davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-06-02

Alert Was Essential
Gates Tells Senators
INQUIRY
Continued From First Page

Continued From First Page
U-2 flights in view Of the ap-
preaching summit conference.
2. He has no knowledge of
any suspension of the U-2
flights at any previous time,
such as during the Khrushchev
visit to the United States.
8. He and other top officials
approved of the decision to
have President Eisenhower
take responsibility for the U-2
flights.
Regarding the May Is mil
itary alert, Mr.. Gates sale
it was a communications alert
designed to make certain that
II subsequent developments
made necessary a higher state
Of readiness, such action could
be taken promptly and con-
vincingly."
Mr.. Gates took full re-
sponsibility for the order and
said:
II consider the order proper
and absolutely essential. Ir
similar circumstances 1 would
take exactly the same action.
Timing Of Alert Questioned
Some administration critics
have questioned the timing OF
the alert order. They said the
U-2 spy plane incident already
had made it dubious whether
the conference would be held
They added the alert only
complicated the situation.
The defense chief said the
order did not recall any mill
tary personnel from leave. and
there was no movement of
forces involved. But he said
that under the circumstances
1t seemed most prudent to me
to increase the awareness of
our unified commanders"
Moreover" he continued
since the command and in
dividuals concerned in the de-
cision process, including the
President, the Secretary OF
State and myself, were over
seas, it was important to check
out our military communica
tions. At about midnight
Paris time, Sunday night, ]
requested that a quiet increase
IN command readiness, particu-
larly with respect to communi-
cations, be instituted without
public notice, if possible"
FOresaw Summit Collapse
Mr.. Gates said, I'VE were
already aware of the sense of
the statement which Mr.,
Khrushchev was going to make
the following morning. The
conditions which he had set
for his participation in the
conference made it apparent
even at the time that he de-
liberately intended to wreck
the conference"
Mr.. Gates said that while
some commands went further
than he had anticipated in exc
cutting the alert instructions,
he still considered the order
proper and essential.
On the decision to disclose
the true purpose of the U-2
flights, Secretary Gates said
that in the National Security
Council meeting on May 5, he
took the position that "the
prestige of the presidency
should not be involved in an
international lie. particularly
when it would not stand up
with respect to the facts"
The Defense chief said he
felt that if Mr.. Khrushchev
had the plane and the pilot
alive, he thought the President
should assert the true story,
which he did.
He testified that he believes
Mr.. Khrushchev told the truth
Evening star., 1960-06-02
Chilean Survivors Tell
Of Quake in Port City
BY HAYNES JOHNSON
star star writer

PUERTO MONTT, Chile.-Terese Alvarado and Comdr.
Carlos G. MacKenny live in different sections this seaport
city in Southern Chile Except for thing they
little in But both know what it is like to live
through earthquake.
Mrs Alvarado 63 is poor and had little education
Evening star., 1960-06-02

WtACA lic odlQ Il6 KNEW dDOul
the U-2 flights prior to May
when one of the planes was
brought down.
Briefed on April Flight
Senator Fulbright-If he
knew about it, why did the
incidents of May / compromise
the flights, why should they be
discontinued?
Secretary Gates-"Well,
don't believe he knew the exact
type and character of the
flights. He probably-all he
knew was that they were air.
craft high above his sky"
Mr.. Gates said he had beer
bbriefed by a CIA representative
on an April 9 U-2 flight over
Russia. He added he was in
formed at that time of the pro-
gram of possible future flights
and had approved it.
Was anything said at that
time about a moratorium "a
suspension of fights in view
OF the summit tonference?'
Senator Fulbright asked.
mo, sir" Mr.. Gates replied
He said in response to another
question that he was perfectly
certain" that the Secretary OF
state was advised of the pro-
gram.
No Other Suspensions
Senator Fulbright asked if
there had been any suspension
OF flights because of scheduled
international meetings. Mr.
Gates said he didn't know of
any suspensions.
@. There was no suspension
to your knowledge when the
Camp David meeting took
place?
A. No. sir.
@. Nor was there any sus-
pension, so far as you know
during the period in which
khruShchev visited the United
States?
A. I don't know of any sus.
pension. l don't know precisely
whether during that period we
flew any flights
@. No, but I mean you didn't
discuss the question.
A. I didn't discuss the uues-
ton of suspension of flights
no sir.
Q. Since you never consid-
cred it. then you had no posi-
ton relative to the continua-
ton, did you?
A. I approved this program
so I took a position affirma-
lively.
Mr.. Gates said the De-
fense Department gave tech
nical advice to the U-2 project
but no military aircraft or per-
sonnel took part in the flights
Explaining how the U-2 pro-
gram came into being and op-
Grated he said:
From time to time, the di-
rector of the CIA, after obtain
ing the concurrence of the Sec
retary of Defense and the Sec
retary Of State, recommended
a series of programs to the
President. More specifically, !
reviewed program proposals
embracing several priority mis-
sions. one or more of which it
was proposed to execute in the
near future"
Inquiry Due to End
The appearance Of Mr.. Gates
was expected to wind up the
committees closed inquiry into
what part the U-2 spy plane
incident played in the collapse
.of the summit conference.
AS the hearings drew toward
a close Senator Fulbright said
the belief he held at the out
set that the State Department
Evening star., 1960-04-03
Hardy Will Seek
9th Term in House

NORFOLK, Va, April 2 (AP)
Representative Hardy, DEM
ocrat of Virginia, yesterday
filed petitions of candidacy for
reelection to the Second Con-
gressional district seat he now
holds.
The petitions went to Second
District Chairman Edward l.
Breeden, jr., of Norfolk. Rep
resentative Hardy is not ex-
pected to be challenged in the
July IL primary and will be
declared the party nominee II
there are no surprise filings by
the April 13 deadline.
The formal reelection bid
by Representative Hardy is for
an eighth two-year term. He
was first elected in 1856.
Evening star., 1960-04-03

Those who agreed frequently
mentioned the cost of the con-
ventions and characterized il
as waste. If they have all that
money to spend. they ought to
give it to a crippled child OF
something" ;" said a Virginia do
mestic The money could be
used for the Heart Fund" said
a Texas insurance salesman.
Others expressed scepticism
of the conventions themselves
What goes on at the con-
vention is merely to impress
the public" said a Maryland
electronicS engineer. Nothing
is done that wasn't decided be-
Evening star., 1960-04-03
Truman Would Favor
Nationwide Primorv

been the only major candidate
to take up this challenge. SEN
ator Morse, Democrat of Ore
gon also has entered prima-
ries. including Maryland's May
II balloting where he will op-
pose Senator Kennedy.
Senators johnson. Democrat
of Texas and Symington, DEM
ocrat of Missouri. have avoided
the primaries, as has Adlai E.
Stevenson, twice the party
nominee.
Mr.. Truman said the prima =
rieS in the Is States and the
District of Columbia have mo
effect on the conventions as
they meet"
Nov if we had a national
primary, the expense of which
would be paid by the Govern
ment of the United States, then
I'd be for it," he said. But
presidential primaries as they
now are set up are nothing but
eyewash."
Evening star., 1960-04-03

ther pathetic. but the fault is
our own. Too few take enough
interest in politics. I hope our
children do better job"
OF those who disagreed.
many said the conventions TO
cused attention on the issues
OF the election and helped
the public gain more informa-
tion about the candidates.
ITS the freedom way of
America to say what you think
regardless of how ridiculous it
Is. And it's very important in
the selection of the candi-
Evening star., 1960-04-03
By the Associated Press

Former President Truman
said yesterday he would favor
a national presidential primary
if the Government paid for it.
But as for the kind of pri-
mary election that will be held
in Wisconsin Tuesday, Mr..
Truman said he still thinks.
as he did in 1852, that the re-
suits are just "eyewash." They
are no good" he said. They're
just a waste of time"
Senator Kefauver, Democrat
of Tennessee, appearing with
Mr.. Truman on a television
program taped by Senator Hart
for Michigan stations, stuck
up for the primaries. 1t was
after Senator Kefauver's 1852
victory over him in the New
Hampshire primary that Mr..
Truman first labeled such con-
tests "eyewash."
Senator Kefauver said that
even though he couldn't win
the party's presidential nomi-
nation through his primary
victories, he thinks such ex-
pressions of the voters opinions
are worthwhile.
In what might be a signif1-
cant glimpse of his views on
the campaigns of presidential
hopefuls, Mr.. Truman said if
a candidate wants to get
nominated he shouldn't enter
the primaries.
Senator Kennedy, Democrat
of Massachusetts,, one of the
leading candidates for the party
nomination, has advanced the
theme that any man who as
pires to the nomination ought
to be willing to test out his
popularity in the primaries.
Senator Humphrey, Demo-
crat of Minnesota, contesting
Senator Kennedy in Tuesdays
Wisconsin voting and later in
the West Virginia primary, has
Evening star., 1960-04-03
WHAT AMERICA THINKS
Conventions Called
Expensive Circus

NEW YORK, April 3.-The
American public heartily agrees
with Adlai Stevenson that the
presidential nominating con-
ventions and the preliminaries
have become IAN expensive cir
GUS" this weeks What Amer
ica Thinks" poll shows.
A coast-to-coast cross sec
ton of Americans was asked:
A leading political figure re-
Gently stated that the presiden-
tial nominating conventions
and the period leading up to
them have become an expensive
circus. Do you agree or dis
agree?"
Mr.. Stevenson's name was
omitted from the question.
The answers, in percentages.
were:
Evening star., 1960-04-03

forehand," declared an lows
executive salesman.
Too many politicians pock-
cts are being lined with all the
money floating around at this
time" said a Nebraska teacher
People who run the conven-
ton have been in Washington
so long they have forgotten
what they were sent there for, -
said the president of a Texas
supply house.
Its a necessary circus" said
the wife of a Colorado public
relations executive, Its ra-
Evening star., 1960-04-03

dates" said the wife of a Mary
land marine estimator. Its the
American way of life and it
makes politics more interest
ing" said a retired New Eng
lander.
1T must be done to keep the
public informed" said a Long
Island salesman. Everyone has
a right to his opinion and an
opportunity to sell his product"
said the wife of a Missouri
electrical engineer.
Milford chronicle., 1960-04-29
Square Dance
Time

Who says hospitality exists only
in the South? The Chester, Pa,
Y-Knots really went about to
entertain us this past Friday night
when they had as their guests, a.
long with the Diamond State Twirl-
ers, the Calico Squares, the Key
stone Callers Glass and the Lions
Club Glass.
Bill Damn and Frank Ritter; the
regular Y-Kots club callers, turn
ed out their usual fine job; and
Lee Billow, our club caller, guest
called one tip that kept everyone
on his toes. On the last dance. all
three callers passed the mike and
wound up the evening with a real
hum-dinger.
From the Diamond state Twirl-
ers, along with Lee and Kate Bill
low who drove up from Annapolis,
were the Ed Burlingames, Charlie
Carriers. Jack Dickersons, Doug
Frys. Jim Hudsons, Wayne Klines,
Ken Lamberts, Whitley Morgans,
Dewey Sapps, Bill Thompsons, Hal
lett Vineyards and the Jim Wellers.
A few restaurants In the Whining
ton area did a nice late evening
business when our appetites caught
up with US on the way home.
Don't forget the tape and record
dance this Saturday, April 80, $3.50
p. m. at the Bowling Lanes.
And next Saturday, May z, is reg
ular Club night. Same time, same
place. Refreshments committee for
the night, Thompsons, Vinyards
and the Webbs.
Milford chronicle., 1960-04-29
MiLLIUOOd Home
Demonstration Club


wildwood Home Demonstration
Club held our regular April meet
ing in Millwood Hall, a good at
tendance was present to learn
Landscaping from our leader train
ers.
Dorothy Argo and Mary KINNEY
gave us a lot of nice hints to make
our yards more attractive. Helen
Lynn, our president, conducted the
business In order, pennies were
collected for Friendship, and a dom
alton was given to Cancer Fund.
Nettie Jester, our Art Leader
trainer, will teach us to make sofa
pillows one day in May. The date
to be announced later. We do not
have a regular meeting in May, as
State Gay is on May 4th in Dover
Grange Hall from 1913 with speak
er and lunch in dining room of
Grange Hall
May Group Meeting will be held
in Dover Baptist Church in the
afternoon of May 10 with Oak
Grove Club as hostess. May our
members plan to attend.
Milford chronicle., 1960-04-29
OVERLOOK
Mrs. Howard MiIlmaR
Phone Lewes SS92

Services at Whites Chapel Sun
day, May /:
Sunday School at 9:45 a. m.
Glass meeting at 1O:45 a. m.
Mrs. Minnie Davidson, a patient
at the Milford Memorial Hospital,
where she had surgery on an eye
is doing fine and expected to be
home on Thursday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Marshall Wiley
and family, Mr.. and Mrs. Willard
Ellingsworth and son were dinner
guests of their parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. Roy Ellingsworth on Sun
day.
Mr.. and Mrs. Clifton Conaway
spent the weekend with her par
ents, near Wilmington.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harvey Lofiand
called on Mr.. and Mrs. Freddie
Chappell on Sunday evening.
Callers on Mr.. and Mrs. Thomas
Mitchell Sunday afternoon were
Mr.. and Mrs. Virden Baynum and
Milford chronicle., 1960-04-29

daughter Nancy Jane. Mrs. Ettta
Baynum and son Edward and Mr..
and Mrs. George Ziegler of Har-
risburg, Pa.
Mr.. and Mrs. Howard E. Mill
man, Sr., Mr. and Mrs. Arthur
Campbell and Mrs. Catherine Da-
wilson, visited Mrs. Minnie David
Milford chronicle., 1960-04-29

ity attended the supper at Harbe-
son on Saturday evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. Enoch Millman and
the Foster family were Monday
evening visitors of Mr.. and Mrs.
Edward r. p MilIman.
Mr. and Mrs. John Warrington
of Harrington and family were
Milford chronicle., 1960-04-29

dinner guests of his mother and
family, Mrs. Mary Warrington. on
Sunday.
Mrs. Dorothy Hitch and mother,
Mrs Arthur Campbell were Milton
visitors on Monday afternoon.
Rev. and Mrs. Herschel Bragg
and daughter of Chattanooga, Ten
Milford chronicle., 1960-04-29

son, a patient at the Milford Mem
orial Hospital. She underwent
surgery on Wednesday.
Callers of Mr.. and Mrs. Arthur
Campbell on Monday evening were
Mr.. and Mrs. Ben NAPLES of Har-
beson.
Several people of this commun-
Milford chronicle., 1960-04-29

In the two years following the
removal of World War II price
controls in 1916, the cost of living
increased more than 80 per cent.
Iguassu Falls. higher and wider
than Niagara, is on the Iguassu
River separating Brazil and Ar
gentina.
Milford chronicle., 1960-04-29

nessee. spent the weekend with
Mr.. and Mrs. Ralph Mincy.
Miss Mary Virginia Davidson.
Miss Mary R. Vincent. Miss Sara
Vincent spent the weekend with
their parents. also Miss Phyllis
Millman spent the weekend with
her parents.
Milford chronicle., 1960-04-29

Mark Twain rephrased it this
way. The lack of money is the
root, of all evil"
Milford chronicle., 1960-04-29

Services at Whites Chapel sun
day, May 1:
Evening star., 1960-09-15
Britannica Faces
Charge by FTC
BY the Associated Press

A Federal Trade Commission
examiner said today that
Encyclopedias Britannica, Inc,
Chicago, has been making false
claims to sell it's books. He
recommended they be stopped.
The case now goes to the full
commission which may adopt,
reject or amend the findings of
Examiner John B. Poindexter.
Mr.. Poindexter held that
Britannica salesmen claimed to
offer bargain prices which, in
fact, were regular retail prices.
In addition, the examiner said,
the com pany deceptively
claimed that certain offers
were available for a limited
time whereas actually they
were regularly available.
Evening star., 1960-09-15
BY the Associated Press


Vice President Nixon makes
his first campaign swing into
Virginia tonight, with a crowd
of up to 10000 predicted for
the Republican nominees
speech in Roanoke's Victory
Stadium.
Mr.. Nixon will be accom-
panied by his wife, Secretary
of the Interior Seaton, and
Helen Hayes, the actress.
The Vice President will give
what he called a major address
supporting civil rights as
they relate "to the extension
Of peace through freedom
throughout the world"
Almond Won't Attend
One Virginian who won't be
in the stadium tonight is Gov.
j. Lindsay Almond. jr. The
Governor yesterday rejected an
offer by 9Th District Represent
ative Poff, q Republican, and
Glen D. Johnston, chairman
of the Roanoke Democrats fol
Nixon-Lodge, to sit on the plat
form with Mr.. Nixon.
"They realize, of course, that
7 am a Democrat for Demo
crats," Gov. Almond said. He
said the situation would be
different" if Mr.. NiXon's visit
were in his capacity as Vice
President and not as a presi-
Dental candidate.
The slow-moving Democratic
Evening star., 1960-09-15
Roanoke to Hear Nixon
On CiviIRights 7 onight

campaign in Virginia is picking
up speed. State Campaign
Chairman William C. Battle
last night said the single
proper issue in the presidential
campaign is foreign affairs.
Cites U. S. Losses
Speaking before 100 young
Democrats at a picnic in New
Kent County, Mr.. Battle said
only Mr.. Nixon could deny that
the United States has fallen
from its position as the world
leader. He said the United
States has suffered one diplo-
matte defeat after another
during the Republican admin
istration.
State Senator Charles R.
Fenwick of Arlington urged
Virginians to "think twice be-
fore they follow the snare and
delusion of the Republican
Party" Senator Fenwick said
the South can expect little or
no consideration" from another
Republican administration.
And a visiting Democrat,
Franklin D. Roosevelt, jr.,
yesterday said at williamsburg
that he found it hard to under
stand why Virginia's Senator
Harry F. Byrd "sits on his
apples" with regard to his
presidential preference.
Mr.. Roosevelt said the Ken
nedy-Johnson ticket would win
in Virginia and in the rest OF
the South.
Evening star., 1960-09-15
Subs Skipper Says
Polar Trip Was Easy

ploration," Rear Admiral Roy
S. Benson. Pacific Fleet sub
marine commander. told the
95 men aboard the sub after
arrival here yesterday.
The submarine left Ports
mouth. N. H.. August /.
It Travelled under icebergs
six times during the trip,
Comdr. Steele said.
The sub arrived at the North
Pole August rs. From there 1t
sailed through the Bering
Strait-within a few miles of
Soviet territory - and headed
toward Nome, Alaska, and Pearl
Harbor.
Ninety per cent Of the voyage
was under water. .-
Evening star., 1960-09-15

no primaries of their own. But
the G. o. P. high command
urged Democrats to support
pledged electors as a matter of
principle and denied they would
gum up the works by voting for
a free slate.
Religion Involved
The arguments over the
issues also will include religion.
Gov. Vandiver, in a conference
with Senator Kennedy July IA
at the national convention in
Los Angeles, told the nominee
he faced trouble in Georgia
vete-getting because he is q
Catholic.
Baptists and Methodists hold
a tremendous numerical ma
jority over Catholics in Georgia.
Senator Russell and half Of
the States 10-member House
delegation won Democratic
nomination - tantamount to
election in Georgia-through
lack Of opposition.
OF the Congressman who
were opposed. Representative
Preston of the 1st district was
the only one in trouble. With
Is of the districts 1872 precincts
still unreported he led slightly
in popular votes but was be-
hind 24-20 in the all-ir1a-
portant county unit votes
which decide the nomination.
Landrum in Lead
Representative Landrum Of
the 9th district, co-author Of
the controversial Landrum-
Griffin labor bill. survived an
early popular vote disadvan-
tage to pull into a command
ing lead over former State
Senator Quill Sammon. While
81 of the districts 246 precincts
were still missing, Mr.. Landrum
had rolled up a popular vote
lead Of nearly 5000 votes and
was in front 34-6 in unit votes.
Mrs. Iris Bitch, first Georgia
woman elected to a full term in
Congress. jumped in front early
and held a commanding lead
over Ronald F. Adams Of Jesup
in the 9th. With 10 of 145 pre-
cincts out, she had a lead Of
more than 5000 in popular votes
and 40-4 in unit votes.
For the two Georgia con-
gressional seats being vacated
by incumbents, Robert G. Ste
phens, jr., of Athens over
whelmed five opponents in the
10th district and Superior Court
Judge John w. Davis of Som
merville outdistanced three op-
ponentS in the 7th.
Evening star., 1960-09-15

HONOLULU, Sept. IS (AP)
The skipper Of the nuclear
submarine Seadragon, which
forged a new S.800-mile north
west passage under the polar
ice. says 1t was as easy as driv-
ing down the street.
"It should be looked upon
as any other ocean," Comdr
George P. Steele II Of Wash
ington. D. c., said. "It's Just al
close, and even more secure
than going through the Pan
anna Canal"
The 26S-foot Seadragon wat
the first submarine to go from
the Atlantic to the Pacific un-
der the North Polar icecap
Three other Of the Navy's nu-
clear subs have passed from the
Pacific to the Atlantic by way
Of the North Pole.
Your successful investiga-
ton of a submarine route from
the Atlantic to the Pacific via
the Northwest Passage adds q
new dimension to Arctic ex-
Evening star., 1960-09-15

Democrats has been patched
up for the duration.
At a luncheon for Demo-
cratic women at the Commo-
dore, New York City's Mayor
Robert Wagner told the crowd
that "the only question is who
works hardest for the election
of Senator Kennedy"
Senator Kennedy is being
hard pressed in the Empire
State by the strenuous efforts
of its popular Governor, Nelson
A. Rockefeller. His old Massa-
chusetts rival, former u. N.
Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge,
is something of a matinee idol
because of his televised ex-
changes with the Soviets.
One of the problems has been
the somewhat Sulky attitude
of the Stevensonians, who are
reported to be coming around
slowly. The word was being
passed last night that Mr.. Ste
venson will campaign in Cali
fornia at the end of the month,
that he is ready to do battle on
the subject of Vice President
Nixon and also on the religious
issue.
Senator Kennedy assured the
Liberals last night he will be a
liberal President, that he re-
CARDS the Liberal Party in
dorsement mot as an honorary
degree but as a license to
preach the gospel of liberal
ism"
He told the crowd he believes
that liberalism is our best, our
only hope in the world today.
For the liberal society is a free
society-and it is at the same
time, a strong society,""
Heavy Applause
He said the party Of Nixon,
Dirksen and Goldwater is the
party of Hoover, Harding and
Coolidge" a line which drew
heavy applause.
"Some pundits say that 1860
is 1928 all over again." said
Senator Kennedy. II say it's
1882 all over again."
Mr.. Stevenson said in a 12-
minute speech during which he
was applauded at the rate of
once a minute that what the
campaign is all about is "langor
or leadership; stagnation or
strength; fear or faith-this
and the rebirth and revindica-
ton Of American power and
American purpose"
When it was over, several
Liberals pronounced themselves
impressed" with Senator Ken
nedy and ready to do or die
for the Democratic Liberal
ticket.
Don't ask me who I liked
best" said a lady to her friend.
"You know I think there's no
body like Stevenson. But I
thought Senator Kennedy was
terrific, too."