davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-08
Moscow Pities Us

There are some Americans who, on
this election day, think that they have
no real presidential choice-that neither
candidate is really worth voting for.
Perhaps they will be interested to know
that Moscow shares their sentiment.
One Moscow paper, for example, has
told its readers that in the United
States "there will be only freedom
to choose between Tweedledum and
Tweedledee." In contrast, said this So
Wet organ, Russian elections "are gen.
timely free. They show that there is
only miserable hundredth of per cent
opposed to socialism"
There is certain amount of truth
in this last statement. But those
Russians who make up the miserable
hundredth Of per cent must be pretty
hardy souls. They have only one slate
to vote for, and if they scratch name
in protest, as handful do, their ballot,
OF course, is declared void, and the dis
senterS risk winding up in Siberia.
Actually, If they wish to vote at all
they must vote for Tweedledum. They
can't vote for Tweedledee because he
isn't on the ballot.
Deep down, we wish these Russian
rugged individualists could have a
chance in an American election, with all
of its shortcomings, to choose between
such men as Mr.. Nixon and Mr.. Ken
needy. And we would also like to give
the American scoffers the privilege of
voting in Russian election. The ex-
perience might be good for what
ailS them.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-08
Neglected Subjects

AS an elementary teacher,
I am particularly sensitive to
the pressures put upon the
schools by the public, for
more and better education.
Yet, with such demands be-
ing made. why are teachers
not required, at least allowed,
to teach those subjects which
form the foundation for all
other learning in this coun-
try of ours? refer to history
and geography. These sub
jects are too often pushed
aside and grouped under So
cial studies-an area of the
elementary school which has
always been vague to teachers
as we'll as the parents. The
response has been tremen-
dously enthusiastic when
teachers have dared" to
present colorful and interest,"
ing, history books, which in
PRODUCED to third graders
such great names as Christie
pher Columbus and George
Washington.
Along with social studies
on the report card, parents
find history and geography.
They have a right to ques-
ton the grades given in these
fields. Indeed, how can a
teacher give such grades
when many curriculums do
not acknowledge that such
subjects exist?
The conviction of many
teachers is that if students in
later grades are to learn to
their highest capacity, the
elementary school must give
them thorough background
and understanding not only
in reading, writing arithme-
tic but also in the history and
geography of their country,
past and present.
Parents and teachers want
history and geography to be
a vital part of the elementary
program. Children thrill to
history and geography. When
will superintendent and
boards of education realize
that these important areas
are sadly lacking in many
school systems? Social learn
ing is necessary, but let more
of it come from the home.
Let there be more academic
learning in the classroom.
n Then we will have fewer 500
v cial and discipline problems,
Concerned Leader.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-08
Honoring an Obligation

Omc1alS OF the New York Stock EX-
change deserve commentator for their
announced plan to cover customer losses
suffered through misuse of securities by
a Boston Arm holding membership on the
exchange. Never before in its 168-year
history has the Big Board assumed such
an obligation, and the action in this
case appears to- rest entirely upon a
sense of moral responsibility (not legal
liability toward those who deal in good
faith with exchange members. On this
basis, the decision does much to re-
inforce public confidence in the integ-
rity of the exchange.
In brief, the plan as filed in a
Federal District Court is for the ex-
change to deposit in escrow a sum of
$690,000 for subsequent disbursement to
certain claimantS"-a relatively small
group of customers of Dupont, HomSey
g. Company Anton Homsey, managing
partner of the firm, has been charged
with misuse Of securities held in the
names of these customers and has been
expelled from membership in the ex-
change. Meanwhile, the firm itself is in
receivership and a preliminary audit in
dicates losses to these customers. in the
above amount. In addition, accounts
of approximately 1000 other DUPONT,
Homsey customers have been frozen
during the period of receivership. In
connection with the settlement proposal,
the New York Exchange expresses the
hope that the way will be cleared to free
ing these accounts by mid-December
Up to now, the exchange has had no
machinery or insurance fund for the
purpose of protecting customers against
fraudulent acts Of exchange members.
It's annual report of 1859 showed hold
ings in the exchanges own treasury of
$16.3 million in United States Govern
ment securities and $873,000 in cash.
Presumably, reimbursement in the pres
ent case would be drawn from these
sources with the possibility that spe-
cial reserve fund or insurance required
of members will be authorized in the
future. In any case, by setting the
precedent of responsibility, the ex-
change has served notice to its men,
bers and to investors that 1t intends to
play positive role in guarding the
public interest.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-08

Some mountains have roots
like trees.
These roots are long. mar
row extensions of the light
crystal rocks Of the towering
peaks into the earth's mantle.
This is one of the findings
of geophysicists. OF the Car
negie Institution of WASH
ington, who explored the
bases of the deep Andes in
Peru and Bolivia on an In
ternational Geophysical Year
project.
On the other hand some
Of the earth's highest noun
tains, like the Rockies, the
Alaska range and the Appa-
lachians, seem to float on
the underlying mantle, pre-
sumably the solid planets
original surface, like icebergs.
The problem, however, re-
mains involved in a lot Of
obscurities and contradic-
tionS.
"Floating Equilibrium"
It had been the customary
view of biologists that noun
tains and high plateaus are
supported by a sub structure
of lighter crystal rocks ex-
tending downward into the
heavier rocks of the mantle.
causing them to float like ice
bergs in the sea. Mountains
are themselves part Of the
crust, Is to 80 miles deep,
which is made up Of rocks
such as lavas and GRANTEES.
Through the long epochs
these are subjected to erosion,
exposure and reburial, vol
canic activity, and inflow OF
hot magmas from the interior.
But during Investigations
in the Western United States
at about the start Of Inter-
national Geophysical Year
activities, the Carnegie geo.
physicists found strong indi-
cations of another kind Of
sub-structure which also may
hold up the great ranges. A
network of narrow roots or
veins, from Is to 80 miles in
radius, may project into the
earth's mantle to depths as
great as $50 miles. Since
these roots are slightly less
dense than the mantle rock
a crown of mountains. or an
elevated plateau high above
sea level, like that Of Colo
RADIO, rises above them to
equalize pressures or main
tain floating equilibrium"
To test this idea elsewhere
the Carnegie Andes expedi-
ton for the ICY undertook
investigations in the high re-
gions of Peru, Bolivia and
Northern Chile. Their i'm.
mediate aim was 10 deter
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-08
Taxpayers Lament

Regardless OF our ideas
concerning the incidence and
amount of taxes. all will agree
that the tax administrator is
not per Sc a vulture: such
characteristics. where they
exist, stem from the qualities
OF the administrator, not from
his function.
What shall be said of a Dis
trict tax administration which
exhibits vindictiveness? Let
a claim be made of domicile
in a State, and all other items
are then questioned. (In
some instances, questions are
not even asked; the items are
disallowed without consider
alton of the factSD
Cooperation is sought from
the taxpayer, who extends it
Fundamentally only to learn
later that this is entirely one
sided. In fact, acknowledge
ment is thereafter made to
him that, had such co-opera-
ton been refused, settlement
might have been made and
at least part of the claim
waived.
Oh yes! So-called "hear-
ings" are given the taxpayer.
Such hearings are held be-
fore the very tax representa-
tives who have already passed
upon the items in question,
and who are admittedly not
qualified to conduct hearings.
In fact. should a legal ques-
ton be raised, the very people
who raised the question and
have already passed upon it,
undertake ex parte to obtain
a legal opinion. which they
then relay to the taxpayer.
x told you So" How could
1t be otherwise? l.. b.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-08
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Mountains Have Their Roots, Too
By THOMAS r. HENRY

mine the character Of the
roots of the Andes by meas
uring the wave speeds from
explosions in the great open
pit copper mines.
Congressional elastic waves.
such as those generated in
the earth by earthquakes or
explosions, have a velocity Of
Sc to 81 kilometers a sec
ond in the lighter crystal
rocks. Underneath it are the
heavier rocks of the mantle
in which velocities range from
7.8 to 8.3 kilometers a second.
Previously the Carnegie
geophysicists had found that
the thickness of the crust I'M
der the Rockies is about the
same as under the lower
plains and mountains of the
Eastern United States as I'M
der the high Colorado pla-
teau, 20 to "a kilometers a
second.
Other Similar Areas
Two areas of the globe
other than the Colorado pla-
teau are characterized by
huge mountain bulkS support
ing an extensive elevated pla-
teau, the Himalayas in Tibet
and the Andes. In the latter
thousands of cubic miles of
rock rise to form a tremen-
dous $4,000 to 16,000-foot
plateau. This latter area was
chosen for investigation.
In several of the Peruvian
and Chilean copper mines
single shots of 40 to 60 tons
of dynamite are exploded
every day. These explosions
produce waves which pass
through the crystal rocks and
the higher velocity rocks of
the mantle below the Moho.
It was hoped that observa-
ton of these waves, both
those travelling along lines
parallel to the mountains and
those travelling beneath them,
would give some clue to the
character of the deep under
lying structures.
From these studies, and
also from measurements of
actual earthquake waves
which are quite common in
that part Of the world, came
the mountain root deductions.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-08
Price of VOTING

What price democracy?
Why in Virginia it is only
$1.50. It comes in the form
of a little pink slip and it
is called by a fancy name,
"Capitation Tax"
Little difference does the
name make! 1t all comes to
the point that it costs $3.50
to vote here in the Land of
Presidents" If you don't
have $3.50, you don't have
a right to vote.
Who ever said it is one of
mans most precious privi-
leges to vote? What could
possibly be so precious that
you could buy it for $1.502
Let us keep democracy
alive! Let us not sell our
God-given rights at any
price. May we rid ourselves
Of this unfair stipulation on
voting and reclaim our
rights as free men in a free
country.
Eleannp z no11o.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-08
Measuring Prestige

I'm sick and tired OF hear
ing that word prestige"
Whether from Kennedy or
Nixon, it's the mootest moot
question imaginable.
Not too far back in history.
there was the Spanish ar
mazda. Did that represent
prestige?
The British lion controlled
the economies of nations so
widespread that the sun never
set upon her holdings. An
American entrepreneur,
wanting to build q railroad,
or q contractor bidding on q
major project, sought his
financing from the money
lenders in Britain.
Of course, that's one kind
of prestige. But, did that
mean that American and
other borrowers loved the
English? On the contrary,
they hated them and longed
for the day when they could
get out from under"
Now, it's America that's on
top. If that's prestige, times
will change.
Prestige! It's in our own
neighborhood. Suppose, for
instance. that a prominent
author, or an artist, prefers
to reside or have his studio
in a slum neighborhood, or,
perhaps the slums grew up
around his studio and he pre-
ferred not to move.
Neighbors would point him
out to friends and exclaim:
That's our neighbor, Mr..
'So-and-so' @. he's that WON
derful artist with portraits in
the National Gallery" q.
and so on.
So. there's a pastel print
of prestige" How do poll
ticians gauge prestige? Do
they accept the views of ex-
ecutives Of foreign powers?
Do they poll foreign parlia-
ments? Do they take a census
Of the Joe Blows" on the
street? Do they place credence
in the lettered signs abroad
urging Go Home Yanks"?
Do they balance these
thoughts against the mouth
ings Of a few crackpots here
in the United States who
with their crude swastikas,
proclaim a neo Naziism?
Prestige! Bah! A neighbor
may point me out as wonder
ful man . the father OF
wonderful children an up
right person the corner
liquor store will gladly honor
my check for $40 when Gal.
though they don't know it,
my bank balance is $12.33.
So, I have prestige in my
little neighborhood. The
Soviet Union has prestige. II
put a Sputnik in orbit. Uncle
Sam has prestige. He ha.
more satellites circlins
Mother Earth.
II, and when, I get q
measure Of prestige, I want II
to come from a carpenter
the lowly Nazarene, known a,
Jesus Christ.
Floyd Montgomery.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-08
'One-Armed Bandits

A Maryland Congressman.
up for reelection, has been
quoted as stating that he
sees little difference between
playing slot-machines and
going to the races and bet
ting 50 on a horse" For his
enlightenment, and in order
that the public be not mis-
led by this invidious COM
parison. here are some very
significant differences:
Slot-machines keep at least
go per cent, or $1.20. Of
every 50 put into them. re-
turning 80 cents to the player.
The take" is entirely a mat
ter for the decision Of the
owner of the machine. OF
every 50 bet on a horse at a
Maryland track the take" is
IL per cent. or "a cents, and
$1.76 is returned to the
player. This IL per cent
take" is set by Maryland law
and may not be exceeded. OF
every "a cents taken the
State receives 10 cents. Let
us extend the comparison.
In 1859 a total of 2,194,743
persons bet $148,750,959 on
horse races at Maryland
tracks. OF this $3.50, 300, 844
was returned to the players;
$7.437,547 went into the
treasury Of the State Of Mary
land; $5.125,249 in purses
was paid by the track man
agements to owners Of horses
racing; $5,287,3l9 was re-
tanned by tracks. There is no
way of knowing how much
money went into Slot-ma-
cnlneS, Dut Tor purposes OF
comparison let us assume
that the same number of
persons bet the same amount
Of dollars through them.
Where. then did this money
end up? A maximum of $751;
500,384 would have been re-
turned to the players: the
State Of Maryland would
have received none of it, and
the owners of the machines
would have retained a mini
mum of $S9,250.575.
Albert w. Foster
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-08
THE POLITICAL MILL
What Price Kennedy's Frontier?
By GOULD LINCOLN

support for enemies Of
Castro.
Who will he have for Secre-
tary of State? How much does
Senator Kennedy himself
know about foreign affairs?
Undoubtedly Senator Ken
needy will oppose the spread Of
communism in this country
and abroad. But does he have
definite ideas about how this
should be done? VIII he sur
round himself with the more
radical element in the Demo-
cratic Party, and look to 1t
for advice both on foreign
affairs and on domestic
issues? It has been predicted
that Senator Kennedy, as
President, would lean over
backwards to prevent an
appearance of favoring Cath
olics for high governmental
Offices. There is no more
reason for denying a Catho-
lie a Cabinet Office than there
is for denying him the office
of President. 1t would be far
better for the Senator to
have Catholics of sound
ability and wisdom as advisers
and executives than to have
some of the crackbrained
radicals who call themselves
Democrats.
Nixon's Course Known
The country has more
knowledge of what to expect
if Vice President Nixon is
elected. In a measure it will
be a continuance of what has
been going on during the
Eisenhower administration. OF
which Mr.. Nixon has been a
part. But the Nixon admins
tration, should it come into
being, would not be static.
it would not be a mere con-
tinuance of the status quo.
Far from it. He has COM
mitted himself to fight for
a sound dollar, for an ever
increasing economy, for an
ever-stronger national de-
Tense, and to an unending
fight against the spread OF
communism. For seven years
and more Mr.. Nixon has been
under Democratic fire because
of his criticisms of the Roose-
welt and Truman administra-
tions, which he contended
had been unwise in dealing
with Reds in this country and
abroad. Some radicals have
hated him because OF his
activities as a member Of the
House Un-American Activities
Committee which led finally
to the conviction Of Alger
Hiss.
It has been widely pre-
dicted that Congress, no mat
ter who wins the Presidency.
will continue to have a Demo-
cratic majority in both Senate
and House. 1t has been urged
this would make for poor
government if Mr.. Nixon were
elected President. But if Mr..
Nixon is elected, he will have
won with Democratic as well
as Republican votes, for there
are far more registered Dem
ocratic voters than Repub-
lican. Further, the Democrats
have controlled Congress for
six of the eight Eisenhower
years. Government has not
fallen down because Of it
The fear of many is that a
Democratic Congress may be
driven by Senator Kennedy
as President, along the radical
route. If the Senator wins he
will owe his victory to some
very large pressure groups.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-08
Answers to Questions
BY THE HASKINS SERVICE

@. For what is the Harri-
man Memorial Award given?
"A. j.
A. In memory of E. H.
Hartman, the award IS made
annually by the American
Museum of Safety, to stimu-
late conservation Of human
life on railroads.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-08
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry ,Driters' correct
names and addresses. All let
tiers are subject to condensd-
ton. Those not used trill be
returned only iDhen accom-
panied by self addressed,
stamped enDelopeS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-08
Eleanor e. Patterson
The VoteIess Ones

State election laws keep
10. million American citizens
OF voting age from casting
their ballots. Some $1,000 900
voters are unable to vote
because they moved during
the year and could not meet
residence require m e nts.
Thirty-f1ve States still re-
quire one year residence and
three require two years, the
other IL States require six
months residence to qualify
for voting.
Three recent election
changes are worthy of adop-
ton by other States: Cali
fornia'S residence require
ment for new residents of
81 days, Missouri's go days,
and Ohio's 40 days. These
apply only to voting for
President and Vice President
In cases where new residents
meet all other election law
requirements.
Other groups barred from
voting include 100000 citi-
zens of voting age in the Dis
trict Of Columbia; 100000
sick and hospitalized and
100000 business travellers
unable to obtain absentee
ballots; 100000 citizens liv-
ing abroad; and 800, 1000 illit-
crates.
1t is difficult to measure
accurately the number of
people prevented from voting
by poll taxes, rugged literacy
tests and various social pres
sures on minority groups.
One estimate is that $780,
600 Negroes are kept from
voting in some parts of the
South.
I recommend the following
reforms:
Reduce State residence re-
quirementS for voting for
President and Vice President
to 40 days; and to six months
for other elections. Allow
absentee voting by mail for
all voters outside their county
on election day. Extend alb
sentee voting to sick and
hospitalized voters. Allow
voters away from their
States for long periods to
register by mail-with care
full precautions against fraud
and heavy penalties for
violation. Give the vote to
citizens of voting age in the
District of Columbia. Literacy
tests should be objective
discrimination-proof and cor
rected according to answer.
key. Remove election law re.
quirementS from State consti.
tutions because of the diff.
Guilty of amending these
constitutions. Establish per.
manent personal tax-fret
registration, with centra
registration facilities oper
throughout the year, genera
registration period to clost
not earlier than three week.
before election day. Havt
a shorter and simplified bal
lot with propositions anc
amendments stated in under
standable language. ALLOW
two days for voting as som,
European democracies do.
Brendan Byrne,
Executive Director, America
Heritage Foundation, NJ
York City.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-08
Plea to Neiqhbors

Please, Virginia and Mary
land, permit your fellow
countrymen in the District to
vote for President and Vice
President as you are doing
today. Only two States have
accepted the Constitutional
Amendment yet. Please make
1t four. Let us vote by 1864!
Robert ]. Weber.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-08

Today is the day Of decision.
The American people go to
the polls to elect the next
President Of the United
States. Upon their selection
rests the future course OF
government in the United
States, leadership Of the free
world and perhaps the terrific
question, In this atomic age,
of war or peace. Tomorrow
the time for epithet throwing
should be over. And tomorrow
the American people should
be wise enough to buckle
down to the job of resisting
the drive Of communism for
world control, including the
Western Hemisphere. They
should also buckle down to
the job of resisting further
Entertainments of the Federal
Government into the affairs
Of ordinary people. Of resis-
ting ever-rising costs and
prices and the efforts Of Or
ganized labor to control the
government.
If Senator Kennedy Of
Massachusetts is elected, the
country will have its first
Roman Catholic President
and the so-called religious
issue should be dead. It is
an issue that never should
have existed. If Senator
Kennedy should be defeated,
however, the cry will 60 up:
Kennedy lost because of the
bigots who voted against
him" Indeed, Senator Ken
nedy's brother and campaign
manager, Robert Kennedy,
has repeatedly declared that
If it were not for the religious
issue, Senator Kennedy would
have the election sewed up
Little has been said, however,
by either of them about the
fact they have been counting
heavily on the big Catholic
population in the populous
industrial centers to carry key
States such as New York
New Jersey, Massachusetts,
Connecticut, Illinois, etc. fol
for the Senator. This. too, Ii
bigotry.
A Kennedy election will
bring the country face to face
with the danger Of huge
government spending, bring
ing imitation and higher take!
in its trail. His talk in thu
campaign Of new frontiers
none Of which has really
been defined-sounds like thu
onward march of big govern
ment. OF course, the Unitet
States must not stand still
and it has not been standing
still-far from it-during thu
last seven-and-a-half years
Vice President Nixon has pu
himself on record again ant
again in favor of advancing
along economic, social ant
national defense lines. He ha
been far more specific thai
Senator Kennedy. The Demo
cratic candidate has as hi
guide the Democratic Ma
tional platform which prom
Uses nearly everything t.
nearly everybody-except tn,
embattled taxpayer.
What Will Kennedy Do?
No one knows what Senate
Kennedy will do, If he be
comes President, on foreigl
affairs. He has blown hot an
cold, first on the possihl
necessity Of defending tn
islands of Quemoy and Mats
and second on plans to attac
the Cuban question, even t