davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-08-21

papers to curb the mounting crit
icism of its policies.
The new regime has shown great
tolerance and respect toward the
press. The writer's were told re-
Gently to feel free to criticize the
actions of the new government.
Gen. Gursel told the editors: "The
only cure to the eXcesses of a free
press is more freedom. The only
control over the press is a control
from within-from the profession
itself"
Taking their cure from the
Prime Minister. Turkish journalists
have set up press council" and
drafted an ethical and professional
code. They were assisted in this
work by an expert sent by the
International Press Institute of
Zurich, who came to Turkey upon
the invita- ton of the Turkish press
association.
Almost as much attention Is
centered on economic questions as
on the political ones. The govern
ment is now trying to put its house
in order by measures designed to
reduce expenditures and cut gov
ernment costs.
Boom Colleges
The Democrats rode into power
in 1850 with promises OF demo-
cratic freedom and economic
progress. Bumper crops, high prices
following the Korean War and the
foreign aid money pouring into the
country created a period OF pros
perity during the first four years
of the new administration. Mend
eres launched ambitious public
works programs and economic
development projects. The boom
collapsed in l954-55. UnfaVorable
weather conditions and rising
consumption at home reduced the
grain available for export. Con-
Sequently, imports were sharply
Curtailed and the government
unable to meet its financial obli-
cations but unwilling to stop the
development programs - resorted
to questionable financial measures
including the issuing Of new
money by the Central Bank This
printing press imitation brought
Turkey to the brink of economic
collapse.
When the provisional govern
ment took over, the deficit Of the
last 10 years was put at $237 mil
lions. despite 1894 million in eco
nomic and 81 million in military
aid from the United States for the
same period.
According to Ekrem Alican, the
Finance Minister of the new gov
eminent, the financial-economic
policy of Turkey will be lone Of
recovery with stability" A new
economic planning board" COM
posed of university professors,
government specialists and foreign
Evening star., 1960-08-21
Nixon in Carolina

But Mr.. Nixon wasn't waiting
on outside help. On Wednesday he
went down to Greensboro for a
Republican rally with the homely
title: Skating and Coffee Party
with Pat and Dick" And he told
the 10000 or so North Caro-
linians who turned out for the
party that he backed the Re-
publican platforms pledges to eX-
tend civil rights. My position IN
the South is the same as my posi-
ton in the North and West" he
said. The G. o. P. platform, ne
added, is an honest program that
will produce progress. The Demo-
Gratis, he added. promises more
than can honestly be delivered.
It was in Greensboro, inciden-
tally, that the current wave OF
"sit-in" demonstrations began and
the Vice President had no heSi-
fancy in indorsing the objective OF
the demonstrations, This was in
press conference, rather than IN
mis- speech.
Mr.. Nixon told reporters also
that he does not intend to soft
soap" the civil rights issue in
any of the speeches he plans to
make in the South. He has said
he will 90 into every Southern
State. There were some Negroes
in his Greensboro audience.
Mr.. Nixon was, in a sense, re-
turning to some familiar territory
on his trip to North Carolina for
he spent three years there as a
student. He was graduated flom
the law school of Duke University
in 1887.
North Carolina is one Southern
State which Republican strateglStS
feel they have a real chance OF
carrying this year. In prc-Eisen-
hover days North Carolina voted
2-to-1 for Democratic presidential
candidates. In 1852, however, Ad-
lal E. Stevenson was able to win
by only $4,000 of the IL million
Evening star., 1960-08-21
MercuriuI Premier
Problem to Congo
BY WILLIAM X. FRYE
Contributing Writer

UNITED NATIONS, N. Y.-So-
Wet influence on Congolese Pre-
mier Patrice Lumumba has con-
fronted the United Nations and
the free world with one OF their
most dangerous challenges.
To say that Lumumba is easily
swayed is a major underStatement.
Beside him. Cubas Fidel Castro is
a Gibraltar of stability and rs-
tional behavior, U. N people say.
On one occasion in the early
days of the crisis he presented the
U. N. with an ultimatum that
Belgian troops must leave Leo
poldville by pm. on certain day.
Mai. Gen. Henry Templer Alex
ander, to whom the uitimatum
was presented. looked at his watch.
But Mr.. Prime Minister" he said,
lit is now 7 pm"
That" said Lumumba, "is a
technicality. 1t is up to you to
get them out"
The incident was never made
public. since the U. N was making
herculean efforts to get along with
the 35-year- Congolese leader
1t is on such a foundation that
the u. N. has been trying to build
its rescue operation for the Congo.
Spending in Congo
The U. N. plans to spend, on be-
half Of the Congo, as much as
$3.50 million to 5000 million
in the first year, an amount
three to four times as large as the
normal U. N. budget. All the re-
sources of the world organization
and its specialized agencies have
been mobilized to help lift the
Congo from cannibaliSm and
witchcraft into the goth century.
But more and more evidence
points to Soviet sabotage. There
is such a close resemblance be-
tween Soviet attacks on U. N. Sec
retary General Han1narSkiold and
Lumumba'S S latest blasts AS to per-
suade U. N. people that they were
ghost-written in the Soviet en-
bassy in Leopoldville.
Andre Fomin, the Soviet charge
d'affaires there, spent some time
as a member of the Russian dele
CATION to the U. NJ, and thus is
thoroughly familiar with U. N.
procedures. Moscows policy from
the beginning of the Congo crisis
has been to do as much to disrupt
the U.N. operation as it could
without offending the African bloc
here.
There is, moreover, responsible
U.N. sources say, significant Com
munist influence in, if not actual
infiltration of, the Congo cabinet
itself. Lumumba's principal Sec
retary has been accused OF being
Communist. Lumumba himself
is not so regarded; he is said to
reflect whatever viewpoint is pre-
sented to him most forcefully al
any given moment.
MercurioI Behavior
This is what Mr.. Hammarskjolc
and DR.. Ralph Bunche, his key
aide, have been up against in Leo
pol0ville, according to excellent
sources here. 1t does much to ex'
plain Lumumba's mercurial be-
havior. 1t apparently explains hi
public break this past week will
the secretary general.
The real adversaries, in the las
analysis, are not Lumumba ant
Hammarskjold but Premier Khru
Evening star., 1960-08-21
Continued From Page C-1


OF brain trusters" from univer-
stiles and corporations to coun-
teract Senator Kennedy's cele-
brated Harvardmen. The Nixon
list included Arthur F. Burns,
professor OF economics at Colum-
bia University. and former
chairman of the Presidents Coun-
Gil of Economics Advisers.
Another day it was "Celebrities
for Nixon" wherein Frank Sina-
ira and Peter Lawford CKennedy
men to a marquee were answered
with such all-time-if Old time
favoriteS as Mary Pickford. Jean
cite Macdonald, Helen Hayes and
John Wayne.
The extent of President Eisen-
hower's affection for Mr. Nixon
as his successor has been an
open secret for several years. The
extent to which the President
would actually go out and help
him get elected hasn't been so
we'll known. In the week before
last Mr.. Eisenhower didn't clarity
it one bit when he said that it
might not be "a good thing" for
him to take to the stump to make
political speeches for the ticket.
Last week he talked about it
again. Il am going to do whatever
I can to elect Mr.. Nixon and Mr..
Lodge" said he The campaign
managers Immediately envisioned
several speeches by the Master
Campaigner of them all One i'm
portant one scheduled already: A
gala night before" broadcast OH
November 7 with Eisenhower,
Nixon and Lodge.
Evening star., 1960-08-21
The National Scene

regard for the South is to vote
Republican.
In Mississippi. the free ELECTORS
movement made more headway.
The State convention said un-
pledged electors could go on the
ballot but they said there must
also be another set OF electors on
il, too, this one pledged to the
party'S Kennedy johnson ticket.
Then both Senators Eastland
and Stennls announced their sup
port of the Kennedy johnson
ticket and urged the voters to ig-
more theindcpendent clector ticket.
Evening star., 1960-08-21
BY RICHARD FRYKLUND
Contributing Writer


The big. quiet Secretary Of De-
fense sat at the conference table,
doodling. The Joint Chiefs Of
Staff and their top aides sat
around the table. One of the
chiefs was talking persuasively.
The Secretary. his head down, lis
tened and raised his eyes occa-
sionally from the sketch he was
making of his home in Maine.
Then the speaker wound up his
case.
Secretary of Defense Thomas S.
Gates. jr., looked up broke into
a broad smile and said:
That was a good try, Arleigh.
I used to use the same thing my
self when I was Secretary Of the
Navy. But Charlie Wilson always
turned me down, and I'm turning
you down"
Admiral Arleigh Burke, chief
Of naval operations, laughed too.
and the Joint Chiefs Of Staff
turned to another problem.
This is just one incident in
working session of the Joint
Chiefs of Staff, but it shows how
Secretary Gates operates. and it
explains why he has gained a re-
putstion in the Pentagon as the
most effective Secretary of De-
fense of the Eisenhower adminis-
tration.
The Gates success story is not
only lesson for future Presidents
who will be hiring Defense Secre-
taries, but it also is the basis for
the feeling in Republican circles
that Mr. Gates should be extended
in his job if Mr.. Nixon wins.
Secrets Of Success
There are two secrets to the
success of Mr.. Gates. The first is
given by the men who work under
him. the chiefs of staff, for in
stance. They say Mr.. Gates is eff
fective because he is experienced
He has been in the Pentagon as
Undersecretary of the Navy. Sec
retary of the Navy, Deputy Secre-
tary of Defense and Secretary of
Defense for seven years. He knows
all the questions and most of the
answers.
The second secret you can learn
from Mr.. Gates himself. The Sc
cret: He's a listener.
His friends confirm this. In g
meeting he makes no effort to be
the center Of attention. Unlike
Secretary of Defense Wilson
whose ebulient personality domi.
mated every meeting. Mr.. Gate.
prefers to watch other people anc
listen.
1T is easier to make decision;
after giving the interested people
a chance to be heard and settins
educated myself" Mr.. Gates said
Sometimes I can anticipate tn,
argument, but l still listen. Usual
ly I learn a good many thing
that are new. however, so 1 hav,
to study the arguments care
fully"
BY giving people sympatheti
and complete hearing. Mr.. Gate
believes he puts them on his side
and when he must rule againS
them thew are not hurt
On Making Decisions
No easy problem comes up Il
the Secretary. His predecessor
often found it impossible to max
clear, quick decisions, and mill
tary men say American defenS
suffered as a result. But MI
Gates not only makes decisions
he makes the diSputants like it,
He has done so we'll that h
Evening star., 1960-08-21
BY SEMIH USTUN
Contributing Writer

The modern Turkish state was
set up 81 years ago by Mustafa
Kemal Ataturk, a military man
with a genius for political affairs.
He was able to pull his nation
out of the Middle Ages and into
the Twentieth Century in one
short lifetime.
What he left undone is now the
goal of the new military leaders
of Turkey who took control on
May 27 in a popular "bloodless"
revolution. Their aim is to put
Turkey back on the road to prog
reSs and to make sure that de-
mocracy becomes and remains her
way of life.
The first need is to establish
the foundations of the new state.
This is now being done by a group
of university professors and ju-
rists who are drafting the new
constitution. The final draft will
be approved by the 38-man Com
mittee of National Unity. serving
for the time being as Turkeys
legislative branch. and then sub
mitted to the nation in general
referendum.
Although the draft constitution
Is not yet announced, the main
features of the new TurkiShs state
to emerge from it are already
visible.
Checks and Bolonces
The most important innovation
will be a system of separation of
powers and the checks and bal
anceS that go along with it. A
new constitutional court, similar
to the United States Supreme
Court. will provide brake for the
actions of the legislature. Civil
liberties will be protected by the
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS from the
other two branches.
An additional check on the leg
islature, which combined the eX-
ecutive and legislative functions
under the 1923 constitution, will be
a new senate with only 60 of the
2l3 members to be elected. A
specific number of senators will
represent. and be chosen by, such
professional groups as the press.
universities, labor unions, COM
merce and others. Fifteen sem
atorS will be appointed by the
president and the 38 members of
the military junta will become
senator's automatically. The term
of Office will be six years.
Another departure from the old
system will be in the formation
of the executive branch. The
president will be elected by the
members of the houses but may
or may not be a deputy himself.
The same will hold true for the
cabinet This is expected to re-
duce partiSanship in government
Evening star., 1960-08-21
Win Have Free Press

The new Turkish state (Some are
calling it the Second Republic
will have a press free from direct
or indirect government control.
The Menderes regime imposed
more than 800 Jail sentences on
Journalists and withheld advcrtiS-
ing and newsprint from opposition
Evening star., 1960-08-21
Continued From Page C-1

Continued From Page C-1
ber of rebel army troops took over
the capital of Vietiane.
On Monday, the leader of this
group, demanding a neutralist
course be steered between the
East and West, picked Prince Sou
wanna Phouma, twice a former
Premier, to head the government.
The Prince. who made a truce
in 1857 with the Communist
dominated Pathet Lao rebels, said
he would maintain a truly neu-
tralist policy, but that he also
would live up to previous agree
ments with other countries.
Whether he will order out of
Laos the 100 American and 400
French military personnel who
have been aiding the training of
on Katanga's future, has strong
case in law and in practical poll
tics. To the extent that he wins
African backing for his position,
Soviet sabotage may be brought
under control.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-20

33V-WolI phone memo and 3-mnute timer mechanical
daIer pencil Copper and nickel 2.Ss 3aVl-WftnOut
timer. lbs 33W-Musnetie phone pods, clips to phone
with daler pencil held magnetcally Brass chromium
finish. lbs 33Y-Phone Mute-Clips phone and has
handy diaIer mechanical pencil complete alphabetical
phone and address index Brass or chromium finish 29s
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-20

33R-oId Border FovrPieee Desk Set simulated leather
Desk pad l5x22 metal letter opener perpetual calendar
memo box /memo paper Black, white, brown green 500
33S-cod border photo obvm, Smihcrafed padded simu
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album paper screw post binding Black white. brown.
green 500 33T-oId border loose Ieof address, Christ
mas Gard and Gift List book 6x512". Simulated leather
cover Black white brown, green Smithcrafted 500 Ssu
One Year Diuy. Gold Border design padded simu-
lated leather cover Sturdy lock and key Black white
brown, green. %9V
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-20

33F-PersonoIized Gifts by Apex-monogrammed with
or initials Writing portfolio with swivel desk pen in pas-
tic fabric White glitter, gold tan ostrich 4Ss 330-0o'd-
tone key chan-ly0 90. COldtone money cp-loO Phone
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by Apex 33H-Apex address book Florentine designed
leather gold back initials Green, ivory Floentne 2's
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-20

33J - Fip-A-PasePhoso Album. padded antique design
RegaItex Cover goldtooed Regular size-7"xll2" 39S
King sze-ll1a"xl3". Brown, red, green, ivory. OPS
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elm anre 49S 33l-Ebonite Pen Bose with letter rack
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pens Black white. brown walnut. 3"x9" 7.Ss 33M-
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point pen matching retracable pencil Formica trimmed
with brass sides. Black, white. brown. SHo
Kodiak mirror. [volume] (Kodiak, Alaska) 1940-1976, 1960-11-26
Kodiak To Be Linked Direct With US.
In Newly Installed TolI-DiaIing System

One of the foremost signs of
progress in the State of Alaska in
the past few years, has been the
development of Communication
facilities. Alaska has been includ-
ed in the nationwide toll dialing
plan making it possible for Alas
kans to call any place in the world,
simply by dialing the proper num-
bers.
Comparatively recent innovations
in the communication field have
made the transmission of voice and
dial impulses over radio lines al
most fool proof. While this has
improved all communications, it
has created hardships in many
cases. Many towns whose telephone
service was entirely adequate un-
der the old system, found them
selves in need of substantial i'm
provements in order to tie into the
rest of the world.
In an effort to bring this SER
vice to it's users, plans were form
ulated by the Kodiak Telephone
Company, in cooperation with the
Stromber- Carlson Co., of Roches-
ter, NY, and as a consequence
a new, modern dial system with
all the latest improvements is now
being installed, and should be
ready for service next month
Installer foreman is R. J. Smith,
who is assisted by Robert Hanson.
Smiths wife, Anita, here on va
cation, is also helping out. Full
cooperation is being given by the
Alaska Communications System in
the changeover. M/Sgt Archie
Zehe, officer in charge of ACS
here, was particularly mentioned
by company officials for his assis-
lance.
One of the problems brought on
by the advent of toll dialing has
been the assignment of office codes
Kodiak mirror. [volume] (Kodiak, Alaska) 1940-1976, 1960-11-26

to every town that is being includ-
ed. AS you have noticed, the stan
dard for many years has been to
assign an area with the prefix of
Greenfield, Fairfax, etc. So many
towns are now "going Dial", that
office codes are no longer going
to be available. Many of the towns
that have recently changed over
are now in the process of reed
ucating their users to use 7 nu-
merals. Two of the most notable
examples are New York, and San
Francisco. The Bell Telephone
System has now issued directives
to their operating companies that
all new exchanges will be assign
ed numerals. The exchange at
Sitka, Alaska was cut over on a
z numeral basis more than two
years age, and contrary to ex-
pectations no difficulty was Gu
countered. The original assign
ment to Kodiak was to be Hum
bolts, however in view of the fore
going, this has been changed to
1876 with the Navy exchange being
assigned 48-7.
One of the greatest improve
mentS to be included in the new
Kodiak system is called terminal
perStation" This simply means
that wherever you move within
the limits of the Kodiak Telephone
exchange, you will retain the same
number. 1t also remains the same
If you should have your type of
service changed, from 4 party to
] party, or vice versa. Along with
that feature, will be another,
known as intercept service. If you
should dial non-working number,
or a mis-d9al occurs, you will be
automatically switched to a tape
announcer, which will inform you
that the number you have dialed
has been changed Or disconnected.
Kodiak mirror. [volume] (Kodiak, Alaska) 1940-1976, 1960-11-26

In the interest of faster and better
Long Distance communications,
the ACS is currently installing
equipment to match the Kodiak
Telephone equipment, which will
allow the user to reach the LID
operator in Anchorage direct. This
is done by merely dialing ITO.
The Anchorage operator will
answer the caller, and direct-dial
to almost anyplace in the us.
Gordon Jensen, local manager is
quite happy with the new equip
ment and will be responsible for
its maintenance. Charles N. Trier-
Schield, from Sitka, is in charge
of the cable splicing, 400 pair Of
wires, by the way, and has one Of
the most important jobs in the
changeover. Also here to help pre-
pare the cut-over is r. j. Gushing,
Gen. Mgr of Sitka-Kodiak Tele-
phone Companies. 1t is the wish of
the management of the Kodiak
Telephone Company that the very
Kodiak mirror. [volume] (Kodiak, Alaska) 1940-1976, 1960-11-26

latest, and best in Communications
be made available to its USERS
John F. Cushing, President, and
Martha Gushing Sec. Treasurer
both feel that Kodiak is growing,
and will continue to grow Good
communications is vital to its pro
gress, they say.
Kodiak mirror. [volume] (Kodiak, Alaska) 1940-1976, 1960-11-26

moning, they found penciled note
saying: I'VE give up"
Police said the safe was empty.
Kodiak mirror. [volume] (Kodiak, Alaska) 1940-1976, 1960-11-26

PITTSBURGH Up - Safe crack
ers gave up trying to open safe
at a Pittsburgh garage-and it's
just as well they did.
When employees arrived this
Kodiak mirror. [volume] (Kodiak, Alaska) 1940-1976, 1960-11-26

MONTANA (P) = In Montana,
a black mother bear and 2 cubs
have taken a seasons lease on a
steam heated apartment" in
yellowstone park. Their shores can
be heard above hole heated by
an active hot spring. Park rangers
say it has been used by hibernat-
ing bears the past 10 years.
Evening star., 1960-10-13
Ban on Exports
To Cubu Studied
By the Associated Press

The State Department says
the United States may impose
new controls on exports to
Cuba within a few days.
There were reports the en-
barge might cover industrial
machinery and supplies or
possibly all goods except food
and medical supplies.
The new controls repeatedly
would be aimed at blocking
shipments of replacement parts
for United States-built oil re-
fineries which the Castro
regime has seized.
The Commerce Department
began restricting exports of
jeepS and trucks To Cuba and
the Dominican Republic six
weeks ago.
Evening star., 1960-10-13
Victim of Cubons Called.
Hoppy-Go-Lucky Guy

BOSTON, Oct. l3 (AP).-
Anthony zarba. executed today
by a Cuban firing squad. was
described by a brother, Saliva
NOre. as "a happy lucky guy
who liked excitement"
Salvatore, a resident of
Burlington, heard of the ex-
ecution today. and had only one
comment: "Those Cubans are
a bunch of animals-they cap
ture him one day and execute
him the next"
Salvatore said he and his
father James, also of Burling-
ton, had been worried because
they had not heard from
Anthony for a long time.
Living in Miami
He said his brother, formerly
Of Somerville, East Boston and
Medford. had been living in
Miami with his wife Mary Ann
and a 4-year-old daughter,
Susan.
He said Anthony attended
Lincoln High School in Med
ford, but dropped out because
of an asthmatic condition
which prevented him from
Evening star., 1960-10-13

serving with the armed forces.
He said Anthony worked for
a sugar company and had fire.
quently visited Cuba in con-
nection with his work.
Brothers. Letter
In a letter more than a year
ago, he said. Anthony wrote ne
hasn't working at his job, but
was still with the Cubans-
if I tried to explain it to you
I'd have to write a book"
1--WE got to follow this thing
through" the letter continued.
IF it doesn't work out, I'll go
back to work and live a normal
life"
Salvatore said they would
make an effort to have An
thongs body returned here for
burial.
Zarba also is survived by his
parents, his brother and three
sisters.