davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-04-27
Malice Aforethouqht

A spokesman for Premier Kishi's
Liberal-Democratic government has
given an effective answer to the Krem-
Inns latest protest against the new
Japanese-American treaty of mutual CO.
operation and security. The sum of the
answer is simply this: That the protest,
presented in the form of a memoran-
dunn, and apparently timed to support
Tokyo'S riotouS antitreaty demonstra-
tionS, amounts to nothing but malicious
propaganda seeking to estrange Japan
and the friendly nations of Asia"
To that end, according to the
spokesman, the memorandum-like Red
China's similar misrepresentation and
downright lieS-"makes utterly false
charges" against the pact, "willfully dis
torting'' its true contents and purposes.
Further, as pointed out in the spokeS-
mans statement, this newest Soviet
protest accuses the United States of
being an aggressive force engaged in all
sorts OF villainieS-an accusation that is
certainly inconsistent with Nikita Khru-
shchev's loudly proclaimed desire to ease
international tension and to promote
peaceful coexistence.
AS for the treaty itself, the truth is,
OF course, that it is a wholly legitimate
defensive undertaking fully in accord
with international law and the Charter
OF the United Nations, and we'll designed
to serve the cause of peace, freedom and
progress in Asia. The rioting against it
is the work only of a small minority,
whose worst and most violent members
are described as extreme Ieft-wing
students belonging to "Zengakuren"-an
organization so radical that even the
Communists are reported to have dis
owned it. Along with the Socialists,
however, the Communists have organ
lied rallies throughout the country to
bring pressure to bear on the Diet
(the Japanese Parliament) in an effort
to make it vote against the treaty's
ratification
Although Premier KiShi seems to
hold comfortable parliamentary edge
In that respect, the ugly mob spirit dis
played by the student rioters, with their
frenzied attempts to break into the Diet
ouAAOA4lSJ lido C1CdIcu oil
OF marked tension, and the ratifying
process has been delayed accordingly.
With its new protest, the Kremlin evi-
IDENTIFY has sought to capitalize on the
situation, and to inflame it as much as
possible. Thus, as charged in Tokyo,
the Soviet Union has once again inter-
fered in Japan's internal affairs by
striving to influence public opinion
against the pro-Western Kishi govern
ment and the security treaty.
Fortunately, despite this blatant
intervention, there appears to be little
doubt that Mr.. Kishi enjoys the support
OF the great majority of the japanese
people and that the treaty will be rati-
fed in due course. Meanwhile, though,
with the Paris summit meeting just
fortnight away, it is Sobering, if not
altogether discouraging, to take note of
the malice and mendacity still to be
found in the Kremlin'S international
operations.
Evening star., 1960-04-27

Music Critic Irving Lowens
has spoken severely Of Joel
Rosen'S ability as a pianist, in
The Star of April 19.
Apparently. Mr.. Lowens has
not heard Mr.. Rosen before.
Not only has Rosen toured
repeatedly with Reginald Kell
as Kell's accompanist, which
alone speaks well for his SEN
sitivity and versatility, but his
solo recitals in this city have
shown a rare technical mas
terry and maturity of concept.
I hope that Mr.. Lowens has
another opportunity to hear
the capable Mr.. Rosen and
revises his opinion of this
brilliant musician.
David FlOdin.
Evening star., 1960-04-27
Mr.. Rhee Is Throuoh

The real objective of the Korean
rioters-to get rid of President Syngman
Rhee-now has been realized. Mr.. Rhee
has resigned, and there is nothing for
the American people to do now except
to wait and see what emergeS in Korea.
Actually, the Rhee government was
doomed week ago when, at the peak
of bloody rioting, our State Department
issued public rebuke to the Korean
strong man." This was in the form of
statement which termed the demon
StrationS" in Korea product of repreS-
Sive measures "unSuited to free democ-
racy," which indicated apprehension
concerning "repercusSions abroad" and
which called upon President Rhee to
prevent unfair discrimination against
political opponents of party in power"
Inevitably, in our judgment, and despite
after -the-event disclaimers, this was in
terpreted in Korea as indicating State
Department sympathy with the objec-
tiveS of the rioters. At any rate, after
this State Department pronouncement,
the rioting, once suppressed by martial
law, fiared up anew and brought down
the Rhee government.
Now the question is: Who will
govern in Korea? Will the shape of the
new government be dictated by the stu
dentS-by those who looted and sacked
the home of the Korean Vice President,
not to mention side excursions in burn
ing, pillaging and vandalism? Or will it
be possible to find some responsible new
leader who will be able to assert and
exercise the authority which undoubt-
edly is required-and this without re-
gard to whether it is described as
democracy or dictatorship? This is
something for which the State Depart
ment has large responsibility and
with which it should be busily concern
bng itself For there is much basis, we
fear, for the reported feeling among
some Asian diplomats that the United
States has acted too hastily in this mat
ter. 1t is one thing to bring down the
head of small and dependent state on
grounds of wrongdoing or dictatorship.
1t is something else to raise up an ade-
quate replacement.
Evening star., 1960-04-27
Peiping's Price Rejected

On its face. Asia's own big summit
meeting between Premier Chou En-lai
of Communist China and Prime Min
lister Nehru of India has ended just
about where it began. Two border areas
about $4,000 square miles in the
Ladakh sector of Kashmir and about
$4,000 square miles in the region of the
Northeast Frontier Agency-remain in
dispute AS practical matter, military
control of the areas continues in Red
Chinese hands. And, on the diplomatic
level, intergovernmental negotiations
will go on at least through September
of this year.
Behind this outcome of more than
a week of talks at New Delhi, however,
1t is possible to specify some gains for
Mr.. Nehru and the Indian position. Mr..
Chou failed, for example, at an old
bargaining trick of aggressors, namely,
to sell the idea of compromise" based
on Chinese surrender of what they had
seized in the northeast in return for
keeping what they had seized in Ladakh.
Mr.. Nehru said there would be mo bar
tering away" of Indian territory, and
even Mr. Chou acknowledged to press
conference that India 'iS not entirely
agreed" on the proposed swap The Pei
ping envoy engaged in an even stranger
piece of face-saving doubletalk when
he described the MacMahon Line, which
India claims as its northeast boundary,
as completely unacceptable" but added
1--WE will not cross that line"
For the moment, of course, Red
China has lost none of the acreage in
volved in its aggressions. 1t has, how
Evening star., 1960-04-27

Thank you for the story
Operation Rescue" (Star
magazine, April ID. The pic
lures were deeply moving,
and the account of one wom-
ans courage and mercy most
inspiring. CMrS. Catherine
Briggs of Peace Plantation0
I have visited Peace Plan
tation in Virginia. 1t is a
perfect example of DR.. Albert
Schweitzer's philosophy Of
reverence for life" Here, at
Peace Plantation, if homes
cannot be found for the lost
or abandoned animals. the
animals are permitted to live
out the remainder of their
lives in a kind of animal
paradise. Mrs. Catherine
Briggs is indeed an angel of
mercy to these unwanted ami
mails.
I am also grateful to you
for printing Dogs Prayer"
(Star, April 22) submitted by
Reynolds G. Sprague. How
ever, it is not sufficient to
think of the suffering of ami
mails only during BE Kind to
Animals Week" The whole
problem of the suffering of
animals is so enormous that
it staggers the imagination.
If cruelty to animals is to
be wiped out, the right edu-
cation of children which will
insure that they grow up to
be merciful and compassion
ate adults must be carried on
in home, school and church.
If Mr.. Sprague and others
similarly moved to pity for
suffering animals care to
Evening star., 1960-04-27

necessary the later creation
of a Federal transportation
corporation.
The temporary agency's
main task would be planning
the regional mass transit Sys-
tenn: it could begin to acquire
land, construct and even OPP
crate in the District of Co
lumbia, but in Maryland and
Virginia only with the con-
sent of the respective Gov
ernorS of these States. The
Federal corporations powers
to acquire land, construct and
operate would be subject only
to the provisions of the Ma
tional Capital Planning Act
of 1852. The powers of the
contemplated interstate COM
pact agency are of course un-
specified.
Now we face the crucial
question-Why don't all the
officials of the region rush to
buy this proposal? I submit
that there are at least three
possible reasons.
First, there is the question
of how the capital obligations
incurred by the Federal Gov
ernment eventually will be
amortized. Will the District
of Columbia, Maryland and
Virginia later be asked to as
sumo full responsibility for
an investment that may run
from one quarter to one half
a billion dollars? This is a
query to give the local State
officials pause to think, since
it is they who would have to
shoulder the burden of get
ting an interstate compact
through their respective leg
islatureS.
Second, the question of how
decisions on the location of
transit routes in Maryland
and Virginia would be made
if the corporation were to
come into being. This is an
explosive issue in suburban
communities, since the poten-
tial transit routes and asso-
ciated stations and parking
lots will prove to be major
factors in local land use dens-
tiles and other developmental
matters. The recent Federal
decision to program the con-
Meeting link between the Dis
trict of Columbia and U. S.
Route 240 through the Wis
consin Corridor is an unfor-
tunate precedent for the kind
of planning and decision
making machinery provided
for in the administrators
mass transit bill.
Evening star., 1960-04-27

ever, encountered Mr. Nehru across the
bargaining table and found that he is
not prepared to purchase a settlement
at Peiping's price. For his own part,
Mr.. Nehru was made aware when the
New Delhi talks were scheduled that
Indian public opinion would stand for
no appeasement. His performance in
this case should strengthen confidence
in him at home, and be welcomed by the
neighboring smaller nations that are
living close to the threat of Communist
Chinese expansion in South Asia.
Evening star., 1960-04-27

H STREET.
Dear Sir:
Il ran across something
in my reading recently that
interested me. 1t was about
William of Ocean, a 14th
century monk, who was
called Doctor Invincibilis.
His principle of parsi-
mony was called Oceans
razor, and read: 1T is vain
to do with more what can
. be done with less
IT suppose this was meant
to apply to matters medical,
but it seems to me that we
all might use it in everyday
life.
To-day the accent is on
compleXity. We see it
everywhere, in cities, in the
country districts, in business,
and in the streets and the
theaters.
Everywhere we go. and
everything We do, is so
completely complex that it
is difficult to see how it
could be more so, but we
have only to wait another
year to see how it is done.
This complex character
of our lives extends into
education and even taxes.
One has but to remember,
his income tax blank to see
at once how things grow
more complex year by year.
When we started this
thing of income taxes, I paid
the sum total of $54 a year:
now pay more than I earned
then, and then have to make
out a big check, too, and fill
in papers that only lawyers,
really, are trained to handle.
Truly, it is vain to do
with more, what can be done
with less.
"All departments of modern
life could be simplif1ed.
This simplication not only
would end millions of sheets
of paper work, but add great
ly to human life, since it
would cut the stress and
strain of living to a mini
mum.
The famous suburban life,
now so complex, might bene-
fit the most of all, since the
very purpose of moving out
from the city, to find peace
and quiet, is so often vio-
lated as things are, whereas
if we lived simple lives, we
would gain what we move to
get, at the same time our
society on the whole would
benefit from saner living.
"All in all, I think the old
monk had something, when
Evening star., 1960-04-27
THIS AND THAT
BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL

he told us that it is vain to
do with more what can be
done with fewer. Papers
and blanks and question:
naires and forms of all kinds
tend to smother the spirit of
man.
How can we be kind, gen.
erous, pure, worshipful, when
all our lives are blanketed
with rigamarole and whoop-
dee-do? We need to take
serious thought. before it is
too late, and seriously to try
to do with less, rather than
more. We can, if we try.
Sincerely, F. j."
X 4 y
The value of the simple
life has been stressed for
centuries.
All the time, life kept on
becoming more and more
complex.
There is nothing much
that can be done about it.
1t is just part of the nature
Of man.
Every facet of modern life
depends partly upon its be-
coming more and more COM
pleX, because that is the way
the mind of man works.
Simplicity, instead Of being
the keynote. is just some
thing to get away from.
1t is the beginning. Of
which ans become
slightly ashamed, as they be-
come aware of their own
ability at creating puzzles.
y
Our correspondent will
find that doing with less,
while very commendable, in
theory, is often vitiated by
everyday life, in which COM
plexity scores heavily be-
cause it offers US puzzles.
The human mind loves a
puzzle, or, if it doesn't love
it, at least is fascinated by it.
Just as monkeys are lured
to find food by solving the
puzzle of a maze, so the
human mind is seldom satis-
fed with simplicity, but goes
ahead Immediately to build
up compleXity.
What is to be done with
such a creature?
He lauds the value of love,
then goes ahead to make
war. The little things of life
he despises, because they do
not go fast enough to suit
him.
1t is the individual soul,
alone, who can apply Fra
Oceans razor, to prune away
some Of the surplus values
and leave the true ones.
Evening star., 1960-04-27
Support Urqed for Immediate Transit Agency


Third, the matter of eff
fectively integrating highway
and transit planning so as
to insure that these mutually
competing types of mass
transportation facility are
economically balanced. The
administration bill would put
transit and highway plan
ming in different agencies, an
arrangement that many be-
lieve would inhibit the de-
sign and operation of an
integrated mass transporta-
ton system.
I am sure that each of
these reasons as given could
provide the basis for pro-
longed discussion and argu-
ment, but this is just the
trouble. There is so little
time for debate on so many
fundamental features of a
permanent solution. Two
days of congressional hear
ings-probably May 5 and 6
could serve merely to call
these problems to general
public attention.
The Star editorial does
point the way to a solution.
Let's get on with those tasks
that can be undertaken with
a modicum of consensus, and
arrange for what does not
now exist at all-namely, a
regional organization for
continued planning and linn
tied but urgent operations,
plus arrangements for order
ly negotiation of the knotty
financial and organizational
problems.
The Interfederation Coun-
Gil. representing the major
civic federations of the re-
gion, have proposed amend
ing the administration bill
so as to provide the follow
ing: A Federal agency with
powers to plan mass trans
portation for the region, gen.
orally along the lines of the
proposed , National Capital
Transportation Agency; a
directive to that agency to
take the leadership in work.
ing out acceptable solutions
to the long-range problems.
and come up with an answer
by a certain date; elimina-
ton, for the time being, of
the authority to create a
Federal corporation.
c. Darwin StOlZenbach,
Chairman, Special Com
mittee on Metropolitan
Organization, the Inter-
federation Council.
Evening star., 1960-04-27
Advice to NAACP

I am a thirteen-year-old
girl and I have been reading
about the Negro sit-down
demonstrations. The NAACP
says it has enough money
and enough lawyers to defend
all the Negro students who
have been arrested.
Why doesn't the NAACP
take some of this money and,
Evening star., 1960-04-27
Tribute to Bortsch

Only recently IN a leJCer 10
The Star I made mention of
the many illuStrious people
who left this beautiful world
in the loveliest month of the
year, April. And now I have
another to add - my dear
friend, DR.. Paul Bartsch, who
lived to be 80!
At his country estate, Leb-
anon, en- route to Gunston
Hall; the home of George
Mason, DR.. Bartsch grew
more than 100 varieties of
ferns. The preserve is home"
for an assortment of animals
and birds. including foxes,
eagles, wild turkeys and
geese.
His death came at a time
of the year when the trees
and plants that he loved
ash, oaks. tulip poplars, ferns
and aZaleas-are now out IN
all of their glory, blossoming
in the ravines of the estate
that he acquired in 1912 and
turned into a wild life sane
tuary.
His willingness to share
the knowledge he had gained
from a lifetime study at
tracted more than 1000 per-
sons yearly to his stately
home. Lebanon was built four
years before Mount Vernon.
I remember dedicating a
poem, "Wildflowers," to DR..
Bartsch. I quoted his slogan,
Enjoy us but do not destroy
U.S."
So another great person
has left our midst in. the
month of April.
Lucille Agniel Gaines.
GunSton Manor. Va.
Evening star., 1960-04-27
LETTERS TO THE STAR

make concrete evidence of
their compassion, contribu-
tions to Peace Plantation will
enable Mrs. Briggs to answer
many more prayers of suffer-
ing and abandoned animals.
Therese Ann Olson.
Evening star., 1960-04-27

instead Of always trying to
. stir up trouble, help the Ne
gro to better himself? Look
at all the improvements the
NAACP could make in Wash
ington!
Evening star., 1960-04-27

Pen names may be used II
letters carry UriterS' correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject to con-,
denS1tion.
Evening star., 1960-04-27
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Some Ailments Are Not lust Nerves
By THOMAS R. HENRY

gence. although this doubt
less plays a major part in
higher orders of behavior
such as philosophical think
ing and the like.
Birds. for example. have no
discernible cortex. DR.. GAL
ambos explains, yet parrots
learn to talk, or mimic human
speech, and many birds can
be taught other sorts Of in
volved and complicated tricks.
Ability to learn in some
fashion extends from the top
to bottom of animal life,
even to one-celled creatures,
and many scientists feel the
basic mechanism is the same
from man to oyster. Learning
is a phenomenon of the brain
as a whole, DR.. Galambos
explained.
The basic pattern of an
animals behavior is deter
mined by inborn drives such
as hunger, self-peservation
and sex. These patterns have
become established by mil
leniumS of hereditary trial
and terror by the species.
But an individual must
modify them to some extent
to suit the world he lives in,
and thus he learns" to act
appropriately. The drives are
essentially the same up and
down the animal scale. In
man and perhaps some others
of the higher animals they
become refined by affections,
ambitions, compelling inter-
ests and the like, and then
are called motivations.
Various theories of learn
ing have been proposed in
the past, many of them based
on the Conditioned reflex"
theories of the Russian phys
iologist Ivan Pavlov.
Learning Not Automatic
Modern theories go far be-
yond his ideas because since
his death in 1885 much ad-
ditional information has
been developed by scientific
investigation in the field Of
how the brain works. While
its precise mechanism is still
not understood, DR.. Galam-
bos pointed out, learning is
not an immediate automatic
reaction but requires time
such as would be required by
a brain cell reorganization.
The same ele m ent was
demonstrated by subjecting
the rat brain to electric
shock treatments at various
intervals after exposing the
animal to a maze situation
in which he could learn.
Such shock tre a tments
thoroughly disrupt the brain
cell organization so that even
basic behavior patterns may
temporarily disappear.
When these shocks were
given to rats within five
minutes after exposing them
to the maze situation the new
pattern of behavior did not
appear but if an interval Of
a half hour or more passed
the shock treatment made
little difference to the learn
ing.
Evidently the brain cell
events essential for learning,
wherever they may be To-
Gated. require many minutes
to get organized into their
new durable pattern.
Further research along
these lines may lead to i'm
provementS not only in psy-
chiatric treatment but, quite
possibly, in techniques Of
human education.
Evening star., 1960-04-27

Ailments presumably due to
stress and emotions-such as
high blood pressure and pep
tic ulcer of the hard-pressed
executive-have specific phys
ical causes.
They are not "juSt nerves"
or imagination. A long way
towards a demonstrable mind
(brain) body link has been
established in crucial expert
ments at the Army's Walter
Reed Institute of Research.
This was reported to the
National Academy of Sciences
at its annual meeting here
by DR.. John w. Mason of the
institute stag.
DR.. Mason told the academy
of links between specific
brain areas and specific en-
docrine glands, such as the
pituitary and the adrenals.
Two brain structures, the So
called amygdaloid complex
and the hippocampuS, situ-
ated in the most. primitive
part of the cortex, or top of
the brain, were found to ex-
ert marked effects on the
pituitary adrenal cortical
system which secretes the
vital hormone, hydrocorti-
some.
Evening star., 1960-04-27
Emotional Stimuli

Electrical stimulation of the
amygdaloid complex resulted
in an immediate rise in the
blood level of hydrocortisone.
When this minute brain area
was removed animals failed to
show the normal hydrocorti-
some response to conditioned
emotional stimuli, suggesting
that the amygdaloids nor
mally participate in emo
tional processes.
Stimulation of the hippo
campus, on the other hand,
produced a delayed and pro-
longed suppression of hydro
cortiSone levels in the blood
plasma. When the nerve A.
bers emerging from the hip
pocampus were sectioned sur
gically the animal showed
a more prolonged hydro
cortiSone response to emo
tional stimuli and did not
show the usual suppression of
hydrocortisone levels which
follows emotional disturb
ances in normal monkeys.
These and other recent ex-
periments suggest, DR.. Mason
said, that both the amyg-
daloid and the hippocam-
pus act in a co-ordinated
fashion during emotional
stress. bringing about an in
itial increase in the secretion
of hydrocortisone \ followed
by suppression in the after
math of emotional distress.
Another recent finding de-
Scribed by DR.. Mason was
that male monkeys showed
marked increases in their
basic blood level of androgen,
or. male sex hormone, after
the amygdaloid complex was
removed from the brain.
+
Learning anything new
that is, q new pattern of be-
havior-involves a reorgani-
zation somewhere among the
brains billions of cells. AMI
NAL experiments demonStrat-
ing this were reported to the
National Academy of Sciences
by DR.. Robert Galambos Of
the Army'S Walter Reed In
Stitute.
The brain cells involved are
not necessarily in the cerebral
cortex, or top of the brain,
generally recognized in the
past as the organ of intelli-
Evening star., 1960-04-27
'Operotion Rescue

Margaret Taylor.
Evening star., 1960-04-27
Pianist Joel Rosen

Holicong, Pa.