davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1960-06-09
Caldwell B.P.W. Club
Enioys Dinner Meetinq

The Caldwell B.P.W. held its
June meeting, sponsored by the
officers of the club, in the dining
room of the First Methodist
church, at $50 on Monday even
ing, with 33 members present.
The following program was pre-
sented: group singing of several
old familiar songs, under the
direction of Susabelle McVay; a
contest on Is items of informa-
ton about B.P.W. Inez Clark
won the prize given for the high
est number of correct answers.
Reports on the state convention
were given by the past president,
Emily Havener, and President,
Minerva Frazier.
During the business portion of
the meeting, each committee
chairman announced her COM
mittee for the coming year, the
procedure of committee work un-
der the policy of coordination
was explained, and announce
ment was made that dues must be
paid before July to avoid penalty.
A letter from the state presi-
dent, Eoitn Strommer, was read,
informing the club of the honor
conferred upon it by the appoint
ment of Adaline Jordon as state
chairman of the Florence Allen
Scholarship Fund. This automat-
cally makes Mrs. Jordon a mem
ber of the state board of directors
the first such member from the
Caldwell club.
The club voted to dispense with
the July meeting and to have the
next meeting in the form of a
picnic on August l. Mary Secrest,
Violet Morgareidge, Mary Hanes
and Minerva Frazier will be re-
sponsible for securing food and
transportation. The picnic will be
held on the front lawn Of the
Eleanor Hayes home, near Sar-
ahsville.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1960-06-09
Sunday School Teacher
Honored On Birthday

The little folks class of Sarahs-
vile Methodist church honored
their Sunday school teacher,
Miss Karen Ann Davis, Thursday
evening, June 2, with birthday
party at the home Of Mr.. and
Mrs. Neil Wilson.
Those present were: Jody and
Randy Cox, Trena and Gladys
Smith, Dale Dreher, Sue Cooper,
Kevin, Patsy, and Rickie Young,
Nancy Jacobs, Debbie and Mary
Smith, Alvin Kirkbride, Kim
West, Mary Sanford, Kenny,
David, Dannie and Kathy Will
son, Sarah Highman, Ernest Dut-
ton, Mr.. and Mrs. Neil Wilson
and the honored one.
The table was beautifully
decorated and refreshments of
homemade ice cream, cake and
kool-aid was served. A lovely
gift was presented to Miss Davis.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1960-06-09
School Custodian
H0nored AT Luncheon

The Caldwell high school fac
ulty, under the supervision of
Mrs. Rama Steen, served a lunch
con recently in the home econom-
les room, in honor of Mr.. and
Mrs. j. c. Wilson. Mr.. Wilson
is retiring as janitor of the high
school.
A beautiful gift was presented
to the honored guests by Charles
Milligan.
Mr.. Wilson has been janitor at
the high school for the past II
years.
Those present were: Misses
Inez Clark and Minerva Frazier,
Mrs. Louise B. Cunningham, Mrs.
Rama Steen, Mrs. Leslie Kirk,
Gilbert Weekley, Supt., Clayton
Smith, Joseph Parrish, Charles
Milligan. =
Dwain Dyer, Byron Steen,
Subray Dahood, James Smoot
Jess Cerrillo, Harry Boal, Will
liam Kirk, and Marvin Rinker
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1960-06-09
Mrs. Clare Roberts
Hon0red On Birthday

Carl Roberts held a surprise
birthday party last Monday even
ing, June 6, for his mother, Mrs.
Clare Roberts at their home in
Hoskinsville.
Guests were Mr.. and Mrs
Charles Roberts, Mr.. and Mrs
Frank Fisk and children, Bobby
Shirley and Kathy, Mary Anr
Roberts and Craig, Mr.. and Mrs
Fred Bond and daughter, Karen
Terry and Rodger Roberts.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ralph Cobb anc
son, Mrs. Alice Roberts and sons
Mr.. and Mrs. Robert Lori, Mrs
Lucille Hiett, Mrs Luella Moore
Mrs. Janet Moore, Mrs. Mary
E. Moore, Mrs. Inez Perkins anc
Miss Janet Hysell.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1960-06-09
Fulda Grange

Next regular meeting of Fulda
grange No. 2468 will be held
Wednesday, June Is at 800 in
stead of Thursday. 1t has been
necessary to change the regular
meeting nights until further
notice to the first and third We'd
nesdays of each month. On We'd
nesday evening, June 20 at 7:30
at the grange hall, a games party
will be held. The rattle will also
be held at this time.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1960-06-09
RECENT VISITORS

Recent visitors in the home of
Mr.. and Mrs Chalmer Wells and
family in Sunset Hills were Mr..
and Mrs. Gene Ashbaugh, Mrs.
Mary Fogle and friend, of Mas
sillon, Mrs. Elizabeth Fogle, of
Belle Valley, Mr.. and Mrs.
Eugene Heddleson, of Caldwell
route S, Mrs. Virgil Moore, of
Ava, Mrs. Blanche Dyer, of Mari
eta, Mr.. and Mrs. Clyde Davis
and family, of Caldwell route 4,
Mr.. and Mrs. Elijah Danford, of
Caldwell route 6, Charles
Champlin, of Ava, Miss Jane
Wilson, of GAINESVILLE, Mr.. and
Mrs. Dewey Wells and Jean, of
Caldwell route 4, Arthur Orr, of
route 3, Mr.. and Mrs. James
Wells and son, of Caldwell route,
and Mr.. and Mrs. Ronald Bates
and sons, of Summerfield.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1960-06-09
Grange To Meet

Halley's Ridge grange No. 2747
will meet in regular session Fri
day evening, June 10, at 800
o'clock. Degree work will be
conferred on class of candidates
and Olive grange will be guests.
They will present the literary
program at the close of the meet
ing. Pot-luck will be served and
each one is asked to bring their
own table service. A good attend
ance is desired.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1960-06-09
Noble County Soldier
Completing Troining

Pvt. Jerry Hickman is now
stationed at Fort Leonard Wood,
Missouri, where he is complet-
ing his training as an electrician
before going overseas.
Pvt. Hickman attended school
at Belle Valley. His complete
address is as follows: Pvt. Jerry
Hickman, RA 15-616-013, Co. F.
End Bn. 4th IRIS, Fort Leonard
Wood, Missouri.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1960-06-09
SummerfieId Soldier
Stationed In Germany

Pvt. E-2 Stanley R. McElfresh,
son of Mr.. and Mrs. Kyle Nc
Elfresn, of Summerfield. and the
husband of the former Doris
Fish, of Ava, has just completed
his schooling at Fort Dix, New
Jersey.
He is now assigned to the End
Battalion Quartermaster Co.,
Frankfort, Germany. His wife
will join him later.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1960-06-09
Happy Younsster
Resides On Route z

Pictured above is Jay D., the
cute six month old son of Mr.
and Mrs. Ronald Wheeler, of
Caldwell route 2.
His grandparents are Mr.. and
Mrs. Earl Wheeler, of Caldwell
route 6, and Blaine Moore, of
Summerfield.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1960-06-09
Olive Grange

Olive grange will present their
exchange program this Friday
evening, June 10, at the Halley's
Ridge grange. Rep. Edmund G.
James will be the guest speaker.
Each member is asked to take
a covered dish for refreshments
and anyone wishing to attend
should be at the Olive grange
hall by 7:15 and transportation
will be provided.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1960-06-09
Coming Social Events
Chicken Supper

The Belle Valley Methodist
church will have a fried chicken
supper Saturday evening, June
25, at the Belle Valley grade
school building. Servings will be
from 4:30 until 900 o'clock. Tic
kets are now being sold and will
be available that evening. The
public is invited.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1960-06-09
Pomona Grange

Noble Pomona grange will
meet with Beaver Valley grange
at Batesville Tuesday evening,
June IA, at 800 o'clock. Refresh
ments will be covered dish and
all Pomona members are asked
to attend.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1960-06-09
Carlisle Grange

Carlisle grange will meet in
regular session Thursday even
ing, June 9 at 500 o'clock with
Master Rayner Schell in charge.
The literary program is being
planned by the lecturer, Betty
Archer. After the meeting, the
lunch will be served by the men
as they lost a contest with the
women on attendance.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1960-06-09
To Hold Dance

There will be a round and
square dance Saturday evening,
June IL, from 900 until mid
night at the Brookfield school
house, sponsored by the Brook
field All club. Homemade ice
cream will be served and the
music will be furnished by
Junior Dawson. The public is
invited.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1960-06-09
Benefit Card Party

A benefit card party will be
held June 9, at the V.F.W. hall
beginning at 800 o'clock. Pro-
ceeds will go toward the cancer
fund and anyone wishing tickets
should contact Ruth Tarleton.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1960-06-09
Elk Township Grange

Elk township grange will meet
in regular session Monday even
ing, June 13 at 800 p. m. with
the third and fourth degrees to
be conferred. The pound cake
and sewing contest will also be
held. A pot luck supper is plan
ned and members are to bring
their own table service.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1960-06-09
MerrimakerS Club

Merrimakers club will meet
Wednesday, June is, at 1920
O'Clock for their regular monthly
meeting at the Pine Lake Bible
camp. Hostesses are Mrs. Char
les Doan, Mrs. H. c. Secrest and
Mrs. Herschel Jordan. The pro-
ject will be on arranging flowers
and all members are urged to
attend.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1960-06-09
BIBLE SCHOOL PLANNED

The annual Daily Vacation
Bible school at the First Baptist
church on North street will be-
gin Monday morning, June 13
and continue through Friday,
June "a. Mrs. Charles Patten
and Rev. Roy Wikander will be
in charge.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1960-06-09
TO GUERNSEY MEMORIAL

Mrs. Lavina Johnson, of the
Olive community, was admitted
Sunday evening to Guernsey Me-
mortal hospital in Cambridge,
where she will be under observa-
ton and receive treatment.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1960-06-09
Jackson Grange

The regular meeting of Jack
son grange will be held Friday
evening, June 10, at 800 o'clock.
The first and second degrees will
be conferred and all members are
asked to attend.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1960-06-09
Noble Lodge

NOb1e Lodge
Noble lodge, F. & AN. No. 459
will hold their regular meeting
Monday evening, June 13, be-
ginning at 1880 o'clock. Only
routine business is planned by
the w. M. Ellis II. Murrey.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1960-06-09
Ziler Reunion

The second annual Ziler reun-
ion will be held Saturday, June
II, at the Brookfield school build
ing. A basket dinner will be
served at noon. Ivan Ziler is
president and Mrs. Frank Child
ers of Gallipolis, is secretary.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1960-06-09
Garden CLUB

The Four Corners Garden club
of Dexter City will meet Thurs
day, June 9, at 200 p. m. at the
home of Mrs. Ruth AugenStein
in Macksburg.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1960-06-09
VACATION BIBLE SCHOOL

The Vacation Bible school at
the First Church of Christ on
North street will not be held
until the week of August IL.
The school will begin at 900
each morning and end at 2:30
in the afternoon.
The journal. (Caldwell, Ohio) 1934-1961, 1960-06-09
IN DANCE RECITAL

The name of Bonnie Wheeler,
daughter of Mrs Marie Wheeler,
of Sarahsville, was unintention-
ally omitted from the list of
youngsters participating in the
Patricia, Dement, dance recital
at the M and M high school audi
torium, McConnelsville, la S t
Thursday evening. Bonnie pre-
sented special act in toe-tap.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1960-12-15

church choir, laymen and pastor,
the Rev. Luther Seibert. Serving
as leader will be Carlton Sanders,
Mrs. Homer Gnegy, Donald Roth,
Mrs Lester Bachtel, Ken Ridder
and Mrs. Bill Winters. The sermon
title will be The Word Became
Flesh"
st. Peters Catholic
Special services at st. Peters
Catholic church will begin with
a high mass at midnight on the
Oath. The senior choir will sing
Christmas Carols for one-half hour
preceding the service and will al
so sing the music of the mass.
On Christmas morning there will
be low masses at 7, 8, 8 and 10
o'clock. There will also be mid
night mass at Immaculate Concep-
ton church at Kitzmiller.
Confessions will be held on Sat
urday the oath, from to and
from 1880 o'clock; also prior to
the high mass at midnight and
prior to the morning masses.
Rev. FIR. Joseph Brown. Holy
Cross, will be here to assist Rev.
FIR. Michael X. Carney and Rev.
FIR. Gerald LaPorta.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1960-12-15

CLANCY and Mrs. Mabel Brock.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1960-12-15

rett county FFBL honors, they
listed a production record of H.
131 pounds Of milk per COW in .
% COW herd. Now they list an aver
age of 12,715 pounds for the 30
cow herd.
'An example of how farming has
changed can be gained from one
remark in the Wagner's FFBL re-
port: EARNED with horses the first
four years we were married and
MIXED by hand The horses are
gone now and electrically-produced
horsepower is taking over not only
the milking chore, but also water
ing, barn cleaning. and many other
jobs.
''The Wagner farmstead is a
model of neatness. A large pleasant
nome sits in a little cove sur
rounded by the farm buildings. 1t
is a good looking farm in a county
that specializes in good looking
farms.
The Wagner family members
are all active in farm activities.
The Oldest son, Larry. 10, is presi-
dent of the Green Mountain BOYS
All club, and the youngest boy,
Dale, II, is treasurer. Larry took q
blue ribbon in the county tractor
driving contest. and both have
taken ribbons in heifer, corn, and
fitting and showing demonstra-
tons. Mr. Wagner is chairman Of
the Artificial Breeders Cooperative
board treasurer and secretary OF
the Dairy Herd Improvement AS
ISOLATION, director of the Garrett
County Fair Board and superintend-
ent of the dairy department of
the Fair. Mrs. Wagner is a member
of the PTA, Homemakers Club and
Southern States Home Advisory
committee. The Wagner herd not
only had the Grand Champion OF
the show in the 1859 Garrett county
fair but also took three blue rib
bons."
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1960-12-15
Neiqhborhood Club Banquet

The annual Christmas dinner of
the Mountain Lake Park Neigh
borhood Club was given at the
William James Hotel yesterday
December IA, at LOO P. M. with
sixteen place settings.
In the absence of the Club presi-
dent, Mrs. Daisy Beachy, due to
the sudden illness of grandchil-
dren, the business session was pre-
sided over by Mrs. Mabel Brock.
Those who attended the gathering
were Merdames W. L. Phillips,
l. E. Rightmeyer, H. NJ. Weeks,
J S. Elliott, w. o. Bitter, S. C..
Dotson, Sr., Mary Coffindaffer, j..
T. Moon, W. w. yelling, J. H.
Stevenson, Edward Kahl, H. V.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1960-12-15

THURSDAY, DECEMBER Is, 1860
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1960-12-15
Wagner Family

Continued From Page One)
pany, to be used for the county
All activities.
Some las people attended the
dinner from the five counties and
from the state staff of the agricul-
tural extension service, West Vir-
ginia university, other state agri-
cultural organizations and Chamber
of Commerce members at Morgan
town.
Speaker was DR.. Festus P. Sum-
mers, who outlined plans for the
forthcoming West Virginia Cen
tennial program, 1961-63.
Present from this county were
Nordeck Shaffer, Howard c. Riggs,
Henry Hupp, Mrs Kermit Glot-
felty, James McHenry, Mr.. and
Mrs. Clark Schlossnagle, Mr.. and
Mrs. Guy S. Stanton, Mr.. and Mrs.
Lenwood Bittinger, Mr. and Mrs.
Hubert A. Friend, Mr. and Mrs.
Ross Grove, Mr.. and Mrs. Harry
Hummen, Mr.. and Mrs. Claude
Wagner, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Gerald
H. Glotfelty, Mr. and Mrs. Robert
o. Glotfelty.
Previous regional winners have
been Mr.. and Mrs. Schlossnagle,
Mr.. and Mrs. Bittinger, Mr.. and
Mrs. Grove, and Mr. and Mrs.
Stanley H. Baker. Sweepstakes
winners have been Mr.. and Mrs.
Schlossnagle, 1852; and Mr. and
Mrs. Bittinger, 1857.
Continues Progress
Continual progress in building
their farm operations is the princi-
pal reason that Mr.. and Mrs.
Wagner were selected as regional
champions for 1860, according to
those in charge of the judging.
In the printed program outlining
the FFBL activities, the following
was included about the Wagner
family:
'The past year has seen many
Improvements on the Wagner farm,
improvements designed to keep
pace with agricultural progress
and to take advantage of new man.
agement ideas. Installed in a barn
remodeling program has been a
bulk milk tank. improved milk
house, barn gutter cleaners, new
water line to the barn, new light
ing, and a ventilating system.
Keeping up with the mechani-
cal Improvements have been the
production record Wagner's 80 COW
Holstein milking herd. In 1857,
when the Wagner's won the Gar
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1960-12-15
Man Held in Jail

Continued From Page One)
skull fracture and decorations OF
the liver.
An autopsy revealed she was
beaten to death DR. w. Ralston Nc
Gee, coroner, said her injuries re-
suited from heavy blows inflicted
by another person.
She was apparently in a coma
when she died.
Sherlock was taken into custody
and police quoted him as saying
his mother had taken an overdose
of sleeping pills.
Pennsylvania authorities said he
first told them he had fought with
his mother in a motel in this coun-
ty last Thursday afternoon. He later
changed his story and said she
had suffered an epileptic attack,
and fell in a bathtub after taking
some pills.
Fayette county authorities said
Sherlock and his two sons went to
the home of Mrs. Virginia Nc
Master in Brownsville for food
and lodging after his mother was
admitted to the hospital Authori-
ties were summoned when they
failed to leave the McMaster home
at her request.
Cpl Robert Henline, Slower and
Wayne Wilt deputy sheriff went
to Uniontown on Monday to ques-
ton the man which resulted in
the formal charge of murder the
following day and the subsequent
hearing yesterday.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1960-12-15
McHENRY

The Ev. U. B. young people will
present Christmas program,
Thursday evening, December %,
at 7;45 p. m. Everyone welcome.
Rev. and Mrs. Ralph Jacks and
Candi Ford visited Mrs. Jacks
sister, Mrs. Ralph Childs and in
FAINT son at Kingwood hospital
Saturday afternoon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harold Savage and
children, Wilmington, Del, visited
his parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Arthur
Savage, over the weekend
Mrs. Albert Smith, Accident
and Mrs. Earle Glotfelty visited
Pearl Mclean and Mrs. Beulah
Walton Thursday afternoon.
Mrs Iva Carr visited Mrs. Wal
ter Bowman, Friday afternoon.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1960-12-15

Va. Inf, 1t.
j. H. Manown, Kingwood, 14lh
w. Va. Vol. Inf, surgeon.
Hamp McCroby, Oakland, shoe
maker, 3rd Mt. Vol. Inf
VIM H. Biggs, Mt. Lake Park,
9th W. Va. Vol Inf.
August Schmittman, born in
Germany but living in Oakland,
enlisted as sergeant, 3rd Md. Vol.
Inf.
H. C. Fowler, Sunnyside, 14th
Pa. Cav.
John L. Moon, Mt. Lake Park,
Bird w. Va, bugler
William r. Jarboe, Oakland,
carpenter, Bird Md. Vol. Inf, capt.
A. limbaugh, Oakland, 9Th W..
Va. Vol. Inf.
H. G. Sanders, Sunnyside, 3rd
w. Va. Cav.
John X. McCabe, Hutton, 9Th
w. Va. Vol. Inf.
A. c. Sturgiss, Oakland, drug
gist, 177th Ohio Inf, sgt.
F. S. Cline, Mt. Lake Park,
farmer, 10th w. Va. Vol. Inf.
Henry Ramp, born in Germany,
now of Accident, farmer, 5th
Md. Vol. Inf.
Allen Butler, Oakland, cooper,
9th w. Va. Vol. Inf, cpl.
w. l.. Leary, Oakland, carpenter,
1st Md. Cav, cpl
Peter F. Nine, Oakland, farmer,
9Th w. Va. Inf.
Michael Pendergast, born in
Ireland, now of Hutton, 9th w.
Va. Inf.
Besides being of interest to
their descendants, the names of
siXty-four of these Civil War vet
Grams may prove of interest to
present or future Civil War his
torians, particularly since it is the
only complete list in existence.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1960-12-15

$50 in the assembly room, for its
second annual event Participating
were the adult, youth and chill.
dren's chOirs in an informal pro-
gram. The room was decorated in
the manner of a medieval hall
The traditional yule log was
brought in by James Lemmert and
Earl Roth. Cookies and punch
were served following the sing.
The Church School Christmas
service will be presented Sunday
evening. December 10, at 7 o'clock
in the church auditorium. It is en-
titled Beside The Cradle" Luther
Leaguers will go caroling Thurs
day, December %.
On Saturday evening, December
"a, beginning at IL o'clock there
will be the Christmas Eve Candle
lighting service in observance of
the Feast of the Lords Nativity,
with special carols and special
music by the youth and adult
choirs. The annual Christmas treat
will be given on Christmas morn
ing to the Sunday School mem
berS.
ST. PauPs Methodist
St. Pauls Methodist church will
have its annual service of carols
ard candlelighting this Sunday
evening, December IS, at 8 o'clock
Special music will include six
anthems by the choir and the sing
ing of Christmas carols by the
congregation. Mrs. Frederick
Thayer will direct the singing and
julius B. Littman will be organist
This is the 18th annual presenta-
ton by the choir.
On December q there will be
caroling to shut-ins by members
of the Methodist Youth Fellow
ship and the Women's Society of
Christian Service will have its
Christmas meeting.
There will be Sunday school at
$50. December IS, as usual, with a
sermon at 10:45, I'm Dreaming
of a White Christmas" by the
pastor, the Rev. Charles Goodwin
On December 81, at 1920 a. m.
there will be a student holiday
brunch, an informal meeting of
college students and service men
home for the holidays. Students
and service men regardless of af-
filiation. are invited. A student
program will be presented.
ST. Johns Red House
There will be a Christmas Eve
Vesper service on December "a, at
s p. M, in St. Johns Lutheran
Church, Red House It will include
q cantata by the church choir,
composed of Christmas music and
scripture, closing with candle
lighting service.
On Christmas day, December 25,
there will be combined Church
School and Lords Day service.
Participating will be the Adult and
Children's departments of the
church school, as well as the
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1960-12-15
Kennedy's Vote
Margin Is Nipped

President-elect John F. Ken
nedy's popular vote margin over
Vice President Richard NJ. Nixon
has been pared little more by
the official vote count from Mas
sachusetts.
The Massachusetts canvass gave
Nixon 1885 more votes than in
previous unofficial tallies. That cut
Kennedy's overall edge over Nixon
to 113,554 votes out of a total of
6S,S19,348 cast in the nation.