davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-09-05
Local WHetops

AS a general proposition, we think
that the potential dangers and abuses
in overlapping by local police outweigh
the possible benefits in local law en-
forcement. And this applies to the recent
discussions in Arlington, Fairfax and
elsewhere.
There are exceptions, of course If
a person is being haraSsed by obscene
calls and if that person requests the
police to monitor mis- phone in an effort
to trace the caller, that would be a
proper use of wiretap. The same thing
would apply in the case of someone who
is being blackmailed, and who requests
monitoring in an effort to catch the
blackmailer.
The exceptions, however, should be
just exceptions. The evil in wire
tapping is that while 1t may begin with
the best of intentions, the tendency is
to tap more and more lines on the basis
Of the easy Justification that it might
assist in law enforcement In the end,
no citizen could be sure of privacy in.
his telephone conversations.
We would like to see Federal law
changed so that telephones could be
tapped and evidence so obtained used
in court in severely limited class of
cases, and subject to the safeguard that
judicial authorization must first be
obtained. Other overlapping, except at
the request in some situations of the
person whose phone is to be monitored,
should be made a criminal offense.
Evening star., 1960-09-05
Racial Barriers

On August 26 a Negro
friend and 1 were transacting
business in Silver Spring.
Maryland, and at noon we
went to a quick-lunch counter
to get a lunch. My Negro
friend was refused service and
the waiter informed me that,
although he would like to
serve my friend, the law of
Montgomery County did not
allow him to do so. So. after
a protest, we went across the
street to a drug store in the
District of Columbia and ate
lunch without incident.
This event irritated me Sc
riously since I am just ready
to leave for work overseas for
a great American organiza-
ton which prides itself on
helping build friendship for
the United States. But how
can I, with clear conscience,
claim that the United States
really stands for democracy
and freedom? How can l
answer those who charge that
Americans are hypocrites,
that we preach freedom to
the world and then deny that
very freedom to many of our
own citizens?
willard johnson.
Evening star., 1960-09-05
The Goal in Boqoto

The inter-American economic con-
ference opening today in Bogota, Colom-
bia, has as its objective the launching
of great new cooperative enterprise
designed to carry out what President
Eisenhower has called "vaSt conStruc-
tive programs of peaceful development"
throughout the hemisphere.
To that end, acting as an arm Of
the 21-nation Organization of American
States, the conference will strive during
the next two weeks or so to formulate
special measures of cooperation aimed
at expediting agricultural and industrial
progress on massive scale. These meas
ures, as envisioned by leaders like Presi-
dent KubitSchek of Brazil, would be part
of a Socio- economic master plan under
which the hard-pressed peoples Of Latin
America could look forward to speedy
and marked improvements in their
standards of living-improvements af-
fecting their income, housing, educa-
ton; health services, etc.
The United States delegation to Bo
gotta is headed by Undersecretary of
State C. Douglas Dillon, and it has sig
nificant congressional backing in the
form of bill (enacted last week at ad
journment time) authorizing an initial
outlay of $500 million in support of the
prospective new hemisphere develop
ment plan. AS far as hard cash is con-
cerned, of course, the actual appropri-
alton, If it is to be made available, must
await the decision of the new Congress
after it conveneS next year. Meanwhile,
however, as Senator Mansfield has OBJ
served, the legislation already approved
serves as good earnest of our country's
intent and resolve to give the strongest
possible support to the drive for Latin
American advances in every field of
endeavor.
If it is to succeed, however, this
drive must be genuinely cooperative.
Mere dollar help from our country can
not do the job that must be done if the
hemisphere is to cope effectively with
the threat of Communist inf1ltration
and subverSion, as aided and abetted
now by Fidel Castro'S utterly sinister
Cuban dictatorship. All the Americas
taking part in the project will have to
contribute their fair share to it-a share
made up not simply of their own
currency UuG dISo VI SouIlu uoLneSGlC
economic and political management
against ineff1ciency, waste, social abuses
and other evils that breed mass dis
content and dangerous imitation.
Certainly, given agreement on mat
tiers of this sort, the Bogota conference
can play role of immense Importance
in promoting the prosperity and pre-
serving the freedom of our. threatened
inter American community.
Evening star., 1960-09-05

According to William S.
White. Republican optimism
regarding presidential chanc-
es in the South arises largely
from a "rediscovery" of a
basic fact Of political life:
That wholly apart from any
question of civil rights" the
South tends to be markedly
conservative" That if civil
rights had never been heard
of. the whole tone of the
Democratic Convention plat
form-the most liberal" ever
written by a major American
party-would still be pretty
bitter medicine in the South.
Exactly. The ultra Liberal
Democratic platform is
alarming to more conserva-
tive thinkers everywhere.
Huge, dehumanized central
government-which reaches
out to take more and more
responsibility from, and con-
troll of, the individual-seri-
ously weakens not only the
economic but the moral fibre
of a people, and inevitably
debilitates the vigor of indi-
vidual thought and action so
desperately imperative in our
battle against atheistic COM
muniSm.
Certainly having Northern
professional liberals talk
down their noses and learn
edly lecture "Southerners"
on their shortcomings in this
area has been no help in
solving this deeply complex
and troubling social problem.
Lila d. Sonnemann.
Evening star., 1960-09-05
THE PASSING SCENE
Auction-Bidding for Negro Vote
By WILLIAM S. WHITE

within the colored peoples
alone.
This is the one true dogma
even where tcolored peoples
are being thrust into an "in-
dependence" for which they
are tragically unprepared.
And the great majority Of the
white professional liberals
who have forced these poll
cies have never even been to
sub-Sahara Africa and lack
the faintest notion Of the re-
alities there.
They have a terrible SIM
plicity Of view: If you do be-
lieve in democracy's inde-
pendence, but believe that
among the unready and un-
informed it can only come
gradually, you are. Of course,
a 'reactionN'y.
The Soviet dictator, Nikita
Khrushchev. prepares, with
out a by-your-leave, a propa-
ganda visit to this country
via an appearance in the
United Nations to a country
whose President he has re-
peatedly insulted and threat
ened.
This unexampled act Of in
solent intimidation conceiv-
ably could have been contem-
plated by Khrushchev in any
case. But his plan has surely
not been harmed by the fact
that American knee-jerk "li-
berals" almost outdid his own
Soviet propagandists in at
tacking the United States in
the "spy plane" episode, and
so in cutting down American
credit abroad.
Cuban Problems, Too
Then there is Fidel Castro's
Cuba. The evidence for
months has been overpower-
ing that this tinpot totali-
tartan is raising a pro-Soviet t
bridgehead off the Florida
coast. Here again, mayhs
Castro conceivably could have
done it anyhow. But thu
sanity untouchability in i
stantly conferred upon hin?
at the start by the profes-
sional liberals" surely ep' .
boldened him.
In all this frightening seem.
then, will Democratic Presi
Dental Candidate Kenned''
and Republican Presidential
Candidate Nixon now set
their. sights upon the big and
true issue, survival?
American Negroes, are no
less American than American
whites. Why suppose they
won't know demagoguery
when they see it. especially if
politicians will have CUTS
enough to point it out?
Evening star., 1960-09-05
BottHng Up Cuba

IL ought TO be remembered
that, six months prior to
Pearl Harbor, the United
States embargoed scrap
iron and oil to Japan. That
left Japan two courses. She
could fold up and become a
nonentity, or she could gam
BILE on taking the raw mate
rials required for her COM
mitments in China at that
time. Since the British,
Dutch and Americans con-
trolled all the available raw
material, taking it meant war.
Hence Pearl Harbor.
We have left Cuba two
courses, one of which is far
worse than we left for Japan
"a matter of survival itself.
Japan could have withdrawn
her military from China and
made out some way, but Gu
bans cannot go back to the
non-survival poverty, crime,
disease and slavery they had
under plutocratic domina-
tion. 1t would be contrary
to the will and aspirations
of all the peoples of the
planet-for the planet and
humanity were not created
solely for the benefit of plu-
tocrats.
And that is why Cubans
call the United States enemies
of humanity. And the terms
fit insofar as they apply to
United States plutocrats
rather than the ordinary
people of the United States
who wish the Cubans we'll
and are not by any means
in accord with any goal
which has as its object the
starvation of Cubans.
Hal Annas.
Suffolk, Va.
Evening star., 1960-09-05

water supply. Adequate but
not excessive watering, plus
adequate soil drainage, is
necessary for house plants.
@. Why is it that a persons
own voice sounds different to
him when it is recorded
j. T.
A. Ones voice sounds diff
ferent because in ordinary
speech it reaches ones ears
not only through the air but
also through sound conduc-
ton by the bones of the head.
Q. What are scale insects?
N. G.
A. These are various small
insects which secrete scales
to form their body covering.
They fasten themselves to
plants and suck the juices.
1t is usually the female which
feeds on the sap. Many scale
insects are particularly de-
structive to fruit plants.
Evening star., 1960-09-05
Sharing Our Wealth

A letter asks why Uncle
Sap should subsidize the dep
relations of the Congolese,
"as. apparently, he is ex-
pected to do"
q Our representatives in Con-
gress. by voting funds for
such foreign debacles, believe
they are inHplementing a pop
ular viewpoint that the Amer
lean people favor such hand
outs to "save the world"
Those Americans who be-
lieve we are not responsible
for the worlds troubles and
that most. international trou-
bleS are caused by socialist
governments which abhor our
system Except that it under
writes and helps them cover
their miStakes) have only
their votes with which to
express their objections to
such give-awayS.
To those Americans who
believe that all human pros
perity and growth lies wholly
in the free individuals un-
hampered creativity and that
the Constitution of the Unit
ed States has protected those
individual rights which have
promoted our high standard
of living, the only possible
course is to elect candidates
who will support the Consti-
tuition and our traditional
concept of limited govern
ment.
The congressional voting
records are available. This
record exposes those legisla-
tors who voted for much of
the government largeSse. If
Americans object to their
Governments give aways,
they can help restore their
freedom (and prevent such
give-aways) by supporting
candidates who are dedicated
to the constitutional system.
G. M. BerryhiII.
Evening star., 1960-09-05

@. What makes nails in
siding work loose?-H. M.
A. The moisture content
Of the wood at the time of
mailing greatly affects the
holding power of nails driven
into it. Nails driven into wet
wood. for instance, may lose
as much as three-fourths of
their full holding power
when the wood becomes dry.
The holding power of nails is
also greatly reduced if the
wood splits even slightly
when they are driven in.
Q. Why does too much
water harm house plants?
"A. E.
A. Because the cells of a
normal root must have oxy-
gen for healthy development.
Oxygen is lacking in wet,
soggy soil, hence the roots
decay rather than grow. Too
dry soil also Injuries the roots
and cuts off their food and
Evening star., 1960-09-05
On This Labor Doy-

On this Labor Day, the Nation Is
witnessing a dramatic and costly eX-
ample of the extent to which powerful
and irresponsible unionism can defy any
will contrary to its own-without regard
for rights of management or ownership,
for the public interest or the national
welfare. The example is that of the
Pennsylvania Railroad, largest of the
country's rail carriers, being strike
bound by two unions representing a
minority of its employees.
Principal spokesman of the strikers
is Mike Quill, president of the Transport
Workers Union, who already has boaSted
that ''it has taken ia years to close
down this system and it may take ia
days to start it up" To appeals for con-
tinued negotiation, including one from
six governors and eleven mayors point
ing out that "the public interest trans
cendS that of either party" Mr. Quill
has said, 1--WE are sitting pat . il. we will
not compromise further"
For the record, Mr.. Quilts union
initiated the present paralysis making
controversy on June 26, 1857, when it
demanded long list of changes in work
ruleS-changes which would add new
restrictions to the freedom of manage
ment to manage. System Federation 152,
representing an even smaller number of
incorporating employees, has made COM
parable demands which would likewise
infringe upon management's authority
Wages are not at issue in either case.
In the more than three years since, the
oil fIno
time consuming and cooling off, steps
of the Railway Labor Act. Recommends
tionS by neutral referee designated by
the National Mediation Board (under
the act) were pronounced acceptable by
the company and rejected by the unions.
Supporting recommendations by pres
idential fact-f1nding board met the
same fate. The company agreed to ac-
cept binding arbitration, the unions re-
fused. Meanwhile, there were Slowdowns
and wildcat strikes by the union men,
bers. Last May Federal District Judge
enjoined TWU officials to prevent such
haraSSment of the company.
For many years, the Railway Labor
Act of 1925 was considered a model
means of averting strikes in major in
duStrieS. Not until the 1940S did 1t en-
counter any significant failure, and ever
since then it's record of effectiveness has
been reasonably good. 1t is inevitable,
however, that on occasions of failure
such as the present one there should
be renewed consideration of compulsory
arbitration in cases where the public
interest is clearly concerned. Labor ira
ditionally is opposed to this principle,
and management, for the most part, has
been frankly wary of giving government
this ultimate authority. In this instance,
board chairman Symes of the Pennsy
has suggested that giving binding effect
to the findings of impartial tribunals
may be the only way to avert public
catastrophes." If the idea appalls labor,
it can look to its Mike Quills for the
exclamation.
Evening star., 1960-09-05
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Body Requires More Food in, Heat
By THOMAS R. HENRY

they wanted at meal times
and had cool water available
at all times.
Food intakes" DR.. Con-
solazio said, were increased
significantly. or by as much
as the value of 400 calories
a day, both in the hot sun
and hot shade phases in COM
parison to the cool shade
period. Although the sub
JectS gained weight slightly,
measurements of fluid and
nitrogen balance and body
composition showed that the
weight gains were due to an
increase in the amount of
water in the body, which
even exceeded the amount
of weight gain.
Thus the men actually lost
body tissue during the hot
periods, presumably metab-
olizing it to supplement the
already increased food con-
sumption in satisfying the
, energy requirements of the
body. These combined food
intakes-food eaten and body
tissue burned-representeda an
increase of 1920 calories per
man per day for the hot over
the cool periods.
Other Changes Noted
Significant increases also
were noted, the Army nutri-
tionists reported, in metabolic
rates, sweat rates and body
temperatures during the hot
as compared with the cool
periods.
Thus the data suggests, DR..
ConSolazio and his associates
believe, that there is an in
creased requirement for food
for men working and living
in extreme heat, probably
due to the increased heat
load imposed on the body by
solar radiation and extreme
heat. In all likelihood the in
creased requirements result
from a combination of in
creased action of the blood in
heat transport, increased ac-
ton of the sweat glands, in
creased caloric loss due to
sweat evaporation, plus the
increased metabolic rate due
to the elevation in body tenn
perature."
The Army nutritionists
urge that other agencies re-
evaluate their standards.
Evening star., 1960-09-05
Co-ordinoted Crime Front

The co-ordinated system of inter-
jlriSdictional police activities in the
Washington Metropolitan Area is max
ing things tough for law-breakerS who
seek refuge across boundary lines.
Things will be even tougher if plans of
the cooperating law enforcement agen-
cies for metropolitan communications
network are carried out.
There was time not long ago when
poor teamwork among the Washington
area police agencies gave an advantage
to the rowing criminal. There was little
regular exchange of information among
the departments and the situation was
further complicated by friction and
jealouSieS. In recent years, however,
the police of the District, Maryland and
Virginia have come to realize the mutual
benefits to be derived by joining hands
in a combined war on crime.
The coordination has developed to
high degree under the auspices of the
Washington Metropolitan Regional Con-
ference, composed of representatives of
all the Jurisdictions in this area Latest
product of this teamwork is the proposal,
now under study, for tying all the police
agencies together with a single teletype
system. With such system there would
be immediate contact with one another
in an emergency-Such as the search
for fleeing robbers, rapists or other
criminals. Police radio and telephone
channels sometimes have developed
traffic or other bottlenecks to prompt
communication.
Since a teletype system serving
police of the entire Metropolitan Area
would have great value in a national
emergency, the plan should appeal to
civil defense officials. 1t is even possible,
as Samuel HumeS, executive secretary
of the council, has pointed out, that
Federal funds for the establishment of
the network might be made available,
to pay at least part of the cost. The
network plan merits the support of all
Jurisdictions Notwithstanding the
Federal Government.
Evening star., 1960-09-05
Pet EMERGENCIES

Most people have pets
usually a dog or a cat. To
some, these animals mean as
much as a friend or even a
child.
The death of a pet causes
great grief to his master.
However, if a pet becomes i'll
late at night, there seems to
be little emergency veterinary
service available. Are vets
unwilling to put themselves
out a little to save the life of
a mere animal? I am certain
that there are vets whose
work means a lot to them.
Yet I know that there are
people who have lost their
pet because a vet was not
available.
Patricia II. Ellis
Evening star., 1960-09-05
U-2 Milestone

The U-2 incident should
be a symbol-not of apology
or regret-but of our national
will to win, and our scientific
achievement.
The enormity of Senator
Kennedy's suggestion of an
apology to Russia is made
crystal clear in the speech
delivered by Charles S. Rhyme,
former president of the
American Bar Association, to
the Law Student Association
here.
Such a quest for informa-
tion is absolutely necessary,
Mr.. Rhyme pointed out, be-
cause of the Soviet's closed"
society, and it's announced
plans for world domination.
Anything short of obtaining
all information possible
would be criminal folly, a
negation of our inherent right
to survive.
Further, Mr.. Rhyme pointed
out that RusSia's failure to
protest the U-2 flights SOON
er, since she had long known
OF them, waived any claim of
sovereignty violation.
Rather than something to
apologize for, the U-2 pro-
gram is something to be
proud of. 1t has squarely
raised the question of inter-
national rights in air-space,
just as we have the same
question on the high seas.
This question of interna-
tional VS.. national rights in
air space has to be settled.
Doubtless in generations to
come-if civilization survives,
and I believe it will - the
U-2 will be evaluated one of
the great milestones in his
tory-not a loss, but a gain,
the starting point of a new
day in world order under law.
j. ID.
Evening star., 1960-09-05
ConstitutionuHst

At the Democratic Con-
vention the Constitution Of
the United States was all
but ignored. 1t was obviously
far from the minds and
hearts of those who domi-
mated the proceedings. A few
southern leaders attempted
: to interest the delegates
in Constitutional principles
with no success. The candi-
date referred to the Consti-
tuition once in his accept
ance speech. The platform
ignored it. This disregard for
our basic charter should be
both saddening and fright
ening to all Americans.
They would have been well
advised to base all their ac-
tions upon the solid rock of
that great instrument. In
truth, the original Constitu-
ton and the Bill of Rights,
comprising the first ten
Amendments, could wen be a
winning platform for any
party.
Most Americans believe
that the extremely wise and
far-Seeing men who wrote
our Constitution, created the
-noblest and best charter for
the government of man ever
produced by the mind of
man. Many of our current
leaders seem to think the
Constitution is outmoded
and outdated. They prefer to
ignore it. Most thoughtful
citizens disagree. They think
our Constitution is as valid
today; as practical today;
and as workable today as it
was when it was adopted.
The only weak links are to
be found in Amendments,
adopted in recent years, do
ing violence to original prin-
ciples. Our basic Constitution
and Bill of Rights are not
outmoded or outdated. Eter-
nal principles never change.
Eternal truths never change.
Eternal laws are immutable.
The Ten Commandments
are still valid. The Sermon
on the Mount is still valid.
For many of the same rea-
sons. the Constitution of the
United States is still valid.
Wisely followed it will surely
yield a more perfect union.
establish justice, insure do
mestic tranquility, provide
for the common defense, pro-
mote the general welfare,
and secure the blessings of
liberty to ourselves and our
posterity. Foolishly ignored,
the Constitution will surely
be impotent to prevent op-
posite results.
Let us all pray to God that
our current leaders and
those who aspire to follow
them will not be so brash,
so shallow or so foolish as to
think they can, with i'm
punity to themselves and to
us, continue to violate or
ignore the great principles
of government embodied in
the Constitution. 1t is i'm
perative that we elect only
those who will freely and
sincerely pledge their un-
qualified belief in and sup
port to the Constitution so
that they may secure the
blessings of liberty to us and
our posterity.
Virginia Democrat.