davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-05-23
Machine for Peace?

According to our Air Force, which is
UNDERSTANDABLE interested in all such in
tell1gence-ga gathering equipment, Ameri-
can scientists and engineers have devel-
oped machine capable of translating
any foreign language into English. Tech
nical details to one side, the machine
may be described, in highly oversim-
plt1ed way, as an electronic device that
does its extraordinary job by automati-
cally converting coded tape into mean
ingful printed material.
In its present stage of DEVELOPMENT,
this gadget is considered by its develop
ers to be rather primitive At the mo-
ment, for example, it can translate Rus
sian at the rate of only about 40 words
a minute, and some of the resulting
grammar leaves much to be desired, to
put it mildly. Nevertheless, despite all
its shortcomings, it is effective enough
to make the end reSult-such as the
translation Of portentous Pravda edi-
torial on the collapse of the Paris sum-
init conference-quite comprehensive.
even If dull and depressing, in our Eng
liSh or American idiom.
IA OAACAAAOACS dSduu dCCOTOlIlS 10
our Air Force, this remarkable contrap-
tion-a brainchild of the International
Business Machines Research Center-is
undergoing refinements that promise to
make it capable, before the year ends,
OF tranSlating the Russian language at
rate of almost $500 words a minute.
as against the current 40. In addition,
the refnements are expected to make
the tranSlationS considerably more pre-
else and more grammatical, even if no
more cheering, than those offered by the
device in its present form.
Needless to say, all this can have
more than little Importance in making
available to us, promptly and in large
volume, such things as key information
from Soviet technical journals. But what
we and the Russians need in addition.
of course, is some sort of contrivance
magical enough to open up the hearts
and minds of men like MeSSrs. Khru-
shchev and Eisenhower, and bring them
together in manner that would make
possible a true peace based on mutual
understanding and trust.
Evening star., 1960-05-23
Big Brother

1t may be that the congressional
Juror over various aspects of the broad
casting industry merely has imbued
Frederick w. Ford, the new Federal
Communications Commission chairman,
with an excessive zeal to "do something"
His plan to set up team to monitor"
radio and television programs would
lead to a serious mistake, however,
and it should be Squelched at the out
set by the Senate Appropriations Com
mittee.
Mr.. Ford is asking for $4,000 to get
the new activity rolling this year. In
addition to investigating specific COM
plants, he says, one of the purposes of
the FEC monitors would be to check
programming of selected stations on a
regular, continuing basis to see "how
effectively stations discharge their stew
ardShip in the public interest"
This smacks of step toward gov
ernment meddling which, in our judg-
ment, has far too much potential for
abuse to be authorized in the absence
OF a stronger showing of necessity than
commission officials have made thus far.
The best judge of what is good for the
public is the public itself, and wise
broadcaSters in the long run will re-
Spond to these desires.
The FEC, of course, has the author
ity already to hold up the renewal of
broadcasters' licenses If they fail to
comply with specific statutory require
ments, and there may be nothing wrong
with increased investigative measures
which are restricted to the discovery
OF such malpractices as hidden plugs"
Mr.. Ford'S monitoring suggestion goes
beyond this, however, and comes too
close for comfort to indirect censorship
OF programming. For our part, we need
no Big Brother to help us turn the set
on If there is program we don't want
to watch.
Evening star., 1960-05-23
Helpful Mr.. Stossen

1t is no longer news when Harold
StasSen tries, and fails, to launch "stop
Nixon" movement in Republican Party
ranks. Still, his latest effort may have
interesting side effects-far from what
Mr.. Stassen actually had in mind
Mr.. StaSSen is a member of Penn
sylvania'S 70-vote delegation to the Re-
publican National Convention in Chi
cago in late July. At an organization
meeting of the delegation in Phila-
delphia a few days ago, he opposed
selection of Senator Hugh Scott as
chairman on grounds that the Senator
already was publicly committed to Vice
President Nixon as the G.. o. p. preSi-
dental nominee. Senator Scott was
elected chairman by vote of 1922.
Mr.. StaSSen then moved to have the
delegation reject State Committee in
dorSement of NiXon-Scott presidential
ticket. On this one, Mr.. StaSsen really
succeeded" in closing the Republican
ranks as the delegation voted down his
motion by SO to /.
1t is unlikely that the irrepressible
Mr.. StaSsen will be greatly abashed by
this setback. In may be, however, that
this enforced showing of Pennsylvania
support for Mr.. Scott, as we'll as for
Mr.. Nixon, could give substantial boost
to the Senator's chances for second place
on the G. o. P. ticket. Mr.. Scott'S victory
in the Senate race in 1858 was one of
the few major triumphs scored by the
G. o. P. in that year. Eight terms in the
House and two years as Republican Ma
tional Chairman already had identified
him as a hard and successful party
worker. Along with California, Pennsyl-
vania ranks second only to New York
in the size of its convention delegation
and its bloc of electoral votes. If MIR.
Nixon, from the West, wants an East
erner as a running mate in November,
Senator Scott is available and undoubt-
edly willing. In his way, Mr.. StaSsen may
have helped the national convention
make decision.
Evening star., 1960-05-23
VISTAS IN SCIENCE
Earth Weoves Own Cosmic Shroud
BY THOMAS R. HENRY

Earth Is wrapped in q cos
mic shroud of its own weav-
ing.
This is q vast cloud of
hydrogen gas atoms extending
as far as the sun. 1t is due
largely to the methane, or
marsh gas, which is pro-
duced by the disintegration of
organic matter by decay,
chiefly in marshes. The ex-
tremely light hydrogen atoms
when released ascend to the
top Of the atmosphere and
gradually get outside of the
range of this planets gravi-
rational attraction. There
they constitute the great
cloud with an orbit around
the sun like that of another
planet.
The cloud, that is, does not
follow the orbit of the earth
but always is between the
earth and the sun.
Existence of this great
space cloud of hydrogen is
reported by Drs. Richard
Touset and James D. Purcell
Of the Naval Research Lab
oratory as a result of their
Interpretation of photographs
taken of the face of the sun
from a rocket fired from
White Sands, N. Mex.
Hydrogen Filter
The nature Of the spectra
obtained, says a Navy report,
showed that there is a great
bank of relatively cool hydro
gen between earth and sun.
1t is too cool to emit radia-
ton itself but acts as q filter,
absorbing the radiation from
hydrogen clouds on the sun
on its way to earth. It is
calculated that there are
about 10 trillion atoms in
each long column, of square
inch area. from the flying
rocket to the sun.
Some of these hydrogen
atoms probably come from
the sun, but most of them
come from the earth. Marsh
gas, escaping into the at
moSphere from decaying
matter, gradually rises and
eventually reaches rocket al
titudes. Here the molecules
are broken down by sunlight,
thus releasing atoms of hy-
drogen. When the very light
hydrogen atoms reach the
300-mile level some are
travelling fast enough to es-
cape the earth's gravity.
They shoot of into inter-
planetary space, taking their
own orbits around the sun,
and form a sort of satellite
cloud around the earth"
Existence of something of
the sort has been suspected
for some time, says the re-
port, because of the invisible
ultra violet glow"
This glow" says the re-
port, could only mean a
cloud of atomic hydrogen.
Now the cloud actually has
been seen against the sun by
screening out the ultraviolet
emission. The view with
ultraviolet light is compar-
able to what one sees with
his eyes during a dust storm.
Then the sky looks intensely
bright and the sun can barely
be seen.
Evening star., 1960-05-23
"FIFTEENTH STREET

40 GG4N n . kLE1E i 4.
Dear Sir:
II have often thought that
someone ought to write q
book on the relation of
cats to men. In our family
we have several (cats), and
they are forever feuding and
fighting.
"One spits and growls at
the other, and the second
runs under a table or sofa
for refuge.
"This is exactly what hap
pened to the Huguenots, who
fed France under persecu-
tion and found refuge in
England and Scotland.
Religious persecution was
based on intelligence grounds,
but among the animals the
prosecutions seem to have no
particular cause.
THE result is Just the
same. One attacks, another
fees.
If this double threat could
be wiped out of life, some
thing really might be done
toward peace on earth. Un-
til then, I am afraid it is but
a dream, beautiful but eva
neScent.
"One attacks, and another
fees. It is the old, old story,
whether among beasts or
men. Moving fingers clutch
swords, and there is fight.
The flexible claws unsheath,
and there is flight beneath a
sofa.
why can't it all end in Just
all letting each other alone?
Sincerely, ANIL"
If anyone doubts the rela-
ton of animal and man, at
this late date, he should
study mans oldest friends,
the cat and the dog.
Not a day will 60 by but
he will be able to see that his
petsis so much like himself,
in so many ways, he cannot
dodge the issue.
This keen relation took
thousands of years before
mankind, in general, was
willing to admit it.
Perhaps there are a few
old slowpokes left who are
not willing to admit it even
now. They also believe the
world is fiat, and that all the
planets are there in the skies.
so many millions of miles
apart, Just as a sort of celes-
tial choir for earth.
1t enables man to list all
living creatures as his broth
er. at least as some sort of
relation, however remote.
They all have the same in
spiration, which or who we
call God.
4 = y 4
The dog or cat In the
household shows how close
he is to us every day.
The very look in those in
telligent eyes shows us, with
Evening star., 1960-05-23
THIS AND THAT
By CHARLES Z. TRACEWELL

out doubt, that he is basi-
cally related.
There are the same de-
sireS, and the same needs. in
essence.
Even the desire for shelter
is much the same.
The cat needs only a crawl
space, as we say, whereas
modern man wants a many
roomed cave Of his own,
called a split-level, a rather
silly term, but expressive.
The cat wants a hunk Of
raw meat for his dinner.
whereas the owners desire a
steak, cooked.
No relation there?
Bless your heart, the cat
and dog In the house seem
almost to speak to us, and
some have sworn that their
pets do understand every.
thing they say, almost.
= \
Antipathy between cat and
cat, as between man and
man, is shown everywhere.
Often there seems In he
no real reason for it.
This makes it all the more
q crime against common
sense and individual decency.
Here are two men in an
office, both doing approxi-
mately the same work. They
come from the same kinds
OF persons, have equivalent
educations, and seemingly
ought to get along, but they
don't. One has been driving
the other beneath the sofa.
figuratively speaking, since he
arrived. The worst part Of
it is that there seems to be
nothing at all to do about it.
We call it part Of the stress
OF modern life. We don't
really think so, because one
party to the war enjoys it,
and the other would like to.
If the roles were reversed.
The psychologists call it
fight or fight.
1t is part of life, among
men, cats, dogs. tigers, lions,
and amoeba, and what have
you, as they once said.
Letting each other alone is
the one thing life simply
won't do.
Evening star., 1960-05-23

@. Can an Easter lily
bought as a potted plant be
transplanted to the gardenp
IN. Y.
A. After it has finished
blossoming, it can be set out
in the garden, with about a
4 to s inch cover of soil over
the bulb. 1t may bloom again
in the fall; II not, it can be
left in the ground and, at
least in milder climates,
should come up next year to
bloom again by Easter time.
Evening star., 1960-05-23

But there is this difference.
The hydrogen is so high above
the earth that even during
the night the gas cloud still
is bathed in sunlight and
emits ultraviolet rays of great
intensity. OF course this
radiation-being outside the
visible spectrum-could not
be seen even if it were able
to penetrate to the ground.
Material particles in space
have the ability to scatter
visible light in a somewhat
analogous fashion. The zodi-
acal light is partly accounted
for by scattering from fine
dust particles" "
The temperature of the
gas cloud is calculated at
from 1000 to 1000 centigrade.
There are organisms that
live on super-gas.
Their preferred diet is jet
airplane fuel. They thrive so
well on it that they are be-
coming a considerable prob
lem for Navy aviation.
The organisms are minute
plants. mostly microscopic
bacteria and fungi. The Navy
isn't especially concerned
about the amount of aviation
fuel they drink" up like milk,
although this may be con-
siderable, but they are highly
effective in clogging various
filters and strainers of the
aircraft as well as those Of
the several storage and trans
port facilities through which
this fuel passes.
The organisms, the report
stresses, also require a little
water in their diet. They get
into parts Of a Jet engine
which are practically inac-
cessible for flushing or clean
ing.
Solution Sought
Since gasoline and kero-
sene are chemically similar"
says the Navy report, why
didn't the problem come up
long ago in connection with
gasoline powered aircraft?
Part Of the answer lies In the
Jet engines enormous rate
Of fuel consumption, more
than 1000 gallons an hour.
A very low concentration Of
suspended matter quickly be-
comes troublesome.
In principle the solution
Is simple-rigorous exclusion
of water, but this is prob
ably beyond practical reali-
zation. There is need for
supplementary methods Of
biological control.
Serious attention has
been given to a microbial in
hibitor for the fuel. Expert
ments have indicated that
none Of the customary addi-
tives to jet fuel are sufi-
ciently inhibitory at practi.
cal concentration levels.
"At present several gasoline
additives which may be COM
patible with jet fuel are
being evaluated. Preliminary
experiments indicate that two
OF these may be sufficiently
toxic at practical levels"
Among the schemes pro-
posed is that of getting the
bacteria and fungi fighting
each other for their strange
food supply and perhaps kill
ing each other of.
Evening star., 1960-05-23
LETTERS TO THE STAR


Pen names may be used II
letters carry iDriters' correct
names and addresses. All
letters are subject to con-
denSdtion.
Evening star., 1960-05-23
Answers to Questions
By THE HASKINS SERVICE

a reader can get an answer By
writing The star Information IN.
reau 635 ? street NV Washington
Z. D. e Please inclose return postaGe
or seh-addressed stamped envelope
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1960-12-01

food"
Because Of the wide range
Of heats, the exact control,
and quick adjustment, pres
sure cooking is easier.
There are no Interruptions
because of storms, the burn
erS are easy to clean, and are
guaranteed for life.
Gas operated garbage dis
pOSerS consume garbage and
trash with no dirty smoke or
SCOT, and will burn anything
that will burn.
Gas water heats have in
Stant hot water with no wait
ing. They are fully automa-
tic, with an automatic safe.
ty shut off control, fiber
glass insulation for extra saw
ingS, with rust proof gas lin
ingS. These also have ther-
moStatic temperature con-
troll, and are completely sill
ent."
The dryers have automa-
tic time and heat controls,
and are safe for all fabrics.
"PyrofaX gas space heaters
are dependable, safe, and
draftleSS, with no SCOT or film,
and no cold spots.
There's no worry about
running out of gass." Mr.. Hell
ser explained. "A consumer
has two cylinders of gas.
When one runs out, he SIM
ply notifies us, and We change
it, and he still has the spare
cylinders"
we have over q thousand
satisfied customers in Lake
and Geauga counties. s."
Mr.. HelSer is married. His
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1960-12-01
WHO CAN DO TT?
Helser Implement
Has Pyrofax Gas
And Appliances

S. L. HelSer, owner Of Hell
ser Implement, Cherry st,
Chardon, became the Pyro.
fax bottled gas dealer about
5 years ago.
The line includes a wide
range of appliances including
stoves, refrigerators, dryers,
space heaters, hot water hea-
terS and garbage diSpoSers.
"PyrOfaX is a division of
the Union Carbide Corp" Mr..
Helser explained. 1t is refin-
ed natural gas, the impuriti-
eS and moisture removed,
making it cleaner and more
dependable. The cylinders
far exceed industry require
mentS, safety checked to
meet all regulations. The
pressure is tested to assure
full value and efficiency"
"PyrofaX is cleaner, safer,
and more even than the ma
tural gas, and costs about
half as much as electricity"
Mr.. HelSer says.
"A gas range is fast the
heat is on instantly with fleX-
ible adjustments, any heat
you want, Immediately. The
burners are easier to keep
clean.
The oven temperature is
controlled within two degrees
and, because of the nature of
the heat, are better ventilat-
ed, eliminating smoke, greas-
eS, and vaporS, with an even
temperature.
This means you can brOil
with the oven door closed--the
flame consumes the smoke
and greaSeS given off by the
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1960-12-01

versity, at Athens.
Mr.. HelSer is active in the
Pilgrim Christian Church in
Chardon, and the MasonS.
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1960-12-01

Florist
Geauga record. [volume] (Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio) 1952-1962, 1960-12-01

wife, Helen, does the office
work. Their daughter, Judy,
81, is a senior at Grove City
College, Grove City, Pa. Don,
20, is a junior at Ohio Uni
Evening star., 1960-05-01
Teller Suggests
Theuter Shelters

NEW YORK, April 30 (AP).-
DR.. Edward Teller suggested to-
day that future motion picture
theaters be built underground
to provide ready-made bomb
shelters.
He said every citizen, espe-
cially in the suburbs of large
cities, should be within a 10 to
15-minute walking distance of
a bomb shelter"
DR.. Teller, often called the
father Of the hydrogen bomb,
and Trevor Gardner, former
assistant Secretary of the Air
Force, both agreed that the
Federal Government-and not
lndividuals-should provide nu-
clear bomb shelters.
Evening star., 1960-05-01

Miami. Those remaining be-
hind stuck close to their homes,
A predicted crowd of is mil
lion for the rally-called to show
support for the Castro regime
was scaled down to one mil
lion today by pro-goyernment
newspapers. No explanation
was given.
The capital was alive with
speculation over what tomorrow
would bring.
Wide Range in Guessing
1t ranged from predictions
that Mr.. Castro would declare
Cuba socialist state or break
of diplomatic relations with
the United States. to reports
he once again would voice ia
miliar charges of an American
plot against his government.
He will speak after a parade
of about 10000 armed militia
men, mostly peasants, workers
and students.
Arrangements for the rally
represent a maximum effort
by officials to drum up ma
tional support for his regime
in the face of what is believed
to be growing discomfort.
Bus and train services were
used exclusively for bringing
in the crowds from the prov
inces. Some Cubans came by
foot. All theaters. restaurants,
beaches, clubs and liquor
stores will be closed.
Wage Demands Banned
To further encourage a good
turnout and because May Day
falls on a Sunday. the gov
ernment declared Monday a
national holiday.
Missing from the celebration
Evening star., 1960-05-01
122 Are Injured
In Home Mishups

The District Red Gross Safety
Service reports that 122 people
were treated at local hospitals
last week for home accident in
juries.
The injuries included AZ falls,
II burns, 16 poisonings, 10 cuts
and seven cases of foreign OBJ
jects in the ear, eye, nose,
throat or stomach. Five of the
accidents were fatal.
-Four of the fatalities were
caused by fire. The fifth death
was caused by a fall from q
window.
Evening star., 1960-05-01
Justice Aide Gets
Retirement Honors

Mrs. Robert D. Cunningham
a long time aide in the person
mel relations Offices of the JUS
tice Department, was honored
at a retirement dinner Friday.
s. A. Andretta, administra-
tive assistant to the Attorney
General, presented Mrs. Cum
ningham with a 30-year pin
and a book containing letters
Of appreciation at a party at
tended by some 100 persons at
Caruso's Restaurant, 427 Elev-
enth street NV.
Mrs. Cunningham retired be-
cause Of physical disability.
She lives at 6040 Wooten drive,
Falls Church.
Evening star., 1960-05-01

will be the Usual display of
banners demanding higher
wages for labor.
The powerful Cuban Con-
federation of Workers, the
main organizing force behind
the rally. has banned such
ideas as counter revolutionary.
Also missing will be David
Salvador, once Mr.. Castro's
righthand man in labor circles.
A political moderate, he has
been virtually ousted from the
confederation's top post of Sec
retary general by extreme left
ist Jesus Soto.
Reports from Camaguey,
where Salvador returned to his
old job in a sugar mill. said he
was suffering from a liver all
ment and would be unable to
participate in the rally.
Evening star., 1960-05-01

during which United States
Secretary Of State Christian
A. Herter and British Foreign
Secretary Selwyn Lloyd out
lined the allied approach to
the summit talks.
Both assured CENTO's Mid
die East nations their interests
viii be safeguarded in negotia-
tons with Mr.. KhruShchev.
The council also expressed
support of Western positions
in the Geneva disarmament
conference and United States
and British policies in the
nuclear test ban talks.
Ministers from Iran, Pakis-
tan, Turkey and Britain signed
the communique. The United
States approved as a council
observer.
Evening star., 1960-05-01

next months summit con-
ference in Paris.
The council asserted that
Soviet Premier Nikita Khru-
shchev interefered in Pakistani
affairs recently by voicing sup
port of Afghanistan's claim to
sectors of Pakistan known as
"Pushtonistan." Pakistan long
has rejected the claim.
The ministers also called for
an end to a major propaganda
offensive Moscow launched
several months ago against the
Shah of Iran and his gov
ernment.
The CENTO Council chal-
lenged Moscow to Demon
strate by deeds" that it wants to
end the cold war.
The communique summed
up three days of meetings here