davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-07-06

That was when he strained
a muscle high in one leg. He
assured the Moscow caller that
it was only a soreness that
would go away after a week s
rest.
Then. after some personal
questions, the Moscow caller
aSked-did John know any
Russian jumpers. And John
said he did, he has seen one
in a Russian-United States
meet in Philadelphia.
DO you have any suggestion
to help them improve their
jumping?" the caller asked.
The Boston youth said, mo"
And he explained this was be-
cause he was not familiar with
the Russians styles.
Then John asked a question
about Russian high jumping
this spring, and the Moscow
writer said one had done seven
feet.
WAS that the 7 feet "a inch
jump" John asked.
yes" the Moscow caller re-
piled. How did you know
about that?"
The Boston student ex-
planned track and field pubn-
cations here had carried the
statistics.
do you have any statement
for Russian athletes?" his
caller asked. John replied that
any success he has achieved
must be attributed to a lot OF
practice, and good coaching.
Evening star., 1960-07-06
Lewis, Hawkins
Signed by Colts

BALTIMORE, July 6 (AP).-
The Baltimore Colts announced
today that Halfback Hal Lewis
and Alex Hawkins have signed
for the 1860 season.
Lewis, former University of
Houston star, was used mainly
on the punt and kickoff teams
in 1859. On offense, he caught
three passes for SO yards.
Evening star., 1960-07-06
Canoe Club to Give
Water Safety Show

A water safety demonstra-
tion will be given by the Coast
Guard and the Red Cross at 8
pm. tomorrow at the Washing
ton Canoe Club.
Also scheduled is a war canoe
race between two boats COM
posed of Williamsburg Junior
High School students. Movies
promoting water safety will be
shown after the race.
Evening star., 1960-07-06
Shenandoah
Scratches

HOLLY Anne, Burning Life, Live
My Love. Bosfinal
2-Patuxent, Alaska Star, Three O.,
Mr.. l. @.
esquire Jack, Tiller Ep, Eek
Heart, Lidern.
4-vaceil, Nandi Devi. Miss Dix,
Linda x.
5-Jolly Rhymer, Beste Halls, Wayne
Rock, Most
6-Night Bride, Sugar Pie, Bunky
Boy, Precious One.
Top Union, ouibit, Darbin, Star
Orbit, Plena, Burrway Prince
8-Henry s. H., Monika, Like His
Dad, Six Two Even.
Coach Line, Beau Rocks, NADIA
lena, Come on Fred.
Evening star., 1960-07-06
SHENANDOAH
RESULTS

FIRST RACE Purse, $1,000; 4 fur
longs. Time, l:15.
Dafs Gal French) 1900 40 800
Cave DwelleT (ServisD $40 2.4O
Nautical 1--WE (Espinosa) 800
Desborough, Shah Pet, Templeton
Pass, Margaret Jane. Risky N Smart,
FL Grande, Joe Bailey.
SECOND RACE-Purse. S1,OUO; s
furlonss. Time, l;15zs;
Powder Blue tEspinosal $40 3.2O
Flying Package (Pinden) 1920
Cinnamon, Gunny Sack, Bysnlp,
Rock Marie. Yew Spring, Frisky Gloria,
Possess.
DAILY DOUBLE (s-3 $500
THIRD RAcE-Pudse. s1,oOU; 6h
WadoSe tArsuini! 1880 5.3o $50
His Bid (ESpinosa) 100
Brother Handy, Good Scholar; Col
ony Flyer, Monoma.. Grace Yonoer,
Shy Eagle, Sweet Thing.
FOURTH RAcE-Purse. $1,000; ga
furlongs. Time, O.41H.
Heat Flame (G'della) 1880 $40 400
MARYLAND Bay tPheIpsl 400 $50
Purple Haze tDeCiecoD 40
Grey Wisp, Norreen v, Harriet O.,
Tee Gee.
FIFTH RAcE-Purse, $1,000; 5Ia
turlongs. Time, LOTS.
Gramoud Pappas) ago 3 so
daPaper Boss (Signer) 500
Easter Quiz, Hill Maid, Jean Ann H,
Docsena, No Tomorrow, Texas Token,
Blue Toes, dpWon, disqualified and
SIXTH RACE-Purse, $1,000; 5h
furlongs. Time l:O72s.
Iedken tWeakleyl 1890 $50 $50
BelcOma, Brown jug. ROMANCE, Cor, cor
fel. My, Hour, One Tear, Genesee Mist
Total wsgered in pic-six bonanza
SEVENTH RAcE-Purse. $1,000;
Set EN- 1Pn up Biamonte nnnS S'SO 11.sS IS dS i.dS
Chanting Lady brandy l.9O
Black Blink, Spring Training, Con-
duct Code, Tony's Son.
EIGHTH RAcE-Purse. s1,1oO; Il.
miles. Time 1:4S3S.
King Tar WasiD i.6O 300 $50
Main Line Joe tG'm'deIla) 800 $40
Two Star Final tPalumbo) 800
Mystic Sword, Young Howley, Addie K.
NINTH RAcE-Purse, $1,000; II.
miles. Time, :4SIs.
Loud Applause (PaI.5 1920 500 400
Double Indemnity tServis) 1I."O $50
Head Dancer, Hish Jinks. Hylo Son Son
Gabrielle, Twilight Mist.
40 Attendance, S,305; mutuel handle.
Evening star., 1960-07-06
TWO CLICK ON BIG BONANZA
&,42 Poyoff Awaits
Shenandoah Bettor

each received a $44 payoff, or
one share of the Little Bo-
nanza" which represented 80
per cent of the total handle on
the six races.
General Manager Bob Lea
witt was highly pleased with
the success Of his new gimmick
and predicted that it would
grow in popularity.
There were no complaints
about the operation carried out
by George Pottinger and his
crew of tabulators.
The pick six operation ap-
parently had little effect either
on the daily double pool or
the total mutual pool, both
of which were termed salts
factory by Shenandoah off,
cials.
A total of 1854 was wa
gered in the daily double pool,
while the total for the nine
races reached $244,936.
The daily double payof, rep
resented by Dal's Gal (Sl0)
in the first race and Gioconda
($10.60) in the second, was
$500. The winning numbers
were 3-3.
The winners of the last six
races in order we're: Heat
Flame. 1880; Wink Proof
$26.20; Tedken, SIS; Achsah
Ann, $3.50; King Tar, $3.50
and Loud Applause, 5000.
There were no scratches ir
the races which figured in the
big Bonanza" but there was
a disqualification in the fifth
race.
Charles T. Dukes Paper
Boss, ridden by Ward Sigler
finished first but was disquali.
fled for interfering with Will
liam Fillman's Gramoud, who
finished third.
Paper Boss was moved Out
of the winning spot and placed
third with Wink Proof moved
up from second to first, and
Gramoud from third to second
Evening star., 1960-07-06
RACE TRACKS
Continued From Page D-1

NOutlHucu rTOm rage D-1
also because facilities in those
States are so superior.
Several of our places are not
fit for dogs" he said.
The commissioners also came
out for an experiment of night
racing for thoroughbreds, pre-
sumably by Marlboro and
Timonium. Livie said he per-
sonally felt the States four
harness tracks ought to be con-
solidated into one, with a sin
gle 24-day meeting.
At that point, a member of
the Legislative Committee, Del
egate Marvin Mandel, Demo-
crat of Baltimore, fifth, said
the Maryland public doesn't
have confidence in trotting in
Maryland" because purses are
so small a horseman can't af-
ford to keep a large and active
stable.
Evening star., 1960-07-06
Sword Dancer
Drops Out Of
Monmouth

NEW YORK, July 6 (AP).-
The Monmouth Park Secretary's
office kept watch on the mail
box today for possible supple
mentary nominations for the
500, 0,000-added mou t h
Handicap to be run July 16.
Regular nominations closed
July at a fee of $3.50. and the
list included the Cain Hoy Sta
ble'S Bald Eagle, Brookmeade
Stables Sword Dancer, who
won the race last year; c. T.
Chenery'S First Landing and ].
E. O'Connell's Celtic Ash, win
ner of the Belmont Stakes.
Supplementary nominations
at $500 may be made until
midnight.
There was one development
today. as Trainer Elliott Burch
said Sword Dancer, the winner
of Mondays $108,000 Suburban
Handicap at Aqueduct, would
rest up until the $100,000-added
Brooklyn Handicap at the same
track July 80. Sword Dancer
voted 1859 Horse of the Year,
was a 3-year-old last season
and beat older horses in the
Monmouth and other handi-
caps.
"The Monmouth Handicap is
too soon after the Suburban for
Sword Dancer" Burch said. /
found out last year he had to
have more rest between those
tough races"
Trainer Tom Barry may de-
eide that with Sword Dancer
missing, he might start Celtic
Ash in the Ia mile Monmouth.
Celtic Ash is at the Oceanport
IN. j. track, and hasn't started
since winning the Belmont
June IL.
Evening star., 1960-07-06
SHENANDOAH
SELECTIONS

Oak
Petrose, Alaska Star, March
Jackson, Christie Lee, Piper S
Song.
Bob, Nandi Devi, Tiger
yeranna.
Order, Maurice s. s., Night
-Top Union, gahati, Burway Prince
IKE MS Dad Point Lee, Henry s.
Thell. High Kevin. Ann
'EST BET-ToP UNIoN-7th RACE
Evening star., 1960-07-06
RACING
RESULTS
Delaware

FIRST RACE-Purse, $4,000: claim
ing; 3 and 4 year olds; 8 furlongs.
True Bob CNelsOn) $50 $40 3.40
Prim Haste (Gonzalezl $50 7.20
Work of Art ii Con $50
Texas Serenade, Ritchie May, Ski
Jump, Pay the Fiddler, Jack Hash,
Breakable, Northward Bound, Allah
gem, Scotch Tweed. Time, 1:123s.
Evening star., 1960-07-06
Aqueduct
By the Associated Press

oy tne AsSoClateo FIeSS
FIRST RACE-Purse. $500; claim
ing; 3-year-olds; z furlongs
Battle Empress (B'd) 1900 100 $50
Light COurtin' (C'besD $50 2.6O
Gerty ". (StOvalD I.3O
White Gloves, Pelf, Pontoon, Mid
Evening, Regal Song, Ruthie Dear,
Swing Fever. Time, 1:26B.
SECOND RACE-Purse, S3,5OO:
Drops OF Brandy (COle $50 d.2O $50
Einar (Guerinl 800 $40
Doc Morton (BOland) 800
Stay Out, Outer Marker, Ammuni-
ton, Odle Threats, Walron, Big j., Big
Tent. Time, l:41.
DAILY DOUBLE, PAID $47.6O
Evening star., 1960-07-06
SEVENTH RAcE-Pure, $4soo Mosse B. g. Hondieup Series
il No. a. 3-yeor-oIds and up; " miles
EIGHTH RAcEPuns. $s5oo eumins tssoOo); 4yeuods

SApprsnties Gllewanes cloimsd.
Evening star., 1960-07-06
GRADED HANDICAPS
AT SHENANDOAH

entry.
p. Jackson entry.
Evening star., 1960-07-06

FOURTH RAcE-Purse. $1,000; 3Ia
furlongs. Time, 0.41B.
Heat Flame (G'della) 1880 $40 400
Maryland Bay (Phelps) 400 3.2O
Purple Haze (DeCieco) 40
Grey Wisp, Norreen ", Harriet o.,
Lees Magic Marketer, Tozkatan, Wee
Tee Gee.
Evening star., 1960-07-06

- SEVENTH, RACE = Purse. $1,000;
furlongs. ~N' "|@
9 Bahati (Psrent) - ia Al
l0 Top Union CPalumbo) ll9 Al
y Poor shahs Dish (Fr'chl l09 81
. Parti Quiz CRivera) 1I6 81
Eugene Boy (Brandt) III ST
Evening star., 1960-07-06

SEVENTH RACE-Purse, $1,000; q
furlongs. Time, I:133s.
Achsah Ann CapeD $50 $40 2.6O
Set EN- Up tBiamOnte) 1I.6O 4 40
Chanting Lady brandy l9O
Black Blink, Spring Training, Con-
duct Code, Tony's Son.
Evening star., 1960-07-06

THIRD RACE-Pudse, 81 600; 6h
furlongs. Time :0S.
Wadobe (ArduiniD 1880 7.2O 4.8O
Bristol B. Brand ESQ $50
His Bid (ESpinosa) 100
Brother Handy, Good Scholar: Col
ony Flyer, Monoma. Grace Yonoer,
Shy Eagle, Sweet Thing.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-07-22
JOHN F. KENNEDY:
Massachusetts Senator
Has S~torybook Career

gressionsl District Of Mass.
achusetts.
He held his House set un-
til 1852 when he defeated in
cumbenf Sen. Henry Cabot
Lodge and became the third
Democrat ever to be elected
to the Senate from Massschu-
sets.
In 1856, Sen. Kennedy
sought the Democratic Party's
vice presidential nomination.
He lost TO Sen. Estes Kefsuv-
er OF Tennessee by 201z vot-
es. The nominee was Adlai
Stevenson, who lost 20 Presi-
dent Eisenhower.
In 1858. he won reelection
to the Senate by a margin of
$40, 600 votes, the largest ever
accorded a candidate for Of
flee in either party in Massa-
chusetts. He carried every
city and county.
In THE SENATE. the
Massachusetts legislator serv-
ed on the Foreign Relations
Committee, the Labor and
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-07-22

tlement was successfully e.
tablished.
WRANcLlNG already had
broken out among the Puri.
tans in America and non-con.
formists were expelled from
the Massachusetts Bay Colo
ny. These and others found a
haven on Chesapeake Bay
Rather than lsboring under
restrictions. some Of these
exilss actually were protect
ed from Catholic aggression.
In the first years two heavy
fines were exacted from Cath
olic settlers who had violated
the freedom guaranteed to
Protestants.
The sanctuary of Catholics
became the refuge Of dissent
ers among the Puritsns. Too
soon ii was the Catholics who
were TO suffer from this char
liable hospitality.
The COLONY had prospered
during the Is years that Leon
ard Calvert was governor. At
his death. however. non-Cath.
olics far outnumbered the
faithful and Lord Baltimore
was forced TO appoint a
Protestant governor.
In 1649 the MARYLAND As
sembly passed its justly re-
nowned federation Act. This
celebrated statute provided
for religious freedom for ev-
cry Christian, Catholics may
take everlasting pride that a
commencement of religious
freedom in the United States
originated from the faithful
in the colony of Maryland.
DissEkTERs of every vari-
ETY.. therefore. had full rights
with the Catholic founders.
Soon the givers were to be
excluded from the enjoyment
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-07-22

Sen. John F. Kennedy
of Massachusetts,, legisla-
tor and author, is the first
Catholic to seek the pres
idential nomination of a
major party since the late Al
fred Smith, Governor of New
York, was nominated by the
Democratic party in 1928.
The Senator. the second
eldest Of nine children Of JOS
eph P. Kennedy. one-time
Ambassador 10 Great Britain,
was born on May %, 1917. He
attended public schools In
Brookline, Mass, the Choate
School and Harvard Uniyer-
sity, from which he was grad
uated with honors in 1910.
ne ENTERED the NAVY in
194l, serving as a PIT boat
commander in the South Pa
cific during Worli War II. He
was decorated twice by the
Navy for serious injuries suf-
fered when his boat was RAM
med while attacking a Japan
csc destroyer during a night
action in the Solomons.
He was cited for his cour-
age. endurance and excellent
leadership in towing injured
members of his crew to safety
and directing them through
Japanese lines after nine
days. In March. 1945, he was
retired for injuries by the
Navy.
Mr.. Kennedy entered poll
tics in 1916 when he was cleo
red to the House of Repre-
sentatives from the 18th Con-
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-07-22
CnH0usN AECl
Catholics Tried To Flee From Bigotry In 10th Century

James knighted him and be-
slowed a large estate in Ire
land.
All this royal preferment
Lord Baltimore he title
which had come to Calvert
risked in order to embrace
the Catholic Faith. Fortu-
nately the friendship of the
King was retained. Calvert,
however, resigned as Secre-
tary of State because he could
no more take the oath Of of
flee than one of the early
Catholics could offer incense
before a statue of the Roman
Emperor.
In 1927 Calvert sailed with
Catholic and Protestant colo
nists for Newfoundland. Ear
ly in 1929 Lady Baltimore and
their children followed. New
foundland was considered at
tractive because of being clos
er to Europe and of the
same latitude, but the eli
mate proved too rigorous for
the colony TO endure.
Going southwark, Baltimore
was brusouely refused admis-
sion to Virginia because of
his religion. To return TO Eng
land for a second attempt was
his only hope.
James | had died but his
son, Charles. was equally
friendly to the Calverts. To
Lord Baltimore the King
granted a charter for settle
ment on both sides of Chess-
peake Bay, stipulating that
the colony was TO be named
Maryland after Henrietta Ma
RE. the French Catholic who
was his Queen.
PERHAPS WORN OUT by
his exertions overseas, Lord
Baltimore died at this very
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-07-22
O'CONOR WAS CANDIDATE:
Jack Kennedy Third
h To Win Nod

of New York City, where he
was born in 1904, he was the
son of an Irish immigrant. He
became a prominent attorney
and won many famous cases.
Mr.. O'Conor, though not OPP
posed to slavery, was a firm
believer in states rights. In
January, 1861, he presided
over the so-called Pine
Street Meeting" in an effort
to dissuade the South from
secession. He disapproved of
the use of armed force to CO.
cree rebellious states. AT the
end of the Civil War he be-
came, with Horace Greeley
and others, one OF the sure
ties on the bond Of Confed-
crate President Jefferson Ds-
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-07-22

Wis. He acted as his senior
counsel when he was charged
with treason.
HIS sYMPATHIEs for the
South were perhaps the cause
of his nomination for the
presidency, when a group of
Democrats - repudisting the
action of the National Demo
cratic Convention at Balti-
more. in June. 1872-held an
other convention at Louis
vile. in September. They
nominated O'Conor for Pres
dent and John Quincy Adams
of Massachusetts for Vice
President. Both men were
also selected by the Labor
Reform party when their
ORIGINAL nominees declined to
run.
Although O'Conor refused
to be a candidate ard did not
take part in the campaign,
his name. along with that Of
Adams. appeared on the bal
lot as the Straieht-0ut Demo
cratic ticket. Greeley and B.
Grstz Brown were the nomi-
nees of the other Democrats
and also the Liberal Repub-
licans. At the election of Nov.
5. 1872. Charles O'Cnnor re-
ceived % 489 votes. The reg
ular Republican ticket of Gen.
ULYSSES S. Grant ard Henry
Wilson won the election with
S.597.132 votes.
Although anti-Catholic feel
ing existed at the time. there
was no open opposition to
O'Conor because of his relig-
ion. A minority candidate. on
an insureent ticket, his chanc-
es of winning were not serl-
ously considered. He retired
from public life in 1881, and
died in Nantucket, Mass, in
1884.
IT WAS MORE than a half
century later before another
Catholic appeared on a presi-
dental ballot as candidate for
President of the United
States. He was New York's
Gov. Alfred Smith. nominal
ed at the Democratic conven-
ton in Houston. Tex, in 1928.
AT the previous convention,
in New York in 1924. he lost
the nomination to John w.
Davis on the 103rd ballot.
At the 1923 convention, and
in the campaign which fol-
lowed, there was strong OPP
position to him, especially
among Southerners. because
of his Catholic religion. Some
even threatened to bolt the
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-07-22

word or deed TO those not of
the Faith. Such caution was
wise.
Once the project had be
come known violent protests
spewed forth. Those oppos-
ing the sailing openly decIar-
ed the feryor Of Protestants
would disappear il there we're
no Catholics in England 10
hunt down. II wry humor be
permitted. the faithful then
might be compared to a dog
track where without the cleo
trio rabbit the hounds would
cease TO run.
BUT CECIL CALVERT was
as sturdy and unyielding az
his father. Despite rantings
and threats the Ark and the
Dove bravely sailed forth and
the perilous voyage across the
Atlantic was completed sue
cessfully. The first Mass in
the Maryland colony was
celebrated by Father Andrew
White on the Feast of the
Annunciation. 1884.
Lord Baltimore appointed
his brother, Leonard. Cover
nor of the colony. Friendly
relations were establ j S b g d
with the Indians and it was
not from the red men that
attacks came.
Armed forays were made
against the new settlement
by neighboring Virgin ans.
Dangerous though these were,
ii was from within that the
greater danger era dua1ly
arose.
Maryland was intended to
be a Catholic refuge but. as
has been noted, immigration
to the colony was not limited
to the faithful. Nor was
there any restriction once set
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-07-22
Denis Platform Outlines 49,.

Continued from page II
migration as contradictory to
the founding principles OF
the US. This system was
instituted after World War |
as a policy of deliberate dis
elimination" it states.
The plank also asserts:
1.-THE revision Of immigration
and nationality laws We seek
will |implement our belief that
e1'~''ened immigration, ma
turalization and refugee poll
CTS ed humane administra.
ton of them are important
asnects of our foreign
policy" 1t adds that "there
is no place in the United
States for second class citi.
zenShip.'
IN THE FIELD OF EDucA.
TON, the Democrats pledge:
"As a national investment in
our future We propose a pro-
gram of loans and scholar
ship grants to assure that
qualified young Americans
will have full opportunity for
higher education, at the in.
stitutions Of their choice. re-
gardless of the income of
their parents"
The plank says that Ameri-
can education faces a tinan-
cial crisis, and that classroom
shortage alone is interfering
with the education of 10 mil
lion students. 1t acknowledges
that teachers, parents. school
officials, the states and COM
munities are battling brave
ly against the problem while
the Federal government is
dragging its heels.
with limited resources,
private educational institu-
lions have shouldered their
share of the burden" the
plank states. 1t also says: I'VE
believe that America can
meet its educational obliga-
tons only with generous Fed
eral financial support. with
in the traditional framework
of local control" It calls for
Federal grants 10 states for
classrooms, teachers salaries
and other pressing education
al needs.
Sweeping changes il civil
rights were advocated by the
Democrats.
THEIR PLANK IN THIS
FIELD state: we believe
that every school district af-
fected by the (U.S.) Supreme
Courts school deseoregation
decision should submit a plan
providing for at least first
stem compliance hv 1853. the
Tooth anniversary of the
Emancipation Proclamation"
The plank calls for a
permanent commission on
civil rights with brosdened
powers, an end to discrimina-
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-07-22

Public Welfare Committee,
the JOINT Economic Commit
tee and the Select COMMITTEES
10 Investigate Improper Actl-
vtles in the Labor or Nam
agement Field. His brother.
Robert, now his campaign
manager, was counsel for the
Select Committee.
Sen. Kennedy is also a Pull
itzer Prize winning author for
his 1856 nonfiction work,
"Profiles in Courage" In
1910. he wrote Why Eng
land Slept and in addition
has written several dozen
magazine articles. HIS 1856
book earned him the Chris
Continued on Page 10
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-07-22

ticket if he received the NOM
ination. Others opposed him
because he was a wet" and
1t was a prohibition era. But
when Franklin d. Roosevelt
hailed him as the Happy
Warrior" and placed his name
in nomination, Gov. Smith
won on the first ballot. us.
Sen. Joseph T. Robinson of
Arkansas was his running
mate in the election which
followed. Smith polled a pop
ular vote of 15.016.4 43, but
lost to the Republican candi.
date, Herbert Hoover, who re-
ceived a vote of 21,392.1 100.
This is the time of year,
warns the Columbus Auto
Club, when the dangerous sit
uation of a f~ast-movlng auto
mobile eneountering a slow
moving farm vehicle is preva-
lent. Drivers are cautioned to
reduce speed on hills and
curves where sight distance
is restricted.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-07-22

AS early as 1888, both as
sponsors and as emigrants.
Catholics participated in an
expedition under Sir Hum
phrey Gilbert. In a disaster
off the coast Of Maine immi-
grants persisted together with
Catholic hopes of an Ameri-
can refuge. While q few Of
the faithful participated in
other ventures, the failure of
these attempts caused the
10th century to pass with no
settlement for them opened
in the New World.
NOT ONE of the old Cath
Ollie antilles, but a convert,
furnished the means and the
leadership of the first and on
ly successful Catholic settle
ment. AS a graduate of Ok
ford, it was after James / had
sue C e d d Elizabeth that
George Calvert returned from
a tour of the continent.
From James Catholics had
hoped for liberation because
of his own Catholic back
ground. But to further his
own ambitions, James had ac-
guessed in the execution of
his mother, the romantic
Mary Stuart. Any considera-
ton he may have entertained
for the expectantly eager
Catholics vanished from the
moment of the discovery Of
the unfortunate Gunpowder
Plot to blow up the King and
Parliament.
GEORGE CALVERT al
ready was high in the favor
of the King. Like ST. Paul, he
then participated in the per-
secution of the Catholics he
later joined. He was promot-
ed to Secretary of State; in
appreciation of his service