davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-11-01
Trans Blessed Event

All friends Of Iran will rejoice with
the Shah and his Queen in the birth of
their son. Wholly apart from what it
means in ordinary family terms, this is
blessed event of singular Importance.
For the people of the ancient Persian
kingdom-founded by Cyrus the Great
rs centuries ago-have been worrying
for years past over the lack Of an heir
to the Peacock Throne, and the worry
has had bearing on the country's polit-
ical stability.
In response to this anxiety, and in
accord with his Moslem faith, under
which only a male can succeed to the
throne, the Shah has gone through
the personally diStasteful and poignant
process of divorcing two wives because of
their failure to bear him son. But now
his third Queen has given him Crown
Prince-a fine, husky boy e pounds
and 13 ounces) whose arrival is being
resoundingly hailed in Iran as a bright
portent OF better times to come.
The future, of course, is by its very
nature completely uncertain, and so one
can only hope that such optimism is
Justified and that Trans prospective next
ruler will grow in wisdom and strength
In the years now stretching before him.
In a world Of rapid change, best wishes
to him. May his reign be at least as
distinguished as his fathers on the side
of freedom.
Evening star., 1960-11-01
Reformation Sunday

This Reformation Sunday, marking
the 443rd anniversary Of the birth of
Professionalism, had been expected to
bring massive attack from Protestant
pulpits on Senator Kennedy, on the
Catholic Church, or on both. There were,
Of course, many such sermons. But some
Protestant churchmen also took occa-
sion to speak out against bigotry. On
balance, it cannot be said that any
great success attended the effort this
past Sunday to stir up religious fears
and religious prejudice.
For most Protestants, this matter
comes down to question of whether one
believes or does not believe in the as
surances that Senator Kennedy has
given. He has said repeatedly that he
subScribes to the principle of separation
Of church and state, and that, If elected,
he would not permit his religious faith
to interfere with the discharge Of his
official duties. Those who continue to
question his fitness on religious grounds
obviously do not accept these assurances.
It has been our view that Senator Ken
nedy, in expressing these sentiments,
has been entirely sincere, and that he
will remain faithful to them if elected.
Perhaps the failure of a great protest
to emerge on Reformation Sunday indi-
Gates that most Americans also accept
at face value the statements he has
made in this matter
Evening star., 1960-11-01
Proud of America

Defense Secretary Gates made
speech in Miami last week which touches
significantly on the prestige" debate
at least to the extent that the status of
our military power is included in this
seldom defined term.
It may be said, of course, that Sec
retary Gates is a Republican partisan.
But we think he is something more than
a partisan, and so does Representative
Mahon Of Texas, Democrat, who knows
a great deal about our military stature.
While plotting the defense appropriation
bill through the House last May, Mr..
Mahon spoke highly of Secretary Gates.
He said he wanted to compliment him
very warmly" for improving the opera
ton OF the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and
ne added: II have great respect and ad-
miration for the Secretary"
In Miami, Mr.. Gates said American
military strength "is the greatest in our
history and the greatest the world has
ever known" And he added this: "Our
strength today is deterring the Soviet.
For eight years 1t has deferred them.
1t can deter them In the future and it
will-if we back our physical strength
with moral strength and resolution un-
dismayed by vague and unfounded
doubts. I would resign my position this
moment If had any reason to believe
that our national policies were building
a Second-rate defense"
Mr.. Gates did not mention Senator
Kennedy by name, and we realize that
the Democratic candidate has not said
that our military power, as of now, is
inferior to that of Russia. There has
been an implication in some of his re-
marks on prestige, however, that we are
headed for military inferiority, and
some of his supporters have gone even
further.
1t is on this point that Secretary
Gates diSSents. He says that we can
and will-insure our military progress
and make certain that we maintain the
proper level Of effort. The capacity of
the United States, he says, is infinite,
and II think 1t is time we took some
pride in our accomplishments" We think
so, too.
Evening star., 1960-11-01
Mail Critic

In the book review of Post
master G ne raj Summer
fields story of the United
States Postal Service, the
statement is made that Mail
is being moved more quickly
and efficiently" More quick
ly and efficiently than what,
potatoes?
Efforts in this direction
may be proceeding but they
are certainly not in effect
and the fact is to the exact
contrary. First-class mail
within Washington may re-
quire two days for delivery
and I have experienced a
three-day delivery for a >spe-
cial handling. In the New
York City area, where special
deliveries once required two
to three hours a delivery the
next day will be fortunate. An
insured parcel from Wash
ington to New York was de-
layed in delivery for more
than two weeks. Yet postal
rates go up and up.
If this is Mr.. Summerfield's
idea of progress, we are being
treated to the usual bureau
cratic thinking.
H. Randolph
Evening star., 1960-11-01
The Road Back

Inc experience Of the past year once
again has proved the wisdom of the de-
clSion by the late Commissioner Karrick
In 1888 to accelerate the Municipal
Courts alcoholic rehabilitation program.
In terms Of money, the program last wear
saved the city an estimated $285, 900 in
jail costs. Far more gratifying, however,
is the claim Of rehabilitation officials
that 1925 District alcoholics during the
last year have been helped to conquer
compuls1ve drunkenness, and now are on
tne road back to self respect and useful
ness TO themselves and their families.
These are the successful graduates
SO to speak, among some 3,076 alcoholics
who were granted probation by the
courts on condition that they participate
actively in the rehabilitation program,
which Is conducted largely by Alcoholics
Anonymous. These 3,076, in turn, were
carefully screened from more than TO-
OOO heavy drinkers who turned up in
drunk court. The major requisite for
participation is evidence of a desire to
be helped, for the program more than
anything else is based on the theory
that unless this desire exists, there is
little that can be done. Last November,
the program was extended on an ex-
perimental basis to inmates of the drunk
wards at Occoquan. Roughly one third
of the applications for probation were
granted, and here, as in the regular
court-Screening process, approximately
so per cent of the participants appear
to be conquering their disease.
Court officials justifably are proud
of this beginning. We wonder, however,
If the Commissioners should not now
consider an eXpansion>of the program in
new directions. Currently, the rehabili-
tation effort reaches only fraction of
the true alcoholics who show up in court.
And an additional 10000 persons ar
rested for drunkenness last year, who
forfeited $40 collateral, never reached
court at all. Surely there are many
alcoholics among these groups who can
be salvaged, and the stakes in terms of
human value are high enough to make
the effort to reach them.
Evening star., 1960-11-01
THE PASSING SCENE
Nixon Needs SIom-Bunq Finish
By RALPH McGILL

From a source close to Re-
publican headquarters comes
this summary Of q. o. P.
hopes and fears:
I'VE are worried and ad-
NIT 1t. This may be the usual
late-day filters. But 1t is too
well known to deny that
some Of our biggest names in
the party, including some
State leaders. have told the
Vice President they are
afraid he is either falling be-
hind or standing still. They
have not said he can't win.
They believe he can. But
they have told him he can
win only If he stages a slam
bang finish. This Is why the
President has been called
upon to make a greater and
more vigorous contribution.
Senator Kennedy's coup
d'etat in obtaining and re-
leasing for publication one
Of the Governments own re-
ports about loss Of national
prestige, which the President
had refused to reveal was q
blow which we can't now
measure. But we don't kid
ourselves. It was q hard
smash. It came just at q time
when we seemed to be re-
gaining a bit Of ground. One
never knows about these
things. But this did confirm
Kennedy and deny the Vice
President. It also embarrasses
the President"
The Republicans have their
own estimate Of the prob
able vote. It does not reflect
great optimism. The party's
own private polls reveal the
following guesses:
The popular vote will be
close.
Nixon Leads in Midwest
The South will show Mr..
Nixon gaining South Caro-
lima in addition to the States
carried by Mr.. Eisenhower.
(These were Texas, Florida.
Virginia and Tennessee.) The
hopeful G. o. P. Dixie sur
vey estimates an even break
for Mr.. Nixon in the South.
The G. o. P. polls have Mr..
Nixon ahead by 81 to 40 in
the Midwest. It should be un-
derstood that these polls are
private and that they should
indicate so close a race in the
corn and wheat States is sig
nificant. The same polls show
Senator Kennedy leading in
the East by 81 to 20. The
word East" Is ambiguous. It
is not known whether the
g. o. P. includes the big in
dustrial States Of Ohio, New
Jersey and Pennsylvania in
this poll Of the East.
The G. o. P. headquarters
people also admit, in private,
Evening star., 1960-11-01
Transit Terminal

Much has been written
about the benefit that has
come to business establish
ments in Silver Spring due
to the change in the loca-
ton Of the transit terminal.
If the businessmen were
SO instrumental in accom-
plishing the change, why
didn't they give some con-
sideration to the patrons Of
the buses? Are they trying
to drive every one to using
autos in order that profit may
be made from the meters?
How many Of the busi-
nessmen ride the buses?
Why wasn't q shelter pro-
vided for the patrons and the
drivers (who now use serv-
ice station rest rooms) before
the move was made? Who
has to stand in the inclem-
ent weather and wait for
buses? Rain or shine, heat
or cold. who has to walk
approximately two or more
blocks in order to transfer
from q Maryland bus to a
District bus? The least the
transit company can do, in
inclement weather, Is to sta
ton a bus on either side Of
the Armory in order that the
patrons may wait In them.
Try to manage a zone card. a
transfer, and some change
all at once. Where can one
get a newspaper, q loaf of
bread. or a cup Of coffee be-
tween transfers?
Some Of the buses have to
cross both lanes Of busy
Georgia avenue and then
later make a left turn into
all the traffic again to get
on the regular routes. Isn't
Georgia avenue traffic tied up
enough?
The answer to these ques-
tions Is up to the business
men and Mr.. Chalk. Ger
tainly the service indicated
above does not warrant an
increase in the first zone
rates nor any other rates.
Instead, when will better
service be available for the
drivers and the ones who
ride the buses and pay and
pay?
Evening star., 1960-11-01

they do not understand what
happened to their candidate
as a personality. The first de-
bate was q shocker. But In
following appearances he has
not measured up to the pre-
campaign concept Of him as
q vital, dominating, COM
pelling leader. None Of the
G. o. P. people have an ex-
PLANTATION. They are puzzled
and disturbed. Even those
who think they will win are
unhappy about the image Of
the Vice President as a can
didate. They think he will
lack the prestige to work with
the Democratic congressional
majority.
The G. o. p. poll includes,
of course, the religious issue.
It is interesting, and aston
ishing, that the Republicans
do not consider this to be the
great G. o. P. advantage
which many Democrats be-
lieve it to be.
Catholic Vote to Kennedy
The Republican poll indi-
Gates that Mr.. Nixon will re-
ceive only about Q per cent
Of the Catholic votes as COM
pared with about so per cent
for President Eisenhower in
1856. II this poll should turn
out to be reasonably accurate,
the result would be a boon to
Senator Kennedy in the big,
important, industrial States
whose electoral votes could
be decisive.
On the subject of the tele-
vision and radio debates, the
G. o. P. admits a blunder.
"If Nixon had refused"
said their spokesman, "he
would not have lost anything.
Only a few Democrats would
have been angry. There was
no precedent for debates. But
here again we come back to
our puzzle. We thought Nixon
would really clobber Kennedy.
This was the only reason for
agreeing to the debates. We
were sure Kennedy was a
sucker to agree. Now we know
that we gave him one thing
all his wealth could not have
bought, namely a national
exposure to more than 10
million persons in the very
first one. And the Vice Presi-
dent chose that time to be at
his worst"
These are the basic find
ings Of the private G. o. P.
polls. The Republicans still
hope to win. Look" said the
spokesman, 1--WE are In Office.
We have most of the big in
terests going for us. The
President is popular. Nixon
is well known and established.
We ought to win but we think
1t is close"
Evening star., 1960-11-01

A freedom Of choice pupil
placement plan which should
meet all objections Of the
Federal courts, racial organi-
cations, Federal, State and
local officials and parents
was presented to the Arling-
ton County School Board Au-
gust 18 by our organization.
The board disclaimed ju-
riSdiction on the grounds
that authority rested in the
Virginia Placement Board.
Our plan was then presented
to the latter body which gave
complete authority for its
adoption, stipulating, how
ever. that all parents must be
polled to determine their de-
sires and that material used
in the poll first be approved
by the State board. A repre-
sentative Of the Arlington
schools attended this hearing.
Consideration of this refer
endum Of parents has been
placed on the Arlington
School Boards agenda for its
8 pm. meeting, November 8.
It Is urged that all parents,
organizations, county officials,
legislators and candidates be
present to add their COM
ments regarding the plan.
The plan would immedi-
ately assign all Arlington
Negro students to the schools
which they should rightfully
attend by virtue of proximity.
White students would then be
assigned to these schools on
the basis of their parents or
guardians desires to have
tn e m attend integrated
schools. To assure the full
utilization Of these integrated
schools, transportation to
them would be provided to
students from other areas.
Conversely, white students in
the areas Of these schools
would be furnished transpor-
tation to all-white schools If
they desire.
Integration of white stu
dents, therefore, would be on
a strictly voluntary basis,
eliminating friction, animosi-
ties and pressures. Since no
coercion, intimidation or force
would be involved, it is not
believed that objections could
come from Federal courts or
any of the usual sources.
Because our plan also pro-
vides for the integration of
school faculty and admins
trative stats on a purely VOL
untary basis, we believe its
Evening star., 1960-11-01
VSTAS IN SCIENCE
Robot Versus Human Arithmetic
By THOMAS R. HENRY

These problems may not be
so monumental as they may
appear, Prof. Panov says. For
example, to translate a paper
on applied mathematics from
Russian into English, q ma
chine would require in its
"electronic memory" a micro
dictionary Of only $500
words.
Must Be Versatile
But even so. says the re-
port, "a machine must still be
able to find the meanings OF
words not only from its own
dictionary but from the con-
text" Prof. Panov points out
that the English adjective
Sweet" for example, can
have a half dozen meanings
in Russian whether it is used
to describe an apple, a song,
words or a girl. He states the
right term can be selected
by purely mechanical means.
Problems Of this kind are
more complicated than the
calculation of complex
mathematical problems such
as definite integrals or differ
ential equations. but the ma
chine is quite able to cope
with them.
1T was only a few years
ago.. reported Emile Della
venay, chief of UNESCO's
publication service, that the
most intelligent of men were
dubious whether translation
itself was really possible. The
perfectionists are given the
lie by the machines"
Evening star., 1960-11-01

Calculation costs have been
reduced 0,000-fold in the past
few years.
A computing Job which
would have required two
weeks and cost at least $500
in clerical wages a decade ago
with desk calculators can be
done in a few minutes for
three cents with newly devel-
oped electronic calculators.
(The robot bookkeepers, of
course. cost a pretty pennyJ
This is told by DR.. E. L.
Harder, Of the Westinghouse
Corporation, in a symposium
publis h led by UNESCO-
United Nations Educational.
Scientific and Culture Organ
ization. But even this COM
pariSon is not quite fair to
the "electronic BRAIN" ac-
cording to a summary Of the
symposium issued from the
Paris Office. It Is far more
than a lightning speed book
keeper.
Complex Machine
The new BRAIN" it was
stressed in the symposium.
sis a much more complex
apparatus and can do a great
many things usually per-
formed by thinking human
beings. In the same way that
planning a timetable is more
complicated for an engine
driver than opening the
throttle of a locomotive, feed
ing a problem into an elec-
tronic computer is not at all
the same process as punching
the keys of an a d d in g
machine.
Specialized languages have
to be invented in order to
transmit raw data into a
computer for processing.
Work even now is being done
on a universal language
which would make it possible
to solve problems on one
computer even II they have
been coded for another.
when a layman thinks Of
computers in industry, he
usually visualizes 'automa-
ton operations on a produc-
tion line. They go much fur
ther. They can be used, for
example, by designers in cal
culating the heat balance Of
a projected steam power sys-
tenn or in determining the
load flow in an electric
power circuit to be con-
structed."
In an experiment recently
conducted at the Case In
stitute in Cleveland, the re-
port says, such a computer
was used in calculated en-
gineering problems in the re-
f1ning Of cottonseed oil. The
result was a Is per cent drop
in production time and a ten
fold improvement in control
Of the end product. Another
type Of computer, according
to the report, can set the
machinery in a steel mill for
a particular order.
Another report in the SYM
postum was furnished by DR..
D. Y. Panov of the Moscow
Institute of Physics and
Technology. He believes that
machines will be able to
translate scientific publica-
tions in any language-even-
tually perhaps even fiction
and poetry.
Evening star., 1960-11-01
In RebuttoI

Ill b S6COIlU 1GGU6T O1T6CU6U
to what I have written, James
A. Miller shifts his ground.
At first, by innuendo, he sug-
gestS that my statements are
false. Now, confronted with
solid Recommendation, he ad-
mits they are true but denies
their significance.
Thus, he now admits that
the Roman Catholic Church
has frequently made concor-
dats with the dictators but
that the only purpose Of such
agreements is to protect the
freedom of Catholics in these
lands.
So? Let him study the Cath
olic concordat with Franco
signed in 1858. This concordat
is the instrument of Protes-
tant oppression in Spain ever
since it went into effect. Mr..
Miller argues that American
Catholics were not responsible
for the Spanish concordat.
That was never argued. The
point is that while they may
not be responsible, their
church certainly is respons-
ible. II the Pope did not ap-
prove Of the Spanish concor-
dat why did he negotiate and
sign it? Furthermore, every
bishop in the United States
is appointed by the same Pope
who appoints every bishop in
Spain.
AS for the nasty mess in
Colombia, does anyone seri-
ously doubt that the Pope
could clean that up with one
telephone call to the clergy
there?
Mr.. Miller discounts the
Catholic authorities we cited
as not representative of the
Roman Catholic Church. Does
he consider the Pope authori-
tative? Practically every free
dom that Americans cherish
was denounced as an error by
Plus TX in his Syllabus. For
example, he denounced as
zone of the principal errors
of our time" the proposition
that "every man is free to
embrace and profess the re-
ligion which he shall con-
slider true" This same doc
trine has been reiterated by
a number of Popes since his
time. The Catholic Encyclope-
dia (Vol. IA, p. 1861 says: "As
the True God can tolerate no
strange gods, the true Church
OF Christ (Roman Catholic)
can tolerate no strange
churches beside herself I"
As for the stand of the
Roman Catholic Church on
public schools, Canon Law
1874 specifically orders all
Catholic parents to keep their
children out of the public
schools unless the bishop is
willing to permit an excep-
tion.
C. Stanley Lowell
Editor and Associate
Director, Protestants
and Other Americans
for Separation Of
Church and State
Editors Note: As far as we
are concerned, this letter con-
cludes the debate between Mr..
Miller and Mr.. LOVELY
Evening star., 1960-11-01
Defender of the Dollar?

On its face, 1t is reaSSuring to have
Senator Kennedy pledge himself, if
elected President, to defend the present
value and SoundnesS Of the dollar. It
would be astonishing indeed If he did
not take such position, but it is at
least interesting that he did not do so
to the extent Of full-dress statement
until both he and his party platform had
been placed on the defensive.
Secretary of Treasury Anderson
raised this issue in a Texas speech two
weeks ago in which he charged that the
Democratic platform promises could be
redeemed only through higher taxes,
through imitation or through Govern
ment control Of the entire economy. He
added: A man can say he is for sound
money, for balanced budgets, for debt
retirement, and for vigorous attack
on our international financial problems
This is like being for good against evil.
The important thing is not what a per-
son says, but the integrity with which
one spells out exactly what will be DONE
exactly how much it will cost and
exactly how 1t will be paid for" Presi-
dent Eisenhower turned to the same
line of attack last Friday night, chal-
longing supporters Of the Democratic
platform to spell out exactly how they
would pay the bill or to confess" if
their expectation Is to meet it through
deficit spending and debasement Of the
currency. Meanwhile, furry Of gold
speculation abroad set in against the
background of widely circulated opinion
that Democratic victory, with its plat
form commitments to greater spending,
would force devaluation Of the dollar.
Mr.. Kennedy has reacted, although
his reaction does not include an explana-
tion of how much the platform promises
would cost or how the cost would be
met. He reviews the development of our
deficit in the international balance of
payments-a greater outflow than in
flow OF dollars. Neither the deficit nor
the causes have been in dispute He sug-
gests two specific governmental steps
to help reverse this deficit trend, neither
OF which can be accomplished unilater-
ally. One is to negotiate removal of bar
riers to the flow of American goods
abroad and the other is to ask our allies
to assume greater share of the costs
OF fighting communism throughout the
world. Both are part of administration
policy today, so the question is only
whether Kennedy team could "nego-
tiate" more effectively. He pledges bal
anced budget, except under certain cir
cun1stances, and criticizes high interest
rates. BY and large, foreign interest
rates are much higher. AS an anti
inf1ationary weapon, he suggests that
the President exert leadership in per-
Suading labor and management to adopt
wage and price policies which would not
upset price stability. President Eisen-
hover has attempted this very thing,
of course, but has had less success with
labor (Which likes Mr. Kennedy on its
wage demands than with MANAGEMENT
on its price schedule. Steel is a good
example.
This is not to say that Mr.. Kennedy
has embraced Republican doctrine. He