davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-08-23

Much of the same phe-
nomenon seems to be present
in the Jet streams found at
high elevations in the at
mosphere in the great belts
of prevailing westerly winds
Of mid-latitudes. although
each atmospheric jet has
greater dimensions than the
overlapping subdivision of the
Gulf Stream.
To understand a phenom-
enon as complicated as the
Gulf Stream field observa-
tlons must be continued for
some years to come. Physical
oceanography has still a long
way to go before oceanic cir
culation is thoroughly under
stood"
A formula by which the
number of icebergs to be
expected in North Atlantic
waters each summer can be
forecast with considerable
precision has Just been de-
veloped for the Office of
Naval Research.
The bergs. often complete
ly submerged and hidden
constitute a major hazard
for navigation and have been
responsible for some OF the
greatest marine disasters of
all time. The numbers that
find their way out of the
Arctic into the North Allan
tic. where they may drift
around for months. vary
enormously from spring to
spring. They average about
42O a year. Last year. how
ever. total of 685 was reg
lstered by the International
Ice Patrol and this year, ac-
cording to the formula. only
about 100 is to be expected.
Atlantic crossings will be ex-
ceptionally safe.
Professors Work
The prediction formula has
been worked out for the
Navy by DR.. Irving 1. Schell
of Tufts University, Med
ford, Mass, 1t can be applied
each year early in April. 1t
depends in complicated way
on the relationships between
monthly temperatures and
pressure distributions from
December to March in the
North Atlantic area.
In addition to inveStigat-
ing the iceberg count the
study aims to develop a
formula for indicating the
eastward drift of these bergs.
Although few find themselves
way out in the ocean those
that do are particularly dan
gerous because they are not
under surveillance and are
not normally expected.
Evening star., 1960-08-23

The issues raised in recent
letters to The Star are a fur
ther challenge to clarity and
encourage thoughtful consid-
Grafton Of the potentialities
of the "Adams-Morgan" ur-
ban renewal area.
When the Adams Morgan
Neighborhood Conference was
brought into being over five
years ago there did not exist
in the community a forum
where the problems of deteri-
Grafton which had been going
on for more than two decades
could be discussed. The initial
effort to take action on these
problems was made in the
spring Of 1947 when the
Kalorama Citizens Associa-
ton % asked the Council
Of Social Agencies" to estab-
lish what was first called the
"Kalorama Neighborhood
Council" and (2) set up a
liaison arrangement with
Midway Civic Association to
discuss mutual problems ire
ported in The Star. May l3.
194D. The Council ceased
to exist when the Council of
Social Agencies withdrew
support Of the several neigh
borhood councils in 1850, and
the liaison with Midway was
of even shorter duration.
The aid of the principal of
Morgan School and others
was enlisted to organize the
conference in the Spring of
1855.
The conference recognized
very early that professional
help was needed If the COM
munity was to be successful
ly organized block by block to
discuss problems and act ef-
fectively to stem the rapidly
increasing tide Of blight, and
further, that the cooperation
of government agencies was
needed. Hence, the effort to
seek assistance through Sec
ton 314 of the 1854 Housing
Act. Once the project became
imminent assistance came
from outside the city: in
March, 1858, the Sears Roe
buck Foundation granted
American University $4,000
which was later given to the
District government as an aid
in providing the required
third of the cost; in August,
1857, the Guy T. o. Hollyday
Fund of approximately ST.
900 was made available for
the establishment of a neigh
borhood house and a demon
stration in rehabilitation
provived the conference set
Evening star., 1960-08-23
THE POLITICAL MILL
Political Aspect of Powers Case
BY GOULD LINCOLN

HYANNIS, Mass, Aug. %.
The trial of Francis Gary
Powers, U-2 pilot - and its
outcome - have run true to
expected form. Premier
Khrushchev and the Soviet
government used the trial for
the purpose of convincing
the world the United States
Is war minded and bent on
the destruction of Communist
Russia.
The publicity sought by
Mr.. Khrushchev was at
tained. That he has con-
vinced anyone Of the truth
Of his charge the United
States is bent on aggression
except the Communists and
I'll heir sympathizers has
clearly failed. The attempt
to make an issue of United
States espionage. in the
light Of known Communist
use Of spies and attempted
subversion, is particularly
idle.
What is clear to the world
and to the Communists
h e selves, is that the
United States does not in
tend to sit idly by and wait
for a surprise attack, carried
out with hydrogen bombs and
missiles Of various kinds. The
use Of the high flying UPS,
In view of the repeated
threats by Mr.. Khrushchev to
destroy the United States
and its allies with powerful
missile attacks, was mani
testify a security measure. on
which the preservation of
the American people largely
depended.
Knew OF Flight
The trial Of Powers has
driven this home in the
minds Of Americans. Fur
thermore, it is now known
that Premier Khrushchev
had knowledge Of these
flights before he ever agreed
to attend the summit meet
ing in Paris, which he tor
pedoed using the Powers
flight incident as his rea-
son. 1t also seems entirely
clear he was only looking for
an excuse to torpedo the con-
ference before it ever got
underway. II none had de-
veloped. he would have man.
ufactured one.
These have been the con-
tentions of the administra-
tion since the U-2 incident
and the subsequent break at
the summit meeting. Imme-
diately following the latter,
leading Democratic Spokes-
men, including Senator John
F. Kennedy of Massachusetts,
now the party's nominee for
President, belabored the Eli
senhower administration.
Adlai Stevenson set the
pace. If there was any
thought in his mind that
these attacks would gain po-
litical advantage, he was
mistaken. Senator Kennedy,
in an unguarded moment,
expressed the opinion that
the President Of the United
States might have expressed
his regrets" for the U-2 in
Evening star., 1960-08-23
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Not One Gulf Stream, but Three
By THOMAS R. HENRY

There are three Gulf
Streams.
This has just been report
ed by DR.. c. OD. 1selin of
Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institute as a result Of pre-
liminary analysis of findings
of a six-ship survey organ
lied by Nays photographic
Office.
The streams are first OBJ
servable. the observations
show. north of Cape Hatteras
off the coast of North Caro-
lima and become quite dis
tinct by the time they are
east of Nova Scotia and the
Newfoundland Grand Banks.
All three develop north of the
primary Gulf Stream. the
great single river in the sea
which flows past Florida.
The observations consisted
largely of water temperature
readings and the distribu-
tion of drift bottles.
Just north of the primary
stream. DR.. 1selin says. the
current of warm water seems
to split in two. The second
current now has been fol-
lowed from off Southern
New England eastward to the
Grand Banks so that there
can no longer be any doubt
that it is a continuous warm
stream, rather than a series
of clocklike eddies.
Currents Overlap
observations now indi-
cate" he says, that "a third
and similar filament of warm
water develops inside this one
as it crosses over the Grand
Banks. In some way, as yet
by no means fully under
stood. the counter current
along the inshore edge of
current No. drains off warm
water and momentum and
transfers it to Gulf Stream
No. 2 just to the north. Fur
ther eastward this in turn
supplies Gulf Stream No. 3.
Thus it is now thought
that eastward from Cape
Hatteras the Gulf Stream
does not flow as a single cur
rent but as a series of over
tapping currents arranged
somewhat like the shingles
on a roof. Data now gathered
east of the Grand Banks IN
dicate that this process may
continue to at least mid
ocean and possibly further.
Three main branches
seem to be involved. We now
see that this process has its
origin we'll to the westward of
the Grand Banks and that
it is not really branching in
the ordinary sense but the
development of series of
new currents. each to the
north Of the older ones.
Evening star., 1960-08-23

be announced. Very likely he is also
keeping the time free for another press
conference on November 9-long enough
to say, II told you So"
Evening star., 1960-04-20
81 Are Killed
In Colombian
AirCrush

BOGOTA. Colombia, April 20
(AP).-Thirty-two persons were
killed and 20 survived the crash
of a Colombian airliner at Bo-
gota'S New International Air
port last night.
The Lloyd Aereo Colombiano
plane, arriving from Miami,
Fla, crashed as it was prepar-
ing to land in a fog. Relatives
and friends of the passengers
watched in horror.
On its approach to the main
runway, the plane hit a 15-foot
mound of dirt. split in two,
caught fire and fell into a
lake near the airfeld. Many
of the crash victims were
drowned in the muddy waters.
Firemen, customs guards and
airport personnel rushed to the
crash site, fought the flames
and rescued 20 persons. Only
the tail of the plane emerged
from the muddy waters. The
craft was a twin-engine Gas.
The first list of survivors did
not indicate nationalities. Many
Of the names of those aboard
appeared to be Latin American
Among the dead was the
pilot, Capt. Diogenes Rovira
Vasquez.
Evening star., 1960-04-20
Light Plane Pilot
Tries for Record

HONG KONG, April 20 (AP).
Peter Gluckmann of San
Francisco took off for his home
town from Hong Kong today in
an attempt to set a new light
plane distance record.
The 33-year-old, 250-pound
flyer took off in a Beechcraft
Bonanza with a load of $40
gallons of fuel-520 more than
normal. His plane staggered
into the air with the aid of
auxiliary jets.
Mr.. Gluckmann said he
planned to fly inland as far as
possible after reaching San
Francisco. Even if he lands at
San Francisco, however, he
would beat the record of 1868
miles now held by Max Conrad,
Evening star., 1960-04-20

were dismissed from the army
for their support of former die
tator Gen. Marcos Perez Ji-
menez.
Venezuelan naval craft and
air force planes were patrolling
the coast today on the lookout
for two fishing boats which the
Minister of Defense, Gen. Jose
Lopez Henriquez, said yester-
day had sailed from Spain with
arms for the plotters.
Mr.. Betancourt, a moderate
with a reputation as a social
reformer, has faced a series of
minor uprisingS, threats and
harasSmentS since he took
office early in 1859. He was
elected a year after the over
throw of Gen. Perez Jimenez,
now in exile in Florida.
Bomb Blame Placed
A series Of bombings a few
months ago was blamed by the
government on supporters of
Gen. Perez Jimenez. Officials
said that officers and policemen
who served in the dictator'S S
10-year regime were trying to
stir up trouble and force the
army to intervene and unSeat
Mr.. Betancourt.
Stiff sentences of penal trans
portation to the jungles were
announced for rioters. Mr..
Betancourt's troops also beat
down an uprising in Caracas
last August 4. Police, troops
and rioters fought in the down.
town area of the capital for
nine hours.
Venezuela, a tropical country
rich with American investments
in oil and iron ore, lies on the
northern hump of South Amer
lea facing the Caribbean. 1t has
about six million people. and
because of it's rich resources,
has the highest per capita in
come in South America.
Evening star., 1960-04-20

University of Michigan's Willow
Run laboratories, said at a
Pentagon briefing that "one of
the most significant advances
in the system is the ability to
depict distant objects with the
same decree of sharpness as
nearby objects.
Many of the systems proc
eSses are highly secret but SCI
entists did explain that clarity
Of an object far away is made
possible by new developments
that vary the electrical pulses
by the radar according
to the distanct of the object
under surveillance. This is done
automatically.
The Army, the University of
and Texas Instru-
ments also displayed picture
maps of the Detroit area to
back up their claims.
Evening star., 1960-04-20

through" He said it will per-
nit American field commanders
to map hostile areas or detect
movements and changes III
enemy dispositions in day or
night, in fair or foul weather.
Demonstrating the efficiency
of the new device, the Army
released a photograph of tile
Washington area taken from
many miles away-exactly how
far is a highly protected secret.
The picture map appeared to
have been photographed i'm
mediately over the area, but
was taken from a plane flying
a horizontal course a substan-
tial distance to the north.
The Army took delivery Of
the first working models yes
terday and will start field
evaluation Immediately, in the
hope of getting the electronic
spy system ready for troop use
within 18 months.
The University of Michigan
developed what the Army
termed a new concept" in
radar and Texas Instruments,
Inc, of Dallas managed the
installation Of the complex
electronic gear in small air.
craft.
A number of things make
this radar system different.
Although the radar antenna is
only 8 feet long, it can pick
up and record for photograph
ing objects many miles away.
DR.. j. A. Boyd, director of the
Evening star., 1960-04-20

on delegates would depend on
the willingness of Congress to
eliminate Senate and House
District Committees.
And Mr.. Broyhill, who has
sponsored separate amendments
for the presidential and dele
gate votes. would concentrate
on a presidential vote in this
session of Congress.
Evening star., 1960-04-20
VENEZUELA
City on Border Hit
BY Invading Forces
Continued From First Page


their defiance to the rebels and
carrying signs offering to fight
for the government.
Leaders of the political par
ties broadcast appeals to their
followers in rebel territory urg-
ing them to resist the insur-
gents.
Caracas radio stations broad
cast warnings to people living
near the San Christobal bar
racks to leave their homes. This
was interpreted as meaning
that the air force planned to
bomb the rebels there.
The rebel forces declared
martial law in the State Of
Tachira, of which San Cris-
tobal is the capital.
The government had reported
Saturday that it had uncov-
cred a plot to invade Venezuela.
1t said rebel forces had been
gathering in Colombia near the
Venezuelan border for the as
sault.
Castro Leon Called Leader
Reports in the capital said
the rebels were under the COM
mand of Jesus Maria Castro
Leon, a former air force gen.
eral who has been involved in
antigovernment plots for al
most two years.
Gen. Castro Leon was De-
fenSe Minister under the mill
tary junta that ruled Venezuela
after the overthrow of Dictator
Marcos Perez Jimenez.
In July, 1858. he attempted
a coup but it was blocked and
he was hustled off to Wash
ington to serve on the Inter-
American Defense Board. Later
he was transferred to London,
and more recently he has been
publishing open letters and
statements attacking Mr.. Bet
ancourt's government. The
government also linked him to
last week ends thwarted plot.
Oil production in Venezuela
came to a halt as $4,000 petro-
leum workers went out on
strike in a demonstration of
support for the government.
Industry spokesmen said the
walkout was made without
disturbances of any kind but
said losses caused by the shut
down of machinery alone could
amount to $5O0,OO0.
Army in Caracas Loyal
In the capital, the Caracas
army garrison pledged its
loyalty to the government and
moved armored cars into the
streets to take up defense posi-
tions around public buildings.
| Reports from other military
garrisonS in the country said
all remained loyal to the regime
Labor leaders called for a
strike in all industries in a
show of labor strength in sup
port of the government.
The strong military garrison
at Caracas announced its sup
port at once for Mr.. Betan-
courts government.
Leaders on Radio
Leaders of the nations three
major political parties spoke
over a national radio network,
appealing to their followers in
San Cristobal to oppose the in
surrection vigorously.
Gen. Pedro Jose Quevado,
commander of the Venezuelan
armed forces, urged my COM
panions in arms to set an ex-
ample of common sense and
maturity" and support the
constitutional government.
! The government had an
nounced last Saturday that il
had smashed a plot for ar
armed invasion of Venezuela
from Colombia by officers who
Evening star., 1960-04-20
SUFFRAGE
SUFFRAGE
House Unit Majority
:Fovors D. c. Suffrage

Continued From First Page
Of Texas and Loser of Ten
ueSsee.
Republicans behind national
representation we're Mr.. Au-
chincloss and Representatives
Kearns of Pennsylvania, Broy-
hill of Virginia, Springer of
Illinois. Nielsen of Minnesota,
OKonski Of Wisconsin. Smith
Of Kansas, Derounian and Mrs.
Weis. both of New York. Mr..
Smith said he had some
reservations" about the Celler
proposal. but so far as he knew
now he would support the idea.
Mr.. Kearns said his attitude
Evening star., 1960-04-20
SchWeinhuut to Talk

Mrs. Margaret Schweinhaut
of Montgomery County. a mem
ber of the House of Delegates,
will be the guest speaker at the
Citizens Democratic Club Of
Prince Georges County at 8
pm. tomorrow at the Bladens-
burg Town Hall, 1929 Edmon-
ston road.
Evening star., 1960-04-20
POLICY
Continued From First Page

Continued From First Page
are a reflection of popular dis
satisfaction over the conduct
of the recent elections and re-
pressive measures unsuited to
a free democracy"
Mr.. Herter asked the Am
bassador to warn the Seoul
government of the serious re-
percussions abroad (which are
likely to result in a marked
weakening in the Republic of
Korea's international position
and prestige"
Indirectly, Secretary Herter
accused the government Of
President Rhee of trampling
democratic rights.
A press statement issued by
the State Department after
yesterdays Herter-Yang meet
| ing reported.
"The Secretary suggested that
the Korean government should,
| in its own best interest, and
in order to restore public con-
fldence. take necessary and ef-
fective action aimed at pro-
tecting democratic rights Of
freedom of speech, Of assembly,
and of the press, as well as
preserving the secrecy of the
ballot and preventing unfair
discrimination against politi-
cal opponents of a party in
power"
Anticipating charges the
United States is interfering in
the internal affairs of South
Korea, the State Department
said:
Although these matters are
admittedly the responsibility
of the Republic of Korea, this
Government has been obliged
to take cognizance of them.
This is because the United
States, as the principal spon-
sors of the Republic of Korea as
an applicant for United Ma
tions membership, has, in the
eyes of the world, always been
closely associated with Korea
as a friend, supporter and ally" "
Reds Encourage Rioters
Ambassador Yang reported
his governments strong sus-
picion of Communist involve
ment in anti-government riot
ing in his country.
The North Korean radio has
been broadcaSting exhortations
to the rioters every hour. The
broadcasts also pledge North
Korea to come to the demon
strators' aid, Ambassador Yang
said.
Ambassador Yang told Sec
retary Herter that whatever the
purpose of the opposition Dem
ocratic Party in instigating the
demonstrations, the Commu-
nistS have taken over.
The Ambassador reported
Communist leaflets are being
passed out in the cities where
demonstrations are being held
calling for the overthrow OF
the government and the with
drawal of United States and
United Nations forces.
Mr.. Yang pointed out that
the rioters singled out the ene-
mics of communism as targets.
| They destroyed the Republic
of Korea Army counter-intelli-
gence building and the Anti.
Communist League Building ir
Seoul, Ambassador Yang said
They also demolished the
statue of Gen. Douglas MacAr-
thur which stood outside the
anti Communist building.
Neither the army counter-in.
tellegence corps nor the Anti.
Communist League have any.
thing to do with Korean inter.
nal politics, Ambassador Yang
said.
Evening star., 1960-04-20

who flew from Casablanca to
Los Angeles. The distance to
San Francisco is 7,945 miles.
Mr.. Gluckmann's Great Circle
route will take him over
Formosa, Japan, the Aleutian
Islands and Seattle. He esti-
mated it would take about 60
Evening star., 1960-04-20
EIectronic Spy Takes
Sharp Distant Photos
By the Associated Press

The Army has permitted first look airborne radar
system capable OF taking mnuey detailed pictures deep into
enemy territory from aircraft flying many miles away in
the safety of friendly lines.
1t Gen. Arthur D. Trudeau Army research chief called
the battlefield surveillance radar very significant break
Evening star., 1960-04-20
Three Undecided


rate home rule" legislation for
the District. Mr.. Smith said,
for instance, that while he could
see no objection to the consti-
tutional amendment, home
rule is another story" A num-
Der of Southern members, who
oppose home rule, support ma
tional suffrage.
On the other hand, Demo-
cratic Representative Wier. a
strong home rule booster. said
he'd support the Celler amend
ment "of course, but not en-
Enthusiastically" He called the
amendment a "crumb for de-
mocracy," and insisted local
residents ought to vote for their
own city administration.
Mr.. Springer. another home
rule backer, believes the con-
stitutional amendment has a
much better chance of passage
than home rule"
Differing Views
An effort was made in the
| poll to distinguish between
home rule and national suf-
frage. But many united behind
the presidential vote volun-
Iteered both their opposition to
and support of a locally elected
city government.
Mr.. Abernethy predicted
there wouldn't be 25 votes
against the presidential vote,
should the issue reach the
House floor. Mr.. Williams
limited his sanction to the
presidential vote proposal. if it
were not linked to any other
amendment such as a poll tax
ban.
In the Senate, the suffrage
proposal was attached to an
amendment to abolish the
poll tax as a bar to voting.
But the House Committee is
considering District suffrage
alone.
Mr.. Multer made a special
point at Judiciary subcom-
mittee hearings that the prin-
ciple involved in national suf-
ferage and home rule is pre-
cisely the same" and that both
should be adopted.
DOwdy Comment
Mr.. Dowdy said he was Gin
general" backing the Celler
proposal. ha dno objection to
the vote for President and Vice
President but was not COM
United to representation.
"I think I could vote for
that" said Mr.. Matthews when
asked for his position on the
amendment.
"Ill be happy to vote for the
presidential and vice presiden-
tial vote" said Mr.. Loser. LAS
for representation. I'm not GER
tain such a provision would be
appropriate. I haven't thought
that through"
Mr.. Foley's support went be-
.yond tn eamendment as writ
ten. He would be for giving
delegates an assured right to
vote in the House and maxi
mum representation"-in the
Senate as we'll. But he ad-
mitted the practical prospects
seemed better for a non-voting
delegate.
Nielsen View
Il am strongly for the presi-
Dental and vice presidential
vote" said Mr.. Nielsen, who
added he had no objection to
House delegates.
1T is very important that
Washington citizens have the
chance to vote a sdo all other
Americans" he added. He said
home rule supporters should
"ioin in" efforts to win clear
ance for suffrage because the
amendment is more impor-
tant." 1t ought to come first,
he said.
The amendment was hailed
as a marvellous approach" by
, Mr.. Kearns. Mr.. OKonSki said
he saw no inconsistency be-
tween home rule and national
. representation and insisted the
District should have both.