davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-06-08
Crockdown on Crooks

In upholding by 5to-3 decision
State laws barring convicted felons from
holding Office in waterfront unions, the
Supreme Court has struck a vital blow
at crooked unioniSm of the most Sordid
sort. At the same time, the court has
given impetus to efforts of legitimate
labor organizations to free themselves of
influences that have tended to bring
diScredit on organized labor in general
AS Justice Frankfurter, speaking for
the majority, aptly put it, the situation
on the New York and New Jersey water
fronts had attained "gangrenouS" pro-
portions before the two States cracked
down on the racketeering unionistS-
then in control of the international
LongShoremen'S Association. InveStiga-
tions by bi-State commission revealed
racketeering practices which had cost
ShipperS-and the public millions of
dollars. The system was really kind of
blackmail involving violence and de-
Struction of cargoes aimed at bringing
recalcitrants into line.
AS result of the exposures, the two
States passed similar laws designed to
rid the waterfront unions of criminals
not only at the leadership level but
among the rank and file. Only the ban
on eX-felonS as officers was at issue in
the case before the Supreme Court-but
Justice Frankfurter made it plain that
the right of the States to take effective
measures to clean up the unions was not
to be denied. The New York State law
was challenged by an ex-convict on the
grounds that Q) it was in conflict with
Federal labor laws assuring the right
of unions to choose their own officers
and (2) it deprived union officers of
their constitutional right to their liberty
and property without due process of law.
Both arguments were overruled Justice
Douglas, speaking for the three dissent
erS, cited previous Supreme Court rul-
ing of 1945 invalidating a Florida bar
against criminal officers in unions be-
cause it confiicted with Federal laws
governing union leadership. However,
Justice Frankfurter held that Congress
specifically had approved the New York
and New Jersey antifelon laws when it
upheld the compact between the two
States and later gave its express consent
to State legislation to make the COM
pact effective.
The courts decision is a notable
victory for the public, which has been
shocked by the infiltration of labor un-
ions by racketeers of various reprehen-
sible breeds.
Evening star., 1960-06-08
ROYAL Arbitrator

Argentina and Chile are drawing
upon happy experience in their
past relations in asking Britain's
Queen Elizabeth to arbitrate a dispute
involving sector of their southern
frontier. Once before, these two Latin
American neighbors turned to queen
in London for guidance in a similar
controversy. It was in 1896 that Queen
Victoria, Observation-Disclosures of
Elizabeth, consented to lend her good
Offices to nations half world away.
Four years later, the two diSputants
accepted the solution proposed by Vic
toria's tribunal and subsequently COM
memorated the settlement by erection
of the famous bronze Christ of the Andes
statue at the Upsallata Pass on the
peacefully agreed upon boundary.
Elizabeth has consented in this in
stance, and we have no doubt she will be
similarly successful. 1t is unfortunate
that solutions to all troubles between
nations are not sought through such
quietly sensible means.
Evening star., 1960-06-08

muniSt Premier Chou En-lai described
his mission at a big Peiping banquet.
In response, Monty promised to "lose no
time in making it quite clear that we
should all be friendly to the New China"
Fortunately, Monty is no response
bility of ours At times, the press of his
country has described him as muddled,
nischievous, irresponsible, restless, ego
tisticaL etc. BY his own admission,
Monty does not like "AmericanismS" in
speech, but after reading some of his
Peiping remarks it seems fitting to just
say nuts"
Evening star., 1960-06-08
Humane Experiments

Nearly all the dramatic break
throughs in surgery and chemotherapy
which have extended mans life span
in recent years have relied in some
measure on animal experimentation. Al
though thousands of laboratory animals
have been sacrificed in the course of
this research, no one can seriously con-
test its value and desirability. The least
man can do in return, however, is to
set standards which insure that none of
these dumb animals suffer needleSSly,
and that they receive humane care amid
decent surroundings.
These are the purposes of a bill
introduced by Senator Cooper of Ken
tucky and IL other members of the Sen
ate, and we would like to add our voice
to the support it has received from num-
erouS national organizations BaSically,
the bill would direct the Department of
Health, Education and Welfare to set up
licensing system for any animal ex-
perimentation employed by the recipi-
entS of Federal grants. In order to be
so licensed, researchers would be re-
quired to comply with specific condi-
tionS, primarily concerning the care
and comfort of the animals. For the
most part, the larger research institu-
tions already take adequate precautions,
but the limited instances of appalling
cruelty which have been disclosed JUS
tify governmental action.
AS to detailed provisions of the bill
Secretary Flemming is in the best posi-
tion to comment, and his advice should
be considered carefully. In general, how
ever, the spirit of the Cooper bill steers
a sensible middle course between the
extremes of those who would avoid any
scrutiny of their experimentation and
those who would abolish entirely the use
of animals in laboratories to save hu-
man lives.
Evening star., 1960-06-08
Freedom of Choice

One can hardly find words
to express his deep apprecia-
ton of the letter, entitled
Personal Opinion" written
by Betty Campbell. However,
recognizing the seriousness
and completely of the prob
lens facing all of us in the
United States now, one would
be inclined to depart at pre-
sent from expressing a per-
sonal opinion of eligibility
of any candidate for the
presidency, but rather en-
phasize the inherent human
right, representing the
greatest of the intrinsic val
ues Of life itself, entrusted
to us, and that is freedom
of choice. To preserve the
rights Of freedom, the great
question confronting all of
us is: Can we with a clear
conscience place our own ex-
istence before the well-being
of a nation?"
In a land granting us the
great benefits of a democ-
racy conceived Of a great
combination of both politi-
Evening star., 1960-06-08
The Long Arm of the KremIin
LETTERS TO THE STAR

cal and religious freedoms,
is it not a matter of cleans
ing our hearts to serve our
God in truth" and Of taking
the words of Abraham Lin
coin "of the people, by the
people and for the people" as
a challenge to all of us?
After all are not principles
by far superior to any man
or any group of men? For
not by power alone shall
men prevail. Sound princi-
pies are to point us the right
directions and purposes of
life. Strength of purpose
gives us additional strength
to perform our acts in ac-
cordance with our intentions
and words, based on sound
principles, leading us to a
greater degree of integrity.
Meyer Taske, LIB.
Evening star., 1960-06-08
Mission to Tokyo

Unless there is reason to believe
that his personal safety cannot be as
Sured, it looks as though the Presi-
dent must go through with his visit
to Japan. There have been threats of
physical injury to Mr. Eisenhower, no
tably from the pro-Communist Zen
,gakuren Student Federation, and these
certainly should not be ignored. I'm
-doubtedly, however, the Japanese au-
isthoritieS have the means to pull the
lefangS of the extremists If they are
@resolved to do so, and we assume THAT
appropriate assurances on this point
will be forthcoming before the Presi-
..dent goes to Tokyo.
The essential reason for making
>the trip is the desire of the KiShi
government to welcome Mr.. Eisenhower,
: plus the fact that the great majority
Of Japan'S people share Mr. Kishi's
sentiment, support the new mutual
security treaty and want to maintain
good relations between our two coun-
ltrieS. These are the considerations
(which, in our belief, override the pros
+pect that unfriendly mobS will demon
.Strate against the President. The hos
tile demonstrations will detract from
the usefulness of the visit, but the ad-
verse consequences of cancellation by
Mr.. Eisenhower, it seems to us, would
be much greater. Popular government
will not survive for long in any free
country if the duly chosen representa-
tiveS of the majority are going to bow
every time the mobS and the hoodlumS
take to the streets.
There ought to be an object lesson
in this, incidentally, for those in this
country who seem to think that it is
healthy manifestation when people,
especially young people, resort to mob
action in an attempt to impose their
minority will on the community. Order,
discipline and Self-restraint are essen
tial ingredients of free society. With
out these things, no elected government
can function successfully, and this is
something which should not be for
gotten by those who applaud mob &C
ton when it happens to reinforce their
own purposes or prejudiceS.
Evening star., 1960-06-08
Dim View of FDR

I heartily agree with the
sentiments of Herbert C.
Hopkins expressed in a let
ter to The Star against the
erection Of a monument to
that self-serving individual
Franklin D. Roosevelt. Ger
tainly he does not rank with
our greater Presidents, eSpe-
cially since he is responsible
for the Russians being in
East Germany today, with
all of the threats that it
involves. Evidently he had
no personal knowledge of
Soviet world aims, or he
would not have voted with
Stain against Winston
Churchill on the proposition.
We taxpayers had no OPP
portunity to express our
views before the money was
hurriedly appropriated for
the project. I had scant re-
spect for the man. And I
have the same feelings to-
ward the expenditure of
money for the so-called
Freedom Wall" proposed to
be erected. What wastage of
government money!
Col. C. /. Kephart,
HCAppaf
Evening star., 1960-06-08
Nuts, Monty

Ever since he shed his jaunty mill
tary beret to go into retirement multi,
Field Marshal Viscount Montgomery of
Britain has been roaming around the
world like a self-appointed Inspector
General. In that capacity, Monty has
become an authority on just about
everthing-from how World War II was
fought and won, despite his better judg-
ment, to how fine things are behind the
Iron Curtain. Recently, Monty was re-
laxing tensions and promoting peace in
Peiping-or at least that is how Com
Evening star., 1960-06-08
Spectators Whoop 1t Up in Political Arena

To L. Fenik's idea Of a
Dream Ticket"-the draft
ing of Governor Rockefeller
by the Democrats for Presi-
dent-I say heaven forfend!
Why add to Blunderbuss
Buffers confusion about the
candidates he already has
he will choke on his own
feet for surel Anyway Rocky
has no edge on any of the
hopefuls in either party. All
are patriots and have served
their country, and are Gun
fortunately humanitarians.
The country teens with
them.
What we really need is a
hard tough realist, capable
of shocking us awake to cold
facts - even stuffing them
down our pampered little
throats now and then, if
need be. Fortunately, both.
parties have such a candi-
date available-the Republi-
cans, Nixon who, let it not
be forgotten, foiled the most
daring plot of Communist
inffltration in high places in
our Government, and there
by brought down on himself
the unrelenting hatred of
many so-called liberals"
whose liberality consisted
mainly of handing over the
United States to the more
enlightened theology of the
Soviet. To be so near success,
to have a mere capitalist
snatch it from them-no
wonder he's a thorn in many
sides - burglars never have
liked the teeth of a bulldog,
but the owners reaction is
naturally quite different.
The Democrats could con-
ceivably win with Lyndon
johnson, and Lyndon john
son alone, if they have the
wit to nominate him. His
own astuteness and wit in
sulate him against blunders,
and his somewhat devious
but always masterful strate-
gy in calling the turn is a
positive asset. He is, above
Evening star., 1960-06-08
columbia Plaza

With the green light the CommiS
sioners have given the Redevelopment
Land Agency to plan the Columbia
Plaza" project in Foggy Bottom, the Dis
trict has embarked upon somewhat
new and different type of urban renewal
activity.
The difference is that Foggy Bottom
Is not, as Southwest Washington was, a
stagnant slum, in which there were no
new construction, no investor interest
and no outlook for anything better. The
entire Foggy Bottom area is in period
of active transition, and there is no
doubt that substantial amount of pri-
vate construction eventually would have
occurred in the rundown Columbia
Plaza" section without Government sup
port. The real question facing the Com
miSSionerS, however, was whether the
type of development that could be antic-
ipated through urban renewal would be
sufficiently better to justify this ap-
proach in the public interest.
One of the main arguments they
heard was that the urban renewal plan
would require substantial new parking
facilities, critically needed in the State
Department area. Another was that the
Understanding powers of urban re-
newal would permit a far more attrac-
tive and economically productive devel-
opment of in-town apartments. They
were told that the major property own
ers support urban renewal, and that the
project could be carried out at mini
mum cost to the city. Before it's final
approval, the area must be found suff1-
GENTLY "blighted" to qualify legally for
urban renewal aid. Pending that de-
ciSion, however, the Commissioners de-
cided that the development of a plan
was justified. We believe they were right.
Evening star., 1960-06-08
Mercy Fleet

COngraCulaClonS on your re-
cent editorials urging Amer
leans to respond with their
hearts and their purses to
the urgent need for funds to
aid the victims of recent dis
asters in Chile and various
Pacific areas. Certainly, our
Nations close bonds of friend
ship with these people make
the provision of substantial
assistance imperative.
At the same time, it is my
hope that these recent events,
tragic as they may be, will
help prod congressional &C
ton on S. Con. Res. 66, which
I am co-sponSoring, to eStab-
lish a Great White Fleet of
mercy ships to deal with these
disasters on a long-term
basis. This humanitarian ar
mada, made up of ships car
rying emergency food, shell
ter, medical supplies, and
rescue and relief personnel,
could be ready at instant no
tice to speed to areas of dis
treSS.
The Great White Fleet pro-
vides an opportunity to COM
bine the traditional Ameri-
can spirit of generosity and
enlightened self-interest in a
bold and imaginative dem
onstration of good will. It's
effect, particularly on the
uncommitted and underde-
veloped nations, could be tre-
mendous.
The Fleet, launched in the
service of humanity, is both
modest in expenditure and
imaginative IN method. It
could dramatic the America
of the mid-20th century as it
really is, as it brings Ameri-
can aid and friendship to the
peoples of the world. This
project, so in keeping with
our national traditions and
aspirations, should commend
itself most forcefully at this
time to the American people
and to the Congress.
Kenneth B. Heating,
United States Senator,
From New York.
Evening star., 1960-06-08

ideas for a brief platform for
a candidate for President OF
the United States, the major
items would Be:
l. Operate the Federal
Government within the Fed
eral income Except in time
of war; and make an honest
effort to reduce the national
debt by 10 per cent during
the next administrative pc
riod of four years.
2. National defense is the
matter Of paramount import
ance.
3. A condition of cold war
exists between the U.S.A.
on one hand and the USSR
and Red China on the other.
4. No more financial aid to
any other countries-limit
foreign aid to other types of
assistance.
5. Double the present ma
tional expenditure for educa-
ton.
6. Put food surpluses owned
by the Federal Government
on the world market at real
istic prices.
7. Cut United States indi-
vidual income taxes by 25
per cent and simplify tax re-
port for use.
8. Equalize retirement pay
for the Armed forces.
8. Put all classes of United
States mail service on a pay
ing basis.
10. Freeze the Social Secu-
rity program in its present
form.
II. Speed up the operation
of the courts.
II. Stop coddling criminals.
13. Treat juvenile delin-
f1l1nYfe oS eY.iY,oi,,a1c
Where can ! find a candi-
date who will accept my vote,
on such a platform?
Samuel Engle Burr, jr.
Executive Oficer
Institute Of World Affairs,
The American University
Evening star., 1960-06-08
Faulty Leadership

The talk about the i'll
timing of the U-2 fight is
nonsense. What if an agree
ment had been reached at
the summit and then a U-2
captured?
Heads of nations have
signed peace agreements
from time immemorial. They
have never been worth the
paper and ink. Wars fol-
lowed as night the day.
The material reality is
that leaders who disregard
the welfare Of their own, as
the millions unemployed and
in privation in this Nation,
will have little regard for
humanity in general. If they
betray their own, they will
betray everything else, in
cluding themselves and their
agreements.
Has it ever been any diff
ferent? How else can you
account for the endless,
needless wars?
If leaders, and I'm refer
ring to the monied who rule
this nation, will first make
peace within the Nation,
rectifying the extremes of in
equity and relieving poverty
in the midst of abundance,
they will then be in an i'm
pregnable position from
which to negotiate with for
eign leaders who demon
strate an equal competence
and morality.
If foreign leaders fail to
demonstrate that compe-
tence and morality, there
is no point in signing peace
pacts with them.
Hal Annas
CuaoII, W.
Evening star., 1960-06-08

all. happily, not idealistic;
but neithep is he merely a
practical politician, like Tru-
man; he has an intuitive
sense of timing, long disci-
pline in control in welding
power, and a built-in ouija
board as to what to say to
the press. 1t will, I think,
find him neither colorful
nor vocal-what need has
innate power of either prop?
His eloquence will be in ST.
lently accomplishing the
thing to be accomplished, di-
rectly or deviously-strategy
is inherently devious - a
juxtapositioning of events or
circumstances maneuvered
to break out Of a trap, or
lure the opposition into it
Its really our invincible
built-in weapon in operation,
the instinct of self-preserva-
ton, and few have ever
brought it to the precision
johnson has, or dedicated it
so completely to that larger
self of man, his Nation.
When you think how that
fine weapon has degenerated
into fear and panic in the
hands of the American press,
we could really use johnson.
If it's objected that he's a
Southerner - well now, if
Protestant Southerners plus
all Catholics from all regions
are taboo for the presidency,
regardless of what reservoir
of genius they've built up, an
awful lot OF people are liable
to come up with the idea
that the two-party system is
archaic. The Brahmins VS..
the Untouchables concept of
peoples-it'S a little comical
to find it espoused by self
proclaimed forward-lookers
and liberals, what? Or is it
just their subtle way of tell
ing us we should give it back
to the Indians-all so States
of it?
Helen S. Geraghty.
\ 4 \ \
II I were to outline my
Evening star., 1960-06-08
ALEXANDRIA VA

EAa<A1A4NOGe41g va
Dear Sir:
"I watched two mocking-
birds the other day, and they
were putting on some sort Of
dance.
"They had selected the
street for their dance, and
they faced each other about
18 inches apart, and first one
would prance sideways, and
then the other.
After a series of move
ments, covering about 10
feet, they started back the
other way, with the birds in
changed positions.
"At the end of the second
trip, they flew into the air
briefly, their wings close to-
gether.
What on earth were they
up to?
Sincerely, N. B. R."
\ \ = II
This is the famous mocker
dance, usually at matinI
time, but sometimes in late
fall.
1t is an interesting spec
tacle.
Most species indulge in
courting tactics, of some kind
or other, but the mockingbird
is, as far as we know, the only
local bird to put on a regular
dance.
The flash of white from
the wings is easily seen even
when the birds rise no more
than a foot or two in the air.
Mockers are amazing fell
lows, any way you look at
them. $50.
On moonlight nights in
summer they sing sweetly all
night long.
Il y y
We have reports of these
birds singing in parks where
very bright lights, of the new
patterns, are suspended.
This is because these lights
are close to sunlight, and the
illumination they give cheers
any bird nature.
All birds are very close to
us, but some species more
than others.
Thus the robin.
So the cardinal.
Likewise, the cheerful
chickadee. But If we 90
through the list, we find that
every species makes an ap-
peal of its own.
Surely the mockingbird is
one Of the perennial favor
ties.
1t was no less than Thomas
Jefferson who called it IAN
angel in feathers"
Il
Many Knockers stay here
all winter.
They are helped in this
decision by their fondness
for holly.
Evening star., 1960-06-08
WSTAS IN SCIENCE
By THOMAS R. HENRY
Good and Bad Sides of Chemicals

More than 10000 new
chemicals will become avail
able in industry this year.
Many will find their way
in trace amounts into air,
water and food and thus may
constitute serious menaces to
health. This is stressed in a
report on mans pollution Of
his environment to the Amer
ican Federation of Biological
Societies. The chemicals, in
fact, may supplant micro
organisms as dangers to pub
lie health. The effects of
many of them on the human
body are quite unknown.
I'VE cannot expect with
impunity," said DR.. Herbert
Stokinger of the United
States Public Health Service,
indefinitely to use our air.
ways and waterways as sew
erS for the disposal of in
dustrial and domestic wastes.
Yet materials from the fabri-
cation Of metals, by-products
of plastics, detergents and
a host of other synthetic
chemicals are entering our
water sources in increasing
amounts"
Toxics in PeSticides
More than 100 chemicals of
varying degrees of toxicity
now enter into pesticides
which are coming into gen.
eral use. Pollution of the
atmosphere arises chiefly
from industrial furnaces, in
cineratorS and automobiles.
When a noxious substance
is identified, said DR.. Stok-
niger, tolerance levels can be
established. Far more diff
cult, he said, is the situation
IN which toxic materials are
present in such minute
amounts that they defy the
ingenuity of the chemist to
define their precise nature.
yet" he said, Chronic ex-
posure may accumulate a
dose that has bad effects on
health. The Identification of
chemicals that may be sus-
pected of melting the body
to the development Of can
GERS is particularly difficult
since the long-delayed re-
sponSe may hide the relation
between cause and effect.
THE output of new drugs
by the pharmaceutical in
dustry proceeds at a pace
that bewilders the physician
and the public alike"
While the toxicity of these
drugs is carefully evaluated
it was stressed, a small frac-
ton of the population may
react quite differently from
others and tests on animals
offer little help.
= =
Some unknown substance
liberated by tired muscle
benefits cancer patients.
This was reported to the
American Federation of Bio
logical Societies by a grour
Of scientists from Jefferson
Medical College, Philadel-
phia. They have found, they
said, that when cancerous
animals were exercised to the
point of fatigue they Jared
better than nonexercisine
animals.
In a few cases, they said
the cancer completely disap-
peared. They suspended a bit
OF rat muscle in a salt solu-
ton and stimulated it to the
point where it stopped con-
tracing. A preparation made