davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1960-06-12

to a hearing Tuesday on the
long-Standing Route 240 con-
troverSy. Possible legislative
action will be explored then,
Senator Case said.
The South Dakota Senator
entered the road dispute in
April shortly after Federal
Highway Administrator Bert
ram D. Tallamy told the Dis
trict only the Wisconsin avenue
route would be eligible for 90
per cent Federal aid funds.
District and Maryland officials
favor the easterly location.
The Wisconsin avenue route
Evening star., 1960-06-12

measure was praised last week
by Brigadier General A. C.
yelling. District Engineer
Commissioner, who has been a
strong backer of rapid transit.
Commissioner Robert E. Nc
Laughlin also has strongly
backed transit.
The Commissioners last year
formally opposed a Wiscon-
sin corridor interstate free
way, although the route has
been supported by the Ma
tional Capital Planning Com
mission and by Mr.. McLaugh-
lin.
Chairman John B. Funk of
the Maryland State Roads
Commissions opposition to the
Wisconsin avenue location,
backing the so-called north
central route east of Rock
Creek Park for the 24O link.
The Maryland-National Capi.
Evening star., 1960-06-12
Case Asks Heorinq
On Route 24O Location
BY JAMES G. DEANE
Star Stan Writer

Senator Case Republican South Dakota said yesterday
he may seek to amend the Federal highway permit
switching the location of Maryland Route 24O
from Wisconsin Avenue corridor to east of Rock Greek
The Senate Public Roads Committee of which Senator
Case member has Federal and District officials
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-25

Long sleeve shirts in cotton,
royon or blends. Many wash
and wear. 2-woy collars. PIoids,
checks, foncies, in fashion COL
ors. Famous label in each. S, M,
L, XL.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-25

First on O boys Christmas LIST
on quito. 33h" long with
bolI-beorine construction. 8"
diameter wheels. White enamel
with red and blue trim.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-25

Chrome finished rims and fend-
ers, contilever frame, de luxe
spring soddIe, complete with
carrier and headlight. Styles
for boys or girls. Red or blue.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-29
Research Rocket
Goes Astruy

ELGIN AIR FORCE BASE
Fla, Nov. 20 (AP).-A small
research rocket strayed from
its intended course yesterday
and plummeted into q North.
west Florida swamp instead Of
the Gulf of Mexico.
The Arcas-Robin, . 61s-foot
single stage rocket, was
launched from nearby Santa
Rosa Island. Instead Of going
southeast as planned, it veered
toward the northwest.
The solid propellant rocket
went down in q swampy area
about 6 miles east Of Vernon
It was found by Air Force
crews.
The rocket, made by Atlantic
Research Corp. of Alexandria,
Va. is used for high-altitude
weather research.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-29
IS ENGLISH OBSOLETE?
Teaching Changed
To Overcome Flaws

detrimental Alnidon Elementary
School on the phonics system
developed at Bethesda's Pri.
mary Day School.
The city's English curriculum
for junior and senior high
schools is undergoing the first
extensive revision since 1896.
And there is mounting pres
sure to improve the library
facilities throughout the school
system for the sake Of more
effective English instruction.
In the suburbs, Arlington,
Fairfax and Prince Georges
Counties are revising or ex-
panding English curriculums.
Montgomery schools are de-
veloping more effective ways
for teaching composition, and
Falls Church has established
advanced writing classes for
gifted 18th and 18th graders.
Similar developments are re-
ported in schools throughout
the country by United States
ONCE Of Education officials.
DR.. Arno Jewett. the Offices
language specialist, says there
is particular emphasis on the
teaching or more specific sub
ject matter in English.
DR.. Helen K. Macintosh.
chief Of the Offices elementary
section and a former NCTE
president. says she is particu-
larly pleased that all the con-
Germ for English instruction is
bringing about a general agree
ment on the directions In
which we are heading"
Major Development
Perhaps one Of the most
significant national Develop
ments within the last year has
been the establishment of a
Commission on English by the
powerful College Entrance
Examination Board, composed
Of $50 Of the Nations leading
schools and colleges.
Board members decided to
establish the commission be-
cause Of their dissatisfaction
with the results Of English
teaching. They wanted to bring
about improvements before the
mushrooming student enroll
ments make 1t difficult just to
maintain existing standards.
The 13-member commission
plans to start issuing reports
this fall on all phases Of Eng
lish programs-and particularly
on how to make most effective.
efficient use Of available class
time. It also may develop spe-
cial Institutional materials, in
GLIDING videotapes and kline
scopes. for widespread national
distribution.
We are interested in pro-
viding any help we can" says
Floyd Rinker, a former English
teacher at Newton Mass
High School. now working full
time as the commissions exec
utive director.
It win take many years to
determine whether any Of the
changes in English teaching
now being contemplated or i'm
plemented will actually improve
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-29

the language abilities and en-
rich the literary heritage Of
Americas students.
In the meantime, 1t seems
safe to predict. the discussions
on whether the English Ian
guage is growing, or dying, will
continue.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-29

lectures tomorrow and Friday,
also at Q pm. viii be given In
the Andrew Rankin Chapel
Sixth street and Howard placs
NV.
ALI the lectures are open ia
the public.
Mr.. Lerner. professor Of
American civilization at Bran.
deis University. Waltha m,
Mass. also viii speak on "Edu.
cation and the Image Of Man"
at $40 pm. Thursday on tbs
Institute Of Contemporary Arts
program In the National Edu.
cation Association auditorium.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-29
Last Of q Series

out the country is undergoing
closer scrutiny and evaluatior
than ever before. And specific
changes in Institutional pro.
grams are resulting.
The kind Of self-evaluation tc
which the educators are SUBJ
jecting themselves is illustrated
by a recent study entitled "The
Basic Issues In the Teaching OF
English"
Prepared by the teaching
profession, it represents an at
tempt to show what type OF
questions English teachers and
school administrators should be
asking themselves.
Are we teaching English in
such a way that it truly has q
civilizing value" the study
wonders, 'or have we watere6
down the subject so much, ir
an attempt to 1T it to the SUP.
posed interests Of the MANY
whom we teach. that we have
deprived them Of the oppor.
tunity to become acquainted
with and to experience the best
thought and expression Of theil
own time and the cultura
heritage which Is rightfully
theirs?
Achievement i'm Doubt
"A still graver question 1,
whether we have succeeded ir
intoxicating In our students q
permanent love Of good litera.
ture and a pride In the ability
to use their language with
clarity and grace. All teachine
Is OF course, an act Of faith. but
it sometimes requires very
strong faith indeed to believe
that we are achieving our goal
in this respect"
The American Studies AS
ISOLATION the College English
Association, the Modern Lam
guage Association and the Ma
tional Council Of Teachers of
English worked together on the
Basic Issues"
According to DR.. j. N. Hook
NCTE executive secretary, the
cooperation between these in
f1uential groups Is something
Of a novelty" in American ed
cation. It points up, he feels.
the broad interest among edu-
Gators in English instruction.
Many othe r educational
groups-including the Ameri-
can Council Of Learned Socie-
ties, the American Council on
Education and the Association
for Higher Education also
have started to examine ways
for improving the teaching of
English. Just this spring the
Curriculum Planning and De-
velopment Committee of the
National Association of Sec
ondary School Principals COM
pleted o comprehensive report
on English language teaching.
There is much evidence that
such self-analysis within the
profession does lead to change.
Ph0nics System
District School Supt. Carl r.
Hansen already has launched
his campaign to improve the
quality Of composition work.
He also has, decided to base
instruction at the ex-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-29
4 TuIks Slated
By Max Lerner

Max Lerner. newspaper col.
umnist. educator and lecturer
win deliver the annual Sidney
Mllman lectures at Howard
University this week.
Subject Of the lectures viii
be Beyond the Power Prin.
|ciples."
The FIRST lecture will be oil
9 o'clock tonight in the Biology
Greenhouse Building, Fourth
and College streets NV. The
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-29
Auto Driving Course
For Beginners to Sturt

A beginners driving course
sponsored by the YMCA, 1916
Twelfth street NV, will begin
tomorrow. The course includes
four hours Of classroom in
struction plus five hours in q
dual-controlled car.
A refresher course, consisting
OF four class hours and two
hours In q car, also will be
offered. The classes are open to
both men and women.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-29
BY ANDREW BINGHAM
Contributine Writer

English teachers and Their
critics at least agree that, re-
CARELESS Of the quality of in
struction in the past. there
must be an Improvement in the
future.
Because. Of this conviction, the
teaching Of English through
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-29

1.-THE conservative Parti du
Regroupement Maurita nien,
which holds all 40 seats in q
national assembly whose mem
bers have an average age of "a.
| PRM is led by Assembly
President Sidi Ell Mokhtar, who
Is so popular he no longer
bothers to campaign for re-
election, and by the country's
prime minister and only law
yer. Mokhtar ould Daddah,
known somewhat irreverently
but affectionately TO American
Sahara buffs as ''Daddy-O."
| Despite, the backwardness of
its peopIe-the French used to
have to ARREST" Moorish chill
dren to get them into school,
finally gave up and established
a corps of nomadic school
teachers who trekked with the
tribes Mauritania has a bright
economic future.
The country still exports
only a few tons of gum, dates
and dried fish. But last year
biologists found water under
the desert which will enable an
international consortium to ex-
plot q mammoth III billion
ton deposit of iron ore and Is
million tons of copper.
This year the World Bank
agreed to loan $50 million to
build q 430-mile railway (the
country's f1rst) from the de-
posts to Port Etienne. Total
cost Of the project win be
about $3.50 million and annual
production Of 4 million tons is
expected to begin by 1864.
Cash for Schools
Fifty per cent of the profits
win go to Mauritania and part
of this will be used to expand
q school system, $1,000 students
In 70 schools) which now
reaches only 3 per cent Of the
school-age population.
The greatest threat to Maur-
itania remains Morocco's ter
ritorial claim to the country.
All the other Franco-African
republics. however, have rec
ognized Mauritania's right to
exist as q separate nation.
Mokhtar ould Daddah, an
aesthetic young man, likes
nothing better than to doff his
Paris clothes for an Arabs flow
ing robes and to exchange his
sports car for a camel and a
ramble into the Sahara with
his hard-riding clansmen. He
points out that, II anything,
Mauritania has q claim to
Morocco. since Abu Bakr's war
riors conquered King Moham-
med'S country.
Moroccan claims. he asserts,
ARE founded neither on his
torical fact nor on present po-
litical reality and are as alb
surd as trying to reconstruct
the empire of Charlemagne."
But the feud between Moroc-
co and Mauritania shows no
signs Of abating and the situa-
ton remains q dangerous one.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-29

possesses exactly one high
school for a population of ESQ.,
900.
There are more camels (300.-
000) than male adults and eight
sheep and goats for every man,
woman and child. not to speak
Of a million cattle and donkeys.
The European .popula ton, most
ly French, is less than 500.
The new capital at Nouak-
chott last year boasted one two
room hotel and a population of
10 Europeans and 9,54O Mauri-
tanianS.
Mauritania means Land of
the Moors" and the name was
once applied to all Northwest
Africa. It is 80 per cent desert,
100 per cent Muslin, and the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-29

Mr.. and Mrs. Harry O.
Chambers recently ceIe-
brated their golden we'd
ding anniversary ut their
home at 2726 Fifty-second
avenue Sc. The Cham
bers have one son, q
daughter and four grand
children.-Harris q Ewing
Photo.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-29

important thing to remember
about the country is that, witt
the exception of the Negro ag.
riculturaists along the Senega
River. Mauritania Is no more q
black country than Spain.
Contempt for Foreigners
The average Mauritanian has
long black hair e few blondes
occur, piercing grey eyes, q
skin no darker than q white
Americans after a couple OF
weeks at the beach, and an
overwhelming contempt fol
foreigners in general and
Negroes in particular.
Mauritania's early history
was marked by successive
misunderstanding waves Of
Berbers and Arabs, who con.
quered the Negro peoples, en-.
shaved them. and forcibly con.
verted them to Islam.
In the early Middle Ages, q
great Mauritanian religion.
reformern named Abu Bakr (ths
Martin Luther of Islam)
launched a crusade which
crushed the ancient Negro
kingdom of Ghana (no rela.
ton to the modern republic Of
the same name) and swept
through Morocco to conquer
Spain. -
Europeans arrived in Mauri.
tania in the 18th century anc
squabbled among themselve!
in an attempt to monopolize
the gum trade along the north.
ern banks Of the Senegal
France finally obtained a FREE
hand in exchange for recog.
milton Of British rights on thu
Gambia River.
Pacified I'm 1909
Playing on the hostilities
which remain today between
the Berbers, who are demo-
cratic farmers and townsmen
seldom moved to religious ex-
cesses. and the Arabs. who are
nomadic herdsmen. feudal war
riors and religious fanatics,
France finally pacified Mauri-
tania in 1909.
After World War II, Norma
ould Bahama, a former govern
ment official and the first Moor
to sit in the French Assembly,
attempted to introduce q So
cialist program to Mauritania.
Conservative tribal elders
linked with a group of young
intellectuals to hand Ould
Bahama successive electoral
defeats in 1851 and 1856, after
which he fed to Morocco to
support the claim Of King Mo-
b ahmed to Mauritania. Ould
! abana has since been Joined
by other dissident Moors who
contest their country's right to
independence.
Firmly Entrenched
A Moroccan Army of Lib
Grafton" marched into Mauri-
tania after Ould Bahamas de-
lection but was soundly
thrashed by French-led Mauri-
tanian troops backed up by
paratroopers fresh from the
Algerian war.
Firmly in the Mauritanian
political camel saddle now is
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-29
AFRICAN REPORT
Mauritania Looks
To Era Of Riches
BY SMITH HERPsTONE, Jr.
Contributing Writer

ABDJAN Ivory The Islamic Republic Of Mauri-
tana which became Aca 26h independent yesterday
is parsey populated us people the square le) desert
land which bakes during the day and freezes at night
Mauritania which lies south of north of Sene-
gal Mali
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1960-11-29

ADVERTISEMENT.
Evening star., 1960-12-24
GroupsOffer
YuIeMusic

Traditional Christmas music
programs win be offered BY sew.
eral churches in the area today
and tomorrow.
The Catholic Television Guild
Of Washington will present D
cantata, "The WondrouS Story, /"
Story" three times this week
end over television. The pro.
gram, arranged by the Rev.
william p. Anderson, director
OF the guild. win be presented
at $3.50 O'Clock tonight on
WTTG-S and again tomorrow
at 1850 am. on WT'T0-5 and
at l pm. on WRC-4.
A Christmas carol service will
be presented at s pm. tomor-
row by the choir Of Fifth Bap-
tist Church, 600 e street s.W.
The carol and candleliKht
service Of Fifth Church Of the
Nazarene, Sixteenth and Web.
ster streets NV, will be pre-.
sented ct Z pm. tomorrow.
Forrest Walters cantata,
The Child Of Bethlehem" will
be presented at 1880 pm. to-
morrow by the choir Of Knox
Orthodox Presbyterian Church,
Granville drive and Sutherland
road. Silver Spring.
Evening star., 1960-12-24
Scout Officials Get
Hiah Church Award

The Most Rev. Philip M
Hannah, Catholic Auxiliary
Bishop Of Washington. has
presented scouting's highest
ecclesiastical award, the st.
George Medal. to five area
scouting ofnciala.
Recipients Of the award are
John K. Beard, scoutmaster
Of Troop SO Of st. Thomas
More Parish; John c. Borky,
scoutmaster Of Troop 333 Of
st. Francis de Sales Parish:
Mount c. Dulinsky, scout.
master Of Troop TIC Of Gt.
Ambrose Parish. Cheverly, Nd;
Charles ]. Frederick, scout.
master Of Troop 427. OUT Lady
Star Of the Sea Parish, Solo,
mons. Nd. and Edward T.
Dillon. assistant scoutmaster
of Troop I. st. AIMS Parish.
Evening star., 1960-12-24
Celebrating Christmas
! Dates to Year 354

But the struggle wasn't over,
Puritans In England held that
no feast Of human origin should
outrank the Sabbath, and did
not celebrate Christmas. When
they came into power In 1914,
Parliament ordained tina 4
Christmas celebrations be ban
ished from; the land. and pro-
vided for punishments for viO-
lationS. '
Rule Not Well Recelved
Like in Jerusalem ages earlier
the new rule was not well re-
ceived. - a.
1.-THE mob mauled the mayor
Of Canterbury, broke all his
windows as well as his bones,
and put FIRE to his doorsteps. I"
said O London magazine recall
ing the incident 10 years later.
= The Puritans fell from power
in 1860 and Christmas returned
to merry England: but the zeal
OF puritan immigrants to
America persisted to the latter
part Of the last century.
Christmas celebrations were
forbidden in puritan colonies,
and December IS was . common
workday in Boston until 1856
As late as 1870, classes were
held on Christmas In BoSton'l
public schools.
But immigrants from other
countries came, to America, too
and brought. not only the feaSt
but most Of the Christmas Gus
toms we since have come to re-
gard as American.
One group. from Oberndorf
Austria, brought with them q
simple song penned by their
parish priest on Christmas eve
in 1918. He wrote it after the
church organ broke down and
he contemplated midnight mas
without music.
It began: Silent night .. :"
Evening star., 1960-12-24

METHODIST .lIadepsndsnt1
Evening star., 1960-12-24
Bishop to Preside

The Right Rev. Angus Dun.
Bishop Of Washington, viii
preside at q solemn mass and
institution Of the Rev. william
A. Wendt as rector Of st.
Stephen and the Incarnation
Episcopal Church, at 2 pm.
Monday in the church, Six
teenth and Newton streets NV,
Evening star., 1960-12-24
SCIENCE OF THE SOUL
CHRISTMAS MESSAGE 1860
Frem Mis- Holiness SstsUrv KipsI
Singh u Mshsrsi. RSksni SstssnS.
S0wsa Ashrsm, Delhi, Indis.
PREsENTED BY
Representative 7. 5. KhsMMs
1909 DeIsfisId PIses NV.
Wsshinstsa (lID, D. e.
TsIephsaG: "A. 6.27l9
Dear Ones,
Dear Ones,

achieved,
What ahead Of
their saysa;sss
abundance individual
d ;1S tns wS sSGy: s
ths Master plddhs Him
Word did
GOSPEL OF Universal dvney
Hyins easures The living the
~:
d.y ~ MoIs M Vn knSW tsedy Is exPandns Fsd iron
mt sr:st brave and stro1S and bu5en1 With
an. s rin % . aSs s M Aes M % S % We Learn M shS, S
but the worthy
Il: .: ones nssts While me Great
with children.
plenty In all that S Holy and Divine ~ ~ - -
KiIpul Singh
Evening star., 1960-12-24

4. IA. 9. ZION, NV.
Evening star., 1960-12-24
M JULES Lob

- % .-0J 3OAG0 LUZ -
Associated Press Newsieatnres writer
,sPlAinly the birth Of Christ
was one Of, the most significant
events in the history Of the
world. t9 -
5 It brought, lordly kings to a
ioWly stable; 1t caused Herod
Of Judea to- commit one Of the
eraelest atrocities known to
man: and 1t. gave the world q
new date Of reckoning-Anno
Domini. =
Yet no one knows precisely
when 1t happened.
Christmas was not one OF
the earliest Christian festivals,
and before the 5th century
there was no general agree
ment when to celebrate it.
Pagan Festival Supplanted I
Various chronologists sus-
sested May 60, April 10. Novem-
Der ~ and other dates, but
most churches resolved the
problem simply by including
the birth celebration in the
Baptismal feast of January 6.
Meanwhile. the, chief pagan
festival Of the day was Natalis
lnvicti Sols-the birthday of
the Unconquerahle Sun. It was
eelebrAted throughout the
Roman Empire on December
25. during the winter solstice
0nd the month Of yule.
It was logical in the Christi.
Anizing. efforts Of church lead
ers to sllpplant the pagan
celebration with one in honor
of the birth of Christ.
Logical, maybe, but not easy
The transition began about
the year S54 and spanned
nearly two centuries. Although
all aspects Of paganiSm were
gone from the Christian appli-
cation Of the feast, Syrians
Armenians and others who
clung:to January 6 accused the
Roman Christians Of sun wor-
ship. When Bishop Juvenal
Introduced the new date In
Jerusalem 1t caused riots.
Acceptance Spreads
! AS Christianity spread, &C.
ceptance Of December IS as the
Lords birthday gradually came
about.
Soon circus games - one OF
the chief diversions Of the
Roman sun festival -- were for
bidden on the feast. and in 52s
Emperor Justinian declared the
day o civic holiday.
In the years that followed
Christmas gained increasing
Importance In the Christian
Morld. Traditions sprang up,
and the 18th century gave birth
70 q new type OF. joyful hymn
called the Christmas carol.
Evening star., 1960-05-06
TREASURY BONDS

NEW YORK. May s CAP).-Yesterday'
closing Over.the-counter United States
Government Treasury bonds,
Evening star., 1960-05-06
BUSINESS
BRIEFS

Ohio Oil Co. plans to spend
$65 million for expansion this
year. This compares with ex-
penditures of $50 million last
year and equals the record in
vestment of 1857.
Bituminous Production fol-
the week ended April 80 was
estimated at S,305, 900 tons VS.
8,555,000 tons for the preced-
ing week. and 1864, 900 tons fol
the corresponding week of last
year.-National Coal Associa-
ton.
Check CIearings by banks in
26 major cities advanced to a
record for any week-$29,949
727 900, This was a gain OF
1876 per cent from the $26, ,397,-
$4,000 figure of the previous
week and compares with $685.
l7e.084,000 in the correspond
ing 1853 week.-Dun 81 Brad
street.
Loans to Brokers and dealers
on other than U. s. securities
held by member banks in New
York City totaled 1884 million
Wednesday, an increase of $3s
million from the week before
and a decrease of $481 million
from a year before.-Federal
Reserve Board.
Evening star., 1960-05-06
PEOPLE
BUSINESS

5. S. Shaw has been promo
ted to manager of the Parking
ton Branch of julius Lans-
burgh'S Furniture Store at 4lO6
Wilson boulevard. He former
ly was with the downtown
store at Ninth and F sts., NV.
I. Kennedy now is manager
OF the Hub Furniture Co.,
Langley Park branch. He for
merly was assistant manager
there and has been associated
with Hub Furniture for 10
years.
DR.. J. Howard Dellinger of
Washington, an adviser and
consultant to radio and avia-
ton organizations, was honor
ed in Dayton last night by the
Institute of Radio Engineers
for outstanding work in aero
nautical and navigational elec-
tronics.
Charles F. Kraft, assistant
secretary of United States
Lines and manager of the
Washington Office, has been
elected president of Washing
ton Chapter. National Defense
transportation Association.
LancelOt w. Armstrong has
Joined the Washington staff of
Minneapolis Honeywell as spe-
cial assistant to the marketing
director dealing primarily with
Government accounts and ap-
plications.
Malcolm Davis has been
named editor of Capsules,
monthly publication of the
Woodland Research Corp. in
Herndon, Va. He has been as
sistant head keeper at the
Washington Zoo.
Gardner School Of Business
will conduct summer classes in
Bethesda again this year. 1t
has leased space at 1900 Wood.
mint Ave