davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-01-16
NIXON
NIXON
Opening g Of Campaign
Covers Top Issues
Continued From First Page

NVAAttA0ON EAOhA u ~ - as e
property without compensation
Cuba must expect some reac-
tion."
Mr.. Nixon noted the Amer
ican public at present is paying
a premium of about $3.50 mil
lion for Cuban sugar.
I'VE believe that was in our
best interest in the past, but
there are other Latin American
countrieS-Mexico and PERU
that would like larger quotas.
II am not suggesting that the
quota will be changed. I am
only suggesting that the pres
sure within Congress will be
very great to change 1t as long
as Cuban government policies
involve confiScation Of Amer
ican interests in Cuba"
His speech last night was
his first public appearance
since he became a formal can
didate for the nomination by
giving permission to have his
name entered in three presi-
Dental primaries.
He also used his appearance
on the university forum for
his first public statement en-
his role in settling the steel
dispute that has been criticized
as political and the agreement
that was reached as imitation
ary.
Best Interests of People"
He called the settlement
negotiated by him and Secre-
tary of Labor Mitchell as "in
the best interests of the Ameri-
can people"
If there had not been q
settlement, the Vice President
declared, there would have
been "a grave danger" that
collective bargaining would
have been irreparably dam
aged" by congressional action
in an election year.
In denying that pressure was
used to get the industry to
reach a settlement, the Vice
President said I'VE have no
power to force a settlement"
1t was reached, he added,
because it was lower than any
figure the companies had been
able to get in bargaining with
the union, it was 80 per cent
lower than the pattern of
Evening star., 1960-01-16
Cyprus Talks
Open, British
Bases Are Hit

1
LONDON, Jan. 16 (AP).-
Five-party talks on Cyprus
opened today with Britain un.
der strong pressure to cut its
demands for two big military
enclaves on the strategic island
The conference Of British
Greek and Turkish foreign
ministers and leaders of the
Greek and Turkish speaking
Cypriot communities, begar
discussing arrangements fol
the island-colony's assumption
of independence on February
19.
The meeting was preceded
by an important compromise
on the issue of Cyprus future
ties with the British common
wealth.
Archbishop Makarios, the
Greek Cypriot leader who will
become the islands first pres
ident, and British leaders
agreed informally to shelvt
action on the question Of mem.
bership 6 to IL months.
Commonwealth Advantages
This will allow London tc
confer with other members Of
the globe girdling family of ma.
tionS on the Cypriot wish fol-
full, unlimited membership. II
the meantime the 100000
Cypriots will enjoy all the ad.
vantages of commonwealth
status.
The black-bearded Makario,
went into the f1ve-party session
resolved to block Britain's de.
mandS for about 100 square
miles of Cypriot territory a,
base areas for a nuclear bomber
force and a strategic reserve
OF ground troops.
AS the colorful prelate en-.
tered the Foreign ONCE a mar
wearing a white deaths heac
mask began shouting:
Empire loyalists protest >
Police hustled him away be.
fore he could complete the dem,
onStration on behalf of hi,
movement Of empire -firsters.
Vital Resources Involved
Under a 1859 agreement
Britain was allowed to retair
two military bases as soverigr
areas in Cyprus. The territory
would take in one or two Cy.
priot villages and would be rur
just like a tiny colony.
Archbishop Markarios OBJ.
jectS because the land cover.
some Of the islands most fertile
areas. Two-thirds Of the island
fresh-water wells also lie in tht
areas.
Archbishop Makarios alsC
fears the base areas could bt
developed in time into a sor
of little Hong Kong" in thl
Mediterranean that might be-
come a commercial rival to tn,
rest of the 3,572-square-mil
island.
Archbishop Makarios ha
countered the British demant
with an offer of baseland GOV
ering 36 square miles-abou
three times as big as Britain
present military base area.
In Athens, Gen. Georg
Grivas. former leader of tn
EOKA underground in Cypru
that fought British rule, ex
pressed anxiety over the Brit
ish demands for bases.
Only such bases shoould b
given to the British as are nov
held by them and on whicl
there are installations ant
buildings. Facilities for com
municationS between thes
bases should also be given +
the British" Gen. Grivas tol,
q news conference.
Evening star., 1960-01-16
Few Keep Top Jobs
In Castro Shokeups

to go anywhere. Mr.. Castro has
said.
Mai. Hubert Matos, scholarly
military chief of strategic
Camaguey Province, quit late
in October. He said he could
not go along with Communist
influence in the government.
Mr.. Castro accused him of trea-
son. Maj. Matos got a 20-year
prison sentence.
| Mr.. Urrutia, Mai. Diaz LAM
and Mai. Matos stand out as
central figures in three major
crises in the official govern
ment family. Some observers
consider the removal of Mr..
Pazos equally significant. They
see in his replacement, Mai.
ErneSto (Che) Guevara, an
intensification of the govern
ment's ultra-nationalistic and
left-wing policies.
Former ministers and their
present jobs include:
Robert Agramonte, Minister
OF State, now professor at the
University of Havana: Hum
berto Sori Marin, Agriculture,
private law practice; Luis Or
lando Rodriguez, Interior, Am
basSador to Venezuela; Manuel
Fernandez Garcia, Labor, Pri-
yate business; Julia Menderos,
Social Welfare, private busi-
ness; Julio Martinez Paez,
Health, private business; Angel
Fernandez Garcia, Justice, pri-
vate practice.
Some Held Over
Holdovers from the original
cabinet.
President Dorticos formerly
Revolutionary LawS); Rufo
Lopez Fresquet, Finance: Reg
ino Boti, Economy; Armando
Hart, Education; Enrique Oltu-
ski, Communications; Raul
Cepero Bonilla, Commerce:
Augusta Martinez Sanchez
Labor (ex-defense minister)
Julio Camacho, Transportation
OF IL survivors of Mr.. Cas-
tro'S 1856 invasion of Cuba
only 5 hold top jobs today-Mr
Castro; his brother Raul, Min
lister of the Armed Forces; Cue
vara; the National Police, Eff
geno Ameijeiras, and the Army
Chief of Staff, Juan Almeida
-Four have lesser military Jobs
Another Of these survivors
Faustino Perez, was until re-
Gently Minister Of Recuperation
OF Stolen Public Properties
Under his direction the minis
try yielded, by ofhcial estimate,
Evening star., 1960-01-16

HAVANA, Jan. 16 (AP).-
Less than half of the men who
made up Fidel Castro's first
cabinet remain in the upper
crust Of his official family to.
day.
Mr.. Castro made 10 minis
terial changes in his first veal
in power. Scores of lesser lights
in the government have beer
denoted or jettisoned or have
dropped out voluntarily.
Differences over revolution.
airy spirit" as Mr.. Castro calls
lit, led to part of the changes
Some of the more conservative
officials felt too much radical
ism was coming into the pic
ture. Most Of the shifts m port.
folios came after the promul-
cation last May II Of Mr.. Cas-.
tro's controversial agarian re-
form law.
Two Key Absentees
Two key absentees after thi,
date were high-ranking officials
with nonministerial rank, i'm.
portant enough to be named
by Mr.. Castro to the oficia
party that accompanied hin
last April on a swing through
the United States, Canada anC
Latin America. Felipe Pazos,
financier of hemisphere re-
nown, was eased out as presi.
dent Of the National Bank o.
Cuba and named ambassador
at large in Europe. Pedro LuiI
Diaz LanZ detected from hi
job as chief of the Air Force
claiming Communist influencl
in the government. He is nov
in exile in Florida.
Mr.. Castro's original cabine
had its FIRST shakeup slight.
over a month after it wa
named. Prime Minister JOS
Miro Cardona resigned, report
edly over differences with Pres
ident Manuel Urrutia. Presi
Dental palace sources said Mr.
Cardona opposed Mr.. Urrutia'
firm anti Communist stand ol
grounds no political EMIT.
should be prosecuted in tn,
New Cuba" Mr.. Cardona qui
and became Ambassador tc
Spain. Mr.. Castro took over a
Prime Minister.
MatOs Gets Term
In July Mr.. Castro, a bur
geoning one-man government
forced Mr.. Urrutia's resigna
tion by scathing persona
denunciation. Mr.. Castro &C
cused the president of "nea
treason" for not expediting ap
proval of new government de
crees. Osvaldo Dorticos, thel
minister or revolutionary laws
a portfolio since discontinued
became president. Mr.. Urruti,
fed to his home, where he re
main heavily guarded by MI
Castro's soldiers at his owl
request. according to the gov
ernment. Mr.. Urrutia is fre
Evening star., 1960-01-16


industry, and "the price OF
settlement would have gone
higher rather than lower after
the union had won an election
on the industry's last offer"
He indicated that only time
will tell whether the settle
ment would be inflationary
This, he said, involves the
question of whether the COM
panies and the union, working
together to increase production,
can absorb the wage increases
without raising prices.
Only Time VIII Tell
Mr.. Nixon said he did not
expect the support of David
j. Mcdonald, the union presi-
dent, as a result Of the settle
ment.
''Mr. Mcdonald is a Demo-
crat." the Vice President said
II expect him to support the
Democratic nominee. And !
respect him for it,"
His role in the steel settle
ment. he commented, was a
case Of where if it succeeds
you're a hero, If it fails, you're
a bum," and he added:
"Only time can tell whether
it will help me politically"
The Vice President was
equally restrained in other
comments. While he claimed
full credit for the Eisenhower
administration in keeping the
country at peace, he acbnowl.
edged that some mistakes
may have been made. II a
Democrat should be elected
President, he said. it would be
no reason ito send the pople
rushing to the hills"
Other Subjects Explored
His comments on other SUBJ
jects included:
Federal Voting Registrars
The Justice Department il
studying this and it would b,
inappropriate for him to ex.
press his views at this time
He said the department viii
determine whether this course
would be effective and constitu.
tional. II it fails in either re.
spect, the administration viii
submit proposals to attain tht
same end.
Civil Rights The problem
will not be solved by passing {
law. He urged the young people
in the audience to return Il
their communities and builc
good will and in time, he said
SO that the problem can bt
worked out in a way that viii
meet with approval in tht
communities. Whatever w
may think on the question O.
civil rights 1 think the great
majority of Americans vii
agree there is no moral justifl,
cation to denying any Ameri.
cans the right to vote" he said
Aid to Education - Fedora,
aid looks good on paper, but
it won't work. believe that
education is and should remain
a local and State responsible
ity."
The Vice President was ap-
plauded four times during his
answers to series Of ques-
tions that were put to him by
a panel that included two stu
dents, two professors and a
Gainesville businessman. One
heckler cried out, "Attaboy
Slippery" when he was explain
ing why he could not express
a personal view at this time on
the use of Federal voting reg.
istrars. He was applauded by
the audience at the end Of his
remarks and the heckler SUBJ
sided. ....
Evening star., 1960-01-16
Democrats List Seven
For Kickoff Speeches

Senator Hubert Humphrey Democrat of Minnesota was
chosen yesterday by the spin of wheel to be the first
at the Democratic Partys 1860 presidential
dinner here next Saturday
Names of the other speakers all mentioned Democratic
presidential possibilities this year. follow in the which
they were chosen to speak:
Gov. Meyner of jersey Senator johnson of Texas
Evening star., 1960-01-16

River Report
Potomac River cloudy at Harpers
Ferry and muddy at Great Falls,
Shenandoah cloudy at Harpers Ferry
Temperatures for Yesterday
Midnight ---- Al Noon 40
am. ~ AZ 4pm. - 40
sam 43 SPIN "a
Record Temperatures for the Year
Highest, 81. on January 10.
Lowest, ~, on January II.
Road Conditions
West-D. c. to Pennsylvania turn
pike. clear. Pennsylvania turnpike,
some slippery spots west of Breeze
wood: Ohio turnpike, clear. U. s.
40 West to Ohio, slippery spots in
the mountains. U. s. 80 West 10
southWV s. to Richmond. clear.
Shirley highway Virginia Route $500
clear Richmond South, clear. D. c.
to Charlottesville. clear.
North and East-D. c. to Delaware
turnpike, clear. House traiiers banned
due to high winds. New England,
clear. D. C. to Harrisburg, Pa. clear
The Gun and Moan
Evening star., 1960-01-16

more than 100 million pesos in
recovered goods and money.
He remains in the government,
unassigned as yet. His demotion
is still unexplained.
Evening star., 1960-01-16

For high and low tides at the fol-
lowing points subtract times indicated
from :he above
Annapolis, hours; Bloody Point
Light, hours; Colonial Beach, 5A
hours; Deale, 3 hours Solomons Is
Iand' hours; Point Lookout, g hours.
Evening star., 1960-12-18

White said "any commitment
in advance not to use nuclear
weapons to defend an ally
would be simply. to invite q
conventional attack on that
ally" He believes 1t would
be difncult for US to use-or
threaten to use-small, tactical
nuclear weapons If we were
not ready to fight and win
with the most powerful weapons
If the enemy raised the ante.
But II the big war started.
could this country in fact win
without destroying itself? Most
Navy officers are convinced
that the certain devastation
would make winning" q mean
ingless word and that this
country could not flnd and de-
stroy the enemy's forces.
Gen. White starts with the
assumption that we should try.
IF we don't continue to at
tempt to keep ourselves and
our principles alive, If. we don't
take the steps necessary to re-
sist an enemy successfully, then
We will lose our way of life
through our inability to de-
fend it,"
Large Forces Needed
He would not say what per-
centage Of the enemy long-range
striking forces could be de-
stroyed or the number of
American planes and missiles
necessary for the job. But he
agreed that the closer this
country adheres to q policy Of
avoiding hitting cities. the less
Evening star., 1960-12-18
STRATEGY
STRATEGY 4 NJ
Nucleor Doomsdoy
Alternative Offered

Continued From First Page
that American and Soviet cities
and the people In them will Just
have to, burn.
The quiet. scholarly Air
Force chief is arguing that city
destruction can and must be
rejected. He is busy now
strengthening out the thinking
Of his own Air Force-becaiise
Q lot of the douhters work for
him. The argument win 20
soon to the other services and
to the civilian defense bosses
in the White House and Con.
gress.
His views certainly will be
a matter Of dispute when Con-
gress reviews the military POLL
cies Of the old and new
administrations in January and
February. And If adopted, they
could reshape our military
forces. require Q new look at
civil defense and-more i'm.
portant to the public-save
this country from defeat or
death-dealing stalenate.
Evening star., 1960-12-18

their cities but not their mill
tary forces" the general said,
"they may risk the loss Of their
cities, evacuated perhaps, and
then proceed to destroy us at
will-forces. cities and people. /"
He also said, I'VE must not
be in such a position that we
couldn't seize the initiative If
we had to save an ally or blunt
an attack that was obviously
under way"
Allies q Factor
To people who say a "nuclear
stalemate" exists and that
there will be no big war-a
thesis heard frequently from
people advocating a small stra-
tegic war force aimed at de-
struction Of urban areas-Gen.
White said that ''in the long
history Of warfare all stale
mates have been broken, either
through new techniques or new
strategies."
He pointed out that people
tend to forget that we are tryL
ing to deter an attack not only
on this country. but also on our
allies. A suicidal" retaliatory
force. he believes. would make
our threats Of retaliation diff
ficult for the enemy to believe,
and-if our bluff were called
would put us 'in O very awk-
ward position"
The Arnry and Navy say that
other countries could be de-
Tended with limited war forces
using conventional. non-nu-
clear. weapons. But, Gen.
Evening star., 1960-12-18

chance there win be Of our
destruction and the more
chance Of our winning.
We should have forces bis
enough to win after surviving
q surprise attack on our bomber
and missile bases, Gen. White
said. If our surviving forces
were so small that we could
only hit his cities-whereas he
had spared ours - we would
have to consider the conse-
quences Of challenging a su-
perior force to q contest Of kill
ing civilians"
OF course If the enemy did
fiatten all American big cities
in the first blow, it would be
academic, in Gen. Whites view,
how we replied. But he hopes
the Communists realize that q
strategy that rejects city, de-
struction would be in their own
interests.
In reply to critics who say
that winning Is not q realistic
goal in the nuclear age, Gen.
White maintains that "the de-
struction Of enemy forces is the
age-old military problem. There
has never been a time in his
tory when it couldn't be done
If one went at it properly, and
with adequate forces"
Nothing is more serious" he
concluded, "than the UNDER
standing Of the meaning Of the
basic strategic alternatives.
National survival depends on
our maintaining q proper
strategy"
This series Of articles viii
Evening star., 1960-12-18


I, strategies. Nor. apparently, has
President-elect Kennedy, and
his military advisers. But pub
lie statements from both camps
indicate their beliefs that cities
viii indeed be the targets and
that our cities win be destroyed
in an all-out nuclear war with
Russia.
Gen. White and most Of
his officers say the proper tar
gets in time Of all-out war
should be only the long-range
striking forces Of the enemy,
plus his air defenses and mill
tary nerve centers. II we plan
to hit these targets. rather than
cities, we win gain important
advantages, he said:
First, we win save lives
American 1ives-by the scores
OF millions. according to an
AIR Force study.
Second, we will increase the
chances Of an American VIC
tory-even with O missile gap.
Third, we win make big wars
and attacks. on other countries
less likely. If q threat Of mas
sive retaliation does not imply
q promise Of national suicide,
then no enemy could mistake
1t for an empty blur.
Fourth, q practical and real
istic policy will provide q mill
tary umbrella under which
peaceful American cold war
and limited war actions can be
carried out with greater chance
Of success.
And nth. this strategy will
offer q rational basis for decid-
ing the nature and cost Of our
big-war weapons and for work
on a useful civil defense pro-
gram.
Red Thinking PrObed
ut ought to be obvious" Gen.
White said. "that you can't
deter . resolute enemy from at
tacking you unless he knows
that you can defeat HIM"
In othef words" he said
with emphasis, 20 force which
cannot prevail win not deter"
The alternative offered-de-I
terrence through a force aimed
at enemy cities-Gen. White
called "a very risky notion. "
He turned to the big globe
beside his desk and said:
''Nuclear war between the
United States and the Soviet
Union would be the greatest
disaster IN the history Of the
human race. Yet there is Moth
ing in the history or philosophy
of communism to indicate that
the Communists are unwilling
to face it,"
IF all we can do is destroy
Evening star., 1960-12-18

Nuclear war strategy. Gen.
White said. has deep signifi-
cance for all Americans.
"The difference between at
tacking cities as q target sys-
tenn and the enemy's weapons
as q target system could be a
difference of more than 100
million deaths on each side, /"
he said. "And that is the diff
ference between life and death
for q nation"
Advantages Cited
Those who want to build an
American big-waT force which
would destroy cities are found
largely in the Navy and among
civilian experts on military
strategy. But there are also
many officers in the Army and
even in Gen, Whites own Air
Force who argue for this point
Of view.
The Eisenhower adminiStra-
ton has not made the hard
choice between the opposing
Evening star., 1960-12-18
Dublin Once Used
As Dunish Base

DUBLN-The name Of Ire
lands capital. Dublin. b de-
rived from the Gaelic Dub
linn," meaning Dark Foo" :"
In the Eighth Century, after
SO years Of sporadic plunder-
ing. the Danes picked this place
as a convenient naval base for
their raids.
The little wooden town they
built by the harbor grew In
Importance as its trade with
the rest Of the Viking empire
increased. The power Of the
Danes was not finally broken
until 1014 when the Irish de-
feated them at the Battle Of
Clontarf.
Evening star., 1960-12-18
Jet Blows z Tires
But Lunds SufeIy

NEW YORK. Dec. IT tAPl.
"A DC-S Jet liner with l02
persons aboard blew out Q Of
its 10 tires on landing at Idle
wild Airport today. but man.
aged to come to q safe stop.
No one was injured and there
was no damage to the plane.
The ship was operated by
Panagra Airlines. It was ar
irving from Buenos Aires fol-
lowing q stop ct Miami.
Evening star., 1960-12-18

explore the alternatives and
their consequences In victory
and defeat, life and death.
Tomorrow: The Battle Of
the COmputers.)
The Adak sun., 1960-12-27

BREAKFAST CHILLED FIlEH FRUIT CHILLED FRESH MILK ASSORTED DRY CEREAL HOT PARMA E-2 GREEN PEPPEP ONION OiETLET OVEN FRIED HUNG HON MEAT. HASH BRO:N l'QT4yTOES Q-7O HOT TOAST-DUTTER- :
  COFFEE-TEA j..
The Adak sun., 1960-12-27

TI7IN7 - -- - - - -e- '-- CHILLED FRESH. FRUIT " CHILLED FRESH MILK ASSORTED DRY CE2EAL H0MINY GIFTS E-2
 HINGED '77EEF J-7o OVER H, T TOAST
 HOME FRIED POTAT0ES ICED GLAZED DONUTS C-6 COFFEE TEA-HOT COCOA
The Adak sun., 1960-12-27

'
The Adak sun., 1960-12-27

:.  <
Evening star., 1960-07-16

jack; AIS, 4:l0. sos, 8 and
9:55 pm.
Metropolitan - "The Lost
World; 11:55 am, 1855, $50,
$50. 1850 and $50 pm.
Ontario-"Portrait in Black;
1:25, 3:35, 5:45, 8 and 1910
pm.
Palace = "Pollyanna";; ILLS
am, l:35. 4:05. 6:35. eos and
1885 pm.
Playhouse - Savage Eye;
12:40. 2:15. 1855, 5;35, 7:l5
S;55 and 1890 pm.
Plaza--"For Members Only;
HAS am. lis. 2:4O,g 4:25,
6:l0, 7:50, 9:40 and ll:15 pm
Town - THE 80 Steps: l2
las, $3.50. $40. 7:O5, 8:55,
l0:40 pm. and 1925 am.
Uptown-"Can Cam; 2 and
$3.50 pm.
Trans-Lux - "Strangers
When We Meet; 1880 am.
Evening star., 1960-07-16
ALLEN
Starts Tomorrow.
CRACK IN THE MIRROR"
BETHESDA

Last Day. CIRCUS OF HORRORS"
Specta Color. Starring Some Of the
worlds Most Beautiful Girls and
200 Fabulous Circus Performers in
Spine-Tingling Story Of Thrills
and Horror Under the Big Top, at
1:35. 3:35, $40, 7:40. $40.