davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-08-14
InRussiu:
More Spies

On the eve of the trial of
Francis G. Powers, pilot of the
U-2 reconnaissance plane shot
down over SverdlOvsk last May
l, the Soviet Union kept the
spy scare whipped up by ex-
pelling an American air attache
and two touring American
students.
The Kremlin traditionally has
used important trials, especially
of foreigners, to strengthen the
Soviet propaganda line not only
for domestic but also for foreign
consumption. Mr.. Khrushchev
has thus far gotten a lot of
mileage out of that famous U-2
spy plane incident. and last week
it was clear that he was going
to get a lot more.
In the Soviet press. spy stories,
have been almost daily fare since
the dramatic disclosure, on the
eve of the abortive summit con-
ference, of the capture of Pilot
Powers alive and most of his
equipment. Last week Col. Edwin
NJ Kirton, air attache at the
United States Embassy in Mos
COW, was ordered to leave Russia
On charges of continual spying"
for the past two years. The next
day an American student. Robert
c. Christner. was expelled for
taking espionage photos" of rail,
radio and harbor installations.
On Friday another student,
James Shultz, was ordered to 60
home for gross misuse of Soviet
hospitality" MI. Shultz was not
labeled a spy, but was accused of
disturbing provocative" literature
in Kiev and of collecting material
for an anti-Soviet book.
The State Department brushed
aside the Soviet charges as merely
part of the build-up for the trial
of Mr.. Powers, set for this Wednes-
day in Moscow. The department
compared the Soviet actions re-
Gently with the freedom permitted
Soviet diplomats and military at
tacheS in the United States-a
freedom documented Thursday by
The Star with a story and pictures
of Soviet officers picking up. quite
legally. large quantities of litera-
ture on American military equip
ment at the convention of the
Association of the United States
Army.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-08-14
Great Differences

The questions raised by the bill
revealed differences as great as
any over legislation of this Ses-
sion. Others wanted to be heard.
Senator Holland, Democrat of
Florida, said he has amendments
in mind he wanted to discuss. The
debate showed no sign of letting
up, with signs that it would run
we'll into this week.
On other legislation agreed upon
as necessary in this session the
status was:
MEDICAL CARE FOR THE
AGED-This must" bill was adj
vanced a step when the Senate
Finance Committee yesterday ap-
proved by 12-to-5 vote a limited
State-operated program. rejecting
efforts to finance the plan through
the Social Security system.
Chairman Byrd of the commit
tee had revealed his opposition
earlier to plan advanced in the
House by Representative Forand.
Democrat of Rhode Island, which
would have incorporated a broad
aid program into Social Security.
The Senator called this "socialized
medicine" and said all the medical
care programs opened up vast
new fields of expenditure. He
added that he would be happier
if time were taken for a thorough
study" before any action was
taken. 1t appeared unlikely, how
ever, that such a course would be
followed. The election year at
fractions of a broad program for
care of the aged we're too strong.
The Senate committee approved
bill follows more the line of a
measure passed by the House and
backed by the administration than
the Forand plan.
Senator Kennedy announced
on Saturday that Mr.. Forand has
accepted a job as national chair
man of Senior Citizens for Ken
needy committee to help him in the
Democratic drive this fall.
SCHOOL AID-Action on funds
for school construction and teach
ers salaries is expected when the
House reconvenes tomorrow. Prob
lem is to pry the bill away from
the conservative rules committee.
The Senate has already passed a
bill.
HOUSING-The same applies
on bill to stimulate housing pro-
Continued on Page CA
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-08-14

the Soviet Union. the United
States and Britain-first met to
negotiate an acceptable pact 10
end tests. In addition, there have
been some IS informal talks,
countless anteroom conversations
and dozens of dinners and
lunches.
But there is as yet no pact.
The Soviet delegate. Semyon K.
TSarapkin. continues to bogple at
the number Of on-Site inspections
considered necessary by the West;
on its part. the United States with
British backing continues to press
for a series of research" under
ground blasts to perfect detection
methods.
Yet in this one area where
Soviet Western relations appear
to be unchanged by the new freeze
in the cold war, there has been
no invective, no bitterness. Both
sides go on negotiating appar-
emily with confidence that even
tually a treaty will be signed.
When James J. Wadsworth left
last week to return to America
and prepare to replace AmbaSsa-
dor Henry Cabot Lodge at the
United Nations, he and Mr.. Tsar-
apkin, who use first names with
each other, parted in an atmos-
phere of cordiality.
Friday morning at a White
House session of the National Sc
curity Council, President Eisen-
hover was once again urged by
some of his advisers to end the
Geneva talks and resume testing.
But on the advice of Secretary Of
State Herter, the President de-
cided to make no precipitate move
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-08-14
FideI Castro.
Now theChurch

Cuba's Premier Fidel Castro
last week returned to the revO-
lutiOnary arena after a battle
with lung infection. His
bOmbast appears to have lost
none of its frenzy.
There has long been a saying
in Latin America that a dictator's
days are numbered when he falls
out with the Roman Catholic
Church. Last week Mr.. Castro.
with restored vigor, took three
or four hours to fail away at that
powerful institution. The church
in Cuba, he charged. was foment-
ing counter-revolutionary activi-
ties at the behest of the United
States and SPANS Generalissimo
Francisco Franco.
"Scri3aS ana PnariseeS.' roared
Fidel, serve Yankee imperialism
and its partner Franco the
American Embassy has thrown
into combat its last poems :.
those who condemn the revolu-
ton condemn Christ. ="
The bearded Premier was care
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-08-14
On Civil Rights
Next was civil rights.

Next was civil rights.
The Republicans were deter
mined to point up the bitter feel
ings within the Democratic party
over civil rights policies. Minority
Leader Dirksen offered a new ad-
ministration bill which would give
statutory authority to the Com
mission on Non-Discrimination on
Government Contracts and would
provide Federal finacial aid to help
schools which voluntarily comply
with the Supreme Courts 1854 de-
segregation decision. It was
promptly tabled by a vote of 81
to %. There was a sharp outcry
of Let's stop playing politics. q. . :"
The Republicans unable to let
such a finely controversial issue
alone. promptly handed out Cby
way of Senator Javits) a second
civil rights measure. one designed
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-08-14
THE NATIONAL SCENE
Eye on November
Apparent on Hill

The Senate resumed sessions
last Monday in an effort to dis
pose Of needed legislation left
over by the pre-convention re-
cess in July. The House re-
turns tomorrow.
The 10000 spectators who
turned out for the Capitol Hill
summer show last Monday were
seeing only the first act of a
drama whose last act won't be
played until November 8.
The setting was familiar. The
star actors were reigning favor
ties but they were playing new
roles. Vice President Nixon was
appearing as the Eisenhower ad-
miniStrations official heir-appar-
ent. Senator Kennedy was touched
with the aura which surrounds
man whose words soon may have
the historical Importance of White
House utterances.
Inc biggest round OF applause
went to the early and frequent
appearances of Senator johnson
OF Texas as strong leader-but
one who now has his own strong
political leader.
The autograph seekers were &C
tive and the candidates co-opera-
tive. Photographers had a field
day and commentators were
breathlesS over the idea that one
OF the two men so casually facing
each other in the club-like atmos-
phere of the Senate chamber was
the next President of the United
States. Scarcely had there ever
been such chance for II knew
him when :" addicts to accu-
mulate so much material so
easily.
Republicans and Democrats
alike had assured the public that
this session will be short, con-
Sclentious and productive. They
couldn't promise harmony and.
being human, they couldn't saw
they'd keep politics out of it. In
TACT there were no signs they
even wanted to.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-08-14
THE WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
Rays Of Hope in the Conqo

On Friday, United Nations
Secretary General Dag Ham
marskjOld personally led a van
guard Of United Nations forces
into Katanga, secessiOnist prov
ince Of Strife-tOrn Congo.
If, week ago, the world saw
the only international hopes it has
defied and embarrassed by the
"back-down'S of United Nations
intervention in mineral rich
Katanga Province of Congo, the
tidings were better yesterday.
Incredible, but real" observed
a veteran Swiss diplomat when
Mr.. HammarSkjold, whose travels
recently have been on a commuter
schedule with a global itinerary,
walked from his white U. N. plane
at Elisabethville. Katanga's chief
city, Friday morning to be well
coined by very urbane and smil-
ing President Noise Tshombe.
Only a week ago, Mr.. Tshombe
was openly threatening to greet
u N. forces with Katangan gun
fire.
Five plane-loads of U. N. troops
the first contingent comprised
of 220 Swedish soldiers wearing
the blue nd-white colorS of the
U. N. - followed Mr.. Hammar-
Skjold's plane at 10-minute inter-
walls. They diSembarked and pre-
pared to set up housekeeping,
replacing Belgian paratroopers
who will be evacuated promptly.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-08-14
Eisenhower Program

First. they heard a message
from President Eisenhower. The
President outlined a 2l-bill pro-
gram which he said the Demo-
cratic Congress should enact. 1t
ranged from mutual aid and de-
Tense to civil rights, farm legis-
lation and medical care for the
aged. There was a request for
a new 5000 million authorization
to strengthen Latin American
economic and social fiber. He
asked also Endorsement of a Food
for Peace plan to be laid before
The United Nations in September.
On the controversial question of
whether We are spending enough
on defense, the President said
this Nations strength is second
10 none and he then outlined the
steps which his administration is
taking to keep it so.
We must act together to meet
the current needs, Mr.. Eisenhower
said in his unusually brisk mes
sage. Il am sure that the Con-
gress will be similarly disposed"
The Democratic controlled Sen
ate didn't seem impressed. "A
message calling for action on bills
previously vetoed. and complain
ing about spending after a broad
series of demands is not unex-
pected in an election year." noted
Senator Kennedy.
ITS obvious in this short pc
Rod that we can't enact a pro-
gram that the Administered ton has
been reluctant to enact over a
T2-year period" said Majority
Leader Johnson.
The Senate thereupon-st 5
O'Clock in the afternoon of its
opening day-turned to the first
business at hand. It was the
Antarctic treaty, providing for
Joint international exploration of
the South Polar region. It was
passed later by a vote of Sc to 81.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-08-14
Autonomy Key

Mr.. Tshombe set forth Is con-
ditions on which he would agree
to U. N. intervention. For the
most part, they were designed to
guarantee that Congo's Premier
Patrice Lumumba would gain no
undue advantage in his fight to
institute a strong central Congo
government rather than to accept
a federal structure in which Ka-
tanga and neighboring KaSai
Province would keep a large
measure of autonomy. (See story
by Alick de Montmorency on
Page C-3D
Although by no means settled,
the Congo crisis today has lost
much of the powder-keg quality
it has had for the last two weeks.
Threats of Soviet armed inter-
vention, threats of Ghanan and
Guinean military action, and the
very real possibility of an incred-
IDLY bloody civil war were eased,
If not completely averted, by the
Katangan acceptance of the Sc
curity Councils action and by the
Belgian concurrence.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-08-14
Minimum Wage

Then came another subject close
to both Republican and Democratic
thinking in an election year: an
increase in the minimum wage.
Senator Kennedy was the author
OF the Democrats bill which would
increase the wage from 81 an hour
to SIPS. The administrations idea
is that it should be increased to
only $1.15. The House has passed
a bill with the $1.15 figure.
The Senator was the lead speaker
for his own measure. He had a
2,000-word prepared statement but
he read only few sentences of it
before he took off on his own
impromptu-best Typical of his
ideas on the subject:
Conscience and good business
sense join in demanding the enact
ment of this measure. The bill
will extend to the lowest paid
workers in the country-to 3l2
million men and women and their
families-a fairer opportunity to
share our high standard of living.
To pass them by-to water down
the help they need-or merely
assume that prosperity at the top
will some day reach them-shocks
the conscience of those who care"
Quickly the Republicans brought
out their main speaker against the
bill: Senator Goldwater of Arr
IONA. leader of the party's con-
sentative wing. Already the target
of organized labor, he had little to
lose.
His argument went along the
line that approval of the measure
would have serious consequences
on the economic welfare of smaller
communities and would, as a mat
ter of fact, eliminate 500 900 jobs,
mainly in retailing. Federal regu-
lation of wages raises prices and
adds to inflationary pressures, he
declared.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-08-14
THE SCIENTIFIC AGE
Two Major Space Feots

aries were not limited to the ter
restrial sphere he inhabits.
There are two incredibly diff
cult problems involved in thesre-
covery of the nose capsules of
space vehicles. The first. re-entry
into the earths atmosphere at
tremendous speeds, involved the
ability of the capsule and its living
contents to withstand the terrific
heat resulting from atmospheric
friction on re-entry. The second
problem is that of locating the
nose cone: Like trying to locate
a WaShtub In an area the size OF
Maryland" wrote William Hines,
The Stars science writer, after the
triumph Thursday.
Flushed with sense of victory
after so many abortive and ex-
pensive tires, the Air Force quickly
announced plans to take a whack
at DiScoverer XIV perhaps this
week, and in about month to
try DiScoverer XIV, which will carry
a paSsenger-an 8-pound spider
monkey.
Money a Major Element
Gen. Schriever. UNDERSTANDABLE
elated. told reporters that the sue
cess of DiScoverer XIII was, he
was certain. aScribable to the fact
that he had abandoned a fancy
billfold someone had given him.
Each DiScoverer attempt failed at
recovery, he averred, until he
threw away the billfold and re-
adopted his old money-clip.
The general might have
point there Money, hard and cold
and plentiful. appears to be
major fuel in the space project.
But the rewards of success promise
to be almost as infinite as the
space aStronauts seek to conquer.
Project Echo" the great balloon
satellite, is of moment chiefly as
a harbinger of worldwide COM
municationS, such as telephone
and television, on a scale hereto
fore unknown. The i'm me nSe
sphere, in orbit indefinitely, can
perform as reflector" for bounc-
ing radio signals and radio-tele-
phone messages from or to any
point on the earth.
Echo was spun into orbit by
ThorDelta three stage rocket.
1t will be visible, brighter than the
North Star. to earthbound OBJ
servers as it circles the earth on
schedule still to be established
by scientists Of the National Aero
nautics and Space Administration
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-08-14

to carry out the four major pro-
visions in the 6. o. P.'s party plat
form. 1t included the two provi-
Sions Of the Dirksen bill and two
others: authorization for the At
torney General to bring action for
desegregation of schools where
coercion was used to deprive an
individual of his rights and for
acceptance of Six-grade educa-
ton as sufficient proof of literacy
for voting in Federal elections.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-08-14

United States spacemen and
missilemen were justly proud of
one-two punch last week. Phil
oSophically accustomed to taking
the bitter with the sweet in the
inevitable ratio of failures to sue
cesses, they were happily able, on
Friday, to boast of two major
featS
Probably more important of the
two was the recovery, intact, of an
Instrumental nose capsule from
an orbited satellite. The Lucky
49," plucked from the cold waters
of the Northern Pacific by an Air
Force helicopter, was the first
successful recovery in Is tries. Its
significance lies in its effect on the
l-advanced plans to put a man
into space, perhaps as early as
next year.
The second success was the Or
biting of 100-foot plastic balloon,
as high as a 10-story building.
which will serve indefinitely as a
space communications center.
-Four hours after the launching,
the huge sphere was bouncing, loud
and clear, a message from Presi-
dent Eisenhower:
1T is a great personal satisfac-
ton to participate in this first
experiment in communication in
volving the use of a satellite bal
loon known as Echo q. the satel-
lite balloon which has reflected
these words may be used freely by
any nation for similar expert
ments in its own interests"
"A Reel Milestone
The very rewarding first" in
volved in the recovery of the nose
capsule of Discoverer XIII was, in
the delighted phrase of 1t. Gen.
Bernard Schriever, head of Air
Force research and development,
"a real milestone" in the almost
frantic, always extra urgent race
to conquer the challenges of outer
space.
Ever since the Notwithstanding
orbiting of Sputnik I by the Soviet
Union in October, 1857, it has been
demonstrated that space tech
nology was capable of sending
man into space. The big problem
was in getting him back.
The Russians orbited, and re-
covered, several dogs. The Ameri-
cans dispatched pair of be-
wildered monkeys into the blue
black resesses of the vestibule of
the universe, and brought them
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-08-14
Action in u. N.

The U. N. Security Council on
Tuesday. after a near-record de-
bate which was climaxed by vote
at 4:01 am. Q2 hours and S
minutes of continuous session, ex-
ceeded only by the 1856 debate on
the Hungarian revolt and the
Suez crisis, the Council called on
Belgium to withdraw, forthwith,
her armed forces from Katanga.
The Belgians promptly signified
their willingness to comply. But
Brussels was bitter and aggrieved.
and responsible official quarters
let it be known that the Belgian
contribution to the U. N. was
going to be studied" Interven-
ton in the violence ridden, newly
independent Congo, Belgians said,
was not an attempt to continue
the old colonialiSm but a neces-
sary move to protect European
lives from the uncontrolled fury
Of mutinous Congolese troops and
unrestrained tribal warfare.
Mr.. Hammarskjold's often
demonstrated genius for effecting
the happy compromise served
him well once again in the Ka-
tangan crisis. He was able to
convince Mr.. Tshombe and the
Belgian mining interests who
back his seceSsionist movement
that the U. N. forces would take
no part in the political questions
of the Congo and Katangan sepa-
ratiSm.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-08-14
The Test Bdn:
Departure

James J. WadswOrth, chief
United States delegate at the
Geneva conference on a nuclear
test ban, left Friday to return
to the United States. The Ma
tiOnal Security Council mean
while decided to continue the
talks for the present.
There have been 242 formal ses-
sions of the Geneva conference
on nuclear testing since the rep
resentatives Of three nations
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-08-14
In the Future

Congos future remains clouded
and possibly dangerous. The
prospects of creating an orderly
state from a hodge-podge of hos
tile tribes long accustomed to the
absolute rule of rigid colonial
system are not encouraging. There
is as yet no sense of Congolese ma
tionalism as such among the dis
sident political, tribal and regional
factions fighting each other for
dominance of the new nation.
Premier Lumumba, back in
Leopoldville after a tour of the
United States and African nations,
was stoned in his car by a mob
demonstrating for a Congo feder-
alton. Among his first acts after
his return to the capital Tuesday,
he called the Congolese army to
full-time duty and declared a
state of emergency.
And the last formal link be-
tween Belgium and her wealthy,
long-held African colony was
broken Tuesday when AmbaSsa-
dor Jean van den Bosch, escorted
by a U. N. guard of Ghana SOL
diers, left his embassy amid jeers
and catcalls and crossed the Con-
go River for sanctuary in Brazza-
vile, capital of the former French
Congo. which itself will proclaim
it's independence this Wednesday.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-08-14

A Thor DeIto rocket going up at
Cope ConoveroI carrying in its
nose q sphere which is to be
inflated into the new giant COM
municotions balloon.
back safely. But Project Mer-
curry" in which the United States
hopes to send a pioneer astronaut
off into the infinite next year,
depended on the proved ability to
recover the instrument-packed
capsule in which the first volun-
teer would attempt to prove to
the world that markings bound
Evening star., 1960-02-28

water. The beasts and birds of prey were provided
with apartments large enough to allow of their
moving about, and secured by a strong lattice
work, through which light and air were freely
admitted
Extensive gardens were spread out around the
buildings. They were filled with fragrant shrubs
and flowers, and with various medicinal plants, the
virtues of which were perfectly understood by the
Aztecs. Fountains of pure water sparkled amidst
this labyrinth of sweetscented groves and shrubs.
Light and fanciful paviions, overlooking pools of
limpid water, provided shelter for the monarch and
his mistresses in the sultry heat of the Mexican
summer.
But the most luxurious residence of the Aztec
monarch was the royal hill of Chapultepec, conse-
Grated by the ashes of his ancestors. 1t stood
of the capital, surrounded by the waters of the
Tezcuco River. On its lofty crest of red-purple
rock, there stands the magnificent, though
desolate, castle, erected by the young viceroy
Calvez, at the close of the 18th century The view
from its windows is one of the finest in Mexico
and Montezumas gardens stretched for miles
around the base of the hill Even today they are
still shaded by gigantic expresses, more than so
feet in circumference; which were centuries old at
the time of the Conquest.
7 N nc oomcSuC Establishment OF M0ntczuma
Il on the same scale of barbaric splendor as
everything else about him. He could boast as
many wives as were found in the harem of an
Eastern sultan. These were lodged in apartments,
provided with every accommodation for personal
comfort and cleanliness. They passed their hours
in weaving and embroidery and especially in the
graceful featherwork, for which materials were
furnished by the royal aviaries.
They conducted themselves with strict decorum,
under the supervision of aged females, who acted
in the capacity of duennas. The palace was sup
piled with numerous baths, and Montezuma him.
self set the example of frequent ablutons. He
bathed at least once, and changed his dress four
times every day. He never put on the same dress
for a second time but gave it away to his attend
ants. Not even his contemporary - Elizabeth |,
could afford such costly habits.
His meals the Emperor took alone. The we'll
matted floor of large saloon was covered with
hundreds of Dishes kept hot over the fame. The
royal bill of fare included game from the distant
forests and fish - Continued on ne1t page