davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-03-18
Tolls to Regulate
Traffic Proposed

Imposition Of metropolitan
area roadway tolls to regulate
the flow of traffic was suggested
by Henry Balm, free-lance con-
sultant specializing in Metro
plitan growth problems at a
Montgomery County League of
Women Voters luncheon meet
ing yesterday at the All Club
headquarters, TOO Connecticut
avenue. Chevy Chase.
Mr.. Balm contended that
raising tolls would keep con-
gestion at key points. -
He cited Los Angeles as the
horrible example" of decen-
tralized business growth forcing
more cars on the road. Man.
haitian was given as the "hor-
rible example" of a centralized
city. However. Mr.. Balm said he
thinks it easier to remedy the
deficiencies of the overly CEN
tralized city.
Transportation is a regional
function. he asserted. He said
a Federal agency is appropriate
in this area with built-in pro-
vision for local participation
by a local governing board. The
State governments are too re-
mote to be effective in this area,
Mr.. Balm added.
Evening star., 1960-03-18
DAVID LAWRENCE
Defense and Disarmament

The Russians, to be sure,
are ready to reduce land
armies for two reasons -
expense and obSolescence. In
this age of missiles, land
armies are primarily useful
for cleanup" operations or
for limited wars" Ever since
the United States came up
with its new look" policy a
few years ago, it has been
clear that sooner or later the
Soviets would likewise cut
land armies and place their
main reliance on missiles and
airplanes.
The key to whether any
real disarmament plan is 60
ing to be adopted will have to
be looked for in any provi-
sionS that are made to abol-
ish nuclear weapons and the
means Of producing them.
AS long as one side or the
other has a substantial sup
ply of H-bombS and warheads
for missiles in its stockpile,
the pledge to stop producing
any more such nuclear weap-
onS will be meaningless. Un-
til both sides are ready to
arrange for the complete de-
struction of all nuclear bombs
and of all means of trans
porting them, there will be
no effective disarmament.
Until mutual confidence
prevails, moreover, and the
causes that are back of the
international tensions of to-
day are removed, there can
be no assurance that any dis
armament plan will ever be
carried out, despite the right
eous indignation of the world
and its loudly expressed fears
Of what would happen to hu-
manity in a nuclear war.
Safety first" is an old
slogan, and nations, like in
dividuals, are not likely to
risk their lives by placing
their fate in the hands of
those who in recent years
have been engaging in or
ganized banditry in vast
areas of Europe and Asia.
(copyright, 1960)
Evening star., 1960-03-18
POTOMAC FEVER
By FLETCHER KNEBEL

Ike urges that America let down immigration bars
Now that he's backing Nixon figures he'd better hurry
up and corral some voters for him.
Senator Proxmre defends Paul Butler, embatted Demo-
cratic chairman Butler feels like the drowning man who
comes for the second time only to be conked on the
head by a life preServer.
transatlantic airpane fares reduced. You now
can ny over to Paris for dinner for about what costs you
to get out of the restaurant.
Senator Symington offers four goals for the 1905 To-
days candidates sophisticated Instead making
promises to the voters they set goas-and the voters
to meet them.
The U. S. Government may cut sugar imports from
Cuoas Castro More of the beet sugar-and of the
Beatniks sugar.
Republican women convene in Washington next month
under the G. p campaign emblem Peace and Prosperity
with fingers held aloft-crosSed.
Evening star., 1960-03-18
Nixon Gets Presidents BIessino

two. There never has been
since the 1852 campaign when
Mr.. Nixon got into difficulty
over political contributions.
He got no sympathy from Mr..
Eisenhower until in his cele-
brated broadcast with his
dog Checkers he swept the
country by emotional storm.
He won the Nations for
givenesS-and only then Mr..
Eisenhower's.
Evening star., 1960-03-18
Vice President Ready for Big Race
After Hard Row Upstream

way. It is also possible that
Mr.. Nixon had a wry second
ary motive in saying that
he always refused to COM
ment ION statements by the
President. even when they
involve me-" This tone was
very similar to Mr.. Eisen-
hower's own tone on past
occasions in refusing COM
ment when Mr.. Nixon was in
trouble. The President would
say. he did not wish to COM
ment on the statements of
other people,
There is another reason
why Mr.. Nixon is not dancing
in glee. The effect of the
Presidents statement land
perhaps its intention was to
tie Mr.. Nixon ever closer to
the outgoing administration.
The Vice President does not
care to be tied quite so
closely.
He cannot, for example,
stand 100 per cent with an
Eisenhower farm program
against which many Farm
Belt Republicans are crying:
moi MOI" He does not pro-
pose to be bound in advance
to every possible evolution in
an Eisenhower policy of
negotiation with the Russians
which might go farther in
accommodation than Mr..
Nixon, himself, would go.
And a final truth is this:
1t is not Mr.. Nixon who at
this point owes Mr.. Eisen-
hover a debt. so much as it
is Mr.. Eisenhower who owes
Mr.. Nixon a debt. The Vice
President today is incom-
parably the stronger within
the Republican Party organ
ization, though not in the
country. And it is the Vice
President who for seven
years has done the slogging,
front-line fighting for the
COP. which the President
has so consistently avoided.
Indeed, the Eisenhower
Nixon relationship has been
oddly mixed from the start.
On the Presidents side. it
has been alternately cordial
and chilly. On Mr.. Nixon's
side it has been simply cor
rect. He has been faithful
to his chief. But there is no
deep warmth between these
Evening star., 1960-03-18
DORIS FLEESON

Democratic Chairman Paul
Buffers effort to stampede
the Dem ocrats into the
Kennedy corral will have
a marked effect in stimulat-
ing the. efforts of rival
candidates. Senator Stuart
Symington, who has been
playing it coy. is ready now
to make the announcement
that he is an avowed can
didate. And there is likely to
be more pronounced activity
on the part of forces allied
to Senator Lyndon johnson.
The Symington strategy Of
taking a more or less leisurely
pace until the Wisconsin
primary had knocked out
either Senator Kennedy or
Senator Humphrey has been
revised. A new urgency has
appeared with the possibility
that the results at Los
Angeles might be foreclosed
even before the delegates
arrived there.
The emergence of a real
victory drive on the part of
any of the other possible
candidates would be par
ticularly bad news for Senator
Symington. His supporters
have been banking on a dead
lock at the convention and
the hope that their man
would emerge as every
body's second choice" This
prospect no longer seems as
valid to his handlers. The
power plays by which the
Kennedy forces assured
themselves of at least the
first ballot support from the
Ohio and Maryland delega-
tions, plus the Kennedy coup
in openly lining up the
Democratic party's national
Evening star., 1960-03-18

Could there be any strang-
er paradox than the people of
the United States are wit
Messing today as they read
high-Sounding statements
about disarmament issued at
Geneva, while the admins
tration in Washington is
being asSailed inside and OUT
side Congress by would be
presidential candidates for
failing to keep up with Rus
sia on the production Of
missiles?
Again and again, it is
being Solemnly asserted that
America is taking a big risk
in letting the Russians get
ahead" simultaneously in
Geneva an American delega-
tion is striving to find some
light in the darkness of the
international debate by urg-
ing that joint studies be un-
dertaken. The purpose would
be to provide a means Of
preventing aggression and
preserving world peace and
security, as national arma-
ments are reduced, by an in
ternational organization. to
be an organ of. or linked to,
the United Nations"
The Soviet delegation
thinks it's all very simple.
and proposes that disarma-
ment be completed in three
stages within the next four
years. In the first stage,
armies are to be reduced and
conventional weapons cur
tailed. In the second stage,
all conventional forces would
be eliminated and all for
eign bases would be liqui-
dated. This means missile
bases as well as bases for
airplanes. All this, the Soviets
say. need not take more
than about three years.
Then, when the West has
deprived itself of most of its
present means of military re-
taliation. the Soviets promise
they will start to destroy their
Evening star., 1960-03-18
RALPH McGILL
Program of Training and Education
Urqed in UnderdeveIoped Lands

UNITED NATIONS. N. Y.
Paul Hoffman, director of
the u Ms special fund. was
talking about the problems
of new nations not yet in
dustrially developed.
THE United States" he
said, should thank Tom JEFF
ferSon for having early i'm
posed public education upon
us. Nations can't develop
until the people develop. And
they cannot develop unless
they are educated and trained
to use the resources and the
industrial techniques in
volved. Had not Tom JEFF
fersoh started us off with
education we would not have
come along so fast. Even so,
If you look at our first so
years you find that our an
nual gross national product
increased at the rate of about
2 per cent. This is quite low
for an induStrialized country.
But it is quite good for one
just beginning.
There are" he continued,
about 100 underdeveloped
nations today. And the pri-
mary need is not for invest
ment, but for pre-investment
procedures and aid. Econo-
mists tell us that the gulf
between the have and the
nave-not countries contin-
ually is widening. That is
serious chiefly because of the
social distortions which may
grow out of it if exploited.
But the peoples in those
countries are not troubled by
this. They have two pri-
mary, basic needs. They want
to be less hungry and they
want education. If they
can't have it in their time
Evening star., 1960-03-18
The Need of the Have-Nots

ious problem. Children went
all their lives without tasting
milk.
In contemplating the prob
lem, some one recalled that
in a California town an en-
terprising man had developed
a process of making soybean
milk for children allergic to
ordinary milk. This was an
answer. Working together,
the U.N. organizations de-
voted to food and children
set up a plant to manufacture
dehydrated soybean milk. The
first production was in 1858.
1t was introduced to people
at fairs and exhibitions, va
nilla or chocolate flavoring
was mixed with it to make it
more palatable. 1t caught on.
Today the plant daily pro-
duces two-and-a-half tons of
powdered soybean milk. 1t
goes to the Indonesian gov
ernment, schools. hospitals
and m aternal and child
health centers. The plant is
soon to be expanded and the
two shifts increased to three.
Present production is equal
to milk produced by 1,500
cows.
In Ethiopia schoolchildren
were found to be generally
undernourished. A U.N. econ
omist thought up the idea of
school vegetable gardens and
kitchens. More than 100
schools have had excellent
gardens in the past four
years.
Many of the vegetables in
troduced are new to Ethiopia.
These include carrots, let
tuceS. tomatoes, and a new
type cabbage. The garden
total steadily increases as
teachers are trained.
Milk was almost unknown
to these children. Ethiopian
cows produced about a quart
Evening star., 1960-03-18

planning an attack on deserts
and they will in time be
pushed back and more land
brought to productive use.
Health work, too, is a thrill
ing story.
The special agencies of the
U. N. are one Of the magnifi-
cent developments of goth
century civilization. They
alone more than justify the
U. N. Our image of this
organization must be broad
ened TO understand that the
Security Council and General
Assembly are by no means
the whole story.
Evening star., 1960-03-18
Butler Spurs Kennedy Opponents

City and may get it. Among
the Symington managers are
two former national commit
tee chairmen, Frank McKin-
ney and Bill Boyle, and they
are at home among the vet
eran Democratic politicians.
They also will be working
hard in Illinois where support
in down-State sections would
be natural for a neighboring
Senator. Some Symington
delegates already have been
chosen in Alaska, Kansas,
and Idaho.
Both Mr.. Boyle and Mr..
Mckinney are Truman stall
warts and their support of
Senator Symington is cited
as the best evidence that
Harry Truman is for his
fellow MisSourian as we'll.
Yet some close Truman ad-
viSers Of the past are scattered
obviously among the camps
of other contenders.
The Symington group has
now taken as headquarters
the Farragut Square town
house which was bravely
rented for the Rockefeller
Washington headquarters and
almost Immediately closed.
1t is not open officially, but
all one needs to do to get in
is open the door.
The original plan had been
for Senator Symington to
wait until the Missouri State
convention in May for his
announcement. But with the
pressure growing from the
Kennedy drive. May begins
to seem mighty far away.
Senator johnson is likely
to make no overt moves until
Congress passes a civil rights
bill on which he has staked
much. But if and when it
does. it will become obvious
that he too has not been
indifferent to the march of
events.
Evening star., 1960-03-18

per day, and this was proc
esSed into butter and cheese
for family use. The U. N. has
introduced better breeding
stock with the result that
milk production has in
creased to the point where
10000 children now have a
glass each per day.
The U. MS success with
poultry is one Of the almost
unbelievable success stories
in Asia, Africa and South
America. New wells are being
brought in the great deserts
Of Africa. There is in the
Evening star., 1960-03-18
Paradox Found in Call to Destroy Arms
At Geneva and Build Up Protection

own nuclear weapons, missiles
and rockets.
Who is going to believe
that the Soviets will carry
out their agreement? They
have not heretofore honored
their Solemnly given pledges.
And what would the West be
able to do if the Soviets three
years hence changed their
minds? The realistic answer
is that. if the United States
has abandoned its missile
and air bases abroad, Europe
would be at the mercy of the
Communists.
Why anyone in his right
mind in Moscow could be-
lieve that the West would
ever accept such a plan is
puzzling indeed. and it may
be that the Soviets never ex-
pected acceptance of their
proposals. They are inter-
eSted solely in worldwide
propaganda, which places
them in the sanctified posi-
ton of being against war and
in favor of complete and
general disarmament" as
they repeat the phrase over
the air waves day and night.
Skepticism about the sin
cerity Of the SovietS is con-
stantly apparent in the
speeches of the Western
delegates at Geneva. The
British delegate, David
Ormsby-Gore, says, for in
stance. that there is no use
blinking at the fact that
suspicion exists between ma
tions and they will not be
convinced that their neigh
borS have in fact reduced
their forces until they have
proof of it,"
But the West must give
the appearance at least Of
striving for disarmament. So
all sorts of plans and pro-
poSals have been offered
which look toward better
understanding and perhaps
partial disarmament over a
long period of time.
Evening star., 1960-03-18
WILLIAM S. WHITE

There was a time when
Vice President Richard Nixon
desperately needed the all
out backing of President Eli
senhower. But that time has
long since gone.
And now that he does not
really need a full Eisenhower
Endorsement, a full EiSen-
hover Endorsement is exactly
what Mr.. Nixon at last has
been given.
This is the short and
ironical story of Mr.. Eisen-
,hower's belated declaration
Of unqualified support for
the Vice President for the
1860 COP. presidential
nomination.
To have had such support
only three months ago-be-
fore Gov. Nelson Rockefeller
Of New York bowed out as a
presidential challenger to
him-would have been a
great boon to Mr.. Nixon. To
have had it years before
would have been an even
greater help.
For Mr.. Nixon was then
walking alone in the Eisen-
hover wing of the COP,
Stunned by most of the Ell
senhower Republicans" He
was left to row his own boat
upstream all the way.
He is not the first man to
have worked his own pass
age. only to receive at length
the very assistance which
once would have meant so
much but which comes so
late.
The truth, to this corres-
pondent'S knowledge, is that
Mr.. Nixon long ago privately
decided he would be con-
tent if the White House
simply stayed neutral at the
Republican national conven-
tion. He figured neutrality
was all he needed while he
was still being opposed by
Gov. Rockefeller for the
nomination. He is bound to
figure now that, speaking
bluntly, he does not really re-
quire anything at all from the
Eisenhower administration.
This is why he coolly Of
fered no thanks when Mr..
Eisenhower announced he
would be a Nixon man all the
Evening star., 1960-03-18

they demand it for their
children.
"One of the major things
we have learned in the Unit
ed Nations is that before aid
can be effective in assisting
a new country to industrialize
there must be the pre-invest-
ment aid of educating and
training people and in feed
ing them. Until they have
enough men and women
literate and healthy enough
to cope with industrial prof.
ects, they cannot handle them.
The initial emphasis must be
on pre-investment programs"
There is a steady flow OF
great htfnan-interest news
from the United Nations.
Much of it is magnificent in
its dramatic results and in
the physical and emotional
responses of persons as
sisted. There is the story of
a small village in Laos where
three young Buddhists, grad
yates of a UNESCO school,
have established the first
school this particular village
has ever had. They are teach
ing self help in roads and
sanitation. These three train
ed men have revitalized the
village. Their story is one
of many such.
The UN.'S Food and Agri-
cultural Organization had a
problem in Java. This island
contains more than SIS mil
lion persons, or about 1000
persons per square mile.
There are few cows in the
island because COWS require
pasture and there isn't any
in that crowded, beautiful
island. Surveys showed lack
Of protein to be very SER
Evening star., 1960-03-18
Symington Believed Stepping Up Plans
FOLLOWING ChuiYmon's Partisan Move

chairman. have called for a
revision in the Symington
planning.
The new conditions of the
campaign leave the Missouri
Senator low on likely first
ballot strength. He probably
will find his strength on early
ballots below that of either
Senators Kennedy or john
son and possibly lower than
that of Senator Humphrey.
The only solid delegation
which appears to be for him
at present is that of his own
Missouri but he will unques-
tionably have a scattering.
possibly a substantial one,
from neighboring States in
the Midwest.
The Symington supporters
are looking longingly at the
big vote Of Pennsylvania,
whose Gov. Lawrence is dis
enchanted with Senator Ken
nedy. Pennsylvania's support
is important, not only for its
large vote in the convention
but because the Governor is
widely known in the party
for his ability to pick a win
ner. He will be the delega-
tion's unchallenged leader.
Yet Senator Symington is not
the only candidate to whom
the support of Gov. Lawrence
seems alluring. Pennsylvania
is the most vital State to any
effort to get the nomination
a third time for Adlai Steven
son. 1t is also a State in
which supporters of Repre-
sentative Chester Bowles are
highly active.
While delegates from up
State New York are claimed
for Senator Kennedy. Sy-
mington supporters are eager
ly seeking help in New York
The Nome nugget., 1960-01-08
Bartlett Protests Hike In Alaska Rail Rates

WASHINGTON, R-Sen. E. L. Bartlett said yesterday he is con- cerned about announcement of a 15-20 per cent increase later this month in Alaska Railroad freight from Seward to other points in Alaska.
 Any such increase, in fact any increase at all" he said, twill add to the cost of living in Alaska"
 Bartlett predicted the increase would "intensify pressure for en- actment of legislation now before Congress giving the Interstate Commerce Commission regulatory authority over the railroad.
 "As it is now, he said, "there is no court of appeal"
 The government owned rail- road is under jurisdiction of the Interior Department.
The Nome nugget., 1960-01-08
Inmates Riot At Connecticut State Prison

WATERSHED Conn.,, R - Prisoners overpowered 2 guards and grabbed their keys at the Connecticct state prison Wednes- day night, triggered a riot by more than 400 shouting, stomping inmates.
 State police troopers and pri- son guards quelled the riot after 212 hours with tear gas and high pressure water hoses. A fireman and a prisoner suffered minor in- juries.
 Warden Mark Richmond said about dozen ringleaders over whelmed the two guards, locked them in cell and used their keys to free nearly half the population of the prison.
The Nome nugget., 1960-01-08
Egan Awaits Ac Experts Advice on Boring Straits Dam

JUNEAU R = Gov. William Egan applauded a US. State De- partment decision to ask scientific opinion about proposal to build a floating dam in the Boring Strait between Siberia and Alaska.
 The proposal was put forward late last year by Soviet engi- neer, Pyotry Borisov, in the Rus sia Literary Gazette. Since then, acting Secretary of State Douglas Dillon wrote Egan, Russian scien- ists have expressed doubts about it. - ...,
 Tt certainly would be imprac- tical to take a position on the project itself at his time," Egan commented. By proposing the matter for discussion at interna- tional scientific meetings, how ever, the department will be dem- onstrating this country's willing ness to cooperate with Russia" :"
 Dillon said the proposal might be placed on the agenda of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics at its meeting in Helsinki, Finland, in July. He said scientists need more information to determine whether such a dam would be feasible.
The Nome nugget., 1960-01-08

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The Nome nugget., 1960-01-08
Island State Is Still A Strange, Foreign Land In American Minds

WASHINGTON, R - Hawaii, the 50th state, is still strange and exotic land in the minds of many Americans, says Rep. Dan- iel K. Inouye O-HawaiD.
 Inouye told the Women's Ma tional Press Club last night he still gets letters with strange salu- taticns like ''your excellency, king of Hawaii"
 Other writers want to swap U. s. coins for the money of Ha- waii, which is the same as that used in the other 49 states.
 q also have the Hawaiian em- bassy in Washington" Inouye said with a smile. "The post master sends me all the mail ad- dressed that way"
The Nome nugget., 1960-01-08
NCAA Formally Admits 18th State to Membership

NEW YORK, Lt - Alaska was formally added to membership in District of the National College Athletic Association today in le- gislation passed at the groups annual convention.
 The constitutional amendment also made Hawaii member state rather than territory. Other states in District are California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho and Nevada. M
 In separate legislation, NCAA members were given permission to schedule games in Alaska with out these games counting against the maximum permitted in vari- ous sports. This is designed to en- courage colleges in the Continen- tai Unied States to play in Alas ka. Hawaii already had this status.
 Colleges in Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico also were given per- mission to vary the dates, but not the length of athletic seasons due to climactic conditions existing in those areas.