davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-03-18
False Policy

asserts that in all the con-
crete situations with which
public policy has to deal, the
elements of right and wrong
are so inextricably mixed as
to be indistinguishable; hence
it claims that every public &C.
ton or policy is ambiguous
that is, both right and wrong"
Father M uIrray describes
his own position as "the ira
dition of reason in moral af-
fairs - the ancient tradition
that has been sustained and
developed in the Catholic
Church."
1t is from this position that
he proceeds to criticize the
three ''pseudo-problems'' rails
ed by adherents Of both
schools of Protestant moral
thought when they deal with
foreign policy.
OF THE SUPPOSED gulf
between private and public
morality, he writes: mo such
pseudo-problem arises with
in the tradition of reason
or, if you will, in the ethic
of the natural law. Society
and the state are understood
to be natural institutions with
their own relatively autono-
nous ends or purposes, which
are predesigned in broad out
line in the social and politi.
cal nature of man."
From this point of view, he
continues, public and private
morality are seen to be dis
tinct concepts, and therefore
the effort to bring the organi-
zed action of politics and the
practical art of statecraft di-
rectly under the control of
the Christian values that 60
vern personal life is in
herently fallacious."
TO THOSE WHO believe
that for the nation to act out
of self-interest is somehow
basically wrong, Father Muir
ray replies: From the point
of view of political morality,
as determined by the pur-
poses inherent in the state,
this motive is both legiti-
mate and necessary"
He stresses, however, that
while national self-interest is
a valid motive for action, it
cannot be treated as an alb
solute end OF action. More
over, he adds, national in
terest rightly understood
must be made to contribute to
''the growing international
order"
He WRITES: In any case,
one ought to spare oneself UNI
necessary theoretical agonies,
whose roots are often in SEN
timentalism; as, for instance,
the effort to justify foreign
aid in terms of pure disinter.
ested Christian charity. To
erect some sort of inevitable
opposition between the pur-
suit of national interest and
the true imperatives of pc.
litical morality is to create
a pseudo-problem."
AS for the problem of
power" Father Murray de-
clares that the traditional
moral thinking which he is
attempting to express starts
with the assumption that, as
there is no law without force
to vindicate it, so there is no
politics without power to pro.
mote it. All politics is power
politics-up to a point"
he ADDS: 1.-THE essential
criterion is the distinction be-
tween force and violence.
Force Is the measure of power
necessary and sufficient to
uphold the valid purposes
both of law and of politics.
What exceeds this measure is
violence"
"As an instrument, force Is
morally neutral in itself. The
standard of its use is apti-
tude or inepititude for the
achievement of the obligatory
public purposes" he says.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-03-18


Continued from Page y
liefs will come in conflict
with the legal obligations of
his office.
the extent TO which q
Catholics beliefs pre-defer-
mine his views or actions in
public office.
Religious belief has no
legal bearing on the eligibil-
ity for office. The Constitu-
ton prohibits the imposition
Of any religious test on quail
fications for public office"
Duffey noted.
HOLDING OFFICE may in
volve the performance of two
basic types of duty-the in
itiation Of law, or law-mak-
ing, and the execution or
~implementation of law, Duff
fey observed.
while the President can
not introduce legislation, it
is his duty to advise on
policy. This duty is apparent
in the constitutional require
ment of a Estate of the
Union" message to Congress.
The President also can exer.
else his right to veto, which
is an active participation in
the law-making process"
Professor Duffey pointed
out that the Presidents duty
to uphold and enforce the
law Of the land could not
conflict with Catholic be-
liefs."
"A President need not re-
sign because a law allows
what he considers a moral
evil. He is permitted to full
fill his legal obligation, just
as a Catholic judge may de-
eide a divorce case"
1T is difficult to imagine
a statute which might be so
'intrinsically wrong and still
be constitutional" Duffey
said.
AS FAR AS THE law-mak-
ing function is concerned,
Duffey noted:
Suppose we assume that
a religious belief lmpels a
man to work for a law which
would be contrary to the Con-
stitution; for example the
first amendment prohibition
against the establishment of
a state church"
ut cannot be ACCOMPLISH
ed unless the Constitution
is amended and upon amend
ment ii would by definition
be lawful. Further a man has
a Constitutional right to adj
vocate and work for the
amendment of the Constitu-
ton"
Clearly, Catholic beliefs
present no legal conflict for
the lawmaker. The problem
is solely one of political signi-
ficance-the extent to which a
Catholics belief predetermine
his exercise of personal judg-
ment.".
1T is quite clear that there
is no theological requirement
for a Catholic legislator or
President to correct the moral
errors of his fellow citizens"
JOUR- RELIGION DOES not
claim that a Pope's political
views are infallible nor that
he is infallible, in applying a
moral principle. Application
involves a determination of
fact. Historically there are
some notable occasions in
which clergy have fallen flat
in those areas. For example,
there is the case of Calico,
and in my opinion, numerous
instances of the support of
boycotts of certain films"
Professor Duffey said the
question in most minds is
whether a Catholic must OPP
pose legislation which permits
conduct which he considers
immoral.
I'm MANY INSTANCES,
the question of whether a
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-03-18
Urge Informed Laity =.

moral evil will be aided by
certain legislation depends on
a determination of fact. The
Catholic is free to follow his
own informed conscience in
the determination of fact.
The Bishop may advise in
such legislative matters but
he cannot bind in these legi-
slative matters. If / believe
him a knowledgeable person,
| may accept his view as !
would that of any other"
Assuming the proposed
legislation will in fact pro-
mote a moral wrong, must |
oppose it? Most of the speci-
fic controversies seem to set
tie in the area of sexual
morality-birth control, abor-
ton, divorce. Most discussions
fail to recognize that in al
most every instance the pro-
posed legislation involves two
or more evils. Remarriage in
our view is wrong. But SO,
too, are the social results of
conflicting divorce laws. /
may vote for a divorce law
in order to lessen the social
evil. BY so doing / do not
condone remarriage."
OBVIOUSLY THE EVILS
involved must be proportion
ate. But generally whether
the result of certain legisla-
ton will lessen an existing
moral wrong or avoid another
wrong, is a question of fact.
If | using my informed Judg-
ment, believed that, / can ac-
cept the legislation and work
for its enactment"
ITO NE, THE MOST irri-
Eating assumption of those
who fear our religion is the
assumption that our religion
establishes a Catholic position
on legislation involving moral
problems. Studies in recent
years show this to be hog
wash. To the extent that a
large segment of American
Catholics support a particular
position, it may represent
nothing more than ill-inform-
ed Catholics"
DUFFEY CONCLUDED by
noting that the present debate
gives us an:
Opportunity to advance re-
ligious tolerance for ourselves
and for others. But the OPP
portunity to be exploited, re.
quires the exercise of charity.
We need not defend our be-
liefs. We need only be pre-
pared to explain them"
In another workshop on
Gan Informed Laity-Van-
guard of Catholic Schools"
Monsignor C. Bennett Apple
gate, Columbus Diocesan
school superintendent point
ed out that:
"TRADITloNALLY the posi-
ton taken by the clergy and
religious must now be assum-
ed by the laity. Before this
time, the laity have contribut-
ed financially to the schools
support now they must do
much more than that-they
must If the Catholic schools
are TO prosper--become an
integral part of the system"
THEY MUST BRING the
Catholic Philosophy of educa-
ton to the community, they
must be our public relations
force, explaining why we
have and maintain our
schools"
"They must become part
of our system also, by be-
coming teachers in our
schools, it is estimated that
in Ohio we will have $4,000
teachers from religious or
ders but more than $4,000
lay teachers"
MANY LAYMEN now have
taken an active part on the
Catholic school boards where
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-03-18
PATTERSON Scientists -.
More Than 90
Entries At Fair

When today's t~eenagers put aside their Fabian
records and turn their thoughts to things scientific
there seems TO be no limit to their talents.
SUCH WAS EVIDENT at the Third Annual Bish-
OPP Watterson High School Science Fair held last Sun.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-03-18

A small boy lost his mother
in the s~upermarket. elaine!
Elaine!" he cried frantically.
When his mother found him,
she scolded: Bobby, it isn't
polite TO call me Elaine You
should always call me Moth
err"
Il know" replied Bobby
through his tears, "but this
place is full of mothers, and
/ wanted to be sure I got the
right ne."-Catholic Digest.
Holmes County herald., 1960-08-11
NOTE TO OUR READERS

Be sure and keep your copy of The Review
each month : you will acquire a History OF
every Holmes County Community that can be
used for future reference.
Holmes County herald., 1960-08-11
US GROW!G

NOTE TO OUR ADVERTISERS
Space may be reserved in The Review at our
regular local Rate = in advance only.
Special rates for 6 or more Insertions.
A new type of advertising media that will
produce results.
Holmes County herald., 1960-08-11

Additional copies may be Pur-
chased for 15c each which will cover
mailing costs to friends anywhere in
the United States - order now
Limited quantity.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-01-29
What Is Harry Burns Afraid Of?
The Empire Says 'Nyet'
To the VOICE!
By The ae EDITOR

story this weeks VOICE the findings of
the EBASCO which recently completed exhaustive
study of the State Highway Department
The repoa II 000doar document paid for with public
fundswas made available to the services Monday of
this week copy available for THE VOICE. We sent
reporter to the department specifically to get He
told that State Highway Engineer Fred Qunne the
sole custodian of the copies of the and that Mr. Qunne
Portland for the balance of the week He also heard
in by the way, that Highway Commission Chairman Harry
Burns had placed the verboten the far
THE VOICE is concerned
This Editor then called the Highway Commission office and
received the information about Quinnel (and repO
absence We persisted in request for of the report to
be made available Immediately Chairman Burns
contacted by distance He informed
tary that THE VOICE have copy at the February
highway commission meeting three weeks hence AS
alternative he said this Editor could call him collect Wednes
day
is within the of the proper performance of public
servant.
There is publication should have receive
parmen of to receive copy public docu
ment.
THE VOICE estimated thousand readers
who being denied the extended give vital
public issues such this
Little credit administrator admins
traon that INDUCES in petty personal vindictive censorship
of who shall and who shall not receive public documents
There is indication the EBASCO report confirms
everything that been said THE VOICE the past
but will have of knowing until the monarcha
Harry Burns is made to realize he highway commissioner
Democracy and not commissar who above reproach
criticism
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-01-29
Unfair Labor
Charge Sought
Against ACM
Butte peop

The National Labor Relations
Board is being asked to consider
unfair labor practices that are be-
ing charged against the Anaconda
Company for what the Mine, Mill
and Smelter Workers Union in
Montana contends are unfair labor
activities arising out of the strike
condition here.
The first charges were filed the
31st of December following sepa-
rate agreement by Anaconda Com
pany with the smeltermen in Ana
conda. Additional charges were
placed last week when the ACM at
Continued On Page Four)
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-01-29
Companys Tactics Condemned :.
TIMBER Appeals For Help For
Einbuffled Anaconda Workers

the AFL-CIO, it is the bargain
ing agent of many workmen in
Montana, and the sort of thing
the company is doing, attempt
ing to deal behind the agents
back, the use of the threats of
economic reprisal, method
which has been condemned by
laws and courts throughout
America, is a threat to every
bargaining agent in this state.
"Men of good will do not
engage in such behavior, not
even to save money, but grown
and civilized men long ago also
ceased the use of gunner and
violence to gain their ends in
the labor-management field.
eve have witnessed the
Continued On Page Five)
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-01-29

II can no longer remain, quiet
while the travesty of bargain
ing by the Anaconda Company
goes on" James S. TIMBER, pres
ident of the Montana State
AFL-CIO, said this week.
"A new low in long and in
famous history of the abuse of
power by the company has been
reached and the threat to move
its plant operations in Great
Falls unless that local union
would separate from its bar
gaining agent and make a soft
settlement, is shameful" the
AFL-CIO chief said.
His prepared statement con-
tinued:
"While the Mine-Mill Inter-
national is not affiliated with
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-01-29

The emergency committee chair
man, James Mular, said much more
food is needed, as well as cash with
which to buy foodstuffs to supple
ment the non-perishables that will be
contributed. Two beef have been pur-
chased with cash contributions TO dis
tribute with food orders.
No cash will be handed out. but
will be turned over to the emergency
committee to be used in conjunction
with the aid program.
Mayor Shea of Walkerville said
that small adjacent town will make
contributions and assist in the pro-
gram.
Griffith pointed out that since the
strike began the 10Th of August,
Butte people have lived ON their saw
ings, a few jobs they have been able
to get and welfare. The full force of
city government will be put behind
the efforts to see that no one goes
hungry. he said.
Trucks will be available to pick
up food in any area of the state
where collections are made. Food
collection committees are urged
wherever Montanans are interested
in helping Butte people.
The emergency aid committee has
appointed three subcommittee One
for schools, to see what can be done
to provide free lunch program for
children, a purchasing committee to
collect commodities from farming
communities or depots set up any
place in the state and a ways and
committee to assure continuing
contributions of money and food.
Besides Mular, officers of the
aid committee are Al
Boognal, vice chairman, and Blanche
Averett Copenhaver, secretary treas
urer.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-01-29

ing the court supervision over adj
ministrative boards of the executive
branch.
Citing the Separations of Power the
minority says the court can not Gin
terfere'' with departments who are
Exclusive trustee of the power in
vested in it" and that the court is
without power to interfere whether
such discretion was wisely exercised
or mott.
The Harrison-C Castles opinion
raises the question of why we have
supreme court at all. If it is not
the duty of the judiciary to deter
mine when petitioned, if branch
of government has done its duties
or whether it has abused its posi-
lion, why judiciary?
The question involved is not wheth-
er the state agencies have acted
wisely" but whether they have acted
lawfully and legally.
When the minority says the court
may not interfere with discriminatory
powers of administrative boards the
next question is, should the court
stand idly by and allow abuses or
arbitrary and unreasonable use of
administrative powers?
During the depression a similar
situation arose and at that time the
court ruled that the state agencies
involved should apply for emergency
funds.
Mayor Vern Griffith of Butte has
stated that there are 1900 people
in Butte who are now the sole re-
sponsibility of the people of Montana
to the extent of their compassion and
charity.
The specific case before the court
does not involve striking miner, but
a previous decision by the court ruled.
that needy people whether they are
miners or not should receive welfare
funds. That opinion, also 80 de-
was to the effect that the
Welfare agencies must not discrimi-
nate but must base their payments
on need.
State Welfare administrators have
said they will appear before the
court to argue this case next Thurs
day.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-01-29
Farm Population Drops
To 21.2 Million

WASHINGTON, D. C.-(CNS)
3 900, 900 fewer persons are liv-
ing on farms than there were in
1850, last years farm census shows
Officials said December 20 that
present farm population is 21,2OO,-
900 persons. One person in eight
now lives on farm, compared with
one in six in 1850 and one in three
SO years ago.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-01-29

form this duty, but says if they
do not do it they shall come before
the court and argue their case.
The heads of these agencies have
indicated they will not apply to the
Board of Examiners unless the court
rules they have to. The court will
rule finally, only after they have
heard the arguments.
The minority decision, signed by
Chief Justice Harrison and Justice
Wesley Castles, contends there is no
provision in the Constitution grant
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-01-29

three-tWo decision. The maj Or1ty, JUS
tices Hugh Adair, R. v. Bottomly
and Albert Angstman, has in effect
called the administrators of the above
public agencies Ito appear before
them and argue why they have not
applied for IAN order authorizing ex-
penditures in sum and sums as the
Examiners may deem necessary" in
the Unforeseen and unanticipated
emergency, unless and until ord
cred to do SO by this court
The alternative writ is not a
demand that these agencies per-
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-01-29
STATEWIDE SUPPORT
BUILDING UP

Statewide support is swinging be-
hind the almost superhuman effort
of Butte miners to win recognition
over the bargaining table with their
powerful employer, the Anaconda.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-01-29
Provide Relief Or Justify Refusal,
Top Court Tells Public Welfare

Apply for funds to take of Montana needy
show the court why not the State Supreme Court has told the
State Board of Public Welfare and the Board of County
issoner of Silver Bow county order alternative
writ.
The writ which handed down late Wednesday was a
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-01-29
7,5,!|) Face Starvation In Butte

o. if
n
O. food that e
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-01-29

Leonard Kenfield, president of Mon
tana Farmers Union; James S. TIMBER,
president of Montana State AFL-CTO.
among others.
Montana people are repulsed at
the pressure governmental agencies
have brought to bear against the
strikers, especially in Butte.
1t is reported that strikers in all
three cities affected, East Helena,
Great Falls and Butte, find it difficult
to get part time jobs, because they
are striking. Those who have been
able to get part time jobs are denied
unemployment compensation ON cred
its they have accrued. The Welfare
Department is adamant about asking
for emergency funds TO provide even
bare necessities.
WELFARE COMMISSION
WON'T BULGE
The Welfare Commission this week
received politely committee of Is
from Butte who appeared before them
urging emergency funds, and imme-
diately upon dismissal of the COM
mittee the Welfare Commission hand
ed out a prepared press release stat
ing that emergency funds would not
be requested. Apparently their minds
were made up prior to the appearance
of the Butte committee" spokesman
for the group said and added, "they
were only going through the motions
and regardless of the facts it didn't
make bit of difference to them
(See story on Page Eight.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-01-29

"No Oh
nittee of 4.
going with
Talkinl
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1960-03-11

The blunt truth is. som c
people are not economically OF
emotionally prepared to assume
the risks while seeking the re-
wards of securities investing. =
The business man spoke Of the
importance Of beginners an d
experienced share owners OBJ
tanning adequate information
before purchasing securities Hc
also stressed the Importance of
keeping informed after an III
vestment is made
"Fact'Iaf. complete and ur-tn
date information is essential to
help the investor make import
art decisions whether TO
buy a specific security, whether
to hold on to it, or whether 1t
seems advisable to SELL de-
CARED Allen.
On knowledge obtainable to
help one start an investment,
Allen quoted Samuel Johnson
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1960-03-11

knowledge is Of two kinds. We
know a subject ourselves, or we
know where we can find infor-
nation about it, He commented,
THAT is a sage observation and
particularly true when applied
to investing
Exact Objective
After suggesting sources Of III
formation. Allen turned 10 III,
veSttrFnt ohjcctivcS. A stock
that paws current dividends
was offered as tho best oppor
tlInity for the man looking for
income now For the man look
ING for something that offers
longtime growth. growth stock
was suggested.
A third type of investment dis
cussed was the Mutual Funds
Said Allen. Here. instead OF
buying some two or three par
ucuar stocks. you buy an in
terest in a polfolio of many
stocks. thereby spreading tn e
risk. To my way Of thinking
and over tho long pull-for ono
who does not expect to become
professional or sophisticated
investor. it offers the best and
NEST satisfactory way Ct invest
Continued cu pags s.
The Farmville herald. (Farmville, Va.) 1957-current, 1960-03-11

1T is difficult to draw the
line between investments and
speculation" William T. Allen.
an affiliate of the Francis I.
DUPONT office in Richmond. told
Hampden Sydney tn d n
Thursday morning.
Speaking on investments and
investing. the representa- tive Of
brokers and underwriters
firm, let his audience know right
away he had no sure fire formula
by which one may "get-rlch-
quick in the market. Alien re-
cited a well known axiom "A
Bull Can make money in Wall
Street, q Bear can make money
IN wall Street. but . hog never
can
A former president of the
Hanlpden-Sydney Parents and
Friends Association, Allen said
that there was no "get-rich-
quick" formula and If there
was. brokers would be so busy
making money for themselves
they would have no time for
customers.
Able To Invest?
II answer to the self .inrosed
question ~ 'rho ,S hnAnclally
allie to invest?' Allen said,