davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-01-08

ILC SON4itA tNW0A0 0R5ANtN
government control. His chief
instrument is a Marxist-orient-
ed army which carries out
land reform and other strin-
gent measures, represses all
real or suspected opposition,
and runs the courts.
1T WAS NOT that way at
the beginning. In the cabinet
and other top government
posts there were men of ex-
perience and trust, many of
them with technical training
for their jobs.
Today the main architects
of Premier Castro'S policies
are extreme leftists like Raul
Castro and Ernesto Guevara,
Antonio Jimenez and Carlos
Tranquil, as well as such
known communists as Carlos
Rafael Rodriguez and Juan
Marinello.
VITAL POSTS are in the
hands of their trusted follow
ers avowed communists
or Marxists. This group con-
trolls Cuba's defense, public
works, land reform, agricul-
ture, banking and propaganda.
Education - in the hands of
freethinkers - shows the
same socialist trend.
Earlier, important functions
were in the hands of civilians.
Now they are in the hands
of persons under military
oath, with no constitutional
guarantees to protect the citl-
zens against their might.
Cubans who sincerely sup
ported the Castro revolution
in the hope that it would
bring badly needed reforms
are today frustrated. They
see the benefits of the revo-
luton slipping away as the
regime moves further to the
left, while at the same time
they fear the revenge and re-
dictionary policies that a sue
cessfuI counterrev o
might bring.
I'M ITS FIRST months the
Castro regime achieved many
worthwhile reforms and much
social progress. Patri tbs
was reborn after decades of
indifference. The nation gain
ed a new social conscience.
Public officials worked with
honesty and dedication, bent
on serving the nation.
A sense of national sover-
eighty and dignity grew as
vested interests, both foreign
and domestic, were denied
their previous excessive prof
its and were frustrated in
their hope of bribing govern
ment officials.
THE coNSTRUc Of
bridges, roads, low cost hous-
ing, schools and other public
works was undertaken in
many parts of the country. Eff
forts were made to train
more teachers and to bring
education to rural areas.
Farmers we're given seeds,
machinery and advice on in
creasing food production,
THE TAX structure was re-
formed and the government
began working on Cuba's
first public budget. Previous
regimes kept finances secret.
A civil service system be-
gan to form.
Some social laws, like the
one reforming rents, brought
relief to the poor.
Today, however, as unrest
and confusion grow, an eco
nomic crisis is brewing. I'm
employment grows, and with
it discomfort and hunger.
Crisis conditions have gain
ed impetus since November,
when the regime, having elm
mated all political moderates
from positions of influence,
began drifting faster and fur
Their to the left.
THE UGLIEsT FEATURE
of life in Cuba today is the
violation of human rights and
the use of totalitarian meth
DDS. The land reform has been
turned into an instrument for
confiscation, harassment and
theft. The hated network of
informers has returned. Any
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-01-08

SCHOOLS
81. Mary, Marion;
ST. Anthony, Kenfon
ST. Mary, chiIIicothe
ST. Peter, chiIIieo-
the
st. Joseph, Circle.
vile
SIS. Peter and Paul,
WelIsfon
Holy R%edeemer,
Portsmouth
ST. Mary, Ports.
mouth
Immaculate Coneep-
tion, Dennison
Sacred Heart, Co.'S
hocfon
ST. Joseph, Dover
Sacred Heart, New
Philadelphia
ST. Nicholas, zanes.
vile
St. Thomas, lanes
vile
ST. Francis de Sales,
Newark
Blessed Sacrament,
Newark
ST. Vincent de Paul,
Mi. Vernon
ST. Aloysius Aea.
denny, New Lex.
Holy Trinity, Somer-
SET
St. Rose, New Lex.
81. Bernard, Corn.
ing
St. Mary, Lancaster
81. John, Logan
Corpus Christi
Holy Family
Holy Spirit
ST.. Cafharine
ST. Gabriel
ST. Ladislas
ST. Agnes
St. Joseph Academy
Christ the King
Holy Gross
Holy Rosary
ST. AIoysivs
81. Dominic
ST. John
ST. Thomas
ST. Mary
LONDON, St. Pat.
rick
DELAWARE, St.
Mary
Our Lady Of Peace
Sacred Heart
ST. Andrew
St Christopher
81 James
st. Peter
St. Matthias
ST. Leo
immaculate coneep-
tion
Our Lady of Victory
st. Agatha
ST. Augustine
st. Francis
ST. Michael
Holy Name
81. Mary MasdaIene
The Catholic times. [volume] (Columbus, Ohio) 1951-current, 1960-01-08

Women chatter-boxing.
Catholic Digest-January
Evening star., 1960-04-19

Stores. offices may need the larger
capacity of this free-standing TRANB
Self Contained Climate Changsv.
Trim, compact, quiet, it may be in
stalled with or without ductwork.
Complete size range from 8 to so tons.
Prominent Washington. Q C. Build.
Inss Cooled by Tran0 Equipments
US Chamber Of Commerce, Dorchester
Apts., Georgetown University Hospital. Ths
Hecht Company. Marriott Motor Motel, RCA
Building, Sheraton Park Hotel, WoodnsC AptG.
Evening star., 1960-04-19
BY the Associated Press

Secretary Of State Herter
today invited Korean Ambas-
sador You Chan Yang to call
on him late this afternoon,
obviously for a discussion of
the public disturbances in
Seoul and other Korean cities.
The summons was a sign of
the deep concern with which
officials here view the outbreak
in which President Syngman
Rhee has imposed martial law
and local censorship to cope
with demonstrations against
his regime. - .-.
There was no immediate
change. however, in plans for
President Eisenhower to make
a one-day visit to Korea June
% during his Russian-Asiatic
travels. Authorities here said
it is too early to speculate on
what effect the wave of un-
rest might have on the Presi-
dents schedule.
At Augusta, Ca, Mr.. Eisen-
hover was being kept up to
date on conditions in Korea.
Evening star., 1960-04-19

Separate cooling systsm-not con-
nected with your heating-with this
compact Climate Changer. Tucks
away in attic, basement, utility room,
closet. Cools entire home! Matched
refrigeration unit located outside.
Evening star., 1960-04-19
Riots Raising Question
OfU.S. 'sKoreons

Would they stay in their Ameri-
can divisions? Or would they
desert to fight either for or
against the government?
If they left, the American lst
and 7th divisions would disinte-
crate. The pieces put together
again would make q mighty
small fighting force.
After the North Koreans Of
fered help to rebels" the ques-
tion of the Katusas loyalty to
America became a real one.
Without them, there would be
too few Americans in Korea to
stop an invasion from the
north without use Of nuclear
weapons.
There are $4,000 American
soldiers in Korea. mostly non
| fighting men. There are mill
tary advisers to the Koreans,
a United Nations command
and Army corps and division
headquarters.
There are two fighting di-
visions, with a total of $4,000
men each, almost half Katusas.
Americans fill the higher
echelon jobs. Katusas carry
the guns.
South Korea has a $50, ,0G1-
man armed force. in addition
to the men assigned to the
American divisions. The South
Evening star., 1960-04-19
Korean Envoy Invited
To Talk With Herter

Wayne Hawks, acting press
secretary at Mr.. Eisenhower's
vacation headquarters, was
asked whether the President
~ "ating briefings on the situa-
tion. e-.'','ss ..- a.'~ zt~
"Oh, yes. sure" Mr.. Hawks
replied. "he gets reports from
all over the world. every day."
AS to whether Mr.. Eisen-
hover might have to consider
canceIing his Korean visit, Mr..
Hawks said that I'm not going
to comment on that now"
Humanitarian concerns are
not the only reason for official
concern here and a desire for
a speedy end to the Korean
violence.
/ The United States is anxious
to have democracy, law and or
der, and peaceful solutions Of
grievances in its Asiatic ally.
1t also feels that any weak
ening within the South Korean
Republic makes it that much
more vulnerable to Communists
poised north Of the 3Sth
Parallel.
Evening star., 1960-04-19
BY RICHARD FRYKLUND
star STAFF writer


The demonstration in Korea
agaiH@s SgnGman Rhee may
force a long-feared test Of the
system under which South Ko-
rean soldiers serve in the United
States Army there. .,-
So far these South Korean
troops-known as Katusas-
have stayed at their posts, ac-
cording to word received by the
Pentagon.
Katusa (Korean Augmenta-
ton to the United States Army
soldiers are Koreans assigned
by the Republic of Korea to I'LL
vacancies in the two American
divisions there. The vacancies
are so numerous that about rs
per cent Of the lower level fight
ing units are made up Of Ko-
reans-willing and well-trained
soldiers. but without a basic
loyalty to the United States.
Katusas . Question
Since the internal troubles
Of Korea began to mount dur
ing the election campaign,
American officers in Korea
have wondered what the Katu-
sas would do if South Korea
were plunged into civil war
Evening star., 1960-04-19

one of the 20 on-site inspec-
tions o year would be only an
seeident," he said.
DR.. Harold Brown. a member
ef two American hnic !
groups which have discussed
the test ban with Soviet scien-
fists, gave his extremely pesSi-
nistic view at the opening ses-
sion Of a three-day hearing on
nuclear test detection today.
Cheating Is Key Point
The lsO-station control net.
work envisioned by Britain.
Russia and the United States
theoretically could locate an
underground explosion within
an area of 100 to 400 square
miles, DR.. Brown estimated.
The specialist from the Law
renee Radiation Laboratory in
Livermore, Calf, later told a
reporter weapons development
could be advanced a great deal
by underground cheating.
( "If q violator can cheat with
explosions UP to / kiloton,
DR.. Brown said, "he can do all
the tactical work necessary for
small nuclear weapons. If he
san cheat up to 20 or 80 kilo-
Evening star., 1960-04-19

tons he can do a lot, but not
all, he probably would want to
do in developing strategic
weapons.
Defense officials repeatedly
would prefer to resume nuclear
testing to develop both tactical
weapons for battlefield and
anti-aircraft use and strategic
weapons for more efficient var
heads on long-range missiles.
Mufling Stressed
Special mufiling techniques
theoretically could conceal un-
derground nuclear shots up to
100 kilotons. Most one-kiloton
shots would be lost in ordinary
background noise, seiSmologists
believe.
The United States and Great
Britain recently offered to join
the Soviet Union in a treaty
banning all tests above ground
and under water and those
stronger than 20 kilotons un-
derground and a short-term
moratorium on other tests If
the Soviet Union would partici-
pate in joint research program
to improve detection methods.
Evening star., 1960-04-19
De GouIIe, Diefenboker
Review Summit Issues

I, OTTAWA, Canada, April 19
ZAP French Preside n t
Charles de Gaulle and Canadian
Prime Minister John G. DEF
enbaker met privately today to
review problems which will
come before the May Is sum-
NIT conference in Paris.
The two leaders conferred at
Government House. where the
B9-year-old French leader is
staying during his Ottawa visit.
They planned a second meeting
later in the day.
One Of the issues before
them, in addition to the sum-
nit, was Canada's strong in
sistence on full consultation
among members Of the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization
before vital decisions are taken.
Gen. de Gaulle and his wife
arrived In the Canadian Cap
ital from Paris last night, be-
ginning a 17-day visit to Can
ada, the United States and
French Caribbean territories.
The tour is partly social, but
both Gen, de Gaulle and Mr..
Diefenbaker stressed the i'm
portance Of consultations in
the present world situation.
Gen. de Gaulle described his
visit to Canada as a link in
"a chain between free peoples
which began with his recent
trip to Britain and, win be con-
cluded with his talks with Presi-
dent Eisenhower. 81
Close Relationship Stressed
The Canadian Prime Min
lister said Gen. de Gaulle's
visit gives expression to the
close relationship which has
developed between members of
the North Atlantic community,
and to the never-end1ng need
for continued cooperation with
full consultation among the
Evening star., 1960-04-19

Korean Army is considered to
be the equal in fighting power
to about six American divisions.
The North Koreans have a
$50, 900 man armed force
which. because of the way in
which 1t is organized, is roughly
Evening star., 1960-04-19

members of NATO. IN matters
which affect not only the vital
interests Of the Western world,
but of freedom itself in the
world"
Also taking part in the talks
are the Foreign Ministers of
the two countries - Maurice
Cuove de Murville of France
and Howard Green Of Canada;
Francis Lacoste, French Am
baSsador to Canada, and Pierre
Dupuy, Canadian Ambassador
to France.
The talks were expected to
cover the whole range of inter-
national problems, with special
attention to disarmament and
the suspension of nuclear tests.
in which Canada has a major
interest.
These are the only high-level
conversations scheduled for
Gen. de Gaulle's four-day Cana
dian visit. He will leave Ottawa
tomorrow morning for brief
stops in Quebec, Montreal and
Toronto before going on to
Washington on Friday.
LaudS Canada
The first major speech Of the
French Presidents tour was
scheduled for a luncheon today
given in his honor by Mr.. Dif. {.
fenbaker. He spoke briefly at
the airport last night after his
arrival and later offered a toast
at q dinner given by Governor
General Georges P. vanier.
At the airport he and Mr..
Diefenbaker exchanged warm
greetings Of two allies who had
foug hit side-by-side in two
world wars and were collabo-
rating In peace.
Gen. de Gaulle called Canada
strong and vigorous" Mr.. Die
fenbaker described the French
President as a living Legend
"the architect and symbol Of q
vibrant France"
Evening star., 1960-04-19
Acc Group Warned
Secret Blasts Possible
BY EARL II. VOSS
star stan Writer

would be nearly impossible to locate an underground
nuclear blast fired violation of test ban the
Senate House Atomic Energy Committee warned today
Any nation determined to cheat test ban could make
the probability detection very close zero" Of the
testified Catching cheater during
Evening star., 1960-04-19

the equivalent Of six Ameri-
can divisions. The Chinese
Communists have left the
equivalent of another six
Evening star., 1960-04-19

American divisions on the Dor.
der Of North Korea. presum-
ably available for O march
south.
Evening star., 1960-04-19
100 Tibetans Barred

Authorities forbade 100 tt
betans from coming to New
Delhi from the border town of
Kalimpong to protest against
the Nehru-Chou meeting.
Other anti-C Chinese groups
will have virtually no chance to
demonstrate against the Chou
visit. Police kept them away
from routes taken by the visi-
tor.
Sources close to the Red Chi
nese suggested q part of the
frontier might be agreed on
and the rest turned over to a
commission for future study.
This is the formula Red China
Is using TO settle q border dis
'pute with Burma.
Pressured by Parliament and
the people not to give in to
Mr.. Chou's claims, Mr.. Nehru
appears determined to stand
fast. He has warned the ma
ton to be prepared for years
OF border tension.
Evening star., 1960-04-19
China 'sActions.
Shock toIndia.

NEW DELHI, April 10 (AP)
Chou En-lai arrived today and
was promptly told by Prime
Minister Nehru that Red China's S
border actions "have been q
shock to all our people"
Our relations have been i'm
periled for the present and fu-
ture." he told the visiting Red
China Premier.
Mr.. Chou, grim-faced. had
voiced hope that the Chinese
Indian border dispute could be
settled Gin accordance with the
principles of co-existence."
Mr.. Nehru smiled as he made
his statement-but his words
we're tough and sharp.
Near the Indian presidential
palace, where Mr.. Chou will
stay, 10 demonstrators who
sought to protest with black
flags we're locked up for an
imminent breach of the peace. +"
Unpopular Visitor
Mr.. Chou arrived by plane
from Rangoon for talks with
Mr.. Nehru on $1,000 square
miles of disputed territory
along the Indian-Tibetan bor-
der. The Chinese provoked the
border crisis, and Mr.. Chou is
one of the most unpopular Wis
itors in recent Indian history.
An agreement appears unlikely
to result from the talks.
Mr.. Nehru headed only a
handful of cabinet members
and other officials were invited
to greet Mr.. Chou at the air
port. Security guards were
posted all along the route from
the airport to the city, but
there were virtually no spec.
tators.
President Rajendra Prasat
boycotted the arrival ceremony
Mr.. Chou, not being the chiei
of the Chinese state, protoco
did not require Mr.. Prasad'.
presence.
Mr.. Nehru was certain to put
up tough resistance to the
suave Chinese leaders claim.
to the remote territories on the
India-T border. Red China
now occupies 10000 square
miles, India the rest.
There was no enthusiasm II
the Indian capital for Mr.
Chou. fresh from a good will
stop in Burma.
People seem to await with
a sullen resignation and sub.
dued pessimism," said one tor
official.
Jackson advocate., 1960-03-26
Civil Rights
Continued from Page One)

annual UNCF Convocation, eacf
held in a different city. The go
member-college presidents, volun-
teer campaign workers from all
parts of the country and UNCF
national officers will attend.
The three-day event provides an
opportunity for exchange of ideas
and planning of the campaign. The
Conv ocation marks the opening of
the nationwide 1860 College Fund
appeal.
The Governor of Colorado Steph-
en- L. R. McNichols and Denver
Mayor Richard Y. Batterton will
welcome the presidents and dele
gates Friday morning.
Stanley C. Hope, chairman of
the board, National Association of
Manufacturers, and chairman, Col
lege Fund Board of Directors, will
be the principal speaker at Cham
Der of Commerce luncheon, Friday
noon.
Sharing the platform with Dr..
Hannah at Sundays meeting will
be Rufus E. Clement, president,
Atlanta University, and member of
Atlanta's Board of Education.
Other major speakers scheduled
are Benjamin E. Mays, president
of the College Fund, and presi-
dent, Morehouse College (Atlan-
ta), and Rufus P. Perry, presi-
dent, johnson C. Smith University
Charlotte, N. c.. Morehouse,
Johnson C. Smith and Atlanta Uni.
versity are among the 33 UNCF
members.
A special live one-hour television
program will be aired by Denver's
Station KLZ Friday afternoon. The
show will feature a panel discus
sion with .member-college presi-
dents and music by UNCFs Dill
lard University (New Orleans)
choir.
Saturday evening UNCF alumni
cf the Rocky Mountain area will
honor the presidents with recep-
ton and dinner. Sunday morning
the presidents will be guest speak
ers in Denver's leading Protestant
churches.
Heading the Denver Convocation
committee is Robert L. Stearns,
former president of the University
of Colorado. Presidents of 18
Rocky Mountain region colleges
and universities, businessmen ani
industrialists are assisting.
Arthur L. Baldwin, senior part
ner in the Denver accounting firm,
Baldwin, Chiarpini, Kring & Tiet-
re, is handling arrangements for
the Chamber of Commerce lunch
con. He heads the 1860 UNCF ap-
peal in the Rocky Mountain re-
Jackson advocate., 1960-03-26

Walker, Miss Mae Ella Washing
ton, Mrs. B. L. Jacobs, Miss Red
Jean Rogers, Miss Carolyn Henry,
went to Laurel, Mississippi last
Friday to hear Leontyne Price
in full evening musical at Oak
Park High School, where she sang
and gave her church the sum of
$3,OOO.OO, which was presented to
her by her pastor, Rev. T. E. Davis.
Miss Price has long been a men,
Der of the st. Paul Methodist
Church, which is being rebuilt now.
Her donation went to the Building
Fund.
Jackson advocate., 1960-03-26
Us. Negroes -.
Continued from Page One)


Ear'y in the battle against segre-
CATION, Archbishop O'Boyle cf
Washington, DC. and Archbisn ID
Ritter of St. Louis demanded m
tegrs ted Catholic schools through
out their archidoceses.
In New Orleans, Archbishop
Run.mel drew a storm of pro .st
for his stand against segregatit L.
He condemned it as morally wrong
and sinful" because it denies "the
unity of the human race as concei ?
ed by God" and it violates the dic-
tate: of justice and the mandate
of love.
In 1858, the Catholic Bishops IF
the United States made discrimi':e
ton against Negroes the subject
of their annual joint statemcn.
"Our Christian faith is of its III.
ture universal. 1t knows not the
distinctions of race, color or nat'cn-
hood" In the letter, the Bisho :, (;
seated unequivocally that enfor"ed
segregation could not be reconcil-
ed with the Christian view because
by its very nature it imposes a
stigma of inferiority and because
in fact it has led to the denial ri
basic human rights for the Ne
gro.
In South Africa, likewise, Cath
olic Bishops have opposed the'r
Jackson advocate., 1960-03-26
US. Makes 80.
CONTINUED from Page One)

war battlefield, bodies lay mangled
and sprawled all around. A Jo-
hannesburg news photographer
commented: l took pictures of more
bloodshed than / have ever before
seen in South Africa.
Rioting erupted again Tuesday
when natives burned buildings near
Cape Town and stoned firemen who
fought the blazes. Police fired on
the mobs for the second day in a
row.
New casualty figures were COM
ing in, but there was no firm esti-
mate of how far they would rise
above Mondays toll of at least 66
dead. This is a police figure ad-
mittedly incomplete.
There were also several hundred
injured.
None of the reports mentioned
any whites killed in the outbreaks
that erupted during what had been
planned as a non-violent protest
against the passes Negroes must
carry day and night.
During the night, Negroes in
Langa set fire to at least eight
buildings including churches; the
library, a recreation hall, a recep-
tion center, an office building and
Negro settlement workshops. Street
lights were smashed.
The battle between the police and
the mobs was waged by the light
of the fires and the piercing beams
of searchlights.
Reports of rioting also came
from Nyanga West, another Negro
settlement near Cape Town. Police
Jackson advocate., 1960-03-26

fired on Africans who tried to
set fire to an electrical department
building, the reports said.
Negroes in Langa and Sharpe
vile also resorted to labor pres
sure-a potentially potent weapon
in this nation where 10 million Ne
groes provide the low-cost labor
base for three million whites.
In Sharpeville, Negro sit-down
strikers were reported trying to
keep others from going to work
In Langa, a police official charged
that Negroes wanting to go to
their jobs "have been intimidated
by terrorists."
Defying police, Negroes also
chalked slogans on walls.
Freedom" minimum wage and
equal pay for equal work" and
"Down with passes," the slogans
said.
The Pan-Americanist party, a
militant offshoot of the dominant
Negro African National party
sponsored the antipass campaigns
The passes are detested by the Ne
groes as a symbol of the govern
ment's strict racial segregation
apartheid - laws, which bar Ne
groes from many jobs, force them
to live in special areas, impose
curfews and outline numerous
other restrictions.
The Pan-American group had
called for a passive resistance
campaign, urging Negroes to leave
their passes at home and invite
arrest. The idea was to fill the
jails to overflowing. But police
would arrest only the ring-leaders
Jackson advocate., 1960-03-26

governments policy of segregation.
Their opposition cost them govern
men. support for Catholic sch % ;
and has necessitated the closing IF
"a schools.
A Washington, D. C. press re-
lease recently gave the latest fi:-
ures on Negro Catholics in The
United States. The figures indics e.
a g.'cwth of 551t over the past
decade from $4,000 in 1850 20
615, 1000 today. The increase includes
an csr;mated 100000 converts.
Jackson advocate., 1960-03-26
CONTINUED from Page One)

mines. Half will be a gift and
half low interest loan for ten
to fifteen years.
1t is estimated that the money
will enable the Northern Rhodesian
Government to provide six years
of primary education for all Afri-
can children in the copper belt.
About 55 per cent of the Afri-
can children of primary school age
in Northern Rhodesia attend
school. Because of population
growth, it was feared the percent
age would decline unless school
facilities were increased.
Part of the fund will be used
for teacher training and part to
provide intermediate and secondary
school education for more Afri-
cans. Only l per cent of the Af-
rican children in Northern Rho
desia have a secondary school edu-
cation.