davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-02-15
Big Brother Goes Home

From Moscow'S standpoint, Soviet
Deputy Premier Mikoyan appears to
have enjoyed a successful mission to
Havana. Most tangible of his publicly
announced accomplishments, at least,
was the signing of a two-part CONNER
cial agreement by which the Soviet
Union will buy five million tons of Cuban
sugar over f1ve-year period and will
extend the Havana government SlOO
million in long-term, loW-intereSt credit
for purchase of Russian agricultural and
industrial machinery. In addition, he
left on the desk of Premier Castro an
open offer to sell military aircraft to
Cuba IF they ask us for them" and
assurance that Moscow will look favor
ably upon renewal of diplomatic rela-
tionS-broken off in whenever the
Castro regime feels the time is right.
And finally, Mr.. Mikoyan appears to
have played effectively the role of an
approving big brother" toward the
youthful but bearded bosses of Havana
and their revolutionary program
From Havana'S standpoint, a true
evaluation of these developments may
require further passage of time and
events. The sugar deal, for example,
approximately doubles Russias average
annual purchase of that commodity
from Cuba. Even so, the Russian COM
mitment amounts to less than one-third
of the more than three million tons an
nually which have been exported to the
United States, and at pound price Just
about half that paid by United States
importers. How good or bad other parts
of the package deal may be could de-
pend on what unpublicized strings, if
any, are attached to them. DR.. Castro
may yet find that there is fine print"
peril in becoming deeply involved, either
economically or militarily, with Mos
cows international politics.
AS far as possible effect on Cuban
American relations is concerned, this
too may require more time for testing.
Mr.. Mikoyan, perhaps with tongue In
cheek, expressed surprise at the Sugges-
tion he might be attempting to disturb
the intra-hemisphere relation at time
when his own government is trying
to improve relations with the United
States" A different inference might be
drawn, however, from the fact that
Premier Khrushchev decided about the
same time to talk about Latin America
before the Parliament of India. Soviet
SympathieS, Mr.. Khrushchev said, al
ways will be with such nations as Cuba
in their fight for national and eco
nomic independence" and the recapture
of their "looted wealth" during years of
Colonial bondage"
Whatever the final outcome of the
Soviet mission, it must be realized that
it represents major piece of fishing in
Western Hemisphere affairs There is
apt to be more before there is less.
Evening star., 1960-02-15
Not Mr.. Micowber

Governor Rockefeller has set good
example for more than a few other
States-and for the country as whole
in the 1901 budget he has drafted
for New York. Although it calls for
record d-breaking expenditures in excess
of So billion, it is pay-as-you-g pro-
gram whose anticipated tax revenues
promise slight surplus. Far from in
volving any bookkeeping magic, it is
based on simple common sense. Mr..
Micawber has had no part in drawing
it up, and it should prove to be a model
of its kind if only the politicians refrain
from tinkering with it.
But the eff" here is very big. Actu-
ally, the Governors budget has been
coolly received by members of his own
Republican Party in the State Legisla-
ture. Together with their Democratic
colleagues they seem to feel that there
is something basically wrong or fiscally
amoral in the idea of balancing outgo
and income in way that would leave
little left over for the States piggy bank.
And so they apparently plan to demand
more spending on this project and that,
and they are also said to be ready to
fight for generous lowering of taxes
all of which, of course, would reduce Mr..
Rockefeller's program to shambles and
constitute a triumph for Mr.. Micaw-
bers amusing but disastrous financial
philosophy.
Mr.. Rockefeller, however, as he has
proved in his first year of tenure as
Governor of New York State, is an ex-
ceptionally able advocate of sanity in
fiscal affairs, and he can be counted
upon to put up good fight for his
budget. The spenders and the tax-cut-
ters-Republican and Democratic alike
are likely to give him hard time, but
he has coped with them before, and he
has done we'll in every encounter. If he
does so again in the new battle now
shaping up in Albany, he will be adding
further to his stature, in the eyes of the
American people, as man of presiden-
tial timber-even though he has with
drawn from the 1860 race to leave the
field to Mr.. Nixon.
Evening star., 1960-02-15

ply. These statistics are
openly published in official
reports which are available
to any and all persons who
need them for one use or an
other. The information each
individual supplies is kept in
confidence as to identity, and
identities disappear into the
statistical tables that cannot
reveal private information
about any individual.
There is, it is true, in the
census law a penalty for re-
fusal to furnish information
officially requested by the
census takers. Such penalty
has been in the census law
from the first census in 1890
to the present day. This as
sures completeness of the
information which is COL
lected. 1t prevents a situation
which would leave the users
Of the statistics in the
dark, relieving them from
having to guess about condi-
tions when they must have
authentic data on which to
base important decisions.
A. w. Won Struve,
Public Information Officer,
Bureau of the Census.
Evening star., 1960-02-15
Bangs and Bucks

The administration says it
doesn't think an airborne
alert of the Strategic Air
Command, our main deter
rent of nuclear attack, is
necessary during the missile
gap unless there is a "crisis. "
This, Of course, might tempt
Russia to attack us without
a crisis, so called.
In any event let's hope that
our Governments ability to
discern a crisis is better than
it was in December, 1941.
Above all. let's not leave the
determination of a crisis up
to the Bureau of the Budget,
which, unfortunately, is hav-
ing more and more to say
on defense policy these days.
Apparently the Budget Bu-
reau's only idea of a crisis is
an unbalanced budget.
William r. Etheridge.
Evening star., 1960-02-15
More Time Needed

The Senate wisely has extended
until next September 80 the life of the
Joint Committee on Washington Metro
politan Problems, headed by Senator
Bible, Democrat of Nevada. We hope
that the House quickly concurs.
Several matters dealing with Wash
ington's regional development, on which
the committee has made recommended
tionS in the past, deserve further con-
sideration. BY all odds the most i'm
portant unfinished businesS-and the
primary reason for the eXtension-is the
committees submission of report on
transportation, which should accompany
the legislation now being drafted by the
Budget Bureau to establish Federal
transportation corporation to further
plan the areas proposed rapid transit
system. The extensive hearings con-
Quoted by the Bible committee on this
subject in November constituted the
most definitive investigation of the
transportation dilemma ever undertaken
here. The views of the committee,
therefore, will be of very real impor-
tance in Congress consideration of the
forthcoming legislation.
Similarly, the transportation legis-
lation will present to local officials and
civic leaders the greatest test of their
ability to act comparatively against re-
gional problems which cross political
Bible committee noted that Substantial
progress" has been made within the last
year in the development of sound area
wide plans for water supply, sewage
disposal and other public needs. A uni
fled attack against the shortcomings of
transportation, however, would virtually
guarantee pattern of effective political
machinery to be used in other fields as
we'll.
Evening star., 1960-02-15
Why Census ukers Are So Inouisitve

A letter signed Con-
cerned" asserts that the Gen.
sus Bureau is asking for an
swers to questions that "are
nobody's business but our
own" Obviously the letters
author is referring to the
1860 Census of Population
and Housing to be taken in
April. Here are some of the
questions the Census Bureau
gets from the users of CEN
sus statistics:
What is the average family
income? In each State? In
each city? In each county?
How well educated are we?
In each State, in each city,
in each county? How many
people in various occupa-
tions? Lawyers? Doctors?
Clergymen? Teachers? Engi-
neers? Nurses? Clerks? Wait
ers? Craftsmen? How many
married couples are there?
How many persons are di-
vorced? How many in each
age group are single? What
are the living standards in
various parts of the coun-
try. measured in terms of
automobile ownership, house
hold conveniences. quality of
housing? How many families
Evening star., 1960-02-15
Star Performer

Georgia'S Senator Russell undoubt-
edly is right when he says the preSSureS
of this election year will lend "the air
of political carnival or Roman circus"
to the civil rights battle scheduled to
start today in the Senate.
These preSSureS will bear down with
particular force on the presidential
hopefulS - always excepting Senator
Humphrey, who has burned his bridges
on the civil rights issue. AS for the others
Senator Kennedy, Senator Synington
and, most especially, Senator Lyndon
JohnSon-the preSsureS promise to be-
come harsh and even painful.
Senator Johnson must be billed as
the star performer in this circus" AS
Majority Leader, he will be expected to
steer through the Senate a meaningful
civil rights bill AS the presidential hope
full who is most dependent on Southern
support, however, he needs bill which
will not be so meaningful as to ALLEVIATE
the delegates who will be sent by the
Southern States to the Los Angeles con-
vention. Just how Senator Johnson will
manage this invites fascinating eXer-
else IN speculation. But no one should
sell him short. When it comes to skill
and deXterity on the political high wire,
the Senator from Texas, as they say on
the floor, need yield to no man.
AS for the Southern Senators, they
can deride the forthcoming battle as a
Roman circus if they wish to do so. If
they are men of wisdom, however, they
will face the fact that civil rights bill
N all probability is going to be passed
this year. For the Democrats cannot
afford to let the Republicans grab this
ball and run off with it. The real ques-
ton is not whether but what kind Of
bill will be adopted. 1t seems to us that
the SouthernerS would be we'll advised
to stop sniping, and to throw their sup
port behind a measure that will be effec-
tive in the civil rights field, but which,
at the same time, will not be loaded with
political BOBBY traps.
Evening star., 1960-02-15

You are destroying my
faith in the Navy. A few
days ago I noticed in the
Buz Sawyer comic strip that
Admiral Peppercorn invited
Buz to dinner at 080O. Is old
Peppercorn trying to turn
the Navy upside down, or is
he just doing last things
first? Personally, I don't
think it's a good idea to
start off the day with a
couple of predinner cock
tails and a heavy meal.
Angus Sinclair.
Editors Note: Possibly
Cartoonist Roy Crane erred
on the hour 10000" but since
Admiral Peppercorn is eccen-
trio enough to order Intelli-
gence Ace Sawyer to track
down his missing cat, it is
not inconceivable that he
might also flout the services
yardarm tradition.)
Evening star., 1960-02-15

by the history Of a similar
law in Detroit, Mich, Madi-
son, Wis, or the State of
Louisiana. Wherever we
have checked we find that
the revenue from the law by
issuance of licenses and per-
mitS fully supports admins
tration of the law.
The position of the Com
missioners is even more con-
fusing when you consider the
rapidity of their procedure in
promulgating regulations for
used-car dealers, and draft
ing legislation for regulating
finance companies.
Hyman NuSSbaum,
Attorney for TV Association
of Metropolitan Washing
ton.
Evening star., 1960-02-15
Moral Standards

We think that the men,
bers of the House Subcom-
mittee on Postal Operations
deserve public thanks for
attempts they are making to
raise the moral tone of
movies, movie advertising,
books, and magazines. The
standards presently main
tanned by many of the movie
and publishing interests seri-
ously undermine the sound
moral values Of the majority
Of American families.
Parents wage a losing battle
to instill high principles in
their children unless the mass
communication media support
the teaching of such prin-
ciples - or, at least, refrain
from attacking the time
honored principles of sexual
decency, honesty and justice
so long associated with our
American way Of life. Access
to movies, television, and
even the neighborhood drug
store magazine rack is, in
many cases, beyond the con-
troll Of the majority of urban
parents. Under such circum-
stances, it is vital to the
public welfare that movie
and publishing industries
bear the responsibilities COM
mensurate with the great
privileges they enjoy.
II these responsibilities
must be enunciated through
Federal legislation, we are
sure that such legislation will
be overwhelmingly Endorsed
by all conscientious American
parents.
Rev. Charles E. Beahm,
Free Methodist Church.
Lemon Moses,
President, the Benning Ridge
Civic Association.
William Lindsay,
President, Parent Teacher
Association, Sousa Junior
High School.
Clarence Eldridge,
President, the Fathers Club,
Our Lady Queen of Peace
School.
Evening star., 1960-02-15
For Touqh Policy

What has happened to our
foreign policy? 1t seems that
since the loss of Secretary
Dulles, and without his able
and unrelenting and nom
appeasement policy by which
we had control of the foreign
situation and certainly had
the fear and respect of Rus
sia, we have done an about
face. And is the cold war any
less cold? No! 1t seems to me
that Russia is still making
demands.
Let's stop this appeasement
policy and maintain our self
respect and the respect of
other nations who are fight
ing communism.
Jewell A. DowdaIl
Evening star., 1960-02-15
Contented Commuter

In spite of all the incon-
Venient and undesirable
features of buses, I think
they have much more in
their favor than do street.
cars. Foremost in my mind
Is their ability to detour
very quickly around acci-
dents, fires and other traffic
obstacles in order to remain
on schedule.
On a number of occasions
I have seen as many as 20
streetcars rendered COM
pletely motionless by fire
hoses crossing their tracks,
or by a collision at an inter-
section. Buses. on the other
hand, easily detour around
such happenings.
Also, since streetcar plat
forms, admittedly dangerous
obstacles to safety, have
been removed from Pennsyl-
vania avenue and from
Seventh street, traffic flow
has been improved immeas-
urably. In my judgment,
conditions will improve even
more when the treacherous
tracks are either paved over
or removed altogether.
Those who contend that
streetcars are much more
comfortable than buses
would do we'll to look ahead
to Washington'S seething
summers when, If present
conditions are any indica-
ton, they will ride very COM
fortably In new air-condi-
toned vehicles.
Kirk Wrinkle.
Evening star., 1960-02-15
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Exploring Ocean Bottom at 3.5MiIes
By THOMAS R. HENRY

A weird world is the deep
sea bottom.
1t now is being observed
by humans at close hand for
the first time in descentS of
the Navy bathyscaphe Tri-
este to depths of more than
three miles off the Marianas
in the South Pacific. The
Marianas Trench is one of
the deepest places in the
oceans. The dives are sched-
uled to continue for the next
three months.
The unique experience is
described in a report to the
Office of Naval Research
by DR.. Andrew Rechnitzer.
naval scientist in charge of
the work, who is accom-
panied on the dives by DR..
Jacques Picard, son of the
bathyscaphe inventor.
With one lone pilot fish
following curiously," DR..
Rechnitzer reports, the
blimp- shaped vessel settled
slowly at an average of one
mile an hour.
After 1000 feet the sea
darkened to midnight black,
but at 1900 feet the pre-
nomenon of bioluminescence
that is, the light of lumi-
nous deep-Sea animals-gave
the illusion of a starry night.
At 5000 feet this biolumi-
nescence dwindled and once
again it was black"
Went 3.5 Miles Down
At exactly 3.5 miles from
the surface, almost a full
mile below any depth pre-
viously reached by an OCEAN
ographer, the bottom was
surveyed for about 10 min
uteS. No fish were observed
only shrimp and numer-
Gus small holes of burrow-
ing animals Of some sort in
the bottom ooze.
1T was" reports DR.. Rech-
nitzer, "a great sensation,
coming face to face with the
bottom of the ocean. We left
the attending vessel bobbing
on the rough surface as we
descended untethered and
alone into the eerie calm
below. At the surface the
sun-lit water appeared as an
electrifying blue through the
eight-inch-t thick plastic win
dows. Numerous tiny green
ish-white lights surrounded
us.
Dropping ballast to slow
our descent for landing on
the bottom created billoWs of
underwater dust which
temporarily obscured details
Of the sea floor"
A biting temperature of ~
F inside the sphere was the
major physical discomfort
endured by the two men,
despite the fact that they
were confined for more than
five hours in a space equal
Evening star., 1960-02-15

to that Of a normal house.
hold refrigerator. BY the
time they reached the bot
tom the 36-degree tempera-
ture outside had penetrated
the thick walls of the bathy-
scaphe. This was especially
annoying because the two
men had become wet from
the waist down while board
ing the craft in rough water.
Some of the sea-bottom
data being sought involves
more knowledge of the PEN
etration of sunlight into
ocean water. natural under
water sounds. temperatures,
and floor confgurations.
AS DR.. Rechnitzer says:
I'VE probably know more
about the surface of the
moon than about the bot
tom Of the ocean. This ex-
ploration undoubtedly will
bring to light many myster-
les of the deep yet unknown
to mankind"
Future submarines will
have "built-in silence"
A new nuclear-powered sub
now is under construction at
the Navy shipyard at Ports
mouth, N. H, which will move
through the sea depths
almost completely without
sound. In the past submarines
have been rather noisy craft.
Now an envelope Of
silence" has become essential.
The new undersea ship will be
almost impossible to detect
by enemy sonar apparatus.
the present chief means of
location. Sound is the most
important ingredient in sonar
apparatus, known to be very
we'll developed by potential
foes. 1t makes possible precise
pin-pointing for destruction
by depth bombs or other
means.
Will Make Subs Safer
A chief factor in the built
in silence" according to the
Navy announcement, will be
machinery with less vibra-
ton, which also minimizes
wear and tear and provides
better dynamic balance.
Many of the new concepts
were CeSted When a conVen-
tional sub was overhauled at
the Portsmouth yard about a
year ago and they have been
demonstrated to be sound in
practice.
The armor Of silence is ex-
pected to render sub service
much less perilouS in the
future, besides greatly reduc-
ing costs of repair and re-
placement. The enormous
forces involved in nuclear
propulsion might soon seri-
ously damage any craft Of
conventional IAe.--
Evening star., 1960-02-15
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES E. TRACEWELL

The crowd was waiting for
a bus. The young people in
it were laughing and joking.
One boy pointed to a red
haired fellow of about 18
years.
Hes a chauvinist," he de-
clared.
Temp Jones, who happened
to be standing there, spoke
up without invitation.
Hes not chauvinist." he
grinned, "he's a showoff."
The boy did not let on that
he had heard him, so Jones
said nothing more.
He got to thinking about
that word, "chauvinist," pro-
nounced sho-vin-ist.
1t is supposed to be de-
rived from one Nicolas Chau-
vim, soldier under Napoleon.
Chauvin showed such exag-
gerated enthusiasm for the
great man that his name
came to be applied to any,
one who goes overheard for
the leader.
Even after BOnaparte fell,
old Chauvin went around
saying that the Emperor was
perfect and had never done
anything wrong.
Hence. our word chauvin-
ism or jingoism, as exagger-
ated patriotism is sometimes
called.
- 4 -
Cutting in on the conversa-
ton of other people is some
times a dangerous business.
Some resent it, others ac-
cept it without comment,
some begin to talk to you.
Listening to other persons
talk
That, perhaps, is the safest.
There is a world of inter-
est there.
Especially on buses, where
most persons just stare out
the window, the interested
listener finds something to
listen to.
The old ladies are perhaps
the worst, or the best, just
as you take it.
They go on and on, and if
there is a younger woman in
the group, she is often the
target.
She never does things quite
right, they indicate.
If she leaves the children
at home, she is a gadabout,
and if she stays home, then
she should get out more.
Y y
Men mostly talk about their
jobs.
They go over and over the
present situation at the
office.
The listener, from his ex-
perience, can make very good
estimates Of the takers from
their talk.
Other peoples problems
will seem scarcely worth
while, until one stops to think
that everybody's problems
are different.
Then he can enter into his
hearing with a good heart.
y
This is eavesdropping, per-
haps, but very natural
1t shows that one is in
terested in humanity.
Nothing that anyone can
say is without some interest.
although it may happen TO
be very small.
Temp Jones was on his bus
the other day, when his
Evening star., 1960-02-15
Who's Next?
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used If
letters carry Writers correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject to con-
denSdtion.
Evening star., 1960-02-15

@, How many German
planes were lost during the
Battle of Britain?-V. B.
A. The Royal Air Forces
official estimate of German
losses Compiled at the timeD
was 1888 aircraft. This esti-
mate covered the entire
period of the Battle Of
Britain from July 10 to Oc-
tober 81, 1910 (the battle
began in earnest on August
81. The actual number Of
German planes destroyed has
since been placed at 1,733
for this period. The Ger
mans, at the time, admitted
losing only 896 planes and
claimed the destruction of
3,058 British aircraft. Actual
British loss was 915 planes.
@. What is the name Of the
South American nut used for
making buttons?-C. P.
A. The tagua or vegetable
ivory nut, that grows in the
forests of Ecuador. The nuts,
about the size of a hens egg,
are sawed into fiat layers and
exported to button factories
where they are colored and
shaped.
@. Are termites ever blackP
H. C.
A. The sexual adults Cre-
productiveS) have brown or
black bodies, and two pairs Of
long, Whitish, Opaque wings.
These wings differ from those
Of true ants because both
pairs are of equal size. The
adult worker and soldier ter
mites are wingleSs, and gray.
ish white.
Evening star., 1960-02-15
Answers to Questions
By THE HASKINS SERVICE

A reader can get an answer, by
mail, TO any question of fact by
writing The Star Information Bu-
reau b35 F street NV. Washington
4. D. c. Please inclose return postage
or self-addressed stamped envelope.
Evening star., 1960-02-15
Under the Yordorm

Jewell A. DOwdall.
Evening star., 1960-09-18

Stretch out relax . put your feet uD on
these versatile pIostc covered hossocks. Here's
oIomor comfort plus procticoity! Upholstered
in Iustrous wipe -cIeon pIostic, with foom
padded top and topered wooden legs, they
can double as puII-up scots. Your choice Of
three styles
The Mississippi enterprise. (Jackson, Miss.) 1938-current, 1960-02-20

gan singing, II gotta leave you
baby" and to go on the City
Tor California Poor Mat
Tie ID. Haynes and Kate Elma
Ellis can't get a boy friend,
both are saying, "Please send
me somebody to love" C..
l.. Morland says he wants to
be loved only by Kate Ellis
and Kate seems to be willing
TO cooperate for she says the
Blue Bird" is her car and she
doesn't care who knows it.
Mollie Ruth Banks has opened
Georgia NJ. Smiley's eyes
where Clifton Smith is con-
cerned. Mollie says Clifton is
her lover boy and she wants
the world to know Bet
ter be careful Mollie old girl,
I've heard Georgia is planning
TO break out on you like poison
Ivy Well liver, this pen
Gil is red hot, so I'll see you
next week.