davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1960-01-21
ATTENTION HUNTERS

- YIN HON ENS -
Wanted: Porcupine hides, 81,
So each. Eagles, hawks, owls,
wings and tail sets (unpulled).
Contact Del Trading Post, 8841
Harper. Detroit Is, Mich.
46-3wp
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1960-01-21

LOST: Blue and white suitcase
with ladies' and mems clothing
on Duck Lake road, January 8.
Reward. Contact Frank Doyle,
Babb. 46-2wp
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1960-01-21

FOUND: Tool for cutting copper
tubing. Owner may have same
by paying for this ad at The
Glacier Reporter office.
46-1we
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1960-01-21
OLH N Program
Channel 7 Lethbridge, Alberta

bridge, Alberta
800 Ed Sullivan
7;30 Joan Fairfax
900 GIN Presents
1000 Jack Benny
1890 Mike Hammer
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MONDAY, January IS
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1915 Little Rascals
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800 PM Party
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800 National School
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he Glacier Reporter
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1960-01-21

PRESTO LOGS, briekefs and
kindling wood. MacRae Lumber
and Builders Service. ATTIC
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1960-01-21

FOR SAlE-4-bedroom, all mod.
ern home in Browning. Inquire
at Glacier Reporter. No tele-
phone calls. 48-tf
The Glacier reporter. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1953-current, 1960-01-21

SALE ON WINTER TIRES. New
less than the price of recaps.
Coast-to-Coast Stores, Cut Bank.
46-2wc
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-21

the Congo on Q reduced scale.
Nobody will ever know how
many Congolese have lost their
lives since July. Crocodile
filled rivers have swallowed
many bodies. The forest hides
the rest.
There are no mortuaries. no
neat casualty lists.
An educated guess would put
the number Of deaths at per-
haps 10000, with another
so, 900 injured. Probably $780, 900
have been made homeless.
Property damages are GER
tainly in EXCESS Of $3.50 million.
Except along the Kasai-Ka-
tanga border, life. has pretty
well returned to normal for
the mass Of Congolese. There
are changes, Of course.
Schools Closed
If one falls sick, the chances
of finding a doctor are more
remote. Many schools are
closed and the others are
understaffed. There Is not
much money because the whites
have gone and there are no
jobs.
But there are compensations
The tax collector comes infre-
quently and now it is possible
to give him a beating. The
food crops continue to grow
and the African family system
makes it possible for everyone
to have something to eat.
White men no longer come
from the government to ash
questions and to urge the peo-
pie to work. That tiresome
business Of digging latrines, Il
finished.
The white man came, stayec
a few years (Congolese ar,
alive who can remember TIT
entry of the first whites) ant
now he is gone. It is as simple
as that.
Many Unaffected
Most of the Congolese il
rural areas, which means thu
vast majority of the population
were affected only SUPERFICIAL!
If at all by the presence Of tn
whites. The vast complex o
skyscrapers. universities, mines
hospitals and railways was no
an obvious part Of their lives
The old gods. silent, inscru
table and terrible, have winke,
over the shoulders Of the mis-
sionaries for the past so years
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-21
WSCc to Double
Plant at Laurel

The Washington Suburban
Sanitary Commission has au-
thorized preparation of plans
for a $4,000 expansion of its
Parkway Sewage Plant near
Laurel.
The project is to be designed
by Robert T. REGISTER, Inc.
Baltimore engineering consult
ants. The expansion is to dou-
BILE the plants present capacity
of IL million gallons a day.
Enlargement Of the plant Ca
pacity IS included in the COM
missions five-year sewerage
program for 1851 and 1862.
The commission said it has
been approached concerning
the providing Of sewage treat
ment for parts of Anne Arundel
and Howard Counties as part Of
this program.
If an agreement is reached
with either county. an eXpan-
sion Of the parkway plant viii
be required earlier than wal
originally expected, the com.
mission said.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-21

Now the old gods are dancing
again.
Africa has come back. as one
always knew she would. Africa
is like a crocodile doing on q
sandbank. Along comes a civil
ization in the shape of a rabbit
and. snap! the rabbit is gone
and only the crocodile remains.
It has happened before
Persians, Indians, Romans,
Greeks, Chinese. all came to
change Africa to their purpose
All ended up in the crocodile's
belly.
Some whites have died and
some of their women have beer
raped. More Congolese are
dead. But the slow, essential
hypnotic rhythm of Africa
which no white man can un.
derstand although many are
captivated by it, remains un.
changed and unchanging.
Life goes on. It always will
Tomorrow: The consos economy
! still functions.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-21

are available but It Is unlikely
that the death toll was more
than q dozen. Approximately
$50 white women, out Of a Eu-
ropean population of 100000.
were raped.
The Force Publique was in
terested primarily in footing
and humiliating whites. Whites
were forced to work barefoot
in the fields and eat rotten
manioc. Their boards were
burned, they were forcibly tat
tooed and beaten.
Too little has been said Of
those nameless Congolese-sol-
diers. politicians, clergymen and
civilians-who risked their own
lives to protect the Belgians.
Some acted out Of a sense Of
individual loyalty, others out Of
general decency.
For most Congolese, like peo-
pie elsewhere, are essentially
decent. The difference between
the Congolese and the Euro
pean is one Of outlook.
The Congolese is more insen-
sitive to suffering because his
own life holds much suffering
Rape is not so much a matter
of concern to him as it is to us
because his attitudes toward
sex are devoid of romanticism
Reasoned one Congolese SOL
der: 1.-THE Belgians used my
women many times; why SHOULD
there be such an outcry when
use theirs once?"
Smell Of Fear
Finally, there was the ques.
ton of fear. The smell Of feal
was heavy in the land in July
it excited the Africans, and thu
inevitable resulted. There is M
one to blame. It just happened
1t could happen again.
Great as was their persona
tragedy, the fate of the few
whites killed and raped ap'
peared like a footnote to thu
misfortunes which overlook tn,
Congolese, who after all max
up SO per cent of this country
population Of IS million.
The withdrawal of Belgian
rule and the inability of an!
Congolese- authority to asser
} itself on the national leve
could spell only one thing: TIL,
J revival of tribal animosities.
In the African language
} there is no word for "politica
opponent" The only transla
. ton is enemy" The loss Of tn
!, election (Which the Congoles
: never understood anyway
meant not the PRONUNCIATION o
a political theory with whicl
! one did not happen to agree
: It meant stolen cattle. slashe
coffee trees, burning huts. an
= death. There was only victor
!, or defeat, supremacy or slavery
7 life or death.
! Rough Areas
The worst areas were Kass
Province and Northern Katan
= ga, where the Baluba tribI
, which had immigrated to tn
1 region about the time of tn
y Belgian conquest, was drive
out with considerable slaughte
But the same thing happene
S to other minority tribes all owe
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-21
ANATOMY OF CHAOS
Congo DebocIe Left
Vacuum of Power

thought that their fast grant
of independence would curry
favor with the Congolese poll
ticans, that they would realize
their country's weakness and
accept technical assistance
from Belgium for many years.
In other words, there would
be business as usual, with the
power apparently in the hands
of the Congolese. The extrem-
lists would be short-circuited
and everybody would live hap
PLY ever after.
It might have worked out
that way If no one had rocked
the boat. Mr.. Lumumba, the
convicted embezzler who had
been named Prime Minister,
rocked it vigorously the day
after independence in a speech
viciously attacking Belgian rule.
That speech, on July l, may
be taken as the beginning Of
the Congo's collapse. 1t was an
open invitation to extremists
They were not slow to assert
themselves.
For the first few days, the
fighting was mostly tribal and
had no pronounced anti-white
bias. Then, on July z, the Force
Publique mutinied against its
officers.
The units demands were
those of every citizen army;
More money and less discipline
Premier Lumumba was able tt
promise more money, to pro.
mote everyone one rank, and tt
order the dismissal Of thu
! Belgian officers.
No Officers
! There were no CongoleSt
officers to replace the Belgian'
} and the soldiers chose from
: their ranks those most popular
: plant or powerful leaders. Tit
Force Publique degenerate,
! into a purposeless armed mob
: The Belgians gave way to pani
and the exodus of refugees tool
? place.
! The horror stories began
There was horror enough. A
: Kisantu in Leopoldville Prov
= ince, one Belgian woman wa
r raped by Is soldiers. At Banza
Y Bona, a white woman, tw
: months pregnant. was raped b
! four soldiers. At KimpeSe,
white woman was raped /
times in the presence Of he
husband and children.
A high percentage of the of
y ficers' wives at Camp Hardy il
+, Thysville and several nuns i
e Equator Province were similarl
I assaulted.
Few white people were kille
S during the disorders. No figure
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-21
Seeopd Of O Series

existed in the Congo. There
was no hand-over of power be-
cause there was no one to whom
such power could really be
handed.
When the Belgians left, au-
thority simply ceased to exist.
There were those anxious to
WELD this authority, of course:
Mesmeric Patrice Lumumba, the
Belgian settlers, federalist lead
ers such as Noise Tshombe and
Albert Kalonji, President Joseph
Kasavubu, the Force Publique.
But none of these were strong
enough to take control.
Settlers Divided
Mr.. Lumumba, although his
party won the largest number of
seats in the National Assembly,
controlled only about a third
of the Legislature. The Belgian
settlers were divided and afraid,
The federalists held no power
outside their own provinces,
President Kasavubu was too in
decisive to oppose Mr.. Lumumba
successfully. The army, which
hated its white officers, had nc
real leaders of its own.
Even had the situation beer
normal when the Belgians de.
parted, the Congo would have
been faced with overwhelming
problems which it lacked thu
means to solve. Almost COM
pletely lacking were trained
Congolese civil servants, execu'
tives and professional men.
As an example Of how deeply
this absence of trained mer
runs, the United Nations re-
Gently hailed as "an outstand'
ing development" the appoint
ment of a Congolese directol
of civil aviation, with man.
years of background experience
in this field" The man hat
been an airport clerk.
Few Graduates
The Congo has exactly L
university graduates, hardl.
enough to staff a small business
let alone to run a nation NOR
than four times the size o
France.
Apparently the Belgian
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-21
BY SMITH HEMPSTONE
Contributing Writer

LEoPoLDvnLE. Congo Re-
public. - Barely four months
ago, on June 80. the Belgian
government abdicated in the
Congo.
It is inaccurate to speak OF
q devolution of authority. Nc
alternative to Belgian rule
East Cleveland leader. [volume] (East Cleveland, Ohio) 1942-1970, 1960-02-18

OFFICES, 22050 Lake Shore blvd.
2 and 3 rooms. professional or
business. will decorate, low rent
YE. 2-0123
East Cleveland leader. [volume] (East Cleveland, Ohio) 1942-1970, 1960-02-18

DROPLEAF table, blond. pads, 500;
dining chairs. 81 each; twin
barrel type chairs. beige, $50 pair;
air conditioner. Coldspot, purchased
June, 1859, make offer.
OR 5-24o1
East Cleveland leader. [volume] (East Cleveland, Ohio) 1942-1970, 1960-02-18
BUSINESS DIRECTORY

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING
BY PHONE - 90c MINIMUM,
CASH WITH ADVERTISE
MENT - 75c MINIMUM. MUST
BE IN OUR OFFICE BEFORE
NOON WEDNESDAY. NO
CANCELLATION OR ALTER
ALTON AFTER r. vi. TUES
DAY
East Cleveland leader. [volume] (East Cleveland, Ohio) 1942-1970, 1960-02-18

GAS furnace service and repairs
Call Ex. 1-l534
East Cleveland leader. [volume] (East Cleveland, Ohio) 1942-1970, 1960-02-18

SINGLE rollaway bed. with inner
spring mattress, SIS. RE. 1-7279.
MOVING. must sell: double bed.
complete: 2 maple chests. 8 piece
dining room set: breakfast set.
formica top; 2 sets dishes. COM
plete, antique satin drapes, miscel-
laneous YE. 1885.
FIT, 2 piece sectional. green dav-
export, blond end and coffee
table, 2 fireside chairs, SIS.
RE. 1-1928 after 4 p. m.
East Cleveland leader. [volume] (East Cleveland, Ohio) 1942-1970, 1960-02-18
HOUSEHOLD GOODS
VACUUM CLEANERS

USED, selling out entire stock, 80
late model Electroluxes, Will
take SO (tank type) warehouse
Used Vacuum Cleaner Store, $50
East 1O5th st.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-02-07

sending UP clouds of these mill
tary satellites into aerospace,
and Of recovering the boosters.
Recovery-getting the costly
booster back for reuse-will be
tried with Saturn, but NASA
officials are dubious that it will
turn out to be economically
worthwhile.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-02-07

For anything else that may
come along. the interested par
ties are supposed to go to the
President for a decision as to
primary responsibility. 1t was
learned authoritatively that
the understanding from the
White House is that the job
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-02-07

1t was indicated that the dis
cussion covered both the nego-
tiations at Geneva and Western
policy preparations for disarm-
ament talks with the Soviet
bloc starting March is, the
Associated Press reported.
Mr.. Herter, Defense Secre-
tary Gates and Atomic Energy
Commission Chairman McCone
agree that the United States
cannot accept a treaty which
would commit America to stop
all tests.
President Eisenhower already
has decided that the United
States cannot allow the Rus
slams to achieve an uninspected
moratorium OF indefinite dura-
ton.
The President late last year
said the United States would
not extend its unilateral test
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-02-07
Senators Ask
NucIear Data

Two Democratic Senators
said yesterday that President
Eisenhower should clarity just
what the administration plans
to do about turning over nu-
clear weapons or information
to its allies.
Senators Gore. Democrat OF
! Tennessee, and jackson, Demo-
crat of Washington. both mem
berS of the Congres iona
Atomic Committee. said they
are puzzled by White House
announcements that no change
in the present atomic energy
act had been asked of Con-
greSS.
IF the administration has
such a course of action in
mind. I respectfully suggest to
the President that a request
for legislation would be wise
and prudent and perhaps a
necessary course" Senator Gore
told a reporter.
Z In Albuquerque. Senator An
derson, Democrat of New Mex
leo, chairman of the Senate
House Atomic Energy Commit
tee. said he interpreted the law
to REQUIRE that Congress amend
it before nuclear weapons are
transferred to the allied nations.
Senator Jackson said that If
the administration is not seek
ing amendments to the atomic
law cit is unfortunate that the
President talked about 1t at his
news conference" He said the
Presidents remarks had stirred
wide interest overseas and
among our allies.
The President, in answer to a
news conference question. said
he leaned toward furnishing
allied nations with nuclear
weapons information already
known to the Russians and it
would be better in the interest
of the United States to have
the law liberalized on this mat
ter. 20
After a conference of top
level Defense and State De-
partment leaders at the White
House Friday, however, one of
the Presidents press aides said
there is no executive proposal
now before Congress nor in
preparation for amendments to
the act"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-02-07
1882 Pints
OF Blood
Distributed

Red Cross bloodmobiles dis
tributed 1882 pints of blood
to regional residents this past
week. The District received 1856
pints: Maryland, 345: Virginia,
300; West Virginia, Sc, and nom
area patients, 6.
Donors may give next week at
the Washington Regional Blood
Center. POPS E street NV,
from l to 8:45 pm. Monday,
and from 9 am. to 4:30 pm.
Tuesday through Friday. In
addition, bloodmobiles will take
blood at the following places
next week:
Monday WASHINGTON Resional
Blood Center. l TO S45 m. Mont
Church. Wisconsin and Hunt avenues venues
Chevy Chase, 3 to 7:45 pm. Prince
Georses County, Fire House No. /,
1901 Rises road. Chillum- Adelphi, 3
70 7:45 pm. WASHINGTON COUNTY
Main street, SharpsburE, 3 to 745
pm
Tuesday WaShington Regional
Blood Center. o am. to 4:30 pm.
Montgomery County, Xaverian COLLEGE
10000 New Hampshire avenue, to
AS pm D. c. Chapter. Department
OF Agriculture, between Twelfth and
Fourteenth streets s.W.. 10 am. to
3:45 pm. Hampshire County w Va
PRESBYTERIAN Church. Romney, ll:3o
am. to 4:l5 pm.
Wednesday WaShinEton REGIONAL
Blood Center, - am TO 4:3o D m. D c.
Chapter, Pentagon, Choral Room, $40
am. to 3:l5 pm D. c. Chapter Main
Navy Building, Constitution avenue and
Eighteenth street NV, $50 am to
2:45 o m. Charles County. National
guard Armorv, LaPlata, IL noon to
5:45 pm.
Thursday - Washinston REGIONAL
Blood Center, 2 am. to 4:3O pm
Fauquier County, Vint Hill, Warrenton
10 m. to 3:l5 pm.
-Friday-Washinston Regional Blood
Center, Q am. to 4:3O pm. Prince
Georges County, Andrews Air Force
Base, ARDC Building, am to 3:l5
pm D.; C. Chapter. Department OF
Labor, Conference Rooms A, B and c,
Constitution avenue NV, 10 am. to
3:45 pm.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-02-07
INTERPRETIVE REPORT

will go, in general, to the
agency first coming up with 6
requirement for a particular
type OF booster.
3 1t appears that Air Force
demands for fuller explanation
caused this compromise for
mula" to be devised. When the
assignment of super-boostel
responsibility was first giver
ito NASA, the Air Force wanted
to know what a super-boostel
was. The answer was: A booster
in the million-pound thrust
class.
A second question arose: 1.
an 800,000-pound thrust boost
er in the million-pound class
At about this time, the decision
was made to handle each new
situation at the White House
The second question had
pertinence because of a modest
ly funded Air Force develop
ment project known as Ell
Ell is an engine in the early
test stages, being perfected by
the Rocketdyne division OF
North American Aviation. It
has already developed about
100000 pounds of thrust and is
believed capable of growth
to 100000 pounds. Thus, a two
barreled rocket based on Ell
could start out as a 100000
pound (say 800,000-p oun d.
booster and grow later to
million pounds.
ObsOleScence Predicted
Pointing out that research
cannot be Programmed in ad-
vance, the Air Force always
reserves the right to transfer
funds among projects in order
to exploit breakthroughs. Con-
ceivably, this could be done
with Ell if the Air Force
thought it could get away with
building a super-booster of its
own.
AS long ago as last Thanks
giving, a leading American
scientist closely affiliated with
the Air Force said that in his
Judgment a uper-booSter US
ing the Ell would render DR.
Won Braun's Saturn obsolete
before the latter ever flew. Even
at NASA, the advantage of two
or three ELS in a cluster over
the eight engines in the COM
pllcated Saturn is readily
but privately-conceded.
A second ace-in-the hole,
from the Air Force point of
view, is a uniquely military
space vehicle, streSsing mill
tary urgency, fast reaction, re-
liability" to use Gen. Wilson'S
words before the Space Com
mittee Thursday. He envisioned
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-02-07

OdAA4AOb d81Cc W UdIl JCoJs
without an effective inspection
system.
Transatlantic cable ex.
changes between Secretary Of
State Herter and British
Foreign Secretary Lloyd have
failed to resolve the differences
between the Western atomic
powers.
Public Reaction
The problem is further
complicated by the pressure OF
public opinion. In Britain, the
public is much more insistent
on continuation of the test
moratorium than is the
American public.
Also. the American lead over
the Soviet Union in nuclear
weapons development is ex-
pected to begin to narrow next
summer or fall. PreSsures,
therefore, are mounting in the
United States for a resumption
of underground tests.
Washington feels it cannot
accept the risk of the Soviet
Union conducting secret tests
during the two-year moratorium
period. The fear is that without
and ironclad inspection system.
Russia could cheat while the
United States would not.
Briefed by Intelligence
Yesterday Mr.. Herter con-
ferred with diplomatic, mill
tary and intelligence experts.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-02-07

Tests below the stated
threshold" size could continue.
British officials point to So
Wet Ambassador Semyon Tsa-
rapkin's firm rejection OF the
threshold idea in a recent talk
with newsmen as an indication
Moscow will never accept a par =
tial ban.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-02-07

ban beyond December 81. But
he promised to give the world
notice before tests are resumed.
Instead Of a complete con-
trolled test ban, Mr.. Herter is
now backing a so called
threshold Man" in which only
larger, easily detectible under
ground shots would be banned.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-02-07

asserted their need for a bigger
and better booster.
Gen. Wilson summed it UP
this way before the House
group:
I'VE are confident that the
Air Force research and devel-
opment program can provide
the capabilities required for
the effective military exploita-
ton of the entire aerospace
medium"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-02-07
U. S, Britain at Odds
On Attest Bon Moves
BY EARL II. VOSS
star star Wrttex

Britain and the United are at odds over the next
step in the nearly amated Geneva negotiations nucear-
test ban.
The British the United States accept twoyear
extension Of the moratorium all tests until the
But the United States holding to its position that it