davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-10-25
ANDRIS REALTY
IL. 2-9O7o o Til o DAHL

BETHEsDA- A-HIELMEHD - Beautiful i
brick-and-frame split. on large lot,
with nice trees: big liv. rm., IRE
place, sep. din. rm., modern kitch-
en-, 3 bedrms., . baths, lovely rec.
room with fireplace; many extras;
mid-20s. FRANK S. PHILLIPS
INC: OIL. 2-7O06: ewes, WI
Evening star., 1960-10-25
COUNTRY LIVING
EATING

In the kitchen AND the dining room
bedrm. brick rambler with q for
NAL dining room and. annie
kitchen; 2 baths, carport, base
ment and q h-acre lot. A gen
erous home for mere S27,950,
SLEEPING
In the comfort OF 4 large bedrooms
is Just one feature Of this new
brick Colonial with centeH-hAll
plan plus ga baths, separate din
ter construction AND hot-water
baSeboard heat. Price? Only
Evening star., 1960-10-25
Bethesda'S BeSt PIIv

S24,950-Immaculate brick Cape
Cod, on an excellent lot In a Sc
let area Of well kept homes
there. are 4 bedrms., 2 baths, w.
round living porch, liv. rm, WiAre-
pl:, din rn,, equip; kit, full
eNpaneyyaa WIN. D. LUCAS CO.,
Evening star., 1960-10-25
nv PAR PARAMOUNT REALTY

pp,, IaAhAMUUNI NEALTY
RIVER HILL, NEW HOME!-Fine
Soionial bi-level,, built by Frank s.
velopnient on the banks OF the
potomac. Spacious entrance foyer,
> bedrooms, 2la baths, . delieht.
iuI porcheS, built-in garage, fahu.
lQuS clubroom with fireplace, book.
sheiveS and bar; wonderful con.
venience to downtown and virginia
via. Mass. ave. or Macarthur blvd.
punllc and parochial schools. Mid.
sos! FRANK 8. PHILLIPS. INC.
D1. 7-14ll: ewes, WO 6-SAoo
Evening star., 1960-10-25

ROSEMARY HILLS-This gorgeous
3-bedrm.,. 21a-t1th split-level
home with large kit. and rec rm.
with lrepl,.. many extras in
air Conditioning: S26.5O0 with
large 81 assumption: owner viii
hold 2nd trust. 8 It'll 8.
F. w, BERENS. Realtor
Evening star., 1960-10-25

one-leVel rambler with attractive
liv.. room. beamed ceiling, din.
room, de luxe kit. 4 bedrms., .
baths on same level: eround-level
rec. room: large patio, lovely level
yard. A BUY FOR S3l 900.
3 a.m..g Pm. EN-. 2-740O,
METZLER, REALTOR
Evening star., 1960-10-25

SANTA SAYS
Buy now and by Christmas move
into this lovely home featuring
large liv, rm., sep. din. rn., kit,
: bedrmS., rec. rm. and bSmt.;
S11,750 and "OKD 4 TRADE
KEN DRUSKIN & co (open til 81
1900 VferS Mill Rd LO 5-o0O5
Evening star., 1960-10-25

R0CKVILLE-Don't put OF until
tomorrow what should be seen
today. 3-bedrm. house: iiv. rm,
with hrepl., room for 4th bedrm.
and 2nd bath: listed below market
Taiue At $4,000 for quick sale.
LEY, Po. 2-6l51; ewes. WI.
Evening star., 1960-10-25

GAITHERsBURG-Nearly new g.
bedrm. split-level: conv. located;
vacant. Asking S19,500. Po. g
suBuRBAN PROPERTIES MGT.
Evening star., 1960-03-27
Continued From Page FL

Continued From Page FL
overshadowed by the headline
producing debate over whether
there Is, or will be. a real missile
gap and its significance, If there
Is any.
1t has been the Army's COM
plant that there are not enough
planes to lift a significant part
of its Strategic Army Corps
(STRAC) to a trouble spot quickly
in the event of a crisis. OF the
483 four-engined aircraft in the
Military Air Transport Service
tMATS) inventory, a good portion
of them are earmarked for other
customers, including the Strategic
Air Command.
Even though SAC might not
lift a finger in a limited war sit
uation, other than prepare itself
for quick reaction in case the
situation should deteriorate into
a general nuclear conflict. 1t is
felt that it must be guaranteed
minimum number of MATS planes
to aid in its strategic deployment.
This explanation, understand
able as it might be to the Army, Is
no solution to it's problem. 1t has
troops that are ready to move out
on an hours notice, but 1t has no
guarantee that there will be air
craft to get them to the places
where they might be needed.
Two weeks ago, the Army and
Air Force began Joint training
exercise, the largest of its kind
ever held by American forces,
called Big Slam Puerto Pine. The
idea: To transport 1000 troops
and IL 900 tons of equipment from
the continental United States to
Puerto Rico and return.
The exercise ends tomorrow
Then the critiques will begin. 1t
is already agreed by the two serv-
ices that MATS needs more mod
ern aircraft-planes that will fly
faster and carry more men and
equipment than the current crop
such as the obsolescent CHA
Globemaster, the workhorse OF the
MATS fleet.
While the Air Force thinks
Evening star., 1960-03-27

The relationship betiDeen the
eytme and punishment Is the
Snbject of a reapprGisdl By
United States Court OF Appeals
lidoe Ddpid L. Bdzelon as the
BFundets Memorial Lecture at
Brandeis University on March
n. Some points condensed
from Judge Bdzelon'S speech,
ecgled "The Dilemma OF Pun
tShment," tolloD:
u-s
1T Is still the need to punish
THAT confrontS uS-although at
times not my need. but somebody
else's. I am sure that we must
recognize this irrational need as
asocial fact, but I cannot see that
wemust abandon attempts at re-
form because of it. After all, that
public out there that needs TO
punish also needs to forgive-and
1t especially needs to be given, for
its own protection and well-being,
the most nationally effective ad-
nifnistration we can devise for 1t.
It Is not getting it now.
The excessive emphasis on pun
isi1nent, with the consequent
neglect Of genuine rehabilitation,
Is accompanied by a disastrously
high level of recidivism. In Fed
eral prisons, for example, the rate
increased between 1949 and 1858
from 81 per cent to 81 per cent.
In this same period, the number
Of serious offenders who have had
two or more previous commit
nients has grown from 80 per cent
tos16 per cent. Please realize what
these figures mean: In two-thirds
of Sthe cases, punishment neither
reforms nor deters the prisoner
when given one chance, and on
the second time around. it fails
again in nearly half Of the cases.
From more than one point Of
view, then, punishment rather
than rehabilitation just does not
work.
This being the case, why such
persistent, irrational emphasis on
punishment? I think one thing is
the deep childish fear that with
any reduction of punishment,
multitudes would run amok. 1t
seems to me this fear must be
based on exaggerated notions OF
the role of punishment when we
were children. The reasoning Is:
We are good adults because we
were punished when we were tad
children; any adult who is bad
should get some more Of what we
got when we were children. They"
must be punished to reconflrm our
adulthood and our goodnesS-to
distinguish US from them. But
most Of US who have been good
for many years-or at least
haven't been caught-have not
Evening star., 1960-03-27
THE NATIONAL SCENE

war force. This is not to say, how
ever, that a quick-responding
Army ground force is not also
needed. 1t is.
There has been a good deal Of
talk recently that once the Bal
listic Missile Early Warning Sys-
tenn (BMEWS) is in operation in
the next two years or so, the
problem of the survivability Of
SAC's bomber force will be solved.
The thinking: BMEWS, which
employs radars the size Of foot
ball fields to track intercontinent-
al ballistic missiles, will give SAC
Is minutes warning, SUFFICIENT time
in which a substantial number of
bombers can get airborne.
Gen. Thomas S. Power, head of
SAC, said as much in his con-
troversial New York speech last
January on the need for an air.
borne alert.
Last week, however, 1t became
known that the Air Force is seri-
ously concerned over another
threat to SAC and its f1xed-base
bomber and missile sites, threat
it will face for another four years
or more while it waits an opera
tional Minuteman ICBM in a
mobile system. This is the threat
posed by Soviet submarine
launched ballistic missiles.
It is conceded that BMEWS
will provide no warning against
this kind of sea-based missile at
tack. What, then, should be done
to meet this threat? The thinking
of one Air Force group is that,
among other things. the United
States should "seal off" the Carib-
bean to bar entry of Soviet sub
marines. We should also sink on
contact any unidentified sub
marines cruising near this coun-
try. The Air Force officials be-
lieve the Russians will adopt
similar measures against our
Polaris submarines. These sugges-
tions are now being studied by
the Joint Staff of the Joint Chiefs
of Staff.
The Navy does not think much
of the Air Force ideas.
Evening star., 1960-03-27

mostly in speed terms, the Army
would combine speed, jet or turbo-
Jet, with the ability of the air
craft to land on short, unimproved
runways. Limited war trouble
spots are not likely to involve
landing on runways like those at
Idlewild or National Airport.
Perhaps the key difference, how
ever, comes over the Army argu-
ment that the Air Force make a
pre- ALLEGATION of aircraft suffl-
cient to airlift advance elements
of STRAC. perhaps 4,500 men,
and a limited amount of equip
ment, perhaps 1900 tons. The
Army points out. and everyone
agrees, that quick reaction to a
limited war situation is vital. 1t
might snuff out the chances Of
hostilities ever beginning or keep
them limited should the fighting
start.
But If MATS were allowed to
purchase modern aircraft and the
Army could not count on mini
mum number for its use, then the
Army would hardly be any better
off than it is now. That is the
Army feeling. The Air Force, how
ever. is against pre-allocation. 1t
wants new aircraft, but it wants
a lot of other things more badly.
The Joint Chiefs of staff have
agreed on airlift requirements for
a general war. They have not yet
agreed, after years of wrangling
between the Army and Air Force,
on the requirements for limited
war.
1t is hoped that the lessons
of Big Slam-Puerto Pine will
provide information upon which
the two services can come to q
mutually satisfactory solution to
the problem.
Evening star., 1960-03-27
The Dilemma Of Punishment Is 1t Really Deterrent!

placed him in prison. And to speak
Of deterring him from committing
another offense later takes US back
to the previous discussion of the
effectiveness of punishment, and
concerns rehabilitation not deter
renee.
/ think we all understand that
the maintenance Of public order
must be backed up by a system
Of sanctions deprivations .
punishments. if you please. Neither
law nor morality can sustain itself,
from generation to generation,
without the threat of some form
Of punishment. But the difficult
point to be comprehended here is
that the system requires the threat
Of punishment, not punishment it
self.
An internal control system gen.
Grated by our mores and received
beliefs keeps most Of us from steal
ing. For those who require exter-
nal controls, it is the threat Of 60
ing to Jail, not actual time spent
there, that keeps them from steal
ing. Actual sanctions are needed
-as far as the system is concerned
only to give substance to the
threat, to keep it from being re-
duced to impotence. The problem
really posed by the question Of
deterrence. is, how much actual
punishment-and what kind of
actual punishment is required
in order to sustain the threat of
punishment at an effective level?
Or, stated inversely-now looking
at the problem from the point of
view Of the individual rather than
the system-how much non
punishment. how much besides
punishment, can be allowed in
treatment of the individual with
out inviting a breakdown of the
system of sanctions?
I do not propose to solve this
problem this evening. But I do
want to conclude with a few OBJ
Servations.
First of all, believe that in the
absence of decisive empirical data,
We should take a developmental
approach. That is, we should view
the issue historically and not as
sumo that any particular status
quo is ultimate and unalterable.
I will confess that I am subjec-
lively distrustful of many ponder
Gus proponents Of deterrence who
answer the question. How much
punishment is necessary? with tile
quick reply, Exactly As much as
we now have. And those who use
the necessity Of deterrence to JUS
tify the scandal Of our prison sys-
tenn, also earn my suspicion.
Punishment has a role to play
in the education and re-educa-
Evening star., 1960-03-27

maintained our high estate be-
cause Of witnessing frequent pub
lie hangings and whippings or
stopping to observe a malefactor
being drawn-and-quartered on
the corner Of a busy intersection.
Quite the opposite.
Modern chonees?
Perhaps one should be encour-
aged by the fact that the mod
ern urge to punish is no longer
so Immediately personal. I -
pose we should all be pleased by
the recent report from Saudi
Arabia announcing an important
reform In criminal law admins
tration-that hereafter a thief's
hand will be cut of by an Eek
pert surgeon" using anesthetics
rather than by an amateur with
q hatchet. An accompanying re-
form is that adulteresses will no
longer be stoned to death. as in
Biblical times. AS Saudi Arabia
Evening star., 1960-03-27

Franklin P. Adams, 1Dho died
on Wednesday, lent his nit and
his iDords to efforts to promote
literacy. One OF his tdUorite
campaigns iDaS in pursuit OF
simple accuracy in tDhdt people
said and Wrote. This is hot0 he
felt about people tDho nlisquote
famous quotations:
What you learn when you're
not trying to learn. when your
mind is relaxed, is likely to
stick. Years ago I heard some
body say, ""Twas ever thus,
from childhood's happy hour"
People still say it, and I scream.
I knew that was wrong, because
HAPPY" made two extra sylla-
bles, yet I looked it up. or
course found that it was "Oh!
ever thus" So I ran a series OF
Familiar Misquotations, such as
Evening star., 1960-03-27

ton Of the individual. The threat
of some form of legal system-and
the threat must have substance.
But these basic requirements Of
the criminal law have been aused
Il will say misused-to justify
the present system which contains
a preposterous predominance Of
senseleSs punitive elements. The
theory Of deterrence. as too fire.
.quently applied. results in degrad-
ing the individual for a purported
social purpose-contrary to the
democratic ethos. In doing so. in
casting the individual offender in
the role of a scapegoat, it begs
the entire question Of justice. And
while no socio-legal system has
reached a perfect incarnation Of
Justice, none can survive in the
hearts of the people which by
passes or does not engage the is
sue seriously.
Evening star., 1960-03-27

enters the modern world, they
will now be shot.
I wonder how many in this
audience have ever seen the in
side of a prison? What you would
see there can be justified only on
the assumption that the prisoners
are less than human. and that
therefore the obviously de-
humanizing process they are un-
dergoing is appropriate for them.
Because they have stolen prop
erty or committed acts of vio-
lence, they are outside the pale of
human society. and that is the
end Of the matter.
But, Of course. after having
further brutalized them, after
having failed to deal with the
causes of their behavior, and
having failed to effect any serious
rehabilitation. we then release
them into society where they can
experience their second or third
or fourth opportunity to fail. AS
Evening star., 1960-03-27
South Africa:
Violence

Last Monday South African
police and troops, using armOred
cars and aircraft, quelled ugly
race riOting in Johannesburg and
Capetown. Seventy-twO Africans
were killed and 1874 wounded at
Sharpeville, near the capital.
"Apartheid" in the Union Of
South Africa has been systemati-
cally frightened in recent years
despite frequent warnings from
many sources that the tighter the
lid, the more dangerous would be
the inevitable explosion. Last
week there were very real fears
that the fuse was burning too
close to the powder keg.
The regime Of Premier Hendrix
Evening star., 1960-03-27

Continued From Page FL
aid the escape Of three "Batista
criminals"
In another move, the Castro
regime demanded that the Cuban
workers at the big Guantanamo
base of the United States Navy
be organized under the Cuban
Confederation Of Labor. The gov
ernment demanded that a Cuban
labor leader, fired at the base, be
re-hired, and charged that anti
Castro Cubans were using the
base as a refuge.
Street battles erupted in Havana
Friday when an anti-Communist
radio commentators scheduled
farewell" television program
brought student crowds to the sta
ton. Fighting broke out between
pro and anti-Communist parti-
sans, the latter scattering leaflets
saying Revolution, Yes: Commu-
nism, No."
In Mexico City. the naval at
tache of the Cuban Embassy fol-
lowed the example of his Wash
lngton Colleague Friday and de-
fected. Capt. Jaime Varela Cano-
sa, charging Castro betrayal" Of
the revolution, resigned and drove
to the United States for political
asylum. Two enlisted aides ac-
companied him in abandoning the
Castro service.
Capt. Varela was the fourth at
tache to defect in recent weeks
from the Cuban foreign service.
In resigning, the captain declared
that Fidel and Raul Castro and
Ernesto Guevara, head of the Gu
ban National Bank, were leading
Cuba to communism.
Evening star., 1960-03-27

ing both In its effect on offenders
and on the public, in that it broke
the crucial conduit of identifica-
tions, and limited the role Of i'm
agination. He preferred to speak
Of a system of sanctions having
application to prescribed behavior,
with the purpose Of preserving
public order.
Punishments - called negative
sanctions or deprivations = natu-
rally have their part in this sys-
tenn, but it is q functional part
no greater than may be necessary
to do what can be done to prevent
antisociaI behavior, and to ac-
count for it when despite our
efforts 1t does occur.
I would not want to leave you
with the impression that am OPP
posed to all measures Of punish
ment, or deprivation. 1t seems SUI
perfuous to state that ! recognize
their necessity. but perhaps had
better do so because thinking in
this field tends to be characterized
by an either or. all or nothing
attitude. It is just this attitude
which I object to and from which
! wish to dissociate myself.
Beyond the Emotions
But when we transcend our
emotional urge to punish, and be-
gin to think seriously about crime
and the criminal without such
undue reliance on the one idea Of
punishment, we very shortly come
right up against an Intellectually
much more formidable barrier.
And that is the ubiquitous theory
Of deterrence. On the intellectual
level, it turns out to be the great
est barrier to progress in the
criminal law.
This theory proposes that actu-
al malefactors be punished in
order to deter potential malefac-
tors. In its pure form, it is willing
to assume arguendo that punish
ment may not reform and may
even damage the particular indi-
vidual being punished. But this
unfortunate person must be sacri-
feed to the common good-he
must be punished as an example
to all, to keep all the rest Of us
from committing his crime. OF
course the theory is not always
stated in this pure form. Indeed
there is q common confusion
which you may notice in argu-
ments based on the premise OF
deterrence-a confusion between
deterrence Of the person being
punished and deterrence Of all
others. Now clearly the convicted
prisoner was not deferred by the
prior punishment Of others from
committing the crime which
Evening star., 1960-03-27
Why Not Rehabilitation?

Would it really be the end Of the
world if all jails were turned into
hospitals, or Rehabilitation Gen.
ters"? The offender would then
just as the committed mental pa
tient is today-be deprived Of his
dearest possession, his personal
liberty. Punishment" enough, I
should think-to satisfy our puni-
tive urge and to induce a deter
rent fear. The offenders purpose
in such a Rehabilitation Center
would be to change his PERSONAL
ity, his very style of responding to
life. 1 would like to suggest, quite
seriously, that this is the greatest
sanction of them all. And it is
indeed the true command of all
religion and all morality. And it
is the normal law-abiding per-
sons most profound and continu-
Gus punishment" The difference
between the offender or the mental
patient and the rest of us happy
normal citizens, is that they"
have a special problem and need
special help in living up to
society's expectations. A few Of us
have had special problems" in
the course of our lives but were
lucky enough to get the help we
needed, or strong enough to get
by on our own. We are entitled to
congratulate ourselves on the
superiority of our endowment or
good fortune-but not, I think, to
celebrate our triumphs by degrad-
ing our less fortunate neighbors.
Is it in any way necessary for our
own benefit to perpetuate the
shame of our penitentiaries where
a youthful offender, having been
processed through the homoseXual
auction block. will be taught the
ways of crime and perversity by
a hardened expert?
Evening star., 1960-03-27
F. P. A.-ApostIe of Accuracy

Shall fold their tents like the
Arabs, and silently steal away"
when it should be "as silently"
So 1 developed a passion for
accuracy, mostly because have
always hated sloppiness; I hate
the person who, because he
doesn't know the day Fred
Merkle didn't touch second was
September %, 1908. says, What
difference does it make?" None.
You may be ignorant of most
facts, and careless, and wise:
you may have great knowledge
and accuracy, and no wisdom.
But oftener knowledge and wis
dom, in varying degree, are in
the same person. AS the late
Hugh E. Keough said-I quote
him often, and accurately, too
THE race is not always to the
swift, but that is where to look"
From Mods and Becks Gar
den City Publishing Co., 1946.3
Evening star., 1960-03-27

Karl Menninger has said, these
people are failures first and
criminals" later. To be crimi-
nal is not strictly speaking merely
. to have committed a crime-it
is social branding plus peni-
tentiary training. all of which
serves only to confirm the initial
personal failure which led to the
first antisocial act. :
It is as If society co-operates
with certain human beings who
are social failures to create this
object called the criminal. Our
present system of punishment is
an essential part Of this process.
not of any process that can be
called reforming or rehabilitative.
Why does society go to all the
trouble and expense of creating
this special class Of human
beings?
/ think chiefly because we real
" do not comprehend what we
are doing, because we do not want
to deal with the facts Of social
failure to begin with, and be-
cause we are not prepared to fol-
low out the logic of our attitude
and dispose" Of these failures
outright. There results scrt Of
halfway house, neither disposal
nor rehabilitation, but a new
class of human beings to mirror
society's confusion on the pro-
found issue Of failure in the edu-
cative process-and reliance on
punishment to cure or cover over
all such failure.
Criminal as Seopegoot
What I am suggesting is that
the criminal serves as a "scape-
goat" And this as much as any
thing is holding up obvious and
sorely needed reform in the treat
ment Of offenders.
I think that all I have been
saying about punishment can be
summed up under the headings
punishment without thinking,
punishment as a mechanical and
exclusive response, punishment
unaccompanied by rational view
Of its purpose and effect.
AS the late George DeSsion, one
Of the most careful, creative legal
thinkers about these matters, has
said-"punishment is never good
in ITSELF" That proposition is per-
haps the first step toward wisdom
in thinking about the criminal
law system.
Prof. Dession preferred to use
different words in describing the
criminal law system so as to get
away from the idea that it con-
cerned only this special class Of
people called criminals" and from
the sole response Of punishment.
He felt that this was elf-defeat-