davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-10-23

which have appreciably declined
compared to a year ago and, de-
spite efforts to stimulate them,
have shown no significant i'm
provement.
In assessing the effect of school
construction on the economy, it
IS clear that the greatest impact
would be on. building materials,
steel, bricks, lumber, etc., with
their Nationwide sources of sup
ply. Only about one-third of the
cost Of constructing the average
school building goes for labor,
much Of which frequently is drawn
from areas beyond the locale of
the particular construction job.
Government statisticians estimate
that school building affects more
industries throughout the country
than does highway construction.
In fact, schools have somewhat
the same general economic effect
on building as do hospitals.
Job Greeting Impetus
The job-creating impetus of
school construction was clearly
brought out in testimony two
years ago before a subcommittee
of the House Committee on Edu-
cation and Labor. A check with
Government experts indicates that
no official study. has as yet dis
proved the following calculations.
DR.. Walter w. Heller, chairman
of the department of economics.
University of Minnesota. testify
ing for the National Education
Association, estimated on the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-10-23
BySAIlRfAM oFTENBERG
star STAG writer

For two ana a half years, Fed
eral agents and Justice Depart
ment attorneys have been quietly
going about the business Of look
ing for the one chink in the
armor Of the Nations top hood
lums and racketeers.
How they Jared Is told In q
progress report to Attorney Gen.
eral Rogers by the chief Of his
criminal division, Assistant Attor-
ney General Malcolm n. Wilkey.
The report reads Ike q who's
who Of organized crime and the
rackets.
On the basis of that report, Mr..
Rogers concluded that the top
ranks Of the criminal hierarchy
are being decimated. BY the At
torney Generals count. more than
so of those rated among the top
100 gangSters and racketeers have
been convicted or are under In
dictment. Along with the big
shots, scores Of lower echelon
racketeers have been drawn into
the net.
There was considerable skepti-
cism in April. 1858, when Mr..
Rogers announced plans for an
intensified drive on organized
crime and racketeering. After all,
the public had seen some of the
alleged vice lords ct televised
Senate Committee hearings dat
ing back to the early 1950s but
nothing had happened to them.
The Mafia was word that kept
cropping up in the news as the
symbol of organized vice but its
leaders appeared untouchable.
InsuIted BY Underlinss
The most usual explanation
and q reasonable one-for the APP
parent invulnerability Of known
FOodlums was that they were in
sulated by their underlings. The
big shots didn't point the gun.
or peddle the narcotics or sell
the numbers slips or strong-arm
workmen. SO how could they be
reached?
Mr.. Rogers limited &C the an
Swer when he said O select group
Of 26 attorneys in his Organized
Crime and Racketeering Section
Is engaged in q continuous analy-
sis of the vulnerable points in the
lifetime careers Of over $50 known
racketeers In the United States"
MIR. Wilkey gave another clue
when he said In his report:
THE Federal Government is
authorized to prosecute racketeers
only for violations Of specific laws.
Most of these laws are based upon
the power to regulate interstate
commerce or to levy taxes. This
means that the Federal Govern
ment must sometimes march
obliquely in its effort to restrain
the professional criminals in our
society"
The key words are march
obliquely."
Say q racket Is reported to be
flourishing in an area. The local
police know about 1t. So do one
or more Federal agencies. The
first question is to determine the
identity Of the kingpin. If the
racketeer is reachable for that
particular crime in that particu-
lar area. he is the pigeon Of one
Of the Sc Assistant United States
Attorneys specially designated in
key areas to concentrate full or
part-time on organized crime in
their districts.
But suppose this is a well-insu->
lated overload. He may be known
to several Federal agencies-aS
well as. the local ones-for crimes
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-10-23

basis of over a thousand school
construction projects in Federally
affected areas that:
Each additional 500 million
spent for school construction viii,
create approximately $4,000 man
years of work. This work would
be distributed as follows: 5000
man-yearS of direct on-the-site
labor: 5000 man-years of indirect
labor in building material indus
tries, such as basic metals, lumber.
glass, and plumbing manufacture:
$500 man-years of labor in the
architectural. drafting, engineer
ing and earth-moving occupations
and professions, and $500 man.
years of labor in the school fur
niture and equipment industry"
DR.. Heller pointed out also
that these figures compare quite
favorably with the estimate of
approximately 1000 man-years
of labor created by 500 million
Of highway construction reported
to another congressional COM
mittee."
Breakdown of Materials
Describing the amount of build
ing materials that would be used
for 500 million invested in school
construction, DR.. Heller said there
would be a demand for SCI mil
lion of electrical material; $12.7
million for plumbing and heating
materials; Sc million for struc-
tural steel, steel joists and steel
roof decking; $2.6 million for
brick and tile; Ssh million for con-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-10-23

UelLnef Clio Al Cap0ne Dack In
the days when income tax evasion
was first used as a weapon against
the monsters.
In some areas Of the country,
organized crime got its foothoId
through police corruption. The
fact that crime and corruption
still go together is the reason
why the Federal law enforcement
agencies and the Justice Depart
ment are strongly opposed to a
Federal clearing house of infor-
nation on organized crime. II
the mobs owned" one police
chief. they could quickly find out
all the information extant on
their activities.
locoI Police Coses
Mr.. Wilkey's report touches
on Federal investigations which
brought local police under scru-
tiny. There was. to name only
one, the Richmond numbers
operation where Internal Revenue
agents observed members of the
local police frequenting the gam
bling headquarters.
Probably the case that has cut
the widest swathe since the racket
drive got under way was the con-
viction of 20 men who had at
tended the clandestine meeting
Of crime chieftains at Apalachin,
N. Y. in November, 1857.
In sentencing the defendants,
Federal Judge Irving r. Kaufman
said their probation reports read
like a tale of horrors" that they
had sought to corrupt and infil-
trate the political mainStreams of
this country and that they had
led double lives Of crime and
responsibility.
The Apalachin convictions gave
a shot in the arm to the Justice
Departments organized crime
drive for many reasons. First,
the names of many of the men
who met around the barbecue pit
at Apalachin had been linked to
Malta. Second. although the FBI
contributed by far the largest
single portion Of the evidence,
the case represented the CO.
ordinated effort Of nearly a dozen
Federal and State agencies. Third,
although most of the defendants
were untouchable for a variety
Of crimes, prosecutive tool was
found to reach them. They were
convicted Of q conspiracy to OBJ
struct justice. And finally, once
the door to them was opened, it
stayed open. Some Of the Apa-
lachin delegates have been con-
victed or await trial for viola
tions Of narcotics and Taft
Hartley laws, income tax evasion,
illegal entry and criminal con-
tempt Of court. Some have been
ordered deported.
Would Plug LoOphoIes
Despite the Apalachin success
story, Mr.. Wilkey, in his report,
called for q comprehensive anti
racketeering bill to plug loopholes
in Federal jurisdiction and to
strike forcefully at 1.-THE intricate
operations Of interstate Syndi-
Gated crime"
Here are q few highlights of
what the Justice Department has
done by way of the oblique ap-
proach or Achilles heel as well as
by the more direct methods of
prosecution:
NARCOTICS
Harry Stromberg, alias Mig
Rosen, was the financial hacker
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-10-23

dating back over the years but he
has been untouchable. Informers
may be willing to tell all they
know about him to a Federal In
vestigator. but they would never
testify in court.
Moy Be Vulnerable
Now the attorneys in the Or
ganized Crime and Racketeering
Section come into the picture.
They analyze the reports. II q
man has committed many crimes.
they reason, he must have slipped
somewhere. But where?
Along with the reports. they
study the law books-looking for
old prospective tools to use in a
new way. The answer may lie in
income tax evasion or violation
Of the gambling tax law or con-
spiracy to obstruct justice or IL
legal entry into this country many
years back or violation of the
antitrust laws or extortion af-
fecting interstate commerce or
election fraud or even violation
Of civil rights.
Once they spot a possible viola
ton. the Justice Department at
torneys ask for a new and more
pin-pointed investigation. That
does it.
The hoodlum may not 60 to jail
for the crime that first brought
him to the attention of law en-
forcement authorities. But, then,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-10-23
PLUGGING The LoopHoLEs AsS'ek4z..
y. SIS New Crime Drive Is Paying off


building in Terra Haute, Ind, in.
stalled eight telephones and re-
ceived over 5000 collect toll calls
from well-known bookies in 10
weeks. Their gross business trans =
acted amounted to more than 81
million in bets monthly. After
careful surveillance, they were cor
rallied in q raid and convicted.
LIQUOR
Grafton Burgess and 90 others
operated a liquor conspiracy ex-
tending from Florida to the Dis
trict. They conSpired to dispose
of more than 50 million Of Illicit
liquor in about a year and half
before they were convicted.
Joseph Mazzio and 10 others
were the principals in the largest
liquor conspiracy ever uncovered
in the Philadelphia area. Between
April. 1857, and June, 1858, they
operated a three-story still in
Reading. Pa, which produced
375, 900 gallons of alcohol at tax
loss of $3,935,000.
INCOME TAX EVASION
Figures prominent in recent
disclosures Of labor racketeering
and union abuses who were caught
on income tax frauds included
Dave Beck, former president of the
International Transfers Union;
Eugene c. James, accused of en-.
bezzling large sums from the
Laundry Workers Union welfare
funds; Joseph Curio and George
Baker. United Automobile Workers
officials; Johnny Dio, former
secretary treasurer of two Team
sters locals. and Orell Duke)
Soucie, Chicago racketeer who
specialized in shaking down con-
tractors in the heavy construction
industry.
SENATE CASES
Investigation of matters raised
by the Mcclellan Committee led to
cases against A persons for a va
riety Of charges ranging from ex-
tortion and bribery to perjury
and fraud.
One of the defendants convicted
was William PresSer. president OF
Local SIS and Joint Council Al.
international Brotherho God Of
TeamsterS, who was convicted In
February of contempt Of Congress
and convicted in June for obstruc-.
ton of justice. He was accused Of
destroying records subpoenaed b.:
the Notwithstanding an in
voice and Christmas list" showing
that Joint Council Al had pur-.
chased eight engraved champagne
coolers.
Peter Licavoli, already in prison
for income tax evasion, was caught
again. The Detroit underworld
figure was sentenced to serve six
months and pay $1,000 for con-
tempt of Congress.
ANTITRUST
When racketeers move into bis
g.. business, they can be trapped fol
price-fixing schemes, boycotts anc
coercive business practices.
Irving Bitz, officer of the Bronx
County News Corp. and BIZ County
News Corp. of New York, con-
spired with officials of the News
paper and Mail Deliverers Union
Of New York and others in an
elaborate scheme to exclude COM
petitorS and to exact tribute from
wholesalers. To enforce compli-
ance, he threatened labor trouble
and work stoppages. He drew
two concurrent five-year sentences
ana was fined total of $4,000.
Evening star., 1960-09-01
"a Students Can't Find
School to 7 axe Them In

barracks to house migrant
workers needed for defense in.
dustries.
When peace came, the work
ers moved on. Today, the CON-
munity-less than half a mile
square--has about 5000 resi-
dents. practically all of then
Negroes. More than half oi
them are on relief and town.
ship officials are hard pressed
to get funds to operate the com.
munity.
Detroit officials, citing fruit
less attempts to collect $685.
900 in overdue tuition money
from the township, closed the
doors of its school system to
Royal Oak Township students
for the school year starting
next week.
Oak Park and Ferndale said
they had no room; that class
room schedules had been drawn
up weeks ago and teacher as
SignmentS made.
Some Negro leaders said the
failure to find classroom space
for the "a was based on racial
prejudice. School officials in
Detroit, Oak Park and Fern
dale denied this.
Lynn s. Bartlett, State super
intendent Of public instruction,
Evening star., 1960-09-01
Few Incidents
Disturb Quiet
In Jacksonville
JACKsONVILLE, Fla., Sew

JACKSONVILLE. Fla. Sept
/ (AP). - Jacksonville came
through one of its quietest
nights last night since racial
disorders broke out last Satur-
day.
Relatively few incidents were
reported to police. who con-
tinued their constant patrols
Of troubled areas, on the look
out for night snipers and fire
bombers who have kept the
metropolitan area on edge since
Saturday.
Both Negroes and white per-
sons have been involved in the
turmoil since a near-riot was
averted in a downtown park,
climaxing 10 days of Negro sit
in demonstrations.
One death has resulted from
the violence, and many per-
sons have been injured.
Swift penalties we're promised
by City Judge John Santora for
troublemakers.
I'm going to break up these
hoodlums carrying guns" he
declared yesterday after giving
$75 fines to two white men ac-
cused of threatening Negro
postal worker with a shotgun.
Evening star., 1960-09-01
Catholic School
Lists 9 Neqroes

HOUSTON, Tex, Sept. !
(AP).-Nine Negro students
are among the lot scheduled
to attend formerly all-white
st. Mary's Catholic School
today.
The Rev. Dexter s. George,
pastor Of st. Mary's Catholic
Church, said the Negroes were
enrolled in the first, second and
third grades.
Father George said st. Mary's
parish has more than 800 Ne
gro Catholic families and the
church has been integrated for
several years.
The Most Rev. Wendelin Jo-
Seph Mold, bishop of the Gal
veston-Houston diocese, said
Sunday that no other Catholic
schools in Houston would be
deSegregated at this time.
Houston, with the Nations
largest segregated school sys-
TEN, is under court order to
integrate its first grade when
public school classes start next
Wednesday.
Evening star., 1960-09-01

Puerto Rican children could
transfer. The total may even
tually rise to $4,000.
Schools OvercrOwded
The sending" schools-those
from which the pupils will be
allowed to shift--have the
greatest concentration Of Ne
gro and Puerto Rican children,
at least 85 per cent. A num-
ber of these schools are seri-
ously overcrowdcd.
The receiving" schools - to
which pupils will have the OPP
ton of shifting-are not being
used to capacity. They can
take care of at least 10 per
cent more pupils.
DR.. John j. Theobald, super
intendent of schools, said yes
Evening star., 1960-09-01

DETROIT, Sept. / (APa.-
The plight Of "a suburban
Negro students who have nC
high school in which to enroll
next week drew the attention
Of top Michigan officials today
The "a were among the 6(
who were graduated in june
from elementary school in the
little Detroit suburban COM
munity Of Roal Oak Township
They want to continue Their
education, but none Of the sur
rounding communities-Detroi
Ferndale or Oak Park-have
been able to work out arrange
ments to take the students into
their schools.
The basic problem is that
Royal Oak Township is an un-
tidy remnant of World War II
"a shantytown. The frame
work of the community was set
up by the Federal Government
which threw up scores Of flimSy
Evening star., 1960-09-01

terday the transfers will be
made on q "first come, first
served" basis. Parents who
want their children shifted will
have to provide transportation.
but they will qualify for re-
duced fares on public transpor-
tation.
Two Reasons
The purpose Of the program,
as explained by the board in
a statement and by DR.. Theo-
bald at a press conference, is
twofold.
The board described the first
purpose in this way: "A school
can be a good school regardless
of ethnic distribution. but there
can be little doubt that a
school has certain additional
values for our democracy If its
student body represents a va
riety of ethnic and religious
distributions"
At the press conference, DR..
Theobald said the second pur-
pose is to provide minority
group youth with a maximum
opportunity to grow" He said
experience has shown that
when a pupil from a poverty
stricken, segregated area gets
a chance to study in a racially
integrated school with high
standards, the student improves
his own performance.
He cited one case of q student
whose 10 Intelligence quoti-
ent) tested at so in a segre-
gated school, but tested at 100
Evening star., 1960-09-01
Survey Markings
Found Deep in Tree

PERRY, Fla. (AP).-Mark-
ings from the original U. s.
government survey of Florida
back in 1929 have been found
in the heart of a cypress tree
in North Florida.
A land survey crew found
the survey marks and three So
called witness trees used to
help locate a particular sec
ton corner.
The original surveyor chip
ped a slab from a tree and on
the fiat surface had marked
the township, range and Sec
ton numbers. The markings
now are six inches deep in the
tree.
Evening star., 1960-09-01
Lody Likes Walking,
Turns Mail Carrier

BEACH HAVEN, N. j. (AP) i.
Mrs. Grace Pharo, a 41-year-
old mother of two. loves to
walk in the fresh air. So she
became the States first and
only lady mail carrier with a
city route.
She has even delivered an
alligator without a hitch. The
local postmaster thinks she
does a better job than many
Of the men. She doesn't fritter
away her time with chit-chat,
her boss says.
Evening star., 1960-09-01

now will be given the option
Of sending them to racially-
mixed or predominantly white
schools.
Segregation Banner
Racial segregation in New
York schools is illegal. Neigh
borhood patterns, however. re-
suit in some cases in school
populations that are all or
nearly all white or Negro.
The new program, effective
at the opening of the term
September IL, will affect at the
start 81 sending" junior high
schools and % receiving
Junior high, and also two senior
high schools. The board of
education plans to extend the
new policy to elementary schools
by September. 1861.
At the start, 5000 Negro and
Evening star., 1960-09-01

said the matter baslcally was a
local one.
Today he was joined by Gov.
q. Mennen Williams in a sched-
uled meeting with various
school and township officials
involved to see II they can
find a solution.
Evening star., 1960-09-01

after three years Of study in
an integrated school with high
er standards. He indicated that
the youth in qquestion was a
Negro. The city's school sys-
tenn has about million pupils.
Evening star., 1960-09-01
More Race Mixing Due
In New. York Schools

NEW YORK. Sept. (AF).-The Board of Education has
changed school coming policies major to achieve
greater mixing Of the races in city's schools.
The policy had been to require children to attend schools
their Many of these schools overcrowded
while schools farther away have unused rooms.
of thousands of Negro and Puerto Rcan children
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1960-10-01
Tartars Open Against
Mi|likin Univ. Saturday

Wayne State Univcrsity's foot
ben team has one more week of
practice before opening its seven
game 1860 schedule Saturday.
October /, against Millikin Uni
versity at Tartar Field
The game will be the first
meeting between the Tartars and
Millikin, which is located in De
catur, Ill. Two other new oppon-
ents - Washington & Jefferson
College of Washington. Pa. and
Taylor University of Upland. Ind.
are also on this years schedule
Besides Millikin. Wayne State 5
other home games are against
John Carroll on Oct %. Western
Reserve on Oct. %, and the Home
coming Game on Nov. II against
Taylor The Tartars play Washing
ton & Jefferson. Case Tech and
Allegheny in away games.
HAL WILLARD. who has been
acting head coach since Herb
Smith underwent major surgery
early this month. has a squad
built around IL lettermen
His tentative starting lineup
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1960-10-01

lists nine veterans and two new
corners. The first-year men will
probably ST. : against MiIIikin
are 220-pound guard Jim Proctor
and l75-pou,d left halfback Shell
don Lax.
Four starters fullback jim
Morse. end Dale MandreIl, guard
Barry Sarver and tackle Bill kola-
kowski-are back from the 1859
squad that won four and lost
three and tied r second place
in the PreSit n,S ftnlclc Con
ference
Mike Soluk. a starter in 1858
but ineligible last season. is back
at quarterback. while lctterman
Angelo Nicholas rounds out the
backfield at right halfback. 9th
crs in the starting line are vet
Grams Angus Mackenzie at end.
Johnson Mckinney at tackle. and
Don .Kaump al center.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1960-10-01

sion in a warrant issued by the
prosecutors office.
The complainant Doris White.
20. Of 1899 Poplar. said she gave
kerlcy a monograph valued at
Sll9 TO take to a store for
repair She said Kerley pawncd
the machine for SIS.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1960-10-01

DETROIT TRIBUNE. SATURDAY, OCTOBER i, 1860
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1960-10-01
COURT news

served Williams take the money
Cleveland Davis 30. of 1854
Second, was arrested last week
and charged with robbery armed
The complainant joyce Seaiou
%. of 1868 Lawrence. Grand
Blanc. told police she was about
to enter her parked car on Slim.
son. west of Woodward. when
Davis grabbed her from behind
placed his lands over her mouth
and took her purse contalnIng
So from under her arm
Miss Seaton said Davis fled to-
ward Woodward with her in pur-
suit Police observed the chase
arrested Davis and confiScatcd
the purse and the money
The officers quoted Davis say
ing Il am working only part
time | needed money but now
| want to 20 to jail -
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1960-10-01

James will be- played al Olympia
Stadium and the other four are
booked al University Of Detroit
while ice shows take over the
Grand River arena. l. OF d. will
host one of the big MIA double.
headers on the schudle. on Wed
n"sda, March B 1t viii be the
first league twinbill in history
II Memorial Building.
Wednesdays az, Fridays g.
nd Sundays o. are the FREEDOM
inant dates -Four Sabbath ilis
will be played in the afternoon
as will three of the four Satur
day games listed A total Of four
games. three on Saturday and one
on Sunday, will be aired on ma
tional television with local black
out anticipated
The first home Tv date brings
the New York knicks 70 Olympia
on Saturday. October ~. Others
pit The Pisfons viii Cincinnati
on Saturday, November ~ al
U. OF D.; asa-nsr Syracuse on
Saturday. Deee m Der 10; and
against Boston on Sunday, Feb
rvary 26.
Defending Western Division
champion ST Louis will be the
most frequent visitor with 10
appearances listed, including four
as first game opponent on dou