davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-10-06
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Satellite Light to Bonish Night?
By THOMAS r. HENRY
amounts. This will completely
satisfy our power demands"

amounts. This will completely
satisfy our power demands"
Mars two moons may be
big artificial satellites, fired
from the planets surface by
ancient and probably extinct
Martians.
Similar ones are likely to
be fired from the earth in
the not too distant future.
They were designed as homes
for a rapidly increasing
Martian overflow population
exhausting rapidly the plan
cts living space.
That this is a possible, even
probable. explanation for
Phoebus and Demos, the Mar
tian moons, is the claim ad-
vanced by DR.. v. A. BronSh-
ten in a report of the Soviet
All-Union Astronomical So
ciety. A summary of the re-
port has just been published
by the United States Depart
ment of Commerce.
May Be Hollow
Both, he points out, are
small bodies, compared to
earth'S moon. Neither has a
visible disk, even in the most
powerful telescope. Compu-
tations, DR.. Bronshten says,
indicate that the diameter of
Phoebus is Is kilometers and
that Of Demos about 8
kilometerS.
1T is possible" he says,
that these have not always
been satellites of Mars. They
may have been asteroids at
one time and now have been
captured by the planet. AS
teroids do approach very
near to Mars and the size of
PhoebuS and Demos is typi-
cal of asteroids. But present
evidence makes this posi-
bility very unlikely.
up to now we have as
sumed that they have the
same mean density as Mars
itself. But nobody ever has
determined their size or mass
directly. What if the density
is many times less than we
have considered it? Is it pos
sible that they are hollow,
that both are artif1cial?"
Evening star., 1960-10-06
LETTERS TO THE STAR
Khrushchev's Antics at u. N. Assembly

Mr.. Khrushchev's plea for
reorganization of the secre-
tariat of the United Nations
seems to be dominated by
one overriding objective-to
get Communist China into
the United Nations.
Mr.. Khrushchev made it
quite clear why he wants
this. Unless Communist
China becomes a member of
the U. N. no action by that
body toward disarmament
would relieve Mr.. Khrushchev
Of the fear he now openly
displays-the fear Of hav-
ing 900 million people on his
borders fully armed, not af-
fected by United Nations
action on disarmament, hun
CRY for land now occupied
by the Soviet Union.
This is the impression Mr..
Khrushchev gave me. All the
rest Of his speech was incon-
sequential. it seemed. He
must get Communist China
under U. N. control before
Communist China, armed
and hostile. becomes a real,
instead of a potential men
ace to Soviet Russia.
F. r. EIdridge.
It seems to me that in
dealing with Mr.. Khrushchev,
our chances for making pro-
gress or reaching any kind of
an agreement are much better
while he's still here in the
States. It's plain to see that
this is the wrong time to set
up certain improbable condi-
tions under which the prin-
cipals, President Eisenhower
and Nikita Khrushchev, will
agree to meet.
The question Of releasing
the captured crewmen of the
RB-47 bomber is quite remote
at this writing. and nobody,
not even Mr.. Khrushchev, ex-
poets President Eisenhower
to publicly apologize for the
unfortunate U-2 plane Incl
dent.
I do not believe the United
States would lose face if the
President opened the door
and showed his willingness to
again meet with N. K. On the
contrary, it would probably
make us many new friends,
particularly amongst the un-
committed nations in the
U. N. The possibility of one
or the other leaders making
concessions comes a lot easier
across a dinner table, partic-
ularly in an environment
Evening star., 1960-10-06

in the Vatican will take pre-
cedence over its interest in
religion"
"Protestants cruelty dis
criminated against. driven
into the ghetto. They are
treated exactly as the Pope
likes to see them treated"
e.. eminent clergyman ;. +.
declared he would rather be
a Protestant minister in any
country behind the Iron Cur
tain than in Spain. Spain is
a country that has expert
enced everything and learned
nothing. Yet this is the
Roman Catholic ideal"
Roman Catholicism -. Is
a divisive influence in Amer
lea today"
"The public schools :. have
become the number one en-
emy of the hierarchy"
priests have led in defeat
ing bond issues for new
(schooD buildings"
One would think that a
responsible family newspaper
had better judgment than to
devote space to an article
which publicizes. promotes
and propagandizes a bigoted.
un-American organization as
the POAU. ...
Next time The Star is con-
sidering printing an article
which promotes an organiza-
ton like the POAU, it might
instead consider printing the
Ten Commandments, with
special emphasis on "thou
shalt not bear false witness
against thy neighbor."
James A. Miller.
\ = y 4
Certainly, you did not real
ize how insulting that two
column article on the POAU
would be to your Catholic
readers. This advertisement"
did not fail to give the name
and address of their place of
business and the diabolical
titles and prices of their PAM
phlets. I hope you will grant
Evening star., 1960-10-06

brand its scholarly discourses
on the church-State issues as
hate literature"
Is POAU anti-Catholic?
How scholarly are the dis
courses" of this organization?
The following excerpts
from a single POAU pam
phlet, "A Summons to Amer
icans." written by c. Stanley
Lowell, associate POAU di-
rector and editor of Church
and State (POAU publica-
tion) should answer these
questions.
Roman Catholicism has
never been too much at home
in the United States. 1t has
always found totalitarian
governments more congenial
than democracy because it is
a spiritual totalitarianism
itself"
Precisely because 1t is a
dictatorship itself, Romanism
has always got along we'll
with dictators. It understands
their way of operating"
1T was, in fact, the solid
acceptance Of Hitler by the
Roman Catholics of South
Germany which enabled him
to come to power. All Cath
olics were forbidden to op-
pose him."
e.. the Pope had no diff
f1culty embracing the Nazis. +"
Negotiations between n
Communist rulers and the
Vatican have gone on inter-
mittently. Any shift in the
power situation favorin G
Russia would hasten agree
ment. The Vatican's interest
Evening star., 1960-10-06
Answers to Questions
BY THE HASKINS SERVICE

Q. What kind of paper are
playing cards made from?
&C. w.
A. A playing card consists
of two sheets of specially
treated paper, pasted to-
gether to form a fine sheet
only 10l2 thousandths of an
inch thick. A special black
paste is used in binding the
two sheets Of paper, SO that
the cards will be Opaque.
Evening star., 1960-10-06
THE POLITICAL MILL
By GOULD LINCOLN
Jockson's Desperate Smear Effort

Democratic National Chair
man Henry M. Jackson, SEN
ator from Washington, in an
interview published in the
New York Times, charged
that Vice President Nixon.
Republican C candidate for
President, has sought to "im-
pute disloyalty or lack of pa
triotiSm" to Senator John F.
Kennedy of Massachusetts,,
his Democratic opponent.
Somehow or other" the
Democratic chairman added,
"Mr. Nixon never finds a
Democrat patriotic. He al
ways raises some question.
He did it with Stevenson, he
did it with Truman and now
he is doing it with Kennedy"
So, the Democratic high
command is going back to its
mudslinging, with Mr.. Nixon
as its target. For years it has
tried to smear Mr.. Nixon on
grounds that he accused Mr..
Truman and the Democrats
as traitors" The truth of
the matter is that Mr.. Nixon,
in his previous campaigns,
never called the former Pres
ident a traitor-nor any
other high placed Democrat.
Nor did he "impute" disloy-
atty to them. Nor is he doing
it to Senator Kennedy today.
In the past Mr.. Nixon did
make it very clear he thought
the Democratic adminiStra-
tion of Mr.. Truman had been
stupid in its handling of the
Communist issue in this
country and a abroad - a
charge that Democrats have
found very difficult to refute.
1t has been far easier to
charge that Mr.. Nixon "im-
puted" or even called them
disloyal. No search Of the
record ever disclosed that Mr..
Nixon called Mr.. Truman or
any other Democrat a traitor.
Indeed, quite the contrary.
On the other hand, a search
of the record easily discloses
that the Democratic admin
istration was stupid.
Criticized by Farley
1t was stupid when it did
not take sufficient precau-
tions to prevent the theft Of
our atomic bomb secrets by
Communist spies. 1t was
stupid in its China policy,
which really aided the Chi
nese Communists in their
struggle to run the Chinese
Nationalist government out
of the Chinese mainland. It
was stupid when it declared
the Republic of Korea out
side the perimeter of our line
OF defense In the Orient.
This last has been interpret
ed as a virtual invitation to
the North Korean Commu-
nists and the Red Chinese to
move against the Republic of
Korea. a free nation.
Today, the Democratic
spokesmen. including both
Senator Kennedy and Sen
ator Jackson, are objecting
to the manner in which Mr..
Nixon replies to the criticisms
leveled by Senator Kennedy
at President Eisenhower and
the Eisenhower administra-
tion in the handling of
American foreign policy.
They don't like the implica-
tions of Mr.. Nixon that by
some Of the criticisms, the
Democratic leaders are taking
Evening star., 1960-10-06

And there will be no
night" here.
1t may be possible to elimi-
nate hours of darkness on
earth, according to predic-
tions of Russian astronomers
presented at a recent meeting
of the All-Soviet Academy
of Sciences, as translated
through the United States
Department of Commerce.
1t is at least theoretically
possible. according to the re-
port. to set up on some space
satellite a solar power sta
ton to generate electric
power to be changed into
light which, in turn. can be
projected against the earth's
surface. Possibility of solar
batteries which will trans
form the entire energy spec
trum of the sun, far beyond
any absorbing effects of the
earth's atmosphere. now has
been ompletely demon
strated, according to the
report.
"Such a solar power sta
tion," continues the report,
may be equipped with a
special light reflector. BY
concentrating the power light
stream with the aid of an
optical system artificial light
ing of individual regions of
our planet during hours of
darkness may be possible.
Greater Predictions
Calculations show that a
protector located on a sat-
elite with a mirror diameter
of several hundred meters,
is sufficient to produce an
illumination of the surface
of the earth equal to that
of the full moon on a cloud
less night. The illumination
may be increased by focusing
the rays from two or more
space projectors upon the
same illuminated area"
The predictions went much
beyond this to supplying
the entire power needs of the
earth from a space power
station. but admittedly there
are great practical difficulties
now in the way.
Says the report: "The
solar batteries placed in the
third Soviet artificial earth
satellite have worked very
we'll. When man will have
learned how to transmit
electric power from space to
earth without wires, similarly
to the manner in which ra-
dio communication is acom-
pliShed at present, the crea-
tive mind of man will devote
its forces to the creation of
space solar electric power
stations supplying the in
habitants of the earth with
electric power in unlimited
Evening star., 1960-10-06
Uninspired by POAU Literature

The Stars article Septem-
Der % about Protestants and
Other Americans United for
Separation Of Church and
State (POAU stated:
"POAU resents any i'm
plication that it is anti
Catholic, and few would
Evening star., 1960-10-06

See EditorieI, ''PoAU Policy"
Evening star., 1960-07-03
Montgomery
Scores High
On Polio Shots
By CHARLES G. BROOKS
Star stan Writer

Nearly all Montgomery
County residents under 40
have been immunized against
polio. a special Health Depart
ment survey shows.
The survey of all children in
public and parochial schools
and their families shows a
total of 87.6 per cent of all
persons under 40 have had at
least two shots of the Salk vac
cine and 94.5 per cent of all
children under 10 have been
immunized.
DR.. William Peoples, county
health officer, said 10000 forms
were given to all school chill
dren, except those in private
schools, and 35,467 were re-
turned. Only one form was re-
turned for each family al
though many families have
! two or more children in school.
Reports on $4,000
Reports were made on about
$4,000 school children, or
about 81 per cent of the coun-
tvs school population. The
survey showed that 433,962
polio vaccine shots have been
administered to the popula-
ton reported on. OF these.
three-fourths were given by
private doctors.
AS a result Of last springs
survey, Health Department doc
tors went to the schools with
hte lowest number of immu-
nized children and set up spe-
cial clinics for the children and
their families. They admins
tered $500 shots during May
and June.
This campaign, Dr.. Peoples
said. would bring the percen-
tages of immunized persons in
the county even higher than
the survey shows.
Accuracy Stressed
He said the survey-first of
its kind in this area-was so
extensive that there is little
doubt that the figures can be
applied with accuracy to the
rest of the county population.
1t covered 100 county schools
and IA parochial schools.
The pre-school age group
was not fully covered by the
survey. However, 96 per cent
of the county's children enter
ing the first grade each year
have been immunized. Doctors
routinely give polio shots to
infants now along with their
baby shots.
Evening star., 1960-07-03
EASY TO REACH

wherever you live Wheaton Plaza is located at the
intersection Of three highways Georgia Avenue
Viers Mill Road and University Boulevard West.
Evening star., 1960-07-03

three former white schools in
Arlington.
In Alexandria, nine Negroes
were admitted to three white
public schools about a week
after integration first began in
the State. Fourteen Negro pu-
pills attended predominantly
white schools in the city this
past term.
New Applications
The new applications in Ar
lington include IA for STRAIT
ford, 4 at Wakefield, 4 at
Woodlawn, 3 at Thomas JEFF
ferson, 2 at Patrick Henry, 8
at WaShington-Lee and l at
Page.
The Alexandria applications
include 2 at jefferson, 3 al
Hammond High, 4 at Ramsey
2 at Ficklin, at Prince Street
and 3 at Minnie Howard.
Fairfax County transfer ap-
plications include 9 for Belve.
dere. l at Groveton High, 2 al
William Cullen Bryan, / al
James Madison, 5 at Flint Hill
5 at Cedar Lane, at Parl
Lane, 2 at Holm Hall, at Sid.
ney Kemper and 3 at Devon.
shire.
Trial of the Fairfax County
desegregation case has beer
scheduled for September 8.
Evening star., 1960-07-03
Arlington Board Rejects
81 Million Freeway Plan

very well. I don't think it has
been so carried today"
Board member Ernest Wilt
supported Mr.. Browns motion
that the thoroughfare plan be
adopted in its entirety. The
motion was defeated when Mr..
Kaul, Leo Urbanske and DR..
Lucas Blevins voted against it.
Mr.. Wilt then joined the lat
ter three members in support
ing Mr.. Kaul's motion to kill
the controversial portions of
the plan before adopting it.
The Southside Freeway would
have followed Walter Reed drive
to Glebe road, then parallelled
Seventeenth street to the North
western section of the Army
Navy Club, where it would have
split into two legs. One would
have sliced through the club to
a Fifteenth street connection
with U. S. Route l and the
new Pentagon City area. The
other would have curved north
ward from the club to Colum-
bia pike and Scott street,
crossed Washington boulevard
to Southgate road north of the
Navy annex.
Street Expansion Due
The plan that emerged from
the board yesterday requires
expansion of numerous streets
into higher-capacity thorough
fares.
1t includes Arlington's part
of the new Route 66, which
would enter the county at the
Constitution avenue Bridge and
follow the Bluemont-F Fairfax
corridor into Fairfax County;
completion of Yorktown boule-
ward between Glebe road ano
the George Washington park
way; completion of George
Mason drive, Bluemont drive
which would enter the county
south of Kenore Junior High
School and join Route 66 al
Fairfax drive; and an ap-
proach to the proposed Arizona
avenue Bridge.
Evening star., 1960-07-03
Arlington
To Pay More
To Hospitals

Washington hospitals yester-
day decided to accept Arlington
welfare patients after the
county agreed to increase pay
ments for them.
The Washington Hospital
Center, George Washington
University Hospital, Freedmen's
and Children's hospitals had
announced on Friday they nc
longer would treat INDECENT
cases fom Arlington.
The county had offered to
pay them only $3.50 a day per
patient.
The hospitals estimate each
day costs $31. They said they
lost about $4,000 last year in
caring for Arlington welfare
patients.
Confronted with the hospi-
tails position, the county board,
upon recommendation of Coun-
ty Manager A. T. Lundberg,
unanimously voted to raise its
payments to $23.50 a day.
William Bucher, executive
director of the Hospital Council
for the National Capital Area,
said this would be acceptable
"for the next six months" He
added that at the end of this
period the hospitals will nego-
tiate with Arlington in an ef-
fort to obtain a still higher
rate.
Board member Leo Urbanske
said he thought the payments
should be higher.
Washington hospitals have
notified Alexandria and Prince
William County also that theil
patients will not be accepted
Both have offered to reimburse
the hospitals at the rate oi
$3.50 a day.
Montgomery County pays the
hospitals $26, the District pays
SIS, Fairfax County and Falls
Church $3.50. The latter two
Jurisdictions will raise their
payments on January l to $26
Evening star., 1960-07-03
OUTRK OF LAW
Arlington Gets Buy
n Museum Purchase

Board consulted Attorney Cen
eral Albertis Harrison, he ruled
that the proceeds from any sale
of school property must revert
to general county funds.
The School Board then Of
fered to sell Hume School to
the county for $17,500.
The County Board yesterday
accepted the offer with delight.
1t thus will pay $17,500, acquire
the school and then get its
$17,500 back.
The school will be decided to
the society whose members will
fill it with relics and maintain
it as a museum depicting the
history of Arlington.
Evening star., 1960-07-03
Virginia Relief Roll
Lowest Since 1899

RICHMOND, July 2 (AP).-
The State Welfare Department
said yesterday the number OF
elderly Virginians on public
assistance rolls is the lowest
since July, 1888 few months
after the program began.
A total of 14,570 persons was
on the rolls at the end of May
lot less than the previous
month and 676 less than the
number at the end of May, 1859
Evening star., 1960-07-03

ing that engineers in draft
ing the plan ignored rapid
transit possibilities offered by
existing railroads.
Negro citizens said that il
the freeway demolished their
present homes, there would be
no place in the county where
they could buy new ones.
Strong objections also we're
raised against a projected ex-
pressway which would cut
through most of the Four Mile
Run stream valley which has
been considered forSuse as park
land.
The board eliminated the
expresSway and specified that
only a thoroughfare consonant
with park and recreational
purposes can be built in the
valley.
1t also prohibited conversion
of South Hayes street into a
major thoroughfare.
Board Chairman Herbert
Brown vigorously fought the
deletion which left the highway
plan not appreciably different
from the initially suggested in
1941.
II don't think that because
items are controversial, there
is basis for deleting them" he
said.
II am particularly affected
by the argument of the NaucB
citizens that we are uprooting
Sc families. But this board has
the clear responsibility of legis-
lating for $4,000 families"
Fears Wide Distress
Conceding that the South.
side freeway, together with
most of the other thorough
fares proposed. would not bt
built for many years, Mr.. Kau
said:
1T may be just a line on 6
plan, but it is a line which car
disrupt the lives of a grea'
many people. When you art
disrupting the lives of people
the burden of proving that i
should be done must be carried
Evening star., 1960-07-03
BY JOHN BARRON
Star stan Writer


The Arlington County Board
yesterday decisively quashed
plans for 81 million freeway
which would have consumed q
third of the Army-Navy Coun-
try Club and destroyed 56
Negro homes.
In doing do, it kicked a
principal underpinning out
from under the county's pro-
posed $37 million major
thoroughfare program which
engineers spent four years
developing.
Subjected to a barrage of
citizen protests, the board also
struck other disputed sections
from the highway plan before
adopting it.
That part of the long-range
program approved now consti-
tutes official notice to residents
and developers that the county
eventually intends to buy or
condemn land along the cor
ridor specified for highway
construction.
"A stream Of speakers assailed
the thoroughfare program,
particularly the recommended
Southside freeway which was
purged in the final Al vote.
Defends Plan
County Highway Director
Clifton Stoneburner repeatedly
defended the freeway as most
essential to the transportation
plan for Arlington and the
Metropolitan area"
He declared "it will not be
possible to serve the needs oi
the community without a major
new traffic artery" in the
southern part of the county.
The route conceived for the
freeway is the only economi.
cally feasible one, he argued.
However, board m e m b e
Ralph Kaul. planning commits.
sion members John Coyle anc
Lutrelle Parker and County
Board candidate Tom Richards
disputed this contention, charg'
Evening star., 1960-07-03
QUIRK OF LAW

A quirk Of the law has pro-
vided a simple way to establish
a historical museum in Arling-
ton.
Earlier this year the Arling-
ton Historical Society, with the
support Of numerous civic Or
ganizations, asked the County
Board to acquire and give to it
the old Hume School for use
as a historical center.
The board agreed, but wasn't
certain how it could obtain the
property on Arlington Ridge
road from the School Board. 1t
suggested it might trade some
county property in return for
the school.
However, when the School
Evening star., 1960-07-03
Dr.. Lyle Installed

DENVER. July 2 (AP).-Dr
Dorothy S. Lyle of Silver
Spring. Md, yesterday became
president of the American
Home Economics Association at
the closing session of its
convention.
Evening star., 1960-07-03
Is Negroes Ask Entry
In Virginia Schools

Seventy-sx students have applied for transfer to
predomnanty white all white schools in nearby Virginia
next September.
applications include 80 in Fairfax County which so
public ntegraton 81 in Arlington and IS in
Alexandria Limited ntegration began in the latter two
Evening star., 1960-07-03

communities in February, 1853
otto L. Tucker, who is
among counsel representing
the Negro students, said their
applications were forwarded to
school officials in the three
Jurisdictions.
James Simmonds, attorney
for the Arlington and Fairfax
school boards, said Judge Al
bert v. Bryan of Alexandria
Federal Court has required the
boards to approve or deny the
applications. The Alexandria
school board is under similar
requirements.
Some of the applicants had
sought admission to white
schools previously in Arlington
and Alexandria, and were
turned down. They appealed
their reflections in court, and
the localities have been in
structed to review them.
Some of the applicants in
Fairfax are involved in a de-
segregation suit brought
against that county last year
and are renewing their appli-
cations for the coming school,
year.
Hearing July 21
Judge Bryan had given pupils
until last Friday to file transfer
applications in Arlington anc
Alexandria. A hearing will be
held July 81 if any of the ap-
plicants in those two jurisdic-
tions are rejected, and choose
to appeal the action.
Both Alexandria and Airing
ton already are forbidden by
court order to make assign
ments based on race. Each
locality has set up assignment
procedures and criteria fol
handling transfer applications
Four Negro pupils entered
the formerly all-white STRAIT.
ford Junior High School ir
Arlington in February, 1859
when integration first came tt
Virginia. This past year 2;
Negroes have been attending