davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-10-09

Stanleyville. The Congo, never
a national entity and historically
a hotbed of intertribal warfare,
bestows its loyalties on a tribal
basis.
independence for this wealthy
land that was for so long a COL
ony of Belgium brought all these
tribal controversies to a head.
The Belgians, in their Brussels
conferences preceding independ-
ence, apparently believed they
had succeeded in achieving a
workable unity among the con-
tending tribes.
But events have proven that
they did not. and the Communists
of the world insist that the Bel
gianS never intended to.
President Joseph Kasavubu and
Premier Patrice Lumumba repre-
sent totally different attitudes to-
ward the future of the Congo.
They agreed to work together, but
the agreement was no better than
the air it was cast upon.
Evening star., 1960-10-09
Easy Victory

In past years, the United States
and its Western allies have always
experienced an easy victory. Com
munist China has been barred as
a U. N. member at each session
of the Assembly, but the vote in
favor of Peking has, each session,
been regularly less favorable to
the West. For several years it has
been plain to most observers that
the fight against Peking was sure
to be lost eventually.
This year the United States and
the West fought the battle again
against odds that were the heaviest
ever.
This year, an unusually active
one for the international tribunal
in the great. multi-Stored glass
and-steel house on the banks of
the East River. there exists a po-
tential bloc of "uncommitted" ma
tions. most of the newly admitted
members from Africa, that is in
clined to avoid commitments to
either side in the cold war. And
most of them feel, apparently,
that Communist China, whatever
its connections, ought to be a
member of the U. N.
For the United States. by nee
essity cast in the role of leader of
the Western world, the u. N. sit
uation was grim. A very brave
face was put on the matter, and
it was at least temporarily COM
forting to know that the argu-
mentS against Peking's admission
were still sound. But the fight
was far from decided, and the
victory was very probably not
Americas in the long view.
Evening star., 1960-10-09

nonsense. The Premier, or ex-
Premier, has remained safely
esconced in his comfortable villa
under the watchful protection of
Ghana units of the U. N. emer-
gency force.
Last week, backed effectively
by a working agreement with
President Kasavubu, Col. Mobutu
moved swiftly to neutralize an
important part of Mr.. Lumumba's
political threat. His loyal troops,
without opposition, moved into
Stanleyville. the Lumumba strong
hold, arrested officials of the Lu-
mumba cabinet, and held the inn
portant interior city in firm grip.
While Mr.. Lumumba appeared
to be steadily losing ground in his
Struggle to control the Congo, the
rebelliouS province of Katanga re-
mained thorny problem. There
appeared to be little doubt that
the Belgian and other European
investors in the rich mineral re-
sources of the province were oe-
termined to press their secessionist
revolt. A Congo Republic military
mission from Leopoldville was re-
fused admission to Elisabethville,
Katangan capital. on Wednesday.
And the Congo remains, as
nothing else has, the focal point
of controversy over the Vests real
intentions in the transition from
colonialism to independence. The
Communist world charges that
the granting of independence has
been nothing more than a sub
terfuge through which colonial
"exploiters" could continue their
rule. The West, citing the record
of the past Is years. mas stressed
the unselfishness of a policy that
has relinquished control Of mil
lions of people and billions in
wealth so that independence and
Self-expresSion may be realized by
the populations Of an immense
part of the world.
Evening star., 1960-10-09

many neutralist nations, including
several ordinarily loyal to the
West. The vote and the hand
writing on the walls was plain:
There would be but one more fail
ure at the most, and the United
States would once again be the
boy on the hook end of the fishing
pole.
In the bitter debates on the Red
China issue. the Importance of the
neutralist bloc, buttressed by the
admission of Is new nations in
the present session, was high
lighted by their vigorous participa-
ton. If Gen. de Gaulle is dis
couraged by the U. N. because of
its stand on Algeria. where French
soldiers still fight a rebellion, the
West has reason to be discouraged
by an uncommitted bloc of ma
tions that refuses steadfastly to
be intimidated or cajoled by either
of the principals in the cold war
that threatens mankind with mass
murder.
Evening star., 1960-10-09

Neutralist leaders felt very
strongly about their plan to bring
President Eisenhower and Mr..
Khrushchev together. Mr.. Khru-
shchev could have scored a ten
strike with them by agreeing: the
United States. by saying mo-"
gave him the opportunity. But
happily for the West. he bungled
his opening.
Perhaps the single most tangi-
BILE result of the U. N. session thus
far has been the excange of visits
between Mr. Khrushchev and
Prime Minister Macmillan of
Britain.
No Success
Mr.. Macmillan did not score a
dramatic success; certainly he
did not get EaSt-WeSt summitry
back on the rails for the i'm
mediate future, that is, for 1860.
But he established a contact
which he considered highly i'm
porUanU, IN Mr.. KhruShchev's
present state Of mind. And he
went away believing that Mr..
Khrushchev, at least, would not
take any dramatic action to upset
EaSt-West relations until there is
an opportunity to attempt new
summitry next year.
If Mr.. Macmillan is right-and
he is nobody's fool-Mr. Khru-
shchev's sound and fury in the
U. N. signify nothing of real sig
nificance for relations between
Moscow and the West. But 1t is
not clear how far this applies to
relations between Red China and
the West.
Thus Western diplomats, look
ing to Asia, still have their fingers
crossed.
Evening star., 1960-10-09
On the Road:
Quicker Pace

The first TV debate was almost
a straw vote. 1t ushered in a week
where people stopped on the
streets to say who they thought
had won-or at least, who had
pushed ahead. Too many polls to
count appeared. Everywhere the
votes were already being cast. No
body hesitated to give an opinion.
If conscientious readers and
hearers and viewers added up the
impressions of all these reports
had the facts-they would have
got the impression that most peo-
pie thought Senator Kennedy was
leading in the race-but only by
a small margin.
NewSweek Magazine, on more
understandable grounds than
most, reported from a 50-State
survey of political writer's that
Kennedy was leading in States
with 329 electoral votes and Nixon
in States with 208.
AS for the candidates them
selves, it Is obvious that they got
the idea from all these reports
that they should work q little
harder. Both had record weeks.
Evening star., 1960-10-09
Scorecord on Khrushchev's u. N. Action,

Moscow could exploit, and if so.
was frustrated.
1t is difficult for observers to
find single, concrete issue on
which the table-thumping, fist
waving Soviet Premier has had his
way. The U. N. has stood up we'll
against his two-gun tactics.
But this, of course, is not the
only measure of his success or
failure. The real measure must
be taken in terms of his posture
in the Communist world-spe-
cifically vis-a-vis Red China-and
his impact on the neutralists.
Here the careful observer is on
less certain ground.
There is a profound undercur-
rent of anxiety here over Red
China's military intentions. One
high-ranking Asian diplomat told
me last week that the world has
never been closer to war than 1t
Is at the present Time.
This was an extreme view, but
others share some of his concern.
They think Peiping is straining at
the leash to attack Formosa and/
or the off-shore islands. They also
are watching India's borders with
anxiety.
Mr.. Khrushchev has done moth
ing to set at rest these fears. On
the contrary, he has deliberately
fed them. saying at one point that
he would support an attack on
Formosa if it took place, and add
ing that if Russia had been in
Red Chinas place, the attack
would have occurred long ago.
U. N. diplomats do not neces-
sarily take these statements at
face value. They translate them to
mean that Mr.. Khrushchev is not
Evening star., 1960-10-09
Feud Still On

Despite protestations that a
working arrangement might be
possible, there has been no di-
minution of the Kasavubu-Lu-
mumba feud. President KaSavubu
has. as of now, succeeded in firing
Mr.. Lumumba. but only because a
young army officer. Col Joseph
Mobutu, decided that the chaos
of total confusion was just too
confused indeed.
Col. Mobutu, with the backing
of a significantly large part of the
bewildered Congolese army, took
firm grip on the situation. So
far at least, he has brooked no
Evening star., 1960-10-09
A Good Show

What the agitated public saw
was good show. As a produc-
ton, it went like this:
The setting was much better.
1t was still far from rocco but
had rather the appearance of q
display Of expensive summer fur
niture in fairly high-class store.
Mr.. Nixon's makeup was no.
ticeably better. The fact that he
hardly smiled at all (neither did
his opponent) gave him the ap-
pearanoe of a man apprehensive
that he'd better keep on his face
just the expression the photog-
rapher advised.
Mr.. Kennedy-minus makeup
had the self-assurance of the
actor who'd been told he was good
in rehearsal.
Both men seemed more at
ease than during their original
encounter but there was an air
of wariness about them. They
were all business. leaning over
backwards to appear reasonable
but firm. At no place was there
any threat of excess. Occasionally
the viewers saw an impatient Mr..
Kennedy watching Mr.. Nixon
answer a question. 1t might seem
that he was on the verge of in
terrupting-but in this best or
dered of all possible campaigns it
never actually came about.
Evening star., 1960-10-09
The WEEK IN PERSPECTIVE
Soviets' u. n. WAITING Game

The United Nations General
Assembly, gathering together
more nOtableS at q single time
than have ever been seen in the
history Of the modern world,
continued last week to dis
courage the hopes Of mankind
for peace in a welter Of con-
troversy and bloc invective.
In Asia, there exists nation
of almost TOO million people. It
is governed by a Communist re-
gime that, by all the accounts
available to the Western world, is
ruthless, determined, and totally
undismayed by whatever costs in
human terms its program for the
rebirth of China may entail.
Just off the coast Of China
proper, on an island called For
mosa by its Portuguese mappers
and Taiwan by the Chinese, there
exists the remnant of a govern
menu CnaC once ruleo-mOre or
less-all of China.
Yesterday the issue Of which
China was to be represented in the
United Nations was decided for
the tenth straight year, and once
again the United States won. The
vote in the Assembly on an Amer
ican-sponsored resolution reject
ing action at this session on
Communist China's bid for mem
bership was AZ in favor, "a OPP
posed. % abstaining, and one
nation tthe Congo absent.
The United States, leading the
forces opposed to the admission
of Communist China to the U. N,
repeated the charges of yester-
year: The Peking regime had at
tanned power by intrigue, betrayal,
and violence; it had resisted with
armed forces the efforts Of the
U. N. to bring peace to sundered
Korea; it continued to challenge
the forces Of the world that seek
peace and coexistence.
Evening star., 1960-10-09
On Red China

Yesterday the Assembly, in a
marathon Saturday session, con-
cluded the debate on whether the
Communist China issue should be
added to the agenda. Mr.. Khru-
shchev, who on Friday had indi-
Gated that he was ready to make
another speech in the Assembly,
changed his mind and went off to
Glen Cove. the Soviet Unions
Long Island retreat, for the week
end.
But the support for the Red
China debate was strong, and it
moved Ambassador Wadsworth to
sharp words. He chided India's
v. K. Krishua Menon for compar-
Evening star., 1960-10-09
For Algeria:


Ferhat Abbas, Premier of the
Provisional Government of Al
geria, was a visitor in Peking
last week. And in France, there
were riots and manifestOs over
the Algerian issue.
One top statesman, an import
ant key in the Vests stand on
today's cold war issues, took a dim
view of the u. N. session. Not
only was he absent-he was
publicly, obviously, patiently and
deliberately SO. His name, is Gen.
Charles de Gaulle. and as the
President of the French Republic
he ranks as one of the most i'm
portant leaders of the West in this
strife-torn world.
Gen. de GaulIe'S problem is,
domestic one. Of all the Western
chieftains, he has been consist
emily the man most impermeable
to argument. Establishment. or
persuasion. He is still, as he was
in the midst of World War II, the
personification Of the Gross of
Lorraine.
The first statesman of the
Western alliance to leave the U. N.
session was French Foreign Min
lister Maurice Couve de Murville.
There was no coincidence in his
early departure, because Gen. de
Gaulle's attitude toward the U. N.
was we'll known in advance. But
it seemed almost a matter of clair
voyance that the French were able
to predict so accurately that the
chief Soviet line at the U. N.
would be the matter of colonialism.
Evening star., 1960-10-09
Stronger Fare

The fare Of the debate was
stronger than the first. There
were more disagreements. FIRE.
quently each debater would say
the other was entirely wrong" or
inaccurate" but always with a.
politeness and formality appropri-
ate to a man who had already
won our highest Office.
Of the l3 questions asked, eight
dealt with foreign affairs and five
with domestic.
The replies drew. in large meas
ure, upon words the candidates
had already spoken. On a few a
stronger stand was taken. For
example:
QUEMOY AND MATSU-Mr.
Kennedy took the position that
these islands of the Chinese coast
were strategically indefensible and
said a pull-back from there might
be acceptable in our defense
of FormoSa. Mr.. Nixon said
this was the same kind of wooly
thinking that led to disaster on
Korea" The important thing is
that these islands "are in the
area of freedom" and we should
protect them.
ON THE U-2 FLIGHT-Mr.
Kennedy said diplomatic regrets"
were accepted practice on such
occasions, citing an instance when
the American Government sent
such regrets after a United States
plane flew over Russian territory
two years ago. Mr.. Nixon replied
that Mr.. Kennedy was wrong in
thinking that such regrets would
have saved the summit meeting.
The U-2 flight was right" be-
cause its purpose was to defend
the country against surprise at
tack and the country should not
apologize for doing what is right. :"
ON CUBA-Mr. Nixon said he
believes we are pursuing the right
course toward Cuba &c. the only
proper one which will see that the
Cuban people get a chance to
realize their aspiration of progress
through freedom and that they
get that without cooperation
with the other states of the Or
ganization of American States"
-. There were II dictators in
South America and in Central
America when we came in in
1858. Today there are only three
left, including the one in Cuba.
Senator Kennedy said that his
main criticism was of failure of
the administration to use it's in
f1uence to persuade the Cuban
government to hold free elections
particularly in 1857 and 1858.
ON THE NEXT SUMMIT-The
sole question which brought the
expression II agree" from both
candidates was What would you
do about a summit meeting?"
Both said they'd meet but only
II some preliminary groundwork
had been done on the secondary
diplomatic level and it showed
promise that there could be some
progress made at such a summit
meeting.
Otherwise. the debate covered
by-now-familiar ground on civil
rights, possible tax increases, the
record Of the Eisenhower admin
istration, the state of the economy
and farm SurpluSes.
Evening star., 1960-10-09
BY WILLIAM r. FRYE
Contributing Writer

UNITED NATIONS, N. Y.-It is
natural to try to draw up a
scorecard on Nikita Khrushchev's
performance at the United Ma
tions-natural, and perilous be-
cause the game is still very much
in progress.
What Mr.. Khrushchev has set
out to do, virtually all agree. is
to rule the U. N. or ruin it, in
either case portraying himself,
for the benefit of his Communist
audience, as dynamic revolu-
tionary crusader, the supreme
champion of Socialism.
So far he has not been able
either to rule or ruin.
He has tried to dynamite open
the U. Ms doors for Red China,
all but threatening war in the
Formosa straits andior a Soviet
bloc walkout from the world Or
ganization if he failed. But he
could not even force formal con-
sideration of the issue.
Evening star., 1960-10-09

for the final two sessions before
the November 8 balloting is as
follows:
October l3 Thursday, at 7:3O
pm, Eastern daylight time. A
split screen will be used because
Mr.. Nixon will be in Los Angeles
and Mr.. Kennedy in New York.
The primary subject will be for
eign affairs.
October 81 friday at 10 pm,
Eastern daylight time, in New
York City. The candidates are
expected to reaff1rm their strong
est points made in the three
preceding debates in this conclud-
ing encounter. Both domestic and
foreign affairs matters will be
taken up.
Evening star., 1960-10-09

confident he can keep Mao Tse-
tung leashed much longer. But
this Interpretation is not much
more reassuring.
Westerners believe Mr.. Khru-
shchev's performance at the U. N.
is an effort to recapture or solidify
his control of the Communist
world by acting as its spokesman.
Whether he has sufficiently in
creased his prestige in Communist
eyes to accomplish that aim, there
is no way for outsiders to know.
NeutraliSts have varied in their
reactions. Prime Minister Java
harlal Nehru of India resisted Mr..
Khrushchev at key points, but
nevertheless seemed to buy otner
parts of his theses, notably that
part which was critical of MI.
Hammarskjold's Congo policy.
NeutroIs Aided
Presidents Nkrumah of Ghana,
NaSSer of the United Arab Re-
public. Sukarno of Indonesia and
Tito of Yugoslavia went further
in Mr.. KS direction, but whether
this was because they had been
swayed or because Mr.. Kllru-
shchev had anticipated their views
was not wholly clear.
Private African comments
show that many of the new ma
tions have been repelled by the
Soviet Premier's personal be-
havior. 1t may be natural in some
parliaments to heckle from the
floor and stage calculated tan
trums at regular intervals on the
podium, but in the U. N. it is not.
1t is utterly unheard of, and many
Africans think Mr. Khrushchev
is demeaning "the club"
Evening star., 1960-10-09
In the Congo:
Some Progress

The precariOus stability Of
the Congo seemed at least a bit
better last week. Col. Joseph
MObutu, the military strOngman,
succeeded in further steps to
weaken the back country
strength of Patrice Lumumba,
Ousted Premier.
The stronghold Of Patrice Lu-
mumba, named Premier of the
Congo Republic on the day Of in
dependence, has always been
Evening star., 1960-10-09
THE NATIONAL SCENE
Second Debate Turns
On Foreign Affairs

The second Kennedy Nixon
Great Debate" on Friday night
attracted q teIevisiOn audience
of "a million people.
That the most important issue
In the presidential campaign Of
Senator Kennedy and Vice Presi-
dent Nixon is foreign affairs was
presented to the country dra-
mAtically In the second Great
Debate"
The first question asked was
about Cuba. Thereafter, most of
the questions pertained in some
way to our international rela-
tions. The answers of the can
didates picked up in intensity
when the questions were on for
eign affairs.
The debate-most widely her
aided political event in years
stood to lose something of its
potential value when interest
over its formal eclipsed interest
over anything that might be said
by two men who had been speak
ing dozens of times a day for
weeks.
The question of Mr.. Nixon's
makeup-who would apply it and
what would it be-was burning
issue on the eve of the debate.
Senator Kennedy's gesticulation,
or lack of it, was equally i'm
portant with the range of his
voice. Criticism of the studio
setting of the first debate was
so vigorous that the design of
the setting for the second was
front page news-the first ap-
pearance of interior decoration
in such a spot.
Evening star., 1960-10-09
A Whipping Try

He has tried to whip Secretary
General Dag Hammarskjold into
resigning, using scorn, intimida-
ton, and virtually every epithet
in the book. But Mr.. Hammar-
skiold, in one of the most stirring
scenes of the session, def1ed him
and won a standing ovation.
Mr.. Khrushchev tried to reverse
the U. Ms Congo policy, and
there too ran up against a stone
wall. He may have wanted a
meeting with President Eisen-
hover under conditions which
Evening star., 1960-10-09
Debates to Come

With just a month remaining
in the 1860 political campaign,
the TV debate score stands at two
down and two to go. The schedule
Evening star., 1960-10-09
Kennedy's Travels

Senator Kennedy whirled around
in the center of the country. On
some, days he made IL and is
COptinued on Page CA
Evening star., 1960-10-09
Peking

Last week the Premier of the
Algerian provisional government
journeyed by way of Moscow, to
Peking, capital of the Peoples
Republic of China. With his ret
inue of several ministers and Off
cials of the Algerian regime.
which has its headquarters in
Tunis and has been recognized as
legitimate government by all the
Continued on Page ca
Evening star., 1960-11-10
Coti|Iion Club Lays Plans
For Thanksgiving Ball =

Invitations have been mall
ed for the Thanksgiving Ball
planned by The Cotillion
Club for Friday, November
Is, at the Washington Golf
and Country Club.
ost-debutante daughters
and college-age sons Of mem
bers will be honored guests
at the formal dance. Offcers
and committee chairmen will
be in the receiving line. Be-
cause the group is composed
primarily of couples, each
ofice Is held by husband and
wife.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Lacey
Harvey Of Arlington hold
the ofnce Of President. The
vice presidential spot is held
by Mr.. and Mrs. Douglas G.
Lindsay Of Alexandria. Mr..
and Mrs. Arthur L. Walters
Of Arlington carry the title
Of secretary, and Mr.. and
Mrs. Gordon Mills Grimes of
Arlington that Of treasurer.
Committee chairmen in
clude the following: invita-
tionS, Mr.. and Mrs. James
M. Mccutchen Of Arlington
and Mr.. and Mrs. Robert
Bradley Craig Of Washing
ten; decorations, Mr.. and
Evening star., 1960-11-10
Poroplegic
Is Good


Mrs. James Nyce, . para
plegic, was the first applicant
for the good house sense
course being offered now by
the Montgomery County Tu-
berculosis and Heart Associa-
ton in Silver Spring.
The course. which lasts
through next Wednesday. Is
designed to teach stream
lined work techniques to
homemakers who must con-
serve their time and energy
and still meet the demands
of. their homes.
Although Mrs. Nyce cheer
fully copes with the demands
Of her house and two sons
aged five and six. with no OUT
side help. she says she hopes
to learn o few new tricks and
Evening star., 1960-11-10
Andrea Zerego
To Exhibit

A preview Of q one-man
show by artist Andrea Pietro
zerega win be held Monday
from S to 1880 pm. at the
Franz Bader Gallery.
The exhibit viii be open
to the public Tuesday through
December 2 from Q am. to
SPIN. daily except Sunday.
Evening star., 1960-11-10

Mrs. Frank Millner Trent Of
Arlington and Mr.. and Mrs.
John Cotter Layton Of Alex
andria; refreshments, Mr..
and Mrs. Robert White Ro-
chelle Of Silver Spring; hos
pitality. Mr.. and Mrs. John
Franklin Armstrong Of Arl-
ington, Mr.. and Mrs. John P.
StrauS Of Alexandria. Mr..
and Mrs. Howard A. Post Of
Fairfax County and Mr.. and
Mrs. James B. McCurley Of
Chevy Chase, Md.
New officers of the group
will be chosen at q Beaux
Arts Ball and dinner dance
scheduled for early spring.
Evening star., 1960-11-10

shortcuts which she can
adapt to her special needs.
Mrs. Nyce's paraplegia fol-
lowed an attack Of Asian flu
three years ago. She does all
her housework from a wheel
chair and has time for such
hobbies as mosaic tiling. cera-
mics and making lollipops.
which her sons claim are "the
best in the world"