davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1960-10-28

The four rabbiS of Phoenix and
the Center will sponsor series OF
dialogues and group discussions.
The discussions viii take place at
the Center. The first one will be
Sunday, Nov. 6, at 8 pm. Rabbis
Milton Shulman and Carol Klein
will discuss the topic, Should the
Jews Proselytize." They will dis
cuss the subject from ancient times
and bring the subject up to date.
Other topics and the rabbis for
the discussions are: "A Look at
American Judaism 1884, Rabbls
Albert Plotkin and Louis Green
berg; What is a Jew?" Rabbis
Shulman and Greenberg. The last
discussion will have the title of
Are the Biblical and Prophetic
Ethics in Conflict with Modern
Living?"
The Golden Age Chorus is cur
rently meeting every Wednesday,
3 pm, at the Center. The chorus
needs some male voices to round
out the vocal group.
The Golden Age Club will hold
their election Wednesday, Nov. 2.
Officers and the members OF the
executive board will be elected for
the coming year In order to vote
members must pay their member
ship fee of So.
The Jewish Affairs Luncheon
Forum. under the Craftsmanship OF
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1960-10-28
Beth Hebrew
Is Por+y Site

A card party will be given by
Phoenix Bikkor Cholim Saturday,
Nov. 5, pm. at Beth Hebrew
Congregation, 333 East Portland.
Donation will be 81. Tickets may
be obtained by calling Mr.. Max
Singer, Ticket Chairman, at AL
4-36O1. Assisting Singer will be
Mrs. Peggy Goldin, AM 5-0736, and
Mrs. Selma Siperstein, AL 1886.
Mrs. Jerome Klein will be the
hospitality chairman assisted by
Mrs. Esther Kalish. Refreshments
will be served and a door prize
will be given.
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1960-10-28
Group.
u. S. Guests

NEW YORK, tJTA) = At least
20 scholars and scientists on the
faculty of the Hebrew University
in Jerusalem are currently serv-
ing as guest professors or lecturers
at leading American educational
institutions, it was announced here
by Professor Benjamin Mazar,
president of Hebrew University.
At a press conference under the
auspices of the American Friends
of the Hebrew University, DR.. Ma
zar declared that the long list OF
Hebrew University notables invited
by American universities reflects
the Hebrew University's high de-
gree of scholarly attainment. ;"
StresSing the universitys role as
"a great cultural reservoir for
world Jewry,' DR.. MaZar stated
that ''first and foremost, our aim
is to build one of the great CEN
ters of learning, and to further hui
man progress everywhere. t n e
Hebrew University now, he report
ed, has a student enrolment OF
$500, including 100 Arabs, while
the number of students from new
ly Independent Asian and African
countries is increasing.
Among the American institutions
of higher learning where Hebrew
University faculty members are
now serving as guests professors
are Columbia, Princeton, Univer-
sity of California, University of
Pennsylvania, Harvard, S t n
ford. Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, and Brandeis Univer-
Sity.
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1960-10-28

REGISTERED NURSE - Mrs.
Jean Cohen. Private care given in
hospital or your home. AL S-O962.
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1960-10-28
Chopter Meeting
A+Womon' S Home

Pioneer Women of Israel, Phoe-
nix Chapter, have scheduled an
open meeting for Thursday, Oct.
q. / pm. at the home of Mrs.
Lena Sabesewitz, 322 w. Culver.
Mrs Edward Kunzer, Regional
Director of Pioneer Women, will be
the speaker at the gathering. She
will speak about Pioneer Women S
work in Israel. Refreshments will
be served, and the public is in
vited.
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1960-10-28

EXCESS HAIR-permanently re-
moved by registered nurse. 1908 N
3rd st. CIR 4-7450 or AM 6-0554.
The Phoenix Jewish news., 1960-10-28
GoIdwa+er At Dinner

Arizona's Senator Barry Cold
water will be the featured speaker
at a Patio Dinner Wednesday, Nov.
2. The event is sponsored by the
Mems Club of Temple Beth Israel.
, 1960-02-10

tel built under the Fomento
program. From Paraguera
they will see the Betances
monument and pass through
the 80 streets of the capital
city.
Returning to Mayaguez they
will visit the beaches of Jo-
yuda and Punta Arenas. On
Continued on page Al
, 1960-02-10

These gentlemen were also
concerned with bakers, cooks
and crane operators, but I
felt that we should withhold
action on these three catego-
ries for the time being and
concentrate on those which
have been listed above.
please confirm to me that
the foregoing will be strictly
Continued on page a
, 1960-02-10
Willidm Edgen Of
Sumford Company
Suffers Stroke

Williams Edgen, who super
vises all work connected with
the runways and surfacing
the highways for the A. c.
Sanford Company, suffered a
stroke yesterday morning
while at work.
Mr.. Edgen, one of the hard
est working supervisors ever
seen in these parts, has made
hundreds of friends since
coming to st. Croix on the
Airport project for this COM
pany. He is always the first
on the job every morning and
the very last to leave at
nights. He personally taught
natives to operate the heavy
and technical equipment with
which the Sanford Company
IS showing such efficiency,
and he declares that they are
as good and the equal of
others on the mainland who
have worked under him. He
is highly respected by them.
He has given valuable as
sistance to many civic activi-
ties. Recently he helped the
newly UIgdIIizeu Horse UWn-
ers Association in carrying
through a successful program.
Word Of his illness brought
expressions Of regret and
also hope for his quick and
complete recovery.
snL
, 1960-02-10
Holt Certificution Of
Fourteen Groups
OF Alien Workers

No.
The Virgin Islands Employ
ment Service has been or
dered to cease certifying
aliens for work in the Virgin
Islands in fourteen different
categories:
The categories include auto
mechanics, bartenders, body
1epairmen, bookkeeping ma
chine operators, grocery store
{ Jerks, jewellers, machine
press operators.
Also plumbers, pressers,
printers, sales clerks, radio
r%epairmen, secretaries a d
shipWrights.
Governor Merwin declared
in a letter to Mrs. E. Louise
Scott Director of the Em-
ployment Service:
"On January 20, I had a visit
from Messrs. Juhl and Mitch
ell Of the Y. S. immigration
Service. Both these gentle
men are deeply concerned
over the fact that we are still
certifying aliens for work
here in the Virgin Islands in
various categories that are
not considered to fall within
the TIC puI u the original
intent Of regulations govern
ing this area.
agreed with the Immigra-
ton gentlemen that all Of
these categories are clearly
outside the purview Of cur
rent regulations. According
", you will take steps to see
that every bonded alien serv-
ing in the positions listed will
be returned to their places Of
proper residence at the termi-
nation of their current con-
tracts, Furthermore, you will
take action to see that no new
clearances are issued for per-
sons in any Of the above list
ed categories.
, 1960-02-10
Scouts Occupy
Honorary Posts in
Industries

In observance Of National
Scout Week several scouters
from the newly organized
unit of the St. Mary's School,
occupied honorary positions
as head Of Government agen-
cies and industries.
In the Municipal Court, Lew
Muckle served as Clerk of the
Police Court a n d David
WoiiOy as Marshal. Judge
William Moorhead made a few
brief remarks concerning Ma
tional Scout Week and at the
conclusion Of his talk, he
called upon G, Luz James,
Scoutmaster Of the Unit to
say a few words.
, 1960-02-10
Luis Ferre. Repub.
Leader in P. r.. to
Spedk in ST. Thomus
Local Girl Scout
Leaders Going on
Tour Of Puerto Rico

AAAS~ aMAN ~
Several local leaders of tht
Girl Scouts in st. Croix met Q
in the Office of Education 6
yesterday evening and dis v
cussed final plans for going to a
Puerto Rico to take part in a d
tour under the auspices of the a
Insular Council. c
A group Of leaders, headed F
by Mrs. Claire Motta, will c
Join leaders Of the Girl Scouts
Of Puerto Rico and start on S
the tour from San Juan on Il
Saturday, February 10th. s.
Among the places they plan q
to visit or past through are q
Caguas, Cayay, Salinas, San
ia Isabel and Ponce, where B
they will remain overnight. h
There they will visit the e
Fiesta Candy Factory, Catho-
lie University and Queen 4
Santa Maria Church, the Fire I,
Station and the new Hotel ],
Ponce Intercontinental." 7,
They will head for Maya d,
guez passing through Guaya- ci
nilla and inspect the Petro-
leum Refinery where all the NJ
aviation gasoline is produced, P
fhence tn G11anica t tie y Y
stone that marks the entrance v
of the Americans in Puerto bl
Rico. In San German they will ii
visit the oldest church in the cc
western hemisphere "Porta- cs
Coelis'' and see the principal S,
church of the city also the sa
lamp given BY Isabel, Queen
Of Spain. t.
The party will also pass by pl
the Inter-American Univer- til
sity formerly Polytechnic In m
stitute). Remaining overnight til
in Mayaguez they will have Ct
breakfast at the aParaguera"
and visit the Sanctuary Of the "
Virgin Of Monserrat in Hor- i,
migueros and then a new ho-
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1960-10-15
(olgg. Bentley ATTACKS
Kennedy Proposed Meet

trict of Columbia and the anti
lynch law Bentley said.
Bentley said conference such
as Kennedy has called might
do some good in the southern
cities where Negroes are hinder
ed in their efforts to register
and vote.
The fact that il is being con-
Quoted in New York City indi-
Gates that the Democrats have
used high-sovnding name 10 get
Negroes TO attend what will real
ly be a political rally" he added.
Kennedy has advertised that
Governor G. Mennen Williams
and Sen. Philip A. Hart will at
tend from Michigan along with
Rep. Charles c. Diggs, Jr.
Mrs. Franklin ID. Roosevelt and
former New York Gov. Herbert
II. Lehman will represent New
York State.
KENNEDY advised several De-
troit rs planning TO attend that
I'VE need the benefit of your
counsel"
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1960-10-15
DR.. Crane To
Speak At People S

The guest speaker last Sunday
morning at the 1870 services oil
PEOPLES Community Church Wo'
edward and Pingrec, was Dr.
Henry Hit Crane, Minister Emeri-
tus Central Methodist Church.
An overflowing congregation OF
more than 1900 worshlppcrs
heard dynamic sermon on inc
Church--The Heart of The CITY
In his closing remarks DR. Crane
declared "All the woes we una
in the world is a part OF lie ;
program. "Just as the heart Is
the functioning power OIL inc
body. the church is the heart oil
the city
sunday, Oct, is the guest
sneaker at the 1890 am. services
will be Rabbi Morris Adler.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1960-10-15
St. Paul S Plans
Revival Services

Evangelist Rev. Charles Kirk
land of Detroit will preach We'd
nesday night Oct. II, at St. Paul
Methodist Church 20499 Ohio, for
the commission on membership
and Evangelism. Rev. c. X. Trice
host minister, Mrs. A. b. Magec,
chairman Mr.. Donald Bennett
Secretary.
The Methodist mems banquet
sponsored by St Paul Methodist
Church 20499 Ohio is scheduled
for Saturday night Oct. Is. Mr..
w. p Counts, chairman invites
the public to join in the Activi-
ties, The Rev. c. r. Tricc host
pastor.
The Eev. Robert Kelly Pastor
of Mount Pleasant Methodist
Church, Cleveland Ohio will con-
duct a revival service at ST. Paul
Methodist Church 20499 Ohio st.
Oct. 1923, beginning each night
at 1880 pm. The Rev. Z. r. Trice
host minister announces that Rev.
Kelly is a dynamic preacher. The
Commission on membership and
Evangelism is in charge Of the
service. Mrs. A. L. Magce, chair
man.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1960-10-15

Milton, Chairman and Co-Chair.
man OF the Dinner Committee
IN announcing the selection of
these speakers said. These per
sonalities are chosen because
they represent different levels
OF the Negro freedom struggle
and come from different advan-
tage point II is our feeling that
this diversity OF location Will
make for a rounded presentation
OF the present status OF the
fight for Negro freedom; in adj
dltlon TO which, both are we'll
known and loved by the people
OF the downriver community"
The goal of the Drive is S.
600. Contributions are being re-
oeived daily. The largest con
tribution received this week
came from JAW Local No. 2.
Other contributions received and
the amount will be reported
next week. Tickets can be pur-
chased at Sumby Hospital, or
by calling WA 8-80l5 of vi 2
83l9.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1960-10-15
Moon Resigns From MAA(p
To Accept NY( Post

in the nations domestic life. | am
proud TO have served on the MA
ACP staff and leave it with gen
uine regret.
my commitment 10 the Assocl-
alton goes back 10 my boyhood
days, when my father served as
first president OF the Cleveland
branch" Mr.. Noun wrote.
In regreffuIIy accepting the re-
signation, Secretary Wilkins
praised the veteran journalist
saying you brought TO your work
here a sound training and long
experience.
Especially valuable in your
post here was your knowledge OF
Negro life. its personalities. It's
Segments. PHILOSOPHERS, histories
and activities.
The years between 1913 and
1860 we're exciting ones along
the civil rights front, Mr. WIKI
ms asserted. Giant strides were
made. You helped to chronicle
those strides and your counsel
within the NAACP staff helped
shape some of the moves that
were made.
II wish YOU success and pro
gress in your new employment,
Secretary wilkins concluded
Mr.. Moon, who has lectured at
some of the nations leading
educational institutions, IS noted
for his book. Balance OF Power:
The Negro Vote primer Tor
political scientists. No successor
has been designated.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1960-10-15

NEW YORK, - Resignation of
Henry Lee Moon, NAACP director
OF public relations for the past
II years. was announced this week
with deep regret by the Associ
atoms Executive Secretary Roy
wilkins.
Mr. Moons resignation becomes
effective Oct. 7. in order that he
may assume his new duties as
deputy director of public lnforma
ton for the Housing and Rcdc
,clopmcnt Board of New York
City.
Il can assure you, Mr.. Moon
wrote Secretary wilkins, that
ibis has been no easy decision
ier mc>to make after more than
twelve years of exciting, challcng
lns and rcwarding work
He termed the work OF the
Association THE most important
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1960-10-15
Rev. Alternately, Dr.. Sau|sberry
10 Keynote Freedom Fund Dinner

The River Rouge-Ecorse MA
ACP Fight for Freedom Fund
committee has selected Rev.
Ralph ID. Alternately and DR.. Guy
q Saulsberry as the principle
speakers for their Annual Fight
For Freedom Fund Dinner.
The banquet, with dancing to
follow, will be held on October
- at the Ford Local 600 new
auditorium, Dearborn, Michigan.
Rev. Alternately is pastor Of
First Baptist Church. Montgo-
merry, Alabama and was associat.
cd with the Rev. Martin Luther
King in the Montgomery Bus Boy
ec'f. He is currently president
OF the Montgomery Improvement
Association.
DR.. Saulsberry is former re-
sIdcnt of Ecorse and had offices
IN River Rouge. He is currently
Mcdical Director of Kirwood
Hospital, Detroit. Michigan. DR..
Saulsberry is widely Travelled
and noted for his outstanding
oratorical ability.
Martin Washington and Byron
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1960-10-15
Best In Education Denied
10 Negroes, MorseN Says

CAMBRIDGE, Mass. - Regard
less of how much money is APP
propriatcd for education, the
best in education is not obtain
able by Negroes in a racially
segregated system DR.. John A.
Morscll, assistant to the executive
secretary of the NAACP, observes
in an article in the current issue
of the Harvard Educational Re-
view, a professional quarterly
published for the Harvard Uni
verSity Graduate School of Educa-
ton.
The abandonment Of school
segregation" he continues, thus
becomes cardinal element in
any projection that calls for maxi
mum development and employ
ment of the country's human re-
sources. But this logic, or any
logic of history, justice of human.
ity which we invoke finds hard
going against the entertainments
of tradition, sclf-interest and
monolithic political power which
the South has arrayed against
racial change
Denial of equal educational
opportunities imposes upon Me-
qroes lever wider and more Grip
ping disadvantages in the COM
petition Of adult years. The dis
advantages are cumulative for
individuals and for generations"
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1960-10-15

the NAACP spokesman points
cut.
But whatever test, he asserts,
the education available TO Ne
grocs will be found to be in
ferior on the average to that avail
liable TO whites. This means that
no effort to bring the nation up
TO the required standards will
genuinely serve the purpose UNI
less ii Incorporates special mea-
sures to ensure that the present
Negro-white educational gaps are
eliminated and that the conditions
which produced them no longer
exist
DR.. Morscll's article. entitled,
Schools. Courts, and the Negroes
Future is one of eight contri-
butcd to this special issue of the
Harvard Educational Review
which is devoted entirely to the
subject of Negro education in the
United States.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1960-10-15
Tells Progress Of
Israel Indignation

NEW YORK-The State of
lSreal has made tremendous pro-
gress in solving the very com.
pick problem of migrating a
highly disparate group of immi-
grants into the new society"
Herbert Hill, NAACP labor Sc
cretary, reported on his return
this week from tour of the
Midwest republic.
While in the country, Mr.. Hall
talkcd with israeli citizens
whose skins were white, brown
or black" He conferred also
with leaders in government, cdu-
cation and the trade union move
ment. While much remains to
be done, he noted, "one cannot
but be impressed by the intense
efforts on the part of those in
the leadership of major political,
social and economic institutions
TO handle rapidly and effectively
the mass of immigration into
Israel"
He expressed the opinion that
developments in Israel will have
a profound meaning for all the
under developed countries now
achieving political freedom"
The NAACP labor secretary
was the guest of lIistadrut, the
Israel Federation of Labor. lie
ended tour of Europe with q
soj0urn in the 12-ycar-old re-
public. In England, he lcctur-
ed at the University of Noting
ham. Among groups that he adj
dressed in Israel was a trade
union meeting in the Phillip Muir
lay House in Ncgcv.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1960-10-15

Congressman Alvin NJ. Bentley
accused Democratic presidential
candidate John Kennedy Friday
Of picking the wrong site for a
proposed National Conference on
Constitutional Rights end Ameri-
can Freedom.
The conference is being spon-
sored by the Kennedy campaign
camp for two days next week at
the Park Shelton Hotel in New
York City.
In telegram TO the Democratic
presidential nominee, Bentley ask
ed Kennedy to please tell the
American public why you are
holding the conference in New
York City, where Negroes can
register and vote without restric-
ton?
Bentley said If Kennedy had
been sincere he would have con-
Quoted the clinic in Montgomery.
Ala. Jackson, Miss. or Little
Rock, Ark.
Bentley also asked Kennedy TO
explain why Negro leaders like
Martin Luther King. A. Philip
Randolph, Roy wilkins and DR.
Benjamin Mayes were not invited
TO attend.
Several Negroes in the Detroit
Metropolitan area were sent in
viations by mail. Some expressed
a desire TO attend.
Bentley said at his Detroit
headquarters Friday that 1T is
notable that the Democratic vice
presidential candidate, Senator
Lydon B. Johnson, is not included
on the list of guests.
1T would be too difficult for
Kennedy to explain Johnsons
against indignation in the Dis
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1960-10-15
Urge Real Estate
Segregation Ban

HARRISBURG, Pa, - The Ma
ACP has urged that the Pen
nsylvania State Real Estate Com
mission use all its power TO halt
the vicious practices of real estate
brokers throughout the State OF
Pennsylvania"
In testimony at a public hear
ihs before the Real Estate Com
mission on Sept. 80. Calvin ID.
Banks, NAACP field secretary,
declared that the failure of cf-
forts 10 cause effective lcgisla-
iion TO be enacted makes il
urgently necessary that the Real
Estate Commission utilize all
IT. power to fill the legislative
void"
Without q fair housing law,
M. Banks asserted that only the
Commission could Correct some
OF the inivsfices which have thus
afflicted so many individuals who
are defenseless against power
'vl. well-organized real estate in
dUstry."
Mr.. Banks urged that content
OF any advertising that Is mis-
leading should constitute re-
vocation Of realty license and
mat brokers should be prohibited
from any direct or indiscrete
references 10 race, creed or color
IN advertising.
Mr.. Banks further suggested
mat no broker should be allowed
10 refuse TO entertain and process
an offer from a qualified buyer
irrespective of the race, creed
or color of that buyer"
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1960-10-15

NEWS

DR.. Br0adus Butter, Of Wayne
State University Is scheduled ~
denver the annual Men Day
message wnen Unitcd Christian
Men mold annual services on
sunday, Oct. 10 at III am. John
A. Johnson will preside and
Inaries 49, Nj give inc
responsive reading ana prayer.
Comments OH the theme.
Always Be Ready wlll be gwen
by Edward Douglas and Wallace
!. Williams. Participants also in
ciuue Maurice Jones, Walter
strickland, Nathan Reese, Russell
Hardy, Jouie Parker, Leroy Bos-
nc, iershcll Summers, Harold
Weavcrs, William Anderson, Ben
Jamln Strickland, Oliver Nunully,
James Waters, Keller Moore.
Arthur Stanley. The gospel chorus
and senior choir Will render
music Tor the service.
The men OF the 18th Street Mis-.
slonary Baptist Church, 1910 Mid.
land, will present a Pre-Men's
Day program on Friday, Oct. IA
at 300 pm. featuring a contest
between the five singing groups
OF the church and special guest.
Sunday, Oct. 10, the morning
speaker will be Rev. S. j. vii.
llams, pastor Of the Third Bap-
list Church. Rev. Il. w. Mathis.
pastor, and Rev. George Howard.
publicity chairman.
Models presented the newest
in fall and winter attire when
st. John CME Church sponsored
ITS Fall Fashion Festival Sunday
afternoon. Some of the models
were Willie Lee Harris, Vera
Height, Marie Douglas, Corrine
Keys, Lorctto Wilson, Alice Bugs
Ollie Marie, Lillian Camp, Johnet.
te Gregory, Theresa Williams,
Willie Mae Battles, Jola Evans,
Amanda Blackshear, Geneva Ellis
Julia Mcqueen, JOY Prickett,
Geraldine Hardy, Eta Fears.
Music for the occasion was
furnished by the A. Capells with
Richard Green as director. The
program was sponsored by the
Mammoth Tea Committee of ST
John CME Church with Mrs
Willie l.. Jackson as general chair
man.
Committee members included
Mrs. Willie l.. Harris, chairman
OF models; Mrs. Addic O. Miller
program chairman; Mrs. Harriet
Odcn, chairman of hostesses;
Lorenzo Hampton. rcfrcshment
chairman; Mrs. Rosie Roberts, de-
c0rati0n chairman.
The Rev and Mrs. +. l.. Todd,
minister and wife of Mt. Zion
Baptist Church, Ecorse, will be
recipients of many honors during
the 10th anniversary of their
leadership on Oct. 16, %. q, 2a
and 80 with the program conferred
around the theme, THE Exalted
Christ The Rev. A. ID. Boone,
pastor Of Triumph Baptist Church,
will preach on Sunday, Oct. Is,
and the Rev. Joe Davis, pastor
Of the Pine Grove Baptist Church,
will be guest on Sunday, Oct %.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1960-10-15
On Holiday Tour

NEW YORK, - There arc nu.
merous interpretations of what's
supposed to be done on a vaca-
ton.
The most recent was announced
here this week when Kivic Ka-
plan, Boston industrialist and
co-chairman of the NAACP life
committee, returned
from his European holiday
The Interpretation: twelve $500
NAACP life memberships sold
abroad in a two-week period
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1960-10-15
3 Arrested For
Oklahoma Sit-In

OKLAHOMA CITY. II NAACP
Youth Council Advisor Mrs. Clara
Lupcr and tcenagcrs Harvey Cor
don and Willie Mcdonald. were
arrested in the Sooner Grill here
Ibis week.
They asked for cake and re-
fused to leave when il was with
held
One lieutenant. two scrgcants
and four officers answered the
rall. However, management dec
lined TO file charges.