davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-08-19
Pilot Possibly
Could Leave
Soviet Last I
Death Penalty
Not Asked; Family
Sees U-2 Flyer
BY STANLEY JOHNSON
Associated Press Stan Writer

MOSCOW. Aug. The
Soviet Union tonight SEN
fenced Francis Gary Powers to
prison and then permitted him
to see his fearful wife behind
the scenes at the courtroom
where he was tried for his U-2
spy flight.
A military court gave the 81
year-old American pilot a 10
year-sentence for espionage
but modified that by specifying
only three years are to be spent
in prison.
The rest of the sentence Is
covered by deprivation of lib
erty." That may mean assign
ment to a special colony with
other prisoners, or possibly ex-
pulsion.
1t is entirely conceivable
that Powers may be sent out Of
the Soviet Union when his
prison term is finished. There
was nothing official on this, but
the feeling among some diplo-
mats and correspondents in
Moscow is that the Soviet
Union at this stage has no spe-
cial desire to keep Powers after
the excitement about him sLb-
sides.
Only Is Years Asked :,
The Soviet Unions top pen
atty for espionage is death by
shooting. Prosecutor Roman
A. Rudenko asked for a 15-year
sentence. Powers Soviet at
torney, goateed Mikhail I.
Griniov, asked for less, with
out specifying the years.
There is no appeal provided
for in the Soviet law, but
Powers wife has indicated her
intention to carry a personal
plea to Premier Nikita S. Khru-
shchev if she can see him. .
The handsome. Virginian
showed no emotion when he
heard the sentence. He stood
with arms folded as he heard
an English translation of this
outcome of his three-day trial,
a trial in which the Russians
tried to condemn the whole
foreign policy of the United
States in the cold war.
Powers was downed on a
May l fight which carried
him into the Soviet Union at
$4,000 feet. The incident led
to Wrecking of the summit
conference and cancellation of
the Soviet Unions invitation
to President Eisenhower to
visit the Soviet Union.
Wife and Mother Weep
The presiding judge of the
three-man court, 1t. Gen.
Victor Borisoglebsy, read the
verdict, reached in a confer
ence of 4 hours 35 minutes,
following summation. Thes
sentence. he said, runs from
May l, the date of Powers,
arrest.
A great burst of applause.
swept the courtroom, the Soviet
Trade Union Buildings vast
Hall of Columns. 1t lasted two
minutes.
Powers wife and mother,
See POWERS, Page AS
Evening star., 1960-08-19
BY WILLIAM HINES
Star Science Writer

The Air Force will try today
to duplicate last weeks spec
tacular first" of recovering
an earth satellite from it's out
erspace orbit.
The satellite, an 85-pound
package inside a 300-pound
payload launched yesterday. is
known as Discoverer XIV. It's
immediate predecessor. Discov-
erer XIII, was launched August
10 and recovered from the sea
near Hawaii August II.
Discoverer XIV was blasted
from Vandenberg Air Force
Base, Calf, atop a or-Agena
two-stage rocket at 1853 pm.
(EDT) yesterday. 1t went into
"a north-south polar" orbit
that swings it around the world
once every 9412 minutes at alti-
tudes varying between 116 and
502 miles.
Two Firings Yesterday
So busy has the space age
become, and so crowded" is
space, that these two events
occurred in connection with
the Discoverer launch:
/. A joint Army-Air Force
satellite venture called Courier
IA was launched at Cape Ca
naveral, Fla, exactly one min
Evening star., 1960-08-19

them landed in tie hands of
Soviet authorities
] realize that tie FMssian
people regard me as an en-
emy. but I should like to
stress that personally I do
not have and never have had
any enmity for the Russian
people.
I ask the court to judge me
not as an enemy but as a
man who is not an enemy of
the Russian people, a man
who never before had faced
a court on any charge what
soever and who deeply real
ICES his guilt. Thank you.
Evening star., 1960-08-19
KennedyP|ans
Pay Bill Stand
Goldwuter Sees
No Legislation
BY LEE Nj. COIN
Star STAFF Writer

Senator Kennedy said today
he will stand firm against
House efforts to punch holes
in his minimum wage bill,
passed by the Senate last
night, but Senator Goldwater
predicted Congress will quit
work without enacting any
wage legislation.
The Kennedy bill would
raise the minimum wage grad
ually from 81 to $1.25 an hour
and would extend coverage to
about 4 million workers who
now are excluded. The bill
passed by the House in June
would raise the wage floor to
$1.15 and extend limited COW
erage to IA million workers.
Senate and House conferees
are expected to try to reconcile
the two bills. Senator Gold
water, an Arizona Republican
who opposes all minimum wage
legislation. predicted the effort
will fail, hurting Senator Ken
nedy's presidential campaign.
THE bills are so diametrical-
ly opposed that I can't con-
ceive Of bill coming out of
conference" Senator Goldwa-
ter told a reporter.
Notes Previous Firmness
He noted that House con-
ferees on labor legislation last
year demonstrated their firm
ness when they forced Sena-
tor Kennedy to make major
concessions on his union re-
form bill.
There isn't enough time to
work out compromise at this
session." Senator Goldwater
said. He said Senator Kent
nedy, as the Democratic presi-
dental nominee, cannot af-
ford to yield enough ground
to make the legislation accept
able to the House.
His leadership qualities
would be darkened a Bit" he
said.
But Senator Kennedy said
he is more hopeful this year"
than last that the House con-
ferees will be f1exible-presum-
ably because he now is the
Democratic Party's leader. He
said he expects to make no
major concessions because the
Senate passed "a good bill"
by the big margin of 62-34.
There is some apprehension
See WAGE, Page AS
Evening star., 1960-08-19
HOW TO CAST
ABSENTEE VOTES

EVERY VOTE promises to be i'm
portont in the upeomins presiden-
tiol election, O adding additional
weight to obsentee voting by District
residents. The Stor todoy begins a
Stote-by-Stote summary Of OBJ
sentee voting methods on Poee B-8.
PERSONAL TRAGEDY outweiahs
international furor for the wives Of
the six United Stotes oirmen who
were shot down in the Borents Sea
neor the Russion border recently.
Associated Press Newsfeotures
Writer Norma Gouhn tells the story
Of their wives bitter experience
todoy on Poge D-5.
NUcLEAR SECRECY hos detected
its own purpose, soys Scientist Ed
word Teller, in urging the United
Stotes to q policy off "openness."
His ideos oppeor in the Policy for
Peoce" series on Poee OLA.
Evening star., 1960-08-19
Eisenhower Regrets
Severity Of Sentence


Powers family"
Mr.. Hagerty told newsmen:
Il think you could add to
this that the President and the
Secretary of State as we'll as
the State Department have
been following the trial case
very closely and do not intend
to drop their continued in
terest."
U. S. Plans Move
United States authorities in
dicated decision on just what
further move the United States
might make in Powers behalf
must await further information
about the developments in Mos
COW.
But highly placed authorities
made plain they fully intend
to push further in the case.
They spoke of seeking a re-
duction of the sentence, or re-
lease Immediately or eventu-
ally. of the United States flyer
Also. they noted that despite
repeated United States requests
no American has been allowed
to see Powers since he was cap
tured by the Russians May /,
except at the trial. Presumably
a renewed United States de-
mand for access to Powers
would be an initial step.
U. S. Wouldn't Prosecute
Before the sentence was pro-
nounced. highly placed officials
said Powers need not worry
about prosecution by the United
IStates if the Russians ever give
him freedom to come home, al
though prosecution might be
possible under several United
States statutes dealing with
divulging secret information.
Some legal authorities were of
the opinion that Powers might
in fact be subject to United
States military jurisdiction as a
technician accompanying and
supported by the armed services
overseas.
On another matter, Powers
pay, which the flyer told the
Soviet court was 100000 a year,
there was silence. officials in a
position to know declined to say
whether the pay continued
after Powers was captured by
the Russians.
Privately officials appeared
relieved that the Soviet prose-
cution did not ask for a death
sentence. A penalty short of
capital punishment had been
See PROSECUTION, Page Al
Evening star., 1960-08-19
POWERS FINAL PLEA

MOSCOW, Aug. 10 lAPJ-The tert of Francis Gary
Power final plea to his judges reported by the Soviet
neWS agency TdSS:
Evening star., 1960-08-19
TIE WEAFuED, Full Report
'H VINIHGN. on Pess Az

District and vicinity-Partly cloudy to-
night, low near Sc. Partly cloudy with a
chance Of afternoon thundershowers to-
morrow, high near &c. High and low of last
"a hours: High, "a, at 5 pm. yesterday;
low. Sc. at $50 am. today.
Evening star., 1960-08-19
Guide for Readers

0UIde TOT kedderS
Amuse'ts C-l0-ll Features D-l2-l3
Business ---B-6-7 Leisure Sp'rts A-l9
Classified C-l-9 Lost, Found --A-3
Comics -B-9-ll Obituary ----B-4
Crossword BIO Society
Editorial --- A-i2 Home Dill
Editorial Sports A. l4-l9
Articles Alb TV-Rodio --B.8
Have The Stor Delivered to
Your Home Dolly and Sunday
Dial Lincoln $4,000
Evening star., 1960-05-08
STAIN FRIEND
OF VOROSHILOV
By the Associated Press

One of aging Klementi Y.
VoroShilov's last appearances
in the news before he resigned
as Soviet president yesterday
resulted from a bit of byplay
with President Zhamsarangin
Sambu of Outer Mongolia.
Marshal Voroshilov arrived
at a Kremlin reception for
Mr.. Sambu and attempted to
help him up a short fight
of stairs by taking his arm.
They got onto an Alphonse-
CASTOR act as Mr.. Sambu, no
youngster himself, said he'd
go up alone. They wrestled
amicably for few seconds and
finally mounted the stairs in
dependently.
This episode is typical of
Marshal Voroshilov's later
years. His contacts with for
eigners we're many. He was
lively and interested traveller
abroad in the ceremonial posi-
Ition of president. But power
Evening star., 1960-05-08
HEADLINE PERSONALITIES
Rising Bureoucrot Succeeds
VoroshiIov, 79, old BoIshevik'

remained with Premier Nikita
s. Khrushchev.
Things weren't always like
that for Marshal Voroshilov, a
round-faced Ukranian with a
bull voice who used to harangue
party meetings by the hour.
Was Close to Stain
Marshal Voroshilov was
probably closer to Stain than
all the men in the old Soviet
hierarchy, and his friendship
with the old dictator may have
saved his neck more than once.
Marshal Klementi Yefrimo-
vich Voroshilov was born Feb
ruary 4, 1881 in the Ukranian
village of Erkhnee. His father
was a retired Czarist soldier
living on a small pension and
the scant earnings of a railway
watchman.
Klementi went to work in
the coal mines at the age of 6.
He attended school for two
years and quit at the age of IA
for factory work in the in
dustrial Donets basin. There
his life as a revolutionary
began.
At 18 he was jailed for Or
ganizing strikes. He was black
listed, returned to work three
years later and again took up
as an agitator.
Worked Underground
He worked underground with
Stain, spent four years in
prison and some time in exile
in Siberia. During the revolu-
ton he Joined Lenin's party
and in later years was hailed
as one of the last of the "old
Bolsheviks" who engineered
the 1917 revolution.
Under the Communist re-
gime. he headed the Soviet in
Lugansk, later called Voroshi-
lovgrad. Later he was city
commissar of Leningrad, one
of the organizers of the Cheka
Evening star., 1960-05-08

authority of the Job are being
increased to make it worthy of
Mr.. Khrushchev If it were de-
cided to make him chief of state
instead of just chief of govern
ment as he is now.
In any event, it seems OBJ
vious Mr.. Brezhnev would not
be content with a purely cere-
monial job but would continue
in the go-getting way he has
maintained throughout a spec
tacular career.
This is in contrast to Marshall
Voroshilov, an old Bolshevik and
intimate of Stain, whose
glories are mostly in the past.
In his letter of resignation.
read to a joint session of the
Supreme Soviet (Parliament)
today by Chairman Pavel Lo-
Evening star., 1960-05-08

(secret police) and a troop and
police commander in the civil
war. In 1921 he was elected to
the Communist Party central
committee and has remained a
member ever since, weathering
one purge after another.
Between the wars Marshal
Voroshilov held military posts
and rose to command of the
Red Army in 1894. But the test
of battle showed he was not to
be remembered in history as a
soldier.
He bore some OF the blame
for the collapse of Soviet arms
in the Soviet invasion of Fin
land in 1910. Stain saved him
from total disgrace.
Was Kicked Upstairs
In 1941 he commanded the
northeastern armies but was
unable to break the Nazi seige
of Leningrad. Stain kicked him
upstairs to the state committee
for defense, a five-man group
headed by the dictator himself.
After the war Marshal Voro-
shilov went back to Communist
administrative jobs and was a
member of the Soviet control
commission for Hungary that
led to the Communist takeover
there.
With Stalin's death in 1858,
Marshal Voroshilov, by then
Evening star., 1960-05-08

banov Of the House of Union,
Marshal Voroshilov gave the
unsatisfactory state of his
health as the reason for quit
ting.
He has long complained of
not feeling well. Added to this
is the grief caused by the death
Of his wife last autumn.
Evening star., 1960-05-08

.72-years-old. was fading into
the background. In the reorgan-
ization that followed, he became
chairman of the Presidium of
the Supreme Soviet-the Soviet
version of parliament - and
thus president.
Mr.. Khrushchev denied him
his final honor in 1859 when
the bouncy Soviet premier
visited the United States. Mr..
Khrushchev insisted on being
received as head of state and
kept Marshal Voroshilov at
home so no one would steal
the spotlight.
Evening star., 1960-05-08
BY the Associated Press

Leonid I. Brezhnev, the new
president of the Soviet Union,
is a stocky, bush-browed bu-
reaucrat who has shown the
ability to save his political
skin.
Virtually unknown to the
outside world, Mr.. Brezhnev
symbolizes the new Soviet breed
of colorless Communist Party
managers and industrial tech
nocrats who run Russia. He
now is So.
He is a contrast to retiring
President Klementi Y. Vorosh-
ilov, an "old Bolshevik" whose
career goes back beyond the
revolution. Marshal VoroShilov
was an old hand at stirring up
strikes and lodging the Cars
police when Mr.. Brezhnev was
still baby.
Leonid Illich Brezhnev was
born in December, 1906, in
Dneprpetrovsk on the Dnepr
river in the Ukraine. Official
biographies give his family
background a communist clean
bill of health-he is listed as
the son of a worker.
Regular Red Education
Mr.. Brezhnev went through
the regular Communist educa-
ton. He Joined the KomSomol,
the Communist youth move
ment, in 1923. Then he went
of to agriculture school and
received training that he put to
good use years later in helping
develop the virgin lands in
Kazakhstan, one of Premier
Nikita S. Khrushchev'S pet
projects.
Little is known of his early
work for the Communist Party,
which he Joined in 1881. 1t ap-
pears he became specialist in
heavy industry during Russia's
drive to industrialize in the
1930s.
In World War II Mr.. Brezh-
nev was a political commissar
attached to the 18th army on
the South Russian front in his
native Ukraine. Presumably he
came to the attention of Mr..
Khrushchev, then serving as
party chief in the Ukraine.
He stayed on there, rising in
party work until he got his first
big job in 1850, party chief of
the Moldavian Soviet Republic
near Romania.
Scrambled to Save Skin
In October, 1852, he moved
up the ladder to membership in
the Communist Party Central
Committee. He became a CEN
tral committee secretary and
candidate presidium member
shortly afterward.
But in March, 1858, Stain
died. Mr.. Brezhnev lost his two
posts and began scrambling to
have his skin along with the
rest of the higher echelon in
Soviet bureaucracy.
After several weeks he q,
emerged several steps down the
political ladder. Mr.. Brezhnev
now was political chief of the
Soviet navy, a job not much |
higher than his World War II |
political post.
He held the navy job until |
February, 1854, when he re-
turned to the provinces and
started working his way up the |
party organization again.
Assigned to the central COM
mlttee OF the kaZakhStan Com
munist Party. he became its
chief in August, 1855. This was
an important job because of |
the virgin lands project. Mr..
Brezhnev accomplished much
although his successors ran
into serious trouble-and was
rewarded by Mr.. Khrushchev. !
In February, 1856, he was
again made a secretary of the
central committee in Moscow
under Mr.. Khrushchev and
member of the party presidium.
His duties during the past few
years are not known. But he
has obviously been a close ally
of Mr.. KhrushcheV.
Evening star., 1960-05-08

FULL NAME-KIementi Yefrimo-
vieh VoroshiIov.
CLAIM TO FAME-Retirine So
Wet president.
slRTHoAY-FebruoY 4, 1881.
EDUCATION - Attended school
for two yeors. quitting at IA.
JoBS-Worked in coal mines at
s; worked in Donets bosin fac
tory at IA; headed Soviet in
Lueonsk; city eommissor Of
Leninsrod; Communist Porty
central committee since 1921;
rose to commend OF Red ormy
in 1884; State Committee for
Defense in l94l; Soviet control
commission for Hungary; ehoir-
mon Of Presidium Of Supreme
Soviet.
Evening star., 1960-05-08

4 Premier Nikita S. Khrush-
chev himself nominated Mr..
Brezhnev, a 53-year-old dyn-
amic member of the party hier-
archy who got his start in the
Khrushchev party machine in
the Ukraine.
1t was the most dramatic of
the many changes to the Com
munist Party and Soviet gov
eminent leadership this week.
The shift appeared to mark
a change in the nature of the
presidency-or Craftsmanship of
the presidium as the post is
formally known-which up to
now has been largely honorary.
Speculation among diplomats
here is that the power and
Evening star., 1960-05-08
Sculpture Lecture

Sir Herbert Read, British
art and critic and author, will
give an illustrated lecture at
4 O'Clock this afternoon in the
auditorium Of the National
Gallery of Art. His subject will
be: The Ambiguity of Modern
Sculpture"
Evening star., 1960-05-08
VoroshiIov Gives Up
Soviet Presidency

MOSCOW, May (AP) ).-Leonid Iich Brezhnev regarded
of the brightest rising the Communist Party
took over the presidency of the Soviet Union today
President Klement Voroshiov 49, asked in parliament
that he be relieved of his duties health
been president since Stains death in 1858.
Evening star., 1960-05-08

FULL NAME-Leonid IIieh srezh-
ney.
CLAIM TO FkME-New chair
mon Of Soviet Presidium, infor-
molly known os president.
.BlRTHDAY-Deeember, 1906.
EDUcATloN-AerieuIture school.
JosS-Speeiolist in problems Of
heavy industry; political COM
missur in World War u; colo
mel on south Russian front otter
1913; secretary central COM
mittee Of Communist Porty;
Soviet Presidium member.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1960-08-04
Now Is The Time
Seed it and feed it now and it will

nROM NOW until midSeptembeT is the easiest and most
IL painless time to start building lawn (mid October in
warmer rcgons) Just follow Natures own routine Seeds
ripen in summer and drop to the ground lying there until
favorable sproung conditions arrive. With grass this is
usually when the soil good and from hot days (up
to go while nights becoming longer and cooler (550
to 6O0) and dew is getting heavier. Also, rains
will soon come to provide bugeonng roots with plenty Of
MOISTURE assuring deep penetration before cold weather
slows down growth.
Annual weeds sproutng from seeds present in the SOIL
will die with winters coming; in spring. your already
seeded lawn will start vigorous growth early enough to
shade out choke out most weeds which may come along
start with the seN
Turn the soil with spade or plow it with garden
tractor rotoler to depth of about inches At the
time you can incorporate plant foods. Remove all
Stones sticks and other debris that the grass roots will
have mpedment to their growth and also that normal
capillary action moisture rising from below readily
take place.
Thoroughly crumble the soil Then roughly level and
finally rake smooth in direction then rake again
right angles to the first rakng ( your soil is acid add
pulverized limestone at the rate of lbs per 100 So f.
before raking, that it will be mixed with the so)
After sowing seeds, lightly lamp roll the make
that they in contact with the SOIL Do nor cover
seeds for they will terminate only if they have light The
topso must remain open, too, that water rain will
be admitted and won't wash seeds into low spots.
Don't try to plant lawns steep banks. Not only will
the seeds wash out but the banks will erode badly later
on, too, you'll find moving bank terrible chore. In
stead keep lawns TO fairly level and plant shrubs
the banks, ground cover.
Evening star., 1960-12-20

Full Fashioned with foil owoS eolor, peor
buttons and doInnon sleeves. In Orion ocryIie
thot woshes costly. Rose, eorol. white, beige,
powder blue. Misses sizes 34-40, women's sizes
42-46 IN 90
BETTER observation-disclosures, Second Floor
Langley Park and Shirlinoton, First Floor
Evening star., 1960-12-24
The Pope on Truth

IN MS CHRISTMAS message to the
world, Pope John XIII has spoken with
eloquent simplicity Of "the fourfold
duty Of thinking, honoring, saying and
doing what is true" He has addressed
himself particularly to molderS of
public opinion, to educators, to call
who work with head or hand or heart"
In areas Of civic responsibility. And
he has called upon these, including
heads Of state, to be honest with them
selves, and with mankind as whole, in
these times Of great stress and danger.
AS the Pope has put it, 1--WE happen
to be living between two concepts of
human ways Of existing together: On
one side, the reality of the world,
examined, studied, and reduced to
practice according as it is in the design
OF God; on the other-we are not afraid
to repeat 1.-THE counterfeit of this
same reality" And this counterfeit, of
course, is the atheistic Communist
system which he has rightly described,
without naming 1t, as "a diabolical
conspiracy against truth"-a conspiracy
that exalts lying, hypocrisy and calumny
in. q 'brazen and inSolent" mockery Of
most Of the Ten Commandments.
:, The Pontiff has summed up his
own feeling about all this in these
words: Confronted by the fourfold
ideal Of thinking, honoring, saying and
doing what Is true, and the daily
spectacle Of the open or masked betrayal
OF this ideal, the heart fails to rest in
its anguish; and our own voice trem-
bles." Still-despite "the storms which
rage over some parts Of the world
he Is not peSsimistic. Actually, In his
opinion, past history has been much
worse; and Notwithstanding the noisy
or cunning voices Of the more violent,
LET US be absolutely certain that the
spiritual victory win be with Jesus
Chris" with fatty and aging clay
footed mortals like Nikita Khrushchev
who boast that their goddess way Of
life will eventually triumph ana bury
everything we hold dear.
Pope Johns relatively optimistic
rejection Of this bleak Communist pre-
diction is in keeping with the Christmas
spirit. More than that, far from being
a merely sentimental or wishful thought
in . season Of Christian Joy, 1t has .
sclid, imperishable foundation. For the
incontrovertible fact Is that the truth,
which makes man free wherever 1t
prevails, Is In the last analysis incom-
parably stronger than the lie, and
It, will be the victor in the end, no
matter how much the KhruShcheVS
do. violence to it.