davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-10-09

lieved the capitation tax pro-
posal was unconstitutional be-
cause civilians would not have
equal rights.
The second amendment would
enable two or more counties,
or counties and cities jointly,
to elect certain local Govern
ment officials.
AS the constitution now
stands, each locality must elect
its own treasurer, commission
er of revenue, clerk. Common
wealth's attorney and sheriff
or city sergeant.
The change would permit
two or more localities, if a ma
jority of the voters in each
agreed, to elect one official in
each category who would serve
both or all of the localities
participating.
On the second constitutional
question, Mr.. Rathbone said it
was "the opening wedge of
metro government" and would
move the government farther
away from the people"
Evening star., 1960-10-09

for hospitals, parks and control
of river pollution, home rule for
the District and Statehood for
Hawaii and Alaska.
Mr.. Broyhill made few direct
replies and instead cited spe-
cific accomplishments he said
he achieved during his eight
years in Congress.
He said he had supported
legislation authorizing $40 mil
lion in Federal contributions to
Northern Virginia schools, con-
Struction of four Potomac
bridges and the Dulles Interna-
tional Airport. establishment of
a mass transit authority for the
metropolitan area, benefits for
Federal employees and sewers
which he said would eliminate
81 per cent of the pollution of
the Potomac.
Evening star., 1960-10-09
Robinson Hit.
Over Praise
For Nixon

RICHMOND, Oct. 8 (AP).-|
The national NAACP voter reg
iStration director today criti-
cized former Brooklyn Dodger
baseball star Jackie Robinson
for his speech indorsing Vice
President Nixon at the State
NAACP convention last night.
John M. Brooks said Mr..
Robinson did a terrible" thing
in urging civil rights propo-
nents to support Mr.. Nixon,
the Republican presidential
nominee, because of Mr..
Nixon's straightforward" ap-
proach.
Mr.. Brooks said Mr.. Robin
son, before the former ball
players speech last night, had
been asked not to inject parti-
san politics into the rally
launching the State NAACP's
25th annual convention.
Mr.. Brooks, addressing vo-
ter registration workshop at
Virginia Union University. said
the National Association for
the Advancement of Colored
People is nonpartisan.
In his speech, Mr.. Robinson
described Mr.. Nixon as stronger
on civil rights than Senator
Kennedy, his Democratic OPP
ponent.
He told 400 NAACP delegates
he had received a straight an
swer from Nixon" on civil
rights but had not from Sena-
tor Kennedy. Mr.. Robinson is
a national director of the
NAACP and recently was en-
listed in the Nixon. campaign
organization.
In other business, Negro
clergymen urged the delegates
to boycott merchants and other
businessmen who do not treat
Negroes fairly. The clergymen
said this practice is in line with /
moral precepts.
They also said racial pride |
"is a false and objectionable
notion" and that NAACP work
should mot be done in an
attitude of bitterness"
Two other clergymen told the
delegates it is morally wrong
for voters to reject a political
candidate for his religious be-
liefs.
Evening star., 1960-10-09
6. O. P. Unit Picks z

/. RICHMOND. Oct. 8 (AP) j..
Two Alexandria men have
been named regional vice
chairmen of the American
Nationalities for Nixon-Lodge,
9 division of the volunteers
for Nixon-Lodge organization.
The two are DR.. L. E. Dobrian-
sky and Stephen j. Skubik.
Evening star., 1960-10-09

Gratis, the Attorney General ex-
pressed the same concerns
voiced by others with National
Democratic Party policies and
. platform.
But, said Mr.. Harrison, who
is regarded as a probable can
didate for Governor next year,
he is Democrat by inheri-
tance, residence and prefer
ence and added:
State Preference
Notwithstanding the appre-
tensions and disagreement of
many whose opinions l re-
spect, and who are also deSir-
GUS Of making a correct de-
cision, I shall vote in the COM
ing election for the nominee of
the Democratic Party, State
and national"
Mr.. Harrison made his dec
laration in a speech prepared
for delivery at a Wythe County
Democratic rally in the 5th
congressional district - the
district of Representative Tuck
who along with Senator Byrd
and Representative Smith has
been silent on his presidential
preference.
Mr.. Harrison's address was
far from any ringing reclara-
tion designed to stir a 60
gettem spirit. Rather it was a
dispassionate review of the
problems Southern Conserva-
tives faced-from the liberal
tone of both Republicans and
Democratic parties.
Sees Link to FEPC
But. he said, nothing could
be accomplished by Democrats
in leaving their party, which
Evening star., 1960-10-09
Bottle to Speak

HARRIsONBURG. Va, Oct.
8 (AP).-Former Gov. John
S. Battle will address a Rock
ingham = Harrisonburg Demo-
cratic rally for the Kennedy
Johnson ticket October %, To-
cal campaign manager Henry
C. Clark announced.
The rally, at the fairgrounds,
will include a chicken barbecue
and a band concert.
Evening star., 1960-10-09
Ambassador to Talk,

ROANOKE, Va, Oct. 8 (APJ.
= Ambassador Braj Kumar
Nehru of India is due to ad-
dress the 18th Virginia World
Trade Conference here October
IA. Gov. Almond will intro
duce the diplomat.
Evening star., 1960-10-09
Virginia Boards Urge
Sales Tax for Education

ROANOKE, Va, Oct. 8 (AP)
The Virginia School Boards
Association today indorsed a
State sales tax to be used for
educational purposes.
The sales tax resolution was
part OF a six-point program
urged by association members
from school boards over the
State.
A sales tax recommended by
Gov. Almond was rejected in
the last session of the General
Assembly.
Other resolutions adopted by
the group asked more State
funds for use by local school
districts for school conStruc-
ton. higher pay for teachers,
a clear and equitable formula
for distribution of school
funds, continuation of the Vir-
einia Commission on Public
Education and broader studies
into educational uses of tele-
vision and other modern schol-
astic tools.
DIR. Joy Installed
DR.. Barnard Joy of Arlington
took over tonight as president
Of the organization, succeeding
Mrs. Bess Willis Shrader of
Amherst.
W. M. Gravatt, jr., of Motto
way County, was named presi-
dent-elect of the association to-
day at its annual convention.
Elected today to the execu-
tive board were Henry c. Reed,
of the Martinsville
School Board; Francis j. Co.
oenhaver of Smyth County
School Board, and w. Roy Brit
Jon of the South Norfolk School
Board.
DR.. George w. Holmes III, of
Charlottesville will continue as
executive secretary.
In an address last night, the
:hairman of the Richmond
City School Board said the
States school desegregation
lispute cut into the power of
Evening star., 1960-10-09
Democrats Get Bockino
Of Another Virqinion

WYTHEvnILE, Va, Oct (AP).-Attorney General Al
bertls s. Harrison , tonight pledged his support the
Democratic presidential ticket and said if the
November will measure to he duty of decision and the
necessity for action. 1t has in the past"
In adding his voice to the growing list of elected
Evening star., 1960-08-24

Mr.. Churchill broke in with a
pointed objection.
He said "he thought that the
President had said that he
would not recognize the present
governments of Romania and
Bulgaria"
The record continues:
THE President admitted that
this was correct, but said they
were now agreeing only to
examine the question"
Mr.. Churchill replied that
this would "mislead" the pub
lie. When Stain asked, "Why?"
the Briton answered that it
implied recognition of these
governments.
The question, like so many
others at Potsdam, was referred
to the Foreign Ministers for
their recommendation. And like
so many other problems at
Potsdam, it was never settled.
And the arguments, the secret
papers, the fragmentary notes
of private talks between the
most powerful men in the
world, all went under lock and
key in State Department files
for Is years.
Evening star., 1960-08-24

Government is not Fascist, a
government is democratic"
When Mr.. Churchill ccm-
planned that the British mis-
sion in Romaniia was shut in
by IAN iron fence" Mr.. Stain
snapped back: "All fairy tales"
Mr.. Churchill retorted that
"even their motor cars which
operated within the permitted
bonds were followed by other
cars which supervised their
every movement"
Churchill Stands Pat
Mr.. Molotov then proposed an
amendment" to the Russian
demand for immediate recog-
milton of the Bulgarian and
Romanian governments. He
suggested a statement that
"the three governments agree
to consider each separately in
the immediate future the estab-
liShment of diplomatic rela-
tionS" with the new regimes
in the liberated nations.
Mr.. Truman, according to
the conference papers, said he
saw no objection to this, but
Evening star., 1960-08-24

the IL zone of Germany to see
what the Russians had seized
in Baltic ports.
When Stain demanded a
joint declaration denouncing
Franco Spain, and the Big
Three got into a wrangle, Stain
and Mr.. Truman proposed re-
ferring the matter to the
Foreign Ministers for study
Mr.. Churchill, declaring that
this was a matter of "prin-
ciple." refused. He said it was
a question of not interfering in
internal affairs of a non-bellig-
erent.
When Stain then proposed
"a broader declsration-to cover
AL countries" and not Just
Spain, but obviously still aimed
at Spain-Mr. Churchill waded
in with biting irony. His an
SWer, as reported in the ver-
batim record of the session:
Our action in other coun-
tries is because of their involv-
ment in the war. OF course,
if you wish to make a declara-
tlon OF general principles re-
garding governments which
have not achieved these prin-
Evening star., 1960-08-24

ciples, that is different. That
declaration is in the American
Constitution. We can't i'm
prove it,"
When dispute arose over
denials of freedom in Commu-
nist-controlled Yugoslavia and
Mr.. Truman announced that he
had not come to Potsdam to
waste time listening to COM
plants" or sit "as a court, ("
Mr.. Churchill rebuked him.
He said he wished to observe
with great respect that the
United States was very inter-
ested in the carrying out of
the Yalta agreement The
Presidents predecessor had at
tached Importance to this mat
ter, and, if I recall correctly,
much of the drafting had been
by Americans"
This brought from Mr.. Tru-
man a quick statement that
he, too. wanted the Yalta agree
ment observed. Insofar as the
United States is concerned" he
added briskly, II intend to carry
it out to the letter."
Mr.. Eden, too, was quick with
the needle. The three Foreign
Evening star., 1960-08-24

the British Empire had, bee,
consulted regarding elections
in Roumania and Bulgaria.
"Mr. Eden replied that it hac
not.
"Mr. Molotov confirmed thi.
statement.
"Mr. Eden pointed out the
difference between Greece
where all parties would par
ticipate in the election, anc
Bulgaria, where the vote woulo
be only for or against a sci
list. This did not meet the Brit
ish idea of democracy.
The press of the world
could send anything out OF
Greece, and this included the
Tass (Soviet news agency rep
resentative. On the other hand,
British press representatives
could send nothing out of Ro-
mania or Bulgaria without ex-
tremely heavy censorship :"
On July "a, the Big Three
leaders met again. The subject
reverted to Romania, Bull
garia, and Italy.
Stain drew quick rebuttals
from Mr.. Churchill and Mr..
Truman when he said, IF a
Evening star., 1960-08-24

Ministers - Mr.. Eden, Vyache
slav M. Molotov and James F
Byrnes - got into a long argu.
ment about conditions in tht
liberated countries.
The official minutes in the
PotSdam papers record Mr..
Eden's remarks with diplomatic
restraint:
Eden with some warmth
stated that he would like tc
say at once that the descrip-
ton of Greece given in the So
Wet proposal is a complete
travesty Of fact"
Three-Way Battle
United States Secretary of
State Byrnes jumped into the
fight, too, and the three men
had one of the bitterest dis
putes of the conference. The
two WeSterners were operating
as a team here:
"Mr. Molotov stated that
there was no doubt of free elec-
tions in Romania and Bull
garia which would be held as
soon as candidates could be
nominated.
"Mr. Byrnes asked whether
Evening star., 1960-08-24
By FLETCHER KNEBEL and
CHARLES w. BAILEY

: The Potsdam Conference in
July, 1945, marked the end OF
Americas illusion that a peace
full world could be rebuilt from
the wreckage of World War II
The still-confidential unpub-
lished "Potsdam papers" tel
the story in verbatim quotes
more dramatically than coulc
any hindsight historical ac-
count.
The bulky papers, not sched-
uled for publication until after
the election this fall. revea
not only Soviet obstruction ano
deceit, but also divided counse
among Americans.
Although most American dip
lomats and military men were
warning of storms ahead, anc
United States leaders were in.
creasingly aware of Soviet du.
plicity. some advisers are re-
vealed in the long secret papers
as still believing that the Rus
slams would cooperate to make
the peace enduring,
Repeated Warnings
Throughout the file of con-
ference proceedings. position
papers, advance documents anc
secret messages, the British
Prime Minister Winsto or
Churchill and Foreign Minister
Anthony Eden-are shown re.
peatedly warning their United
States allies that disappoint.
ment and double-crossing lay
ahead.
The British, wise in the long
dark conflicts of Europe, went
to Potsdam without illusions
prepared to call the Soviets
every time they got out of line
And, the papers reveal. they
were also ready to jog the
Americans whenever they
thought it necessary.
On a whole range of ques-
tions-Russian looting, repres-
sion, violations of the Yalta
agreement, fomenting of rebel
lion. subversion-Mr. Churchill
and Mr.. Eden slugged it out
at the conference table while
the United States delegation
listened.
Mr.. Churchill took the Of
fensive early. Three days after
Germany surrendered, he ca
bled Mr.. Truman that the West
faced lone of the most mel
ancholy events in history" in
the Soviet advance. He first
coined his Iron Curtain"
Evening star., 1960-08-24

phrase to point up the problem
in top-secret messages.
Mr.. Churchill was aware that
there were divided opinions in
the United States Government
on RuSSia's postwar inten-
tions. In early June, Joseph E.
Davies came to London on a
special mission for. Mr.. Tru-
man. The former Ambassador
to Moscow reported to the
President that Mr.. Churchill
became vehement and even
violent in his criticisms of the
Soviet armies and officials in
the re-occupied areas"
Mr.. Davies report went on:
Il wished to give him my
judgment as to the Soviets. My
lopinion was that we could rely
upon the good faith of the So
Wet leaders:
/. To work for a practical
peace structure.
2. To cooperate with West
ern Europe as good neighborS
and not seek to proselytize
Europe, to the degree that was
consistent with her security as
against a possible implacable
religious. economic or political
hostility of Western neighborS. |"
Churchill Stalls Reds
Mr.. Churchill was not per-
suaded. At the very first Big
Three session in PotSdam,
when Marshal Stain opened up
by demanding that the Rus
slams receive reparations pay
ments from Italy. Mr.. Church.
i'll broke in: What about
Bulgaria and Romania?"
When the Russians present.
ed a paper complaining that
Greek troops were making
trouble on the Yugoslav and
Bulgarian borders. Mr.. Church.
i'll shot back with a rundown
on relative troop strengths
showing that Yugoslav. Al
banian and Bulgarian troops
far outnumbered the small
Greek border-guard force.
When Stain, pressing for
his share" of the German
navy and merchant fleet, de-
manded the right to inspect
ships in harbors occupied by
United States and British
forces, Mr.. Churchill replied
coolly that this would be per-
fectly all right-if the Soviets
would let Western officers into
Evening star., 1960-08-24

Fomous make Self-con.
toined Stereo Console. 4.
speed auto. record chang.
er with outo. shut-off
wide angle Stereo sound
dispersion; brand new
carton, {" 58.80
Evening star., 1960-08-24

Hl-Fl PORTABLE Tope Re
eorder, cosy TO operate
may be used as PA sys,
's%; ssg;o a,,s.S%.,, pSwi@4Sl $48
Evening star., 1960-08-24
THE POTSDAM PAPERS
PdrIey Ended illusion
. Of Peaceful World

This is the last Of O series Of four
orticles mode ovoiIoble to The Stor
through courtesy of the Woshinet eton
Bureau Of the Des Moines Register
8 Tribune.
Evening star., 1960-07-25
BY JAMES BIRCHFIELD
Star staff Writer

WASHINGTON, Va, July 25
One of the older buildings in
Washington, Va, which served
as a Presbyterian Church from
1858 to 1908, is to become q
new public library for all ot
Rappahannock County.
The old church, while built
later than the county court
house on the same street, re-
fleets the influence of Thomas
Jefferson on Virginia architec-
ture. 1t was built in the same
style as the court house.
Members of the library board
Of trustees, appointed by Cir
cult Court Judge Rayner v
Snead, have raised more thar
$4,000 of the estimated $4,000
to $4,000 needed for the job
After slow start the fund.
raising campaign is scheduled
to get into high gear this week
Interior renovation probably
will not begin until nearly
$4,000 has been collected.
A small group of Washington
wemen, headed by Mrs. George
H. Davis, jr., the towns former
Mayor, are responsible for say.
ing the old church building fol
a county library.
The group bought the church
early this year at a public auc-
ton and Immediately raised the
$4,000 to pay for it.
According to records. the OLD
Evening star., 1960-07-25
Suspect Facing
Sex Case Trial
SIushes Arm

A paroled sex slayer, await
ing transfer to Maryland tc
face a second rape charge
slashed his arm with a rusty
razor yesterday in a Darling
ton IS. c. jail yesterday.
William Henry Guthrie, SO
was found unconscious ahc
bleeding in his cell bunk. Jailel
Roy Williams called it an at
tempt Ito make us think he
was" attempting suicide. The
wound was treated by a ply
Sician.
Guthrie was arrested in Flor
ence, S. c., last Thursday after
FBI agents found him working
there as a house painter.
He was paroled last year aft
er serving seven years of a
5-to-20-year sentence for the
rape-murder of Washington
woman in 1851. He was freed
on $4,000 bond June 3 on a Sec
ond rape charge involving an
assault of an Arlington woman
in Seat Pleasant, Md, in May.
However, he failed to appear
June 20 for a hearing.
The FBI arrested him on a
charge of unlawful flight to
avoid prosecution. He is be-
ing held on $4,000 bond.
Evening star., 1960-07-25
Fuirfux Unit
Hits Delay in
lntegrution

The Fairfax County Council
on Human Relations today de-
nounced the county's plan for
desegregating schools one grade
a year.
The council said the plan is
inconsistent" with the Supreme
Court decision outlawing school
segregation.
1t also said the plan was
drawn under the erroneous
assumption that the citizens of
Fairfax County are opposed to
desegregation of the schools
and want their public officials
to forestall desegregation as
long as possible and by every
conceivable legalistic strata
tgem."
The plan approved by the
school board was presented by
the Federal Court last week.
Under it, three Negroes would
be permitted to enter white
schools this fall.
The council said the criteria
set up in the plan for determin-
ing assignments "are patiently
intended for the sole purpose of
minimizing racial desegregation
in the schools"
The peaceful, orderly deseg-
regation of lunch counters and
restaurants in our community,
which has hardly caused a
ripple, bears eloquent testi-
mony to the readiness of the
citizens for desegregation of all
facilities which are made avail
able for pubic use," said council
President Bert Seidman, in a
letter to the county school
board.
1--WE appeal to you once
again not to resist school de-
segregation in the courts" he
said. Your efforts cannot sue
ceed. There is no evidence that
they represent either the de-
sires or the needs of the COM
munity. They place an unneces-
sary financial burden on the
entire community"
Evening star., 1960-07-25
100. Train
At Summer
Encumpment

/ Seventeen hundred Washing
ton area men are serving their
two weeks annual summer
training with the D. C. Ma
tional Guard at the Indiantown
Gap Military Reservation, Pa.
The citizen soldiers will fin
i6h their work on July 80 and
head back to the area where
they will resume their one-a-
week drills.
AS part of this years training
program of realism and rug
gedneSs," every unit, including
headquarters, must spend a
minimum of four days and
nights in the field. AS part of
their bivouac training. the
guardSmen will be taught the
fundamentals of surviving in
an atomic battlefield.
The District Guard is COM
posed primarily of supporting
units-specialists in different
categorieS such as military po-
licemen. engineers, medics, and
ordnance maintenance men.
The first unit to arrive at
IndiantoWn last week was the
257th Army Band which sera-
Inaded the guardsmen when
they arrived. The band will also
leave a few hours earlier to play
for them when they reach
Washington.
Evening star., 1960-07-25
Peters to Head
Republican Club

Melville H. Peters, 37-year-
old BeltSville builder and real
estate developer, has been
elected president of the Prince
Georges County Young Repub-
lican Club.
Other officers are Edmund
Jaskiewecz, first vice president; ;
Kathleen Norris, second vice
president; William Bartlett
third vice president; Alderic
Sturtevant, treasurer; William
E. Brooke, iaison officer; Mary
j. Gilmore, corresponding Sec
retary; Martha l.. Bailey, rec
ording secretary, and Dorothy
Henshaw, national committee
woman.
Evening star., 1960-07-25
Langley Theoter
Looted of $4,000

An estimated $4,000 was
stolen early today from a safe
in the Office of the Langley
Theater, 8014 New Hampshire
avenue, Langley Park, Prince
Georges County police report.
Thieves ripped open the safe
door after either remaining in
the building at closing time OF
tripping the latch on an exit
door, according to police Pvt
Joe K. Brown. He said the loot
consisted of receipts from week.
end business yesterday, Satur-
day and Friday.
Evening star., 1960-07-25
GSA Autos Left in Weeds
Stir Call for House Probe

RICHMOND, July Is (AP)
The curious case of the covey
of dust-covered cars drew the
personal attention today of a
Virginia congressman anxious
to get to the root of the mat
ter.
Representative Gary, Demo-
crat of Virginia, promised to
inquire in Washington about
the fleet of Is station wagons,
sedans and pickup trucks which
has been picking up dust in a
Federal parking lot here for
weeks.
The vehicles were assembled
by the General Services Admin
istration. All are virtually brand
Evening star., 1960-07-25
II ARRESTED
In Rockwell
RuIIyHere

For the second time this
month, George Lincoln Rock
well, leader of the American
Nazi Party, was arrested yester-
day in Judiciary Square, along
with 13 of his uniformed troop
erS.
The 40-minute rally ended
when four of the troopers ad-
vanced on one heckling spec
tator and three on another,
bringing into action the Park
and Metropolitan police, who
had been watching Rockwell
exhort the crowd of 100.
One other person in civilian
clothes, who was siding with
the Rockwell group, also was
arrested. All were released on
$40 collateral each for a Munic-
ipal Court hearing Wednesday.
Rockwell, IL of his fol-
lowers and six spectators were
arrested on July 3 on the Mall
when fighting broke out. These
hearings have been postponed
to August 10.
Arrested yesterday were
Rockwell, James K. Warner
21; Roger C. Foss, 80; Richard
R. Braun, IS; John Patler, %,
and Daniel Burros, %, all CIV
ing Rockwell's Arlington Ad-
dress Of 928 North Randolph
street.
Also Daniel o. Honaker, 81,
Odenton, Md; Albin A. Wien
gen, 43, of the 400 block of
Owens street. Alexandria; Sam
Crutchfield, 26, of the 900 block
of Twentieth street NV;
Larry C. Denny, %, of the 800
block of North Greenbrier
SCreeC, Arlington.
Also Paul F. Donner, 81, of
the 1000 block of North Vernon
street, Arlington; Eugene B.
Collton. %, of the 1900 block
of South Tenth street, Arling-
ton; Dawson H. Grant, 30, of
the 200 block of Ninth street
NE; Louis B. Yalacki, 27, of
the 100 block of East Groveton
street, Alexandria; Bernard C.
HarrisS, 27, of the $500 block
of Michigan avenue, Baltimore,
and j. v. Kenneth Morgan, 35,
of the 200 block of Chinquapin
drive, Alexandria.