davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-02-22
Leap Forward
In Big Missiles

AS for longer-range ballistic
missiles, from a standing start
only five years ago we have
literally leaped forward in ac-
complishments no less than
remarkable. Our Atlas missile
already amazingly accurate, be-
came operational last year. Mis-
slles Of intermediate range are
IN forward bases. The first
Polaris missile submarine-an
almost invulnerable weapon
VIII soon be at sea. New genera
tlons OF long-range missiles are
under urgent development.
Collectively, this is a. force
not unduly dependent upon any
one weapon or any one serv-
Ice, not subject to elimination
oy sudden attack, buttressed bv
an industrial system unmatched
on earth, and unhesitatinolv
supported by a vigorous people
determined to remain free,
Strategically, it is far better
situated than any force that
could be brought to bear against
US.
AS we have strengthened
these defenses, we have helped
to bolster our own and free
Evening star., 1960-02-22
Principles Behind
u. S. Relationship

And wherever I go shall
state again and again the basic
principles and attitudes that
govern our country's relation
ships in this hemisphere.
For example:
Our good-partner policy is a
permanent guide, encompass
ing non-intervention, mutual
respect and juridical equality
of states.
We wish. for every American
nation, a rapid economic prog
ress, with its blessings reach
ing all the people.
We are always eager to CO.
operate in fostering sound de-
velopment within the limits OF
practical capabilities; further
we shall continue to urge
every nation to join in help tc
the less fortunate.
We stand firmly by oul
pledge to- help maintain the
security of the Americas un-
der the Rio treaty of 1947.
We declare our faith in the
rule of law, our determination
to abide by treaty commit
ments and our insistence that
other nations do likewise.
We will do all we can to
foster the triumph of human
liberty throughout the hemi-
sphere.
We condemn all efforts to
undermine the democratic in
stitutions of the Americas
through coercion or subver-
sion, and we abhor the use of
the lie and distortion in rela-
tions among nations.
Evening star., 1960-02-22

My friends, early tomorrow
start journey to several Of our
Latin American neighbors, with
three major purposes in mind,
These are to learn more about
our friends to the south; to as
sure them again that the United
States seeks to cooperate with
them in achieving a fuller life
for everyone in this hemi-
sphere, and to make clear our
desire to work closely with
them in the building of a uni
versal peace with justice.
Our interest in our sister
republics is of long standing,
and Of deep affection. This. in
itself. is reason sufficient for
this journey. But in these days
of world tension, of awakening
ambitions and of problems
caused by the growing inter-
dependence of nations, it is vital
for national partners to develop
better understandings and to
improve common programs.
The bonds among our Amer
lean republics are not merely
geographic rather they are
shared principles and convic-
tions. Together we believe in
God. in the dignity and rights
of man, in peace with justice
and in the right of every peo-
pie to determine its own des-
tiny. In such beliefs our friend
ship is rooted.
Yet even among close COM
rades. friendships too often
seem to be taken for granted.
We must not give our neigh
bors of Latin America cause to
believe this about us.
So I shall reaffirm to our sis
ter republics that we are stead
fast in our purpose to work
with them hand in hand in
promoting the security and
well-being of all peoples of this
hemisphere.
Evening star., 1960-02-22
Rockefeller Plans
FulIout Shelters

ALBANY, N. Y. Feb. % (AP)
The State will build a 81 mil
lion fallout shelter for use as
an emergency capitol in the
event Of nuclear attack, Gov
Nelson Rockefeller said yester-
day.
He also disclosed that he had
ordered fallout shelters built
in all new State buildings.
Plans are under way for shell
ters in the executive mansion
and the capitol itself.
The emergency headquarters
for the State government will
be built underground at the
States new campus site for
offices in Albany's western out
skirts.
Evening star., 1960-02-22
WiII196O Set q Record
For House Retirees?

about 80 members had an
nounced they would not be
candidates again.
The advance list of legislators
to retire at the end Of the 86th
Congress Includes an unusual
ly large proportion Of top-rank-
ing committee members. Among
these are Representatives Bar
den and Durham. Democrats OF
North Carolina, House Educa-
ton and Labor Committee
chairman and Atomic Energy
Committee vice chairman. re-
Spectively; Allen, Republican OF
Illinois. ranking minority men,
Der of the Rules Committee;
Jackson, Republican of Califor-
mia, ranking minority member
of the Committee on Un-Amer-
lean Activities, and Garfield
Republican of New Jersey, a
high-ranking member Of the
Appropriations Committee.
Others Retiring
Other Republicans who have
announced they will retire are
Representatives Holt of Cali
fornia, Dixon of Utah. Baum
hart, Henderson and Hess OF
Ohio; Simpson of Illinois. With
row of Wisconsin, Smith OF
Kansas and Thompson of
Wyoming.
Democratic Representatives
Anderson of Montana, McGov-
ern of South Dakota and Bur-
dick of North Dakota are ac-
lively running for the Senate
The gubernatorial candidates
are Representatives Coffin, Dem
ocrat of Maine, and Bentley
Republican Of Michigan. Repre-
sentative Reuss, Democrat OF
Wisconsin, will run for mayor
of Milwaukee.
Mr.. Burdick hopes to win a
special Senate election in June
to succeed the late Senator
LANCER, Republican of North
Dakota. If he is defeated, he
still could run again for the
House. Similarly, Mr.. Reuss
could seek reelection to the
House in a September primary
if he loses the mayoralty pri-
mary next month.
Retirement of Senator Green
has opened the way for possible
nomination of Representative
Fogarty, Democrat of Rhode
Island to succeed him. Mr.
Fogarty, who holds an influen.
tial place on the House Appro-
priations Committee. is expect.
ed to announce next month
whether he will seek the Senate
seat. Representative Forand
Rhode Island Democrat who
occupies the No. 2 place on the
Ways and Means Committee
has said he will not run for the
Senate.
Evening star., 1960-02-22
Misunderstondinqs
Impede Coo Operation

To do so, calls for a sus-
tained effort that is, unfortun-
ately, sometimes impeded by
misunderstanding.
One such misunderstanding,
at times voiced in Latin Amer
lea, is that we have been so pre-
occupied with the menace of
Communist imperialism and
resulting problems of defense
that we have tended to forget
our southern neighbors. Some
have implied that our attention
has been so much directed to
security for ourselves and to
problems across the oceans to
the west and east that we neg
lect cooperation and progress
within this hemisphere.
1t is true that we have given
first priority to worldwide
measures for security against
the possibility of military ag-
gression. We have made many
sacrifices to assure that this Sc
curity is and will be main
tanned.
But hope to make clear on
my journey that our military
programs at home and abroad
have been designed for one pur-
pose only-the maintenance of
peace, as important to Latin
America as to us.
That there is need for these
programs, postwar history
clearly proves.
For the first five years after
World War II we in the United
States, hopeful of a global
and durable peoce, pursued a
policy of virtual diSarma-
ment. But the blockade of Ber-
lin, the military weakness of
our European friends living
face to face with the Commu-
mist menace, and finally the
Korean war-together with ar
rogant threats against other
peaceful Enthusiastically
made it clear to us that only
under an umbrella of military
strength could free nations
hope to make progress toward
an enduring, just peace. World
uneasiness rose to the point of
alarm.
Since then our nation has
developed great arsenals of
powerful weapons to sustain the
peace. We have created a great
deterrent strength-so power
ful as to command and to
Justify the respect of knowl-
edgeable and unbiased observers
here at home and abroad.
Our many hundreds Of Air
Force bombers deployed the
world over-each capable of un-
leashing a frightful destruction
constitute a force far superior
to any other, in numbers, in
quality and in strategic location
OF bases. We have, in addition. a
powerful nuclear force in our
aircraft carriers and in our host
of widely deployed tactical air.
craft. Adding constantly to
these forces are advanced types
OF missiles steadily augmenting
the armaments of all ground
and other military units,
Evening star., 1960-02-22
Arms Not Enough
To Sustain Freedom

But we all recognize that
peace and freedom cannot be
forever sustained by weapons
alone. There must be a free
world spirit and morale based
upon the conviction that, for
free men, life comprehends
more than mere survival and
bare security. Peoples every
where must have opportunity
to better themselves spiritually,
intellectually, economically.
We earnestly seek to help
our neighbors in this hemi-
sphere achieve the progress
they rightly desire.
We have sought to strengthen
the Organization Of American
States and other cooperative
groups which promote hemi-
spheric progress and solidarity.
We have invested heavily in
Latin American enterprise.
New credits, both public and
private. are being made avail
able in greater volume than
ever before. Last year these
Appropriated 81 billion. Our
outstanding loans and invest
ments in Latin America now
exceed S11 billion.
With our sister republics we
have just established the Inter-
American Development Bank
With them, we hope this new
billion-dollar institution will do
much to accelerate economic
growth.
Additionally, we have ex-
panded technical cooperation
programs throughout the
Americas.
To improve our own knowl-
edge of our neighbors' needs we
recently established a distin-
guished panel Of private citi-
zens under the chairmanship
of the Secretary of State. This
National Advisory Committee
will. by continuous study of
inter-American affairs, help us
at home better to cooperate
with our Latin erican
friends. Members of this COM
will accompany me on
my journey.
This will be a busy trip, for
our neighbors' problems are
and veXing: The lack of
development capital; wide fluc-
tuations in the prices Of their
export commodities; the need
for common regional markets
to foster efficiency and to at
tract new credits; the need to
l improve health. education,
housing and transportation.
These are certain to be sub
jectS Of discussion in each of
the countries I visit.
Evening star., 1960-02-22

world security by assisting in
arming ~ other nationS-our
associates in the defense of the
free world. Our part Of this in
diSpenSable effort is our mu-
tual security program. 1t makes
possible a forward strategy of
defense for the greater security
of all, including our neighbors
to the south.
I am certain that our Latin
American neighbors, as well as
you here at home, understand
the significance Of all these
facts.
We have forged q trust
worthy shield of peace-an in
destructible force Of incalcu-
liable power-ample for today
and constantly developing to
meet the needs Of tomorrow.
Today, in the presence of con-
tinuous threat, all of us can
stand resolute and unafraid,
confident in Americas might
as an anchor Of free-world Sc
curity.
Evening star., 1960-02-22

mittee and Senator Wiley
Republican of Wisconsin
directs the work of the Sem
ator's Government Operations
subcommittee.
Miss Betty L. Goetz is the
staff director of his Foreign
Relations Disarmament SUBJ
committee. She is a Minnesota
graduate, but like Mr.. Cahn's
her job is kept out of the cam
paign effort at the Senator's
insistence.
That fact, as much as any,
thing, indicates there is no
shortage of brains in the Hum
phrey campaign.
Tomorrow: The men behind
Senator Kennedy.
Evening star., 1960-02-22
Would Broaden '56 Act

The Senate vote of 61-27 wa.
two more than the required
two-thirds, but the Senate
won't get a chance to act or
the veto unless the House over
rides.
AS passed in the face Of ad-
ministration opposition, the
bill would continue and broad
en- the original 1856 Water Pol
luton Act.
1t would raise to 5000 mil
lion the amount of Federal
funds that could be spent al
the rate of 500 million a year
to help States and munIcipali-
ties construct sewage disposal
plants.
The original act set a $500
million spending ceiling, or $50
million a year. The limit Of the
Government grant for any
project would be $3.50, 900 or &c
per cent OF the overall cost
whichever is smaller.
The House Public Works
Committee, which sponsored
the act, says that after two
full years Of operation the
program has resulted in con-
Struction of waste-treatment
facilities that will clean $4,000
miles of the Nations streams.
The committee estimated that
it would take 10 years to COM
plete the job of cleaning up
pollution caused by munich
palities with inadequate treat
ment plants.
Most Cities Under $4,000
Most of the cities that have
received Federal grants, the
committee said, have $4,000 or
less population and would not
be able to construct facilities
without Federal help.
The Eisenhower administra-
ton, through the Department
of Health, Education and We'll
fare, has insisted that the pro-
gram be financed in the future
by the States and communities
concerned.
Evening star., 1960-02-22
BEHIND THE CANDIDATES
Versatile Brain Trust
Aids sHumphrey Drive
BY DAVID S. BRODER
Star Stan Writer

tone of hard-boled eggheadism characterizes the
campaign staff of Senator Humphrey
The Minnesota Democrats presidential bid is being man.
aged by what anyone impressed by college diplomas would
call brain trust.
But this is brain trust with difference It's members
Evening star., 1960-02-22

can hustle a buck or SWeet-tall
a delegate as we'll as they cal
write a speech or promulgat,
a policy.
1T has to be that way" ont
Of the Humphrey aides explains
because the problems in thi
campaign are not intellectual
they are financial and political
Our candidate doesn't have Il
be briefed on issues. He doeSn'
need position papers. He knows
where he stands and he's ex.
pressed himself on all these is.
sues for years. He generate!
more new ideas than the rest
of us put together"
The task Of the eight or ter
men who share responsibility
for making the Humphrey
drive move is to channel the
available intellectual energy
into politically profitable activ-
ity. They do so, largely on q
volunteer basis. because they
share Senator Humphreys lib
eral viewpoint and-in a sur
prising number of caSes-have
been his friends and political
supporters in every fight he:
been in since 1945.
Relative Newcomers
Two of the key men in the
group. however, are relative
newcomers. Herbert L. Waters
the Senator's administrative
assistant, Joined him in hi
1854 fight for reelection. Mr.
Waters. a California newspa.
perman with broad contact.
among farm groups, has trav.
eled throughout the country
setting up campaign staffs.
James H. Rowe. jr., the "olc
pro" of the group, is in his first
Humphrey campaign. Mr.. Rowe
learned politics in the White
House under Franklin D
Roosevelt and has been ar
aide to virtually every Demo.
cratic presidential nominee
since the 1930s. He is a law
partner of Thomas G. Corcoran
one of the behind-the-scene.
managers Of the Lyndon John.
son-for- President campaign.
Typical of the "old Hum.
phrey hands" in the campaign
is Max M. Kampelman. who wa:
a University of Minnesota poll
tical science professor back ir
1945. when Senator Humphrey
left teaching to run for Mayor
If Minneapolis. Mr.. Kampelmar
assisted in that fight and ir
every one since, serving fol
seven years as the Senator.
legislative counsel. Now he prac.
tees law here when not plotting
campaign strategy.
A former student of Mr.
Kampelman's, Robert w. Bar.
rie, is now the executive direc-
tor of the Humphrey for Presi.
dent headquarters. Mr.. Barrie
took his Minnesota politica,
lessons to New Jersey and be-
came administrative assistant
Evening star., 1960-02-22

Second Of five articles on the men
who advise and assist the leod-
ing contendes for the 1860
presidential nominations.
Evening star., 1960-02-22
BY ROBERT X. WALSH
Star STAFF Writer

The intended exoduS-volun-
tary. of course-of members of
the House at the end of this
year is we'll on the way toward
setting a record for such de-
partures.
Already II Republicans and
two Democrats have announced
they will retire from the House.
Three Democrats are avowed
candidates for the Senate, one
Democrat and one Republican
intend to leave Congress to run
for governorshipS, and another
Democrat wants to be a mayor,
Other House members indl-
cate they are interested in pol
itical fields elsewhere or in just
retiring from the political area.
Some intend to say nothing
until Congress adjourns.
Besides the 20 House men,
bers who have publicly disclosed
plans. two Senators thus far
have declared they will not seek
reelection. They are 92-year
old Senator Green, Democrat
of Rhode Island, who has served
since 1887, and Senator Martin,
Republican of Iowa, completing
his first term.
Reasons Vary
Reasons, revealed or other
wise, for the retirements in
many instances include the
assurance of a substantial con-
gressional pension. a prospect
that Democrats will continue to
control Congress and its COM
mitteeS, and a possibility of
trouble getting renominated or
reelected.
The number of prospective
House changes or Casualties
is unusually large so early in
the congressional session. The
totals at this time in 1858 and
1856 were fewer than a dozen.
When the 85th Congress ad-
journed two years ago, only
Evening star., 1960-02-22
Veto Expected
For Pollution
Control Bill
By the Associated Press

Democrats hope to make po-
litical capital out of an ex-
pected veto Of a 5000 million
water pollution control bill.
Unless there's a last-minute
change in plans, the veto is
scheduled to reach Congress
today and to be voted on
Thursday in the House, where
the bill loriginated last year.
Democrats aren't optimistic
about their chances of over
riding the President, but they
believe some incumbent Re-
publicans may lose their House
seats if they vote against a
bill containing money for mu-
inequalities throughout the
country.
Statistics are in favor of the
Presidents being sustained.
When the House passed the
bill last year, the 253-142 vote
was II votes short of the two
thirds needed to override and
included 81 Republican "yes"
ballots. Some of the Repuhli-
cans may vote differently on
the question of sustaining their
President.
Evening star., 1960-02-22

to Senator Williams, Democrat
Of New Jersey. before joining
the Humphrey organization las
fall.
ADA Colleague Helps
Another of the veterans /.
Joseph L. Rauh. jr., a Washing
ton attorney who was in with
the Senator on the founding Of
Americans for Democratic Ac-
ton. Mr.. Rauh, who represents
the United Auto Workers ir
court, is the unofficial liaSior
man with Humphrey hackers in
all of organized labor.
Along with Frank D. Reeves
he also keeps up contacts with
minority groups and organiza-
tions interested in civil rights
Mr.. Reeves. Howard Univer-
sity Law School graduate ano
former staff member Of the
| NAACP, has been active tol
many years in District Demo.
cratic affairs.
Another Washington lawyer
Edward Rhetts, a friend of Mr.
Rowe's from Harvard Law
School and New Deal days, has
Joined the Humphrey strategy
board this year. He also looks
out for the Senator's interests
in Indiana, where he maintains
a second law office.
Stern POlishes Speeches
An eighth member of the in.
formal board of advisers il
Philip M. Stern. editor of the
Northern Virginia Sun and for
mer research director of the
Democratic National Commit
tee. His special assignment il
to put the final polish on the
speech texts.
/ These eight men gather fire.
quently to discuss political
financial and operational prob
lens with the Senator. Otter
they are joined by his Senate
colleague, Eugene Mccarthy
who is CO chairman of the
Humphrey drive nationally.
The other co-chairman i.
Gov. Orville Freeman of Mime.
sofa, and the day-to-day di.
rector of Midwest operations is
the States Lieutenant Gov.
ernor. Karl F. Rolvaag.
Backing up the efforts oi
these men are a host of State
and local campaign worker!
and countless personal friend;
of the Senator, who contribute
suggestions by phone anc
memorandum.
Many Offer Help
"We're literally overwhelmed
with offers of help, particu.
larly here in Washington" Mr.
Kampelman said. The prob.
lem is to make use of it in
telligently."
Some half dozen writers
turn out speech drafts fol
Senator Humphrey on a reg
ular, volunteer basis, and per-
haps 20 others, including
economist Leon KeySerling anC
historian Arthur Schlesinger
/ jr.. contribute occasional texts
Some so political science
professors at campuses around
the country, friends of the
Senator from his days in the
American Political Science
Association, send in memos or
their specialties and situation
reports on politics in theil
home States.
Their work is co-ordinatec
through Mr.. Kampelman anc
DR.. Evron Kirkpatrick, direc-
tor Of the Political Science AS
sociation, and another former
University of Minnesota facul-
ty member.
Legislative Staff
Aside from Mr.. Waters, mos
Of the Senator's official aide!
are kept busy on their regular
legislative duties. John Flynn
a Minnesota Law School grad
uate, is his legislative assistant
and handles that phase of the
day-to-day work of the Senate
Office.
Julius Calm, a Republican
who came to his job after stints
| with the COP. National Com.
Evening star., 1960-02-22
EISENHOWER TEXT
3 Major Purposes
Listed for Journey

FOLLOWING is the tert of President EiSenhoWer's
address last night prior to his departure his South
American trip:
Evening star., 1960-02-22

to Senator Williams, Democrat
Of New Jersey. before joining
the Humphrey organization last
fall.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-02-14

Comic cord made by A. Pork Of London
about 1910. His comics were block and
white, hond-eolored. cost about q penny.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-02-14

Many people challenge the claim
of the Catholic Church that it is
infallible in matters of religion.
No human being is perfect"
they will say. No institution
run by human beings can be in
fallible."
Many believe the Bible fills
this need. However, since num-
berless fallible people interpret
the Bible and often in direct
conflict with each other, the Bible
cannot supply the need of an
unquestioned source of Christ's
teachings. For Catholics, the in
fallible source is the Catholic
Church, established for that pur-
pose by Christ Himself.
The Church is the infallible
source of religious truth because
it was established by the Son of
God for that purpose. We know
from the New Testament that
Christ instructed Peter and the
other disciples to teach all ma
lions" -. that He gave them the
power TO forgive sins in His name
80. that He appointed Peter the
first head of His Church =. that
He promised to send the Holy
Spirit to guide and protect the
Church against human errors and
the assaults of evil forces.
Peter was divinely appointed
to be the shepherd of the flock
of Christ. In his lifetime, he was
so recognized by the disciples and
by the early Christians. He was
also, according to Holy Scripture,
instructed by Jesus to appoint
others to spread Christ's teach
ings to succeeding generations.
This continuation and succession
of authority was obviously neces-
SUP "A z