davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-03-15
By the Associated Press

Employment rose in February
to 64,52O,0O0, a record for the
month. Unemployment took
an unusual drop of $4,000.
Announcing the figures to-
day, Secretary of Labor Mitch
ell said they indicate continued
improvement in the economic
situation.
February employment was
up 100000 from January and
was about 1.8 million above
February of last year.
Tops 1857 Mark
This February's total en-
ployed is about 1.3 million
higher than the old February
job record reached in 1857.
Unemployment, which usually
increases in February. is 900, 600
less than in February of last
year.
The drop in unemployment
was from a total of 4,149,000
in January to 1891, 900 in
February.
The seasonally adjusted ratio
of unemployment to the total
work force moved down to 4.8
per cent in February from So
per cent in January. 1t was the
lowest such ratio since Oc-
tober, 1857.
Seymour Wolfbein, Deputy
Assistant Secretary of Labor.
said he felt definitely that the
job picture is steadily brighten
ing and reflects continued i'm
provement in the economic sit
uation generally.
More Job Improvements
Mr.. Wolfbein predicted still
more job improvements in the
next few months. He said this
is due to happen on a seasonal
basis, with the advent of
warmer weather, and does not
Evening star., 1960-03-15

>-~@~-~@>~->>-~->-~s
age-long dream of humanity
will come true and the world
will live without arms or wars"
Mr.. Khrushchev said in a mes
sage of greeting read by his
representative, Valerian Zorin.
United States Ambassador
Frederick M. Eaton sounded a
strong call for the three-stage
program worked out by the
Western participants - the
United States, Britain, France,
Italy and Canada.
He urged the conference to
take immediate action to pre-
vent an extension of the arms
race into outer space" The
problem of arms control in
outer space has come to the
fore since the collapse of the
last previous disarmament
negotiations, ein London in
1857.
Russians to Assist
Mr.. Khrushchev's message
to the conference in the Palace
OF Nations said the Soviet
Representatives have been in
structed Ito assist in every way
in its fruitful work and to
strive for the early drafting
OF an agreement on total and
universal disarmament" He
expressed hope that other par
ticipants will make their con-
tributionS" to this end.
| The Soviet government, he
said, is ready to consider at
tentively all relevant proposals.
However, Mr.. Zorin, a Soviet
deputy foreign minister, made
clear in his opening speech that
he wants the conference to take
up the Soviet proposal-which
IN western eyes does not con-
tain adequate control provisions
rather than the Western
plan. Mr.. Khrushchev's pro-
claimed goal, outlined before
the United Nations in New
York last September, is total
disarmament in four years.
The Western plan contains
no time limit. Referring to it,
Mr.. Zorin said:
Controls Emphasized
Our first impression is that
these proposals do not contain
the necessary real measures for
carrying out of general and
complete disarmament, and the
approach itself to this problem
puts in question its practical
solution"
! Mr.. Eaton and British Min
lSter of State David Orinsby-
Gore both stressed the over
riding Importance of controls
and inspection in any system
See GENEVA. Page AS
Evening star., 1960-03-15

converged on the downtown
section about noon in a protest
of lunch-counter segregation.
Fire hoses were used to quell
the demonstration.
Police asked the leaders to
step forward and the rest to
disperse. When the demonstra-
tors refused. arrests began.
No violence was reported.
Meanwhile, 10 Negroes were
arrested for lunch-counter dem
onstrations at Columbia and a
group Of 30 at Sumter sang
America at the courthouse.
Today'S demonstrations came
less than a week after Gov.
Ernest F. Hollings warned they
would not be tolerated in the
State.
Evening star., 1960-03-15
By ROBERT X. WALSH
star staff Writer

star stan writer
The House debate on a civil
rights bill f1ared into additional
controversy today when a Mich
igan Republican warned that q
Federal voting referee plan
raises grave constitutional
questions"
This revised plan originally
recommended by the Justice
Department was expected to be
adopted by the House later to-
day. A counter-proposal by
Representative Meader, Repub-
lican of Michigan, nevertheless
touched of a long debate. e.
Most Republican as well as
Democratic supporters of the
pending four point bill and the
proposed referee amendment
disputed Mr.. Meador's suggested
amendment.
Excess Power Feared
Mr.. Meader contended that
the referee amendment spon-
sored by Representative Nc
Culloch, Republican Of Ohio,
raises grave constitutional and
policy questions because it
would permit Federal court
appointed referees to hold one
sided hearings. perform ad-
ministrative as we'll as judicial
functions and assume minis
terial State functions.
Mr.. McCulloch and Judiciary
Committe Chairman Celler,
Democrat Of New York, Spon-
sor of the overall bill, dis
puted that Interpretation.
They contended that Mr..
Meader's proposal for direct
Affirmative as we'll as preven-
tive action by Federal courts
to prevent racial discrimina-
ton in voting would not
achieve anything that cannot
be done now under the 1857
Civil Rights Act.
Senate Uncertain
In the Senate. meanwhile,
Democratic Leader johnson
indicated there is no pre-
arranged plan to have the Sem
ate accept the House bill with
out change.
Naturally it would simplify
procedures if the House and
Senate bills were identical" "
said Senator johnson. But
each branch Of Congress has
the right to express its own
opinions and to vote its COL
lective convictions"
I'VE cannot always operate
on the basis Of attempting to
simplify procedures. The Sen
ate, in my Judgment. would not
accept a bill with which it dis
agreed merely to save time"
The Texan said that if there
are differences between the two
bills I'VE will cross that bridge
when we come to it,"
There is still a widespread
feeling at the Capitol, however,
that unless the House makes
some unexpected additions to
its bill beyond the voter referee
plan, an effort will be made to
have the Senate concur to
avoid a long drawn-out con-
ference.
Emphasis on Voting
The legislative course yester-
day in considering the first of
numerous amendment propos-
ais indicated the House bill
will turn out to be essentially
a voting rights bill.
BY a top-heavy 157-67 vote,
the House upheld a ruling
against amendments that would
have established a Federal COM
mission to safeguard job OPP
portunities for Negroes on
Government contract jobs and
provided Federal financial and
technical assistance to COM
See RIGHTS, Page AS
Evening star., 1960-03-15
Griffs' Game OFF

CLEARWATER, Fla, Mar.
Is (SpeciaD The Washington
Senators exhibition game with
the Phillies here today was
Cancelled because of wet
grounds.
Earlier Story on Page A-2O)
Evening star., 1960-03-15
Eisenhower Reossures
Adenouer on Berlin
Chancellor Satisfied on Firm Stond
After Two-Hour Talk With President

West German Chancellor Adenauer said after con-
ference with President Eisenhower today that he satisfied
the Western allies will stand firm in West Berlin.
twohour conference between the President and the
West German leader brought the two governments closer
together "on number of common problems" they
Evening star., 1960-03-15
PAR EXCELLENCE
LAKE FISHING

BUGGS ISLAND LAKE offers ex-
eeIIent fishing for the fresh -woter
angler. according to Charles coveII,
The Stor's outdoor editor. He de.
seribes the $4,000 -oere lake neor
cIorksviIle, Vo., in the Fishing Guide
on Poee A-23.
Evening star., 1960-03-15
400 Are Arrested
In Negro Protest
In South Carolina

ORANGEBURG, S. c., Mar.
is (AP).-Police arrested 400
Negroes here today after sew
eral groups of 100 or more
young Negro men and women
Evening star., 1960-03-15
64.5 Million Employed
Sets February Record

depend on further general eco
nomic gains.
There was no increase in
long term unemployment -
those idled Is weeks or longer
in February although this
category normally increases
substantially at this time OF
year. The figure remained at
965 900. This is 100000 less
than last February but 350.000
higher than in February, 1857.
The Labor Department said
its count of non-farm payroll
employment actually showed a
small decline in February al
though it was at a record OF
50, ,236,00
Mr.. Wolfbein said the dis
parity between this figure and
the estimated 100000 increase
in February employment was
probably in large part due to
the fact that so many workers
were i'll in the February survey
period.
Persons with jobs but away
from them on illness are count
ed as employed, but are often
not counted on the payroll
tally.
Work Week Drops
The average factory work
week dropped by IL minutes
during February to 39.9 hours
Normally there is little change
in February.
Reduction in the amount OF
overtime worked in the months
following the steel strike proba-
bly, explains this decline, Mr.
Wolfbein said.
Weekly earnings of factory
workers dropped by $1.32 dur
ing February to an average OF
$90.97, rejecting the shorter
work week and reduced over
time earnings. Factory worker
earnings still are averaging al
most SO a week higher than q
year ago.
Evening star., 1960-03-15
U.S.. Seeks to Bar
Space Arms Race
Reds Brand
Vests Plan
Impractical

GENEVA, Mar. Is (AP).-
The Russians opened the 10
nation East-West Disarmament
Conference today by tagging
the Vests plan as impractical.
They called for total world
disarmament as expounded by
Premier Nikita S. Khrushchev.
Il am deeply convinced that
the day is not far of when the
Evening star., 1960-03-15
Postal Leader
Backs Claim
To Pay Raise
Doherty Cites Lag
Behind Industry
In Carrier Wage
BY JOSEPH YOUNG
Star stan Writer

Inadequate salaries are pre-
venting Federal and postal en-
ployes from sharing in the gen.
eral prosperity, Congress was
told today.
AS the House Civil Service
Committee opened hearings on
Federal and postal pay raise
legislation, the first witness,
William C. Doherty, president
of the National Association of
Letter Carriers, described Fed
eral and postal workers as Sec
ond-claSs citizens"
At the same time, the Civil
Service Commission submitted
to the committee the admins
tration's official report oppos-
ing Government salary in
creases this year.
The csc said pending SAL
ary legislation before Congress
would only increase existing
inequities within and among
the various pay plans Of the
Federal Government"
Hits u. S. Stand
Mr.. Doherty, who also is
chairman of the AFL-CIO
Government Employees Council,
sharply criticized the admin
istration for its opposition to
raises.
He said postal and Federal
workers are not the cause of
inflation-"they are the VIC
tins of imitation"
DR.. Doherty cited figures
showing that Federal salaries
have Jagged behind those in
private industry. Industry pay
raises have amounted to 63.3
per cent since 1948, compared
to a 34.5 per cent increase
IN letter carrier salaries, Mr..
Doherty declared.
The letter carriers average
annual salary of $4,640 is con-
siderably below that Of un-
skilled industry workers. the
letter carriers chief said. 1t is
woefully inadequate to support
a family, he said.
Fringe Lag Seen
Government employe fringe
benefits. once considered the
best in the country. now lag be-
hind industry, Mr.. Doherty
said.
Furthermore, he said, Gov
ernment workers contribute TO
per cent of their salaries for
their fringe benefits cit will be
more when the health insur-
ance program goes into effect
in JULY, compared to as per
cent contributed by private in
dustry workers.
Mr.. Doherty also referred to
recent Government reports
showing greater work produc-
tivity among Federal employees.
He cited the Post Office De-
partment's report to Congress
this year which stated that
although mail volume has in
creased 20.2 per cent during
the last six years, the overall
manpower increase was only
% per cent.
The letter carrier chief de-
rided the argument that the
Government can't afford to pay
its employees more money.
Cites Foreign Aid
If the Government can afford
to spend billions in foreign aid,
highway and dam construction,
agricultural programs and ur-
ban renewal. it also can afford
to pay decent wages" Mr..
Doherty said.
He cited the predictions of
Government economists that
1860 will be a year of higher
production, higher employment,
slowly rising prices, a continued
rise in profits and dividends,
and higher wages and salaries.
"All this adds up to prosperity
and lots of it." Mr.. Doherty
said. But-fu whom? For
everyone in the United States
except the Federal employees?
We hone not"
Evening star., 1960-03-15

AtIonto Sitdown Leeds to Wholesale
Arrests. Pose AS
Evening star., 1960-03-15

U. 5. Claims More FIexibility for
lotest Proposals. Pass A-S
Evening star., 1960-03-15
Referee Plan
Is Upheld in
House Test
Northern Move
For Substitute Is
Beaten, 1885
BULLETIN

The House today rejected,
1895. a civil rights bill
amendment proposed by Rep
resentative Meader, Repub-
lican of Michigan, to replace
the Federal voting referee
plan.
Evening star., 1960-03-15
TIE N/HAFuH0. Full Report
ItI6 VIAI"IN. on Poee Al

District and vicinity-Cloudy with chance
Of snow late tonight. low near %. Snow
likely becoming mixed with rain and con-
tinued cold tomorrow. High and low of
the last "a hours: High, 80, pm. yester-
day; low, 26, $50 am. today.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-09-11
Thoughtful First Novel
Written in Drama Form

telling a part Of the story in
specifically dated flashbacks
contributes to this. Perhaps
the technique blurs the out
line Of the character. The
point is that grief should
bear within itself the seeds
of its own destruction.
It was a tortured-and
eventful-way that the hero
Of this book finds this to
be true. He is very much a
product Of our era of stream
lined bathroom fixtures and
in writing his story Mr.. Wal
liant has given it the form of
a drama "a one-setting
drama. It's well written,
economically constructed and
a very admirable job.
EDWIN TREBLE.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-09-11
POLITICS IN THE AMERI.

POLITICS IN THE ANIERI-
CAN DRAMA. BY Caspar
Names. (The Catholic
University Of America Press,
$4.95)
Politics and the theater, in
any time. seem to have an
affinity. That has been so in
this country and 1t must be
taken as an indication Of a
growing national maturity
that in the last few decades
more and more of the fine
plays produced have had q
political theme. Quite often
it has proved not only enter
tanning but also instructive.
In Politics i'm the Ameri-
can Drama" Caspar Names,
who combines a love of the
theater with an interest in
politics, has traced this devel-
opment with remarkable in
sight. His study, backed with
amass Of research and histor-
ical details, not only gives US
a greater appreciation Of the
increasingly influential role Of
the stage but q fuller under
standing of the country's
political life as well.
Development Of Theme
Mr.. Names, q member Of
The Stars news staff, con-
Germs himself with plays that
have reached the popular
stage since the 1905. The
development Of the political
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-09-11

think there is q fair chance
you can get a decent budget.
Why don't you accentuate
the positive and go with that
which is popular, since you
cannot get the other stuff
anyway"
This would seem to indi-
cate the existence of a codicil
to Parkinson's Law, holding
that the important thing
about a budget is how fat it
is not how it is spent.
The message in Gen.
Medaris' book-that we have
been dilly-dallying too long,
permitted ourselves a lethal
draft of luxurious indecision
lis a point too well taken to
be disputed. But when he
devotes a substantial share
Of his literary energies to
justifying his own actions,
and to beating such a dead
horse as Project Vanguard,
the author dilutes the vigor
Of the strong drink he is
offering.
WILLIAM HINES.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-09-11
Gen. Medoris Sends Up
Anew Guided Missiles

An interesting historical
footnote is provided in Gen.
Medaris' version Of how he
sold Col. John Nickerson
down the river. His descrip-
ton Of Nickerson, incidentally
("mediocre capability :. in
telligent. but undisciplined in
his methods Of handling on
cial affairs F.. personally ar
rogant with respect to his own
opinion as to how things
should be done") reads like a
characterization Of Gen. Me-
daris himself.
Rather immoderately, it
seems to me, Gen. Medaris
lasheS out at those who OPP
posed his views. His loathing
for DR.. Herbert r. York, chief
scientist Of the Pentagon, is
Ill concealed. ("In the last
couple Of years we have seen
the astonishing spectacle Of
pure scientists moving into
the f1eld Of military policy
and deciding upon the weap-
ons needed by the military.")
York, Of course, opposed the
ZeuS misunderstanding prof.
ect on the apparently scien-
tific ground that it wouldn't
work very well.
Bureaucratic Wisdom
Though I would dispute
the publishers assertion that
the book has Gam impor-
tant bearing on the
coming election" Count
down" certainly contains one
gem Of bureaucratic wisdom
that alone makes it almost
worth its price.
Anent q discussion Of the
fiscal 1856 budget with his
colleagues In the Ordnance
Corps, Gen. MedariS records
the following:
"There was great pressure
to request a lot Of money for
tanks and some new types Of
artillery. After listening to
the debate for q while, I
finally said:
you're fighting q losing
game. If you put all your
energy and effort into justi-
Tying these conventional
weapons and ammunition,
eUen though I knotD tDe need
them, (emphasis supplied I
think you are going to get
very little money of any kind.
"'It is far easier to justify
a budget with modern items
that are popular, and ] would
strongly recommend that you
increase the amount you
show in the budget for the
production Of missiles, limit
ing yourself on the other
items to the modest quanti-
ties that you know you can
get by with.
eff you increase your de-
! mands for guided missiles, I
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-09-11

have written Of New York's
sumptuous era and Of fam
lilies wealthy enough to gilt
ter in it.
Mr.. Auchincloss, VIII o
knows the milieu well, has
not rewritten those authors,
but has added q fresh con-
ception Of the upper crust"
at the turn Of the century
and in the years that fol-
lowed.
Nobody fooled Aunt Gussie
for a moment. She sized up
people intuitively and yet
logically. Nor did she ever
hesitate to say what she
thought. Her candor did not
always endear her to those
whose fraudulent fronts she
was tearing down. But she
was always respected and
sometimes feared.
Her "reminiscences are pun
gent and absorbing. In fact,
I'm willing to say there's not
q dull page in Mr.. Auchin-
Gloss fairly long novel.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-09-11
Influence of Politics
On American Stage

theme has been well charted
In the authors fine analysis.
Before 1900. he points out,
political events were used for
window dressing; between
1900 and 1880 the plays. of
this kind attacked a specific
abuse, and from 1880 to the
present they not only attack
abuses but advocate a philos-
ophy Of government for poll
ticians and voters to follow.
The author provides a pene-
trating and succinct back
ground of the political events
and the political figures that
led to the plays about them.
In this way Mr.. Names has
written an abbreviated his
tory Of politics as well as the
stage.
Fine heIerenCe
Many will find q nostalgia
quality in the book. In a
prose style that is polished
and easy Mr.. Names gives
the setting for such favorites
as "Of Thee I Sing" I'D
Rather Be Right" and many
others. The book, once picked.
up, is hard to put down. An
interesting foreword by Allen
Drury and an excellent pro-
ductiion job by the Catholic
University Of America Press
add to the attractiveness Of q
must book for those inter-
ested in politics. the theater
or happily in both.
CECIL HOLLAND.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-09-11

New York Herald Tribune's
Washington bureau INC
Graw-Hill; $4.96.
About the only thing the
young historian and the old
politician have in common Is
their regard for Franklin D.
Roosevelt. In Mr.. Martins
case. it Is grudging; in Mr..
Schlesinger's, it is not.
Mr.. Schlesinger, a Harvard
history professor, takes up
Mr.. Roosevelt at q curious
point in his long and contro-
verSial career in the White
House. BY 1895, the magic
of the first New Deal had
worn OF. The administra-
ton seemed to be out Of
ideas and the Presidents re-
election was despaired Of.
FDR in those days was being
''unwontedly irresolute end
unwontedly reticent."
Into the vacuum rushed
some wild-eyed prophets Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-09-11
SETTLING DISPUTES IN

SETTLING DISPUTES IN
SOVIET SOCIETY: The
Formative Years of Legal
Institutions. BY John N.
Hazard columbia Univer-
sity Press; $500
The recent Powers trial
has once again focused at
tention on the role of law in
Soviet society, and once
again has raised the question
of whether an independent
legal system can exist side by
side with a totalitarian gov.
eminent.
This question has provoked
a great deal of discussion
among Soviet scholars in
America. Some state unequiv-
ocaily that law is an instru-
ment of the Communist
Party to repress the Russian
people. Others, such as Urof.
Hazard of Columbia, who
himself has studied in Mos
COW for three years, affirm
that within Soviet society a
constant battle has taken
place between those who
would use law as such a tool.
and those who have striven
to free law Of it's political
attachments.
In his latest book, Prof.
Hazard shows that this clash
had its roots in the first years
of the Soviet regime when
many of the Bolshevik lead
ers wanted to do away COM
pletely with legal systems as
they were known in the West.
Revolutionary tribunals were
set up to replace the former
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-09-11
COUNTDOWN

COUNIDOWN FOH DE.
CISION, by Maj. Gen.
John B. Medaris with Ar
thur Gordon putnam, So j..
The tradition has solidified
that when an old soldier re-
ceives his muStering-out pay,
his first two purchases arr
a debating machine and q
ghost writer with which to
produce his memoirs. Though
Gen. MedariS has q reputa-
ton as something Of an ICON
oclast, he was not one to
break with tradition on this
point.
What has come out Of
Gen. Medaris' tryst with the
muse Of history is a predict
able volume, partly polemic,
partly er pGrte explanation
Of a prattfall by a man who
has had the rug pulled out
from under him. In the pa
rade Of characters marched
across Gen. Medaris' stage,
not everyone was out Of step
but Johnny-but most of
them were.
A FOOtnOte to History
In "Countdown" Gen. Me-
daris fires a number of more
or-less guided missiles at
targets Of opportunity. Some
of the missiles hit their mark;
some blow up on the pad;
all give insight into the au-
thor, the game he was play
ing from 1855 to 1860, and
the psychological terrain over
which it was being played.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-09-11
Truman Speeches
In New Volume

FREEDOM AND EQUALITY,
Addresses by Harry S.
Truman university Of
Missouri; $3.50
This book, edited and with
a preface by David S. Horton,
head of the Department of
Political Science at West
minister College, Fulton, Mo-,
contains nine addresses and
messages to Congress. In all
these papers the former
President discussed freedom
and equality in some form.
Several deal with a currently
explosive problem, the treat
ment of our largest minority
group, the Negroes.
&C. b. j.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-09-11
The Role Law Plays
Under Soviet Rule

legal system, but as Prof.
Hazard documents, these tri-
bunals we're incapable of
dealing with the daily dis
putes that must be settled in
any industrial society.
By 1925, Prof. Hazard
shows, a formal legal appa-
ratus was created, composed
Of people who by nature
would clash with the arbi-
trary methods often imposed
by political leaders. This
clash, Prof. Hazard says, has
continued up to this day in
the Soviet Union.
BERNARD GWERTZMAN