davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-07-22

Although normal dlplo-
matte relations between our
. governments are impossible
under present conditions" the
platform states. I'VE shall wei
come any evidence that the
Chinese communists govern
ment is genuinely prepared to
create a new relationship
based on respect for interna-
tional obligations, including
the release of; American pris-
oners."
The Democratic party plat
form also:
Pledges 10 raise the Fed
ersI minimum wage 10 Sl.25
m hour and TO extend COW
erage 10 millions not now pro-
fecfed.
Stresses the right OF ev-
cry family TO q decent home"
and pledges an expanding
economy that will enable "vs
TO build two million homes a
year in wholesome nei1hbor-
hoods for people OF all in
comes"
Asserts fine right 10 sde-
qUafe medical care and fhs
opportunity TO achieve and
enjoy good health" for young
and old alike.
Recognizes the need for
more medical schools, hospif-
ais and research laboratories
TO speed the final conquest of
the major killing diseases.
Advocates q more liberal
social security program 70
care for the aging Of fhs ma
zion i'm Their goiden years.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-07-22

ton in Federal housing pro.
grams, equal employment OPP
po~,tunitieS, and the elimina-
ton of literacy tests and poll
tax requirements for voting.
"The peaceful demonstra-
tons for first-elass citizen
ship which have recently TAX
en- place in many parts of the
country" it says, are a signal
to all of us to make good
at last the guarantees of our
Constitution"
1T ADVOCATES IAN af-
flrmative new atmosphere in
which TO deal with racial divi-
sions and inequities which
threaten both the integrity
of our democratic faith and
the proposition on waich our
nation was founded-that all
men are created equal"
Dealing with foreign policy
and international affairs, the
party platform contains blan-
ket indictments of commu-
nism. 1t says ito the rulers
of the communist world: We
confidently accept your chal-
lenge to competition in every
field of human effort. We
believe your communist ideol-
ogy to be sterile, unsound and
doomed to failure"
The platform pledges long
term international coopera-
ton to the underdeveloped
areas of the world. 1t said
also: I'm Latin America we
shall restore the Good Neigh
Dor policy based on far clos
err economic cooperation and
increased respect and under
standing"
REITERATlNG Opposition
to the present admission of
communist China to the Unit
ed Nations" the platform says
that Red China must do an
about-face before ties with the
US. can be established.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-07-22

Of the freedom granted.
About five years later Cath
olicity actually was outlawed
IN the colony. NO Popery''
resounded as loudly and We
hemently on the Chesapeake
as it had in the Puritan Com.
monweslth Of Massachusetts.
After the death Of Oliver
Cromwell and the restoration
of the Stuarts in England. the
colony was returned to Lord
Baltimore. Nonetheless. until
the American Revolution free
dom for the faithful in Mary
land vas precsrious. At times
restrictions were relaxed:
again the largest body Of
Catholics in the English colo
MES were subjected to severe
penal laws.
A CENTURY LATER Mary
land enacted legislation which
weighed down all property
owned BY Catholics with dou.
bic taxation. Catholics of 18th
century Maryland act ualiy
considered quitting the colo
nv entirely to make a new
start in French louisiana.
Only on the outbreak of CO.
lonisl disagreement with the
mother country prior 10 the
Revolution was this proposal
postponed.
But Maryland, the Land of
Sanctuary. had become 4
prison for the faithful Whe-
Their shouted by PVritans or by
Angiicans. no Popery" was
the cry in command. Todera-
ton was forgotten, religious
freedom had been blotted nut
on the statute books Of the
English colonies in America.
Next week: pennsylv wants.
Afforded Catholics Freedom
Outside the Law.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-07-22
BY THOMAS z. KISSING

Nomination of Sen.
John F. Kennedy as the
Democratic candidate for
president of the United
States marks the d
time that a Catholic was so
honored.
No Catholic has ever been
elected President or Vice
President of the US.
BOTH PREVIOUS nominees
were devout and practicing
Catholics at the time of their
nomination, and remained SO
the rest of their lives. The
first, Charles O'Conor, was
the candidate of the insurgent
Democrats in 1872. A resident
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-07-22

came so 0Vercr0Wded with inn
poveriShed Catholics that the
local officials begged the
Queen to send no more.
THUS ELIZABETH was fac
ed with a double dilemma, for
she did not want to exile
wealthy and influential Cath
olics. Consequently. the Act
of 1898 prohibited them from
leaving the homeland.
On the other hand, those
who had no more than a pit
lance or less were urged to
quit the kingdom. This same
law made it reasonable for
them to go to the continent.
With all Europe closed, the
New World was the only pos
sible refuge for prosecuted
Catholics.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-07-22
CATHOLICS IN AMERICA


This is fhs third Of . series
OF articles reviewing she 20.
sifion and experience Of The
prsefieins Catholic in the life
Of the American community
from Colonial times. The su.
thor holds q doctorsfe in
American Church Hist cry,
has taught in various univer.
stiles, and is presently Ar
ehiviss and Historian OF the
Archdiocese Of St. Louis.
time. Long delay or disaster
could have been the fate Of
Catholic aSpir atoms. But
Charles I confirmed the grant
to the Baron's oldest son, Ce-
Gil.
The SECOND Lord Balti-
more. like his father a zeal.
Gus Catholic convert, pro-
ceeded with the plans for a
settlement in the New World.
Rejecting the struggles of
Charles | with a recalcitrant
Parliament, the charter was a
unique document in two ways.
First. all power in the colony
was vested in Lord Baltimore.
Monarch of all he survey
ed" was true of Cecil Calvert
within the confines of the
grant. Moreover, by the fourth
section of the charter Catho-
lies had a refuge for the first
time since Elizabeth ! ascend
ed the throne of England
some 70 years before.
AS his father had done for
the venture to Newfoundland,
Cecil Calvert made the colony
open to all. Catholic and nom
Catholic. Before they depart
ed he warned his co-religion-
lists against giving offense by
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-07-22
BY FIR. T ]. RAHILL

More bitter than her
father, Henry VIII, and
determined to protect her
position as sovereign, Eliza
beth | of England used
every possible means of sup
pressing her Catholic sub
jects.
Torture and death on the
scaffold were physical bar
barities suffered by many.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-07-22

Virtually all
were afflict-
e d by t h e
fines impos-
ed for fail
to at
t t h e
Anglican re-
ligious serv-
ices.
In the late
0's the
jails a d
nrisnns b
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-12-23

or the Liturgy will help mem
bers of the family understand
the meaning of feasts. Letter
them up and place them on
the wall. For Advent these
texts are fitting: incline your
heavens, O Lord, and come
down" Psalm 1883. During
Christmas and Epiphany: Lift
up, 0 gates, Your lintels;
reach up, you ancient portals,
that the king Of, glory may
come in" psalm 23:D or
"The Lord shall arise upon
thee, and his glory shall be
seen upon thee" QsajaS 60:2)
These texts can be hand-let-
tered by one of the children
in large letters on a card and
ornamented appropriately.
CHRISTMAS WILL Be in
sipid unless you catch its
true spirit. Maybe a family
pilgrimage could be organ
lied, especially while Advent
is still on. Have a special in
tention during the pilgrimage
always and remember that
life itself is but a pilgrimage
to heaven. A pilgrimage then
must not be simply a walking
or riding expedition. There
should be prayers and media
ton and some difficulty as
ISOLATED with it. Effort and
sacrifice are demanded.
This does not by any means
imply that a pilgrimage is
gloomy. Add two or more fam
lilies to this spiritual exer-
else and you add new inspira-
ton and JOY.
THE PRACTICE Of erecting
a small Christmas crib in the
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-12-23
The Ynrdstick
Our National Purpose:
What Is 1t?
by Msgr. George G. Higgins

$50, is already being hailed by
a number of responsible crit.
les as a minor classic.
| am concerned here, how
ever, only with that section of
the book which deals with the
role of government in Ameri-
can economic life. What Pro-
fessor Morgenthsu has to say
is extremely thought-provok-
ing, and will, | think, inter-
est anyone concerned about
the future of
ment relations in the United
States.
Professor Morgenthau says
that we have too little, rather
than too much, government in
the field of economic life,
especially in the field of la
bor-management relations. He
argues that government is sin
full retreat before the on
slaught of power" exercised
by big labor and big business
and is "a virtually impotent
bystande- when it comes to
the control over the exercise
of private power"
THE GOVERNMENT" he
contends, lis incapable of en-
forcing the laws against a cor
rupt and tyrannical union. 1t
cannot enforce the criminal
laws against its officials, nor
can it protect the members of
the union against the abuse of
power on the part of the I'M
ion officials The same
thing applies, he continues,
ito the legitimate business
enterprise, and ii applies like
wise to the Legitimate bust
ness enterprise, the racket"
Professor Morgenthau main
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-12-23
Sum and Substance:
Christ And His
Slow-Moving Christians
by FIR. John B. Sheerin, esp.

the primeval slime and start
evolving into a milder type of
animal than homo sapiens7
TO BEGIN WITH, / think
we have to draw a distinction
between Europe and Chris
tianity. Belloc used to say that
Faith is Europe and Europe is
the Faith. We don't believe
that any longer. Europe
brought nationalism and in
dustrialism and colonial i S m
into the world and industrial
ism brought social injustice
that spawned commu n i S m.
None of these were Christian.
The world can get along
without Europe if need be.
The Americas and Asia and
Africa can hand down the
torch Of civilization. But it
will have to be a civilization
based on the good news an
nounced on the first Christ
mas.
WHAT WOULD the world
be like if Christmas hadn't
happened?" That was the first
sentence of a broadcast over
BIC. delivered by Ronald
Knox seven years ago. (The
sermon is printed in The Pas
forsI Sermons Of Ronald A.
Knox (Sheed & Ward. In an
swering bis lead question,
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-12-23

Knox cited three outstanding
examples of social progress
that can be traced back to
Christ.
First, there is the fact that
Christianity brought about the
end of slavery. A pagan Of
pre- Christian times coming
back to the world in 1860
would be struck by the disap-
pearance of slavery. It is true
that the early Christians did
not destroy it. They were not
social reformers. Expecting
the second coming of Christ
and a new world, they made
no attempt to change the So
ciety of their time.
BUT THE
concept of the equality of all
Christians was deep in the
Christian consciousness and
it made succeeding genera
tons of Christians uneasy
about slavery. They knew that
"all are one in Christ Jesus"
regardless of race, color or
condition of servitude and
this concept eventually swept
away the abominable system
whereby a man could use or
abuse his slave at will.
Secondly, Christ broke
down the notion of national
Continued on Page 81
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-12-23
Sr. Rita Berchmans

For the past ten years Catholics have witnessed
a growing problem in our parochial schools.
PARENTS KNOW THAT they can best provide
for the religious education of their children by send
ing them TO parochial schools. But the great increase
In population has happened so quickly that we are fast
running short of school space.
More seriously, there is a definite shortage Of
teachers. Vacations to the religious communities, which
have carried the burden of stating our schools, are
not keeping up with the number Of children SWarlning
into class each September. And there is no sign what
ever OF a change In this pattern.
AS a result, our teaching Sisters. although com
plemented by devoted and competent lay teachers, are
overworked. They put in long hours, under trying
conditions, in crowded clasSrooms.
This cannot help but put them under a great strain.
SISTER RITA Berchmans of the Sisters of Notre
Dame de Namur has been teaching at Holy Cross
school, Columbus, for the past six years. Although
small in enrolment Holy Cross shares the problems Of
too few teachers. AS a result, Sister Rita has been
teaching more than one grade for many years.
Last Friday, she was too i'll to come to class. She
was to be checked by a physician that day. But by
midlmorniAg it was too late for medical science to do
anything for her. She was dead of a coronary oc7
cluslon.
THIS GOOD NUN was a casualty Of our times.
She appeared to have been literally exhausted by the
demands of teaching. It is easy enough to say to a
teacher: take it easy"
The work is there, someone has to do it or it will
remain undone.
Our Sisters do the job often in spite Of cir
cuinstances outside, and lack of strength within.
Sister Rita Berchmans would be the last person
to want our sympathy. She had lived a full life and
was ready to go when God called her. But II we may
speak for her perhaps we could ask our people for
two things: more understanding of the teachers prob
lens and increased ~prayerful interest in vocations to
the religious life.
W My A FEW of us would do that, we are sure
Sister Rita Berchmans will rest in peace. And that Is
our prayer for her-oAF
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-12-23

In closing the 14th SEES
sion of the U.N. General
Assembly last December,
President Belaunde re-
ferred to "this time of
Christmas which God wished
to be a time of joy and hope
for all men and all peoples"
THIS cHRi the
newspapers don't seem to give
lis much reason for joy or
hope. Reading the daily pa
pers about the chaos in the
Congo, the troubles in Algeria
and the riots, rebellions and
revolutions eyeryw h we
conclude the world is in as
much of a mess as ever. The
more it changes, the more it
remains a mess.
All of which prompts a
thoughtful person to ask il the
world would have been any
different if Christ had not
been born. What has Christ
contributed to history?
Is this feuding, scheming,
murderous, adulterous race of
human beings any better or
worse for His having been
born at Bethlehem? Or would
it be better for mankind to
forget Christmas and all it
means and crawl back into
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-12-23

tains that 'sthe retreat of the
public power before the ex-
pansion of private govern
ments has been particularly
patent when it has failed to
perform its most elemental
function: to defend the pub
lie interest - and more par
ticularly the public peace
against the war, industrial or
physical, of private govern
mentS." In this connection, he
refers specifically to the 1859
steel strike.
A COMMITTEE of the Ma.
tional Council of Churches re-
Gently made substantially the
same point in a report on the
1859 steel strike entitled In
Search Of Maturity in Indus
trial Relations - Some Long.
Range implications Of the
I959-lo60 Dispute in The Steel
Industry. "The most difficult
ethical problem posed by the
steel dispute" the authors
conclude, lis that of the re-
sponsible use of power
The facts about the exercise
of economic power are such
that, in the general public in
terest, the degree of RESPONSE
bility of leaders of economic
power groups increases in
proportion to the effect upon
the public of their decisions
and actions.
In the case of this dispute
in the steel industry we feel
the degree of foresight, imagi-
nation and basic desire to
reach an agreement in har-
mony with the public interest.
in a word - craftsmanship -
Continued on Page Sd
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-12-23
Making Marriage Click
Christmas Let You Down?
Try This For Preparation
by Msgr. Irving A. DeBlanc

home is q very laudable ore.
All the figures in the crib,
however, should not be placed
at one time. They should grad
ually appear in accordance
with the sequence of events
found in the gospel. The
whole family should take part
in this project and devotion.
There is a new consollng
emphasis; Christ is again more
often being placed In the
central spot. He is still, how
ever, often replaced by a sec
ular Santa Claus whose only
connection with the original
Saint Nicholas is his garbled
name.
CHRISTMAS POINTS to
wards heaven, our true home.
and indirectly to the greatest
feast day of the liturgical
year: Easter, though is gen.
orally less celebrated than
Christmas. Christmas antici.
pates the happiness of the
redemption and the joy OF the
Resurrection which are asSo~
ciated with Easter.
To emphasize the true splr-
it of Christmas the whole fam
lily should attend the same
Mass on that day and, where
possible, receive Holy Com
munion together. Family I'M
ity should be stressed on this
day. Parents should be as
completely as possible at the
disposal of their children.
Children should be encouraged
to remain home that day.
PARENTS SHOULD enjoy
the toys and gifts exchanged
Continued on Page 50
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-12-23
CHRISTMAS HAS TO

Much is being written
nowadays on our nation
al purpose" And the
more that is written, the
more apparent it becomes
that there is no general agree
ment as to what our national
purpose is or ought to be. Z,
ONE SCHOOL of thought
says that our only purpose
is the enhancement of indi-
vidual liberty and opportuni-
ty. The best statement of this
purpose, we are told, is to be
found in the Declaration OF
independence.
Ours is not to try to inn
prove upon this immortal dec
ument but simply to keep
faith with the ideals express
ed therein. To do this, it is
said, we shall have to exercise
eternal vigilance against the
encroachments of the state.
Another school of thought,
however, says that our nation
al purpose needs to be clari-
fled, if not REDEEMED. Spokes-
man for this point of view are
second to none in their devo-
ton to the cause of individual
freedom and in their opposi-
ton to every form of statism.
They believe, however, that
while too much government is
a curse, too little govern
ment can also be dangerous
to the cause of freedom.
PROFESSOR HANS Nor
genthau is a representative
spokesman of this second
school. His recent book, The
Purpose Of American Politics
(Alfred A. Knopf, New York,
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-12-23
Inquiry Corner
Why Parish
Advent Parties?
bv FIR. HeaIey

@. II Advent is not q tims
for parties, etc, why are so
many held by parish organize
sions? Ny Protestant friends
like 10 needle me with this
question:
A. The Most Reverend Clar-
ence G. lssenmann, Bishop of
Columbus, stated the Chris
tian position las quoted in the
Catholic Times November
25th): Even less in keeping
with the penltential spirit of
Advent is the social celebra-
ton of Christmas in advance
of the Feast itself The
observance Of the coming of
Christ is fittingly observed
from Christmas to Epiphany.
The keeping of the twelve
days of Christmas is a daily
reminder TO us of the honor
we owe to the Infant Messiah"
There are many customs
which miss or violate the spir-
il of the Christian year, Some
Of these customs are rooted
solidly in individuals. in
homes and even in parish or
CARNATIONS.
THEY ARE NOT deliberate
violations, and sometimes
there may be some practical
considerations leg. a Christ
mas party in school would be
difficult to arrange after
Christmas, although some
schools have an exchange of
presents, etc, as an Epiphany
celebration). This is not a mat
ter of serious sin lin fact, it
would not ordinarily be a mat
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-12-23
saS% RI
The Child Jesus

Over the traditional spot of the birthplace of
Christ in Bethlehem stands the church of ST. Mary of
the Nativity.
n BUILDING Is substantially the work of Con-
stantIne the Great in the year $50 with later modifi-
cations by the Emperor Justinian in the sixth century
and additions demanded by the exigences of time.
Underneath the church proper is the grotto of
the Nativity. The chapel there is cave-like and light
ed by lamps of oil AT the eastern end, near the Chapel
of the crib, is a silver star with the inscription. 'Hic
do Virgine Maria Jesus Christ natus set"
NEEDLESS TO SAY, this shrine, one of the most
hallowed in the Holy Land, has been a popular spot
for pilgrims for centuries. A visit there brings home
cerned only with the birth of Christ and that every
mas rs secondary.
The message Of Christmas then cannot be ex-
pressed more aptly than in the words Of the angel to
the shepherds: For today in the town of David a
Savior has been born to you, who is Christ the Lord.
And this shall be asign to you: you will find an infant
wrapped in s~waddling clothes and lying in a manger."
THE FAcADE or THE Church of the Nativity in
Bethlehem is strange in that entrance is gained into
the building only by way of one low door. Historically
this was done to keep horsemen from bringing their
mounts into church.
But those in Bethlehem tell you the doorway is
low in order to make you Stoop to go in, thereby for
cling you to become smaller.
WAS TT NOT the Christ Child himself who gave
us the example of humility by the circumstances sur
rounding His birth? And was il not the adult Lord who
told us further that we should turn and become like
little children for of such is the kingdom of heav.
en!-GAF
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-12-23

during the last century SO
often proposed for the wei
fare of the people has come
TO be very much like Caesars
welfare of the state versus
the people, for whom the
state exists, while without the
people, state existence is i'm.
possible.
FOR OVER so YEARS the
encyclicals of Pope Leo XIII
ring true and clear, while ex-
cruciating poverty increases
and multi-billions are expend-
ed upon the instruments of
destruction.
Pope Leo made a telling
statement In Rerum Novarum,
where he defined socialism as
the destruction of existing
wealth, with the promise of
creating more, which too Oft
en-. leaves the working people
worse off than before. Thus,
urban development ct cetera.
Our national ills are clearly
outlined in the five Great
encyclicals, in detail covering
all the ills, we grippe about in
our times (eyen in the Catho-
lie Tines.
POPE JOHN SAID recent
ly Il can think of nothing
worse than for a father to be
without work to support his
family"
Right here in Ohio the cry
swells up, there is no money
to care for our own"
We sing the praise of our
land of the free and the home
of the brave but today we have
the largest national debt of
any nation In the world.
Why?
THE ANSWER ONCE again
Is stated by Pope Leo, who
said many years ago, "They
who control money, the value
thereof; and of credit, there
by also control the Likelihood
of the nation"
When this power is in the
hand of a few men in high
places, the result is that the
citizens are often denied serv-
ices to which they are EMIT
led.
What will we do about it?
J. S. POWER, SR.
Columbus