davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-09-15
No Place for Politics

It is good to know that the rival
presidential candidates are in full agree
ment on the necessity of selecting
judges on the basis of merit rather than
politics Vice President Nixon and Sen
ator Kennedy both have advised the
American Bar Association of their in
dorSement of the associations firm
stand for a qualified and independent
judiciary, subservient to no political
party.
In response to an inquiry by the
association, the Vice President wrote:
"I believe it is essential to the most
effective operation of our judicial system
that the best qualified lawyers and
judges available be appointed to judicial
Office and concur also in your recon-
mendation that the number of judges
in Federal courts from each of the po-
litical parties should be approximately
equal" Senator Kennedy expressed his
hope "that the paramount consideration
in the appointment of a judge would
not be his political party but his quail
fications for office"
These policy pronouncementS by the
Republican and Democratic contenders
for the White House-especially Mr.
Kennedy's-stand in sharp contrast to
Evening star., 1960-09-15
Bay State Upset

Massachusetts, Democrats have pro-
vided a good example of the built-in
uncertainties in American politics.
Turning their backs Unexpectedly on
two-term Governor Foster Furcolo, run
ming for nomination to the United
States Senate, they have bestowed their
favor instead on the 35-year-old mayor
of Springfield, Thomas ]. O'Connor. So
decisive was their opinion, in fact, that
Mr.. Furcolo did not even carry his own
home town of Longmeadow.
Ordinarily, perhaps, this sort of
political upset would be of little interest
outside the State affected. There are
aspects of this case, however, that may
involve something more than one party's
preference for a senatorial candidate
AS Governor, and even before, Mr.. Fur
colo has been controversial figure
within his own party and had been
carrying on a running battle with
leaders of the Democratic controlled
legislature. Even so, the party's State
convention in June had indorSed his bid
for the Senate nomination and there
was at least a facade of topSide har-
mony. Bay State political observers feel
now that the determining element in
the upset was split primarily on lines
of national anceStry-thoSe of Italian
lineage, as in Mr.. Furcolo's case, VS..
those of Irish descent, as in Mr.. O'Con-
nor's case. If so, it is an issue which
presumably will figure again in Novem-
ber-possibly to the point of driving
many Furcolo Democratic hackers to
vote for reelection Of Republican SEN
ator Saltonstall. This possibility is in
creased by the fact that the Republicans
have nominated another Italian -Ameri-
can, John A. Volpe, for Governor and he
is almost certain to appeal for support
of this large group of Massachusetts,
voters.
AS far as the presidential tickets
are concerned, the primary result is not
expected to Offset the strength and pop
ularity of Massachusetts, own Senator
Kennedy although Republican vice
presidential nominee Lodge likewise has
good following in his home State. The
G. o. p, however is particularly anxious
to see Mr.. Saltonstall back in the Sen
ate, where he is one of the minority
party's most effective leaders In addi-
ton, the improved prospect of regaining
the governorship and the State admin
iStration is UNDERSTANDABLE important
and attractive
Evening star., 1960-09-15
Test of the Act

In previous voting cases, the Justice
Department has invoked the injunction
procedures of the Civil Rights Act of
1857 against actions of State officials
which deprive Negroes of their right to
vote. Now, with suit filed in Memphis,
the department is testing the acts effec-
tiveness in wholly new and infinitely
more complex sphere of anti-racial
activity-the use of economic pressures
by private citizens to coerce Negroes
from voting.
1t is hard to imagine more repug-
nant conspiracy than the suit charges
against 27 individuals and two banks
in Haywood County, Tenn. The eco
nomic intimidationS, according to the
suit, coincided with an organized move
last summer in which Negroes-who out
number white residents in Haywood
County-were encouraged to register
and vote. Some Negroes sympathetic
to the campaign allegedly were fired
from their jobs, or lost tenant farming
agreements others were refused pur-
chaSeS of goods, including food, and
merchants suspected of dealing with
Negroes were cut off by wholesalers; still
others, who qualified previously, were
denied credit.
Some good may be done, in the long
run, by focusing public attention on such
outrageous practices as these. The real
question involved here, however, is how
effective the processes of the Civil Rights
Act will be in legally proving their in
tent and in halting them.
A Federal court, under the act, must
first find that the actions had the pur-
pose of coercing participation in
Federal elections. On such finding,
the court could issue the Injunction
sought by the Justice Department, for
bidding the specific defendants named
from continuing such actions. If this
court order were violated, and only then,
could the offenders be cited for con-
tempt, tried and, if convicted, fined or
imprisoned. Whether jury or Judge
alone would hear the contempt charge,
furthermore, would be determined by
the court; the defendant could demand
a re-trial by jury, however, If his SEN
tence exceeded $500 or As days in Jail.
The hope of the Justice Department,
of course, is that the proceedings need
never reach the stage of a contempt
trial; but that the terms of an injunc-
tion order would be obeyed and that the
abuses would stop. Whether this proves
to be pious hope, however, and whether
the involved enforcement machinery of
the act holds up if it is, only time will
tell.
Evening star., 1960-09-15
Uniformed Utopio2

The several letters-to-the-
editor of August % in answer
to that by Albert w. johnson
all seem to have missed the
point, aside from the inter-
esting fact that they all pro-
test (too much. methinks)
his charge of social spoliation
OF the armed forces.
The point was, 1 believe
that the military retiree re-
ceives a fat monthly check
out of proportion to what
he has done, in terms of
services and length of time,
to earn such. What average
civilian (and so many of us
are) can afford an insurance
annuity which would pay him
after a minimum period of
twenty years from SITS to
several hundred dollars a
month?
Consider the master SER
geant who enlisted at the
age Of seventeen. He can re-
tire at the age of 81 and, ac-
cording to actuarial tables of
life expectancy, will live to
about 81. Upon retiring, he
will receive some SITS a
month or $2.100 a year. Over
a period of 80 years, this
amounts to $4,000 in total.
Taking into consideration
all of the untaxed fringe
benefits-housing allowance,
PIX, commissary. hospitali-
zation and medication-in
addition to the retirement
income. the military man is
highly paid. indeed, in re-
turn for waiting for war, in
which, if and when it comes,
the poor Slob civilian does
the bulk of the fighting.
The military man who re-
tired before 1858 agreed to
the amount which he was
to receive. What insurance
company would increase its
retirement annuities over and
above that which had been
originally agreed upon?
Joyce A. Saarela.
Evening star., 1960-09-15
Complimentary

I want to commend Ber-
nard Gwertzman and The
Star for the excellent article
which Mr.. GwertEman wrote
on the trio who were respon-
sible for the July 80 attack
on a group of picnickers
along Mount Vernon high
way.
Speaking as a veteran re-
porter, this piece strikes me
as a thorough and orderly
job. 1t starts out we'll and
ends well. 1t is properly
pitched and reasonably COM
plete. Moreover, it is pointed
and clear.
But these qualities are not
what I really had in mind in
writing to you. There are
many good articles in The
Star, written by various mem
bers of your very competent
staff. What strikes me most
forcefully about Mr.. Gwertz-
mans article is the idea it
self. This is the first time, so
far as my observation goes,
that the ringleaders and the
motivation behind this kind
of hoodlum outburst have
been singled out and laid
bare, so that the reader can
understand clearly what
caused it all. From my point
of view. this is fine, because
it illuminates the absurdity
of the drivel that attempts to
blame society for this sort of
occurrence.
I hope there is more of this
kind of journalism. If so, it
should be an effective anti
dote for millions of words of
nonsense about the failure of
society in every case of
juvenile delinquency. 1t
points up lucidly the basic
element of individual respon-
sibility in instances of this
nature-an element that al
ways will be present, no
matter how much money the
taxpayer spends in an effort
to establish a perfect world.
I think this kind of journal
ism is a thoroughly whole
some thing.
Evening star., 1960-09-15
THE POLITICAL MILL
BY GOULD LINCOLN
Democrats Stir Up q Cloud

, will roll up such a large ma
jority he will carry the sena-
torial and gubernatorial can
didates with him. But the
voters of Massachusetts are
used to splitting their bal
lots-and If the Italians are
really on the rampage, as
now is reported. the Demo-
cratic ticket may suffer con-
Siderably.
The race for the Demo-
cratic nomination for Cover
nor also helped to bring con-
fusion in the Democratic
ranks. Seven candidates were
in the field. The nomination
was won by Joseph D. Ward.
Secretary of State. a resi-
dent of Fitchburg. Running
next to him was Endicott
Peabody. While Senator Ken
nedy kept his hands of this
contest, he favored the nomi-
nation of Mr.. Peabody, son
of an Episcopal bishop, ac-
cording to some close to Sen
ator Kennedy. The Democrat
ic presidential candidate may
have believed that it would
have been politically wise to
have Mr.. Peabody as a can
didate for Governor, rather
than have an Irish Catholic
ticket from top to bottom
not only so far as MaSsachu-
sets is concerned but also
for its effect outside the
State. In any event, it did not
work too well, and Mr.. Pea
body lost.
Some Are Unhappy
Mr.. Volpe, a businessman
and the first Federal high
way administrator under the
law creating the Federal
highway plan, won the Re-
publican nomination for Gov
ernor without opposition. He
is a Catholic of Italian de-
scent. The nomination of Mr..
O'Connor over Gov. Furcolo
should help Mr.. Volpe on
election day. Further, some
Of the Democrats who we're
supporting Mr.. Peabody
and thought he should and
would win the nomination
are distinctly unhappy. Some
OF them may sit on their
hands or vote for Mr.. Volpe.
This seemed to be the year
for Kennedys to run in Mas
sachuSetts. Half-a-dozen or
more of John Kennedys en-
tered races for various State
oTnceS-but only three won.
One of these Kennedys was
in the contest for the guber-
material nomination. He ran
fifth. This seems to explode
the myth that Kennedy is a
sure-f1re winning name In the
elections this year.
More than a little rides
on the senatorial election in
Massachusetts,. The COP.
will be hard hit should Sena-
tor Saltonstall lose. He has
been an excellent Senator. He
is the Republican whip or as
Sistant leader Of the Senate
and is held in high esteem by
all his colleagues, Democrats
as well as Republicans. In
fact, it would be a distinct
loss to the Senate should he
be defeated-to the State
and to the country.
Evening star., 1960-09-15
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Radio Telescope to Map Universe
By THOMAS r. HENRY

teers recently ended two
weeks of complete isolation
in a 1,200-square-foot under
ground shelter. They came
out of the ordeal with frayed
temperS, quite restless, and
with a strong tendency to for
get simple things. All but
two, however, remained in
good health.
The experiment on shelter
survival. such as much of the
population might endure in
case OF a nuclear war, was
carried out at the Naval Ra-
biological Defense Laboratory
at San Francisco and the re-
suits have been reported
through the Office of Naval
Research. The shelter was
designed to protect against
air blast, mass fires, and ra-
dioactive fallout. 1t was
buried three feet under the
earth to provide shielding
against nuclear radiation and
could be completely closed of
against any possible contact
with the world outside for "a
hours at a time.
The subjects admittedly
were not just a random
group, such as probably
would be assembled in a shell
ter in case of nuclear attack.
All were volunteers with a
high sense of duty and little
tendency to complain about
hardShipS
Water Ration Hard
There was water for drink
ing none for washing or
shaving. There was no op-
portunity for changing
clothes, except for one change
of socks. No laundering was
possible. Nobody asked to
leave.
The restricted use of water
was rated as the most diff
cult hardship, although there
was no limit on the amount
used for drinking.
Each man." says the Navy
report, realized he had a job
to do. On the eighth day,
however. a trivial argument
almost resulted in a fist fight.
Other minor arguments with
respect to card games and
the like were soon forgotten.
Around the fifth, sixth
and seventh days many men,
toned that they were be-
ginning to feel tired and
listless and were having diff
ficulty remembering details.
Several found themselves
falling down on the job by
forgetting routine tasks.
THE test, however, showed
conclusively that 100 individ-
uals can live relatively COM .
fortably and maintain good
health under the test condi-
tions. All individuals should
participate in some form of
physical activity daily and
some form of activity should
be mandatory for ALL"
Evening star., 1960-09-15
Outward Gold Rush

According to The Star, the
value of Fort Knox's gold
hoard has dropped below the
$19 billion mark.
This Is indeed bad news
for the presidential candi-
dates, especially Mr.. Kennedy
who has promised the people
new horizons of spending and
a big raise for everyone. Were
I an uncouth individual and
able to break through the
mobs waiting for the Ken
nedy mamma to fall from the
United States Treasury, I
should rise to ask. where
you gonna get the jack.
Jack?"
The appear rance e of
American gold, much of it
thrown down European, Ash
attic and African sinkholeS
in our great burst of Ameri-
can humanitarianism, is no
matter for levity, however.
1t is so deadly serious that
every man, woman and child
should concentrate on over
coming the universal igno-
rance concerning all but the
earning and spending Of
money.
The total possible demands
upon our gold supply. if one
may believe Federal Reserve
figures, amounts to $20,337,-
100000 (theSe are billions.
If all of these possible claims
were exercised, we would not
be able to meet our commit
ments. This does not even
consider the greenba acks
owned by American citizens,
for the right of convertibility
was taken from Americans
by that great philanthropist,
Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
Mr.. Kennedy has promised
lower interest rates. In nine
weeks of lowering interest
rates, however, the outflow of
gold reached a staggering
1862 million and Swiss banks
we're forced to discontinue
interest on new foreign funds.
Should We attempt to return
to the ridiculous levels of in
terest during the New Deal
era we could very we'll find
ourselves forced to discon-
tinue international gold pay
ments. The resulting collapse
of the American dollar would
bring a calamity of unprece-
dented proportions.
Is that what the American
people want? The laborers,
the capitalists, the business
men, the pensioners and re-
tireeS, and especially the
housewives whose very watch
word is "security?" It seems
to me that politicians who
promise great new spending
Evening star., 1960-09-15
Internal Strife

Newspapers report that a
jeering crowd of about so
white youths were staging a
march on a Negro residential
area in Moorestown, N. j.,
when police broke up the
march and charged the lead
ers with melting to riot.
The Communist leaders will
rejoice when they read of
these evidences of racial i'll
feeling because they have said
that America will drop into
their hands like a ripe plum
because of internal break
downs.
1t seems to be true that If
America is ever destroyed if
will be from within, and any
youth group which lends it
self to the breakdown of law
and order is helping to bring
about a national breakdown.
Just about 100 years ago
the great Civil War was about
to break. The North claimed
that the issue was slavery.
The South claimed that the
issue was States rights and
the degree to which the Fed
eral Government had the
right to dictate to the States
about their internal affairs.
1t is possible that If the
heated debates in Congress
had been permitted to run
their course, some way out of
the dilemma would have been
found. However, some men,
anxious for an immediate
showdown. fired upon Fort
Sumter. The men who fired
upon Fort Sumter lived to see
their beloved Southland re-
duced to a wasteland. with
homes, barns. livestock and
almost everything else de-
stroyed. Those who act hastily
in insisting that only their
own views should be consid-
cred should be taught that it
is much easier to start trou-
BILE than it is to stop it. We
should all keep our shirts
on" and seek a solution that
will be fair and just all
around.
Evening star., 1960-09-15

During the Labor Day week
end I felt disguised. I usu-
ally go outside on holidays
and look up and down the
block of our fair city of Rock
vile and count the dear souls
who have Old Glory hanging
outside their homes. Surpris-
ingly I find very few (about
4 out of "a homes. I consider
this a very poor average.
I guess you could call us
immigrants to this area. We
are from a very small town
in the northwestern part of
Pennsylvania which is prac-
tically made up of foreign
born peoples and many first
generation in this country
When you walk down the
street, to hear them speak,
you might think you were
still in Czechoslovakia, Po-
land, Italy, Germany or may
be Greece. Many still chatter
in their native tongue to each
other and still speak with
thick accent. But there is
one thing I noticed about
these quaint people. Come a
holiday, the flag flies proud
ly in front of their simple
homes. With lack of educa-
tlon, most of them haven't
been able to gather up most
OF the material things that
many of us consider necessi-
ties. I believe they know
something we native-born
Americans are not aware of.
Thousands of them left Eu-
rope because of poor eco
nomic conditions and denial
OF civil liberties which we
take so much for granted.
This is their way of showing
our country just how much
they appreciate her and the
abundance of good things
she has given them.
I think many more of us
could benefit by following
their humble but patriotic
actions.
Evening star., 1960-09-15

Almost overnight the po-
litical picture in Massachu-
sets has changed in con-
tour and color-not that it
will cause Senator John F.
Kennedy to lose the State in
the presidential race. but the
change may bring about the
reelection of Republican
Senator Leverett Saltonstall
and the election of the Re-
publican nominee for Gov
ernor, John A. Volpe. For
in the Democratic primary
on Tuesday, the party beat
down Gov. Foster Furcolo
who was running for the
senatorial nomination and
named an "all green" ticket
from top to bottom. Gov.
Furcolo is Of Italian descent
the first man of Italian
blood and name to hold the
Governorship. Political OBJ
servers in the Bay State are
saying that the Italian blood
voters are enraged and that
many of them are now ex-
pected to vote Republican.
The voters of Italian blood
are said to be as numerous
as those of Irish blood.
John F. O'Connor, 35-year-
old Mayor of Springfield, won
the senatorial election de-
spite the fact the Democratic
State convention earlier had
Endorsed the Governor. Mr..
O'Connor, young, forceful and
one Of the best speakers in
public life in the State, cam
paigned actively for months.
He was well known in the
western part of the State, but
not in the Boston metropoli-
tan area. But he carried Bos-
ton, much to the surprise of
many. There was a third
candidate for the senatorial
nomination - Edmund c.
Buckley of Cambridge, a for
mer county official, and COM
pletely unknown in the State.
He received approximately
10000 votes. The Buckley
vote represented further the
anti-Furcolo sentiment. Had
he not been in the race, Gov.
Furcolo might have been even
more disastrously defeated by
Mr.. O'Connor. The Cover
nor during his two terms in
the State House had made
a large crop of enemies in his
own party. He was constant
ly at war with the Democratic
leader of the State Senate.
Senator Powers, and with the
legislature which would not
go along with him on a num-
ber of issues and programs,
the most important of which
was a proposed sales tax.
SaltOnstalI Victory Seen
Senator Saltonstall, former
Governor and twice elected
to the Senate, always has
had the backing of a large
number of independent vot-
ers and Democratic voters, as
well as Republican. He may
have a tougher fight against
Mr.. O'Connor than he would
have had against Gov. Fur
colo-but he is still expected
to come through a winner.
What the Democrats hope is
that Senator Jack Kennedy
Evening star., 1960-09-15

The biggest radio tele-
scope in the world now is
being literally "scooped out
of the earth" in Central Illi-
noiS.
1t is designed to pick up
radio wave emissions from
invisible stars and universes
of stars billions of trillions of
miles distant in space.
This strange kind Of tele-
scope is under construction
by the University of Illinois
under the sponsorship of the
Navy's Office of Research.
Basically it is little more
than a dish-shaped hole in
the earth which will serve
as an antenna. It is expected
to be in operation early this
fall.
The massive installation,
according to the Navy de-
Scription, covers 512 acres.
is more than 60 feet deep
and has 100000 square feet
of receiving area. 1t is more
than twice the size of
the largest radio telescope
in existence now - that
of the University of Man
chester in England. The
English apparatus. however,
can be turned in any direc-
ton towards the heavens. 1t
is described as being as large
as a city block, and is driven
by automatic controls at the
speed at which a star seems
to move across the heavens.
The Illinois instrument will
be fixed and unsteerable.
To Map Universe
1T has been especially de-
signed" says a Navy report"
Ito pick up faint sources of
radiation outside our own
Milky Way galaxy. It's pri-
mary mission will be to make
detailed maps of the universe.
which will include celestial
objects previously undetected
and far beyond the range of
the largest optical telescope"
Since it is not steerable,
observers will take advantage
of the rotation of the earth
to bring over the telescope
objects which they want to
study. The first project will
be to make detailed map
of the sky on a wavelength
of about so centimeters. Navy
scientists believe that this
frequency will reveal the
largest number of radio wave
sources in space.
They expect this survey.
which will cover several
thousand objects in the sky.
will require three to five
years. Such a map, they say,
will not only provide funda-
mental information for as
tronomers but also valuable
statistics for cosmologists
working on theories of the
structure and age of the uni
verse.
One hundred Navy volun-