davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-02-06

les, and scientists to Ghana for
conferences and other occasions
since independence in 1857.
However, despite Ghana Prime
Minister Kwame Nkrumah's de-
clared stance of non-alignment be-
tween Western and Communist
worlds, he nevertheless has ap-
peared to hold the Soviets at arms
length and privately gives the i'm
preston that many of his sympa-
thies lie with the West.
Meanwhile, the Soviet state pub
fishing house repeatedly is adding
assorted volumes of Africa to its
list of publications and various die
tionaries to African languages are
in course of preparation within the
Soviet Union.
Communist interest in Africa
does not stem only from the Soviet
Union. Prague Radio has started
daily broadcasts to Africa and j,
was the controversial gift of Gee
choslovakian arms to the West
African state of Guinea which per.
haps did more than anything tC
underline Guinea's involvement
with Communist powers.
Guinea has bartered many of its
exports and signed a variety Of
agreements with Communist lands
but its President Sekou Toure holds
firmly to this argument that Gui.
nea is uncommitted in foreign at
fairs and that Communist coun'
tries simply were the first to come
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-02-06
UAW-Won
Pensions Paid

Detroit-Marking a decade since
the historic pension breakthrough
in the Ford negotiations, the, Auto
Workers reported that 115,2OO
members in the auto industry thus
far have retired on company-paid
pensions averaging $50 month.
Of the retirees in the auto, agri-
cultural implement, aircraft a n d
feeder plant industries, a total of
$4,000 are living. The monthly rate
Of retirement is almost 1000 the
JAW said.
In its year-end report, the JAW
Social Security Dept. said company
paid pensions total nearly Sc mil
lior monthly to members on nor
NAL. early and disability retire
ment.
The JAW said that before the
1949 Ford negotiations, the indus
trial worker could expect only 500
a month in federal social security
for himself and his wife.
The average JAW retires today
has Is years of credited service
which entities him to $50 monthly
from the union-won pension fund.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-02-06
<AfAKire<5oVl
WITH BILLY GRAHAM m AFRICA
BY TOM MeAAN Religion Editor, The State, Columbia C.

Monrovia, Liberia-The opening
crusade of Billy Graham's African
Tour came nearer being an official
project of the national government
than any other campaign the globe
trotting evangelist has ever held.
Graham came to this 113 year
old West African Republic which
was founded by freed men from
America, at the official invitation
of President William V. S. Tub
man who has just begun an aus
picious and unprecedented fourth
term.
Vice President William R. Toll
bert, Jr.. who is also pastor Of a
Baptist Church in his own commu-
nifty, was chairman Of the crusade
committee and many other govern
mental leaders had prominent rolls.
Liberia is probably the most
Christian nation in the world Off
cially speaking from the Protes-
tant point of view. It's declaration
of independence was addressed to
"the nations of Christendom."
Many high officials double as min
| listers. The President himself is a
local preacher in the Methodist
Church. However, Animis is still
prevalent in the interior and it is
estimated that up to $3.50 of the
population is Mohammedan.
Monrovia is a city of contrast
From the government rest house
where the Graham team members
are guests of the President, one
can look out on a luxury hotel al
the foot of the hill which is being
rushed to completion. Liberis
seems to be on the threshold Of a
great surge forward economically
and there is almost no bitterness
because of colonial oppression such
as exists in nearby lands.
The spirit of nationalism which
exists in Africa is manifested here
by the restoration and preservation
Of African culture and the replace
ment of foreigners in key positions
as fast as Liberians become quail
fled to run the jobs.
At luncheon given in honor OF
Graham in the Executive Mansion,
President Tubman said the crusade
had welded churchmen and mission
aries together in an unprecedented
unity.
The Order of African Redemp-
ton, Liberals second highest honor,
was conferred on Graham by Presi-
dent Tubman. The former farm
bow was made Grand Commander
of the Order.
Liberals promise of freedom
was the key consideration in the
location of a missionary radio vii
lage from which the Gospel is
beamed to many lands in many
languages. Station ELWA Of the
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-02-06

In Kenya, however, the division be-
tween whites and Africans has been
underlined clearly by the difficulties and
display of intransigeance which have this
week been confronting a conference in
London on Kenyas constitutional future.
The reconciliation of these diverse
views and characters within a Common
wealth which he hopes can withstand
the strains of nationalism as diverse as
those of Ghana and South Africa now is
the principal colonial problem before
Mr. Macmillan's administration. Attempts
to resolve it must take place against a
background of increasing African power
and influence and the inevitability Of
rule by black Africans throughout most
of this continent.
Recognition of this fact is behind
mounting world attention to Africa. That
is why "Mr. Dag" ate his Christmas din
ner in the tropics and "Mr. Mac" 10
taking home new hat.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-02-06
TougaIoo Alumni
Plan Winter
Carnival Ball

Coming soon will be the Winter
Carnival Ball being sponsored by
the Jackson Tougaloo Alumni Club
as one of the top flight affairs of
the current social season.
Competition for "Queen of the
Ball" has settled down to young
ladies from the senior classes of
our three local high schools. Par
ticipating in the contest are the
following young ladies': Miss Ear
line Ammons, 1107 Eastview st.
and Miss Thelma Rankin of 1894
Virgins st. from Jim Hill High
School; Miss Jimmy Gale Ionic,
1905 James Hill St. and Miss Mary
Barnes of 3110 Marion Dunbar St.
from the senior class of Brinkley
High School, and Miss Mary Mack,
BOT w Church st. and Miss Patsy
Harris, 2907 Lilly st. of Lanier
High School.
The club officially approved
these young ladies in its January
meeting which was held in the
home of Mrs. Katie Robinson of
2205 Whitfield Mills Road on last
Sunday, afternoon. H. M. Thomp-
son headed the committee which Sc
lected and screened the participat-
ing personnel.
Miss Jessie Mae Crossley presid-
ed over the club session which al
so approved a theme for the ball
and decided on appropriate cos
tuning for the royal retinue when
it appears on carnival night.
Other members in the meeting
were: Mesdames Maggie B. Dun
son, Connie Nelson, Annie Mae
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-02-06
New eva
Headquarters
Completed

Construction has been completed
on the new $3.5-million, nine-story
international headquarters of the
Communications Workers in down
town Washington.
The unions international offices
occupy the top three floors of the
new structure, where officers, staff
and clerical workers are located,
as well as the ground floor where
mailing, duplicating and storage
facilities are provided. A total of
120 CWA workers occupy the new
quarters.
The remaining five floors of the
building are leased as offices and
stores, with CWAfs Dist. 2 using
one of the offices in the building
as its headquarters.
The building is being financed
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-02-06
Miami eva Members
Blood Brothers
To Ai|ing Child

Miami, Fla. - Members of the
Communication Workers here have
become "blood brothers" to two
year-old boy to insure a continu-
Gus donation Of blood to keep him
alive.
The youngster befriended by the
members of CWA Local 3107 is
little Paul G. David who suffers
from hemophilia-a rare disease in
which the blood does not coagulate
normally. AS result, the child
could bleed to death from the
slightest injury unless he is given
whole blood Immediately.
Pauls plight was first brought
to the locals attention by one OF
its memberships. George Klele, a
telephone clerk and friend Of the
David family. She told fellow
unionists that the family had al
ready spent more than $1,4OO for
transfusions in the first 20 mon
tbs of the boys life.
The vote to "adopt" Paul as q
blood brother" was unanimous. In
the first drive, 81 pints were do
mated to replace the blood received
from the hospital blood bank. Since
then, Paul has been hospitalized
five times after minor injuries and
has received 26 additional pints OF
blood from the CWA members.
A union spokesman described the
blood brother" program as an
other example of the Community
Service Activities Of CWA men,
bers.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-02-06

Sudan Interior Mission, located on
a beach that resembled coastal
Carolina or Georgia, rushed into
service a new $4,000 watt trans
mitter to extend the impact of the
Graham meetings. Most other
African nations have government
controlled radio, an ELWA execu-
tive noted.
The public meeting of Graham
attracted many of the upper class
as we'll as an unexpected number
of semi-literate people. The first
night audience was estimated at
about $500. Nearly 500 persons
came forward to register decisions
for Christ.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-02-06
See mounting...
CONTINUED from Pag, One)

spheres. It's activities have been
reported in radio programs beam
ed in French and English to Afri-
can audiences by Moscow Radio.
Meanwhile, Moscow Radio dou-
bled its French and English broad
casts to Africa in 1859, and broad
casts by Peking Radio now are re-
ceived clearly on short-wave radios
in various parts of Africa.
The scale of Moscow's reception
of two African heads of state
Guinea's President Sekou Toure
and Ethiopia's Emperor Halle Sc
lassie-also conveyed the impress
sion of special Soviet care and
planning. Soviet officials appear
ed we'll briefed on the particular
African problems of their visitors.
Emperor Selassie, with whom
Soviet Premier Nikita S. Khrush-
chew negotiated personally, came
away from Moscow with $780,
OOO, 900 loan to his country. Presi-
dent Toure had been preceded by a
delegation from his country, which
won a $35, 100000 Soviet loan to
Guinea.
And there were various inter
esting aspects to these visits, such
as the emphasis laid on Emperor
Selassie's visit in Leningrad to the
Museum of Anthropology and Et-
typography. Here were displayed
pictures of the Emepror and his
father, together with Ethiopian
newspapers and an Ethiopian Bible
According to some sources, the
prospect was mooted of a merger
between the Ethiopian Coptie
Church and the Russian Orthodox
Church first suggested in Czarist
days.
All this Soviet interest in Africa
might be part of preceding build
up to an African tour by Mr.
Khrushchev. Reports of such visit
have been circulating for some
while but are not as yet uncon-
firmed. However, observers OF
the African scene are convinced
that it will be only a matter Of
time before Mr.. Khrushchev adds
Africa to the list of other CONT
nents he already has visited.
During Egyptian President Mas.
ser's visit to Moscow in 1868 il
was announced that Mr.. Khrush.
chew had accepted an invitation te
pay a return visit to Cairo, al
though no date was set.
A cooling in relations between
the two countries has perhaps de-
layed the visit, but a return visit
by Mr.. Khrushchev to either ETH.
opia or Guinea, following the visits
to Moscow by these two countries
leaders might be q logical develop.
ment.
From Mr.. Khrushchev's point Of
view a visit to Ghana, currently the
champion Of African nationalisn
and independence, probably would
be good strategy. The Soviet I'm
ion has lost few opportunities fol
sending visiting missions, academ'
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-02-06

Mosley, Margaret Crawford, and
Katie Robinson, Miss Kay Frances
Cooper, Messrs. George H. Beas-
ley, H. E. Briggs, James Rollins,
H. M. Thompson, George A. Owens
and DR.. C. B. Christian. Mesdames
Robinson and Dunson were co-hos-
teses to the group.
Business firms and business men
of the city are cooperating with
this project. through their spon-
sorship of these select young ladies.
To date the following firms and
individuals are secured: Knox APP
pliance Co., Universal Life Insur-
ance Co., Collier & Reed Insurance
Agency; Floyd A. Jones, Manager
of Jackson Apartments; and Paris
Cleaners. Others are being solicit
ed for their assistance.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-02-06

on three-year purchase plan,
with the CWA making a $500, 900
down payment with the balance to
be paid at the rate Of 81 million
a year.
The union held two separate
open house celebrations during
January. The first, on Jan. IL,
was for CWA staff members and
their families. On Jan. Is the un-
ion played host to representatives
of other unions and government
officials. The open house included
a tour of the CWA offices and de-
partments.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-02-06

has included King Baudouin of Belgium
and Britains Duke of Edinburgh.
The point about all this attention is
that Africa, continent cracking with
change, suddenly has gained international
acceptance and importance. Today the
world and its leaders must deal with an
entirely new Africa.
Algerian Resistance
Gone, or fast going, are those days
when European colonial powers ruled
most of Africa and young district COM
missioners with penchant for polo and
month-old copies of the Illustrated Lon
don News administered vast tracts as vir-
. tual monarchS.
Today Africa is more and more con-
tinent of sovereign nonwhite states and
of vibrant young African delegates with
gorgeous robes and unpronounceable
names pounding on the doors of the
United Nations for admission.
African nationalism coursing across
the continent has turned the political
maps upside down. Negro colonial lands
like Ghana, Guinea, and the Cameroons
have joined Liberia, Ethiopia, and the
Sudan, as we'll as North African countries
like Morocco, Tunisia, Libya, the United
Arab Republic, and the white-ruled
Union Of South Africa as sovereign indie
pendent nations.
Throughout African lands still under
colonial rule new developments seem to
burst upon each fresh day like a splatter
of hot popcorn.
In Algeria this week stubborn resist
ance on the part of European settlers
against any substantial changes has led
to a new explosion. 1t remains to be seen
how the conflict between President de
Gaulle's avowed policy of Algerian self
determination and the settlers insistence
on French Algeria" will be resolved.
At the All-African Peoples Conference
meeting in Tunis there was unanimou:
expression of sympathy for at least moral
support for the aspirations of the AL
gerian Moslems. AS long as just peace
is not established in Algeria there always
will be the danger that not only Moroc-
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-02-06
Principal Colonial Problems

This ideal of partnership is important
to Britain, for it has repercussions in
other African territories where white
British mlnorltleS are settled and in
which various conditions prevail. In
Tanganyika, for example, a tiny white
minority is sailing along relatively happy
to future under the authority of
moderate African leader, Julius Nyerere.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-02-06
Russell H. LEM. Chief photographer

most powerful future state with its
35,O00,0 900 people.
Then he has swung to South Africa at
the other extreme, where the government
is pursuing in lonely isolation a policy
of white nationalism out of character
with all that is happening on the African
continent.
In between he has sandwiched the
Rhodesian Federation which aims at
sort of midway racial partnership be-
tween whites and Africans.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-02-06

Some of those interested in the
heath OF Tom Dooley are sug-
costing that he be dug up to see
how he was hung.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-02-06
Dark Continent seethes with
national ferment as Africans
seek to throw off co1onialism.
he eexx
T%N<1k

co and Tunis but also other African
states will feel compelled to come to the
aid of their MoSlem brothers.
If observers have made one major mis-
take in their assessment of African trends
it has been to underestimate the pace of
change Take the Belgian Congo, for
example. A year ago the Congo had no
official prospect of independence whatso-
ever, and Belgian officials would pri-
vately talk daringly of self-rule for the
Congolese perhaps within 80 years.
Target Dates Whitfield
But after dramatic year which saw
the official announcement of ultimate
independence and the whiting down OF
one Belgian target date after another,
nobody is overly surprised that the Con-
golese leaders who have been parleying
this week in Brussels have emerged with
a June 80 target date for Congo self rule.
Elsewhere, in landslide toward self
rule this year, Britains big West African
territory of Nigeria, as well as French
Togoland and Italian Somaliland will
become independent
Probably the Mali Federation of Sene-
gal and the French Sudan will be along,
too, with Madagascar and other French
states hot on Mails heels.
All this means that by the end of this
year most of Africa's peoples will be
ruling themselves.
Conference, meeting this week in Tunis,
found itself gathered with many of the
detectives it set at its first meeting in the
Ghanaian capital of Accra in December,
1858, apparently already achieved or in
process of being achieved
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-02-06
Transfer Underlined

The first conference met largely at the
inspiration of Ghana's Prime Minister
Kwame Nkrumah and underlined the
transfer of political momentum from
white to African hands in Africa.
That momentum already has been re-
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-02-06
BY John Hughes
staff Correspondent of
rhe Christian Science Monitor

staff Correspondent of
The Christian Science Monitor
Cape Town
AFRICA, as they say, has arrived"
~ You only had to run your gaze
IA down the length of this continent
this week to see that. There at the
southern end in the Union of South
Africa, Britain's Prime Minister Harold
Macmillan in wide brimmed bush hat
trimmed with a leopard skin band was
winding up his long African safari.
Mr.. Macmillan rather goes in for hats.
One of his most spectacular was the
white fur one he wore in Moscow But 1t
hardly compares with the latest one.
With this one Mr.. Macmillan will take
back the tang of the Sun-baked African
wilds to murky Downing Street in Lon
don'S mid winter.
Indeed. Mr. Macmillan seemed almost
as tickled by it as were the neWSmen who
presented it to him in the Rhodesias
and who know good story when they
make one.
Meanwhile, at the northern end of the
continent in the colorful city of Tangier
United Nations Secretary-General Dag
Hammarskjold was ending a continent
wide African tour of a string of states
which are members or embryo members
of the international organization.
Other VIP Visitors
It is doubtful whether the energetic
Mr.. Hammarskjold ever had time TO
notice Christmas and New Years Day
rushing by during his crowded program.
But if he did he must surely have given
one of those little blue-eyed smiles of his
at the difference between Christmas
under tropical palms and perhaps over
looking white African beaches and
Christmas under piles of white snow in
his native Scandinavia.
''Mr. Dag" and "Mr. Mac" as they are
affectionately known, were but two
members of the VIP tourist parade
through Africa, which in recent weeks
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-02-06
A Thoughtful Look

Prime Minister Macmillan for his part
has been taking thoughtful look at
Africa today and seeing how best Britain,
one of the major colonial powers in
Africa, can adapt itself to the rushing
tides of nationalism which are sweeping
away many of the old traditions and re-
lationShips.
He has visited the boisterous confident
center of African nationalism in Ghana
and then Nigeria, which on the eve of
independence looms as perhaps Africa's
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-02-06

placed for many Africans by the power
OF sovereign or near-sovereign rule.
All this does not mean, of course, that
the pell-mell rush toward African po-
Itical independence has solved Africas
problems
There is the massive question of
Atrlca's economic development. United
Nations Secretary General Dag Ham,
marskjold ended his African tour in
Tangier to preside over the second ses-
sion there OF the United Nations eco
nOmic commission on Africa.
This new session of the commission is
dominated by the need to accelerate Afri-
can economic development. A United
Nations economic survey of Africa, form
ing the background to the conference,
comments on unfavorable conditions for
economic growth based on private mi
tiative.
The survey deduces that many African
governments have no choice but to per-
form the functions of entrepreneurs
themselves. The vicious circle is, how
ever, that African governments are des-
perately short of trained administrators
for their own needs, let alone business
management.
Thus, says the survey, measures to
boost the supply of trained administra-
tors assume an urgency which can
scarcely be overemphasized."
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-02-06

Patronizs Our Advertisers
The Robbins eagle. (Robbins, Ill.) 1951-1963, 1960-03-26
THE NEW SHED

Johnny, the champ, may re-
tire for different position. 1t
won't be uptown or downtown.
1t will be in Robbins. Big Dad
dy Richards, prop. of the New
Shed goes on a diet. Customers
are wondering if it will last as
long as his 25th anniversary
prices.
The Robbins eagle. (Robbins, Ill.) 1951-1963, 1960-03-26
THE TWISTER

Birthday of the Week: Mr..
Grammel. What's in a name?
Some call her Loretta, others
call her Lovevlla, the bar-maid.
The Robbins eagle. (Robbins, Ill.) 1951-1963, 1960-03-26
COLA'S LOUNGE

Paul Wolford, Melvin and
Noel playing every Saturday
mite AT the bar serving with a
smile, the bar-maids, Dell and
Ann.
The Robbins eagle. (Robbins, Ill.) 1951-1963, 1960-03-26
In MEMORLAM

In loving m e m DRY of our
d a g h e +, wife and mother,
Mrs. Charlene Roberts, who
passed away March %, 1857.
The Robbins eagle. (Robbins, Ill.) 1951-1963, 1960-03-26
SKINS LOUNGE

Kitty Kate, lounge bar-maid;
Fannie Tolbert enjoying herself
at Skins. Ex-Robbinite.
The Robbins eagle. (Robbins, Ill.) 1951-1963, 1960-03-26
LOUNGE

Something to see, Eva Mae
the ba-rmaid, doing the slap,
cowboy and etc.
The Robbins eagle. (Robbins, Ill.) 1951-1963, 1960-03-26
THIS WEEK
FLATIINGO LOUNGE

Packing the house every Fri
day and Saturday mite, j. B.
Leno e and his band. So they
are dining, dancing and drink
ing at the Flamingo.
The Robbins eagle. (Robbins, Ill.) 1951-1963, 1960-03-26

: We look up and shed our cares,
We believe it is Charlene
Walking on those golden stairs.
Whenever we see the snow
flakes
Gently drifting to the ground,
1t is our darling up there scat
tering
Dust of Heaven, earthward
bound.
When the raindrops softly
patter
On our lonely window pane,
We tell our hearts it's Charlene
Softly singing, once again.
Mr.. & Mrs. Chas. Powell
Mr.. William Roberts
Cheryl Louise
James L.
Anita Kay
Gail Lee
The United States don't need
the services of boys who DISC
hey their parents. mo date)
Stand by the cause, and the
cause will carry you through.
o Pay Phone Bills at
UTICA Currency exchange
1870 Claire Boulevard.