davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-03-06
THE NATIONAL SCENE

II the State does not adopt a unit
vote, Mr.. Kennedy could count on
at least so California votes on the
second ballot. A unit vote could
mean he'd get them all
Q The second development was
the announcement Of the latest
Gallup poll. 1t showed that Mr..
Kennedy had drawn even with
Vice President Nixon at $3.50 in
the presidential sweepstakes. This
was a significant leap forward for
the 42-year-old Democrat. In
the January sampling, he trailed
Mr.. Nixon Al to SO per cent.
The other Democratic aspirants,
all senatorial colleagues Of Mr..
Kennedy, were also in orbit last
week.
Senator Humphrey whipped
back and forth from the campaign
in Wisconsin to the floor of the
Senate, where he interrupted the
Southern filibuster to lambaste
the Eisenhower administration for
40 minutes.
And Senators Symington Of
Missouri and johnson Of Texas.
both of whom are running hard
as "unavowed" candidates, took
no action to remove themselves
from the ballot for the oregon
presidential primary in May.
On the Republican side, Senator
Mundt Of South Dakota, an old
friend Of the Vice President, dis
closed that Mr.. Nixon would re-
veal his own farm program after
he wins the G. o. P. nomination
In July.
The inference to be drawn from
the Mundt statement was that the
Nixon plan will be significantly
different from the one advocated
by Agriculture Secretary Benson
and supported by President Eisen-
hover.
Evening star., 1960-03-06
Continued From Page B-1

SUULlHuCu EEUIH Il dBC D-x
thought; he's giving his enemies
a chance to kill him off.
The Senator from Massachu-
sets himself attempted to give
lip service to the rule against early
committal. But his ceaseless &C
tivity made futile his effort at
being coy about his ambition. And
so, when he announced last jan
uary his intention to seek the
nomination, not an eyebrow was
raised.
Since that time, the Kennedy
campaign has steadily picked up
speed and momentum. No one
has even slowed down this early
bird, much less knocked him off.
Although the Bostonian has run
IL in the popularity polls within
his party for at least year, it has
been in the last two months that
he has impressively strengthened
his position in the race for dele
gates:
He is expected to roll up huge
vote in the uncontested New
Hampshire primary, the first in
the Nation, on Tuesday.
He is favored to defeat Senator
Humphrey Of Minnesota In the
hotly contested Wisconsin primary
next month.
He already has the pledge of
Gov. Michael Disable, Ohio's IA
vorite son, for the Buckeye States
delegate votes at the convention
in Los Angeles in July,
Evening star., 1960-03-06

generally less tumultuous. But one
solon, South Carolina's James H.
Hammond, felt impelled early in
1850 to express his fear that "as
everybody has a revolver a
general fight in one or the other
House with great slaughter is al.
ways on the tapis. No two ma.
tions on earth are or ever were
more distinctly separate and hos
tile than we are here"
AS with the gentlemen of the
86th Congress, those of the 36th
were, among other things, looking
ahead to the November elections
thinking not only of the presi-
dency, but of their own political
skins back home. Senators Albert
G. Brown Of Mississippi and Alfred
1verson Of Georgia were loudly de-
manding plank be written in the
Democratic national platform to
protect slavery in the territories.
On this score, they added, they
were opposed to harmony at any
price"
An Alabaman, Senator Clement
c. Clay, jr., took a harder squint
ahead. Said he, fatty, the South
would refuse to submit" to a Re-
publican President.
His words rising from the
turmoil of early 1860 couldn't have
been more prophetic as the elec-
ton of Abraham Lincoln and four
bloody years of war showed.
Evening star., 1960-03-06
Civil Rights Debate Century Ago
Makes Congress Tame Today

Mr.. Pryor subsequently chal-
lenged Mr.. Potter to a duel, asking
him to choose the weapons. The
Wisconsinite was happy to accept,
and announced Bowie knives as his
preference. Mr.. Pryor scoffed that
this would be barbarous, and both
parties settled by simply calling
each other towards. One historian
has noted that the most dangerous
thing about the incident was that
nobody thought it ridiculous.
During another eruption in the
House. John A. Logan, Democrat of
Illinois, was angry one day when
some Of his antagonists kept
shouting him down. Whipping out
a pistol, which he aimed at his tor
mentors, the lawgiver roared: by
God, if can't talk, I can do some
thing else" Sympathetic COL
leagues disarmed him in time.
Vice President John C. Breck-
inridge, acting the role of ordinary
peacemaker rather than President
of the Senate. once stopped a fist
fight on the steps Of the Capitol.
And so high did sectional feeling
on the slavery issue run that
the task of selecting a Speaker of
the House required several weeks
and "a ballots before compromise
candidate squeaked in with the ex-
act number of votes necessary.
In the Senate, the situation was
Evening star., 1960-03-06

arate with It's own entrance.
Despite the fact that this building
has been authorized by law for
such use, it will not become avail
able until the present occupant,
the Civil Service Commission, is
moved. AS no funds are yet avail
able for its new building, this
shift will probably not take place
for another four years.
Legislation for the National
Portrait Gallery was first intro
duced in 1850 by Senator Green,
Democrat Of Rhode Island, when
Mr.. Finley was Director Of the
National Gallery. At that time,
although President Truman en-
dorsed the plan, Congress failed
to pass the bill. Now Senator
Green has become a co-sponsor Of
Senator Humphreys bill. A COM
panion measure has been intro
duced in the House by Repre-
sentative Rhodes. Democrat of
Pennsylvania. Whether legisla-
ton will be required to supple
ment the 1858 act authorizing
the Patent Office for such use will
be determined by the Smithson-
ian'S Board Of Regents.
Evening star., 1960-03-06
Variety Of Heroes for National Portrait Gallery

agree that an outstanding director
and q strong independent ad-
visory board, comparable to the
board of trustees of the National
Gallery Of Art, whose chairman Is
the Chief Justice. is absolutely es-
sential to set and maintain high
standards In gathering and pre-
senting the collection.
Might Include Furniture
The gallery would include
mainly paintings and sculpture. It
has also been suggested that fur
niture Of the period be on display
both to relieve the monotony Of
the portraits and to create a more
realistic impression Of living con-
ditions current during the various
eras Of our country's history. Por-
traits would be selected on the
basis Of the subject and not the
artist. Despite this policy art
critics are convinced that the level
Of artistic quality can be suitable.
The basis Of the portrait collec-
ton would be those paintings now
held for a National Portrait CAL
lery by the National Gallery Of
Art and the National Collection Of
Fine Arts. The National Gallery's
collection includes important
paintings Of Washington by Peale,
Lincoln by Healy, John Marshall,
Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay,
John Calhoun, Nathaniel Haw-
thorne and Stephen Foster. One Of
the most interesting portraits ear
marked from the Mellon collection
for the National Portrait Gallery
is that of Pocohantas painted on
her visit to England in the 18th
century.
But a National Portrait Gallery
would reach into wider areas Of
American life. Outstanding Scien-
fists like Edison would be repre-
sented as would educators, artists
and poets as well as industrial and
labor leaders. The problem of who
is to be included will undoubtedly
be formidable. In order to with
stand the anticipated pressure Of
those urging a particular candi-
date, many feel that an acquisi-
tions committee composed of re-
spected authorities should be ap-
pointed. Such a group, acting as a
buffer for the director and the
trustees, might initially prepare
a list Of subjects whose portraits
should be exhibited.
Although it is likely that some
art museums and many private
collections will donate paintings
to expand the present nucleus Of
the collection, considerable diff
Guilty can be anticipated in OBJ
tanning certain desirable portraits
from art galleries now possessing
them. In this event, consideration
might be given to the use of sub
stitutes for the original portrait.
Evening star., 1960-03-06

Spectacular as 1t may be, the
performance Of the seth Congress
on the issue Of the civil rights of
Negroes is only an echo of the
sound and fury that rocked the
same halls 100 years ago.
Today the focus is largely on
the voting rights Of the Negro in
the Deep South. The issue be-
fore the pre-Civil War Seth Con-
gress was even more basic, moral
ly and politically: Whether Negro
slavery should be condoned, and
even extended, in a Republic of
free men.
The lawmakers Of the 86th, still
divided along North-South sec
tional lines, wage their fight with
carefully chosen words and few
outbursts Of temper. Their coun-
terpartS of century ago, by con-
trast, were given to the kind of
vituperation and emotionalism
that easily led to open warfare.
An episode which took place on
the House floor April S, 1860, gives
striking example of the Capitol
Hill mood Of the times.
Owen Lovejoy, Republican Con-
gresham Of Illinois, and brother
OF a murdered anti-slavery editor,
delivered himself of an harrangue.
Striding up and down the aisles,
gestHing violently, he beloved in
effect that slavery was the worst
Of all possible crimes. On each ap-
proach to the Democratic benches,
Mr.. Lovejoy would shake his fists
at the slaveholding members seat
ed there and shout to get his
points home where they hurt most.
Congressman Roger A. Pryor. a
Virginia editor and an emotional
man himself. could take only so
much Of this. Leaping to his feet,
he loudly ordered Mr.. Lovejoy to
get back to his own side of the
House. Representative John S.
Potter, "a Wisconsin Republican
who shared Mr.. Lovejoy'S Senti-
ments. rushed to the Illinoisan's
defense, and in a moment the
Floor was a bedlam of 80 or 40
milling legislators. Order was re-
stored without any bloodShed, but
a Southern member, Martin J.
Crawford of Georgia, later wrote
Of the episode:
Il never said a word to anybody,
but quietly cooked my revolver in
my pocket and took my position in
the midst of the mob I had
made up my mind to sell my
blood out at the highest possible
price,"
Evening star., 1960-03-06

New England is being conceded
to him. q
But last week there were two
developments that underscore a
growing impression that Jack
Kennedy, the first Roman Catholic
to vie seriously for presidential
nomination since Gov. Alfred E.
Smith ran unsuccessfully against
Republican Herbert Hoover in
1882, will be the man to beat at
the Democratic convention.
Q The first has to do with his
announcement that he will not
oppose Gov. Edmund (Pat) Brown
in the California primary. Private
polls repeatedly showed that he
could easily beat the Governor.
or any other Democratic candi-
date, in such a contest. But there
has been a widespread feeling,
even among his own most vigorous
supporters in the State, that a
California primary fight would
rend the Democratic Party and
perhaps insure the States re-
naming in the Republican COL
umn in November.
Mr.. Kennedy, therefore, agreed
not to enter the primary unless
one Of the other leading Demo-
cratic contenders did. But this
was not pure gallantry, party
above-all self-sacrifice. Accord
ing to the reports, the list of
prospective delegates drawn up in
California tafter the Kennedy
intention to enter the primary was
underlined showed that roughly
two-thirds of the 1862 persons
named were pro-Kennedy. Each
has half vote, the State having
a total of 81.
These 81 votes will go to Gov.
Brown on the first ballot and
then, presumably. will be released.
Evening star., 1960-03-06

that are primarily Of artistic,
rather than historical interest.
To some extent the concept of
a national portrait gallery in
Washington was suggested by the
famous National Portrait Gallery
Of London. 1t is the most impor-
tant one of its kind in existence.
The London GoIIery
The London gallery began to
take shape in 1885 and was moved
in 1895 to its present building i'm
mediately behind the National
Gallery of Trafalgar Square. The
British regard it as a national
pantheon Of historical figures and
it has helped to focus the public
mind on the nations past leaders.
Although a large part Of the more
than 1000 paintings are Of de-
ceased British statesmen and pub
lie figures, the collection gives
special prominence to individuals
outstanding in the arts.
In contrast to the House Of
Commons, where no statue can be
erected until the subject has been
dead 10 years, the portrait gallery
Evening star., 1960-03-06
The First Fi|ibuster, in 4O0A.D.,
Involved Beautiful Gothic Queen

barians lest the marriage of their
king with the captive princess
shatter the uneasy truce with the
Emperor and involve the nation in
a calamitous war.
The parliamentary session took
place at an all-night banquet
where 1000 Of the bravest war
riors attended. constituting the
THU" or'tribal war host, which
held supreme power among the
Goths.
The orators stood on their ban
quet couch or bench as they spoke.
The Goths believed an upright
position was prerequisite for
truthful statements: A famous
proverb of theirs proclaimed,
Sits, suits; ligis, liugis"- when
you sit, you prattle sweet things,
and when you lie, you lie"
Gala and a Christian priest
the Visigoths. nominally at least,
were Christian-appeared as wit
AASooSo' 4llC I - lllSCoo dSSulGu UIl6
assembly that Honorius loved her
dearly and would never think Of
harming her new family, and the
cleric clinched the argument by
quotin passage in the Scriptures
where Daniel foretells how "a
king Of the north shall marry the
daughter of the king of the south"
The voting. which was made by
beating swords and battle-axes
against shields, occurred in the
small hours. The Gothic women.
who were anxious to proceed with
preparations for the royal we'd
ding, had threatened to cut OF
food and drink-a cloture Of a
kind.
Athaulf was allowed to marry
his Gala at the end Of the session.
and Olympiadoros, who attended
the wedding, noted that her throne
was higher than her swain's, in
recognition of her imperial rank.
Evening star., 1960-03-06

Dim Prospects

The Soviet press last week
devoted columns and pages to
the forthcoming Geneva 10
nation Geneva disarmament
talks. The articles rejected,
point by point, the phased plan
outlined by Secretary Of State
Herter to the National Press
Club on February Is.
When a lengthy article on an
important subject appears in the
columns Of IZvestia, the official
newspaper Of the Soviet govern
ment, and is signed Observer"
it is considered by diplomats to
be almost as official as a Kremlin
manifesto.
Last week such an article ap-
peared, and similar articles in
other Soviet newspapers and
periodicals. The subject was one
very close to Mr.. Khrushchev's
heart - disarmament. But the
discussion in the Soviet press
made it clear that East and West
Evening star., 1960-03-06

occasionally acquires pictures Of
individuals within a year Of their
death. Only reigning sovereigns
may be represented during their
lifetime.
The gallery has considerable
public appeal. Although not as
popular as London's National CAL
lery which averages about 100000
visitors a year, the Portrait GAL
lery attracts approximately 5000
annually.
A special committee Of the
Smithsonian's Board of Regents
under the Craftsmanship of John
Nicholas Brown of Rhode Island
is now making plans for our Ma
tional Portrait Gallery and con-
sulting with its proponents in
Congress. Senator Humphreys
bill provides for a director and an
advisory board including seven
leading private citizens as we'll as
the directors Of such Government
organizations as the National CAL
lery of Art, the National Collec-
tion Of Fine Arts, and the Library
Of Congress.
Leading art museum officials
Evening star., 1960-03-06
THE FOREIGN SCENE

Of Mai. Guevara's high position
as virtual economic chief of Cuba,
the department cannot help but
wonder If his remarks reflect off,
cial Cuban policy it would be
logical to conclude from Mr..
Guevara's remarks that he con-
siders that such 'enslavement'
would end were we to abandon our
preferential treatment as regards
Cuban sugar and pay the lower
world market price" Thus was
Cuba given a clear invitation to
renounce the subsidy and end the
"enslavement."
There were no visible develop
mentS during the week on the
plan to bring about some general
negotiations between Cuba and
the United States in an effort to
improve strained relations. Two
weeks ago the Castro government
suggested such talks, but attached
a condition: The United States
must guarantee that no action
would be taken during the
negotiations that would affect the
Cuban economy. Last Monday the
State Department replied that
talks would be welcomed, but
there could be no prior commit
ments.
On Friday, Havana was all ex-
citement again after a French
freighter loaded with munitions
exploded at dockside while being
unloaded. Premier Castro called
a special cabinet meeting, to be
televised on a nation wide hook
up; President Osvaldo Dorticos
took to TV to charge sabotage, "a
barbarous and criminal attack on
the people Of Cuba; the semi
official Castro newspaper Revolu-
cion said fatty that the United
Evening star., 1960-03-06
By ALICK DE MONTMORENCY
Contributing Writer

The worlds earliest recorded
parliamentary session was an all
night affair, concerned with a
race problem, and the threat of a
kind of cloture hung over the
proceedings.
This early legislative body pre-
dated the Westminster Parliament
by more than 800 years, and even
Iceland's Althing by more than
five centuries. 1t met late in the
year 412 AID. at Narbonne in
Southern Gaul, where the Visi-
goths were encamped on their way
to Spain. The proceedings have
been transmitted to us by OLYMPIC
adoros, a Greek traveller who
chanced to be there, and by Hida-
thus, Suevic chronicler who OBJ
tained them secondhand. Hida-
thus account, in six volumes and
in Spanish, is in the collection of
the Library of Congress.
The Visigothic Thing, which
ruled on matters of state such as
the election of a new king, the
declaration Of war, trials for high
treason, had been called by the
young king, Athaulf, who sought
permission to marry Gala Placi-
dia, a Roman princess who had
ridden west in the Gothic wagons
as a captive after the sack of the
Imperial City by the ViSigoths.
The law Of the Goths restricted
their princes to taking wives only
from the Gothic nation, which al
so included the kindred tribes Of
the Burgunds, Angles, Sueves,
Franks, Longobards, etc. Worse
still, Calais brother. the Western
Roman Emperor HonoriuS, wanted
her to marry one of his generals
and demanded her immediate re-
turn to him, and there was appre-
hension among the Northern Bar
Evening star., 1960-03-06

Continued From Page B-1
as undesirable as the rebel goal
secession and independence.
Earlier in the week Tunisian
sources disclosed that President
Eisenhower, during his December
trip to Europe, Asia and Africa,
had suggested to Tunisian Presi-
dent Habib Bourguiba that fat,
no-condition cease-fire might
pave the way for serious negotia-
tons for a permanent settlement
Of the Algerian problem. Officials
Of the Algerian Provisional Gov
ernment, which operates from
Tunis, were said to be agreeable
If the French would accept.
But Gen. de Gaulle'S words FRI
day and yesterday were not re-
assuring. They were tough talk"
and placed great emphasis on
military victory as the necessary
precondition for peace. Algiers
newspapers headlined the Presi-
dents remarks with enthusiasm.
since the "colons" are bitterly
opposed to any negotiations or
concessions to the Moslem Ma
tionalistS.
The settlers resentment over
Gen. de Gaulle's stern suppression
Of the colons' insurrection in
January was little allayed, ap-
parently, by his harsh comment
on the Moslem rebels. Leaflets
were scattered about in downtown
Algiers accusing Gen. de Gaulle
of being IAN accomplice in assas-
sination," the reference being to
ne rioting of January "a in which
% Europeans were killed. The
resident and his representatives
n Algeria were called "lice, scoun-
crels. traitors, liquidators and
cheats"
Evening star., 1960-03-06

landmarks, is considered a partic-
ularly appropriate setting for such
a gallery. The site was marked
on the LEnfant Plan of 1871 for
the construction Of an American
Pantheon. President Andrew jack
son commissioned the distin-
guished American Architect Rob-
ert Mills of South Carolina to
design the building. He did so in
1887 using the Greek Revival
style which he also selected for
the Treasury Department. After
the buildings completion in 1867
1t was used to house zoe, 900 models
OF American inventions until they
were moved to the Smithsonian's
National Museum at the end of
the century.
The Site Is Historic
AS the Patent Office Building is
naturally suited for museum pur-
poses, the cost of renovation
would be minor. Present plans
provide for the inclusion there of
both the National Portrait Gal
lery and the National Collection
OF Fine Arts although each COL
lection would be completely sep
Evening star., 1960-03-06
Costro'sCubu:
:nsIuved?

Maj. ErnestO Guevara, Fidel
Castro's close aide who Is direct
ing the Castro economic pro-
gram as head Of the National
Bank, charged Wednesday that
the subsidy paid by the United
States for Cuban sugar was
really economic enslavement."
Every year. under the provisions
Of the Sugar Act, the United
States assigns quotas to domestic
ana foreign producers Of sugar.
Then a premium Of about 2
cents a pound above the world
market price is paid to the sup
pliers. This years quota for Cuba
Is 3,l49,655 tons, and the premium
paid amounts to some $3.50 million.
But Fidel Castro's regime ap-
parently doesn't want all that
slnoney. The man who is direct
ing the naturalization and ex-
preparation program now going on
says Cuba is being "enslaved"
because the United States de-
niands, in return for the sugar
subsidy, preferred tariffs for their
manufactured products, making it
impossible for native products or
the manufacturers of other coun-
tries TO COmnete
Ernesto "Che" Guevara, Ar
gentine-born physician and chief
lieutenant to Fidel Castro during
the revolution, did not explain in
figures how he drew this startling
conclusion. But American Off
cials were puzzled. How, even
with a preferential tariff, could
United States high-labor, high
cost goods under-price foreign
made, low wage products?
On Friday the State Depart
ment issued a challenge. IN view
-
Evening star., 1960-03-06
Fair Exchange?

The printed transcript of a
House committee hearing on a
supplemental appropriation bill
contains a typographical error
which could cause considerable
concern to a literal-minded So
Wet spy.
According to the transcript a
Congressman, Albert Thomas,
Democrat of Texas, quotes a
Treasury document as saying:
"The need for supplemental
funds at this time is two-fold-
(a) to provide for the necessary
expenses attendant to new
Offering under which E, F, and j
savings bonds may be exchanged
for H-bombs effective Janu-
ary /. :"
Evening star., 1960-03-06

States had caused the explosion,
in which at least so were reported
killed or missing. The United
States had pledged that these
arms would never reach Cuba"
said Revolution. But marine
sources in Havana harbor, re-
ported in the independent news
paper Information. ascribed the
explosion to the collapse Of a cargo
net filled with explosives.