davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-06-22
WSTAS IN SCIENCE
Space Creatures May Live in Shells
By THOMAS R. HENRY

Intelligent beings-if there
are any-of other solar Sys-
TENS probably live on the
inside Of shells Of their owl.
making surrounding central
stars like the sun.
This is assuming that there
is some likeness. however
remote, between them and
humans. and that they have
been subject to roughly the
same laws Of supply and de-
mand, population increase
and of evolutionary develop
ment. 1t also assumes that
life started about the same
way as on earth.
This life, if it could be de-
tected by any means, would
be at least several billion
years ahead of terrestrial life
in its development and ad-
juStmentS.
Such is the seemingly fan
tastic hypothesis presented in
a report to the American As
Sociation for the Advance
ment of Science by DR.. Free
man j. Dyson of Princeton
University's Institute for Ad-
vanced Study. He suggests
ways of detecting such life
not communicating with it
by searching the heavens
for certain wavelengths of
invisible infra-red radiation.
This is the way, DR.. Dyson
says, that earthlings-either
humans or their successors
in the remote contingency
that life of some sort persists
on this planet may have to
live in a few billion years. 1t
will be a matter primarily of
"lebensraum," already troub-
ling humans.
Energy Supply Estimated
Says the report: "The ma
terial factors which ulti-
mately limit the expansion
of a technically advanced
species are the supply of
matter and the supply Of en-
ergy. At present the mate
rial resources being exploited
by the human species are
roughly limited to the bio
sphere of the earth-a mass
of the order of so billion bill
lion grams. Our present en-
ergy supply may be gener-
ously estimated at 10 billion
billion ergs per second. The
quantities of matter and en-
ergy which might conceiv-
ably become accessible to us
within the entire solar sys-
TEN are about two million
trillion trillion grams, the
mass of Jupiter, and about
four billion billion trillion
ergs per second, the total en-
ergy output of the sun.
"One may well ask in what
sense can anyone speak of
the mass of Jupiter or the
suns total radiation as being
accessible to exploitation.
Actually an exploitation of
this magnitude is not absurd.
First, the time required for
an expansion of population
and industry by a factor of
1,000,000,000 chat is, a tril-
lion times more people and
a trillion-fold expansion of
industry to accommodate
them is quite short, say
5000 years if an average
growth rate of one per cent
a year is maintained.
"The energy required to
diSaSsemble and re-arrange a
planet the size of Jupiter is
about equal to the energy
radiated by the sun in 800
years. The mass of Jupiter,
if distributed in a spherical
shell revolving around the
sun at twice the earth's dis
tance from it, would have a
thickness of two to three
meters, depending on the
density.
Evening star., 1960-06-22

a smell OF CnlS thickness
could be made comfortably
habitable and could contain
all the machinery required
for exploiting the solar ra-
diation falling on it from the
inside. 1t seems then a rea-
sonable expectation that,
barring accidents MalthuSian
presSures (preSsure due to the
increase in population) will
ultimately drive an intelligent
species to adopt some such
exploitation of its available
resources. One would expect
that, within a few thousand
years after entering the stage
of industrial development any
intelligent species should be
found occupying an artificial
bioSphere (region capable Of
sustaining life) which CON-
pletely surrounds its parent
star. The most likely habitat
for such beings would be a
dark object with a size COM
parable to the earth's orbit.
Such a dark object would be
radiating as copiously as the
star hidden inside it, but the
radiation would be in the far
infrared, around 10 microns
wavelength."
Now, DR.. Dyson says, it so
happens that the earth's at
mosphere is transparent to
such a wavelength. Infrared
stars with such radiation
could be detected with exist
ing telescopes. But nobody
knows where to look for them.
Perhaps the best course, DR..
Dyson says, is to look for
some intense source of such
radiation in the neighborhood
OF visible stars on the as
sumption that they actually
are double stars and that one
Of them is hidden py Just q
shell.
Theory Taken Seriously
"a race of intelligent be-
ingS," says the report, might
be unable to exploit fully the
energy radiated by their star
because of an insuficiency of
accessible matter, or they
might live in an artificial bio
sphere surrounding one star
OF a multiple system in
which one or more compo-
nent stars are unsuitable for
exploitation and would still
be visible to us.
ut is impossible to guess
the probability that either of
these circumstances would
arise for a particular race
OF extra terrestrial intelli-
gent beings. But it is rea-
sonable to begin the search
for infrared radiation of ar
tificial origin in the direc-
ton of nearby visible stars
which are known to have in
visible companions"
Belief in the probability Of
life elsewhere in the universe
has increased greatly in the
past few years, largely due
to the fact that the chemis-
try, of which life is a by
product, of the universal
least of the little Milky Way
galaxy with its puny two or
three billion stars like the
suns ee ms the same
throughout. Also accepted
as highly probable is that
this "other life" will have
advanced far beyond terres-
trial life.
However fantastic DR.. DIV.
sons thesis sounds, it is after
all advanced seriously by a
distinguished member of the
faculty of the distinguished
institution devoted largely to
the study of high mathema-
tics which doesn't let COM
mon senSe-in the long run
always wrong-Stand in the
way of mathematical logic
IN the long run always right.
Evening star., 1960-06-22
LETTERS TO THE STAR

Pen names may be used II
letters carry tDriters' correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject to con-
denSdtion.
Evening star., 1960-05-26
Anxious on Future

DR.. William ]. Peoples, Mont
gomery County health oflcer,
told the planners he was "anx-
Evening star., 1960-05-26
Convictions of "a
In Sit-in Protests
Upheld by Court

RICHMOND, May 26 CAP).
Hastings Judge w. Moscow
Huntley today upheld lower
court convictions of "a Negro
college students for trespassins
during a sit-down demonstra-
ton at a department store here
In a 212-page opinion, Judge
Huntley said that after review
ing the briefs submitted by
counsel, he was of the opinion
mo constitutional rights of the
defendants have been violated,
and that Thalhimer's store was
fully within its rights in deny
ing service to the defendants.
The court is of the further
opinion" he said, that the
failure of the defendants to
leave the premises when re-
quested by an official Of
Thalhimer's constituted tres
pass :"
The judge fined 80 of the
students $40 and costs. Two
other defendants were absent.
The Virginia Union students
were arrested in February dur
ing a protest of segregated
lunch counter and restaurant
facilities in the store.
Evening star., 1960-05-26
Over-Aggressive
Salesman Gets
Fine and 80 Duys

A magazine salesman who
said he was working his way
through college worked his way
into the Fairfax County Jail
yesterday.
Ray J. jenkins. 10, of Berry
vile, was arrested after house.
wives in the 400 block of Nc
Kay street in the Falls Church
area protested that he was too
aggressive N his salesmanship.
Inspector James M. Mahoney
said jenkins was taken to
County Court after one woman
said he had asked for a glass
of water, then forced his way
into the house and refused to
leave. Judge j. Mason Grove
found him guilty of soliciting
without registering with the
county police, sentenced him
to 80 days in jail and fined him
$100.
Judge Grove suspended the
Jail time on the condition that
jenkins would stop soliciting
in the county, and Jenkins
went to jail pending payment
of the fine.
Evening star., 1960-05-26
Students Name
Nixon, Kennedy

Students at Mclean High
School in Fairfax County
staged a couple of miniature
conventions yesterday with all
the noise and aplomb of the
professionals.
Vice President Nixon got the
Republican nomination handily
after an attempt to draft Gov.
Rockefeller of New York COL
lapsed.
On the Democratic side the
nomination went to Senator
Kennedy Of Massachusetts, over
the spirited objections of Adlai
Stevenson supporters who
paraded through the conven-
ton with signs and gifts of soft
drinks, cookies and lollypops.
Evening star., 1960-05-26

uniforms and were caught
about $40 pm. about a mile
and a half away.
Petrillo was seized about
1920 pm. after apparently try
ing to turn himself in at the
State police barracks at Water
loo and then changing his
mind. A State trooper heard his
whistle from outside the bar
racks. But when Sergt. Garland
Walters and Trooper Erwin
Jennings went outside to get
him, Petrillo started to run and
had to be tackled.
Sergt. Walters said Petrillo
apparently was hurt in the fall.
He was returned to the insti-
tution's infirmary for treat
ment.
Petrillo, who lived in the 1900
block Of M street, Hillside, was
one of "a prisoners who fed
in April, 1859, and was shot in
an attempted escape in June,
1859. He was committed there
in October. 1858, for unauthor-
lied use Of an auto and earlier
had served a 60-day jail term
for participating in a rumble"
shooting in Parkland in April,
1858.
None of the missing prisoners
is considered dangerous, ac-
cording to William KeiSh, as
sociate director and superin-
tendent of the institution. All
were wearing the gray uniforms
Of the place.
Yesterdays escape was the
third in the past year. Includ-
ing last years mass break in
which "a escaped, there have
been Il prisoners who made
their way to freedom from
Patuxent in it's five-year his
tory. All those in past escapes
were caught.
Evening star., 1960-05-26
Arts Festival Prizes
Awarded in Arlington

Marie Tumlinson won first
place in the professional paint
ing class in the second annual
Arlington Arts Festival, held
recently. Her advice From an
Old Woman" was given the
purchase award for the perma-
nent collection of the festival.
She lives at 2022 Culver place,
Alexandria.
Other winners includ e d {:
amateur painting, Blanche M.
Kirchner, 4452 First place,
Arlington; mosaic, Mrs. Helen
Norton; china painting profess
Sional, Mrs. Margaret Surber;
china painting amateur, Mrs.
Malvin L. Hayes; underglaze
professional, Mrs. Amalia Ca
han; underglaze amateur, Gail
Bent, 1880 Columbia pike,
Arlington.
Evening star., 1960-05-26
Would Install Lines
Six Escape Potuxent;;
Three Are Recoptured

Six prisoners escaped from
the Patuxent Institution at
Jessup, Nd, late yesterday.
Three were recaptured with
in five hours and three are
still at large.
One of those recaptured had
participated in several previous
escapes Or attempted escapes.
He was identified as Charles F..
Petrillo. 20. of Hillside, Md.
Recaptured along with Pc
trillo were Robert Caple, "a,
of Baltimore and Ward Nc
Elroy, 20, of the 5400 block OF
Spring lane, Riverdale.
Still missing are George
Beavers, "a, of the 1900 block
of Lawrence street. Colmar
Manor; James Ricketts,, "a, of
Baltimore and James Combs,
29, of Greensboro on Mary
lands Eastern Shore.
State police at Waterloo said
there is a possibility they may
have fed the area in a car
stolen during the night at Dor
sey, Md.
All six prisoners had been
working in the new kitchen
building of the State institu-
ton for defective delinquents,
which has been plagued with
a series of escapes since it
opened In 1855.
They broke out about Sis
pm. by climbing up a venti-
lator shaft to the roof of the
bakery. State police said they
got a bed sheet to climb down,
but said it broke with the
weight of the first man and the
others had to jump about 80
feet to the ground.
Caple and McElroy both
were wearing white kitchen
Evening star., 1960-05-26
Two Won't Run Again
For City School Board

Il debated this a good while,
but I'm so years old now. and
most of the work is at night, so
I felt it would be better for my
health e I laid down some of
these burdens. I've enjoyed
serving on the board, but I felt
it would be better to discon-
tinue working at night"
The terms of the two board
members expired June 80 and
their successors will take Office
July /. Mr.. Howard is from the
southern school district and Mr.
Dyson is from the northern
district.
Terms of the seven school
board members are for three
years and are staggered. These
are the only two terms expiring
this year.
The city council has asked
that recommendations on school
board appointments be submit
ted by civil groups and inter-
eSted persons by the June IA
council session. The appoint
ments will be made at the
June % meeting.
Evening star., 1960-05-26
BibIeUrgesMoss ! ronsit
Action to Solve 7 roffic

The measure, sponsored by
Senator Williams, Democrat of
New Jersey. and IL other Sen
ators, would declare a new
congressional policy of en-
couraging broader transporta-
ton planning, including close
coordination with urban re-
newal programs. The loan fund
would be administered by the
Housing and Home Finance
Agency, which disburses the
Governments urban renewal
grants.
Senator Bibles statement
made no specific reference to
Washington area transit plans.
The Senator, however, told
the banking group that mod
ernized transit facilities are
essential in the Nations big
cities generally. Present Fed
eral highway building pro-
grams, he declared, will not
meet the growing needs.
Evening star., 1960-05-26
By JAMES G. DEANE
star Stan Writer

Chairman Bible of the Sen
ate District Committee has
strongly urged that Congress
launch a program to push
mass transit and de-emphasize
new highways as the solution
to the Nations urban traffic
problems.
The Nevada Democrat, who
heads a joint Senate-House
committee now preparing Dis
trict area rail transit legisla-
ton, told the Senate Banking
Committee the Nations cities
will be covered with "destruc-
tive rivers of cement" and new
expressways themselves will
soon be valueless unless more
efficient means are provided
to carry rush-hour travellers.
Either trains or express
buses may be feasible, but in
any case the answer must be
better, faster public transit, he
said.
In another move, Senator
Case, Republican of New Jer-
sey, announced he is intro
ducing a bill to create a new
cabinet-level department of
transportation to deal with
highway. air. rail and water
transport.
The department would alb
sorb existing separate Federal
agencies in these fields, but not
regulatory bodies, he said. 1t
would take over promotional
and administrative duties now
handled by the latter bodies,
however.
Senator Bibles views were
submitted in support of a bill
now under consideration by
the Banking Committee which
would make planning grants
and up TO 500 million in Fed
eral loans available to urban
communities to help develop
modern transit facilities.
Evening star., 1960-05-26
NAME CHANGED ON PUPILS.
CONFIDENTIAL RECORD
Bya star stsn Writer

BALTIMORE. May 26.-Maryland teachers conf
Dental record difficult students has become a
teacher observation record"
The State Board Of Education changed the name
yesterday after school officials said parents had
"misinterpreted" the nature of the record.
The report to the board said the card designed
to provide opportunity for teachers to record observa
tions Of significant behavior and other data concerning
pupil who did not seem to be receiving the maximum
benefits Of education"
1T does seem that it would be better to delete the
word confidential since this title has been msinter-
preted to imply emphasis in the of the card which
was not intended" the report said.
The board agreed 1t also agreed to suggestion that
the color of the card be changed from pink demure
gray.
The record is intended to give information to school
counsors and pupil workers for guidance pur
poses with the pupil or the family The record destroyed
at the end OF the school if the students problems
longer exist If the problems persist the teacher makes
summary OF behavior patterns to be forwarded to the
principal OF the next school the pupil will attend.
Evening star., 1960-05-26

The Alexandria school board
members, Chairman Robert C.
Howard and Thomas r. Dyson,
whose terms expire next
month. have told the city
council they will not be candi-
dates far reappointment.
Mr., Howard, a Washington
food broker. has been chair
man since 1857 and a member
for nine years.
Its gotten to the point
where the press of business has
been so great that I simply am
not able to give to the position
all the time it requires or that
I would like to give it. I wish ]
did. I've enjoyed the work very
much" he declared.
He was chairman during the
city's recent school desegrega-
ton suits in Alexandria Fed
eral Court that resulted in II
Negro childrenS being admit
ted to five formerly all-white
schools.
Mr.. Dyson, an attorney, has
been a board member since
1857. He said:
Evening star., 1960-05-26
Small Sewer Systems Urged
For Nearby Rural Housing

ious" about the present situa-
ton. I'VE really don't know
what this growing number of
septic tank subdivisions) will
do" he said.
The plan for subdivision sew
er systems proposed by Mr..
Gingery does have a drawback,
several planners noted: The
effluent would be deposited in
suburban streams. When the
small plants became overload
ed, some pollution rights result.
Objections Weighed
Mr.. Gingery- and w. Mclean
Bingley, a State Health De-
partment sanitary engineer,
said they thought it would be
less Objectionable to place some
effluent in the streams than
to have overflowing septic
tanks.
The septic tank is a coun-
try cousin come to town" said
Mr.. Bingley. I'VE are foolish
to try to push it into urban
areas"
A suggested Bitten priority
list for planning projects. which
includes a top priority crash
study of a Silver Spring link for
Route 240, was presented to the
commission yesterday by Arthur
Stellhorn, planning director.
Mr.. Stellhorn also gave the
planners a progress report on
IA planning studies.
The priority list carries these
items in the following order:
Silver Spring throughway,
Prince Georges zoning ordin-
ance, Takoma-Langley master
plan, Hanson Greek watershed
master plan, Connecticut ave-
nue. survey fom Kensington to
Viers Mill road, highway photo
mapping.
Also, highway master plan;
master plans for Northwest
Branch. Gaithersburg. Hyatts-
e-College Park and DamaS-
Gus; general plan extension
and automatic data processing,
The planning director asked
the commission to approve
this or a revised priority list
so he will know where to place
emphasis.
Evening star., 1960-05-26
ADDS Israel Elects

The Adas Israel Congregation
has elected Stanley A. Wiener
as president. Others elected are
Joseph Blumenthal and Samuel
Lebowitz, vice presidents; Nor
riS GewirZ, treasurer; Samuel
P. Cohen, assistant treasurer;
Abe Shefferman, financial sec
retary; Henry SaluS, recording
secretary, and 1. w. Friedman,
assistant recording secretary.
Evening star., 1960-05-26
By DANA BULLEN
Star stan Writer

Individual sewer systems for
new housing Developments in
rural areas Of nearby Maryland
were suggested yesterday at a
conference on subdivision pol
luton problems.
The idea was suggested by
Donald E. Gingery during a
conference between the Mary
land-National Capital Park and
planning Commission and State
and local health officials.
Mr.. Gingery, a member of the
bi-county planning group, said
the small sewer systems in new
developments could replace
septic tanks, now a major head
ache to both planners and
health officers.
Would Install Lines
The subdivision sewer systems
would include small treatment
plants, Mr.. Gingery said, that
would be abandoned when
trunk sewers reached the area.
Evening star., 1960-05-26

The plan would permit in
stallation Of permanent sewers
when q subdivision was built
rather than putting them in
later when costly streets would
have to be ripped up to lay the
pipe lines, the planner said.
The subdivision sewer systems
also would help head of what
Mr.. Gingery appeared to con-
slider a serious threat, the pos
sibility that existing towns
would mushroom over suburban
Maryland counties in a rush to
provide sewers to rural resi-
dents.
He said the towns might
spread out over land now gov
erned by the county and create
a juriSdictional "hodge-podge"
similar to that feared in Vir-
ginia by Fairfax County Of
ficialS.
Evening star., 1960-03-27
HELP WOMEN

CLERK-TYP1sT for wholesale kit
chen distributors; tvpins md
inventory clerk. No expeT. nee.
Starting salary S65 wk. Call RA,
Evening star., 1960-03-27
HELP WOMEN

Accounts Receivable elk.
Willing to learn 6urrJuchS posting
machine; good Ritn figures, age,
- to IS: must have refs: exper.
preferred; salary open. a4O New
YORK ave NV
Evening star., 1960-03-27

YOUNG MAN, aptitude in art or
drafting, as trainee in cartogra-
phic (mapD work. Career oppor-
tunity. HA. 7-7052 for appt.
YOUNG MAN, with some art abil
to learn lithographic negative
stripping Call NATIONAL LITHO
CO.. FE. 3-4242.
YOUNG MAN with mechanical
aptitude. for repairs and de-
liVeries: excel. future for young
married man Apply in person
RENTAL TOOLS 4 EQUIP CO,
a7lO Capitol View ave. Silver
Sorinr. Nd
YOUNG MAN 81 to rs Interested
in earning the restaurant bust.
ness. Good opport for non-drink.
ing, reliable person. Alex, resident
pref. Apply in person, OLD CLUE
RESTAURANT. 5j5 S. Washington
St hlPyN Ndria
Evening star., 1960-03-27
CLERKS

ACCOUNTING elk, Wheaton, S55
BLLLING CLERK, Beth. S55
GENERAL CLERK, Wheaton. S45
MAIL CLERK-cASHIER, ynS., S45
SUBURBAN PERSONNEL
Perpetual Bldg, s. s., JU. 9-6lQ6
Evening star., 1960-03-27

BAKERY CLERKS-see Coon ad
under help men and women.
BANK TRAINEES, S55 IN
SECRETARY. good shhd., NV
section, Eood typins. Eood dis
postlon Sl00
SEChS SIAk1, good Shhd. and
typing. s. +. SI0O
JR. SECRETARY, Va. $3.50
JR; SECRETARY, airline privi-
YOUNG SECRETARY. plush once sSs
BooKKEEPER. full chg. through
trial balance, under 30, $50 up
kEYPuNcH oPR.. white, exper.
REcEPTIoNIsr, PIX rxpisT
TYPIsT. statistical background. !
=, YRS college; air ami. $3.50
SOME JOBS FEE PAID. NO REG.
ISTRATION FEE. COME IN AND
HAVE A CUP OF COFFEE
WHILE WE PLACE YOU OUR
PES AMONG THE LOWEST IN
PIG oREENwAY AGENCY
RIM: 5l9. 1920 N. Y. Ave.
DI, 7-16S7 Di. 7-el46s
Evening star., 1960-03-27
HELP WOMEN
CLERICAL

White: O. e no slctor. experienced
pref ssnl; ofiee work: typins
seek; paid vacation and employe
benefit Box 406-A. Star.
CLERICAL POSITION. no exper
nee; 35-hr. wk.; beaut. uptown
Conn. I'VE, once; basic tntelligenct
and some iptitude for figures;
salary commensurate with ability
Call MRS. FLOYD. EN-. 2-4S30
Evening star., 1960-08-24

of the burglary, said no such
sum was taken.
The five were arraigned on
charges involving the smaller
amount.
Police said Blaney and Robert
PoulSon of Philadelphia had
agreed to be witnesses for the
commonwealth.
Blaney disappeared three
weeks ago.
PoulSon was beaten and shot
in the back by unknown per-
sons in Camden II days ago.
He was released from the hos
pital Monday and then jailed
Immediately as a material wit
ness in his own shooting.
Evening star., 1960-08-24
British Teacher
Beaten in j. ).

CHICAGO, Aug. "a APP
A stocky. 200-pound man beat
and robbed a London school.
teacher in a daylight attack II
Grant Park near the Loor
yesterday.
Police said Joy Grant, a 30
year-old blond, was attacked
just before noon by a young
Negro.
Miss Grant was found in a
clump of bushes in the lake.
front park. Most of her cloth
ing was torn from her body.
Hospital officials said Miss
Grant was in good condition
although she may have suf-
fered a fractured skull and a
broken jaw.
Miss Grant, who arrived Sun
day to visit friends, told police
she was attacked from behind
while sitting on a park bench
The assailant, she said, slammed
her against a tree, then dragged
her into nearby bushes.
She told police she had no.
ticed a man following her. and
fearing an attack hurried to a
park bench occupied by an ell
I'derly man. The man, unidenti-
fed, ran for police when Miss
Grant was attacked.
Miss Grants purse was found
about 5000 feet from the park
bench with $40 missing.
Also found was Miss Grants
diary, with her notation con-
cerning Chicago: Grim"