davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-04-29
A Few PoroHe!s

For the time being, at least, quiet
of sort has settled over Korea.
The student rioters in Seoul, who
looted and burned his home, and who
wanted to kill the man, no longer search
for Vice President Lee Ki-poong. He is
dead, in a suicide pact which also
claimed the lives of his wife and two
sons. Syngman Rhee has moved out of
the presidential mansion and into the
modest villa where he and Mrs. Rhee
lived years ago. An independent" po-
litiCal leader has taken over on an
interim basis, pending elections, and the
world will have to wait and see what the
future holds for Korea.
Meanwhile, repercuSSionS of the
Korean riots have been heard in Turkey.
And, as the Associated Press reports,
there are a number of parallels.
The riots in IStanbul and Ankara
were launched, as in Korea, by students.
They were aimed at Premier MendereS,
who is as much of a dictator as was
Syngman Rhee, and who is at least as
intolerant of opposition. The economies
of both countries have been propped up
with United States dollars, and both are
counted as baStionS in our defensive
alliance against communism.
If there are parallels, however,
there are also differences. Syngman
Rhee temporized for a month with the
student rioters, and when he finally
cracked down it was case of too little
and too late. On the crucial day, Korean
troops patrolled the streets of Seoul
under threat of court martial if they
killed or wounded a demonstrator. In
Turkey the police cracked down prompt
ly and hard on the rioters. And they
were backed up by tough combat troops
whose orders, evidently, did not require
them to hold their fire
There is still another and perhaps
more important difference. Our State
Department publicly intervened in
Korea and, in our opinion, this inter-
vention was the straw which broke the
back of the Rhee regime. But no word
of rebuke to Mr.. MendereS has come
from Secretary Herter or any of his
associates. Why is this? In Turkey, there
is essentially the same dictatorship, the
United States has substantially the same
interest, the Turkish political oppoSi-
ton is being just as ruthleSSly sup
pressed, and the blood of student rioters
has been shed in Ankara and Istanbul.
But no word of criticism has been ut
tered here. How does the State Depart
ment explain this inconsistency? It
doeSn't-and we doubt that it will even
try to explain it,
Evening star., 1960-04-29
To Protect the Public

The latest move in the Senate to
modify the So-called Mallory rule is long
overdue. For Congress has procrasti-
mated in closing the legal loopholes
through which such vicious criminals as
Andrew Mallory have been freed to COM
nit more crimes Local police were not
surprised to learn that Mallory, whose
conviction for rape was reversed by the
Supreme Court on a technicality, had
been indicted for rape again-this time
in Philadelphia.
Now Senators Byrd of Virginia,
Erwin of North Carolina, Mcclellan of
Arkansas and Johnston of South Caro-
lima have introduced a bill that would
permit use in Federal courts of "volun-
tary" confessions, such as the one which
Mallory made but which was thrown out
because the police held him for 712
hours before arraigning him. In 1858
another Mallory bill, which would have
allowed a reasonable" delay between
arrest and arraignment, passed both
houses of Congress but was lost in the
laSt-minute rush of legislation. 1t should
not take more unpuniShed crimes to in
duce Congress to pass legislation which
will protect the public against the Mai
loryS and other criminals who roam at
large.
Evening star., 1960-04-29
Calculated Risk

1t is not surprising that the Federal
Aviation Agency has refused the request
OF the Citizens Council for a Clean Po-
tomac that the opening of the new air.
port at Chantilly be deferred until an
adequate sewage disposal system has
been Installed. The need for early COM
pletion of the Dulles Airport is evident
from the growing air-traff1c congestion
at the Washington National Airport.
Thus, a matter of public safety is in
volved in expediting completion of the
terminal-juSt as public safety also is
involved in keeping our water supply
free from any threat of sewage con-
tamination.
The Government apparently has
decided to take the calculated risk of
building a temporary treatment plant
to serve the airport until safe, perma-
nent system is available. The only safe
system, of course, is to conduct the sew
age to a treatment plant like that at
Blue Plains, below the intake for Wash
tngton's water supply. 1t will take several
years to plan and build such a system.
Meanwhile, the calculated risk" of
Evening star., 1960-04-29
Mr.. Nixon Coasts AFono

Attempting to measure Vice PreSi-
dent NiXon'S vote-getting strength on
the basis of this years primary results
is difficult for two reasons. One is that
he is unoppoSed, officially at least, in the
Republican presidential preference con-
tests. The other is that he has not been
campaigning, at least through personal
appearances.
Even so, Nixon supporters have
reason to be encouraged by the Vice
Presidents showing in several tests since
the Wisconsin vote on April S. Two Of
them came this week, in Pennsylvania
and Massachusetts,. In the Keystone
State, for example, an incomplete count
showed MIR. Nixon only slightly behind
the record $4,000 votes rolled up by
President Eisenhower in 1856. Ap-
parently the Vice President will pass this
figure when the returns are final and
official. Furthermore, a relatively in
consequential write-in vote of about
1000 for Governor Rockefeller of New
York, who has announced that he is not
a candidate, provides little or no ammu-
milton for a draft Rockefeller" move
ment. On the same day, Massachusetts
offered a similar clue to Nixon versus
Rockefeller sentiment when the Vice
President outdrew the New York Gov
ernor by nearly 12-to-1 margin in
total Write-in vote of about 10000.
These samplingS do not necessarily
provide a reliable guide to Republican
versus Democratic voting in November
For various reasons, including the lively
fight for the Democratic nomination,
that party has Jared we'll in most of the
primary totals. In Pennsylvania, where
there were no names on the Democratic
presidential ballot, Senator Kennedy of
Massachusetts, picked up an impressive
write-in vote of more than 1T 7,000-far
ahead of Second-place Adlai Stevenson
at $4,000. Although the Keystone State
Democratic leadership has shown no
enthusiasm for Mr.. Kennedy, this write
in support may improve his chances for
convention support. At the same time,
Bay State Democrats also Endorsed Mr..
Kennedy, but his total of $4,000 write
in votes was considered light for a
favorite son.
The Massachusetts, Senator will face
his next big primary test in West Vir-
ginia on May 10. By contrast, it looks
now as if Mr.. Nixon will face no mean
ingful challenge until next November.
Evening star., 1960-04-29

much effort has been made.
Perhaps he finally has wan
dered into someone's home, or
perhaps someone has seen
him. I can reach people only
through a paper that is read
by everyone.
Tiger is an orange tabby
with golden brown eyes. He
was last in the Alexandria
area and last seen in Del
Ray.
Please, l beg of you, won't
you print his picture so that
perhaps someone somewhere
will see it and I can have
him home? He is also not a
very well cat and must have
pills each day due to kid
ney ailment. Please, please
help me.
Bette J. Michsels.
Telephone: King 8-9173)
Evening star., 1960-04-29
Social Security Test

In your issue of April "a,
there was a letter by w. F.
Smith criticizing the re-
tirement test under the Old
Age and Survivors Insurance
program, namely, the limita-
ton on earnings from en-
ployment, which, in essence,
amounts to $10O per month.
Mr. Smith criticizeS this
limit on the ground that it
has not increased as much as
the cost of living, which, in
general, has gone up about
100 per cent in the last Is
years, though a number Of
items 1T he quotes have
gone IL 300 per cent.
In actuality, based on the
argument advanced by Mr..
Smith, the retirement test
has been revised sufficiently.
Evening star., 1960-04-29
Roof Top Decor

The proposed amendment
to the zoning regulation re-
quiring enclosures. identical
to the front facing of the
building, to be placed around
exhaust fans, air-conditioning
equipment, etc, on top of
buildings, is one which is
causing considerable alarm
to many downtown mer-
chants, especially among the
reStaurateurs and the small
operators which comprise the
m a ajority of restaurant
owners.
The burden of carrying out
this amendment will fall
upon the restaurateur-not
upon the landlord. He will
have to spend between $400
and $500 to inclose an ex-
hauSt fan and duct work on
the roof which may have
cost between $3.50 and 5000.
This is lot of money for a
small restaurant owner to
have to spend on a nom
productive project when he
could put this amount to
much better use in acquiring
more modern kitchen equip
ment to more efficiently serve
clean, wholesome food to our
natives and guests.
This is also an additional
penalty on the downtown
restaurant owner at a time
when much energy and
money are being spent to re-
vitalize and bring more busi-
ness into the area-which
these rooftop enclosures GER
tainly will not do. They will
have no effect upon the safety
or health of the public. Fur
ther, this ruling does not
apply to all buildings-it
excludes Government struc-
lures.
Statistics show that very
few new businesses are OPEN
ing in the downtown area. We
cannot see what contribution
will be made to the economic
and social welfare of the
people if a building has a
pretty rooftop and the in
side is empty and dark be-
cause another man is out of
business in downtown Wash
ington.
Statistics show that subur-
ban businesses are increasing
at a much faster rate than
those in urban areas. At a
time when downtown business
needs encouragement and a
"shot in the arm," let us
spend our time and money to
help the small businessman
get ahead. Let's not misguide
our efforts and wind up with
a depopulated Utopia!
Ray S. Walters,
President, Washington Res
taurant Association.
Evening star., 1960-04-29
nyone Seen Tiger Most Unusual Cat;

On April 13 my beloved
and most unusual cat,
Tiger, walked away from
home. He was an altered
male, therefore was not in
search of another cat. Since
the day he left, both my
husband and I have left no
stone unturned.
There have been daily ads
in four newspapers, his dis
appearance was announced
on radio, a request for an
announcement on a TV sta
ton, house toulouse can
vass for miles, even the police
have a complete report and
are helping to find him. Each
night we search a certain
area del Ray where we
think we saw him. Sometimes
we wait for seven hours hop
ing to see him. The kind peo-
pie there help also.
Evening star., 1960-04-29
COLUMBIA HEIGHTS.

COLUMBIA HEIGHTS.
Dear Sir:
1T has been a long time
since we wrote you, though
we have read you faithfully,
not a difficult thing to do.
I'VE have nothing but
sparrows and starlings and
pigeons in our yard, and
would like to know if you
can tell anything to attract
the other birds.
"Once we had a robin on
our lawn, but he flew away.
Now and then we see a
redbird, but not often.
Mostly we have the SPAR
rows, starlings and pigeons.
We feed them grain and
bread, and now and then
raisins, but the songbirds
never come.
Perhaps there is some
thing we can do to attract
them.
I'VE would like a catbird,
a downy woodpecker, and a
grackle.
What lure is there for
these?
Yours, M. ]. P"
y
It's been a long time
since this column has re-
ceived a letter with the let
terhead of "Colum b j a
Heights "
At one time. this was one
of Washington's suburban
communities
Temp Jones, as a young
fellow. lived there, for one.
He was about 9 years old.
He lived on Euclid street,
just west of Fourteenth street,
down and up which ran the
green streetcars.
Between the house and
Fourteenth street there was
nothing but a large vacant
lot, of which the city had so
many in the old days.
There was a high board
fence, with posters, along the
Fourteenth street side.
y y
Young Jones lived in an
English type home on the
south side of Euclid. Across
the street we're other de-
tatched homes. one occupied
by a famous iurist, another
by a lesser legal light, an
other by an executive of the
Smithsonian.
Children had large yards
to play in. and never thought
Of the street.
1t was a happy day, when
homeowners could leave their
doors unlocked without
thought of harm.
X =
AS for birds, young Temp
Jones had no interest in
them except the sparrows.
He loved to throw stones
at them.
This news will come as a
small shock to thousands of
Jones friends. This humani-
tartan, throwing stones at
sparroWs!
In extenuation, 1t may be
Evening star., 1960-04-29
De GouHe's Destiny
Disguised.

Much as Latin America
would like to have at least a
collective observer at the
coming summit meeting, this
seems to be out of the ques-
tion for the moment.
Nevertheless, there is a
deep-Seated consensus, not
written in any agreement.
that the weakest" of the
Big Four will tacitly be car
rying its representation.
Not only Latin America,
but indeed Western civiliza-
ton seems to have deposited
upon Charles de Gaulle a su-
preme vote of trust and conf
dence: that of being it's moral
representative.
I think De Gaulle senses
this duty and has taken his
responsibility in earnest to
the peace of mind of all those
who have no direct advocate
at the summit. In other
words, he feels, and rightly
so, that he is the strongest
of his colleagues, morally, in
spite of the fact of knowing
that he is the weakest mill
tarily and economically.
He deserves and has earned
this trust because he has en-
bodied in the course of his
massive and undertaking pub
lie life the virtues of Western
man, becoming a living SYM
Dol of its principles.
1t is fortunate for Chris
tendon that such a man will
make his voice heard in the
councils that shape the des-
tiny of nations.
L. AragOn EsCalOna.
Evening star., 1960-04-29
Conservatives Aim

Constantine Browns analy-
sis of the conservatives dilem-
ma was a rare masterpiece
in perceptive newspaper writ
ing. He scarcely deserves the
"knucklehead" label applied
to him in T. Jefferson's
knucklehead letter.
Ignorance of the principles
of conservatism is widespread
and dangerous.
Conservatism appeals
neither to the intellectual,
who seeks a utopian society
through government initia-
tive, nor to the ignorant,
who does not understand it.
The popular image of con-
SerVatiSm is that of back
wardneSS or negativism.
Garry Wills, in the National
Review February 27, 1960)
describes conservatism as "a
compleXus of thought. in
Stincts and values, meant to
guard, and guard against,
man" He further writes THE
conservative does not bring
to the world a perfect society
or a perfect man; he tries to
keep men free, open to reality
on many levels, aware of di-
verSity and mystery"
Conservatism seeks to pre-
serve the economic and the
political freedom of the in
divldual and his State and
local governments. Conserv-
atism seeks to minimize
centralization of economic
and political power.
The more that economic
and political power are CEN
tralized in Federal Govern
ment, the less control the
people have over them. This
can be proven with simple
arit t h m e tic. Furthermore,
greater Capitalization of Gov
ernment power enables $3.50
per cent of the people to ex-
erclSe greater dominance over
the other 40-49 per cent. Con-
servatives believe in freedom
of the people of various
States to differ in economic
and political policy. Thus,
the concern of conservatives
for States rights" and limi-
tation of Federal Government
to activities for which only
it can be responsible is
founded in respect for in
dividual freedom.
The choice for Americans
and the rest of the world is
either a conservatism" that
puts freedom first in the
pursuit of economic and po-
litical progress or a liberal
ism" that resorts to CEN
trallzation and regimenta-
tion in its impatient pursuit
OF an egalitarian, utopian
society. ID. r. Morey.
Evening star., 1960-04-29

a temporary plant at Chantilly SEEM
ingly will have to be endured. The risk
involves not only the imparting of an
unpleasant taste and odor to our drink
ing water but the serious hazard of a
breakdown that would pour raw sewage
into WashingtonS water supply. If the
worst happens, the blame will fall on
all who failed to foreSee the danger or
who, when they realized it, delayed so
long in taking proper measures to
meet it.
Evening star., 1960-04-29
Our Korean Policy

The Star has reason to be
perplexed at the vigor of the
State Departments recent
criticism of the South Korean
government.
The question, however, is
not whether South Korea is a
dictatorship in the accepted
sense of the word. Persons
familiar with the Korean sit
uation have long recognized
South Korea as essentially a
police state, containing only
minor deviations such as a
carefully controlled oppoSi-
ton press.
The question is, rather,
what is the United States
attempting to accomplish in
South Korea at this late
date? The United States, by
virtue of its massive military
and economic support of
South Korea, has always had
the capability to insist that
South Korea meet certain
minimum standards for de-
mocracy. But we contented
ourselves with timid rebukes
when President Rhee arrest
ed scores of National Assem-
blymen to secure his re-elec-
ton in 1852; when his hood
lums administered such a
beating to the late DR..
Chough Byong Ok as to force
him into temporary retire.
ment from politics; and when
the South Korean army was
marched to the polls "by the
numbers" to re-elect Rhee in
1856.
In view of our past rela-
tions with President Rhee,
our present posture of self
righteousness seems a bit out
OF place. 1t would indeed be
lronlc it, after years of timid,
ity in dealing with Rhee. we
have now abetted a chain
OF events which could lead to
eventual Communist domina-
ton of all Korea.
Disguised.
Evening star., 1960-04-29

When the law was amended
in 1889. just before the first
monthly benefits became
available, the monthly limit
was $14.99. Thus, the present
limit is more than six times
as large as the original one.
I might further point out
another factual error in Mr..
Smiths letter, namely, where
he states that the maximum
benefit for a husband and
wife is $3.50. Actually, at the
present time, the maximum
is $3.50, and eventually it
will be $189.
Robert j. Myers,
Chief Actuary.
Evening star., 1960-04-29

JnaJ SupernOVa cores turn
into stars of similar masses
to the sun but with very much
higher densities than the
white dwarfs. Once the con-
traction of the stellar core
has reached densities of
about 10 billion grams per
cubic centimeter the elec-
irons contained in the ma
terial will have built up to
such enormous pressures that
the more common elements
like iron are first transformed
into heavy and very neutron
rich material and finally the
nuclei of the atoms dissolve
into free neutronS.
If the temperatures are
also enormously high. then
a somewhat more compli-
Gated chain of reactions takes
place-but energy would be
lost from such a hot star
very rapidly and fairly soon
it would cool down to low
enough temperature so that
most of the matter would be
in the form of neutrons.
During this cooling process
the density would have gone
up until densities of about
1,00O,000.00O,0 100000 grams
per cubic centimeter."
Such stars, if they exist,
would be very faint, DR.. Sal
peter pointed out.
Temperature Estimated
"Once the temperature in
the interior of such a star
decreases from about 1000
times that of the sun to
about Tooth that of the SUM-"
he reported, "the central
temperature would be COM
parable to that of a white
dwarf. But even at this
comparatively low value the
surface temperature would be
high compared with that of
ordinary stars because all
the radiation from the in
terror has to come through
a very small surface area"
According to his calcula-
tions the temperature might
be about 100000 degrees
Centigrade. Most of the radi-
alton, however, would not be
in the form of visible light
but in the range of soft
X-rayS. Such a star, he
pointed out, would be in
visible under the earth's at
moSphere.
1T is conceivable, how
ever, that this X-ray radia-
ton might be observable dir
ectly from just outside the
atmosphere or the X-rays
might excite tenuous gas
around such a star suffl-
GENTLY for it to radiate
visible or ultraviolet light.
If this radiation were the
only form of energy loss from
the neutron star the cooling
process would last many mil
lions of years. The actual
value of the rate of energy
loss has not been calculated
but it may be sufficiently
large in the beginning so
that cooling would take
place in a few days. The rate
of cooling would subsequent
ly slow down so that the star
might remain observable for
at least a few years."
Evening star., 1960-04-29
Answers to Questions
By THE HASKINS SERVICE

@. Which King of England
was last to follow the custom
OF washing the feet of poor
men on Maundy Thursday
in imitation of Christ's wash
ing the feet of His disciples?
M. H.
A. James II, near the end
of the 18th century. In the
Middle Ages, the King of
England was required to
wash the feet of as many
poor men as he was old.
This ceremonial rite was
widely practiced in other
countries of Europe on
Maundy Thursday.
Evening star., 1960-04-29
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES E. TRACEWELL

recalled that young Jones
never hit any. And probably
would have been very sorry
if he had.
Birds normally play very
little part in a city boys life.
1t is the country boy who
"goes in" for birdlife on a
large scale.
One famous jazz musician
and composer said that the
blue jays taught him all he
knew about music.
&%&
Our correspondent would
like a catbird, a downy wood
pecker and a grackle." In
deed!
You can't order bird spe-
cies this way, of course.
If the more numerous spe-
cies, such as common SPAR
rows and starlings, have
taken over your yard, you
will have to discontinue feed
ing, for one or two years,
then begin again.
Even then, you just can't
pick and choose, but must
take the birds as they come.
Bread attracts starlings, so
this food must be the first
to go.
Corn and other grains at
tract pigeons, so mixtures of
seeds with too much chicken
feed in them must be given
up.
If a we'll composed and Sc
lected "Wildbird seed" is used,
this will tend to attract the
better birds, as they are
sometimes called, although to
the others the term must
seem slander.
Begin the renewed feeding
program with seedless raisins.
in the hope that these may
attract a mockingbird. But
never expect that any Ger
tain kind of bird must appear
just because you put out a
food.
1t isn't done that way, and
it is good that it isn't, he
cause one of the finest things
bird feeding and watching
teaches us is that all of the
children of nature are dear
to nature, and should be to
us. 1t is the violation of this
rule that is causing trouble
all over the world.
Evening star., 1960-04-29

1t is our belief that he has
been terribly frightened and
is evading people. 1t is so
hard to say just what it is.
Whatever the reason for his
departure and failure to re-
turn, my heart is breaking. I
loved him so and miss him.
1t is impossible for me to
give UP now. even though