe to the shores
Of the Pacific and embraces
a billion people. 1t is a ruth
less dictat torship. The
stranglehold of the dictators
over the enslaved people
could not be shaken except
by violent means.
In recent months a new
constellation appears to be or
the way in the international
skies: the consolidation of
Western Europe into a con-
federation in which the par
ticipating nations would not
lose their nationality or SOW
ereignty but would be knit
closely together in the fields
of politics, defense. economics
and culture. Its foundations
Evening star., 1960-09-22
U. S. Urged to Keep Listening WoriIy
To Reds and Not Turn Our Backs

for fools. But talk on. Well
listen
But" he said, because of
the old Mccarthy fears and
the fact this is a political
autumn, we may make the
mistake of saying we won't
listen to anything. Nikita is
confident he can come
preaching peace which, as he
said, even the most thick
Skulled can understand, and
that we will entirely rebuff
him. He wants it that way.
If we do. he will score his
propaganda victory"
There is no question but
that Nikita, as usual, presents
us with a dilemma.
The dangers of communism
are no longer merely military
power and subversion. It was
political influence which en-
abled Latin American Com
muniSts to turn Vice Presi-
dent Nixon's visit into a
gantlet of insults and dan
gers. 1t was economic and
political measures which
threw us off balance in Cuba.
The Castro revolution will
continue in Cuba only so long
as Russian oil, supplies, food
and weapons are delivered
by Communist ships.
Communism, as we have
seen in the U. N. African de-
bates, is no longer the
Evening star., 1960-09-22
Senator Kennedy's Equdnin1ity

command an audience for
what he chooses to say about
the troubled state of foreign
affairs. He summoned a press
conference to rebut the Vice
Presidents contention that
such difficulties ought to be
dropped from the public dia'
logue. Nikita Khrushchev is
attending the United Nations
General Assembly.
Senator Kennedy is en-
titled to more of this sup
port, and there are plenty of
articulate Senators on his
side identified with all the
prominent issues. Yet it is he
who must lead the charge if
it is to be successful in dissi-
pating the, reserve toward his
candidacy which politicians
freely admit now exists.
In the big cities which
dominate the big States. that
reserve is particularly hazard
Gus to the Kennedy chances.
1t was thought that he was a
city type who would auto
matically win the franchise
of city voters. This has not
proved to be so.
Meanwhile, the. South and
Midwest are being put in haz-
ard by the anti-Catholic Of
fenSive of the fundamentalist
ProtestantS. This is not dying
down; it is gaining momen-
tum. 1t is Senator Kennedy
who must find ways to make
it pay of elsewhere, if he can.
Evening star., 1960-09-22
A New Anti-Red Constellation

were laid a few years ago
when the Common Market
consisting of France, Ger
many, Italy, Holland, Belgi-
UNI and Luxembourg came
into being.
1t has been in the last two
years, because of the inflexi-
bic will and determination Of
Frances President de Gaulle,
that this purely economic
organization is being urged
to enter into a confederation
with an intergovernmental
body to regulate the actions
of all its members. The ma
tional sovereignties of all
members would remain in
tact and the intergovern-
mental body of the Europe
of Nations" would be SUBJ
ordinate to the individual
4 governments. The idea ap-
pears to be appealing to the
European people, although
there still is some reticence
on the part of Italy and Hol-
land, who fear that this may
mean the alienation of Amer
lea and its. assistance.
Gen. de GauIle is pointing
out that the existence of that
new political constellation
would work to the benefit Of
the United States. which is
becoming increasingly hard
pressed politically and eco
nomically by its Communist
enemies. Moreover, the gran
ite-like" French leader does
not preclude any other free
nation, such as Britain, the
Scandinavian countries, the
Iberians from joining such a
confederation. One of his
many arguments is that as
the United Nations is fast
losing its peace-maintaining
powers because of its increas-
ingly eclectic composition
and the maneuverings of the
Russians, it is essential that
the nearly 200 million free
Europeans band together as
an antidote to the interna-
tional Communist poison and
for self-defense.
Evening star., 1960-09-22

The meeting Of the fif-
teenth session of the United
Nations Assembly in New
York has focused the atten-
ton of the vast majority Of
the American people on that
gathering and has taken pre-
cedence over even the elec-
toral battle between our two
political parties. This is ma
tural, since for the first time
in history we have in our
midst, on American soil, the
bitterest enemies of this
country who have vowed our
destruction.
The chief protagonists,
Messrs. Khrushchev and Cas-
tro, have heaped insults of
the grossest kind on Ameri-
ca and its leaders, with par
ticular emphasis on the Pres
ident himself. The Govern
ment must not only tolerate
them, but also give them the
necessary protection to pre-
vent incidents which might
have grave international
repercusSions.
The presence here of these
avowed enemies of our Ma
ton is the price we must pay
for the wishful thinking of
our leaders who decided Is
years ago that henceforth
the world would become a big
happy family and insisted
that New York become the
seat of the United Nations
and hence the capital of the
"peace-loving world"
The vast majority of Amer
lean political leaders, from
President Eisenhower down,
still embrace that illusion,
which may eventually prove
unrealistic and costly. Our
arch enemy, Russia's dicta-
tor Khrushchev, has maneu-
vered over the years so skill
fully that he now has better
than a $3.50 chance to domi-
nate the International peace
Evening star., 1960-09-22
There's Peril in AN-Out Distrust

dynamic theology it was a few
years ago. The revolutions
now in progress or in their
beginnings are not commit
ted politically. They are a
driving nationalism, a great
zeal for social reform and
economic progress. They are
neither provost nor pro-
Kremlin.
The Soviets know this,
They are geared to act. They
were pouring into the Congo.
They now are out. But they
will wait. They will plot to
get back in. They do not, at
first, try to set up anything
like a Communist govern
ment. They try to ride the
tiger of nationalism and to
channel it into their camp by
providing technical and ma
terial assistance. 1t is only
when the new nations be-
come dependent on them for
economic assistance that the
trap is sprung
We need to be organized to
meet this sort of Communist
army. And we aren't.
1t would be, without uues-
tion, a great decision if both
Senator Kennedy and Vice
President Nixon could jointly
say to Nikita Khrushchev, and
the world. that no matter
who wins, the next President
will not be burned by the
fires of deceit, but will listen
to any honest talk about
peace.
Evening star., 1960-09-22
RALPH McGILL

A familiar axiom, "a burned
child fears the fire." and the
dead hand Of Joe Mccarthy
are influences which make it
difficult for a waning national
administration to cope with
Nikita Khrushchev.
We have drawn back a
burned hand in most of our
attempts to deal with the
Soviet Union. We were dan
gerously scared when Joe
Stain, after declaring inten-
tions of peace and co-opera-
ton to Gen. Dwight Eisen-
hover, among others, turned
instead to the ruthless ex-
cesses Of q cold war.
We were blistered by the
fall of the U-2 which enabled
Khrushchev to humiliate
President Eisenhower at Paris.
He used the wreck of the U-2
and the capture of Pilot Pow
ers to club the Summit meet
ing to death and load the
blame, with some success, on
the Presidents back. Com
munist agitation was respon-
sible, in undetermined meas
ure, for the further humilia-
ton of Japan where disorders
became so great the Eisen-
hover invitation was can
celled.
We have suffered second
degree burns in Cuba.
The dead, deterring hand
OF Joe Mccarthy is heavily
upon us. too. Fear yet re-
mains that if we give ear to
Russian proposals for further
talks, those officials respon-
sible will be accused of be-
Ang soft on communism.
This fear poisons many of
our national wells.
I'VE ought" said a United
Nations representative, "to
be able to say to Nikita,
Look. old man. you have de-
ceived and tricked us badly
twice. We can't have conf
dence in you. Don't take us
Evening star., 1960-09-22

is bound to be made. The only
real question is who will say it
first and loudest.
Premier Khrushchev for OBJ
vious reasons of his own can be
expected to sound of about the
inconvenience and indignities
to which he claims to kave been
subjected. And at this stage
Just about everyone from Dag
Hammarskjold down to the
humblest New York policeman
must wish heartily that some
other city had been chosen as
the home of the United Ma.
tions.
In fact, most of the weighty
reasons for selection of New
York over Geneva have long
since disappeared. In the war
shattered world of 1946, it was
logical enough to choose the
largest city of the most power
full nation. Bitter memories
Of the failure of the League
of Nations and the fear of a
revived American isolationism
added to their arguments.
Battle Not Foreseen
What was not foreSeen at
that time was the General AS
sembly would become an arena
for a propaganda battle on a
scale so massive as to involve
the presence in New York of
many of the worlds most pow
erful-and controversial-lead-
erS. Indeed, had this prospect
been foreseen as recently as q
few months ago there is good
reason to believe that another
city would have been chosen
for the current session.
There is nothing, of course,
to prevent the Assembly from
moving temporarily. The Ses-
siohS of 1948 and 1852, for in
stance, were held in Paris. The
recent suggestion of Patrice
Lumumba that the meeting
should be held at Leopoldville
was not taken very seriously
at the time it was made. But
before the session is over a
good many delegates may begin
to see new merit in his sug-
gestion.
1t is not just a question of
bad timing. Coming in the
midst of the American election
Evening star., 1960-09-22
Critics Of Lost u. S. Prestige Urged
To Tell How They'd Recover 1t

munists, Of course, have a
regulated economy and, If
that's what the critics want,
then they ought to make it
clear to the American people.
From every side the chorus
of critics cries out that the
President is responsible for
every advance made by the
Communists in Africa, in
Asia and in Latin America.
Even if this were true-which
nobody who really examines
the facts would concede-
what is being proposed to
send our prestige upward
again? Is the United States
to order an army of its own
into Cuba to deal with
Castro? Is that the way to
win friends and influence
people in Latin America?
The Eisenhower Admins
tration lately has proposed
to lend or spend around $500
million in Latin America, and
there's a plan to spend an
other such sum in Africa.
Yet the critics say this is
buying good will" They go
so far as to say that America
should give the money to the
U. N. or some other interna-
tional organization to dis
tribute, so it will not have the
onuS Of being known as
American money. This isn't
likely to be a very convincing
argument to the average tax
payer in America, but, if
that's what is to be done, it
Is desirable to let the Ameri-
can people know whether
that is being planned by
Senator Kennedy if he wins.
Then there's the matter
Of military strength. One.
big group in the Democratic
Party, calling itself liberal,
says we are spending too
much money for armament
and are overemphasizing the
military side. They say more
should be spent for class
rooms and teachers salaries
and welfare programs. An
Evening star., 1960-09-22

campaign and during q period
of unusually great interna-
tional tension, the session no
doubt presents a special prob
lem. But at any time the pres
ence of a large number of un-
wanted asd unlimited guests
would inevitably provoke bit
ter and violent reaction from
New York's volatile minorities.
And an impression of Ameri-
can instability and maturity
spreads around the world.
West at Disadvantage
In terms of the propaganda
battle, this fact in itself puts
the West at a very real dis
advantage. To judge from the
antics of MeSSrs. Castro and
Khrushchev, what goes on out
side the General Assembly is
at least as important to them
as the business of the U. N.
itself. Both men seem to ap-
preciate keenly the opportu-
nifty for almost unlimited mis-
chief making that the situa-
ton offers them. And while
they stay in New York-which
could be almost indefinitely
they can be expected to make
the most of it.
1t is too early. of course, TO
say whether the present spec
tacle in Manhattan is to pe-
come a permanent feature of
General Assembly sessions or
whether it is only a passing
phase. It seems most likely
that as the Assembly grows in
importance and IN the number
of new nations uncommitted
to either side in the cold war,
the Communists will continue
to make an all-out effort to
dominate it.
1t is doubtful, however, that
any session held in Geneva,
where the opportunities for ex-
tracurricular propaganda are
at a minimum, would attract
the same number of star per-
formers. And in Europe, where
the current session is being
watched with fascinated mis-
giving. there would be consid-
cradle support for a suggestion
that future meeting of the
Assembly should be held there.
Evening star., 1960-09-22
DAVID LAWRENCE

There is really only one
underlying issue in the presi-
Dental campaign, and neither
candidate seems to have come
to grips with it yet. It's
whether the United States is
going to get into a war that
will make necessary tremen-
dous sacrifices Of life.
Judging by the speeches
and essays that emanate
from certain quarters, the
United States has lost pres
tige throughout the world.
Everything is said to be the
fault of the Eisenhower ad-
miniStration-w h e t h er it's
the antics of Lumumba, or
the erratic behavior of Khru-
shchev, or the crafty maneu-
vering of Nasser, or the crude
outbursts of Castro, to say
nothing Of the student riots
in Japan.
The charge is made that, if
a Democratic administrator
had been in power in Wash
ington, none Of this presum-
ably would have happened or
else, If there is a change of
administration now, such
episodes would not occur
again. But how are they 60
ing to be prevented? Those
in Congress, for instance,
who argue that American
prestige has never sunk low
er, or those who wrote the
Democratic platform at Los
Angeles and said the same
thing, must have some idea
Of how that lost prestige is
going to be recovered.
The usual argument made
is that bold and imaginative
ideas will do the job. But
Castro isn't interested in
rhetoric, except when he is ex-
hibiting his own brand for
hours on Havana television.
Another point is made that
the United States hasn't
spent enough money for edu-
cation and for more class
rooms, and that more funds
should be allocated for social
welfare purposes. The Com
Evening star., 1960-09-22
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

Communism is the only where everybody chips in
share and share alike the boss of to the ehnots
OF New York to solve the farm problem
Nixon did so well in his Moscow debate with Khrushchev
that he chased him right the tchen-ino our parlo
Bgot Catholic who won't vote for Kennedy because he
went to Harvard.
Fidel Castro changes hotels in New York The first
manager was ruthless, mperialiStic enemy of anknds
fondeSt dream: He wanted cash.
The crx of this election that both candidates are so
well qualified that will feel unparotic just entering
ballot boothor fear the will get out he voted against
one of them.
Little Known Geography: Iron is shipped in Great
Lakes freightes from Duluth city which deeply
resented by generations of railroad bond holders.
IkeS miracle man. Half the people think it's been
fine administration. Half think it's been awfu-and are
proud of Ike for not getting mixed up in it.
Evening star., 1960-09-22
Debate Over u. N. Site
Is Sure to Be Revived
By CROSBY S. MOVES
European Correspondent Of The Star

PARIS Sept 22One of the results of the current
highevel lunacy the banks of the is revival of
the argument whether New York the ideal place stage
this kind of show.
The suggestion that the General Assembly would do we'll
hold such extraordinary sessions neutral territory
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1960-04-22
CHICAGO WOMAN RECEIVES
AWARD AS CHAMPION
FUND RAISER For ITNCl

Chicago amp - Mrs. Leona
]. Williams, president of the Chi
cago billiard University chapter
of the United Negro College Fund,
received a trophy this week for
having led all chapters for 10 con-
secutive years in the amount of
money raised for the Fund.
Mrs. Williams, an employee of
Provident Hospital, received the
award from Charles Green, of At
lanta, Ga, chairman of the trophy
committee. 1t was the first time
any individual had won this honor.
The trophy was presented during
the 14th annual UNCF conference
in Detroit. Mrs. Williams is a
former national president of the
organization.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1960-04-22
League Developed
Negro Employment
In Local Industry

Members and board of the local
leagues come from all walks of
life. Some of the board members
are employers of others who have
had the ear of employers for years
and employers and labor union Of
ficials work daily with the league
Photos of some of the persons
who hold different" jobs appear
in this section of the paper The
large variety of job opportunities
which many Negroes have secured
in the Twin Cities can be traced
largely to the constant selling
job which the two leagues have
made in behalf of trained Negro
workers in the years since the be-
ginning of the Urban League pro-
gram in the area.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1960-04-22
COUNT Basic BACKS STU
DENTS IN DEMONSTRATIONS

Washington CAMP - Count
Basic stepped out of his role as a
jazz band maestro for a minute
last week to comment on current
racial issues.
Referring to the apparent pres
sure wave that is being forced upon
Negro leaders and college students,
the Count" said, They're trying
to knock us down but we get right
up again"
Speaking of the college students
who have been demonstrating
against segregated lunch counters
in the South, Basic said it's a
beautiful" movement. They're
starting a real move and I am 100
per cent for it,"
YOU KNOW WHERE THIS PAPER
2TA MIS-
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1960-04-22
ST. Paul Urban
League Stoff

Continued from Page 1-B)
and a member of the Pragmateia
Sorority, a group of business and
clerical women in the Twin Cities.
She is also a member of the St
James A.M.E. Church.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1960-04-22

This is the Golden Anniversary
Edition Of the National Urban
League, a social work Organiza-
ton which through its Twin City
Affiliates offers a public service In
the interest Of interracial under
standing and cooperation.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1960-04-22
Opportunity Magazine

In the early twenties, another
new field was developed To bring
the work of Negro writer's and
artists to recognition, the League
initiated Opportunity magazine in
1928. Countee Cullen, Langston
Hughes and Claude Mckay were
among the contributors whose
works were given a public. Five
years later the editors felt their
point had been proved. The mag
azine content was changed to COW
er conditions and trends affecting
the Negro and the white in his con-
facts with Negroes BY 1919, when
the Leagues board felt this OBJ
jective had been accomplished, the
magazine was suspended.
In line with efforts to gather
material for lecturers, articles and
college classroom discussions or
the life and social conditions among
Negroes, Eugene Kinckle Jones
with the aid of L. Hollingsworti
Wood, League president, was in
strumental in persuading the Car
negie Corporation Of New York t
appropriate $4,000 to purchase il
1000 the rthur A SchOun b,Ir,
Historical Collection Of Negr
books, prints and other data. Thi
was turned over to the New Yorl
J Public Library as a permanen
= collection.
l Making Negro Civil Service
e Conscious
i Meanwhile, the League wa
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1960-04-22

guides the Leagues future.
What new challenges are now
Housing still is the only COM
ing a sometimes unfriendly exam
make capital for construction for
the Negro market scarce.