davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-06-12

lens are not expected to come
up during President Eisenhower's
stopover at Anchorage.
But two of Alaska's interna-
tional concerns, stemming from
her unique geographical position,
may we'll be discussed with Gov.
William A. Egan and other off,
cials: Preservation of fish re-
sources Of the North Pacific, and
plans for Withdrawals of an Air
Force fighter-interceptor outfit
from Fairbanks.
Alaskan fishery interests are
disturbed by Soviet and Japanese
fishing practices in the North
Pacific. Overf1shing in high-seas
spawning areas is depicting the
fish supply, it is charged. The hope
in Alaska is that new treaties on
fishing in the North Pacific can
be negotiated, or at least informal
agreements can be reached to
preserve fish resources.
Alaskans looking across the
narrow Bering Strait at the
United States principal cold-war
enemy feel strongly that the evac-
uation of the 449th Fighter Inter-
ceptor Command from Ladd Air
Force Base in Fairbanks has not
been a propitious move. The Air
Force might have given more
thought to stationing more mod
ern air power there if the 449ths
planes are becoming obsolete, the
Alaskans believe.
Evening star., 1960-06-12

can governments over the security
treaty. Mr.. Kishi and Mr.. Eisen-
hover approved it in a special
ceremony here last January. The
President may repeat his pledge
that no deployment of American
troops in other areas of the Far
East would be undertaken with
out consulting the Japanese gov
ernment.
Another cause for concern in
Japan has been the U-2 spy
plane incident. Two U-2s are based
in Japan. Washington has given
official assurances, which Prime
Minister Kishi has accepted, that
the U-2S based there are used for
weather reconnaissance only.
Japanese officials may also bring
up their hope for improvement in
relations with South Korea. The
interim government of Chung
Huh in Seoul has made some ten
tative moves toward rapproch-
ment but not with the whole
heartedness the Japanese had
hoped for.
Recognition of Red China is
likely to become an issue before
the Japanese legislature once the
security treaty issue is settled.
But Prime Minister Kishi's ma
jority has been under bitter attack
by Communist China. The Japa-
Evening star., 1960-06-12

big Ryukyu Islands, Okinawans
are worrying anew that their &C
cess to agricultural lands will be
further restricted instead of in
creased.
Governmental powers - The
Ryukyuans want more control over
their own affairs. Under present
regulations the United States civil
administrator on Okinawa has
ultimate authority although Ryu-
kyuans have an elected legislature.
The chief executive of the Ryu-
kyuan government is appointed by
the United States. Ryukuans want
to elect their chief executive and
revise the pattern of representa-
ton in the legislature from that
laid down by American occupation
authorities.
Economy-RyukyuanS seek more
developmental assistance from the
United States to improve their
fishing technology and to establish
pineapple canneries or other
facilities to help them exploit their
tropical agriculture.
Claims-The peace treaty with
Japan provides that the United
States is not liable for claims
brought against her by Okinawans
between the end of World War II
and the end of the occupation in
Evening star., 1960-06-12
By ERIC GEIGER
Contributing Writer

TORONTO.-The long-awaited,
much-heralded and much-post-
poned immigration" of Italian
movie star Gina Lollobrigida to
Canada was finally staged last
week, but her grand entry scene
to the city where she and her
family plan to take up residence
would have been considered a flop
by most movie directors.
Less than 400 persons, the ma
jority of them airport workers and
waiting passengers, greeted her at
the Toronto airport; far cry
from the items of thousands" of
cheering Canadians that had been
expected to turn out.
There were a few shouts, "Hi,
Gina" a few waves, but there
were no cheers.
The relative lack of fanfare, and
the small crowd, was attributed to
the many postponements of Gina's
arrival since it was first announced
two months ago tnat she would
come to Canada in order to find
"a home and a citizenship" for
her Yugoslav-born husband, DR..
Milko Skof1c. and her two-year-
old son, Milko. jr., both of whom
are classified as stateless.
1t was obvious that Canadians
had lost interest in Gina's coming.
Local newspapers which only
recently proclaimed the date of
Evening star., 1960-06-12
Hawai-

Leaders in Hawaii are eager to
fill what they think is their ma
tural role as a link between the
United States and all the peoples
of the Far East.
Businessmen. scholars and
other civic leaders in Honolulu are
eagerly awaiting congressional
approval of appropriations for the
proposed East-West cultural CEN
ter to be established in Honolulu.
The thinking is that Hawaiians,
japanese, Koreans, Chinese and
other Asians can do a special job
of proving to the United States
allies in Asia and Africa that
American friendship is sincere
and understanding.
On their own, Hawaiian aloha
Ambassadors" are now touring
the Far East from Korea to
Southeast Asia, smoothing the way
for closer people to people" as
Sociations later.
The University of Hawaii is
taking a central role in the de-
velopment of a sound program to
educate key leaders of the Orient
in advanced American methods
of farming, planning, and general
economic and cultural develop
ment.
President Eisenhower cannot
escape hearing enthusiastic plans
the Hawaiians have laid out, and
the probability is that he will be
impressed, as most recent visitors
have been.
Evening star., 1960-06-12
japan

The Lower House of the Jap
anese Diet last month passed the
Japanese-American security treaty
and the Upper House is expected
to approve it, or allow it to take
effect, by the time President Eli
senhower arrives. But militant
opposition from the Socialist mi
nority and leftist student groups
has openly threatened to embar-
rass the government of Prime
Minister Nobusuke KiShi by DEM
onstrating against the American
President when he goes to Tokyo.
Socialists in the Diet are threat
ening to resign, in a further effort
to embarraSs the Kishi cabinet.
The threat of such a move to the
future of parliamentary govern
ment in Japan apparently has not
alarmed the Socialist leadership.
Despite the dark threats of the
leftist minoritieS, and the evidence
that these minorities can turn out
large crowds of demonstrators at
will, the Japanese government has
assured the United States that it
will have the situation under con-
troll when the President arrives.
Organizations backing the ma
Jority are now speaking up. The
Japanese Youth Council, claiming
a membership of 7 million, last
week issued statement approV-
ing the treaty, which extends for
10 years the defense arrangemeut
under which American forces are
stationed in Japan and can be de-
ployed, after consultation with
Tokyo, throughout the Far East
area for the defense of the free
world.
Rallies in support of the treaty
are now being planned.
Extra police have been assigned
to duty during President Eisen-
hower's visit.
japanese newspapers last week
showed evidence of alarm at the
anti-EiSenhoWer trend and edi-
torials began to appear urging
courtesy to the visitor rather than
an ugly incident which would
disgrace Japan again so soon after
her defeat in war in 1945.
There are no differences left
between the japanese and Ameri-
Evening star., 1960-06-12
Philippines

American and Filipino govern
mentS are still at odds on United
States military bases in the is
lands and the status of American
forces there-which country takes
jurisdiction in certain criminal
cases.
These are complicated issues
which President Eisenhower is not
expected to get into in Manila.
officials here expect the President
to get his greatest welcome from
the strongly pro-American Filipis
nos, despite some threats from
labor groups to strike discordant
notes.
President Garcia is expected to
make another strong bid for mod
ernization of the equipment in the
Filipino armed forces. Stationing
Of undetermined missiles in the
Philippines is not expected to come
up, officials here say, although
Manila leaders recently made a
big point of inviting the Ameri-
cans to station the weapons in the
islands.
Another bid for restoring recent
cuts in economic assistance to the
Philippines also is expected. The
American position is that the Fill
ipino economy has improved suf-
ficiently to warrant the cuts and
increases must await a cleanup Of
corruption in the government.
Evening star., 1960-06-12
COUNTRY BY COUNTRY SURVEY
BY EARL FL. VOSS
Star STAFF Writer

President Eisenhower's tour of
the Far East, like his other official
visits. is billed as a purely cere-
monial, non-negotiating journey.
But the many hours scheduled for
private talks with the chiefs of
state and other dignitarieS along
the way could hardly be filled ex-
clusively with small talk.
What are the major problems
which are likely to come up, if
not in specific, negotiating
sense, then in a general discus
sion?
Here are short sketches of the
principal topics of which Mr.. Eli
senhower is likely to hear:
Evening star., 1960-06-12
Okinuwo

The President will meet the
chief executive of the government
of the RyukyuS, Seisaku Ota, but
officials here doubt many substan-
tive issues will come up.
If they do these are the most
likely prospects:
Land - Okinawans have long
been sensitive to the losses of
farmland they have suffered to
accommodate American bases on
Okinawa. With the extension of
runways to handle bigger and
bigger jets, and with recently an
nounced plans to station an addi-
tional Army battle group of be-
tween 1000 and 1900 men on the
Evening star., 1960-06-12
Animated mop Of President Eisenhower's trovels.

nese government sees eye-to-eye
with the State Department on the
questions of recognition and ad-
mission of Red China to the
United Nations. So there are some
officials who believe the subject
will not even come up in the Eli
senhower-Kishi discussions.
Trade with the United States
is another matter, however. In
duStrialiSts and export = import
businessmen still would like to
loosen up trade relations and Mr..
Eisenhower may hear from them
their hopes for liberaliz:ng trade
arrangements with the United
States.
Japanese defense forces are not
about to be increased, so there is
not much pressure for more
American military aid.
Evening star., 1960-06-12
Nationalist China

Generalissimo Chang Kai-shek
is likely to seek mainly more re-
assurances that the United States
will stand firm in its present
China policy.
While economic progress has
been made in Formosa the Ma
tionalist Chinese hope there will
not be drastic cutbacks in eco
nomic or military assistance.
The Chinese Nationalist may
also make another bid for fur
ther assistance from private
American investors.
If the Communist Chinese use
the occasion of President EiSen-
hower's visit for further threat
ening moves against the offshore
islands there may be more pres
sure for increased supplies of
modern American weapons.
In anticipation of trouble from
Red China the United States has
already been sending late-model
aircraft and other modernized
equipment to Nationalist China.
Evening star., 1960-06-12
By NARANJAN UPPAL
Contributing Writer

NEW DELHI-Vietnamese Com
munists have launched new drive
against the pro-Western govern
ment of South Vietnam with a
campaign of subversion and kill
ing in the swamp ricelands south
and west Of Saigon.
Captured Communist documents
show the aim of the drive is to-
replace the government of PreSi-
dent Ngo Dinh Diem with a neu-
tralist one, and eventually to take
over the south of the country,
which was split into a Communist
north and a ro-Western south
by the Geneva agreement of 1854.
Some 1000 agents from Com
munist North Vietnam, highly
trained in special subversion
schools by Chinese instructors,
have made their way south in the
last six months, swelling the Com
munist force below the 17th par
allel to 5000. The belicose ad-
herents of South Vietnam's unique
armed religious sects add to the
governments troubles. The Gao
Dai and Hoa Hoa sects have be-
tween 100000 and 100000 fol-
lowers each.
President Diem's government
has detailed more troops to fight
subversion. 1t has also launched
an ambitious program of road and
bridge building in the uneasy Me-
kong delta. Moreover, it is max
ing dramatic regrouping of the
peasant population into new
towns, called rural agrovilles, as
part of its plans to tighten Sc
curity and provide protection to
the loyal elements.
In a clamp-down on Commu-
mist activities among Saigon's in
tellectuals it has also arrested a
number of Students doctors and
Journalists. Sweeping changes
have also been made in the top
ranks Of Saigon police.
History Of the Division
The trouble dates back to 1855
when President Diem, substan-
TALLY backed by Washington, re-
pudiated the Geneva agreement
and refused to negotiate joint gen.
eral elections with the North. Wet
nam was effectively cut into two.
American aid and advisers poured
into the South, while Soviet bloc
aid and advisers poured into the
North.
The Communists are using tao
tics which proved so successful
against the French-that of being
farmers by day and taking over
sections of the countryside by
night. But against this the Com
munistS have angered the popula-
ton in several parts by the exac-
tlon of taxes and brutal methods.
Recently the South Vietnam
government protested to the In
ternational Control Commission
against the creation of new North
Vietnam military units and at
tempts to militarize the whole
northern population. This, the pro-
test said, constitutes a serious
Evening star., 1960-06-12
BY WILLIAM r. FRYE
Contributing Writer


UNITED NATIONS, N. Y.-The
new Soviet disarmament plan is
one of those curious diplomatic
packages which look green from
the top, blue from the bottom. and
candy striped from the sides. 1t
is all things to all men.
If Soviet Delegate Valerian
Zorin, who attempted to hawk it
at the Geneva disarmament con-
ference last week, intends it to be
bought as an indivisible whole he
is obviously wasting his breath.
The West has no intention of buy
ing total disarmament.
But if the new plan is a diplo-
matte grab bag, separable pack
age, it is quite different story.
Some of the candy stripes, eX-
perts say, could be put to excellent
use.
The principal reason why the
West rejects total disarmament is
that no one has yet devised a solu-
ton for the "clandestine-weapon"
problem-the possibility, indeed
probability, that after treaty had
been signed the Russians would
hide between SO and 500 nuclear
bombs which neither an inSpec-
torate nor a corps of Western
spies could ever be sure of finding.
Rewards Suggested
I have just spent three days in
private with 110 of the United
States top experts in the diSarma-
ment field. They were brought
together at Arden House. Harri-
man, N. Y, by Tom Slick, multi
millionaire Texas oil man and
philanthropist, to plan a Western
strategy for peace"
The "clandestine-weapon" prob
lem figured Importantly in the dis
cussions. One very distinguished
nuclear scientist thought it could
be solved by offering, and per-
suading Russia to offer, with
maximum publicity, rewards of 81
million for anyone who would give
the international control body in
formation on hidden bombs.
Not many went along with this
thesis. If I were determined 20
save my country from the idiocy
of its leaders, and be hero when
the crisis came" a man closely
connected with the development
OF missile technology said, "I
would simply get together 20 small
groups Of conspirators, 10 of them
for real and 10 as decoyS. No one
group would know of the exist
ence of the other, or of my real
identity.
Sure TO Escope
THE 20 groups would each
steal or secretly manufacture five
bombs. One by one the 10 decoy
groups would let themselves be
caught, so as to give the impress
sion that the game was up. May
be one or two of the real groups
would accidentally get caught.
But eight or nine groups would
escape, and we would have at
least 40 bombs cached away. You
could do plenty with 40 H-bombs
Evening star., 1960-06-12

strictly away from South Korea's
turbulent internal affairs, sug-
geSting no solutions certainly but
seeking to provide an umbrella of
protection under which the
Koreans themselves can work out
their problems without fear of
Communist interference from the
north.
Mr.. Eisenhower may discreetly
indicate the free worlds interest
in a rapprochement between Korea
and Japan.
Evening star., 1960-06-12

1852. Under the peace treaty,
Japan is responsible for paying
Okinawans if they have just claims
against the United States. But
Japan has made only token pay
mentS and the Okinawans are
looking to Uncle Sugar" to make
things right.
Evening star., 1960-06-12
Korea

The few hours that President
Eisenhower spends in Korea will
be divided between showing Amer
lean confidence in the interim gov
ernment of Acting President
Chung Huh and demonstrating
United States backing for the Re-
public of Korea armed forces.
The United States is keeping
Evening star., 1960-06-12

threat to peace and a genuine act
of provocation toward South Wet
nam"
No precise figures are available
or North Vietnam's armed
strength. 1t is estimated to be
between 100000 and 100000. Now
Defense Minister General Vo
Nguyen-giap has announced that
the whole nation is being con-
verted into a militia" Reliable
sources say there are more than
300 Communist Chinese and
Russian military advisers" in the
North.
Communists Tighten Grip
Meanwhile, the North Wet
namese Communist Party Is tight
ening its grip over the Army be-
cause it feels the "class structure
of the Peoples Army is not salts
factory" as the percentage of
worker and peasant" soldiers Is
not large enough. A new Office,
Evening star., 1960-06-12
Currency DevoIuotion

The most striking confession Of
economic decline was the devalua-
ton of the North Vietnam cur
rency.
Although North Vietnam lies
under the vast shadow of Commu-
mist China, there has been, how
ever, no attempt so far to copy
Peking's great leap forward"
toward industrialization or to
adopt the commune system.
Despite it's internal weakness
and shortcomings, North Vietnam
continues to present a bold front
in international affairs. The
Hanoi government is currently en-
gagged in war of nerves with its
two capitalist" neighbors, Laos
and South Vietnam. These coun-
tries, Hanoi charges, are fascist
dictatorial states" harboring war
like designs against the north.
Hanoi frequently warns these
countries that they must bear
the consequences of their actions"
But if Hanoi plans war against
them, it can do so only with the
permission of Peking. Because,
as everyone knows, the Small
Dragon" has coal in its belly but
no real fire.
Evening star., 1960-06-12
1000 Bomb Plan
Newest Deterrent

if the enemy did not have any"
How to get them delivered on a
target? Reconvert civilian planes
and space = for peace equipment.
You could even smuggle bombs
across borders in suitcases, plant .
ing them in key spots and then
blackmailing the disarmed victim
state.
TotoI Disarmament Out
A substantial number of con-
fereeS-no vote was taken
quickly concluded that for this
and other reasons total disarma-
ment was out of the question. A
better solution, they felt, would be
a negotiated condition of stabi-.
lized deterrence with minimum
force levels.
Have East and West agree that
each would keep, say, 500 or 1000
bombS-enough to do unaccept-
able damage to the other in re-
taliation, but not enough to knock
out the enemy in a first strike"
Then harden" the delivery sys-
TENS on both sides, making them
as nearly invulnerable to attack
as possible.
A would-be aggressor would
have to multiply his permissible
forces at least 10 times over if he
hoped to destroy hard" delivery
system. Preparations on this scale
could be detected by any reason
ably efficient inspectorate, and the
potential victim, by increasing his
retaliatory force, could quickly
make it prohibitively expensive for
the aggreSsor to keep on matching
it 10 times over.
Reasonable Presumption
The man who put this idea into
most tangible shape for the con-
ference was Col. Richard Leghorn.
president of ITEK Corporation
and a frequent presidential ad-
wiser. Together with DR.. jerome
B. Wiesner of Massachusetts, In
stitute of Technology, who was staff"
director of the Gather Report,
Col. Leghorn recently toured Rus
sia, talking with high-ranking and
influential scientists and military
men. 1t is a reasonable presump-
ton that the plan for stabilized
deterrence is on many key desks
in the Kremlin.
Experts, therefore, are tantalized
by the fact that for the first time
Russia now has proposed that an
arms-reduction process begin by
dealing with delivery systems.
What Russia wants to do about
them-deStroy them-is quite diff,
ferent from what the West wants
to do; but if this part of the So
Wet plan can be separated from
the rest, then for the first time
both sides are focusing on the
same problem area.
Moreover, one essential part OF
stabilized deterrent system
would be inspection to curb man
ufacture of new bombs, once most
of the old ones had been con-
verted. The new Russian plan pro-
poses a joint East-West study Of
this, together with the clandestine
weapon problem, as the West had
urged earlier. Again. if separable.
this candy stripe looks tasty.
Evening star., 1960-06-12
Determined South Vietnom Drive
Mapped by Red Regime to North

the 'Directorate-General of Poll
tics" has been created at army
headquarters in Hanoi, and a vet
eran party man. Nguyen Chi-than,
has been appointed its chief with
the rank of "four-star" general.
MiIitory Lessons
Under his direction, the "Chi
Bo" or party cells are being es-
tabliShed at every army level. But,
according to Hanoi press, this is
meeting with some obstacles, A
number of company commanders
have disapproved of the fact that
military lessons must be approved
by the Chi Bo before being ex-
planned to the troops. Other Off
GERS maintain that the Chi Bo
should operate only at company
level and not for platoons and in
dividuals. This proves, a Hanoi
newspaper comments, that these
comrades have not understood
that party leadership must be alb
solute and comprehensive" The
official Peoples Army journal
has been busy building, for some
time, a dialectical staircase before
the commissars could move in.
"The purely militariSt viewpoint"
it said, sis a kind of bourgeois
viewpoint applied to the army"
Thus, politics, not soldering, is to
be the first concern of the Peoples
Army.
North Vietnam is having eco
nomic difficulties, too. 1t is now in
the throes of three-year devel-
opment plan. But President Ho
Chi-minh told planning officers
recently that the plan was unlikely
to attain its targets" Poor plan
ming, lack of labor discipline and
unsatisfactory political guidance
of the workers" were responsible,
he said. CadreS and workers, he
declared, must cooperate better
with foreign technicians."
Evening star., 1960-06-12
Alaska

The new States internal prob
Evening star., 1960-03-13

Of dollars" The book Charles Mackays memoirs of
Extraordinary Popular Decisions, first published in I84I -
and that's Where the excerpt Poe chosen today om
a result of the interview so Mr. Basuot that the
publishing firm Of e. Page Co. decided to reissue the book
in 1882 h ore~Ord by Mr. Ba,uot himself: Since then
has neOer gone out print perhaps because people believe that
BY reading they will discover the secret of making millions,
like Mr. Ba1uo a notion itself akin the popular deLu-
sions described in the book.
The book, Of the most fascinating of its kind deals %
'Horal edemic" th those wholesale hysteria that from
time to time grip cast of and
sOhioh later sOe look back on, amazed our folly
One of the most fascinating chapters in Mackays thick book
"Tuipomania" In 1856 the Dutch (pLus fair
part of Europc) Oent mad tulips It's appropriate
read about the when this blooming bulb
occupied the exact center of the stage.
MJ~ 2a@'';'