davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-02-19

The truckers and their allies particularly the Highway
Commission can't to get through their heads that the
people of Montana do not look kindly higher
gasoline long the big trucks permitted escape
paying their equitable share of the building
tanning highways.
They've tried method after another, after
another and, except for tmeimited the 1866
Legislative Assembly, they haven't we'll in selling
their bill of goods
But the record shows they patient they
imaginative In announcing their latest sorethe
marking of the proposed additional secondary
they wouldst hookwink all you good people; woudst
tract from ofrepeated determination that until such
time the big Notwithstanding trucks paying their share
there shall be increase in the state gasoline tax
These connivng rascas speaking through the Highway
Commission laying the groundwork yet another
tempt to do SNOW job YOU
They've been crying for about how they have
money. YET where they February
the weight distance truck taxing Gov.
sons desk for approval veto? they that
he vetoed the BILL the House would also kill their
cent increase? Did of them speak, either the
Governor publicly the need for that fair and equitable
truck taxing proposal to become law the Highway Depart
have the additional millions dollars they claimed
needed for Montana match all available federal money!
The motoring public of Montana after due deliberations
will through this latest gasoline
marked for secondary roads, the secondary system will be little
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-02-19
From VERNEVA and RALPH
SALISBURY Ffloweree, Mont.
(Tenth In A Series)

CALCUTTA-India is traditionally
an agricultural country and even to-
day 800 of the population is rural
Formerly the village people were the
strength of India and perpetuated it's
culture. In the days when the western
world was still in the prehistoric
stage. India had an expressive written
language Sanskript-and highly de-
aveloped art, sculpture, architecture
and handicrafts. Under the maharajas
the villages had developed system
of local government headed by sort
of town council called the gram pan
,chayet which was elected by the peo-
pie.
A series of invasions and conquests
by tribes from the north and west
weakened the traditional Indian -sys-
tenn. The rule of the British COM
pleted the destruction.
Gandhi believed the hope for India
was in reawakening the villages to
a consciousness of their work and
He devoted his life to
trying to restore his people to their
former height of culture while incor-
porating the best from the western
world that was of value to India.
Population pressure had become in
tense, Poverty, unemployment and
nder-employment kept the majority
in hopeless misery. Gandhi urged the
people to rejuvinate their traditional
crafts to give each individual the dig
nifty of labor and to supplement their
agricultural income.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-02-19

part crude and unattractive. When
true craftsman or woman was dis
covered he was given moral and fl
nancial encouragement and persuaded
to teach his skill to class of young
artists who were then asked to go
into other villages to spread the
skilled technique.
Before independence Gandhi and
his disciples set up in several states
central craft training centers and
laboratories where improved methods
were developed for village crafts and
industries making the greatest poss-
ible use of local products. Now the
Indian government encourages these
centers and offers financial aid where
needed and sets up similar centers
where they are needed. At these CEN
ters the block level workers are
trained in improved village handi-
crafts and village industries and are
sent back to their blocks to train
village level workers. Sometimes at
the same center and sometimes at
separate training centers the block.
level agricultural workers are trained
i'm improved farming methods. These
i'm turn return to the blocks TO train
agricultural workers for the villages.
DEMONSTRATION PLOTS SET UP
Besides training village workers
the block agriculturalists also help to
set up and advise demonstration plots.
IL xxrko
will be. evident in the hope that many
cultivators will accept the improved :
methods. Sometimes a larger farmer
with the advice of the extention
worker will try out the improved
seeds, fertilizer, method of cultiva-
ton or irrigation and invite local
farmers to study the results. The gov
eminent may provide free of charge
to small farmer some improved seed
or fertilizer or implement with the
understanding that his farm will be a
demonstration plot. Some states have
set up landless laborers on a piece
of waste land where a new irrigation
project is going on. The improved
seed, implements and fertilizer are
supplied by the government and the
,echniques are supervised by the block
development officers. The plot is a
demonstration farm to encourage
others to use the improved practices
after seeing the good results. The
formerly landless laborer is thus re-
1abilitated. He pays for the land and
equipment on low interest, .long-pay
basis, and takes his place among the
proud rank of owner cultivators.
We in the u. S. have long said
that the family farmer is the bull
wark of American democracy. The
Indian government is trying by
many means to give Indian farmers
the opportunity to become the bull
wark of this Aew Indian democracy.
Caribou is an Indian name for
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-02-19
EMPHASIS ON LOCAL
SELF GOVERNMENT

/ Since independence the new Indian
government has made an all out eff
fort to carry on this Gandhian pro-
gram Of village development In most
villages the panchayet is the unit of
local government elected by the peo-
ple-everyone over FL years of age
regardless of sex. caste. religion or
financial status, The gram panchmyet
members from ten or twelve villages
elect an anchal psnchayet which
might be compared TO our. county
commissioners. Ten or twelve anchal
panchayete constitute. q block. A
group of blocks form subdivision. A
district is made up of d number of
subdiyions. Each state has several
districts. The national government is
over all. but reserves certain powers
10 the states as in the us. =
Most states report to- us that the
block development plan has been put
into effect to cover half of their vii
lagos and they are working hard to
get it set up in the rest. The extension
service works through the block de-
velopment officer who has under him
a doctor, an agriculturalist, health
officer, an irrigation officer, CO.
operative Inspector, a village indus
tries COORDINATION, a lady social work
er, and perhaps others. Each of these
block level workers is responsible for
developing work along his line at the
village level.
Sufficiently well developed blocks
have set up training centers where
village workers are trained in many
lines-viliage handicrafts and indus
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-02-19
Paid By Mr.. Farmer

Retail food prices in 1859 averaged
15 per cent less than year. before.
Why? Farmers paid the bill in lower
farm prices Consumers, middlemen
got another big break. But where's
"fair share" for farmers? Farm net
income went down So billion.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-02-19
Editorial
Settlement of 183-Day Strike /.
A Victory For All Monfuno

Settlement of Montana's longest strike was victory not
$500 courageous miners and smeleren and their
families but broader for all the people of Montana
first time many years. Anaconda Company dom
nation met and went down before substantial challenge
The STRIKE in its latter stages joint operation The
strikers and their families held tough the front lines in spite
of determination starve them into uchbelow
thendustry pattern dictated settlement The siding
of the Welfare Unemployment Commission
the coupled with increasingly reports of
want and starvation awakened the social conscience of
Montana people
Hungry kids shall not starve in Montana" became the
battle during the To-day period before the $3.50
of settlement having been reached last Thurs
day Individual Montanans by the hundreds needed the appeal
of Butte Mayor Verne Griffith for help when public welfare
donations dollar 1000 began rolling into the Mining
City from all parts of the state The list of organizations who
helped Bues people their time of desperate need
the several Includes labor unions Farmers Union
churches civic atera veterans sporsmen and various
other clubs least college sorority and at least larger
chamber of commerce)
All Montana there mushroomed revuson toward
the brutal 18th century, of abormanage
relations Anacondas public relations fell the lowest
ebb Oldmers began recalling the days when striking
miners murdered in Butte
important still, public realization grew hat
strikers like the American patriots Revolutionary War
Days and the CIs of World War Ill., fighting mot for
bread Alone but striking for principles deter
mined withstand conceivable hardship that the
be made understand his
dignity individual; that collective bargaining
rules out ultinatnms from whatever source
The mounting storm of adverse public opinion resulting
from Anaconda having overpayed it's hand did not
observed circles Thoughts the future and
possibility of hostile legislatures undoubtedly had part in
the companys backing from its previously held take
it or leave it, position -
The widespread awakening of public as to
the low value Anaconda places health welfare
may presage the dawn of day in Montana potico
states ciizenry to dsabuse for all the eastern
porate impression that Montana colony to be exploited
to the hilt with little consideration the eff
fects of such exploitation upon the exploted-HLB
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-02-19

if any better off the will simply dip egis
secondary funds and divert them
apparently done in the 1859 fiscal order wipe
the ST 0O6 900 overdraw of state primary funds
The Greeks had phrase for such this
recall correctly they called 'em trojan bosses HLB
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-02-19
MONTANA FARMERS HELP POINT WAY
TO BETTER WORLD UNDERSTANDING

tries, improved agricultural methods,
health and sanitation, maternity and
child care, etc. The young men and
women trained in these centers go
back to encourage improved methods
in their villages.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-02-19

Caribou is an Indian name for
the American reindeer.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-02-19
EAGER AND TIRELESs
WORKERS


When the rural people once get
started on improving their condi-
tions, they are eager and tireless
workers. In every state we saw many
villages which have built roads,
schools, sanitary wells and often even
hospitals. The labor is done entirely
by the villagers themselves and by
hand rs no machinery is available.
The money Id sometimes supplied i'm
part by the government, but many
times the entire cost is. borne by the
village itself.
The government is attacking it's
stupendous problem: on so many
fronts at once that it's limited fl
nances won spread to every import
ant project. One of the greatest prob
lens is to bridge the gap between
the Agricultural College. experiment
al stations and farms and the illiterate
villagers. A wide variety of plans are
being tried on an experimental basis
in the various states. The success or
failure of each will determine whether
or not the scheme will be recommend
ed for expanded practice.
When the return to the spinning
wheel movement first attempted to
revitalize the traditional handicrafts,
it was found that much of the true
art had been lost through neglect. The
items produced were for the most
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1960-02-19
ACCEPTANCE OF NEW IDEAS
SLOWED BY ILLITERACY

/
Sometimes the first break through
| is very difficult. Illiteracy and the
desperate poverty of the rural people
make them slow to accept new ideas.
When they are making only enough
for the barest existence, they have
no money for trying new ideas and
are afraid as one mistake may be
fatal.
Miss Sumilia Basu, lady Social Edu-
cation organizer for Piyali township
in West Bengal told us that the vii
lage women wouldn't even talk to
her at first. Through many years of
exploitation by a corrupt outside
government the villagers have become
suspicious of anyone who comes from
the government with offers of helpa
By playing with the children until
they loved and trusted her, she gained
the confidence of the women. Then
they wanted to know every detail of
her life and family. Her next step
was to demonstrate craft work that
would bring them, supplemental in
come. AS they worked together at the
craft she guided the conversation to
domestic topics. Gently and patiently
she developed the idea of the import
ance of sanitation, improved matern-
ity and child care, more efficient
house keeping methods, and careful
food preparation. She raised kitchen
garden in her own yard and encour-
aged them to do the same and thus
improve their families nutrition. Her
final triumph was a one-hour daily.
class to teach them to read.
Evening star., 1960-08-11
ALL 50 OPEN AND
No Need for Spying Give Reds What They Want

or the light tank; new configuration of
the Nike-ZeuS missile; an artists concep-
tion OF the Army'S new Mauler, mobile
automatic air defense firing system with
electronic computer; an SD-5 drone;
typical warhead of about 200 millimeters
produced at the Picatinny Arsenal; Red
Eye hand-carried anti-plane weapon, and
working model of FADAC computer
Coils. Lobanov and Tovma paid 81 each
to register at the convention and $3.50 each
to attend reception at the Sheraton Park
on Monday night, Then the two Russian
attaches attached Member" cards to their
coats bearing their names and ranks, and
began their tours.
Capt. Gordon also wore a card bearing
his name and rank and the words Polish
Embassy" Generalov and YaShin, who
arrived the second day, wore no identifca-
tion at any time during their visits to the
defense display.
Capt. Gordon appeared at the conven-
ton, where there were more than IA ex-
hibit booths, all three days. Mr.. Misztal
was there only 10 minutes on Tuesday. But
the four Soviet Embassy aides made re-
peated visits-taking notes, acquiring docu-
ments available to visitors and talking with
industry experts at the exhibit booths
FBI Director j. Edgar Hoover last month
warned Congress of the exploitation by the
Communists of public information. Speak
ing of the Soviet espionage apparatus he
told the Senate Judiciary Committee:
ut is no secret that one of the results
of the freedom of our democratic society
is the availability of voluminous informa-
ton to members of the public merely for
the asking"
He said the Soviet-bloc intelligence
services are vel! aware of this fact and take
See RUSSIANS, Page B-1
Evening star., 1960-08-11
BY JERRY OLEARY, Jr.
star stan Writer

While Soviet Russia was expelling the
United States air attache from Moscow
yesterday, four military attaches of the
Russian Embassy in Washington were
winding up busy three days of picking up
armloads of information on Americas
latest defense developments here.
And while the four Russians were
wandering unrestricted around the exhibits
of Americas defense industry at the con-
vention of the Association of the United
States Army in the Sheraton-Park Hotel,
four Iron Curtain reporters were being
barred by the Association from admittance
to the convention presumably because they
might learn too much.
These four included Gennadi A. Shiskin
of Tass and Yuri v. Borsikov of 1zvestia.
Credentials also were denied Polish news
man and one other Iron Curtain reporter,
an Army spokesman said, because I'VE have
limited coverage to people representing the
legitimate American press and the press of
friendly foreign countries"
The Russian visitors noted at the Con-
vention, all in civilian clothes, included:
1t. Col. Viktor F. Lobanov and 1t. Col
Vsevolod S. Tovma, assistant military at
taehes at the Soviet Embassy in Washing
ton.
VSevolod N Generalov and August A.
Yashin, assistant air attaches at the en-
baSsy. Their ranks could not be learned.
In addition, two attaches from the en-
bassy of the Polish Peoples Republic at
tended the convention and acquired brief
case loads of documents about every phase
of Americas defense industry. They are
Capt. Edward Gordon of the Military At
taches once and Roman Misztal, clerk in
that Office
Evening star., 1960-08-11
District Pleads
For Fund Boost
Added s. Million
U. S. Payment Asked
BY GRACE BASSETT
star STAG Writer

The District Commissioners
refused to be shaken from their
plea for an added s. million
Federal payment this year,
despite Senator's demands to-
day for alternatives to shrink
the city's anticipated deficits.
Democratic Senator's Pastore
Of Rhode Island and Bible of
Nevada frankly told city Off
cials they deserved the pay
ment. but could not> get it
through the House Of Repre-
sentatives.
Republican Senator Allott OF
Colorado questioned whether
the city deserved more Federal
help because, he said, Washing
tonianS may not be taxed
enough. Either taxes are too
low or local government Off
See FISCAL, Page AS
Evening star., 1960-08-11

selection has not get gone
through the usual informal
clearance Of congressional
leaders.
The date tentatively set for
the change is September 80.
No Date Set
The President and Gen
Twining have discussed Gen.
Twining's retirement but no
date for his retirement has yet
been set. the White House said
today.
Gen. Twining, an Air Force
general, underwent an opera
ton for lung cancer last year
and an appendectomy last
spring. He told the President
he simply was not up to the
gruelling task of shepherding
another defense budget through
the Pentagon and Capitol Hill.
He has asked several times
since his illness to be relieved.
The President finally, reluc-
family. agreed.
Clearance Of the new Chair
man Of the Joint Chiefs with
congressional leaders is Of par
ticular Importance with a new
administration coming in this
January.
Ordinarily a chairman serves
four years, two two-year terms,
Evening star., 1960-08-11

covered safely. monkeys-and
eventually men-will follow,
they say.
Here is how scientists plan to
retrieve the capsule:
Forward-firins rockets will
slow the speed Of the capsule as
it falls toward the earth in a
long. curving trajectory. When
1t hits the air. parachutes will
check its fall. Planes trailing
trapeze like snares will try to
catch the falling capsule, and
ships will wait below in case
they miss. o
Special instruments were in
stalled in Discoverer XIII to
radio back performance details
at every step. The instruments
should tell what goes wrong
II something does.
Instruments in the satellite
and at ground-tracking sta
tions clicked into operation as
the Discoverer lifted of yes
terday.
Three hours later instru-
ments indicated the second
See DISCOVERER, Page AS
Evening star., 1960-08-11
U. N. Chief to Lead
Troo ps in Kotonqu
War Threat
Abandoned
By Premier

UNITED NATIONS, N. Y,
Aug. II (AP).-Secretary Gen.
eral Dag HammarSkjold raced
to the restless Congo today to
personally lead a United
Nations task force Of Swedish
troops into seceSSionst Ka-
tanga Province.
The secretary general had
assurance from Katanga's chief
OF state, Noise Tshombe, that
his force Of 800 soldiers and
two generals would be received
in an orderly manner" when
they come tomorrow.
Mr.. Tshombe dropped his
threat to wage war on U. N.
troops entering Katanga to re-
place Belgian forces after the
Security Council pledged they
would be used only for police
duties and keep hands off his
row with the central Congo
government of Premier Patrice
Lumumba. The Katanga Pre-
mier tried to put conditions on
the U. N. actions but Mr.. Ham
marskjold rejected these and
Mr.. TShombe acceded.
Mr.. Hammarskjold's mission
Is to speed the withdrawal of
the $500 Belgian troops who
are now patrolling the mineral
rich province. The Belgians
said they would remove their
soldiers when they could be
sure the U. N. forces could
protect the 10000 Belgian
civilians still in Katanga.
Eisenhower Supplies Plane
Smiling. the secretary gen.
eral took OF for Leopoldville
at 1855 am. in a special Boeing
TOT jet put at his disposal by
President Eisenhower when
commercial transport was not
readily available. Refuelins
stops were scheduled in the
Azores and at Accra, Ghana,
and the plane was due in
Leopoldville tonight.
Travelling with Mr.. Ham
marskjold were two U. N.
political officers, Heinrich A.
WieSchoff Of the United States
and Ian E. Berendsen Of New
Zealand. -
He planned to fly with his
small U. N. army from Leopold
vile to Elisabethville, the
Katanga capital $50 miles to
the southeast, tomorrow. The
force will include two Swedish
companies, the deputy COM
mander OF the U. N. force, Gen.
Ben Hammou Kettani of
MOROCCO; Gen. !. j. Rikhye Of
In dia, Mr.. Hammarskjold's
military adviser for operations
in the Congo, and civilian ad-
visers.
Mr.. Hammarskjold cabled
Mr.. Tshombe: All the military
will be in uniform but will
be under my exclusive personal
authority and will have only
the right Of legitimate self
defense in the event-which I
rule out as inconceivable-that
they are attacked"
The Katanga Premier re-
piled: Il can give you the as.
Surance that you and your
party will be received in an
orderly manner and with the
highest courtesy"
Warning of Trouble
In Elisabethville, Mr..
Ishombe said he had also
warned Mr.. Hammarskjold
See U. NJ, Page AS
Evening star., 1960-08-11
johnson Firm,
Limits Session
major Bills
Declines to Heed
Presidents PIeu
For Brood Action
By ]. A. OLEARY
Star stan Writer

Democratic leaders are stick
ing to their determination to
limit this session to half a
dozen major bills despite Pres
ident Eisenhower's demand
that they act on his broader
2l-point message.
This determination was ap-
parent today as the Senate met
early after ratifying the Ant
arctic treaty and approving a
81 billion public works appro-
priation bill yesterday.
Driving for adjournment
about Labor Day, the Senate
Finance Committee also con-
tinued work today on a House,
passed revision of the social Sc
.curity law. including q new
medical care plan for the aged.
Medical Hurdle
Getting the two chambers to
agree on a medical care plan
may prove to be one Of the
biggest hurdles facing the Dem.
ocratic floor managers. The
stumbling block is the contro-
verSy over whether the prob
lem should be handled by the
States with Federal aid, as
voted by the House, or financed
with a payroll tax as part of
the social security system.
Senate Democratic Leader
johnson declined to be drawn
into a dispute with the Presi-
dent over Mr.. Eisenhower's
assertion yesterday that 1t is
SILLY" to say Congress would
need months to complete his
broader legislative program.
Mr.. Eisenhower told his
news conference the Democrats
should be able to act on all
OF his recommendations quickly,
since they have q two-thirds
majority in the House and
Senate.
Pledges Strong Effort
; Asked If he thought thu
Presidents statement was
sound, Senator johnson smiled
and answered in q calm tone:
That's for the President to
determine. All Of us want to
transact the public business
that's what we came back here
See CONGRESS, Page AS
Evening star., 1960-08-11

so it would be desirable for Mr..
Eisenhower to pick a man ac-
ceptable to both presidential
candidates.
Gen. Lemnitzer. Army boss
for a year, was selected for his
broad background as a fighting
man and military diplomat
and also for his ability to play
rs q team man. He has given
the administration consider
ably less trouble than past
Army chiefs.
His philosophy is to deter
mine the most he can get for
the Army and fight for that
but not to rock the boat reach
ing for more.
Architect Of NATO
Gen. Lemnitzer, working
under Gen. Eisenhower, drew
the detailed plans for the North
African landing during World
War II. At various times he
served as chief Of staff to Field
Marshal Sir Harold Alexander
and chief Of stan to the COM
general Of the United
States Mediterranean theater.
He helped negotiate the sur
render of Italy and in the final
weeks Of the war entered
Switzerland in civilian clothes
See TWINING, Page AS