davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-10-07
FIR. PETER J. RAHlLL, Phi. D.

FIR. PETER J. RAHILL, Phi. D.
Increased attention has
been given recently to
Alexis De Tocqueville.
After his visit to the
United States in the
1905 this Frenchman wrote
so penetratingly of ,democ-
racy in America that even the
exaggerated a alton of
Henry Adams could not rob
his writings of their worth.
WITHIN A COUPLE of
years after the death of this
scholarly statesman further
demonstration had come Of
his declaration: "Yhe Cath
olics of the United States are
at the same time the most
faithful believers in God and
the most Jealous citizens of
the Republic"
The first opportunity for
Catholics to establish their
loyalty to America had come
during the Revolution from
England; already we have
seen how splendidly that test
was met.
The passage of almost -four
score and seven years" had
dimmed for some the remem-
brance of the glorious record
of Catholics during the Amer
lean Revolution. Nativists had
come not only to question
their loyalty but their very
eligibility to become true
citizens. Not by words but by
deeds-this time Gin a great
Civil War'-Catholics vindi-
Gated De Tocqueville's judg-
Inent of their being the best
of citizens.
THREE DAYS AFTER the
first shot was fired at Fort
Sumter President Lincoln call
ed for $4,000 volunteers. New
York's Sixty-Ninth Regiment
was the first to respond. With.
in 48 hours these soldiers,
mostly Irish Catholic ladies,
were on their way to the
front.
Five years of potato fam
inc in Ireland and heartless
eviction by English Landlords
had brought thousands of i'm
poverished Irish immigrants
to the United States in the
decade preceding the Civil
War. Due to the difference in
the size of the cities the in
flux of the sons of Erin had
been even more noticeable in
Boston than in New York.
Often landing absolutely
destitute, Irish lads and even
lassies had eagerly accepted
any sort of work. The $4,000
and more in the Eub City had
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-10-07
CATHOLICS IN AMERICA
Patriotism WOn Friends During Civil War

During the War with Mex
leo President Polk had pro-
vided for a few Catholic chap
Iains. After the War between
the States commenced Lincoln
wrote Archbishop Hughes.
The President stated he could
find no Law governing hos
pitaI chaplainS, but II will
thank you to give me the
name or names of one or more
suitable persons of the Cath
olic Church" who would be
appointed for that purpose.
AMONG THE PRIESTS
who served in the Union fore
es several became distinguish
ed prelates, such as Archbish-
op John Ireland of st. Paul
and Bishop Lawrence McMa-
hon of Hartford. Patrick J.
Ryan, later Coadjutor Bishop
of st. Louis and Archbishop of
Philadelphia, resigned his
chaplaincy because he felt
he could do better work in the
hospital among Southern pris-
oners of war as a volunteer
priest. Many others proffered
their services as the need
arose.
When there was no priest
at all in Fredericksburg,
though the city is literally a
hospital" Bernard McQuaid
went there from Newark, New
Jersey, to attend the dying.
The future first Bishop of
Rochester, New York, remain
ed until another priest was
assigned.
IN The SOUTH the clergy
were not at first exempt from
CONSUMPTION. Bishop Patrick
N. Walsh of Charleston hav-
ing protested, priests were
then assigned as chaplains for
Confederate forces. Among
them was Francis Xavier Le-
ray, later Archbishop of New
Orleans. Abram Ryan, poet
priest of the South, was a vol
unteer chaplain amid the
fighting in the West.
In a gallant attempt to OBJ
tain foreign assistance Bishop
Walsh evaded the northern
naval blockade and crossed
the Atlantic. His perilous voy-
age was in vain, for by then
Europe recognized that the
cause of the valiant men in
grey was lost.
PROBABLY THE CHURCH
derived most benefit from
the services of the members
of the various Sisterhoods.
Early in 1862 the Union Gov
eminent formally requested
that Sisters be assigned as
nurses.
To many Americans women
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-10-07

crowded into the North End
and Fort Hill. Soon it became
almost a proverb to say that a
good workman did as much as.
an Irishman.
NOTWITHSTANDING, the
Puritan social and financial
aristocracy despised these
newcomers. Unable to under
stand their deep loyalty to
Catholicism, an eminent his
torlan has criticized the Bos-
ton Irish for refusing to take
jobs distant from "the minis
trations Of their priests. OPP
pressed for their religion in
Erin, the spiritual sons of st.
Patrick encountered similar
opposition when searching for
work in Boston by signs which
read: mo Irish Need Apply"
These placardS were hur-
riedly removed because of
the loyalty of the Irish Catho-
lies to their newly adopted
country. General Burnside
erred g~rievously in attacking
Lees impregnable position at
Fredericksburg. But for the
Gaelic members of the Irish
Brigade "theirs not to reason
why, theirs but to do and
die"
A CORRESPONDENT for
the London Times marveled
at the "undaunted courage
displayed by the Sons of Erin
as they made seven successive
stormings of the invincible
position from which the Con-
federateS poured forth shot
and shell. Two-thirds of Gen.
eral Thomas Meagher's Brig
ade never again answered roll
call. They had not died in
vain. No nativist back in Bos-
ton dared question the love
of the Irish Catholics for their
neW-found homeland.
Highly important to the
Union was preventing Euro
pean nations from allying with
the South or recognizing the
Confederacy as Independent.
In October, 1861, Archbishop
John Hughes of New York
was invited to Washington.
There President Lincoln COM
missioned him to present the
position of the Union to the
Catholic Emperor Of France,
Napoleon III.
After he had disembarked
at Liverpool the Archbishop
stated his intention in a letter
to a Cardinal in Rome:
II MADE KNOWN to the
President that if | should come
to Europe, it would not be as
a partisan of the North more
than Of the South; that |
should represent the interests
of the South as we'll as the
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-10-07

Italy,
radio, MO- 49, The Holy See
has been invited to take part
in the 1864 New York Worlds
Fair.
The invitation was made by
a five-man American delega-
ton during an audience with
His Holiness Pope John XIII.
The group gave Pope John a
scroll extending a formal in
vitation to the Holy See to
have an exhibition at the fair.
The delegation, led by
Thomas J. Deegan, Jr., chair
man of the executive COM
mittee of the fair corporation,
had previously met with
Count Enrics Galeazzi, the pa
pal architect, and with His
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-10-07
Ask Holy See To Exhibit
Al World Fair Al New York

Eminence Domenico Cardinal
Tardini, Vatican Secretary of
State. The invitation was taken
Tardina, Vatican Secretary OF
last of State.
The Holy See was represent
ed by a special pavilion of its
own at the Brussels Worlds
Fair in 1858.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-10-07

in religious orders or congre-
cations were something entire
~ unknown. Those who saw
them on duty, and especially
all who benefited from their
tender care, never again you'd
listen to any calumny direct
ed against these dedicated
women.
ESPECIALLY AT cETTYS-
BURG did the Sisters win
the title, the angels
of the Battlefield" From
nearby Emmitsburg Sisters of
Charity were taken in wagons
over muddy roads to care for
the fifty thousand killed and
wounded on both sides. One
unforgettable scene was Sis
ter Petronilla Breen sitting
on a shattered tree stump
making congresses from
strips of material she had
torn from garments of her
own which she had brought.
William Tecumseh Sherman
was not beloved in the South
after his march through Geor-
gia. But Sisters at Charleston
found him both gracious and
understanding when they
sought to take their orphan
charges from that besieged
city. No doubt remembering
his own Catholic wife, Sher-
man appointed a military es-
cort for the Sisters and the
little children. Later the I'm
ion General visited the Re-
ligious and their pupils.
IN 1914 THE LADIES' AUX
Hilary of the Ancient Order
of Hibernians spetitioned for
a monument in the national
capital to the Sisters who serv-
ed during the Civil War. Ten
years were spent in gather
ing authentic data. The offic-
ial records revealed that more
than 600 Sisters had been en-
rolled in service, plus many
unrecorded volunteers. The
monument to the "Nuns of
the Battlefield" was unveiled
in Washington on September
20, 1924. 1t stands today oppo-
site the entrance to st. Matt
hew's Cathedral as the ma
tons tribute to these devoted
women.
Dreary days again would
come to the Church in Amer
lea, but there would be no
basis for criticism of Catholic
loyalty. The patriotism of the
faithful had met the supreme
test in battle and proved true
and u%nyielding. Again the
God of peace had drawn good
out of war.
NEXT WEEK: Bigofry in
High Places During Recon-
s~truetion Period.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-10-07
God Love You
Difference In
affection and Love

81 have come to such a helpless plight that l
have not even money, to buy rice-our daily food
thrice a day for myself, for my many orphans and desti-
tute dependents. I've already no less than $500 of debts
with the rice merchant alone; and unless | pay him
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-10-07

GIVE ONCE FOR
all is the 1860 United Appeal
Campaign slogan.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-10-07

something, he'll not give me
rice any more! What am I to
do?"
IN THE FACE of this and
similar crying needs of the
Church in Mission lands, one
cannot help but recall the sol
diers of Gedeon who in the
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-10-07
DELAWARE e sy'Da

Want something's Something
to sell. Use the Classifieds.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-10-07

Want something? Something
to sell. Use the Classifieds.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-10-07
MISSION SUNDAY
is COMING

soldiers in His Army; 9,700
out of 10000 may take the
way of comfort, but how CRATE
full We would be to the Lord,
if 300 out of every 10000
readers made a sacrifice of a
dime a week for the Holy Fa-
Their and the Missionary Army
of the Lord.
You will? God Love You!
Remember when you give to
the Society for the Propaga-
ton of the Faith your sacri-
flee goes to the Holy Father,
who distributes it equally
among the needy and unfor-
tunate of the world.
LOOK THROUGH THIS
LIST: Bracelets, cuff links,
earrings, locketS, lOuge pinSs
necklaces, precious stones,
watches, r%ings-any old gold
that you would like to put into
the treasury of the Missions.
Remember, "Where thy treas
ure is, there also will be thy
heart" Lay down your treas
ures for the Missions and "lay
up for yourselves treasure in
heaven"
Cut out this column, pin
your sacrifice to it and mail
it to Most Rev. Fulton J.
Sheen, National Director of
the Society for the Propaga-
tion of the Faith, 366 Fifth
Avenue, New York, NY. or
your Diocesan Director, Msgr.
James Kulp, 246 East Town
Street, Columbus Is, Ohio.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-10-07

Always read the Classifieds.
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-10-07
Pope Receives
Crosby. Farley

VATICAN CITY, Radio,
NCeHis Holiness Pope John
XIII has received in audi
ence Bing Crosby, singer and
movie star, and James Farley,
former US. Postmaster Gen.
arel under President Frank
lin D. Roosevelt.
Jackson advocate., 1960-12-31

Mr.. Hammarskjold, however
seemed to feel that there was
also a threat that the Western
backed regime of President Kasa-
vubu and Col. Joseph Mobutu
would seek to crush its rival.
If the UN had to pull out, he
warned, there would be "funda-
mental change in the position of
parties in the country who may
have felt that they could play it
safely in the shadow of the or
ganization." Observers believed
this was a reference to Leopold
vile.
Mr.. Hammarskjold has proposed
four-point course of action which
would involve: (A) national re-
cancellations; OBJ restoration of
Parliament CO. taking the Army
out of politics; and CD the "break-
ing" of "secessionist tendencies"
The pending Western resolu-
tion goes part of the way toward
some of these objectives. The pro-
Lumumba resolution adopts (B)
and CO. as its own, but proposes
drastic methods and also seeks
other detectives that would not
be likely to lead to national rel
conciliation.
Jackson advocate., 1960-12-31
IndiciduaI..,

Continued from Page One)
three areas of current tension in
which citizens can make their in
fluence felt: civil rights for Ne
groes, separation of church and
state, and the House Un-American
Activities Committee.
Endorsing the Negro lunch
counter "sit-ins" and other legal
measures being used to win equal
ity, Malin wrote that people "could
privately do a lot more than they
are now doing" to hasten the end
of racial discrimination, without
waiting for governmental action" I"
But in any case, he emphasized,
what federal, state, and municipal
governments do will be determined
by the pressure exerted on them
by the people.
In the same manner, Malin OBJ
served, citizens play key role
in the separation of church and
state area. &c. they can, and
often do, nullify (this principle)
by the pressure they bring to bear
on their officials. In the last
analysis and day by day in host
Of specific decisions (most espec-
tally in regard to education), it
is by the people that it will be de-
cided whether promotion Of, or op-
position to, any form of religion or
non-religion or anti-religion, is tc
be entirely private matter-with
no resort to governmental action
even for what they privately want
in regard to religion"
Repeating the ACLU's convic-
ton that the House Un-American
Activities Committee should be
abolished, Malin said this serpent
in our demi-paradise of free dem
ocratic government and a free So
ciety can be scotched only by the
people, through their representa-
tives."
Jackson advocate., 1960-12-31
Negro Women /. =.
Continued from Page One)

smoothly and without incident.
Two Negro women are now
working full-time as sales clerks
in Macy's downtown store and at
a Woolworth variety store. A Ne
gro woman who has worked as
matron for more than a year is
now filling in part-time as a sales
clerk in the horticulture depart
ment.
Working at Macy's are Mrs. Es-
ther Stroud and Mrs. Ruby DAN
iels. Both are assigned to the
basement store. Mrs. Stroud IN
boys and mems wear, and Mrs.
Daniels in home furnishings. Each
has been selling about three weeks.
Everett Orr, personnel manager
at Macy's, said the women had
been accepted by the public and
other employees without comment.
Mrs. Lola Church, personne!
manager at Woolworth reported
the upgrading of Mrs. Lillian Rob
insOn to part time sales work,
making it apparent that the tran
sition had gone smoothly.
Kresge's employed two Nero
sales clerks several weeks ago.
Jackson advocate., 1960-12-31

ing.
It was in anticipation Of such
a deadlock that Mr.. Hammar-
skiold spoke out anxiously Dec.
10. What should he do, he asked,
if civil war on a scale and on
the pattern Of the Spanish con-
flict of the 1930s were to break
out?
Analyzing the possibilities, he
ruled out "passivity", interposi-
ton, and the taking of sides. 1t
would be "untenable" simply to
stand by, he said: To come be-
tween the conbatants would sore
ly tax the UN's capacity, and
moreover would inevitably seem
to involve the UN on one side
or the other; and deliberately to
take sides obviously would be
impermissible.'
The only alternative left would
be to withdraw, he said. Every
effort naturally would be made
to forestall such a necessity, he
stated, but it could "easily" prove
unavoidable if there were "irre-
sponsible moves, nationally or in
ternationally."
Two rival Congoleses govern
ments, one in Leopoldville and
the other in Stanleyville, claim to
rule the country. The Leopold
vile government is backed by Bel
gium, France, and the United
States, the one in Stanleyville by
the Soviet Union.
The United States charged for
mally Dec. II that the Soviet Un-
ion wants a civil war" in the
Congo. Every aspect of Soviet
policy is designed either to weak
en- and divide, or to gain power
in the Congo for those who will
do the will of Moscow" James
J. Wadsworth, United States Rep
resentative, declared.
Hammarskjold Plan
Jackson advocate., 1960-12-31
Saw Civil
Continued from Page One)

Continued from Page One)
weary Assembly finally went home
to bed.
Afro-Asian supporters of for
mer Premier Patrice Lumumba
are attempting to pressure Mr..
Hammarskjold into using the UN
army to rescue him from Jail. TIE
Secretary General insists that UN
initiative in the use of force for
this or any other purpose would
be illegal. Mr.. Lumumba's cham
pions reply, in effect, that the
borders of legality are as flex-
ible as one choose to interpret
them as being.
Western delegations are seeking
to counteract the pro-Lumumba
pressure. They propose that Mr.,
Hammarskjold be instructed to
continue his present course of ac-
ton, with minor notifications. No
special authority to deal with the
threat of civil war is envisaged.
Each side has offered a reso-
luton, but there is no assurance
and indeed little likelihood, that
either will get two-thirds back
Jackson advocate., 1960-12-31

Africa in 1867.
He served as a major in World
War IL. His search for private
employment has taken him to 20
business and industrial concerns
in the Middle East and East dur
ing the last year.
"But the story was always the
same," he said today. "They all
admit you have brains and ability
and if it were not for your color:
there would not be any barriers
to hurdle in the business world"
Mr.. Morrow said he was de-
termined to hold out as long as
possible against taking any en-
ployment-no matter how lucrative
that would admit him to dealing
with other Negroes.
when you spend a lifetime
crashing the jungle of racial bar
riers and you achieve this kind of
job, it's very dismaying to have
to go back to the Jungle" he said,
Jackson advocate., 1960-12-31

and continued:
Having made this break of
being a complete American and
doing a job that any American
can do, / don't want to be in a
position of restricted activity
among a restricted segment Of the
American people"
He did not state his views be-
cause he felt sorry for himself:
Mr.. Morrow said, but because it's
a story that ought to be told"
"I'm a symbol Of 10000, 900
people," he continued. "And I'm
thinking about what it will do to
them as well as what it does to
me-"
The White House aide recalled
that his family had long been in
the forefront Of the fight for
racial equality and that his sister
was the first Negro teacher in New
Jersey. The family home was in
Hackensack.
Jackson advocate., 1960-12-31
EiisenhoWer...
Continued from Page One)

Continued from rage One)
years, said his only offers Of pri-
vate employment after Jan. 20
were of nature that "would con-
fine me to working with the Ne
gro community"
One such offer, from a Wall
Street brokerage firm, would have
doubled his present salary Of $751;
600 a year, he said.
$50 it's not just a matter of
money" said the 51-year-old law
yer, a graduate of Rutgers Uni
versity Law School. at still shocks
a great many captains of indus
try when a Negro seeks a job on
the executive level even though he
dealt with them directly as part
of his official White House as
signment," he said.
Mr.. Morrow has been the Pres
ident's Administrative Assistant
in Charge of Special Projects. A
brother of DR.. John H. Morrow
American Ambassador to Guinea
he accompanied Vice President
Nixon on his tour of Europe and
Jackson advocate., 1960-12-31
beIfonte

Continued from Page One)
out. We will net more than $1.9
million on the basis of tickets al
ready sold :"
Others joining Cole, Davis and
Belafonte on the star-studded
show are Tony Curtis and Janet
Leigh, Shirley MacLaine, Milton
Berle and Dean Martin. r
Jackson advocate., 1960-12-31
FBI In...

Continued from Page One)
Memphis.
1t was reported that the FBI
Agents had difficulty with the car
in Memphis traffic and did not
witness the actual loading of the
dynamite.
Arizona sun., 1960-10-27
&oRAecR)0Is
OPINION

Mound, Mimi, Pilot: 1.-THE pos!
office department has been send
ing some first class mail by All
on an experimental basis. . y
recent request by the department.
toSgreatly expand the experiment
met with a storm of criticism
from the House of Representatives
and resulted in passage by the
House of bill (the Cunningham
bilD which would prohibit the
carrying of any mail by air (excep
to Hawaii. and Alaska) which does
not bear the air mail stamp. e.
As Representative Cunningham
states, it will terminate special
service that is unfair to regula
users of air mail and economically
unsound for the post office.
From the standpoint of practi
cal and good common sense. w
agree with the proposed bill, to
require that only airmail paid for
as such and bearing the premium
airmail postage rate, be accepted
for transportation by air.
Klamath Falls, Ore, Herald and
News: THE postwar economic re-
covery of West Germany is not a
new story The new thing today is
that country's emergence as the
second biggest, economically, in
the. entire free world. In an
age when America and some others
seem captivated by a mood of
ease, comfort, convenience and
.fun,- the lesson of West Germany
is clear. There is still no substi-
tute for hard work"
Bedford, Ind, Daily TimeS-Mail
Whatever shape our society is
in today, the government is largely
responsible. If the responsibility
really lies there, the cure would
seem to be to reverse the trend
OF the last couple OF decades which
which has been to more govern
ment responsibility and a result
ing decline in local and individual
responsibility"
Wytheville, Va, Enterprise:
There are far more conservatives
in the country than many politi-
clans realize, or, will admit. The
weakness of the conservatives lies
in lack of organization and ag
gressiveness."
Altoona, Pa, Mirror: Home
grown things are usually the best
says a writer. If he's talking about
children we agree.
Arizona sun., 1960-10-27
1850 Membership
Shows Banner Year

NEW YORK Surveys com
piled this week indicate 1860 Ma
ACP membership may touch the
400, 200 mark.
Lucille Black, NAACP member
hip secretary, reports the Asso-
,iat;on's current membership IL
cure at $4,000 with two months
heavy fall renew campaigns
left.
1--WE are encouraged by the re-
sponse of small rural branches
who are supporting the Associa-
ion despite the seasonal nature OF
heir incomes, Miss Black said
Major NAACP membership
lrives are underway in Jackson
Vile, Fla, 5000; Chicago, 25,oOo'
Louisville, KY, 5000; Frankfort
KY, $500; Baltimore, $4,000 anc
Cleveland, $1,000.
Also Houston, 5000, Milwaukee
B 500 and Camden, N. j., 1000
Renewal drives are also being
|carried on in Calf, Conn, Fla,
III. Ind, Iowa, KY, Md, Mass
Mimi. Mich, Mo-, Ohio, P a.
Tex Utah, Va, and Wise.
NAACP total membership last
wear was 34l, 900.