davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-07-03
An Old Border Stores Up New Troubles

with coat of mail-in which he
soon drowned trying to swim
across the wide Irtysh River fully
armed. But Russian colonization
of the new lands in the east went
on.
BY 1854 the Russians had es-
tablished an "ostrog," or log fort,
on the Nercha River, in the Amur
Basin, which was at that time the
Black Dragon River Territory Of
China, when a Russian patrol
clashed with the Manchu banner
men who policed the area for the
Emperor of China.
In the war which followed En-
peror K'ang-Hsi routed the forces
of Peter the Great, and in the
subsequent Peace of Nercha, which
was drawn up with the help of
French and Portuguese mission
aries, the Russians promised in
Manchu, in Chinese, in Latin. in
French and in their own language
that che Black Dragon River ter
ritory would remain Chinese for
ever.
For two centuries the Cars
honored the promise, but in 1860,
with British guns pounding at Pc
king and with Emperor Tung Hsi
a mortally-ill refugee in the Jehol
Province, the temptation to re-
nege became too great. There
upon, two Russian ENJOYS, Prince
Poutiatin and Gen. Ignatiev, per-
Suaded Prince Kung, who was in
charge of government affairs in
Peking. to yield the Black Dragon
River territory to Russia.
Infested by Snow Tigers
In reporting to his sovereign
the territorial cession. Kung
sought to minimize the loss. 1t
was, he said, "a sterile region in
habited by robbers and infested
by snow tigers, with a rugged sea
coast where no Chinese sail was
ever seen."
Prince Kung also told the En-
peror that no mandarin could pos
sibly make a living in the whole
ceded area.
Today, however, this "sea coun-
try" CPrimorsky Kray), as the
Russians call the Amur region, is
a tremendously rich area, with
immense grain fields, great mines,
modern steel plants and armament
factories.
Exactly a hundred years ago
in the early summer of 1860
without waiting for the formal
cession of the territory. Russian
naval forces landed at the south
ern tip of it, and, together with
CossackS who had ridden in over
land. founded the city of Vladi-
voStok.
This awkward centennial is now
obtruding on the uneasy Sino-
Soviet relations. bringing to the
fore the fateful equation of the
huge Chinese masses-some 670
million today and growing by IS
to 20 millions each year-and the
immense near-empty lands. once
Chinese, along their northern
border.
Evening star., 1960-07-03
THE FOREIGN SCENE

were specializing as the week ended
that the marathon discussions on
a nuclear test ban were also head
ed for an early suspension. If
they are, pressure from the Penta-
gon and the Atomic Energy Com
mission for new United States
test series will almost surely be
effective,
Evening star., 1960-07-03

still sent rare white beaver pelts
to Dowager- Empress Tseu-Hi.
Russian encroachments into ST.
IBERIA began in 1880. In that year
Ivan III, Prince of Muscovy, threw
off the yoke Of the Tartars and
pursued those fast-riding nomads
into their Eastern domains. which
comprised ill-def1ned regions Of
Chinese suzerainty. Ivan III only
slightly dented those outlying
Chinese borderlands, but things
got going under his grandson,
Ivan the Terrible.
A Cossack chieftain, the ata-
man Yermak, having incurred the
dread Cars displeaSure by his
depredations on the royal domain,
was dispatched eastward with his
600 Cossacks to redeem them
selves"
History Of Siberia
The bold plainsmen duly
conquered the Kingdom of Sibir-
the nucleus of present-day Siberia
and Yermak paid homage for
it to Ivan w in the Kremlin. He
regaled the cruel Gar with Won
drous tales of hairy elephants and
other unheard-of beings who peo-
pied the new realm, including
men with two heads and others
without any head at ALL" who,
the Cossack chieftain said, lurked
in the territory.
He was forgiven and presented
Evening star., 1960-07-03
Congo Trouble

In the Congo, where violence
has marked the preparations for
independence for many weeks. the
King of the Belgians, Baudouin,
personally proclaimed independ-
ence for the huge colony that was
once the personal property Of
Baudouin's great grandfather,
Leopold. All went we'll during the
ceremonies, but the new Premier,
Patrice Lumumba, took the oc-
casion to deliver an unscheduled
and fiercely militant speech re-
citing the wrongs suffered by the
Congolese at the hands Of colonial
masters.
Evening star., 1960-07-03
U. N. Next Stage
On Disarmament

decision not to make a new West
ern move. Essentially the same
March 16 plan was put into new
language, with one or two details
modified. This paper was shown
to Soviet delegate Valerian Zorin
last week end. and on Monday he
broke of the dance and went over
to the corner to sit it out.
The West can, and has, insisted
that the dance be resumed in a
bigger ballroom. But unless West
ern diplomats come forward with
something new, there is no as
surance that they will win the ap-
plauSe of the audience.
Not Very Practical
1t would be self f-deception to as
sumo that the plan put forward
officially in Geneva after the So
Wet walkout will appeal to the
U. N. 1t 10 better than the Soviet
plan, but this is about all the ex-
perts here will say about it. Nei-
ther scheme is considered practi-
cal and negotiable.
What the United States prob
ably will try to do is to sell new
and updated open-skies plan. Un-
less the updating is drastic and
spectacular, however, it is not
likely to take the U. N. by storm.
Open skies means target identi-
f1cation to many in the U. N, just
as it does to many in the Penta-
gon and practically everyone in
the Kremlin.
Cynics here say that the only
buyers for an open-skies plan
would be the American electorate.
If Washington's purpose is to
restore the shattered image Of
the Eisenhower administration as
an international peacemaker, this
purpose might be served, it
is said.
But if what is wanted is effec-
tive diplomatic leverage on the
Kremlin, via enthusiastic U. N.
backing for the West. something
much more substantial will be
required, in the judgment Of most
observers here. What pressure
there is, therefore, is likely to be
on the West to come forward
with new ideas. In this sense.
the debate-sought by the West
earlier than Russia wanted it
may boomerang.
The situation in a nutshell is
this:
The Russians approach the
U. N. debate ready to wall;
they did not want even a propa-
ganda battle until September, let
alone negotiations. Every sign is
that Moscow does not intend to
negotiate until a new administra-
ton has taken Office in Washing
ton.
Q The West, for its part, charges
boldly into the area riding not
horse but a shaggy Newfound-
land dog.
The real tragedy. observers here
say, is that the prospects Of dis
armament are so slight. No one
is making a serious dent in the
overriding peril of our times.
Evening star., 1960-07-03

regular session began. Mr.. zorin,
the first delegate recognized by
the Polish chairman, charged the
West, particularly the United
States, with deliberately stalling
the negotiations while stepping up
the arms race. He stated Moscow's
intention to take the disarma-
ment issue back to the United
Nations General Assembly in Sep
tember, then stalked out Of the
chamber followed by the delegates
Of Poland. Czechoslovakia, Roma
MIA and Bulgaria.
Evening star., 1960-07-03
Continued From Page d.

Continued From Page d.
not commendable. The disclosure
Of error came in a formal COM
plant to the Organization of
American States Wednesday. In
language unusually severe, the
memorandum accused Cuba in II
forceful pages of ian intense
campaign of distortion, half
truths, and outright falsehoods
against the Government of the
United States, it's officials, and
the people of the United States"
Evening star., 1960-07-03
NEW LAW HAILED
BY ANN COTTRELL FREE
Contributing Writer

Last Friday brought into near
reality the benefits of the first
of a number of Federal laws de-
signed to protect animals from
needless pain and fear.
This is the humane slaughter
law.
AS it goes into effect-nearly
two years after its pasSage-this
country joins Is others (ncluding
the Fiji 1slands) in granting
merciful dispatch to millions of
Our meat animals.
The hard-fought campaign to
pass this law has acted as a spur
for even greater concern for
animal welfare. The humane
movement has been growing in
recent years.
When thousands of little Davids
tackled ore of the Goliaths of
American industry-the meat
packers-and won. they showed
that in the face of cruelty, the
phrase there ought to be law
is no longer an empty one.
And Congress has learned on
several occasions that when hu-
man beings give voice to the suf-
fering of voteless dumb creatures,
they do so with articulate forceful-
ness
Evening star., 1960-07-03
By WILLIAM r. FRYE
Contributing Writer

UNITED NATIONS. N. Y.-The'
disarmament spotlight now shifts
to the United Nations.
After three months of fruitless
wrangling at Geneva. climaxed by
a Soviet-bloc walkout, the arms
control issue has been brought
back whence it came - to the
town meeting" of the whole
world community.
A change in venue does not
automatically mean a change in
the substance of negotiations.
What it does mean-what Nany
U. N. debate really means. veter-
ans here SAYS that the respec-
tive sides test out their positions
on the litmus paper of world cpin-
ion, notably Asian opinion, and
base future actions on the results.
The side that gets the negative
reaction is under pressure to come
around. Il
The West seems confident that
it will get the positive reaction.
It bases this belief on two judg-
ments.
o That the Soviet walkout at
Geneva has placed Moscow in a
bad moral and propaganda posi-
ton; and
o That Western disarmament
proposals will stand up better
under impartial scrutiny than
Soviet ideas.
The IndefensibIe Move
The first of these assumptions
is almost universally accepted.
The tactic of stomping out of a
negotiation Just when the other
side is about to make a proposal
is impossible to defend before any
impartial tribunal. The West
should have a field day in the
early stages of debate.
But when the initial fun is over
and the argument settles down to
substance, there is less confidence
that the West will be on solid
ground.
Disarmament negotiations are
something like a minuet. When
one side makes a step, the other
is expected to respond-even if the
initial move did nothing more
than correct a posture which
should never have been assumed
in the first place.
The Russians made a move on
June 2. 1t amounted to correcting
some of the more grotesque dis
tortions in its previous position.
But it was move, and much neu-
tralist opinion welcomed it. Indian
Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru,
for example, said it represented
progress.
The West then had to decide
how to respond. Some American
allies urged a recasting of the
Western plan. They wanted to
seize, or attempt to seize, upon
some of the new handles in the
Soviet proposal. Chief United
State negotiator Friedrich Eaton
came back to Washington for in
structions.
What resulted was, in effect,
Evening star., 1960-07-03
The Element of Mercy

1t seems, then, that humani-
tarians-driven by their unquiet
consciences-have added some
thing new to both the quality and
quantity of mercy.
They've put animal welfare into
politics if seeking congressional
help can be called politics.
And the first political party-or
candidate-to adopt the aims of
the active humanitarians may get
exceptional results.
So, as greater compassion comes
to many slaughter houses, the
stage is being set for other humane
campaigns. Among them is better
care and treatment of millions of
laboratory animals that serve man.
Legislation to this effect has al
ready been introduced in both
Houses of Congress.
Supporters of this type of legis-
lation may be cheered (and op-
ponents forewarned) to know that
most of the groups that fought
humane slaughter the hardest
have stayed to welcome it-even
enthusiastically.
When the law went into effect
Friday, most of the Nations big
packers were in near compliance.
At the last minute, due to some
small plants being unable to OBJ
tain equipment in time, bill was
introduced to extend the deadline
for them until September /.
Provisions of the Bill
But by and large after July /,
the United States Government
must contract for meat that comes
from a packing firm which
slaughters all its meat in all its
plants by humane methods. The
packers doing business with the
Government slaughter large
amount of the Nations meat.
Meatpackers that do not sell
Evening star., 1960-05-10
ideal" Eastwood
ROLL-UP SHADES
: 90
e-ft. long, 3z-in. wide

The SNORT keep out Thereby protecting your lovely fur
hnh9s ono Let eoo Ogezes n 6oss~o4d shode hove all the
Pohes and recreation decorator look Made by War
Shades Of green 70" boswood sots with tops CON-
pete with fixtures and cords.
Evening star., 1960-05-10
gift Of enduring beauty
GORHAM


At heart every girl brde young -morred graduate
-. is Gorhom GIRL SO give her the sterling she'd choose
herself! wealth Of beautiful Pottens from which to
choose, including the newest potterns A. Secret
Garden and B. FireIght
Four-Pc place settings in
eude Knife, Fork, Sood 22.05 to 29. q ,.s p"
Fork, Teaspoon
Exro pieces and serving pieces available in all poerns
Konns-Siker-steet Floor, Both Stores
Evening star., 1960-05-10

Upholey-Thrd Floor Washington Lower Level Arlington
Evening star., 1960-05-10

" you cant leave home
coll by phone-Dl. 7-7200
Arizona tribune., 1960-01-22

PHILADELPHIA-Negro pu-
pills total As per cent of the
245,000 public school en-
rollees. More than sixty pei
cent of the school faculties
are integrated, too.
Arizona tribune., 1960-01-22
.~Epi8rins~
LITTLE FARMER
OFF MAIN STREET

A communist is a feller who
hopes he's right when he knows
he's wrong.
Life magazine is offerin' folks
Life at half price, is LIFE worth
it?
If that dog that howls at the
moon is patient he may soon git
there.
If life seems fruitlesS try a
little applesauce.
Arizona tribune., 1960-01-22
RACE RELATIONS DIARY

SAN FRANCISCO-Dave Bru-
beck'S jazz aggregation will
not play at the Memphis State
University. Students denied
the performance was cancel
led because of the mixed
band which includes one
Negro.
LOUISVILLE-The Board of
Education revealed an in
crease of 61a per cent of city
pupils enrolled at integrated
schools.
Navajo times. [volume] (Window Rock, Ariz.) 1960-1984, 1960-08-04
Letter To
The Parents
Dear Parents:

Dear Parents:
| am happy to have this chance
to write to you again. During the
past several years, / have writ
ten many letters to you from Inter
mountain Shhool. l was sad to
Leave that fine school which serves
SO many Navajo boys and girls,
.ukSt l was happy to come to Win
)elOw Rock as Director of your
schools.
Before, l was able to help only
those boys and girls who came to
Inter-mountain School, and now /
hope to be able to help all Navajo
boys and girls who live on the
Reservation.
AS you know, there are many,
many people in many places who
are working very hard for and
with our Navajo children. They
know, and / know, that we need
your help as the loving parents
of these fine young people.
All children listen more to their
parents than to anyone else. If
as parents, you say to your boys
or girls, 1T is good to go to
school and get an education, '.'the
children will say to themselves.
"Our parents are wise. and we
should do as they ask u.s.
Your E due ation Committee
Chairman, Dillon Platero. and the
members of his committee ar e
working very closely with our
school people and with all of our
Navajo parents to try to get all
Of our children into school. These
committeeman visit all of the
schools serving Navajo children
and when they come to your chap
ter meeting or your hogan, they
can tell you personally about the
school where your children are
enrolled.
Navajo times. [volume] (Window Rock, Ariz.) 1960-1984, 1960-08-04
Plans For


An annual event that has be-
come an integral part of the over
all plans for enrolling young Ma.
vajo boys and girls in schools,
has just taken place at Fl. De.
fiance, Ariz. July q and %.
This was the occasion for orient.
ing group of SO off-reservation
school personnel which will spend
the next several weeks assisting
in the enrolment of some 6,OOC
young people in several off-reser-
walton schools that participate in
the Navajo Educational program.
Under the leadership of Edward
Mays, Education Specialist, who
serves as the liaison officer with
the schools away from the reser-
walton, the two days were spent
in detailed review of the en-.
rollment processes, the types OF
school programs available and the
policies established for off-reser
walton school tnrollment.
Our school officials en- the res
ervation are indebted to the Off
reservation superintendent for
permitting these people to come
voluntarily to assist in this i'm
portant work.
At the same time, we are pos
tive, that these teachers, advis-
ers and Institutional aids will be
better informed about reservation
life and the place which the chill
dren know as home. The school
people can then be more success
full in their guidance work at the
school where they work.
We know it represents the best
in cooperation among the many
people involved; the parents, the
Tribal Education Committee and
all professional school people.
We hope you will welcome these
people when they come to your
home.
Navajo times. [volume] (Window Rock, Ariz.) 1960-1984, 1960-08-04
Annie Wauneka Has
Trip To Alaska

Mrs. Annie D. Wauneka, only
woman member of the Navajo
Tribal Council, and daughter of
the late Chez Dodge, is in Anchor
age, Alaska, where she is attend.
ing a meeting of the advisory
board on Indian health of the Uni
ted States Public Health Service
to discuss Indian health problems.
Mrs. Wauneka was appointed by
the Surgeon General of the United
State Public Health Service to the
Advisory board about four years
ago. She has been appointed to
the board for a second term.
While in Alaska Mrs. Wauneka
Navajo times. [volume] (Window Rock, Ariz.) 1960-1984, 1960-08-04
EDITORIAL
alcohol At Flood Stage

Alcoholism is at flood stage. We mean that quite
literally Alcohol is flooding our youths right out of
their homes they being carried on the crest of its
wave to the highways, into the towns into jails into
life of hopeless degradation and utter despair for
themselves, and their families
Alcohol the Reservation has become devas-
tatlng force that is destroying human life Excessive
consumption of alcohol has replaced tuberculosis as
the number one health menace it destroys physically
mentally, morally and socially. When our young peo-
pie become slaves of bottle, they put themselves
IN bondage far than the plight of prisoners of
war PRISONERS OF want to escape to better Wav
of lfe but the prisoners of the bottles and bars have
become enslaved by alcohol that they sink lower,
and lower and finally have desire to live the life of
a normal happy person and become an insufferable
burden on their families and on society,"
We cannot afford to be Indifferent or careless
about this tremendous problem that facing each and
every of the leaders of our people to engage the
help and support of everyone concerned The problem
of excessive consumption of alcohol is too wide spread
and too nsdious to attempt to effect cure overnight
1t is going to take time, it is going to take educa
ton through wholesome recreatonal activities in ev-
eryday Navajo community life.
1t is our responsibility as parents and elders to
guide younger generation into the right and hap
Ply way of life.
1t might be especially difficult in these transition
al times that going through to give our young
people the sound moral values that they should have
but can be done by working together We know that
eventually shall be able to control this health haz
ard but cannot do by just waiting and hoping for
the best, it is going to take action on our part to
spearhead substitute activities.
Navajo times. [volume] (Window Rock, Ariz.) 1960-1984, 1960-08-04
Sincerely yours,
Thomas Tommaney
Director of Schools
Navajo Agency
Window Rock, Arizona
Acoma Graveyard
Place of Mystery

Between rs and 100 carved adobe
figures grace the top of an adobe
wall surrounding one of the most
unique graveyards on the North
American continent.
Seven thousand feet above sea
level, the graveyard is located on
a strange rock island 357 feet
above the valley floor.
The Acoma Indians who live in
the pueblo adjacent to the old
mission church and graveyard tell
visitors that although the figures
are called guardians of the gray
es'' they do not know why they
were necessary. The guide usually
explains that the Indians "think
of it as some odd Spanish or Mex
lean custom of long ago."
It took forty years II hard la
Dor to build. Under The direction
OF the priest the Indians had to
build a giant frame of stone
Navajo times. [volume] (Window Rock, Ariz.) 1960-1984, 1960-08-04

there. She Travelled by plane, leav-
ing Gallup July % and is expected
to return Aug. 6.
Mrs. Wauneka said she was
most interested in studying the
program for tuberculosis control
in Alaska. Chairman of the health
committee, of the Navajo tribe,
Mrs. Wauneka has worked to CO.
ordinate the efforts of the former
Indian Health Service of BIA, the
U. S. Public Health Service and
Cornell university in the control
of tuberculosis.
Navajo times. [volume] (Window Rock, Ariz.) 1960-1984, 1960-08-04

wall first, then fill it with earth.
The only way up that precipitous
rock to the mesa on top, was by
stone toe and hand holds chisaled.
in the rock face with primitive
tools.
Up this steep stairway" every
bit of tons and tons and tons of
earth we're carried on the backs
of the Acoma Indians, women and
men and possibly teenage child
rem. Backful by backful they made
their dangerous climb for 40 years
until the burial place and wall
were completed.
Even to the Acoma the place is
full Of mystery. From the looks
of the ground today it appears
that few were buried there, though
no one knows how many mounds
have been leveled by wind and
time. These children of the sun"