davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-09-23
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Gases May Wage War of Nerves
By THOMAS r. HENRY

wars end. This has been ex-
haustively investigated with
respect to its possible effects
on the battlefield and the
general conclusion is that it
is more adaptable than tubun
for combat purposes.
In the words of Brig. Gen.
William H. Summerson, dep
uty commander of the re-
search command: THE nerve
gases introduced several new
elements into the war gas
picture. The first was a sig
nif1cant increase in lethality
over previously known chem
ical agents. 1t became pos
sible for the first time to con-
slider seriously delivery Of
chemical agents by aircraft
or missiles at long range"
Masks Are Safeguards
Any of the major powers,
it was stressed, can manu-
facture these gases at the
rate of hundreds of tons a
day. Effective masks now
give mplete protection.
These must, however, be in
the hands of entire popula-
tions in a war area and
there must be an adequate
warning system. Hitherto
practically all che mic a l
agents had a recognizable
odor or produced instant
irritation so that detection
was possible almost stimuli
taneously with the exposure.
But, according to the re-
port. there IS high likelihood
of far more lethal. gases.
One. lately developed by a
French chemist, kills a mouse
or rabbit with only a tenth
the dose required for sarin.
This particular substance
happens not to be we'll suited
for battle use, and is cited
only as an example Of what
to expect.
That an enemy might make
a surprise attack with some
as yet totally unknown agent
is quite possible. Chemical
Corps efforts are directed TO
keeping well abreast in re-
search, both in possible new
gases and in protective
measures.
Evening star., 1960-09-23
Apartment Plan

We of the Holmes Run
Acres Civic Association, Inc,
would like to amplify some
what the story about the
hearing on the proposed
apartment master plan be-
lore the Fairfax County
Board of Supervisors on Sep
tember IA.
While it was certainly true.
as written by your reporter.
that the majority of those
appearing before the board
opposed tower apartments for
Fairfax County, it was also
newSworthy, we feel, that one
nomeoWner who spoke at the
nearing did not find high
rise apartment buildings per
Sc Objectionable. The presi-
dent of our association, Mrs.
Richard G. Godfrey. was
tnlS speaker. 1t also seems
10 us newsworthy that she
was the only woman who ad-
dressed the board on the
apartment master plan, and
the only speaker who was
formally complimented by a
board member for her pre-
Sentation.
Mrs. Godfrey. on behalf of
our association, stated that
we consider that apartment
development is necessary and
desirable to the balanced
growth of Fairfax County.
AS regards county prob
lens, we always strive to be
reasonable, moderate and OBJ
Ject1ve, and were told we sue
ceeded in our statement on
the apartment master plan.
We are sorry that this special
recognition did not seem
i1ewsworthy to your reporter.
Mrs. Sarah Lahr,
Civic Affairs Chairman,
Holmes Run Acres Civic
Association, Inc.
Falls Church, Va,
Evening star., 1960-09-23
Just q 'RoondooqIe'

This will refer to an arti-
Gle on your financial page
on September 9 in which the
Small Business AdminiStra-
tion reported we had been
the successful bidders on a
$69,700 contract under the
Set-aside program.
So far as we are concerned
we have been obtaining this
type of business for 80 years
purely by being the low bid
der and the S.B.A. is strictly
Superfluous.
We think it is one more
boondoggle and not nearly
worth its cost.
John w. johnson,
President,
John w. johnson, Inc.
Evening star., 1960-09-23
Lodge at the u. N.

Americans of every shade
OF political opinion will be
cheerful about our record at
the United Nations, when
they reflect on the implica-
tionS Of the worldwide trib-
ute which the members of
the Security Council unani-
mously paid to the former
head OF the United States
delegation. In commencing
Henry Cabot Lodge for his
skill in presenting the Amer
lean viewpoint to the world
community, the member ma
tlons Of the Council, includ-
ing the Soviet Union, were
speaking for their govern
mentS.
Those Of US, who are nom
governmental Representatives
at the United Nations, and
have had the opportunity, at
first-hand, to know the com
plexitieS Of our role at inter-
national headquarters. can
testify impartially on the
abilities of MIR. Lodge when
he was the United States
chief spokesman.
AS negotiator and diplo-
mat on this vital central
stage, Mr.. Lodge attained
great stature as a statesman,
and won for the United
States the respect of neutral,
friend and foe.
Moses SchOnfeld.
Representative at the
United Nations for
the Zionist Organiza-
tiOn 0f An1orico
Evening star., 1960-09-23
Tobacco and Cancer

AS I read your paper every
day, I noticed in the Septem-
Der IA issue this headline.
Scientist Sees 5 Keys to
Cancer Cause, Cure"
1t was noted that one Of
the keys was smoking. I was
not surprised at this. I would
like to see DR.. Shimkin's idea
carried out where Americans
would quit smoking to prove
that death from lung cancer
would be reduced by 10000
lives a year. The tobacco
companies would not like to
see this idea carried out, be-
cause it would ruin them and
they are afraid the idea
would prove to be true.
Raney COppadge.
Evening star., 1960-09-23
Opposes Higher Fares

Congratulations to George
E. C. Hayes, chairman of
Public Utilities Commission,
for taking a bold stand
against another sharp boost
in D. c. Transit rates! His
position, as detailed in The
Evening Star, will win the
plauditS Of a half million
Washingtonians. who are
tired of Roy Chalk'S inces-
SAINT efforts to increase fares.
Already they're too high, a
burden to the working people!
If Washington were a self
governing town, public opin-
ion would rise up and blast
Chalk out Of town. 1t would
probably order condemnation
OF D. c. Transit and convert
it into a public-owned utility
with fixed rates. Here the
transit utility has always been
a gold mine, with steady
riders depending on it for
ten trips at least a week.
Four tokens for 95 cents,
as asked by Chalk, will mean
nearly a 20% increase in
fares. Chalk claims he needs
1t to pay increased wages.
Did the public demand that
he increase wagesp Did it de-
mand he put on expensive
buses to replace the more
satisfactory. already-paid-fo
trolley cars? Did the public
demand other expenses? It
did not!
Yet. Mr.. Chalk wants to
pass the bill on to the riding
public. the people in WASH
lngton Tor whom every cent
counts. All this to boost his
income just because Congress
said a return of 6la per cent
wouldn't be unreasonable !
On just what is that figure
based?
1t is hoped other P. U. c.
members will stiffen in tn
public interest. Let Chalk
sue II he wants to. Go to Con
gress. get it to Federalize
the transit company but for
Heavens sake, keep down
fares!
Charles p RaazIov
Evening star., 1960-09-23

mon flesh ranges from almost
white to the bright red Of
the Sockeye C"red') salmon.
The species are generally
priced according to- depth of
color of the meat, from chumS
through pinks, silvers, and
kings to sockeyeS.
Q.-Can sapphires be pro-
duced synthetically, as dia-
monds. are?-C. N.
Ayes. The first syn
thetic sapphires were made
around 1910, by a French
man who was trying to maka
rubies. They are now p~-
duced in quantity for use in
industrial and medical equip
ment, guided missiles and
watches. They are made by
high-temperature melting of
aluminium oxide mixed with
the proper metallic oxide for
coloring. The furnace is so
built that a crystal forms
on a stand. eventually form
ing a boule from which the
commercial gems are cut.
Evening star., 1960-09-23

strict zoning laws are passed
and enforced. A very large
proportion of the stadium's
fans will be boys and girls
under 81, who should not be
subjected to an environment
such as now surrounds Grit
nth Stadium.
Please use your newspaper
to influence our city authori-
ties to insure adequate pro-
lection for the stadium's S
vicinity as you have done
for Dulles International Air
port.
Robert Lamb (age I4,
Evening star., 1960-09-23

An international diplomacy
having all the dignity OF a
street brawl and an only
slightly higher sense of re-
sponsibility than that of
sailors drunk in a water
front dive has been brought
to these shores by Nikita
Khrushchev and Fidel Cas-
tro.
Suddenly we see before our
eyes the fine, full flower of
this century Of the common
man." Some representatives
of the common man have,
in fact, become too dread
fully common for words. And
so now we enter the Age of
Impertinence-and this in a
country which two centuries
ago helped lead the world
into the Age of Reason.
For our own homegrown
Responsibilities and adult
delinquents contribute gladly
to this CHASTITY assault upon
elementary taste and elemen-
tary sense which the Com
munists and their stooges like
Castro have set off in New
York.
For examples, there are
the "union leaders" who take
1t upon themselves-though
no one had yet understood
them to be the lawful spokes-
men of our foreign policies
to go out bowling impreca-
tions against foreign visitors
who are, God save the mark.
also the heads of powerful
nations, restrained neither
by tradition nor by the ordi-
nary prudence which civil
lied men have learned to
exercise.
Embarrassing Their Host
And then there are the
refugee groups which, ac-
cepting the hospitality of our
long tradition, now use their
opportunities to add to the
clack and clamor. One can
have the most compassion
ate understanding of the
thoroughly justified hatredS
they feel for the Commu-
nists. But one cannot for
give their determination to
carry their just quarrels to
the point of embarrassment
and injury to the very gov
ernment which has given
them shelter.
There is an appalling ter
ror for the very future of a
world teetering at the brink
Of an abyss while grisly
clownishness disports itself
in New York-and right up
to the very doors of the
United Nations, itself.
Evening star., 1960-09-23
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used IL
letters carry iDriters' correct
names and addresses. All let
ters are subject to condenSd-
tton. Those not used tDiu be
returned only iDhen accom-
panied by self = addressed,
stamped enUelopeS.
Evening star., 1960-09-23

Nerve gases. an accidental
German discovery late in
World War II, have vastly
changed the possible picture
of future combat between
major powers.
They may well have as
much significance as nuclear
bombs. They could cause as
many casualties and put as
many enemy troops out of
action.
This was stressed at a
recent demonstration of the
Army Chemical Corps Re
search and Development
Command. Hitherto the
subject has been largely
taboo, partly because of
public prejudice. There has
been a widespread idea
that the gases are inhumanly
cruel.
The new gases, it was re-
vealed in this demonstration,
are colorless, odorless, very
nearly undetectable to human
senses without special instru-
mentation. They act by put
ting out Of action a single
engine. cholinesterase. This
normally controls, in ex-
tremely minute amounts, the
accumulation of choline-
acetyl, necessary for muscle
action, which is released by
nerve impulses. AS a. result,
this substance piles up and
muscle action becomes un-
comfortable. Death results in
a few seconds.
Seized by Russians
First of the nerve gases
discovered was "tubun." Ger
mans had it available in
large quantities towards the
close of the war. Apparently
none Of the allies knew any
thing about it. A large plant
had been set up for its man
ufacture. This was captured
by the Soviet advance and
moved bodily into Russia,
where, so far as known, it
still is operating.
At the same time Germans
had developed a second nerve
gas, Sarin. There were, how
ever. small laboratory sam
Piles of the material at the
Evening star., 1960-09-23
Uniformed Utopio'

OOlukll1l Va OCPbCl1lDCI AZ JllSIC
appeared a letter Uniformed
Utopia" from Joyce A. Saa-
rela. in which she was. appar-
emily referring to H. R. 1919,
better known as the bill to
equalize military retired pay.
1t is obvious that she is not
familiar with the subject and
I feel that I must challenge
just one of her statements, to
wit "the military man who
retired before 1858 agreed to
the amount which he was to
receive" Of course that is not
correct. A military retiree has
only two options in regard to
the amount of his retired pay
take it or leave it.
The amount of retirement
pay is not by agreement-it is
fixed by the Congress, and
that is the crux of the matter.
Briefly, from 1861 to 1858 the
amount of military retired
pay was geared to active duty
military pay. Then in May,
1858, the Congress passed the
1858 Military Pay Act, and
the 98-year-old tradition was
not continued.
The people who were, and
are, hurt are those who re-
tired between 1949 and 1858,
and this group consists al
most entirely of those who
served when military pay
was very low, and promo
tionS were few and far be-
tween.
Twice during 1860 Presi-
dent Eisenhower asked the
Congress to pass the bill. It
did pass the House unani-
mously, and was then stymied
in Senator StenniS' subcom-
mittee, on a plea that addi-
tional study should be made
of the entire military retire
meht system.
Both presidential candi-
dates have taken positions in
favor Of legislation to equalize
military retired pay.
c. M. Olsen.
Colonel. Retired.
\ + 4 +
Like many non-military
people, Joyce Saarela shows
a gross ignorance of all the
facts on this subject. The
so-called fringe benefits
she speaks of are supposed
to make up the difference
between what a man would
be earning in a comparable
position in civilian life. 1t
does not.
Joyce Saarela says, "The
military man who retired be-
fore 1858 agreed to the
amount which he was to re-
ceive." This is not true.
The military man who re-
tired before 1858 accepted
on faith the belief that Con-
greSs would adhere to the
time honored practice of in
creasing the retirement pay
on comparable basis with
those still on active duty.
He did not bargain for, or
make any agreement about
1t. Congress broke this faith
when it passed the 6 per
cent increase in cost of living
pay bill instead, and in so
doing it has done much to
break the morale and the
desire of those in the Serv-
ice to make it a lifetime
career. R. XII,
y =
I never realized what q
plush, overpaid job I had in
the United States Army un-
til I read Joyce A. Saarela' s
letter in your columns.
OF course I am a little
confused, too, but I am sure
Joyce Saarela with her vast
knowledge of the military
can clear it up by answering
this simple question. Why
is the draft necessary for
such plush jobs?
F. MOntbriand,
Retired Major IT G A
Evening star., 1960-09-23

@. Are there different types
Of Pacific salmon, or are such
names as pink" and sock
eye" simply trade nameS?-
c. P.
A. There are five different
species of Pacific salmon, uSu-
ally called king, sockeye, sill
yer, pink, and chum. In weight,
kings average % pounds, sill
vers and chums 9 pounds,
sockeyes 6 pounds, and pinks
4 pounds. The color of SAL
Evening star., 1960-09-23
Questions and Answers
BY THE HASKIN SERVICE
reader get by mail question
C Please self addressed

Q. Were sundials used in
Bible times?-J. r.
A. Although the origin Of
the sundial is obscure, it is
known to have been used in
very early times in ancient
Babylonia. and one of the
earliest recorded is the Dial
of Ahaz, mentioned in the
Bible in II Kings XX:8-11.
The Greeks used sundials in
the 4th Century B. c. and
one was set up in Rome in
293 B. c.
The Mississippi enterprise. (Jackson, Miss.) 1938-current, 1960-09-10

Miss Elmira Williams for
mer Junior Choir member, al
son Secretary of the Sunday
School, left for Alcorn Col
lege, Sept. 4. Another mem
Der, Miss Margarie Dotson left
for Arkansas State College.
Sept, z for her 3rd term. Our
LIST Asst. Supt.; Mr.. George S.
Lewis returned for school after
vacationing in Chicago, Ill, De
troit, Michigan and Seattle,
Washington since early June.
Sick and Shut-Ins: Mr.. Da-
vide VIM, Mr.. Emanuel BUS
teri Mason, Mrs. Sarah Leola
Young, Mrs. Rosetta Cant and
others. Prayers are asked for
thees and others thruout the
city.
Sick and Shut-IIns: Mr.. Da-
vid Win, Mr.. Emanuel BUS
teri Mason, Mrs. Sarah Leola
Young, Mrs. Rosetta Cant and
others. Prayers are asked for
these and others turnout the
city.
The Mississippi enterprise. (Jackson, Miss.) 1938-current, 1960-09-10

friends at $50 Miller's Alley.
ordinating Committee of At
lanta, Ca, in a telegram to
Vice President Nixon Friday
took issue with his statement
on sit-in demonstrations at a
Greensboro, N. c. press con-
ference.
Nixon is reported to have
said that sit-in demonstrations
should be orderly and mot in
violation of local laws" He
said that the courts should
determine whether these laws
are valid.
The students in their tele-
gram to Nixon stated: "An in
dorSement of both the student
action and the local law is
meaningless except as a tactic
to win votes on both Sides"
The telegram stated that
Nixon's speech seems to be
aimed at pleasing the power
structure of the South and con-
sequently contradicts your in
dorsement of the demonstra-
TONS"
The students insisted that al
though their demonstrations
were conducted on a strictly
non-violent and peaceful ba-
sis, the demonstrations often
run counter to many local
laws.
The Mississippi enterprise. (Jackson, Miss.) 1938-current, 1960-09-10

MT. PILGRIM M. B. Church
News-Rev. T. H. Turner,
Pastor. Sis. Clara Washington,
Sec, Sis. Thelma Morris, Asst.
Sec.
$50 Sunday School, Bro.
Willie Ellie, Supt., Sis. Thel.
ma Morris, Sec, Bro. Frank
Pittaman, Asst. Supt., Sis.
Joyce Ellie, Asst. Sec. IL:
Noon, Usher Board meets. The
President asks all UShers to
be present. 500 P. NJ, Baptist
Training Union, Sis. Mary Ell
zie, Pres, Sis. Dolores Kelly,
Vice, Sis. Dolly Countryman
and Sis. Betty Kelly, Direc-
tors. 7:30 p. NJ, the Shawl
Southernaires of Jackson will
render a program at the Mt.
Pilgrim M. B. Church, spon-
sored by Sis. Dorothy Nc
Glory, Adm. Adult 35c; Chill
dren Csc. ZOO Monday eve
ming, Senior Choir rehearsal;
Sis. Mary Toles, Pres, Bro.
Harvey Lawrence, pianist. ZOO
Tuesday evening, Prayer meet
ing with the officers in charge.
The officers are asking the
young and old church to be
present. $50 Friday evening,
Junior Choir rehearsal, Sis.
Mary Ellie, Pres, Sis. Evelyn
Thomas, Pianist, Sis. Dolly
Countryman, Director. All
members urged to attend.
The Mississippi enterprise. (Jackson, Miss.) 1938-current, 1960-09-10
BROWN.DAyIS vows SAID

Beautiful in its simplicity
was the ceremony that united
in marriage, Mr.. Charles
Brown and Miss Lorraine Da-
Wis, Saturday, September 3,
1860. The young groom, a
graduate of Bowman High
School is the son of Mr.. Henry
Brown. The charming bride
is the daughter of Mrs. Lor-
raine Davis and is a former
student of Temple High School.
The couple is at home to their
The Mississippi enterprise. (Jackson, Miss.) 1938-current, 1960-09-10

BRIGHT MORNING STAR
M. B. CHURCH NEWS, Rev.
S. S. lines, pastor.
Sunday: $3.50 A. M, Sunday
School, Mrs. Velma Davis,
Supt., Mr.. George S. Lewis,
Asst. Supt., Master Lloyd Da-
Wis, Jr., End Asst. Supt., Miss
Dorothy Pearl Williams, Sec.
Wednesday: 6: P. M, Mis-
sionary Society. z: P. M, Week
ly Prayer Meeting.
The Mississippi enterprise. (Jackson, Miss.) 1938-current, 1960-09-10

The City-Wide Mothers
meets with Oak Grove Church
Mothers, Sunday at 8: P. M,
in Dabnys' Bottom. Every
body is cordially invited to at
tend this meeting. You will
be spiritually benefited. Yours
for service Mrs. Ella w.
Hall and Mrs. Clara r. Cal
vim, Presidents, Mrs. K. G.
Anthony and Mrs. M. M. John
son, secretaries.
The Mississippi enterprise. (Jackson, Miss.) 1938-current, 1960-09-10

THE USHER BOARD of st.
Luke M. B. Church meet each
End Tuesday. Prayer Meeting
each Thursday night, officers
leading. Covenant Meeting ev-
cry 4th Sunday. Acting Pas
tor, Rev. Chesterfield of
Greenville, Miss.
The Mississippi enterprise. (Jackson, Miss.) 1938-current, 1960-09-10
THE FOLLOWING Church.

THE FOLLOWING Church
es will observe Holy Commu-
Mon, Sunday, Sept. IL:
KING DAVID No. /, Rev. I.
c. Carr, Pastor
MT. CALVARY M. B. Church,
Rev. E. S. Hicks, Pastor.
SPRING HILL, Rev. M. M.
Morris, Pastor.
TRAVELLERS REST M. B., Rev.
j. H. Williams, Pastor.
PLEASANT HILL, Rev. T.
Ray, Pastor.
BURNSTAND, Rev. T. Ray,
Pastor.
ST. LUKE M. B., Lane st. S.
S. $50 A. M, Rev. j. w.
Willis, Supt.
The Mississippi enterprise. (Jackson, Miss.) 1938-current, 1960-09-10
LOCAL AND
SOCIAL NOTES:

CARD OF THANKS b.
The family of the late Mr..
Jessie Williams take this
means to thank their many
friends and neighbors for the
many acts of kindness shown
them during the illness and
death of their loved one. Spe-
cial thanks to the Doctors and
nurses of the Mercy Hospital
and for the services of cars
and for the lovely floral de-
signs and to the Dillon Fu-
neral Home for their efficient
service. Signed: Mrs. Eliza Will
liams, Wife. Mrs. jamie Huling,
Daughter.
The Mississippi enterprise. (Jackson, Miss.) 1938-current, 1960-09-10

THE MEN of the Jackson
Street Baptist Church are
busy making plans for their
Annual Mems Day Program.
Mr.. Percy Strothers is the
chairman; Mr.. Eddie Jones is
co-chairman. Watch this pa
per for more details.
The Mississippi enterprise. (Jackson, Miss.) 1938-current, 1960-09-10

MRS. NANCY TUCKER and
her granddaughter of 29491z
Valley Street is now home
after spending a most pleasant
vacation in Chicago, ILL.,, visit
ing in the homes of relatives
and friends.
The Mississippi enterprise. (Jackson, Miss.) 1938-current, 1960-09-10

MI. ZION NO. 1, M. B.
Church News - Rev. James
A. Miller, Pastor.
$3.50 A. NJ, Sunday School.
Mr.. Henry Brown, Supt. 800
P. NJ, Mother Board Meeting.
400 P. NJ, Busy Bee Bible
Glass. 500 P. NJ, Tuesday,
Junior Choir rehearsal, Eu-
gene Huston, Pres, Z: P. NJ,
Tuesday, Progressive Club
Meeting, Mrs. Marie Turner,
Pres. ZOO Wednesday, Prayer
Meeting. ZOO P. NJ, Thursday
Senior Usher Board, Mrs. JOS
ephine Martin, Pres. TOO Fri
day, evening, Senior Choir re-
hearsal, Mrs. Clara Mae Smith,
president. Mrs. Annie Crosby,
reporter.
The Mississippi enterprise. (Jackson, Miss.) 1938-current, 1960-09-10

MRS. ETHEL SHARKEY is
happy to have as her guests,
her sister, Mrs. Olevia Neal
from Cleveland, Ohio; her sis
ter, Mrs. Mary White and hus-
band from Eldorado, Arkansas;
The Mississippi enterprise. (Jackson, Miss.) 1938-current, 1960-09-10

THE TRAVELLERS REST
CHURCH is having a Deacon
Singing Contest on the 4th
Sunday in September. Deacon
Hardy Jones is asked to sing
the solo. A number of dea-
cons will appear on the pro-
gram. The one raising the
highest amount will receive a
prize. Time, 3: P. M.
The Mississippi enterprise. (Jackson, Miss.) 1938-current, 1960-09-10

Sept. 10, there will be a Fish
Fry at the home of Sis. Mary
Toles on Popular St, for the
benefit of Sis. Dorothy Nc
Glory, beginning at 1: P. M.
Mrs. Susie Simmons is on
the sick list, also Mother Min
ME Hunter. Let us pray for
these and all sick of the
church and community.
The Mississippi enterprise. (Jackson, Miss.) 1938-current, 1960-09-10

her nephew and his family
from Milwaukee, Wis. Many
social courtesies are being
shown the visitors.
The Mississippi enterprise. (Jackson, Miss.) 1938-current, 1960-09-10

THE JOLLY FELLOWS so
CIAL CLUB will sponsor a
party, Wednesday night at the
Melody Lounge, 2618 Halls
Ferry Road. The public is in
vited. There will be no ad-
mission. Refreshments will be
free.
The Mississippi enterprise. (Jackson, Miss.) 1938-current, 1960-09-10

MIR. ALBERT PRINTESS of
632 Millers Alley is now pa
tent in the Veterans Hospital,
Jackson, Miss. He suffered a
stroke and at this writing is
somewhat improved.
The Mississippi enterprise. (Jackson, Miss.) 1938-current, 1960-09-10
Students Tuke
Issue With
Nixon
The Student Non-Violent {

The Student Non-Violent Co