davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-10-25

from the outset to pay any part Of the
bill for the U. N. peace force in the Mid
die East or for numerous other special
activities.
AS such expenses run, the Congo
cost will be a large one-estimated at
$50 million for this calendar year and
perhaps as much as $500 million for
1861. BY an ability-to-pay formula
which has been applied in most U. N.
assessments, the Communist bloc is
liable for approximately 10 per cent of
total costs. Even If it paid its full share
of the regular budget, which it has not
done, this would amount to only about
$13 million.
From the beginning, the United
States has paid by far the heaviest
share of u. N. expenses - particularly
for emergency needs outside the regular
operating budget. Presumably, we will
continue to do this. For those who wish
the organization to continue, however,
attention should be paid to warning
by the Australian delegate to the budget
committee that the financial crisis
demands ga sober assessment Of the
possible future scale of operations"
Evening star., 1960-10-25
Political Bridge Game

Mr.. Kaul says that II he
is elected to Congress, he will
introduce bills next year for
immediate construction of
two additional bridges. one
at Three Sisters and one at
Arizona avenue.
Introducing legislation in
Congress is one thing; get
ting it passed is another.
Congress might feel that the
two bridges now under con-
Struction are suf1cient to
take care Of our needs, and
that two more in addition to
these might make us bridge
poor. It is no easy task for
a Congressman to get legisla-
ton passed because 1t has to
be sold to his 436 colleagues,
and then to the 100 members
OF the Senate.
Therefore. no one but a
politician would ever think
of laying the blame for the
lack of bridges across the
Potomac on the shoulders of
one lone Congressman.
Of course, Mr.. Kaul knows
that Congressman Broyhill
is not responsible for the
construction of bridges across
the Potomac, but by his in
nuendoes, he hopes to get
the voters of the 10th Dis
trict believing that he is.
Kitty L, REYNOLDS,
Evening star., 1960-10-25
The Debate Goes On

If there Is to be another Nixon
Kennedy TV meeting, there is much
merit, we think, in the Vice Presidents
insiStence on a debate in depth" on
a single subject of major Importance,
and with respect to which the candi-
dates are in marked disagreement. There
would not be much point In another
debate in which the two men merely
rehashed or restated the points already
made in their previous exchanges.
Mr.. Nixon proposes that the queS-
ton should be: what should the United
States Government do about CaStro?"
This, we suppose, is not wholly dis
interested suggestion. For the Vice Pres
ident obviously thinks his opponent has
put himself on the spot in this matter,
and he would be glad to keep him there.
Mr.. Kennedy'S response, however, has
hardly been helpful. He says he cannot
understand why Mr.. Nixon wants Ito
place a gag on the press" in this final
debate, although just how the press
would be gagged under the Nixon pro-
poSal is far from clear to us. The Dem
ocratic candidate also suggests that,
while Cuba is important, fifth debate
should also cover such items as our re-
lationS with the Soviet Union, the prob
lens of Latin America, Asia and Africa,
and the domestic issues (which you and
the Republican Party seem to wish to
bury during the campaign ="
What this really comes down to is
a continuation of the great debate"
through exchange Of kilograms It really
is nothing more than mutual exercise
in propaganda.
A real debate on major issue,
however, could be constructive. Instead
Of producing off-the-cuff answers and
comments, it would give each man an
opportunity to expose his thinking in
detail and 1t would give the audience a
better chance to evaluate the two men.
All of the matters suggested by Senator
Kennedy cannot possibly be dealt with
in a debate of this nature. Therefore,
If Cuba as topic does not appeal to
him, perhaps he will propose some other
single subject of major Importance.
Evening star., 1960-10-25
Scrambled Eqqheods

The late Prof. Sumner H.
Slichter, formerly Harvard's
top economist and his sue
cessor Prof. K enneth Gal
braith, both advisers to Dem
ocratic presidential aspirants,
were at cross-purpoSes on the
problem Of initiation. In the
congressional Hearings of
the Joint Economic Commit
tee" during March 1859 (page
40 Senator Bush brought out
that Prof. Galbraith thought
initiation was damaging and
something to be avoided,
whereas Prof. SIichter went
on to praise imitation as just
what we needed for prosper
Gus growth.
That two learned men,
closely associated, could have
a completely opposite view
point on such an important
and fundamental problem is
nothing short Of frightening.
Robert C. Schwab
Evening star., 1960-10-25
GE Strike Lesson

The strike that nobody wanted, or
at least not very much, has ended at
General Electric. On terms almost iden-
tical with those offered originally by thV
company, members of the International
Union of Electrical Workers are getting
back to their jobs. Their flrst reward,
under contract that extends until Sep
tember, 1868, is an immediate 3 per cent
wage increase with provision that q Sec
ond increase to be effective in April,
1852, will be negotiated within the next
80 days. From the company's stand
point, one major gain was abandon
ment Of the cost-of-living quarterly
wage adjustment clause contained in
the expired five-year contract.
Fortunately, nobody appears to have
been hurt badly by this particular strike,
since it was only partially effective
and lasted only three weeks. But per-
haps some lessons have been learned.
Presumably, IUE President Jim Carey
learned that it is tough, II not impos-
Sible, to fight an unpopular war with
divided army. Some of the unions big
gest locals voted against the strike in
the first place, then participated only
half-heartedly, and finally backed out Of
it entirely. They did this, not because
they were led by traitors" as he alleges,
but because the terms offered by GE
were attractive to the rank and file.
On the other hand, industry at
large may be persuaded by this incident
that the GE formula of offering good
package originally, rather than one that
might be sweetened only under duresS,
is more effective bargaining strategy.
This is not a union-busting technique
there probably is no such technique that
would work in today'S environment Of
strong and legally protected unionism.
It tends, instead, to place the two parties
relatively close together in the begin
ning-with fewer problems to be re-
solved later on.
AS a practical matter, GE undoubt-
edly would rather have Its electrical
workers in Mr. Carey's union than in
the rival, left-wing independent United
Electrical Workers. Therefore, the COM
pany probably indorses the statement
attributed to IUE ofncialS that "the Tue
sincerely hopes this settlement may help
to bring about new era Of mutual re-
Spect and harmony in labor manage
ment relations at General Electric" SO
do we.
Evening star., 1960-10-25
Red Free Leaders

It is not surprising that the Com
munist assault on the United Nations,
presumably aimed at either destroying
the organization or turning it into a
super satellite, should extend to reneg-
ing on financial obligations. This Is not
a new Communist tactic, in or out of
the U.N.
But in serving notice that 1t will
make no contribution to the heavy U. N.
costs in the Congo, the nine-member
Soviet bloc is making worse an already
serious budget problem for the inter-
national organization. Operating this
year on normal budget of slightly
more than $60n million-not including
the sums needed for special projects
and agencies - the U. N. recently re-
ported member contributions in arrears
by about $21 million, almost half of
which was chargeable to the Soviet bloc.
Similarly, the Soviet group has refused
Evening star., 1960-10-25
BroyhWs Record

In his television appear
anceS Congressman Broyhill
has taken great pains to point
out that "our record is the
principal issue in his cam
paign against Democratic
nominee Ralph Kaul.
Yet when Mr.. Kaul chal-
lenged the Broyhill record,
citing record votes and public
positions taken by the Repub-
lican Congressman during his
eight years in office. Mr..
Broyhill recoiled in indigna-
ton. He was shocked at such
attacks and seemed to feel
that he had somehow been
fouled.
Is Mr.. Broyhill really run
ming on his recorder is he
running from it2
william T. Nipple
Evening star., 1960-10-25
'PIoddinq' Elephant

Ike said II want to be
known as the President Of the
sound dollar"
I would like to remind Mr..
Eisenhower that the Soundest
dollar we ever had was during
the Great Depression. AS the
soup lines heightened the
dollar became sounder; as
each bank closed the dollar
became harder and harder for
US to get our mitts on it.
"Wait" is the policy Of
Republican conservation.
Watt, said Mr.. Hoover.
prosperity is just around the
corner" He sat in the Presi-
dents chair, immobilized by
this theory that waiting will
improve the situation. He
was waiting for something on
high to make things happen.
forgetting that all he needed
was his daring and imagina-
ton to make needed changes
happen.
Conservatives are good in
second in charge" places; as
Secretaries; as keepers Of
records; but lack the dyn-
amism the Presidents office
Is crying for.
Conservatives can clip cou-
ponS but they cannot create
the bonds the coupons are
attached to.
This, the richest nation in
the world, can wipe out its
every sium now; rehabilitate
its big cities now and dot
them with parks and recrea-
ton centerS now; triple our
classrooms now; invigorate
our transportation systems to
top service now; if we but
call on our imagination to
match our responsibility.
We cannot afford to allow
another generation to go
down these drains because Of
waiting"
Sam whitman,
Long Beach, Calf.
Evening star., 1960-10-25
MoIuyun Visitor

One of Southeast Asia's most pop
uiar and influential leaders, Prime Min
lister Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra of the
Federation of Malaga, is an official Wis
itor in Washington this week. British
educated and head of the majority Al
lance Party, the Tunku (the Malayan
designation for Prince) played the fore
most role in negotiating independence
for the states which formerly had been
under British rule and, in turn, guiding
them into membership in the British
Commonwealth. In this association, Ma
laya has a defense agreement with the
United Kingdom and is a member of the
Colombo Plan nations engaged in CO.
operative area development. It has re-
ceived American loans for construction
of port facilities, roads and bridges.
Offlcially, Malaga describes it's for.
eign policy as neither provost nor pro-
East, butfsimply pro-Malayan. In this
concept Of being pro-Malayan, however,
it is notable that one of the Tunku's
most determined and successful efforts
has been a 12-year military and political
campaign to drive International COM
nunism out of the country. He has
refused recognition of the Malayan
Communist Party. and by last summer
the Communist threat was officially de-
clared at an end.
The Prime Minister has visited most
of the Western countries in recent years,
as well as most of the Commonwealth
nations. This is his first visit to the
United States, and welcome one.
Evening star., 1960-10-25
Airport Sewer

The controversy over the
location of a route for the
airport sewer is beginning to
be reminiscent of the old
controversy which existed
over the location of the air.
port which in consequence
delayed start of construc-
ton on a new airport for
over six years. Obviously
there is no room for petit
foggery in the provision Of
such a necessary domestic
facility as the airport sewer.
1t appears, however, that a
decisive authority in the
matter will have to be ex-
ercised promptly if a similar
delay as was experienced in
the location of the airport is
to be avoided.
It would seem that the
sewer route and spurs as
proposed by the Districts di-
rector of sanitary engineer
ing would most nearly be a
step in the right direction
in solving the problem OF
sewage disposal for the air.
port and adjacent areas
which evidently will be most
affected by the impact of a
jet airport in the midst.
1t is said that the cost
of the interceptor sewer and
spurs would be self-liquidat-
ing. Even If this were moi
so, it Is not believed that
America is so poor that
necessary sanitation facilities
can no longer be afforded
as some would seem to have
us believe.
Evening star., 1960-10-25
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Probing Heavens Via Radio 7 telescope
By THOMAS R. HENRY

Present observations are
being carried out in the So
called microwave region with
radiations from space with
wave lengths of ten cent?
meters. 1t is planned later to
work with wave lengths Of
three centimeters and also in
the millimeter wave length
region. 1t is planned also to
increase the length of the
arms of the cross from 400
to 1000 feet.
Because of itsN high reso-
luton and sensitivity," says
an Air Force statement" this
equipment is useful not only
for solar radiation research
but also for radio astron-
omy in general. DR.. David
Cuddaback of the University
of California astronomy de-
partment is working under
an Air Force contract on
microwave radiation from
distant nebulae as a means
of supplementing and clari-
flying optical astronomy data
previously obtained.
Other Test Projects
Further implementation
of the Air Force radio astron-
omy program will be ef-
fected through two addi-
tional contracts. one with
Leland Stanford University
and the other with Colum-
bia. The Stanford work COW
ers research by Prof. E. T.
Jaynes in the extreme milli-
meter wave region border
ing on the mira red. This
work. will be done in concert
with Prof. Bracewells group
as a means of implementing
radio astronomy in the low
millimeter region where no
work, so far as we know, has
been going on.
1.-THE Columbia work, un-
der Prof. c. H. Townes, will
also cover millimeter-wave
radio astronomy, combining
the use of an existing six
foot parabolic antenna with
special detection equipment
being built at the Columbia
Radiation Laboratory"
Evening star., 1960-10-25

@. Where did the original
inhabitants of Hawaii come
from?-E. M.
A. There are many theories
about the first inhabitants.
Most authorities agree that
they first came to Hawaii
about 1000 years ago. Their
origin is obscure but it is
generally believed that they
were Polynesians who came
up from Tahiti, 1000 miles
away. The PolyneSians are
said to be the descendants of
a tribe of Caucasian people
who left their homeland in
India, roamed through Ma
laya to the island groups of
the Pacific, and along the
route intermarried with Ma
layanS and people Of the
Orient. From the people o1
Evening star., 1960-10-25
Arlington Spending

Arlington County Board
member Lucas H. Blevins
appears to be running for re-
election under the strange
for an incumbent slogan,
Time for a change"
DR.. Blevins says that dur
ing the past three years in
which the Arlingtonians for a
Better County (ABC) has had
a majority on the County
Board, county spending has
gone up 57%; ABC candi-
date Thomas w. Richards
contends that the increase
has been 44To: and County
Finance Director Edgar
Smith, whose Ioffice both
candidates cite as the source
Of their figures, indicates that
the lower figure probably is
correct.
What DR.. Blevins and his
Spokesmen, including Dele
gate William winston, have
neglected to point out is that
DR.. Blevins, as a member of
the County Board, voted for
these increased expenditures.
If DR.. Blevins and Dele
gate Winston are concerned
about increased expenditures
by Arlington County. they
should support ABC candidate
Richards. At least Mr.. Rich
ards, who was not on the
Board, did not vote, as DR..
Blevins did. for the expendi-
lures of which DR.. Blevins
now complains.
Furthermore, Mr.. Richards
in his numerous campaign
appearances-in contrast to
the Comparatively few public
meetings at which DR.. Blew
ips has spoken-haS demon
strated a genuine under
standing of the need for OBJ
tanning the maximum bene-
fits to Arlington for every
dollar expended. This is oi
far greater Importance to the
Arlington taxpayer than con-
fused claims about annua
percentage changes in tota
expenditures by q growing
community in q period o
rising prices.
Arlington Taxpayer
Evening star., 1960-10-25
Lodge on PRESTIGE

At the Prince Georges Plaza
rally for Henry Cabot Lodge
a group Of University of
Maryland students attempted
to present him with questions
relating to a field in which
he is considered an expert
foreign policy. The questions
were neither slanderous nor
complex, and they were
printed on large cardboard
signs points which should
distinguish this demonstra-
ton from "heckling" in its
usual sense.)
The first, and only sign
which was held up (the
others were torn up by Lodge
fans) consisted Of q chart Of
the rapidly declining support
the United States has re-
ceived in the U. N. in the
past Z years (from 1870 Of
the U. N. membership in 1858
to 429o during this past ses-
sion) on the opposition to the
discussion of Red China's adj
mission to the U. N. To con-
trast this decline with the
statements of Messrs. Nixon
and Lodge (but not Rookie
feller) that United States
prestige is at an all-time
high" a question was posed
. on the graph: "IS this de-
cline in the support Of the
United States position on Red
China in the U. N. the reason
why your party says Ameri-
cas- prestige is at an all-time
high?"
Mr.. Lodges response was
shocking and dismaying. He
angrily waved his finger at
me, said the information was
erroneous" and "mislead-
ing" that the voting was
"only" on the question Of dis
cuSSion "and concluded by
stating that he was reminded
of his encounters in the U. N.
where he was often con-
fronted with such use of
distortion" and "misinfor-
mation"-a very slick and
sinister innuendo.
To put it mildly, Mr.. Lodge
was very poorly informed.
The figures on the graph had
been obtained from both the
State Department and the
Washington Office Of the
United Nations. 1t was un-
believable that a man who
has spent the past eight years
in the U. N. would be so un-
familiar with the support Cor
lack of it, of such a basic
facet of United States foreign
policy.
OF course Mr.. Lodge
claimed that these were
only" votes on whether to
discuss admisSion.N not ad-
mission itself, and he is en-
tirely correct. However, he
should be reminded that il
has been our firm and avowed
position not only to oppose
admission but also to oppose
discussion of admission.
willard M. CrOnyn, President
Young Democratic Club
University of Md
Evening star., 1960-10-25
THE PASSING SCENE
Farley Sees Voters Minds Made Up
BY RALPH McGILL

major principles. One could
see the fat-cats present pur-
ring and thinking how nice
1t was Of him to speak OF Azy.
Nixon and Mr.. Kennedy be-
ing at the same table. But
they were quickly shocked to
silence or lifted to whoops Of
laughter when Senator Ken
nedy, with just the right
pause. said he referred to
Mr.. Nixon and Gov. Rookie
feller Of New York.
Debates Key Point
If he wins this election the
one major error Republicans
will agree upon will be that
Of accepting the debates. It
was these which enabled the
country to see how much in
formation Senator Kennedy
possesses, how poised and ex-
pert he is on his feet, and
how strongly his appealing
personality comes through on
television. This personality,
in what Jim Farley refers to
as a decision by millions Of
Democrats again after eight
years, explains why there is
a belief in a Kennedy break
through. 1t is perhaps more
pronounced in New York.
The Vice Presidents big job
is in upper New York State,
which is the Republican re-
gion counted on to overcome
Democratic majorities in New
York City. Gov. Rockefeller's
advisers repeatedly have told
the Vice President to forget
all about the city and work
in the State. In other big in
dustrial States. this feeling
also begins to grow.
There is, In New York,
evidence of near panic or
defeatism in G. o. P. ranks
not present in other States.
New York, at this writing,
seems more sure Of Senator
Kennedy. But, Of course, one
does not know what destiny
or the Russians will do in the
days left. An incident or an
error could work q change.
And, in every comment, re-
porters do we'll to note that
one cannot weigh the effect
of the religious issue. 1t is
inconceivable that in 1860
many Americans will be so
naive as to believe that the
Catholic Church will be able
to give orders to Jack Ken
nedy. He has said not. For
years, the many Catholic
Governors and mayors in
America have served well
without such influence, but
because it is an underground
issue about which few per-
sons will talk, no one can
evaluate it.
Meanwhile, confidence and
hope grow stronger in the
Democratic camp. It senses
a very real chance to win.
We will not know how valid
it is until late on the evening
of November 8.
Evening star., 1960-10-25
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDriters' correct
names and addresses. All let
tiers are subject to condensG-
tion. Those not used iDil be
returned only Uhen accom-
panied By self = addressed,
stamped envelopes.
Evening star., 1960-10-25
'Bigotry in Reverse
Sam Whitman,
Long Beach, Calf.

Your editorial of october
10, "Bigotry In Reverse,
which relates to the smear
pamphlet issued by the Auto
Workers Union, has awak-
ened questions in my mind,
especially since leading Dem
ocrats have time and again
gone out of their way to raise
the issue of bigotry. I Won
der why they keep beating a
seemingly dead horse.
Some weeks ago I received
through the mail a newssheet
which I labeled as the OUT
pourings of a crackpot. The
headline denounced Senator
Kennedy as Communist
dominated. On the front
page was a picture of a group
of Jewish trade union leaders.
A caption under the picture
referred to these men as
Communists. A number Of
articles in the sheet continued
the same theme: Kennedy anc
Jews are Communists.
1 threw the sheet away but
have since learned that many
of my Jewish friends re-
ceived the same item and that
it has had a terrific effect
on them.
Now the question that oc-
ours to me is, Where did the
crackpot get the money to
send these sheets to thou
sands of people?" The ans
wer to that question, I am
beginning to suspect, may be
found in the further question
who stands to gain most ir
the way Of votes by the per-
sistent raising Of the spectre
of bigotry?" %..s,,s
nj s ~ ~ nnIS
Evening star., 1960-10-25
Sixth Of q Series

emissions from heavenly bod
les consist of single large
Dishes" or antennae some
what in the shape of a bowl.
The largest in existence is be-
ing built in a West Virginia
valley under the auspices Of
the National Science Founda-
ton. N-
Precision Instrument
The Air Force instrument,
built at Stanford University.
Calf, under an Office of Re-
search contract, is intended
for precision rather than
magnitude Of observations. It
consists of 80 dish antennae,
each 10 feet in diamenter, ar
ranged in the form of a cross
along two intersecting arms,
each 375 feet long.
AS described in a report
from the physics division:
1.-THE Air Force Office of Sci
entific Research program in
radio astronomy is of mod
est dimensions financially but
its promise of providing new
and unique information about
radiation arriving from outer
space is very great. For ex-
ample, the solar flare infor-
nation by Prof. r. N. Brace
we'll at Stanford University
has never before been obtain
able with such a high degree
of resolution, even with opti-
cal methods. His success is
due to the tremendous size
of the "cross" antenna. Pre-
liminary data indicate hour
to-hour as well as day-to-day
developments, or changes of
intensity, as well as in the
position of solar flares across
the suns disk"
Evening star., 1960-10-25

The worlds most precise
spectroheliograph, or radio
telescope for scanning the
surface Of the SUN or some
other celestial body, has just
been built for the Air Force
office of Scientific Research.
Other such instruments
for detecting the radio wave