davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-07-13

governments and by strict ad-
herence to the constitutional
guarantee that all powers not
delegated by the States to the
Union are reserved to the
States or to the people.
The Tenth Amendment to
the Constitution of the United
States is a part of the Bill Of
Rights equal in force and dig
nifty to the First Amendment
and all of the other amend
which comprise the Bill
of Rights when a court or a
legislative group or an execu-
tive disregards or violates the
rights of the people under the
Tenth Amendment, thereby the
rights of the peopule under the
First Amendment to worship,
to read. to speak, to print are
jeopardized. A mere majority
which can today ignore the
Tenth Amendment can tomor-
row ignore the First Amend
ment and all the others.
Evening star., 1960-07-13

the growth Of a world COM
munity.
Through the machinery OF
the United Nations, we will
work for disarmament, the es-
tablishment of an international
police force. the strengthening
of the World Court, and the
establishment of world law.
We shall propose the boldeI
and more effective use of the
specialized agencies to promote
the worlds economic and So
cial development.
To all these endeavors so es-
sential to world peace, we, the
members of the Democratic
Party, will bring a new urgency
persistence, and determination
born of the conviction that in
our thermonuclear century, al
Of the other rights of mar
hinge on our ability to assure
mans right to peace.
The pursuit of peace, oul
contribution to the stability o1
the new nations of the world
our hopes for progress and
well-being at home, all these
depend in large measure on oul
ability TO release the full po-
tential of our American econ.
omy for employment, produc-
| ton. and growth.
Evening star., 1960-07-13
Promise to Speed
Economic Gains

Our generation of Americans
has achieved an historic tech
nological breakthrough. Today
we are capable of creating an
abundance in goods and serv-
ices beyond the dreams of our
parents. Yet on the Threshold
of plenty, the administration
hesitates, confused and afraid.
AS a result, massive human
needs now exist side by side
with idle workers, iole capital,
and idle machines.
The new Democratic admin
istration will confidently pro-
coed to unshackle American en-
terprise and to free American
labor, industrial leadership,
and capital. to create an abun-
dance that will outstrip any
other system.
Free competitive enterprise is
the most creative and produc-
tive form of economic order
that the world has seen. The
recent slow pace Of American
growth is due not to the fail
ure of our free economy but
! to the failure of our national
leadership.
We Democrats believe that
our economy can and must
grow at an average rate of {
per cent annually, almost twice
Evening star., 1960-07-13
Would Modernize
All Transportation

Over the past seven years we
have watched the steady weak
ening Of the Nations transpor-
tation system. Railroads are in
distress. Highways are congest-
ed. Airports and airways lag far
behind the needs of the jet age.
To meet this challenge we
will establish a national trans
portation policy, designed to CO.
ordinate and modernize our IA
cilities for transportation by
road, rail, water, and air.
We will recognize the special
role of our Federal Government
in support of basic and applied
research.
We shall reform the processes
of government in all branches
executive, legislative and judi
cial. We will clean out corrup-
ton and conflicts of interest
and improve Governme n t
services.
The list Of unfinished busi-
ness for America is long. The
accumulated neglect of nearly a
decade cannot be wiped out
overnight. Many Of the objec-
tiveS which we seek will require
See TEXT, Page 40
Evening star., 1960-07-13

was alleged that there were
roughly 5000 Negroes of voting
age in a certain county of that
State who we're denied the
right to vote. Upon the trial
of a case arising from the COM
plant, the Federal Government
admitted that only a meager
35 Of those 5000 had even ap-
piled for the right to vote and
that of those 35 only 10 were
qualified. And yet the State OF
Georgia was pilloried before
its sister States for denying the
right of vote to thousands
What political hogwash that is
For a convention Of Amer
ican delegates to support what
ever action is necessary to elm
mate literacy tests" as require
ments for voting is unthinka-
BILE. Even the most ardent sal
vationists would have to admit
that such action could be only
in the form Of an amendment
Evening star., 1960-07-13
Pledge to Strengthen
u. S. Military Power

The new Democratic admin
istration will recast our military
capacity in order to provide
forces and weapons of a diver
'sity, balance. and mobility
SUFFICIENT in quantity and quail
tty to deter both limited and
general aggressions.
We pledge our will, energies,
and resources to oppose armed
Communist aggression.
A fragile power balance sus-
tanned by mutual nuclear ter
ror does not, however, consti-
tute peace. We must regain the
Initiative on the entire inter-
national front with effective
new policies to create the con-
ditions for peace.
There are no simple solutions
to the infinitely complex chal-
1enges which face us. Man.
kinds eternal dream. a worlo
peace, can only be built slowly
and patiently.
A primary task is to develop
responsible proposals that will
help break the deadlock on
arms control.
Such proposals should in
.clude means for ending nuclear
tests under workable safe
guards, cutting back nuclear
weapons, reducing conventional
forces, preserving outer space
for peaceful purposes, prevent
ing surprise attack. and limit
ing the risk of accidental war
Evening star., 1960-07-13

In 1852 the candidate of the
Democratic Party for President
Of the United States was IA
vored only by the voters Of the
States of West Virginia, Ken
tucky, North Carolina. South
Carolina, Georgia, Alabama,
Mississippi, Arkansas and Louis
lana.
I In 1856 the candidate of the
Democratic Party for President
Of the United States was ia
svored only by the voters of
North Carolina, South Carolina,
Georgia, Alabama. Mississippi,
Arkansas, and Missouri.
This minority report is
signed by members of the plat
form committee who are dele
gates from each and every one
of those two groups of States
except Missouri, Kentucky and
West Virginia.
In 1852 and 1856 as we'll as
in prior years, the States of
North Carolina. South Carolina,
Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi
and Arkansas were the back
bone of the Democratic Party.
Nevertheless, since 1852 the
people Of those States as well
as the people of Louisiana,
Florida, and Tennessee have
been subjected to every con-
ceivable harasSment in the field
Of civil rights at the instigation
of well organized pressure
groups, residing for the most
part in States that have not
favored the candidates for the
Democratic Party for President
and Vice President of the
United States.
Increasingly. the loyalty of
the people of the South to
their party has been repaid
with scolding and derision,
Pretending to invoke the Con-
stitution of the United States,
those who are attacking the
South have ignored the funda-
mental law of the land-and
In particular. the Tenth
Amendment to the Constitu
tion of the United States. De-
spite these attacks, the Demo
Evening star., 1960-07-13
Vow Resistance
To Red Inroods

If negotiations through dip
lomatic channels provide op.
portunities, we will negotiate
If debate before the United
Nations holds promise, We will
debate.
If meetings at high level Of
fer prospects Of success; we will
be there.
But we will use all the will
power. resources. and energy
at our command to resist the
further encroachment of COM
munism on freedom-whethel
at Berlin, Formosa or new
points of pressure as yet undis-
closed.
To the people who live in
the Communist world and its
captive nations: We proclaim
an enduring friendship which
goes beyond governments and
ideologies to our common hu-
man interest in better world
Through exchanges of per-
sons. cultural contacts, trade
in non-strategic areas, anc
other non-governmental activi-
ties, we will endeavor to pre-
serve and improve opportuni-
ties for human relationships
which no iron curtain can per.
manently sever.
We deeply regret that tht
policies and actions of the gov
eminent of Communist China
have. interrupted the genera.
tions Of friendship between the
Chinese and American peoples
We reafirm our pledge oi
determined opposition to the
present admission Of Commu.
mist China to the United Ma.
tioYaS t&
Evening star., 1960-07-13

all its aspects must be attuned
to our world of change.
We will recruit officials whose
experience, humanity, and ded-
ication fit them for the task
of effectively re representing
America abroad.
We viii provide q more sem
sitive and creative direction to
our overseas information pro-
gram. And we will overhaul our
administrative machinery so
that America may avoid diplo-
matte embarrassments and at
long last speak with a single
confident voice in world af-
fairs.
World trade is more than
ever essential to world peace.
In the tradition of Cordell Hull,
we shall expand world trade
in every responsible way.
Since all Americans share
the benefit of this policy. its
costs should not be the bur-
den of a few.
We shall support practical
measures to ease the necessary
adjustments of industries end
communities which may be un-
avoidably hurt by increases in
imports.
We shall adjust our immigra-
ton, nationality, and refugee
policies to eliminate discrimin-
alton and to enable members
of scattered families abroad to
be united with relatives al
ready in our midst.
To the people and govern
ments beyond our shores we
offer the following pledges:
To the Communist ma
tions of Asia, Africa. and Latin
America: We shall create with
you working partnership, based
on mutual respect and under
standing.
Evening star., 1960-07-13
Propose to Help
With Scholarships

AS a national investment in
our future. we propose a pro-
gram of loans and scholarships
grants to assure that qualified
young Americans will have full
opportunity for higher educa-
ton, at the institutions Of their
choice, regardless of the in
come Of their parents.
The new Democratic admin
istration will end eight years
of official neglect of our ed
ucational system.
The pledges contained in
this economic bill of rights
point the way to a better life
for every family in America.
They are the means to a
goal that is now within our
reach-the final eradication in
America of the age-old evil
Of poverty.
Yet there are other pressing
needs on our national agenda.
A thin layer of earth, a few
inches of rain, and a blanket
of air makes human life pos
sible on our planet.
Sound public policy must as
sure that these essential
resources will be available to
provide the good life for our
children and future genera
tions.
Water, timber and grazing
lands, recreational areas In our
parks. shores, forests and
wildernesses, energy. minerals,
even pure air-all are feeling
the press of enormously in
creased demands of a rapidly
growing population.
A new Democratic admins
Eation will expand Federal
programs to aid urban COM
munities to clear their slums,
dispose Of. their sewage, educate
their children. transport sub
urban commuters to and from
their jobs. and combat Juvenile
delinquency.
We will give the city dweller
a voice at the cabinet table by
bringing together within a sin
gle department programs con-
cerned with urban and met
ropolitan problems.
Evening star., 1960-07-13
THE RIGHTS OF MAN

e. lE1E hIGn1 D OF MAN
In 1896. in Americas first
contested national election, oul
party, under the leadership Of
Thomas Jefferson. cafnpaignec
on the principles of the rights
Of, man"
Ever since, these four words
have underscored our identity
NTH the plain people Of
America and the world.
In periods Of national crisis,
we Democrats have returned tc
these words for renew ed
strength. We return to them
today.
In 1860 the rights of man
ere still the issue.
1t is our continuing respon-
sibility to provide an effective
Instrument of political action
for every American who seeks
to strengthen these rights
everywhere here in America
and everywhere in our goth cen
ltury world.
The common danger of man
kind is war and the threat OF
war. Today three billion human
beings live in fear that some
rash act or blunder may plunge
us all into a nuclear holocaust
which will leave only ruined
cities, blasted homes, and a
poisoned earth and sky.
Our objective, however, is not
the right to coexist in armed
camps on the same planet with
.totalitarian ideologies. 1t is the
creation of an enduring peace
in which the universal values
'of human dignity. truth. and
Justice under law are finally
secured for all men everywhere
on earth.
II America is to work effec-
lively for such a peace, we must
first restore our ma ii on a
strength - military, political
economic and moral
Evening star., 1960-07-13
Pledge to Increase
Poy Floor to $1.25

We pledge to raise the min
imum wage to $1.25 an hour
and extend covering to several
million workers not now pro-
tected.
3. "The right Of every farmer
to raise and sell his products
at a return which will give
him and his family a decent
living" s..
We shall take positive ac-
ton to raise farm income to
full parity levels and to pre-
serve family farming as a way
Of life.
We shall put behind us once
and for all the timidity with
which our Government has
viewed our abundance of food
and fiber.
We will set new high levels
of food consumption both at
home and abroad.
AS long as many Americans
and hundreds of millions o1
people in other countries re-
main underfed, we shall regard
these agricultural riches, ano
the family farmers who pro-
duce them, not as a liability
but as a national asset.
4. THE right of every bust.
neSsman, large and small, tc
trade in an atmosphere of free.
dom from unfair competition
and domination by monopolie.
at home and abroad"
A new Democratic admins.
tration will act to make oul
free economy really free-fret
from the oppression of monop.
olistic power-free from tht
suffocating impact of higl
interest rates. We will hell
create an economy in which
small businesses can take root
grow, and flourish.
5. "The right of every family
to a decent home" Today ouI
rate of home building is les
than 10 years ago. A health,
expanding economy will enablr
us to build two million home
a year in wholesome neighbor
hoods. for people of all incomes
At this rate. within a single
decade we can clear away oul
slums and assure every Amer,
ican family a decent place tt
live. &c..
Evening star., 1960-07-13

vationists in our party who as
sert that they would bring to
us a new. shining, mass-action
democracy that would free us
from the sad misconceptions Of
the past? 1t is the activity Of
ever-enlarging big Government
control, which always corrupts
and always dehumanizes.
In this matter of Govern
ment-enforced social equality,
which is threatening to engulf
our accepted educational pro-
cesses, for example, the So
called liberals are telling us
that we of the South are un-
thinking, that we are resisting
change and the inevitable
march of expanding democracy.
But is not change that we
of the South resist, nor de-
mocracy that we shun. We do
resist the kind of change that
will turn us more and more
into a super-state. We do re-.
sist the kind of change that
will not just run us but over
run us. We do shun the kind
of democracy that believes big
government alone. beyond any
private institution or private
will, has the wisdom and COM
passion to deal with the prob
lens of the future. We do shun
the kind of democracy that
from a pinnacle in Washington
can tell people all over the
land by what rules our schools
should be run, and that If those
rules are disobeyed the right
Of the people to run these
schools will be taken away from
us. To our minds, that is a
burlesque of democratic living.
1t is a travesty Of real demo-
cratic procedure.
No government can become
the final arbiter of all social,
economic and political diff
culties. 1t simply does rot have
the capacity. The tougher cur
problems, the more that big
government is inclined to wal
low in indecision and compli-
cate the remedies-until final
Ily, frazzled and perpleGed. 1t
resorts to the age-old preach
ment of the tyrant: Accept the
imposed order or feel the
weight Of this mailed fist Z.
Evening star., 1960-07-13
Pledge Closer Ties
With Latin Nations

We welcome, the emerging
new nations of Africa to the
world community. Here again
we shall strive to write a new
chapter Of fruitful cooperation.
In Latin America we shall
restore the good neighbor
policy based on far closer
economic cooperation and in
creased respect and under
standing.
In the Middle East we will
work for guarantees to insure
independence for all States. We
will encourage direct Arab
Israel peace negotiations. the
resettlement Of Arab refugees,
in lands where there is room
and opportunity for them, an
end to boycotts and blockades,
and unrestricted use of the
Suez Canal by all nations.
To our friends and associates
in the Atlantic community: We
propose a broader partnership
that goes beyond our common
fears, to recognize the depth
and sweep of our common
political, economic, and cultural
interests.
We welcome the recent
heartening advances toward
European unity. In every ap-
propriate way, we shall en-
courage their further growth
within the broader framework
lof the Atlantic community.
To the rulers of the COM
munist world: We confidently
accept your challenge to COM
petition in every field of
IluIIldl euOTL.
We recognize this contest as
one between two radically diff
ferent approaches to the mean
ing Of life-our open society
which places its highest value
upon individual dignity, and
your closed society in which
the rights Of man are sacri-
feed to the state.
We believe your Commu-
mist theology to be sterile, un-
sound, and doomed to failure,
We believe that your children
will reject the intellectual
prison in which you seek to
conf1ne them and that ulti-
mately they will choose the
eternal principles of freedom.
In the meantime, we are
prepared to negotiate with you
whenever and wherever there
lis a realistic possibility of
Evening star., 1960-07-13
Would Revomp
Aid Programs

In the Jeffersonian tradition
we recognize and welcome the
irresistible momentum Of the
world revolution Of rising
expectations for a better life
We shall identify American
policy with its values and objec-
tives.
To this end the new Demo
cratic administration will re-
vamp and refocus the objee-
Itives, emphasis. and ALLEGATION
iof our foreign assistance pro-
grams.
The proper purpose Of these
programs is not to buy graft
tude or to recruit mercenaries
but to enable the peoples Of
these awakening, developing ma
tions to make their own free
choices.
AS they achieve a. sense oi
belonging, Of dignity, and oi
justice. freee ON will become
meantHgful fer them, and there
worth defending.
Where military assistance re-
mains essential for the common
defense, we shall see that tht
requirements are fully met. But
as rapidly as security considera-
ltions permit, we will replace
tanks with tractors, bomber!
with bulldozers, and tactician'
with technicians.
We shall place our programs
of international cooperation
on a long-term basis to permit
more effective planning. We
shall seek to associate Other
capital exporting countries with
us in promoting the orderly
economic growth of the under
developed world.
We recognize India anc
Pakistan as major tests of the
capacity of free men in 6
difficult environment to master
the age-old problems of illit'
leracy, poverty, and disease. We
Evening star., 1960-07-13
Southern Delegates Attack Civil Rights Plank Minority Report

schools unsegregated as to race
or color. This clamor overlooks
the fact that never has any
court decided that any State
could be compelled by anyone
to set up a system of integrated
schools. But those who have so
chided'the South for it's alleged
breach of the law of the land
now foster not only breaches
Of the law of the land, but
breaches of the peace. They
condone and even sanction tres
passings upon private property.
Their encouragement and ap-
proval of "sit-in demonstra-
tions" on SpeciouS moral
principle fiout the declaration
of the law of the land promul-
gated by a court, one of whose
members is a distinguished
former solicitor general of the
United States who participated
in the argument of the school
cases before the Supreme Court.
BY no stretch of the imagina-
ton can the Constitution of the
United States be interpreted so
as to assure equal access for
all Americans to all areas of
community life. A church, a
social club, a fraternity, a So
rority, a lodge-each is in an
area of community life, but
neither Congress nor the court
has the constitutional power to
assure the entrance into those
areas of any or every American.
The Supreme Court of the
United States has recently held
that the Civil Rights Act of
1857 is appropriate legislation
under the 18th Amendment. If
legislation has been needed "to
secure for all Americans the
right to vote" that statue would
suffice. 1t has been used by an
Attorney General as politically
minded as any delegate here,
only four times. That it has not
been used more frequently is
not proof of the fact that he
and the President are not
strong and imaginative" 1t is
proof of the fact that alleged
abridgements or denials of the
right to vote are grossly exag-
gerated.
For example, in a complaint
against the state of Georgia, it
Evening star., 1960-07-13
Back Bill of Rights
Cited by Roosevelt

1t will reaffirm the economic
bill Of rights which Franklin
Roosevelt wrote into our ma.
tional conscience 16 years ago
1t will reaffirm these rights fol
all Americans of whatever race
place of residence, or station ot
life.
l. "The right to a useful ano
remunerative job in the indus
tries or shops or farms or mines
Of the Nation"
The Democratic Party ac-
cepts full employment as a par
amount objective of nationa,
policy.
The right to a job require:
action to create new industry ir
Americas depressed areas oi
chronic unemployment.
The right to a job requires
action to break down artif1cia.
and arbitrary barriers to en-
ployment based on age, race
sex, religion. or national origin
The right to a job require;
the restoration of full support
for collective bargaining anc
the repeal of the anti-labol
excesSes which have been writ.
ten into our labor laws.
The right to a job require.
planning for automation, sc
that men and women will bt
trained and available to NEE
shifting employment needs.
2. "The right to earn enough
to provide adequate food anc
clothing and recreation"
At the bottom of the income
scale are some eight millior
families whose earnings are toC
| low to provide even basic ne