davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-06-05
Quick Response

Senator johnson, now almost
an avowed candidate for PreSi-
dent (see The National Scene)
moved swiftly to keep the Khru-
shchev cablegram from beccm-
ing ammunition in the Republi-
can campaign arsenal. He called
it IAN arrogant denial of the
facts" and an obvious dt, empt
to divide the American people
in their support OF the President.
No Democrat last week was
eager to attract the "appease-
ment" label that Vice President
Nixon and other Republican
leaders were only too anxious to
attach.
The Soviet disarmament pro-
posal was made Thursday in for
NAL communications to all am
basSadors at Moscow and to the
delegations at the United Nations.
In essence. it asked for the
prompt abandonment of the
means of delivering nuclear
weapons: Abolition of missiles,
rockets, aircraft carriers, Subma-
rines, planes capable of delivering
a nuclear blow. The abandonment
of these carriers, Moscow pro-
posed in a concession to Western
. insistence on previous occasions,
would be supervised by an inter-
national inspection authority. And
in another partial concession, the
Soviet proposal accepted Western
views on an international police
force, under United Nations aus
piceS, to oversee the arms cuts.
But the U. N. police force" en-
viSioned by the Soviet note would
Evening star., 1960-06-05
The RoodbIock

Then came the inevitable road
block. Mr.. Tsarapkin insisted that
Soviet representatives must in
Spect the devices themselves, "look
inside" the black boxes which pre-
Sumably would contain American
atomic secrets. This new Soviet
condition, Western officials quickly
noted, was sharp turnabout"
from the previous Russian stand.
The State Department, COM
menting on the Geneva develop
mentS, said Mr.. Tsarapkin'S posi-
ton did not appear to reflect
full knowledge of previous state
mentS of Soviet scientists E"
This was a reference to discus
sionS with Russian nuclear scien-
lists on plans for a co-ordinated
series of tests by all three nations
represented at the Geneva talks.
Mr.. Tsarapkin had said Thursday,
however, that the Soviet Union
would not conduct tests, either of
nuclear or conventional explosives.
Evening star., 1960-06-05

tions Committee Thursday, de-
Tended vigorously his action in
ordering a worldwide military
alert on Sunday, May is, the
evening before the summit con-
ference was scheduled to begin
in Paris. Mr.. Gates declared
that the alert was prudent"
sound precautionary measure"
ordered after the United States
had been informed of Mr.. Khru-
Shchev'S intention to wreck" the
summit conference on the fol-
lowing morning.
The Defense Secretary testified
that he had favored the action of
Mr.. Eisenhower in taking personal
responsibility for the flight of the
captured U-2 spy plane. He told
the Senators that the repeated
over-f1ightS of the high-altitLd
reconnaissance planes during the
last four years had provided in
valuable" information on Soviet
airfieldS, missile bases, missile
testing and training, submarine
building, atomic production and
aircraft deployment. He indi-
Gated complete sympathy with
the intelligence operation, and
voiced doubts that the Soviet
Union would carry out its threat
to attack foreign bases from
which American espionage flights
took off.
Mr.. Khrushchev, in his cable
grams to Chairman Fulbright of
the Senate Foreign Relations
Committee, Senate Majority
Leader Lyndon Johnson, House
Speaker Rayburn, and ,Adlai E.
Stevenson, titular head of the
Democratic Party, expressed Rus
sian bewilderment that a pollti-
cal opposition party-the Demo-
crats-would automatically sup
port a foreign policy conducted
by the administration. He re-
peated his contention that the
"perfidy" of the U-2 mission had
Evening star., 1960-06-05
Rejection Seen

Since the entire concept of the
North Atlantic Treaty Organiza-
ton rests on the existence of
United States deterrent" bases in
foreign countries, the Soviet pro-
poSal appeared tailor made for
failure. Yet there were some op-
timists, despite the chilling winds
of the post-Summit climate, who
saw in the Moscow proposals
enough reasonableness to justify
hope that a basis for negotiation
still existed
Summoning some 400 reporters
to a special press conference Fri
day, Mr.. Khrushchev explained
the Soviet disarmament proposal
as the only certain way to pro-
lection against surprise attacks,
ION the prevention of which there
has been so much talk in the
United States of late" With dis
armament achieved, said the
Premier, Eisenhower, Herter, Dill
Ion and company-and especially
Nixon-could then fly over any
part of Soviet territory they
wanted to. And we would wave
to them from below -
But the Soviet leader was once
again mercileSs in his diSparage-
ment of President Eisenhower. If
there had been any prospect left,
after the Paris invectiVe against
the President, that he could ever
meet again with the Soviet Pre-
mier in dignity and pride, it van
ished completely after Fridays
uninhibited, humiliating diatribe.
Asked about Mr.. Eisenhower's
plan to propose new "open
skies" proposal to the United Ma
tions, Mr.. Khrushchev declared
that the President can do as he
likes. When the President is no
longer President, the best job we
could offer him here would be as
a head of a home for children.
We are sure he would not harm
children. But to have such man
as the head Of a great nation is
dangerous"
Evening star., 1960-06-05

echoed the suggestions of diplo-
mats here in Washington after
the Friday remarks that Mr..
Khrushchev is thoroughly con-
vinced that the peace sentiment
among the American people is
strong enough to defeat any preSi-
Dental candidate who takes a
hard line" toward relations with
the Soviet bloc.
What Mr.. KhruShchev over
looks, it seems, is the fact that
craftsmanship" on one side pro-
vokeS it on the other. The harsh
aloofneSS and Steel-fist aggres-
sionS of Josef Stain in the post
war years brought the excesSeS of
McCarthyism to the United States,
the Manchester Guardian Weekly
observed Thursday. And if Mr.
Khrushchev and his ministers
rattle saberS in Moscow, they can
not but encourage more of the
same in the United States, with
the certain result that the detente
so long sought by both sides will
be more difficult to find than
ever.
Evening star., 1960-06-05
More Insults

Among a number of additional
insults, the Soviet chief declared
Mr.. Eisenhower had mo will
power" to control men like Mr..
Nixon. Mr.. Hcrter and others
who were leading the United
States along a path that could
unleash a new war" He went
out to play golf" during the Sem
ate U-2 inquiry, snorted Mr..
Khrushchev, asking What can
you expect of such a man?"
1t was plain enough after all
this, if this much more were
needed, that Mr.. Khrushchev and
the men in the Kremlin have
abandoned all prospects of nego-
tiation with the United States di-
rectly while the current admin
istration continues in Office. 1t
was also very clear that Moscow
views Mr.. Nixon as knave rather
than a fool and therefore an un-
desirable successor to Mr.. Eisen-
hover. Observers in Moscow
Evening star., 1960-06-05
InJopon::
Protests

Street demonstrations in To-
kyO continued to plague the
government of Premier NObO-
Suke KiShi.
Student demonstrators protest.
ing the new United States-Japan
mutual security treaty were
strengthened last week by left
wing labor unions. The Sohyo, a
labor federation with more than
million members, called
work stoppage yesterday in Tokyo,
Osaka and other major cities that
tied UP trains, buses and street.
cars, halted postal services and
jammed highways with traffic.
On Friday there was a bloody
melee on the grounds of the Pre-
mier's residence when students
battled police with sticks and
rocks. The students were again
demanding the resignation of Mr..
Kishi and the calling of new cleo
tionS for the Diet before the
United States military alliance
treaty goes into effect. And all
week massive demonstrations,
most of them relatively nom
violent. called on President Eli
senhower to cancel his proposed
visit to Japan scheduled to begin
June 10.
Yesterdays huge demonstration,
estimated to number more than
$4,000, was aimed almost exclu-
sively at the Presidents visit. The
paraders. marching to the United
States Embassy, chanted Ike,
Don't Come and Yankee Go
Home" No attempt was made to
storm the Embassy, which was
guarded by some 100 policemen in
steel helmets and armed with
clubs.
Mr.. Kishi's government showed
no signs of yielding to the de-
mands for the scrapping of the
United States treaty or for new
elections. Preparations for the
Eisenhower visit went on despite
the demonstrations. There was no
Continued on Page CA
Evening star., 1960-06-05
THE NATIONAL SCENE
A Growing Feeling
ForSenotor johnson

Senator J0hnSOn's campaign
for the Democratic presidential
nomination slammed into high
gear last week as Senator Ken
nedy, the frOnt-runner. kept un
his momentum by grabbing off
the big Michigan delegation.
Premier Khrushchev cast a
greater shadow over the Ameri-
can elections with an unbridIed
personal attack on President
Eisenhower and Vice President
Nixon.
A man with the brand of
"LBJ" roared across six States
like real "so'wester" last week,
leaving a string of impressed
delegates and political observers
in his wake.
Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas,
the Majority Leader of the SEN
ate, had emerged as a blown,
deadly serious candidate for his
party's presidential nomination.
Although he still refused t. an
nounce his candidacy formally,
this is how the Johnson cam
paign went:
. With the Democratic conven-
ton to open in Los Angeles a
month from next Sunday, John
son made five-day speaking and
meeting tour of six Western
StateS-the Dakotas, Idaho. Ne
vada, Washington and California.
Q He met with New Jersey
Democratic delegation and eX-
posed it to his Texas charm.
. House Speaker Rayburn. his
political mentor, announced on
Thursday the formation of a
Citizens for Johnson" National
Committee, with these top leaders
IN the Truman administration as
co-chairmen: Oscar Chapman,
former Secretary of Interior, ard
Mrs. India Edwards, former vice
chairman of the Democratic
National Committee.
In his speeches and news con-
ference remarks, Senator Johnson
hit hard at "steamroller' and
"bandwagon" efforts-a slap at
Senator Kennedy, the front-run-
ner, whom he called a mice young
man'-and observed condeScend-
ingly that he had appointed Mr..
Kennedy and Senator Symington,
another presidential aspirant. to
their important committee assign
mentS.
Evening star., 1960-06-05
Tells of Alert

Admirals and generals of the
United States called attention
to American striking power. Some
Senators proclaimed their con-
fldence that the United States
today could win a nuclear war.
The candidates and prospective
candidates for the 1860 presiden-
tial election picked their way
carefully through the debris of
the summit, all obviously watch
ing intently for some sign of the
public's reaction to the shock Of
the failure.
Defense Secretary Gates. testi-
flying before the Foreign Rela-
Evening star., 1960-06-05
On the Summit

But Mr.. johnson did more than
toss barbS at his party competi-
tors. He solidified a stand on a
key campaign issue which left
him on a course very nearly 1870
degrees from that being pursued
by Senator Kennedy, Senator Sy-
mington and Adlai Stevenson. a
fourth possibility I'm the race for
the nomination. This concerned
the Big Four summit meeting
debacle.
While his opponents concen-
trated their fire on the Eisen-
hover administrations handling
Of the U-2 spy plane case, in
sisting that this provided Premier
KhruShchev with the excuse to
scuttle the summit conference,
Evening star., 1960-06-05
The Test Ban:
NeWHurdIe

The Soviet Union demanded
full participation in proposed
United States underground nu-
clear tests, including inspection
of the devices employed.
When the conference on a nu-
clear test ban resumed at Geneva
after the Paris summit fiaSco, all
seemed to be harmony. Prospects
of an agreement appeared bright
despite the new chill in Soviet
Western relations. The Soviet del
egate. Semyon K. TSarapkin.
assured his British and American
colleagues that Moscow was ready
to agree to the American proposal
for a series of underground tests
to provide detection data.
All the Russians asked, Mr..
Tsarapkin said, was a guarantee
that the nuclear devices exploded
in the series would not be weap-
ons, or aid in the development
OF weapons. James J. WadSWorth,
American delegate, offered such
guarantees for the IL blasts
planned in the "Vela Project" by
pledging that:
/. No new or untried type of
bomb would be used.
2. All devices employed would
be exhibited under international
surveillance with Soviet repre-
Sentation.
3. Soviet observers could be
present at the explosions, use their
own measuring devices, and take
readings from those of the Ameri-
can testers.
4. There would be no "diag-
noStic" tests for future weapons
DEVELOPMENT.
Evening star., 1960-06-05

Reporters last week disclosed
that some members of the House
entertained themselves and
their wives with taxpayers
money.
Congressional junkets and the
men who make them have always
been fair game for the inquiring
reporter. Over the years, scores
of stories written in outraged
tones have taken the errant pub
lie officials to task when eXcesses
have been uncovered.
The criticisms, where legiti-
mate, have been noted with due
seriousness by the leaders in both
chambers, but then have largely
been ignored. (Custom is a power
full thing and congressman have
grown accustomed to having the
best and a lot of it when they are
travelling on public businesS.")
Last week. however, evidence of
altered expense vouchers and eX-
penditureS for bar bills and enter
tainment for wives by some Con-
gressmen was disclosed by the
Knight newspaper chain and Life
magazine.
The first reaction on the Hill
came when the House clerk
clamped a secrecy lid on expense
vouchers. Heretofore, they had
been available for public inSpec-
ton. Soon after this precipitate
action. Speaker Rayburn assured
reporters that they would again
be given access to these docu-
mentS, as soon as arrangements"
could be made.
Future examinations are to be
made under strict supervision.
There were indications, too, that
the House Administration Com
mittee, whose chairman, Rep
resentative Burleson of Texas,
promised tightening up of regu-
lations pertaining to allowable
expenses, would screen the vouch-
erS first.
In addition to this Congress has
these major legislative hurdles to
clear or ignore in the month
before it adjournS:
Foreign aid; school conStruc-
ton; health for the aged; mini
mum wage increase: Federal
workers pay raise and farm aid.
1t made some headway last
week on two of these issues: The
pay raise and health aid for the
aged. The required number of 219
Continued on Page CA
Evening star., 1960-06-05

apparently be subject to the veto
of any one of the permanent
members of the Security Council.
And the entire scheme was con-
ditioned on a major point almost
certain to be rejected quickly by
the United States:
Simultaneous liquidation of
military bases in foreign countries
and the withdrawal of all mill
tary garrisons to within the from
tiers of their own nation"
Evening star., 1960-06-05
Williams Aid

What pushed their optimism to
a new high was the announcement
by Gov. G. Mennen Williams,
Evening star., 1960-06-05

made a Summit conference i'm
possible if the Soviet Union was
to keep its self-reSpect, thus that
the conference was torpedoed by
Mr., Eisenhower himself, not by
the Soviet side.
Evening star., 1960-06-05

Custom

Reporters last week disclosed
that some members of the House
entertained themselves and
their wives with taxpayers
money.
The Illinois times. (Champaign, Ill.) 19??-19??, 1960-06-13

man Was willing TO stay at The ranch.
but he wasn't willing TO do any work
except when Was there myself to
watch him. The fourth man rad
to fire for laLineSX theft and igno-
rance
Now Frances. this is not a com
paint am merely telling you SONS
facts, which you can verify if you
wish. am telling them to you in tbs
hope you can have some influence.
y lot of US like the Negroes and want
to be friends with them and help
them. But it seems they only take
advantage of our friendship.
Well that's what he said, and YOU
listener know yourselves that ne Mas
speaking the truth, you know N
your hearts there are people among
US who are like the ones he spoke of.
said was not gong to lecture,
and won't. will just say this: the
next time you hear White man say,
Oh read in the White mans Newspaper.
something derogatory of Negroes
as a race, want you 10 pause a
moment before you get angry. |
want you to ASK yourself if YOU nave
always made good impression.
1t is absolutely necessary that We
az a race should accept the response
bilitieS of citizenship if We expect TO
be treated on terms of equality.
Most of US know this and VIC 10
our best TO earn respect for our race.
Ii is the irresponsablc> among us Who
hurt US all
The Illinois times. (Champaign, Ill.) 19??-19??, 1960-06-13
ITS DADS DAN-I9oO

Now, that its Dads Day 1900, its
about time thai VIC, as a race should
get ON the ball and be more
dependable. Responsibility is an all
important factor of employment II
NC wish 10 &c employed VIC must
make up our minds To work and 10
STAY on the job. whether NC arc
The Illinois times. (Champaign, Ill.) 19??-19??, 1960-06-13

immediately Matched o>er ~ not.
live san not nc dcpcnded upon Ne
cAn no, &c employed Certainly, not
all ri ~ are undcpcndahIc nu, he
i,,lurc ii ono OF ,l> Weighs mighty
IhcaNilA in the minds ut all Who wish
The Illinois times. (Champaign, Ill.) 19??-19??, 1960-06-13
EE GGlORXAL
FRANCES WALTERS SPEAKING
ON THE RESPONSIBILITY
OF NEGROES

VI ANA~1NAE.O--
! had quite long shat yesterday
with an acquaintance OF mine in Reno.
He IS white man Who has an office
in town and ranch outside of town,
In both of these places he has had
policy for Years of employing negro
help when he can find any qualified.
Well, yesterday he told me he was
Changing his policy and would employ
only white help hereafter.
Of course | protested. And asked
him why. And he told me.
Now. could make this talk in tho
form OF sort of lecture, but no one
likes lectures, least of all myself. |
don't want you 10 tune me out. |
want you 10 listen So l think will
just tell it just as this man told il tu
me-and he was sad when he said
it, TOO.
He said, Frances, you know that
do not believe IN racial intolerance
of any kind. 1t has been my conten-
hon always that only two things
should count with an employer of
Decentralization, and efficiency. Put
these two together and they spell
reliability.
You know also Frances, that in
the pa>t have employed quite a
number Of negroes in various jobs.
have had three Negro Secretaries.
have had four Negro men employed
= different times on the ranch.
What ~ more 10 the point,
iancrS. You have Known me a lonu
TINE and you know that am NOT
difficult to set along With. | done
expect miracles. If hrc someone
to do a ioh and find nc doesn't
know how. AK him If he Wants ~
learn. II he SAY YES, ~ 10 teach
MIN. Generally have found people
Ct your race very quick Ia lear
Not one OF my employees can say
that was unkind or inconsiderate or
that worked them too hard for the
money they were paid.
Yet | am Obliged now to say that
| can't afford 10 so on. The next
man | hire viii DC white.
The main reason is that have
found almost a complete lack of
responsibility among the Negroes
have hired. They have been pleasant
To deal Viih-there isn't one haven't
liked ana lried to help in every way
| could.
The first Negro Woman Secretary
had. worked hard for couple of
weeks and then ran away 10 Oakland
with a man Who had a jail record.
The second one quit me on one
minutes notice because she decided
10 return IL hcr husband, from whom
she had come TO Reno seeking a
divorce nave no quarrel With that
hope she is happy, But she left me
without help al a critical time. and
she knew il.
Some years ago | had another
Negro S~creiar. and this one didn /
come 10 work one day and telephoned
atcr from Elko 10 say she Was on
her way 10 Chicago with a friend
The Illinois times. (Champaign, Ill.) 19??-19??, 1960-06-13

IL hire helP, Lc,'> &C, car minis
u'ade ur IL &c e>,,er and most
depcndahlc WORKERS than mc>, People
.,nd, | hcleVe, Nc San NJ more fllA
employed Let's ,N ii
The Illinois times. (Champaign, Ill.) 19??-19??, 1960-06-13
Taken TO hsSpltal

Shirley Richardson, : lSs0n.r
O., a pupil a, l'r9assa issa >ci&sol
vas STRICKEN 4, FRIDAY morning
as0 taken 10 Car.c Hospital in a
The Illinois times. (Champaign, Ill.) 19??-19??, 1960-06-13

FNilI aN,,s.9la2oe. She is being
I'D al lie ho>p.sal for ooSer,a-
,On>
The Illinois times. (Champaign, Ill.) 19??-19??, 1960-06-13

Tremendous tahrica eolors and
stylest Ivy button-downs tab model in button
style or pulovsrs. semi-spread collar with perma-
nsns staya continental collar. Ca,kay model with u
slssvest You'll want lots of these shirss FOR
Fathers Day. fer the graduated Sisea S-M-I->l.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-10-15

WEEKLY QUOTATION: Motor
iety may be achieved in a narrow
sphere but fame demands for it's
evidence a more distinct and pro-
longed observation-disclosures Rus
sell Lowell.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-10-15

HEARD IN PASSING: Yea,
Man. This town is gittin a plenty
of them grass-widows with jobs
making more'n 800 bucks a month
and big bank accounts. Yea, Man
but money amt everything, came
the answer. The rejoinedr, Yea
money amt everything but its way
ahead of everything that's in Sec
ond place
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1960-10-15

The PostGazette series on migrant labor brings into
dramatic focus the fact that great and theoretically
enlightened state, Pennsylvania, allows thousands of
men, and children to be exploited like beasts of
burden.
In a well-documented report Frank M Matthew'S
Harrisburg Correspondent of the Post-Gazette, has
brought out:
That between 5000 and 900 Southern Negroes and
Puerto Ricans brought North in ckety vehicles to
work Pennsylvania farms from July to October for
starvation wages.
They ARRIVE broke and leave broke" Mr. Matthews
reports with the pittances they in "stoopabor"
going into the company store operated by the labor
recruiter who brings them North
That it isn't uncommon to eight-year-old
working in field, his legs wrapped in gunny sackng
an old inner tube to protect them from thistles.
That pennsylvania has minimum wage law for
agriculture workers, minimum wage law applicable
to children working in agriculture and unemploy-
ment compensation for which migrants qualify.
What schooling children of migrant workers OBJ
tain is made available by charitable funds and this
source of financial aid appears to be drying up.
The State Public Welfare Department operates
four daycare centers for migrant children up to IA but
there nothing for youngsters of these workers in
counties.
ment resulted in the closing of number of abandoned
barns and chicken houses which migrant laborers had
called "home"
Now they have such 'Iuxuries" as screens water
spgot for as many 20 people and eight by ten-foot
cublces in which as many eight persons live.
Last year the House approved legislative package
to better conditions of migrant aborers but the Repub
ican senator's attuned to wishes of farmers who
elect them, killed all of it except payment of 81 day
to local school districts for each migrant pupil.
But what need the Senate care, for as Mr. Matthews
concludes:
'The migrant is the landless farmer, the voteless
citizen, the voiceess stole "-Pittsburgh Post-Ga-
Zette.