davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1960-08-19

Thousands Of Americans are de-
scendants OF Negroes who were
free before the civil War.
In fact one out Of every seven
Negroes in the United States was
free in 1880. Some Of these free
Negroes owned large plantations
In the South.
This information and other wide
ly unknown facts were revealed
by the late DR.. Carter G. Wood
sons in a book entitled Free Ne
gro Heads Of Families In the Unit
ed States in 1880"
The general belief among most
Negroes and almost all whites is
that all Negroes IN America before
the Civil War were slaves or tenn
porary indentured servants.
1t Ia q revelation, indeed, that
any Negroes in America ever
owned slaves. According to the
record, a goodly number Of Ne
groes in the South before the Civil
War owned large tracts of land
and had from 10 to 200 slaves on
each plantation.
There was one Negro in Lexing-
ton, KY. In 1880 worth $500, 900,
according to DR.. Woodson. The
richest merchant In Macon, Ca.
was q free Negro. A free Negro
named Thomas Lafon in New
Orleans had a half million dollars
in real estate. A man named Cyp-
rian Picard Of Louisiana bought
an estate for $225, 900 including
81 slaves.
Woodson disclosed that Marie
Metover Of Natchtoches owned
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1960-08-19

Editors Note: Claude Barnett,
Chicago, director Of the AssOci-
ated Negro Press has intimate
contacts with most African
countries and their leaders. He
Ii perhaps the best Informed
American ON the peoples and
prOblems Of colonial Africa, and
the emerging independent states.
It Is assumed that the AMP
critical views on the N. Y.
TIMES list Of Ten top Africans
are his.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1960-08-19

Woodson disclosed that Marie
Metover Of Natchtoches owned
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1960-08-19

one must recognize the existence of
Roland Ngala, who was chairman
of the Kenya delegation to the Lon
don Conference Of which Mboya
was merely a member.
One Of the factors that would
favor Ngala over Mboya is his
tribal relationship. Ngala Is a
Kildyu and is Kenyatta, and this
is a very important factor in Ken
va and many other African nations
Mboya belongs to the Luos Tribe.
Mboya's activity in the field Of
labor has earned him ardent sup
port among organized labor in
England and particularly in the
United States, and has resulted in
an over emphasis Of his role by
outsiders.
The reason for Tubman's ex-
clusion is not quite clear. He Is
regarded even by Nlxrumah, one
of the continents most dynamic
leaders, as Africa's elder states
man. His wisdom and his political
shrewdness are acknowledged by
all the other leaders
His plan for a loose federation
of African states has won much
wider approval throughout the con-
tinent than NlxrImah's United
States Of Africa. This is a tribute
to his wisdom and his influence
among the African leaders them
selves.
Premier Olympic, Great Leader
Another strong personality who
can't be counted out is Togoland
premier sylvanus Olympic, one Of
the best educated and most articul-
ate Of Africa's leaders. In his APP
pearances before the United Ma
tons he has earned high esteem
among nationalistic Africans.
While Lthuli is a potent person
atty in South Africa, one must re-
member that Robert Sobukwe Is q
much younger and more forcefIll
man at present, though both lead
ers are now in Jail.
Sobul1we Is president Of the Pam
AfricaniSt Congress which recent
ly staged the protests against the
pass laws that led to the bloody
reprisals that shocked the world
and highlighted the arrogant racial
attitudes Of the South African gov
eminent.
Finally, Nnamdi Azikiwe, presi-
dent Of Niger1a's senate, Is a much
more significant personality than
Balewa, whose political success
arises mainly from the accident Of
religion and because the northern
district from which he halls con-
tains more than so percent Of Nj
geria's population.
Don't Ignore AzIlxiwe
Aziliwe as the leader, II not the
father, Of the independence move
ment and his blueprinting the
course to freedom which IL to b
achieved in October, cannot b.
overlooked and Is certainly not e.
nored by the Nigerians.
Balewa's strong pro-British feal-
ty Is not as much In accord with
the independence fever in Nigeria
as AzilIiwe's more progressive
philosophy. That Is perhaps another
reason why, spiritually at least,
he rates above not only Balewa.
but also Sir Adesoji Aderemi, the
oni Of Ife, Mgeria's first African
governor general.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1960-08-19

Governor. Nyasaland's first-ever
elections under the new constitu-
ton win take about six to nine
months to organize and win thus
be held next year.
All of this falls short Of DR..
Banda's original demands for UNI
iversal suffrage and sweeping Az
rican control over both the Legis-
lature and the Executive Council
Of Ministers. However, it still IL
far more than white Nyasaland
delegates to the constitutional con-
ference in London originally were
prepared to accept. It sets Nyasa-
land firmly on the road to a future
as an essentially African-adminis-
tered country.
How far around the corner SELF
government may be is unknown,
for no time limit has been set
on the duration Of the new con-
stitution before further changes.
Instead, it viii be in force for
reasonable period Of trial"
Against a background of troub-
les elsewhere in Africa, and most
pessimistic forecasts about the
fate Of the conference when it
opened last week, all sections of
the British press are surprised and
almost lyrically delighted at the
outcome Of the conference.
Triumph For Macleod
Once again it is a triumph for
British Colonial Secretary lain
Macleod, who has held the diff
cult colonies portfolio for less than
year but who has established a
remarkable reputation for trust
worthiness in African eyes during
that time.
The new constitution leaves I'M
touched, Of course, the problem
of Nyasaland's distrust of fedora
ton with the Rhodesias, which
federation Is due for review early
next year. DR.. Banda must also
carry along with him more ex-
IRENE elements in his Malawi Con-
gress Party who may disagree
with the compromise he has had
to make in London.
Just what psychological effect
the Congo crisis has had upon
parties to the new Nyasaland con-
stitution Is not clear. A long, care
full look at chaos under an ILL
prepared African government In
the Congo may have influenced
DR.. Banda to settle for less than
the immediate self-government de-
manded by his party.
On the other hand, the Congo
affair has not deferred Britain
from bringing at least some polit-
ical progress to Nyasaland. Thus,
come Nyasaland self-government,
the territory will have had at least
some experience with legislature
and with political parties Of the
government and opposition sides
the tools Of democratic government
which never swere given to the
Congolese before their dramat-
caIly sudden essay into self-rule.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1960-08-19
2S-YEAR Old WRESTLER
WINS OLYMPIC BERTH

Detroit CAMP - Rudy VIII
lians, a 25-year-old father Of four,
has become the first Detroit area
wrestler to win a berth on the
us. Olympic team in 80 years, It
was reported Unbeaten since 1857,
Williams won bouts In Canada,
Oklahoma and Iowa before being
selected for the us. team.
He Joined seven other Americans
on the 1860 American wrestling
team which win compete In the
Olympic Games at Rome, Italy,
Aug. 20 through Sept, Is.
Williams, the father Of two boys
and two girls, started his wrest-
ling career in 1855 under the nick
name Of "saf, after his two broth
ers, Revius, "A, and Clyde, 20, en-
couraged him to become a wrest-
Ter.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1960-08-19

excludes these two men, both OF
whom exert wide influence politi-
cally and phiosophically far be-
yond the geographic borders Of
their countries.
BracIzer Complies List
The list, as compiled by the
Times writer Milton Breaker, in
cludes Tom Mboya, general secre-
tary Of the Kenya Federation Of
Labor; Sir Abubalar Tafawa Bal
eva, prime minister of the Fedora
ton Of Nigeria; Kenneth Kaunda,
nationalist leader Of Northern
Rhodesia; Kwame NlSrumah, pres
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1960-08-19

up new part-time units for inter-
nal security, all bear testimony
to the tensions still existent In
various parts Of the African con-
tinent.
Yet for at least one African
land, black men and white sitting
down together in a spirit of COM
promise have hammered out q new
constitutional deal which they be-
heve offers the prospect Of peace
and promise.
Significant Gain
Their action is particularly
significant, for the country In
volved Is Britain's little lakeland
protectorate Of Nyasaland, which
since the explosion Of violence
there last year has teetered on
the edge Of becoming Britain's
No. colonial trouble spot.
With the consequent imprison-
ment Of the Nyasaland African
nationalist leader DR.. Hastings
Banda, who now Is free and who
played a key role in the consti-
tutional negotiations, Nyasaland
has simmered with African re-
sentiment and Illustration. For
months political activity was Vr-
tually frozen and a state Of emer-
gency In force.
If the hopes Of the parties to
the new constitutional agreement
are realized, this tension now may
be dissolved and fears of a new
explosion be lessened.
Under the new constitution
agreed to in London, Africans can
expect to have a clear majority
in a new Legislature, or local par
lament, for Nyasaland Of 35 men,
bers. Nyasaland's British-appofnted
Governor will remain firmly in
ultimate control, but there will be
an advisory Executive Council or
Cabinet" Of 10 members, a num-
Der Of whom will be Africans.
Election Next Year
Africans viii get q franchise on
a dual-roll system. Most Of Nyasa-
lands few thousand white settlers
will qualify for the higher electoral
roll, as will Asians and a few AZ
ricans. Voters registered on this
roll will elect eight members Of
the Legislative Council.
The second roll, with lower vot-
ing qualifications, probably win
absorb about 100000 of Nyasa-
lands 100000 Africans at the
present time, and these will elect
20 members Of the Legislature.
Until now, African minority
members OF the Legislative Coun-
Gil have been indirectly elected by
tribal chiefs and nominated by the
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1960-08-19
BEAT GENERATION" FLICK
TOO BEAT FOR KEENAN,

Nairobi, Kenya (AlNP) - Three
American-made films, Jack the
Ripper" The BeatnilS Genera
ton" and Summer Place." were
attacked by a woman member Of
the Kenya Legislative Council last
week, termed them unsuitable be-
cause Of their portrayal Of drink
ing, drug addiction and Juvenile
delinquency.
Mrs. A. Shaw took exception to
the films and asked Kenya's Min
lister for Internal Security and De-
Tense, A. Swami, to appoint a
member of the East Africa Wom-
ems League to the film censorship
board. The minister said he would
consider her request.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1960-08-19
Not Complete:
Not Complete:
AMP. Claims Times .
List Of Ten Top
Africans Is Lacking
AMP Finds Serious Omissions New York Tines
Selection OF Afrieu's Ten Top Leaders

New York ANP)-The New York Times widely recognized
the most influential newspaper the United States listed
last week its concept of the 40 leaders of the Africa
The list is significant much because of the it
mentions but because of the African leaders who ignored
The two most striking omissions Kenyas Jomo Ken
yaa and Liberia astute president, William v s. Tubman
hard to conceive of list Of African leaders that
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1960-08-19
NyasaLand Bright Ray
In African Atmosphere
Monitor Writer SAYS

London-A bright ray of sunshine has forced its way
through the storm clouds and hunderheads currently piled up
the African horizon.
OF course the Congo situation remains delicate and perhaps
dangerous heads toward apparent climax The dispatch
Of British troops Kenya the watchfuness of white resers
in Southern RhOdea and the that South Africa is setting
Evening star., 1960-01-20
Mrs. Steinbuch,
Wife of Chief
OF Labor Office

Mrs. Olga M. Steinbach, SO
resident of the Washington
area for "a years. died Monday
at George Washington Univer-
sity Hospital after a long ill
ness.
Mrs. Steinbach was born ir
Vienna, Austria, and came to
the District in 1886. She and
her husband, Arnold L. Stein
bach, chief of the Division OF
Internal Trade Union Organi-
zatlon in the Department OF
Labor, moved in 1916 to 244S
North Lexington street. Airing
ton, where she was living al
the time of her death.
Mrs. Steinbach was an ac-
tive member of the Arlington
Unitarian Church.
Besides her husband, she
leaves a son, Henry of 1908
Lily Dhu lane. Falls Church; a
daughter. Mrs. Lora Dugard
of 100 North Potomac street,
Arlington, and a sister. Mrs
Kate Bodine of Philadelphia
She also leaves five grand
children.
Memorial services will be
held at IL am. tomorrow at
the Arlington Unitarian
Church, 4444 Arlington boule-
ward. Burial will be private.
The family asks that express
sions of sympathy be sent to
the Unitarian Church Welfare
Association.
Evening star., 1960-01-20
Mrs. LoIeeer, 7S,
LAWYERS Wife

Mrs. Mary A. Laleger, rs,
wife Of George H. Laleger, a
Washington lawyer and real
estate broker, died Sunday
after a protracted illness.
Born in New York. Mrs.
Laleger had been a District
resident for rs years. She was
a former employe of the
Bureau of Engraving and
Printing and then of the
TreaSury's Division of Loans
and Currency. She retired in
1943.
She was interested in civic
work, having once served as
a board member of the Florence
Crittenton Home for Girls. She
was also a member of the
Church of Nativity, and helped
in the building fund OF the St.
GabrierS Church, 26 Grant
circle. NV.
Besides her husband of the
home address at TAOS Alaska
avenue, she leaves a daughter,
Mrs. Grace L. De Klerk of
Brooklyn, N. Y.
Services will be at 9 am. to-
orrow at the Chambers
Funeral Home. 1400 Chaplin
street NV. followed by mass
at $3.50 at st. Gabriels Church.
Burial will be in Mount Olivet
Cemetery.
Evening star., 1960-01-20
Capt. H.G. Patrick Dies,
Navy Officer 33 Years

an officer on board the U.S.S
Vermont attached to the At
lantic Fleet.
] His subsequent assignments
included terms of service as a
navigator, a Naval Academy in
structor, and service in 1923
aboard the U.S.S. West Vir-
ginia.
| He later served as aide to the
Commandant of the First Naval
District, Boston, and in 1885 he
was commander of Mine d.
vision I.
In 1887 he was appointed as
siStant superintendent of the
Naval Observatory.
/ He was the United States
naval representative to Ice
land in 1941, for which he re-
ceived a letter of commendation
from the Secretary of Navy.
/ Then he was appointed Sec
retary Of the Navy's Board of
Decorations and Medals. He re-
tired in l945 with the rank of
captain.
He leaves his wife, Evelyn,
of home address at 1902 Wood
bine street, Chevy Chase; one
daughter, Mrs. Robert w. Will
liams. also of home address,
and five grandchildren.
( The body will lie in state at
the Humphrey funeral home,
1857 Wisconsin avenue, Be-
thesda, with services at IL am.
Friday at Fort Myer Chapel
and burial in Arlington Gene
terry.
Evening star., 1960-01-20
Mrs. Lucille Borbdro, 55,
Wife of Retired Admiral

Mrs. Lucille Herald Barbara,
55. of l707 Surrey lane NV,
wife of Rear Admiral Joseph r.
Barbara, USN, retired, died
Tuesday evening at Bethesda
Naval Hospital after a pro-
longed illness.
A native of Relay, Md, Mrs.
Barbara was a graduate of
Western High School, Balti-
more, and the University of
Wisconsin. where she received
a B. S. degree and was a mem
Der of the Gamma Phi Beta
Sorority.
Mrs. Barbara was widely
known in naval and diplomatic
circles. She accompanied her
husband when he served as
chief Of the United States Naval
Mission to Ecuador in 194l-3,
and as Naval Attache to Vene-
zuela in 1873.
Besides her husband she
leaves a son, Joseph H. Bar
baro of the home address; her
mother, Mrs. E. E. Herald of
Relay, Md; two brothers. Ed
ward E. and John A. Herald of
Baltimore, and two sisters, Mrs.
Mae Giltin of Baltimore and
Mrs. Walter c. Hopkins OF
Catonsville, Md.
/ Funeral services will be held
in the Navy Chapel, Navy Sc
curity Station, Nebraska ave-
Evening star., 1960-01-20
Mrs. Mosher, 46,
Wife of District
Patent Lawyer

Geraldine B. Mosher, 46
wife Of Ellsworth H. Mosher,
a District patent lawyer, died
of cancer Tuesday at the Ma
tional Institute of Health.
Born in Sumter, S. c., Mrs,
Mosher had lived in the Dis
trict since 1880. She graduated
from the Nurses Training
School at Emergency Hospital
in 1884.
She was an active volunteer
Red Cross worker attached to
the Red Cross bloodmobile in
Arlington. She was also a
member of the Clarendon
Methodist Church, Arlington.
Besides her husband of the
home address, 2343 North Ver-
non street. Arlington, she
leaves a daughter, Sandra Sue,
also of the home address; her
mother, Mrs. Walter Ballard
of Sumter; three brothers,
Walter, also of Sumter; NAL
colin of Wilmington, N. c.:
Raymond of San Mateo. Calf,
and a sister, Mrs. James r
May of 4722 Twentieth road
North. Arlington.
Services will be at 10 am
Friday at the Ives Funera,
Home. 2847 Wilson boulevard
Arlington. with burial at Ar
lington Cemetery.
The family requests that
expressions Of sympathy bt
sent to the American Cancer
Society.
Evening star., 1960-01-20
George Collier, II, Retired
Agriculture Market Expert

George A. Collier, II, long
time grain marketing specialist
in the Department of Agricul-
ture and a civic and church
leader in Arlington, died Mon
day at his home, 1872 South
Court House road. Arlington.
Born in Enon, Ohio, Mr..
Collier had been an area resi-
dent for 40 years. He joined
the Agriculture Department in
1918. At his retirement in
1851, he was chief of the
Market News and Services Di-
vision, Grain Branch, of the
Production and Marketing Di-
vision.
Interested in civic activities,
his early welfare work in Ar
Ilington was with the County
Welfare Board, of which he
was president for five years.
He assisted in the organiza-
ton of the Arlington Unit of
the American Cancer Society in
1947 and was active in State
and regional affairs of the
society.
As member of the board of
trustees of All Souls Unitarian
Church in Washington, Mr..
Collier was the promoter of the
Arlington Unitarian Fellow
ship, which was organized in
l943 and became the Unitarian
Church of Arlington in 1948
He also organized the Arling-
ton chapter of the American
Red Cross.
His hobby was gardening and
Evening star., 1960-01-20
Ralph S. Peer, 81,
Music Publisher

LOS ANGELES, Jan. 20 CAPl
Ralph Sylvester Peer. ST,
president of two music pub
fishing firms, died yesterday of
virus pneumonia.
He headed Southern Music
Publishing &C., Hollywood, and
Peer International Music Pub
fishing Co., New York. He was
president of the American
Camellia Society and a fellow
of the Royal Horticultural So
ciety in London.
Evening star., 1960-01-20

his rose garden is considered
one of the best in Arlington.
He leaves his wife Edith of
the home address; two grand
daughters. Miss Constance
Morris of Jacksonville, Fla,
and Mrs. Lynn Cecil of Savan-
nah, Ca; a brother, Charles
Collier of Springfield, Ohio, and
a sister, Mrs. Homer Beal of
Dayton. Ohio.
Services will be at 2 pm. to-
morrow at the Arlington Uni
tartan Church. 4444 Arlington
boulevard, with burial in the
Columbia Gardens Cemetery.
Evening star., 1960-01-20

Capt. Harry Gates Patrick,
10, USN. (ret.), died of a heart
attack yesterday at the Be-
theSda Naval Hospital.
Born in Evansville, Ind, he
was commissioned in 1912 after
graduation from the Naval
Academy as an ensign.
In 1912 he was a junior off,
Ger on the U.S.S. Nashville, and
participated in the Haitian
campaign.
During World War I he was
Evening star., 1960-01-20

nue. NV. at noon Friday, fol-
lowed by burial in Arlington
National Cemtery. Friends may
call at Gawler's Funeral Home
1855 Pennsylvania avenue NV.
Evening star., 1960-01-20
INTERNATIONAL
STERLING

All patterns svsrIsble OF regular price
after sale! Courtship, Enchsntrsss,
MInUet, Queens Lace. Serenity,
Spring Glory psttsrns-priees listed
below. RieheIieu prices. slightly
higher
OPEN STOCK SELECTION
Buy by the piece, place setting
or set to own treasured family
silver Splendid savings on ell
purchases through February %.
1880, Available after sale at
regular prices.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1960-04-07
BOATING 1850
FOR FAMILY RN-HDD wz1ER,
Continued from page l3


you can choose between wood, metal, or plastic
construction and, by selecting well-known brand
that has proven popular for your waters, you can
be certain it is designed to handle average water
conditions you will encounter. New synthetics
are cutting the cost and labor of upkeep for your
boat, new building methods are making it stronger
and lengthening its life. (Note the accompanying
check list to help you select the best boat)
Stronger construction means safer boat, but
there are additional recent advances as well.
Sealed f1otation chambers of foamed plastic are
incorporated in many hulls SO that boat mad
vertently swamped or capsized will not only stay
aioat but support the weight of the passengers as
well. Higher horsepower, both cupboard and in
board is also providing reserve power to increase
the radius of cruising fun and still get all hands
back to port promptly if weather threatens.
Getting started on the water now is simple
Like cars, boats are beginning to be recognized
as part of our better way of life, and family is
no longer considered extravagant when they tell
their friends and their bank that they are budget
ing for boat. But because boating is new way
OF living, it deserves special study. Talk to your
friends who own boats before you buy; read
books and magazines; find out if your community
has branch of the us. Coast Guard Auxiliary
or the us. Power SquadronS Both these organ
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1960-04-07

izatIons schedule free classes in basic boat han
ding and seamanShip. Determine what kinds of
craft are popular in your area usually these are
boats which have proven they can safely handle
your water and weather conditions Consider
renting or chartering the type of boat you have
in mind to be sure it fits your needs and that you
will really feel comfortable aboard Be sure every
member of your family is a confident swimmer
or wears life jacket Chances are slim that you
will ever need to take to the water in an emer-
gency, but all will feel more secure. Consult
your local boat dealers if you are considering a
used boat; their counsel can be invaluable.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1960-04-07

Further information? Write to Suburbia Today,
on East 56th Street, New York y, N Y, for
these helpful free booklets:
Pleasure Craft"-a new Coast Guard booklet
giving highlights of the Federal Boating Act of
1883, minimum legal equipment requirements,
and safety suggestions
More Fun On The Water'-a booklet COM
piled by the National Association of Engine and
Boat Manufacturers which tells how and where
to learn about boating
Cupboard Handling" "a basic illustrated book
let giving helpful elementary instruction for the
cupboard owner.