davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-10-16
BIZ DON FRIFTELD.

TAIPEI. = China's offshore
islands. most controversial real
estate per square mile on earth,
have become q major election issue
in the United States.
Senator Kennedy insists they
are not necessary for the defense
Of Taiwan, to which the United
States is linked by q mutual de-
tense treaty. Vice President Nixon,
on the other hand, considers them
absolutely essential for the de-
tense Of Taiwan and Of American
interests generally in the Far East.
The principal Chinese Ma
tionaliSt-held offshore islands are
the .Quemoy and Matsu groups,
each only q few miles from the
mainland, each well within view
ing and artillery range, each
heavily fortified with underground
completes, earthworks, pillboxes,
minef1elds ofIshore and on land,
and heavy garrisons, totaling from
$4,000 to 10000 men. depending on
the mood Of the times.
Quemoy,, the largest island, is
only 81 square miles, one-quarter
the area Of Chicago. It has $4,000
Of the $4,000 inhabitants of the
Quemoy group, which also includes
Little Quemoy, OF Quemoy's west
point, and the iSletS of Ta-Tan,
Uh-Tan, Fu-Chi-Yu, Tong Ting,
and Pei-Ting. which are hardly
more than desert patches in Annoy
harbor, blocked and rendered in
effective to the Communists by the
Nationalist occupation of the
Quemoy archipelago. :
The large mainland city Of Annoy
is 18 miles from Quemoy, but the
nearest Communicated territory
is only 2 miles away. Because
all the Quemoy islands are in
Annoy harbor, Communist artillery
can zero in on the group from
three sides. American observers
estimate that 100000 Communist
troops man the areas around Que
moy. Peiping repeatedly threat
ems to invade as an "opportune
moment" ac
Many former residents Of the
Quemoy islands now live on Tai
wan itself, or have migrated to
Southeast Asia, an exodus that
began after Japan warred on
China and intensified after the
Communists completed their sweep
Of the mainland in 1919.
invaders Beoten OFF
In. November of that year q
15,000-man Communist force in
vaded Quemoy, were defeated by
the Nationalists. Half the Com
munist invaders were killed or
captured. In the intervening II
years, the Communists have, not
tried to invade Quemoy again, but
the artillery war" continued, with
shelling a normal nighttime phe-
nomenon.
In 1866 and again in 1858 the
Communist shelling Of Quemoy
burst into special violence, with
Evening star., 1960-10-16
Defense:
Sea 0Exercise

Allied military chiefs study
results, seek conclusions follow
ing wide-ranging NATO land,
sea and air exercises.
In the many debates in this
country over defense matters, the
question is almost always boiled
down to one of United States YER
sus Soviet strength. I,
Americans, generally, do not
seem to have a real appreciation
OF the contribution our NATO
partners make nor how well their
forces are integrated with our own.
Last week, the critiques, or "hot
wash-ups" as the Royal Navy puts
1t, were being run on the receestly
concluded series of NATO mill
tary exercises which ranged from
Northern Norway to Turkey.
While it Is too early to make
firm conclusions, commanders in
every theater have reported that
the multi-nation forces had never
worked so well together in q peace
time drill. Communications were
better than anticipated and the
Standardization Of equipment,
once an exasperating problem, is
Evening star., 1960-10-16

and entertainment groups occupy
the spare time of the Nationalist
soldiers and those civilians who
can find time to attend.
One Chinese official, calculating
the number Of rounds Of artillery
flred by the Communists in the
last two years, figured that it cost
the amazing sum of 1928, 900
Omitted States) to kill each civil
ian. Military casualty figures, Of
flcially termed light" are not
available.
Growing Prosperity
The scrabbly, rocky soil Of Que
moy is hilly and dry. watered by
sluggish streams but greatly en-
riched by commercial fertilizers.
An intensive land reform pro-
gram. coupled with special at
tention from the Sino-American
Joint Commission on rural reha-
bilitation, has made the Que
moy farmer one of ASia'S most
skilled and prosperous. He is an
expert on everything from in
SecticideS to compost heaps.
AS result, Quemoy nearly feeds
itself, raising cabbages, sweet
potatoes, sugar cane, radishes,
hogs, chickens - indeed almost
everything except rice, which is
brought from Taiwan. Crop yields
have risen steadily under the
commissions aegis. Vegetable pro-
duction doubled since the early
tionalist aid, but most Of these are
Neither the "Formosa resolution"
OF 1855 nor the United States-Na-
tionaliSt China mutual defense
treaty commits the United States
to defend more than Taiwan itself
and the Pescadores Islands. But if
the President Of the United States
finds that an attack on the off,
shore islands is ineffect an attack
on Taiwan. he can call American
forces into action to defend the
offshore islands. To date, the
President has not indicated what
his determination would be, in case
Of any such attack.
Foces Foochow
Ninety miles west Of Taiwan,
and 6 miles of the China main
land, Is the Matsu Archipelago, a
windswept group Of islands facing
Foochow. The main island Is
MatSu. only 5 square miles in area,
about one-quarter the size of Man
haitian. Here, too, the earth Is
alive with underground passage
ways, pillboxes and mine fields.
Matsu does not even have an air
field-only a place for seaplane
landings.
There are 1000 farmers and
fishermen on the Matsu Islands,
155 miles north Of Quemoy.
Up and down the China coast.
several tiny islets are occupied by
Nationalist forces or by anti Com
munist guerrillas receiving Ma
tionalist aid, but most Of there are
beyond artillery range Of the
mainland.
North American Newspaper Alliance)
Evening star., 1960-10-16
Continued From Page C-1

Of having to repudiate himself.
In a patent bid for the Negro
vote, the former Ambassador en-
gagged in some reverse racism. If
the Republicans were elected, he
told a Harlem rally, a Negro will
be appointed to the cabinet. This
was no mere campaign promise,
but was Offered as a pledge-and
as pledge that will be redeemed
Beginning in January, l961"-he
added.
The next day in North Carolina,
Mr.. Lodge. perhaps realizing the
absurdity of promising to select a
man for high Government Office
because his skin is q certain color,
climbed back OF the limb. 81
cannot pledge anything" he said,
explaining that his Harlem state
ment had been drawn up per-
maps hastily and not in the best
phrasing."
Evening star., 1960-10-16
After Years Of Bombordment
Quemoy-Motsu Morale Is Good

more than. half Q million rounds
being fred In each instance. In
1859, the famous every -other-
day" bombardment Of Quemoy
waxed furious, continuing for
months.
During President Eisenhower's
visit to Tatwan last June, the
Communists poured 175,000 shells
onto Quemoy in two days.
Every instance Of intensified
Communist bombardment has re.
awakened the issue of the or
shore islands in the world press
and among world statesmen. One
school Of free world opinion has
consistently held that the islands
should be surrendered as "inde-
feasible" or as provocative" to
the Communists; the other school
has maintained the islands are
"defensible." necessary for the
defense Of Taiwan, and no more
provocative to Communist China
than any other Of the numerous
free world defense positions in
Asia, such as Taiwan itself, Japan,
South Korea, the Philippines,
Thailand and South Wet Nam.
Chino 'CrOst the Bay
Quemoy itself is $50 miles west
Of Taiwan, 90 miles west Of the
Nationalist held Pescadores Is
lands, which are considered a part
Of Taiwan,, and 220 miles from
Taipei, the Nationalist capital.
The Quemoy Islands are inhabited
mostly by fisherfolk and small
farmers. many Of whom can view
from their fields their unvisitable
motherland rising imperiouSly
amid green mountains across the
narrow waters that separate Que
moy from the mainland.
Since 1858. some 100 Quemoy
civilians have been killed by artil-
lery. Houses and streets in the
main town of the island have
been gutted: the airport has been
pockmarked and as quickly re-
paired; the modern 60-bed hos
pital was hit and repaired. The
natives Of Quemoy have earned
much money by selling the shells
as scrap metal. There is no ap-
preciable emigration despite q
standing offer to all on Quemoy
who wish to settle on Taiwan.
Morale is high. Open-a -air movies
Evening star., 1960-10-16
THE FOREIGN SCENE

resisting first the Japanese and
later the French when the latter
sought to reimpose the prewar
colonial status quo" in Laos.
Assistance for the Pathet Lao
has been reliably reported as COM
ing from Communist North Wet
Nam, bordering on Laos, and
through Hanoi from the govern
ment of Communist China.
Evening star., 1960-10-16
RockefeUer's Stand

Mr.. Rockefeller, it might be
noted, last week took exception to
the Vice Presidents rather re-
markable assessment that United
States prestige is at an all-time
high and Russia's at an all-time
low.
One can only surmise with what
Evening star., 1960-10-16
- - e.ss SIx.K K@aS
Our Newest Mission
In the Antarctic

two nuclear reactors at McMurdo
and one each at South Pole and
Byrd. To be completed In 1862,
these facilities will provide the
stations with a long lasting source
Of power. relieving the Air Force
and Navy of the yearly task Of
hauling petroleum from distant
sources.
At Byrd Station, construction
will also begin on permanent quar-
ters under the ice. Buildings will
be trenched and covered by snow
to remove them from constant
battering on the surface.
Admiral Tyree must also over
see other related tasks, such as
providing for scientific overland
tricks and improved communica-
tions with the outside world. That
In itself is an enormous order
because Of peculiar atmospheric
conditions at the pole which often
reduce radio operators to q quiv-
ering rage at the drop Of a sun
spot.
To cope with all these pro-
jectS, the Nation has dispatched
nearly 5000 people to the Ant
arctic and New Zealand head
quarters this season. That figure
is in sharp contrast to the scien-
tific and work parties that winter
over" each season. That group
numbers only about 200, includ-
ing 40 scientists.
Experienced in Field
Admiral Tyree, who left Wash
ington'S old Central High School
in 1921 to attend the Naval
Academy, was selected for the Job
because of his experience in scien-
tific work.
A former superintendent of the
Naval Gun Factory and a life
long resident of the Washington
area, the admiral had just finished
service. as head Of the Navy's
participation in the 1858 Eniwetok
nuclear weapons tests when the
Nation decided to continue in
definitely in the Antarctic.
Rear Admiral Dufek had taken
on the job only for the duration
OF the ICY, and asked to be re-
lieved from his Antarctic post.
The Navy needed a scientist and
an organizer, and since, as Ad-
miral Tyree says, II was avail
able" he was requested to take
over.
The graying. bright-eyed ad-
miral recalled:
"An I said was Give me several
months to learn the environment
and the peculiarities of the Job
and support me with officers with
cold-weather experience"
The Navy gladly did so, and
Admiral Tyree spent late 1858 and
early 1859 learning the lay of
the land in the Antarctic beside
his former Annapolis classmate,
Admiral Dufek. ,. r.
Last year, he said. marked the
end Of the first phase in Amer
ica's Antarctic program. This year
is the beginning of the new, and
Admiral Tyree is determined to
have 1t done right.
But that's not to say he won't
be glad to get back to his 35-acre
Matthews County (Va.) home
when Deep Freeze 1861 ends next
spring washington time).
"I'll be looking forward to that
first sight of the Washington
Monument" he says. That will
mean ! am home"
Evening star., 1960-10-16
Warmer South

Meanwhile, Mr.. johnson was
campaigning in the South and,
while he perhaps had little to do
with it, he found that the leading
politicians there were warming UP
10, the Democratic ticket. Even
Senator Herman Talmadge of
Georgia was speaking almost like
q Loyalist. The most probable
reason for the trend: The South
ern politicos see q Kennedy VIC
tory in November.
: Whether there is q feeling in
Evening star., 1960-10-16

a launch from the Pacific missile
base. Military planners hope that
some day Samos will take the
place Of our discarded U-2 recon-
naiSSance planes.
Evening star., 1960-10-16

Stor , StoUs y On leoVe oB oDSeuCO tpb
Q trip to the Peeifie.
ington, is commander of the
United States Naval Support
Force, Antarctica, and successor
to pioneering Admirals Byrd and
Dufek.
He, too, is q pioneer in the vast
Antarctic continent still largely
unknown to man.
And, like any pioneer, he has
high hopes for the future Of his
project, Operation Deep Freeze
1851.
There are about 5A million
square miles in the Antarctic"
he declared one recent morning
in his Christchurch headquarters,
"and about is to 18 per cent
Of the earth's land area.
"If you had o 1O0-acre farm
and no idea Of what there was
on Is acres Of 1t, you'd naturally
be curious to know something
about it. You'd lose a lot Of
money If you didn't know.
That's why we're in the Ant
arctic-to find out what's here
and how we can make use Of
that knowledge"
Scientific Work at Pole
It is not an inexpensive project.
The United States this year is
spending about 81 million for
scientific work in the South Polar
regions and some SIS million for
military support, including pay,
food, statistical analysis and ships
operations. ...
In addition, 50 million will be
spent to rebuild Byrd Station, 50
million for improvement in conf
munications and $13 million for
four nuclear reactor power sta
tions-all over the period of the
two coming years.
And how will the Nation bene-
fit in return? In many ways, says
Admiral Tyree.
For one thing" he observed,
1--WE >are learning how nature in
the Antarctic affects our daily
lives. Weather that is born down
there has a direct effect on the
Southern Hemisphere and an in
direct one on our own in the
United States.
For another, we are only be-
ginning to find out about the
various phenomena that affect our
communications-which are grow
ing more vital to the free world
every day"
There is a third, much more
long-range study that probably
faScinates the admiral-and many
Scientists-even more. It is the
study Of ice and the prospects of
how that frozen mass will affect
the oceans of the world hundreds
and thousands of years in the fu-
ture.
''Eighty-f1ve per cent of the
worlds ice is in the Antarctic"
Admiral Tyree noted. IF it all
melted tomorrow, it would raise
the oceans $50 to 200 feet, flood
ing every major seaport in the
world. Naturally, that's not going
to happen overnight, but we're
here to study the trends"
Permanent Facilities
The task he faces in the next
two years is a man-sized one. He
must convert the three remaining
American bases -McMurdo Sound.
Byrd Station and South Pole Sta
tion-from temporary to perma-
nent facilities. They were origi-
nally built only to support the
international Geophysical Year
which ended in 1858.
Subsequently, the United States
decided to continue its scientific
explorations as did IL other ma
tionS.
Thus the Navy will supervise
construction beginning this season,
which is summer in Antarctica, of
Evening star., 1960-10-16

restraint the outspoken Governor
told an inquiring reporter:
I would not make quite as
fiat statement as that"
Evening star., 1960-10-16

M. MQeDousoIl, q member Of The
StoF's stoH, is on leave Of absence for
Q trip to the Pecifie.
Evening star., 1960-10-16
BY WILLIAM MacDOUGALL

CHRISTCHURCH, New Zealand.
Rear Admiral David Merrill
Tyree saw his first blizzard in
Washington during the inaugira-
ton Of President Taft in 1909.
He has seen plenty Of them
since, ant is sure to see plenty
more, for he is now the Nations
No. man in the Antarctic. Ad-
miral Tyree, 56, born in Wash
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1960-03-18

Mote: When
not keep my mind off recent column by Jackie Robinson in the
N Y. POST and the Chicago DAILY DEFENDER
dnent sharing 1t with readers.-Percy Vnla)
BY JACKIE ROBINSON
AS drove my office Tuesday morning
and heard the reporting
OF young Texas Negro Picked at random ofense charged against
him. his masked white assalan him by the heels beat him
with chains body Immediately
aeward reporter
speak Wednesday night report
goodwill tour of the American
When reached my office pretty angry mood How
long asked myself continue gay
deudng itself influence abroad
while allowing stark racsm to rim riot here at home? Doesn't our
President realize that the incident the u
undo at fell all the goodwill his and speech
making seeks to build up?
behalf concept individual
dom shall be guaranteed peoples the world
either
mum or merely to counsel patience and education as the solution
exactly equality that
speech Wednesday night he
called for genuine mutual understanding Of the attitudes and a
peoples Negro application
of these paudes here at home mutual understanding bos down
to a one-way message Negroes should be more patient
suggest the time is long overdue President
little goodwill touring right here at home For all Of his attempts to
of the world doomed to failure until
he takes active positive role eliminating the otaaranism
within borders.
Stn-make about thisNegro Americans intend to
yoke anyone thinks the
current surge of demonstration the merely
day stopped by rpsa nchng
Negroes death
this eternal waiting for Eisenhower or Congress or ANYBODY else to
that they will utilize possible
peaceful themselves gain their rights
meeting and talking
the unchCouner protests
but deadserous determination impressed end Some
personally mahanded
New York rally
support And each of
another he
had had the honor of being arrested
his American addresses laid aside
prepared sincerely
the coming leaders of their
wanted to reach them with the
hat interests
aside his preConCeVed notions
problems that Negro students his
demonstrating like their ounparts
demanding that democracy
up o shut
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1960-03-18
Wilson Under Test

Shortly after Green joined the
Red Sox, the team reached down
to the Millers and grabbed their
second tan Observation-Disclosures
pitcher Earl Wilson. Wilson, who
had been in military service two
years, reported to the Millers last
spring If he can master his con-
troll, he will prove an effective
pitcher. But in the American As
ISOLATION he won 10 and lost 2,
striking out 129 and walking "a.
He was also quite a threat at
the plate lin AS ABS, he made 16
hits including three homers and
three doubles for a 1856 average) q.
He was signed as a catcher but
was converted to a pitcher with his
first pro baseball team, Bisbee-
Douglas of the Arizona State
League. This winter, he twirled
in the Puerto Rico League, COM
piling a 15-to-3 record.
Boston pitching coaches are sure
to concentrate on Wilson. hoping
that they can develop his control
to a finer pitch. Otherwise, he is
ready to become a winner in the
majors, they say.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1960-03-18
SPORTS
BY BILL BROWER

regular college drawing per-
haps greatest college performer winding
AAmercan Robertson
to Undergraduates that is
likely great University
among
for the U OIymPics
by way, performers
named to AAmecan teams selected by the Sporting News the
Associated Press and the United Press International He was acclaimed
Sporting selections selected
all but three of the 3OO-odd ballots the UPI poll
Standing
Cncnnais
gave rousng standing
games already
college history field goals
other player and accumulated other marks The remain
accomplishment
leadership for the third consecutive campaign.
by player
plaud junior
leading
UPI and Sporting News first AAmecn He edged
by Tony Jackson, Johns the AP
recognition Benamy
Michigan
top for York University
Star Performers
along Chamberlain
Baylor college
ranks in the three four that impossible that the
bring anyone performances
We're not about that Tom stth moderated but
Beamy There others col
ege competition left that might shoot their way
Amng the better Knighon New Mexico Bill
Bridges Leroy
Walker Bradley
Robertson To Cincinnati:
way, be picked National
Basketball Association the
Chamber
lain of the Philadelphia Warriors and Baylor of the Minneapolis
only pick spring Fory
Michigan Walker
better performer college than Johnny Green last captain
Sparans who New York
many Vaughn
Denver Willie Jones Northwesten holden Gentry Iowa and Sand
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1960-03-18
Don NeWcombe
Big Asset To
Cincinnati Reds

Tampa, Fla. (ANP) THE hard
est worker in the Cincinnati Reds
camp this season is a fella who has
nothing to worry about as far as
job security is concerned. He is
big Don Newcombe, whose IS wins
led the Reds pitchers in victories
last year.
Newk's daily program, self-de-
vised and self-imposed, consists in
the early stage of conditioning of
three parts running, one part
throwing and the other setting up
exercises.
No one tells the highlander,
once regarded as one of the hest
pitchers in the majors, how to get
ready to pitch. He sets his own
pace-but it is a pace so intensive
that it is not matched by any other
player on the team.
Newk's 1859 record was better
than it appeared on paper. He lost
several 1-run games in suffering
eight defeats, a couple of the losses
coming in the 10th inning.
His best season was in 1856
when he pitched the Brooklyn
Dodgers into the World Series with
27 triumphs.
He has no particular goal this
year. He explains that personal
mound conquests are secondary to
winning enough games to give the
Reds a pennant, with the rest OF
the mounds corps.
Good as any of the other four
clubs" he says when asked of the
Reds pennant chances. by the
other four, 1 mean the Dodgers
Giants, Pirates and Braves"
THE Dodgers are the champs
But I don't think they'll be any
tougher than the Braves anC
Giants. The Giants, like the Reds
strengthened themselves where
they were weak last season -
pitching"
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1960-03-18
TEAM STANDINGS

Team High Single Game: Brooks
Funeral Home, 1856; Grove Finance,
TIA; Just Rite Bar-B-Q, 759; Ted
Bies, 759.
Team High Series: Just Rite
Rar-B-Q, 1926; Jimmy's DIX, 21s3;
Grove Finance, 21S0.
Individual High Single Game:
Terry Mcclellan, 2O4. Lillian Fin
ley, 1877; Mary Russell, $50.
Individual High Series: Terry
Mcclellan, 491; Mary Russell, AT;
Pat Schuck, 476.
st. Paul Women's City Bowling
tournament rolled" to a close
March 5 having the required num-
Der of entries in each of the three
events to make it a successful one.
The Twin Cities Ladies league,
predominately Negro, was well rep
resented in each of the events and
some of the members will receive
a part of the prize awards. Team"
entries in the City Tournament
from the Twin Cities Ladies are
DESTROYS of bowling on lanes ad-
jaCent to and with teams other
than those of their own league
They feel the competitive spirit of
the tournament, particularly the
city tournament, improves. Since
not many more than four teams
from their league enter the sched-
ule could be made to read so with
out any undue effort on the part
of those persons or person who
make the schedule.
The League membership is not
limited as to race, color, creed OF
national origin. The Sub" list in
Cludes members other than Negro
who, when their other commit.
ments allow became regulars. >
The spirit of a good Sports A
cheerful Loser and Good Winner
can't be beat! Congratulations ant
good bowling to come Ladies'"
All honor to him who shall win
the prize, the world has cried for a
thousand years; But to him who
tries and fails and dies, I give
great honor and glory and tears.
C. H. Miller