Evening star., 1960-09-30

German people, in spite OF
their great population and inn
portance, cannot be rep
resented in our Assembly to-
day. Eastern Germany is
armed. Great Soviet forces are
stationed there. That is part
Of the unhappy state Of the
world today. Yet at the same
time Western Germany is con-
+demned for rearming. We have
an old proverb in our country
about the pot calling the ket-
tie black.
I know that some people tell
us that Eastern Germany is a
Communist heaven and West
ern Germany a capitalist hell.
I have, however, observed that
over the last IL years 2.5 mil
lion people have voluntarily
moved and are still moving
from East to West Germany.
Instead of talking so much
about the right of self-deter-
mination Of the peoples of
Africa, the Soviet authorities
would do better to explain why
they have consistently refused
this right to the people of East
Germany.
Berlin Question
There are great problems in
the future Of Germany. There
is the delicate difficult question
of Berlin. But these problems
should be resolved not by over
riding and setting at nought
the international agreements
but by patience and honest at
tempt to reach agreement by
negotiation.
The East-West conflict can
not be resolved by weakness or
moral or physical exhaustion
of one side or the other. 1t can
not in this nuclear age be re-
solved by the triumph of one
side over the other without the
extinction Of both. We can only
reach our goal by the gradual
acceptance Of the view that we
can all gain more by agreement
than by aggression.
We in the United Kingdom
particularly welcomed the Sec
retary generals proposals. ear
lier this year for assistance to
newly independent countries
both in Africa and elsewhere.
We must all, within the limit
Of our resources, make the
greatest possible contribution
in men. money and materials
to the less-developed countries
Of the world. We therefore also
welcome the proposals made
by President Eisenhower last
week regarding the African
program, the special fund and
the expanded program Of tech
nical assistance.
Praises World Bank
1t is only right also to rec
ognize the immense efforts
made since the war on a vast
scale by agencies such as the
World Bank and the Interna-
tional Monetary Fund ana
their associated bodies. The
United States has Of course
been by far the largest con-
tributor. The United Kingdom
comes next. Other countries
have helped. But so far the
Communists have not contrib
uted.
I do not make this compari-
son in order to attack the So
viets. I had always hoped that
this great problem Of world
economic development could
have been discussed at the
summit meeting. Any new
summit conference would be
bound to be economic as well
as political.
I know the Soviet powers are
always attacking the defensive
alliances Of the West. On what
are these based? On one thing
fear.
Let us face it. 1t is from fear
that the great deterrent forces
Of the West have sprung.
Disarmament Is Key
On the other side the Rus
sian people no doubt believe,
incredible as it is to us, that
they may be attacked by the
West. So long as fear exists, Sc
long as each side believes that
it must rely upon its own right
arm to defend its own rights
so long will tension continue. SC
long the detente becomes more
difficult, and so long will the
great ornaments of the world
represent an ever-increasine
burden on our resources OF
money, science and technique
This brings us to the key oi
the problem-diSarmament.
Mr.. Khrushchev has insisted
once more in this meeting
and made it the main reason
for his coming in person, or
the vital need for world dis
!, armament.
One thing is clear. Words
are not enough. The nations
require some assurance o,
; safety before they will act. 1.
this can be given; then tn
rest will follow. But the ke!
of it all is faith, and in th'
present state Of the world faitf
cannot grow on its own. 1
must be strengthened, fortified
and buttressed by assurance
and by practice.
I ask any member of thi
; Assembly to face the problem
honestly with himself-and il
relation to his neighbors. II
the vital matter of nationa
survival it is not enough jus
to sign agreements. 1t is ab
solutely essential to have tn,
assurance that these agree
| mentS will be vigorously ad
hnred IN That 1eadS liS Stroiob